Full text of Employment and Earnings : November 1991

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
November 1991




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Lynn Martin, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.

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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
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Household data

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Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.
Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
new seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212.
Specific questions concerning the data in this publication should be directed as follows: Household data,
(202) 523-1944 or 1371; national establishment data,
523-1172; State and area establishment data, 523-1227;
productivity data, 523-9261; and State and area labor
force data, 523-1002.

ISSN 0013-6840

Annual averages

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement 1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in July 1991.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 38 No. 11 November 1991

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, October 1991

2
4

Statistical tables:
HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

6
45
81

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

9

46
62
84
108
116

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




36
58
105
113
121

Monthly Household Data

Page

Employment Status
A-l.
A-2.
A-3.
A-4.
A-5.
A-6.
A-7.
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1958 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1980 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1958 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age., and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A - l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l5.
A-16.
A-17.
A - l 8.
A-l9.
A-20.

Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor par-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and ful- or part-time status

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-3 5.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

36
37
38
40
41
41
42
43
44
44

Monthly Establishment Data

Page

Employment-National
B-l.
B-2.
B-3.
B-A.
B-5.
B-6.
B-7.

Employees on nonfarn payrolls by major industry, 1940 to date
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

45
46
57
58
59
60
61

Employment-States and Areas
B-8.

Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

62

Hours and Earnings-National
C-l.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by detailed industry
C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted

81
84
102
103
104
105
106
107

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C-8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas

108

Productivity Data

C-9.
C-10.
C-l 1.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation.
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

113
114
115

Monthly State and Area Labor Force Data




D - l . Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

116

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, October 1991

Both employment and unemployment were essentially
unchanged in October. The unemployment rate was 6.8
percent, little different from the 6.7-percent rate in
September and the same as in July and August.
October job losses in the goods-producing sector and in
retail trade were offset by gains in the services industry,
based on data from the survey of establishments. Total employment, as estimated from the household survey, was
little changed, after a large increase the previous month.
Unemployment
The unemployment rate, 6.8 percent, and the number of
unemployed persons, 8.6 million, were about the same in
October as in the prior month. In fact, the unemployment
situation has shown little change since March. The October unemployment rate was 1.3 percentage points higher
than in July 1990, when the recession began; the number of
unemployed persons was up by 1.8 million. (See table
A-33.)
The unemployment rate for adult men was unchanged
in October, at 6.4 percent, while the rate for adult women
edged up 0.3 percentage point to 5.8 percent, after declining the previous month. The jobless rate for teenagers held
fairly steady at 18.8 percent. Unemployment rates for
whites (6.0 percent), blacks (12.7 percent), and persons of
Hispanic origin (10.6 percent) were about the same as in
September as well. About 2-1/2 million persons had been
jobless 15 weeks or more, an increase of 175,000 from
September. (See tables A-33, A-34, and A-40.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment, at 117.0 million, was little changed
in October, following a large increase in the prior month.
The number of employed persons was about 900,000 lower
than in July 1990. The proportion of the working-age population with jobs (the employment-population ratio) was
61.5 percent; it has been near that level since May and was
1.2 percentage points below the figure for July 1990. (See
table A-33.)
The number of persons in the labor force changed little
in October at 125.5 million workers, seasonally adjusted.
Since October of 1990, only about half a million workers
have been added to the labor force. Over this period, a declining youth population and small reductions in labor
force participation rates (the proportion of the working-




age population either employed or actively seeking employment) among several groups have accounted for the
very slow labor force growth. The participation rate was
about unchanged in October at 66.0 percent. (See table
A-33.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment was unchanged in October, following 2 months of small increases. Moderate declines in manufacturing, construction, and retail trade
were offset by an increase in services.
The number of manufacturing jobs fell by about 30,000
for the second consecutive month, erasing the job gains in
July and August. The October declines were concentrated
in durable goods industries, especially transportation
equipment, machinery, electronic equipment, instruments, and primary metals. (See table B-4.)
Construction employment also fell by about 30,000 in
October, continuing a downward trend which has reduced
the industry payrolls by 10 percent since May 1990. Mining employment continued to slide in October and was 5
percent below the February level.
The number of jobs in retail trade fell by about 45,000,
as hiring for the holiday season in general merchandise
stores was less than usual and cutbacks in eating and
drinking places were greater than average. Employment
in wholesale trade edged down in October, for the sixteenth consecutive over-the-month decline. In contrast,
there was job growth in the services industry for the sixth
month in a row. The gain of 100,000 in October was divided among business, health, and other services.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by
0.2 hour in October, reversing a similar increase in
September. The manufacturing workweek edged down by
0.1 hour but, at 40.9 hours, was still high by recent historical standards. Overtime hours in manufacturing remained
at 3.7 hours, also a relatively high level. (See table C-5.)
As a result of the decline in the workweek, the index of
aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers fell by 0.7 percent to 121.4 (1982= 100)
in October, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing was down 0.2 percent to 102.8, 2.6 percent below its
October 1990 level. (See table C-6.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers were little changed in October after
seasonal adjustment. Average weekly earnings decreased




by 0.7 percent. Before seasonal adjustment, average
hourly earnings were down 1 cent to $10.45 and average
weekly earnings declined by $3.48 to $359.48. Over the
year, average hourly and weekly earnings rose by 3.1 and
3.4 percent, respectively. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

November

December 6

February

March 6

December

January 10

March

April 3

January

February 7

April

May 8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1958 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
60.1
59.9

64,883
66,418

1,847
1,788

63,036
64,630

5,586
5,565

57,450
59,065

4,602
3,740

6.6
5.3

46,088
46,960

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322
188,081

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378
125,557

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2
66.8

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677
119,030

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709
1,688

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4
5.2

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

1990

189,686

126,424

66.6

119,550

1,637

117,914

3,186

114,728

6,874

5.4

63,262

1958
1959

115,574
117,117

69,486
70,157

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1990:
October
November .
December .

190,095
190,312
190,483

126,445
126,338
126,791

66.5
66.4
66.6

119,303
119,001
119,191

1,570
1,615
1,617

117,733
117,386
117,574

3,175
3,185
3,253

114,558
114,201
114,321

7,142
7,337
7,600

5.6
5.8
6.0

63,650
63,974
63,692

1991:
January
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October ....

190,592
190,717
190,703
190,836
190,980
191,173
191,443
191,589
191,746
191,903

126,253
126,678
126,786
127,128
126,690
127,134
126,818
126,520
127,231
127,163

66.2
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.3
66.5
66.2
66.0
66.4
66.3

118,537
118,520
118,214
118,854
118,049
118,389
118,316
118,032
118,789
118,581

1,615
1,602
1,460
1,456
1,458
1,505
1,604
1,616
1,624
1,614

116,922
116,918
116,754
117,398
116,591
116,884
116,712
116,416
117,165
116,967

3,163
3,222
3,098
3,156
3,272
3,308
3,239
3,266
3,306
3,195

113,759
113,696
113,656
114,243
113,319
113,576
113,474
113,150
113,859
113,772

7,715
8,158
8,572
8,274
8,640
8,745
8,501
8,488
8,442
8,582

6.1
6.4
6.8
6.5
6.8
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.7

64,339
64,039
63,917
63,708
64,291
64,039
64,625
65,069
64,515
64,740

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1980 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN

1989

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404
90,283

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474
69,360

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6
76.8

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820
65,835

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547
1,520

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

1990

91,122

69,705

76.5

65,906

1,472

64,435

2,507

61,928

3,799

1980
1981
1982
1983

1984
1985
19861

1987
1988

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3
5.1

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
21,417

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1990:
October
November
December

91,299
91,440
91,537

69,804
69,899
70,058

76.5
76.4
76.5

65,822
65,790
65,781

1,414
1,453
1,454

64,408
64,337
64,327

2,504
2,518
2,572

61,904
61,819
61,755

3,982
4,109
4,277

5.7
5.9
6.1

21,495
21,541
21,479

1991:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

91,590
91,650
91,587
91,652
91,720
91,839
92,023
92,100
92,185
92,270

69,543
69,749
69,808
69,855
69,704
69,793
69,821
69,652
70,261
69,998

75.9
76.1
76.2
76.2
76.0
76.0
75.9
75.6
76.2
75.9

65,251
65,043
64,846
65,112
64,746
64,750
64,820
64,770
65,285
65,142

1,453
1,439
1,314
1,310
1,303
1,345
1,431
1,442
1,449
1,440

63,798
63,604
63,532
63,802
63,443
63,405
63,389
63,328
63,836
63,702

2,466
2,520
2,456
2,504
2,596
2,640
2,586
2,580
2,594
2,535

61,331
61,084
61,076
61,298
60,847
60,765
60,803
60,748
61,241
61,167

4,292
4,706
4,962
4,743
4,957
5,043
5,001
4,882
4,976
4,856

6.2
6.7
7.1
6.8
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.0
7.1
6.9

22,047
21,901
21,779
21,797
22,017
22,046
22,202
22,448
21,924
22,272

Annual averages
WOMEN

1989

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918
97,798

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904
56,198

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6
57.5

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858
53,195

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162
168

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
687

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5
5.3

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

1990

98,564

56,719

57.5

53,644

165

53,479

679

52,800

3,075

5.4

41,845

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

19861
1987
1988

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1990:
October
November..
December ..

98,796
98,872
98,946

56,641
56,439
56,733

57.3
57.1
57.3

53,481
53,211
53,410

156
162
163

53,325
53,049
53,247

671
667
681

52,654
52,382
52,566

3,160
3,228
3,323

5.6
5.7
5.9

42,155
42,433
42,213

1991:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October

99,002
99,067
99,116
99,184
99,260
99,334
99,421
99,489
99,561
99,633

56,710
56,929
56,978
57,273
56,986
57,341
56,997
56,868
56,971
57,165

57.3
57.5
57.5
57.7
57.4
57.7
57.3
57.2
57.2
57.4

53,287
53,477
53,368
53,742
53,303
53,639
53,496
53,262
53,505
53,438

162
163
146
146
155
160
173
174
175
174

53,125
53,314
53,222
53,596
53,148
53,479
53,323
53,088
53,330
53,264

697
703
642
651
676
668
653
685
712
660

52,428
52,611
52,580
52,945
52,473
52,811
52,670
52,402
52,618
52,605

3,423
3,452
3,610
3,531
3,683
3,702
3,500
3,606
3,466
3,726

6.0
6.1
6.3
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.1
6.3
6.1
6.5

42,292
42,138
42,138
41,911
42,274
41,993
42,424
42,621
42,590
42,468

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1958 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployment rates
Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages
1958
1959

113,727
115,329

67,639
68,369

59.5
59.3

63,036
64,630

4,602
3,740

6.8
5.5

6.8
5.2

6.8
5.9

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

1990

188,049

124,787

66.4

117,914

6,874

5.5

5.6

5.4

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1990:
October
November.
December.

188,525
188,697
188,866

124,875
124,723
125,174

66.2
66.1
66.3

117,733
117,386
117,574

7,142
7,337
7,600

5.7
5.9
6.1

5.8
6.0
6.2

5.6
5.7
5.9

1991:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

188,977
189,115
189,243
189,380
189,522
189,668
189,839
189,973
190,122
190,289

124,638
125,076
125,326
125,672
125,232
125,629
125,214
124,904
125,607
125,549

66.0
66.1
66.2
66.4
66.1
66.2
66.0
65.7
66.1
66.0

116,922
116,918
116,754
117,398
116,591
116,884
116,712
116,416
117,165
116,967

7,715
8,158
8,572
8,274
8,640
8,745
8,501
8,488
8,442
8,582

6.2
6.5
6.8
6.6
6.9
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.8

6.3
6.9
7.2
6.9
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.1

6.1
6.1
6.4
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.5

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

190,289
13,263
6,599
6,663
17,910
107,625
42,254
20,083
22,171
38,961
20,519
18,442
26,409
14,528
11,881
21,148
10,558
10,590
30,343
10,032
8,207
12,104

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed

125,568
6,543
2,581
3,962
13,645
90,083
35,387
16,687
18,700
33,254
17,434
15,819
21,443
12,212
9,230
11,791
6,987
4,804
3,505
2,071
925
509

66.0
49.3
39.1
59.5
76.2
83.7
83.7
83.1
84.3
85.4
85.0
85.8
81.2
84.1
77.7
55.8
66.2
45.4
11.6
20.6
11.3
4.2

117,555
5,312
2,032
3,280
12,175
85,301
33,081
15,479
17,602
31,716
16,581
15,135
20,504
11,673
8,832
11,362
6,739
4,623
3,406
2,002
907
497

8,013
1,232
549
683
1,470
4,783
2,306
1,209
1,098
1,538
853
685
938
540
398
429
248
181
99
69
18
13

6.4
18.8
21.3
17.2
10.8
5.3
6.5
7.2
5.9
4.6
4.9
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.3
3.6
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.3
1.9
2.5

64,721
6,719
4,018
2,701
4,265
17,541
6,867
3,395
3,471
5,707
3,085
2,623
4,967
2,316
2,651
9,357
3,571
5,786
26,838
7,961
7,282
11,595

25,810
467
103
364
1,451
11,306
4,636
2,228
2,409
3,734
2,023
1,711
2,936
1,410
1,526
4,083
1,799
2,284
8,504
2,666
2,320
3,517

9,107
5,785
3,750
2,035
2,044
1,219
809
527
282
303
192
110
108
71
36
33
16
17
27
6
2
19

3,818
21
10
11
93
1,668
358
137
220
594
281
313
717
323
393
838
407
431
1,197
262
241
695

25,986
446
155
291
677
3,348
1,064
503
561
1,077
589
488
1,207
511
696
4,404
1,348
3,055
17,110
5,027
4,719
7,364

90,830
6,678
3,372
3,306
8,729
52,743
20,813
9,870
10,943
19,107
10,098
9,009
12,822
7,087
5,735
10,004
5,035
4,970
12,675
4,551
3,606
4,518

68,255
3,361
1,302
2,059
7,173
49,078
19,574
9,231
10,342
17,945
9,489
8,455
11,559
6,556
5,003
6,675
3,935
2,740
1,968
1,105
560
302

75.1
50.3
38.6
62.3
82.2
93.1
94.0
93.5
94.5
93.9
94.0
93.9
90.2
92.5
87.2
66.7
78.2
55.1
15.5
24.3
15.5
6.7

63,921
2,721
1,015
1,706
6,378
46,497
18,382
8,581
9,801
17,049
8,991
8,058
11,066
6,288
4,778
6,412
3,799
2,614
1,912
1,062
553
297

4,334
640
287
353
795
2,581
1,191
650
541
896
499
397
493
268
225
263
136
127
56
43
7
5

6.3
19.0
22.1
17.1
11.1
5.3
6.1
7.0
5.2
5.0
5.3
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.5
3.9
3.5
4.6
2.8
3.9
1.3
1.7

22,575
3,318
2,070
1,248
1,557
3,665
1,239
639
601
1,163
609
554
1,263
531
732
3,329
1,100
2,229
10,707
3,446
3,046
4,215

608
26
7
19
34
300
108
46
62
117
60
58
75
29
46
98
41
57
150
36
33
81

4,587
3,016
1,970
1,046
1,074
480
360
254
106
94
56
38
26
16
10
14
8
6
2
2

2,126
12
6
7
60
1,091
255
101
154
371
169
202
465
219
246
490
243
246
473
149
110
214

15,254
263
87
175
389
1,793
517
238
279
580
324
255
697
267
429
2,728
807
1,920
10,082
3,259
2,903
3,920

99,459
6,584
3,227
3,357
9,181
54,882
21,441
10,213
11,228
19,854
10,421
9,433
13,587
7,441
6,146
11,144
5,523
5,621
17,668
5,481
4,601
7,586

57,313
3,183
1,279
1,904
6,472
41,006
15,813
7,456
8,357
15,309
7,945
7,364
9,883
5,656
4,227
5,116
3,052
2,064
1,537
966
365
207

57.6
48.3
39.6
56.7
70.5
74.7
73.8
73.0
74.4
77.1
76.2
78.1
72.7
76.0
68.8
45.9
55.3
36.7
8.7
17.6
7.9
2.7

53,635
2,591
1,017
1,573
5,796
38,804
14,698
6,897
7,801
14,667
7,590
7,077
9,438
5,385
4,054
4,950
2,940
2,009
1,494
940
355
199

3,678
592
262
330
676
2,202
1,115
559
556
642
355
287
445
271
173
166
112
54
43
25
10
8

6.4
18.6
20.5
17.3
10.4
5.4
7.1
7.5
6.7
4.2
4.5
3.9
4.5
4.8
4.1
3.2
3.7
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.7

42,146
3,402
1,948
1,454
2,709
13,876
5,627
2,757
2,871
4,545
2,476
2,069
3,704
1,785
1,919
6,028
2,471
3,557
16,131
4,515
4,236
7,380

25,202
441
95
345
1,417
11,006
4,529
2,182
2,347
3,616
1,963
1,653
2,861
1,381
1,479
3,985
1,758
2,227
8,353
2,630
2,287
3,436

4,520
2,769
1,780
988
970
739
449
273
176
208
136
72
81
56
26
19
8
11
25
4
2
19

1,692
9
5
4
33
577
103
37
66
223
112
111
252
104
147
349
164
184
724
113
131
480

10,731
184
68
116
289
1,555
547
265
282
497
265
233
510
244
267
1,676
541
1,135
7,028
1,768
1,816
3,444

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

October 1991
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian

Not in labor force
Unemployed

noninstitutional
population

Total

161,846
10,611
5,257
5,354
14,640
91,080
35,276
16,687
18,589
33,157
17,345
15,812
22,647
12,465
10,183
18,344
9,082
9,261
27,171
8,929
7,370
10,872

Percent
of
population

Employed

107,656
5,660
2,296
3,363
11,453
76,998
29,922
14,054
15,868
28,508
14,841
13,667
18,568
10,537
8,031
10,350
6,113
4,236
3,196
1,872
863
461

66.5
53.3
43.7
62.8
78.2
84.5
84.8
84.2
85.4
86.0
85.6
86.4
82.0
84.5
78.9
56.4
67.3
45.7
11.8
21.0
11.7
4.2

101,661
4,747
1,880
2,867
10,440
73,381
28,254
13,214
15,040
27,324
14,197
13,127
17,803
10,093
7,710
9,980
5,897
4,083
3,113
1,812
848
453

5,995
912
416
496
1,012
3,617
1,668
839
828
1,184
643
541
765
444
321
370
216
154
83
60
15
7

77,876
5,367
2,694
2,673
7,195
45,176
17,586
8,287
9,299
16,478
8,651
7,827
11,112
6,134
4,978
8,755
4,372
4,383
11,383
4,078
3,245
4,060

59,175
2,912
1,161
1,751
6,037
42,492
16,741
7,826
8,915
15,614
8,217
7,397
10,137
5,728
4,409
5,922
3,466
2,456
1,812
1,018
517
276

76.0
54.3
43.1
65.5
83.9
94.1
95.2
94.4
95.9
94.8
95.0
94.5
91.2
93.4
88.6
67.6
79.3
56.0
15.9
25.0
15.9
6.8

55,787
2,427
946
1,481
5,450
40,452
15,827
7,336
8,492
14,905
7,834
7,071
9,720
5,499
4,221
5,693
3,351
2,342
1,765
978
512
274

83,970
5,245
2,563
2,682
7,445
45,904
17,690
8,399
9,291
16,679
8,694
7,984
11,536
6,331
5,205
9,588
4,710
4,878
15,788
4,851
4,125
6,812

48,481
2,748
1,135
1,613
5,415
34,506
13,181
6,228
6,953
12,894
6,624
6,271
8,431
4,809
3,622
4,428
2,648
1,780
1,384
854
346
185

57.7
52.4
44.3
60.2
72.7
75.2
74.5
74.1
74.8
77.3
76.2
78.5
73.1
76.0
69.6
46.2
56.2
36.5
8.8
17.6
8.4
2.7

45,874
2,320
934
1,386
4,991
32,929
12,427
5,879
6,548
12,419
6,364
6,056
8,082
4,594
3,489
4,287
2,546
1,740
1,349
834
336
179

Percent
of
labor
force

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Total

Keeping
house

5.6
16.1
18.1
14.8
8.8
4.7
5.6
6.0
5.2
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.6
2.6
3.2
1.7
1.6

54,190
4,952
2,961
1,991
3,187
14,082
5,354
2,633
2,721
4,649
2,505
2,144
4,080
1,928
2,152
7,994
2,969
5,025
23,975
7,057
6,507
10,411

22,052
338
82
257
1,112
9,397
3,784
1,792
1,992
3,129
1,700
1,429
2,483
1,224
1,259
3,517
1,523
1,994
7,687
2,409
2,099
3,179

6,822
4,304
2,775
1,529
1,557
913
606
401
205
230
142
87
78
47
30
24
13
11
24
6
2
16

2,863
14
2
11
69
1,248
236
90
147
461
210
251
550
256
294
630
316
314
902
193
180
529

22,452
296
102
194
449
2,524
728
351
377
828
452
376
968
400
568
3,822
1,117
2,705
15,362
4,449
4,226
6,686

3,388
484
215
269
588
2,039
914
490
424
709
383
326
417
228
188
229
115
114
47
40
5
2

5.7
16.6
18.5
15.4
9.7
4.8
5.5
6.3
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.1
4.0
4.3
3.9
3.3
4.6
2.6
4.0
.9
.7

18,701
2,455
1,533
922
1,158
2,684
845
462
383
864
434
430
975
406
568
2,833
906
1,927
9,571
3,059
2,728
3,784

412
18
6
12
22
185
59
25
35
79
36
42
47
17
30
72
30
42
115
27
27
61

3,447
2,249
1,470
779
825
356
273
199
74
69
42
27
14
10
5
14
9
6
2
2
-

1,614
10
2
7
43
811
169
62
107
285
120
165
357
170
187
381
192
190
369
115
83
172

13,228
178
54
124
268
1,332
344
176
168
432
236
196
556
210
346
2,366
676
1,690
9,085
2,916
2,618
3,550

2,607
428
201
227
425
1,578
754
349
405
475
260
215
348
215
133
141
101
40
36
20
10
6

5.4
15.6
17.7
14.1
7.8
4.6
5.7
5.6
5.8
3.7
3.9
3.4
4.1
4.5
3.7
3.2
3.8
2.2
2.6
2.3
2.9
3.0

35,489
2,497
1,428
1,069
2,029
11,398
4,509
2,171
2,338
3,784
2,070
1,714
3,105
1,522
1,583
5,161
2,062
3,098
14,404
3,997
3,779
6,627

21,641
320
76
245
1,091
9,212
3,725
1,767
1,958
3,051
1,664
1,387
2,437
1,207
1,229
3,446
1,493
1,953
7,572
2,382
2,073
3,118

3,376
2,055
1,305
750
732
557
333
202
131
160
100
60
64
38
26
10
4
6
22
4
2
16

1,248
4
4
25
437
68
27
40
177
90
86
193
86
107
249
124
125
533
79
97
357

9,224
117
48
70
181
1,192
384
175
209
397
216
181
412
191
221
1,456
441
1,015
6,277
1,533
1,608
3,136

Number

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ..
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ..

10



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

21,714
2,086
1,045
1,041
2,464
12,441
5,353
2,632
2,721
4,339
2,380
1,959
2,749
1,500
1,249
2,142
1,107
1,035
2,581
886
665
1,030

13,560
684
212
472
1,670
9,902
4,226
2,067
2,159
3,581
1,968
1,613
2,096
1,220
876
1,064
635
429
241
152
48
42

62.5
32.8
20.2
45.4
67.8
79.6
78.9
78.5
79.3
82.5
82.7
82.3
76.2
81.3
70.1
49.7
57.4
41.4
9.3
17.1
7.1
4.1

11,868
417
106
311
1,284
8,920
3,684
1,752
1,932
3,284
1,789
1,496
1,952
1,145
807
1,018
611
407
228
147
45
37

1,692
267
105
162
386
982
542
315
227
297
180
117
144
75
69
45
24
21
13
5
3
5

12.5
39.0
49.8
34.2
23.1
9.9
12.8
15.2
10.5
8.3
9.1
7.3
6.9
6.1
7.8
4.3
3.7
5.0
5.3
3.2
(1)

9,766
1,034
530
504
1,131
5,598
2,428
1,194
1,234
1,943
1,067
876
1,227
692
534
957
493
464
1,046
377
291
378

6,732
354
110
244
867
4,840
2,139
1,069
1,070
1,696
925
771
1,005
595
410
552
335
217
118
62
34
22

68.9
34.3
20.8
48.4
76.7
86.5
88.1
89.5
86.7
87.3
86.6
88.0
81.9
86.0
76.7
57.7
68.0
46.8
11.3
16.4
11.8
5.8

5,950
230
54
177
689
4,394
1,918
944
974
1,529
822
707
946
567
379
527
318
208
110
59
32
19

782
124
57
67
178
446
221
125
96
166
103
63
59
28
31
26
17
9
8
3
2
3

11.6
35.0
51.2
27.6
20.5
9.2
10.3
11.7
9.0
9.8
11.2
8.2
5.8
4.7
7.4
4.7
5.1
4.1
7.2
(1)

11,948
1,052
515
537
1,333
6,843
2,925
1,438
1/87
2,396
1,312
1,084
1,523
808
714
1,184
613
571
1,535
509
374
652

6,828
329
101
228
802
5,063
2,087
997
1,089
1,886
1,043
842
1,091
624
466
511
300
211
123
90
13
20

57.2
31.3
19.6
42.5
60.2
74.0
71.3
69.4
73.2
78.7
79.5
77.7
71.6
77.3
65.3
43.2
48.9
37.0
8.0
17.7
3.5
3.0

5,918
186
52
134
595
4,526
1,765
807
958
1,755
967
788
1,005
577
428
492
293
199
119
88
13
18

911
143
49
94
207
537
321
190
131
130
76
54
85
47
38
19
7
13
4
2

13.3
43.4
48.2
41.3
25.9
10.6
15.4
19.1
12.0
6.9
7.3
6.4
7.8
7.5
8.2
3.8
2.3
6.0
3.4
2.2

8,153
1,402
834
568
794
2,539
1,128
566
562
758
411
346
654
281
373
1,078
472
606
2,340
734
618

2,802
120
18
102
286
1,339
637
329
308
392
201
191
311
122
189
410
194
216
647
206
159
282

1,618
1,137
760
377
297
173
109
66
43
49
38
11
15
13
1
9
3
5
3

3,034
679
420
260
263
758
289
125
164
247
142
105
222
97
125
405
158
247
928
315
257
356

167
7

770
595
389
206
132
44
26
21
5
13
7
6
4
3
1

455
3
3

5,119
723
414
309
531
1,781
838
440
398
510
269
242
432
184
248
673
314
359
1,412
419
361
632

2,634
113
17
95
273
1,241
590
308
283
362
184
178
289
111
178
387
185
203
621
198
156
267

848
543
371
172
165
130
83
46
38
36
31
5
10
10

405
5
5

0

860
8
16
372
102
41
61
125
65
60
145
56
89
192
85
107
272
63
57
152

2,873
137
48
89
196
654
279
129
150
192
108
84
183
89
94
468
189
278
1,418
465
401
551

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

O

7
13
98
46
21
25
30
17
13
22
11
11
23
9
13
26
9
3
15

13
246
75
33
42
80
45
35
91
39
52
96
46
50
97
33
24
40

1,641
75
27
47
106
370
142
50
92
124
74
50
104
44
60
286
102
184
805
274
230
301

Women

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

9
3
5
2

3
126
27
8
19
45
20
25
54
17
37
96
39
57
175
30
34
112

1,232
63
21
42
91
284
137
79
58
67
33
34
79
46
34
182
87
95
613
191
171
251

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

28,443
2,651
1,342
1,309
3,270
16,545
6,978
3,396
3,582
5,804
3,174
2,630
3,762
2,063
1,699
2,805
1,476
1,329
3,172
1,103
837
1,232

17,912
884
285
599
2,192
13,085
5,465
2,634
2,831
4,746
2,594
2,152
2,875
1,675
1,199
1,441
873
568
309
199
62
48

63.0
33.3
21.2
45.7
67.0
79.1
78.3
77.5
79.0
81.8
81.7
81.8
76.4
81.2
70.6
51.4
59.2
42.7
9.8
18.0
7.5
3.9

15,894
565
152
412
1,734
11,920
4,827
2,264
2,562
4,391
2,383
2,008
2,702
1,579
1,122
1,382
842
540
293
190
60
43

227
7
3
4
14
152
57
20
37
53
24
29
42
25
17
31
13
19
23
17
4
2

15,667
558
149
408
1,720
11,768
4,770
2,245
2,525
4,339
2,360
1,979
2,659
1,555
1,105
1,351
830
521
270
174
55
41

2,018
319
133
186
458
1,166
639
369
269
354
210
144
173
96
77
59
31
27
16
8
3
5

11.3
36.1
46.6
31.1
20.9
8.9
11.7
14.0
9.5
7.5
8.1
6.7
6.0
5.7
6.4
4.1
3.6
4.8
5.3
4.2
1
()

12,954
1,312
678
633
1,535
7,567
3,227
1,583
1,644
2,629
1,447
1,182
1,710
953
757
1,249
663
587
1,292
473
361
458

9,080
449
141
308
1,135
6,586
2,833
1,406
1,427
2,331
1,272
1,058
1,422
829
594
753
469
284
156
87
43
26

70.1
34.2
20.8
48.7
74.0
87.0
87.8
88.8
86.8
88.7
87.9
89.5
83.2
86.9
78.4
60.3
70.8
48.4
12.1
18.4
11.9
5.7

8,134
294
69
225
928
6,045
2,555
1,246
1,309
2,144
1,157
987
1,346
789
557
719
448
271
148
84
41
23

192
7
3
4
9
125
42
17
25
46
22
23
37
19
17
30
13
17
22
16
4
2

7,941
287
66
221
919
5,920
2,512
1,228
1,284
2,098
1,135
964
1,309
769
540
689
435
254
126
68
36
22

946
155
72
83
207
541
278
160
118
187
115
71
77
40
37
34
21
13
9
3
2
3

10.4
34.6
51.3
27.0
18.2
8.2
9.8
11.4
8.3
8.0
9.1
6.8
5.4
4.8
6.2
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.5
3.6

3,874
862
537
325
399
981
394
177
217
298
175
124
288
124
164
496
193
303
1,136
386
318
432

15,489
1,340
664
676
1,736
8,978
3,751
1,813
1,938
3,175
1,727
1,448
2,052
1,110
941
1,556
813
742
1,880
630
476
774

8,832
435
144
291
1,057
6,499
2,632
1,228
1,404
2,415
1.321
1,093
1,452
847
605
688
404
284
153
112
19
22

57.0
32.5
21.7
43.0
60.9
72.4
70.2
67.7
72.5
76.0
76.5
75.5
70.8
76.3
64.3
44.2
49.7
38.2
8.1
17.7
4.1
2.8

7,760
271
84
187
806
5,875
2,272
1,019
1,253
2,247
1,226
1,021
1,356
791
565
663
394
269
145
106
19
20

35

7,726
271
84
187
801
5,848
2,257
1,016
1,241
2,240
1,225
1,015
1,350
785
565
661
394
267
144
106
19
20

1,072
164
61
103
251
624
361
209
151
167
95
72
96
56
40
25
10
14
8
5

12.1
37.7
42.0
35.6
23.7
9.6
13.7
17.1
10.8
6.9
7.2
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.7
3.6
2.6
5.1
5.1
4.7

6,657
905
520
385
679
2,478
1,119
585
533
761
406
355
599
263
336
868
409
459
1,727
518
457
752

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

0)

10,531
1,767
1,057
710
1,078
3,459
1,513
762
751
1,059
580
479
887
388
500
1,364
602
761
2,863
904
775
1,184

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12



5
27
14
2
12
7
2
6
6
6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

188,525
125,020
66.3
118,299
3,280
115,018
6,722
5.4
63,505

190,289
125,568
66.0
117,555
3,310
114,245
8,013
6.4
64,721

83,013
64,593
77.8
61,606
2,371
59,235
2,986
4.6
18,420

84,151
64,894
77.1
61,200
2,468
58,732
3,694
5.7
19,258

91,857
53,533
58.3
50,915
666
50,249
2,618
4.9
38,324

92,875
54,131
58.3
51,044
668
50,376
3,086
5.7
38,744

13,655
6,895
50.5
5,777
243
5,534
1,117
16.2
6,760

13,263
6,543
49.3
5,312
175
5,137
1,232
18.8
6,719

160,717
107,362
66.8
102,452
3,045
99,407
4,910
4.6
53,355

161,846
107,656
66.5
101,661
3,083
98,578
5,995
5.6
54,190

71,704
56,119
78.3
53,900
2,181
51,719
2,219
4.0
15,585

72,509
56,263
77.6
53,360
2,282
51,077
2,903
5.2
16,246

78,048
45,302
58.0
43,441
636
42,805
1,862
4.1
32,746

78,726
45,734
58.1
43,555
633
42,921
2,179
4.8
32,992

10,965
5,941
54.2
5,111
228
4,883
829
14.0
5,024

10,611
5,660
53.3
4,747
168
4,579
912
16.1
4,952

21,383
13,497
63.1
11,957
146
11,812
1,539
11.4
7,887

21,714
13,560
62.5
11,868
157
11,711
1,692
12.5
8,153

8,551
6,339
74.1
5,670
122
5,548
668
10.5
2,212

8,732
6,377
73.0
5,720
138
5,582
658
10.3
2,355

10,703
6,389
59.7
5,762
15
5,747
628
9.8
4,313

10,896
6,499
59.6
5,732
13
5,718
768
11.8
4,396

2,130
768
36.1
526
9
517
243
31.6
1,361

2,086
684
32.8
417
6
411
267
39.0
1,402

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,449
10,094
5,356

7,583
4,278
3,305

49.1
42.4
61.7

6,587
3,564
3,023

1,244
267
977

5,343
3,297
2,046

996
714
282

144
63
82

852
651
200

13.1
16.7
8.5

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.

7,223
8,226
6,982
1,244

2,791
4,792
3,657
1,135

38.6
58.3
52.4
91.3

2,233
4,354
3,287
1,067

120
1,124
451
673

2,113
3,230
2,836
394

557
439
370

56
88
53
35

501
351
317
34

20.0
9.2
10.1
6.1

Men, 16 to 24 years...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,808
5,123
2,685

3,694
2,085
1,609

47.3
40.7
59.9

3,187
1,719
1,468

633
137
495

2.554
1,582
973

507
366
140

86
38
49

420
329
92

13.7
17.6
8.7

High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .

3,837
3,971
3,399
572

1,459
2,235
1,708
527

38.0
56.3
50.3
92.0

1,157
2,030
1,541
490

67
566
258
308

1,090
1,465
1,282
182

302
204
168
37

36
50
27
23

266
154
140
14

20.7
9.1
9.8
7.0

7,641
4,970
2,670

3,890
2,193
1,697

50.9
44.1
63.5

3,400
1,845
1,555

612
130
482

2,789
1,716
1,073

490
348
142

58
25
33

432
323
109

12.6
15.9
8.4

3,386
4,255
3,583
672

1,332
2,558
1,949
609

39.3
60.1
54.4
90.6

1,077
2,323
1,746
577

54
558
193
365

1,023
1,765
1,554
212

255
234
203
32

20
38
26
12

235
196
177
20

19.2
9.2
10.4
5.2

12,470
8,076
4,394

6,588
3,761
2,827

52.8
46.6
64.3

5,829
3,215
2,614

1,111
250
861

4,718
2,965
1,753

759
546
214

97
42
55

662
503
159

11.5
14.5
7.6

Men
Women .

6,280
6,191

3,202
3,386

51.0
54.7

2,810
3,019

566
545

2,243
2,474

392
367

63
34

329
333

12.3
10.8

High school
College
Full-time students ....
Part-time students....

5,605
6,866
5,794
1,072

2,412
4,176
3,183
993

43.0
60.8
54.9
92.7

1,997
3,832
2,893
939

108
1,004
396
608

1,889
2,829
2,498
331

415
344
290
54

36
62
36
26

380
283
254
28

17.2
8.2
9.1
5.5

2,105
1,529
576

652
370
282

30.9
24.2
48.9

469
240
229

386
228
158

183
130
53

42
17
25

141
113
28

28.0
35.1
18.7

Men
Women .

1,062
1,043

316
335

29.8
32.2

233
236

195
191

83

21
21

63
78

26.4
29.6

High school
College
Full-time students ...
Part-time students...

1,267
838
729
109

278
374
286
88

21.9
44.6
39.2
80.6

167
302
228
74

156
229
197
33

110
72
58
14

17
25
15
10

93
47
44
4

39.8
19.3
20.4
15.7

1,272
924
349

560
329
231

44.0
35.6
66.3

448
234
214

360
213
148

112
95
17

17
14
4

95
82
13

20.0
29.0
7.3

Men
Women .

601
671

265
295

44.1
44.0

207
241

166
195

58
54

12
5

46
49

21.9
18.4

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.

755
517
392
124

219
341
233
108

29.0
66.0
59.5
86.6

136
312
211
101

124
237
187
50

83
29
22
7

17
29
22
7

37.9
8.6
9.6
6.3

Women, 16 to 24 years ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .
White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,723
3,169
12,554

12,605
2,265
10,339

80.2
71.5
82.4

10,899
1,748
9,151

9,061
1,190
7,872

1,838
558
1,280

1,706
518
1,188

1,524
452
1,071

182
65
117

13.5
22.9
11.5

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,938
7,776
2,581
1,428

2,486
6,418
2,359
1,342

63.1
82.5
91.4
94.0

1,881
5,626
2,167
1,225

1,518
4,557
1,866
1,121

363
1,069
301
104

605
792
192
118

552
704
158
109

52
88
33
8

24.3
12.3
8.1
8.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
20 to 24 years

7,600
1,555
6,044

6,840
1,276
5,564

90.0
82.0
92.1

5,912
1,002
4,910

5,151
734
4,417

761
268
492

928
273
654

873
259
614

55
14
40

13.6
21.4
11.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

2,021
3,855
1,153
570

1,649
3,540
1,096
554

81.6
91.8
95.0
97.1

1,290
3,109
1,016
497

1,104
2,669
915
463

186
440
101
34

360
431
80
56

349
408
63
53

10
23
18
4

21.8
12.2
7.3
10.2

8,124
1,614
6,510

5,765
990
4,775

71.0
61.3
73.4

4,987
745
4,242

3,910
456
3,454

1,077
290
787

778
244
534

651
193
457

127
51
76

13.5
24.7
11.2

1,918

43.6
73.4
88.4
91.9

591
2,517
1,151

858

836
2,877
1,262
789

728

414
1,888
951
657

177
629
200
70

245
361
111
61

203
296
95
56

42
65
16
5

29.3
12.5
8.8
7.8

12,781
2,535
10,246

10,524
1,898
8,626

82.3
74.9
84.2

9,358
1,532
7,827

7,840
1,046
6,794

1,518
486
1,032

1,166
367
799

1,049
325
724

117
42
75

11.1
19.3
9.3

Men
Women

6,282
6,499

5,747
4,777

91.5
73.5

5,067
4,291

4,475
3,365

592
926

680
486

638
410

41
76

11.8
10.2

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,199
6,137
2,173
1,272

2,101
5,220
2,000
1,203

65.7
85.1
92.0
94.6

1,658
4,716
1,878
1,106

1,353
3,860
1,616
1,011

305
856
262
95

443
504
121
97

404
457
99
89

40
47
22
8

21.1
9.7
6.1
8.1

2,444
556
1,888

1,702
314
1,388

69.6
56.4
73.5

1,232
177
1,055

949
116
832

283
60
223

470
137
333

412
115
297

57
22
36

27.6
43.7
24.0

Men
Women

1,102
1,342

906
796

82.2
59.3

687
545

530
418

157
127

219
251

206
207

13
45

24.1
31.6

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

642
1,403

321

1,024

313
86

278
78

50.1
73.0
88.7
91.0

176
758
230
68

121
569
198
60

54
189
32
8

146
266
48
10

135
229
38
10

11
37
10

45.4
26.0
17.1
12.9

2,255
544
1,711

1,662
370
1,292

73.7
68.0
75.5

1,427
297
1,130

1,204
228
976

223
69
154

235
73
162

217
63
154

18
10
8

14.1
19.7
12.5

Men
Women

1,238
1,016

1,112
549

89.8
54.1

966
461

835
369

131
92

146
89

144
73

2
15

13.2
16.1

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,266

850

111
175
36

631

67.1
81.2
84.3

708
562
127
30

609
453
113
29

98
109
15
1

142
69
20
3

138
60
17
3

5
9
4

16.8
10.9
13.7

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

16 to 19 years

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,921
1,428

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

147
33

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Employed

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over

7,680
6,501
1,339
3,245
1,917
1,179

7,810
6,424
1,090
2,993
2,341
1,386

6,980
6,156
1,253
3,085
1,818
824

7,076
6,060
1,019
2,836
2,205
1,016

6,718
5,924
1,172
3,001
1,752
794

6,745
5,761
956
2,673
2,132
984

262
232
81
84
66
30

331
298
62
163
73
32

3.8
3.8
6.5
2.7
3.7
3.7

4.7
4.9
6.1
5.8
3.3
3.2

17,725
8,133
5,400
4,192

18,702
8,545
5,897
4,261

16,652
7,764
5,018
3,870

17,440
8,031
5,505
3,904

16,052
7,460
4,836
3,755

16,643
7,642
5,271
3,730

600
303
182
115

797
388
234
174

3.6
3.9
3.6
3.0

4.6
4.8
4.3
4.5

NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16



are limited to those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
October 1991
Employed

Unemployed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

96,770
1,456
133
1,323
95,313
8,849
86,464
75,536
10,928

94,643
1,383
125
1,258
93,260
8,590
84,670
73,962
10,707

2,127
74
8
66
2,053
259
1,795
1,574
221

20,785
3,855
1,899
1,956
16,930
3,325
13,605
9,764
3,840

17,022
3,533
1,859
1,674
13,489
2,659
10,829
7,391
3,438

3,764
322
40
282
3,441
666
2,775
2,373
402

6,410
515
96
419
5,895
1,153
4,742
4,332
410

1,603
717
453
264
886
317
569
451
118

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

57,082
871
56,211
4,913
51,298
44,493
6,805

55,746
818
54,928
4,736
50,192
43,522
6,670

1,336
54
1,283
177
1,106
971
135

6,839
1,850
4,989
1,465
3,524
2,004
1,520

5,273
1,684
3,589
1,161
2,429
1,069
1,360

1,565
166
1,400
305
1,095
935
160

3,727
297
3,430
663
2,767
2,501
266

607
343
264
132
133
80
53

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,688
585
39,103
3,936
35,166
31,043
4,124

38,897
565
38,332
3,854
34,478
30,440
4,037

791
20
771
82
689
603
86

13,947
2,005
11,941
1,860
10,081
7,761
2,320

11,748
1,849
9,899
1,499
8,401
6,322
2,079

2,198
156
2,042
361
1,680
1,439
242

2,683
218
2,465
490
1,975
1,831
144

995
374
621
185
436
371
65

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

49,967
778
49,189
4,264
44,925
38,847
6,078

48,844
736
48,108
4,109
43,999
38,040
5,959

1,123
42
1,081
155
926
807
119

5,820
1,650
4,171
1,186
2,985
1,605
1,379

4,620
1,512
3,108
981
2,127
879
1,248

1,200
137
1,063
204
858
727
131

2,916
225
2,691
477
2,215
1,983
232

472
260
212
111
101
56
45

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,431
519
32,912
3,391
29,521
25,956
3,565

32,828
504
32,324
3,329
28,995
25,488
3,507

603
15
588
62
526
468
58

12,444
1,801
10,643
1,599
9,043
6,972
2,071

10,619
1,661
8,958
1,303
7,655
5,770
1,885

1,825
140
1,685
296
1,388
1,202
186

1,846
143
1,703
302
1,401
1,275
126

761
286
476
123
353
302
51

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,198
80
5,118
488
4,629
4,103
527

5,026
68
4,958
470
4,488
3,974
514

172
12
160
18
142
129
13

752
150
602
201
401
291
110

437
125
313
104
208
120
89

315
26
289
97
193
171
21

681
64
617
163
454
427
28

101
60
41
15
25
19
7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

4,846
49
4,797
415
4,382
3,967
415

4,687
43
4,643
398
4,246
3,859
387

159
5
153
17
136
108
29

1,072
138
935
180
755
559
195

748
126
622
120
502
351
152

324
12
312
60
253
209
44

723
68
655
160
495
481
15

187
75
113
48
65
56
9

White

Black

55 years and over

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)

October 1991
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

100,009

66.4

93,642

6,367

6.4

50,548

20,930

8,203

2,584

18,831

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,997
26,777
1,179
12,041

77.5
91.2
92.0
57.3

38,599
25,912
1,027
11,660

1,398
865
152
381

3.5
3.2
12.9
3.2

11,642
2,579
103
8,960

213
95
1
117

188
111
6
71

1,015
420
20
574

10,225
1,952
75
8,198

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

30,637
26,938
1,017
2,681

59.3
69.8
72.8
23.0

29,355
25,912
865
2,579

1,281
1,027
152
103

4.2
3.8
15.0
3.8

21,002
11,660
381
8,960

15,912
10,019
315
5,578

382
319
19
44

439
179
14
246

4,268
1,143
32
3,093

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,392
4,154
4,529
3,709

61.6
48.7
74.3
67.7

10,884
3,509
4,033
3,342

1,507
644
496
367

12.2
15.5
10.9
9.9

7,709
4,376
1,562
1,771

688
127
122
439

5,378
4,029
1,193
156

350
10
26
314

1,292
210
222
860

Women who maintain families

7,177

61.7

6,488

690

9.6

4,459

2,906

264

272

1,018

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,728
1,284
1,605
2,838

58.8
44.7
71.2
61.5

4,685
930
1,298
2,457

1,042
354
307
381

18.2
27.6
19.1
13.4

4,011
1,588
649
1,774

807
106
165
536

1,672
1,297
280
95

342
11
26
305

1,191
173
178
840

Men who maintain families

2,307

76.4

2,092

215

9.3

713

49

45

85

534

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,772
268
465
1,037

63.6
56.1
75.7
61.3

1,538
207
399
932

233
61
67
105

13.2
22.9
14.4
10.1

1,013
209
149
655

355
20
31
304

274
174
83
17

81

302
15
29
258

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18



7
74

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

4,334
1,564
606
2,164

5.3
3.1
6.1
9.9

6.3
3.7
8.2
11.7

3,122
1,222
691

3,678

1,209

3,388
1,310
480

4.5
2.8
5.7
8.3

5.7
3.5
7.8
10.5

11.7
6.5
8.9

11.6
5.9
11.3

19.4

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,600
1,335
451
1,814

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,687

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

790
207
90
493

782
188
114
480

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,348
1,237
426
684

2,900
1,457
574

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




Women
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

1,499

5.5
3.9
6.1
8.6

6.4
4.4
6.8
10.7

2,223
1,013
483
727

2,607
1,151
556
900

4.6
3.6
5.3
6.6

5.4
4.1
5.9
8.2

911
181
202
528

11.1
5.6
9.8

13.3
7.5
10.4

19.1

749
134
189
426

17.5

21.4

868

4.1
3.0
5.9
7.4

5.0
3.6
8.0
9.1

2,023
1,020
636
367

2,411
1,204
735
472

4.3
3.5
5.8
5.5

5.1
4.0
6.5
7.1

1,757
1,009
331
418

2,316
1,216
458
641

3.5
2.8
5.5
5.6

4.6
3.3
7.7
8.2

1,482
858
442
182

1,754
1,005
511
238

3.7
3.3
5.0
3.7

4.4
3.8
5.6
4.8

510

480
177
107
196

9.3
5.9

8.7
5.6
10.9
14.0

446
99
177
171

560
156
186
218

8.0
4.4

9.8
6.8
9.9
14.4

1,077
350
1,259

182
85
243

1,598

8.6
17.2

1,383

796

9.4
11.9

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates
Total

Men

Women

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

8,013

5.4

6.4

5.3

6.3

5.5

6.4

707
386
321

919
516
402

2.2
2.5
2.0

2.9
3.3
2.4

2.2
2.4
2.1

2.7
2.8
2.5

2.2
2.8
1.8

3.1
4.1
2.3

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,634
104
701
829

1,928
129
816
984

4.3
2.7
4.7
4.3

5.1
3.2
5.5
5.1

3.6
3.0
3.3
4.5

4.3
4.1
3.9
5.2

4.6
2.3
6.2
4.2

5.5
2.3
7.0
5.1

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,103
32
88
984

1,314
57
93

7.6
6.7
4.5
8.1

6.6

8.3

O

O

1,163

6.5
4.0
4.4
7.0

4.4
9.5

6.5
3.9
6.7
6.7

7.2
6.1
5.1
7.3

808
163
468
177

988
222
561
205

5.6
3.5
8.3
4.3

6.9
4.7
10.6
4.8

5.5
3.5
8.2
3.8

7.0
4.7
10.5
4.7

6.4
4.0
14.1
6.0

6.2
6.9
16.1
5.3

1,574
724
258
592
167
426

1,690
796
269
625
140
485

8.0
8.1
4.9
10.8
18.3

8.8
9.1
5.0
12.3
16.3

8.3
8.0
5.2
12.1

9.5
10.4
2.2
9.6

10.5
10.8
3.5
13.0

16.3

9.3

11.4

7.5
6.6
5.1
11.0
17.8
9.4

0

Farming, forestry, and fishing

186

271

5.1

7.2

5.3

6.8

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

688
420
130
138

852
543
156
152

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

6,722

3.9
7.5

11.0

O

8.8

13.0

4.1

9.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total

IJnemployment rates
Men

Total

Women

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

8,013

5.4

6.4

5.3

6.3

5.5

6.4

5,179

6,066

5.6

6.6

5.6

6.6

5.5

6.5

26
659

49
780

3.6
10.6

6.6
13.3

3.3
10.5

7.5
13.3

5.3
11.3

2.0
12.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,182
692
48
32
18
42
55
114
149
129
75
54
40
65
490
109
45
112
28
74
47
51
25

1,376
839
46
72
47
67
75
146
127
164
95
69
36
59
537
157
36
105
20
100
51
46
21

5.5
5.4
6.4
4.3
2.9
5.0
4.3
4.5
6.8
5.0
6.4
3.8
5.3
11.6
5.5
5.7
5.9
9.6
3.6
4.0
3.5
6.8
6.9

6.5
6.8
6.5
9.9
7.3
7.8
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.6
8.0
5.4
4.4
11.1
6.1
9.0
4.9
9.3
2.6
5.6
3.5
5.8
5.3

4.6
4.6
5.6
4.7
2.2
4.9
4.1
3.9
5.2
4.3
4.5
4.0
3.6
12.3
4.5
4.8
5.1
9.3
2.5
4.2
2.8
5.3
6.7

5.7
6.2
5.9
9.1
7.4
8.3
6.2
5.7
4.5
5.9
7.0
4.9
4.2
9.1
4.9
7.3
4.1
9.8
2.1
3.2
3.6
5.5
6.3

7.2
7.5
11.6
3.2
5.5
6.3
5.1
6.2
9.2
7.8
13.3
3.2
7.7
10.2
7.0
7.5
6.7
9.7
7.3
3.8
5.1
9.3
7.2

8.0
8.2
10.4
11.9
7.1
4.9
5.9
7.5
8.2
9.4
11.3
7.5
4.6
13.8
7.7
12.1
5.6
9.2
4.1
8.5
3.5
6.4
4.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

242
182
60
1,533
191
1,342
235
1,303
496
807

289
207
82
1,769
265
1,504
292
1,511
540
972

3.7
4.6
2.3
6.4
4.2
6.9
3.2
4.9
3.3
7.1

4.4
5.3
3.0
7.4
5.7
7.8
4.1
5.6
3.5
8.4

3.8
4.8
2.2
5.9
3.6
6.6
3.4
5.5
3.3
7.1

4.1
5.2
2.1
6.8
5.6
7.2
3.7
5.9
3.5
7.8

3.3
4.1
2.5
7.0
5.7
7.2
3.1
4.6
3.2
7.1

5.1
5.7
4.5
8.0
5.9
8.3
4.3
5.4
3.5
9.0

147
707
688

203
892
852

7.6
2.4
_

10.6
2.9
_

7.3
2.3
_

9.2
3.0
_

8.4
2.6
_

15.1
2.9
_

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

6,722

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Men,
20 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Oct.
1991

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

6,722
3,109
808
2,301
1,030
1,957
625

8,013
4,070
904
3,167
1,036
2,139
767

2,986
1,894
509
1,385
401
609
82

3,694
2,505
603
1,903
425
673
91

2,618
991
245
746
448
1,017
162

3,086
1,324
267
1,057
443
1,138
181

1,117
224
54
170
181
331
382

100.0
46.3
12.0
34.2
15.3
29.1
9.3

100.0
50.8
11.3
39.5
12.9
26.7
9.6

100.0
63.4
17.0
46.4
13.4
20.4
2.7

100.0
67.8
16.3
51.5
11.5
18.2
2.5

100.0
37.9
9.4
28.5
17.1
38.8
6.2

100.0
42.9
8.7
34.2
14.4
36.9
5.9

2.5
.8
1.6
.5

3.2
.8
1.7
.6

2.9
.6
.9
.1

3.9
.7
1.0
.1

1.9
.8
1.9
.3

2.4
.8
2.1
.3

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

White

Black

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

1,232
241
34
207
168
328
495

4,910
2,287
659
1,628
833
1,392
398

5,995
3,119
764
2,355
831
1,550
494

1,539
719
127
592
147
489
183

1,692
821
126
696
178
477
216

100.0
20.0
4.8
15.2
16.2
29.6
34.2

100.0
19.5
2.7
16.8
13.7
26.6
40.2

100.0
46.6
13.4
33.2
17.0
28.3
8.1

100.0
52.0
12.7
39.3
13.9
25.9
8.2

100.0
46.7
8.3
38.5
9.6
31.8
11.9

100.0
48.5
7.4
41.1
10.5
28.2
12.8

3.2
2.6
4.8
5.5

3.7
2.6
5.0
7.6

2.1
.8
1.3
.4

2.9
.8
1.4
.5

5.3
1.1
3.6
1.4

6.1
1.3
3.5
1.6

Oct.
1991

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
October 1991
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

39.6

4,070
904
3,167
1,036
2,139
767

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,694

Thousands
of persons

Percent

8,013

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

32.1

28.2

15.1

13.2

34.2
52.2
29.1
39.5
47.7
46.0

30.3
27.4
31.2
40.7
30.9
33.5

35.5
20.4
39.8
19.8
21.3
20.5

17.8
12.9
19.3
10.1
12.5
14.1

17.6
7.5
20.5
9.7
8.8
6.4

100.0

34.9

30.4

34.7

16.4

18.3

2,505
603
1,903
425
673
91

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.0
52.7
28.0
36.6
39.8
16.8

29.1
25.9
30.1
38.4
28.7
42.4

37.0
21.4
41.9
25.0
31.5
40.8

16.7
11.5
18.4
10.1
18.7
19.3

20.2
9.9
23.5
14.9
12.7
21.4

3,086

100.0

41.1

33.0

26.0

14.8

11.2

1,324
267
1,057
443
1,138
181

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

31.6
48.0
27.5
41.9
50.2
50.8

32.3
32.1
32.4
40.3
31.2
31.0

36.1
19.9
40.1
17.9
18.6
18.2

20.8
16.8
21.8
11.4
10.1
9.0

15.3
3.1
18.4
6.5
8.5
9.2

1,232

100.0

50.2

35.2

14.6

11.7

2.8

241
34
207
168
328
495

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

50.7

32.7

16.6

13.3

3.4

0

0

0

0

0

35.1
47.6
34.5
32.8

18.3
11.8
9.8
17.6

14.4
6.8
8.2
15.0

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

46.6
40.6
55.6
49.6

3.9
5.0
1.7
2.6

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks . ..
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

6,722

8,013

100.0

100.0

5,324

6,410

100.0

100.0

3,073
2,229
1,664
564
1,420
767
653
278
374

3,175
2,575
1,866
709
2,263
1,208
1,055
535
520

45.7
33.2
24.8
8.4
21.1
11.4
9.7
4.1
5.6

39.6
32.1
23.3
8.8
28.2
15.1
13.2
6.7
6.5

2,245
1,782
1,295
488
1,297
695
602
270
332

2,319
2,078
1,458
620
2,013
1,061
952
485
467

42.2
33.5
24.3
9.2
24.4
13.1
11.3
5.1
6.2

36.2
32.4
22.7
9.7
31.4
16.6
14.8
7.6
7.3

11.8
5.4

14.1
6.8

13.0
6.3

15.3
8.0

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

October 1991

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

8,013
1,232
1,470
2,306
1,538
938
429
99

3,175
618
689
917
508
301
107
34

2,575
434
481
784
498
257
106
16

1,208
145
204
322
264
176
84
13

1,055
35
96
284
269
204
131
37

14.1
7.8
10.5
13.4
16.8
19.4
23.3
25.6

6.8
4.5
5.0
6.9
8.8
10.7
14.7
14.7

45.7
56.3
50.6
44.1
40.0
41.8
37.1
34.7

39.6
50.2
46.9
39.8
33.0
32.1
25.0
33.9

21.1
9.9
13.1
22.0
28.4
28.4
31.3
41.5

28.2
14.6
20.4
26.3
34.6
40.5
50.3
50.3

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,334
640
795
1,191
896
493
263
56

1,588
298
356
431
283
136
67
17

1,359
236
260
405
266
127
64
2

689
83
112
184
166
91
39
13

698
22
67
172
181
139
93
23

15.8
8.3
12.0
14.8
18.3
23.4
25.5

7.8
5.1
5.4
8.0
9.6
13.3
14.7

43.0
54.4
46.9
41.5
37.3
38.5
37.6

36.6
46.6
44.8
36.1
31.6
27.5
25.6

24.4
8.3
15.0
25.4
32.5
35.0
36.4

32.0
16.5
22.5
29.9
38.8
46.7
50.2

O

O

0

O

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,678
592
676
1,115
642
445
166
43

1,587
320
334
486
225
166
40
16

1,216
198
221
379
232
129
42
14

518
61
92
138
97
85
45

357
12
29
111
88
64
38
13

11.9
7.2
8.8
11.9
14.8
15.1
19.8

5.9
4.2
4.6
5.9
8.0
8.4
14.6

48.9
58.6
54.6
46.8
43.2
45.6
36.2

43.1
54.0
49.4
43.6
35.0
37.3
24.2

17.4
11.9
11.0
18.3
23.7
20.9
22.4

23.8
12.4
17.9
22.4
28.8
33.7
50.3

O

O

O

O

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

5,995
3,388
2,607

2,376
1,240
1,136

1,923
1,066
856

904
537
367

792
544
248

14.0
15.7
11.8

6.8
7.8
5.9

46.7
44.5
49.3

39.6
36.6
43.6

20.9
24.3
16.8

28.3
31.9
23.6

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,692
782
911

654
280
375

550
243
307

253
125
128

235
135
100

14.8
17.3
12.7

7.0
8.1
6.2

42.8
38.6
47.1

38.7
35.8
41.2

22.2
25.2
19.0

28.8
33.2
25.1

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,564
606
2,164

528
188
872

444
172
742

261
116
313

331
129
238

18.1
19.7
13.1

9.3
10.2
6.2

38.7
41.5
46.4

33.8
31.0
40.3

28.5
30.6
19.7

37.9
40.4
25.4

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,383
796
1,499

590
280
717

455
277
484

187
136
195

152
104
102

12.3
14.2
10.4

6.1
8.0
4.9

48.0
45.9
51.6

42.7
35.2
47.8

19.9
16.8
15.1

24.5
30.0
19.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24



0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks

Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
1990 1991 1990 1991

October 1991
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

919
1,928
1,314
988
1,690
271

262
725
576
383
663
150

323
630
462
282
496
86

167
326
147
178
240
18

166
247
129
145
291
17

17.6
13.8
12.1
14.9
15.9
9.5

9.1
7.7
5.6
7.0
7.0
4.1

38.2
43.8
47.9
46.8
46.4
55.4

28.5
37.6
43.8
38.8
39.2
55.4

29.3
21.7
17.1
20.4
22.2
17.2

36.2
29.7
21.0
32.7
31.4
12.9

203
798
1,387
847
540
327
1,778
2,154
207

121
318
498
283
216
131
754
756
78

52
237
412
247
165
100
620
743
48

13
131
223
152
70
34
230
354
54

17
113
255
165
89
61
174
300
27

9.4
14.1
17.0
17.9
15.8
15.6
11.9
15.0
14.9

3.8
6.4
8.8
9.4
7.7
7.0
6.2
7.4
8.9

55.1
48.5
42.1
39.7
45.6
43.2
49.2
42.8
47.1

59.6
39.8
35.9
33.4
40.0
40.1
42.4
35.1
37.7

15.6
14.6
25.2
27.7
21.6
26.3
17.6
24.0
24.1

14.8
30.6
34.4
37.4
29.6
29.1
22.7
30.4
39.1

852

389

289

117

56

11.0

5.4

50.3

45.7

16.6

20.3

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
October 1991
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

Other

72.6
76.0
71.2
74.4
70.8
70.4
68.4
66.2

40.6
26.1
40.1
43.9
44.6
44.5
48.2
41.6

19.8
14.4
18.1
22.0
20.4
24.9
19.3
17.6

6.4
4.7
5.9
6.2
7.0
8.3
8.4
10.1

1.70
1.34
1.64
1.81
1.82
1.86
1.75
1.60

73.2
74.3
76.6
74.8
72.9
66.8
64.8

38.1
25.1
31.5
43.4
41.9
43.8
50.8
O

22.7
16.6
20.1
27.7
22.0
29.0
16.4

8.4

1.76
1.38
1.66
1.91
1.90
1.93
1.74

71.9
77.9
65.3
74.1
68.3
74.1
73.7

43.3
27.2
49.8
44.5
47.8
45.1
44.4

16.7
12.1
15.9
16.6
18.5
20.6
23.6

8,013
1,232
1,470
2,306
1,538
938
429
99

6,997
1,174
1,323
1,991
1,280
783
360
86

22.1
10.5
20.1
25.3
28.4
25.9
20.3
15.9

4,334
640
795
1,191
896
493
263
56

3,655
610
697
977
706
402
214
49

24.5
12.0
21.0
27.4
32.5
30.5
21.5
O

9.1
4.0
9.0
10.2
12.1
9.6

3,678
592
676
1,115
642
445
166
43

3,342
563
626
1,014
573
381
146
37

19.4
8.8
19.0
23.2
23.4
21.0
18.7

8.3
.8
8.3
8.6

White, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

5,995
3,388
2,607

5,124
2,794
2,330

20.3
23.2
16.8

8.7
9.0
8.3

74.1
74.6
73.4

42.8
39.4
46.8

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,692
782
911

1,562
705
857

28.4
31.3
26.0

9.2
9.6
8.8

70.5
71.5
69.6

32.4
31.5
33.2

Total, 16 years and over ....

16 to 19 years
20
25
35
45
55
65

to 24
to 34
to 44
to 54
to 64
years

years
years
years
years
years
and over

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
20
25
35
45
55
65

to 24
to 34
to 44
to 54
to 64
years

years
years
years
years
years
and over

9.4
11.0
12.4
10.0
8.7

9.3

0

9.7
15.4
10.9

0

0

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

A-20.

8.7
2.4
8.7

Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

0

6.1
7.6
7.4
8.8
12.9
10.9
O
4.3
3.1
4.0
5.1
4.8
3.4
4.9

1.64
1.30
1.62
1.72
1.72
1.80
1.76

19.6
21.4
17.6

6.9
9.2
4.1

1.72
1.77
1.67

19.4
26.4
13.7

5.3
5.5
5.2

1.65
1.76
1.56

0

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
October 1991
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Average
number of
methods
used

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

40.6
43.4
43.6
40.5
25.2

19.8
24.6
16.9
15.6
16.0

6.4
5.9
5.5
8.3
4.9

1.70
1.85
1.70
1.59
1.41

Other

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

8,013
4,070
1,036
2,139
767

6,997
3,125
1,007
2,103
762

22.1
27.7
19.4
17.6
14.9

8.7
10.6
10.0
6.6
5.5

72.6
72.8
74.4
70.6
74.4

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,334
2,663
504
828
339

3,655
2,012
488
818
337

24.5
29.1
20.8
19.0
16.2

9.1
10.8
8.4
5.7
8.8

73.2
72.5
81.2
71.4
70.1

38.1
40.9
44.0
34.2
22.4

22.7
25.3
19.0
19.3
20.8

8.4
7.5
4.9
13.4
6.9

1.76
1.86
1.78
1.63
1.45

Women, 16 years and over.
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,678
1,407
532
1,311

3,342
1,112
519
1,285
426

19.4
25.3
18.1
16.7
13.8

8.3
10.2
11.5
7.2
2.9

71.9
73.5
68.0
70.1
77.9

43.3
48.0
43.4
44.5
27.4

16.7
23.5
14.9
13.2
12.1

4.3
2.9
6.1
5.1
3.3

1.64
1.84
1.62
1.57
1.37

428

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26



30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Industry and age

Men

Women

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

118,299
5,777
2,085

117,555
5,312
2,032
3,280

64,596

63,921
2,721
1,015
1,706
6,378
46,497

53,702
2,787
1,004
1,783
5,995

53,635
2,591
1,017
1,573
5,796
38,804

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,280
243
108
135
394
1,922
800
679
443
426
226
200
295

3,310
175
90

115,018
5,534
1,976

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




3,692
12,516
84,987
33,850
31,078

20,059
11,619
6,946
4,672
3,400

3,558

12,122
83,065
33,051
30,399
19,615

11,192
6,720
4,472
3,105

12,175
85,301

2,990
1,081
1,909
6,521
46,548
18,806

11,066
6,412
3,799
2,614

38,439
15,044
14,265
9,130
4,988
3,025
1,963

1,912

1,493

1,494

309
2,032
882
703
447
468
236
232
326

2,582
210
101
110
337
1,445
620
502
324
338
180
158
251

2,619
151
75
76
256
1,555
708
513
334
382
192

698
33
8
25
57
477
180
177
120

692
24
15
8
53
477
174
189
114
86
45
41
52

114,245
5,137
1,942
3,195

62,015
2,780
980
1,800

61,302
2,570

11,865
83,268
32,198

6,184

45,103

6,122
44,942

18,187

17,674

16,311
10,605
6,293
3,741
2,551
1,656

16,535
10,732
6,030
3,607
2,423
1,638

33,081
31,716
20,504
11,362
6,739
4,623
3,406

84

31,013
20,057
10,894
6,503

4,391
3,080

16,813
10,929
6,631

3,921
2,710
1,907

18,382
17,049

190
274

940
1,630

88
46
42
43

53,004
2,754
996
1,758
5,938

37,962
14,864
14,088
9,010

14,698

14,667
9,438

4,950
2,940
2,009

52,943
2,567

1,002
1,565
5,743
38,326
14,524
14,477

2,979

9,325
4,864
2,896

1,921
1,450

1,442

4,900

1,968

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total

Occupation

16 years
and over
Oct.
1990

Total

Oct.
1991

16 years
and over
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Women
20 years
and over

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

20 years
and over

16 years
and over
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

118,299 117,555 64,596 63,921 61,606 61,200 53,702 53,635 50,915 51,044

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

30,879
14,792
536
10,510
3,746
16,087
1,868
871
387
897
2,263
836
4,186
818
3,963

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

36,518 36,168 12,891 12,767 12,264 12,188 23,627 23,401 22,148 21,958
3,819
3,846
1,951
1,960
1,936
1,919
1,868
1,887
1,847
1,867
1,351
1,420
261
261
229
228
1,121
1,117 1,146
1,159
1,209
1,140
884
933
905
912
276
235
269
232
1,260
1,285
788
793
791
779
471
492
461
489
14,055 14,070
7,098 7,178 6,749 6,815 6,957 6,891
6,040 5,977
3,797 3,726 2,436
2,446 2,420 2,424 1,361
1,330
1,258
1,279
2,456
2,425
1,409
1,395
1,386
1,372
1,070
992
1,016
1,056
1,641
1,609
1,270 1,267
1,261
1,273
367
336
338
362
6,099 6,239
2,028 1,660
1,972
1,709 4,127 4,211
3,264 3,344
62
72
30
25
31
25
47
32
47
29
18,644 18,252
3,842 3,629 3,596 3,437 14,802 14,623 14,261 14,115
822
356
335
355
331
766
467
431
462
431
801
294
238
279
235
715
507
478
488
457
4,552
87
70
82
65 4,465 4,353 4,376 4,236
4,423
189
192
182
183 2,174 2,109 2,120 2,078
2,362
2,301
631
569
609
556
982
940
351
371
333
359
2,286
2,226 2,088 2,066 6,838 6,881
9,125
9,106
6,484 6,553

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,758 15,954
111
793
1,926
1,996
13,055 13,165
5,413
5,503
2,152
2,209
3,067 2,935
2,423 2,518

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,625 13,244 12,524 12,100
4,330 4,307
4,478 4,459
5,099 4,649
5,182
4,719
3,096 3,144
3,965 4,066

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28



31,268 16,714 16,720 16,636 16,636 14,165 14,548 14,051 14,443
14,902 8,898 8,792 8,857 8,755 5,894 6,110 5,851
6,072
582
344
369
368
343
191
213
191
213
6,692 6,585 6,653 6,557 3,818 3,836 3,792 3,799
10,421
1,862
1,838
1,830
3,899
1,861
1,884 2,061
1,867 2,060
7,928 7,779 7,881
16,365 7,816
8,271
8,438 8,201
8,371
1,690
1,824
1,726
1,727
1,690
142
134
142
132
847
522
552
522
552
349
295
348
292
457
284
335
334
283
103
122
102
121
859
712
700
700
712
185
159
185
156
314
344
344
2,474
315
1,948 2,130 1,946 2,127
874
500
495
492
491
336
378
321
369
1,077
1,090
1,081
4,136
1,072
3,109 3,046 3,079 3,018
654
659
659
795
654
164
136
136
164
2,062 2,003 2,030 1,936 2,038 1,913 2,021
2,026
4,100

6,148
25
1,621
4,502
2,216
201
1,687
398

6,317
36
1,690
4,591
2,258
269
1,656
408

5,461
30
1,656
3,774
1,629
255
1,544
346

9,610
753
305
8,553
3,197
1,951
1,380
2,025

9,637
757
307
8,574
3,245
1,939
1,279
2,110

8,671
642
288
7,742
2,661
1,864
1,309
1,907

8,748
652
293
7,802
2,710
1,875
1,233
1,985

12,279 11,881
4,260 4,230
4,961
4,551
3,058 3,099

1,101
149
83
869

1,144
152
70
922

1,071
145
80
846

1,133
152
70
910

18,084 17,446 13,454 13,078 12,575 12,298
4,925 4,785 4,776 4,668
8,158
7,913
6,583 6,458 3,973 3,879 3,852 3,791
3,596 3,443 2,550 2,419
2,474 2,366
1,423
1,460
1,425
2,986 3,016
1,378
1,576
1,454
877
951
906
925
5,013
5,056 4,558 4,598
4,449 4,484
3,659 3,853 3,262 3,445 3,175 3,347
1,354
1,203
1,296
1,153
1,274
1,137
4,913 4,477
3,971
3,695 3,349 3,146
742
717
688
722
658
651
4,171
3,760 3,249 3,007 2,691
2,494

4,630
3,234
2,609
1,046
1,563
625
455
397
57
942
20
922

4,368
3,128
2,580
1,024
1,556
548
458
408
50
782
30
753

4,440
3,147
2,548
1,024
1,524
599
447
390
57
846
16
830

4,244
3,071
2,533
1,013
1,520
538
447
397
50
727
29
698

569
235
334

537
216
321

533
228
304

518
216
301

3,434
1,223
2,212

3,475
1,293
2,183

2,865
988
1,877

2,939
1,077
1,862

5,237
23
1,587
3,627
1,538
189
1,547
353

2,617
970
1,647

2,736
1,064
1,672

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

118,299
100.0

117,555
100.0

64,596
100.0

63,921
100.0

53,702
100.0

53,635
100.0

26.1

25.9

26.2
13.8

26.4
11.0

12.4
20.0

6.9
4.2
4.2
2.9

26.6
12.7
13.9
30.8
3.3
12.0
15.5
13.6
.7
1.7
11.2
11.3
14.8
6.7
4.3
3.8
3.0

7.1
6.1
4.4

9.9
.1
2.6
7.2
18.9
20.5
7.5
7.2
5.8
4.6

15.4
44.0
3.5
13.0
27.6
17.9
1.4
.6
15.9
2.1
8.6
6.0
.8
1.8
1.1

27.1
11.4
15.7
43.6
3.5
12.8
27.3
18.0
1.4
.6
16.0
2.1
8.1
5.8
.9
1.5
1.0

102,452
100.0

101,661
100.0

56,545
100.0

55,787
100.0

45,907
100.0

45,874
100.0

27.1

27.7
13.3

27.0
14.5

27.2
14.4

27.2
11.4

28.2
12.0

14.4
31.0
3.2
12.4
15.4

12.4
20.1
3.1

12.8
20.0

3.1

15.8
45.2
3.4

11.6
5.4

11.7
5.3

13.5
28.3

12.5
.6

8.5
2.4
6.1
20.1

3.1

1.6
10.3
11.7
14.0
6.3
4.1
3.6
3.2

19.7
7.4
6.6
5.7
4.6

9.0
.1
2.5
6.4
19.5
19.4
7.1
6.8
5.4
4.8

16.6
1.1
.5
15.0
2.0
7.8
5.3
.8
1.7
1.2

16.2
44.4
3.4
13.3
27.7
16.7
1.3
.4

11,957
100.0

11,868
100.0

5,940
100.0

5,950
100.0

6,018
100.0

5,918
100.0

16.8
7.5
9.3
27.7
2.9
7.5
17.3

16.5
7.5
9.0

14.0
7.5
6.5
17.9
1.9
5.4

14.3
7.7
6.6
17.7
2.0
6.7
9.0

19.6
7.6
12.0

18.7
7.3

37.4
3.8
9.6
24.0

39.6

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support

Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.5
13.6

30.9
3.2
11.9
15.8
13.3
.7
1.6
11.0
11.5
15.3

13.8
12.1
20.0
3.0
11.0
5.9
9.5
2.5
7.0
19.4
20.8
7.6

3.1
11.2
5.7

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.1

13.9
31.3
3.2

12.4
15.7
12.1
.5
1.5
10.1
12.0
14.4
6.5
4.0
3.9

15.0
2.1
7.4
5.2
.8
1.4
1.1

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing




22.5
1.7
2.6
18.3
8.2
23.2
10.1
6.5
6.6
1.6

28.6
3.0
8.3

17.3
22.1
1.2
2.8
18.0
9.1
22.1
9.9
6.4
5.7
1.6

10.5
17.6

3.7
13.8
14.6
33.0
10.3
12.1
10.6
3.0

17.5
4.1
13.3
15.8

31.6
10.5

11.7
9.4
3.0

27.4
3.3
1.4
22.6
1.9
13.4
9.9
1.0
2.5
.3

11.5
3.9

10.0
25.7
26.8
2.5
1.5
22.8
2.4

12.5
9.3

1.1
2.0
.1

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
October 1991
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

SelfWage and
employed
salary
workers
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

104,849
5,088
1,918
3,170
11,555
30,168
28,178
17,867
9,519
5,725
3,794
2,473

1,020
150
87
63
132
153
206
145
140
69
71
94

18,401
271
63
208
1,146
4,233
6,122
4,114
2,120
1,288
832
394

85,428
4,668
1,768
2,899
10,277
25,782
21,850
13,608
7,258
4,368
2,891
1,985

9,169
43
19
24
292
1,987
2,789
2,125
1,344
764
580
589

227
6
5
1
18
43
46
65
31
14
17
18

1,717
129
62
67
243
586
356
189
142
77
65
72

1,479
21
7
14
58
276
334
242
316
154
162
232

115
24
21
4
8
21
13
16
10
5
5
23

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,372
2,545
932
1,613
5,945
16,422
14,748
9,348
5,111
3,099
2,012
1,252

144
38
22
16
21
40
17
13
10
9
1
7

8,474
103
18
85
490
2,014
2,784
1,840
1,043
612
431
200

46,753
2,404
892
1,512
5,434
14,368
11,947
7,496
4,058
2,478
1,580
1,045

5,895
22
6
16
172
1,243
1,783
1,381
915
506
408
380

36
4
3
1
5
9
5
3
4
2
3
6

1,339
113
55
58
199
453
255
134
116
61
55
68

1,244
22
7
14
50
250
258
199
264
130
134
201

36
16
12
4
7
5

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,477
2,543
986
1,557
5,610
13,746
13,430
8,519
4,408
2,626
1,782
1,221

876
112
65
47
111
113
189
133
130
61
70
87

9,926
168
45
123
656
2,219
3,338
2,274
1,078
676
402
194

38,675
2,264
877
1,387
4,843
11,414
9,902
6,112
3,200
1,890
1,311
940

3,275
21
13
8
120
744
1,007
744
430
258
172
209

191
2
2

378
16
7
9
44
132
101
54
26
16
10
4

235

79
8
8

8
27
76
43
51
24
27
31

1
15
12
16
9
4
4
17

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

30



13
34
41
62
26
12
14
13

1
6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
October 1991
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
1

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producoperHandlers, forestry,
Transportion,
ators,
equipment
and
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminisPrivate
cians
trative
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
including hold
specialty related
manasupport
clerical
gerial

3,310
724
7,132
20,447
11,963
8,484

78
108
997
2,423
1,429
994

86
68
129
1,747
1,135
611

8,170
24,315
4,748
19,567

1,029
2,065
537
1,528

456
462
73
389

7,654
40,087
1,022
39,065
26,329
5,716

2,025
4,894
2
4,893
2,724
1,283

186
12,391
11
12,380
11,024
842

16
17
90
720
266
454

113
80
341
2,349
1,305
1,044

16
7
30
306
169
137

25
263
4,080
3,875
2,749
1,126

23
23
78
6,458
3,443
3,016

84
108
538
738
388
349

12
29
780
1,027
493
534

2,817

278
320
161 10,063
37 1,934
123 8,129

2,179
2,356
760
1,596

251
4,605
31
4,573

1,183
1,453
343
1,111

147
295
107
188

1,853
1,097
547
550

457
1,720
369
1,351

18
38
10
28

1,894
920

2,877
6,479
15
6,463
4,826
1,479

257
8,311
89
8,222
4,752
1,379

135
1,940
13
1,927
425
289

24
828

23
558
9
548
272
57

17
389
19
370
70
47

57
375
68
308
86
46

40
22
49
701
494
208

159
2,210
5
2,205
1,772
227

920
158
30

793
793

828
220
37

20
104
93
11

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Paid absences
Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Unpaid absences

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991

Total, 16 years and over ...
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,600
2,208
1,278
69
22
1,023

4,432
2,113
1,236
19
13
1,052

4,475
2,159
1,249
57
21
989

4,366
2,088
1,220
15
13
1,030

2,318
1,531
548

2,181
1,482
471

1,626
404
610

1,654
391
668

239

228

612

596

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,311
1,192
633
485

2,219
1,149
611
459

2,213
1,157
606
450

2,166
1,128
598
439

1,222
866
263
94

1,158
833
235
89

683
177
286
221

672
164
304
204

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,289
1,017
645
628

2,213
964
625
624

2,262
1,002
643
618

2,201
960
622
619

1,096
666
285
145

1,023
649
236
138

942
228
324
391

982
227
363
392

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
October 1991
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

.....

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

....

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

113,124

3,245

109,878

100.0

100.0

100.0

26,632
775
4,699
13,498
7,660

857
40
178
417
222

25,775
735
4,521
13,081
7,438

23.5
.7
4.2
11.9
6.8

26.4
1.2
5.5
12.9
6.8

23.5
.7
4.1
11.9
6.8

86,491
7,542
44,682
34,267
11,803
12,580
9,885

2,388
145
704
1,539
226
358
954

84,104
7,397
43,978
32,729
11,577
12,222
8,930

76.5
6.7
39.5
30.3
10.4
11.1
8.7

73.6
4.5
21.7
47.4
7.0
11.0
29.4

76.5
6.7
40.0
29.8
10.5
11.1
8.1

39.5
44.1

45.9
53.9

39.3
43.8

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

26,632

6,963

19,669

25,775

6,769

19,006

5,891
3,218
41
155
61
2,416

2,127
1,870
41
155
61

3,764
1,348

5,639
3,022
38
153
62
2,363

2,029
1,775
38
153
62

3,610
1,247

20,741
13,186
1,645
1,636
133
5
96
1,784
2,257

4,836

4,740

1,505

1,784
752

20,136
12,798
1,619
1,614
112
5
95
1,739
2,155

1,471

1,739
684

22.7
20.9

25.0
26.1

21.4
19.3

22.7
21.0

24.9
26.2

21.5
19.3

2,028
5,633

1,007
2,680

1,021
2,953

1,936
5,501

959
2,640

977
2,861

2,416

1,645
1,453
133
5
96

15,905
13,186
183

2,363

1,619
1,439
112
5
95

15,396
12,798
175

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
or more
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

109,878

5,639

15,396

88,844

56,115

11,577

21,152

39.3

43.8

100,975

4,835

13,887

82,252

53,181

10,913

18,158

39.2

43.5

661

8

11

642

313

101

228

47.0

47.9

5,377

480

202

4,695

3,134

507

1,054

40.5

43.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,302
11,316
7,986

551
263
288

638
268
370

18,113
10,785
7,328

11,414
6,774
4,639

3,019
1,731
1,288

3,681
2,280
1,401

42.3
42.7
41.7

43.5
43.5
43.4

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,418
21,531
6,826

234
1,607
144

372
5,147
663

6,811
14,777
6,020

4,182
8,690
4,139

984
2,254
688

1,645
3,832
1,193

42.4
36.9
39.9

44.2
44.3
42.5

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

34,410
995
33,414
5,449

1,751
178
1,573
60

6,600
419
6,180
254

26,059
398
25,661
5,136

17,445
298
17,147
3,866

2,851
27
2,824
510

5,764
73
5,691
760

37.5
25.6
37.9
40.8

43.3
42.2
43.3
42.0

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,677
226

793
11

1,406
103

6,478
113

2,889
45

654
10

2,935
59

40.7
37.5

48.3
52.8

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

109,878
5,023
1,878
3,145
104,855
11,565
93,290
60,992
29,431
2,867

5,639
387
46
341
5,252
903
4,349
2,928
1,284
136

15,396
3,332
1,722
1,610
12,064
2,513
9,551
5,183
2,948
1,420

88,844
1,304
110
1,194
87,539
8,149
79,391
52,881
25,199
1,312

56,115
1,016
87
929
55,099
5,756
49,343
32,489
15,947
907

32,729
288
23
265
32,441
2,393
30,048
20,392
9,252
405

39.3
22.9
16.2
26.9
40.1
36.0
40.6
41.1
40.7
29.4

43.8
40.2
38.9
40.4
43.9
42.5
44.0
44.1
44.0
43.4

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,136
2,529
917
1,612
56,607
6,010
50,598
33,162
15,912
1,523

2,715
211
21
190
2,505
464
2,041
1,422
556
62

4,599
1,559
824
735
3,041
1,088
1,952
708
575
669

51,822
759
72
687
51,062
4,457
46,605
31,032
14,781
792

29,062
550
52
497
28,513
2,914
25,599
16,739
8,334
527

22,759
210
19
190
22,549
1,543
21,007
14,293
6,447
265

42.2
24.6
17.1
28.9
43.0
37.7
43.6
44.1
43.8
31.5

45.3
42.1

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,742
2,494
962
1,533
48,248
5,555
42,693
27,830
13,518
1,344

2,923
176
25
151
2,747
438
2,309
1,506
729
74

10,797
1,773
898
875
9,023
1,425
7,598
4,475
2,373
751

37,022
545
39
506
36,477
3,692
32,785
21,849
10,416
520

27,053
467
35
432
26,586
2,842
23,744
15,751
7,611
380

9,969
78
4
75
9,891
850
9,041
6,098
2,805
139

35.9
21.2
15.3
24.8
36.7
34.1
37.1
37.5
37.1
27.1

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

94,782
51,501
43,281

4,544
2,171
2,373

13,760
4,022
9,739

76,477
45,308
31,169

46,840
24,621
22,219

29,637
20,687
8,950

39.5
42.5
35.8

44.1
45.6
41.9

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,273
5,558
5,715

936
459
477

1,077
374
703

9,260
4,725
4,535

7,140
3,314
3,826

2,120
1,411
708

38.4
40.0
36.7

42.0
43.2
40.7

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,752
6,222
15,162

1,160
403
1,152

1,372
256
2,972

35,220
5,563
11,038

18,844
3,174
7,045

16,377
2,390
3,993

44.1
42.9
37.3

45.8
45.4
44.0

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

28,334
10,332
12,076

1,409
692
822

6,201
1,300
3,296

20,725
8,340
7,958

15,410
5,765
5,878

5,315
2,574
2,080

36.0
38.3
33.9

41.5
42.5
41.7

O
42.1
45.4
43.5
45.6
45.6
45.5
44.2
41.8
37.7

O
37.9
41.8
41.2
41.9
41.9
41.9
42.2

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1991
On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

109,727

5,610

15,375

88,741

55,977

11,582

21,182

39.4

43.9

30,163
14,391
15,772
34,768
3,687
13,531
17,549
15,309
771
1,903
12,636
12,740
16,747
7,614
4,811
4,323

645
210
435
1,416
84
719
613
1,549
126
53
1,371
865
1,134
417
259
458

2,878
814
2,065
6,441
466
2,968
3,007
4,346
336
164
3,846
386
1,325
280
411
634

26,639
13,367
13,272
26,911
3,137
9,845
13,929
9,414
309
1,685
7,419
11,489
14,288
6,917
4,141
3,230

14,370
6,726
7,643
18,441
2,231
5,094
11,116
6,825
235
1,043
5,547
7,207
9,135
4,806
2,083
2,246

3,481
1,839
1,642
3,180
377
1,311
1,491
990
17
252
721
1,720
2,211
1,117
597
496

8,789
4,801
3,988
5,289
528
3,440
1,322
1,599
57
390
1,152
2,563
2,942
994
1,461
488

42.4
44.2
40.6
37.7
39.3
38.9
36.5
33.8
25.7
41.7
33.1
41.7
40.6
40.8
43.5
37.0

45.4
46.0
44.7
42.8
42.4
46.0
40.7
42.6
41.9
44.6
42.1
43.9
43.8
42.5
47.0
42.5

58,835

2,682

4,528

51,624

28,873

7,176

15,575

42.3

45.4

16,210
8,533
7,677
12,343
1,905
6,944
3,493
6,089
36
1,610
4,443
11,648
12,545
4,602
4,376
3,568

303
134
169
326
44
165
116
508
7
32
469
775
770
180
229
361

782
256
526
1,328
135
783
410
1,204
9
103
1,092
300
913
119
281
513

15,125
8,143
6,982
10,688
1,726
5,996
2,966
4,376
20
1,474
2,882
10,572
10,862
4,303
3,865
2,694

6,994
3,515
3,479
5,665
1,118
2,487
2,059
3,012
14
889
2,109
6,560
6,642
2,869
1,920
1,852

1,934
1,077
858
1,511
233
852
426
493
232
260
1,568
1,670
702
556
412

6,197
3,551
2,646
3,513
375
2,656
481
871
6
353
512
2,444
2,550
732
1,389
430

45.2
46.4
43.9
42.4
41.6
44.2
39.2
36.8
(2)
42.9
34.7
42.0
41.4
41.8
44.2
37.2

47.1
47.6
46.5
45.8
43.9
48.0
42.6
43.7
(2)
45.0
42.9
44.0
44.4
43.1
47.1
42.7

50,892

2,928

10,847

37,117

27,104

4,406

5,607

36.0

41.8

13,953
5,858
8,095
22,425
1,782
6,587
14,056
9,220
734
292
8,193
1,092
4,202
3,012
435
755

343
76
266
1,090
40
554
497
1,041
118
20
902
90
364
237
30
97

2,096
558
1,539
5,112
331
2,184
2,597
3,141
327
61
2,754
86
412
161
130
121

11,514
5,224
6,290
16,222
1,410
3,849
10,962
5,038
289
211
4,538
917
3,426
2,614
275
537

7,376
3,211
4,165
12,776
1,113
2,607
9,056
3,813
221
154
3,438
647
2,493
1,936
162
394

1,546
762
784
1,669
145
459
1,066
497
18
20
460
152
541
416
41
84

2,592
1,251
1,342
1,776
153
783
840
728
51
37
640
118
392
262
72
58

39.0
41.1
37.5
35.2
36.8
33.2
35.9
31.8
25.5
35.3
32.2
38.7
38.4
39.3
36.4
36.1

43.1
43.5
42.7
40.9
40.6
42.8
40.2
41.6
41.5
41.8
41.6
41.9
41.8
41.5
45.1
41.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1990

1991

Employment status and sex
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

190,095 190,312 190,483 190,592
126,445 126,338 126,791 126,253
66.5
66.4
66.6
66.2
119,303 119,001 119,191 118,537
62.5
62.6
62.8
62.2
1,570
1,615 1,617 1,615
117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922
3,185
3,253 3,163
3,175
114,558 114,201 114,321 113,759
7,337 7,600
7,142
7,715
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.6
63,650 63,974 63,692 64,339

190,717 190,703 190,836 190,980
126,678 126,786 127,128 126,690
66.3
66.6
66.4
66.5
118,520 118,214 118,854 118,049
61.8
62.3
62.0
62.1
1,460 1,456 1,458
1,602
116,918 116,754 117,398 116,591
3,222 3,098 3,156 3,272
113,696 113,656 114,243 113,319
8,572 8,274 8,640
8,158
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.8
64,039 63,917 63,708 64,291

191,173 191,443 191,589 191,746
127,134 126,818 126,520 127,231
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.0
118,389 118,316 118,032 118,789
61.8
61.6
61.9
62.0
1,604 1,616 1,624
1,505
116,884 116,712 116,416 117,165
3,308 3,239 3,266 3,306
113,576 113,474 113,150 113,859
8,488 8,442
8,745 8,501
6.7
6.9
6.7
6.6
64,039 64,625 65,069 64,515

191,903
127,163
66.3

118,581
61.8

1,614
116,967
3,195
113,772
8,582

6.7
64,740

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

91,299 91,440 91,537 91,590 91,650 91,587
69,804 69,899 70,058 69,543 69,749 69,808
76.4
75.9
76.2
76.5
76.5
76.1
65,822 65,790 65,781 65,251 65,043 64,846
71.9
71.2
71.0
70.8
71.9
72.1
1,453
1,454
1,414
1,453
1,439 1,314
64,408 64,337 64,327 63,798 63,604 63,532
4,277 4,292 4,706 4,962
3,982 4,109
5.9
6.2
7.1
6.1
5.7
6.7
21,495 21,541 21,479 22,047 21,901 21,779

91,652 91,720 91,839 92,023
69,855 69,704 69,793 69,821
76.0
75.9
76.2
76.0
65,112 64,746 64,750 64,820
70.4
71.0
70.6
70.5
1,310 1,303 1,345 1,431
63,802 63,443 63,405 63,389
4,743 4,957 5,043 5,001
7.1
6.8
7.2
7.2
21,797 22,017 22,046 22,202

92,100 92,185 92,270
69,652 70,261 69,998
75.9
75.6
76.2
64,770 65,285 65,142
70.6
70.8
70.3
1,442

1,449

1,440

63,328 63,836 63,702
4,882 4,976 4,856
6.9
7.0
7.1
22,448 21,924 22,272

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

99,067 99,116 99,184 99,260
56,929 56,978 57,273 56,986
57.4
57.7
57.5
57.5
53,477 53,368 53,742 53,303
54.2
53.7
54.0
53.8
146
155
163
146
53,314 53,222 53,596 53,148
3,531 3,683
3,452 3,610
6.5
6.2
6.3
5.7
6.0
6.1
5.9
5.6
42,155 42,433 42,213 42,292 42,138 42,138 41,911 42,274
98,796 98,872 98,946 99,002
56,641 56,439 56,733 56,710
57.3
57.3
57.1
57.3
53,481 53,211 53,410 53,287
53.8
53.8
54.0
54.1
162
162
163
156
53,325 53,049 53,247 53,125
3,228 3,323 3,423
3,160

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36



99,334 99,421 99,489 99,561 99,633
57,341 56,997 56,868 56,971 57,165
57.7
57.4
57.2
57.3
57.2
53,639 53,496 53,262 53,505 53,438
53.5
53.8
54.0
53.6
53.7
174
173
160
174
175
53,479 53,323 53,088 53,330 53,264
3,702 3,500 3,606 3,466 3,726
6.1
6.5
6.3
6.5
6.1
41,993 42,424 42,621 42,590 42,468

Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1990
Oct.

Nov.

1991
Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

188,525 188,697 188,866 188,977 189,115 189,243 189,380 189,522 189,668 189,839 189,973 190,122 190,289
124,875 124,723 125,174 124,638 125,076 125,326 125,672 125,232 125,629 125,214 124,904 125,607 125,549
66.2
66.1
66.0
65.7
66.1
66.0
66.0
66.4
66.1
66.2
66.2
66.1
66.3
117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922 116,918 116,754 117,398 116,591 116,884 116,712 116,416 117,165 116,967
61.8
61.3
61.6
61.5
61.5
62.0
61.5
61.6
61.7
62.4
61.9
62.2
62.3
8,158
8,488 8,442 8,582
8,572 8,274 8,640 8,745 8,501
7,337 7,600 7,715
7,142
6.5
6.8
6.6
6.9
7.0
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.8
5.7
5.9
6.2
6.1

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

89,885
68,390
76.1
64,408
71.7
2,504
61,904
3,982
5.8
21,495

89,987
68,446
76.1
64,337
71.5
2,518
61,819
4,109
6.0
21,541

90,083
68,604
76.2
64,327
71.4
2,572
61,755
4,277
6.2
21,479

90,137
68,090
75.5
63,798
70.8
2,466
61,331
4,292
6.3
22,047

90,211
68,310
75.7
63,604
70.5
2,520
61,084
4,706
6.9
21,901

90,273
68,494
75.9
63,532
70.4
2,456
61,076
4,962
7.2
21,779

90,342
68,545
75.9
63,802
70.6
2,504
61,298
4,743
6.9
21,797

90,417
68,401
75.7
63,443
70.2
2,596
60,847
4,957
7.2
22,017

90,494
68,448
75.6
63,405
70.1
2,640
60,765
5,043
7.4
22,046

90,592
68,390
75.5
63,389
70.0
2,586
60,803
5,001
7.3
22,202

90,658
68,210
75.2
63,328
69.9
2,580
60,748
4,882
7.2
22,448

90,736
68,812
75.8
63,836
70.4
2,594
61,241
4,976
7.2
21,924

90,830
68,558
75.5
63,702
70.1
2,535
61,167
4,856
7.1
22,272

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

83,013
64,594
77.8
61,245
73.8
2,283
58,962
3,349
5.2
18,419

83,092
64,682
77.8
61,217
73.7
2,307
58,910
3,465
5.4
18,410

83,208
64,803
77.9
61,188
73.5
2,365
58,823
3,615
5.6
18,405

83,271
64,345
77.3
60,734
72.9
2,289
58,445
3,611
5.6
18,926

83,392
64,577
77.4
60,533
72.6
2,315
58,217
4,044
6.3
18,815

83,466
64,735
77.6
60,551
72.5
2,255
58,296
4,184
6.5
18,731

83,567
64,957
77.7
60,905
72.9
2,328
58,577
4,052
6.2
18,610

83,636
64,741
77.4
60,556
72.4
2,368
58,188
4,184
6.5
18,895

83,748
64,897
77.5
60,625
72.4
2,438
58,187
4,272
6.6
18,851

83,865
64,934
77.4
60,683
72.4
2,381
58,302
4,251
6.5
18,931

83,940
64,830
77.2
60,613
72.2
2,365
58,248
4,217
6.5
19,110

84,023
65,155
77.5
60,890
72.5
2,423
58,467
4,265
6.5
18,868

84,151
65,010
77.3
60,817
72.3
2,378
58,440
4,193
6.4
19,141

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

98,640
56,485
57.3
53,325
54.1
671
52,654
3,160
5.6
42,155

98,710
56,277
57.0
53,049
53.7
667
52,382
3,228
5.7
42,433

98,783
56,570
57.3
53,247
53.9
681
52,566
3,323
5.9
42,213

98,840
56,548
57.2
53,125
53.7
697
52,428
3,423
6.1
42,292

98,904
56,766
57.4
53,314
53.9
703
52,611
3,452
6.1
42,138

98,970
56,832
57.4
53,222
53.8
642
52,580
3,610
6.4
42,138

99,038
57,127
57.7
53,596
54.1
651
52,945
3,531
6.2
41,911

99,105
56,831
57.3
53,148
53.6
676
52,473
3,683
6.5
42,274

99,174
57,181
57.7
53,479
53.9
668
52,811
3,702
6.5
41,993

99,248
56,824
57.3
53,323
53.7
653
52,670
3,500
6.2
42,424

99,315
56,694
57.1
53,088
53.5
685
52,402
3,606
6.4
42,621

99,386
56,796
57.1
53,330
53.7
712
52,618
3,466
6.1
42,590

99,459
56,991
57.3
53,264
53.6
660
52,605
3,726
6.5
42,468

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,857
53,047
57.7
50,423
54.9
628
49,795
2,624
4.9
38,810

91,963
52,896
57.5
50,196
54.6
627
49,569
2,700
5.1
39,067

92,042
53,182
57.8
50,389
54.7
647
49,742
2,793
5.3
38,860

92,139
53,097
57.6
50,300
54.6
664
49,636
2,797
5.3
39,042

92,198
53,284
57.8
50,404
54.7
675
49,728
2,881
5.4
38,914

92,273
53,359
57.8
50,323
54.5
607
49,716
3,035
5.7
38,914

92,358
53,634
58.1
50,695
54.9
623
50,072
2,939
5.5
38,724

92,454
53,480
57.8
50,363
54.5
633
49,731
3,117
5.8
38,974

92,546
53,883
58.2
50,723
54.8
617
50,106
3,160
5.9
38,663

92,654
53,617
57.9
50,738
54.8
601
50,136
2,879
5.4
39,037

92,720
53,616
57.8
50,575
54.5
642
49,933
3,041
5.7
39,104

92,797
53,596
57.8
50,656
54.6
679
49,977
2,940
5.5
39,201

92,875
53,654
57.8
50,556
54.4
629
49,927
3,098
5.8
39,221

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

13,655 13,642 13,616 13,567 13,525 13,504 13,455 13,432 13,374 13,320 13,313 13,302 13,263
7,234 7,145
7,232 7,081
7,215
7,196
7,189
6,850 6,662 6,458 6,856 6,884
7,011
53.0
52.4
53.0
52.8
53.3
51.2
52.6
53.6
50.0
52.2
48.5
51.5
51.9
6,065 5,973 5,997 5,889 5,982 5,879 5,798 5,672 5,537 5,291
5,228 5,619
5,593
44.4
43.4
43.8
44.2
44.0
41.4
43.1
43.5
39.7
42.2
39.3
42.2
42.2
264
251
211
241
204
232
235
254
271
256
259
204
188
5,801
5,722 5,756 5,678 5,750 5,644 5,594 5,401
5,283 5,035 4,969 5,415
5,405
1,169
1,172
1,192
1,233
1,307
1,371
1,283
1,353
1,313
1,339
1,230
1,291
1,237
16.2
16.4
16.6
17.1
18.2
18.1
18.7
19.2
19.1
20.6
19.0
18.0
18.8
6,421
6,497 6,427 6,371
6,310
6,272 6,374 6,421
6,524 6,658 6,855 6,446 6,379

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1990
Oct.

Nov.

1991
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

160,717 160,831 160,942 161,007 161,097 161,179 161,264 161,357 161,449 161,558 161,642 161,738 161,846
107,277 107,048 107,517 106,962 107,432 107,488 107,678 107,491 107,745 107,382 107,090 107,618 107,721
66.7
66.7
66.6
66.8
66.7
66.4
66.8
66.7
66.3
66.5
66.6
66.6
66.5
102,017 101,648 101,843 101,104 101,141 100,870 101,455 100,944 101,046 100,760 100,610 101,112 101,211
62.8
62.6
62.6
62.9
62.6
62.8
63.3
63.5
62.2
62.4
63.2
62.5
62.5
6,223 6,547 6,699 6,622 6,480 6,505 6,510
6,617
5,260 5,400 5,674 5,858 6,291
5.9
6.2
6.1
5.8
6.2
5.5
5.3
4.9
6.1
6.2
5.0
6.0
6.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

56,123 56,174 56,307 55,836 56,000 56,151 56,310 56,210 56,267 56,344 56,252 56,532 56,371
77.9
78.1
77.9
77.8
77.6
78.3
77.7
77.9
77.9
78.3
78.3
77.7
78.0
53,615 53,564 53,497 53,010 52,801 52,828 53,179 53,025 52,962 52,960 52,934 53,072 53,042
73.7
74.4
73.3
73.7
73.3
73.3
74.8
74.6
73.1
73.2
73.5
73.2
73.3
3,304 3,385 3,318
2,826 3,198
2,810
3,323 3,131
2,508 2,610
3,459 3,329
3,185
5.0
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.1
4.5
6.0
5.7
5.6
4.6
5.9
6.1
5.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

44,918 44,711 44,995 44,888 45,211 45,186 45,304 45,242 45,572 45,316 45,254 45,176 45,390
57.4
57.6
57.7
58.0
57.7
57.7
57.8
57.2
57.4
57.6
57.8
57.6
57.7
43,032 42,768 43,001 42,841 43,019 42,892 43,169 42,932 43,213 43,137 42,998 43,035 43,167
54.8
55.0
54.8
55.0
54.9
55.0
54.7
55.1
55.1
54.8
54.7
54.7
54.8
2,294 2,136
2,047
1,994
2,179
2,360
2,192
2,256 2,141
2,310
1,886
1,943
2,223
5.2
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.7
5.0
4.8
5.1
5.1
4.2
4.3
4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,236
56.9
5,370
49.0
866
13.9
14.7
13.0

6,163
56.3
5,316
48.6
847
13.7
14.9
12.5

6,215
57.0
5,345
49.0
870
14.0
14.9
13.0

6,238
57.4
5,253
48.3
985
15.8
15.8
15.8

6,222
57.5
5,321
49.2
901
14.5
15.4
13.4

6,151
57.1
5,150
47.8
1,001
16.3
18.6
13.7

6,064
56.4
5,108
47.5
956
15.8
16.9
14.7

6,039
56.3
4,987
46.5
1,052
17.4
19.3
15.4

5,906
55.3
4,871
45.6
1,035
17.5
19.9
14.9

5,722
53.7
4,663
43.7
1,059
18.5
20.0
16.8

5,584
52.5
4,678
43.9
906
16.2
16.9
15.5

5,910
55.6
5,005
47.1
905
15.3
16.4
14.1

5,960
56.2
5,003
47.1
957
16.1
16.3
15.8

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,383 21,417 21,448 21,470 21,493 21,516 21,541 21,569 21,595 21,631 21,655 21,683 21,714
13,493 13,550 13,486 13,501 13,421 13,610 13,670 13,472 13,613 13,516 13,454 13,737 13,554
62.4
63.4
62.1
62.5
63.0
62.5
63.5
63.3
62.4
62.9
62.9
63.3
63.1
11,913 11,897 11,836 11,866 11,839 11,934 11,948 11,727 11,837 11,922 11,796 12,080 11,830
55.7
55.1
54.8
54.4
54.5
54.5
55.5
55.5
55.1
55.3
55.2
55.7
55.5
1,657
1,777
1,595
1,745
1,724
1,658
1,722
1,675
1,635
1,582
1,650
1,580
1,653
11.8
13.1
12.7
12.1
12.3
12.6
13.0
12.3
11.8
12.1
12.2
12.2
11.7

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,339
74.1
5,635
65.9
704
11.1

6,348
74.3
5,638
66.0
710
11.2

6,359
74.1
5,664
66.0
695
10.9

6,313
73.5
5,602
65.2
712
11.3

6,366
73.9
5,649
65.6
717
11.3

6,395
74.1
5,672
65.7
723
11.3

6,416
74.2
5,647
65.3
769
12.0

6,265
72.6
5,475
63.5
790
12.6

6,399
73.9
5,584
64.5
815
12.7

6,379
73.5
5,638
64.9
741
11.6

6,301
72.4
5,577
64.1
724
11.5

6,409
73.5
5,716
65.6
693
10.8

6,374
73.0
5,686
65.1
688
10.8

6,345
59.3
5,728
53.5
617
9.7

6,365
59.4
5,717
53.3
648
10.2

6,339
59.0
5,668
52.8
671
10.6

6,374
59.3
5,738
53.4
636
10.0

6,286
58.4
5,694
52.9
593
9.4

6,388
59.2
5,755
53.4
633
9.9

6,476
60.0
5,812
53.8
664
10.3

6,459
59.7
5,755
53.2
705
10.9

6,483
59.8
5,768
53.2
715
11.0

6,418
59.2
5,813
53.6
605
9.4

6,485
59.7
5,816
53.5
669
10.3

6,576
60.4
5,896
54.2
680
10.3

6,454
59.2
5,703
52.3
751
11.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38



HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1991

1990
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

809
38.0
550
25.8
259
32.0
31.3
32.7

837
38.9
542
25.2
295
35.2
33.2
37.5

788
36.9
504
23.6
284
36.0
36.4
35.6

814
38.4
526
24.8
288
35.4
34.6
36.1

769
36.4
497
23.5
272
35.4
35.5
35.2

826
39.2
507
24.1
319
38.6
38.4
38.9

779
37.1
490
23.3
289
37.1
38.4
35.7

747
35.1
497
23.3
250
33.5
36.7
30.1

732
34.8
485
23.0
247
33.7
37.4
28.9

719
34.3
470
22.4
249
34.6
31.8
37.4

668
31.9
403
19.3
265
39.7
37.5
42.3

752
36.0
468
22.4
284
37.8
40.8
33.6

726
34.8
441
21.1
285
39.3
35.4
43.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

14,435 14,474 14,514 14,553 14,593 14,632 14,672 14,711 14,751 14,790 14,829 14,869 14,908
9,695
9,500
9,580
9,924
9,863
9,747
9,834
9,739
9,675 9,578 9,696
9,569
9,737
65.6
66.4
65.7
65.9
66.4
66.3
65.6
66.5
65.9
66.6
66.3
66.5
66.0
8,793 8,683 8,676 8,779 8,664 8,700 8,859 8,756 8,781
8,903 8,778 8,764 8,871
60.0
59.5
60.4
59.4
60.3
60.9
59.2
60.2
59.5
59.8
59.5
58.9
59.5
817
939
880
914
787
969
997
896
893
1,053
1,098
931
956
9.7
8.6
9.9
9.0
10.3
9.5
9.3
9.3
8.2
10.6
11.1
9.5
9.8

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1991

1990
Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct

CHARACTERISTIC

Total
Married men, spouse present ....
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families ...

117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922 116,918 116,754 117,398 116,591 116,884 116,712 116,416 117,165 116,967
40,833 40,844 40,728 40,316 40,482 40,296 40,502 40,280 40,337 40,503 40,462 40,510 40,531
29,789 29,713 29,776 29,599 29,680 29,514 29,762 29,608 29,877 29,993 29,915 29,843 29,852
6,354 6,341 6,367 6,386 6,384 6,470 6,371 6,350 6,520 6,489 6,467 6,574 6,443

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

30,714 30,732 30,777 30,699 31,093 30,764 30,990 30,908 30,842 30,926 30,850 31,002 31,110
36,447
15,880
13,547
17,858
3,376

36,380
15,861
13,428
17,752
3,360

36,242
15,904
13,524
17,695
3,436

36,360
15,746
13,399
17,227
3,437

36,100
15,773
13,333
16,997
3,499

36,265
15,948
13,212
17,051
3,387

36,515
15,882
13,197
17,150
3,464

36,233
15,793
13,181
17,188
3,451

36,283
16,142
13,207
16,974
3,502

35,891
16,138
13,057
17,184
3,540

35,876
15,939
13,102
17,121
3,466

36,096
16,075
13,045
17,509
3,451

36,132
16,034
13,152
17,161
3,430

1,714

1,681
1,386

1,671
1,473
102

1,603
1,396
157

1,629
1,448
168

1,556
1,412
134

1,660
1,450

1,703
1,421
117

1,748
1,431

1,678
1,497
120

1,704
1,480
102

1,746
1,431
118

1,629
1,436
126

INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,350
99
105,384
17,694
87,690
1,017
86,673
8,859
250

116

95

115

105,267 105,095 104,698 104,569 104,455 104,697 104,613 104,345 104,422 104,122 104,744 104,442
17,633 17,640 17,680 17,792 17,829 18,064 17,904 17,898 17,969 17,908 17,955 18,165
87,634 87,455 87,018 86,777 86,626 86,633 86,709 86,447 86,453 86,214 86,789 86,277

967
953
992 1,013
980
943
934 1,005 1,113 1,058 1,013
998
86,642 86,442 86,051 85,824 85,646 85,690 85,775 85,441 85,340 85,156 85,775 85,279
8,800 8,896 8,738 8,876 8,926 9,209 8,732 8,968 8,860 8,817 8,980 8,980
232
239
238
255
224
213
206
260
229
212
195
243

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,409 5,438 5,581 5,510 6,062 6,163 6,162 5,932 5,705 5,881 5,892 6,374 6,328
2,663 2,786 2,928 2,908 3,252 3,303 3,383 3,138 3,146 3,091 3,073 3,417 3,438
2,344 2,340 2,302 2,214 2,401 2,494 2,462 2,556 2,325 2,505 2,621 2,728 2,612
15,129 15,048 15,081 14,833 14,971 14,819 15,027 14,876 15,598 15,208 15,040 15,046 14,976

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,135 5,163 5,262 5,178 5,803 5,889 5,956 5,702 5,425 5,605 5,643 6,130 6,116
2,467 2,625 2,742 2,692 3,067 3,107 3,181 2,971 2,964 2,915 2,886 3,207 3,253
2,281 2,262 2,218 2,133 2,349 2,404 2,403 2,463 2,229 2,435 2,533 2,638 2,563
14,715 14,658 14,650 14,461 14,528 14,452 14,641 14,377 15,168 14,737 14,591 14,579 14,484

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey

40




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1990

1991

Sex and age
Oct.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922 116,918 116,754 117,398 116,591 116,884 116,712 116,416 117,165 116,967
18,577
6,065
2,212
3,857
12,512
99,160
84,325
14,851

18,518
5,973
2,225
3,739
12,545
98,847
84,075
14,812

18,572
5,997
2,224
3,774
12,575
98,937
84,070
14,901

18,442
5,889
2,215
3,704
12,554
98,463
83,717
14,628

18,274
5,982
2,360
3,631
12,292
98,605
83,866
14,687

18,186
5,879
2,177
3,695
12,306
98,529
83,821
14,720

18,192
5,798
2,146
3,643
12,394
99,150
84,342
14,778

17,822
5,672
2,102
3,549
12,151
98,727
84,165
14,583

17,587
5,537
2,153
3,381
12,050
99,358
84,572
14,757

17,430
5,291
1,957
3,372
12,138
99,357
84,606
14,740

17,347
5,228
1,973
3,293
12,119
99,046
84,481
14,534

17,849
5,619
2,127
3,466
12,230
99,371
84,684
14,745

17,753
5,593
2,157
3,441
12,160
99,197
84,566
14,597

64,408 64,337 64,327 63,798. 63,604 63,532 63,802 63,443 63,405 63,389 63,328 63,836 63,702
9,264 9,114 9,128 9,116 9,381
9,277
9,712 9,695 9,758 9,594 9,483 9,392 9,371
2,897 2,887 2,780 2,706 2,715 2,945 2,885
3,139 3,063 3,071
2,981
3,163 3,120
1,075
1,080
1,205 1,215
1,172
1,093
995 1,096
1,036
1,114
1,092
1,179
1,163
1,782
1,857
1,886
1,789
1,833
1,726
1,706
1,662
1,895 1,810
1,966
1,950
1,995
6,549 6,575 6,619 6,530 6,412 6,412 6,474 6,377 6,333 6,423 6,400 6,436 6,392
54,687 54,637 54,546 54,190 54,084 54,113 54,433 54,154 54,336 54,272 54,179 54,514 54,391
46,219 46,137 46,035 45,819 45,742 45,761 45,962 45,828 45,947 45,981 45,968 46,225 46,129
8,492 8,498 8,553 8,318 8,326 8,353 8,415 8,330 8,368 8,291 8,187 8,302 8,264
53,325 53,049 53,247 53,125 53,314 53,222 53,596 53,148 53,479 53,323 53,088 53,330 53,264
8,559 8,473 8,301 8,232 8,468 8,477
8,865 8,823 8,814 8,848 8,791 8,793 8,821
2,785 2,756 2,586 2,513 2,674 2,709
2,899 2,901
2,902 2,853 2,858 2,825 2,911
1,071
1,010
921
1,039
1,022
1,145 1,085
1,052
1,046
1,049
1,064
978 1,031
1,833 1,767
1,818
1,719
1,800
1,774
1,808
1,789
1,862
1,652
1,633
1,567
1,666
5,895 5,920 5,774 5,717 5,716 5,719 5,795 5,768
5,963 5,970 5,956 6,023 5,881
44,473 44,210 44,391 44,273 44,521 44,416 44,717 44,573 45,022 45,085 44,866 44,858 44,806
38,106 37,938 38,035 37,898 38,124 38,060 38,380 38,337 38,624 38,625 38,513 38,459 38,438
6,367 6,363 6,253 6,389 6,449 6,347 6,444 6,333
6,359 6,314 6,348 6,310 6,361

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1991

1990
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over.
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over




Oct.

Nov.

7,142

7,337

2,463
1,169
508
657
1,294
4,630
4,105
536

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

7,600

7,715

8,158

8,572

8,274

8,640

8,745

8,501

8,488

8,442

8,582

2,428
1,172
507
662
1,256
4,910
4,403
513

2,463
1,192
524
665
1,271
5,160
4,664
501

2,617
1,307
541
745
1,310
5,162
4,618
510

2,682
1,233
480
741
1,449
5,501
4,940
582

2,770
1,353
576
785
1,417
5,811
5,205
638

2,680
1,283
578
709
1,397
5,678
5,117
588

2,864
1,339
539
826
1,525
5,715
5,134
624

2,825
1,313
545
772
1,512
5,893
5,167
691

2,905
1,371
618
739
1,534
5,542
4,992
616

2,678
1,230
555
667
1,448
5,765
5,107
645

2,725
1,237
549
711
1,488
5,720
5,135
589

2,844
1,291
594
699
1,553
5,680
5,144
548

3,982

4,109

4,277

4,292

4,706

4,962

4,743

4,957

5,043

5,001

4,882

4,976

4,856

1,325
633
263
368
692
2,630
2,299
344

1,335
644
280
367
691
2,764
2,448
335

1,363
662
295
366
701
2,937
2,625
316

1,461
681
278
381
780
2,897
2,535
319

1,520
662
287
375
858
3,201
2,847
367

1,638
778
364
421
860
3,344
2,951
399

1,566
691
304
389
875
3,246
2,888
390

1,577
773
291
495
804
3,326
2,953
410

1,627
771
287
478
856
3,379
2,903
413

1,665
750
329
405
915
3,288
2,940
412

1,508
665
296
369
843
3,330
2,894
427

1,607
711
300
418
896
3,345
2,979
366

1,539
663
300
361
876
3,288
2,951
340

3,160

3,228

3,323

3,423

3,452

3,610

3,531

3,683

3,702

3,500

3,606

3,466

3,726

1,138
536
245
289
602
2,000
1,806
192

1,093
528
227
295
565
2,146
1,955
178

1,100
530
229
299
570
2,223
2,039
185

1,156
626
263
364
530
2,265
2,083
191

1,162
571
193
366
591
2,300
2,092
214

1,132
575
212
364
557
2,467
2,254
239

1,113
592
274
320
521
2,432
2,229
198

1,287
566
248
331
721
2,389
2,182
214

1,198
542
258
294
656
2,514
2,264
277

1,239
621
289
334
618
2,254
2,052
204

1,171
565
259
298
606
2,435
2,212
217

1,118
526
249
293
592
2,375
2,155
223

1,305
628
294
338
677
2,392
2,193
208

Dec.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1991

1990
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

42




Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.2

6.5

6.8

6.6

6.9

7.0

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.8

11.7
16.2
18.7
14.6
9.4
4.5
4.6
3.5

11.6
16.4
18.6
15.0
9.1
4.7
5.0
3.3

11.7
16.6
19.1
15.0
9.2
5.0
5.3
3.3

12.4
18.2
19.6
16.7
9.5
5.0
5.2
3.4

12.8
17.1
16.9
16.9
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8

13.2
18.7
20.9
17.5
10.3
5.6
5.8
4.2

12.8
18.1
21.2
16.3
10.1
5.4
5.7
3.8

13.8
19.1
20.4
18.9
11.2
5.5
5.7
4.1

13.8
19.2
20.2
18.6
11.1
5.6
5.8
4.5

14.3
20.6
24.0
18.0
11.2
5.3
5.6
4.0

13.4
19.0
22.0
16.8
10.7
5.5
5.7
4.2

13.2
18.0
20.5
17.0
10.8
5.4
5.7
3.8

13.8
18.8
21.6
16.9
11.3
5.4
5.7
3.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.9

7.2

6.9

7.2

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.1

12.0
16.7
18.4
15.6
9.6
4.6
4.7
3.9

12.1
17.1
19.2
15.8
9.5
4.8
5.0
3.8

12.3
17.4
20.1
15.7
9.6
5.1
5.4
3.6

13.2
18.2
18.7
16.8
10.7
5.1
5.2
3.7

13.8
17.7
19.1
16.8
11.8
5.6
5.9
4.2

14.9
20.7
25.0
18.2
11.8
5.8
6.1
4.6

14.3
19.3
22.0
17.7
11.9
5.6
5.9
4.4

14.5
21.1
21.2
21.7
11.2
5.8
6.1
4.7

15.1
21.7
20.5
22.3
11.9
5.9
5.9
4.7

15.4
21.7
24.1
19.2
12.5
5.7
6.0
4.7

14.2
19.7
22.9
17.6
11.6
5.8
5.9
5.0

14.6
19.4
21.5
18.6
12.2
5.8
6.1
4.2

14.2
18.7
21.5
16.8
12.0
5.7
6.0
4.0

5.6

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.1

6.4

6.2

6.5

6.5

6.2

6.4

6.1

6.5

11.4
15.6
18.9
13.4
9.2
4.3
4.5
2.9

11.0
15.6
17.8
14.2
8.6
4.6
4.9
2.7

11.1
15.6
17.9
14.2
8.7
4.8
5.1
2.8

11.6
18.1
20.7
16.7
8.1
4.9
5.2
2.9

11.7
16.4
14.4
17.1
9.1
4.9
5.2
3.3

11.4
16.6
16.3
16.8
8.6
5.3
5.6
3.6

11.2
16.9
20.4
14.9
8.1
5.2
5.5
3.0

13.1
16.9
19.5
15.8
11.1
5.1
5.4
3.3

12.4
16.4
19.9
14.6
10.3
5.3
5.5
4.2

13.0
19.4
23.9
16.7
9.8
4.8
5.0
3.1

12.5
18.4
20.9
16.0
9.6
5.1
5.4
3.3

11.7
16.4
19.5
15.2
9.3
5.0
5.3
3.3

13.3
18.8
21.6
17.0
10.5
5.1
5.4
3.2

Sept.

Oct.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1990

1991

Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

5.7
5.2
4.9
16.2

5.9
5.4
51
16.4

6.1
5.6
53
166

6.2
5.6
53
18.2

6.5
6.3
54
17 1

6.8
6.5
57
18.7

6.6
6.2
55
18.1

6.9
6.5
58
19 1

7.0
6.6
59
19.2

6.8
6.5
54
20 6

6.8
6.5
57
19.0

6.7
6.5
55
180

6.8
6.4
58
18.8

4.9
10.6
11.7
8.2

5.0
11.0
12.2
8.6

5.3
11.1
12.2
9.3

5.5
10.7
12.1
9.3

5.9
10.7
11.8
9.5

6.2
11.1
12.3
10.3

5.8
11.2
12.6
9.0

6.1
11.5
13.0
9.7

6.2
11.4
13.1
9.8

6.2
10.5
11.8
9.5

6.1
11.1
12.3
9.9

6.0
11.0
12.1
11.1

6.0
11.5
12.7
10.6

Married men spouse present
Married women spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.5
39
85

3.7
4 1
87

3.8
4 1
87

4.0
4 1
90

4.3
44
91

4.5
48
90

4.4
45
99

4.4
46
91

4.7
47
92

4.3
43
83

4.3
44
96

4.5
45
89

4.2
44
95

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.5
7.1
1.3
6.6

5.7
7.3
1.4
6.7

5.8
7.6
1.4
6.9

6.0
7.7
1.5
7.0

6.4
7.6
1.6
7.5

6.5
9.1
1.7
7.7

6.3
8.1
1.8
7.6

6.5
9.0
1.8
7.7

6.6
8.6
2.0
7.6

6.5
8.3
1.9
7.5

6.5
8.2
1.9
7.6

6.4
8.3
1.9
7.7

6.6
8.2
2.0
7.7

22
44
6.5
8.9
5.5

2.2
4.6
6.9
9.4
6.2

22
4.8
7.0
9.6
6.9

2.7
4.5
7.3
10.0
7.6

24
5.0
7.6
11.6
7.9

2.7
5.3
7.6
11.2
9.1

26
5.2
7.8
10.8
6.5

30
53
80
10.2
7.1

28
5.2
7.8
11.5
7.6

29
49
85
10.6
6.7

29
5.1
8.3
10.1
8.1

28
51
80
9.7
8.1

29
51
81
99
7.7

5.9
7.3
4.1
13.0
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.3
4.1
6.7
4.5
2.8
8.5

6.2
7.9
4.7
13.3
6.5
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.1
6.7
4.7
2.8
9.8

6.3
8.1
5.8
14.0
6.5
6.6
6.4
5.4
4.2
6.6
4.8
2.7
12.3

6.4
8.2
7.5
14.5
6.4
6.8
5.9
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.9
3.0
11.9

6.9
9.1
6.0
15.5
7.4
8.1
6.5
5.9
5.3
7.4
5.0
3.2
11.5

7.2
9.0
7.1
14.1
7.6
8.2
6.8
6.4
5.5
79
5.6
3.7
13.8

7.0
9.2
7.5
15.0
7.6
8.3
6.6
6.0
5.4
7.3
5.2
3.2
9.9

7.2
90
6.4
14.7
7.4
7.7
7.0
6.4
5.5
77
5.7
3.2
11.2

7.4
9.7
8.5
15.6
8.2
8.4
7.9
6.3
5.4
7.6
5.7
2.8
12.2

7.1
91
8.7
16.7
7.0
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.1
8 1
5.1
2.8
11.5

7.0
89
7.5
15.1
7.2
7.4
6.9
6.2
5.1
76
5.5
3.3
11.9

6.9
87
11.1
15.7
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.2
4.7
78
5.3
3.4
10.9

7.0
90
7.5
16.2
7.0
7.5
6.3
6.1
4.9
78
5.3
3.6
12.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men 20 years and over
Women 20 years and over
Both sexes 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical sales and administrative support
Precision production craft and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
2




3
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle
and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficient precision.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1991

1990
Weeks of unemployment
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

3,139
2,391
1,591
893
698

3,277
2,334
1,727
938
789

3,280
2,518
1,739
940
799

3,410
2,490
1,829
981
848

3,473
2,736
1,975
1,053
921

3,515
2,904
2,184
1,236
947

3,287
2,745
2,229
1,226
1,003

3,654
2,717
2,234
1,206
1,028

3,427
2,862
2,573
1,411
1,162

3,368
2,722
2,348
1,215
1,132

3,385
2,602
2,396
1,221
1,175

3,322
2,832
2,362
1,224
1,138

3,266
2,784
2,537
1,410
1,127

12.0
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.8
6.1

13.0
6.6

13.7
7.0

12.9
6.5

14.2
6.9

13.9
6.6

14.0
7.2

14.0
7.5

14.3
7.4

100.0
44.1
33.6
22.3
12.5
9.8

100.0
44.7
31.8
23.5
12.8
10.8

100.0
43.5
33.4
23.1
12.5
10.6

100.0
44.1
32.2
23.7
12.7
11.0

100.0
42.4
33.4
24.1
12.9
11.3

100.0
40.9
33.8
25.4
14.4
11.0

100.0
39.8
33.2
27.0
14.8
12.1

100.0
42.5
31.6
26.0
14.0
11.9

100.0
38.7
32.3
29.0
15.9
13.1

100.0
39.9
32.3
27.8
14.4
13.4

100.0
40.4
31.0
28.6
14.6
14.0

100.0
39.0
33.3
27.7
14.4
13.4

100.0
38.0
32.4
29.5
16.4
13.1

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1990

1991

Reasons for unemployment
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

3,563
1,056
2,507
981
1,911
684

3,756
1,136
2,620
996
1,926
655

3,797
1,150
2,647
1,024
2,128
662

4,068
1,131
2,938
899
2,044
672

4,515
1,485
3,031
989
1,994
633

4,703
1,430
3,273
1,080
2,090
699

4,528
1,370
3,158
987
2,053
741

4,657
1,343
3,314
1,053
2,202
779

4,869
1,389
3,481
1,090
2,143
741

4,596
1,188
3,408
990
2,047
821

4,665
1,281
3,384
883
2,112
762

4,801
1,129
3,672
929
2,017
782

4,722
1,194
3,527
989
2,091
828

100.0
49.9
14.8
35.1
13.7
26.8
9.6

100.0
51.2
15.5
35.7
13.6
26.3
8.9

100.0
49.9
15.1
34.8
13.5
28.0
8.7

100.0
53.0
14.7
38.2
11.7
26.6
8.7

100.0
55.5
18.3
37.3
12.2
24.5
7.8

100.0
54.9
16.7
38.2
12.6
24.4
8.2

100.0
54.5
16.5
38.0
11.9
24.7
8.9

100.0
53.6
15.5
38.1
12.1
25.3
9.0

100.0
55.1
15.7
39.4
12.3
24.2
8.4

100.0
54.4
14.1
40.3
11.7
24.2
9.7

100.0
55.4
15.2
40.2
10.5
25.1
9.0

100.0
56.3
13.2
43.1
10.9
23.6
9.2

100.0
54.7
13.8
40.9
11.5
24.2
9.6

2.9
.8
1.5
.5

3.0
.8
1.5
.5

3.0
.8
1.7
.5

3.3
.7
1.6
.5

3.6
.8
1.6
.5

3.8
.9
1.7
.6

3.6
.8
1.6
.6

3.7
.8
1.8
.6

3.9
.9
1.7
.6

3.7
.8
1.6
.7

3.7
.7
1.7
.6

3.8
.7
1.6
.6

3.8
.8
1.7
.7

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

44




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1940 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages

1940

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,841
1,966
1,912
1,828
1,851
1,955
2,298
2,478
2,612
2,610

4,909
5,244
5,206
5,154
5,208
5,359
6,077
6,477
6,659
6,654

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,239

1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,150
90,550

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,173
25,322

1,027
1,139
1,128

1989

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,536
108,329

952
966
927
111
717
713
693

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,110
5,187

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,350
19,442

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,363
83,007

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,527
5,644

5,292
5,376
5,296
5,286
5,574
5,736
5,774
5,865
6,055
6,221

15,018
15,172
15,161
15,595
16,526
17,336
17,909
18,462
19,077
19,549

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,649
6,695

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
21,999
23,053
24,235
25,669
27,120

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990

109,971

91,649

24,958

711

5,136

19,111

85,014

5,826

6,205

19,683

6,739

28,240

3,085

4,303

10,934

1941

1942
1943
1944
1945
1946

1947
1948
1949
1950

1951
1952
1953
1954
1955

1956
1957
1958

19592
1960
1961

1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970

1971
1972
1973

1974
1975

1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982

1983
1984

1985
1986
1987
1988

996

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(')
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

O

O

()

0

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1990:
October
November
December
1991:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October"
1

109,982
109,761
109,621

91,638
91,406
91,268

24,705
24,481
24,375

710
712
715

5,022
4,962
4,911

18,973
18,807
18,749

85,277
85,280
85,246

5,855
5,852
5,867

6,190
6,180
6,166

19,663
19,628
19,579

6,746
6,740
6,733

28,479
28,525
28,548

2,980
2,964
2,948

4,339
4,345
4,347

11,025
11,046
11,058

109,418
109,160
108,902
108,736
108,887
108,885
108,859
108,971
109,019
109,018

91,053
90,771
90,495
90,312
90,447
90,429
90,439
90,557
90,612
90,605

24,181
24,039
23,877
23,794
23,847
23,792
23,798
23,826
23,792
23,727

713
715
714
710
706
704
701
693
684
680

4,797
4,792
4,720
4,688
4,715
4,710
4,695
4,691
4,697
4,668

18,671
18,532
18,443
18,396
18,426
18,378
18,402
18,442
18,411
18,379

85,237
85,121
85,025
84,942
85,040
85,093
85,061
85,145
85,227
85,291

5,866
5,834
5,824
5,814
5,819
5,809
5,809
5,820
5,825
5,831

6,138
6,119
6,105
6,086
6,085
6,068
6,064
6,050
6,047
6,041

19,542
19,464
19,378
19,324
19,339
19,345
19,347
19,343
19,339
19,292

6,736
6,732
6,735
6,718
6,712
6,703
6,688
6,687
6,691
6,695

28,590
28,583
28,576
28,576
28,645
28,712
28,733
28,831
28,918
29,019

2,952
2,951
2,951
2,953
2,952
2,971
2,963
2,967
2,979
2,984

4,352
4,354
4,359
4,352
4,348
4,359
4,338
4,337
4,333
4,322

11,061
11,084
11,097
11,119
11,140
11,126
11,119
11,110
11,095
11,107

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1990
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1990) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1987) are subject to revision.

45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total .

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

110,478 110,721 108,687 109,372 109,740

Total private.

92,412 92,128 91,416 91,225 91,083 74,944 74,709 74,074 73,895 73,782

Mining.

720

718

704

693

688

519

519

500

492

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.

10
101
102

58.6
7.3
15.3

58.4
7.3
15.3

60.1
9.1
16.0

59.2
9.0
15.9

45.8
5.3
12.5

45.5
5.3
12.5

47.4
7.1

13.1

46.6
7.0
13.1

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

12
122

148.5
138.7

147.2
137.4

137.9
128.3

137.1
127.5

119.9
112.0

118.7
110.8

111.6
103.8

111.2
103.4

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas .
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

398.2
191.5
202.6

399.1
187.8
206.9

394.6
193.7
196.2

386.4
190.5
191.1

265.1
93.7
168.2

268.3
92.9
172.1

257.6
97.1
157.3

251.7
95.7
152.8

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals....

14
142
144
147

115.1
42.9
35.8
16.4

113.4
42.2
35.0
16.5

111.4
41.7
34.1
16.3

109.9
41.0
33.7
16.1

87.9
33.5

86.4
32.9

83.7
32.0

82.7
31.5

5,359

5,252

5,001

4,946

4,883

4,199

4,101

3,879

3,833

1,346.7 1,316.4 1,234.2 1,209.3 1,191.9
664.5 649.7 614.5 603.5
37.1
32.8
38.1
33.0
629.6 586.9 572.8
644.1

980.2
466.6
15.9
497.7

953.0
453.9
15.3
483.8

891.1
428.5
13.7
448.9

870.3
419.7
14.5
436.1

705.4
245.7
459.7

695.1
237.5
457.6

645.2
231.1
414.1

655.8
227.9
427.9

Construction .
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction, except building ....
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning .
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work ..

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

833.3
288.4
544.9

823.7
280.3
543.4

768.2
273.4
494.8

384.9

778.6
270.0
508.6

Durable goods.

3,777

2,513.2 2,452.4 2,342.2 2,306.5
460.7 452.6
492.0 485.5
144.3
151.1
154.8
157.6
438.2 417.5 416.5
442.1
399.6 393.3
423.5
440.3
133.0
137.2
143.0
148.1
170.1
171.8
175.8
180.9

3,178.7 3,112.3 2,999.0 2,957.6
665.2 658.7 630.5
620.6
187.7
174.7
181.4
184.8
566.2 562.3 543.5
541.1
512.2 492.7 467.2 460.5
196.4
177.2
182.5
190.9
223.8 219.0 215.0 212.7

19,198 19,092 18,550 18,559 18,499 13,071

Manufacturing .

489

12,984 12,579 12,606 12,571

11,103 11,050 10,563 10,580 10,546

7,379

7,340

6,983

7,011

6,993

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

751.2
89.6
200.6
161.8
35.8
266.3
108.4
74.3
23.7
32.4
46.2
63.1
43.9
85.4

737.2
88.3
197.3
159.1
35.3
259.4
105.9
72.6
23.3
31.5
45.5
62.1
43.2
84.6

717.5
85.7
193.1
155.5
34.8
251.7
105.1
68.0
21.9
30.7
44.6
61.0
42.8
81.4

713.3
85.2
191.9
154.1
35.0
249.3
103.4
67.6
22.0
30.9
44.5
60.9
42.7
81.5

704.7

620.2
74.7
174.9
140.6
31.7
214.8
84.6
59.8
20.4
29.0
39.2
47.6
35.7
69.0

606.2
73.2
171.5
138.0
31.0
208.1
82.2
58.0
20.0
28.2
38.2
46.9
35.1
68.3

590.3
71.1
167.2
134.3
30.6
202.1
82.1
53.7
18.9
27.5
37.7
46.4
34.4
65.8

587.4
71.1
166.6
133.3
30.9
199.9
80.5
53.4
18.9
27.7
37.6
46.3
34.3
65.9

579.6

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture .
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

509.8
289.6
127.7
97.1
22.7
29.0

509.5
289.7
126.8
97.2
23.7
28.7

481.1
273.4
121.0
92.5
20.
28.3

483.6
276.0
121.9
93.4
20.6
28.5

484.9

402.8
241.4
109.6
81.0
17.7
22.2

401.9
241.3
108.7
81.0
18.7
21.8

378.3
226.8
103.5
76.5
15.5
21.8

381.0
229.2
104.4
77.3
15.9
21.9

382.6

See footnotes at end of table.

46



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Cnric*
uUUc

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

252
253
254
259

69.2
32.9
80.9
37.2

68.8
32.8
81.2
37.0

62.3
31.3
79.4
34.7

62.6
31.7
78.9
34.4

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322

561.8
16.8
82.4
39.5
42.9
61.4
18.1
35.9
38.1
211.7
20.3
72.3
100.6
81.3
21.1

556.6
16.6
82.1
39.3
42.8
60.9
18.0
35.3
38.1
208.5
19.8
71.2
99.1
81.2
21.2

532.5
15.6
81.4
38.8
42.6
57.4
18.4
32.6
36.4
199.6
19.0
67.4
95.9
76.7
20.4

531.2
15.7
81.8
38.6
43.2
58.1
18.0
32.5
36.5
198.2
18.6
66.8
95.5
76.3
20.5

6.7

6.6

6.0

5.8

23.6

23.6

22.3

22.1

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331

756.5
275.2
207.4
25.6
133.1
80.6

753.7
274.2
206.5
25.4
132.7
80.4

722.5
261.4
196.5
24.7
126.0
76.5

720.9
260.3
195.8
24.2
125.2
76.3

8.9

8.8

8.1

8.2

28.0
46.4
26.3
172.9
23.1
28.8
72.6
83.8
24.9

27.8
46.4
26.3
171.7
22.8
28.6
72.4
83.9
24.8

26.1
45.3
26.0
167.8
22.1
28.0
71.0
80.5
23.5

25.6
44.8
25.6
167.6
22.3
27.9
70.9
81.0
23.2

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee

3221
3229

323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
3296

3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357

336
3365

34
341
3411

342
3423,5
3429

343
3432
3433

344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

345
3451
3452

346
3462
3465
3469

Oct.
1991P

_
_
529.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
715.6
257.1

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

51.7
25.5
58.8
25.4

51.2
25.5
58.9
25.0

45.9
24.6
58.0
23.0

46.4
24.9
57.5
23.0

437.8
13.2
71.0
35.8
35.2
47.0
13.9
27.7
30.0
162.6
13.2
54.8
80.4
60.2
15.0

433.3
13.1
70.8
35.6
35.2
46.5
13.9
27.1
30.1
159.7
12.8
53.8
78.9
60.2
15.1

412.5
12.4
70.4
35.1
35.3
43.3
14.1
25.0
28.4
151.7
12.0
51.0
75.4
56.8
15.0

411.9
12.6
70.8
34.9
35.9
43.9
13.7
24.9
28.6
150.5
11.9
50.2
75.1
56.7
15.1

5.1
-

5.0
-

4.6
-

4.4
-

575.1
211.1
160.8
18.9
106.0
65.6

572.2
209.8
159.7
18.7
105.6
65.4

544.8
198.8
150.8
18.0
99.5
61.6

544.7
198.2
150.4
17.7
99.2
61.7

6.6

6.5

6.1

6.3

21.9
34.3
20.1
125.1
17.8
19.5
53.2
65.8
19.7

21.7
34.3
20.2
123.9
17.4
19.3
53.2
66.1
19.7

20.2
34.4
20.9
119.5
16.8
18.6
51.1
62.9
18.3

19.8
34.0
20.5
120.0
17.1
18.5
51.4
63.1
18.1

1,429.0 1,424.1 1,358.3 1,366.2 1,364.0 1,054.3 1,051.4
48.7
42.8
42.0
49.8
48.9
49.2
_
34.7
40.4
39.7
39.8
40.3
35.2
95.5
95.2
130.3
129.8 120.8 122.6
_
42.4
32.6
32.5
44.7
44.4
41.3
54.7
73.7
68.4
69.1
54.8
73.8
_
43.7
43.6
60.4
57.8
60.5
58.3
19.3
19.1
25.8
25.6
24.9
24.9
14.1
20.9
20.8
19.5
19.7
14.0
306.4 304.7
430.9 428.7 412.9 412.0
_
57.5
57.2
79.9
72.6
79.3
72.9
_
76.4
55.4
78.1
75.1
74.4
56.9
107.4 104.8 105.2
71.7
107.1
71.9
95.7
95.4
94.2
72.2
72.0
94.6
26.7
29.2
29.1
20.6
20.5
26.6
73.3
73.2
95.6
95.3
90.3
90.5
45.7
_
37.2
45.8
42.9
43.2
37.3
49.8
47.4
47.3
49.6
36.0
36.0
230.7 230.1
213.9 218.6
183.7 183.1
33.4
32.9
25.6
31.3
31.8
25.1
_
105.4 105.2
88.4
88.4
94.3
97.8
80.2
77.5
78.1
80.3
60.9
60.8
-

Oct.
1991P

_
410.9

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
539.6
194.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

992.7 1,003.6 1,001.9
42.4
42.1
35.2
34.8
90.3
88.1
_
29.8
30.9
50.7
51.8
41.2
41.8
_
18.9
18.8
12.8
13.1
_
291.3 291.2
52.0
51.9
_
53.4
53.9
70.4
_
70.8
71.4
71.3
_
18.4
18.5
_
68.7
69.1
_
34.5
35.0
34.2
34.1
_
167.8 172.8
_
23.6
24.1
_
78.3
82.2
58.4
58.9
-

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

See footnotes at end of table.

48



3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Allemployees
Sept.
1990

120.7
75.9
44.8
73.7
44.4
236.8
28.3
52.8

Oct.
1990

121.1
76.3
44.8
73.4
44.3
236.4
28.0
53.1

Aug.
1991

115.7
71.7
44.0
69.8
41.4
227.9
27.5
50.5

Production workers

Sept.
1991P

116.6
71.9
44.7
69.7
41.3
229.2
27.5
50.5

Oct.
1991P

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Sept.
1990

94.0
59.4
34.6
45.8
24.8
169.1
18.5
39.5

Oct.
1990

94.3
59.7
34.6
45.9
25.0
169.4
18.5
39.7

Aug.
1991

89.0
55.1
33.9
42.7
22.6
161.5
18.8
37.5

Sept.
1991P

90.1
55.4
34.7
42.6
22.4
163.6
19.0
37.6

Oct.
1991P

_
_
_
-

2,071.6 2,069.8 1,972.2 1,972.1 1,967.2 1,242.0 1,240.3 1,170.0 1,172.3 1,172.6
89.8
58.7
58.5
_
89.9
86.8
88.9
54.2
55.9
_
27.1
29.1
16.1
17.1
17.4
27.3
16.0
29.3
_
_
62.7
62.6
57.7
42.7
42.4
37.1
38.5
59.6
_
_
101.2 104.3
97.1
72.7
75.6
70.3
97.6
69.7
_
78.8
56.4
78.6
73.3
73.1
56.5
52.3
52.2
227.8 226.5 211.8 212.4
139.8 138.6 126.7 127.9
_
_
85.4
44.1
84.0
74.5
52.2
50.9
46.2
76.8
_
18.1
18.1
15.9
11.2
9.1
15.9
11.3
9.1
_
27.1
_
43.0
43.4
26.8
27.4
43.3
44.0
27.6
33.8
33.9
32.5
18.9
18.1
17.8
32.3
18.8
_
_
26.1
25.7
18.4
18.3
16.7
27.5
27.3
16.9
_
_
328.2 327.4 307.8 308.6
235.3 234.6 216.0 217.3
_
26.4
45.4
28.7
44.8
42.5
42.5
29.0
26.3
16.3
11.1
9.9
17.8
17.8
16.1
11.0
9.9
_
_
147.6 147.6
139.1
114.9
114.6 105.4 106.5
139.9
_
_
55.2
50.5
50.7
38.9
35.2
35.4
55.2
39.0
_
14.1
20.5
15.0
14.8
14.2
21.5
21.3
20.5
_
83.7
93.6
92.8
83.7
158.1
157.3
146.9 146.8
16.8
11.8
11.8
11.0
11.2
17.9
17.8
16.9
_
_
13.7
12.1
12.0
14.2
25.5
25.3
24.0
23.9
_
_
13.7
12.1
21.1
13.8
12.2
21.0
23.1
22.8
_
156.5
_
157.0
150.8 151.3
247.1
246.3 238.6 238.7
30.8
30.7
18.1
18.1
17.4
17.4
31.6
31.6
_
31.4
_
33.4
31.8
33.3
43.1
40.3
40.6
43.1
_
14.1
13.9
13.7
25.7
14.3
26.0
25.7
25.4
31.7
21.7
21.2
21.5
21.6
32.3
31.6
31.8
_
10.5
11.5
10.5
11.5
16.4
16.4
15.3
15.2
19.3
19.2
18.3
18.6
12.8
12.8
11.9
12.2
134.9
134.6 135.6
134.2
434.1
433.4 417.5 414.5
67.1
65.7
69.9
70.0
277.2 275.7 262.4 260.1
64.2
170.9
116.0
314.4
22.9
244.2

64.4
170.2
116.0
314.5
22.7
244.5

64.1
167.1
115.0
298.6
21.4
233.5

63.9
166.7
114.6
297.9
21.5
233.3

_
_
_
-

20.3
119.3
83.8
230.7
18.7
184.7

20.4
118.6
83.6
230.5
18.5
184.7

26.3
115.5
82.6
217.8
17.5
174.8

26.3
114.4
81.4
217.3
17.5
174.6

_
-

1,660.2 1,655.0 1,586.9 1,583.3 1,581.6 1,046.1 1,043.9 1,002.5 1,000.8 1,002.1
96.3
91.7
91.3
67.0
66.9
63.2
62.8
95.8
_
32.7
34.0
32.9
34.1
46.5
46.5
48.5
48.1
_
32.9
32.9
30.3
30.1
47.7
45.2
44.8
47.8
117.0
115.9
112.1
111.4
160.6
166.9 165.7
159.5
_
_
60.4
62.7
59.9
63.8
78.6
77.8
82.3
81.2
_
39.5
38.8
38.5
39.5
64.6
63.0
62.6
64.6
_
97.7
96.9
_
98.9
97.9
123.7 122.7 122.4 121.8
23.0
21.4
23.7
22.5
29.0
26.2
28.0
28.1
16.0
15.8
16.0
15.7
20.6
20.4
20.5
20.2
24.7
25.3
25.2
26.3
32.6
33.8
32.0
32.9
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1990

187.5
24.1
72.1
16.7
24.2
83.4
62.1
260.2
126.1
575.0
31.5
236.4
138.2
167.2
30.8
69.7

Oct.
1990

188.6
23.8
72.7
16.9
24.6
83.1
61.6
258.3
125.5
573.5
31.1
235.7
138.4
167.3
31.0
69.5

Aug.
1991

174.9
21.8
68.5
15.5
21.0
79.2
59.9
247.5
121.9
547.7
27.7
229.7
132.6
162.9
30.8
67.9

Sept.
1991P

177.1
22.4
68.3
15.6
21.4
80.1
60.4
246.2
121.6
542.9
27.9
226.9
131.4
164.4
31.1
68.7

Oct.
1991P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

996.9
279.8
320.3
48.3
67.5
89.8
245.3
100.5
93.6
41.4
99.1
11.0

994.1
277.5
319.4
48.1
67.2
89.1
245.1
100.3
93.6
41.6
99.3
11.2

967.6
258.5
306.0
44.8
64.3
86.1
253.9
105.2
96.6
39.4
100.2
9.6

965.9
257.1
305.5
44.8
63.9
86.2
254.2
105.5
96.6
39.2
100.0
9.9

961.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

382.3
54.0
39.6
12.6
105.5
45.1
60.4
33.4
33.9
21.9
142.9
56.9

383.5
55.0
40.6
12.5
106.2
45.1
61.1
33.0
34.2
22.2
142.6
57.0

367.7
51.7
37.7
11.9
103.7
44.5
59.2
32.0
31.1
19.4
137.3
53.4

371.0
52.9
38.6
12.1
105.5
45.7
59.8
32.1
31.6
20.1
136.8
53.5

Sept.
1990

135.0
20.4
47.2
12.1
17.8
57.5
40.9
130.0
66.9
325.3
20.7
92.4
86.9
115.4
23.8
52.8

Oct.
1990

135.9
20.2
48.1
12.1
18.1
57.0
40.3
130.0
67.1
324.6
20.3
92.4
87.4
115.9
24.0
52.7

Aug.
1991

126.2
18.2
45.5
11.1
15.8
53.4
38.8
125.8
66.9
311.8
18.4
92.5
85.4
112.1
23.8
51.2

Sept.
1991P

127.7
18.7
45.4
11.1
16.2
54.5
39.6
125.4
67.0
307.9
18.6
89.8
84.4
114.2
24.2
52.4

Oct.
1991P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,983.2 1,966.9 1,856.5 1,872.8 1,860.0 1,227.3 1,220.9 1,154.2 1,170.2 1,160.6
790.2 807.4
798.1
626.9 622.9 606.2 621.4 613.8
822.0 815.1
_
_
243.7
240.8 237.5
320.4
332.2 329.9
327.6
241.8
_
_
28.4
28.6
30.6
37.4
39.3
37.6
40.7
31.8
_
_
315.3
398.1
319.7 319.5 305.7
387.6
404.6 403.5
_
19.1
19.3
20.6
21.0
24.8
26.5
24.8
27.0
_
_
339.9 339.3 308.8 309.7
700.6 694.6 641.7 641.5
_
_
144.2
158.8
340.4
371.4 366.3
144.0
340.2
159.7
_
_
77.4
69.6
138.7
70.9
76.9
150.7
137.8
151.0
_
95.0
94.8
103.1
162.6
103.3
177.6
163.5
178.2
186.4
135.4
140.8
185.4
173.7
134.3
174.6
141.0
_
_
97.4
95.2
94.9
96.2
125.9
132.5
131.8
125.6
_
43.4
39.4
40.2
48.7
48.1
44.8
52.9
54.6
_
_
22.4
24.2
22.2
30.4
30.6
24.9
32.9
33.8
_
_
56.1
46.1
46.8
165.2
56.2
182.0
166.4
182.8
_
_
36.8
31.3
31.9
36.8
131.4
119.1
119.9
131.9
_
_
26.2
28.8
26.9
40.9
29.2
41.5
44.7
44.2
12.7
12.5
12.4
12.8
15.8
16.2
16.0
16.6
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

494.1
90.7
179.2
32.9
35.2
45.6
144.1
58.8
58.9
28.7
42.8
8.6

491.5
89.6
178.0
32.6
34.8
44.9
143.6
58.6
59.1
28.8
42.9
8.6

472.6
80.7
165.9
29.9
32.7
43.3
147.2
62.8
61.5
27.2
43.9

376.1
_
_
_
_
_
-

278.8
38.6
28.1
10.2
78.0
32.9
45.1
23.3
25.2
16.0
103.5
39.9

278.7
39.5
29.0
10.2
77.8
32.3
45.5
22.9
25.4
16.2
102.9
39.9

265.5
37.0
26.9
9.7
75.3
31.9
43.4
22.6
22.3
13.6
98.6
36.6

in

470.5
80.3
164.7
30.1
32.4
43.0
147.1
62.6
61.7
26.9
43.5
8.0

470.4
_
_

268.5
38.1
27.7
9.8
76.7
32.7
44.0
22.7
22.8
14.0
98.4
36.7

272.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco products .
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics .
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks ...
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yam and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses ....
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

50



Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991 P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

8,095 8,042 7,987 7,979 7,953 5,692 5,644 5,596 5,595 5,578
1,752.5 1,719.6 1,765.7 1,758.8 1,722.4 1,281.2 1,250.8 1,295.8 1,293.4 1,260.1
_
_
369.0 375.7 376.5
440.8
430.0 431.8 440.1
367.1
_
_
122.8
139.8 139.7 142.7 144.0
118.8 121.9
118.6
_
_
66.3
66.8
66.3
66.6
87.7
88.5
88.4
88.5
_
_
201.7 203.7 208.9 209.1
187.0 187.4
183.9
181.9
93.2
96.3
93.6
94.5
_
151.8
155.1
153.5
154.4
_
_
41.1
41.1
41.0
30.9
31.9
31.8
31.6
40.2
_
_
72.4
73.7
35.9
36.2
36.6
36.9
72.1
73.9
_
_
315.8 271.9 319.9 316.4
272.5 230.5 277.0 274.3
19.1
19.1
19.0
19.5
23.1
23.1
23.3
24.0
_
_
129.4 126.6
91.9
129.2
105.1
143.6
144.2 141.3
_
_
50.7
51.2
54.5
58.6
50.3
47.8
56.8
56.6
91.0
90.4
89.4
_
128.7
129.0
128.5
89.9
127.7
_
_
14.4
22.4
22.3
15.0
14.7
14.3
22.6
22.3
_
_
43.9
44.9
44.5
27.9
27.7
28.8
28.3
43.6
_
134.5
_
213.4 215.4 211.4 211.1
134.0
136.1
133.9
87.9
87.9
88.6
88.5
151.2
154.0 154.1
151.5
59.4
105.1
6.6
5.4
10.1
53.0
30.8
188.8
39.4
104.0
185.7

61.3
114.2
6.9
5.4
15.4
56.0
31.4
186.2
39.2
102.7
186.2

59.9
105.2
6.7
5.4
7.8
55.8
31.2
186.3
38.8
104.6
188.8

59.9
110.7
7.1
5.4
10.7
57.6
31.2
184.7
38.8
102.2
183.4

51.8
35.2

51.6
35.2

50.0
35.0

50.8
34.8

690.4
89.9
76.8
17.7
24.2
206.6
31.9
38.8
59.6
29.1
26.4
61.3
24.6
23.9
61.6
100.6
79.4
14.2
51.7

681.4
89.5
76.8
17.4
24.3
200.3
31.8
38.5
54.4
29.3
25.7
61.2
24.5
24.0
61.7
99.2
78.3
14.1
51.0

673.5
87.7
73.9
17.5
24.4
203.2
31.3
39.7
56.1
28.7
26.6
61.8
24.6
24.6
59.5
94.6
73.8
14.0
50.9

675.0
88.2
73.8
17.5
24.4
202.5
30.9
39.5
55.8
28.8
26.7
62.3
24.8
24.8
60.2
95.1
74.3
14.0
51.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

46.0
83.9
4.8
4.0
8.6
44.5
21.8
79.4
23.3
33.6
138.1

47.5
92.6
5.1
3.9
13.7
47.4
22.3
78.2
23.1
33.4
138.1

46.0
81.5
4.9
4.0
6.1
45.3
20.6
78.6
22.9
35.5
142.3

46.1
87.4
5.3
3.9
9.1
47.4
20.7
79.2
23.1
34.7
137.1

50.2
-

38.7
26.0

38.4
26.0

37.5
26.1

38.1
25.7

37.6
-

675.0
_

592.1
80.1
67.3
14.2
20.5
180.3
28.5
34.6
52.2
24.8
23.2
49.7
19.8
19.1
50.7
89.8
71.2
12.4
39.5

582.7
79.6
67.2
14.1
20.7
173.7
28.4
34.2
46.8
25.1
22.3
49.7
19.8
19.2
50.5
88.6
70.2
12.4
38.6

577.4
78.1
64.8
14.4
20.6
177.2
27.9
35.2
49.6
24.9
22.7
50.6
19.9
20.0
48.5
84.2
66.1
12.1
39.0

578.8
78.5
64.7
14.5
20.5
176.6
27.5
35.2
49.3
24.9
22.9
51.0
20.0
20.2
49.0
84.7
66.5
12.2
39.3

579.0
_
_
_
-

875.5
42.5
232.7
53.9
70.0
37.9
280.5
32.0
57.4
32.7
158.4

873.1
41.5
230.5
53.1
68.8
37.9
280.1
32.0
56.4
32.5
159.2

863.6
40.3
236.9
55.7
73.7
37.5
273.8
30.9
53.0
34.1
155.8

870.4
40.8
239.2
56.1
74.2
38.2
275.4
30.9
52.6
33.7
158.2

877.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,045.5 1,041.9 1,031.6 1,039.8 1,045.6
_
49.0
48.4
49.4
50.7
_
271.9 269.6 276.2 278.5
65.1
64.9
62.7
63.7
_
85.4
85.0
79.8
80.9
_
44.2
43.4
43.8
43.8
_
334.7 333.8 327.0 329.2
_
37.6
37.6
39.0
39.1
64.3
64.7
69.7
68.8
_
39.6
40.0
38.7
38.9
184.7 187.7
187.0 187.3
-

_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Production workers

Sept.
1991P

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

62.4
50.6
11.8
56.5
23.6
44.7
206.5
24.0
56.0
49.1

63.1
51.1
12.0
56.4
23.8
45.0
206.8
23.6
56.4
49.0

61.7
50.4
11.3
56.4
23.0
43.4
201.3
22.3
55.0
48.8

62.3
50.9
11.4
56.7
23.0
43.8
203.2
22.1
56.4
48.9

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

701.8
179.1
52.0
210.9
117.9
16.1
50.8
245.9
46.0
35.6
26.5

699.8
177.9
51.4
211.1
118.6
16.1
50.7
245.6
46.1
35.6
26.5

697.2
179.8
50.5
209.3
118.0
16.1
50.2
243.6
46.4
35.9
25.4

693.0
177.4
49.8
209.5
118.1
15.9
49.9
242.4
45.5
35.9
25.6

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

_
_
_
_
-

51.1
43.2
7.9
47.4
20.4
36.7
169.8
19.7
46.4
40.6

51.7
43.6
8.1
47.7
20.9
37.1
169.9
19.4
46.8
40.4

50.4
42.6
7.8
48.0
20.4
35.6
164.4
18.3
46.2
39.9

51.0
43.1
7.9
48.4
20.5
35.7
165.8
18.2
47.4
39.8

690.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

526.7
135.3
39.9
163.1
88.5
13.5
40.9
177.7
22.3
26.8
20.6

526.0
134.4
39.8
163.4
89.0
13.6
40.9
177.8
22.2
26.9
20.6

525.5
136.9
39.1
162.7
88.6
13.9
40.7
176.0
23.0
26.8
19.6

522.6
135.0
38.6
163.0
88.8
13.7
40.5
175.3
22.4
26.8
19.8

521.7
_
_
_
_

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,568.1 1,570.2 1,526.5 1,523.6 1,524.8
_
477.2 477.5 458.7 458.7
_
129.7
129.0
125.6
125.0
_
118.7
117.4
118.1
117.2
_
82.8
82.2
83.3
82.2
_
35.4
34.6
35.9
35.0
_
81.7
81.9
81.6
81.0
_
551.7
550.1
536.1
535.8
_
365.2
366.9
356.2
355.7
_
167.1
167.2
162.3
162.4
_
48.2
50.0
50.0
48.1
_
71.4
69.7
71.8
69.1
63.7
63.8
61.6
61.7
-

867.8
166.1
47.8
62.6
33.8
28.8
41.6
400.2
265.5
120.5
34.7
55.1
46.3

868.9
166.9
47.8
61.0
33.0
28.0
41.8
401.6
266.9
120.6
34.8
55.1
46.5

839.3
158.9
44.3
63.5
34.3
29.2
40.1
386.6
256.4
116.1
33.5
53.2
44.6

838.0
159.1
44.0
62.5
33.9
28.6
39.6
387.2
256.5
116.5
33.4
52.7
44.7

838.5
_
_
_
_

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

1,097.2 1,092.7 1,095.9 1,088.6 1,092.0
_
142.2
142.1
138.4
137.8
_
92.4
95.5
95.5
92.2
_
179.9
179.8
178.9
178.1
_
85.9
85.7
85.8
86.1
_
63.8
63.9
62.2
61.9
238.2 238.7
249.9
247.9
197.8
197.9 205.9
204.3
_
158.7
163.0
160.4
157.8
_
43.2
43.5
43.9
43.9
_
46.0
46.3
46.1
45.6
73.7
68.5
70.9
68.3
_
60.2
62.3
61.5
59.1
154.1
155.2
155.1
153.5
_
27.8
27.7
28.3
28.1
_
123.3
122.3
122.8
121.5
_
56.0
55.4
55.5
55.8
100.7
98.7
100.9
98.6
-

602.5
71.7
49.7
114.8
50.4
43.7
105.2
88.6
100.6
27.9
24.9
47.8
31.8
85.3
16.7
65.8
33.5
59.6

598.8
72.0
49.8
114.3
50.2
43.5
105.4
89.1
98.6
28.0
24.9
45.7
31.3
84.0
16.6
64.6
33.5
59.7

588.5
67.1
45.9
110.3
50.7
39.9
109.0
92.6
98.0
28.1
25.4
44.5
31.1
80.2
16.3
61.2
33.9
58.9

581.6
66.0
45.1
109.5
50.4
39.6
107.3
91.0
97.1
27.8
24.9
44.4
30.6
78.5
16.1
59.8
33.7
58.9

587.8
_
_
_
_
-

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

160.3
118.2
29.3

160.1
118.1
29.1

163.3
122.5
27.8

161.2
120.7
27.8

160.9
_
-

105.2
75.1
22.7

105.4
75.3
22.6

106.4
77.8
21.5

105.5
77.1
21.5

105.3
_
-

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

895.1
87.0
11.3
60.8
24.2
105.2
630.8

894.3
86.8
11.2
60.5
24.1
104.4
631.4

860.9
83.5
11.5
57.8
22.9
95.6
612.5

866.0
83.2
11.6
57.7
22.8
96.8
616.7

869.8
_
_
_

694.0
63.9
9.1
43.8
18.0
79.2
498.0

693.1
63.5
9.0
43.5
17.9
78.9
498.2

662.2
61.8
9.2
42.1
17.2
71.7
477.4

667.1
61.8
9.3
42.1
17.2
72.3
481.6

671.8
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods....

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

121.6
_
_
_
_
_
-

108.4
11.9
62.4
26.3
23.3
7.1
11.9

106.7
11.6
61.6
25.4
23.4
7.0
11.5

99.5
11.5
57.1
23.5
21.6
6.2
10.6

99.5
11.6
56.9
23.4
21.5
6.3
10.5

98.9
_
_
_
-

5,901

5,907

5,822

5,873

5,881

4,897

4,905

4,841

4,894

4,902

3,626

3,634

3,546

3,612

3,622

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

344.3
134.3
_
21.4
-

_
-

1,451.5 1,454.7 1,452.7 1,453.0
1,347.6 1,347.6 1,352.7 1,348.3
101.2
103.7
100.7
96.6

-

271.9
233.4

268.5
230.5

-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

357.7
140.1
32.2
24.1
131.2

367.3
141.3
32.3
24.4
139.3

297.0
145.0
31.0
24.0
66.7

374.3
147.6
31.3
24.2
138.9

_
_
_
-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,665.5 1,668.9 1,666.0 1,667.0
1,539.9 1,540.2 1,545.6 1,541.8
121.8
121.2
116.5
124.8

_
_
-

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement...
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services .

48
481
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles ...
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts ....
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials..
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
See footnotes at end of table.

52



50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039

Oct.
1991P

122.5
14.1
67.9
29.0
25.2
9.4
13.8

280.6
241.9

46

Sept.
1991P

122.5
13.8
68.2
29.1
25.4
9.5
13.8

281.6
242.9

Pipelines, except natural gas

Aug.
1991

130.0
14.1
72.7
31.1
27.1
10.3
14.6

40
4011

45
451
458

Oct.
1990

132.2
14.4
74.1
32.4
27.3
10.2
14.8

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

Sept.
1990

178.8
15.5
110.6

170.8
15.4
105.1

183.3
15.0
113.5

327.7
127.2
21.1
-

338.1
128.3
21.4
-

268.9
132.0
_.
21.4
-

_

180.3
15.0
112.1

_
_
-

_
_
99.3

_
_
92.5

99.5

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
100.6

769.8
641.0
101.0

772.1
645.8
99.1

755.7
626.2
100.2

750.9
622.1
100.3

_
-

18.6

18.3

19.5

19.4

-

13.7

13.5

14.6

14.4

-

_
153.6
120.7
107.2

_
153.9
121.8
107.9

_
148.7
117.6
104.4

_
148.7
117.7
104.5

_
_
-

353.7
194.1
154.1
131.8

355.8
194.5
155.2
133.4

352.2
191.8
152.5
132.9

351.4
191.4
152.1
132.7

_
-

2,275

2,273

2,276

2,261

2,259

-

-

-

-

-

1,310.0 1,309.5 1,292.6 1,288.0
908.0 906.3 891.1 887.8
236.4 236.4 231.9 231.2
117.7
118.4
120.0
120.1
113.5
113.5
116.4
116.3
132.7
133.2
129.2
129.9

_
_
-

974.9
649.6
195.5
107.6

976.5
650.4
195.8
108.5

983.0
656.2
192.3
112.3

979.4
653.9
191.5
112.1

-

-

965.4
456.3
164.9
193.5
120.1

963.9
455.1
164.9
192.9
120.7

983.0
460.8
167.5
193.4
129.4

973.3
455.0
165.3
191.2
130.3

_
_
_
_
-

764.2
351.8
128.8
156.4
103.4

763.9
351.2
128.8
156.3
103.9

777.2
356.5
131.1
152.8
111.6

767.8
351.6
128.6
150.4
112.5

_
_
_
_
-

6,220

6,209

6,085

6,065

6,059

4,999

4,986

4,882

4,864

4,862

3,622
459.6
119.6
269.2
150.6
69.4
81.2
235.4
121.0
44.2

3,613
458.7
120.2
268.1
149.7
68.7
81.0
233.6
119.8
43.7

3,517
453.4
119.8
264.4
141.9
65.1
76.8
228.5
118.2
43.2

3,493
450.7
119.3
261.9
140.9
64.2
76.7
226.7
117.4
43.3

3,485
_
_
_
_
-

2,880
370.6
_
121.3
_
191.4
_
-

2,869
370.3
120.4
189.4
_
-

2,789
365.0
112.7
185.9
_
-

2,765
361.5
111.9
_
183.8
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Professional and commercial equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

504
5045
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

769.5
298.0
140.2
496.1
204.2
62.5
229.4
279.1
96.6
116.4
801.9
84.7
119.3
329.5
146.1
289.1
108.4

768.4
295.6
139.1
498.7
205.0
62.3
231.4
278.4
96.0
116.2
796.2
83.9
117.6
328.4
144.8
290.1
109.0

751.3
279.7
133.0
486.7
200.4
59.7
226.6
264.9
90.1
110.4
778.4
78.1
117.9
318.2
144.0
279.3
103.2

744.8
275.5
132.9
483.5
199.6
58.4
225.5
263.7
89.7
110.3
770.8
77.9
115.4
316.1
143.0
278.5
102.9

51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,598
240.0
187.8
208.3
864.4
275.2
61.1
111.4
137.6
198.8
83.9
114.9
151.6
96.3
55.3
485.0
157.2

2,596
240.1
189.0
208.4
858.6
274.6
61.0
106.9
136.9
198.5
83.9
114.6
151.4
95.9
55.5
483.6
155.7

2,568
236.1
188.3
204.6
844.3
271.9
60.8
98.2
136.4
194.7
83.6
111.1
156.6
100.7
55.9
491.2
159.5

2,572
235.0
188.5
205.4
847.7
271.7
60.1
103.4
136.2
192.6
83.0
109.6
154.4
98.9
55.5
492.6
161.5

19,742 19,669 19,478

Retail trade

772.6
433.3
160.5

767.5
427.8
161.2

Oct.
1991P

2,574

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

619.4

619.5

605.5

598.9

111.0
375.1

110.3
372.2

104.7
365.5

105.1
363.0

224.9

223.7

211.8

210.1

636.4

632.3

615.7

609.2

230.0

231.0

222.6

221.7

2,119
193.6
158.0
164.8
727.5

2,117
193.8
159.0
164.9
720.9

2,093
190.7
158.3
161.4
707.3

2,099
189.3
158.2
161.9
711.4

98.3
157.8

98.0
157.4

99.9
154.9

100.1
153.7

124.5

124.5

128.0

126.0

392.6

391.4

398.4

399.7

19,378 19,292 17,484 17,422 17,204 17,097 17,010
751.4
417.3
161.6

629.4
356.0
133.9

617.7
349.3
132.4

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,472.0 2,508.5 2,306.4 2,304.9 2,339.4 2,315.5 2,352.7 2,163.9 2,162.0
1,981.5 2,010.5 1,841.1 1,841.6
2,097.9 2,125.8 1,942.6 1,943.3
142.7
149.0
146.9
143.9
159.7
158.5
164.5
162.0
193.2
177.7
187.1
178.9
203.1
212.1 218.2 204.1

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,230.5 3,246.2 3,230.3 3,218.4 3,233.6 2,969.2 2,986.2 2,963.6 2,949.0
2,671.4 2,683.0 2,658.9 2,646.3
2,890.7 2,901.0 2,881.1 2,870.6
50.9
50.3
49.5
49.6
25.9
25.9
25.3
25.2
168.8
167.3 167.3
147.4
165.6
149.0
149.3 150.6

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

2,099.5 2,083.6 2,064.3 2,054.0 2,048.1 1,750.2 1,735.0 1,719.8 1,709.2
937.1 931.9 905.4 905.6
750.9 750.6
777.5 773.0
277.3 277.3 280.3 279.9
346.0 345.9 349.5 349.6
565.7 559.6 557.6 551.1
654.0 647.7 645.8 638.4
8.5
10.8
10.5
10.6
8.9
8.8
10.8
8.7

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,143.9 1,152.1 1,120.6 1,096.7
86.4
95.8
85.3
95.9
394.6 399.6 377.6 372.8
277.1
279.0 293.2 282.5
218.5 218.9 211.1 204.5

762.7
423.7
163.2

Oct.
1991P

639.8
364.6
132.2

955.0
76.1
327.5
238.7
179.9

636.1
360.1
133.0

963.9
76.6
333.1
240.4
179.8

922.9
69.8
311.1
252.9
162.0

902.1
68.9
307.1
243.4
156.9

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ....
Radio, television, and electronic stores .
Record and prerecorded tape stores

1987
SIC
Code

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1990

814.6
458.2
279.7
79.5
276.9
115.1
62.3

Oct.
1990

818.2
460.0
280.7
79.0
279.2
116.6
62.4

Aug.
1991

797.5
450.2
275.3
71.2
276.1
116.9
58.7

Sept.
1991 P

Oct.
1991 P

798.6
450.6
276.2
70.8
277.2
118.1
58.3

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991 P

664.4
372.7

668.3
374.3

649.7
364.3

650.3
364.5

64.9
226.8
96.2
52.0

64.5
229.5
98.1
52.2

57.9
227.5
98.8
48.7

57.2
228.6
99.9
48.6

Eating and drinking places .

58

6,713.2 6,564.3 6,753.3 6,700.6 6,538.6 6,095.5 5,954.7 6,120.5 6,063.4

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods .
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,495.4 2,528.2 2,443.1 2,452.9
620.3 627.6
626.1
624.6
119.7
120.9
122.7
121.1
870.1
880.0 847.1
858.8
157.9
160.7
154.6
157.1
95.4
98.9
92.2
98.0
77.4
77.4
73.8
73.3
146.1
144.7
141.5
141.1
188.7
189.7
190.6
192.8
67.6
66.6
63.6
63.1
292.0 299.5 250.4 251.0
166.0
158.5
132.2
130.6
80.4
80.9
74.8
75.2
108.0
105.8
102.0
102.4
417.3 421.1
424.8 424.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance .

6,727

6,772

6,706

6,675

3,303

3,293

3,302

3,281

3,273

2,276.1 2,267.3 2,267.6 2,247.6
1,569.4 1,563.7 1,571.9 1,557.3
666.3
668.4
669.8 662.0
431.3
449.3 446.5 435.7
223.5
238.8 236.1
226.1
210.5 210.4
209.6 207.8
135.4
138.6
135.4
138.9

60
602
6022
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers .

61
614
615
616

373.4
126.8
79.9
155.9

373.0
127.4
80.3
154.6

377.1
126.2
80.5
159.7

377.1
125.9
80.3
160.3

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

427.7
324.5

425.6
323.2

428.1
325.5

426.7
324.7

24.5
78.7

24.3
78.1

21.9
80.7

21.4
80.6

Holding and other investment offices .

67

225.9

227.3

229.1

229.3

63,64

2,121

2,121

2,131

2,117

Insurance

622,3
628

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service.

64

666.2

665.8

667.1

664.5

65
651
653
655

1,340
575.4
579.4
154.0

1,313
564.0
568.7
149.7

1,339
582.9
575.9
150.6

1,308
568.5
563.,
146.5

See footnotes at end of table.

54



726.1

735.2

701.0

712.2

258.7

266.3

217.0

218.1

87.6
342.9

89.8
346.8

84.2
349.4

84.4
349.4

4,902

4,870

4,908

4,841

1,649.2 1,641.1 1,644.4 1,625.2
1,115.7 1,110.4 1,119.3 1,105.1

108.3

108.5

111.2

110.7

271.2
94.5

271.1
95.4

277.1
95.1

276.5
94.4

49.5

48.7

51.7

51.5

977.9
329.0
197.4
362.5

979.1
328.2
198.9
363.7

990.1
323.5
209.7
370.3

981.2
319.4
209.2
366.6

2,117

1,455.0 1,455.6 1,463.7 1,452.9
536.3
533.0
527.7
537.3
256.6
243.9 245.2 256.7
559.8
564.2 559.9
558.8
60.4
53.8
53.0
61.4

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance.
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers

2,094.8 2,125.5 2,033.8 2,043.6
523.7
523.4
529.7
521.7

6,764

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

Oct.
1991 P

1,285

4,817

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

28,508 28,554 29,004 29,005 29,106 24,873 24,922 25,281 25,268 25,354

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,693.4 1,631.7 1,725.1 1,652.5
1,644.5 1,587.3 1,630.5 1,600.3

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,092.9 1,099.6 1,083.4 1,104.5
437.9 430.2 429.1
435.1
74.6
67.4
73.0
68.8
373.7 375.6 380.9 386.3
84.7
84.4
83.6
84.0
96.8
105.6
106.1
107.3

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Data processing and preparation

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7374

5,365.1 5,363.4 5,379.3 5,414.4 5,423.8 4,727.0 4,722.8 4,713.4 4,749.8
161.4
230.2 229.8
170.3 169.4
238.7 237.8
162.3
162.2
161.5
168.5
169.4
114.7
107.7
114.3
108.1
262.6
247.8 253.1
268.9
787.5
809.1
783.6
732.3
799.3
722.8 709.4 705.1
1,647.6 1,628.8 1,570.7 1,607.4
261.1
272.8 257.1
273.1
1,330.2 1,311.6 1,267.3 1,300.1
1,374.5 1,356.0 1,313.6 1,346.3
844.8 844.5
618.1
790.5 793.6
621.3 660.6 662.8
168.2
134.0
124.7
168.4
123.6
157.5
156.5
133.0
128.7
127.6
115.2
115.3
199.9 209.4 209.5
198.6

738
7381
7384

1,308.9 1,328.2 1,356.3 1,356.1
489.4 490.0
469.0 475.1
82.1
78.2
85.6
85.0

Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Photofinishing laboratories

Oct.
1991P

1,459.2 1,404.2 1,447.2 1,415.4

386.3

388.5

379.9

379.0

335.0

336.8

342.8

347.0

92.5

91.6

82.7

90.7

1,158.5 1,175.1 1,195.9 1,197.7
440.4 445.6 457.8 458.6

774.3

772.0

756.5

753.2

441.8

440.4

432.3

428.7

382.8
124.0

324.0

322.7

312.3

311.5

387.3
149.3
106.5

340.2
124.0

340.1
126.6

342.4
124.3

317.8
118.3

79
799
7991
7997

1,134.4 1,029.9 1,281.4 1,178.2
780.2
897.6
669.2
772.9
127.0
126.9
125.7
129.4
295.6
343.3
255.9
287.6

994.5
679.1
116.3
254.4

896.4 1,132.7 1,028.9
583.3
798.3 684.0
113.1
112.3
112.2
225.2 305.3 259.4

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ..
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

7,925.7
1,373.4
514.3
280.4
1,432.6
983.5
204.3
244.8
3,570.0
3,287.3
103.9
178.8
172.7
302.3

7,957.8
1,376.8
513.8
283.6
1,441.0
989.0
206.8
245.2
3,580.1
3,296.5
104.0
179.6
174.8
306.0

8,314.0
1,450.0
533.3
303.2
1,525.7
1,043.8
221.1
260.8
3,676.0
3,382.6
102.1
191.3
188.8
334.8

Legal services

81

915.7

920.4

934.0

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

937.3
164.7
539.0

933.8
184.0
537.0

919.7
183.0
530.9

915.9
182.3
526.4

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

395.4
119.1

393.9
119.1

384.1
124.6

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

404.7
151.6
109.0

404.7
154.8
106.1

412.4
155.9
118.9

Amusement and recreation services
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

8,319.7 8,353.5 7,045.8 7,075.1 7,393.8
1,448.3
1,133.7 1,135.8 1,194.3
531.6
450.5 450.2 469.6
235.6
303.1
232.0
251.2
1,528.6
1,293.9 1,301.6 1,377.6
1,046.0
220.9
185.4
183.5
198.9
261.7
3,676.1
3,270.4 3,279.5 3,372.2
3,382.9
101.3
191.9
188.1
340.6
279.3 283.6
310.0
919.3

753.0

756.9

764.9

7,391.2
1,186.0
467.2
250.3
1,379.7
198.6
3,373.7

315.5
748.8

1,620.5 1,764.2 1,427.5 1,631.9
467.1
454.1
424.3 464.0
962.1 1,086.1 798.2 969.3
83.5
82.6
88.3
90.5

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services .
Child day care services
Residential care

1987
SIC
Code

83
832
833
835
836

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

1,818.9 1,852.7 1,916.9 1,959.7
465.2 468.7 495.7 491.2
237.4
240.6 240.9 252.9
515.0
467.3 486.0 455.4
530.0
477.7 483.5
533.6

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens .

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations .

86
861
863
864

1,926.6 1,935.0 1,979.6 1,930.4
105.8
102.1
105.8
104.4
138.9
137.1
141.4
134.1
405.5 414.1 459.5 413.0

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ....
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Noncommercial research organizations.
Management and public relations

87
871
8711
8712
872
873
8731
8733
874

2,493.7 2,497.9 2,467.1 2,447.7
791.4
793.8
768.4
759.6
612.6
614.5
597.7
592.7
127.6
128.4
121.5
119.2
527.8
521.1
508.3
507.2
551.2 553.0
559.1
552.5
235.0 234.3 236.0
233.8
145.3
143.7
150.9
146.8
625.7
627.6
631.3 628.4

Services, nee

89

Government.
4

4

38.0

68.3

72.3

37.8

36.8

18,066 18,593

17,271

2,965

2,991

411.7

428.8

Aug.
1991

400.1

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

455.0

1,891.2 1,895.9 1,880.7 1,858.1
651.3
649.0 633.8 625.0
508.4
506.5 498.3 493.0
95.2
101.2
93.0
100.8
384.8
369.0
390.0 375.1
398.7 400.8 407.8 403.8

37.1

456.4

456.1

464.0

460.3

30.3

29.9

28.9

29.1

18,147 18,657
2,973

2,969

3731

114.7
67.0

112.8
66.1

109.3
62.5

108.7
62.3

806

36.8
406.3
233.9

37.1
400.8
233.7

34.3
411.4
240.7

35.4
408.6
240.2

4,262 4,444 4,103 4,268
429.3 430.4 425.5 423.8
1,663.0 1,857.8 1,474.5 1,679.1

Local government
Transportation and public utilities
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions

10,817 11,184 10,177 10,906 11,262
461.2 461.0 461.1 457.7
686.2
658.9 661.5
687.7
5,936.7 6,362.0 5,045.9 5,979.7

4,426

1,668.3 1,657.2 1,692.5 1,670.6

3,424.7 3,382.4 3,628.8 3,462.2

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and




Oct.
1990

68.3

State government
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions

56

Sept.
1990

2,926.4 2,904.7 2,927.2
938.9 930.5
928.7
813.2 812.7
805.4
1,174.3 1,161.5 1,193.1
37.2
37.4
38.9
23.4
23.3
25.3

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

68.9

2,987

Federal Government .

Oct.
1991P

the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1990 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
July
1990

Aug.
1990

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

51,523

51,536

52,497

51,494

51,558

42,506

42,658

42,573

42,395

42,568

6,935

7,008

6,733

6,676

6,778

98

97

100

100

100

566

567

549

550

550

6,271

6,344

6,084

6,026

6,128

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,963
122
156
109
103
315
454
710
408
414
172

2,967
121
159
110
103
318
451
710
404
414
177

2,822
113
148
105
99
302
434
675
377
401
169

2,790
113
143
104
98
296
431
668
374
398
166

2,809
114
147
106
99
299
430
671
374
398
171

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,308
557
15
332
791
175
693
334
27
310
74

3,377
581
17
339
821
176
691
334
27
314
78

3,262
537
14
327
808
172
677
333
27
299
70

3,236
550
15
323
785
172
674
331
27
292
68

3,319
589
17
328
810
173
672
335
27
298
71

44,588

44,528

45,764

44,818

44,780

Transportation and public utilities

1,696

1,700

1,728

1,694

1,695

Wholesale trade

1,908

1,907

1,866

1,863

1,861

10,477

10,513

10,343

10,294

10,321

4,303

4,310

4,285

4,289

4,283

17,187

17,220

17,618

17,579

17,630

9,017
1,346
2,013
5,658

8,878
1,275
2,015
5,588

9,924
1,240
2,114
6,570

9,099
1,240
2,041
5,818

8,990
1,235
2,037
5,718

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1990 forward are subject to
revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1990

1991

Industry
Oct.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

July

May

Aug.

Sept.?

Oct.p

109,982 109,761 109,621 109,418 109,160 108,902 108,736 108,887 108,885 108,859 108,971 109,019 109,018
91,638

91,406

91,268

91,053

90,771

90,495

90,312

90,447

90,429

90,439

90,557

90,612

90,605

24,705

24,481

24,375

24,181

24,039

23,877

23,794

23,847

23,792

23,798

23,826

23,792

23,727

710
397

712
398

715
399

713
399

715
401

714
402

710
400

706
399

704
398

701
394

693
390

684
384

680
383

5,022
1,272

4,962
1,251

4,911
1,237

4,797
1,221

4,792
1,210

4,720
1,196

4,688
1,184

4,715
1,177

4,710
1,172

4,695
1,170

4,691
1,165

4,697
1,162

4,668
1,153

18,973

18,807

18,749

18,671

18,532

18,443

18,396

18,426

18,378

18,402

18,442

18,411

18,379

11,000
730
505
549
753
276
1,415
2,074

10,867

10,828
714
493
539
742
273
1,395
2,054
1,628
1,902
770
989
372

10,770
706
490
532
740

10,652
696

10,584

10,560
692

10,575

10,534
696
483
518
718
260
1,358
1,990
1,594
1,845
770
969
363

10,546
699
478
520
721
260
1,359
1,984
1,589
1,861
791
968
367

10,553
700
483
523
722
260
1,361
1,980
1,585
1,868
797
966
365

10,531
697
481
522
719
260
1,358
1,980
1,580
1,862
795
967
365

10,496
698
481
522
715
258
1,355
1,971
1,574
1,849
788
963
368

1,540
1,086
159
854
119

7,844
1,677
48
665
1,017
687
1,531
1,086
159
854
120

7,856
1,660
49
671
1,032
689
1,532
1,084
159
857
123

7,889
1,685
50
670
1,031
692
1,531
1,088
160
861
121

7,880
1,675
48
670
1,034
692
1,530
1,088
159
863
121

7,883
1,674
48
672
1,036
690
1,526
1,094
159
864
120

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Apr.

1,647
1,957

719
496
543
747
274
1,402
2,063
1,636
1,897

995
375

758
991
373

7,973

7,940

1,672
49
678
1,032

1,669

805

692
479
520
724
262

697
483
519

271
1,389
2,048
1,621
1,888
763
985
371

482
527
726
264
1,365
2,036
1,611
1,859
746
982
368

1,356
2,024
1,599
1,846
738
978
366

1,353
2,007
1,597
1,846
754
976
364

1,354
2,003
1,599

7,901
1,673

7,880
1,679

7,859
1,679

7,836

7,851

1,673

1,677

49
667
1,012
696
1,560

49
661

48
660

48
660

1,010

1,009
693
1,548

1,005

48
665
1,013

481

521
723
263

721
261

1,863
780

973
363

1,095
158
889
128

1,095
126

7,921
1,672
49
671
1,017
695
1,565
1,095
159
873
125

121

849
120

85,277

85,280

85,246

85,237

85,121

85,025

84,942

85,040

85,093

85,061

85,145

85,227

85,291

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities

5,855
3,582
2,273

5,852
3,582
2,270

5,867
3,595
2,272

3^591
2,275

5,834
3,562
2,272

5,824
3,549
2,275

5,814
3,544
2,270

5,819
3,556
2,263

5,809
3,546
2,263

5,809
3,550
2,259

5,820
3,564
2,256

5,825
3,566
2,259

5,831
3,572
2,259

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,190
3,613
2,577

6,180
3,604
2,576

6,166
3,596
2,570

6,138
3,576
2,562

6,119
3,562
2,557

6,105
3,550
2,555

6,086
3,535
2,551

6,085
3,528
2,557

6,068
3,517
2,551

6,064
3,509
2,555

6,050
3,500
2,550

6,047
3,493
2,554

6,041
3,485
2,556

19,663
2,491
3,238
2,075
6,586

19,628
2,470
3,243
2,070
6,596

19,579
2,444
3,242
2,067
6,601

19,542
2,431
3,243
2,053
6,608

19,464
2,415
3,237
2,042
6,582

19,378
2,396
3,245
2,036
6,561

19,324
2,372
3,226
2,031
6,560

19,339
2,356
3,225
2,031
6,571

19,345
2,358
3,229
2,034
6,571

19,347
2,347
3,232
2,038
6,578

19,343
2,349
3,227
2,038
6,563

19,339
2,340
3,228
2,036
6,569

19,292
2,323
3,224
2,040
6,558

6,746
3,305
2,127
1,314

6,740
3,301
2,128
1,311

6,733
3,296
2,128
1,309

6,736
3,296
2,136
1,304

6,732
3,295
2,137
1,300

6,735
3,297
2,140
1,298

6,718
3,292
2,134
1,292

6,712
3,287
2,132
1,293

6,703
3,281
2,130
1,292

6,688
3,275
2,122
1,291

6,687
3,276
2,123
1,288

6,691
3,284
2,121
1,286

6,695
3,286
2,123
1,286

Services
Business services
Health services

28,479
5,295
7,965

28,525
5,287
7,997

28,548
5,275
8,032

28,590
5,271
8,061

28,583
5,256
8,089

28,576
5,254
8,114

28,576
5,257
8,147

28,645
5,278
8,165

28,712
5,280
8,206

28,733
5,280
8,249

28,831
5,321
8,289

28,918
5,334
8,320

29,019
5,354
8,362

Government
Federal
State
Local

18,344
2,980
4,339
11,025

18,355
2,964
4,345
11,046

18,353
2,948
4,347
11,058

18,365
2,952
4,352

18,389
2,951
4,354
11,084

18,407
2,951
4,359
11,097

18,424
2,953
4,352
11,119

18,440
2,952
4,348
11,140

18,456
2,971
4,359
11,126

18,420
2,963
4,338
11,119

18,414
2,967
4,337
11,110

18,407
2,979
4,333
11,095

18,413
2,984
4,322
11,107

Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

699
1,573

49
677
1,023
697
1,568
159
877

1,094
158
868
124

11,061

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1990

58



694
1,553
1,093
158
861
122

1,091
158
852

691
1,542
1,089

159

690

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1987 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1990

1991

Industry
Aug.

Total
Total private

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

52,371 52,380 52,372 52,349 52,319 52,355 52,264 52,207 52,149 52,227 52,261 52,329 52,405
42,578 42,594 42,579 42,540 42,500 42,527 42,415 42,344 42,275 42,344 42,355 42,385 42,483
6,949

6,930

6,894

6,844

6,826

6,802

6,762

6,723

6,701

6,703

6,694

6,699

6,714

96

97

95

96

97

97

98

98

98

98

98

98

99

555

555

553

551

550

548

544

542

540

541

541

539

538

6,298

6,278

6,246

6,197

6,179

6,157

6,120

6,083

6,063

6,064

6,055

6,062

6,077

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,965
119
160
109
103
318
453
710
406
413
174

2,950
118
159
109
102
316
450
705
404
412
175

2,936
117
157
109
102
315
449
701
401
411
174

2,904
116
154
108
102
311
446
696
389
409
173

2,892
115
153
107
101
310
444
692
389
408
173

2,879
114
152
106
101
308
444
688
386
407
173

2,853
111
149
106
99
303
441
686
379
407
172

2,828
109
148
104
99
300
439
678
375
405
171

2,819
110
148
104
98
300
436
676
374
404
169

2,817
110
148
104
98
299
435
676
377
402
168

2,806
111
149
103
97
300
432
673
374
399
168

2,807
111
146
103
99
299
432
673
375
399
170

2,806
112
148
105
98
299
432
670
376
397
169

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,333
542
17
337
821
174
694
330

3,328
543
17
334
822
173
693
331

3,310
543
16
330
814
172
693
331

3,293
540
16
330
807
172
692
330

3,287
542
17
328
803
171
692
331

3,278
542
16
327
800
172
690
330

3,267
544
16
324
798
171
686
331

3,255
543
16
322
796
171
684
330

3,244
543
16
323
791
170
681
329

3,247
541
16
326
797
169
679
329

3,249
542
16
325
801
169
675
329

3,255
533
16
326
813
170
676
328

3,271
549
17
326
810
170
674
331

O

O

O

O

0

O

O

O

O

O

0

0

O

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

315
77

Service-producing

45,422
Transportation and public utilities

1,721
Wholesale trade

1,905

313
76

310
75

45,450 45,478
1,727
1,905

1,731
1,903

10,464 10,446

Retail trade

10,473
Finance, insurance, and real estate

4,276

4,273

4,277
17,292 17,332

Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

17,253
9,793
1,264
2,148
6,381

9,786
1,237
2,156
6,393

9,793
1,231
2,161
6,401

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




306
74
45,505
1,736
1,898
10,432
4,270
17,360
9,809
1,225
2,167
6,417

304
73
45,493
1,739
1,892
10,388
4,262
17,393
9,819
1,220
2,169
6,430

302
73
45,553
1,745
1,883
10,411
4,271
17,415
9,828
1,222
2,173
6,433

299
71
45,502
1,731
1,878
10,348
4,271
17,425
9,849
1,226
2,174
6,449

295
71
45,484
1,732
1,870
10,308
4,272
17,439
9,863
1,227
2,176
6,460

295
70

294
70

297
69

296
71

298
70

45,448 45,524 45,567 45,630 45,691
1,726

1,727

1,718

1,711

1,716

1,865

1,866

1,859

1,861

1,859

10,265 10,285 10,281 10,284 10,280
4,268

4,261

4,255

4,251

4,249

17,450 17,502 17,548 17,579 17,665
9,874
1,230
2,175
6,469

9,883
1,228
2,173
6,482

9,906
1,230
2,184
6,492

9,944
1,218
2,174
6,552

9,922
1,223
2,172
6,527

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1987 forward are subject to revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)

1990

1991

Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.

Total private

74,209 73,984 73,841 73,666 73,378 73,172 72,983 73,121 73,147 73,196 73,265 73,313 73,301

Goods-producing

17,252 17,048 16,958 16,787 16,658 16,534 16,477 16,530 16,507 16,535 16,563 16,532 16,507

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

512

512

513

511

512

511

509

503

500

499

490

484

483

3,876

3,821

3,773

3,672

3,658

3,599

3,565

3,598

3,597

3,588

3,585

3,592

3,573

12,864 12,715 12,672 12,604 12,488 12,424 12,403 12,429 12,410 12,448 12,488 12,456 12,451

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,287
600
397
426
571

271

1,235
1,028
1,158
570
486
269

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products,
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,577
1,204
36
580
864
525
871
600
104
688
105

5,543
1,202
36
580
854
522
867
598
104
677
103

Service-producing

211
1,041
1,244

1,038
1,211
613
488

7,172
590
389

7,148
585
386

421
566
210
1,030

419
562
209
1,024
1,228
1,022
1,168

7,098
578
384
411

7,000
569
377
406

559
207

548
201

1,018

994
1,215
1,007

486
268

1,223
1,014
1,158
577
486
267

5,524
1,206
36
574
850
521
864
596
103
672
102

5,506
1,208
36
571
844
522
860
594
102
668
101

582

6,956
564
375
400
546
199
990
1,209

1,135
561
484
265

1,125
553
485
262

6,948
566
377
401
544
200
989
1,198
1,001
1,130
567
481
261

5,488
1,213
36
565
843
522
855
592
102
660
100

5,468
1,213
35
564
842
521
851
591
102
651
98

5,455
1,207
35
565
840
519
849
591
103
649
97

1,000

56,957 56,936 56,883 56,879 56,720 56,638 56,506

Transportation and public utilities

4,852

4,854

4,868

4,869

4,840

4,834

4,825

Wholesale trade

4,968

4,959

4,946

4,924

4,904

4,894

4,879

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

17,409 17,370 17,321 17,277 17,202 17,132 17,072
4,886

4,876

4,863




4,862

4,851

24,842 24,877 24,885 24,940 24,911 24,916 24,879

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

60

4,863

4,869

p

6,964
570
378
400
544
199
990
1,191
1,005
1,148
592
478
260

6,943
570
379
400
541
198
992
1,183
1,004
1,139
588
475
260

6,971
573
375
401
544
197
995
1,177
1,005
1,163
611
474
264

6,983
574
379
404
545
198
995
1,179
1,004
1,169
615
471
263

6,958
572
379
403
542
198
996
1,177
998
1,160
610
468
263

6,942
574
378
404
539
196
992
1,176
996
1,150
603
467
266

5,465
1,211
36
570
847
519
844
585
102
654

5,467
1,213
36
571
850
517
841
583
103
656

5,477
1,197
36
575
867
517
845
580
103
658

97

5,505
1,220
38
574
863
521
843
583
103
662
98

5,498
1,214
36
574
864
521
844
580
103
664
98

5,509
1,213
35
577
868
520
841
589
103
666
97

97

99

56,591 56,640 56,661
4,834

4,825

4,834

4,878

4,864

4,861

17,083 17,081 17,078
4,854

4,851

4,837

24,942 25,019 25,051

56,702 56,781 56,794
4,836

4,846

4,849

4,843

4,849

4,843

17,067 17,063 16,993
4,826

4,831

4,831

25,130 25,192 25,278

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1987 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Sept.

Oct.

54.6
47.8
54.8

49.2
45.1
P50.8

56.6
41.4
P48.6

59.6
40.3

52.1
42.0

52.5
43.7
54.2

55.9
40.0
P 51.1

56.0
37.4

55.8
35.8

59.1
35.1

54.5
42.7
50.7

55.9
38.6

53.8
37.2

58.1
34.8

57.9
30.9

59.1
28.8

57.6
40.3

56.7
35.8

55.8
34.1

56.0
30.6

55.5
32.0

55.6
30.2

July

May

Aug.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991

64.5
58.1
38.5

59.0
58.1
36.9

58.7
52.2
38.6

53.9
48.7
38.5

52.7
52.8
51.1

53.8
48.3
45.8

52.9
46.6
51.3

Over 3-month span:
1989
1990
1991

67.6
58.8
31.6

65.2
59.0
30.8

61.1
54.4
30.3

56.2
50.7
38.3

54.5
48.7
39.5

53.9
49.4
48.9

54.9
45.6
51.7

Over 6-month span:
1989
1990
1991

67.7
56.6
26.7

65.0
55.2
31.2

63.3
55.2
29.5

59.0
51.8
34.3

56.5
47.6
41.2

Over 12-month span:
1989
1990
1991

65.3
54.6
30.2

65.2
54.5
30.6

62.2
51.4
30.2

61.5
48.3
P32.6

61.5
46.6

p

P

53.4
44.9
47.5

59.6
43.5

p

P

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991

Over 3-month span:
1989

1990
1991
Over 6-month span:
1989

1990
1991

58.6
46.0
31.7

50.7
51.1
28.4

48.9
41.4
29.9

47.5
47.8
38.5

47.1
41.7
46.8

44.2
39.6
46.0

44.2
43.2
53.2

45.7
40.3
53.2

38.8
38.8
P 46.4

48.2
34.5
P46.0

48.6
27.3

45.3
33.8

56.5
45.0
19.4

54.3
43.2
16.5

49.3
45.0
18.0

43.5
38.1
30.2

42.8
38.1
36.3

42.1
37.4
48.9

40.3
35.6
57.2

36.3
31.3
P56.5

39.9
27.0
P45.7

41.0
23.0

41.0
21.6

41.7
18.3

57.9
39.9
10.4

51.8
36.7
17.3

48.6
37.1
19.4

45.0
40.3
23.4

41.7
32.4
38.5

38.1
30.6
P45.7

38.1
24.1
P50.4

38.1
20.5

35.6
21.2

38.8
17.3

39.6
16.2

39.6
11.9

53.6
35.3
13.3

56.1
33.5
14.7

46.4
29.5
17.3

44.6
25.2

41.7
20.9

38.1
19.8

35.3
14.0

34.9
12.9

36.3
10.1

32.4
11.2

32.7
10.4

Over 12-month span:

1989
1990
1991

P

51.8
31.3
14.0

P

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent




indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1990) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1987) are subject to revision.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Constructior

Mining

Total
State and area

Sept.
1991P

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

1,648.3
424.0
136.9
179.0
136.1
67.0

1,628.0
420.6
134.2
178.0
134.3
65.3

1,635.6
423.0
133.9
177.9
134.1
66.6

3.3

3.4

249.2

256.8

250.6

12.5

12.6

1,498.1
987.5
254.8

1,489.6
980.4
255.7

1,520.5
998.0
263.1

12.6
.7
2.2

13.3
.7
2.4

943.7
57.0
82.1
256.6
34.7

955.4
56.1
81.7
256.4
33.9

969.9
57.1
80.7
259.6
34.5

12,920.8
1,219.2
171.3
242.2
4,290.4
126.9
909.7
236.9
744.9
637.3
113.6
999.1
978.1
833.5
150.5
148.7
160.6
143.7

12,765.7
1,202.5
170.9
241.6
4,222.9
128.4
899.9
232.8
744.4
633.4
115.0
983.4
977.5
825.3
149.3
148.3
163.2
143.9

12,835.5
1,208.2
174.5
246.4
4,243.1
126.2
907.9
233.0
754.6
636.6
114.9
989.2
978.2
821.2
149.3
151.1
164.3
144.2

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,537.3
118.1
848.3

1,545.4
116.2
855.6

1,559.5
120.0
862.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,637.8
191.2
478.1
64.5
256.6
119.8
84.9

1,582.8
184.8
450.9
60.4
244.6
119.3
79.0

1,590.7
184.5
454.5
61.6
247.5
118.1
79.9

348.2
299.7

342.0
292.1

344.0
294.3

.1
.2

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

687.4
2,242.9

676.7
2,199.7

679.8
2,208.2

.1
1.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,389.2
124.8
513.9
126.9
102.4
429.3
155.0
164.8
887.5
569.8
131.5
117.5
126.6
883.6
354.2

5,247.8
123.4
501.4
130.6
99.1
421.4
152.2
161.2
846.5
560.3
130.5
117.4
123.0
874.8
344.2

5,322.1
125.6
507.2
133.0
101.9
427.5
155.7
160.5
860.5
564.2
132.0
118.3
127.2
884.3
348.7

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

Tuscaloosa

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

62



Sept.
1990

4.1
(1)
.9

3.4

80.1
22.2
5.1
11.2
7.3
3.9

12.1

13.0

13.1

12.9

13.3
.7
2.4

85.2
57.3
15.1

81.3
52.7
15.8

81.3
53.0
15.5

3.9
.9

40.0
1.8
2.8
11.8
1.6

41.2
1.9
3.0
12.4
1.3

40.9
1.8
3.0
12.3
1.2

4.0

O

Sept.
1991P

81.0
22.8
5.2
11.5
7.6
3.9

()
(1)
(1)

()
(1)
(1)

Aug.
1991

82.1
23.7
5.7
11.1
7.6
4.4

1

1

O
(11)
()

12.7
5.6

12.8
5.6

12.9
5.9

Sept.
1990

(1)
.9

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

38.9
1.3
14.4
.6
8.4
2
()
3.2
2.1
1.4
.6
.3
.7
.6
.2
1.2
.5
.1
.7

38.0
1.1
14.0
.6
8.3
2
()
2.9
2.0
1.4
.6
.3
.7
.6
.3
1.2
.5
.1
.6

37.7
1.1
13.9
.6
8.2
2
()
2.9
1.9
1.4
.5
.3
.7
.6
.3
1.2
.5
.1
.6

681.6
69.3
11.3
15.1
161.1
8.9
53.6
18.4
70.9
42.9
4.6
62.5
38.4
35.2
7.4
11.5
10.1
12.2

642.9
65.2
11.6
15.1
151.2
8.8
50.6
17.4
64.3
39.4
4.5
59.6
37.6
33.8
7.4
11.0
9.6
12.0

639.6
64.0
11.6
14.8
150.9
8.6
51.1
17.4
64.1
39.6
4.5
58.8
37.6
33.6
7.4
10.8
9.4
12.1

20.6

19.3

0

11.0

19.7
(1)
11.4

69.0
3.9
35.3

71.3
4.1
37.3

71.8
4.1
37.0

1.1

.8

.8

66.7
7.4
18.1
4.8
10.7
4.7
3.8

57.0
6.5
15.0
4.2
9.2
4.3
3.2

54.7
6.1
14.1
4.2
8.7
4.0
3.3

.1
.2

.1
.2

20.8
18.4

19.7
16.9

19.6
16.7

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

14.6
136.6

12.6
120.4

12.5
119.5

7.7

323.6
8.0
35.0
12.7
4.2
26.2
8.7
9.0
38.8
37.1
7.8
9.5
5.8
49.6
25.7

266.0
7.4
28.2
12.2
3.9
22.8
7.6
8.0
34.3
32.6
7.9
8.3
5.3
39.9
21.2

263.2
7.4
28.0
12.4
3.9
22.5
7.8
8.0
34.1
32.6
7.8
8.0
5.2
39.7
20.9

O

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

7.8

8.4

(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

2

()

()

.4

.4

.4
(2)
(2)

.8

.8

.8
2

.6
3.5

.6
3.6

.7
3.8
(2)

.2

.2

.2
(2)
(2)

11.2

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

.5

.5

.6
(2)

O

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

388.8
58.0
33.4
28.0
18.3
10.4

380.6
55.5
32.3
28.0
17.6
10.4

380.2
55.2
32.3
27.9
17.4
10.4

84.4
32.7

84.8
31.9

84.5
31.7

3.2

3.1

3.1

10.1

10.9

11.1

5.8
2.1

5.7
2.1

17.5

22.6

17.1

22.3

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

185.2
138.0
26.3

179.7
133.3
25.4

179.3
132.9
25.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff

236.0
14.0
26.3
33.8
6.3

239.7
14.2
25.8
32.8
6.7

238.8
14.2
24.9
33.1

2,138.3
253.1
11.1
30.0
852.6
31.7
114.6
32.4
91.1
48.3
10.7
135.6
79.6
266.0
21.9
22.5
27.6
14.1

2,057.6
244.2
11.0
29.6
804.1
32.8
112.6
30.5
88.4
48.3
10.5
130.9
78.5
258.2
21.3
21.9
30.9
13.6

2,050.9
244.1
11.0
30.4
804.8
30.9
112.0
30.1
88.6
48.3
10.3
131.0
78.5
256.5
21.2
21.9
29.9
13.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

194.4
30.5
94.8

192.4
30.0
93.6

192.7
30.5
93.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury

339.7
49.7
83.6
18.4
43.4
19.1
20.0

321.3
46.0
77.9
16.6
41.1
18.8
16.9

Delaware
Wilmington ....

72.6
62.5

District of Columbia .
Washington MSA

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
~
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6.7

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

5.7
2.1

358.0
99.7
25.5
47.3
30.7
14.1

352.2
98.3
24.9
46.9
29.7
14.4

351.1
97.6
24.8
46.4
29.7
14.3

23.2

22.9

48.2

49.2

47.8

81.8
58.5
9.5

81.8
57.4
10.4

81.1
56.7
10.5

367.3
245.5
60.0

375.3
252.9
61.1

377.5
255.0
61.3

57.0

57.7

58.6

5.0
4.8

4.6
4.9

4.6
4.8

16.5
2.7

16.2
2.7

16.2
2.8

209.9
12.6
16.6
61.6
7.4

215.1
12.6
16.3
62.1
7.5

215.6
12.5
16.3
62.2
7.5

634.0
38.1
8.4
13.5
223.0

629.0
38.3
8.4
13.8
220.3
5.5
62.7
11.0
35.8
29.4

629.2
38.2

2,996.0
299.7
40.6
60.6
956.6
30.6
220.9
58.6
187.2
145.6
30.7
235.6
210.9
167.2
34.0
40.0
36.9
36.4

2,996.9
299.7
40.6
60.4
957.6
30.6
221.5
58.3
188.1
145.9
30.8
235.0
211.0
167.0
34.0
40.2
36.9
36.6

6.9
9.3

5.6
6.8
9.5

6.8

5.2

5.2

5.2

3,031.7
301.9
40.3
60.1
972.1
31.2
221.2
58.6
184.3
146.6
30.5
239.6
214.3
169.4
34.6
38.3
36.5
36.0

96.7

97.8

5.4

62.1
12.2
35.6
28.9
4.7
37.2
79.1
23.0
5.5

4.9

36.1
78.2
23.3

8.5

13.7
220.3
5.6
62.6
11.1

35.5
29.3
4.7
36.2
78.3
23.3
5.5
9.4

2.4

2.4

69.3

70.4

97.7
2.3
70.5

375.9
25.4
207.8

377.6
25.6
208.7

377.2
25.9
208.9

324.5
45.9
79.6
17.2
41.4
18.3
17.4

75.0

69.8

72.5

352.2
42.5
93.9
12.8
52.6
27.2
16.7

352.8
42.5
94.3
13.0
53.0
27.3
16.8

69.6
59.2

15.6
86.8

8.5

8.1

8.2

19.4

18.1

17.5

16.4
3.0
16.5

6.2
3.4

6.4
3.3

6.4
3.4

364.2
43.0
101.8
13.1
55.1
27.3
17.7

71.9
61.2

15.2
16.5

14.9
16.9

15.4
17.1

76.8
61.3

76.9
60.5

75.8
60.6

15.0
83.3

15.2
83.2

24.0
107.8

23.7
106.3

23.6
106.3

61.7
433.8

59.0
428.0

59.3
425.9

517.5
12.0
43.8
6.0

493.9
12.0
41.7
6.0

496.7
12.1
41.9

277.2

267.7

266.4

4.2

4.4

4.4

23.2
5.5
2.0

22.7
5.8

5.7

6.0
5.7

23.0
5.8

5.6

36.0
21.9
30.8
88.1
53.4
11.9

35.4
20.6
29.0
86.3
51.1
11.3

8.8
4.6

8.5
4.2

92.3
32.7

88.9
31.0

35.5
21.0
28.9
86.8
50.9
11.2
8.5
4.3
88.7
31.1

1,431.3
36.2
149.4
37.0
22.0
113.3
42.9
38.3
239.4
147.1
33.0
33.4
27.4
241.4
92.2

1,413.9
35.9
148.3
40.5
21.5
117.2
43.6
37.1
228.2
146.1
33.6
33.2
27.4
245.4
90.4

1,410.9
35.7
148.1
40.7
22.1
117.6
43.8
36.8
228.0
145.7
33.6
33.2
27.6
245.5
90.6

3.4

3.4

16.7

2.0

2.0

29.6
7.5
4.5
72.7
29.3

28.6
7.2
4.7
64.8
29.1

6.4
3.8
3.1

6.4

28.9
7.3
4.6
64.5
29.1
6.4
3.6

3.2

3.2

41.7
14.5

42.0
14.9

41.9
14.8

3.6

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991^

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

74.5
30.9
4.0
8.2
8.6
2.1

73.8
30.6
4.0
7.9
8.4
2.2

73.5
30.7
4.0
7.9
8.4
2.1

324.0
107.4
33.5
43.7
31.2
10.2

328.2
111.1
33.6
45.1
31.5
9.7

329.2
111.1
33.6
45.5
31.5
9.6

323.6
65.7
31.6
30.6
33.9
20.4

314.6
64.8
31.1
27.7
33.8
19.2

324.3
68.9
31.0
27.9
34.1
20.8

Alaska

10.3

10.5

10.3

53.1

56.3

55.0

72.3

69.3

72.5

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

95.3
76.1
11.7

95.3
76.1
11.7

94.8
75.7
11.7

407.6
276.1
74.1

420.0
282.4
77.8

423.9
286.0
78.4

263.1
135.3
55.9

242.9
124.9
51.1

269.3
138.0
58.0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

38.5
1.7
2.7
15.6
1.3

39.1
1.7
2.7
16.0
1.2

38.9
1.7
2.7
15.9
1.2

196.5
9.9
19.4
67.5
7.5

206.6
9.8
20.5
69.2
7.2

206.8
9.9
19.5
69.0
7.2

161.7
12.0
8.6
49.8
7.9

152.0
11.3
7.6
47.7
7.3

166.4
12.4
8.6
50.9
7.9

849.0
103.2
6.9
13.6
294.0
5.1
58.5
12.2
32.9
42.1
6.3
68.2
108.6
32.7
8.6
8.9
9.7
5.4

842.6
103.6
6.8
14.1
290.5
4.8
57.5
12.1
33.9
43.7
6.6
65.7
108.6
32.3
8.6
9.2
9.8
5.2

841.0
103.8
6.8
13.9
290.3
4.7
57.2
12.1
33.9
43.6
6.6
65.3
108.4
32.2
8.5
9.1
9.7
5.2

3,508.7
330.9
36.2
58.3
1,255.6
25.2
229.1
57.3
179.8
144.2
28.9
279.9
321.3
218.2
43.5
36.1
33.3
32.6

3,571.7
333.6
36.9
59.6
1,276.6
25.9
232.7
58.3
188.6
145.7
29.5
286.1
327.9
222.2
44.1
37.3
33.5
34.2

3,575.5
333.5
36.8
60.7
1,282.2
25.8
234.1
58.1
190.9
145.1
29.1
284.8
327.7
219.6
44.2
37.2
33.9
33.9

2,038.6
121.4
42.7
51.0
523.6
19.4
167.4
43.7
148.9
183.7
27.6
175.4
136.2
88.8
27.8
24.0
34.0
37.5

1,987.9
116.8
41.6
48.2
515.3
20.0
160.0
42.9
144.8
180.7
28.0
168.7
135.2
88.0
27.1
21.6
32.9
36.7

2,064.7
123.8
45.3
51.9
528.8
20.0
166.5
44.0
152.1
184.3
28.6
177.4
136.1
88.7
27.3
24.6
35.0
37.1

Boulder-Longmont
Denver

98.1
4.2
66.2

98.4
4.3
66.3

97.6
4.2
66.3

405.9
28.7
233.3

423.8
29.6
242.8

417.9
29.6
240.4

276.7
23.0
130.6

264.4
20.2
125.1

285.3
23.4
135.3

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

151.1
11.5
74.8
2.9
17.0
14.1
4.7

148.6
11.4
73.5
2.8
16.1
14.3
4.4

146.5
11.2
72.0
2.7
15.7
14.1
4.3

433.9
51.9
117.2
14.8
81.3
38.3
22.4

433.5
52.3
112.1
14.4
78.8
38.8
22.0

433.4
52.1
113.3
14.3
81.4
37.9
22.0

206.1
19.2
63.2
7.1
31.6
10.1
12.9

199.6
18.0
62.1
6.6
30.3
9.5
12.5

205.5
18.5
63.1
6.8
30.6
10.1
12.7

32.2
28.8

32.4
28.9

32.1
28.7

85.9
76.0

84.3
74.8

84.9
74.9

44.6
36.0

44.1
34.7

44.2
34.9

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

33.2
130.7

32.2
127.8

32.2
126.7

261.4
760.8

259.2
763.5

261.9
762.4

276.8
585.2

274.9
569.3

275.0
583.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

371.0
5.8
40.4
9.4
4.7
42.8
9.1
5.7
70.7
32.7
5.7
8.3
5.3
65.3
28.2

357.3
5.6
39.0
8.8
4.7
42.1
8.8
5.3
69.6
31.5
5.7
8.1
5.3
63.6
27.0

354.4
5.6
39.0
8.8
4.6
42.0
8.8
5.2
69.0
31.3
5.7
8.1
5.3
63.4
27.0

1,608.1
37.3
154.1
36.3
26.1
115.5
38.1
53.2
253.9
203.7
35.1
40.0
27.9
278.0
114.1

1,638.0
37.3
154.7
37.8
26.1
115.1
38.8
53.8
247.9
210.0
35.7
42.6
28.2
286.6
116.2

1,635.2
37.4
154.8
38.0
26.4
115.2
39.4
53.3
250.8
206.7
35.6
42.7
28.3
287.0
117.2

852.1
21.3
67.8
19.9
37.7
65.2
23.0
23.3
123.1
66.4
31.2
13.7
52.2
114.7
46.8

803.2
20.8
66.3
19.4
35.1
59.6
22.0
23.3
114.6
59.8
29.5
13.1
49.1
107.9
43.5

887.6
23.0
72.5
21.2
37.1
65.2
24.1
23.7
126.5
67.8
31.3
14.2
53.0
117.6
47.1

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Colorado

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

64



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991 p

3,009.6
49.9
67.2
1,491.0

2,951.0
50.2

2,952.6
66.1

97.0

65.8
1,460.1
182.0
97.7

129.2
114.5

126.9
113.6

Hawaii
Honolulu

520.7
402.3

Idaho
Boise City
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

8.4

8.8

8.4

150.0

.1

2.8
2.6

)

)

50.1

Sept.
1990

.1
1.2
.6
.1
.2

113.9

69.7
18.4
5.4
5.2
10.5

533.1
410.4

527.9
405.6

400.8
109.0

400.4
110.2

408.6
109.2

5,290.9
149.0
67.7

5,286.4
151.7
64.8
88.4

5,313.6
150.8
68.2

184.0

1,457.6
181.4

97.1
127.2

90.0
3,234.0
166.0
54.5
110.3

1.1
.6
.1
.1

20.2

2.1

136.1
7.2
3.6
8.4
1.9
12.2
8.5
6.3
3.7

230.3
9.5
2.5
2.8
136.1
7.1
3.7
8.9
2.0
12.1
8.6
6.2
4.2

227.6
9.3
2.5
2.8
134.4
7.1
3.7
8.9
2.0
12.1
8.7
6.1
4.3

7.5

127.9

128.4
1.5
2.8
3.8
7.5
10.9
16.8
40.6

125.5

1.5
2.6
3.8
7.5
10.7
17.6
40.0

1.5

1.6

2.9
2.4

2.8
2.6
8.1
2.7

36.8
226.1
151.9
138.1
107.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,554.4
50.9
57.5
103.0

2,523.4
49.5
54.8
104.9

2,551.5
50.7
59.0
104.8

8.3

136.2
206.6

137.4
205.3

139.0
206.9

2.1

251.0

679.1
47.5
72.4
55.5

247.1
684.9
45.5
66.4
53.9

251.2
689.4
45.9

121.4
59.7

119.7
58.7

72.1
57.1
123.2
61.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,238.0
94.6
233.6
45.8
55.4
55.5
71.0

1,223.9
93.9
231.6
44.6
53.9
56.1
69.3

1,241.8
94.0
231.9
46.1
55.1
56.5
71.9

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,089.8

1,081.4

38.2
90.9
242.9

35.9
89.6
245.5

1,098.7
37.7
89.8
247.7

1.9

1.9

1.8

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,490.4
202.5

1,490.5
198.6
492.6
36.4

1,498.0
199.8
489.3
36.8

35.9
.3
.6
.6

34.5
.3
.6
.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,611.1
46.8
237.6
57.7

1,613.5
46.8

1,630.4
47.0
240.2
59.6

55.7
.1

55.9
.1
.9
5.8
12.5
1.3
.4
13.9
2.9

58.4
538.7

133.7

98.9
68.9
60.1
540.2
134.8

2.2

0
0)

1.9

7.1
3.0

.6
2.2

2.2

10.6
16.8
40.5
1.6
2.7
2.5

7.9
2.7
50.9
4.7
10.0
1.9
1.8
2.9
2.6

52.2
4.8

43.8
1.9
3.7
10.1

44.9
1.8
3.8
11.2

44.8
1.7
3.7

34.2
.3
.6
.4

71.0

70.2
10.1
24.2
2.3

69.3
9.8
23.6
2.2

55.0
.1
.9
5.6
12.3
1.2
.5
14.0
3.0

95.3
3.3
27.2
2.0
4.4
6.1
2.7
23.2
6.3

96.3
3.5

97.0
3.4
27.0
2.6
4.4
8.0
3.6
24.0
6.7

()

0

0

13.9
3.0

1.2
2.8
3.7
7.6

51.3
4.7
10.2
2.0
1.8
2.8
2.5

0

1.3
.4

32.9
24.9

233.7
9.0
2.9
2.8

36.7
227.9r
150.6
134.

98.6
67.1

33.3
24.9

19.8

0

.9
5.3
13.0

32.3
24.1

19.9

36.4
221.5
151.0
139.9
105.7

236.4
59.6
100.2
69.1
57.8
540.1
133.2

10.2

23.1
6.3

54.0
109.0

483.8
36.8

10.4

23.3
6.5

54.5
108.0

2.2

5.8
4.6

61.0
16.7
5.5
4.8

21.4
6.7

n

o
o
o

129.7
3.0
2.5

3.1

3,218.5
164.1

132.3
2.9
2.5
61.6
17.2

Sept.
1991P

3.1

89.8
3,205.4
165.8

2.4

Aug.
1991

10.9
24.7
2.3

10.2
2.0
1.9
3.0
2.6

27.0
2.6
4.6
7.9
3.0
23.8
6.6

10.9

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991 p

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

555.7
8.3
15.2
170.3
41.5
20.8
19.3
17.4

542.9
8.1
14.8
169.9
41.8
20.4
18.6
16.7

544.6
8.0
14.9
170.6
41.7
20.6
18.5
16.9

200.9
2.9
2.0
130.6
4.7
3.3
5.2
9.5

193.5
2.8
1.9
124.8
4.6
3.3
5.3
9.4

194.3
2.7
1.9
125.8
4.5
3.2
5.3
9.6

751.1
11.9
15.7
407.7
39.2
20.6
29.0
27.4

728.6
12.4
15.0
392.3
38.3
19.5
28.6
26.8

723.4
12.3
15.3
387.6
38.0
19.5
28.7
26.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

20.7
15.7

20.5
15.2

20.3
15.1

42.3
34.5

42.1
34.5

42.2
34.4

135.8
102.5

136.0
102.1

135.2
101.5

Idaho
Boise City

65.8
16.1

63.4
16.5

65.3
16.0

20.6
5.8

20.6
6.0

20.9
6.0

100.5
27.4

101.5
27.0

102.1
27.0

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

985.2
38.2
7.7
9.9
560.4
32.7
14.6
19.9
5.8
48.4
33.8
48.8
4.3

973.9
38.6
7.8
9.7
556.6
31.5
14.5
19.9
5.7
48.8
33.0
44.0
4.2

976.1
38.7
7.8
9.7
557.6
32.4
14.4
19.9
5.6
48.7
33.1
47.3
4.2

308.1
3.7
3.2
2.4
209.3
7.4
4.2
8.5
2.3
5.9
7.0
4.8
4.8

306.9
3.7
3.0
2.4
207.9
7.6
4.3
8.6
2.2
5.9
7.1
4.8
4.8

309.4
3.8
3.0
2.4
209.0
7.6
4.3
8.7
2.2
5.9
7.2
4.9
4.8

1,262.4
39.6
15.6
18.9
754.6
47.6
12.0
25.4
8.9
58.8
35.6
30.1
22.9

1,277.7
40.8
15.1
19.0
770.7
47.3
11.5
25.9
9.1
61.9
35.6
30.1
25.4

1,274.9
40.6
15.5
19.3
770.2
47.1
11.4
25.9
9.2
61.3
35.8
30.1
23.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

639.8
16.4
9.4
51.1
30.7
51.5
57.2
111.3
19.1
14.0
11.5
21.9
10.9

629.4
15.9
9.1
52.0
31.2
50.9
55.9
110.8
17.4
14.0
11.1
20.9
11.4

631.3
16.4
9.1
51.8
31.2
51.1
55.7
110.9
17.5
13.9
11.1
21.0
11.4

132.9
1.2
1.7
3.4
7.0
13.9
16.7
44.1
1.4
2.0
2.7
5.6
2.8

134.9
1.1
1.8
3.2
6.9
14.5
16.8
43.9
1.4
2.1
2.7
5.6
2.8

134.8
1.2
1.8
3.2
6.8
14.4
16.7
43.8
1.4
2.1
2.7
5.5
2.7

602.3
12.1
13.0
18.9
35.4
51.2
59.1
172.5
10.5
14.8
13.2
31.4
16.0

601.6
11.9
12.2
19.3
35.2
50.9
60.5
176.0
9.9
14.2
12.9
31.3
16.2

598.8
11.8
12.9
18.6
35.3
50.6
60.1
175.3
9.8
14.5
12.9
31.2
16.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

238.2
21.9
26.7
12.6
4.4
11.0
17.2

232.0
21.3
26.0
11.4
4.8
10.6
16.8

232.9
21.2
25.8
12.9
4.9
10.7
16.7

55.9
6.1
12.4
1.7
1.4
3.1
1.8

55.5
6.1
12.3
1.7
1.4
3.3
1.9

55.0
5.9
12.1
1.7
1.6
3.3
1.9

311.1
22.7
59.4
10.7
11.2
14.1
16.8

311.3
22.5
59.0
10.6
10.9
14.1
16.8

310.4
22.5
58.5
10.4
11.3
14.0
17.0

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

186.3
4.7
9.1
64.0

185.6
4.7
9.2
63.9

185.9
4.7
8.9
63.6

66.7
1.0
7.0
11.7

68.2
1.0
6.8
11.5

68.9
1.0
6.8
11.5

267.9
8.3
19.8
56.2

268.4
7.7
19.2
58.0

268.0
8.0
19.1
57.8

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

287.8
33.2
88.2
6.7

284.2
32.2
88.7
6.6

283.8
32.2
87.0
6.6

80.7
9.0
31.3
2.2

82.9
9.4
31.6
2.4

82.1
9.3
31.5
2.3

354.9
45.2
121.1
9.6

356.0
44.4
123.7
9.4

355.0
44.8
123.4
9.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
,
New Orleans
Shreveport

187.0
3.2
22.9
5.9
9.1
11.5
7.7
45.6
18.1

184.7
3.2
23.4
6.1
9.5
10.0
7.8
45.0
17.6

185.2
3.2
23.4
6.0
9.5
9.9
7.9
44.5
17.4

111.8
2.4
11.1
6.8
7.1
4.3
3.1
44.4
8.1

110.8
2.4
11.3
6.7
7.1
4.6
3.0
43.8
8.2

111.0
2.4
11.3
6.7
7.0
4.6
3.0
44.0
8.1

372.9
10.5
53.9
14.7
25.3
15.6
14.9
134.1
31.8

378.5
10.5
54.7
14.9
26.0
15.9
15.0
133.8
32.9

378.8
10.5
54.8
14.7
26.0
15.7
15.1
134.3
33.1

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

66



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1990
163.6
2.1
2.2
108.1
6.2
6.2
7.9
5.0

Hawaii
Honolulu .
Idaho
Boise City

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

163.0

162.1

2.2
2.1

2.2
2.1

107.9
5.9

107.5
5.9

6.5
8.4

5.3

37.5
30.1

Sept.
1990
651.4

Aug.
1991
653.7

Sept.
1991P

653.4

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

9.1

9.3

9.2

6.5
8.4
5.4

10.9
383.1
36.9
20.0
27.3
27.8

11.1
381.2
37.4
21.1
26.7
28.6

11.5
380.6
37.7
20.9
26.7
28.8

528.2
12.8
18.5
220.4
36.5
20.6
35.1
16.9

528.6
12.5
18.3
221.3
36.2
21.0
34.6
16.4

536.7
12.7
17.8
223.4
36.3
20.8
34.7
16.5

38.0
30.5

37.9
30.3

155.4
116.1

159.7
118.6

160.4
119.0

96.7
79.3

103.5
84.6

99.0
80.4

20.0
8.3

20.6

20.6

8.3

8.4

84.7
24.6

88.0
26.1

88.5
25.7

83.7
20.1

79.9
19.8

85.0
19.8

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline.
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

375.5
8.2
11.2
3.3
268.5
7.8
2.3
3.7

376.9

375.3

8.5

8.4

11.4

1,375.1
35.2
14.9
19.0
918.8
37.9
12.5
25.3

753.3
15.8
13.0
34.5
373.3
25.8
5.6
17.6

9.7

6.4

53.3
42.2
32.1
27.5

31.4
16.9
12.7
34.6

16.4
5.8
29.5
15.7
11.3
35.3

755.4
14.8
13.1
33.5
375.3
26.1
5.9
17.8

51.5
41.5
31.7
27.3

1,377.5
35.7
15.0
19.1
913.8
38.5
12.6
25.5
10.0
56.1
42.9
32.3
30.6

723.3
14.9

11.5

1,352.5
34.5
14.1
18.0
900.8
37.3
12.2
24.5

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette ...
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

540.4
11.4
10.4
16.6
35.1
47.4
58.7
160.2
7.4
13.2
12.2
37.2
12.9

548.2
11.2
11.9
18.1
36.3
47.5
59.7
161.3
7.6
13.3
12.8
35.3
12.8

552.6
11.4
11.9
18.1
36.4
47.4
60.6
161.8
7.6
13.2
12.7
38.8
13.1

379.8
6.7
18.5
6.3
13.2
19.2
33.2
100.3
6.3
22.5
11.9
11.9
11.6

346.2
6.3
15.0
6.0
12.9
17.5
28.7
98.5
6.2
16.9
10.1
11.9
10.1

375.2
7.0
18.7
6.9
14.3
19.7
32.8
104.1
6.7
22.7
13.3
12.2
12.0

294.9
23.3
60.5
13.7
16.7
16.5

302.6
23.2
61.5
13.7
10.0
16.8
17.1

216.1
11.5
31.5
3.9
25.4
6.2
13.0

203.6
10.9
30.7
3.6
23.6
5.8
11.3

216.3
11.5
31.4
3.9
24.1
6.2
13.2

194.9
10.7
20.9
26.0

212.3
12.2
21.8
28.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins ....
Savannah

3.3

3.3

268.4
7.8
2.3
3.8

266.6
7.8
2.3
3.8
1.8

2.1

1.9

13.3
7.7
5.5

13.5
7.8

8.1

13.6
7.7
5.6
8.1

123.1

127.1

1.6
1.9

1.6
1.9

2.9
5.3
12.8

2.5
5.5
13.2
8.6
53.0

125.8
1.6
1.9
2.4

8.4

49.9
1.4
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

69.5

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1.4

3.1
1.7
6.6
2.1

72.2
5.0
32.9
1.6
1.5

5.5
8.1

5.4

13.1
8.5
52.2
1.4
3.0
1.7

6.6
2.1

2.6
3.4

2.6
3.4

293.7
23.0
61.6
13.4
9.8
15.8
16.6

57.8

58.7

57.9

244.9

250.7

251.1

1.6
6.3

1.6
6.4

1.6
6.4

8.2

8.4

8.5

11.3

11.5

11.4

23.2
58.8

23.3
61.5

23.1
61.9

212.5
12.5
21.8
28.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

61.6

62.0

61.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

4.7

31.8
1.5
1.4
2.5
3.1

71.5

9.0

5.0

32.6
1.6
1.4

9.8

9.9

32.1
362.8
24.3
5.1

6.3

31.3
17.1
12.1
34.7

9.3

9.7

9.6

27.9

28.2

28.1

333.9
50.6
126.3

341.3
50.1
130.5

341.4
50.3
129.1

264.6
44.0
63.7

259.4
42.4
65.1

271.0
43.5
65.8

1.5

1.5

1.5

8.4

8.6

8.6

5.5

5.2

5.8

78.7

79.3

79.1
2.0
13.0
2.1
3.4
2.8

381.3
12.4
54.6
10.8
22.6
14.8
13.3
156.1
33.8

381.1
12.6
55.4
11.1
23.3
15.7
13.4
156.5
34.0

385.1
12.6
55.0
10.9
22.7
15.6
13.6
159.4
34.3

328.4
12.8
54.0
10.1
13.7
10.9
12.0
89.6
26.3

326.9
12.4
50.7
10.3
13.8
10.9
10.7
92.1
24.3

339.2
12.8
54.8
11.0
13.6
11.1
11.9
88.6
25.6

2.1

2.1

13.0
2.1

13.0

3.4

2.6
4.3
31.8
6.3

2.1

3.4
2.8
4.5

4.5

31.2
6.7

31.4
6.6

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

(Construction

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991"

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

544.9
40.1
131.6

519.8
37.2
125.6

524.2
37.9
125.8

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,185.0
1,156.1
471.2
781.4

2,146.8
1,138.1
462.0
766.6

2,151.4
1,137.5
461.4
772.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

2,957.4
1,651.6
70.0
52.1
38.1
155.3
98.8
64.7
41.8
233.3
190.2

2,795.5
1,574.2
66.2
50.0
35.4
145.3
91.9
62.8
41.2
223.5
176.8

2,805.4
1,578.5
66.7
50.6
36.0
146.4
93.2
61.6
40.7
225.3
178.9

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,970.0
180.8
61.2
68.2
1,946.6
175.3
362.2
55.8
117.4
214.6
60.0
166.0

3,851.4
170.4
59.3
66.9
1,887.6
170.1
358.9
53.8
111.9
208.8
59.3
167.2

3,897.5
180.9
60.4
67.1
1,893.1
169.9
363.7
54.5
115.6
211.0
63.3
167.5

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,150.6
100.6
1,376.0
67.2
80.1

2,144.1
99.2
1,377.8
67.4
78.9

2,159.6
100.2
1,383.2
67.5
82.0

947.5
188.0

936.5
185.4

954.4
189.0

2,362.1
789.2
1,194.5
123.4

2,316.8
785.6
1,169.9
120.6

2,343.6
788.1
1,179.1
123.4

Montana

303.5

305.1

309.3

6.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

738.5
123.2
334.2

769.4
123.2
349.0

777.7
126.0
350.0

1.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

640.1
386.4
146.9

639.8
387.2
145.1

644.2
389.4
146.8

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

513.8
81.7
88.5
115.6

484.8
78.0
81.8
108.2

489.4
78.6
84.1
108.9

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,664.0
182.8
651.8
447.2
249.2
545.1
335.4
935.2
196.7
60.5

3,576.1
185.9
625.1
437.4
235.5
538.8
343.7
911.8
189.5
59.3

3,560.1
178.5
624.6
438.7
236.1
538.3
331.6
909.3
190.2
59.5

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

68



0.2
/2\

I2\

Sept.
1991P

0.2

26.1
1.8
5.7

25.7
1.8
5.8

2.2
.6

162.0
77.5
19.5
70.1

155.5
73.9
18.2
65.6

153.4
72.9
18.0
65.1

1.6
.7

101.5
51.7
2.3
1.9
1.6
5.8
3.7
2.6
2.3
8.4
6.9

78.5
41.8
2.3
1.7
1.2
4.6
3.3
2.1
2.1
6.6
5.1

77.6
41.3
2.3
1.7
1.2
4.5
3.3
2.1
2.0
6.4
5.1

150.5
5.5
2.6
2.1
67.2
5.7
17.6
2.5
4.3
6.8
2.9
8.6

140.3
4.1
2.6
2.3
62.4
5.4
16.5
2.2
4.0
6.7
2.6
8.6

137.2
3.9
2.5
2.2
62.6
5.4
15.9
2.2
3.9
6.3
2.6
8.7

9.0
5.5

89.6
4.0
54.7
2.6
4.4

86.9
4.2
52.5
2.4
3.9

85.6
4.2
51.5
2.4
3.9

5.8
.6

38.4
7.8

35.4
7.1

35.2
7.0

4.9

106.1
34.1
58.6
5.0

106.5
35.2
55.8
5.1

104.1
35.1
54.5
5.0

6.2

6.0

12.4

12.4

12.4

2.0

1.9

29.2
4.3
13.8

35.4
4.5
15.5

35.0
4.4
15.4

14.5
.2
1.5

50.8
36.6
7.9

47.0
33.7
7.7

46.9
32.9
7.8

.4

23.2
3.4
3.2
3.9

18.5
2.5
2.0
3.5

17.7
2.4
2.0
3.5

2.3

150.4
8.0
28.5
23.5
6.6
22.5
15.8
35.8
4.7
2.3

133.1
7.0
24.6
22.2
4.7
20.6
14.7
32.8
4.5
2.3

132.6
6.6
24.8
21.9
4.8
20.3
14.6
33.0
4.5
2.3

2

( )

2.2
.5
(1)

()
(1)
1.5
.6

0
1.6
.7

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

( )
(2)

2

(2)
(2)
/2\
/2\
(1)
(2)

( )

.1
.2
.2

.1
.2
.2

8.1

1.1

9.4
()
()

1.2

1.2

1

1

()
(1)

()
(1)
(1)
()
(1)

01
()
()
0

01
()
8.9
5.5

(2)
(1)
(1)

.1
.2
.2

9.5
(1)
(11)
()

(1)
(1)
(1)

(2)

()

9.1
5.5
(2)
(1)

n
6.0
.6

(1)

5.9
.6
4.9

5.3
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

0
0

(1)
1

( )
(1)

(1)
(1)

0
14.7
.3
1.5

(1)

0

14.9
.3
1.5

.5
(1)

.4
(1)

(1)

( )

( )

1

( )

(1)

(1)

(1)

2.4

2.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

0

(1)

(1)

9

(1)

(1)

.7

()
.8

0

(1)

.7

0

1

.7
(1)

.6
(1)

.4

Sept.
1991P

30.1
2.0
6.9

(2)

(2)

1

()
(1)

Aug.
1991

0.2

(2)

2.1
.5
1

Sept.
1990

.4

.5

0

.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
oublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

103.5
8.9
16.7

97.1
8.2
16.3

96.7
8.2
16.4

22.7
1.4
6.5

22.3
1.3
7.3

22.2
1.3
7.0

137.0
10.6
39.3

133.2
9.9
37.0

130.7
9.9
35.7

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

206.8
130.3
44.9
35.8

199.0
124.5
43.4
35.2

198.5
124.3
43.2
35.5

103.1
57.1
28.3
32.6

100.9
56.1
27.7
33.4

101.5
56.6
27.8
33.7

536.6
269.3
87.6
197.7

530.8
265.5
85.2
197.5

526.4
264.6
84.9
195.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

515.3
237.3
9.2
13.9
10.9
44.2
30.5
15.8
9.3
45.8
40.0

482.2
224.2
8.3
13.1
10.5
41.6
28.7
15.3
8.7
43.5
37.5

482.4
224.6
8.4
13.1
10.3
41.6
28.3
15.3
8.8
43.8
37.5

129.2
75.1
4.7
2.0
1.4
6.4
5.1
2.9
1.2
10.3
9.1

120.4
72.4
4.1
1.7
1.2
5.6
4.6
2.7
1.3
9.7
8.2

124.0
72.8
4.1
1.7
1.3
5.8
5.1
2.8
1.3
10.2
8.3

701.6
363.9
22.5
13.1
9.7
36.5
22.1
16.9
9.7
53.5
45.3

648.6
340.2
21.3
13.1
9.0
34.3
20.6
16.2
9.4
50.6
42.0

649.3
342.2
21.3
13.1
9.1
34.2
20.9
16.1
9.3
50.8
42.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

953.9
39.6
16.2
22.1
448.3
53.2
103.2
13.2
29.6
31.9
16.5
44.5

893.7
35.1
15.6
21.2
423.9
47.9
100.7
12.0
28.3
28.4
16.0
43.9

905.7
37.7
15.6
21.2
426.4
47.6
101.6
12.2
28.5
31.7
16.0
43.6

160.2
5.3
1.6
2.8
90.4
4.6
12.3
3.9
3.3
5.8
2.2
6.4

157.7
5.4
1.6
2.8
89.8
4.7
11.9
3.6
3.5
5.9
2.2
6.3

158.3
5.4
1.6
2.8
90.2
4.8
11.9
3.6
3.5
5.9
2.2
6.3

944.3
32.1
12.8
14.6
470.5
44.1
97.1
13.7
26.8
47.6
14.7
41.3

931.9
31.7
12.8
13.9
458.2
43.7
98.5
13.6
25.3
47.0
14.7
43.1

927.4
32.5
12.8
13.7
452.3
43.4
98.7
13.5
25.6
47.3
14.6
42.8

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

406.4
8.9
260.9
12.3
14.7

402.1
9.0
256.6
11.9
15.8

400.0
9.3
255.5
11.8
15.6

110.6
6.3
77.6
1.9
3.9

107.6
6.2
75.6
1.9
4.2

110.3
6.2
77.3
1.9
4.2

522.8
24.8
331.2
13.6
23.3

525.4
24.2
333.3
13.6
23.6

522.5
24.3
331.6
13.5
23.5

Mississippi .
Jackson ....

248.2
21.7

246.5
21.6

248.1
22.1

45.9
12.9

45.3
13.0

45.4
13.0

200.5
44.4

204.4
44.5

204.3
44.6

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

436.7
109.7
224.8
22.0

420.2
109.3
211.2
21.7

419.5
109.5
210.7
21.7

155.7
63.8
78.8
7.6

151.9
63.6
77.7
7.4

154.1
63.9
78.1
7.5

564.9
200.5
281.4
35.3

558.5
199.0
280.4
34.7

556.4
198.2
277.1
34.9

Montana ..

23.3

23.3

23.2

20.4

20.5

20.5

80.1

82.2

81.5

Nebraska .
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

99.9
15.3
37.5

103.2
15.3
40.0

103.7
15.3
40.3

46.0
6.8
23.4

46.2
6.9
23.4

46.3
7.0
23.6

186.9
26.6
82.6

195.1
26.3
86.0

195.1
26.9
85.1

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

27.0
11.0
8.8

26.5
10.1
8.9

26.5
10.1
8.8

33.0
19.7
9.8

33.9
20.5
9.8

33.8
20.4
9.8

128.2
76.9
34.4

130.1
78.3
34.0

130.4
78.8
34.1

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...

106.0
11.1
30.5
20.6

99.7
11.0
28.5
19.8

100.5
10.7
29.1
19.8

17.9
4.7
2.3
3.1

16.4
4.6
2.2
2.9

16.9
4.6
2.2
2.9

129.8
21.4
20.9
30.2

122.6
19.7
19.5
28.5

119.5
19.8
19.1
27.7

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

600.0
7.6
136.5
66.6
40.1
107.2
25.5
158.3
26.5
15.9

556.8
7.0
126.1
61.9
35.7
104.5
23.3
147.8
24.8
15.1

558.6
7.2
126.9
62.2
35.8
104.7
22.9
149.2
24.7
15.4

239.1
7.1
30.7
19.1
30.6
42.4
15.3
77.6
7.3
2.5

228.8
7.3
28.7
18.8
27.5
41.3
15.4
75.5
6.8
2.4

233.7
7.2
28.8
19.2
27.7
43.7
15.7
76.9
7.5
2.3

877.7
41.8
185.6
120.6
63.2
132.9
92.5
185.9
31.3
11.6

854.1
46.3
175.6
115.5
61.7
126.6
95.4
178.0
29.6
10.6

849.0
40.5
175.9
116.7
61.4
127.7
90.1
178.5
29.7
10.5

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

25.0
2.3
12.2

25.4
2.2
12.6

25.2
2.1
12.6

132.2
10.6
34.6

134.1
10.2
33.4

129.8
10.5
32.8

94.2
4.3
15.4

81.4
3.6
13.3

93.7
4.1
15.5

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

132.0
75.5
44.8
46.8

130.5
74.8
43.7
45.9

128.7
74.0
43.0
45.3

629.1
332.7
155.2
236,1

630.8
335.3
153.8
237.5

627.9
333.4
154.4
235.0

413.3
213.2
90.9
162.3

397.1
207.5
90.0
151.5

412.8
211.1
90.1
161.6

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

213.4
144.9
3.2
3.3
1.4
5.9
3.4
2.4
1.9
15.3
14.0

207.3
138.0
3.1
3.2
1.4
5.5
2.9
2.5
1.9
14.2
13.8

205.7
137.1
3.1
3.1
1.4
5.5
2.8
2.4
1.8
14.1
13.6

914.4
584.1
16.1
11.0
8.7
36.5
21.4
14.8
12.8
62.6
51.4

899.8
574.2
16.2
11.0
8.4
35.8
20.4
15.1
13.3
63.4
48.3

896.7
572.9
16.3
11.0
8.5
35.5
20.6
14.1
13.0
63.8
49.2

380.5
194.0
12.0
6.9
4.4
20.0
12.6
9.3
4.5
37.2
23.3

357.1
182.7
10.9
6.2
3.7
17.9
11.4
8.9
4.4
35.3
21.7

368.1
186.9
11.2
6.9
4.2
19.3
12.2
8.8
4.4
36.0
22.9

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

192.1
4.7
3.4
2.6
113.2
6.6
16.0
1.8
5.4
13.0
1.5
6.3

195.1
4.9
3.5
2.7
114.8
6.5
16.8
1.8
5.6
13.5
1.5
6.5

193.1
4.8
3.5
2.6
113.4
6.5
16.6
1.7
5.7
13.4
1.5
6.4

948.3
40.6
13.1
15.2
526.0
37.5
81.7
11.1
28.9
44.5
12.9
39.1

955.6
41.4
12.6
15.3
520.2
40.1
83.3
11.3
29.8
44.5
13.5
40.0

957.8
41.6
13.1
15.4
519.6
40.0
84.5
11.4
29.6
44.5
13.4
39.7

612.6
53.0
11.5
8.8
230.0
23.5
34.3
9.7
19.1
65.0
9.2
19.8

567.4
47.8
10.7
8.9
217.1
21.7
31.2
9.2
15.3
62.7
8.7
18.7

608.6
55.1
11.3
9.1
227.4
22.1
34.7
9.8
18.9
62.0
13.1
20.0

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

124.9
3.3
97.1
1.8
2.5

127.7
3.3
99.3
1.8
2.6

127.1
3.3
99.0
1.8
2.6

561.2
25.5
374.9
28.7
18.2

574.9
25.8
385.1
29.8
17.8

576.6
25.8
386.4
29.6
19.0

326.2
22.3
179.0
6.3
13.1

310.4
21.0
174.8
6.0
11.0

328.5
21.6
181.3
6.5
13.2

38.8
14.2

39.1
14.1

38.9
14.1

162.4
44.3

165.9
45.5

168.1
45.5

207.2
42.1

194.0
38.9

208.6
42.1

138.8
59.4
76.6
5.3

139.9
59.9
76.5
5.4

138.5
59.2
75.9
5.4

587.6
199.6
329.6
33.1

593.4
202.6
337.4
33.1

595.4
201.4
337.1
34.1

367.0
122.1
144.7
15.1

341.5
116.0
130.9
13.2

370.7
120.8
145.7
14.8

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

13.5

13.9

13.6

77.7

80.0

79.5

69.7

66.6

72.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

48.4
8.4
28.7

50.3
8.6
29.6

50.0
8.5
29.4

183.1
28.7
101.1

193.5
29.4
106.6

194.3
29.9
106.3

143.2
33.1
47.1

143.7
32.2
47.9

151.4
34.0
49.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

28.8
18.6
7.3

29.1
19.1
7.4

29.0
19.0
7.4

279.8
183.1
58.9

280.1
184.2
58.0

279.5
184.3
57.9

77.8
40.2
18.3

78.2
41.0
17.8

83.6
43.7
19.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

31.5
8.4
3.5
7.1

31.1
8.4
3.5
7.2

30.8
8.3
3.4
7.1

130.6
23.9
20.3
23.9

130.9
23.5
20.2
23.3

130.9
23.9
20.8
23.1

74.3
8.8
7.8
26.8

65.2
8.3
5.9
23.0

72.7
8.9
7.5
24.8

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

239.0
6.8
37.4
24.3
16.7
42.1
19.3
74.2
11.3
4.3

235.7
6.6
35.9
24.2
16.6
43.2
19.4
72.8
11.6
4.4

231.6
6.5
35.3
24.0
16.5
42.3
19.0
71.5
11.1
4.4

999.4
84.6
165.1
119.8
50.9
123.9
102.7
270.4
59.6
11.1

1,015.1
84.7
168.4
121.8
49.3
129.4
109.5
274.0
58.8
11.7

1,004.3
82.5
166.8
120.3
50.1
126.8
105.0
272.1
60.0
11.9

556.0
26.9
68.0
73.3
41.1
73.4
64.3
132.2
56.0
12.4

550.2
27.0
65.8
73.0
40.0
72.5
66.0
130.3
53.4
12.4

548.0
28.0
66.1
74.4
39.8
72.1
64.3
127.6
52.7
12.4

See footnotes at end of table.

70



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

30.7
13.0
2.1
3.4

30.4
12.6
2.0
3.4

327.1
20.9
5.5
21.0
1.8
2.5
55.3
143.7
113.5
4.7
4.5
6.2
21.0
4.5
17.4
5.2
23.8

298.1
18.5
4.7
20.5
1.8
2.2
50.2
126.6
99.9
4.3
4.0
5.7
19.1
4.0
15.3
4.6
21.0

294.0
17.9
4.7
20.4
1.8
2.1
49.7
126.1
99.5
4.3
4.0
5.5
18.7
3.9
15.1
4.6
20.9

5.2

167.0
4.7
38.0
25.1
22.7

158.4
4.5
37.0
23.6
21.8

157.0
4.5
36.8
23.6
21.6

4.8

11.9
2.2
4.4
1.5

12.6
2.6
4.4
1.4

12.3
2.6
4.2
1.4

16.9
.6
.8
.4
.5
.9
.4
.2
.4

16.7
.6
.8
.4
.5
.9
.4
.2
.3

216.4
11.6
8.2
35.4
37.8
31.7
16.9
12.6
9.5

220.4
11.6
8.4
36.1
38.7
32.5
17.2
12.3
8.8

216.3
11.2
8.2
35.5
37.8
31.9
16.8
12.1
8.6

44.0
.9
.3
10.1
11.8

42.8
.9
.3
9.0
12.4

41.9
.8
.3
9.2
12.3

38.8
.7
1.0
12.5
11.9

36.2
.6
1.0
12.0
12.3

36.1
.6
.9
11.8
12.1

1,285.1
117.0
55.2
652.6
113.2

1.8
.2
.1
.6
.1

1.9
.2
.1
.6
.1

1.9
.2
.1
.6
.1

57.4
4.5
2.2
31.1
5.2

58.8
4.4
2.1
31.1
5.1

58.9
4.5
2.1
31.2
5.1

5,155.2
289.6
55.0
50.6
120.6
316.4
84.2
190.1
2,190.4
731.3
924.1

28.2
.5

26.4
.5

26.6
.5

244.1
13.5
2.6
2.7
4.5
14.8
4.6
12.5
104.0
16.2
48.1

236.7
13.4
2.6
2.7
4.6
14.5
4.9
12.4
101.2
14.1
46.7

233.6
12.9
2.5
2.8
4.3
14.1
4.6
12.0
99.4
14.2
46.4

579.9
247.6
42.0
62.6

587.0
250.0
44.1
61.7

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy...
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,208.2
436.5
120.0
464.4
41.4
48.2
1,120.3
4,082.9
3,556.7
88.1
106.4
121.2
491.6
102.4
318.3
130.0
405.0

7,927.5
429.7
112.7
458.1
39.6
49.2
1,087.5
3,908.4
3,391.1
84.7
104.4
118.2
484.4
99.8
312.1
125.6
398.4

7,932.0
427.3
114.7
460.0
39.8
46.5
1,092.2
3,902.2
3,389.0
85.1
104.7
118.0
489.7
99.9
315.1
126.1
394.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

3,149.7
90.0
635.9
498.7
433.7

3,085.4
88.5
623.7
487.3
429.8

3,129.1
88.2
636.3
491.4
432.6

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

01
()

O
(1)

268.0
40.7
78.2
31.2

269.3
42.1
78.7
31.3

274.3
42.2
80.7
33.1

(1)
(1)
(1)

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,958.1
292.1
168.2
753.3
960.3
728.2
456.3
294.4
200.8

4,934.0
286.3
166.8
758.4
953.4
735.2
449.7
287.0
198.1

4,964.0
292.8
167.2
760.2
956.8
736.4
456.0
292.1
200.3

17.9
.7
.8
.4
.8
1.0
.4
.2
.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,189.3
21.5
35.2
429.7
320.9

1,182.4
20.7
34.8
424.7
321.9

1,194.1
21.7
35.1
429.4
320.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Medford
Portland
Salem

1,267.6
119.3
54.8
643.6
112.5

1,273.7
114.9
53.4
648.4
114.0

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,203.1
289.2
55.0
51.1
121.7
318.6
85.1
193.6
2,227.4
747.7
930.3

5,117.6
288.3
55.0
49.4
118.9
317.0
85.2
190.3
2,173.5
720.6
915.9

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks

15.7

Aug.
1991

30.7
13.0
2.3
3.4

580.0
249.0
43.8
61.1

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque..
Las Cruces....
Santa Fe

Sept.
1990

Sept.
1991"

15.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

15.9
(1)
1
()
(1)

5.7
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0

.9

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

.1

0
(11)
()

.7

(1)
(1)
(1)

4.8

01
()
(1)

.7

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
.5
2.6
.4
1.1

(1)
4.6

.1

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

0
01
()

5.2

4.5

.5
2.9
.4
1.1

O
(11)
()

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0
5.4

C)
(1)
(1)

5.2
.3

5.3
.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.2

O
(11)
()

0
0
(1)

O
(1)

.5
2.6
.4
1.1

(1)
4.1

4.1

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Fpublic utilities»

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

44.2
21.4
3.5
1.9

42.5
20.5
3.5
1.9

42.7
20.5
3.5
1.9

28.7
12.8
1.6
1.0

28.0
12.4
1.4
1.0

29.1
12.8
1.6
1.1

138.1
61.3
9.2
12.1

140.0
61.0
9.2
12.8

138.8
60.6
9.4
12.4

1,135.6
46.7
34.1
74.9
8.8
10.0
148.7
414.1
341.6
23.5
14.1
29.6
133.7
14.9
51.9
23.8
55.5

1,073.2
46.0
31.8
71.0
8.0
9.8
136.7
390.0
319.6
21.3
12.9
28.7
132.2
14.6
49.7
21.7
53.7

1,075.2
46.1
31.3
71.3
8.1
9.7
136.2
390.9
320.8
21.8
12.8
28.7
132.2
14.6
49.6
21.7
53.4

431.9
17.4
4.3
23.4
1.4
1.7
51.5
252.6
226.0
4.3
6.5
4.0
15.3
5.3
19.7
4.4
20.7

421.3
16.6
4.3
22.5
1.5
1.9
48.6
245.1
218.4
4.1
6.5
3.6
15.0
5.0
18.8
4.3
21.0

428.9
17.0
4.2
23.5
1.5
1.7
51.4
246.4
219.4
4.3
6.6
3.6
15.4
5.3
19.1
4.3
21.1

1,682.8
93.1
25.7
116.1
10.3
11.1
289.9
717.3
599.6
21.4
28.5
22.1
105.1
23.2
76.9
28.3
90.0

1,611.5
91.3
24.7
114.7
10.0
12.1
280.9
674.1
560.5
20.9
28.4
21.5
103.0
22.6
77.7
27.7
86.5

1,609.0
91.3
24.6
115.3
9.9
10.9
280.2
677.4
564.0
20.9
28.3
21.3
102.5
22.6
77.9
27.4
86.3

863.1
20.6
154.1
148.8
64.0

837.4
19.6
147.4
145.2
64.3

839.7
19.7
147.5
144.7
64.2

154.4
4.2
51.8
26.5
21.6

153.9
4.1
51.7
25.2
21.6

153.6
4.0
52.0
25.3
21.5

724.8
22.1
154.4
114.8
90.2

713.4
21.7
152.3
112.5
89.1

712.3
21.6
152.4
112.5
89.3

17.8
2.3
6.1
1.4

17.4
2.4
5.8
1.5

18.3
2.4
6.0
1.6

17.3
2.9
4.7
1.7

17.0
2.9
4.9
1.7

17.0
2.9
4.8
1.7

71.0
10.4
22.7
9.4

72.7
10.7
23.2
9.6

72.4
10.4
23.4
9.7

1,123.2
67.7
45.5
149.3
207.4
105.6
103.2
61.1
49.4

1,088.7
65.5
43.0
144.3
200.2
105.2
98.5
58.0
48.6

1,089.3
66.4
43.1
143.9
200.8
105.4
98.8
58.8
49.3

222.6
14.0
5.7
42.0
43.2
31.3
18.7
14.9
7.4

223.7
14.0
5.8
42.7
43.6
31.2
19.1
14.8
7.1

223.0
14.0
5.8
42.6
43.5
31.0
19.1
14.7
7.1

1,184.0
69.9
41.9
190.0
230.1
185.5
102.4
72.6
53.7

1,189.5
69.1
42.1
193.5
230.2
185.8
104.2
71.6
53.6

1,183.9
69.0
42.0
192.9
228.2
184.9
103.7
71.5
53.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

168.4
1.6
3.5
49.1
57.0

167.7
1.6
3.5
47.6
56.6

166.9
1.6
3.5
47.5
56.1

67.7
2.1
1.7
21.3
25.8

67.9
2.1
1.8
20.8
26.2

67.7
2.1
1.8
21.0
26.0

277.4
6.1
9.0
104.0
74.6

280.2
6.1
9.2
104.2
75.2

279.2
6.3
9.2
104.3
74.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford
Portland
Salem

226.1
21.5
8.6
105.1
19.0

221.7
19.5
8.0
105.0
20.7

218.8
19.3
8.0
103.5
19.2

64.1
4.5
3.0
37.6
3.0

64.8
4.4
3.0
38.7
2.8

65.3
4.5
3.1
38.7
2.9

320.1
30.8
16.5
167.5
24.4

321.8
30.0
15.8
168.3
24.1

323.3
30.0
16.7
167.8
24.6

1,013.0
74.8
11.0
9.3
36.2
50.0
14.6
57.2
346.4
81.7
120.2

974.1
74.8
10.9
8.7
35.4
48.2
14.8
55.1
326.5
76.6
115.9

971.7
74.6
11.1
8.6
35.4
48.1
14.8
54.7
326.1
76.5
115.3

270.3
14.8
4.9
5.3
4.4
21.0
5.6
7.9
101.2
40.9
55.1

265.7
14.6
4.8
4.9
4.4
20.7
5.0
7.6
99.1
40.0
54.9

272.2
14.9
4.9
5.0
4.4
21.7
5.4
7.8
100.2
40.1
55.9

1,182.3
63.8
14.4
11.9
26.3
70.0
18.9
48.6
507.1
134.6
227.0

1,178.2
64.3
14.5
12.1
25.9
68.4
19.2
48.0
492.2
125.2
225.2

1,175.8
64.3
14.2
12.0
25.9
68.0
18.9
47.4
494.1
125.4
223.8

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

72



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Governmen

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991"

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

26.1
13.8
1.6
2.3

26.4
13.9
1.6
2.4

26.1
13.9
1.6
2.4

147.2
76.1
7.8
16.3

151.7
77.5
8.3
17.2

150.8
77.9
8.3
16.6

149.5
50.6
17.8
24.1

144.7
49.3
15.9
23.9

153.4
51.7
17.7
23.9

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

773.6
25.2
4.1
27.4
1.5
1.7
81.4
549.7
514.0
2.1
4.9
4.8
23.3
5.3
20.7
7.4
29.5

761.8
25.9
4.1
27.8
1.5
1.6
81.7
532.6
496.7
2.1
5.0
4.9
23.8
5.4
21.5
7.8
29.7

753.8
25.5
4.0
27.5
1.5
1.6
81.0
527.9
492.4
2.1
4.9
4.8
23.3
5.3
21.3
7.7
29.4

2,417.6
119.0
25.2
129.0
10.5
11.9
315.2
1,326.5
1,164.0
19.0
24.5
30.1
127.1
28.2
80.4
29.5
129.1

2,362.4
123.0
25.3
129.5
10.5
13.1
320.4
1,269.3
1,103.1
18.9
24.9
31.0
128.8
29.0
78.2
29.5
131.6

2,365.9
121.0
25.2
130.4
10.3
11.5
317.4
1,276.7
1,113.3
19.0
24.7
30.5
132.1
28.3
80.7
30.0
129.8

1,433.9
113.6
21.0
72.6
7.0
9.4
178.4
679.1
597.8
13.0
23.3
24.3
65.3
20.9
51.3
31.4
56.5

1,393.8
108.0
17.8
72.1
6.4
8.8
169.1
670.7
592.7
13.1
22.8
22.9
61.8
19.3
50.9
29.8
54.9

1,400.0
108.3
20.7
71.6
6.8
9.0
176.3
656.7
579.5
12.7
23.5
23.5
64.8
19.8
51.4
30.4
53.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

135.4
3.0
38.3
24.1
24.6

136.0
2.9
38.2
23.8
24.0

135.0
2.9
37.9
23.7
23.8

606.4
22.1
126.5
105.3
115.9

619.2
23.5
131.3
108.3
116.0

619.6
22.2
132.1
109.0
116.9

493.2
13.3
72.8
54.1
94.7

461.9
12.2
65.8
48.7
93.0

506.7
13.3
77.6
52.6
95.3

12.4
1.5
4.6
1.1

12.8
1.5
4.8
1.1

12.7
1.5
4.8
1.1

69.9
12.7
21.4
7.4

71.5
13.1
22.3
7.7

71.6
13.1
22.2
7.8

63.2
8.7
14.3
8.7

60.5
8.9
13.3
8.3

65.2
9.3
15.3
9.8

256.4
10.9
6.7
44.2
58.5
60.8
17.5
12.1
8.3

260.0
10.9
6.7
44.7
59.2
61.5
18.0
12.1
8.4

257.9
10.9
6.5
44.1
58.7
60.9
17.9
12.0
8.3

1,227.2
71.2
40.2
198.9
265.5
187.6
120.4
78.0
48.7

1,260.2
75.6
41.7
207.2
269.2
195.3
120.4
80.4
49.4

1,262.6
74.9
41.7
206.7
268.9
195.7
123.3
79.8
49.9

710.4
46.1
19.2
93.0
116.9
124.7
76.8
42.9
23.4

674.6
39.0
18.3
89.5
111.7
122.8
71.9
37.6
21.8

714.2
45.7
19.2
94.1
118.4
125.5
76.0
43.1
23.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

59.1
.9
1.7
24.3
17.7

58.7
.9
1.7
25.0
17.4

58.5
.9
1.7
25.0
17.3

273.0
5.3
6.6
106.5
84.5

276.5
5.3
6.5
109.1
83.3

280.2
5.5
6.5
109.2
83.6

260.9
3.9
11.4
101.9
37.6

252.4
3.2
10.8
97.0
38.5

263.6
3.9
11.2
101.4
38.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ....
Medford
Portland
Salem

80.6
5.8
2.5
51.9
6.0

84.6
5.7
2.6
53.3
6.1

84.3
5.7
2.6
53.4
6.0

301.6
29.7
12.8
168.7
24.1

309.9
29.4
13.3
172.3
24.4

311.2
29.6
13.3
174.1
24.8

215.9
22.3
9.1
81.1
30.7

210.2
21.3
8.5
79.1
30.7

221.4
23.2
9.3
83.3
30.5

301.7
14.8
2.2
1.6
5.5
21.1
4.7
8.0
161.7
64.6
55.5

305.0
15.2
2.4
1.6
5.6
22.8
4.7
8.0
161.8
63.1
56.7

303.1
15.0
2.3
1.6
5.7
22.5
4.6
7.8
161.0
62.8
56.4

1,468.1
76.4
12.6
12.6
30.9
73.7
21.0
42.7
707.5
267.9
315.9

1,488.4
77.4
12.8
12.4
31.2
76.4
21.4
44.3
711.2
266.5
315.1

1,495.1
77.6
12.9
13.0
31.4
75.4
21.0
44.4
716.8
273.7
319.0

695.4
30.6
7.3
7.7
13.9
67.5
12.8
16.3
298.4
141.8
103.9

643.1
28.1
7.0
7.0
11.8
65.5
12.6
14.5
280.4
135.1
97.3

677.1
29.8
7.1
7.6
13.5
66.1
12.3
15.6
291.7
138.6
103.2

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
,
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991^

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

153.8
309.4
45.0
62.0
50.6
183.6

150.9
306.0
44.0
60.0
50.7
180.8

153.2
305.3
44.0
62.3
51.0
181.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence ....*

450.1
127.7
319.4

431.6
119.3
307.5

435.9
121.4
310.2

1,563.6
211.1
246.7
341.0

1,548.7
215.9
248.3
334.1

1,562.5
217.9
251.4
342.2

291.3
39.8
76.3

300.0
41.2
78.4

300.2
40.4
78.2

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,221.4
203.7
173.5
269.1
481.2
505.9

2,186.6
200.8
171.6
264.2
479.7
505.5

2,206.1
202.3
173.5
266.4
483.8
509.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

7,061.4
48.8
78.8
382.4
144.2
66.5
75.0
54.2
136.1
1,379.3
208.6
593.0
76.8
1,612.2
74.1
45.0
69.4
99.1
101.1
43.9
43.7
36.3
520.8
38.3
46.9
62.6
28.2
82.7
50.3

7,093.8
47.4
77.7
372.3
148.7
67.6
78.2
51.9
137.9
1,370.5
208.8
584.1
77.2
1,632.9
74.5
44.9
69.0
97.3
101.4
45.1
44.9
36.1
515.2
37.4
45.6
62.9
28.9
80.6
49.6

7,135.8
48.6
78.6
383.6
150.3
68.9
77.4
53.5
138.2
1,376.6
209.8
587.2
77.3
1,636.8
74.8
45.3
69.1
98.0
102.1
45.5
45.0
37.0
523.4
37.9
45.8
63.4
29.6
82.6
49.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

74



Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

(1)

0

(1)

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

7.8
14.0
1.6
2.9
3.2
10.2

7.5
13.6
1.6
2.8
3.2
9.9

.5

.5

.5

7.6
14.7
1.6
3.1
2.8
10.7

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

18.6
4.5
14.3

15.5
3.4
12.2

14.7
3.4
11.5

1.9

103.7
16.0
14.8
25.8

95.6
16.3
12.9
25.8

94.9
16.1
12.7
25.6

2.6
.2

13.5
2.7
3.8

14.7
2.9
4.7

14.2
2.8
4.2

6.0
.6

96.3
7.4
6.8
13.9
21.1
25.0

89.2
7.3
7.0
11.8
20.4
25.1

88.4
7.3
6.8
12.0
20.3
24.7

337.9
1.6
3.3
12.4
11.4
8.6
2.3
1.9
13.1
47.9
7.8
22.9
4.4
112.7
2.5
1.3
3.9
3.5
4.5
1.4
2.2
1.1
22.5
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.6
3.0
1.9

346.3
1.6
3.1
12.5
14.6
8.9
2.4
1.9
11.7
46.9
7.8
22.8
4.2
109.6
2.6
1.2
3.8
4.1
4.5
1.6
2.4
1.1
22.5
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.8
3.2
1.7

346.1
1.6
3.0
12.4
14.5
9.6
2.4
1.8
11.7
46.4
7.6
22.3
4.2
110.0
2.5
1.2
3.9
3.9
4.4
1.5
2.4
1.1
22.6
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.8
3.2
1.7

0.6

0.7
(1)
.4
(1)

0

0.6
(1)

.1

.2
(1)

(1)

1.9

2.1
(1)

(1)

(1)

01
()

0
0

(1)

(1)

2.6
.2
1

2.7
.2

0

0

()
6.2
.6
1

6.0
.6
(1)

(1)

()
1.4

180.7
1.6
1.1
.7
1.9
2.1

0

181.3
1.4
1.0
.7
1.9
1.9

.1
1.6
1.6

(1)
1.4

(1)
(1)
178.4
1.4
.9
.7
1.9
1.8
(1)

(1)

.6
3.9
18.0
(1)
4.5
.6
69.6
(1)
1.8
3.5
.2
.9
8.9
5.2
.5
1.8

1.3

1.3
(1)
(1)

0
(1)

0

Sept.
1990

.5
4.1
17.8

.5
4.1
18.1

0
4.5
.6
73.2
1
()
1.7
3.4
.2
.8
9.1
5.1
.4
1.8
1
()
.1
1.7
1.6
(1)
1.4

0
4.5
.7
71.6
(1)

1.8
3.3
.2
.8
9.0
5.1
.4
1.8

0

.1
1.7
1.5

(1)
1.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991p

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

46.4
69.4
12.0
8.5
14.8
57.3

44.2
67.0
11.9
8.4
15.1
55.7

44.1
67.3
11.5
8.3
15.1
56.1

6.6
16.8
2.2
1.7
1.7
8.1

6.4
16.5
2.1
1.7
1.8
7.9

6.7
16.9
2.1
1.8
1.8
8.3

33.9
73.7
11.0
12.3
11.6
46.7

34.0
73.3
11.1
12.3
11.6
47.1

34.2
73.3
10.7
12.8
11.3
46.7

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

99.0
45.8
63.2

92.6
43.5
59.9

93.0
43.7
59.9

15.9
3.8
12.1

15.6
3.5
12.3

15.4
3.5
12.1

97.3
32.7
64.8

94.2
30.1
61.3

93.2
30.2
60.8

380.4
21.6
27.2
99.9

368.0
20.8
27.5
96.2

367.8
20.6
27.5
95.9

68.4
11.2
11.6
14.9

67.4
11.7
11.6
15.1

67.2
11.6
11.5
15.2

352.6
52.9
56.1
79.4

354.6
55.4
56.3
80.7

352.7
54.5
56.2
81.1

34.4
4.0
9.2

36.3
3.8
9.9

36.3
4.0
9.8

13.5
2.0
4.8

13.5
1.9
5.0

13.8
1.9
5.0

77.4
11.5
21.3

81.7
12.7
21.4

79.6
11.8
21.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

524.3
46.4
53.3
50.6
63.0
88.7

514.9
44.7
52.7
48.4
62.2
87.4

516.7
44.5
52.9
48.7
62.8
87.8

118.1
9.3
6.1
11.6
47.9
26.9

116.0
9.3
6.4
11.5
47.4
27.0

116.5
9.3
6.4
11.6
47.6
26.9

523.0
48.4
40.9
70.6
126.2
124.4

519.6
48.3
40.0
69.9
126.6
126.0

518.7
48.5
39.7
69.7
126.7
126.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison

987.7
4.5
8.4
49.2
25.5
16.7
11.5
3.6
12.3
220.7
42.7
118.7
8.5
176.0
8.7
1.7
16.2
7.1
13.6
2.2
4.1
5.0
43.4
11.2
7.0
11.3
3.0
15.6
8.4

980.0
4.5
8.6
48.8
26.3
17.0
12.4
3.6
12.2
213.8
41.0
103.8
8.6
178.9
8.7
1.6
16.1
7.1
13.2
2.2
4.7
4.9
44.1
10.9
6.6
11.2
3.1
15.5
8.0

976.2
4.4
8.9
48.7
25.9
17.0
12.3
3.5
12.2
211.9
40.8
103.7
8.6
177.2
8.7
1.5
16.2
7.1
13.0
2.4
4.6
4.9
43.8
10.6
6.5
11.3
3.2
15.5
8.0

428.0
2.8
5.6
11.8
9.6
2.9
3.2
1.3
6.6
83.0
11.1
56.1
5.2
110.7
2.5
6.2
3.5
5.4
3.2
2.3
2.0
2.5
21.9
1.6
2.4
2.8
1.4
3.5
2.7

436.6
2.7
5.7
12.0
9.6
3.1
3.6
1.4
6.5
84.6
10.8
57.4
5.4
114.1
2.5
6.4
3.6
5.0
3.2
2.5
2.2
2.8
22.5
1.6
2.4
2.9
1.4
3.3
2.7

435.3
2.7
5.6
12.0
9.6
3.1
3.5
1.4
6.5
84.6
10.8
57.7
5.4
113.1
2.5
6.5
3.6
5.3
3.2
2.5
2.2
2.8
22.7
1.6
2.4
2.9
1.4
3.4
2.7

1,712.3
12.7
22.9
77.3
33.1
12.6
20.3
11.7
32.2
353.7
52.0
151.1
15.3
373.3
16.3
14.3
17.1
28.9
31.3
10.4
12.6
8.9
131.3
7.9
11.1
16.0
7.6
19.1
11.6

1,721.8
12.7
22.9
76.8
33.6
13.0
21.0
11.0
32.7
355.5
52.9
151.9
15.6
375.2
16.9
13.8
17.1
28.1
31.5
10.8
13.0
8.8
132.6
8.0
11.0
15.8
7.8
19.4
11.6

1,718.0
12.7
22.8
76.8
33.7
13.1
20.9
11.5
32.6
355.5
52.7
151.0
15.5
374.3
16.8
14.0
16.9
28.3
32.2
10.9
12.8
9.2
132.2
8.0
11.0
15.8
7.8
19.1
11.5

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City

Sioux Falls

Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991 p

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

8.3
13.8
1.4
2.0
2.3
5.4

8.4
13.6
1.4
2.0
2.5
5.4

8.4
13.4
1.4
2.0
2.4
5.4

33.6
79.3
11.6
11.2
10.8
35.9

34.6
82.3
10.9
11.5
10.3
36.3

34.3
80.7
11.4
11.5
10.6
36.7

17.4
41.0
5.2
22.8
6.6
19.0

15.5
38.7
5.0
21.0
6.2
17.7

18.0
39.5
5.3
23.0
6.6
17.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

27.0
3.7
22.4

26.3
3.4
21.8

25.8
3.4
21.5

128.9
25.8
96.3

127.3
25.0
96.2

129.6
25.8
97.6

63.2
11.2
46.2

59.9
10.2
43.7

64.0
11.2
46.7

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

66.6
7.7
17.8
12.0

67.2
8.0
18.9
12.1

66.5
8.0
18.7
12.0

302.4
47.0
53.8
66.1

316.1
49.6
55.7
66.4

316.9
50.1
56.5
69.0

287.4
54.7
65.4
42.9

277.9
54.1
65.4
37.8

294.6
57.0
68.3
43.4

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

16.3
1.5
8.1

16.7
1.5
8.2

16.5
1.5
8.1

72.8
10.8
21.3

75.5
11.6
21.8

75.5
11.2
21.9

60.8
7.1
7.8

58.9
6.6
7.4

61.7
7.0
7.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

102.7
13.1
5.2
10.3
25.2
30.8

102.3
13.5
5.2
10.4
25.5
30.5

101.5
13.4
5.2
10.4
25.3
30.6

496.6
42.8
35.6
59.3
122.1
141.2

502.2
42.7
36.0
61.4
125.0
142.5

503.7
43.2
36.9
61.0
124.3
143.3

354.2
35.7
25.6
51.4
75.7
68.9

336.4
34.4
24.3
49.5
72.6
67.0

354.6
35.5
25.6
51.7
76.8
69.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

429.1
1.9
4.3
23.5
5.4
1.8
3.4
1.9
6.2
125.6
8.3
27.3
5.1
103.3
3.4
1.8
2.6
5.5
4.0
2.3
1.5
1.6
39.5
2.1
1.9
3.5
1.6
5.3
2.1

429.5
2.0
4.3
23.2
5.5
1.8
3.8
1.7
6.3
122.9
8.1
26.9
5.1
102.3
3.5
1.7
2.6
5.7
3.9
2.2
1.3
1.6
37.7
2.1
1.7
3.4
1.6
5.2
2.1

427.5
2.0
4.2
23.3
5.5
1.8
3.7
1.8
6.2
122.7
8.1
26.6
5.1
101.0
3.5
1.7
2.6
5.6
3.9
2.2
1.3
1.6
37.6
2.1
1.7
3.4
1.6
5.2
2.1

1,716.3
14.5
18.1
98.0
35.9
9.7
16.8
10.5
32.2
369.0
43.3
136.9
15.3
461.3
17.7
8.0
14.0
25.6
17.6
9.4
8.1
9.1
141.3
9.7
11.2
16.2
6.3
22.8
12.7

1,753.2
13.9
18.3
99.5
37.1
10.1
18.3
10.5
33.7
373.7
45.2
142.4
15.7
477.5
18.0
8.4
14.1
24.7
18.4
9.9
8.3
9.2
139.9
9.2
11.4
16.5
6.8
21.5
12.8

1,751.6
14.6
18.2
99.6
37.5
10.0
17.8
10.8
34.0
375.0
44.8
142.2
15.3
476.7
17.9
8.4
14.1
24.8
18.3
9.7
8.3
9.4
141.2
9.7
11.4
16.5
6.9
22.8
12.9

1,269.4
9.2
15.1
109.5
21.4
12.1
17.5
22.7
29.6
161.4
43.4
75.5
22.4
205.3
23.0
9.9
8.6
22.9
26.0
7.0
8.0
7.6
119.1
4.4
11.8
9.3
5.1
13.4
9.5

1,245.1
8.6
13.8
98.8
20.1
11.8
16.7
21.3
30.7
155.0
43.0
74.4
22.0
202.1
22.3
10.1
8.3
22.4
25.9
6.8
7.9
7.3
114.1
4.2
11.0
9.5
4.8
12.5
9.3

1,302.7
9.2
15.0
110.1
21.7
12.5
16.8
22.2
30.9
162.7
45.0
79.2
22.5
212.9
22.9
10.2
8.5
22.8
26.3
7.3
8.3
7.6
121.5
4.5
11.3
9.9
5.4
13.4
9.6

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

76



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

Sept.
1990

Sept.
1991^

Aug.
1991

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

736.0
97.1
499.5

748.7
97.9
509.7

758.3
102.7
514.0

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

259.5
34.2
79.8

247.7
33.2
75.1

252.4
34.2
78.3

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,911.0
33.8
73.0
42.3
77.6
591.3
774.1
478.6
129.0

2,854.0
34.3
69.4
40.5
75.0
581.6
755.9
473.9
127.0

2,870.8
35.1
72.2
41.3
75.6
581.2
756.4
476.2
127.9

Washington .
Seattle

2,197.0
1,124.9

2,183.3
1,134.4

2,202.0
1,137.0

4.0
.7

3.8
.6

628.6
112.7
111.2
61.3
60.4

628.9
113.1
111.4
62.4
60.8

632.4
113.5
111.0
62.7
60.8

35.6
2.1
1.5
.5
2.3

33.4
2.2
1.6
.5
2.3

2,315.6
164.1
58.4
107.2
60.0
42.2
53.0
225.8
758.0
76.9
52.7
52.5

2,305.6
165.8
58.2
109.7
58.7
42.7
50.8
226.4
758.5
78.5
54.7
53.8

2,320.3
166.5
59.9
109.2
57.9
43.9
51.8
228.4
763.7
77.7
54.9
54.3

Wyoming .
Casper...

206.6
29.0

206.4
29.5

208.8
29.2

Puerto Rico .
Caguas
Mayaguez ...
Ponce
San Juan ....

834.9
53.3
57.4
55.4
517.8

832.0
53.8
57.5
54.8
513.2

837.2
54.0
57.5
55.2
516.0

(1)
(1)
(1)

41.4

O

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta.
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

42.7

42.3

0

(1)
(1)

15.8
(1)

14.7
(1)

0)
(11)
()
(1)

0
0
0

O

o

.5
.7

16.4
2.1
4.9

14.1
2.1
3.9

13.3
2.1
3.8

14.6

184.6
1.3
4.3
2.2
4.0
35.2
52.4
31.3
8.0

165.8
1.2
4.0
2.1
3.7
33.2
42.7
29.6
7.5

164.2
1.3
3.9
2.1
3.6
32.8
42.4
29.3
7.4

3.7
.6

129.3
65.1

124.0
66.6

123.5
65.8

33.5
2.2
1.6
.5
2.3

28.6
5.2
5.0
2.9
2.2

30.8
5.1
5.4
3.0
2.0

30.6
5.2
5.3
3.0
2.0

2.4

86.2
8.4
2.4
5.6
1.5
1.7
1.6
8.8
26.8
2.5
1.5
2.2

87.0
8.5
3.1
6.4
1.3
1.8
1.5
9.0
26.1
2.2
2.0
2.7

86.0
8.4
3.2
6.3
1.2
2.0
1.3
8.8
26.4
2.2
1.8
2.7

19.1
2.7

13.0
1.8

13.4
1.9

13.4
1.8

.9

45.3
1.4
1.9
4.0
32.0

47.1
1.6
2.3
3.5
34.2

47.0
1.6
2.2
3.5
34.3

4.2

3.4

3.3

0
(11)
(1)
()
(1)

(1)

01
()
01
()
(11)
(1)
()
O
(11)
()

01
(1)
()
O
(1)
0
O
(11)
()

18.7
2.7

19.1
2.7

1.0

.9
(1)
(1)
(1)

.6

.5
1

()

.5
.7

(1)

(1)
(1)

0
(11)
(1)
()
0
0)
(1)

.5

2.5

2.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

33.7
5.2
24.0

(1)
(1)

(1)

Sept.
1991P

33.6
4.9
23.7

3.0

.5

.6
(1)
(1)

Aug.
1991

31.1
3.2
21.2

0
3.0

2.9

.6
.7

8.7

8.7

8.8
(1)

Sept.
1990

01
()
0
.5

O

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
fpublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

109.2
14.2
69.6

109.3
14.2
69.8

109.0
14.5
69.5

42.6
2.4
33.2

43.3
2.5
33.6

43.0
2.5
33.5

175.6
23.1
122.9

180.1
23.4
125.6

180.6
24.1
126.7

45.6
4.7
15.6

44.1
4.5
14.7

44.0
4.4
14.7

11.2
1.0
3.6

10.9
1.0
3.4

11.0
1.0
3.3

60.3
7.3
19.4

58.5
7.0
19.5

58.0
7.1
19.4

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

427.0
10.1
8.8
16.4
23.5
67.0
35.3
65.3
19.9

415.9
10.9
8.4
15.5
23.1
65.9
32.8
64.0
18.8

415.4
10.9
8.5
15.6
23.0
65.7
32.7
63.8
19.0

149.3
1.5
2.7
1.1
2.9
28.3
51.2
24.0
8.2

149.2
1.6
2.6
1.2
2.8
28.0
49.3
23.8
8.4

148.5
1.6
2.6
1.2
2.8
27.9
49.0
23.7
8.3

656.8
8.8
14.9
8.5
16.7
142.9
174.3
108.2
35.5

647.5
8.7
14.8
8.6
16.0
139.5
171.5
107.6
35.5

642.6
8.7
14.8
8.4
15.9
138.6
170.5
107.4
35.0

Washington
Seattle

375.6
223.1

370.5
223.2

370.3
222.9

116.2
69.7

116.9
70.2

116.6
69.6

531.9
266.4

524.8
269.6

523.0
267.1

86.5
11.0
20.6
14.0
7.4

83.9
10.9
19.6
14.2
7.4

83.7
10.9
19.3
14.1
7.2

37.7
9.2
8.4
2.4
3.4

37.5
9.2
8.2
2.5
3.3

37.0
9.2
7.6
2.5
3.3

147.7
29.4
28.2
14.9
16.2

146.4
29.6
29.1
15.4
16.4

145.9
29.4
28.9
15.3
16.2

570.2
54.6
11.0
24.1
19.2
10.0
10.7
26.7
173.9
26.1
22.2
15.2

563.7
55.6
10.6
24.4
17.8
9.7
9.5
27.1
170.4
25.4
23.4
14.8

558.8
54.4
10.5
23.9
17.3
9.7
9.4
26.6
170.4
25.4
23.2
15.1

109.3
6.5
3.3
8.1
2.4
1.4
2.5
8.5
37.6
2.3
1.7
3.2

108.8
6.5
3.2
8.0
2.0
1.5
2.5
8.5
37.7
2.4
1.6
3.3

111.5
6.5
3.2
8.0
1.9
1.4
2.5
8.9
38.4
2.3
1.6
3.2

544.6
36.0
15.4
27.1
14.4
11.5
14.1
50.6
171.8
18.0
10.1
12.6

546.8
35.2
15.7
27.7
14.9
12.3
14.1
50.7
174.7
18.8
10.1
12.9

541.3
36.1
16.0
27.3
14.7
12.4
14.4
51.2
172.3
18.4
10.0
12.9

9.9
1.7

9.9
1.8

10.1
1.8

14.6
1.8

14.7
1.8

14.6
1.8

46.4
8.0

48.5
8.2

46.9
8.1

153.5
15.2
19.3
10.5
65.4

151.1
16.1
17.8
10.1
63.4

151.5
16.0
17.6
10.3
63.6

21.7
.5
.5
1.4
17.4

18.9
.6
.6
1.3
15.7

19.2
.6
.6
1.3
15.9

155.3
11.3
8.4
8.6
106.4

152.4
10.9
8.5
8.5
104.8

152.5
10.8
8.6
8.7
104.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.4

9.3

9.2

9.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

78



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1990

Sept.
1991P

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

34.1
2.3
28.2

36.1
2.3
30.2

35.9
2.3
30.4

185.9
37.3
124.1

193.5
36.6
129.7

194.6
39.4
128.8

148.7
14.6
97.4

144.1
14.0
94.1

152.8
14.7
98.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.0
2.6
4.1

11.3
2.6
3.7

11.1
2.5
3.7

69.2

70.6
8.3
19.9

69.5
8.4
20.9

44.2
8.4
11.9

37.7
10.0

45.0
8.7
12.5

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

154.5
1.1
3.6
1.4
3.4
27.3
50.7
40.5

152.5
1.1
3.5

150.8
1.1
3.5

1.4
3.4
26.6
49.7
39.6

1.4
3.4

748.4
5.5
14.6
7.2

26.0
49.2
39.4

8.6

8.5

8.5

112.6
33.3

758.5
5.3
15.1
7.0
16.3
157.0
266.6
114.1
33.6

757.3
5.7
15.2
7.1
17.1
154.9
265.4
114.5
34.1

574.6
5.5
24.1
5.5
10.0
136.8
146.2
96.0
15.5

549.9
5.5
21.0
4.7
9.7
131.4
142.8
94.5
14.7

577.4
5.8
23.7
5.5
9.8
135.3
146.7
97.4
15.6

Washington
Seattle

118.8
74.9

119.2
76.6

118.6
76.0

525.9
279.1

536.1
287.4

538.6
286.3

395.3
145.9

388.0
140.2

407.7
148.7

24.8
6.6
3.9
2.2
3.0

24.8
6.5
4.0
2.3
3.1

24.8
6.5
4.0
2.3
3.1

147.9
29.4
25.2
15.0
17.1

152.8
30.3
25.9
15.2
17.3

154.4
30.5
25.9
15.3
17.6

119.8
19.8
18.4
9.4
8.8

119.3
19.3
17.6
9.3
9.0

122.5
19.6
18.4
9.7
9.1

120.2
7.8
1.8
5.7
1.7
1.4
1.6
19.4
50.5
2.2
2.2
3.6

123.7
8.2
1.8
6.6
1.6
1.4
1.6
19.9
51.6
2.3
2.2
4.0

122.8
8.2
1.8
6.7
1.6
1.4
1.6
19.7
51.2
2.3
2.1
4.0

540.5
33.4
13.3

554.7
35.3
13.6
25.0
14.3
10.3
15.3
50.6
217.2
18.6
10.3
10.0

342.1
17.5
11.2
11.5
7.3
6.6
7.4
61.6
86.0
8.4
5.4
6.2

318.8
16.5
10.1
11.6
6.8
5.6
6.5
60.7
81.5
8.5
5.4
5.9

342.8
17.6
11.6

17.5
9.7
9.6

554.3
35.4
13.6
24.9
14.3
10.4
15.1
50.5
216.5
18.8
9.9
10.3

7.3
1.4

7.3
1.4

7.2
1.4

41.0
6.7

44.5
6.8

41.9
6.7

55.7
4.9

49.0
4.9

55.6
4.9

36.8
1.3
1.5
1.8

36.1
1.2
1.4
1.8
28.7

132.7
7.6
7.2

29.5

36.4
1.3
1.5
1.7
29.0

11.7
94.0

135.6
7.6
8.0
12.2
94.5

137.8
7.8
8.3
12.0
96.2

288.6
16.0
18.5
17.4
172.7

289.5
15.8
18.7
17.4
171.2

292.2
16.1
18.8
17.7
172.4

2.1

2.0

2.0

8.9

8.5

8.5

13.3

14.4

13.5

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
Combined with construction.
Not available.
= preliminary.




8.1
20.3

17.1
153.8
263.4

25.1
13.4
9.6
15.1
50.3
211.4

in

12.0
6.9
6.7
7.3
62.7
87.7
8.6
5.7
6.4

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1990 benchmarks.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990

34.5

10.02

345.69

44.1

13.69

603.73

38.2

13.78

526.40

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1990:
October....
November
December
1991:
January ....
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September1
Octoberp ..

34.3
34.3
34.7

$10.14
10.16
10.19

$347.80
348.49
353.59

44.6
45.0
45.5

$13.73
13.82
13.88

$612.36
621.90
631.54

38.0
38.2
38.3

$13.97
13.87
13.92

$530.86
529.83
533.14

33.7
33.9
34.0
34.0
34.2
34.7
34.5
34.7
34.7
34.4

10.22
10.23
10.24
10.30
10.31
10.31
10.30
10.31
10.46
10.45

344.41
346.80
348.16
350.20
352.60
357.76
355.35
357.76
362.96
359.48

44.4
44.4
44.0
43.9
44.3
45.0
43.6
44.5
44.8
44.6

14.20
14.10
14.09
14.12
14.10
14.24
14.20
14.16
14.36
14.19

630.48
626.04
619.96
619.87
624.63
640.80
619.12
630.12
643.33
632.87

36.2
37.0
37.2
37.8
38.2
38.7
38.6
38.7
39.0
39.2

14.02
13.93
13.93
13.99
13.96
13.88
13.97
14.03
14.14
14.14

507.52
515.41
518.20
528.82
533.27
537.16
539.24
542.96
551.46
554.29

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

1990

40.8

10.83

10.37

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.60

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.14

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

441.86

38.9

12.96

504.14

38.1

10.79

411.10

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1990:
October
November..
December..
1991:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September13
October" ....

40.9
40.8
41.3

$10.94
10.96
11.05

$10.46
10.48
10.57

$447.45
447.17
456.37

38.7
38.8
39.1

$13.08
13.09
13.14

$506.20
507.89
513.77

38.1
38.0
38.4

$10.86
10.93
11.04

$413.77
415.34
423.94

40.2
39.9
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.9
40.4
40.9
41.4
41.1

11.05
11.02
11.06
11.11
11.15
11.19
11.22
11.17
11.28
11.27

10.62
10.61
10.64
10.69
10.72
10.71
10.74
10.67
10.74
10.75

444.21
439.70
443.51
445.51
449.35
457.67
453.29
456.85
466.99
463.20

38.2
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.6
39.1
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.7

13.18
13.17
13.15
13.19
13.17
13.16
13.25
13.26
13.31
13.31

503.48
504.41
503.65
506.50
508.36
514.56
515.43
515.81
519.09
515.10

37.7
37.7
37.9
37.9
38.1
38.5
38.1
38.2
38.4
38.2

11.04
11.08
11.06
11.12
11.11
11.19
11.14
11.14
11.24
11.17

416.21
417.72
419.17
421.45
423.29
430.82
424.43
425.55
431.62
426.69

See footnotes at end of table.

82



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990

28.8

6.76

194.69

35.8

9.97

356.93

32.6

9.83

320.46

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1990:
October
November..
December..
1991:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
Octoberp ....

28.4
28.4
29.2

$6.83
6.86
6.84

$193.97
194.82
199.73

35.5
35.6
36.2

$10.08
10.12
10.24

$357.84
360.27
370.69

32.4
32.4
32.7

$9.96
10.02
10.11

$322.70
324.65
330.60

27.6
28.0
28.1
28.3
28.6
29.2
29.3
29.3
28.8
28.4

6.90
6.89
6.91
6.98
6.97
6.98
6.98
6.97
7.07
7.07

190.44
192.92
194.17
197.53
199.34
203.82
204.51
204.22
203.62
200.79

35.7
35.8
35.6
35.6
35.5
36.2
35.6
35.7
36.1
35.5

10.24
10.30
10.33
10.36
10.36
10.42
10.36
10.37
10.52
10.48

365.57
368.74
367.75
368.82
367.78
377.20
368.82
370.21
379.77
372.04

32.1
32.3
32.3
32.3
32.3
32.8
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.4

10.12
10.14
10.16
10.19
10.21
10.19
10.13
10.15
10.34
10.33

324.85
327.52
328.17
329.14
329.78
334.23
330.24
331.91
337.08
334.69

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1990 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1990 forward are subject to revision.

83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991 P

34.3

34.7

34.7

34.4

45.1

44.6

44.5

44.8

44.6

42.3
44.5
45.3

43.2
41.5
46.2

43.2
41.9
45.3

10
101

102

43.3
43.8
46.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

12
122

44.6
44.6

44.8
44.8

44.7
44.8

45.4
45.5

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas ...
Oil and gas field services

13
138

45.2
43.8
46.0

44.7
41.3
46.6

44.2
41.4
45.9

44.5
42.9
45.5

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

46.6
47.2

45.4
45.8

45.8
45.7

46.1
46.4

39.1

38.0

38.7

39.0

Construction .

Oct.
1991 P

34.8

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores ,

131

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991 P

39.2

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

38.2
37.2
37.2
39.2

37.3
36.2
37.2
38.4

38.1
37.0
37.5
39.2

38.3
37.1
38.2
39.3

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

43.5
45.4
42.4

41.2
41.8
40.8

42.6
44.0
41.9

43.6
44.7
43.0

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work ...

17

171
172
173
174
175
176

38.2
38.7
36.6
39.7
35.8
35.8
36.3

37.4
38.6
36.2
39.4
35.3
35.1
33.9

37.9
38.9
36.8
39.3
35.5
35.6
35.8

38.0
38.9
36.8
39.3
35.9
35.5
35.8

41.3

40.9

40.9

41.4

41.1

4.1

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.0

41.8

41.4

41.2

41.8

41.6

4.1

3.8

3.8

4.1

3.9

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.9
42.7
41.6
42.1
40.1
40.1
39.7
39.2
40.3
43.1
40.1
39.6
39.4
41.0

40.2
41.4
41.1
41.5
39.6
39.4
39.2
38.7
40.8
40.9
39.6
38.8
38.6
40.3

40.6
42.3
41.3
41.6
40.3
40.3
40.4
39.8
40.7
40.3
39.1
38.9
38.9
40.3

40.8
42.1
41.8
42.1
40.8
40.3
40.0
39.2
41.1
42.5
39.8
38.5
38.4
40.6

40.3

3.8
5.7
4.5
4.8
3.1
3.1
2.8
2.7
3.5
4.9
3.5
2.5
2.5
3.6

3.4
5.4
4.1
4.4
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.3
3.4
3.7
3.3
2.1
2.1
3.1

3.7
5.3
4.3
4.5
3.7
3.1
2.9
2.8
3.8
3.3
2.9
2.6
2.4
3.2

3.7
5.1
4.4
4.5
4.0
3.1
2.7
2.5
3.9
4.3
3.4
2.4
2.1
3.4

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254

39.8
39.1
39.3
37.9
41.1
40.3
40.0
41.2
42.0
39.3

39.2
38.3
38.8
37.2
40.6
37.8
40.8
40.5
41.2
39.0

39.5
38.9
39.6
37.1
40.1
40.8
36.8
42.9
42.6
39.8

40.0
39.3
39.7
37.7
41.6
40.8
38.7
43.0
42.6
39.9

39.5

2.9
2.4
2.3
1.9
3.7
3.6
3.2
4.1
4.6
2.5

2.6
2.2
2.4
1.8
2.9
1.8
2.9
3.5
3.7
2.2

3.0
2.4
2.6
1.7
2.9
3.2
2.5
5.2
5.0
3.2

3.3
2.7
2.8
2.1
3.6
3.8
2.6
5.8
5.0
3.3

Manufacturing.
Durable goods .

See footnotes at end of table.

84



259

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991 P

$10.15 $10.14 $10.31 $10.46 $10.45 $353.22 $347.80 $357.76 $362.96 $359.48

Mining

13.86

13.73

14.16

14.36

14.19 625.09

612.36

630.12

643.33

632.87

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

14.40
15.25
12.98

14.41
15.26
12.89

14.82
16.13
13.29

15.06
15.92
13.62

623.52
667.95
597.08

609.54
679.07
583.92

640.22
669.40
614.00

650.59
667.05
616.99

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

16.83
16.99

16.77
16.91

17.05
17.21

17.16
17.30

750.62
757.75

751.30
757.57

762.14
771.01

779.06
787.15

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

13.16
16.61
11.27

12.93
16.27
11.28

13.50
16.53
11.77

13.75
16.95
11.81

594.83
727.52
518.42

577.97
671.95
525.65

596.70
684.34
540.24

611.88
727.16
537.36

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

11.76
11.39

11.72
11.30

11.99
11.39

12.07
11.49

548.02
537.61

532.09
517.54

549.14
520.52

556.43
533.14

13.97

13.97

14.03

14.14

14.14 546.23

530.86

542.96

551.46

15
152
153
154

13.17
12.30
13.19
13.95

13.21
12.30
13.39
14.01

13.27
12.11
14.08
14.30

13.38
12.29
14.25
14.33

503.09
457.56
490.67
546.84

492.73
445.26
498.11
537.98

505.59
448.07
528.00
560.56

512.45
455.96
544.35
563.17

16
161
162

13.76
13.77
13.76

13.66
13.48
13.76

14.05
14.07
14.04

14.10
14.03
14.15

598.56
625.16
583.42

562.79
563.46
561.41

598.53
619.08
588.28

614.76
627.14
608.45

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

14.35
14.55
13.00
15.28
14.58
14.33
12.46

14.35
14.64
12.97
15.28
14.48
14.00
12.40

14.32
14.66
12.96
15.26
14.52
14.41
12.28

14.43
14.80
13.17
15.38
14.56
14.64
12.35

548.17
563.09
475.80
606.62
521.96
513.01
452.30

536.69
565.10
469.51
602.03
511.14
491.40
420.36

542.73
570.27
476.93
599.72
515.46
513.00
439.62

548.34
575.72
484.66
604.43
522.70
519.72
442.13

10.93

10.94

11.17

11.28

11.27 451.41

447.45

456.85

466.99

463.20

11.49

11.50

11.77

11.89

11.87 480.28

476.10

484.92

497.00

493.79

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

554.29

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

9.21
11.49
9.25
9.61
7.61
9.18
9.57
8.54
7.80
10.42
6.67
8.68
8.79
8.35

9.14
11.37
9.23
9.58
7.58
9.06
9.36
8.52
7.79
10.31
6.68
8.70
8.78
8.31

9.36
11.39
9.45
9.79
7.93
9.31
9.59
8.78
7.94
10.51
6.76
9.08
9.16
8.60

9.40
11.31
9.52
9.86
8.02
9.38
9.68
8.86
7.96
10.59
6.79
9.09
9.15
8.65

9.35 376.69
490.62
384.80
404.58
305.16
368.12
379.93
334.77
314.34
449.10
267.47
343.73
346.33
342.35

367.43
470.72
379.35
397.57
300.17
356.96
366.91
329.72
317.83
421.68
264.53
337.56
338.91
334.89

380.02
481.80
390.29
407.26
319.58
375.19
387.44
349.44
323.16
423.55
264.32
353.21
356.32
346.58

383.52
476.15
397.94
415.11
327.22
378.01
387.20
347.31
327.16
450.08
270.24
349.97
351.36
351.19

376.81

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

8.63
7.95
7.40
8.70
8.24
8.30
9.70
9.30
9.91
9.05

8.61
7.95
7.46
8.72
8.08
8.12
9.73
9.19
9.79
8.98

8.82
8.19
7.68
8.90
8.46
8.46
9.51
9.44
10.16
9.26

8.88
8.25
7.72
8.98
8.43
8.50
9.56
9.69
10.17
9.34

8.86 343.47
310.85
290.82
329.73
338.66
334.49
388.00
383.16
416.22
355.67

337.51
304.49
289.45
324.38
328.05
306.94
396.98
372.20
403.35
350.22

348.39
318.59
304.13
330.19
339.25
345.17
349.97
404.98
432.82
368.55

355.20
324.23
306.48
338.55
350.69
346.80
369.97
416.67
433.24
372.67

349.97

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ..
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products .
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries '.
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers

34
341

Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
See footnotes at end of table.

86



3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462

3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991 P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

42.7
45.3
41.9
42.4
41.3
41.4
42.3
40.5
39.8
44.5
45.5
43.7
44.3
42.2
41.3
40.5

41.9
44.2
41.8
42.2
41.3
40.9
42.1
40.0
40.2
42.9
44.2
43.1
42.1
41.7
40.8
40.1

42.2
45.3
42.0
42.4
41.7
40.9
41.4
39.9
40.6
43.7
43.9
43.3
43.4
41.1
40.3
38.6

42.6
44.7
42.3
41.9
42.7
41.9
41.5
39.8
40.6
44.1
43.8
43.3
44.1
42.0
42.8
39.7

42.4

5.3
6.5
4.7
5.8
3.5
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.1
7.2
7.0
6.4
7.4
4.9
3.4
3.2

4.9
5.8
4.5
5.6
3.4
3.3
3.9
3.0
3.1
6.3
6.6
5.9
6.2
4.9
3.9
2.7

5.0
7.2
4.8
5.8
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.0
3.1
6.7
6.7
5.8
7.1
4.3
2.9
2.8

5.3
6.5
4.6
5.4
3.9
4.0
3.6
3.0
3.2
7.1
6.4
6.0
7.7
5.0
4.1
4.7

43.2
43.9
44.2
44.0
42.7
43.1
43.2
41.4
43.3
42.9
43.6
43.6
44.6
43.1
40.9
40.8

42.8
43.5
43.8
44.2
42.4
42.7
43.3
41.5
43.1
42.9
42.7
41.5
45.2
41.8
41.0
41.2

42.6
43.5
43.8
42.2
41.8
42.6
44.2
39.6
42.9
43.2
42.9
42.5
45.3
41.6
40.6
41.4

43.1
44.0
44.5
42.2
42.7
43.4
44.3
40.5
43.5
43.5
43.3
41.9
46.0
42.5
41.0
41.2

42.9
43.9

5.4
6.0
6.2
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.6
4.9
5.0
5.1
6.2
6.6
8.6
5.6
3.2
2.9

5.1
5.9
6.1
5.8
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.7
4.8
5.1
5.6
5.4
8.9
4.7
3.2
3.4

5.0
5.5
5.7
4.8
4.5
4.9
5.8
3.6
5.0
5.6
5.9
5.8
8.3
4.8
3.1
3.3

5.2
5.5
5.8
4.7
4.7
5.2
6.2
3.2
5.2
5.6
6.2
6.5
8.9
5.2
3.2
3.3

41.8
43.6
44.0
41.1
40.1
41.2
40.4
39.6
40.4
41.3
42.6
39.3
42.9
40.8
38.8
42.1
40.6
43.7
43.1
42.8
44.3
41.4
41.5
40.8
42.7
40.8
40.2
41.5
43.2
40.6

41.4
42.7
43.2
40.6
39.9
40.4
40.1
38.3
41.3
40.9
41.8
39.2
42.4
40.4
39.3
42.3
40.6
44.1
42.5
42.2
43.2
41.5
41.2
40.6
42.2
40.8
41.3
41.4
42.8
40.7

41.4
43.4
43.7
41.3
41.3
40.9
41.6
42.3
40.4
41.1
41.7
40.5
42.2
40.3
39.4
41.5
40.6
42.3
42.0
40.9
43.1
41.0
41.1
40.1
42.6
40.7
41.0
41.4
41.1
40.8

42.0
44.3
44.6
42.0
41.5
41.8
42.2
43.1
41.4
41.1
41.6
40.1
42.6
40.5
39.7
42.3
41.0
43.7
42.9
40.7
44.3
41.7
41.5
40.6
42.9
41.6
41.2
42.1
41.8
41.7

41.9

4.1
5.7
5.7
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.2
2.7
3.0
3.9
4.8
2.3
4.9
3.5
2.9
5.0
3.7
6.3
4.8
4.4
5.5
3.8
4.3
3.5
5.7
3.6
3.2
3.8
4.3
3.3

3.8
5.2
5.3
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.8
1.9
3.4
3.5
4.1
2.3
4.4
3.2
2.7
4.8
3.4
6.2
4.2
4.1
4.7
3.6
4.0
3.3
5.3
3.7
3.2
3.7
4.1
3.2

3.8
5.4
5.3
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.8
4.3
3.3
4.3
3.2
3.4
3.9
3.0
4.8
3.9
3.6
4.4
3.4
3.9
2.9
5.5
3.3
3.3
3.6
3.2
3.5

4.2
6.1
6.1
4.0
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.3
4.3
3.7
4.2
2.8
4.5
3.3
3.2
4.8
3.5
6.1
4.7
3.2
5.6
4.0
4.2
3.4
5.6
3.8
3.3
4.0
3.6
3.5

Oct.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

13.57
12.06
9.68
14.30
9.73

10.54
10.82

13.62
12.09
9.66
13.94
9.76
9.76
11.06
10.39
9.89
11.91
11.76
10.14
11.58

13.06
14.98
15.74
11.92
11.72
12.24
12.39
11.12
14.48
14.54
12.43
11.65
15.39
12.34
10.29
9.86

13.08
15.04
15.83
11.99
11.73
12.23
12.55
11.11
14.58
14.67
12.42
11.64
15.31
12.25
10.32
9.92

10.95
14.28

10.95
14.15
14.91
10.83

13.36
11.68
9.91
13.79
9.62
9.57
10.96
9.70
9.91
11.83
11.73

13.27
11.71
9.79
13.86
9.64
9.60
10.89
9.78
9.89
11.73

10.50
11.12

15.08

10.85
10.06
11.17
9.87
9.46
9.66
10.22
10.34
8.59
11.06

10.61
9.86
10.88

10.17

346
3462
3465
3469
347

12.89
12.98
14.44

3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

$11.23 $11.18 $11.41 $11.43 $11.41 $479.52 $468.44 $481.50 $486.92 $483.78
684.03 655.93 738.84 719.67
15.10 14.84 16.31 16.10
525.43 522.50 540.12 541.44
12.54
12.86 12.80
12.50

3451
3452

3471

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

11.57

10.33

9.11
9.02
9.26
11.95
11.82
10.31
10.48
9.00

11.68

10.06

11.07
9.90
9.55
9.74
10.25
10.33
8.61
11.12
10.61

9.94
10.88
10.11
11.62
12.94
12.99
14.56
10.37
9.11
9.02
9.26
12.04
11.82

10.29
10.49
8.95

433.88

577.49
504.15
395.09
577.12
389.42
396.26
483.32
456.12
428.24
516.89
483.34
408.64
446.99

568.58
514.96
405.59
593.45
387.25
399.50
489.95
450.70
427.80
529.20
497.70
433.99
467.27

13.52 564.19
15.67 657.62
695.71
524.48
500.44
527.54
535.25
460.37
626.98
623.77
541.95
507.94
686.39
531.85
420.86
402.29

559.82
654.24
693.35
529.96
497.35
522.22
543.42
461.07
628.40
629.34
530.33
483.06
692.01
512.05
423.12
408.70

571.69
671.64
713.94
518.64
499.51
529.09
557.36
445.90
628.06
649.73
547.83
512.98
701.70
524.58
431.17
422.28

582.71
684.64
731.14
517.79
517.10
546.84
571.91
456.03
635.10
648.59
559.44
515.79
715.76
546.13
436.65
424.36

580.01
687.91

11.31 457.71
622.61
663.52
445.94
403.41
460.20
398.75
374.62
390.26
422.09
440.48
337.59
474.47
432.89
382.57
458.05
412.90
505.61
555.56
555.54
639.69
427.66
378.07
368.02
395.40
487.56
475.16
427.87
452.74
365.40

453.33
604.21
644.11
439.70
401.39
447.23
396.99
365.77
402.26
419.23
431.79
337.51
471.49
428.64
390.64
460.22
410.47
512.44
549.95
548.18
628.99
430.36
375.33
366.21
390.77
491.23
488.17
426.01
448.97
364.27

464.92
632.77
674.29
460.91
429.11
466.26
413.92
394.24
407.23
432.37
441.19
354.78
484.03
440.88
398.73
462.31
417.77
505.91
557.76
535.79
655.12
434.19
383.46
368.92
405.98
503.05
503.89
436.36
451.69
374.95

475.44
648.11
690.41
475.86
429.53
489.06
424.95
407.73
420.62
433.19
442.21
348.07
491.60
443.48
404.54
475.88
424.35
529.21
579.15
538.87
683.55
444.11
388.03
373.11
410.98
517.09
507.58
445.00
462.31
384.06

473.89

559.99
483.62

9.88
12.00
11.85
10.14
11.77

566.46
482.38
410.27
583.32
389.61
380.89
487.72
441.35
433.07
524.07
495.01
433.65
450.36

13.42
15.44
16.30
12.29
11.95
12.42
12.61
11.26
14.64
15.04
12.77
12.07
15.49
12.61
10.62
10.20

13.52
15.56
16.43
12.27
12.11
12.60
12.91
11.26
14.60
14.91
12.92
12.31
15.56
12.85
10.65
10.30

11.23
14.58
15.43
11.16
10.39
11.40
9.95
9.32
10.08
10.52
10.58
8.76
11.47
10.94
10.12
11.14
10.29
11.96
13.28
13.10
15.20
10.59
9.33
9.20
9.53
12.36
12.29
10.54
10.99
9.19

11.32
14.63
15.48
11.33
10.35
11.70
10.07
9.46
10.16
10.54
10.63
8.68
11.54
10.95
10.19
11.25
10.35
12.11
13.50
13.24
15.43
10.65
9.35
9.19
9.58
12.43
12.32
10.57
11.06
9.21

9.84
11.11
10.29

400.41
583.51
385.60

385.92
467.18
432.28

426.26
493.83
487.06
430.03

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ,
Electronic and other electrical equipment ..
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment....
Household audio and video equipment.
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories .
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ..
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.




1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

42.2
42.6
44.9
41.7
41.5
42.2
43.2
41.8
42.1
48.2
41.7
41.1
42.7
40.5
43.5
43.8
41.5
42.5
41.8
42.2
37.4
41.7
42.3
41.3
44.4
44.9
40.4
40.8
42.3
42.1
42.0

42.0
42.3
44.7
41.4
41.0
40.9
43.0
42.0
41.9
47.6
41.9
40.8
42.8
41.5
42.7
43.7
41.2
42.3
41.3
42.2
36.9
41.2
41.9
41.2
43.7
44.6
39.6
41.2
41.4
42.1
41.6

41.5
43.0
44.6
42.2
40.2
39.3
42.4
43.1
39.6
45.1
41.1
39.3
41.7
41.7
40.4
42.2
40.7
42.7
41.4
41.5
38.6
41.1
41.3
41.5
42.0
42.5
40.2
40.2
40.3
41.0
41.0

42.3
44.2
45.8
43.5
40.6
40.2
43.1
43.1
40.4
46.2
42.5
40.1
42.1
42.3
41.3
42.7
41.8
41.9
42.0
42.5
38.4
41.7
41.9
41.8
42.7
43.1
41.2
41.5
41.4
42.5
42.1

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

40.6
40.4
40.4
42.3
41.8
42.3

41.4
39.5
39.4
42.2
41.9
42.1

39.8
41.4
41.8
41.6
40.4
41.9

42.1
41.7
42.3
42.4
41.7
42.6

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

41.2
41.9
42.5
41.3
42.2
41.6
42.5
40.1
38.6
40.9
41.0
40.2
40.6
39.7
41.2
38.0
42.2
42.2
42.4
44.2
40.5
41.6
40.7
39.9
42.1
44.0
41.4

40.9
41.9
42.0
41.7
41.7
40.8
42.5
39.8
37.9
39.9
40.8
40.0
41.8
39.2
41.1
37.9
41.1
41.6
42.0
43.9
40.0
40.9
40.0
39.5
42.2
43.9
41.5

40.5
40.9
41.1
40.7
41.3
41.2
41.1
40.3
40.1
39.6
41.7
39.9
41.4
38.3
42.5
38.0
39.4
40.2
40.8
40.8
40.1
41.5
40.7
38.9
41.8
45.1
40.7

41.1
41.3
41.1
41.5
42.1
42.2
41.6
40.5
39.8
39.9
42.2
40.9
42.6
39.2
44.3
39.1
40.6
41.3
40.8
40.8
40.6
42.3
41.4
39.1
42.7
45.6
42.2

Oct.
1991P

41.9

40.7

pt.
90

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct
1991

4.3
4.4
7.1
3.4
3.9
4.3
4.1
2.3
4.4
7.3
4.5
2.7
5.0
3.7
4.9
6.2
3.6
3.9
4.3
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.5
4.2
6.5
5.2
3.5
4.9
4.2
3.2
3.6

4.0
4.1
7.1
2.9
3.1
3.3
4.0
2.5
4.2
7.1
4.5
2.6
4.8
4.1
4.4
6.0
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.5
2.4
3.8
4.2
4.1
5.9
4.7
2.5
5.1
3.8
3.2
3.3

3.7
4.7
6.5
3.9
2.8
2.7
3.3
2.9
3.1
4.5
3.9
2.1
4.1
3.8
3.2
5.0
2.6
4.7
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.9
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.8
3.4
4.0
2.9
2.6
2.3

4.0
5.2
7.5
4.2
3.2
2.9
3.6
2.5
3.7
5.3
4.7
2.3
4.4
4.3
3.7
5.2
3.2
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.7
4.2
4.0
3.7
4.7
4.8
3.6
4.2
4.3
3.3
3.1

2.9
2.9
2.9
4.9
4.5
4.9

3.2
2.3
2.3
4.6
4.2
4.7

3.7
3.7
4.0
4.1
2.9
4.3

4.2
3.4
3.7
4.6
3.4
4.8

_
_
_
_
-

3.5
3.6
4.0
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
2.5
1.8
2.6
2.6
3.1
3.7
2.8
2.8
2.7
4.3
3.6
3.6
4.5
3.6
3.8
4.6
2.8
4.1
5.9
3.8

3.3
3.2
3.5
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.2
1.7
2.0
2.3
3.0
3.8
2.7
2.2
2.7
3.6
3.4
3.6
4.6
3.3
3.3
4.5
2.4
4.3
5.9
3.9

3.3
3.3
3.6
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.4
3.4
3.0
2.4
4.1
2.8
3.0
2.2
3.0
1.8
4.0
3.9
3.0
3.3
3.5
4.2
4.5
2.4
3.9
6.3
3.5

3.5
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.5
1.7
4.0
3.3
3.2
2.6
3.9
2.6
4.8
4.5
3.0
3.1
3.6
4.3
4.7
2.7
4.3
5.8
4.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

SIC

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

1987
Industry

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1991P

Aug.
1991

$11.94 $11.90 $12.15 $12.24 $12.27 $503.87
14.71 14.74 15.42 15.47
626.65
15.11 15.19 15.87 15.99
678.44
14.55 14.56 15.20 15.23
606.74
11.38 11.21 11.40 11.47
472.27
12.15 12.24 12.35 12.42
512.73
12.05 12.08 12.40 12.58
520.56
13.67 13.82 14.22 14.53
571.41
11.99 11.95 12.26 12.40
50478
11.35 11.29 11.45 11.48
547.07
10.80 10.86 11.28 11.41
450.36
10.56 10.52 10.74 10.78
434.02
12.45 12.42 12.52 12.59
531.62
12.40 12.42 12.97 13.03
502.20
12.54 12.52 12.54 12.62
545.49
13.13 13.05 13.01 13.05
575.09
11.06 11.07 11.21 11.33
458.99
9.99 10.08 10.48 10.42
424.58
12.02 11.91 12.40 12.41
502.44
10.23 10.13 10.55 10.49
431.71
14.12 13.59 14.43 14.23
528.09
11.82 11.86 12.19 12.33
492.89
11.48 11.53 11.76 11.88
485.60
11.97 12.12 12.34 12.52
494.36
12.33 12.36 12.53 12.71
547.45
11.83 11.88 12.16 12.28
531.17
10.05 10.06 10.11 10.17
406.02
11.74 11.87 12.38 12.49
478.99
10.98 10.98 11.40 11.67
464.45
11.59 11.52 12.02 12.13
487.94
11.99 11.97 12.42 12.60
503.58

$499.80
623.50
678.99
602.78
459.61
500.62
519.44
580.44
500.71
537.40
455.03
429.22
531.58
515.43
534.60
570.29
456.08
426.38
491.88
427.49
501.47
488.63
483.11
499.34
540.13
529.85
398.38
489.04
454.57
484.99
497.95

$504.23
663.06
707.80
641.44
458.28
485.36
525.76
612.88
485.50
516.40
463.61
422.08
522.08
540.85
506.62
549.02
456.25
447.50
513.36
437.83
557.00
501.01
485.69
512.11
526.26
516.80
406.42
497.68
459.42
492.82
509.22

$517.75 $514.11
683.77
732.34
662.51
465.68
499.28
542.20
626.24
500.96
530.38
484.93
432.28
530.04
551.17
521.21
557.24
473.59
436.60
521.22
445.83
546.43
514.16
497.77
523.34
542.72
529.27
419.00
518.34
483.14
515.53
530.46

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1990

Oct.
1990

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

11.14
11.17
11.39
11.66
12.50
11.35

11.26
11.07
11.26
11.63
12.33
11.33

12.24
11.14
11.30
11.81
12.33
11.52

12.21
11.15
11.31
11.88
12.52
11.59

452.28
451.27
460.16
493.22
522.50
480.11

466.16
437.27
443.64
490.79
516.63
476.99

487.15
461.20
472.34
491.30
498.13
482.69

514.04
464.96
478.41
503.71
522.08
493.73

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

10.41
10.34
10.09
10.61
9.98
9.89
10.12
10.28
11.33
12.60
7.53
10.23
11.51
10.04
9.41
7.59
9.99
10.48
11.07
11.62
10.11
12.12
12.38
9.46
11.43
12.74
12.00

10.45
10.28
10.04
10.53
10.05
9.90
10.26
10.22
11.44
12.42
7.49
10.22
11.58
9.97
9.55
7.53
10.12
10.70
11.10
11.65
10.19
12.22
12.56
9.44
11.55
12.97
12.06

10.78
10.69
10.48
10.92
10.19
9.82
10.70
10.46
11.65
12.51
7.75
10.54
11.86
10.35
9.70

10.85
10.69
10.39
11.01
10.29
9.86
10.92
10.43
11.79
12.53
7.73
10.68
11.91
10.41
9.80

10.82 428.89

7.97
10.60
10.94
11.49
12.12
10.53
12.31
12.82
9.73
11.90
13.20
12.32

7.90
10.63
11.01
11.54
12.19
10.60
12.42
12.96
9.75
11.99
13.28
12.38

427.41
430.73
421.68
439.10
419.09
403.92
436.05
406.76
433.58
495.56
305.59
408.80
484.04
390.82
392.51
285.39
415.93
445.12
466.20
511.44
407.60
499.80
502.40
372.88
487.41
569.38
500.49

436.59
437.22
430.73
444.44
420.85
404.58
439.77
421.54
467.17
495.40
323.18
420.55
491.00
396.41
412.25
302.86
417.64
439.79
468.79
494.50
422.25
510.87
521.77
378.50
497.42
595.32
501.42

445.94
441.50
427.03
456.92
433.21
416.09
454.27
422.42
469.24
499.95
326.21
436.81
507.37
408.07
434.14
308.89
431.58
454.71
470.83
497.35
430.36
525.37
536.54
381.23
511.97
605.57
522.44

433.25
428.83
438.19
421.16
411.42
430.10
412.23
437.34
515.34
308.73
411.25
467.31
398.59
387.69
288.42
421.58
442.26
469.37
513.60
409.46
504.19
503.87
377.45
481.20
560.56
496.80

440.37

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1991 P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

42.5
43.3
44.0
41.2
43.3
41.1
42.2
41.6
43.2
42.3
40.5
41.8
37.8
41.6
42.7
43.6
40.1
39.5

41.8
42.5
42.0
42.6
43.0
40.9
41.3
41.0
42.4
40.9
39.7
40.2
38.6
40.8
42.6
43.2
39.7
39.0

42.8
44.0
44.4
41.5
44.2
41.1
41.9
41.6
43.4
41.3
40.8
41.6
38.9
41.0
43.0
43.8
39.1
37.9

42.9
44.1

3792

42.9
44.0
44.2
43.2
44.4
41.4
42.2
41.4
43.6
42.5
40.1
41.1
37.9
42.4
42.5
43.0
40.1
39.3

4.7
5.3
5.3
5.0
5.7
3.3
4.7
4.1
6.0
4.5
2.9
3.1
2.3
4.0
4.1
4.5
3.2
2.4

4.4
4.8
5.3
3.3
4.8
2.8
4.7
4.2
5.8
4.6
2.4
2.7
1.9
3.5
3.7
4.3
2.7
2.1

4.1
4.6
4.4
4.0
4.9
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.7
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.1
4.3
5.0
2.4
2.2

4.6
5.3
5.7
3.7
5.3
3.7
4.3
4.2
5.4
3.5
3.2
3.5
2.5
2.3
4.7
5.4
2.1
1.9

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts .

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.3
41.0
41.9
41.2
42.3
42.2
41.0
40.5
41.1
39.1
42.5
41.3

41.0
41.2
40.9
40.5
41.5
40.2
40.9
40.2
41.2
38.7
42.8
40.0

40.7
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.9
38.9
41.2
41.2
41.3
40.5
42.1
38.4

41.3
40.7
41.1
41.9
40.8
40.4
41.7
41.6
41.7
40.7
42.8
40.3

41.1

3.2
2.6
3.1
2.9
4.2
2.3
3.6
3.9
3.3
2.6
4.3
3.3

3.0
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.4
2.0
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.4
4.3
2.2

2.9
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.7
1.9
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.9
1.7

3.2
2.7
2.8
3.5
2.8
2.2
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
4.3
2.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911

39.9
39.2
38.7
40.7
40.6
40.0
41.0
40.6
40.0
40.8
39.5
40.2

40.2
40.0
40.0
40.7
40.3
40.0
40.5
40.8
41.1
42.7
39.7
40.2

40.1
38.9
38.5
38.9
40.7
40.2
41.2
41.0
40.4
40.7
39.8
39.7

40.3
39.3
39.0
38.8
41.3
41.1
41.4
40.0
41.7
42.2
39.8
40.1

40.4

3.0
2.8
2.9
2.1
3.3
2.6
3.7
2.5
2.9
3.7
3.1
3.4

3.1
3.8
4.2
2.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.2
4.0
5.6
3.1
3.5

2.9
2.1
2.2
1.8
3.3
3.1
3.4
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.8
3.1

3.2
2.5
2.4
1.6
3.7
3.5
3.9
3.0
3.4
3.8
3.2
3.5

40.6

40.2

40.5

40.8

40.5

4.1

3.8

4.0

4.3

41.9
41.2
42.5
42.4
39.9
41.7
40.3
42.6
43.5
45.7
43.9
44.1
46.1
50.4
42.9

41.0
40.6
41.8
42.1
39.3
40.9
39.8
41.2
40.7
43.9
40.0
40.0
45.4
50.6
41.9

41.1
40.1
41.1
41.9
38.9
41.0
39.6
42.2
42.0
44.8
42.6
41.1
45.1
47.9
42.9

41.4
40.2
42.3
42.6
38.0
41.6
40.6
42.7
42.7
45.5
43.6
42.4
45.9
48.8
43.8

40.9

5.6
5.1
6.4
5.9
4.1
4.9
4.1
5.5
7.4
9.3
8.2
8.1
7.3
9.0
6.0

4.7
4.4
5.1
5.4
3.5
4.4
3.7
4.6
5.0
6.7
5.1
5.1
7.0
9.3
5.5

5.1
4.0
4.4
5.0
3.3
4.4
3.5
4.7
6.9
8.3
8.0
6.3
7.1
7.7
6.0

5.3
4.2
5.4
5.6
3.0
4.7
4.2
5.0
7.2
9.0
8.6
6.8
7.7
9.0
6.5

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372

3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

376
3761
379

393

394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods .
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry slaughtering and processing ...
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
See footnotes at end of table.

90




20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Oct.
1991 P

4.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies

Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384

3841
3842
385
386
387

39
391
3911

393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

$14.30 $14.41 $14.83 $15.06 $15.01 $613.47 $612.43 $619.89 $644.57 $643.93
15.66
15.32
15.55 652.96 649.50 651.10 689.04 685.76
14.84 15.00
774.83 787.16 768.60 825.40
18.59
18.30
17.53 17.89
13.40
551.66 522.42 560.62 556.10
13.16
12.77 12.68
14.15
13.86
600.29 584.12 595.98 625.43
13.52 13.49
9.78 10.02
403.65 401.55 400.00 411.82
9.77
9.75
15.78
15.72
628.36 632.58 649.24 661.18
14.89 14.99
2
2
O
()
()
$658.36 $652.75 $655.50 $679.21
$15.10 $15.11 $15.46 $15.65
570.78 573.17 578.33 586.46
13.43 13.55
14.14
14.20
443.51 450.77 453.77 469.61
11.06 11.13
11.43
11.51
488.68 498.67 492.45 514.59
11.89 11.93
12.25
12.37
346.03 346.63 361.68 363.72
9.13
9.37
9.17
9.35
576.22 568.26 572.02 575.23
13.59 13.66
14.02
14.03
14.69 14.57
624.33 622.14 637.72 648.01
14.97
15.07
2
2
()
()
(2)
$436.29 $433.48 $425.58 $426.19
$10.88 $10.81 $10.72 $10.90
352.91 363.01 374.01 374.07
8.98
9.59
9.19
9.87
11.45
14.81
10.84
9.61
10.73
11.00
10.05
10.17
9.75
8.26
14.37
7.69

11.46
14.85
10.84
9.55
10.65
10.98
10.05
10.20
9.77
8.32
14.26
7.56

11.66
15.28
11.16
9.88
10.88
11.49
10.13
9.99
9.92
8.57
14.63
7.98

8.62
9.23
9.22
8.71
7.99
7.73
8.17
8.83
7.33
6.48
9.15
9.94

8.62
9.34
9.34
8.75
7.94
7.81
8.04
8.83
7.36
6.55
9.11
9.99

8.85
9.51
9.49
8.89
8.18
7.92
8.36
9.40
7.57
6.74
9.29
9.93

11.74 $11.76 472.89
15.33
607.21
11.20
454.20
395.93
9.93
453.88
10.95
464.20
11.54
412.05
10.26
411.89
10.21
400.73
10.02
322.97
8.57
610.73
14.76
317.60
7.91

469.86
611.82
443.36
386.78
441.98
441.40
411.05
410.04
402.52
321.98
610.33
302.40

474.56
612.73
449.75
399.15
444.99
446.96
417.36
411.59
409.70
347.09
615.92
306.43

484.86 $483.34
623.93
460.32
416.07
446.76
466.22
427.84
424.74
417.83
348.80
631.73
318.77

8.90
9.47
9.42
8.87
8.18
7.94
8.36
9.50
7.64
6.87
9.44
10.12

8.83 343.94
361.82
356.81
354.50
324.39
309.20
334.97
358.50
293.20
264.38
361.43
399.59

346.52
373.60
373.60
356.13
319.98
312.40
325.62
360.26
302.50
279.69
361.67
401.60

354.89
369.94
365.37
345.82
332.93
318.38
344.43
385.40
305.83
274.32
369.74
394.22

358.67
372.17
367.38
344.16
337.83
326.33
346.10
380.00
318.59
289.91
375.71
405.81

356.73

10.19

10.20

10.42

10.49

10.50 413.71

410.04

422.01

427.99

425.25

9.54
8.00
8.82
9.39
6.88
10.67
9.77
11.16
8.67
11.67
8.49
7.93
11.62
10.82
9.13

9.54
7.90
8.73
9.31
6.78
10.60
9.70
11.09
8.72
11.68
8.40
8.11
11.51
10.78
9.12

9.81
8.08
8.88
9.35
7.03
10.79
9.80
11.34
9.25
12.13
9.45
8.11
11.93
10.65
9.57

9.87
8.20
9.03
9.46
7.08
10.98
10.06
11.49
9.16
12.19
9.22
8.12
11.91
11.06
9.58

9.89 399.73
329.60
374.85
398.14
274.51
444.94
393.73
475.42
377.15
533.32
372.71
349.71
535.68
545.33
391.68

391.14
320.74
364.91
391.95
266.45
433.54
386.06
456.91
354.90
512.75
336.00
324.40
522.55
545.47
382.13

403.19
324.01
364.97
391.77
273.47
442.39
388.08
478.55
388.50
543.42
402.57
333.32
538.04
510.14
410.55

408.62
329.64
381.97
403.00
269.04
456.77
408.44
490.62
391.13
554.65
401.99
344.29
546.67
539.73
419.60

404.50

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1991 P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

205
2051

39.7
39.2

39.5
39.0

39.4
39.0

39.9
39.2

4.4
4.5

4.2
4.2

4.2
4.4

4.4
4.4

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.6
41.4
43.5
49.5
38.0
40.3
44.5
42.8
43.9
42.1
39.9

40.4
41.4
42.7
48.0
40.4
40.6
45.4
41.7
43.5
40.8
39.4

40.0
40.5
44.7
46.7
43.5
39.0
42.6
42.2
43.9
42.1
40.6

41.3
40.6
46.9
48.1
39.3
39.4
43.7
42.3
42.2
42.1
39.9

4.1
4.7
5.0
12.0
4.6
3.8
6.7
5.3
6.8
4.3
4.8

4.3
4.4
5.7
10.3
4.7
3.5
7.0
4.5
6.9
3.3
4.4

3.7
4.1
4.9
9.5
4.8
3.3
6.1
5.5
8.4
5.3
5.3

4.5
4.5
6.8
10.4
4.7
3.7
6.8
5.4
7.0
4.6
4.9

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

40.9
41.3

40.8
40.8

39.4
39.6

40.1
39.5

40.1

3.3
3.6

2.7
3.1

1.7
1.4

1.4
1.2

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

40.4
41.0
41.4
39.2
40.6
38.7
37.6
37.9
38.5
38.2
40.4
42.2
42.5
43.0
43.0
39.9
40.6
36.2
41.6

40.1
41.5
41.2
38.6
40.1
38.1
38.0
38.2
36.8
37.6
39.5
41.8
42.5
42.4
42.6
39.4
40.1
35.2
41.4

41.8
41.6
41.7
43.8
41.3
40.6
38.5
39.9
40.9
38.3
43.3
44.9
45.6
44.8
44.0
41.1
41.6
37.0
42.3

41.8
41.8
42.3
42.0
41.5
40.6
38.2
40.0
41.3
38.8
42.4
44.5
46.2
44.1
43.2
41.5
41.8
38.0
42.0

41.4

3.9
4.6
4.2
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.6
2.0
3.5
2.1
3.8
5.3
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.5
3.9
1.8
3.9

3.7
4.7
4.2
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.2
3.0
1.7
3.4
5.0
5.4
5.5
4.7
3.3
3.6
2.1
3.8

4.8
5.7
4.8
6.3
3.9
4.0
3.2
3.2
4.6
2.3
5.7
7.5
8.1
7.7
5.2
4.2
4.5
2.0
4.1

4.8
5.8
5.0
4.5
3.8
3.9
2.5
3.4
4.8
2.4
4.9
7.3
8.6
7.3
5.6
4.4
4.6
2.1
4.1

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

36.7
35.9
36.4
35.4
35.6
37.6
34.9
35.7
33.2
35.5
35.3
38.2
38.6
35.9
36.4
36.3
37.5
39.7
36.3
40.2
41.7

36.6
36.1
36.4
35.5
35.7
37.0
34.9
35.3
33.2
34.7
35.4
38.5
39.2
34.9
36.0
36.6
37.2
39.4
35.2
40.1
41.1

37.4
37.1
37.3
37.0
36.6
37.4
35.9
36.1
35.4
35.0
36.3
38.8
39.4
35.4
37.5
37.7
37.5
39.5
37.2
38.9
41.0

37.6
37.0
37.2
37.0
36.4
37.2
36.0
35.4
35.1
34.7
36.6
39.4
39.9
36.4
37.7
37.8
37.8
40.2
38.8
39.3
41.2

37.7

1.8
.9
1.3
.9
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.1
1.0
2.1
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.0
1.4
1.8
1.8
3.4
1.8
3.9
4.5

1.8
.8
1.3
.9
1.3
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.2
2.1
1.6
1.9
2.0
1.3
1.5
2.1
2.0
3.1
1.3
3.6
4.0

2.0
1.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.0
1.8
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.2
1.4
2.1
2.2
1.8
2.9
1.4
3.1
3.6

2.1
1.1
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
.9
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.6
2.7
1.9
2.3
2.9
1.9
3.5
2.2
3.9
4.1

Paper and allied products
Paper mills

26
262
263

43.7
45.1
45.9

43.6
45.8
45.6

43.3
44.3
45.1

43.8
45.3
45.9

43.5

5.3
5.7
7.3

5.1
5.8
7.3

5.2
5.5
7.0

5.5
6.1
7.5

Paperboard mills
See footnotes at end of table.

92



Oct.
1991 P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

205
2051

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

$10.91 $10.93 $11.22 $11.27
11.00 10.92 11.28 11.29

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

10.75
10.20
10.25
14.44
11.08
8.94
10.34
13.45
18.60
10.88
9.02

10.93
9.92
10.20
14.60
9.32
8.93
10.24
13.54
18.82
10.88
9.13

11.10
10.81
10.44
14.51
11.87

11.23
10.72
10.63
14.69
11.53

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

15.92
19.86

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills

Paperboard mills

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1991 P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

$433.13 $431.74 $442.07 $449.67
431.20 425.88 439.92 442.57

9.83
10.43
13.79
19.27
11.19
9.07

9.72
10.38
13.88
19.25
11.48

436.45
422.28
445.88
714.78
421.04
360.28
460.13
575.66
816.54
458.05
359.90

441.57
410.69
435.54
700.80
376.53
362.56
464.90
564.62
818.67
443.90
359.72

444.00
437.81
466.67
677.62
516.35
383.37
444.32
581.94
845.95
471.10
368.24

463.80
435.23
498.55
706.59
453.13
382.97
453.61
587.12
812.35
483.31
366.68

15.81
19.92

16.58
20.32

16.02 $16.08 651.13
820.22
20.33

645.05
812.74

653.25
804.67

642.40 $644.81
803.04

8.09
8.41
8.74
8.62
7.44
7.44
6.95
7.07
7.34
7.39
8.05
8.53
8.49
8.87
8.27
7.77
7.78
7.95
9.20

8.12
8.41
8.72
8.65
7.52
7.48
6.97
7.11
7.50
7.36
8.02
8.56
8.49
8.98
8.27
7.78
7.79
7.91
9.18

8.36
8.63
8.95
9.07
7.88
7.73
7.30
7.31
7.65
7.64
8.45
8.77
8.78
9.10
8.45
8.02
8.02
8.18
9.63

8.42
8.75
9.01
8.95
7.92
7.75
7.29
7.40
7.63
7.68
8.42
8.83
8.85
9.16
8.57
8.11
8.13
8.18
9.64

8.41 326.84
344.81
361.84
337.90
302.06
287.93
261.32
267.95
282.59
282.30
325.22
359.97
360.83
381.41
355.61
310.02
315.87
287.79
382.72

325.61
349.02
359.26
333.89
301.55
284.99
264.86
271.60
276.00
276.74
316.79
357.81
360.83
380.75
352.30
306.53
312.38
278.43
380.05

349.45
359.01
373.22
397.27
325.44
313.84
281.05
291.67
312.89
292.61
365.89
393.77
400.37
407.68
371.80
329.62
333.63
302.66
407.35

351.96
365.75
381.12
375.90
328.68
314.65
278.48
296.00
315.12
297.98
357.01
392.94
408.87
403.96
370.22
336.57
339.83
310.84
404.88

348.17

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.68
7.27
6.13
6.03
6.01
5.95
6.36
5.67
6.82
7.04
6.21
6.25
6.15
6.82
6.04
5.89
6.46
8.02
6.60
6.82
11.35

6.65
7.32
6.11
6.00
6.01
5.92
6.35
5.63
6.88
7.01
6.19
6.25
6.11
7.08
5.99
5.91
6.46
7.95
6.60
6.77
11.22

6.80
7.37
6.31
6.24
6.18
6.17
6.51
5.84
6.84
7.22
6.39
6.52
6.40
7.27
6.18
6.02
6.55
8.09
6.81
6.96
10.96

6.86
7.44
6.35
6.31
6.22
6.15
6.60
5.89
6.98
7.25
6.48
6.56
6.46
7.19
6.18
6.00
6.64
8.13
6.72
7.00
11.11

6.78 245.16
260.99
223.13
213.46
213.96
223.72
221.96
202.42
226.42
249.92
219.21
238.75
237.39
244.84
219.86
213.81
242.25
318.39
239.58
274.16
473.30

243.39
264.25
222.40
213.00
214.56
219.04
221.62
198.74
228.42
243.25
219.13
240.63
239.51
247.09
215.64
216.31
240.31
313.23
232.32
271.48
461.14

254.32
273.43
235.36
230.88
226.19
230.76
233.71
210.82
242.14
252.70
231.96
252.98
252.16
257.36
231.75
226.95
245.63
319.56
253.33
270.74
449.36

257.94
275.28
236.22
233.47
226.41
228.78
237.60
208.51
245.00
251.58
237.17
258.46
257.75
261.72
232.99
226.80
250.99
326.83
260.74
275.10
457.73

255.61

26
262
263

12.43
15.36
15.42

12.43
15.33
15.58

12.72
15.69
15.73

12.79
15.79
15.85

12.80 543.19
692.74
707.78

541.95
702.11
710.45

550.78
695.07
709.42

560.20
715.29
727.52

556.80

9.19

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated.
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

3.5
1.4
3.8
3.8
2.4
5.5
1.9
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.4
4.9

3.2
1.2
3.7
3.1
2.5
3.8
1.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.2
2.8
4.5

3.0
1.0
3.2
3.7
2.3
5.2
1.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
4.1
2.5
4.3

3.3
1.1
3.6
4.0
2.3
5.9
1.9
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
2.5
4.6

43.3
43.7
43.4
42.9
43.9
41.9
42.5
42.5
41.6
42.9
42.8
40.2
42.3
46.6
46.1
46.9
44.4
42.9

43.0

4.5
4.3
4.2
4.9
5.7
3.9
4.1
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.0
2.3
3.8
5.8
5.5
5.9
5.4
4.7

4.5
4.6
4.3
5.2
6.3
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.1
5.3
3.1
1.7
3.3
6.0
5.7
6.2
5.9
4.4

4.6
4.7
4.5
5.4
6.0
4.6
4.0
3.9
3.8
5.6
4.4
2.4
3.9
5.4
6.6
5.2
5.5
4.4

4.9
4.9
4.8
5.4
6.1
4.4
4.1
4.2
4.1
5.8
4.7
2.6
4.2
6.6
7.3
6.5
5.7
4.4

43.6
43.0
47.1

44.7
44.2
47.4

44.8

6.6
5.8
10.0

6.4
6.1
7.8

6.1
5.4
9.3

6.8
6.3
9.5

41.3
43.7
42.7
42.4
42.3
41.0
40.9

41.2
42.0
43.2
41.5
42.5
40.8
41.1

41.5
41.5
41.1
42.2
42.4
40.9
41.5

41.4

4.1
5.3
3.8
4.0
4.2
3.5
4.0

3.8
5.5
3.4
3.7
4.0
3.1
3.7

3.9
5.0
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.1
3.9

4.1
4.4
3.5
4.0
3.3
3.5
4.2

37.5
42.1
36.2
35.9
36.4
40.4
38.0

37.3
41.4
35.9
36.0
35.3
42.1
38.1

37.8
41.8
36.7
37.0
36.0
41.1
37.9

37.9
43.8
36.3
36.4
35.5
40.5
38.3

37.0

2.1
4.6
1.4
1.2
1.6
2.7
2.3

2.0
3.5
1.3
1.0
1.2
3.1
2.5

2.1
4.3
1.6
1.9
1.4
3.1
1.6

2.4
5.7
1.7
1.8
1.5
2.9
1.7

39.2

38.7

38.9

39.0

38.7

44.3

44.0

45.3

44.4

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.5
33.2
38.8
39.4
39.2
39.6
36.2
40.1
39.8
40.2
41.5
38.7
40.0

38.0
32.9
38.6
38.3
38.3
38.2
36.2
39.7
39.3
40.2
41.4
38.3
39.2

38.0
32.8
38.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
36.4
39.6
39.5
39.4
41.6
38.0
39.4

38.2
32.7
38.3
40.1
39.3
41.0
35.9
39.9
39.4
40.0
41.1
38.1
39.6

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations.
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

42.7
43.0
42.5
42.7
44.1
41.4
41.9
42.1
40.9
41.8
41.9
39.9
42.3
45.3
43.7
45.8
44.4
42.3

42.5
43.4
42.9
42.6
44.4
41.0
41.5
41.5
40.3
42.3
40.6
39.0
41.9
45.1
43.5
45.6
44.3
42.3

42.7
43.2
43.2
42.5
43.5
41.6
42.4
42.4
41.3
42.2
42.4
40.0
41.9
44.9
45.0
44.9
43.8
42.3

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

45.3
44.8
48.1

43.8
44.0
44.2

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting .
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.6
43.6
41.5
42.5
42.4
41.5
41.3

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317




Sept.
1991P

37.9

43.8
45.0
43.5
42.4
42.1
42.0
41.6
41.8

94

Aug.
1991

5.5
6.5
4.3
4.9
4.5
4.0
4.7
3.8

43.3
44.2
44.0
41.9
42.1
42.6
41.2
41.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Oct.
1990

5.3
6.0
4.6
4.5
4.3
3.6
4.6
3.6

42.9
43.8
43.7
42.0
42.1
42.6
41.8
41.6

4011

Sept.
1990

4.9
5.6
4.4
4.6
4.3
3.4
4.9
3.8

43.4
44.3
43.9
42.3
42.4
43.0
41.9
41.5

Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

Oct.
1991P

5.5
6.4
4.7
5.1
4.5
4.1
5.4
3.9

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Transportation and public utilities .

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Oct.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

$10.54 $10.46 $10.84 $10.83
10.70
10.59 10.95 10.95
10.24
10.37 10.69 10.72
10.80
10.72 11.16 11.18
10.87
10.87 11.11 11.17
12.25
12.38 12.40 12.73
10.19
10.26 10.44 10.51
10.28
10.24 10.50 10.62

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

$457.44
474.01
449.54
456.84
460.89
526.75
426.96
426.62

$448.73
463.84
453.17
450.24
457.63
527.39
428.87
425.98

$469.37
483.99
470.36
467.60
467.73
528.24
430.13
436.80

$474.35
492.75
466.32
474.03
470.26
534.66
437.22
443.92

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

11.40
11.22
12.04
10.48
10.38
10.59
10.27
11.72
11.83
11.44
11.82
9.00
13.89

11.36
11.20
11.95
10.56
10.53
10.60
10.32
11.63
11.74
11.32
11.69
8.94
13.89

11.56
11.46
12.53
10.54
10.19
10.96
10.60
11.83
11.84
11.74
12.14
9.02
13.86

11.67 $11.63 438.90
11.55
372.50
12.60
467.15
10.66
412.91
10.36
406.90
11.00
419.36
10.71
371.77
11.96
469.97
12.00
470.83
11.82
459.89
12.11
490.53
9.15
348.30
13.94
555.60

431.68
368.48
461.27
404.45
403.30
404.92
373.58
461.71
461.38
455.06
483.97
342.40
544.49

439.28
375.89
481.15
417.38
404.54
432.92
385.84
468.47
467.68
462.56
505.02
342.76
546.08

445.79 $440.78
377.69
482.58
427.47
407.15
451.00
384.49
477.20
472.80
472.80
497.72
348.62
552.02

13.74
14.91
15.08
14.13
15.04
13.25
13.17
13.13
11.89
15.80
10.37
10.16
12.06
16.12
15.80
16.36
14.30
12.43

14.06
15.19
15.44
14.88
15.44
14.21
13.55
13.56
11.94
15.32
10.68
10.45
12.56
16.53
16.03
16.81
14.30
12.68

14.22
15.41
15.69
15.02
15.57
14.31
13.77
13.83
12.06
15.50
10.87
10.47
12.70
16.76
15.99
17.10
14.41
12.65

14.34 582.43
638.98
640.90
601.64
654.89
550.62
543.44
544.35
480.17
655.42
439.53
399.40
513.10
724.80
697.02
741.04
621.60
527.90

583.95
647.09
646.93
601.94
667.78
543.25
546.56
544.90
479.17
668.34
421.02
396.24
505.31
727.01
687.30
746.02
633.49
525.79

600.36
656.21
667.01
632.40
671.64
591.14
574.52
574.94
493.12
646.50
452.83
418.00
526.26
742.20
721.35
754.77
626.34
536.36

615.73
673.42
680.95
644.36
683.52
599.59
585.23
587.78
501.70
664.95
465.24
420.89
537.21
781.02
737.14
801.99
639.80
542.69

616.62

286
2865
2869
287
289

13.64
14.86
15.08
14.09
14.85
13.30
12.97
12.93
11.74
15.68
10.49
10.01
12.13
16.00
15.95
16.18
14.00
12.48

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

16.40
17.81
13.41

16.40
17.76
13.38

16.80
18.34
13.03

17.15
18.72
13.27

17.08 742.92

718.32
781.44
591.40

732.48
788.62
613.71

766.61
827.42
629.00

765.18

797.89
645.02

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

9.87
15.56
6.86
9.77
9.95
9.42
9.24

9.87
15.88
6.64
9.68
9.96
9.40
9.21

10.11

10.17
16.02
7.21
10.08
10.25

9.69
9.56

407.63
693.96
283.53
410.43
421.31
385.40
376.69

416.53
680.40
292.90
418.32
438.60
390.86
388.81

422.06
664.83
296.33
425.38
434.60
396.32
396.74

421.87

9.46

10.19 410.59
678.42
284.69
415.23
421.88
390.93
381.61

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311

6.95
9.18
6.67
7.30
6.15
6.97
6.06

6.96
9.09
6.70
7.21
6.17
6.95
6.09

7.10
9.48
6.71
7.27
6.30
6.93
6.32

7.18
9.62
6.78
7.37
6.32
6.75
6.40

7.20 260.63
386.48
241.45
262.07
223.86
281.59
230.28

259.61
376.33
240.53
259.56
217.80
292.60
232.03

268.38
396.26
246.26
268.99
226.80
284.82
239.53

272.12
421.36
246.11
268.27
224.36
273.38
245.12

266.40

13.08

13.08

13.26

13.31

13.31 512.74

506.20

515.81

519.09

515.10

16.08

15.77

16.06

16.12

712.34

693.88

727.52

715.73

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282

2759
276
278

279

2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285

314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

16.20
6.78
10.08
10.32

9.58

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

1987
SIC
Code

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

411
413

32.7
38.0
39.7

32.7
37.9
40.4

34.7
37.5
38.9

32.8
37.4
38.6

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.2
39.2
39.4

38.6
38.5
40.1

38.9
38.9
39.7

39.0
38.9
40.1

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

42.9

40.6

41.7

42.5

472
4724
473

36.3
36.3
38.2

35.8
36.0
37.5

35.8
35.8
36.7

36.5
36.4
37.4

Communications
Telephone communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
483
484

39.9
41.4
35.4
38.7

39.1
40.6
34.4
38.3

39.4
41.0
34.5
38.5

39.7
41.1
35.4
39.0

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

41.9
42.0
42.5
41.5
42.2

41.4
41.6
42.4
40.0
42.1

41.4
41.2
42.0
41.3
42.2

41.8
41.8
42.4
41.6
42.0

38.3

38.1

38.2

38.4

38.5
37.8
37.1
39.8
38.8
39.9
38.4
38.9
38.9
37.2

38.8
38.1
36.8
40.5
39.0
40.2
38.7
38.7
39.2
37.0

38.9
37.9
36.7
40.6
39.1
40.6
39.1
38.8
39.4
37.1

Transportation services:
Passenger transportation arrangement

Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

41

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
509

38.8
38.0
37.6
40.1
39.0
40.4
38.8
38.9
39.2
37.3

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

37.5
37.5
37.1
36.7
38.3
40.1
38.7
36.7
36.4

37.4
37.4
37.0
36.9
38.0
39.6
38.0
36.4
36.6

37.6
37.2
37.6
37.0
38.3
40.2
38.0
37.0
36.8

37.8
37.5
37.6
37.1
38.6
40.1
38.4
36.7
36.8

28.9

28.4

29.3

28.8

508

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.5
38.3
32.3

35.7
37.6
31.7

36.5
38.5
32.9

36.2
38.3
32.2

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

28.2
28.1
28.1
29.3

27.9
27.8
27.8
28.8

29.0
28.9
28.0
29.8

28.7
28.7
27.4
29.6

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.8
30.0
28.8

29.2
29.4
28.6

30.0
30.1
29.1

29.7
29.8
28.7

See footnotes at end of table.

96



Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Oct.
1991P

38.2

28.4

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

41
411
413

$9.23
9.90
11.80

$9.27
9.94
11.88

$9.60
10.09
12.81

$9.48
10.18
12.77

$301.82 $303.13 $333.12 $310.94
376.20 376.73 378.38 380.73
468.46 479.95 498.31 492.92

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

11.81
11.97
9.58

11.76
11.94
9.48

11.90
12.05
9.84

11.99
12.16
9.73

462.95
469.22
377.45

453.94
459.69
380.15

462.91
468.75
390.65

467.61
473.02
390.17

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

17.18

17.17

17.15

17.69

737.02

697.10

715.16

751.83

Transportation services:
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

472
4724
473

9.19
9.32
12.26

9.18
9.30
12.22

9.57
9.69
12.22

9.65
9.77
12.36

333.60
338.32
468.33

328.64
334.80
458.25

342.61
346.90
448.47

352.23
355.63
462.26

Communications
Telephone communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
483
484

13.67
14.33
12.79
10.60

13.66
14.27
12.97
10.69

14.10
14.82
13.34
10.74

14.18
14.90
13.45
10.85

545.43
593.26
452.77
410.22

534.11
579.36
446.17
409.43

555.54
607.62
460.23
413.49

562.95
612.39
476.13
423.15

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

15.42
15.95
14.50
17.99
11.67

15.62
16.02
14.57
18.94
11.60

15.61
16.22
14.74
18.38
11.67

15.89
16.50
15.14
18.65
11.90

646.10
669.90
616.25
746.59
492.47

646.67
666.43
617.77
757.60
488.36

646.25
668.26
619.08
759.09
492.47

664.20
689.70
641.94
775.84
499.80

10.93

10.86

11.14

11.24 $11.17 418.62

413.77

425.55

431.62

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment..
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

11.32
10.12
10.26
10.67
13.31
11.37
11.65
10.74
11.28
8.97

11.26
10.10
10.15
10.60
13.38
11.35
11.43
10.64
11.19
8.93

11.50
10.29
10.16
10.78
13.68
11.69
11.71
10.88
11.45
8.96

11.64
10.41
10.24
10.83
13.85
11.73
11.94
11.10
11.56
8.95

439.22
384.56
385.78
427.87
519.09
459.35
452.02
417.79
442.18
334.58

433.51
381.78
376.57
421.88
519.14
452.87
438.91
413.90
435.29
332.20

446.20
392.05
373.89
436.59
533.52
469.94
453.18
421.06
448.84
331.52

452.80
394.54
375.81
439.70
541.54
476.24
466.85
430.68
455.46
332.05

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

10.38
11.13
12.16
10.03
10.47
12.65
10.23
12.11
8.75

10.30
10.97
11.87
9.97
10.47
12.47
10.13
12.15
8.72

10.63
11.17
12.49
10.37
10.73
12.74
10.27
12.66
9.05

10.71
11.35
12.75
10.46
10.76
12.85
10.47
12.70
9.08

389.25
417.38
451.14
368.10
401.00
507.27
395.90
444.44
318.50

385.22
410.28
439.19
367.89
397.86
493.81
384.94
442.26
319.15

399.69
415.52
469.62
383.69
410.96
512.15
390.26
468.42
333.04

404.84
425.63
479.40
388.07
415.34
515.29
402.05
466.09
334.14

6.83

6.83

6.97

7.07

197.39

193.97

204.22

203.62

294.56
322.49
218.99

288.81
317.34
216.51

296.02
324.94
228.00

297.93
327.47
227.98

Retail trade

7.07

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

8.07
8.42
6.78

8.09
8.44
6.83

8.11
8.44
6.93

8.23
8.55
7.08

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.88
7.01
5.59
6.46

6.85
6.98
5.58
6.48

7.06
7.17
5.77
6.98

7.12
7.23
5.81
7.01

194.02
196.98
157.08
189.28

191.12
194.04
155.12
186.62

204.74
207.21
161.56
208.00

204.34
207.50
159.19
207.50

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.41
7.49
6.35

7.42
7.50
6.39

7.56
7.65
6.52

7.67
7.77
6.59

220.82
224.70
182.88

216.66
220.50
182.75

226.80
230.27
189.73

227.80
231.55
189.13

Oct.
1991 P

$426.69

200.79

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

1987
SIC
Code

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

55
551
553
554
559

36.3
37.2
38.5
33.9
34.9

35.9
37.1
37.9
33.5
35.1

36.2
37.4
38.7
33.7
34.6

36.0
37.3
38.4
33.3
35.5

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores .
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.1
27.8
24.3
27.5
30.6

26.6
27.3
23.7
27.0
30.1

27.8
29.3
24.9
28.2
31.8

27.0
28.9
24.4
27.5
30.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ....
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ....

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

33.1
33.5
33.4
32.4
32.1
26.7

32.6
33.1
33.3
31.8
31.5
26.3

33.3
33.6
34.7
32.5
31.9
27.0

33.3
33.5
34.7
32.5
31.8
26.2

Eating and drinking places4 .

58

25.3

24.7

25.9

25.0

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
594
596
598
599

29.5
27.5
28.2
32.6
36.9
31.2

29.2
27.3
27.8
32.2
37.3
31.0

30.1
28.3
29.1
33.3
37.6
31.4

29.6
27.6
28.1
34.0
37.7
30.9

36.1

35.5

35.7

36.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions .
Commercial banks ....
Credit unions

60
602
606

35.9
35.9
35.8

35.2
35.0
35.3

35.4
35.2
35.7

35.8
35.7
35.7

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions.

61
614

38.2
38.2

37.3
37.5

37.5
37.9

38.3
38.2

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.5

37.1

36.7

37.0

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ...

63
631
632
633

37.7
37.3
38.4
37.5

37.3
36.8
38.2
37.2

37.4
36.6
38.1
37.5

37.7
37.1
37.9
37.9

32.7

32.4

32.7

32.6

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

31.3

30.9

31.4

31.1

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

33.9
29.4
25.3

34.0
29.2
25.3

34.1
29.4
25.7

33.9
29.2
24.3

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings.

73
731
734

33.1
36.5
28.5

33.0
36.1
28.6

33.2
36.3
28.6

33.2
36.4
28.4

7363
737
7371
738
7381

30.6
38.3
39.0
34.5
34.0

30.7
37.8
38.6
34.2
33.6

30.9
38.0
38.2
34.2
34.0

30.8
38.4
38.6
34.3
33.7

Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
See footnotes at end of table.

98



Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1991P

35.5

32.4

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations ...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

55
551
553
554
559

$9.09
11.38
7.87
6.24
10.95

$8.94
11.03
7.85
6.25
10.77

$9.12
11.29
8.08
6.41
10.31

$9.21
11.41
8.11
6.44
10.50

$329.97
423.34
303.00
211.54
382.16

$320.95
409.21
297.52
209.38
378.03

$330.14
422.25
312.70
216.02
356.73

$331.56
425.59
311.42
214.45
372.75

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

6.33
7.68
6.12
6.27
6.15

6.36
7.68
6.15
6.29
6.17

6.69
8.02
6.32
6.47
6.99

6.75
8.09
6.41
6.57
7.01

171.54
213.50
148.72
172.43
188.19

169.18
209.66
145.76
169.83
185.72

185.98
234.99
157.37
182.45
222.28

182.25
233.80
156.40
180.68
212.40

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

8.68
8.52
8.96
8.86
8.88
5.32

8.57
8.45
8.80
8.71
8.67
5.36

9.00
8.69
9.46
9.39
9.24
5.80

9.05
8.71
9.51
9.49
9.32
5.68

287.31
285.42
299.26
287.06
285.05
142.04

279.38
279.70
293.04
276.98
273.11
140.97

299.70
291.98
328.26
305.18
294.76
156.60

301.37
291.79
330.00
308.43
296.38
148.82

Eating and drinking places4

58

5.02

5.05

5.20

5.24

127.01

124.74

134.68

131.00

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
594
596
598
599

7.21
6.91
6.75
7.94
9.85
7.50

7.20
6.96
6.74
7.84
9.96
7.47

7.43
7.25
6.95
8.28
10.12
7.69

7.53
7.39
7.08
8.22
10.27
7.76

212.70
190.03
190.35
258.84
363.47
234.00

210.24
190.01
187.37
252.45
371.51
231.57

223.64
205.18
202.25
275.72
380.51
241.47

222.89
203.96
198.95
279.48
387.18
239.78

10.10

10.08

10.37

10.52 $10.48 364.61

357.84

370.21

379.77

Finance, insurance, and real estate6
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Credit unions

60
602
606

8.55
8.20
8.23

8.49
8.14
8.15

8.78
8.42
8.45

8.86
8.48
8.61

306.95
294.38
294.63

298.85
284.90
287.70

310.81
296.38
301.67

317.19
302.74
307.38

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

10.58
9.32

10.52
9.38

10.83
9.51

11.03
9.72

404.16
356.02

392.40
351.75

406.13
360.43

422.45
371.30

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

13.44

13.45

14.39

14.56

504.00

499.00

528.11

538.72

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

11.32
10.46
10.87
12.15

11.30
10.45
10.77
12.15

11.77
10.78
11.18
12.68

11.91
10.88
11.37
12.77

426.76
390.16
417.41
455.63

421.49
384.56
411.41
451.98

440.20
394.55
425.96
475.50

449.01
403.65
430.92
483.98

9.95

9.96

10.15

10.34

10.33 325.37

322.70

331.91

337.08

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

7.06

7.08

7.05

7.23

220.98

218.77

221.37

224.85

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

6.90
7.12
7.51

6.91
7.05
7.55

7.07
7.35
7.79

7.11
7.30
7.80

233.91
209.33
190.00

234.94
205.86
191.02

241.09
216.09
200.20

241.03
213.16
189.54

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings

73
731
734

9.57
13.82
7.23

9.51
13.57
7.18

9.74
13.78
7.30

9.81
14.30
7.37

316.77
504.43
206.06

313.83
489.88
205.35

323.37
500.21
208.78

325.69
520.52
209.31

7363
737
7371
738
7381

8.03
15.37
17.63
8.09
6.36

8.04
15.29
17.53
8.06
6.34

8.24
15.45
17.68
8.22
6.48

8.16
15.63
17.93
8.29
6.59

245.72
588.67
687.57
279.11
216.24

246.83
577.96
676.66
275.65
213.02

254.62
587.10
675.38
281.12
220.32

251.33
600.19
692.10
284.35
222.08

Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services

Oct.
1991P

$372.04

334.69

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive repair shops

1987
SIC
Code

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

75
753

36.8
38.5

36.5
38.1

37.1
38.6

36.7
38.3

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.2

38.2

38.2

38.5

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services

78
781

27.6
35.8

27.1
35.2

28.6
37.1

27.8
36.8

Amusement and recreation services
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
799
7991
7997

26.4
25.9
18.3
29.3

26.3
25.5
17.8
28.6

28.3
28.6
19.1
29.6

26.2
25.9
18.4
29.2

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
808

32.7
32.0
28.6
30.2
32.7
31.6
34.2
25.8

32.4
31.5
28.3
29.7
32.0
31.0
34.0
25.3

32.7
32.1
28.3
29.5
32.1
31.5
34.5
26.2

32.8
32.4
28.4
29.9
32.7
31.9
34.2
26.7

Legal services

81

35.3

34.6

34.8

35.2

Social services:
Child day care services

835

29.6

29.9

30.1

29.8

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Management and public relations

87
871
8711
8712
872
873
874

37.4
39.4
39.8
38.0
37.4
36.4
35.7

37.0
39.1
39.5
37.7
37.0
36.0
34.9

37.3
38.9
39.2
37.8
37.6
36.6
35.5

37.4
39.3
39.5
38.5
37.6
36.5
35.4

Services, nee

89

36.8

36.3

36.4

36.8

See footnotes at end of table.

100



Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991 P

Oct.
1991 P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive repair shops

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Oct.
1990

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

75
753

$8.87
9.73

$8.86
9.73

$9.04
9.88

$9.06
9.85

$326.42 $323.39 $335.38 $332.50
374.61 370.71 381.37 377.26

Miscellaneous repair services

76

10.43

10.43

10.61

10.68

398.43

398.43

405.30

411.18

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services

78
781

11.28
17.36

11.72
17.92

11.81
18.42

12.29
18.66

311.33
621.49

317.61
630.78

337.77
683.38

341.66
686.69

Amusement and recreation services
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
799
7991
7997

8.17
7.37
7.79
7.41

8.29
7.46
7.87
7.52

7.24
6.90
7.69
7.22

7.98
7.45
7.82
7.56

215.69
190.88
142.56
217.11

218.03
190.23
140.09
215.07

204.89
197.34
146.88
213.71

209.08
192.96
143.89
220.75

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
808

10.54
10.79
10.29
9.23
7.32
6.69
11.95
8.79

10.57
10.82
10.32
9.14
7.37
6.73
11.97
8.84

11.04
11.19
10.63
9.47
7.57
6.98
12.63
9.42

11.11
11.31
10.70
9.58
7.63
7.05
12.73
9.52

344.66
345.28
294.29
278.75
239.36
211.40
408.69
226.78

342.47
340.83
292.06
271.46
235.84
208.63
406.98
223.65

361.01
359.20
300.83
279.37
243.00
219.87
435.74
246.80

364.41
366.44
303.88
286.44
249.50
224.90
435.37
254.18

Legal services

81

14.40

14.27

14.60

14.84

508.32

493.74

508.08

522.37

Social services:
Child day care services

835

6.15

6.10

6.12

6.40

182.04

182.39

184.21

190.72

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Management and public relations

87
871
8711
8712
872
873
874

13.83
15.00
15.54
13.98
12.54
14.34
12.67

13.73
14.96
15.50
13.87
12.39
14.30
12.48

14.06
15.48
16.03
14.46
12.39
14.72
12.77

14.39
15.80
16.37
14.72
12.87
14.96
13.07

517.24
591.00
618.49
531.24
469.00
521.98
452.32

508.01
584.94
612.25
522.90
458.43
514.80
435.55

524.44
602.17
628.38
546.59
465.86
538.75
453.34

538.19
620.94
646.62
566.72
483.91
546.04
462.68

Services, nee

89

14.31

14.17

14.82

15.53

526.61

514.37

539.45

571.50

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.




Oct.
1991P

4

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1990 forward are subject to
revision.
5

101

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earning series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to
escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace
companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's
series by definition take account of traditional wage rate
changes, they do not capture "lump-sum payments to
workers in lieu of general wage increases'9 which were
negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace

industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earnings
series for SIC 3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum
payments. These series, beginning in October 1983, the
effective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreement
using lump-sum payments, were published in the June
1988 issue ofEmployment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the
average hourly earnings series produced as part of the
Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation
of the methodology used to derive these series appears in
the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Aug.
1990

Sept
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept
1991P

Aug.
1990

Sept
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept
1991P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$15.66

$15.76

$16.88

$16.87

$14.97

$15.14

$15.26

$15.33

Average hourly earnings,
including tump-sum payments

16.38

16.48

17.34

17.31

15.41

15.53

15.56

15.59

= preliminary.

102




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct
1991P

$10.41

$10.46

$10.67

$10.74

$10.75

10.94
8.79
8.32
10.57
12.28
10.44
11.37
9.98
13.56
11.02
8.31

10.99
8.77
8.34
10.57
12.34
10.48
11.36
10.05
13.70
11.06

11.25

11.33

11.33

8.96
8.50

8.99
8.53

8.29

10.76
12.67
10.73
11.63
10.35
14.13
11.26
8.55

10.76
12.75
10.78
11.68
10.40
14.29
11.30
8.56

9.69

9.74
9.02

9.92
9.23

9.97
9.27

15.31
7.76
6.50
11.75
10.90
13.04
15.29

16.22

15.74

7.90
6.63
12.00

7.96
6.67

9.44
6.78

9.66

8.94

15.30
7.72
6.52
11.71
10.91
12.95
15.28
9.41
6.77

11.12
13.34
15.70
6.91

$10.01

12.03
11.19
13.46
15.93

9.69
6.96

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1990 forward are
subject to revision.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$10.15
7.50

$10.14
7.45

$10.31
7.42

$10.46
7.50

$10.45

$353.22 $347.80 $357.76 $362.96 $359.48
261.06 255.55 257.57 260.19

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.86
10.24

13.73
10.09

14.16
10.19

14.36
10.29

$14.19

625.09
462.00

612.36
449.93

630.12
453.65

643.33
461.17

$632.87

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.97
10.33

13.97
10.26

14.03
10.10

14.14
10.14

$14.14

546.23
403.72

530.86
390.05

542.96
390.90

551.46
395.31

$554.29

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

10.93
8.08

10.94
8.04

11.17
8.04

11.28
8.09

$11.27

451.41
333.64

447.45
328.77

456.85
328.91

466.99
334.76

$463.20

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.08
9.67

13.08
9.61

13.26
9.55

13.31
9.54

$13.31

512.74
378.97

506.20
371.93

515.81
371.35

519.09
372.11

$515.10

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

10.93
8.08

10.86
7.98

11.14
8.02

11.24
8.06

$11.17

418.62
309.40

413.77
304.02

425.55
306.37

431.62
309.41

$426.69

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

6.83
5.05

6.83
5.02

6.97
5.02

7.07
5.07

$7.07

197.39
145.89

193.97
142.52

204.22
147.03

203.62
145.96

$200.79

10.10
7.46

10.08
7.41

10.37
7.47

10.52
7.54

$10.48

364.61
269.48

357.84
262.92

370.21
266.53

379.77
272.24

$372.04

9.95
7.35

9.96
7.32

10.15
7.31

10.34
7.41

$10.33

325.37
240.48

322.70
237.11

331.91
238.96

337.08
241.63

$334.69

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

104



0
0

Sept.
1990

Oct.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oct.
1991P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1990 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1990

1991

Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

34.2

34.4

34.6

34.1

34.3

34.2

34.0

34.3

34.6

34.1

34.3

34.5

34.3

Mining

44.0

44.9

44.8

44.4

44.9

44.6

44.3

44.9

45.0

43.9

44.5

44.1

44.1

Construction

0

Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

40.7
3.6
41.3
3.6
39.8
38.6
41.2
42.9
43.7
41.2
42.1
40.7
42.5
42.6
41.0
39.8

40.6
3.5
41.1
3.5
39.5
38.5
41.8
42.7
43.6
40.8
41.8
40.7
41.1
41.0
41.0
39.6

40.7
3.5
41.2
3.6
40.0
38.8
42.0
42.3
43.2
41.1
42.1
40.7
41.5
41.5
41.2
39.3

40.4
3.4
40.8
3.3
39.4
38.5
41.0
42.0
42.6
40.6
41.6
40.3
41.5
41.4
40.8
39.0

40.3
3.3
40.7
3.2
39.3
37.5
41.7
41.5
41.5
40.7
41.5
40.5
41.0
40.9
41.0
39.3

40.3
3.3
40.6
3.2
39.2
38.2
41.3
41.4
41.8
40.6
41.5
40.2
40.8
40.5
40.9
39.3

40.2
3.3
40.7
3.3
39.2
38.9
41.3
41.4
41.3
40.7
41.3
40.6
41.0
41.3
40.8
39.2

40.4
3.4
40.8
3.3
39.7
38.9
41.5
41.6
41.8
40.8
41.2
40.6
41.2
41.5
40.8
39.3

40.8
3.7
41.3
3.7
40.6
39.3
42.0
42.3
42.6
41.2
41.8
40.7
42.1
42.9
41.0
39.7

40.7
3.7
41.2
3.7
40.0
39.2
41.9
42.6
43.1
41.3
41.6
40.7
42.3
43.6
40.6
39.6

41.0
3.8
41.4
3.8
40.2
39.1
41.6
43.0
43.9
41.6
42.0
40.8
42.4
43.3
41.0
40.1

41.0
3.7
41.5
3.7
40.4
39.2
42.0
42.8
43.7
41.7
42.1
40.8
42.3
43.0
41.3
40.2

40.9
3.7
41.4
3.7
39.9
39.1
41.8
42.9
44.1
41.7
41.9
40.5
42.6
43.4
41.1
39.9

40.0
3.6
40.6
(2)
39.8
36.4
43.5
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.1
37.1

39.9
3.6
40.7
(2)
39.3
36.3
43.5
37.8
42.6
(2)
40.8
36.8

40.0
3.6
40.9
(2)
39.4
36.6
43.5
37.8
42.9
(2)
41.0

39.9
3.4
40.7
(2)
39.4
36.3
43.0
37.7
42.6
(2)
40.8

39.8
3.4
40.6
(2)
39.2
36.5
43.0
37.6
42.4
(2)
40.6

39.9
3.4
40.6
(2)
39.4
36.6
43.2
37.6
42.7
(2)
40.6

39.7
3.4
40.3
(2)
39.6
36.4
42.9
37.5
42.4
(2)
40.7

40.1
3.7
40.4
(2)
40.8
36.9
43.2
37.8
42.8
(2)
41.1

40.1
3.7
40.4
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.5
37.6
42.6
(2)
41.1

40.4
3.8
40.5
(2)
41.4
37.3
43.5
37.8
43.2
(2)
41.4

40.4
3.8
40.6
(2)
41.3
37.4
43.4
37.7
43.3
(2)
41.2

40.3
3.8
40.6
(2)
41.1
37.5
43.3
37.8
43.1
(2)
41.2

37.3

36.9

37.2

37.1

37.1

39.9
3.5
40.3
(2)
40.2
36.7
43.0
37.5
42.5
(2)
40.9
37.2

37.6

37.7

37.3

37.7

36.9

Transportation and public utilities

38.5

38.7

38.9

38.4

38.7

38.8

38.5

Wholesale trade

37.9

38.0

38.4

37.9

38.2

38.2

38.1

Retail trade

28.4

28.7

28.9

28.4

28.6

28.8

28.4

32.4

32.6

32.4

Total private

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

0

38.8
39.0

38.7

38.6

38.6

38.4
38.2

38.3

37.9

37.9

38.1

37.9
28.7

28.7

28.3

28.6

28.6

28.4

32.8

32.2

32.5

32.4

32.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
1

0
32.3

32.5

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




32.5

32.7

32.2

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1987 forward are
subject to revision.

105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours off production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonffarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)

1990

1991

Industry
Sept p

Oct p

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Total private

122.6

122.9

123.3

121.3

121.5

120.9

120.0

121.2

122.1

120.7

121.5

122.2

121.4

Goods-producing

107.7

106.8

106.7

104.4

104.0

102.7

102.5

103.2

103.8

103.8

104.4

104.5

104.2

64.4

65.3

65.3

64.9

65.4

65.0

64.3

64.4

64.2

62.5

62.2

60.9

60.8

Construction

130.9

132.9

132.6

125.0

126.9

123.2

122.7

124.4

124.4

123.8

123.3

124.9

124.6

Manufacturing

105.6

104.0

103.9

102.7

101.6

100.9

100.7

101.2

102.0

102.3

103.2

103.0

102.8

104.2
126.3
120.8
106.4
92.6
83.3
106.6
96.6
104.7
118.3
128.4
85.5
101.3

102.1
123.6
118.0
106.4
91.4
83.1
104.4
95.2
103.7
111.8
110.3
85.2
100.2

102.0
123.5
117.4

100.4

97.8
117.0

106.2
90.3

102.1

98.8
118.6
111.7
102.4

97.9
117.4
115.3
100.1

81.8

79.1
103.2
93.8
101.5
111.2
114.8
84.8
98.0

98.4
119.7
115.6
100.4
85.8
74.7
100.4

100.1
122.3
116.8
102.4
87.9
77.7
103.2

106.7
111.2

Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
.
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

104.6
95.3
103.1
112.5
115.8
85.4

99.4

120.5

115.9
89.0




100.8
93.0
101.1
108.0

99.9
85.7
74.7

99.9
92.5

108.7

99.7
106.3
108.1

84.8

84.8

85.4
74.1

100.0
91.3
100.7
107.3
113.0

98.0

96.9

83.9
96.3

110.8
71.8

105.5
111.0
70.7

105.2
111.0
67.2

104.5
109.6
66.2

93.7
89.9
109.9
125.1

92.3
90.3
109.9
124.4

92.3
90.5

102.8

85.9
121.6

109.7
123.5
103.1
86.3
119.7

93.0
89.8
108.6
122.8

90.5
101.1
109.5
118.6
83.4

96.2

99.6
121.3

100.3
122.1

115.5

116.5

101.6
87.8

101.6
88.8
78.0
102.9
91.3
101.5
114.7
128.6
82.6

98.4

99.2

91.4
100.9
113.6
126.6
82.6
99.5

105.8
110.4
68.8

106.0
109.0
69.7
98.0
94.2

107.2
111.4
74.5

107.0
111.1
68.8

107.2
111.0
66.9

98.7
94.5

98.5
94.9

98.5

110.5
122.9
102.9
86.4
124.1

110.2
122.8

109.8

86.2
122.1

109.7
122.6
100.9
85.4
122.5

76.2
102.1

90.3
101.4
113.9

128.6
82.3

99.6
121.2
116.2
102.1

87.6
77.6
102.8
90.9
100.0
113.4
126.3
82.1

99.9

107.6

106.7

110.4
70.0

110.3
70.7

95.9
92.3
127.4

95.0
91.0
110.5
126.4

126.0

104.4

104.1

104.2

86.0

90.3

85.6

128.0

125.1

124.8

103.4
84.5
123.4

119.6

108.8
122.1
101.6
88.4
121.1

123.9

103.7
86.9
124.2

60.0

58.5

58.3

57.4

57.0

55.9

55.3

55.4

56.0

57.3

56.1

56.8

55.0

129.3

130.1

130.7

128.9

129.4

129.0

127.9

129.3

130.3

128.2

129.2

130.2

129.0

114.3

115.2

116.1

115.3

114.3

114.1

113.3

114.7

114.8

113.5

114.5

115.0

114.2

115.7

115.8

115.8

114.7

114.2

114.3

113.4

114.2

114.5

112.9

113.4

113.5

113.1

121.7

122.7

122.3

120.3

121.1

120.6

119.3

120.6

121.5

119.3

120.1

120.9

118.8

119.4

120.2

121.6

120.4

120.2

119.9

118.3

119.7

121.3

117.9

119.0

120.4

118.1

146.1

146.7

148.1

145.8

146.9

146.5

145.4

147.1

148.5

146.4

147.8

149.1

148.7

111.1

70.9
94.2
91.3
110.2

105.9

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

106

86.6
74.7

112.6

99.4
122.4
117.1
101.6
86.7
75.7
101.6
91.2
101.3
111.0
121.8
83.3
97.1

102.4
87.0

105.2
110.0

69.3
95.2
91.2

96.8
92.1
108.9
122.7

101.9

102.6
86.5

95.5
122.7

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1990 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1987 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-7. Average hourly and \
nings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls, seasonally ad)usted
1990

1991

Industry
Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept p

Oct.1

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current doHars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Transportation and public utiSties .
wnowsaie iraoe
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)3

$10.10 $10.13 $10.17 $10.18 $10.20 $10.24 $10.28 $10.32 $10.37 $10.36 $10.40 $10.42 $10.41
13.83
13.86
10.96
10.50
13.05
10.88
6.82
10.09
9.92

13.88
13.85
10.96
10.50
13.07
10.93
6.83
10.12
9.98

13.89
13.87
10.99
10.54
13.11
11.00
6.84
10.22
10.03

14.04
13.95
11.02
10.58
13.15
11.00
6.86
10.17
10.03

13.99
13.97
11.03
10.59
13.13
11.05
6.87
10.22
10.07

14.03
13.97
11.05
10.61
13.16
11.07
6.90
10.32
10.13

14.05
14.05
11.12
10.65
13.19
11.08
6.97
10.28
10.16

14.13
14.00
11.15
10.70
13.24
11.12
6.98
10.35
10.24

14.30
13.98
11.19
10.71
13.23
11.23
7.01
10.50
10.29

14.24
14.01
11.22
10.74
13.26
11.14
7.03
10.40
10.25

14.27
14.07
11.25
10.76
13.30
11.22
7.04
10.47
10.30

14.35
14.03
11.26
10.77
13.26
11.23
7.05
10.54
10.33

7.43

7.43

7.44

7.42

7.43

7.46

7.47

7.47

7.49

7.47

7.49

7.48

14.29
14.03
11.28
10.78
13.27
11.19
7.06
10.48
10.29

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1982) dollars3

345.42 348-47 351.88 347.14 349.86 350.21 349.52 353.98 358.80 353.28 356.72 359.49 357.06
254.17 255.66 257.41 253.02 254.81 255.07 253.83 256.32 259.25 254.89 257.00 258.07
(1

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervtsory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical




Workers (CPI-W) is used
4
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment
1990 benchmark levels.
all seasonally adjusted
revision.

to deflate these series.

survey estimates are currently projected from March
When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
data from January 1987 forward are subject to

107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.4
41.4
42.3

41.4
41.3
42.8

41.4
40.9
42.7

Alaska

42.0

54.5

43.8

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1990
$9.40
9.65

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

$9.73
10.14
11.56

$9.80
10.19
11.59

$389.16
399.51
465.30

$402.82
418.78
494.77

$405.72
416.77
494.89

10.91

12.45

547.26

594.59

545.31

11.00
13.03
Arizona

40.8

40.7

40.4

10.77

10.75

423.50

438.34

434.30

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.9
40.4
41.6
41.8
44.1

41.8
39.4
40.6
42.6
41.8

42.1
38.9
40.6
42.9
42.0

10.38
8.61
7.90
8.89
9.07
10.41

8.86
8.35
9.05
9.17
10.63

8.90
8.35
9.06
9.20
10.63

360.76
319.16
369.82
379.13
459.08

370.35
328.99
367.43
390.64
444.33

374.69
324.82
367.84
394.68
446.46

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

40.8
41.2
39.9
41.4
40.8
40.2
40.8
42.2
40.3
40.8
39.0
41.3
39.7
40.9
40.5
39.7
42.2
39.8

40.7
40.1
41.6
41.4
41.0
42.8
41.4
40.4
40.8
42.1
40.0
40.3
40.3
40.7
41.2
37.7
43.0
40.9

40.9
41.0
39.8
40.9
41.1
41.3
41.5
41.1
40.2
41.9
38.3
40.4
40.3
41.7
40.9
38.3
41.8
40.6

11.57
11.58
12.36
9.61
11.15
10.58
13.62
10.88
10.41
12.17
11.62
11.68
12.96
13.68
11.85
11.40
11.16
13.63

11.89
12.06
12.66
10.13
11.31
11.33
13.85
10.92
10.69
12.41
11.44
11.95
12.89
14.30
12.49
11.87
11.51
13.74

12.00
12.05
12.82
10.09
11.46
11.38
13.90
10.97
10.75
12.49
11.24
11.97
12.95
14.29
12.55
11.95
11.57
13.85

472.06
477.10
493.16
397.85
454.92
425.32
555.70
459.14
419.52
496.54
453.18
482.38
514.51
559.51
479.93
452.58
470.95
542.47

483.92
483.61
526.66
419.38
463.71
484.92
573.39
441.17
436.15
522.46
457.60
481.59
519.47
582.01
514.59
447.50
494.93
561.97

490.80
494.05
510.24
412.68
471.01
469.99
576.85
450.87
432.15
523.33
430.49
483.59
521.89
595.89
513.30
457.69
483.63
562.31

Colorado
Denver

41.2
40.8

38.5
40.4

39.3
41.3

11.22
12.59

11.32
12.37

11.37
12.51

462.26
513.67

435.82
499.75

446.84
516.66

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

42.1
41.5
42.2
42.8
41.4
39.5
42.3

41.4
40.8
41.7
40.2
40.7
41.1
42.9

41.9
41.4
42.6
42.1
41.2
40.8
42.7

11.59
12.19
12.49
12.50
11.12
12.64
10.87

12.00
12.65
12.52
12.30
11.51
11.75
11.14

12.11
12.87
13.09
12.21
11.53
12.20
11.36

487.94
505.89
527.08
535.00
460.37
499.28
459.80

496.80
516.12
522.08
494.46
468.46
482.93
477.91

507.41
532.82
557.63
514.04
475.04
497.76
485.07

Delaware
Wilmington

42.5
43.2

40.2
39.1

42.1
42.4

12.23
14.94

11.89
14.13

12.49
14.64

519.78
645.41

477.98
552.48

525.83
620.74

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

39.2

38.8

39.4

12.52

13.06

13.14

490.78

506.73

517.72

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

40.5
40.7
41.4
39.4
41.0
43.1
40.1
39.7

40.6
41.0
41.6
39.2
39.7
42.8
40.6
40.9

41.0
41.8
40.4
39.7
40.0
42.8
41.5
40.4

9.02
9.20
9.53
7.61
10.32
11.30
9.25
9.87

9.30
9.42
9.76
7.75
10.38
11.94
9.55
9.66

9.31
9.43
9.69
7.75
10.24
11.82
9.63
9.94

365.31
374.44
394.54
299.83
423.12
487.03
370.93
391.84

377.58
386.22
406.02
303.80
412.09
511.03
387.73
395.09

381.71
394.17
391.48
307.68
409.60
505.90
399.65
401.58

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.2
41.8
46.0

41.4
41.3
48.0

41.3
39.9
47.8

9.23
10.72
11.65

9.57
11.26
11.73

9.62
11.35
12.01

380.28
448.10
535.90

396.20
465.04
563.04

397.31
452.87
574.08

Hawaii
Honolulu

41.8
39.7

40.7
40.4

41.0
39.0

11.04
11.50

11.45
11.87

11.34
11.79

461.47
456.55

466.02
479.55

464.94
459.81

Idaho

42.7

40.1

40.6

10.33

11.09

11.20

441.09

444.71

454.72

See footnotes at end of table.

108



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

$11.75
11.48
13.88
10.46
11.-|9
13.84
14.67
13.52
12.23
11.75
14.92
12.79
11.06

$484.68
475.44
647.65
410.59
467.46
572.32
643.97
559.73
509.72
466.27
613.35
542.20
426.93

$478.53
468.31
562.55
433.86
469.86
558.00
621.96
562.85
510.72
477.46
638.31
512.52
414.77

$482.93
472.98
549.65
458.15
469.94
563.29
641.08
561.08
513.66
478.23
650.51
539.74
419.17

12.40
16.42
11.61
10.33
12.65
12.81
16.31
13.09
17.44
12.73
13.46
11.53
11.03

12.47
17.24
11.76
10.48
12.73
13.05
16.30
13.28
16.81
12.40
13.71
11.64
10.98

509.88
629.08
426.53
382.91
514.53
516.25
702.10
541.44
729.25
528.84
617.12
467.52
396.60

515.84
663.37
443.50
418.37
543.95
522.65
698.07
545.85
687.14
520.66
605.70
468.12
461.05

527.48
774.08
468.05
420.25
556.30
542.88
699.27
565.73
719.47
528.24
603.24
495.86
483.12

11.39
14.27
12.49
12.34
8.96

11.49
14.78
12.43
10.59
9.56

11.72
14.80
12.54
12.06
9.67

469.27
569.37
504.60
529.39
385.28

464.20
588.24
529.52
421.48
380.49

482.86
606.80
534.20
494.46
400.34

40.3
39.4
39.9

11.11
12.55
12.20

11.29
12.62
12.90

11.36
13.28
12.95

454.40
489.45
496.54

454.99
499.75
510.84

457.81
523.23
516.71

40.5
41.9
41.4

40.7
41.4
42.0

10.73
11.27
12.19

11.15
11.99
12.91

11.07
11.85
12.72

435.64
471.09
515.64

451.58
502.38
534.47

450.55
490.59
534.24

43.6
44.8
42.1
42.6

42.9
44.1
41.2
42.0

43.3
44.7
42.0
42.2

11.57
13.95
11.09
12.03

11.84
13.76
11.33
12.89

11.91
14.06
11.53
12.82

504.45
624.96
466.89
512.48

507.94
606.82
466.80
541.38

515.70
628.48
484.26
541.00

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.3
39.4
38.1

40.1
40.4
38.0

41.1
41.4
38.6

10.75
9.49
11.08

10.94
9.06
10.41

11.12
8.94
10.37

433.23
373.91
422.15

438.69
366.02
395.58

457.03
370.12
400.28

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

41.3
41.2

41.0
41.9

41.3
42.4

11.64
12.13

12.02
12.65

12.14
12.76

480.73
499.76

492.82
530.04

501.38
541.02

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.8
40.6
41.4
41.4

40.9
40.3
40.9
42.0

41.3
40.7
41.1
42.5

11.49
12.17
10.89
11.12

11.69
12.47
11.35
11.15

11.73
12.58
11.37
11.24

468.79
494.10
450.85
460.37

478.12
502.54
464.22
468.30

484.45
512.01
467.31
477.70

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.1
44.2
42.2
44.3
42.9
41.2
42.5
43.6
42.2
41.2
44.3

41.7
42.5
42.7
42.5
41.8
39.5
40.1
42.8
39.6
39.2
42.1

42.9
42.0
42.3
43.7
43.0
41.2
42.6
44.1
40.9
39.5
43.4

14.07
15.93
14.74
15.15
17.69
11.97
10.83
14.02
15.65
12.70
16.52

14.54
16.34
14.88
15.61
18.52
12.42
10.90
14.73
16.66
12.11
16.60

14.66
17.05
15.19
15.65
18.65
12.43
10.99
15.06
17.21
12.18
16.83

606.42
704.11
622.03
671.14
758.90
493.16
460.27
611.27
660.43
523.24
731.84

606.32
694.45
635.38
663.42
774.14
490.59
437.09
630.44
659.74
474.71
698.86

628.91
716.10
642.54
683.90
801.95
512.12
468.17
664.15
703.89
481.11
730.42

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

42.0
42.0
45.9
41.1
41.7
42.3
43.6
42.5
42.3
40.3
43.5
43.1
39.9

40.9
40.9
40.5
42.0
41.0
40.7
42.6
41.6
42.0
40.6
43.1
41.1
37.0

41.1
41.2
39.6
43.8
40.9
40.7
43.7
41.5
42.0
40.7
43.6
42.2
37.9

$11.54
11.32
14.11
9.99
11.21
13.53
14.77
13.17
12.05
11.57
14.10
12.58
10.70

$11.70
11.45
13.89
10.33
11.46
13.71
14.60
13.53
12.16
11.76
14.81
12.47
11.21

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

42.0
40.3
39.9
38.6
41.9
41.3
43.1
42.7
43.1
43.1
46.4
41.3
37.7

41.6
40.4
38.2
40.5
43.0
40.8
42.8
41.7
39.4
40.9
45.0
40.6
41.8

42.3
44.9
39.8
40.1
43.7
41.6
42.9
42.6
42.8
42.6
44.0
42.6
44.0

12.14
15.61
10.69
9.92
12.28
12.50
16.29
12.68
16.92
12.27
13.30
11.32
10.52

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.2
39.9
40.4
42.9
43.0

40.4
39.8
42.6
39.8
39.8

41.2
41.0
42.6
41.0
41.4

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.9
39.0
40.7

40.3
39.6
39.6

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

40.6
41.8
42.3

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991*

Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.2
41.4
40.9
39.4

40.9
40.4
40.6
41.3

Jackson

39.9
40.9

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1990

Aug.

Sept.
1991P

40.9
39.7
40.6
40.7

$11.25
11.50
12.01
10.24

$11.47
11.61
12.27
10.27

40.0
40.7

40.7
41.1

8.43
9.42

41.0
40.9
42.2
41.1

40.9
41.3
42.0
42.2

41.2
41.3
42.4
41.6

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

$11.54
11.10
12.34
10.26

$463.50
476.10
491.21
403.46

$469.12
469.04
498.16
424.15

$471.99
440.67
501.00
417.58

8.66
9.16

8.73
9.53

336.36
385.28

346.40
372.81

355.31
391.68

10.74
11.46
13.07
9.30

10.93
12.53
12.97
9.69

11.06
12.49
13.16
9.75

440.34
468.71
551.55
382.23

447.04
517.49
544.74
408.92

455.67
515.84
557.98
405.60

Montana

40.4

39.7

38.9

11.94

11.64

11.91

482.38

462.11

463.30

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

42.0
40.4
42.0

41.4
40.8
41.1

41.3
41.5
41.1

9.75
11.12
10.28

9.72
10.97
10.38

9.90
11.25
10.49

409.50
449.25
431.76

402.41
447.58
426.62

408.87
466.88
431.14

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.5
41.6

40.7
40.3

40.3
40.0

10.96
12.43

11.09
12.71

11.20
12.72

443.88
517.09

451.36
512.21

451.36
508.80

New rial i ipsntre
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

40.6
41.1
40.6
41.4

41.0
41.2
40.0
41.9

42.2
41.8
43.2
41.6

10.82
11.07
13.64
9.94

10.79
10.79
13.05
10.67

10.91
11.12
12.83
10.56

439.29
454.98
553.78
411.52

442.39
444.55
522.00
447.07

460.40
464.82
554.26
439.30

New Jersey

41.6

41.3

41.5

11.80

12.24

12.33

490.88

505.51

511.70

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.7
39.4

40.5
41.1

41.0
40.8

8.95
9.41

9.34
9.69

9.33
9.75

364.27
370.75

378.27
398.26

382.53
397.80

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.0
40.8
39.6
43.5
40.4
39.6
37.2
37.0
41.5
39.8
40.3
43.1
41.1
41.2
40.9
37.3

39.7
41.0
39.8
41.4
41.2
38.9
37.6
37.5
39.9
40.1
40.3
41.7
38.6
41.0
40.1
38.9

40.2
41.6
39.8
41.7
40.8
39.0
37.5
37.2
41.5
40.3
40.6
42.5
39.1
41.2
40.1
39.0

11.24
11.99
10.23
13.18
10.16
11.90
10.34
10.18
14.41
9.48
10.84
12.78
9.23
12.56
10.41
12.19

11.43
12.39
9.61
13.65
10.63
12.00
10.41
10.18
14.40
10.07
11.16
13.45
10.77
12.60
10.62
12.16

11.50
12.49
9.69
13.74
10.60
12.06
10.53
10.28
14.74
10.23
11.14
13.50
10.73
12.72
10.52
12.52

449.60
489.19
405.11
573.33
410.46
471.24
384.65
376.66
598.02
377.30
436.85
550.82
379.35
517.47
425.77
454.69

453.77
507.99
382.48
565.11
437.96
466.80
391.42
381.75
574.56
403.81
449.75
560.87
415.72
516.60
425.86
473.02

462.30
519.58
385.66
572.96
432.48
470.34
394.88
382.42
611.71
412.27
452.28
573.75
419.54
524.06
421.85
488.28

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

40.3
41.1
40.5
39.3
42.2

40.5
41.1
39.9
39.6
42.5

40.7
41.0
40.2
39.8
42.8

8.86
9.53
9.56
10.15

9.22
9.14
9.84
10.00
10.55

9.22
9.15
9.88
9.95
10.68

357.86
364.15
385.97
375.71
428.33

373.41
375.65
392.62
396.00
448.38

375.25
375.15
397.18
396.01
457.10

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.5
38.7

40.5
37.1

38.9
39.4

8.98
8.86

9.32
9.37

9.60
8.95

354.71
342.88

377.46
347.63

373.44
352.63

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

43.2
43.4
42.9
43.4
43.1
42.2
43.1
44.4
44.7

42.2
42.3
41.4
43.1
42.4
42.5
42.5
42.7
41.3

43.0
42.9
42.5
43.2
42.4
42.3
43.4
43.3
44.5

12.89
12.21
11.46
12.20
12.31
12.55
13.69
13.76
15.26

13.13
11.95
11.28
12.75
12.63
13.02
14.05
13.94
15.25

13.33
12.41
11.33
12.71
12.75
13.05
14.29
14.08
16.02

556.85
529.91
491.63
529.48
530.56
529.61
590.04
610.94
682.12

554.09
505.49
466.99
549.53
535.51
553.35
597.13
595.24
629.83

573.19
532.39
481.53
549.07
540.60
552.02
620.19
609.66
712.89

See footnotes at end of table.

110



_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE ANO AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.8
41.5
41.7

41.1
41.4
42.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford
Portland
Salem

40.6
38.3
40.5
40.1
38.3

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Average hourly earnings
Sept
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

41.0
41.2
41.9

$10.78
11.97
11.42

$11.13
12.07
11.88

39.4
38.9
40.2
39.6
38.0

40.2
39.5
41.3
39.9
38.7

11.17
10.90
11.19
11.59
9.10

41.1
40.5
39.7
43.5
43.9
40.7
39.8
40.2
40.4
42.2
40.7
39.5
44.3
41.5
40.0
41.9

40.8
40.5
39.8
44.7
42.7
40.4
38.8
40.1
39.9
41.1
41.1
39.4
42.1
38.9
40.6
41.8

40.9
40.4
40.5
45.1
42.7
40.5
39.0
40.3
40.6
41.6
41.4
39.9
45.5
39.2
40.7
41.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.2
39.4
40.1

39.9
40.3
39.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

41.0
41.0
41.6
41.2

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

$11.26
12.36
11.81

$439.82
496.76
476.21

$457.44
499.70
498.96

$461.66
509.23
494.84

11.37
11.26
11.21
11.78
9.08

11.51
11.44
11.32
11.91
9.39

453.50
417.47
453.20
464.76
348.53

447.98
438.01
450.64
466.49
345.04

462.70
451.88
467.52
475.21
363.39

11.14
11.11
9.71
11.24
11.84
11.13
8.79
11.17
12.02
11.54
11.61
9.78
12.15
10.04
9.34
10.80

11.48
11.55
9.32
11.36
12.03
11.74
8.94
11.37
12.42
11.86
12.02
10.09
12.28
10.26
10.68
11.30

11.52
11.64
9.41
11.57
12.04
11.71
9.07
11.36
12.52
11.90
12.16
10.25
12.68
10.28
10.74
11.28

457.85
449.96
385.49
488.94
519.78
452.99
349 84
449.03
485.61
486.99
472.53
386.31
538.25
416.66
373.60
452.52

468.38
467.78
370.94
507.79
513.68
474.30
346.87
455.94
495.56
487.45
494.02
397.55
516.99
399.11
433.61
472.34

471.17
470.26
381.11
521.81
514.11
474.26
353.73
457.81
508.31
495.04
503.42
408.98
576.94
402.98
437.12
472.63

41.8
41.6
41.4

9.51
8.92
9.24

9.65
9.04
9.99

9.66
8.97
9.92

382.30
351.45
370.52

385.04
364.31
395.60

403.79
373.15
410.69

41.1
40.6
41.6
41.0

41.3
40.8
42.0
41.2

8.96
9.16
9.12
8.91

9.17
9.49
9.48
9.23

9.19
9.49
9.53
9.25

367.36
375.56
379.39
367.09

376.89
385.29
394.37
378.43

379.55
387.19
400.26
381.10

41.9
40.4
42.1

41.1
39.5
41.2

42.2
44.1
41.6

8.55
9.29
8.79

8.81
9.72
9.12

8.82
9.90
9.16

358.25
375.32
370.06

362.09
383.94
375.74

372.20
436.59
381.06

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

39.1
40.6
40.7
39.0
40.5
40.1

39.8
41.9
40.4
40.7
41.1
42.1

39.8
41.4
40.4
40.8
41.0
42.2

9.70
8.80
10.12
9.39
9.66
11.37

9.98
10.13
10.88
9.90
10.35
11.25

9.95
10.13
10.82
10.02
10.12
11.23

379.27
357.28
411.88
366.21
391.23
455.94

397.20
424.45
439.55
402.93
425.39
473.63

396.01
419.38
437.13
408.82
414.92
473.91

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

42.3
42.7
41.2
45.3
41.2

42.2
41.7
42.6
44.3
40.3

42.7
42.1
42.6
45.0
41.1

10.53
10.27
11.44
12.18
7.87

10.84
10.65
11.80
12.50
8.33

10.91
10.74
11.90
12.59
8.26

445.42
438.53
471.33
551.75
324.24

457.45
444.11
502.68
553.75
335.70

465.86
452.15
506.94
566.55
339.49

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.3
40.3

40.0
40.0

40.7
40.5

10.38
10.42

10.76
10.93

10.75
10.80

418.31
419.93

430.40
437.20

437.53
437.40

Vermont
Burlington

40.9
40.0

40.0
40.7

41.6
42.2

10.75
11.17

10.90
11.43

10.96
11.32

439.68
446.80

436.00
465.20

455.94
477.70

Virginia
Bristol
CharlottesviUe
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.6
40.6
41.6
40.4
41.6
40.4
43.5
41.6

40.9
41.8
42.0
42.5
41.6
40.1
42.4
41.4

41.2
40.3
41.2
42.8
41.2
40.4
42.6
42.3

10.14
8.62
8.90
9.57
10.04
11.34
13.29
11.63

10.43
8.73
9.28
9.90
10.07
11.99
13.62
12.31

10.44
8.56
9.21
9.75
9.96
12.07
13.65
12.48

411.68
349.97
370.24
386.63
417.66
458.14
578.12
483.81

426.59
364.91
389.76
420.75
418.91
480.80
577.49
509.63

430.13
344.97
379.45
417.30
410.35
487.63
581.49
527.90

Washington

40.5

39.7

40.2

12.65

13.31

13.27

512.33

528.41

533.45

See footnotes at end of table.




111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

State and area

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland .,
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.9
44.6
41.3
41.4
42.5

40.4
44.4
40.6
40.9
40.2

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh....
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

42.6
43.5
44.4
42.6
45.2
41.9
41.6
42.4
41.7
39.6
45.6
43.9

Wyoming

39.2

Sept.
1991"

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

$11.81
14.08
13.73
14.04
14.96

$471.58
583.81
551.36
555.59
577.15

$473.89
590.96
570.02
570.56
571.24

$483.03
627.97
553.32
581.26
725.56

11.34
11.94
12.27
12.11
14.31
11.93
9.77
10.53
12.46
12.03
11.29
10.99

11.44
12.07
12.02
12.41
14.35
12.02
9.80
10.67
12.46
12.18
11.42
11.20

472.86
527.66
516.82
499.70
652.69
501.54
408.10
437.14
499.98
459.76
492.48
492.12

468.34
518.20
552.15
518.31
588.14
490.32
398.62
451.74
514.60
471.58
464.02
470.37

481.62
522.63
530.08
522.46
607.01
495.22
397.88
464.15
518.34
485.98
516.18
501.76

10.96

11.40

433.55

432.92

450.30

Sept.

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

1991P

40.9
44.6
40.3
41.4
48.5

$11.53
13.09
13.35
13.42
13.58

$11.73
13.31
14.04
13.95
14.21

41.3
43.4
45.0
42.8
41.1
41.1
40.8
42.9
41.3
39.2
41.1
42.8

42.1
43.3
44.1
42.1
42.3
41.2
40.6
43.5
41.6
39.9
45.2
44.8

11.10
12.13
11.64
11.73
14.44
11.97
9.81
10.31
11.99
11.61
10.80
11.21

39.5

39.5

11.06

Puerto Rico

39.5

39.3

39.3

6.14

6.37

6.40

242.53

250.34

251.52

Virgin Islands

43.4

41.1

41.8

11.96

12.46

12.32

519.06

512.11

514.98

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May isi

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1990
benchmarks.

p

112



of this

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total

Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Oct. 1990
to
Oct. 1991 P

Aug. 1991
to
Sept. 1991 r

Sept. 1991
to
Oct. 1991 P

-0.6

0.6

-0.5

Aug.
1991 r

Sept.
1991 r

Oct.
1991 P

200,636

201,832

200,894

164,016

164,921

163,738

1,604
9,246
39,224
22,627
16,597
11,712
12,018
28,767
12,414
49,032

1,569
9,385
39,194
22,616
16,578
11,753
12,012
28,962
12,560
49,487

1,559
9,274
39,060
22,505
16,556
11,674
11,968
28,490
12,359
49,352

-4.0
-4.1
-2.8
-4.4
-.6
-.4
-1.9
-1.9
-.8
2.2

36,619

36,912

37,157

1.0

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

-.7
-2.2
1.5
-.1
.0
-.1
.3
.0
.7
1.2
.9

-.6
-1.2
-.3
-.5
-.1
-.7
-.4
-1.6
-1.6
-.3

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

113

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1982 = 100)
Annual average

Quarterly index

Item

1989
1989

1990

1991

1990
IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

112.8
135.8
120.4
133.0
103.5
118.0
133.1
122.8

112.4
136.1
121.1
138.4
102.2
123.1
136.6
127.5

113.0
135.6
120.0
131.8
104.4
116.6
130.9
121.2

113.1
135.9
120.1
132.8
103.6
117.3
133.4
122.5

112.8
136.1
120.7
133.4
103.2
118.3
133.8
123.3

112.2
135.5
120.7
134.2
102.9
119.6
134.4
124.3

112.0
136.0
121.3
135.7
102.2
121.1
135.5
125.8

112.4
136.4
121.3
137.7
102.7
122.5
137.0
127.2

112.7
136.5
121.2
139.4
102.3
123.7
137.5
128.2

112.3
135.4
120.5
140.6
101.4
125.2
136.5
128.8

112.3
133.7
119.1
142.0
101.5
126.4
138.4
130.3

112.2
133.6
119.1
143.6
102.1
128.0
139.8
131.8

112.8
134.5
119.2
144.8
102.3
128.4
140.0
132.1

111.9
136.7
122.2
132.1
102.8
118.1
133.8
123.0

111.2
136.9
123.1
137.2
101.3
123.4
137.1
127.7

112.1
136.4
121.7
131.0
103.7
116.9
131.1
121.4

112.1
136.8
122.1
131.7
102.7
117.5
134.0
122.7

111.9
137.1
122.5
132.4
102.5
118.3
134.7
123.5

111.3
136.3
122.5
133.3
102.2
119.8
135.3
124.7

111.0
136.8
123.3
134.6
101.3
121.3
135.7
125.8

111.3
137.2
123.3
136.6
101.8
122.7
137.4
127.3

111.5
137.4
123.2
138.2
101.4
124.0
138.0
128.4

111.2
136.1
122.4
139.5
100.6
125.4
137.5
129.2

111.2
134.5
120.9
140.9
100.8
126.7
139.3
130.7

111.2
134.3
120.8
142.5
101.4
128.2
140.2
132.0

111.8
135.3
121.0
143.8
101.5
128.6
140.8
132.4

133.3
146.4
109.8
127.7

136.6
147.0
107.6
131.8

133.4
145.3
108.9
128.9
98.8

134.7
145.9
108.4
129.3

136.0
147.5
108.5
131.0
97.7

138.0
148.8
107.8
132.5
97.2
96.1

137.2
145.7
106.2
133.8

136.6
141.6
103.6
134.6

96.5
97.5

96.3

137.9
142.4
103.2
136.6
97.1

139.3
144.7
103.9
137.7

97.3
96.5

133.8
147.1
110.0
127.1
99.1

133.1
146.0
109.8
128.4

99.3

133.1
147.1
110.5
126.6
100.2
95.1

98.6

99.0

98.8

146.3
162.2
110.9
125.7
98.1

153.0

151.4
159.1
105.1
132.8

95.7
87.7

152.0
154.3
101.5
135.7
96.5

86.0

150.8
153.5
101.8
133.7
95.6
88.7

89.2

153.9
156.8
101.8
137.1
96.8
89.0

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

95.8

99.4
96.5

96.6

97.3
96.0

145.7
159.1
109.2
127.8

147.3
159.7
108.5
128.1

98.0

96.5

86.0

146.2
161.0
110.2
127.4
98.6
87.2

87.7

87.0

149.9
162.6
108.4
129.8
96.8
86.5

95.0

96.3

97.2

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

145.6
161.0
110.6
126.5
98.5
86.9

150.6
161.4
107.2
130.7
86.8

144.3
161.7
112.1
125.2
99.1
86.8

116.7
126.9
108.7
129.4
100.7
110.8

118.1
127.7
108.1
133.8
98.8
113.2

117.9
127.6
108.2
128.4
101.7
108.9

116.9
127.1
108.7
129.0
100.7
110.4

115.5
126.1
109.2
129.8
100.5
112.4

116.9
126.9
108.5
130.6
100.1
111.7

117.9
127.6
108.2
131.3
98.8
111.3

117.4
127.4
108.5
133.1
99.2
113.4

118.1
128.0
108.4
134.4
98.6
113.8

118.7
127.8
107.7
135.8
97.9
114.4

118.2
125.7
106.3
136.8
97.8
115.7

119.6
126.4
105.7
138.6
98.6
115.9

120.4
128.7
106.9
139.4
98.4
115.8

115.1
140.4
122.1
129.5
100.7
111.4
112.5
108.6
153.4
114.0

114.6
140.6
122.8
134.2
99.1
116.3
117.1
114.3
139.5
117.8

114.6
139.5
121.7
128.2
101.5
110.1
111.9
105.4
158.4
113.1

114.9
140.3
122.1
128.9
100.6
110.9
112.2
107.5
158.4
113.9

115.6
141.5
122.4
129.7
100.4
111.5
112.1
109.8
154.4
114.2

114.5
140.4
122.6
130.3
99.9
113.2
113.9
111.5
142.5
115.0

114.0
140.5
123.2
131.2
98.8
114.3
115.1
112.4
142.9
116.1

114.8
141.4
123.2
133.7
99.7
115.4
116.5
112.6
149.1
117.5

114.6
141.1
123.1
135.2
99.2
117.1
118.0
114.8
138.6
118.5

114.6
139.6
121.8
136.4
98.4
118.6
119.0
117.3
127.5
119.1

114.3
137.3
120.1
137.7
98.4
120.5
120.4
120.8
125.3
120.8

114.5
137.3
119.9
139.2
99.0
121.5
121.6
121.1
129.9
122.0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

96.5

164.3
107.4
131.5

96.5

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
1
p

Not available.
= preliminary.

114



r

= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

II
1990

III
1990

IV
1990

I
1991

II
1991r

1.4
1.2
-.2
6.1
2.1
4.7
4.5
4.6

0.9
.5
-.4
5.0

-1.2
-3.4
-2.1
3.3
-3.4
4.6
-3.0
2.0

0.0
-4.7
-4.7
4.0
.5
4.1
5.7
4.6

-.8
-3.6
-2.8
3.7
-3.0
4.6
-1.5
2.5

-2.2
-8.1
-6.0
3.7
-3.0

IV
1990

1991

1991r

0.2
-1.6
-1.9
4.6
-.7
4.4
2.2
3.6

-0.2
-2.0
-1.8
4.2

-.9
4.6
2.8
4.0

0.1
-.1
-.2
4.8
-1.4
4.7
1.6
3.6

-.6
4.5
2.0
3.6

-1.5
-1.6
3.9
.0
3.7
1.8
3.1

-.7
.3
1.0
3.7
-.9
4.4
2.5
3.8

-.4
.2
.6
4.4
-1.1
4.8
2.5
4.0

-.1
-.1
-.1
4.6
-1.5
4.7
1.7
3.7

.2
-1.7
-2.0
4.7
-.6
4.5
2.6
3.8

-.1
-2.1
-2.0
4.4
-.4
4.5
2.1
3.7

.3
-1.5
-1.8
4.0
.1
3.7
2.0
3.1

4.0
6.8
2.7
3.2
.2
-.7

1.6
.2
-1.4
3.1
-1.4
1.4

3.7
1.9
-1.8
3.3
-2.2
-.4

2.9
.3
-2.5
3.8
-2.3
.9

1.4
-3.0
-4.3
4.1
-1.1
2.7

1.4
-3.5
-4.8
4.3
-.5
2.8

.9
-2.7
-3.6
3.9
.0
2.9

1.4
-5.1
-6.4
4.6
-.3
3.1

.6
-4.6
-5.2
4.2
.3
3.6

1.9
.5
-1.4
3.7
-.1
1.7

1991P

1990

1990

-0.5
-.5
.0
4.6
2.4
5.1
3.9
4.7

2.3
2.9
.6
3.5

-0.1
.3
.4
4.5

.5
1.2
.8
1.1

-0.6
.3
1.0
3.7
-.8
4.4
2.7
3.8

.0
-4.8
-4.9
4.2
.7
4.2
5.2
4.5

-.3
-.4
-.1
4.6
2.5
4.9
2.8
4.2

2.4
3.0
.6
3.5
.5
1.1
1.7
1.3

-1.8
-10.8
-9.1
2.6
-.9
4.5

3.9
2.2
-1.6
5.9
3.7
1.9

1991P

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

-1.7

4.1
1.7
3.2

0.1

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

1.2
1.2
.0
5.9
2.0
4.7
5.1
4.8

.6
.4
-.1
5.0
-1.8
4.4
1.9

3.6

Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

3.8
4.3
.5
5.3
1.4
1.5

6.1
3.5
-2.4
4.8
-1.9
-1.1

7.4
7.3
-.1
5.3
1.3
-2.0

8.4
4.3
-3.8

6.0

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-4.1

-1.6
-13.3
-11.9
2.8
-.7
4.5

3.3
2.2
-1.1
6.1
3.9
2.7

5.1
6.4
1.2
4.2
1.1
-.9

2.5
.3
-2.2
3.2
-1.4
.7

4.7
2.0
-2.5
3.2
-2.2
-1.4

3.9
.0
-3.8
3.9
-2.3
.0

2.4
-3.9

5.6
-1.2
-2.6

-12.1
-8.3
3.8
-3.0
8.2

-1.8
-.6
1.3
5.6
1.6
7.6

2.6
2.1
-.4
4.0
-2.7
1.4

1.9

-.9
-2.7
4.2
-2.5
2.3

-1.4
-6.4
-5.1
3.0
-.5
4.4

4.7
2.3
-2.3
5.5
3.4
.8

2.6
7.6
4.8
2.1
-.8
-.5

.4
.2
-.2
3.1
-1.4
2.7

2.3
1.6
-.7
3.5
-1.9
1.2

1.5
.7
-.7
4.0
-2.2
2.5

.3
-1.5
-1.8
4.2
-1.0

3.9

1.9
-.8
-2.6
4.2
-.6
2.2

2.6
2.5
.0
7.6
3.6
3.7
4.9
.5

-.7
-.8
-.1
4.8
-2.0
6.3
5.5
8.3
-25.3
3.4

.2
-4.1
-4.3
3.6
-3.1
5.0
3.4
9.1
-28.4
2.2

-1.1
-6.5
-5.5
3.8
.2

.5
-.1
-.6
4.6
2.4
3.1
4.0
1.0
15.8
3.9

O
O
O
O
O
O

-.1
.8

-.9
-.3
.6
4.3

.1
-.6
-.7
4.7
-1.5
4.7
4.5
5.2
-10.5
3.5

.2
-2.3
-2.5
4.9
-.4
5.4
4.7
7.4

-.3
-2.9
-2.6
4.2
-.6
5.3
4.5
7.6

-12.3
4.1

-12.8

-6.1
4.4

-.9
1.9

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
1
p

Not available.
= preliminary.




18.6
4.8

6.9
4.9
12.2
-6.8

5.9

o
o
o
o

.9
3.7
-.9
4.0
3.8
4.7
-5.9
3.2

-1.2
5.1
5.3
4.6
-10.2
3.8

3.9

0

o
o
0

0

' = revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

115

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

1,900.8
443.6
133.5
213.7
137.2
73.3

1,892.0
439.5
132.4
211.9
136.0
72.9

1,894.5
441.8
131.8
211.5
135.7
74.1

136.6
27.2
6.6
15.9
9.4
3.7

140.6
26.7
7.1
16.5
9.0
4.4

260.2

268.4

260.5

16.4

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,742.8
1,080.8
318.4

1,707.6
1,063.5
315.0

1,709.5
1,061.1
316.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,146.3
64.9
92.9
269.8
37.9

1,121.2
63.4
92.1
267.0
36.8

14,607.8
1,357.0
231.3
346.8
4,386.0
168.5
1,086.2
373.0
1,067.5
736.6
160.7
1,166.4
862.2
798.1
178.7
213.4
199.3
202.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

126.0
24.8
6.2
14.9
8.1
3.9

7.2
6.1
5.0
7.4
6.9
5.0

7.4
6.1
5.4
7.8
6.6
6.0

6.6
5.6
4.7
7.0
6.0
5.3

17.9

19.6

6.3

6.7

7.5

89.7
44.7
12.4

99.2
51.5
12.0

94.9
51.5
11.6

5.1
4.1
3.9

5.8
4.8
3.8

5.6
4.9
3.7

1,112.5
63.3
90.2
264.8
36.7

78.7
2.4
6.0
16.7
3.5

82.1
2.6
6.7
17.7
4.0

76.4
2.4
7.2
16.4
3.7

6.9
3.7
6.5
6.2
9.3

7.3
4.1
7.3
6.6
10.8

6.9
3.8
7.9
6.2
10.1

15,023.9
1,386.3
238.5
340.0
4,575.0
175.6
1,107.3
373.8
1,106.9
753.7
167.7
1,181.4
886.2
818.5
179.5
218.2
206.9
208.3

14,968.6
1,375.0
236.4
351.4
4,563.0
172.4
1,102.4
370.6
1,106.4
752.2
166.2
1,174.4
875.4
804.6
179.0
219.8
207.6
207.0

846.5
52.0
23.3
28.2
269.0
14.9
49.4
25.3
81.1
34.6
10.7
60.4
31.1
35.1
8.4
9.2
15.9
10.9

1,081.9
65.7
24.5
30.3
388.0
18.2
59.7
28.5
100.7
42.7
11.3
71.4
40.3
43.7
9.4
11.8
18.8
13.0

1,122.9
67.0
24.9
29.5
425.0
17.4
59.8
29.0
100.6
47.0
11.6
72.7
39.3
44.1
10.0
11.6
18.9
13.1

5.8
3.8
10.1
8.1
6.1
8.8
4.5
6.8
7.6
4.7
6.7
5.2
3.6
4.4
4.7
4.3
8.0
5.4

7.2
4.7
10.3
8.9
8.5
10.3
5.4
7.6
9.1
5.7
6.7
6.0
4.5
5.3
5.2
5.4
9.1
6.3

7.5
4.9
10.6
8.4
9.3
10.1
5.4
7.8
9.1
6.2
7.0
6.2
4.5
5.5
5.6
5.3
9.1
6.3

1,774.1
140.2
904.9

1,768.2
137.3
903.6

1,772.6
140.3
907.1

71.5
4.3
34.8

71.9
4.3
35.5

66.8
3.9
33.3

4.0
3.1
3.8

4.1
3.1
3.9

3.8
2.8
3.7

1,783.5
230.5
435.3
74.4
288.1
113.6
103.7

1,837.4
237.8
441.9
76.2
292.0
120.7
104.9

1,798.5
231.6
433.6
75.4
287.3
116.4
102.7

90.4
14.5
19.7
4.4
14.4
4.1
7.6

126.6
18.7
29.2
7.0
19.3
5.6
10.7

115.7
17.3
27.0
6.3
17.5
5.1
9.6

5.1
6.3
4.5
5.9
5.0
3.6
7.3

6.9
7.8
6.6
9.2
6.6
4.7
10.2

6.4
7.5
6.2
8.4
6.1
4.4
9.4

361.5
311.5

365.3
313.3

358.6
308.9

21.1
17.7

24.6
22.4

22.2
18.9

5.8
5.7

6.7
7.1

6.2
6.1

District of Columbia
Washington

294.8
2,210.9

289.4
2,251.8

281.6
2,241.2

21.4
85.0

20.8
97.6

22.5
96.5

7.3
3.8

7.2
4.3

8.0
4.3

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6,419.2
161.0
666.0
151.5
111.4
469.6
181.2
197.4
964.6
651.2
152.4
127.6
139.7
1,024.9
427.4

6,556.3
166.0
681.5
162.6
111.5
475.9
186.6
200.1
967.3
655.0
155.1
131.8
138.9
1,050.2
435.5

6,473.4
164.1
671.5
161.2
111.8
472.3
186.0
195.1
942.9
645.8
153.4
129.4
140.2
1,038.8
432.9

395.2
8.8
37.6
7.2
4.1
25.8
19.0
11.1
68.3
36.0
8.9
5.6
5.2
52.7
30.9

546.0
12.5
58.2
11.3
5.4
34.5
23.8
15.7
92.6
45.9
10.1
7.7
6.7
73.6
47.1

519.1
11.9
54.5
11.1
5.2
33.7
21.9
14.8
87.8
43.8
9.6
7.2
6.4
71.3
45.3

6.2
5.5
5.6
4.7
3.6
5.5
10.5
5.6
7.1
5.5
5.8
4.4
3.8
5.1
7.2

8.3
7.5
8.5
7.0
4.9
7.2
12.8
7.8
9.6
7.0
6.5
5.8
4.9
7.0
10.8

8.0
7.2
8.1
6.9
4.6
7.1
11.8
7.6
9.3
6.8
6.3
5.5
4.5
6.9
10.5

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

116



STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

State and area
Sept.
1990

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

157.6
3.0
2.9
72.6
9.1
5.5
6.0
5.5

6.4
7.8
5.5
6.2
4.9
6.6
5.3
5.7

5.3
6.1
3.9
5.1
4.8
5.7
4.6
5.0

5.0
5.6
3.9
4.9
4.6
5.5
4.5
4.7

14.1
8.5

15.4
9.4

2.8
2.6

2.5
2.1

2.8
2.4

22.8
4.3

25.6
3.9

23.9
4.2

4.7
3.8

5.0
3.3

4.7
3.6

6,010.0
192.5
76.2
90.8
3,285.4
182.9
60.6
213.0
47.9
311.6
166.1'
156.3
114.7

393.1
11.4
3.0
3.4
217.5
10.4
4.6
14.1
3.4
12.6
10.2
9.5
5.2

440.9
13.7
3.2
3.9
233.4
14.9
5.5
15.7
4.2
14.3
11.7
17.7
5.8

398.1
12.9
2.9
3.6
217.1
11.9
5.0
14.3
3.8
12.8
10.6
12.0
5.5

6.5
6.0
4.0
3.8
6.6
5.7
7.6
6.7
7.1
4.1
6.1
6.0
4.6

7.2
7.0
4.3
4.3
7.0
7.9
9.1
7.3
8.7
4.5
7.0
11.1
4.8

6.6
6.7
3.8
4.0
6.6
6.5
8.2
6.7
7.9
4.1
6.4
7.7
4.8

2,841.2
57.7
61.5
95.1
144.5
201.1
260.2
696.9
45.8
64.7
59.1
128.9
60.7

2,806.4
57.4
61.8
92.8
142.7
199.5
259.8
681.4
45.1
67.5
60.9
129.8
61.3

134.4
3.6
1.6
5.7
6.7
10.3
13.6
24.1
2.7
1.4
2.6
6.3
2.4

152.7
3.6
4.0
5.2
8.3
9.6
15.5
31.7
2.9
1.8
2.9
6.7
3.0

160.7
3.7
2.0
5.5
8.4
11.9
18.2
31.2
3.1
2.2
3.4
7.6
3.2

4.8
6.0
2.5
6.1
4.7
5.1
5.2
3.6
5.7
2.1
4.3
4.9
3.9

5.4
6.3
6.5
5.5
5.8
4.8
5.9
4.6
6.4
2.8
4.9
5.2
5.0

5.7
6.4
3.3
6.0
5.9
6.0
7.0
4.6
6.8
3.2
5.7
5.9
5.2

1,474.6
96.5
233.9
44.1
60.4
59.5
72.5

1,502.0
97.1
237.5
46.1
59.8
61.6
72.5

1,475.8
94.3
231.8
44.3
59.5
60.4
73.3

58.9
5.6
7.7
2.0
1.0
2.3
3.5

69.8
4.9
9.8
4.2
1.0
2.8
4.0

62.9
4.4
9.3
2.1
1.0
2.6
4.1

4.0
5.8
3.3
4.5
1.6
3.9
4.9

4.7
5.0
4.1
9.1
1.7
4.5
5.5

4.3
4.6
4.0
4.8
1.6
4.3
5.5

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

1,295.1
45.1
91.5
255.4

1,315.9
44.0
93.3
264.8

1,302.4
44.8
91.3
260.6

57.5
1.6
5.0
11.8

63.5
1.6
5.2
13.4

55.2
1.4
4.7
11.3

4.4
3.6
5.5
4.6

4.8
3.6
5.6
5.1

4.2
3.1
5.1
4.4

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette .
Louisville
Owensboro

1,765.0
197.2
523.1
44.8

1,810.8
196.4
530.8
44.8

1,785.2
194.0
517.8
44.6

97.8
6.6
31.5
2.4

140.1
9.6
32.3
3.5

134.6
9.1
32.0
3.3

5.5
3.4
6.0
5.3

7.7
4.9
6.1
7.9

7.5
4.7
6.2
7.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,895.5
58.0
271.3
68.8
106.6
78.2
68.9
584.1
154.7

1,936.6
59.5
277.6
72.5
109.4
83.3
68.9
593.6
157.3

1,939.3
59.1
280.2
73.4
108.9
83.1
71.2
593.4
159.4

125.1
3.9
15.7
4.0
5.5
5.4
4.5
37.3
10.4

148.9
4.8
19.3
5.2
6.5
7.8
4.8
40.7
11.3

131.6
4.0
16.3
4.8
6.1
7.0
4.3
36.6
10.5

6.6
6.7
5.8
5.8
5.1
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.7

7.7
8.0
6.9
7.2
6.0
9.4
7.0
6.9
7.2

6.8
6.8
5.8
6.6
5.6
8.4
6.0
6.2
6.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland

637.0
42.5
132.4

651.0
41.9
134.2

638.6
42.2
131.4

29.4
3.0
4.8

39.9
3.9
6.3

42.7
4.2
6.9

4.6
7.0
3.7

6.1
9.4
4.7

6.7
10.0
5.3

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

3,262.0
54.4
76.3
1,545.1
200.8
101.2
136.2
118.9

3,158.7
53.6
73.0
1,498.8
199.7
100.8
132.2
117.6

3,150.1
53.3
73.4
1,490.6
196.9
100.0
132.3
117.2

208.1
4.2
4.2
96.1
9.8
6.6
7.2
6.8

166.7
3.3
2.8
76.0
9.7
5.7
6.1
5.9

Hawaii
Honolulu .

533.6
385.2

559.0
400.6

556.1
397.5

15.0
10.1

Idaho
Boise City

489.0
113.3

511.1
118.6

503.4
114.9

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

6,028.8
189.3
76.0
90.5
3,301.3
182.1
60.4
211.4
47.7
309.8
166.3
156.6
113.7

6,094.9
194.5
74.4
90.9
3,323.2
188.1
60.9
214.3
48.6
318.9
168.1
159.6
121.9

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,820.6
59.2
61.2
93.8
142.6
204.6
263.0
666.8
47.3
69.2
60.4
130.7
61.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins .
Savannah

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

See footnotes at end of table.




117

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1990

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

133.2
71.2

5.1
5.5

5.5
6.2

5.2
5.8

275.1
120.5
11.0
9.5
5.4
19.7
15.0
10.3
3.9
23.5
20.6

279.1
122.9
11.0
9.3
5.4
19.9
15.4
10.0
4.0
23.9
21.0

6.2
5.5
7.8
9.1
9.3
8.4
7.2
8.8
5.8
5.9
6.6

8.8
7.9
11.2
12.6
12.1
10.6
10.3
11.8
9.1
9.2
9.8

8.9
8.0
11.1
12.2
11.8
10.7
10.5
11.6
9.5
9.3
9.9

314.5
6.9
4.7
5.4
150.6
14.6
21.1
5.1
5.8
12.9
6.1
12.3

393.3
9.5
5.0
6.9
183.5
22.7
28.3
6.2
7.1
18.1
8.3
15.2

416.7
10.0
5.1
7.3
200.3
25.0
29.3
6.7
7.6
15.4
8.4
15.1

6.9
4.2
7.2
6.9
7.0
7.9
5.6
7.7
4.8
5.4
8.9
6.6

8.7
6.1
8.0
8.7
8.8
12.2
7.5
9.6
6.1
7.7
12.0
8.0

9.2
6.2
8.2
9.4
9.6
13.5
7.7
10.3
6.4
6.7
12.2
8.1

2,409.9
112.1
1,390.1
65.0
103.9

115.4
6.0
65.9
2.3
5.3

119.0
6.8
65.7
2.6
5.6

125.6
6.7
72.4
2.2
6.0

4.7
5.3
4.6
3.4
5.2

4.8
5.9
4.6
3.9
5.4

5.2
6.0
5.2
3.3
5.8

1,184.3
199.5

1,174.4
199.9

86.4
11.2

103.9
13.3

94.3
11.9

7.3
5.6

8.8
6.7

8.0
6.0

2,615.8
847.3
1,267.8
129.9

2,645.5
870.9
1,275.1
129.1

2,674.8
862.4
1,275.2
132.2

150.1
44.0
77.6
5.9

180.2
53.0
92.4
6.8

163.4
46.0
82.9
6.5

5.7
5.2
6.1
4.5

6.8
6.1
7.2
5.3

6.1
5.3
6.5
4.9

Montana

394.9

407.8

397.0

23.3

23.8

23.1

5.9

5.8

5.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

829.6
128.9
338.5

869.2
130.3
356.1

854.8
130.1
349.7

16.8
2.1
9.3

22.9
3.1
10.9

21.2
2.9
10.7

2.0
1.6
2.7

2.6
2.4
3.1

2.5
2.2
3.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

632.8
391.1
135.5

646.9
402.1
136.7

652.2
406.0
138.7

28.3
18.6
5.2

33.0
22.7
5.6

34.7
23.9
6.1

4.5
4.8
3.9

5.1
5.6
4.1

5.3
5.9
4.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

632.1
87.6
98.7
142.9

642.8
89.6
99.4
142.1

624.6
87.6
99.0
138.3

36.0
5.4
6.5
5.7

45.8
6.5
8.1
6.8

43.1
6.2
8.1
6.6

5.7
6.2
6.5
4.0

7.1
7.3
8.1
4.8

6.9
7.1
8.2
4.8

4,041.2
193.0
702.3
276.1
586.8
492.8
946.8
173.8
61.4

4,075.6
199.5
694.6
269.2
597.3
516.6
948.3
172.2
63.0

4,018.3
191.5
689.1
267.6
589.9
496.1
937.4
171.1
62.7

203.3
10.9
31.7
19.6
23.0
24.4
52.7
7.5
4.2

258.4
13.1
41.7
23.2
31.6
29.9
63.7
9.5
6.0

241.0
13.0
39.7
21.8
27.1
28.5
59.5
8.7
5.7

5.0
5.6
4.5
7.1
3.9
4.9
5.6
4.3
6.9

6.3
6.6
6.0
8.6
5.3
5.8
6.7
5.5
9.5

6.0
6.8
5.8
8.1
4.6
5.7
6.3
5.1
9.1

698.1
265.7
59.3
71.0

717.0
269.9
58.3
73.3

711.9
270.3
60.4
71.7

40.0
12.5
3.5
2.3

48.8
14.2
4.3
2.5

44.2
13.1
3.8
2.4

5.7
4.7
5.9
3.2

6.8
5.3
7.3
3.4

6.2
4.8
6.3
3.4

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991^

Maryland
Baltimore

2,536.9
1,210.5

2,595.3
1,240.2

2,586.2
1,232.9

128.8
66.8

142.7
76.8

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,146.8
1,543.3
99.3
74.9
45.8
187.5
148.9
86.2
41.1
256.2
216.1

3,108.9
1,522.0
98.5
75.9
44.8
185.1
144.9
87.6
42.3
255.8
210.2

3,124.9
1,530.1
99.2
76.2
45.5
185.2
147.0
85.8
42.7
258.2
213.1

193.8
84.6
7.7
6.8
4.3
15.8
10.8
7.5
2.4
15.2
14.2

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,579.1
163.5
64.8
78.3
2,143.0
184.3
379.2
66.2
121.1
237.1
68.7
187.2

4,531.6
156.5
62.9
78.4
2,091.2
185.7
379.1
64.9
116.4
234.5
68.9
188.5

4,510.0
160.6
63.1
77.6
2,084.6
185.5
379.5
64.7
118.3
230.7
68.4
186.1

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,441.1
114.3
1,423.4
66.3
101.5

2,472.3
115.4
1,430.7
68.0
104.4

Mississippi
Jackson

1,177.4
200.5

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

118



Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991P

581.9
24.3
6.7
29.1
2.6
3.6
93.9
291.6
254.0
9.0
6.6
24.3
20.6
8.6

5.5
3.3
3.6
4.5
4.9
4.9
4.1
7.2
7.9
4.4
3.0
3.4
3.5
3.7

7.2
5.3
5.6
6.4
5.9
6.5
6.4
8.6
9.3
6.8
4.9
4.6
5.7
6.2

6.8
5.6
5.7
6.3
6.2
7.0
6.8
7.4
7.7
6.7
5.2
4.8
6.3
6.3

192.4
5.0
34.2
26.6
15.7

187.2
4.3
33.9
25.2
16.1

3.3
2.6
3.0
3.0
2.0

5.5
5.1
5.1
5.0
3.6

5.3
4.5
5.0
4.7
3.7

11.5
1.6
2.2
1.3

14.2
1.9
2.4
1.5

11.0
1.5
2.1
1.1

3.5
3.3
2.5
3.8

4.3
3.9
2.7
4.3

3.5
3.3
2.4
3.1

5,434.7
337.2
193.6
796.9
955.0
746.1
476.6
311.0
219.5

258.6
14.7
9.8
30.3
40.8
28.4
22.3
17.5
11.9

327.0
19.8
13.1
42.2
51.3
34.7
26.2
21.7
14.7

308.7
17.9
12.3
40.6
48.5
32.9
25.3
20.2
12.7

4.8
4.4
5.1
3.8
4.3
3.8
4.7
5.6
5.4

6.0
5.9
6.8
5.3
5.4
4.6
5.6
7.0
6.7

5.7
5.3
6.4
5.1
5.1
4.4
5.3
6.5
5.8

1,534.9
26.6
48.6
496.1
349.9

1,508.9
27.0
47.5
487.0
340.5

79.2
1.2
2.6
22.9
18.4

95.8
1.2
2.9
27.5
21.7

92.7
1.3
2.9
26.2
21.2

5.2
4.4
5.5
4.6
5.3

6.2
4.5
6.0
5.5
6.2

6.1
4.7
6.1
5.4
6.2

1,511.4
150.4
73.4
688.6
144.7

1,546.4
149.4
73.9
715.9
149.7

1,526.3
148.4
74.7
706.8
145.8

77.8
8.8
4.6
29.6
6.7

86.5
8.8
5.7
34.3
7.4

82.6
8.7
5.0
33.9
6.9

5.1
5.8
6.3
4.3
4.6

5.6
5.9
7.7
4.8
5.0

5.4
5.9
6.7
4.8
4.8

5,857.8
331.9
61.3
59.1
134.3
333.0
97.3
224.9
2,433.0
986.1
173.4
360.7
52.1
68.0
60.1
222.7

5,950.0
342.7
63.0
60.0
135.7
339.3
101.5
229.1
2,461.0
1,002.5
175.6
370.5
53.0
68.0
59.7
226.0

5,915.1
339.5
62.2
60.3
136.5
334.8
98.6
227.3
2,447.6
998.0
176.0
365.2
51.9
69.5
59.3
225.9

296.7
16.5
4.2
4.2
6.6
15.6
6.0
8.5
115.0
42.9
8.4
22.6
2.4
3.3
4.5
10.2

384.3
22.5
4.7
5.8
8.8
17.0
8.4
11.0
157.4
56.0
10.4
29.4
3.8
3.8
4.2
12.3

373.3
21.3
4.6
5.4
9.2
16.1
7.9
11.2
153.3
53.2
10.1
28.4
3.4
3.9
4.1
12.4

5.1
5.0
6.8
7.1
4.9
4.7
6.2
3.8
4.7
4.3
4.8
6.3
4.7
4.9
7.4
4.6

6.5
6.6
7.5
9.7
6.5
5.0
8.3
4.8
6.4
5.6
5.9
7.9
7.1
5.6
7.0
5.5

6.3
6.3
7.5
8.9
6.7
4.8
8.0
4.9
6.3
5.3
5.7
7.8
6.6
5.6
6.8
5.5

512.2
164.6
335.5

515.7
160.2
340.2

510.3
161.6
337.3

32.7
12.2
20.4

43.6
15.3
29.0

47.2
16.2
31.3

6.4
7.4
6.1

8.5
9.6
8.5

9.2
10.0
9.3

1,723.5
238.1
242.0
343.9

1,755.9
253.4
251.8
349.2

1,743.7
249.6
247.8
347.6

82.8
8.5
9.7
13.5

103.1
11.8
11.0
17.1

96.7
11.3
10.2
16.0

4.8
3.6
4.0
3.9

5.9
4.7
4.4
4.9

5.5
4.5
4.1
4.6

360.9
41.1
75.5

360.4
41.1
75.0

359.8
40.8
75.4

11.5
1.4
1.7

13.2
1.6
2.0

11.7
1.8
2.0

3.2
3.3
2.3

3.7
3.9
2.7

3.2
4.3
2.6

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991^

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,671.5
440.6
123.0
462.0
44.1
53.6
1,401.3
4,004.4
3,333.0
135.1
129.1
509.4
324.6
138.2

8,614.0
442.0
118.5
464.8
42.4
55.6
1,391.5
3,954.4
3,279.0
135.9
127.9
508.9
324.4
137.9

8,557.3
432.7
118.1
458.7
42.0
51.6
1,379.2
3,951.1
3,292.0
134.0
126.5
506.2
324.3
135.6

473.4
14.7
4.4
20.6
2.1
2.6
57.0
287.8
264.0
6.0
3.9
17.1
11.5
5.1

621.4
23.6
6.6
29.6
2.5
3.6
88.7
341.5
306.0
9.2
6.3
23.5
18.6
8.6

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ...
Raleigh-Durham

3,396.9
93.9
648.2
516.0
418.1

3,514.4
97.0
666.8
532.2
431.7

3,529.6
95.8
676.6
533.6
434.6

110.4
2.4
19.3
15.3
8.5

324.5
47.5
88.2
35.3

326.1
48.9
88.8
35.4

317.6
47.2
87.6
35.7

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

5,435.9
335.8
193.6
790.3
958.0
739.5
477.3
312.9
220.9

5,429.1
333.5
194.1
800.2
955.3
747.2
471.4
307.8
219.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

1,526.4
26.9
48.0
492.8
345.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ...
Medford
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Sept.
1991p

Sept.
1990

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

See footnotes at end of table.




119

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

State and area
Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,409.8
212.7
220.5
288.6
479.5
535.4

2,416.6
213.3
223.5
285.9
477.2
540.2

2,420.7
213.5
224.4
286.1
478.7
540.9

124.9
10.2
10.2
12.4
22.9
22.8

150.3
12.2
11.5
15.4
26.6
26.2

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,490.7
51.3
97.1
442.4
167.2
87.7
104.4
62.2
165.3
1,440.5
252.5
738.3
110.5
1,744.9
97.2
52.9
79.8
116.4
156.9
47.7
51.2
43.9
606.6
47.4
56.7
74.5
35.7
93.7
55.2

8,545.2
49.3
95.8
436.5
172.8
89.7
108.7
59.7
170.5
1,448.2
252.8
742.7
112.5
1,769.4
97.4
51.8
79.0
116.0
152.9
48.7
53.2
43.0
601.7
47.1
56.6
74.0
36.7
91.8
55.1

8,524.8
50.8
95.6
444.9
172.7
89.6
106.1
61.0
168.5
1,443.6
251.7
738.5
110.9
1,759.4
96.8
51.7
78.4
115.0
154.6
48.3
53.1
43.8
602.1
47.1
56.2
74.0
36.8
92.6
54.8

525.6
3.3
5.0
20.9
12.3
5.0
12.0
2.2
11.7
77.5
27.8
38.0
8.1
95.3
6.9
4.9
5.7
5.8
26.8
2.7
3.0
2.5
43.3
2.5
3.5
4.9
1.8
5.7
3.6

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

808.2
122.5
520.2

818.9
126.8
518.2

816.0
124.7
525.3

Vermont
Burlington

306.4
76.9

308.8
76.4

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,217.4
72.4
52.5
75.1
631.3
464.8
125.4

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

151.2
11.9
12.1
15.0
27.4
27.1

5.2
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.8
4.3

6.2
5.7
5.2
5.4
5.6
4.9

6.2
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.7
5.0

540.7
2.7
4.5
21.0
13.2
5.0
12.9
2.0
13.0
84.4
25.5
48.0
7.6
99.1
6.3
4.1
6.1
6.6
23.2
2.8
3.5
2.3
38.0
2.9
4.4
4.6
1.8
5.9
3.6

546.6
3.4
4.6
20.9
12.7
4.9
12.3
2.2
13.0
86.8
25.6
47.6
7.2
100.8
6.5
4.2
6.0
6.2
24.9
2.6
3.6
2.4
37.5
2.9
4.3
4.7
1.8
5.7
3.5

6.2
6.4
5.1
4.7
7.4
5.7
11.5
3.5
7.1
5.4
11.0
5.1
7.3
5.5
7.1
9.4
7.2
5.0
17.1
5.6
5.9
5.7
7.1
5.2
6.2
6.5
5.0
6.0
6.6

6.3
5.5
4.7
4.8
7.6
5.5
11.9
3.3
7.6
5.8
10.1
6.5
6.8
5.6
6.5
8.0
7.7
5.7
15.2
5.7
6.7
5.3
6.3
6.2
7.8
6.2
4.9
6.5
6.6

6.4
6.6
4.9
4.7
7.3
5.4
11.6
3.6
7.7
6.0
10.2
6.4
6.5
5.7
6.7
8.2
7.6
5.4
16.1
5.4
6.8
5.4
6.2
6.2
7.6
6.3
4.8
6.2
6.4

31.3
3.8
19.5

43.0
5.8
27.2

40.2
5.6
26.2

3.9
3.1
3.8

5.2
4.5
5.2

4.9
4.5
5.0

306.2
77.1

14.4
2.7

16.1
3.0

15.4
2.8

4.7
3.5

5.2
3.9

5.0
3.7

3,339.1
72.9
53.9
76.5
650.4
483.9
130.7

3,329.5
74.8
54.1
76.4
644.7
481.9
130.3

142.4
2.3
3.6
3.7
32.4
20.1
4.8

178.1
3.1
4.5
4.2
37.3
25.2
6.3

172.3
2.9
4.1
4.3
36.3
24.7
6.0

4.4
3.1
6.8
5.0
5.1
4.3
3.8

5.3
4.2
8.3
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.8

5.2
3.9
7.5
5.7
5.6
5.1
4.6

2,452.8
1,095.5

2,479.9
1,112.3

2,480.9
1,111.2

97.1
35.0

133.2
46.7

133.9
49.7

4.0
3.2

5.4
4.2

5.4
4.5

772.3
119.3
130.4
72.8
70.8

787.0
121.1
134.7
73.7
71.8

776.7
119.8
132.9
73.3
71.6

71.7
8.5
8.6
5.4
3.8

82.3
9.7
12.6
5.4
4.6

74.0
8.8
12.4
5.0
4.6

9.3
7.1
6.6
7.5
5.3

10.5
8.0
9.3
7.3
6.4

9.5
7.3
9.3
6.8
6.4

2,615.4
176.4
71.3
112.9
73.4
53.6
52.1
231.2
759.8
89.2
58.8
63.6

2,643.9
179.7
72.4
106.3
76.6
54.2
51.9
233.8
765.2
92.6
61.3
66.7

2,600.4
176.5
72.3
112.7
73.0
54.8
52.1
230.7
755.4
89.7
60.2
65.1

95.9
6.3
2.7
4.1
3.2
2.6
1.4
5.1
27.8
3.6
2.1
2.2

118.9
7.1
3.2
4.2
7.4
2.6
1.9
6.3
33.5
5.1
2.7
3.3

125.8
7.9
3.4
5.1
6.4
3.2
2.4
6.9
35.7
5.0
2.9
3.2

3.7
3.6
3.8
3.7
4.3
4.9
2.6
2.2
3.7
4.0
3.6
3.5

4.5
4.0
4.5
3.9
9.6
4.8
3.6
2.7
4.4
5.5
4.4
5.0

4.8
4.5
4.7
4.5
8.8
5.8
4.5
3.0
4.7
5.6
4.7
4.9

246.3
31.7

247.6
30.8

244.7
31.4

11.6
1.8

9.5
1.5

12.1
1.9

4.7
5.7

3.8
4.8

5.0
6.2

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1990 have been
benchmarked to 1990 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the

120



Sept.
1990

Aug.
1991

Sept.
1991?

11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1991 are
provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
publication.

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry
attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers from
a sample of about 60,000 households, representing 729 areas
in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with coverage in
50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected
are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar
week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly
hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 350,000 establishments employing over 41 million nonfarm wage and salary
workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time,
who receive pay during the payroll period which includes
the 12th day of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be
reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural
industries is included. The payroll survey covers only
wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm
establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment
Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures.hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
121

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.

Earnings

Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics
Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are
counted more than once if they work on more than one farm
during the reporting period. There are also wide differences
in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for
unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training
Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons
who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who
have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance
systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and
religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family .
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment

122



COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business
establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are
different treatment of business units considered parts of an
establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments,
and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial
classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is
incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are covered
by the unemployment insurance programs. However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial schools,
and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance
whereas these are included in the BLS establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the
employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor
force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the
Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS).
A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the
Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published in Labor force Statistics Derived
From the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2307.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are
interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment," are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
of between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 60,000 occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average
month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise
not enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.
The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample
to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to
be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise




operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons
classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
123

efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period
preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those
persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called
back to a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were
waiting to report to a new job within 30 days. Jobseekers are
grouped by the methods used to seek work, including going
to a public or private employment agency or to an employer
directly, seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing
or answering ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples
of the ' 'other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number
unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including
members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within
the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin,
marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation
rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sex-age
groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio
is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or that
no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
124




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would
not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969,
these questions were asked in those households entering the
sample for the first time and those returning for the second
4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are c l a s s e d according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited
to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual
status at their present job (either full or part time) and by
their reason for working part time during the survey week
(economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or
equipment, start or termination of a job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons
include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,
demands of home or school, no desire for full-time work,
and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons on
full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35
hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for
noneconomic reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part t i m e that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status;
and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "parttime labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that:
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the
household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin




may be of any race; thus they are included in both the white
and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and
women are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served
in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed
to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job. '
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the
median. The medians as shown in this publication are
calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval
within which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were reported as
members of the same household even though one may be
temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a
hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are
married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,
spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because
of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart
because either the husband or the wife was employed and
living away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or
had a different place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing
unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single
room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended
for occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married coupje or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

125

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder.
Families are classified either as married-couple families or as
families maintained by women or men without spouses. A
family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income
residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and
conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist
of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; (2) other territories,
incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various
series, see "New Definitions for Employment and
126



Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data
from the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total
employment, and agricultural employment were increased
by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and men; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2)
Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and
about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase
was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in
1962, the introduction of data from the 1960 census reduced
the population by about 50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually
unchanged. (4) Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970
census was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjustment based on
the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected the white and black-and-other groups
but had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white population and an increase of the
same magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian
labor force and total employment figures were affected to
a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by
150,000, and the black-and-other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974 issue
of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.

Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor
force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample
had race determined by the household respondent. The new
procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only
for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for
the total United States. The reasoning behind the change and
an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates
used in the second-stage estimation procedure are derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases in
total population and estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series
were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series.
The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users should
make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in
estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.




Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall,
the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The
greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin.
Major estimates were revised back to January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal
foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a result,
the total civilian population and labor force estimates were
raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased
by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population
and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and
305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by 270,000.
Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were
not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the
adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to
January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the
changes and their effect on estimates of labor force
characteristics appears in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this publication.
Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate
cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of very
small cells occurring and to be more consistent with published
age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no effect on
national estimates.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity
or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order
to determine more precisely the occupational classification
of individuals. As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be
made between 1971-72 and prior years nor between those
2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
For a further explanation of the changes in the occupational
classification system, see "Revisions in Occupational
Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972
issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings.
127

Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial
classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
from the Standard Occupational Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (Sic), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most
notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of
farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade,
postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample
estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally.
In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in which
a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the sample
for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for another 4
months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three
more sample areas were added to account for the population
in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major
portion of the sample from census address lists was begun,
though a portion of the sample is still collected using area
sampling. Following the 1970 census, the ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous cluster of six
housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing
units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia
128




and designed to provide more reliable annual average
estimates for States, was incorporated into the design. In
October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed
of approximately 450 sample household units which
represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000
new construction housing units, was included in computing
the estimates in order to provide coverage of mobile homes
and new construction units that previously had no chance
for selection in the CPS sample selected from the 1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental sample
of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District
of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was
selected based on 1980 cenus information, providing an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design and
increase the reliability for State estimates. Sample households
are chosen from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973
geographic areas in the United States. This current number
of sample areas is not completely comparable to the old
number of sample areas since many of the sample areas have
been redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May 1984 issue of
Employment and Earnings, for an overview of these new
definitions and the introduction of the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented
in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month
period, April-November 1989.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey:
Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau
of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents.
The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from
each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the
person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of
the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
Nov. 1989 to present3

Number of sample
areas

68
230
1
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729

Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.

obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within
each combination of sample areas there is a further
breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized
by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural." The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to
further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to
some extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial
census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State and the District
of Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 38 and 24 agesex groups respectively; the other races category has 4 agesex cells. The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is
iterated six times, each time beginning at the weights
developed the previous time. This ensures that the sample
estimates of the population for both State and national agesex-race-origin categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure incorporates changes instituted in January
1985 and August 1989. The nature and effect of the 1985
changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employment
and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as
a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of
this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For
a description of the methodology used in developing the State
total, see Report 957 of that series. A description of the age

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas.
Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas
which represent only themselves. The adjustment is made
at the State level for each of the 43 States which contains
nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The
procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell
at the time of the 1980 census between the race distribution
of the population in sample areas and the known race distribution of the State.




129

estimates methodology is available in Report 1010 of that
series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These
Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980
census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic
births and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic
deaths and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic
population by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued in the preparation of the independent national controls used for the age-sex-race groups in the third step of
the second-stage ratio estimation procedure. These controls
were prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census data after
taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births,
deaths, and net migration and then subtracting the estimate
for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985, the "inflation-deflation" method
of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced
into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflationdeflation" method, the independent controls are prepared
by inflating the 1980 census counts to include estimated
undercounts by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births
and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These post-censal
population estimates are then deflated to census level to
reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method.
Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the
method is important since the exact amount of undercount
in the 1980 census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for
the resident population made by the National Center for
Health Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel
overseas from the Department of Defense. Estimates of net
civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Department of
Defense, the Office of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board. The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas. The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived
from the 1980 census to the total population, including Armed
Forces overseas for the estimate date. All computations
described above are performed in cells defined by single year
of age, race, and sex. The independent national control totals
are then obtained by collapsing these cells into broader age
groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls.
130



For the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented
immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition,
an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreignborn residents has been incorporated into the post-censal
population estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of
these changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the
Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey
Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for
a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used
which takes account of net changes from the previous month
for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as
the sample results for the current month. Also included is
an additional term which is an estimate of the net difference
between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's
sample. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change are
improved by this procedure, and most estimates of level are
also improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the
sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of
some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but
do not measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as
discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the
interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording
or coding the data, errors made in processing the data,
errors made in estimating values for missing data, and failure
to represent all sample households and all persons within

sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various sources of
error as well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is
inspected through reinterview at regular intervals. The results
indicate, among other things, that the data published from
the CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger
for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-race-origin
population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However,
biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed
households have different characteristics than interviewed
persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group. Further, the
independent population controls used have not been adjusted
for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology,
Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last document includes a comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors, and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated




standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals,
ranges that would include the average of all possible samples
with a known probability. For example, if all possible
samples were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated error were
calculated from each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2 standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable
to a large number of estimates and could be prepared at a
moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors are computed for various types of characteristics. This
generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard
errors. Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided
give an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard
error of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates
and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent
months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and month-tomonth change for percentages. Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for
estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the
characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard
errors for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of

131

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

change between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change
for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H,
and I to compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor
force participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard
errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period, they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for
use with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical . . . .
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective

132



.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or
percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage
is based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more
reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly
percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.

The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator of
the percentage are in different categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of
a total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in
agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H
(0.08 percent). The appropriate factor from table I for the
numerator of the percentage, agricultural employment, is
1.26. The generalized standard error on the estimated 2.9
percent is then approximately 0.08x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages may be obtained by using table J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for estimates
of change are more closely related to the level of the estimate
than to the size of the specific change. Thus, to obtain the
standard error of an estimate of an average level, rate, or

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
(Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10 000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_
_
-

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
_
-

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74
_
-

_
_
-

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_
_
_
-

12
16
32
35
_
_
_
_
_
-

Tntel
nr
I Uldl \J\
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
_
_
-

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47
_
_
_
_
_
-

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

133

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50
100....
500 . . . .
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
1
2

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate, or
percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate
estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by
treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the
procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor
from table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent,
based on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force,
and that a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0
percent, based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor
force for the month. First, the standard error on the average
of the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
134




Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

Total or white, Black, 16 to
16 to 19 years
19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65

12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59

14
19
37
39

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the correlation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of
quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons
(total, white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white,
and black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics
are 0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number
had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation in
the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate
of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is 221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the 2,000,000
year-to-year change is:
(216,000) 2

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000) 2

-2(0.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
10,000
20,000
60,000
100,000
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

2 28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3 20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4 98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6 85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8 13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9 09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9 82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

10 36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10 75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11 12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

35

50

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
10,000
20,000
60,000
100,000
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

15
9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
. .17
.15

20

25

30

35

50

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03

_
-

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1,000 . . .
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . .
6,000 . . .
10,000 . .
20,000 . .
40,000 . .
60,000 . .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000 .

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
* .06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

Jt
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70 35 or 65
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




135

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time labor force

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50

.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total .
Part time

. . .
...

136




..

.

Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10
50
75
100
150
200
250
300
500
750
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
5,000
7,500
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
21
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85

137

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment, hours, and earnings in nonfarm establishments, by industry and geographic location. Historical
statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and Earnings,
United States, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States
and Areas, and their supplements.
Federal-State cooperation
Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series.
This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments,
and, together with the use of similar estimating techniques
at the national and State levels, promotes increased comparability between estimates.
Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure
assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been
reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total
number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments and, for most industries, employment,
payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the
12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
138



industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual, Office of Management and Budget. The BLS
tabulates and estimates statistics which distinguish between
private and public establishments, thus maintaining continuity
with previously published statistics for the private and
government sector.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments,
employment figures represent the number of persons who
occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series
(three-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 three-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component

industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers
above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing
employment. The margin between the percent that increased
and the percent that decreased is equal to the difference
between the index and its complement, i.e., 100 minus the
index. For example, an index of 65 percent means that 30
percent more industries had increasing employment than had
decreasing employment (65-( 100-65)=30). However, for
dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from
the 50-percent reference point is the most significant
observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group
leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of




any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance,
Group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also
included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation, and sick
leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and
paid regularly each pay period); other pay not earned in the
pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value
of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types
of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the
employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for
holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the
pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend
and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums
were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard,
incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are
excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an
employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition,
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in
the same direction from month to month. Such factors as
work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not
have the same influence on overtime hours as on average
hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may
be caused by a marked change in hours for a component
139

industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the
previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors
as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings
for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series
is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series
include lump-sum payments made to production workers in
lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate
the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads
(excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on
140



monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees
except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group
I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by
dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a
weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but
also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees
are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are
calculated from the earnings averages for the current month
using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The 'link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these "link relatives." In addition, bias correction factors are applied to most employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the

sample link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other
features of the general procedures are described in table L.

a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region
within an industry.

Size and regional stratification

Benchmark adjustments

A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or
earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole industry or

Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonfarm industries, and appropriate adjustments are
made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1989 levels. Benchmark adjustments are
made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees....

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours . . .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours . . .

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings . . .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings...

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours . . .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours . . .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings . . .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings...

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

141

employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State
agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonfarm payrolls in the United
States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from
the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in
private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry
is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1990 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Normally, data for all months since the last benchmark
to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision.
Revised data are published as soon as possible after each
benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of
establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to
the average size of establishments. Under this type of design,
large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The
size of the sample for the various industries is determined
empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few
establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
Table M. Comparison of nonfarm employment benchmarks and
estimates for March 1990

included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial
number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual
establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally
show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries,
these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally
produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries
and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the
reference period, and, at a somewhat late date, statistics in
considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry
division covered by the group of establishments furnishing
monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions
shown.
Reliability

(Numbers in thousands)
Difference
Industry

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government

142



Benchmark

Estimate
Level

Percent

109,114
692
4,865
19,160

109,343
715
4,906
19,109

-229
-23
-41
51

-0.2
-3.3
- .8
.3

5,735
6,167
19,302

5,750
6,326
19,361

-15
-159
-59

-.3
-2.6
-.3

6,681
27,944
18,568

6,774
27,866
18,536

-93
78
32

-1.4
.3
.2

Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates
derived from it may differ from the figures that would be
obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using
the same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's
estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and

Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1990
Sample coverage1
Industry

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Benchmarks Number of
(thousands) establishments

Employees
Number
Percent of
(thousands) benchmarks

109,114

289,390

40,714

37

692
4,865
19,160

3,314
26,593
52,304

279
963
9,236

40
20
48

5,735
6,167
19,302

214,686
25,029
57,331

2,370
1,153
4,214

41
19
22

6,681
27,944

21,395
66,947

2,110
6,506

32
23

3,082
4,386
11,100

(3)
5,175
16,616

3,082
3,498
7,303

100
80
66

2

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of employment for Class I railroads. A small sample is used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national estimates
are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry
estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal
employment, are based on a sample of 6,000 reports covering about 58 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O
presents the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed
descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available
from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader
groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
relative errors of the estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE

Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government3

Average
benchmark
revision in
employment
estimates1

Relative error2
Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

.3
2.6
1.3
.7
.6
.9
.6
1.5
.5

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4

.6
.4
.3

.2
.4

.4
.6

0.2

=

v

(standard deviation)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that
an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings

1

The average percent revision in employment for the 1986-90 benchmarks.
2
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
3
Data for government are based on a total count for Federal Government
provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State and
local government reports.

response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual
establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes




(bias)2

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
1
2

Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates1
2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

Relative error2
(in percent)
Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

143

the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with
BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Defini-

tions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national
estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error of—

Root-mean-square error of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

Total

77,500

78,300

Total private

60,600

58,900

Goods-producing industries

20,700

20,900

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

3,400
2,800

3,000
2,500

Construction
General building contractors

12,800
5,300

13,600
5,500

Manufacturing

14,100

14,400

12,200
2,100
1,500
1,400
3,800

11,600
1,900
1,400
1,400
3,300

2,600
2,200

2,300
2,100

3,900

3,300

4,100
6,800
5,700
2,000
1,700

3,800
6,600
6,100
2,100
1,600

7,500
5,100
1,000
1,900

7,600
4,600
900
1,700

3,300
1,700

3,300
1,500

Industry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

2,000
2,600
1,200

1,900
2,800
1,100

1,600
1,300

1,600
1,200

70,600

69,600

12,800
10,500
5,000

11,600
9,000
4,500

7,200
5,000
4,500

6,200
4,200
3,900

34,300
20,700
6,300

28,600
18,500
5,500

4,200
8,200

5,000
6,400

7,500
4,300
3,600
4,000

6,400
3,900
3,100
3,600

Services
Business services
Health services

31,300
12,100
8,200

32,800
11,800
7,900

Government
Federal
State
Local

54,200
17,500
20,700
36,300

48,000
14,000
17,200
36,800

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products ..
Petroleum and coal products .. .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products .. .
Service-producing industries

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery
and equipment
Electronic and other
electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing....
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products

Transportation and public utilities . . . .
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate . .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1985 through December 1990. Data used in the computations for several industries are not strictly
comparable due to changes in the industrial classification system.

144



Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment and household survey labor input data and from measures of compensation and outpiit supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal
Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments (table C-9) refer to hours paid for all
employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers,
and salaried workers. For productivity and cost measures
(tables C-10, 11), hours of all persons include hours of
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. Labor
input is measured by hours at the work site.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons (productivity) measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per hour at work.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of
employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by
dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, capital consump-

tion allowances, interest, rental income of persons, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current-dollar
gross product originating in the sector and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constantdollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index
for gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less general
government, households and institutions, owner-occupied
housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business. All measures are
seasonally adjusted.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of
* Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear
in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS Bulletin
2178. Additional information may be obtained from the
Office of Productivity and Technology (202-523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table




D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal
economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in
States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and
is available in microfiche form only, on a subscription basis.
145

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
) Unemployment Statistics.''
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the ui claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
146



an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two
large sub-State areas—New York City and the Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly from
the CPS. Estimates for all other sub-State areas, more than
2,600 labor market areas (LMA'S), are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based onCES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State UI laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA'S
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical

relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)




are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonally),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning
in June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are calculated and published twice a year. Revisions of
historical data will continue to be made once a year,
coincident with benchmark revisions.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally
adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index)
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and
147

multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory
workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing
by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number of
series characterized by small seasonal components relative to
their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These failed or
unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however, are used in
the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal
Service. The number of temporary census workers for the

148




decennial census, however, are removed prior to the
calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS has developed an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow
it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence
or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter. This extension was
also used for the seasonal adjustment of many of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours and manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the computation of the
projected factors for the period beginning in April 1990.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series based
on the experience through March 1991, new seasonal
adjustment factors for May-October 1991, and a description
of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the
June 1991 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

REGION I—BOSTON
1 Congress Street
10th Floor
Boston, MA 02114
Phone: (617) 565-2327
REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION Ill-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215)596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312)353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIII—
KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 193766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415) 744-6600




Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

BLS
Region

IV

VIII MONTANA

X
IX
VI
IX

VIII
I

III

III

IV

IV

IX

X
V
V

VII
VII
IV

VI

I

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

ALABAMA

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
ALASKA
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
ARKANSAS
Employment Security Department.
P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981
CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd.
Wethersfield 06109
DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
DIST. OF COL.
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
ILLINOIS..
Departmept of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
MAINP
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
VII NEBRASKA
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harrisburg 17121
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th FL, 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VIII WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602