Full text of Employment and Earnings : November 1989

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
November 1989




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Subscription price
per year $25 domestic and $31.25 foreign. Single copy
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$14 domestic and $17.50 foreign. Prices are subject to
change by the U.S. Government Printing Office.

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation

Jan.
Jan.
Jan., Feb.

Revised seasonally adjusted series
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:

Correspondence concerning subscriptions, including address changes and missing issues, should be sent to the
Superintendent of Documents. Phone (202) 275-3054.
Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959.

Industry divisions (preliminary)
Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
new seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement 1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

ISSN 0013-6840




State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1989.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 36

No. 11

November 1989

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, October 1989
New seasonal adjustment factors for the establishment data series

2
5
6

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

12
49
87

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

15

50
68
90
112
119

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




42
62
109
116
125

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8
A- 9
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.

12
13
14
15
18
19
20
22
23
24

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-ll.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex. ..
...
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment .
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment .
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .

25
26
27
28
29
29
30
31
32
32

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex .
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex . .
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation . .
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status .
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status .
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status . . . .
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.

33
34
35
36
37
37
38
38
39
40
41

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
...
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
...
...
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

42
43
44
45
46
46
47
47
48
48

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry ..
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted . . . .
...
...
...
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted.
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted .

49
50
61
62
63
64
65

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry .

68

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
...
...
...
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted . . . . .
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

87
90
106
107
108
109
110
Ill

Hours and Earnings-States and areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas.

112

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
...
...
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

116
117
118

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

119




Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and iinemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

November

December 8

February

March 9

December

January 5

March

April 6

January

February 2

April

May 4

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, October 1989

Nonfarm payroll employment rose moderately in October
and unemployment was unchanged. The overall jobless rate
remained at 5.2 percent, and the civilian worker rate remained
at 5.3 percent.
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls, as
measured by the survey of business establishments, rose by
235,000, with most of the growth occurring in government
and services. Total civilian employment, as measured by the
survey of households, was essentially unchanged.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, at 6.6 million, and
the civilian worker unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were
unchanged in October. Both measures have shown little
movement since September 1988. The unemployment rate
for adult men edged down to 4.5 percent in October, and
that for adult women edged up to 4.7 percent, returning both
rates to about their August values. Jobless rates were essentially unchanged for teenagers (14.9 percent), whites (4.4
percent), blacks (11.8 percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent).
(See tables A-33 and A-34.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Total civilian employment was about unchanged in October, at a seasonally adjusted level of 117.5 million.
Although employment has changed little since June, it is
about 2 million higher than a year earlier. The employmentpopulation ratio, at 62.9 percent in October, has also changed
little over the past several months, but is well above last
October's 62.4 percent. (See table A-33.)
The seasonally adjusted civilian labor force was unchanged
in October, at 124.1 million, and has shown no growth since
June. The civilian labor force participation rate, 66.4 percent, remained at the September level. (See table A-33.)

after falling sharply in the prior month. However, employment
in durable goods continued to decline. This was led by a drop
of 15,000 jobs in the auto industry; since January, employment in that industry has decreased by 50,000. Employment
in fabricated metal products and electrical equipment also continued to trend downward. An over-the-month decline in the
machinery industry primarily reflected a strike. In contrast,
there were small over-the-month employment gains in several
nondurable goods industries. Jobs in the oil and gas extraction component of the mining industry continued to edge up,
while the number of construction jobs was about unchanged.
In the service-producing sector, the largest over-the-month
gain occurred in local government (95,000), primarily in
local education. Another major component of the overall increase was the services industry itself, where employment
rose by 85,000, partly reflecting continued strong gains in
health services. Employment in the transportation industry
rose by 25,000 in October, while the number of wholesale
and retail trade jobs was little changed over the month.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged up by 0.1
hour in October to 34.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. However,
the manufacturing workweek, at 40.8 hours, was down 0.3
hour; this was due in part to declines in the aircraft industry,
where a strike affected hours at work but not the employment
counts (because the strike started after the pay period began).
Factory overtime was unchanged at 3.8 hours. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased by 0.5 percent to 129.4 (1977 = 100), after seasonal
adjustment. The index for manufacturing fell 0.6 percent to
95.3. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings

Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased by
235,000 in October to 109.3 million, seasonally adjusted.
Employment growth continued in the service-producing
sector, while the number of goods-producing jobs was unchanged over the month, following a sharp decline in
September. (See table B-4.) Within the goods sector, factory
employment was little changed in October at 19.5 million,




Average hourly earnings of private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory workers increased 0.7 percent in
October, seasonally adjusted, while average weekly earnings rose by 1 percent. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average
hourly earnings increased by 6 cents to $9.83 and average
weekly earnings, at $343.07, were up $3.07. Over the year,
both average hourly and weekly earnings increased 4 percent. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

New Seasonal Adjustment Factors for
the Establishment Data Series

*Fred R. Cronkhite
Prior to 1989, the Bureau of Labor Statistics computed
and published factors once a year for use in the seasonal adjustment of the establishment-based employment, hours, and
earnings data for all months of the year. The new standard
practice, initiated earlier this year, is to compute and publish
factors twice a year for these data. Factors for April to
September 1989 were published in the June 1989 issue of
Employment and Earnings. Factors released with this issue
are for the period October 1989 to March 1990. Historical
seasonally adjusted data for all series will continue to be
revised and published on an annual basis, with the release
of the March benchmark levels.
The seasonal adjustment factors provided herein were
derived using data through September 1989. The factors for
all published series are shown in tables 1 through 6. For a
small number of series characterized by a small seasonal
component relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components, seasonally adjusted data are not published. These
series are identified in tables 2, 4, and 6.
Seasonal adjustment factors for all establishment-based




series are computed using the X-ll ARIMA procedure. A
general description of this procedure can be found in the
January 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings in an article entitled "Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force
Series." Additional information on the establishment series
can be found in the June issue of this publication in the
article "BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to March 1988
Benchmarks."
Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied to
the component levels, which for published series are generally at the 2-digit industry level in manufacturing and at the
major division level elsewhere. Seasonally adjusted totals for
many series are obtained either by arithmetic aggregation
or by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted
data for the component series.

* Fred R. Cronkhite is Chief of the Branch of National Benchmarks in
the Division of Monthly Industry Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.

Table 1. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1990

1989
Industry

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

101.2
100.9

101.0
101.1

100.2
101.1

98.4
99.9

97.8
98.7

98.2
98.5

104.8
104.2

102.6
102.5

98.8
100.0

91.9
93.8

90.1
91.9

92.1
93.3

101.4
100.9
101.3
99.8
99.4
100.6
99.8
100.4
100.1
100.3
99.9
102.3

100.2
101.2
100.7
100.1
99.7
100.6
99.9
100.5
100.7
101.1
100.1
101.9

98.9
101.0
99.0
100.2
100.0
100.6
100.3
100.6
101.0
101.6
100.4
99.7

96.9
100.3
96.6
100.1
100.0
99.8
100.1
100.2
99.9
99.0
99.9
97.6

97.0
100.1
96.2
100.0
99.7
99.7
100.2
99.8
100.1
99.9
99.8
98.6

97.4
99.9
97.7

102.7
106.0
100.4
100.8
100.2
99.9
99.9
100.8
100.2
101.2

101.1
103.3
100.4
100.6
100.2
100.4
99.8
100.2
100.2
101.4

99.4
106.1
100.2
99.9
100.2
100.5
99.7
98.8
100.2
100.2

97.2
104.6
99.6
99.2
99.5
99.9
99.4
97.9
99.7
98.9

96.7
101.8
99.8
100.1
99.3
100.0
99.5
97.3
100.0
99.2

96.6
98.0
99.8
100.3
99.5
100.1
99.7
98.0
100.2
99.4

Transportation and public utilities1
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

101.4
99.9

101.2
99.9

101.4
99.8

98.5
99.5

98.3
99.4

98.7
99.5

Wholesale trade1
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

100.1
100.8

100.0
100.4

100.0
100.1

99.5
98.8

99.4
98.7

99.6
99.0

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places

100.2
100.5
100.2
100.3
100.1

101.5
106.6
101.1
99.8
99.4

103.2
112.1
102.1
99.5
99.4

98.5
102.7
99.5
98.8
95.2

97.4
97.1
99.0
98.6
95.8

97.9
96.4
98.8
99.0
97.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate1
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

99.6
99.8
100.0

99.7
99.9
99.2

99.9
100.0
98.9

99.8
99.8
96.3

99.7
99.9
96.2

99.8
99.9
97.1

Services
Business services
Health services

100.4
101.0
100.0

99.9
100.6
99.9

99.6
100.5
99.9

98.2
98.3
99.7

98.9
98.3
99.8

99.6
98.9
99.9

99.5
102.5
101.3

99.6
103.0
102.7

100.0
102.1
102.1

99.4
99.1
100.4

99.5
102.2
102.0

99.8
102.7
102.5

Total

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

1

Mining

Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing1
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures2
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical2
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

100.2
100.0

99.7
100.2

99.6
100.0
100.0

99.9
99.5

Nondurable goods1

Food and kindred products2
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

Government1
Federal

State
Local
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted




series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

Table 2. Seasonal adjustment factors for women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1989

1990

Industry
Oct.
Total

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

1

99.8

99.8

100.3

99.2

98.9

99.6

101.2

100.7

99.7

97.6

97.1

97.8

101.0
100.6
100.2
100.2
100.6
99.7
100.8
100.1
99.9
103.8

99.6
101.1

99.0
101.2
99.8
99.9
100.5
100.2
100.8
100.6
100.4

97.8
100.5
98.6

98.4
100.4
99.1
100.2

99.8
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.0

97.6
100.2
98.5
99.8
99.6
100.2

100.1

99.7
100.0
100.0

99.5

96.5

97.8

99.5
99.8
99.9
99.1

104.5
109.6
100.4
100.8
100.5
99.8
100.0
(3)
100.5
101.8

102.0
106.6
100.5
100.6
100.6
100.3
99.7
(3)
100.5
101.7

99.5
107.7
100.1
99.9
100.2
100.3
99.5
(3)
100.5

95.6
105.3
99.3
99.3
98.7
99.9
99.2

102.9
99.5
100.3
98.4
99.9

Transportation and public utilities

100.8

100.6

Wholesale trade

100.8

100.7

Retail trade

100.5

102.4

99.7

99.8

Services

100.4

100.1

Government1
Federal
State
Local

99.5
102.6
102.4

Mining
2

Construction .
1

Manufacturing

Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

99.9
100.3
100.7
99.9
100.9
100.5
100.2
102.9

99.6

99.7

1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products2
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

Finance, insurance, and real estate

1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.




99.6
103.2
104.1

99.9
100.6
100.6
104.6
100.0
100.0
99.8
102.4
103.2

95.2

(3)
100.0
98.6

99.3
(3)
99.9
98.8

99.6

99.5

99.4

99.4

98.7

97.1

99.5

99.5

98.9

99.6

99.2
99.6
101.6

99.4
102.7
103.3

94.9
96.9
99.8
100.5
98.9
100.1

99.5
(3)
100.2

99.0
99.7
99.5
97.5
99.7
100.1
99.7
103.0
103.8

3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficent precision.

Table 3. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
1990

1989
Industry

Jan.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mining

101.6

101.8

100.8

98.1

97.4

97.7

Construction

106.2

103.3

98.5

89.7

87.9

90.2

Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical3
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

101.4
101.0
101.6
99.9
98.6
100.8
99.8
100.8
100.1
100.5
99.8
102.9

100.2
101.4
100.8
100.2
98.9
100.8
100.0
100.9
101.0
101.6
100.2
102.6

98.9
101.3
98.8
100.2
99.3
100.6
100.4
100.9
101.4
102.0
100.5
99.4

96.6
100.5
95.9
100.1
99.7
99.7
100.3
100.4
100.1
99.1
99.8
96.7

96.8
100.2
95.5
99.9
99.6
99.6
100.3
99.9
100.5
99.9
99.9
98.2

97.1
100.1

97.3
100.3
100.4
99.7
100.5
99.5
100.2
100.2
100.0
99.2

Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

103.6
107.7
100.3
100.9
100.2
99.8
99.7
101.5
100.2
101.4

101.5
104.9
100.3
100.8
100.2
100.5
99.5
100.3
100.4
101.5

99.2
108.3
100.0
99.8
100.2
100.8
99.6
98.5
100.3
100.0

96.3
105.8
99.6
99.1
99.4
99.9
99.1
97.0
99.6
98.9

95.9
102.6
99.7
100.1
99.3
99.9
99.6
96.2
100.1
99.2

95.7
97.6
99.9
100.5
99.5
100.1
99.8
97.1
100.4
99.1

Transportation and public utilities

100.9

100.8

100.9

98.8

98.6

98.9

Wholesale trade

100.4

100.2

100.0

99.0

98.9

99.2

Retail trade

100.4

101.6

103.5

98.4

97.2

97.7

99.7

99.6

99.8

98.8

98.7

99.0

100.4

99.9

99.6

98.0

98.9

99.6

Feb.

Mar.

Total private2

2

Manufacturing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
3
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

Table 4. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1990

1989
Industry

Total private

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

100.5
101.7
101.3
99.8
99.3
100.2
99.9
100.2
100.2
100.2
99.9
101.1

99.4
101.1
100.3
100.5
100.1
101.0
100.6
101.1
101.2
101.3
100.9
101.3

100.3
102.9
99.7
101.4
101.0
102.2
102.3
102.5
101.7
101.7
102.1
101.7

98.4
99.1
97.8
100.2
100.0
100.3
100.3
100.6
100.3
100.1
100.3
99.6

100.7
(3)
100.5
100.5
100.2
100.3
99.7
(3)
100.2
100.5

100.9
(3)

99.5
(3)
99.3
99.3
100.1
99.3
100.1
(3)
100.4

98.2

(3)
100.7
100.0

101.4
(3)
101.1
101.0
101.9
101.7
101.3
(3)
101.8
101.4

99.4

100.1

98.2

100.2

100.1

99.2

99.3

99.6

99.3

97.5

97.9

99.6

99.6

Feb.

Mar.

2

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing2
Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products4
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products4
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

98.8
98.5
97.4
100.0

99.8
99.4
99.8
99.3
100.0
100.1

99.9
99.3

99.4
99.6

99.2
100.2
99.9
99.8
100.2

99.6
100.8
101.2
100.3

99.9

2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities4
Wholesale trade
Retail trade

100.4

99.7

100.9
100.8
100.6
100.6
100.6

100.0
99.3

100.4
101.6

(3)
99.2
99.4
99.3
99.4
99.8
(3)
99.7

98.5
(3)
99.6
99.9
99.3
100.2
100.0
(3)

99.9
98.8
99.5
99.5
98.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.

10




100.0

99.9

99.8

99.5

3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficient precision.
4
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

Table 5. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers on
manufacturing payrolls
1990

1989
Industry group
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

103.9
104.9

106.3
104.3

109.8
104.2

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

1

Manufacturing

Durable goods
Nondurable goods
1

97.8
96.4

97.6
93.7

98.7
96.2

component series.

Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the

Table 6. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1990

1989
Industry division
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2

Total private

f)

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale trade

4

Retail trade
4

Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.




100.6

99.9

100.3

100.6

99.9

100.0

99.7

100.1

100.6

100.4

100.1

100.2

99.6

99.9

100.4

100.5

100.3

100.2

100.1

100.5

100.4

100.1

100.2

99.7

99.6

100.1

100.3

100.4

100.4

100.0

100.1

100.4

100.1

100.7

100.3

100.1

99.4

100.2

99.7

100.7

101.2

100.5

100.1

100.7

100.7

101.1

101.0

100.5

3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficient precision.
4
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1955 ..
1956 ..
1957 ..
1958 ..
1959 ..

111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601 .
1961 ..
19621 .
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 ..
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847

100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980 ..
1981 ..
1982 ..
1983 ..
1984 ..
1985 ..
19861 .
1987 .,
1988 .

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169

95,938
97,030
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944

91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826

96,125

97,450

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
October
November ..
December..

186,801
186,949
187,098

123,778
124,215
124,259

66.3
66.4
66.4

117,260
117,652
117,705

1,687
1,705
1,696

115,573
115,947
116,009

3,238
3,238
3,193

112,335
112,709
112,816

6,518
6,563
6,554

5.3
5.3
5.3

63,023
62,734
62,839

187,340
187,461
187,581
187,708
187,854
187,995
188,149
188,286
188,428
188,580

125,124
124,865
124,948
125,343
125,283
125,768
125,622
125,706
125,742
125,814

66.8
66.6
66.6
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.7

118,407
118,537
118,820
118,797
118,888
119,207
119,125
119,285
119,158
119,254

1,696
1,684
1,684
1,684
1,673
1,666
1,666
1,688
1,702
1,709

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
117,459
117,597
117,456
117,545

3,300
3,223
3,206
3,104
3,112
3,096
3,219
3,307
3,257
3,217

113,411
113,630
113,930
114,009
114,102
114,445
114,240
114,290
114,199
114,327

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
6,497
6,421
6,584
6,561

5.4
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2

62,216
62,596
62,633
62,365
62,571
62,228
62,527
62,580
62,686
62,766

1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for

12




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1

1978
1979

78,107
79,509

61,151
62,215

78.3
78.2

58,010
59,096

1,531
1,489

56,479
57,607

2,718
2,686

53,761
54,921

3,142
3,120

5.1
5.0

16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
October....
November
December

89,637
89,716
89,792

68,569
68,686
68,638

76.5
76.6
76.4

64,976
65,074
65,055

1,526
1,542
1,534

63,450
63,532
63,521

2,544
2,533
2,477

60,906
60,999
61,044

3,593
3,612
3,583

5.2
5.3
5.2

21,068
21,030
21,154

1989:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....

89,914
89,973
90,032
90,094
90,167
90,237
90,315
90,384
90,456
90,535

69,032
69,113

76.8
76.8
76.9
77.0
76.7
77.0
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.9

65,322
65,572
65,920
65,767
65,713
66,110
65,961
65,934
65,601
66,030

1,532
1,521
1,521
1,521
1,511
1,501
1,499
1,519
1,531
1,533

63,790
64,051
64,399
64,246
64,202
64,609
64,462
64,415
64,070
64,497

2,501
2,509
2,497
2,440
2,447
2,455
2,552
2,622
2,519
2,525

61,289
61,542
61,902
61,806
61,755
62,154
61,909
61,792
61,551
61,972

3,710
3,540
3,270
3,593
3,401
3,397
3,284
3,403
3,672
3,576

5.4
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.9
5.3
5.1

20,882
20,860
20,842
20,734
21,053
20,730
21,070
21,047
21,184
20,929

69,360
69,114
69,507
69,245
69,337
69,272
69,606

Annual averages
WOMEN
1

1978
1979

85,434
86,951

42,731
44,343

50.0
51.0

39,669
41,325

100
108

39,569
41,217

661

38,900
40,556

3,061
3,018

7.2
6.8

42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

October
November.
December .

97,164
97,234
97,306

55,209
55,529
55,621

56.8
57.1
57.2

52,284
52,578
52,650

161
163
162

52,123
52,415
52,488

694
705
716

51,429
51,710
51,772

2,925
2,951
2,971

5.3
5.3
5.3

41,955
41,705
41,685

1989:
January
February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

97,427
97,488
97,550
97,614
97,687
97,758
97,834
97,902
97,972
98,045

56,091
55,752
55,758
55,983
56,169
56,261
56,377
56,370
56,470
56,208

57.6
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.6
57.6
57.6
57.3

53,085
52,965
52,900
53,029
53,175
53,097
53,164
53,352
53,557
53,224

164
163
163
163
162
165
167
169
171
176

52,921
52,802
52,737
52,866
53,013
52,932
52,997
53,183
53,386
53,048

799
713
709
663
666
641
666
685
738
692

52,122
52,089
52,028
52,203
52,347
52,290
52,331
52,498
52,648
52,356

3,006
2,787
2,858
2,953
2,994
3,164
3,213
3,018
2,912
2,985

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.2
5.3

41,336
41,736
41,792
41,631
41,518
41,497
41,457
41,532
41,502
41,837

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployment rates
Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.

109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601
1961 .
19621
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
October
November.
December.

185,114
185,244
185,402

122,091
122,510
122,563

66.0
66.1
66.1

115,573
115,947
116,009

6,518
6,563
6,554

5.3
5.4
5.3

5.4
5.4
5.3

5.3
5.3
5.4

185,644
185,777
185,897
186,024
186,181
186,329
186,483
186,598
186,726
186,871

123,428
123,181
123,264
123,659
123,610
124,102
123,956
124,018
124,040
124,105

66.5
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.4
66.6
66.5
66.5
66.4
66.4

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
117,459
117,597
117,456
117,545

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
6,497
6,421
6,584
6,561

5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3

5.5
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.8
5.0
5.4
5.3

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.2
5.3

1989:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the

14




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

October 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years

35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

186,871
14,107
6,746
7,361
17,901
104,159
42,850
21,064
21,786
36,375
19,504
16,871
24,934
13,564
11,369
21,402
10,641
10,761
29,303
10,036
7,818
11,449

124,416
7,603
3,011
4,593
13,891
87,470
36,177
17,777
18,399
31,132
16,572
14,560
20,161
11,376
8,785
11,974
7,110
4,864
3,477
2,103
874
501

66.6
53.9
44.6
62.4
77.6
84.0
84.4
84.4
84.5
85.6
85.0
86.3
80.9
83.9
77.3
55.9
66.8
45.2
11.9
21.0
11.2
4.4

118,194
6,481
2,525
3,956
12,743
83,963
34,417
16,856
17,562
30,003
15,975
14,029
19,542
11,028
8,514
11,629
6,889
4,740
3,377
2,039
846
493

6,222
1,122
486
637
1,148
3,508
1,759
922
838
1,129
597
531
620
349
271
345
221
124
100
65
28
8

5.0
14.8
16.1
13.9
8.3
4.0
4.9
5.2
4.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.1
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.1
1.6

62,455
6,503
3,735
2,768
4,010
16,688
6,673
3,286
3,387
5,243
2,932
2,311
4,772
2,188
2,584
9,428
3,530
5,898
25,826
7,933
6,945
10,948

26,406
425
88
337
1,388
11,266
4,623
2,212
2,410
3,552
2,013
1,539
3,092
1,465
1,627
4,397
1,918
2,480
8,929
2,865
2,362
3,702

8,733
5,650
3,493
2,157
1,924
1,105
704
440
264
301
204
97
101
66
34
23
16
7
30
13
3
14

3,424
27
12
16
103
1,324
294
124
171
514
264
250
515
205
310
759
377
381
1,211
297
201
713

23,693

89,002
7,098
3,458
3,640
8,685
50,933
21,066
10,328
10,738
17,791
9,569
8,222
12,076
6,599
5,477
10,103
5,074
5,029
12,183
4,554
3,394
4,235

67,928
3,954
1,563
2,392
7,320
47,850
19,951
9,737
10,214
16,860
9,074
7,786
11,039
6,153
4,886
6,792
4,006
2,786
2,011
1,216
503
291

76.3
55.7
45.2
65.7
84.3
93.9
94.7
94.3
95.1
94.8
94.8
94.7
91.4
93.2
89.2
67.2
78.9
55.4
16.5
26.7
14.8
6.9

64,684
3,317
1,269
2,048
6,706
46,115
19,104
9,273
9,831
16,311
8,783
7,529
10,699
5,959
4,740
6,591
3,882
2,709
1,956
1,184
482
290

3,243
637
294
344
614
1,735
847
464
382
548
291
257
340
194
146
202
124
77
55
32
21
1

4.8
16.1
18.8
14.4
8.4
3.6
4.2
4.8
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.7
4.3
.4

21,074
3,143
1,895
1,248
1,365
3,083
1,115
591
524
931
495
436
1,037
446
591
3,311
1,068
2,243
10,173
3,338
2,891
3,944

548
17
10
7
33
182
65
44
21
53
27
26
64
37
27
95
44
51
221
67
53
101

4,340
2,927
1,806
1,121
965
442
330
215
114
93
69
24
19
13
6
3
2
1
3

14,250

3

1,937
10
5
6
78
859
187
81
106
335
174
161
338
141
197
482
243
239
507
164
107
236

97,869
7,009
3,288
3,721
9,215
53,226
21,784
10,736
11,048
18,584
9,935
8,649
12,858
6,965
5,892
11,299
5,567
5,732
17,120
5,483
4,424
7,213

56,488
3,649
1,448
2,201
6,570
39,620
16,226
8,040
8,186
14,273
7,499
6,774
9,122
5,223
3,899
5,182
3,104
2,077
1,467
887
370
209

57.7
52.1
44.0
59.1
71.3
74.4
74.5
74.9
74.1
76.8
75.5
78.3
70.9
75.0
66.2
45.9
55.8
36.2
8.6
16.2
8.4
2.9

53,509
3,164
1,256
1,908
6,037
37,848
15,313
7,583
7,730
13,692
7,192
6,500
8,843
5,068
3,774
5,039
3,008
2,031
1,422
855
364
202

2,979
485
192
293
533
1,772
913
457
455
580
307
274
279
155
124
143
97
46
45
32
6
7

5.3
13.3
13.3
13.3
8.1
4.5
5.6
5.7
5.6
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.8
3.1
2.2
3.1
3.6
1.6
3.3

41,381
3,360
1,840
1,520
2,645
13,605
5,558
2,696
2,863
4,312
2,437
1,875
3,736
1,742
1,994
6,117
2,462
3,655
15,653
4,596
4,053
7,004

25,858
408
78
330
1,356
11,084
4,558
2,169
2,389
3,498
1,986
1,513
3,027
1,428
1,599
4,302
1,874
2,428
8,708
2,798
2,309
3,601

4,393
2,724
1,688
1,036
958
664
374
225
149
208
135
73
82
54
28
20
14
6
27
13
3
11

1,487
17
7
10
25
465
108
43
65
180
90
90
177
64
113
276
135
142
704
133
94
476

9,644

401
142
259
595
2,993
1,052

510
542
876
451
425
1,065

451
614
4,249
1,219
3,030
15,655
4,758
4,378
6,519

Men
16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

190
75
115
288
1,600

534
251
283
450
225
225
616
256
360
2,731

780
1,951
9,441
3,107
2,731
3,603

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




211
67
144
306
1,393

519
259
259
426
226
199
449
195
253
1,518

439
1,079
6,215
1,651
1,648
2,916

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed

66.9
56.3
48.3
64.4
79.1
84.7
85.2
85.2
85.2
86.1
85.5
86.8
81.7
84.8
78.0
56.7
68.0
45.7
11.8
21.1
11.1
4.4

102,291
5,680
2,232
3,448
10,905
72,384
29,420
14,408
15,011
25,939
13,718
12,220
17,026
9,637
7,389
10,287
6,081
4,206
3,035
1,826
763
445

4,489
804
379
425
797
2,506
1,192
600
591
817
398
419
498
272
226
300
189
110
82
58
17
8

4.2
12.4
14.5
11.0
6.8
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.1
2.8
3.3
2.8
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.6
3.1
2.1
1.7

52,865
4,939
2,798
2,141
3,084
13,561
5,318
2,605
2,713
4,316
2,398
1,918
3,927
1,778
2,149
8,084
2,949
5,135
23,196
7,047
6,255
9,895

22,928
328
68
260
1,124
9,555
3,861
1,820
2,041
3,056
1,741
1,315
2,638
1,224
1,414
3,849
1,663
2,186
8,072
2,545
2,141
3,386

6,647
4,308
2,617
1,691
1,486
804
502
319
183
226
149
77
76
49
27
21
14
7
28
14
3
11

2,535
20
9
11
72
930
200
97
103
368
181
187
362
143
219
541
256
285
972
233
168
571

20,755
283
105
179
402
2,272
755
369
386
665
326
338
852
363
489
3,674
1,017
2,657
14,123
4,255
3,942
5,926

41,558
17,126
8,309
8,817
14,709
7,857
6,852
9,723
5,416
4,307
6,070
3,579
2,491
1,829
1,101
460
268

77.0
58.5
49.0
67.3
85.8
94.9
95.7
95.1
96.3
95.6
95.7
95.4
92.5
94.3
90.3
68.4
80.8
56.1
16.7
27.0
15.0
7.0

56,639
2,904
1,127
1,778
5,780
40,273
16,520
7,992
8,528
14,305
7,654
6,651
9,448
5,263
4,185
5,896
3,474
2,423
1,785
1,070
449
267

2,393
468
229
239
422
1,285
605
317
289
405
203
202
275
153
122
174
106
68
43
31
11
1

4.1
13.9
16.9
11.9
6.8
3.1
3.5
3.8
3.3
2.8
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.4
2.8
2.4
.4

17,596
2,392
1,412
980
1,030
2,241
769
431
338
680
352
328
792
328
463
2,801
850
1,951
9,132
2,979
2,599
3,554

450
14
8
7
31
131
38
24
14
41
24
17
52
27
25
79
32
47
195
55
50
91

3,295
2,226
1,340
886
760
305
237
164
73
58
43
15
11
7
3
2
1
1
1

1,436
6
4
2
50
625
125
63
62
264
134
129
237
92
144
346
164
182
409
128
91
190

12,414
145
60
85
189
1,180
369
180
189
318
151
167
493
202
291
2,374
652
1,722
8,527
2,796
2,458
3,273

47,748
3,111
1,256
1,855
5,499
33,332
13,486
6,700
6,786
12,046
6,259
5,787
7,800
4,493
3,308
4,517
2,691
1,826
1,288
783
320
185

57.5
55.0
47.5
61.5
72.8
74.6
74.8
75.5
74.1
76.8
75.4
78.5
71.3
75.6
66.2
46.1
56.2
36.4
8.4
16.1
8.1
2.8

45,652
2,776
1,105
1,670
5,124
32,111
12,900
6,416
6,483
11,634
6,065
5,569
7,577
4,374
3,204
4,391
2,608
1,783
1,249
757
314
178

2,096
336
150
185
375
1,221
586
283
303
412
194
218
223
119
104
126
83
42
39
27
6
7

4.4
10.8
12.0
10.0
6.8
3.7
4.3
4.2
4.5
3.4
3.1
3.8
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.8
3.1
2.3
3.0
3.4
1.8
3.6

35,269
2,548
1,386
1,161
2,054
11,320
4,549
2,174
2,375
3,635
2,046
1,589
3,136
1,450
1,686
5,284
2,100
3,184
14,064
4,067
3,655
6,341

22,477
314
60
254
1,093
9,424
3,822
1,796
2,026
3,016
1,717
1,298
2,586
1,197
1,389
3,769
1,630
2,139
7,877
2,490
2,092
3,296

3,351
2,082
1,277
805
726
499
265
155
110
169
107
62
65
41
24
19
12
6
27
14
3
10

1,099
14
5
9
23
305
75
34
41
104
46
58
125
51
75
195
92
104
563
105
77
381

8,341
139
45
94
213
1,092
386
189
197
346
175
171
360
161
198
1,301
365
935
5,596
1,459
1,484
2,654

Total

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....

159,644
11,423
5,409
6,014
14,785
88,451

35,929
17,614
18,315
31,071
16,514
14,557

21,451
11,687
9,764
18,672

9,220
9,452

106,780

6,484
2,611
3,872
11,701
74,890
30,611
15,009
15,603
26,755
14,116
12,639
17,524

9,909
7,615
10,587
6,270

4,317

26,313
8,931
7,035
10,348

3,117
1,884
780
453

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years

76,628
5,764
2,767
2,997
7,232
43,799

59,032
3,373
1,356
2,017
6,202

25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

17,895
8,740
9,155
15,390
8,209
7,181
10,515
5,744
4,770
8,871
4,429
4,442
10,961
4,080
3,059
3,822

65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

16




83,017
5,659
2,642
3,017
7,553

44,652
18,034
8,874
9,161
15,681
8,305
7,376
10,936
5,943
4,993
9,800
4,791
5,010

15,352
4,850
3,976
6,526

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

64.0
40.6
28.5
53.0
70.8
80.3
81.4
81.4
81.4
82.3
82.1
82.5
75.2
77.4
72.7
49.0
58.1
39.2
12.2
19.2
8.1

11,988
598
222
376
1,438
8,663
3,811
1,856
1,955
2,986
1,657
1,329
1,866
1,016
850
1,005
616
389
284
170
114

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

21,108
2,180
1,102
1,078
2,481
11,851
5,298
2,649
2,649
3,944
2,221
1,724
2,608
1,389
1,219
2,128
1,104
1,024
2,470
921
1,549

13,504
885
314
571
1,756
9,518
4,311
2,156
2,155
3,246
1,823
1,423
1,961
1,075
886
1,043
642
402
302
177
125

1,516
287
92
195
318
855
500
300
200
260
167
93
95
59
36
38
26
13
17
7
11

11.2
32.4
29.2
34.1
18.1
9.0
11.6
13.9
9.3
8.0
9.1
6.6
4.8
5.5
4.1
3.7
4.0
3.1
5.8
3.8
8.6

7,604
1,295
788
507
725
2,333
987
493
494
698
398
301
647
314
333
1,084
462
622
2,168
744
1,424

2,635
89
20
69
207
1,225
557
286
272
334
179
155
334
185
149
418
196
222
696
270
426

1,562
1,093
732
361
311
155
96
58
38
50
34
16
9
5
4
2
2
2

794
8
3
5
30
345
79
22
58
129
77
52
137
53
84
192
106
86
220
64
156

2,613
105
33
72
177
607
254
128
126
185
108
78
168
71
97
473
159
314
1,251
411
840

452
4
1
3
27
209
52
15
37
65
36
29
92
41
51
118
66
52
93
36
57

1,519
40
12
29
91
355
145
63
82
117
62
55
94
42
52
298
106
192
734
246
488

342
4
2
1
2
136
28
7
21
64
41
23
44
12
33
74
39
34
127
28
99

1,094
65
21
44
87
252
109
65
44
69
45
23
74
29
45
175
53
122
516
165
352

2
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

9,479
1,082
567
515
1,138
5,301
2,385
1,185
1,200
1,760
992
769
1,155
617
539
961
500
461
996
382
615

6,675
457
160
297
889
4,650
2,142
1,074
1,068
1,548
880
669
959
523
436
529
317
213
151
91
60

70.4
42.2
28.2
57.6
78.1
87.7
89.8
90.6
89.0
88.0
88.7
87.0
83.0
84.9
81.0
55.0
63.3
46.1
15.1
23.9
9.7

5,940
310
108
202
722
4,261
1,928
934
994
1,417
800
618
915
498
417
508
304
204
139
90
49

735
147
52
95
166
389
214
140
74
131
80
51
44
25
19
21
13
8
11
1
10

11.0
32.2
32.8
31.9
18.7
8.4
10.0
13.0
6.9
8.5
9.1
7.6
4.6
4.8
4.4
3.9
4.0
3.9
7.5
1.1

11,630
1,097
535
563
1,343
6,550
2,912
1,464
1,448
2,184
1,229
955
1,453
773
681
1,166
604
562
1,473
539
935

6,829
428
154
274
867
4,869
2,169
1,082
1,087
1,698
944
754
1,002
552
450
514
325
189
151
86
65

58.7
39.0
28.8
48.8
64.6
74.3
74.5
73.9
75.1
77.7
76.8
79.0
68.9
71.4
66.1
44.1
53.9
33.6
10.2
15.9
7.0

6,048
289
115
174
715
4,402
1,883
922
961
1,568
857
712
951
518
433
497
312
185
145
80
65

782
140
39
100
152
466
286
160
126
129
87
42
51
34
17
17
13
4
6
6

11.4
32.6
25.6
36.6
17.5
9.6
13.2
14.8
11.6
7.6
9.2
5.6
5.1
6.1
3.8
3.4
4.1
2.3
4.1
6.7

2,804
626
407
219
249
651
244
111
132
212
112
100
196
93
102
432
184
249
846
291
555

76
2
2
1
41
20
16
4
13
4
9

15
11
4
16
9
7

757
579
392
187
130
45
27
18
9
17
10
7
1
2
1
1
2
2

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

4,800
669
381
288
476
1,681
743
382
361
486
286
201
452
221
231
652
278
374
1,323
453
869

2,559
87
18
69
206
1,184
537
270
267
322
176
146
325
176
149
403
185
218
679
260
419

805
514
340
174
181
110
69
40
29
32
24
8
8
4
4
1
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over..

27,227
2,683
1,336
1,347
3,115
15,708
6,921
3,450
3,471
5,304
2,990
2,314
3,483
1,877
1,606
2,731
1,421
1,310
2,990
1,106
784
1,101

17,636
1,119
399
720
2,189
12,580
5,565
2,769
2,796
4,377
2,456
1,921
2,638
1,468
1,170
1,387
840
547
360
219
94
48

64.8
41.7
29.9
53.5
70.3
80.1
80.4
80.3
80.6
82.5
82.1
83.0
75.7
78.2
72.9
50.8
59.1
41.8
12.1
19.8
11.9
4.3

15,902
801
292
508
1,838
11,579
4,998
2,447
2,550
4,065
2,256
1,809
2,516
1,391
1,125
1,342
808
534
343
212
83
47

185
5
3
2
17
117
36
24
12
48
22
26
33
20
12
34
16
17
12
6
5
1

15,717
796
289
506
1,821
11,462
4,962
2,423
2,539
4,016
2,234
1,782
2,484
1,370
1,113
1,308
792
517
331
207
78
46

1,734
319
107
212
351
1,001
568
322
246
312
200
112
122
77
45
45
32
13
18
7
11

9.8
28.5
26.7
29.4
16.0
8.0
10.2
11.6
8.8
7.1
8.1
5.8
4.6
5.2
3.8
3.3
3.8
2.4
4.9
3.1
11.7

9,591
1,564
937
627
926
3,128
1,355
681
675
927
534
393
845
409
436
1,344
581
762
2,630
887
690
1,053

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.

12,374
1,333
691
643
1,453
7,134
3,171
1,588
1,583
2,40'
1,360
1,041
1,561
855
707
1,232
645
587
1,222
473
335
413

8,896
582
207
375
1,118
6,292
2,825
1,429
1,397
2,150
1,217
934
1,316
737
579
722
426
296
182
115
43
23

71.9
43.6
30.0
58.3
77.0
88.2
89.1
90.0
88.2
89.5
89.5
89.7
84.3
86.2
82.0
58.6
66.1
50.4
14.9
24.3
12.9
5.7

8,045
413
142
270
926
5,842
2,584
1,281
1,303
2,007
1,129
878
1,251
696
555
694
408
286
170
114
33
24

156
5
3
2
17
94
30
19
11
41
19
22
24
12
11
31
15
16
9
6
2
1

7,888
408
139
268
908
5,748
2,555
1,262
1,293
1,966
1,110
855
1,227
684
543
663
393
270
162
109
31
22

851
169
65
104
192
450
241
148
93
143
88
56
65
41
24
28
18
9
11
1
10

9.6
29.1
31.3
27.9
17.2
7.2
8.5
10.3
6.7
6.7
7.2
6.0
5.0
5.6
4.2
3.8
4.3
3.2
6.2
.9

3,479
752
484
268
335
842
346
159
187
251
143
108
245
118
127
510
219
291
1,040
358
292
390

14,853
1,350
645
704
1,662
8,574
3,750
1,862
1,888
2,903
1,630
1,273
1,921
1,022
899
1,499
776
723
1,768
632
448
687

8,740
538
192
345
1,071
6,288
2,740
1,340
1,400
2,226
1,239
987
1,321
731
591
665
413
252
179
104
50
24

58.8
39.8
29.8
49.0
64.4
73.3
73.1
72.0
74.1
76.7
76.0
77.6
68.8
71.5
65.7
44.4
53.3
34.8
10.1
16.5
11.2
3.5

7,857
388
150
238
913
5,737
2,413
1,167
1,247
2,058
1,127
931
1,265
695
571
648
400
248
172
98
50
24

7,829
388
150
238
913
5,714
2,407
1,161
1,246
2,051
1,124
927
1,256
686
570
645
398
247
169
98
47
24

883
150
42
108
158
551
327
174
153
168
112
56
56
36
20
17
14
4
6

10.1
27.8
21.8
31.1
14.8
8.8
11.9
13.0
10.9
7.6
9.1
5.7
4.3
4.9
3.4
2.6
3.3
1.6
3.6
5.5

6,112
812
453
359
591
2,286
1,010
522
488
676
391
285
600
292
308
834
363
471
1,590
528
398
663

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over....

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

18




23
6
5
1
8
3
4
9
8
1
2
1
1
3

0)1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 I^ears and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

185,114
122,432
66.1
116,250
3,316
112,934
6,182
5.0
62,682

186,871
124,416
66.6
118,194
3,309
114,885
6,222
5.0
62,455

80,851
63,023
78.0
60,405
2,400
58,005
2,618
4.2
17,828

81,905
63,973
78.1
61,367
2,401
58,966
2,606
4.1
17,931

89,807
51,809
57.7
49,379
678
48,701
2,430
4.7
37,998

90,860
52,839
58.2
50,345
686
49,659
2,494
4.7
38,021

14,456
7,599
52.6
6,465
238
6,228
1,134
14.9
6,856

14,107
7,603
53.9
6,481
221
6,260
1,122
14.8
6,503

158,524
105,295
66.4
100,723
3,133
97,590
4,572
4.3
53,229

159,644
106,780
66.9
102,291
3,124
99,168
4,489
4.2
52,865

70,090
54,924
78.4
52,930
2,247
50,683
1,994
3.6
15,166

70,864
55,659
78.5
53,735
2,250
51,485
1,924
3.5
15,204

76,658
43,814
57.2
42,093
651
41,442
1,721
3.9
32,843

77,358
44,637
57.7
42,876
658
42,218
1,761
3.9
32,721

11,777
6,557
55.7
5,700
235
5,465
857
13.1
5,220

11,423
6,484
56.8
5,680
216
5,464
804
12.4
4,939

20,786
13,307
64.0
11,873
135
11,738
1,434
10.8
7,479

21,108
13,504
64.0
11,988
128
11,860
1,516
11.2
7,604

8,257
6,147
74.4
5,593
116
5,477
554
9.0
2,109

8,396
6,218
74.1
5,630
104
5,527
588
9.5
2,178

10,348
6,309
61.0
5,681
18
5,663
628
10.0
4,040

10,532
6,401
60.8
5,759
18
5,741
642
10.0
4,131

2,181
851
39.0
600
2
598
252
29.5
1,330

2,180
885
40.6
598
6
592
287
32.4
1,295

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,208
10,378
4,829

7,697
4,732
2,965

50.6
45.6
61.4

6,924
4,139
2,784

1,432
417
1,015

5,492
3,722
1,769

774
593
181

94
56
38

537
143

10.1
12.5
6.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,231
7,977
6,721
1,255

3,204
4,494
3,344
1,149

44.3
56.3
49.8
91.6

2,732
4,192
3,097
1,095

198
1,234
453
781

2,534
2,958
2,644
314

472
301
247
54

45
49
25
24

427
253
222
31

14.7
6.7
7.4
4.7

7,638
5,296
2,342

3,774
2,377
1,397

49.4
44.9
59.7

3,317
2,021
1,296

722
230
492

2,596
1,791
805

457
356
101

59
39
20

398
317
81

12.1
15.0
7.2

High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .

3,844
3,793
3,269
524

1,722
2,052
1,566
486

44.8
54.1
47.9
92.7

1,420
1,897
1,437
460

143
578
244
334

1,277
1,319
1,194
125

302
155
128
27

31
28
12
16

271
127
116
11

17.5
7.6
8.2
5.5

Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,570
5,082
2,488

3,923
2,355
1,568

51.8
46.3
63.0

3,607
2,118
1,488

711
187
523

2,896
1,931
965

317
237
80

35
17
18

282
220
62

8.1
10.1
5.1

High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .

3,387
4,183
3,452
731

1,482
2,441
1,778
663

43.8
58.4
51.5
90.7

1,311
2,295
1,660
635

55
656
209
447

1,257
1,639
1,450
189

170
146
119
28

14
21
13
7

156
126
106
20

11.5
6.0
6.7
4.2

12,423
8,387
4,036

6,641
4,072
2,570

53.5
48.5
63.7

6,083
3,635
2,449

1,243
363
881

4,840
3,272
1,568

558
437
121

64
33
31

494
404
90

8.4
10.7
4.7

Men
Women .

6,276
6,146

3,291
3,350

52.4
54.5

2,945
3,138

637
607

2,309
2,531

345
212

44
20

302
192

10.5
6.3

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students..

5,685
6,737
5,677
1,061

2,729
3,913
2,936
977

48.0
58.1
51.7
92.1

2,379
3,704
2,754
950

162
1,081
396
685

2,217
2,623
2,358
265

349
209
182
27

33
31
20
11

316
178
162
16

12.8
5.3
6.2
2.7

2,118
1,570
548

753
482
271

35.6
30.7
49.5

566
345
221

133
30
103

433
314
118

187
137
51

29
23
6

158
114
44

24.9
28.4
18.6

Men
Women .

1,020
1,098

327
426

32.1
38.8

238
328

57
77

181
251

89
98

15
15

74
84

27.3
23.0

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.

1,250
868
732
137

362
392
270
122

28.9
45.1
36.9
89.0

254
312
215
96

23
110
49
61

231
201
166
35

107
80
55
25

12
17
5
13

95
63
50
13

29.7
20.4
20.3
20.7

1,169
873
296

537
343
194

46.0
39.3
65.7

475
300
174

149
56
93

325
244
81

15
10
5

48
33
15

11.7
12.5
10.2

Men
Women .

616
553

301
236

48.9
42.7

255
220

156
51

10
4

36
12

15.4
6.9

High school
College
Full-time students ....
Part-time students....

717
452
334
119

249
288
183
106

34.7
63.7
54.7
89.0

208
267
164
103

47
102
31
71

160
165
133
32

14
1

28
20
19
1

16.6
7.4
10.2
2.5

,

Men, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

20




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
16,799
3,728
13,071

13,797
2,871
10,925

82.1
77.0
83.6

12,300
2,342
9,959

10,662
1,772
8,890

1,639
570
1,069

1,496
530

1,326
457
869

170
72

10.8
18.4
8.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,021
8,626
2,644
1,509

2,676
7,262
2,400
1,458

66.6
84.2
90.8

2,129
6,548
2,262
1,361

1,745
5,609
2,013
1,296

384
939
250
66

547
715
138
96

478
631
124
93

69
84
14
3

20.5
9.8
5.7
6.6

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,145
1,801
6,343

7,501
1,577
5,923

92.1
87.6
93.4

6,706
1,296
5,410

6,038
1,038
5,000

258
410

795
281
514

757
261
495

38
20
18

10.6
17.8
8.7

2,104
4,161
1,213
667

1,795
3,893
1,167
646

85.3
93.6
96.2
96.9

1,469
3,535
1,110
592

1,262
3,187
1,009
579

207
347
101
13

326
358
57
54

307
343
55
51

18
15
3
3

18.1
9.2
4.9
8.4

8,655
1,927
6,728

6,296
1,294
5,002

72.7
67.1
74.3

5,595
1,045
4,549

4,624
734
3,890

971
312
659

701
248
453

569
196
373

132
52
80

11.1
19.2
9.1

1,917
4,465
1,430
842

881
3,369
1,234
812

46.0
75.5
86.2
96.4

660
3,013
1,153
769

482
2,421
1,004
717

177
592
149
53

222
356
81
42

171
288
69
42

51
69
11
1

25.2
10.6
6.5
5.2

13,786
3,036
10,750

11,544
2,412
9,132

83.7
79.4
84.9

10,501
2,045
8,456

9,175
1,561
7,614

1,326
484
842

1,043
367
676

913
321
592

130
46
84

9.0
15.2
7.4

Men
Women

6,720
7,066

6,284
5,260

93.5
74.4

5,739
4,762

5,235
3,940

504
822

545
498

510
403

35
95

8.7
9.5

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,241
7,039
2,180
1,327

2,238
6,037
1,982
1,287

69.0
85.8
90.9
97.0

1,845
5,561
1,883
1,213

1,519
4,819
1,686
1,152

326
742
197
62

393
476
99
74

344
411
85
72

48
65
14
2

17.6
7.9
5.0
5.8

2,542
610
1,933

1,888
403
1,485

74.3
66.2
76.8

1,470
253
1,217

1,205
184
1,021

265
70
196

418
150
268

381
127
254

36
23
13

22.1
37.2
18.0

Men
Women

1,200
1,342

1,018
870

84.8
64.8

794
676

649
556

145
120

224
194

221
160

3
34

22.0
22.2

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

645
1,387
388
123

364
1,059
349
116

56.5
76.4
90.0
93.9

221
834
315
100

167
671
268
98

53
163
47
2

144
225
34
16

124
209
34
15

20
16

39.4
21.2
9.7
13.5

2,265
497
1,768

1,672
326
1,347

73.8
65.6
76.1

1,461
253
1,207

1,281
190
1,091

179
63
116

212
73
139

191
66
124

21
6
15

12.7
22.3
10.3

Men
Women

1,153
1,112

1,069
603

92.7
54.2

927
533

848
434

80
100

142
70

132
59

10
11

13.3
11.6

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,140
885
192
48

746
710
171
45

65.5
80.1
89.1

641
624
155
40

562
540
142
37

78
84
14
3

106
85
16
5

95
77
14
5

10
8
2

14.2
12.0
9.3

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age
Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,899
5,799
622
2,034
3,143
2,100

7,927
5,368
423
1,644
3,301
2,559

7,318
5,524
582
1,937
3,005
1,794

7,251
5,079
379
1,538
3,163
2,171

7,069
5,334
537
1,871
2,926
1,735

6,994
4,908
364
1,486
3,058
2,086

249
190
45
66
79
59

257
171
15
51
105
86

3.4
3.4
7.7
3.4
2.6
3.3

3.5
3.4
4.0
3.3
3.3
3.9

20,707
9,165
6,997
4,545

21,789
9,434
7,549
4,806

19,703
8,768
6,657
4,278

20,699
8,999
7,185
4,515

18,974
8,410
6,418
4,146

19,988
8,668
6,958
4,362

729
358
239
132

710
331
227
152

3.7
4.1
3.6
3.1

3.4
3.7
3.2
3.4

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

22




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
October 1989
Employed

Unemployed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

97,996
2,189
228
1,961
95,807
9,905
85,902
74,682
11,220

96,434
2,114
216
1,899
94,320
9,663
84,657
73,616
11,041

1,562
74
12
62
1,487
242
1,245
1,066
179

20,198
4,292
2,297
1,995
15,906
2,838
13,067
9,281
3,787

17,325
3,975
2,242
1,733
13,350
2,346
11,004
7,619
3,385

2,873
317
55
262
2,556
492
2,063
1,662
402

4,751
513
101
413
4,238
907
3,331
3,031
300

1,471
609
385
224
862
241
622
476
145

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,

58,129
1,268
56,861
5,491
51,370
44,364
7,006

57,225
1,222
56,003
5,350
50,653
43,742
6,910

905
46
858
141
718
621
96

6,555
2,049
4,506
1,215
3,291
1,751
1,540

5,351
1,887
3,463
961
2,502
1,118
1,385

1,204
162
1,043
253
789
633
156

2,649
300
2,349
515
1,833
1,646
187

594
337
257
99
158
89
69

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
,
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,866
921
38,946
4,414
34,532
30,318
4,214

39,209
892
38,317
4,312
34,004
29,874
4,131

657
28
629
101
528
445
83

13,643
2,243
11,400
1,624
9,776
7,530
2,246

11,974
2,087
9,887
1,385
8,502
6,501
2,000

1,669
156
1,513
239
1,274
1,028
246

2,102
213
1,889
391
1,497
1,385
112

877
272
605
142
464
387
76

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50,976
1,122
49,854
4,750
45,104
38,826
6,278

50,204
1,086
49,118
4,626
44,492
38,291
6,202

772
36
736
124
612
536
76

5,663
1,782
3,881
1,030
2,851
1,447
1,404

4,725
1,657
3,068
843
2,225
953
1,271

938
125
813
187
626
494
132

1,936
213
1,723
340
1,382
1,214
168

456
255
202
82
120
71
49

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,478
802
32,676
3,745
28,931
25,261
3,670

32,952
778
32,174
3,663
28,511
24,914
3,596

525
24
502
82
420
347
74

12,174
1,974
10,200
1,380
8,821
6,850
1,970

10,833
1,840
8,993
1,206
7,787
6,005
1,782

1,342
134
1,207
174
1,034
845
189

1,427
141
1,286
282
1,004
909
95

669
194
475
92
382
312
70

5,301
114
5,187
592
4,595
4,063
532

5,194
106
5,088
575
4,513
3,993
520

107
8
99
17
83
70
12

639
196
443
130
313
198
115

416
163
253
73
180
87
93

223
33
190
57
133
111
22

623
79
543
157
386
371
15

112
68
44
9
35
18
17

4,969
101
4,868
532
4,336
3,931
405

4,853
95
4,758
515
4,243
3,846
396

116
5
111
17
94
84
9

1,079
188
891
184
707
471
236

811
173
638
128
510
327
183

268
15
253
55
197
144
53

595
71
524
104
420
403
18

187
69
118
48
70
64
6

White

Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
Civilian labor force
Family relationship
Total

Total, 16 years and over1

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
Percent
Employed
of
of
Number
population
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

99,835

67.0

94,712

5,123

5.1

49,116

21,402

7,890

2,400

17,424

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40.286
26,790
1.048
12,448

78.3
92.3
92.4
58.5

39,252
26,211
973
12,068

1,034
579
76
380

2.6
2.2
7.2
3.0

11,138
2,229
86
8,823

182
55
127

210
115
8
88

928
314
22
591

9,817
1,745
56
8,017

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force.

30.153
27,184
654
2,315

58.6
69.3
63.3
20.8

29,018
26,211
579
2,229

1,135
973
76
86

3.8
3.6
11.6
3.7

21,271
12,068
380
8,823

16,769
10,565
320
5,884

410
343
20
46

380
143
6
231

3,712
1,016
33
2,663

Relatives in married-couple families .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,750
4,665
4,491
3,594

63.8
52.7
75.8
69.0

11,489
4,116
4,098
3,275

1,261
549
393
319

9.9
11.8
8.8
8.9

7,229
4,181
1,434
1,614

634
107
133
394

5,068
3,877
1,068
123

353
11
44
298

1,174
185
190
799

Women who maintain families

6,944

62.6

6,399

544

7.8

4,157

2,703

236

277

941

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,662
1,553
1,527
2,580

60.2
50.5
74.3
60.5

4,787
1,191
1,283
2,313

875
363
245
267

15.5
23.3
16.0
10.3

3,739
1,523
530
1,686

768
89
106
573

1,594
1,271
266
57

321
12
30
279

1,056
151
127
778

Men who maintain families .

2,242

79.0

2.138

104

4.6

594

45

27

73

449

Relatives in families maintained by men
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,797
272
483
1,041

64.5
49.4
77.6
64.6

1,627
229
442
956

170
43
42
85

9.4
15.8
8.6
8.2

988
279
139
570

301
21
42
238

345
241
65
39

68

273
18
30
225

* Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

24




3
65

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons
Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,267
1,182
441
1,644

3,243
1,150

White, 16 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,477
974
328
1,175

2,393
937
282

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

710

178
96
435

Women
Unemployment
rates

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

4.9
2.8
6.6
9.0

Thousands of
persons

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

1,178

2,979
1,219
635
1,125

5.3
3.7
5.7
8.4

5.3
3.9
5.6
8.1

4.1
2.5
4.7
7.7

2,095
950
413
732

2,096
1,018
407
671

4.5
3.5
4.8
6.5

4.4
3.7
4.5
6.0

17.9

11.0
5.2
9.8
18.7

724
128
187
410

782
145
215
421

10.8
5.4
9.5
17.5

11.4
5.9
10.8
17.8

3.6
2.7
6.4
5.9

3.5
2.7
5.2
6.1

1,896
972
538
386

1,961
1,032
579
349

4.2
3.4
5.2
6.2

4.2
3.6
5.3
5.5

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

4.8
2.7
5.4
9.2

2,915

4.3
2.6
5.9
7.8

735
163
100
471

10.7
5.5
9.9

390
1,703

1,173

Unemployment
rates

1,114

622

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,007
1,073
416

516

1,991
1,078
365
549

White, 25 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,550
882
309
359

1,502
877
267
359

3.2
2.4
5.8
5.0

3.0
2.4
4.6
4.9

1,362
824
349
189

1,386
851
364
171

3.6
3.3
4.2
4.0

3.5
3.3
4.2
3.5

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

399
164
91

421
154
90

7.6
5.4
9.7

146

177

11.7

7.9
5.1
9.0
13.4

472
113
169
190

490
130
204
157

8.7
5.1
8.8
14.5

8.9
5.7
10.4
12.1




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates
Men

Total

Women

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

6,222

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

5.3

5.3

583
291
292

593
337
256

1.9
2.0
1.9

1.9
2.2
1.6

1.5
1.5
1.4

1.6
1.9
1.3

2.5
2.8
2.3

2.2
2.6
1.8

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical ....

1,455

1,541

94
672
689

99
664
777

3.9
2.5
4.6
3.6

4.1
2.7
4.5
4.0

3.7
2.8
3.4
4.6

3.3
3.3
3.0
4.0

4.0
2.2
5.8
3.4

4.5
2.2
6.1
4.1

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .

1,130
53

1,032
41

6.3

6.2

97

62
928

6.3
4.9
3.2
6.8

O

O

980

6.8
5.5
4.7
7.3

4.2
7.1

2.7
7.4

7.1
4.9
7.2
7.4

6.3
4.8
5.7
6.5

712
176
345
190

652
147
348
156

5.0
3.9
6.3
4.3

4.5
3.2
6.1
3.7

4.9
3.8
6.2
4.4

4.4
3.1
6.0
3.3

5.1
7.3

10.5
4.1

5.4
5.0
9.6
4.9

1,368
616
210
542
141
401

1,438
632
267
538
104
435

7.0
6.9
4.1
9.8
13.5
9.0

7.3
7.2
5.0
9.9
12.4
9.5

6.6
6.0
4.1
9.8
13.2
8.8

6.9
6.0
4.9

8.1
8.2
3.8
9.8

8.7
8.8
5.5
9.8

O

0

Farming, forestry, and fishing .

238

233

6.3

6.3

6.2

No previous work experience .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

678
458
120
100

695
415
132
148

Total, 16 years and over.
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

26




Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

6,182

10.0
12.6

9.4
6.2

9.5

9.8

6.7

6.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

1988

Oct.
1989

6,182

Men

Women

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

6,222

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

5.3

5.3

4,709

4,693

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.8

5.3

5.4

63
519

32
473

8.1
8.2

4.7
7.4

8.8
8.6

5.6
7.6

4.2
4.4

5.3

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,085

1,138
636
41
40
46
29
93
93
105
127
81
46
31

5.0
4.6
6.9
3.9
6.3
3.2
5.4
4.2
3.4
5.1
4.6
5.5
3.2
6.6
5.5
7.6
5.2
7.2
2.6
4.5
3.3
5.7
8.1

5.1
4.8
5.5
5.9
6.3
3.3
7.3
3.6
4.9
4.7
6.5
3.1
4.0
5.6
5.5
6.0
5.5
6.7
5.7
5.1
2.5
8.3
5.9

4.5
4.4
7.4
3.6
5.2
3.5
5.0
4.1
2.4
4.9
3.7
5.9
2.9
7.6
4.7
6.4
5.0
6.8
2.7
4.2
2.7
5.0
7.3

4.5
4.4
6.1
6.4
5.6
3.1
6.6
2.9
4.8
4.1
6.1
2.4
3.6
4.8
4.5
5.6
2.6
4.8
3.6
4.3
2.4
8.9
3.7

5.9
5.0
3.5
4.5
11.2
.6
6.3
4.4
4.9
5.9
8.3
3.9
3.6
4.6
6.6
9.7
5.4
7.3
2.3
4.8
4.7
7.1
9.9

6.4
5.9
2.8
4.7
8.9
4.4
9.4
5.6
5.0
6.7
8.2
5.6
4.6
7.2
6.9
6.7
8.4
7.3
12.0
6.1
2.6
7.2
9.5

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

198
154
45
1,331
134
1,197
241
1,272
432
840

1,141
218
1,273
450
823

3.2
4.2
1.7
5.8
3.0
6.4
3.3
4.9
3.0
7.4

3.6
4.5
2.2
5.6
4.2
6.0
3.0
4.9
3.0
7.3

3.4
4.3
1.9
4.8
2.3
5.7
3.6
4.7
2.4
6.5

3.5
4.4
1.9
4.5
3.3
4.9
2.1
5.2
2.8
7.1

2.7
3.9
1.5
6.7
4.7
7.0
3.1
5.1
3.3
8.2

3.7
4.8
2.7
6.9
6.5
7.0
3.5
4.7
3.1
7.5

173
623
678

172
662
695

9.4
2.2

9.2
2.3

9.1
2.0

9.2
2.2

10.4
2.4

8.9
2.3

Oct.

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




589
51
27
39
27
72
108
71
139
59
80
21
34
496
135
38

90
19
83
44
51
36

31
502
113

39
85
45

96
32
68
23
223
166
56
1,338
197

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Oct.
1988

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Black

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

1,122
171
25
146
212
378
362

4,572
1,962
550
1,412
851
1,295
465

4,489
1,942
509
1,432
823
1,367
357

1,434
618
127
491
177
448
191

1,516
615
91
524
187
482
232

100.0
15.9
3.0
12.9
16.0
27.8
40.3

100.0
15.3
2.2
13.0
18.9
33.7
32.2

100.0
42.9
12.0
30.9
18.6
28.3
10.2

100.0
43.3
11.3
31.9
18.3
30.5
7.9

100.0
43.1
8.9
34.2
12.4
31.2
13.3

100.0
40.6
6.0
34.6
12.3
31.8
15.3

2.3
2.4
4.2
6.0

2.3
2.8
5.0
4.8

1.8
.8
1.2
.4

1.8
.8
1.3
.3

4.6
1.3
3.4
1.4

4.6
1.4
3.6
1.7

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

6,182
2,641
691
1,950
1,059
1,805
676

6,222
2,625
620
2,004
1,052
1,933
613

2,618
1,632
440
1,192
421
486
79

2,606
1,604
365
1,239
381
522

2,430
830
217
613
457
1,004
140

2,494
849
231
619
459
1,033
152

1,134
180
34
146
182
316
457

100.0
42.7
11.2
31.5
17.1
29.2
10.9

100.0
42.2
10.0
32.2
16.9
31.1
9.9

100.0
62.3
16.8
45.5
16.1
18.6
3.0

100.0
61.6
14.0
47.6
14.6
20.0
3.8

100.0
34.1
8.9
25.2
18.8
41.3
5.8

100.0
34.1
9.2
24.8
18.4
41.4
6.1

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.1
.8
1.6
.5

2.6
.7
.8
.1

2.5
.6
.8
.2

1.6
.9
1.9
.3

1.6
.9
2.0
.3

Oct.
1989

White

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

28




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
October 1989
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over

Total, 16 years and over....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

50.3

2,625
620
2,004
1,052
1,933
613

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,606

Thousands
of persons

Percent

6,222

Total

15 to 26
weeks

29.9

19.7

10.0

9.7

44.3
60.6
39.2
55.5
54.8
53.3

30.4
24.1
32.3
30.8
30.2
25.7

25.4
15.3
28.5
13.7
15.0
21.0

12.5
10.0
13.3
6.9
7.6
12.5

12.9
5.3
15.2
6.8
7.4
8.5

100.0

42.9

29.6

27.5

12.0

15.4

1,604
365
1,239
381
522
99

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

43.1
63.4
37.1
44.4
42.8
34.3

29.2
23.3
30.9
31.7
30.8
22.7

27.7
13.3
32.0
23.9
26.3
43.0

11.7
8.1
12.7
11.5
11.8
21.2

16.1
5.2
19.3
12.3
14.5
21.9

2,494

100.0

53.2

31.2

15.6

9.1

6.5

849
231
619
459
1,033
152

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

43.1
55.4
38.5
57.6
58.5
60.2

32.4
25.7
34.9
33.6
30.4
23.3

24.6
18.8
26.7
8.8
11.1
16.5

15.5
13.9
16.1
4.5
5.7
9.7

9.1
5.0
10.6
4.3
5.3
6.7

1,122

100.0

61.3

27.7

11.0

7.4

3.6

171
25
146
212
378
362

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

61.5

31.5

7.0

5.2

0

0

0

0

0

60.5
70.7
61.2
55.7

33.2
23.2
28.7
27.5

6.3
6.1
10.0
16.9

5.7
3.7
6.8
11.2

.6
2.5
3.2
5.6

27 weeks
and over

1.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16.

Df unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration <
Total
Thousands of persons

Duration of unemployment

Total 16 vears and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Avsraae (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks




. ...

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Oct.
1986

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

6,182

6,222

100.0

100.0

4,694

4,751

100.0

100.0

3,056
1,747
1,380
367
1,379
660
719
275
444

3,132
1,862
1,441
421
1,228
624
605
252
353

49.4
28.3
22.3
5.9
22.3
10.7
11.6
4.4
7.2

50.3
29.9
23.2
6.8
19.7
10.0
9.7
4.0
5.7

2,102
1,380
1,058
322
1,213
570
643
242
401

2,170
1,477
1,115
361
1,105
567
538
230
308

44.8
29.4
22.5
6.9
25.8
12.1
13.7
5.2
8.5

45.7
31.1
23.5
7.6
23.3
11.9
11.3
4.8
6.5

13.1
5.1

11.6
4.5

14.8
6.2

13.0
5.5

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

27
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
and
weeks
weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

October 1989

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,222
1,122
1,148
1,759
1,129
620
345
100

3,132
688
617
881
461
292
149
44

1,862
311
346
522
373
178
98
35

624
83
117
157
136
70
52
10

605
41
67
200
159
80
47
11

11.6
7.0
9.3
12.0
15.0
14.3
15.5
13.9

4.5
3.7
4.2
4.5
6.6
5.3
6.7
5.0

49.4
60.3
56.1
47.8
44.3
38.3
37.3
38.6

50.3
61.3
53.8
50.1
40.8
47.1
43.1
44.2

22.3
12.2
18.5
21.1
27.3
35.3
32.2
41.1

19.7
11.0
16.0
20.3
26.1
24.1
28.6
21.0

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,243
637
614
847
548
340
202
55

1,515
398
282
371
204
159
83
17

963
191
205
242
165
90
47
24

346
32
73
92
68
37
38
6

418
16
55
141
111
55
33
7

13.9
6.2
11.2
15.4
19.5
17.0
19.1

5.2
3.6
5.3
5.8
8.1
5.5
8.0

45.7
58.0
54.3
44.1
36.6
32.1
34.6

25.7
13.3
20.2
24.6
33.1
43.1
33.8

23.6
7.7
20.7
27.6
32.7
26.9
35.5

0

O

0

46.7
62.4
45.8
43.9
37.3
46.7
41.4

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,979
485
533
913
580
279
143
45

1,616
290
336
510
256
133
65

277
51
45
65
67
33
14
4

186
24
12
59
49
25
13
4

9.1
8.0
7.2
9.0
10.7
11.1
10.5

4.1
3.8
3.6
4.0
5.5
5.0
5.6

0

0

53.7
63.5
58.1
51.3
51.9
45.5
41.5

27

899
120
141
280
208
89
51
11

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,489
2,393
2,096

2,300
1,128
1,171

1,338
717
621

429
247
183

422
301
121

11.5
14.0
8.8

4.4
5.2
4.0

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,516
735
782

707
317
390

458
217
242

180
92
88

171
109
63

12.3
14.3
10.4

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,150
390
1,703

467
178
870

365
91
507

153
49
144

164
72
182

Women, 16 years and overMarried, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,219
635
1,125

679
299
639

404
191
304

77
80
120

59
65
62

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

30




O

0

O

54.2
59.7
63.0
55.8
44.2
47.6
45.4

18.5
10.8
16.7
17.8
21.5
26.2
29.8

15.6
15.5
10.7
13.5
19.9
20.7
18.8

O

O

O

50.2
45.2
56.2

51.2
47.2
55.9

21.8
26.5
16.2

19.0
22.9
14.5

5.2
5.9
4.5

47.4
47.2
47.7

46.6
43.2
49.9

23.4
24.2
22.6

23.2
27.4
19.2

15.4
17.6
12.0

6.4
7.3
4.4

38.6
41.9
51.7

40.6
45.6
51.1

31.7
29.0
20.5

27.7
31.0
19.1

8.3
11.7
8.7

4.0
5.1
4.0

53.0
50.8
55.8

55.7
47.1
56.8

19.1
21.0
16.6

11.2
22.8
16.2

0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

October 1989

Unemployed Unemployed
less than
15 weeks
5 weeks
and over
Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

593
1,541
1,032
652
1,438
233

249
810
537
317
674
154

218
464
328
171
436
48

54
148
97
75
163
8

72
120
70
89
165
24

13.2
10.3
9.9
14.3
12.6
10.6

6.0
4.3
4.3
4.9
5.1
3.4

40.1
49.0
54.6
47.2
50.1
46.8

42.0
52.6
52.0
48.6
46.9
66.1

25.1
21.3
15.1
24.9
26.6
16.5

21.2
17.4
16.2
25.0
22.9
13.3

172
486
1,143
639
505
274
1,342
1,726
152

114
245
526
296
231
138
723
835
75

38
134
335
178
157
11
393
561
51

10
50
144
87
58
25
116
176
12

11
58
138
78
59
34
110
152
14

9.2
12.4
12.9
13.4
12.2
13.2
10.4
11.3
11.9

3.4
4.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
4.5
4.2
4.9
4.6

46.1
51.1
45.6
35.8
57.2
43.3
53.5
50.8
44.5

66.3
50.4
46.0
46.3
45.7
50.4
53.9
48.4
49.3

14.0
21.3
28.1
35.6
19.2
30.5
17.3
19.7
28.8

11.6
22.2
24.7
25.8
23.2
21.5
16.8
19.1
17.1

695

376

180

76

62

1\9

4.2

51.6

54.1

25.2

19.9

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
October 1989
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

73.8
78.5
76.7
72.0
72.4
73.1
63.3
67.6

40.0
25.6
41.5
44.6
44.9
45.4
38.8
34.1

19.5
17.4
16.5
20.6
20.9
22.5
19.2
33.2

3.9
3.2
3.4
3.3
4.3
5.5
8.1
.2

1.66
1.40
1.65
1.76
1.76
1.84
1.56
1.53

73.9
74.8
76.5
73.0
73.9
77.8
60.5

38.1
23.8
38.4
44.0
44.6
42.5
36.8

24.0
21.2
20.7
25.6
29.9
22.5
16.4

4.3
3.6
3.1
3.2
4.6
7.9
11.5

1.72
1.39
1.69
1.87
1.92
1.93
1.51

Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,222
1,122
1,148
1,759
1,129
620
345
100

5,474
1,074
1,044
1,509
1,003
484
275
86

20.6
11.1
19.0
26.8
23.3
24.0
17.9
6.3

8.5
4.4
8.2
8.3
10.4
13.7

Men, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,243
637
614
847
548
340
202
55

2,798
598
558
708
475
247
164
48

22.3
12.3
21.4
30.2
26.0
26.4
15.2

9.7
3.7

0

O

0

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,979
485
533
913
580
279
143
45

2,676
476
485
801
528
237
111
38

18.8

7.2
5.3
7.9
5.8
8.4
11.5
7.3

73.8
83.2
76.9
71.1
71.1
68.3
67.3

White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

4,489
2,393
2,096

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,516
735
782

9.6
16.3
23.9
20.9
21.5
21.8

8.5
11.2
12.5
15.9
10.6

0

0

3,873
2,023
1,850

20.4
22.6
17.9

8.6
10.6
6.4

1,408
680
729

21.0
21.0
20.9

8.1
7.7
8.5

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

A-20.

9.3
11.6

Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

0

0

41.9
27.8
45.1
45.2
45.1
48.3
41.9

0

14.9
12.6
11.6
16.2
12.7
22.5
23.2

Other

0

O

3.4
2.7
3.8
3.4
4.0
3.0
3.2

1.60
1.41
1.62
1.65
1.62
1.75
1.65

O

0

O

0

74.5
75.7
73.3

41.2
37.5
45.3

19.7
23.9
15.0

4.0
4.4
3.6

1.68
1.75
1.61

72.6
70.9
74.2

35.8
37.8
33.9

18.6
23.1
14.4

3.5
3.7
3.2

1.60
1.64
1.55

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
October 1989
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Friends
or
relatives

8.5
9.0
8.2
9.0
6.0

73.8
77.5
73.2
70.7
72.8

40.0
44.5
41.5
37.6
29.7

19.5
23.8
14.4
17.6
20.4

3.9
3.5
3.4
5.3
1.9

1.66
1.86
1.56
1.57
1.47

290

22.3
27.2
16.5
19.9
15.1

9.7
10.1
8.9
11.3
4.8

73.9
78.0
73.5
66.8
73.4

38.1
41.1
37.7
36.8
28.3

24.0
27.0
17.5
23.2
23.2

4.3
4.0
4.1
6.3
1.6

1.72
1.87
1.58
1.64
1.46

2,676
668
540
1,150
318

18.8
29.8
14.5
14.8
17.7

7.2
6.8
7.5
7.5
7.0

73.8
76.4
72.9
73.1
72.2

41.9
51.2
44.9
38.2
31.1

14.9
17.5
11.5
14.1
18.0

3.4
2.5
2.7
4.6
2.1

1.60
1.84
1.54
1.52
1.48

Total, 16 years and over....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,222
2,625
1,052
1,933
613

5,474
1,977
1,024
1,865
608

20.6
28.1
15.5
16.8
16.5

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,243
1,711
496
745

2,798
1,310
484
715

291

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,979
913
556

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

32




Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

Total
jobseekers

1,188
322

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Total
unemployed

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Industry and age

Men

Women

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

118,194
6,481
2,525
3,956
12,743
83,963
34,417
30,003
19,542
11,629
6,889
4,740
3,377

63,658
3,252

64,684
3,317

52,592

1,288

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

116,250
6,465
2,532
3,934
13,195
81,685
33,960
28,969
18,757
11,621
6,940
4,681
3,284

1,269
2,048

53,509
3,164
1,256
1,908
6,037

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,316
238
106
132
320
1,955
800
645
510
471
271
200
332

3,309
221
106
116
344
1,997
810
713
474
442
229
212
305

2,598
198
85
1,480
643
461
376
369
219
150
283

1,515
632
533

112,934
6,228
2,426
3,802
12,874
79,731
33,159
28,323
18,248
11,150
6,668
4,481
2,952

114,885
6,260
2,419
3,841
12,400
81,966
33,608
29,290
19,068
11,188
6,660
4,528
3,072

61,060
3,055
1,204
1,851

62,096

All industries

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
,
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




1,964
6,861
44,982
18,987
15,764
10,230

6,616
3,943
2,672
1,948

113
268

6,592
43,501

18,344
15,303
9,854
6,247
3,725
2,522
1,665

6,706
46,115
19,104
16,311

10,699
6,591
3,882

2,709
1,956
2,589
188

92
96
276

349
362
185
177
248

3,213
1,243
1,970
6,334
36,704

14,973
13,204
8,527
5,005

2,996
2,009
1,336
718
40
22

19
52
476
157
184
134
102
52

49
49

3,129
1,177

51,874
3,173
1,222

1,952
6,430
44,600

1,951
6,282
36,229

18,472
15,778
10,350
6,228

14,816
13,020

3,697
2,532
1,708

8,393
4,903
2,944
1,959
1,287

37,848

15,313
13,692
8,843

5,039
3,008
2,031
1,422
720
33
14
20
68
482
177
180

125
79
44
35
57
52,789
3,130

1,242
1,889
5,969
37,365
15,136
13,512
8,718

4,959
2,963
1,996
1,365

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total

Occupation

16 years
and over

Oct.
1988
Total

Oct.
1989

16 years
and over
Oct.

1988

Oct.
1989

Women
20 years
and over

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

16 years
and over
Oct.
1988

20 years
and over

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

16,250 118,194 63,658 64,684 60,405 61,367 52,592 53,509 49,379 50,345

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration .
Other executive, administrative, and managerial ...
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

29,616 31,224 16,285 17,023 16,218 16,903 13,331 14,201 13,215 14,068
9,144
8,624 9,093 5,578 6,002 5,535 5,961
14,230 15,146 8,651
372
292
293
627
516
255
372
222
222
255
9,985 10,523 6,547 6,758 6,521 6,711 3,438 3,765 3,409 3,738
2,014
3,729 3,996 1,811
1,811
2,010 1,918
1,982 1,904 1,968
7,634 7,879 7,594 7,810 7,753 8,199 7,680 8,107
15,387 16,078
1,860 1,684 1,707 1,682 1,707
1,786
154
102
102
150
585
465
756
580
291
465
942
288
357
354
405
266
306
306
371
100
100
106
262
106
880
714
167
714
889
167
725
726
163
163
308
311
2,209 2,260
349
345 1,899
1,910 1,898 1,905
743
443
443
490
490
300
780
295
290
286
3,985 4,202 1,071 1,095 1,061 1,080 2,914 3,107 2,879 3,072
614
844
766
644
644
614
152
147
200
197
3,855 3,930 2,027 2,017 2,000 1,976 1,828 1,912 1,804 1,873

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science.
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services .
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,819 36,009 12,602 12,621 12,047 11,926 23,216 23,388 21,452 21,624
3,604 3,543 1,831 1,850 1,810 1,835 1,773 1,693 1,752 1,667
1,369 1,274
248
210
246
208 1,121
1,064 1,108 1,052
1,101 1,141
907
862
875
896
226
234
220
226
1,134 1,128
708
733
702
730
426
396
424
389
13,879 14,006 7,069 7,131 6,723 6,697 6,811 6,875 5,738 5,826
3,643 3,933 2,407 2,562 2,401 2,532 1,236 1,371 1,204 1,338
2,540 2,303 1,469 1,316 1,449 1,299 1,071
987 1,022
952
1,543 1,618 1,271 1,275 1,266 1,274
344
272
269
336
6,090 6,084 1,908 1,960 1,594 1,574 4,182 4,124 3,197 3,152
63
68
13
18
13
50
50
18
46
48
18,336 18,460 3,702 3,640 3,514 3,394 14,633 14,820 13,961 14,132
315
749
716
309
313
308
401
441
398
439
294
898
309
281
604
815
296
506
574
488
84
84
4,876
95
4,823
86 4,792 4,728 4,609 4,578

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,409

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.

13,663
4,333
5,113
4,217

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations .

34




2,477

2,424

980
8,389

927
8,722

219
623
2,167

196
600
2,131

215
602
2,018

191
583
1,930

2,258
357
6,222

2,228
326
6,591

2,200
341
5,839

2,192
315
6,121

15,407
915
798
1,990 1,883
12,503 12,726
5,137 5,335
1,953 1,965
3,018 3,040
2,395 2,387

5,954
30
1,718
4,206
1,898
196
1,694
417

6,030
28
1,588
4,414
2,134
188
1,718
374

5,091
18
1,683
3,390
1,282
183
1,552
374

5,072
16
1,550
3,506
1,424
173
1,577
332

9,455
885
273
8,298
3,239
1,757
1,324
1,978

9,377
771
295
8,312
3,200
1,777
1,322
2,013

8,419
756
262
7,402
2,608
1,687
1,256
1,850

8,417
650
286
7,481
2,621
1,696
1,270
1,894

13,930 12,453 12,703 12,132 12,433
4,482 4,192 4,312 4,077 4,217
5,404 5,005 5,289 4,864 5,154
4,044 3,255 3,102 3,191 3,062

1,210
140
108
962

1,226
170
114
942

1,167
136
104
927

1,193
170
111
912

18,206 18,145 13,431 13,40; 12,241 12,366
8,271 8,160 4,821 4,854 4,614 4,686
6,86;
6,704 3,971
3,947 3,831 3,825
3,790 3,675 2,607 2,513 2,524 2,451
1,364 1,433 1,307 1,375
3,07;
3,030
1,409 1,456
850
783
861
907
4,960 5,113 4,487 4,629 4,36;
4,494
3,707 3,768 3,278 3,336 3,167 3,216
1,253 1,345 1,209 1,293 1,195 1,278
4,975 4,87;
4,122
3,919 3,265 3,186
902
733
881
705
786
651
4,07;
4,139
3,241
3,213 2,479 2,535

4,775
3,450
2,891
1,18;
1,708
559
473
429
44
853
22
831

4,743
3,306
2,757
1,161
1,596
549
484
43;
5,
953
28
926

4,557
3,357
2,825
1,160
1,665
533
462
418
44
738
19
719

4,509
3,188
2,670
1,135
1,534
518
465
415
50
856
24
831

605
215
390

573
21
361

569
213
356

534
208
326

3,537
1,350
2,187

3,478
1,338
2,141

2,932
1,135
1,797

2,905
1,125
1,780

2,676
1,131
1,546

2,667
1,098
1,570

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)

Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

1988

Oct.
1989

116,250
100.0

118,194
100.0

63,658
100.0

64,684
100.0

52,592
100.0

53,509
100.0

25.5
12.2
13.2

26.4
12.8

25.6
13.6

26.3

25.3
10.6

26.5

13.6
30.5
3.0
11.9
15.6
13.0
.7
1.6

12.0
19.8

14.7
44.1
3.4

15.3
43.7
3.2

13.0
27.8

12.8
27.7

18.0

17.5

1.7
.5

Oct.

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

30.8

3.1
11.9
15.8

13.3
.8
1.7
10.8
11.8

2.9
11.1
5.8

9.4

14.1
12.2
19.5

2.9
11.0
5.6
9.3

11.2

2.9

7.6
7.0
6.5
4.6

2.5
6.8
19.6
20.7
7.5
7.2
6.1
4.5

15.8
2.3
9.1
6.6
.9
1.6
1.2

1.4
.6
15.5
2.3
8.9
6.2
.9
1.8
1.1

100,723
100.0

102,291
100.0

55,789
100.0

56,639
100.0

44,934
100.0

45,652
100.0

26.7
13.0
13.6
31.1

27.5
13.5

26.8
14.5
12.3
20.0
2.9

27.5
14.9
12.6

26.5

27.5
11.7
15.8
44.6

11.8
5.3
8.4

11.7
5.2
8.2

15.7
7.1
4.3
4.3
3.0

10.8
11.8
15.4

6.9
4.3
4.1

0
2.7
6.6
19.6
21.1

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

3.1
12.5
15.6
12.0
.7
1.6

14.0
30.8
3.0

12.4
15.4
11.8
.5
1.5

O

19.7
2.9

11.2

15.3
44.8
3.3

3.1

13.3
28.2
16.5
1.5
.4

13.4
28.2

14.5
2.2
8.2
5.7
.9
1.6
1.2

2.5
5.8
20.1

2.3
5.9
20.2

19.9
7.2
6.7
6.0
4.8

19.6
7.2
6.8
5.6
4.7

14.6
2.3
8.6
6.1
.9
1.6
1.3

16.2
1.2
.5

9.7

9.7

12.1
14.8
6.7

4.1
4.0
3.2

12.2
14.5
6.5
4.2
3.8
3.2

11,873
100.0

11,988
100.0

5,906
100.0

5,940
100.0

5,967
100.0

6,048
100.0

14.4
6.2
8.2
28.3
2.8
7.7
17.7

16.3
7.6
8.8
27.8
2.8
7.5

11.9
5.5
6.4
17.3
2.1

14.0
7.4
6.5
17.2
2.3
5.5

17.6

10.0

9.4

23.2
1.7
2.9

23.2
1.7
2.6

17.4
.2
4.5

18.6
7.7
10.9
38.3
3.3
9.5
25.5
27.7
3.3

18.6
8.9
23.4

18.9
8.7

12.6

18.7
.1
4.3
14.3
15.2
32.0
10.5
11.2
10.3
2.9

17.0
7.0
10.0
39.2
3.5
10.3
25.3
29.0
3.3
1.3
24.4
2.0

.9
23.4

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

10.6
5.9
6.8
1.7

22.4
9.8
6.0
6.6
1.6

5.1

15.9
34.3
11.7
10.7
11.9
3.2

12.6
9.6
1.2

1.9
.3

2.2
12.9
9.1
.9
2.9
.3

Less than 0.05 percent.




35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
October 1989
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

105,830
6,198
2,402
3,796
12,084
31,608
26,554
17,085
9,861
5,920
3,941
2,440

1,001
157
121
37
74
149
177
156
171
85
86
117

17,846
284
62
223
1,081
4,445
5,629
3,888
2,091
1,284
807
428

86,983
5,757
2,220
3,536
10,929
27,015
20,749
13,041
7,599
4,551
3,048
1,895

8,784
50
9
41
305
1,942
2,647
1,940
1,288
718
570
613

271
11
8
3
10
58
89
43
39
23
16
20

1,707
164
69
95
289
530
338
189
126
70
56
73

1,481
37
19
17
43
259
356
269
303
151
151
216

120
20
17
3
12
22
20
17
13
8
5
17

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

56,345
3,098
1,171
1,927
6,222
17,261
14,045
9,096
5,361
3,225
2,136
1,262

139
35
26
9
13
23
22
16
20
7
13
12

8,183
105
24
81
488
2,095
2,526
1,808
961
584
377
202

48,022
2,959
1,121
1,838
5,722
15,144
11,498
7,273
4,380
2,633
1,747
1,048

5,711
27
3
24
202
1,201
1,731
1,253
857
467
390
441

40
4
3
1
6
10
2
2
11
4
6
5

1,346
139
61
78
232
412
256
146
105
58
48
56

1,211
34
17
17
37
218
276
203
257
128
129
187

32
15
14
2
7
3
1
_

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,486
3,100
1,231
1,869
5,862
14,347
12,509
7,989
4,500
2,695
1,806
1,178

861
122
94
28
61
126
155
141
151
78
74
105

9,663
180
38
142
594
2,350
3,103
2,080
1,130
699
431
226

38,961
2,798
1,099
1,699
5,208
11,871
9,251
5,768
3,219
1,918
1,301
847

3,073
23
5
18
103
741
916
687
431
251
181
172

231
7
5
2
4
48
87
41
28
18
10
15

361
26
8
17
57
118
81
42
20
12
8
16

270
3
2
1
6
41
79
66
46
24
22
29

89
5
3
1
5
18
19
17
13
8
5
12

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

36




_
1
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
October 1989
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadministrative Private
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

3,309
674
7,908
21,596
12,862
8,734

113
94
1,025
2,663
1,616
1,047

72
52
153
1,808
1,270
538

8,027
24,521
4,840
19,681

927
2,116
550
1,566

7,934
38,702
1,007
37,695
25,322
5,524

2,140
4,814
2
4,812
2,689
1,253

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
equipment
and
craft,
tation
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

22
12
62
799
338
461

112
73
437
2,397
1,383
1,014

29
3
37
360
207
154

25
218
4,622
4,002
2,743
1,259

12
44
122
6,704
3,675
3,030

80
135
582
839
448
391

20
27
814
1,206
574
632

2,803
1
16
81
78
2

474
480
111
369

307
263
108 10,127
33 1,921
74 8,206

2,136
2,481
852
1,629

245
4,412
36
4,375

1,255
1,611
366
1,244

93
305
147
158

1,852
997
477
519

470
1,833
316
1,517

6
53
29
24

220
12,032
7
12,025
10,636
787

124 1,836
831
2,012
3
831
2,010
1,643
135
10
226

3,082
6,287
7
6,280
4,611
1,455

265
7,918
81
7,837
4,545
1,339

129
1,852
12
1,840
371
216

21
829

15
539
3
536
309
76

28
411
26
385
72
62

74
377
70
307
75
69

21
14
40
736
531
205

798
798

830
237
31

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Paid absences
Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Unpaid absences

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1989

1,712
407
700

1,785
409
705

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,619
2,205
1,320
13
32
1,049

4,727
2,216
1,407
30
106
968

4,525
2,177
1,299
11
32
1,006

4,630
2,176
1,376
30
106
941

2,415
1,605
537
(2)

2,396
1,579
555

273

262

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,307
1,223
625
460

2,469
1,276
703
489

2,231
1,203
608
420

2,394
1,247
679
467

1,284
914
267
103

1,285
934
266
85

729
192
318
219

852
206
350
296

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,312
982
695
635

2,258
939
704
615

2,293
973
691
630

2,236
929
697
610

1,131
692
270
169

1,110
645
289
175

983
216
383
385

933
203
355
375

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




O

O
O

605

O2
()

671

3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
October 1989
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

113,466

3,211

110,255

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

29,616

28,826
821
4,498

12,964

26.1
.8
4.1
11.8

10,543

9.5

24.6
1.0
5.0
12.4
6.2

26.1
.7

4,659
13,363
10,743

790
31
161
399
200

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

83,850
6,881
41,787
35,182
12,054
12,984
10,144

2,421
137
568
1,716
240
457
1,019

81,429
6,744

73.9

75.4
4.3
17.7
53.4
7.5

73.9
6.1
37.4
30.4
10.7
11.4

39.5
43.9

47.9
55.2

39.3
43.5

Total, 16 years and over

852

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

All
industries

Agriculture

6.1
36.8
31.0
10.6
11.4

41,219

33,466
11,814
12,527
9,125

Nonagricultural
industries

4.1
11.8

9.6

14.2
31.7

8.9

8.3

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

29,616

10,431

19,185

4,435
2,240
73
159
58
1,905

1,562
1,272
73
159
58
-

2,873
968
_

25,182
13,696
1,542
1,457
184
19
4,244
1,823
2,216

8,869
1,542
1,305
184
19
4,244
1,575

16,313
13,696
152
-

22.5
22.4

1,552
9,191

Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

38




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

28,826

10,181

18,645

4,216
2,084
68
158
56
1,851

1,448
1,166
68
158
56
-

2,768
918
_

8,734
_
1,526
1,287
146
19
4,236
1,520

15,876
13,359
140

_
1,823
641

24,610
13,359
1,526
1,427
146
19
4,236
1,780
2,118

24.7
28.2

21.3
19.3

22.5
22.5

24.9
28.2

21.3
19.3

740
6,084

812
3,107

1,487
9,056

698
6,029

789
3,027

_
1,905

Total

_
1,851

_
_
1,780
598

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagriculturaf industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989

Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more

hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

110,255

4,216

15,876

90,163

56,697

11,814

21,652

39.3

43.5

101,610

3,622

14,281

83,707

53,813

11,231

18,663

39.1

43.2

600

12

14

575

287

91

197

46.4

47.6

6,119

305

265

5,549

3,601

658

1,289

41.3

43.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

20,326
12,097
8,229

412
167
245

727
293
434

19,187
11,636
7,550

11,958
7,208
4,751

3,256
1,963
1,292

3,973
2,465
1,507

42.1
42.6
41.5

43.3
43.4
43.2

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,182
21,670
7,000

139
1,185
79

440
5,296
650

6,604
15,189
6,271

4,119
8,830
4,293

857
2,394
690

1,628
3,964
1,289

42.3
37.1
39.7

44.2
44.3
41.9

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

33,455
971
32,484
5,258

1,443
128
1,315
48

6,663
458
6,205
226

25,349
385
24,964
4,984

16,908
252
16,656
3,816

2,880
38
2,842
405

5,561
95
5,466
763

37.2
26.1
37.5
39.6

42.9
45.4
42.8
40.7

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,374
271

578
16

1,473
122

6,323
133

2,800
84

569
14

2,954
35

40.9
33.1

48.2
43.9

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989

Total
at
work

Sex, age, race, and marital status

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
110,255
6,125
2,352
3,773
104,130
12,039
92,091
60,507
28,718
2,866

4,216
381
67
314
3,835
710
3,125
2,040
958
128

15,876
3,773
2,107
1,666
12,104
2,224
9,879
5,369
3,147
1,363

90,163
1,972
178
1,793
88,191
9,105
79,086
53,098
24,613
1,374

56,697
1,512
144
1,369
55,185
6,273
48,912
32,280
15,704
927

33,466
459
34
425
33.006
2,832
30,175
20,818
8,909
447

39.3
24.6
17.0
29.3
40.1
37.0
40.5
41.1
40.3
29.6

43.5
40.2
37.4
40.5
43.6
42.4
43.8
43.9
43.5
42.7

Men, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,702
3,059
1,140
1,920
56,643
6,257
50,385
33,081
15,722
1,582

1,936
198
27
171
1,739
378
1,361
923
387
51

4,725
1,736
996
741
2,988
908
2,080
723
651
706

53,041
1,125
117
1,008
51,916
4,971
46,945
31,435
14,684
825

29,556
839
91
748
28,716
3,151
25,565
16,627
8,420
516

23,485
286
26
260
23,200
1,820
21,380
14,808
6,264
309

42.4
26.2
18.4
30.8
43.2
38.8
43.8
44.6
43.4
31.5

45.2
41.0
38.8
41.3
45.3
43.6
45.4
45.7
44.9
43.8

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,553
3,066
1,212
1,853
47,487
5,782
41,705
27,426
12,996
1,284

2,280
183
40
143
2,096
332
1,764
1,116
570
77

11,152
2,036
1,111
925
9,115
1,316
7,799
4,646
2,496
657

37,122
846
61
786
36,275
4,134
32,142
21,664
9,930
550

27,141
673
53
620
26,469
3,122
23,347
15,654
7,283
411

9,980
173
8
165
9,807
1,012
8,795
6,010
2,647
138

35.6
22.9
15.6
27.7
36.4
35.0
36.6
37.0
36.6
27.2

41.2
39.1

White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

95,166
52,075
43,091

3,387
1,566
1,821

14,250
4,152
10,098

77,529
46,357
31,172

47,181
24,894
22,286

30,349
21,463
8,886

39.4
42.6
35.5

43.8
45.4
41.4

Black, 16 years and over .
Men
Women

11,347
5,623
5,724

310
385

1,113
377
736

9,539
4,936
4,603

7,349
3,531
3,819

2,190
1,405
784

38.1
40.1
36.2

41.4
42.8
40.0

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,846
6,259
15,597

843
210
884

1,472
268
2,984

35,531
5,781
11,728

18,830
3,266
7,460

16,702
2,516
4,268

44.2
43.2
37.5

45.7
45.0
43.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

28,082
10,127
12,344

1,099
544
637

6,417
1,267
3,467

20,566
8,316
8,240

15,286
5,826
6,030

5,280
2,490
2,210

35.5
38.2
33.6

41.0
41.9
41.2

Total, 16 years and over...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

O
39.4
41.3
41.0
41.3
41.2
41.4
41.1

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

40




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1989
On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
41 to 48
total
time
hours
hours
at work
schedor more
ules

110,089

4,196

15,830

90,063

56,515

11,824

21,725

39.3

43.6

30,013
14,554
15,459
34,555
3,402
13,437
17,715
14,808
772
1,779
12,256
13,298
17,415
7,851
4,862
4,702

483
144
339
1,007
62
540
405
1,216
90
34
1,091
540
951
333
209
409

2,927
790
2,136
6,556
409
2,959
3,187
4,276
380
157
3,739
437
1,633
380
409
844

26,604
13,620
12,984
26,991
2,930
9,938
14,123
9,316
301
1,588
7,426
12,321
14,831
7,138
4,244
3,449

14,511
7,089
7,422
18,186
2,018
5,056
11,113
6,622
200
924
5,498
7,763
9,433
4,816
2,168
2,449

3,405
1,653
1,752
3,396
388
1,372
1,636
1,050
35
242
773
1,712
2,261
1,178
572
510

8,688
4,878
3,810
5,410
524
3,511
1,375
1,644
66
422
1,156
2,847
3,137
1,144
1,504
490

42.0
44.0
40.2
37.6
39.4
39.1
36.0
34.0
25.8
43.0
33.3
42.0
40.4
40.8
43.6
36.2

44.9
45.6
44.3
42.4
42.3
45.9
40.0
42.7
44.7
45.7
42.0
43.6
43.7
42.6
46.8
42.0

59,396

1,916

4,634

52,845

29,305

7,253

16,287

42.4

45.2

16,389
8,790
7,599
12,132
1,777
6,888
3,467
5,836
28
1,504
4,305
12,134
12,905
4,702
4,404
3,798

209
71
138
211
23
112
76
379
6
28
346
503
615
132
153
329

825
281
544
1,255
107
738
410
1,187
18
105
1,064
308
1,059
161
263
635

15,355
8,438
6,917
10,666
1,647
6,036
2,980
4,270
5
1,371
2,895
11,323
11,231
4,409
3,988
2,834

7,139
3,768
3,371
5,549
1,033
2,520
1,996
2,835
2
779
2,053
7,010
6,773
2,751
2,017
2,004

1,939
995
944
1,506
224
813
469
523
207
317
1,584
1,701
756
538
407

6,277
3,675
2,602
3,611
390
2,705
516
912
3
386
524
2,729
2,758
902
1,433
423

45.1
46.1
43.9
42.5
41.6
44.4
39.0
37.3
(2)
44.2
35.1
42.3
41.4
42.4
44.6
36.6

46.8
47.2
46.4
45.6
43.4
47.9
42.3
43.9
(2)
46.3
42.7
43.8
44.5
43.7
47.0
42.2

50,693

2,280

11,195

37,218

27,209

4,571

5,438

35.6

41.2

13,624
5,764
7,860
22,423
1,625
6,549
14,248
8,972
744
276
7,952
1,164
4,511
3,149
458
904

273
73
200
796
39
428
329
837
85
7
745
37
337
201
56
80

2,102
509
1,593
5,301
302
2,222
2,777
3,090
363
52
2,674
128
574
220
146
208

11,249
5,182
6,067
16,326
1,283
3,900
11,143
5,045
297
217
4,532
999
3,600
2,728
256
615

7,372
3,321
4,051
12,637
985
2,535
9,117
3,787
197
145
3,444
753
2,661
2,065
151
445

1,466
658
808
1,890
165
559
1,167
527
36
35
455
128
560
422
35
103

2,410
1,203
1,208
1,798
134
806
859
732
64
36
632
118
379
242
71
67

38.4
40.6
36.7
34.9
36.9
33.6
35.3
31.9
26.1
36.8
32.3
38.1
37.2
38.5
33.9
34.7

42.4
42.9
41.9
40.3
40.9
42.7
39.4
41.7
44.7
42.0
41.5
40.9
41.1
40.9
43.6
40.9

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, Including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Employment status and sex
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct,

186,801
123,778
66.3
117,260
62.8
1,687
115,573
3,238
112,335
6,518
5.3
63,023

186,949
124,215
66.4
117,652
62.9
1,705
115,947
3,238
112,709
6,563
5.3
62,734

187,098
124,259
66.4
117,705
62.9
1,696
116,009
3,193
112,816
6,554
5.3
62,839

187,340
125,124
66.8
118,407
63.2
1,696
116,711
3,300
113,411
6,716
5.4
62,216

187,461
124,865
66.6
118,537
63.2
1,684
116,853
3,223
113,630
6,328
5.1
62,596

187,581
124,948
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633

187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62,365

187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571

187,995
125,768
66.9
119,207
63.4
1,666
117,541
3,096
114,445
6,561
5.2
62,228

188,149
125,622
66.8
119,125
63.3
1,666
117,459
3,219
114,240
6,497
5.2
62,527

188,286
125,706
66.8
119,285
63.4
1,688
117,597
3,307
114,290
6,421
5.1
62,580

188,428
125,742
66.7
119,158
63.2
1,702
117,456
3,257
114,199
6,584
5.2
62,686

188,580
125,814
66.7
119,254
63.2
1,709
117,545
3,217
114,327
6,561
5.2
62,766

89,637
68,569
76.5
64,976
72.5
1,526
63,450
3,593
5.2
21,068

89,716
68,686
76.6
65,074
72.5
1,542
63,532
3,612
5.3
21,030

89,792
68,638
76.4
65,055
72.5
1,534
63,521
3,583
5.2
21,154

89,914
69,032
76.8
65,322
72.6
1,532
63,790
3,710
5.4
20,882

89,973
69,113
76.8
65,572
72.9
1,521
64,051
3,540
5.1
20,860

90,032
69,190
76.9
65,920
73.2
1,521
64,399
3,270
4.7
20,842

90,094
69,360
77.0
65,767
73.0
1,521
64,246
3,593
5.2
20,734

90,167
69,114
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9
21,053

90,237
69,507
77.0
66,110
73.3
1,501
64,609
3,397
4.9
20,730

90,315
69,245
76.7
65,961
73.0
1,499
64,462
3,284
4.7
21,070

90,384
69,337
76.7
65,934
72.9
1,519
64,415
3,403
4.9
21,047

90,456
69,272
76.6
65,601
72.5
1,531
64,070
3,672
5.3
21,184

90,535
69,606
76.9
66,030
72.9
1,533
64,497
3,576
5.1
20,929

97,164
55,209
56.8
52,284
53.8
161
52,123
2,925
5.3
41,955

97,234
55,529
57.1
52,578
54.1
163
52,415
2,951
5.3
41,705

97,306
55,621
57.2
52,650
54.1
162
52,488
2,971
5.3
41,685

97,427
56,091
57.6
53,085
54.5
164
52,921
3,006
5.4
41,336

97,488
55,752
57.2
52,965
54.3
163
52,802
2,787
5.0
41,736

97,550
55,758
57.2
52,900
54.2
163
52,737
2,858
5.1
41,792

97,614
55,983
57.4
53,029
54.3
163
52,866
2,953
5.3
41,631

97,687
56,169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3
41,518

97,758
56,261
57.6
53,097
54.3
165
52,932
3,164
5.6
41,497

97,834
56,377
57.6
53,164
54.3
167
52,997
3,213
5.7
41,457

97,902
56,370
57.6
53,352
54.5
169
53,183
3,018
5.4
41,532

97,972
56,470
57.6
53,557
54.7
171
53,386
2,912
5.2
41,502

98,045
56,208
57.3
53,224
54.3
176
53,048
2,985
5.3
41,837

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
,
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

42




Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1988
Oct.

Nov.

1989
Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

185,114 185,244 185,402 185,644 185,777 185,897 186,024 186,181 186,329 186,483 186,598 186,726 186,871
122,091 122,510 122,563 123,428 123,181 123,264 123,659 123,610 124,102 123,956 124,018 124,040 124,105
66.3
66.5
66.3
66.0
66.5
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.1
66.1
66.5
66.4
66.4
115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597 117,456 117,545
63.0
62.9
63.0
63.1
62.9
63.0
62.6
62.4
62.9
63.0
63.0
62.6
62.9
6,518 6,563 6,554 6,716 6,328 6,128 6,546 6,395 6,561 6,497 6,421 6,584 6,561
5.0
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

80,851 80,924 81,001 81,162 81,256 81,333 81,413
62,915 62,995 63,002 63,358 63,490 63,557 63,709
78.1
78.1
78.1
77.8
77.8
78.3
77.8
60,004 59,999 60,049 60,420 60,636 60,869 60,757
74.8
74.6
74.4
74.1
74.6
74.1
74.2
2,315 2,313 2,292 2,277 2,320 2,317 2,252
57,689 57,686 57,757 58,143 58,316 58,552 58,505
2,911 2,996 2,953 2,938 2,853 2,688 2,952
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.6
17,936 17,929 17,999 17,804 17,766 17,776 17,704

81,524 81,592 81,679 81,754 81,790 81,905
63,503 63,831 63,656 63,643 63,721 63,883
77.9
77.9
78.2
77.8
77.9
78.0
60,798 61,093 60,921 60,853 60,683 60,981
74.6
74.9
74.6
74.2
74.4
74.5
2,284 2,256 2,342 2,364 2,339 2,309

58,514 58,837 58,579 58,489 58,344 58,673
2,705 2,737 2,734 2,790 3,038 2,902
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.5
18,021 17,761 18,023 18,111 18,069 18,022

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1.
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

89,807 89,887 89,954 90,072
51,201 51,558 51,587 51,998
57.7
57.3
57.4
57.0
48,788 49,113 49,165 49,543
55.0
54.7
54.6
54.3
715
646
640
640
48,148 48,473 48,519 48,827
2,445 2,422 2,455
2,413
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
38,606 38,329 38,367 38,074

90,153
51,821
57.5
49,514
54.9
666
48,849
2,306
4.5
38,332

90,242
51,851
57.5
49,484
54.8
664
48,819
2,367
4.6
38,391

90,432 90,526
52,171 52,231
57.7
57.7
49,690 49,661
54.9
54.9
610
628
49,062 49,051
2,448 2,480 2,570
4.7
4.9
4.8
38,326 38,261 38,295

90,318
51,992
57.6
49,544
54.9
615
48,929

90,607
52,463
57.9
49,850
55.0
627
49,223
2,613
5.0
38,144

90,684
52,373
57.8
49,905
55.0
644
49,261
2,468
4.7

90,771
52,443
57.8
50,089
55.2
701
49,388
2,353
4.5

90,860
52,239
57.5
49,767
54.8
648
49,119
2,472
4.7

38,311 38,328 38,621

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
2

14,456 14,433 14,447 14,410 14,367 14,323 14,293 14,224 14,211 14,196 14,160 14,166 14,107
7,975 7,957 7,974 8,071 7,871 7,856 7,958 7,936 8,040 7,837 8,003 7,876 7,983
56.0
55.7
54.9
54.8
55.2
55.8
55.1
55.2
56.6
55.2
56.5
55.6
56.6
6,781 6,835 6,795 6,748 6,703 6,783 6,812 6,726 6,786 6,687 6,840 6,683 6,796
47.7
47.4
46.7
46.8
47.0
47.3
47.4
47.1
47.8
46.9
48.3
47.2
48.2
224
237
307
255
237
285
249
200
230
283
300
216
260
6,498 6,550 6,540 6,441 6,466 6,559 6,575 6,526 6,556 6,438 6,540 6,467 6,536
1,194 1,122 1,179 1,323 1,168 1,073 1,146 1,210 1,254 1,150 1,163 1,193 1,187
14.8
16.4
14.4
13.7
14.8
14.1
15.2
15.6
15.0
14.7
15.1
14.5
14.9
6,481 6,476 6,473 6,339 6,496 6,467 6,335 6,288 6,171 6,359 6,157 6,290 6,124

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1989

1988
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct,

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

158,524 158,603 158,705 158,865 158,947 159,020 159,098 159,200 159,297 159,400 159,470 159,549 159,644
105,051 105,395 105,411 106,106 105,798 105,988 106,312 106,164 106,455 106,424 106,446 106,325 106,544
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.5
66.8
66.8
66.8
66.8
66.6
66.4
66.3
66.7
66.6
100,199 100,543 100,567 101,183 101,278 101,554 101,458 101,465 101,693 101,581 101,670 101,535 101,816
63.9
63.7
63.7
63.4
63.8
63.7
63.4
63.2
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.6
4,434 4,854 4,699
4,777 4,791
4,852 4,852 4,844 4,923 4,521
4,728
4,762 4,843
4.2
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.3
4.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,861 54,922 54,898 55,213 55,308 55,382 55,448 55,249 55,557 55,437 55,377 55,413 55,605
78.7
78.6
78.6
78.5
78.3
78.7
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.3
78.3
78.5
52,612 52,624 52,636 53,007 53,197 53,387 53,246 53,248 53,500 53,343 53,282 53,097 53,468
75.4
75.8
75.8
75.6
75.0
75.5
75.5
75.0
75.3
75.5
75.1
75.5
75.0
2,057 2,094
1,995
2,298 2,262 2,205 2,111
2,095
2,202 2,001
2,249
2,316
2,138
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.6
4.0
4.1
4.2
3.8
3.8
4.1
4.2
3.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,298 43,625 43,644 43,936 43,770 43,780 44,016 44,084 44,050 44,302 44,169 44,192 44,123
56.9
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.4
57.2
57.2
56.9
56.9
56.5
57.2
57.2
57.0
41,583 41,889 41,930 42,201 42,177 42,115 42,207 42,282 42,236 42,411 42,372 42,527 42,368
54.7
54.8
54.8
54.9
54.6
55.0
54.8
54.9
54.6
54.2
54.9
55.0
54.8
1,665
1,593
1,734
1,814
1,803
1,810
1,714
1,891
1,736
1,715
1,798
1,756
1,665
3.9
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3

6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3

6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8

6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
16.4
11.7

6,720
57.7
5,904
50.7
816
12.1
14.0
10.2

6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
774
11.3
12.3
10.2

6,848
59.0
6,005
51.8
843
12.3
13.1
11.5

6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.8
11.2

6,848
59.2
5,957
51.5
891
13.0
13.4
12.6

6,685
57.9
5,827
50.5
858
12.8
12.4
13.4

6,900
60.0
6,016
52.3
884
12.8
12.9
12.7

6,720
58.6
5,910
51.6
810
12.1
13.3
10.8

6,815
59.7
5,981
52.4
834
12.2
13.9
10.4

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,786 20,811 20,842 20,877 20,905 20,930 20,956 20,986 21,012 21,038 21,060 21,085 21,108
13,290 13,330 13,405 13,477 13,476 13,425 13,287 13,444 13,600 13,555 13,448 13,515 13,491
63.4
64.1
64.5
64.7
64.1
64.6
64.4
64.3
64.1
63.9
63.9
64.1
63.9
11,807 11,831 11,856 11,860 11,873 11,961 11,846 11,968 11,982 12,082 11,958 11,940 11,902
57.1
56.8
57.0
56.5
56.8
57.4
57.0
56.9
56.8
56.8
56.8
56.6
56.4
1,464
1,603
1,476
1,442
1,617
1,473
1,618
1,549
1,499
1,483
1,490
1,574
1,589
11.9
10.8
11.0
10.9
12.0
10.9
11.9
11.6
11.2
11.2
11.1
11.6
11.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6

6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8

6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0

6,226
75.0
5,576
67.2
650
10.4

6,199
74.6
5,549
66.7
650
10.5

6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611
9.8

6,171
74.0
5,554
66.6
617
10.0

6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4

6,200
74.1
5,619
67.2
581
9.4

6,205
74.1
5,629
67.2
576
9.3

6,189
73.8
5,580
66.6
609
9.8

6,247
74.7
5,620
67.2
627
10.0

6,236
74.3
5,596
66.7
640
10.3

6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614
9.8

6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
617
9.8

6,316
60.9
5,654
54.5
662
10.5

6,369
61.2
5,706
54.9
663
10.4

6,349
61.0
5,697
54.7
651
10.3

6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1

6,227
59.6
5,677
54.3
550
8.8

6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600
9.5

6,405
61.2
5,732
54.7
674
10.5

6,394
61.0
5,759
54.9
635
9.9

6,359
60.5
5,762
54.9
597
9.4

6,356
60.4
5,748
54.6
607
9.6

6,320
60.0
5,691
54.0
629
10.0

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

44




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988
Oct.

Nov.

1989
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6

904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9

910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3

881
40.5
577
26.5
304
34.5
36.7
32.0

928
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6

880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8

889
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2

994
45.7
631
29.0
363
36.5
33.5
40.2

897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4

956
44.0
694
31.9
262
27.4
22.1
33.1

900
41.4
616
28.3
284
31.6
30.0
33.4

912
41.5
572
26.0
340
37.3
34.1
40.3

935
42.9
615
28.2
320
34.2
32.4
36.1

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,458 13,495 13,533 13,564 13,606 13,649 13,690 13,731 13,772 13,813 13,853 13,894 13,936
9,075 9,148 9,133 9,205 9,219 9,210 9,262 9,428 9,272 9,433 9,364 9,326 9,311
67.8
67.9
67.5
67.4
67.5
67.8
67.7
68.7
67.3
68.3
67.6
67.1
66.8
8,368 8,419 8,441 8,434 8,596 8,607 8,495 8,686 8,524 8,587 8,521 8,550 8,580
62.2
63.2
62.4
62.4
62.2
63.1
62.1
61.9
63.3
61.5
62.2
61.5
61.6
624
771
692
729
707
603
767
742
748
846
843
776
731
8.4
7.6
6.8
8.0
7.8
6.5
8.3
8.1
7.9
9.0
9.0
8.3
7.9

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1988
Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct,

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597 117,456 117,545
40,504 40,407 40,483 40,925 40,928 41,083 40,890 40,902 41,102 41,089 40,636 40,572 40,775
28,890 28,995 29,053 29,589 29,412 29,569 29,656 29,739 29,481 29,552 29,220 29,461 29,475
6,344 6,375 6,399 6,416 6,385 6,256 6,243 6,331 6,403 6,456 6,342 6,437 6,348

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,661
1,405
177

1,672
1,450
125

1,698
1,349
149

1,684
1,387
189

1,645
1,419
150

1,656
1,403
138

1,554
1,419
124

1,610
1,358
127

1,550
1,412
126

1,695
1,434
126

1,803
1,420
137

1,671
1,441
135

1,680
1,413
121

103,733
17,240
86,493
1,152
85,341
8,479
232

103,770
17,387
86,383
1,209
85,174
8,619
300

103,904
17,423
86,481
1,210
85,271
8,602
266

104,510
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
298

104,797
17,311
87,486
1,135
86,350
8,517
285

104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332

104,985
17,180
87,806
1,117
86,689
8,671
281

105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
8,516
322

105,519
17,261
88,259
1,140
87,118
8,570
241

105,321
17,519
87,803
1,093
86,710
8,606
239

105,259
17,591
87,668
1,146
86,522
8,625
264

105,355
17,619
87,737
1,054
86,682
8,569
296

105,413
17,582
87,830
968
86,862
8,680
285

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,097 4,981 4,968 5,143 4,837 4,957 4,750 4,785 4,882 4,728
4,963 5,061 5,321
2,220 2,279 2,549 2,302 2,303 2,232 2,373 2,296 2,318 2,311 2,282 2,330 2,336
2,399 2,375 2,410 2,352 2,333 2,393 2,425 2,343 2,289 2,138 2,107 2,171 2,037
15,161 15,446 15,363 15,401 15,126 15,561 15,498 15,316 15,416 15,652 15,614 15,542 15,303

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,727 4,819 5,033 4,837 4,697 4,709 4,930 4,609 4,801 4,505 4,553 4,612 4,466
2,095 2,116 2,377 2,144 2,105 2,048 2,243 2,102 2,190 2,185 2,129 2,174 2,178
2,319 2,288 2,307 2,283 2,272 2,317 2,369 2,301 2,236 2,057 2,024 2,090 1,975
14,679 14,986 14,928 14,970 14,688 15,127 15,060 14,976 14,977 15,219 15,094 15,109 14,865

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Sex and age
Oct.
Total, 16 years and over ....

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597 117,456 117,545
19,930 19,877 19,852
6,781 6,835 6,795
2,689 2,770 2,686
4,090 4,045 4,150
13,149 13,042 13,057
95,619 96,062 96,151
80,950 81,242 81,399
14,690 14,790 14,771

19,741 19,797 19,996 19,899
6,748 6,703 6,783 6,812
2,602 2,563 2,639 2,639
4,125 4,163 4,186 4,177
12,993 13,095 13,213 13,088
96,988 97,020 97,125 97,167
82,036 82,160 82,165 82,204

19,784 19,959 19,796 19,877 19,457 19,506
6,726 6,786 6,687 6,840 6,683 6,796
2,593 2,526 2,439 2,563 2,560 2,672
4,123 4,221 4,244 4,245 4,138 4,117
13,059 13,173 13,109 13,038 12,774 12,710
97,384 97,602 97,740 97,758 98,010 97,984
82,436 82,721 82,852 83,066 83,178 83,252
14,924 14,803 14,933 14,928 14,948 14,863 14,912 14,727 14,830 14,801

63,450 63,532 63,521 63,790 64,051 64,399 64,246 64,202 64,609 64,462 64,415 64,070 64,497
10,303 10,379 10,288 10,198 10,377 10,530 10,385 10,243 10,412 10,303 10,301 10,015 10,235
3,446 3,533 3,472 3,370 3,415 3,530 3,489 3,403 3,515 3,540 3,562 3,386 3,516
1,404 1,433 1,385 1,270 1,298 1,377 1,338 1,304 1,296 1,273 1,379 1,260 1,376
2,040 2,105 2,135 2,088 2,134 2,179 2,149 2,089 2,206 2,264 2,163 2,134 2,128
6,857 6,846 6,816 6,828 6,962 7,000 6,896 6,839 6,897 6,763 6,739 6,628 6,720
53,136 53,152 53,227 53,573 53,659 53,897 53,842 53,949 54,222 54,208 54,155 54,079 54,246
44,669 44,712 44,779 45,001 45,091 45,278 45,163 45,398 45,619 45,644 45,725 45,646 45,809
8,482 8,436 8,470 8,563 8,536 8,603 8,643 8,543 8,589 8,605 8,430 8,427 8,478
52,123 52,415 52,488 52,921 52,802 52,737 52,866 53,013 52,932 52,997 53,183 53,386 53,048
9,627
3,335
1,285
2,050
6,292

9,498
3,302

9,564
3,323
1,301

9,543
3,378
1,332
2,037

9,420
3,287
1,265

9,466
3,253

9,515
3,323

9,541
3,322
1,289
2,034

1,262
1,301
2,029 2,007 2,028
1,940 2,015
6,196 6,241 6,165 6,133 6,213 6,192 6,219
42,483 42,910 42,924 43,415 43,361 43,228 43,325 43,434
36,281 36,530 36,620 37,035 37,069 36,886 37,042 37,039
6,208 6,354 6,301 6,361 6,267 6,331 6,285 6,404
1,337

9,547 9,493 9,576 9,443 9,270
3,271 3,147 3,278 3,297 3,280
1,230 1,166 1,184 1,300 1,296
2,015 1,980 2,082 2,004 1,989
6,276 6,346 6,298 6,146 5,990
43,379 43,533 43,603 43,931 43,737
37,102 37,208 37,341 37,533 37,443
6,274 6,306 6,297 6,403 6,323

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1989

1988
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

46




Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

Aug.

6,518

6,563

6,554

6,716

6,328

6,128

6,546

6,395

6,561

6,497

6,421

6,584

6,561

2,429
1,194
559
629
1,235
4,061
3,651
419

2,363
1,122
520
599
1,241
4,193
3,739
433

2,421
1,179
535
637
1,242
4,125
3,687
457

2,663
1,323
581
751
1,340
4,101
3,632
474

2,316
1,168
572
605
1,148
4,026
3,559
466

2,182
1,073
477
597
1,109
3,921
3,542
396

2,344
1,146
463
667
1,198
4,191
3,761
451

2,303
1,210
500
701
1,093
4,074
3,628
453

2,544
1,254
535
737
1,290
4,036
3,503
515

2,381
1,150
529
603
1,231
4,099
3,641
485

2,420
1,163
565
609
1,257
4,031
3,556
468

2,444
1,193
518
683
1,251
4,182
3,698
461

2,430
1,187
539
643
1,243
4,116
3,644
457

3,593

3,612

3,583

3,710

3,540

3,270

3,593

3,401

3,397

3,284

3,403

3,672

3,576

1,376
682
318
360
694
2,195
1,946
266

1,274
616
300
314
658
2,331
2,050
275

1,280
630
290
333
650
2,296
1,999
286

1,494
772
330
455
722
2,245
1,986
269

1,302
687
317
379
615
2,246
1,943
303

1,128
582
258
330
546
2,136
1,890
246

1,238
641
274
368
597
2,344
2,076
283

1,270
696
301
390
574
2,099
1,845
258

1,358
660
323
347
698
2,057
1,768
270

1,196
550
268
270
646
2,095
1,840
274

1,328
613
290
315
715
2,106
1,800
291

1,380
634
311
334
746
2,324
1,992
313

1,366
674
315
359
692
2,198
1,923
273

2,925

2,951

2,971

3,006

2,787

2,858

2,953

2,994

3,164

3,213

3,018

2,912

2,985

1,053
512
241
269
541
1,866
1,705
153

1,089
506
220
285
583
1,862
1,689
158

1,141
549
245
304
592
1,829
1,688
171

1,169
551
251
296
618
1,856
1,646
205

1,014
481
255
226
533
1,780
1,616
164

1,054
491
219
267
563
1,784
1,652
151

1,106
505
189
299
601
1,847
1,685
169

1,034
514
199
311
520
1,975
1,782
195

1,186
594
212
390
592
1,979
1,735
245

1,185
600
261
333
585
2,004
1,801
211

1,092
550
275
294
542
1,925
1,756
178

1,064
559
207
349
505
1,858
1,705
147

1,064
513
224
284
551
1,919
1,720
184

June

Sept.

Oct.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1988

1989

Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.3

10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
2.8

10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.8

10.9
14.8
16.6
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0

11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.1

10.5
14.8
18.2
12.7
8.1
4.0
4.2
3.1

9.8
13.7
15.3
12.5
7.7
3.9
4.1
2.6

10.5
14.4
14.9
13.8
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5
7.7
4.0
4.2
2.9

11.3
15.6
17.5
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3

10.7
14.7
17.8
12.4
8.6
4.0
4.2
3.1

10.9
14.5
18.1
12.5
8.8
4.0
4.1
3.1

11.2
15.1
16.8
14.2
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.0

11.1
14.9
16.8
13.5
8.9
4.0
4.2
3.0

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.2

4.8

5.3

5.0

5.0

4.8

5.0

5.4

5.3

11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.0

10.9
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.4
3.2

11.1
15.4
17.3
13.5
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.3

12.8
18.6
20.6
17.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0

11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1
8.1
4.0
4.1
3.4

9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
2.8

10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.2

11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.9

11.5
15.8
20.0
13.6
9.2
3.7
3.7
3.0

10.4
13.4
17.4
10.7
8.7
3.7
3.9
3.1

11.4
14.7
17.4
12.7
9.6
3.7
3.8
3.3

12.1
15.8
19.8
13.5
10.1
4.1
4.2
3.6

11.8
16.1
18.6
14.4
9.3
3.9
4.0
3.1

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.3

9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.4

10.3
13.3
14.1
12.8
8.6
4.2
4.4
2.4

10.7
14.2
15.8

10.9
14.0
15.9
12.7
9.1
4.1
4.3
3.1

9.7
12.8
16.8
10.0
8.0
3.9
4.2
2.5

10.0
13.1
14.8
11.7
8.3
4.0
4.3
2.3

10.4
13.2
12.7
12.8
8.9
4.1
4.4
2.6

9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3
7.7
4.4
4.6
3.0

11.0
15.4
14.7
16.2
8.6
4.4
4.5
3.8

11.1
16.0
18.3
14.4
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

10.2
14.4
18.8
12.4
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.7

10.1
14.5
13.7
14.8
7.6
4.1
4.3
2.2

10.3
13.5
14.7
12.5
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.8

13.1
8.7
4.1
4.4
2.6

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1989

1988
Category
Oct.

Nov. Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. Sept. Oct.

5.3
4.6
4.7
15.0

5.4
4.8
4.7
14.1

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8

5.4
4.6
4.7
16.4

5.1
4.5
4.5
14.8

5.0
4.2
4.6
13.7

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.4

5.2
4.3
4.8
15.2

5.3
4.3
4.9
15.6

5.2
4.3
5.0
14.7

5.2
4.4
4.7
14.5

5.3
4.8
4.5
15.1

5.3
4.5
4.7
14.9

4.6
9.8
11.2
7.8

4.6
10.0
11.2
8.0

4.6
10.0
11.6
7.6

4.6
10.6
12.0
8.4

4.3
10.6
11.9
6.8

4.2
9.8
10.9
6.5

4.6
9.6
10.8
8.3

4.4
9.5
11.0
7.9

4.5
10.3
11.9
8.1

4.6
9.6
10.9
9.0

4.5
9.5
11.1
9.0

4.5
10.1
11.6
8.3

4.4
10.3
11.8
7.9

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.1
3.7
8.2

3.1
3.6
8.0

3.1
3.4
8.0

2.9
3.5
7.9

3.2
4.0
7.6

2.9
3.8
8.3

2.8
3.8
7.9

2.9
3.8
8.7

3.1
3.9
8.0

3.4
3.8
7.6

3.0
4.0
7.6

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.0
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.0
7.1
1.2
6.2

5.1
7.0
1.2
6.3

5.0
7.9
1.2
6.2

4.8
7.3
1.1
5.9

4.8
6.2
1.1
5.8

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.8
6.9
1.1
5.9

4.8
7.7
1.0
6.1

4.9
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.9
6.9
1.1
5.9

5.0
7.3
1.1
5.9

4.9
7.1
1.1
5.8

5.4
6.4
8.8
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6
10.2

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3

5.4
6.4
7.7
10.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8

5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5

5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9

5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9

5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5

5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3

5.3
6.2
3.7
10.0
5.2
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.0
11.0

5.4
6.2
5.5
10.5
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.2
6.2
4.4
2.8
8.5

5.4
6.4
6.5
10.3
5.2
4.8
5.9
4.9
3.6
6.0
4.4
2.7
8.6

5.4
6.3
8.5
10.4
5.1
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.7
5.8
4.5
2.8
7.7

5.3
6.2
5.1
9.0
5.4
5.2
5.6
4.9
3.9
5.8
4.4
2.7
10.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Weeks of unemployment
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

3,059
1,835
1,554
788
766

3,117
1,935
1,502
787
715

3,029
2,039
1,495
758
737

3,181
2,081
1,512
757
755

3,247
1,865
1,304
665
639

3,055
1,821
1,310
648
663

3,090
2,034
1,426
689
737

3,041
2,017
1,313
702
611

3,309
1,999
1,258
659
599

3,149
1,927
1,472
846
626

3,071
2,011
1,305
737
567

3,156
2,036
1,370
789
581

3,138
1,972
1,374
728
646

13.4
5.7

12.6
5.6

12.8
5.8

12.7
5.7

12.1
5.3

12.4
5.4

12.7
5.4

11.8
5.3

11.1
5.5

12.0
5.6

11.3
5.0

11.4
5.0

11.8
4.9

100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9

100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9

100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2

100.0
47.0
30.7
22.3
11.2
11.1

100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3
10.4
10.0

100.0
49.4
29.4
21.2
10.5
10.7

100.0
47.2
31.1
21.8
10.5
11.3

100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0
9.6

100.0
50.4
30.4
19.2
10.0
9.1

100.0
48.1
29.4
22.5
12.9
9.6

100.0
48.1
31.5
20.4
11.5
8.9

100.0
48.1
31.0
20.9
12.0
8.8

100.0
48.4
30.4
21.2
11.2
10.0

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Reasons for unemployment
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747

3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799

3,066
819
2,247
998
1,725
799

3,121
827
2,294
985
1,835
780

2,876
774
2,102
985
1,740
765

2,831
808
2,023
885
1,730
713

2,984
847
2,137
978
1,894
671

2,724
790
1,934
1,114
1,852
683

2,765
806
1,958
1,023
2,051
742

2,920
822
2,097
1,010
1,934
724

2,984
873
2,111
1,040
1,768
628

2,915
828
2,087
1,039
1,946
629

2,917
753
2,163
979
1,891
685

100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6

100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2

100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1

100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6

100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0

100.0
46.0
13.1
32.8
14.4
28.1
11.6

100.0
45.7
13.0
32.7
15.0
29.0
10.3

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7

100.0
42.0
12.3
29.8
15.5
31.2
11.3

100.0
44.3
12.5
31.8
15.3
29.4
11.0

100.0
46.5
13.6
32.9
16.2
27.5
9.8

100.0
44.6
12.7
32.0
15.9
29.8
9.6

100.0
45.1
11.6
33.4
15.1
29.2
10.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.4
.6

2.3
.7
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.2
.8
1.7
.6

2.4
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.6
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

48




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construc-

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
(1)
4,664

1,417
1,410
1,447

3,503
3,458
3,502

(1)
(1)
905

(1)
(1)
(1)

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

O
(1)
(11)
()
(11)
(1)
()
O
(1)

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18.4Q3
19,110

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339

1937
1938
1939

31,011
29,194
30,603

27,255
25,311
26,608

12,936
11,401
12,297

1,015
891
854

1,127
1,070
1,165

10,794
9,440
10,278

18,075
17,793
18,306

3,134
2,863
2,936

1,762

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,212

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
721

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125

O
(1)

O

(1)

(11)
()
(11)
()
(1)

()

0

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1988:
October
November ..
December..
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
Octoberp ....
1

106,475
106,824
107,097

88,991
89,299
89,574

25,384
25,460
25,513

717
712
711

5,162
5,191
5,213

19,505
19,557
19,589

81,091
81,364
81,584

5,596
5,616
5,634

6,086
6,104
6,125

19,229
19,282
19,328

6,710
6,726
6,744

25,986
26,111
26,230

2,986
2,983
2,981

4,081
4,085
4,085

10,417
10,457
10,457

107,442
107,711
107,888
108,101
108,310
108,607
108,767
108,887
109,088
109,321

89,897
90,124
90,291
90,475
90,623
90,884
91,016
91,083
91,185
91,324

25,626
25,629
25,646
25,671
25,672
25,648
25,669
25,694
25,607
25,604

711
711
714
720
722
715
706
729
730
732

5,267
5,270
5,252
5,279
5,283
5,283
5,314
5,321
5,321
5,329

19,648
19,648
19,680
19,672
19,667
19,650
19,649
19,644
19,556
19,543

81,816
82,082
82,242
82,430
82,638
82,959
83,098
83,193
83,481
83,717

5,654
5,667
5,666
5,682
5,700
5,716
5,736
5,618
5,711
5,738

6,146
6,171
6,197
6,206
6,222
6,230
6,237
6,256
6,264
6,270

19,407
19,460
19,488
19,489
19,528
19,551
19,586
19,621
19,629
19,653

6,746
6,763
6,774
6,776
6,790
6,808
6,815
6,836
6,851
6,852

26,318
26,434
26,520
26,651
26,711
26,931
26,973
27,058
27,123
27,207

2,978
2,982
2,982
2,982
2,999
2,995
3,000
2,999
3,016
3,004

4,084
4,095
4,102
4,111
4,119
4,136
4,145
4,154
4,214
4,224

10,483
10,510
10,513
10,533
10,569
10,592
10,606
10,651
10,673
10,769

,

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1985) are subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Mining.

534

534

64.2
9.6
14.2

41.7
6.8
10.3

42.2
6.9
10.4

51.3
8.1
11.3

51.1
8.0
11.4

122.5
120.6

122.4
120.6

118.1
116.3

118.7
116.8

270.6
99.2
171.4

268.3
98.9
169.4

271.7
97.2
174.5

272.5
95.3
177.2

90.9
33.9

89.9
33.5

92.9
34.4

91.9
34.1

4,304

4,277

4,485

4,421

739

739

53.4
8.4
13.4

54.1
8.4
13.5

64.6
9.7
14.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

149.8
147.6

149.4
147.3

143.9
141.8

144.4
142.1

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

406.5
199.0
207.5

404.2
198.4
205.8

409.3
198.1
211.2

410.5
196.1
214.4

118.1
42.9
37.7
17.1

117.2
42.4
37.1
17.5

121.2
43.3
38.9
18.0

120.0
43.0
38.8
17.6

5,442

5,415

5,677

5,603

14
142
144
147

Construction .
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

741

413.2

5,585

Oct.
1989P

Durable goods.
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

535

4,401

1,426.3 1,420.6 1,481.8 1,449.2 1,444.5 1,056.7 1,051.2 1,096.4 1,067.1
759.1 801.3
783.5
765.1
555.9 549.8
581.0
565.5
48.0
47.7
46.9
46.3
21.8
21.4
21.1
20.8
633.6 619.4
613.2
613.8
479.0 480.0 494.3 480.8
848.1
294.1
554.0

842.9
288.2
554.7

881.0
290.3
590.7

881.1
288.5
592.6

719.0
248.6
470.4

3,167.8 3,151.7 3,314.5 3,272.9
679.8 681.9
691.0 682.3
183.6
185.9
199.3
194.5
565.0 565.3
580.5
572.5
524.4
535.1
548.4
551.8
198.3
199.9
213.0
210.0
226.1
224.1
241.8
237.8

11,524 11,558

11,534

781.2
97.7
209.1
170.5
35.0
270.1
106.6
72.2
24.6
37.7
43.9
72.5
48.7
87.9

786.4
100.9
210.7
172.0
35.3
273.5
108.5
71.8
24.6
37.1
43.5
72.
50.6
85.

783.0
94.7
210.2
171.8
34.9
274.0
108.8
72.8
24.4
38.5
43.9
72.9
48.5
87.3

11,540 11,493
780.0
101.1
209.,
170.;
35.6
270.1
106.7
71.1
24.4
36.9
42.9
71.5
50.0
85.

714.2
243.2
471.0

745.4
244.1
501.3

745.2
242.9
502.3

2,527.9 2,511.3 2,642.8 2,608.2
508.7
510.3
513.8
507.1
158.0
155.4
169.2
165.2
443.3
444.0
452.9
445.8
473.6
463.2 452.9
476.4
153.6
168.7
167.2
155.9
182.1
195.9
192.7
179.8

19,587 19,615 19,722 19,718 19,647

Manufacturing




Sept.
1989P

523

725

10
101
102

50

Aug.
1989

526

728

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.

See footnotes at end of table.

Oct.
1988

89,416 89,571 91,973 91,871 91,896 72,456 72,596 74,547 74,424 74,472

Total private.

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Sept.
1988

106,601 107,279 108,666 109,477 110,124

Total .

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals....

Oct.
1989P

773.7

13,413 13,433 13,452 13,473 13,415
7,712

7,739

7,667

7,690

7,658

653.2
78.3
185.0
151.2
30.8
225.6
88.2
58.4
21.2
34.7
37.2
55.7
39.8
71.4

650.4
81.5
183.5
149.6
30.8
221.1
85.7
57.5
21.3
34.0
37.2
55.2
39.9
71.9

654.2
83.9
184.1
150.3
31.0
224.1
87.3
57.4
21.4
33.4
36.8
55.7
41.5
69.6

648.2
84.0
183.2
148.9
31.4
220.7
85.7
56.6
21.1
33.2
36.1
54.8
40.9
69.4

642.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
P nr 4p
uUUc

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

531.5
307.7
138.4
100.6
24.4
30.9
70.7
33.8
80.8
38.5

535.8
311.4
138.7
101.4
26.6
30.6
70.6
34.2
80.8
38.8

527.0
301.9
135.1
101.6
21.6
30.2
69.5
34.5
82.3
38.8

529.7
304.3
135.9
101.3
22.3
30.5
69.2
34.2
83.1
38.9

529.6
-

425.4
260.4
121.2
84.5
19.4
24.1
53.4
26.5
59.2
25.9

429.3
263.8
121.4
85.3
21.5
23.7
53.2
26.9
59.1
26.3

419.4
254.0
117.9
84.6
16.7
23.2
51.8
27.2
60.0
26.4

422.2
256.3
118.5
84.6
17.5
23.5
51.8
27.0
60.6
26.5

422.7
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

611.6
15.9
86.5
43.8
42.7
55.2
19.7
39.0
37.7
222.8
21.3
74.7
106.9
120.3
22.1
8.9
26.7

611.0
16.0
86.1
44.1
42.0
55.3
19.6
39.1
37.9
221.7
21.1
75.0
105.6
120.7
22.2
8.8
27.0

613.2
16.5
83.9
42.8
41.1
56.0
19.9
38.2
38.7
224.0
19.9
76.9
107.3
120.7
22.7
8.7
26.7

608.3
16.3
83.8
42.4
41.4
55.9
19.4
37.7
38.4
221.7
19.5
76.6
106.0
119.6
22.5
8.6
26.6

606.3
_

477.4
12.5
74.7
39.8
34.9
41.9
15.0
30.7
30.0
172.7
13.9
57.0
86.4
88.6
15.3
6.6
-

476.7
12.7
74.5
40.1
34.4
42.0
14.9
30.8
30.3
170.9
13.8
57.0
84.6
89.2
15.5
6.6
-

477.8
13.3
72.4
38.9
33.5
43.1
15.3
29.6
30.9
172.9
13.0
58.6
85.9
88.6
16.2
6.5
-

473.8
13.1
72.6
38.6
34.0
42.8
14.8
29.1
30.7
171.1
12.7
58.4
84.8
87.7
16.0
6.3
-

472.5
_

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

781.1
276.7
207.9
24.9
142.0
87.3
9.6
30.2
45.1
26.9
181.5
23.4
28.4
77.7
90.2
55.3

781.4
275.4
206.9
24.8
142.7
87.7
9.5
30.3
45.0
26.8
182.0
23.5
28.3
78.2
90.7
55.3

782.7
276.3
207.9
24.7
143.3
86.7
8.9
31.4
45.7
27.0
181.0
23.5
27.8
76.6
89.9
53.3

779.0
273.5
205.8
24.5
143.7
87.4
8.9
31.1
44.7
26.2
180.6
23.4
27.0
77.3
89.9
53.0

773.8
270.6
-

599.9
214.6
162.7
18.8
114.5
71.7
7.3
23.8
33.5
20.5
130.9
18.0
19.5
56.8
72.7
45.4

599.8
212.9
161.2
18.8
115.3
72.2
7.2
23.9
33.5
20.5
131.2
18.1
19.4
57.3
73.0
45.2

596.7
213.1
161.9
18.6
114.5
71.0
6.8
24.6
34.0
20.8
129.6
18.0
18.4
55.9
71.2
42.9

594.7
210.8
160.3
18.4
115.3
72.0
6.8
24.3
33.2
20.1
129.8
17.9
18.0
56.7
71.2
42.7

590.5
208.8
_

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

1,443.9 1,451.2 1,437.3 1,446.4 1,441.6 1,078.5 1,085.0 1,064.0 1,072.7 1,068.9
_
44.7
53.3
53.4
51.9
45.3
52.6
46.0
46.1
42.2
42.4
36.6
41.3
37.0
42.1
35.9
36.8
132.4
134.0
139.0
102.7
138.8
97.0
103.1
98.8
45.3
45.1
47.0
46.7
32.7
34.2
33.8
33.1
77.1
75.8
61.1
80.7
80.8
56.3
61.1
57.6
61.0
60.6
44.6
61.4
61.2
43.4
45.1
44.2
25.4
25.9
18.3
24.9
19.0
18.2
24.8
18.7
23.0
22.6
15.4
16.3
16.0
23.0
22.8
15.9
314.7
314.1
436.4
314.5
436.9 439.2 439.9
314.6
79.2
79.0
56.8
57.2
78.4
56.9
78.5
57.1
84.6
84.5
83.2
61.1
61.9
84.2
62.3
62.0
108.4
107.7
72.0
71.2
106.1
105.2
72.3
72.9
100.9
76.3
75.8
101.1
101.4
100.8
75.9
75.5
33.2
33.3
33.7
24.8
33.4
24.2
25.2
24.2

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ...
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment ....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,094.6 2,105.3 2,140.9 2,145.6 2,135.3 1,259.7 1,267.4 1,291.1 1,297.8 1,291.6
63.0
96.8
96.9
62.5
94.7
95.6
62.7
62.7
15.1
28.7
28.9
14.8
25.7
16.6
25.3
16.8
47.9
47.7
46.1
68.1
68.0
69.4
45.9
69.9
74.5
73.7
75.9
107.9
77.9
106.5
103.1
104.0
53.1
53.3
56.9
56.5
80.2
80.9
76.8
76.5
236.6 237.4
230.1
230.1
144.7
140.8
140.8
145.3
84.9
86.3
82.8
82.8
52.6
51.7
51.5
53.3
10.2
10.1
10.1
16.7
16.7
16.5
16.5
10.2
24.7
25.2
25.5
41.4
42.2
42.3
42.3
24.4
19.7
18.9
19.0
35.4
19.7
36.5
36.6
35.2
19.8
18.7
18.8
19.7
28.8
28.7
27.2
27.1
337.0
318.7 321.3 334.7
229.6 231.4
240.5 242.7
53.8
54.1
49.9
32.4
50.5
32.0
34.7
35.1
12.1
18.7
12.0
19.5
19.6
18.8
12.4
12.6
156.4
158.3
150.6
151.8
116.6
120.6
115.9
122.2
58.8
42.4
62.0
62.1
59.3
44.0
42.0
44.0
16.4
23.5
23.5
22.5
22.6
16.4
16.4
16.3
178.1
178.7
174.0
174.6
104.6
104.4
105.9
106.6
35.8
36.0
35.4
35.4
21.3
21.2
21.5
21.7
13.9
20.9
20.9
21.0
20.9
14.0
13.9
13.8
17.5
17.7
16.8
29.0
28.9
29.1
16.7
29.3
162.9
161.5
250.3 251.9 256.6 256.9
165.6
166.1
25.7
25.7
45.9
46.1
44.5
26.8
44.9
26.9
33.0
32.9
43.7
44.1
42.5
34.0
42.5
34.4
13.1
13.0
22.7
22.3
22.3
12.7
22.3
12.5
20.2
19.9
31.8
31.7
30.8
21.3
31.1
21.3
11.9
11.9
17.6
17.6
17.2
12.2
17.3
12.3
12.6
12.4
18.8
18.7
18.4
12.8
18.5
12.7
153.7
153.6
474.6 475.8 476.5 475.0
158.0
157.1
128.5
128.3
419.3 420.7 421.0 419.7
132.5
131.2
133.7
132.6
186.8
187.1
184.3
134.4
185.4
135.0
95.8
94.8
131.0
131.7
128.3
97.3
129.2
98.1
264.8
202.8 203.4 204.4
201.0
266.6 268.3 268.7
28.1
28.3
30.9
24.6
24.5
30.9
21.8
22.1
240.4
233.9 235.7 240.2
178.2
176.5
181.6
182.3

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,077.8 2,081.7 2,033.6 2,029.7 2,025.4 1,233.3 1,237.6 1,191.9 1,194.4 1,193.7
107.8
106.0
106.3
107.2
76.9
76.5
74.8
75.3
52.3
52.0
53.4
38.6
53.1
38.3
37.6
37.2
38.3
54.1
54.4
53.7
54.3
38.2
37.2
38.1
185.4
184.9
184.8
185.1
129.3
129.6
129.0
129.1
89.6
90.7
89.9
91.0
71.2
71.5
70.2
70.9
60.7
59.8
59.8
35.1
35.1
61.1
35.9
35.7
142.5
141.9
138.0
138.3
115.8
115.2
110.3
110.9
28.7
27.9
27.0
29.0
23.6
23.8
22.9
22.1
22.9
23.0
23.0
22.8
18.7
18.6
18.4
18.5
38.2
39.0
39.3
31.4
38.9
31.2
29.9
30.7

See footnotes at end of table.

52




101.1
50.3
50.8
230.5
31.9
102.2
83.9
122.5
80.0
42.5
76.2
42.2
224.6
76.6
54.4

101.4
50.3
51.1
233.7
32.1
105.0
84.0
125.1
81.6
43.5
75.8
42.0
226.0
76.7
55.0

99.1
48.6
50.5
226.2
32.0
98.3
83.3
129.1
83.8
45.3
71.0
39.6
226.3
78.4
56.1

100.4
49.4
51.0
231.5
33.2
101.9
83.8
130.2
84.1
46.1
70.5
39.0
225.6
77.9
55.5

111
41.5
36.2
183.6
24.5
86.0
63.9
98.0
64.4
33.6
48.3
24.0
164.2
51.8
41.6

77.6
41.2
36.4
186.7
24.5
88.7
64.2
100.4
65.9
34.5
47.6
23.5
165.1
51.9
42.2

75.5
39.5
36.0
178.9
24.6
81.7
63.0
102.5
67.2
35.3
42.9
21.0
163.2
52.4
42.5

76.4
40.1
36.3
183.6
25.7
85.0
63.4
103.2
67.3
35.9
42.7
20.6
163.2
52.1
42.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1988

199.0
26.5
78.7
16.5
28.1
88.1
64.7
562.6
110.9
451.7
637.0
38.9
264.9
256.5
156.9
29.6
68.5

Oct.
1988

200.4
26.6
78.6
16.5
28.8
89.2
65.5
559.5
110.3
449.2
637.9
38.7
265.3
256.7
159.5
30.4
70.3

Aug.
1989

195.1
25.7
75.9
16.6
28.1
95.8
71.4
537.7
102.4
435.3
619.3
38.4
259.7
249.8
156.3
28.9
68.3

Sept.
1989P

197.8
26.1
76.2
16.6
28.6
96.4
71.8
533.3
101.0
432.3
614.7
38.6
257.3
248.2
158.1
29.6
69.3

Oct.
1989P

_

_

Sept.
1988

144.0
22.6
51.2
12.1
21.5
61.8
43.8
235.1
66.2
168.9
359.8
25.2
105.2
172.3
111.3
22.7
52.4

Oct.
1988

145.0
22.5
51.2
12.2
22.0
62.9
44.7
233.8
66.0
167.8
360.3
25.0
105.3
172.6
113.6
23.2
54.2

Aug.
1989

140.3
21.8
49.0
12.4
21.0
68.0
49.1
215.8
60.5
155.3
345.1
24.1
98.0
170.8
108.6
22.1
52.0

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

143.3
22.3
49.6
12.3
21.5
68.4
49.1
213.7
59.3
154.4
343.9
24.2
98.1
169.9
109.8
22.7
52.6

2,053.1 2,059.8 2,032.8 2,044.3 2,026.4 1,281.3 1,286.7 1,252.5 1,266.1 1,252.1
865.5 870.4 846.4
850.6 832.1 676.8 681.3
650.2 654.6 638.5
_
_
363.4 354.4 355.9
359.9
276.1
272.8
261.4 263.2
43.4
44.2
43.3
43.7
34.1
33.8
33.8
34.5
401.3 403.4
408.8 410.7
327.9
320.7
329.3
318.0
_
29.2
31.4
29.0
31.8
25.1
25.2
22.9
23.1
694.4 693.1
699.6 704.6
335.7
336.7
340.8
335.7
367.8
367.1
384.2
383.3
161.2
160.3
169.1
168.0
151.2
147.1
153.0
154.0
76.5
76.5
75.3
71.7
169.2
172.3
173.3
169.2
98.0
99.9
96.4
96.0
183.4
181.9
188.6
185.9
139.5
137.9
136.0
133.6
_
120.1
117.9
115.5
79.9
121.2
83.1
80.9
85.3
70.7
70.4
62.2
61.8
58.0
50.7
58.6
50.5
_
40.4
34.8
38.9
34.1
25.3
30.1
29.0
25.9
_
206.7
212.7
206.0
212.0
63.7
63.3
64.1
63.7
_
155.2
154.5
152.2
152.5
43.9
43.6
43.7
43.3
49.1
46.5
50.1
32.9
33.6
46.6
31.1
31.3
18.9
20.7
21.4
16.7
19.0
16.1
14.9
14.7

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

755.0
96.4
263.0
49.2
60.2
107.4
29.9
202.7
100.5
87.7
39.2
112.0
11.8

757.6
96.5
264.0
48.9
60.6
107.7
30.0
203.6
100.4
88.6
39.1
112.6
11.8

783.1
99.7
271.8
49.8
63.8
110.3
30.3
212.6
106.4
91.2
40.2
117.1
11.4

779.1
99.5
271.1
49.5
63.4
109.9
30.2
212.6
106.3
91.4
40.5
113.8
11.4

780.2
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles ...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

391.9
55.3
39.6
13.2
105.4
47.3
58.1
33.5
42.8
22.4
141.7
62.0

393.0
55.4
39.6
13.2
105.5
47.5
58.0
33.5
42.1
21.9
143.3
62.8

396.5
54.2
39.2
13.0
107.4
47.7
59.7
34.3
46.0
25.2
141.6
61.8

398.1
55.5
40.2
13.1
107.1
48.0
59.1
34.0
45.6
25.4
142.8
61.8

401.1
_

_

-

_
_
_
-

416.7
43.5
151.3
32.5
32.2
54.9
15.4
122.3
58.1
56.0
27.1
48.2
8.9

418.6
43.6
151.7
32.2
32.5
55.1
15.5
123.1
58.3
56.6
26.9
48.9
8.9

430.4
46.3
154.4
33.4
34.1
55.0
16.2
127.1
61.4
57.3
27.9
50.2
8.3

430.3
46.3
154.5
33.1
33.9
55.4
16.2
127.3
61.6
57.3
28.0
49.6
8.4

431.3
_

286.6
39.0
27.9
11.0
78.8
34.5
44.3
23.5
33.6
17.3
100.7
42.9

287.1
39.6
28.2
11.0
78.5
34.4
44.1
23.6
32.4
16.7
102.0
43.3

288.9
38.5
27.6
10.8
78.6
34.2
44.4
23.9
37.3
20.5
99.8
42.7

289.8
39.3
28.3
10.8
78.4
34.4
44.0
23.5
36.5
20.4
101.3
42.6

292.2
_

_
_

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
,
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool.
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yam mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

54




Allemployees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Production workers

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

5,694 5,785 5,783 5,757
8,063 8,057 8,188 8,178 8,154 5,701
1,707.8 1,685.7 1,752.4 1,761.0 1,729.0 1,230.2 1,210.4 1,273.3 1,281.3 1,250.9
_
343.4 346.6 363.9 363.7
405.3 408.6 427.9 427.4
142.5 145.9 146.1
142.1
118.9 119.5 122.4 122.8
84.1
82.2
59.8
84.0
81.2
62.2
60.7
62.1
159.7 161.3 173.8 173.5
157.8 157.5
144.9 146.3
96.1
99.4
159.3 157.0 160.7 157.6
95.0
96.4
42.4
43.5
42.2
33.6
32.4
32.2
42.8
33.0
74.6
75.3
75.8
76.5
38.2
37.7
37.8
37.3
303.2 274.7 322.7 332.4
256.6 228.5 274.7 284.0
27.1
26.4
18.4
24.1
25.1
19.9
17.6
20.6
96.7 138.4 142.7
107.5
123.2
81.8 122.1
126.2
51.1
51.5
62.2
60.5
57.4
57.6
54.4
56.2
129.5 130.4
88.0
126.2 126.9
90.1
89.2
91.1
23.9
23.8
22.0
22.1
15.3
16.1
15.9
15.5
27.2
43.0
42.9
43.1
42.8
27.1
27.4
27.3
125.7 125.6 126.3 126.8
204.5 204.7 205.0 205.6
88.8
157.0 157.5 159.3 158.9
91.2
89.1
90.8
46.7
45.7
47.5
36.9
47.2
35.1
36.5
36.0
77.7
81.1
99.8 106.2
102.2 111.7
90.1
84.1
17.4
20.1
25.6
15.8
19.8
13.3
21.0
15.5
64.1
60.3
60.1
64.2
49.7
50.4
54.2
53.7
31.1
32.8
31.8
23.2
31.1
22.8
24.2
22.7
206.0 201.6 203.2 202.1
89.5
87.2
86.5
86.5
41.6
41.6
41.1
41,9
25.1
25.7
24.8
25.5
115.7 113.5 115.3 113.5
39.0
38.7
37.5
37.2
169.3 167.7 172.5 168.2
126.6 124.7 131.2 126.0
58.1
40.8

58.7
40.8

52.2
38.5

53.5
36.7

53.7
-

43.4
30.0

44.1
30.1

38.5
28.3

40.6
27.3

40.6
-

730.0
98.9
90.5
18.9
24.3
211.2
32.8
36.4
71.0
26.3
25.5
60.8
25.4
21.6
61.0
107.9
80.8
14.9
56.5

728.9
98.2
90.5
19.0
24.5
210.3
32.7
36.3
70.7
26.1
25.6
60.5
25.4
21.6
61.2
108.3
81.3
15.0
56.4

729.0
95.7
90.6
19.4
24.8
214.0
32.6
38.4
71.8
25.3
27.5
61.7
25.7
21.8
63.1
104.0
78.7
13.9
55.7

727.7
95.9
90.6
19.2
24.8
212.8
32.4
38.3
71.1
24.9
27.7
62.4
26.2
22.1
63.0
103.5
78.1
14.0
55.5

728.5
_

632.8
89.5
80.1
15.3
20.9
186.3
29.8
32.8
63.3
22.2
22.2
50.2
20.9
17.4
49.5
96.8
73.2
13.2
44.2

631.4
88.8
80.1
15.4
21.0
185.6
29.6
32.7
63.1
22.1
22.4
50.0
21.0
17.4
49.6
96.8
73.4
13.2
44.1

629.9
86.1
80.2
15.6
21.1
188.4
29.2
34.9
63.8
21.3
24.0
50.5
20.9
17.4
51.4
93.4
70.9
12.5
43.2

628.0
86.5
80.1
15.5
21.1
186.5
28.9
34.7
62.9
20.9
24.1
51.0
21.2
17.7
51.3
93.0
70.5
12.5
43.0

629.0
_

917.7
51.0
258.7
64.5
43.8
78.6
282.0
36.3
63.2
32.6
149.9

921.5
50.6
257.6
64.4
44.0
76.7
284.7
36.3
64.3
31.6
152.5

921.3
46.6
260.0
65.1
41.7
80.7
279.5
34.8
61.8
33.5
149.4

920.1
46.0
259.8
65.4
41.8
80.5
276.9
34.5
59.9
33.1
149.4

919.6
_

-

1,090.8 1,092.8 1,093.5 1,090.6 1,091.4
54.7
54.2
58.4
58.7
300.4 298.2 301.2 300.5
75.7
75.7
75.4
75.6
48.7
48.7
50.6
50.5
92.0
92.2
88.2
90.0
_
338.5 340.9 334.5 331.1
_
44.1
42.2
41.6
44.0
74.8
76.4
72.9
77.6
40.1
39.6
38.4
39.1
178.9 180.9 177.4 177.0

_
_

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uUUc

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

70.9
57.3
13.6
57.5
22.2
43.5
203.8
25.7
54.8
43.4

71.2
57.3
13.9
57.1
22.3
43.7
205.4
25.7
56.1
43.4

69.5
55.7
13.8
56.6
21.8
45.0
213.1
26.8
57.7
44.0

68.9
55.4
13.5
56.7
21.7
45.2
214.8
26.6
58.1
45.5

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

694.5
193.0
172.5
52.5
241.0
60.3
26.9
53.3
208.0
45.9
112.7
22.8

696.0
193.3
172.7
52.2
241.8
60.4
27.1
53.5
208.7
46.1
113.1
22.4

704.0
197.5
177.0
53.7
241.3
61.3
26.2
53.3
211.5
47.0
114.0
22.3

698.9
194.4
174.2
52.8
240.1
60.4
26.1
53.6
211.6
47.4
113.8
21.9

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

58.8
49.3
9.5
48.3
19.3
35.8
169.1
21.1
46.7
36.3

59.1
49.3
9.8
47.8
19.3
36.1
171.4
21.2
47.7
37.2

57.6
48.1
9.5
47.9
19.0
37.1
177.2
22.3
48.5
36.8

57.2
47.8
9.4
47.8
19.0
37.5
179.3
22.2
48.9
38.2

524.5
146.1
130.1
40.0
176.8
36.3
20.8
41.9
161.6
36.5
84.9
19.3

524.9
146.3
130.1
39.7
176.9
35.9
20.9
42.1
162.0
36.7
85.1
18.9

530.4
150.0
133.6
41.0
175.3
35.5
20.3
41.8
164.1
37.5
85.8
18.7

527.9
147.5
131.4
40.6
175.8
35.8
20.2
42.1
164.0
37.8
85.5
18.4

529.0
_

1,566.7 1,575.2 1,606.3 1,605.5 1,612.0
_
474.4 476.5 476.8 476.1
_
131.7
136.4
136.8
130.4
120.4
118.0
113.2
114.0
_
87.6
89.3
83.3
83.8
_
30.4
31.1
29.9
30.2
_
82.9
79.4
83.0
79.0
558.6 562.0 571.5 574.1
178.3
177.5
172.8
172.7
_
359.2 362.2 366.9 368.7
_
48.8
49.2
49.2
49.0
82.4
82.9
78.7
77.7
60.7
60.8
59.4
58.4
-

873.5
169.9
46.3
59.5
35.3
24.2
39.5
406.8
123.9
261.6
33.8
61.3
43.2

879.4
170.9
47.0
58.3
34.3
24.0
40.0
410.1
124.2
264.3
33.7
62.1
44.0

889.1
166.5
48.5
63.0
38.1
24.9
40.9
414.9
127.6
265.6
33.1
64.4
44.5

887.8
166.3
48.7
60.7
36.5
24.2
40.5
416.5
128.1
266.6
33.4
63.7
44.5

891.4
_

1,074.4 1,073.5 1,104.2 1,096.8 1,094.6
_
136.2
132.7
135.6
133.4
_
91.4
91.5
89.8
90.6
_
187.9
189.3
179.6
178.8
88.7
83.9
83.7
87.9
70.4
71.1
66.9
66.4
_
234.0 233.6 244.8 242.9
192.9
192.7 201.7 200.2
162.4
163.8
163.3
164.4
43.6
44.1
43.9
44.2
45.9
46.1
44.5
44.3
73.8
72.9
74.7
75.9
_
63.8
64.4
63.6
63.5
_
150.2
150.7
147.5
147.2
31.0
31.0
30.0
30.2
119.2
119.7
117.3
117.2
_
52.3
52.7
51.5
51.3
101.7
102.3
101.7
101.8

602.6
67.3
49.2
117.7
49.7
47.5
102.7
83.1
106.3
27.4
25.2
53.7
31.6
85.3
18.5
66.8
32.3
59.4

600.6
66.5
48.3
117.9
49.7
47.7
102.6
83.2
104.8
27.4
25.3
52.1
31.6
85.1
18.5
66.6
32.6
59.5

621.7
70.7
48.5
124.1
52.4
50.9
107.8
89.0
103.5
27.5
25.8
50.2
32.9
89.2
19.2
70.0
32.2
61.3

616.7
70.4
48.3
123.4
52.1
50.4
106.8
88.4
102.4
27.4
25.4
49.6
32.2
88.6
19.2
69.4
32.1
60.8

614.8
_

107.8
78.3
22.6

107.3
78.1
22.3

109.5
79.5
22.7

109.2
79.3
22.6

109.1
_

164.2
122.7
28.9

163.5
122.2
28.8

166.4
124.5
28.9

165.3
123.4
28.9

_

699.9
_

_
-

165.1
-

_

_

_

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods.

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

19.7
78.0
480.3

20.1
78.3
483.2

20.1
74.8
485.3

20.5
75.6
484.5

-

140.7

120.9
11.4
71.1
29.8
25.2
8.7
13.8

120.3
11.3
70.5
29.9
24.7
8.7
13.8

118.3
12.0
68.6
28.1
25.1
8.8
13.3

117.4
12.0
67.3
27.6
24.7
8.8
13.5

116.8

5,757

5,786

4,677

4,697

4,665

4,795

4,823

3,521

3,594

3,623

303,4
306
307

26.6
101.4
609.2

27.1
101.8
612.7

27.1
98.2
616.5

27.2
98.7
615.8

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

145.8
13.6
83.2
36.8
28.5
11.9
17.6

145.5
13.6
82.8
37.0
28.0
11.8
17.6

142.1
14.3
80.1
34.2
28.2
11.9
16.7

141.1
14.3
78.8
33.8
27.8
11.8
16.9

5,627

5,645

5,617

3,410

3,432

302.3
261.6

301.4
260.7

298.0
254.0

296.2
252.2

Local and interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

324.1
122.1
35.0
29.6
108.6

330.3
122.2
35.3
29.8
113.5

279.3
131.1
34.0
29.5
54.1

348.4
132.7
34.5
29.8
118.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

180.1
30.7
97.8

174.9
29.8
93.7

185.6
33.8
100.2

181.3
32.8
97.5

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .

45
451,2
458

655.9
566.7
89.2

654.9
564.8
90.1

702.9
604.8
98.1

710.2
612.1
98.1

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

18.5

18.3

19.5

19.0

Transportation services.
Freight forwarding

47
471

320.2
71.2

323.6
73.0

346.0
77.0

345.5
77.3

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment .
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

56




50
501
5012
5013

Oct.
1989P

656.1

837.6
84.6
11.3

40
4011

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Sept.
1989P

654.3
64.3
9.4

838.1
86.2
10.1

48
481
483
4832
4833

Aug.
1989

653.2
64.8
8.2

837.5
84.6
11.3

Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

Oct.
1988

653.8
62.9
9.3

830.7
82.3
11.2

Transportation .

839.5

Sept.
1988

647.7
60.4
9.3

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities

Oct.
1989P

1,609.2 1,628.1 1,689.5 1,693.5
1,488.8 1,500.6 1,567.6 1,567.3
121.9
127.5
120.4
126.2

2,096 2,163
2,213
2,217
1,283.1 1,280.1 1,147.7 1,224.0
749.3 825.1
896.9 894.1
246.5 246.9
240.5 240.1
119.7
123.1
120.0
122.4
120.4
123.4
120.5
124.5

_

-

-

-

297.1
110.8

303.8
111.2

250.3
116.3

318.4
118.1

26.7

26.9

26.8

26.9

1,404.0 1,421.7 1,478.9 1,480.5
1,302.3 1,313.0 1,376.9 1,375.1
101.7
108.7
105.4
102.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

14.1

13.7

-

-

-

13.1

12.9

_

_
2,163
967.6
656.5
197.8

967.7
656.1
197.9

847.2
524.4
203.6

920.6
596.7
204.3

736.6
344.4
130.7
158.4
80.4

736.0
344.7
130.5
157.9
80.5

750.6
347.5
134.4
158.9
86.2

741.0
342.6
131.7
156.9
86.7

933.6
453.2
165.4
193.5
92.6

932.7
452.8
165.4
193.0
92.8

947.8
452.5
170.5
195.5
99.3

939.3
447.6
167.8
194.2
100.1

6,090

6,111

6,293

6,282

6,294

4,909

4,927

5,073

5,056

3,591
433.7
120.3
282.7

3,604
433.4
120.6
282.0

3,727
439.2
123.9
283.9

3,717
436.9
123.2
282.3

3,721

2,870
348.6

2,881
348.8

2,980
355.3

2,965
352.4

-

-

-

5,070

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Pnrlp
uUUc

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

155.5
154.1
152.6
156.2
72.0
70.6
70.1
72.5
83.5
83.7
83.5
82.5
241.6
242.9
229.8
229.5
124.5
125.4
119.0
118.6
117.1
110.8
110.9
117.5
98.8
99.2
91.0
89.9
144.7
144.9
142.1
141.1
531.8 532.9
512.0
508.0
279.5 280.9
267.8
265.3
69.2
69.4
67.5
66.2
182.8
182.9
176.7
176.5
282.8
280.5
280.8 284.7
96.6
97.2
97.6
97.8
115.4
116.9
117.2
114.3
1,529.5 1,530.1 1,587.0 1,583.0
560.7
560.5
550.4
549.2
87.0
87.0
82.7
82.6
125.6
126.9
117.4
118.4
352.2 352.0
336.2 337.0
147.6
148.2
140.1
139.8
179.4
180.7
176.9
177.3
240.6
240.7
230.9
226.4
113.6
113.2
107.8
106.0

Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

123.0
_
_
188.1
_
_
72.9
112.0
389.9
_

_

Oct.
1988

124.4
_
_
188.4
_
_
73.7
112.6
393.4
_

Aug.
1989

126.5
_
_
199.9
_
_
79.5
115.1
404.1
_

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

125.8
_
_
198.1
_
_
78.9
114.7
404.2

_
_
_
226.4 226.9
231.2 229.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,226.7 1,226.9 1,274.3 1,268.1
_
_
_
_

_
_
182.7
-

_
186.0
-

_
194.4
-

_
193.7
-

2,039
178.4
152.7
148.6
707.0
_

2,046
179.2
154.5
151.0
704.1
_

2,093
185.4
158.4
159.4
715.8
_

2,091
185.2
158.0
160.0
714.4
_

_
92.6
160.4
_
125.0
_
365.3
-

_
92.5
159.7
_
_
123.7
_
_
365.6
-

_
95.2
165.8
_
_
129.4
_
_
383.4
-

_
94.1
164.1
_
_
127.1
_
_
383.0
-

2,499
220.8
182.3
192.5
837.9
265.9
65.4
111.3
126.2
204.4
85.2
119.2
152.3
97.0
55.3
450.6
153.0

2,507
221.1
183.8
195.0
835.2
266.3
65.9
108.1
126.3
203.8
85.0
118.8
151.0
95.7
55.3
451.6
152.0

2,566
230.3
189.1
205.4
846.7
276.5
67.5
102.1
130.8
210.2
88.8
121.4
157.5
101.4
56.1
473.5
159.4

2,565
230.1
188.7
206.0
845.8
275.5
66.6
105.4
129.3
208.2
88.2
120.0
155.3
99.5
55.8
473.4
161.4

19,266

19,281

19,758

19,708

19,692 17,058

17,069

777.8
437.4
161.8

774.3
433.8
162.2

784.9
438.3
169.8

773.6
431.4
168.6

643.7
367.6
134.5

640.2
364.4
134.6

2,573
-

17,510 17,439

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,404.8 2,463.4 2,429.4 2,434.5 2,477.2 2,216.7 2,273.3 2,258.1 2,261.7
1,845.3 1,889.8 1,881.6 1,888.6
1,990.2 2,036.1 2,011.5 2,019.2
229.5
243.2 230.4
216.6 222.5
236.8
212.0 210.6
185.8
154.8
187.5
184.1
177.8
161.0
164.5
162.5

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,123.2 3,154.2 3,299.1 3,294 1 3,323.2 2,874.8 2,905.6 3,037.3 3,028.6
2,566.6 2,590.2 2,700.5 2,690.7
2,772.8 2,796.3 2,917.1 2,910.3
57.4
56.4
54.5
53.9
_
_
_
_
35.6
35.3
28.2
27.0
178.0
172.7
170.4
153.9
177.1
156.0
159.6
159.5

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,132.9 2,131.6 2,182.2 2,175.4 2,175.7 1,783.7 1,779.9 1,824.6 1,816.1
869.0
1,047.6 1,048.4 1,046.7 1,046.7
868.5
869.0
868.4
363.0
363.4
344.3
342.8
277.2 278.1
292.5
292.0
645.8
634.1
551.5
648.9
634.9
550.4
563.8
560.2
-

652.3
371.7
140.1

17,437

641.3
365.0
138.8

_

_

See footnotes at end of table.




57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

1972
SIC
Code

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

1,156.4 1,170.5 1,189.8 1,173.9
104.2
105.4
107.0
105.4
407.3 414.0 415.2 413.2
269.5 274.5 282.9 271.9
223.0 224.6 234.2 232.5
805.6
466.8
287.4
85.5
253.3
178.1
75.2

804.9
472.6
290.6
76.2
256.1
178.9
77.2

807.4
472.0
291.0
76.0
259.4
180.2
79.2

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

975.1
85.2
342.2
233.8
185.8

986.2 1,001.7
84.4
86.4
347.4 346.8
238.8 246.3
186.3
194.9

983.9
83.2
344.4
234.7
192.6

651.4
375.0

659.6
380.4

658.8
383.8

661.6
383.7

72.0
204.4

71.7
207.5

63.4
211.6

63.0
214.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores .
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places .

58

6,449.7 6,317.6 6,576.8 6,551.0 6,409.0 5,874.6 5,749.9 5,990.8 5,953.7

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods .
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,424.5 2,463.5 2,490.8 2,498.3
587.9 589.8 606.1 606.2
124.8
121.7
123.1
125.4
858.1
879.7 887.5 894.3
164.0
154.5
158.7
164.1
88.9
89.2
90.2
95.1
83.3
84.7
85.0
82.3
157.9
158.9
160.4
155.6
183.9
198.7
194.9
182.9
65.0
62.8
64.0
62.7
286.5 289.0 258.9 263.4
148.0
126.2
129.8
145.3
86.3
85.5
86.3
86.1
113.2
115.1
116.2
109.3
388.6 410.9 406.3
381.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance .

796.2
460.5
284.2
85.8
249.9
175.5
74.4

6,693

6,920

6,860

6,835

3,282

3,280

3,359

3,336

3,327

1,735.0 1,732.9 1,797.7 1,784.1
1,552.2 1,549.1 1,591.6 1,578.8
315.1
314.5 317.8 315.3
360.0 359.7 372.9
368.5
80.9
79.0
79.0
79.2

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

896.6
399.4
229.9
164.4
257.3
59.6
157.2

897.6
400.1
230.8
164.2
258.2
60.5
156.1

912.0
405.4
235.0
165.3
268.3
68.4
148.1

907.3
401.0
231.8
164.1
268.6
68.7
147.3

Security, commodity brokers, and services.
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

443.0
347.6

442.4
346.8

435.1
334.9

431.5
332.5

Holding and other investment offices .

67

207.2

206.6

214.5

212.9

2,087

2,094

2,143

2,13;

Insurance .
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance.
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .

64

See footnotes at end of table.

58




2,038.3 2,074.6 2,086.1 2,092.3
503.3
513.3 513.1
501.3

6,706

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve ....
Mutual savings banks

1,443.4 1,446.7 1,478. 1,471.1
574.6 574.7 578.3
575.2
219.3 221.9 235.7 235.5
541.0 541.4 550.5
547.
58.9
60,
58.6
60.0
643.6

647.0

664.5

661.1

Oct.
1989 P

718.0

738.2

738.8

745.1

256.5

259.2

229.2

233.6

90.5
308.5

94.4
313.7

95.3
336.4

96.2
331.9

4,866

4,851

5,038

4,977

1,236.3 1,233.8 1,282.8 1,270.4
1,103.4 1,100.4 1,133.1 1,121.7

668.4
302.5

669.0
303.3

685.8
308.2

681.7
304.3

199.3

200.0

208.7

208.8

965.7
343.1
177.0
363.4

967.5
343.4
179.0
362.6

986.4
350.7
190.3
357.9

978.2
346.9
189.9
354.2

2,136

4,956

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc ....
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

1,337

Oct.
1988

1,319

Aug.
1989

1,418

Sept.
1989P

1,392

Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

1,372

1,327.4 1,309.3 1,409.0 1,383.4
576.8
565.2 614.1
601.9
544 3 540.5 570.6 561.8
174.6
172.1
186.8
191.3
9.2

9.3

9.0

9.0

25,970 26,086 27,247 27,204 27,316 22,703 22,819 23,790 23,729 23,835

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,606.3 1,563.5 1,729.3 1,648.7
1,562.1 1,523.2 1,633.1 1,597.3

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,157.9 1,165.6 1,166.3 1,177.1
414.2 415.3 409.9 411.2
59.2
62.7
59.0
61.9
365.9 364.6 367.3 369.4
79.7
79.8
81.6
81.8

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,701.8 5,723.5 5,864.2 5,882.2 5,889.1 4,893.6 4,908.7 4,998.4 5,010.6
241.6
244.4 260.6 258.7
178.5
180.7
193.1
192.5
173.7
176.0
189.4
187.6
91.6
91.5
96.7
96.3
221.5
226.5 246.5 251.6
811.9
805.3 817.0 813.6
734.0
727.6
740.0 736.3
1,419.4 1,417.3 1,373.6 1,388.2
229.2 232.9 216.7
216.7
1,083.3 1,078.2 1,054.1 1,067.8
774.8
775.4
693.8 702.6
538.3
545.3
601.1
598.9
360.8
362.1
316.4 321.3
287.9
288.2
259.2 262.8

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,210.0 2,223.9 2,281.7 2,285.0
215.8 215.0 221.1
219.2
535.4 537.0 554.5
553.1
472.8 472.8 482.6 485.7
267.9 268.3 281.1
280.3
86.7
88.9
84.2
82.3

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Oct.
1989P

1,395.5 1,359.2 1,456.4 1,420.3
367.9

369.1

364.5

365.3

326.5

324.9

327.6

329.6

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

852.9
168.9
497.2

857.8
169.2
498.9

910.1
188.9
530.7

910.8
190.2
529.6

704.9

708.7

749.3

750.0

410.3

411.1

434.3

433.1

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

352.4
112.4

351.5
113.1

365.1
125.7

364.5
125.2

288.1

287.4

300.6

299.6

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

250.7
123.0
109.8

237.5
119.2
100.6

282.7
144.2
120.4

271.2
144.0
110.1

210.1
97.5

198.0
94.0

240.9
118.3

229.5
117.7

Amusement and recreation services

79

975.8

891.6 1,153.8 1,037.2

838.2

769.2 1,019.3

904.9

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

7,229.2
1,127.2
489.9
1,330.1
921.5
408.6
3,337.9
3,088.6
92.4
156.9
151.6
275.1

7,266.7
1,134.4
491.5
1,331.8
923.1
408.7
3,353.4
3,102.0
93.0
158.4
155.4
279.1

7,717.7
1,220.6
516.1
1,400.6
969.5
431.1
3,523.9
3,260.7
96.9
166.3
174.0
324.9

7,734.0 7,766.7 6,426.1 6,455.1 6,859.6 6,871.4
1,224.3
924.0 929.0
997.6 1,000.2
517.2
428.9 429.8
450.6 452.0
1,399.4
1,201.7 1,201.8 1,266.3 1,265.0
969.4
430.0
3,530.0
3,052.7 3,064.9 3,224.9 3,229.5
3,267.3
96.4
166.3
174.4
328.0

See footnotes at end of table.




59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

855.2

Oct.
1988
861.4

Aug.
1989

914.6

Sept.
1989P

82
821
822
824

1,544.9 1,690.4 1,408.5 1,601.5
358.8 398.0
391.9 404.1
965.8
944.0 1,069.8 806.6
103.4
104.4
94.0
97.2

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,619.8 1,642.4 1,720.0 1,747.1
338.9 341.8 357.9 350.4
230.2 233.0 257.9 239.3
396.5 398.5 432.7 432.1

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,724.5 1,733.6 1,802.7 1,752.5
103.5
100.5
99.6
100.4
131.6
133.8
135.1
134.3
371.2
379.0 441.8 396.1

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,392.9 1,396.8 1,472.7 1,462.7
733.0 733.6 774.7 764.9
133.7
135.4
151.1
149.2
493.1
494.7
510.5
508.6

Federal Government4

2,968

Executive, by agency4
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




717.4

Aug.
1989

760.2

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

742.9

53.1

1,115.4 1,118.6 1,176.6 1,163.2
610.2
609.5 642.5
632.8
373.8

376.7

387.4

382.9

2,968

3,011

2,998

2,989

2,909.1 2,909.1 2,951.1
951.0 951.3 983.3
828.3 830.0 829.2
1,129.8 1,127.8 1,138.6
38.3
37.5
37.3
21.6
21.3
21.1

3731

121.2
73.8

121.2
74.1

125.2
74.4

124.3
73.6

806

39.4
433.1
248.0

38.6
436.5
247.2

38.9
439.6
251.2

39.8
444.2
251.3

806
82

3,926 4,138
4,016 4,179
447.2 449.4 449.2
445.8
1,545.5 1,723.5 1,359.8 1,594.1

4,330

1,494.8 1,482.4 1,562.3 1,550.2

806
82

10,201 10,561
9,756 10,470 10,909
503.1
490.5
490.4
498.4
626.6 628.0 653.1
657.7
5,566.0 5,979.3 4,761.8 5,699.4
3,169.0 3,131.7 3,439.9 3,246.6

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

60

55.7

Oct.
1988

17,185 17,708 16,693 17,606 18,228

Government

Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

51.9

Sept.
1988

712.8

899.1

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

51.7

Oct.
1989P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

48,402

48,510

51,094

50,178

50,265

Total private

40,276

40,450

41,907

41,767

41,900

Goods-producing

7,004

7,097

7,202

7,131

7,222

99

99

99

100

562

565

584

589

592

6,344

6,433

6,519

6,443

6,530

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,054
127
160
123
104
321
462
860
399
326
174

3,076
127
163
123
106
324
461
867
396
330
181

3,116
128
166
125
109
328
All
850
410
339
184

3,074
126
164
124
106
321
474
839
404
339
177

3,094
127
164
124
108
324
472
845
406
340
185

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,290
537
16
346
837
171
676
315
25
285
82

3,357
563
18
351
861
172
679
316
25
286
87

3,403
537
16
355
879
174
709
329
27
293
84

3,369
564
16
348
840
175
708
327
27
286
79

3,436
586
17
353
867
176
707
330
27
290
84

41,398

41,413

43,892

43,047

43,043

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,581

1,585

1,653

1,634

1,566

Wholesale trade

1,806

1,811

1,897

1,897

1,905

10,154

10,203

10,449

10,407

10,475

4,207

4,210

4,301

4,316

4,326

15,524

15,544

16,405

16,382

16,406

8,126
1,069
1,871
5,186

8,060
1,065
1,875
5,120

9,187
1,082
1,974
6,131

8,411
1,085
1,919
5,407

8,365
1,076
1,919
5,370

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Industry
Oct.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

SeptJ

Oct.p

107,097

107,442

107,711

107,888

108,101

108,310

108,607

108,767

108,887

109,088

109,321

88,991

89,299

89,574

89,897

90,124

90,291

90,475

90,623

90,884

91,016

91,083

91,185

91,324

25,384

25,460

25,513

25,626

25,629

25,646

25,671

25,672

25,648

25,669

25,694

25,607

25,604

717
400

712
396

711
394

711
393

711
394

714
397

720
400

722
401

715
402

706
404

729
405

730
408

732
410

5,162
1,363

5,191
1,375

5,213
1,380

5,267
1,404

5,270
1,398

5,252
1,380

5,279
1,377

5,283
1,388

5,283
1,384

5,314
1,391

5,321
1,403

5,321
1,396

5,329
1,386

19,505

19,557

19,589

19,648

19,648

19,680

19,672

19,667

19,650

19,649

19,644

19,556

19,543

11,509
770
531
603
783
277
1,442
2,110
2,073
2,055
865
758
384

11,545
775
532
605
784
277
1,445
2,120
2,075
2,060
867
762
387

11,565
780
532
607
785
276
1,449
2,126
2,067
2,063
867
767
389

11,605
784
532
607
786
276
1,458
2,134
2,065
2,079
882
770
390

11,594
778
534
608
786
276
1,458
2,138
2,062
2,067
871
772
391

11,604
111
535
607
788
276
1,457
2,143
2,060
2,071
869
776
390

11,600
772
537
606
788
275
1,454
2,144
2,058
2,073
875
111
391

11,594
771
534
604
787
276
1,452
2,150
2,050
2,076
876
778
392

11,567
769
534
603
787
276
1,449
2,151
2,041
2,062
861
779
392

11,549
767
536
602
785
277
1,446
2,154
2,040
2,046
844
781
392

11,551
763
529
601
786
276
1,443
2,152
2,034
2,068
873
782
393

11,477
759
528
596
776
273
1,438
2,148
2,024
2,036
844
780
392

11,449
763
525
599
775
272
1,433
2,140
2,017
2,024
830
781
392

7,996
1,644
55
726
1,083
695
1,577
1,074
162
836
144

8,012
1,648
56
725
1,088
695
1,581
1,075
162
839
143

8,024
1,646
56
724
1,090
696
1,588
1,079
162
840
143

8,043
1,650
56
728
1,092
696
1,595
1,084
160
839
143

8,054
1,650
56
728
1,096
696
1,595
1,085
161
843
144

8,076
1,655
56
729
1,101
697
1,600
1,088
161
845
144

8,072
1,657
54
728
1,098
696
1,601
1,090
162
843
143

8,073
1,656
53
728
1,095
697
1,603
1,094
162
843
142

8,083
1,663
52
729
1,093
697
1,607
1,096
163
841
142

8,100
1,678
53
730
1,094
701
1,609
1,091
163
841
140

8,093
1,667
52
727
1,095
700
1,611
1,097
163
841
140

8,079
1,677
51
723
1,085
697
1,612
1,095
163
837
139

8,094
1,684
51
726
1,083
699
1,614
1,096
164
838
139

106,475 106,824

General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

81,091

81,364

81,584

81,816

82,082

82,242

82,430

82,638

82,959

83,098

83,193

83,481

83,717

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,596
3,381
2,215

5,616
3,402
2,214

5,634
3,421
2,213

5,654
3,439
2,215

5,667
3,453
2,214

5,666
3,452
2,214

5,682
3,467
2,215

5,700
3,484
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

5,736
3,524
2,212

5,618
3,539
2,079

5,711
3,548
2,163

5,738
3,573
2,165

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

3,599
2,487

6,104
3,612
2,492

6,125
3,626
2,499

6,146
3,638
2,508

6,171
3,657
2,514

6,197
3,676
2,521

6,206
3,676
2,530

6,222
3,685
2,537

6,230
3,693
2,537

6,237
3,700
2,537

6,256
3,708
2,548

6,264
3,717
2,547

6,270
3,717
2,553

19,229
2,447
3,149
2,124
6,314

19,282
2,452
3,165
2,131
6,322

19,328
2,460
3,182
2,136
6,328

19,407
2,472
3,200
2,143
6,323

19,460
2,481
3,212
2,150
6,332

19,488
2,490
3,223
2,155
6,322

19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335

19,528
2,491
3,245
2,159
6,348

19,551
2,493
3,262
2,155
6,362

19,586
2,482
3,274
2,155
6,370

19,621
2,484
3,293
2,152
6,385

19,629
2,484
3,294
2,156
6,397

19,653
2,465
3,317
2,169
6,403

6,710
3,293
2,098
1,319

6,726
3,299
2,102
1,325

6,744
3,307
2,110
1,327

6,746
3,308
2,109
1,329

6,763
3,311
2,116
1,336

6,774
3,316
2,117
1,341

6,776
3,312
2,119
1,345

6,790
3,320
2,123
1,347

6,808
3,320
2,129
1,359

6,815
3,324
2,131
1,360

6,836
3,336
2,137
1,363

6,851
3,343
2,138
1,370

6,852
3,340
2,140
1,372

Services
Business services
Health services

25,986
5,667
7,267

26,111
5,682
7,313

26,230
5,715
7,359

26,318
5,707
7,396

26,434
5,729
7,442

26,520
5,736
7,488

26,651
5,760
7,528

26,711
5,776
7,570

26,931
5,799
7,616

26,973
5,786
7,648

27,058
5,800
7,695

27,123
5,830
7,734

27,207
5,831
7,767

Government

17,484
2,986
4,081
10,417

17,525
2,983
4,085
10,457

17,523
2,981
4,085
10,457

17,545
2,978
4,084
10,483

17,587
2,982
4,095
10,510

17,597
2,982
4,102
10,513

17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533

17,687

17,723
2,995
4,136
10,592

17,751
3,000
4,145
10,606

17,804
2,999
4,154
10,651

17,903
3,016
4,214
10,673

17,997
3,004
4,224
10,769

Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

Federal
State
Local
p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988

62




4,119
10,569

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1989

Industry
Aug.

Total
Total private

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug,

49,338 49,488 49,586 49,799 49,963 50,130 50,302 50,414 50,515 50,670 50,894 51,023 51,124
40,393 40,503 40,602 40,776 40,943 41,093 41,239 41,340 41,418 41,530 41,717 41,794 41,832
7,049

7,054

7,069

7,095

7,112

7,141

7,152

7,159

7,161

7,166

7,165

7,176

7,167

98

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

99

98

99

554

555

555

557

561

566

571

571

573

577

577

577

580

6,397

6,402

6,417

6,441

6,454

6,478

6,484

6,491

6,491

6,492

6,489

6,501

6,488

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,084
125
164
122
106
325
464
868
401
330
179

3,082
125
165
121
106
325
465
867
399
330
179

3,087
125
165
122
106
325
467
868
401
331
177

3,097
127
165
122
106
327
469
869
402
332
178

3,103
127
165
123
107
327
469
866
405
335
179

3,113
127
166
123
108
330
471
864
407
337
180

3,111
127
166
123
107
329
471
863
407
337
181

3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180

3,111
126
167
124
108
327
471
859
409
338
182

3,108
126
167
124
108
327
472
853
410
339
182

3,103
125
167
123
108
326
474
850
409
338
183

3,103
124
169
123
107
327
475
847
407
341
183

3,099
124
165
123
108
325
475
846
410
340
183

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,313
520
18
349
863
170
681
313

3,320
524
18
349
863
171
682
314

3,330
531
18
349
862
171
685
315

3,344
535
18
350
867
171
688
315

3,351
532
19
350
869
171
692
316

3,365
536
18
352
871
171
697
318

3,373
537
19
352
874
171
698
319

3,380
537
18
353
875
171
702
322

3,384
537
17
353
873
171
706
325

3,389
540
18
352
869
174
710
326

O

O

O

O

O

O

3,398
551
18
353
870
173
709
324

O

O

3,386
540
17
353
871
172
708
325

O

O

3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321

O

O

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

289
85

289
85

289
85

291
84

O

292
84

292
84

292
85

293
84

292
84

292
84

291
83

292
82

292
82

42,289 42,434 42,517 42,704 42,851 42,989 43,150 43,255 43,354 43,504 43,729 43,847 43,957

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,604

1,604

1,608

1,614

1,621

1,626

1,630

1,629

1,628

1,635

1,645

1,652

1,585

Wholesale trade

1,811

1,820

1,827

1,835

1,845

1,854

1,862

1,866

1,876

1,888

1,893

1,899

1,905

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal

State
Local

10,171 10,179 10,190 10,213 10,238 10,287 10,318 10,336 10,337 10,373 10,387 10,407 10,444
4,178

4,188

4,199

4,222

4,227

4,242

4,249

4,247

4,257

4,271

4,278

4,292

15,580 15,658 15,709 15,807 15,905 15,958 16,035 16,101 16,169 16,211 16,356 16,382 16,439
8,945
1,059
2,003
5,883

8,985
1,065
2,015
5,905

8,984
1,067
2,009
5,908

A
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




4,212

9,023
1,066
2,013
5,944

9,020
1,065
2,013
5,942

9,037
1,063
2,012
5,962

9,063
1,064
2,017
5,982

9,074
1,064
2,020
5,990

9,097
1,064
2,023
6,010

9,140
1,070
2,034
6,036

9,177
1,070
2,043
6,064

9,229
1,071
2,048
6,110

9,292
1,070
2,050
6,172

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1988

1989

Industry
Oct.

Total private..
Goods-producing .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

72,021 72,273 72,494 72,774 72,949 73,101 73,204 73,315 73,555 73,670 73,741 73,789 73,891
17,865

17,929 17,963 18,065

18,048 18,052

18,053 18,058 18,022

18,047 18,071

17,989

17,982

515

511

510

510

510

514

519

521

511

503

525

525

527

4,026

4,053

4,068

4,132

4,112

4,096

4,104

4,111

4,111

4,134

4,145

4,143

4,144

13,324 13,365 13,385 13,423 13,426 13,442 13,430

13,426

13,401 13,321

13,311

13,400 13,410

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,690
641
425
469
600
216
1,076
1,270
1,228
1,283
676
419
279

7,717
645
426
470
601
217
1,079
1,279
1,233
1,283
676
421
280

7,730
647
426
472
602
216
1,082
1,285
1,224
1,285
676
425
282

7,758
652
426
473
603
215
1,089
1,292
1,222
1,294
687
424
283

7,749
648
427
474
602
215
1,087
1,298
1,218
1,286
677
425
284

7,749
646
428
472
603
213
1,086
1,298
1,214
1,292
675
427
283

7,744
642
428
471
603
211
1,080
1,298
1,213
1,297
680
428
284

7,735
641
427
469
601
210
1,079
1,302
1,205
1,297
681
430
284

7,706
638
426
468
602
211
1,074
1,303
1,198
1,284
667
429
284

7,697
636
427
468
601
211
1,073
1,309
1,199
1,270
650
431
283

7,696
633
421
467
600
214
1,069
1,304
1,195
1,291
677
430
286

7,631
630
421
463
591
212
1,063
1,299
1,188
1,261
649
431
284

7,613
633
419
465
591
212
1,060
1,294
1,184
1,251
635
432
284

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

5,634
1,169
41
629
912
524
881
602
106
652
118

5,648
1,173
42
628
916
525
883
602
106
655
118

5,655
1,172
42
628
919
525
886
604
105
656
118

5,665
1,175
41
630
922
524
887
607
104
656
119

5,677
1,177
41
630
926
524
888
608
105
659
119

5,693
1,182
41
630
930
525
891
610
105
660
119

5,686
1,184
40
630
927
524
889
609
105
660
118

5,691
1,184
38
630
925
525
891
614
106
660
118

5,694
1,190
38
630
922
525
892
616
107
656
118

5,713
1,205
39
631
922
528
893
614
107
657
117

5,705
1,197
39
627
922
528
894
617
107
658
116

5,690
1,205
38
624
915
526
892
614
107
654
115

5,698
1,207
38
627
911
528
893
617
107
655
115

Service-producing

54,156 54,344 54,531

54,709 54,901 55,049 55,151 55,257 55,533 55,623 55,670 55,800 55,909

Transportation and public utilities ...

4,653

4,671

4,691

4,704

4,718

4,718

4,735

4,752

4,763

4,779

4,665

4,752

4,780

Wholesale trade

4,903

4,917

4,931

4,948

4,970

4,990

4,996

5,007

5,016

5,021

5,038

5,036

5,050

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

17,017 17,066 17,106 17,171
4,866

4,873

4,879




4,886

4,893

4,900

4,902

4,918

4,933

4,944

4,954

4,967

4,971

22,717 22,817 22,924 23,000 23,105 23,197 23,283 23,300 23,504 23,541 23,625 23,658 23,740

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

64

17,215 17,244 17,235 17,280 17,317 17,338 17,388 17,387 17,368

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979

63.5
62.5
63.9

60.5
64.3
61.0

70.3
70.2
64.8

67.9
70.1
52.7

68.6
64.6
61.6

63.8
67.6
61.3

64.5
61.6
55.7

61.3
62.2
53.2

65.9
62.0
50.7

61.3
64.3
61.3

67.0
70.9
54.2

67 9
66.6
53.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

54.6
58.5
37.2
55.0
67.8
58.5
55.4
55.6
60.7
68.3

53.4
52.7
47.3
47.9
7Q.6
52.3
53.7
59.3
63.5
60.5

49.7
54.0
40.1
60.2
65.2
60.2
53.2
61.0
63.0
61.0

37.4
64.5
41.5
65.6
67.8
53.2
56.3
61.9
62.8
58.2

40.8
57.0
49.3
66.3
63.3
58.5
55.2
58.6
61.3
55.6

38.0
53.3
38.1
66.5
67.2
51.4
50.7
59.7
67.2
59.7

42.3
57.7
42.8
67.2
59.6
57.6
54.7
65.3
63.6
55.6

59.0
51.3
39.1
68.9
61.9
60.7
56.3
60.6
58.0
57.4

55.7
45.8
44.7
70.1
57.2
53.6
57.9
63.0
55.4
P47.4

63.8
42.3
36.2
66.6
62.9
56.3
54.6
67.8
63.9
P58.2

59.3
40.3
40.1
67.6
59.3
56.6
58.0
64.5
68.2

58.6
36 0
43.6
64.6
57 7
59.7
61 7
60.7
64.6

.. ..

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979

70.2
71.9
69.5

74.5
73.8
71.8

76.4
76.9
65.8

79.2
76.9
66.2

74.8
74.9
62.0

72.1
71.1
64.0

69.3
69.2
58.9

72.1
65.8
53.3

70.5
68.3
57.6

73.5
73.5
58.6

73 6
74.8
62.2

72 5
76.2
56.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

56.6
59.5
31.2
48.4
74.9
58.3
57.7
60.7
64.8
71.6

51.4
55.6
34.8
57.0
75.5
58.3
53.0
62.0
65.6
70.1

42.0
58.9
37.7
62.6
78.2
55.6
54.4
66.6
69.5
64.5

38.3
64.6
41.5
71.9
72.8
59.0
55.4
65.2
70.2
61.9

35.5
63.3
40.3
72.1
73.6
55.4
53.3
65.8
71.1
61.6

37.4
60.7
40.3
74.4
68.8
57.6
51.4
65.9,
71.9
60.7

42.8
57.0
34.8
72.6
67.8
56.6
52.9
67.8
71.2
61.6

50.9
52.4
38.3
77.2
65.5
58.7
58.7
71.1
64.2
p
53.0

65.3
43.3
35.4
77.2
64.6
58.5
57.0
71.2
65.3
P55.0

66.9
40.0
35.8
74.6
62.2
56.9
59.7
72.3
70.1

68.5
34.0
34.0
71.6
61.9
59.5
62.0
70.9
73.4

64.3
30.9
46.6
73.6
61.6
59.3
62.0
65.9
74.6

... .

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

79.1
77 8
74.6

81.8
81.4
73.9

78.7
81.2
71.2

78.4
79.8
66.8

78.1
78.7
63.2

79.7
76.2
57.9

76.2
73.6
62.9

76.2
76.9
59.5

77.5
75.6
57.7

76.6
76.8
58.6

78.1
76.1
60.9

78.4
77.8
57.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
66.5
28 5
55.2
78.7
58.7
55.6
67.3
69.9
75.1

44.7
65.2
29.7
62.2
78.9
59.7
56.6
65.8
70.2
69.5

41.1
62.9
33.0
67.3
80.2
58.2
52.7
64.8
71.5
68.2

37.4
64.9
38.8
71.1
77.1
57.6
52.9
66.8
73.9
66.0

37.1
61.3
37.2
76.4
74.4
58.6
53.4
67.6
73.9
63.0

37.5
58.0
36.8
78.2
72.6
57.6
56.0
69.5
69.1
P58.5

44.4
50.3
34.5
79.4
70.1
57.6
55.6
71.3
70.2
P60.9

51.9
43.0
33.8
79.5
68.6
56.2
57.0
73.5
74.6

61.2
39.0
34.8
78.2
64.9
59.5
62.3
73.2
73.5

70.9
32.2
38.1
77.2
63.9
59.7
61.6
71.5
73.9

68.9
32.5
39.1
78.1
61.6
58.3
62.9
71.8
74.5

66 2
28.7
43 1
77 7
62.6
55 6
63 2
72.2
75.8

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979

79.2
81.9
75.9

80.1
82.2
75.4

81.8
81.8
74.8

81.9
81.9
72.1

84.8
83.0
68.2

84.7
82.8
66.0

84.5
83.4
66.0

83.4
81.4
63.6

83.7
81.7
59.7

83.0
75.8
57.6

82.5
78.1
52.0

821
75.5
48 7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

47.0
71.2
32.4
57.0
81.7
59.5
54.4
66.6
76.2
73.2

46.4
68.3
31.1
61.9
79.5
59.2
54.6
68.2
76.1
73.6

46.8
68.1
29.7
66.5
78.7
59.2
53.9
68.2
74.8
p
69.3

45.3
61.3
30.4
72.8
77.1
56.9
55.6
71.8
74.6
P67.9

43.7
53.4
30.4
75.8
76.2
56.6
55.2
71.9
75.8

43.8
48.0
31.4
77.2
74.1
58.5
56.3
72.5
74.9

43.6
42.3
35.0
76.8
73.1
55.9
57.2
72.2
78.1

42.8
38.8
35.1
80.7
70.2
55.9
59.3
74.1
75.5

44.3
36.4
38.8
80.4
69.1
56.7
60.0
75.4
75.5

50.6
33.1
43.4
81.4
65.2
55.6
62.0
72.5
74.8

57.2
34.1
46.7
83.0
63.8
55.2
61.3
73.8
74.9

62.2
32.2
51.4
81.9
61.5
53.7
63.6
76 9
74.1

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted-Continued
(Percent)
Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1 -month span
1977
1978
1979

66.0
63.1
60.3

59.9
64.5
55.0

68.4
63.8
58.9

70.9
65.6
50.4

67.0
61.0
55.7

59.6
62.4
61.7

60.3
56.0
50.0

54.3
58.5
45.0

62.1
57.1
41.1

57.4
62.8
57.4

63.1
66.3
46.8

70.2
69 1
47.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
53.2
27.0
53.2
61.7
46.5
48.9
44.3
58.5
62.4

46.1
45.0
39.4
48.6
70.6
40.4
45.0
53.9
56.0
53.5

47.5
55.0
28.0
55.3
64.5
44.0
43.6
54.3
55.0
53.2

28.4
63.1
31.9
67.0
63.8
37.6
43.6
55.7
59.9
49.6

24.8
61.3
36.2
67.4
54.6
41.5
46.5
55.3
58.5
46.8

27.0
56.7
26.6
59.9
61.0
39.4
43.3
54.3
61.7
48.6

28.7
56.0
34.4
68.8
56.0
47.9
38.7
62.8
59.6
49.6

58.2
42.2
28.4
64.9
52.8
48.6
51.1
59.9
51.1
45.4

55.0
39.4
35.5
68.1
42.9
37.9
48.6
63.8
49.3
P33.3

63.1
30.5
26.6
70.9
52.8
44.3
45.0
59.9
62.8
P55.3

61.7
29.4
26.2
62.4
44.7
44.0
50.7
65.6
64.9

53 9
23.4
39 4
62 1
48.6
50 7
52 8
56.4
58 5

.

..

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

.

.

.

.. .

70.6
77.0
64.9

77.0
72.3
62.8

78.7
72.3
59.6

78.7
69.9
59.9

72.0
69.1
58.5

66.7
62.8
59.2

62.4
61.3
50.0

64.9
58.2
36.5

62.4
62.4
44.0

67.7
67.0
43.6

69.1
70.9
52 5

76 2
73.4
42 9

44.7
51.8
17.0
46.1
71.6
43.6
45.0
52.1
63.1
67.4

40.4
50.4
19.1
53.9
71.6
37.9
40.8
51.4
61.0
63.8

28.4
56.4
21.3
61.7
75.2
32.6
38.3
59.6
62.4
55.7

20.2
64.5
22.0
71.3
65.6
33.0
38.7
61.3
64.9
51.8

18.4
66.7
22.0
70.9
65.2
31.2
39.4
58.5
67.4
49.3

19.5
64.9
22.3
73.8
58.9
37.6
37.2
62.8
67.0
48.6

27.7
55.0
18.1
70.6
57.1
40.8
37.2
67.0
64.5
47.9

39.7
42.6
18.8
76.2
50.7
37.9
44.0
71.6
58.2
P32.6

64.2
28.0
20.6
77.0
47.5
38.3
46.5
68.4
62.1
P42.2

67.7
25.5
18.4
74.1
42.9
36.5
47.5
70.6
66.7

67.4
17.7
17.7
72.0
45.7
42.9
52 5
67.7
71 3

61.3
174
33.3
67 4
44 7
46.8
49 3
64.5
70 9

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

.

.. .

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

81.6
77.7
68 4

81.9
79.8
66.3

79.1
78.0
62.1

77.3
72.3
58.2

75.2
73.0
52.1

74.8
68.8
43.6

67.7
63.5
48.2

68.4
68.1
41.5

70.9
69.9
39.7

75.2
71.3
40.1

80.5
67.0
42 6

77 7
69.9
42 9

33.0
65.2
10.3
46.8
75.2
35.5
37 6
57.4
66.3
69.5

27.0
62.8
10.6
59.6
72.3
34.8
38.7
56.7
66.3
58.5

23.4
62.8
13.5
64.9
72.7
29.4
35.5
55.3
67.7
55.7

16.7
68.1
20.6
67.0
70.2
31.9
33.3
62.4
69.5
52.8

17.4
61.7
15.6
75.5
62.1
33.3
34.0
64.9
66.7
48.9

19.1
55.3
15.2
76.2
58.2
33.0
38.3
67.0
64.2
P 39.7

26.2
40.1
12.4
78.7
54.6
31.9
37.9
67.4
66.0
p
43.3

39.7
29.1
12.1
77.3
52.5
32.6
41.1
70.6
70.9

52.8
22.3
14.5
76.2
48.6
38.3
45.4
71.3
68.8

70.6
17.0
18.1
73.8
44.7
40.1
49.6
69.5
69.9

67.4
184
21.3
75.9
39 4
38.3
50.4
69.5
71.6

65.2
124
27 3
74.8
41 8
37 6
51.1
68 1
74.1

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979

77 0
75.2
67.0

77.7
77.7
64.2

75.9
76.2
62.4

76.6
77.0
57.4

81.2
77.0
51.8

82.6
77.0
48.6

84.0
75.2
48.9

81.9
70.6
47.5

83.3
70.9
42.2

80.5
65.6
36.5

78 0
69.1
29.1

77 3
64.9
24 8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

20.6
72 0
12.1
43.3
77.0
31.6
30.9
55.3
73.8
63.1

22.3
69.1
12.4
50.0
72.3
30.9
30.1
58.5
70.2
63.8

23.8
69.1
9.2
56.0
68.1
30.1
34.8
58.5
70.9
P56.0

25.2
52.8
11.3
66.0
66.0
28.4
34.8
63.5
71.6
P54.3

23.0
40.4
8.2
71.6
62.4
27.7
36.2
66.3
72.0

22.3
35.1
9.9
75.5
61.0
28.4
39.0
67.4
69.9

21.3
27.7
13.5
76.2
57.8
29.1
38.3
71.6
70.9

22.7
21.6
14.2
78.4
54.6
29.8
39.7
72.7
69.1

23.8
17.7
15.2
78.0
50.4
32.6
42.9
71.6
71.6

30.5
15.2
21.6
78.7
44.0
30.9
46.1
69.1
70.2

45.7
138
25 5
80.1
40.1
32.6
48 6
68.4
69.9

59.6
124
33 7
76 2
33 7
29.8
50 0
72 3
67 0

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus onehalf of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an

66




equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1985) are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)

Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..

Sept.
1988

1989

Sept.
1989?

1,551.6
402.9
130.4
163.6
128.8
61.1

1,576.1
407.5
135.0
165.2
128.3
61.9

1,584.1
408.2
135.3
164.5
128.3
63.4

Aug.

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989?

Aug.

1989

Sept.
1988

11.0

11.2

11.4

5.1
.1
.7
.1
2.3

4.8
.1
.7
.1
2.6

4.8
.1
.7
.1
2.6

Sept.
1989?

Aug.

1989

78.7
25.6

75.5
24.8

5.9
9.8
8.1
3.2

6.3

6.1

10.4

10.1

7.6
3.1

7.7
3.2

75.6
24.7

224.2

239.4

233.7

9.9

11.0

10.9

11.1

11.4

11.3

1,406.4
926.9
245.8

1,403.9
925.9
244.3

1,443.3
947.2
250.9

12.2

12.1

12.1

.7
1.8

.9
2.1

.9
2.1

95.0
65.2
17.0

92.4
62.0
16.7

92.2
62.0
16.3

872.3
51.6
78.1
240.0
33.5

886.4
51.7
75.4
242.9
33.9

898.2
52.9
75.6
245.4
34.2

4.4

35.3

36.4

36.0

1.7
2.6

1.8
2.7

1.8
2.7

10.7

11.0

10.9

1.7

2.0

1.9

12,167.5
1,137.7
162.8
210.0
4,114.6
113.4
846.7
215.5
625.8
577.7
924.0
944.6
822.2
144.5
129.4
152.3
131.9

12,342.0
1,154.1
159.5
209.2
4,149.2
121.6
861.3
222.9
629.4
594.1
949.4
954.0
826.8
146.4
129.1
150.4
136.4

12,499.4
1,163.2
162.8
216.4
4,190.2
120.3
879.9
223.5
640.1
601.4
965.3
964.0
827.4
147.7
133.8
151.7
137.5

665.2
70.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont.
Denver

1,429.8
108.9
801.9

1,441.3
107.4
805.5

1,451.0
109.8
809.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury

1,676.6
203.6
486.5
66.5
260.2
126.5
88.0

1,682.0
200.1
484.9
64.9
264.6
127.5
87.2

1,696.9
203.4
489.1
66.0
266.9
127.1
88.1

332.3
282.8

344.5
290.4

341.9
289.9

.1
.2

District of Columbia .
Washington MSA

671.0
2,174.1

694.0
2,249.4

688.7
2,258.4

.1
1.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ....

5,083.6
116.6
480.1
115.9
411.8
153.5
856.1
505.4
125.4
108.9
114.2
828.8
338.9

5,201.7
119.2
487.0
122.4
417.6
158.7
869.4
516.2
125.7
112.9
114.1
849.5
352.2

5,264.7
120.2
492.5
123.9
425.6
160.1
877.8
522.5
127.4
113.9
117.2
858.7
359.5

Alaska .
Arizona ...
Phoenix
Tucson..
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc....
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington .

See footnotes at end of table.

68




4.3
(1)

4.4
(1)

(1)
1.0
.4

(1)

.9
.4
(1)

42.3

.9
.4
(1)

42.4

42.1

1.3

1.3

1.3

635.8
69.2

662.0
71.1

14.2

14.1

13.9

9.8

9.8

9.6

.6
9.7

.6

.6

12.3
151.7

12.9
157.9

12.4
159.3

(1)
3.3
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6

10.0

10.0
(1)

0

7.3

8.2

8.0

52.3
14.5
55.4
36.1
59.4
37.3
34.6

54.2
15.6
56.8
37.6
62.5
37.9
34.5

54.7
15.3
56.6
38.0
62.7
38.6
35.0

6.9
9.3
8.9

7.1
9.8
9.0

10.1

10.6

11.4

11.5

61.1

62.0

3.7
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.7

3.8
2.8
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.8

20.7

21.1

21.1

.3

.3

.3

3.7

3.8

3.7

12.8

12.0

12.1

32.4

31.4

30.8

1.5

83.8

82.7

82.1

9.8

9.8

9.7

.4

21.7

22.5

22.1

5.4

5.0

4.8

.4
.4

14.6

15.7

15.5

5.8
5.1

6.2
5.5

6.1
5.4

.1
.2

.1
.2

22.6
19.4

21.0
18.5

20.2
17.9

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

13.2
144.4

13.4
154.6

13.6
153.8

9.4

351.7

349.7

347.1

8.7

8.6

8.5

.3

37.4
13.0
26.9

36.8
14.0
27.3

36.9
13.8
27.6

1.6
(1)

1.5
(1)

.4
1

()
.4
.5
(1)

.4

0

.4
.4

(1)

9.1
(1)
(1)

9.5
(1)
.3
(1)

.6
(1)

(1)
.6

(1)
.9

(1)

.7
(1)

.9

0
.4

(1)
(1)

O
O

(1)
.4

.9
(1)

.4
(1)
(1)

.7

O

(1)

.8
(1)

.4

0
0)
(1)

.8

7.2
9.0

60.9

8.9

8.9

8.9

40.7
37.9

39.2
37.0

39.2
37.3

8.3

8.6

8.5

10.0

10.3

10.4

5.7

5.6

5.5

57.7
30.9

56.8
30.2

56.7
29.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufactunn g

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

380.1
57.0
32.7
25.4
18.9
10.1

387.7
57.8
33.8
25.4
18.0
10.1

386.5
58.8
33.7
25.2
17.8
10.2

79.1
32.4
2.9
10.1
5.0
2.0

80.0
32.2
3.1
10.1
5.1
2.0

79.6
31.9
3.1
9.9
5.1
2.0

341.4
99.1
24.8
44.0
29.4
12.8

17.5

22.0

16.9

18.2

24.7

22.0

43.9

46.1

45.3

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

191.1
139.2
30.2

189.8
139.7
28.1

189.9
139.7
28.1

71.8
49.9
9.0

73.5
51.3
9.5

73.2
51.1
9.5

343.5
233.1
56.6

356.7
239.4
58.8

360.0
241.1
60.0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

231.0
13.1
27.3
35.4
6.5

236.2
13.2
25.5
35.4
6.6

235.0
13.2
25.1
35.4
6.5

51.8
4.7
4.2
17.1
2.6

52.4
4.8
4.2
17.7
2.6

53.3
4.8
4.3
17.6
2.6

196.5
11.8
15.9
57.3
7.2

202.1
12.1
15.3
58.1
7.4

202.1
12.3
15.2
58.3
7.4

2,173.2
259.2
10.6
23.3
902.5
27.2
109.7
30.6
81.9
43.9
128.0
79.9
277.1
22.1
20.1
26.9
13.3

2,186.1
258.1
10.4
22.9
893.1
32.9
112.0
30.9
83.0
45.0
133.4
80.6
280.1
21.9
20.2
26.7
13.5

2,184.2
258.2
10.4
23.6
894.7
31.1
112.1
31.5
83.3
44.6
133.4
80.4
278.5
21.7
20.6
25.8
13.4

593.1
34.2
7.4
11.7
205.2
4.7
56.8
11.2
30.7
25.5
35.2
76.9
21.5
5.0
5.8
9.7
4.7

560.1
30.1
7.5
10.8
196.2
4.8
51.7
11.5
29.9
23.6
32.4
74.2
19.6
5.2
5.5
9.0
4.4

605.4
34.4
7.8
11.7
206.9
4.8
60.3
11.5
30.5
23.7
36.1
79.4
22.2
5.3
5.9
9.6
4.9

2,890.1
281.1
38.4
53.5
955.3
28.9
207.0
52.9
155.0
139.7
224.2
211.6
160.4
34.9
33.1
35.1
31.9

2,957.7
292.9
38.4
53.8
975.1
29.9
215.3
55.5
155.7
142.7
233.3
214.9
160.4
35.5
34.1
34.8
33.6

2,965.1
292.3
38.6
54.1
977.2
30.1
216.1
55.4
156.5
143.9
234.1
215.4
160.3
35.6
34.5
35.2
33.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

191.6
30.0
95.5

192.6
29.5
96.1

192.5
29.5
95.6

91.3
2.3
66.8

91.3
2.3
66.5

91.3
2.3
66.7

353.5
23.0
196.8

360.7
23.4
201.2

359.7
23.5
200.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

369.1
57.4
90.5
19.4
47.3
22.9
23.7

358.4
53.9
85.9
17.2
46.6
21.7
22.3

367.5
54.6
88.1
18.0
47.3
21.6
22.4

73.4
8.4
18.9
3.1
17.7
5.5
3.0

70.6
8.2
18.5
3.2
18.0
5.7
2.8

72.7
8.6
19.2
3.2
18.2
5.7
3.1

381.8
46.9
103.2
13.6
60.8
29.3
16.9

391.5
46.6
104.3
13.9
62.0
29.6
17.4

392.6
46.7
104.8
14.0
62.2
29.6
17.6

Delaware
Wilmington

69.4
58.7

72.5
61.9

72.6
61.4

14.0
14.9

12.9
14.5

13.4
14.8

73.0
59.3

76.7
61.2

75.5
61.2

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

16.1
86.9

16.1
86.2

15.9
86.4

25.2
107.9

22.9
105.3

25.5
114.9

64.1
426.6

65.8
442.3

66.4
440.9

538.9
11.7
46.2
5.8
39.1
29.4
93.0
57.4
11.0
8.6
5.0
96.1
35.0

541.5
11.8
46.5
6.5
39.9
30.5
91.0
56.4
11.3
8.8
4.9
97.3
34.0

543.2
11.8
46.6
6.6
40.4
30.6
90.9
56.3
11.3
8.7
4.9
97.3
34.5

260.2
3.6
23.0
5.2
27.5
5.7
69.5
25.9
6.6
3.4
2.8
39.2
12.5

262.2
3.7
22.9
5.3
27.4
6.0
67.0
26.1
6.7
3.4
2.8
40.3
13.1

262.7
3.8
22.9
5.2
27.7
6.1
67.0
26.1
6.8
3.4
2.8
40.2
13.2

1,374.7
34.7
142.1
33.7
113.6
36.1
233.2
130.6
31.9
31.4
24.3
225.8
88.6

1,429.8
36.1
146.0
36.0
117.1
37.2
240.9
134.6
32.3
33.7
24.9
237.1
96.6

1,434.9
36.0
146.2
36.5
117.5
37.2
241.3
134.9
32.2
33.6
25.0
237.0
97.8

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
,
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

345.3
101.5
25.6
44.4
29.4
13.0

345.9
101.7
25.6
44.5
29.5
13.2

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

70.6
28.7
3.7
8.0
7.6
2.1

71.8
27.9
3.9
7.9
7.6
2.1

71.6
27.8
3.9
7.9
7.6
2.1

288.8
94.2
30.7
38.4
28.2
9.0

296.5
97.2
32.1
39.1
29.1
9.3

297.7
96.8
31.9
38.9
29.2
9.4

301.9
60.8
29.6
27.2
31.5
19.6

308.1
61.3
30.1
27.2
31.4
19.7

Alaska

10.7

10.7

10.6

44.3

47.0

45.8

68.6

66.5

70.9

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

92.2
73.5
12.1

92.4
73.7
11.6

92.3
73.7
11.6

358.2
241.9
66.5

366.6
244.0
69.3

370.4
247.7
69.7

242.4
123.4
52.6

220.4
114.9
48.2

253.2
131.0
53.6

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

38.1
1.5
2.7
16.0
1.4

38.6
1.4
2.6
16.0
1.3

38.3
1.5
2.6
15.9
1.3

164.2
7.9
16.7
57.1
6.5

173.0
8.3
17.1
59.5
6.9

173.3
8.2
16.5
59.6
6.9

151.1
10.9
7.7
46.0
7.6

143.3
10.1
7.1
44.8
7.1

155.8
11.1
8.3
47.3
7.6

817.4
92.8
6.4
12.1
287.6
4.4
55.6
11.4
27.9
36.3
64.3
111.6
32.9
8.6
8.6
8.8
4.6

833.0
92.1
6.5
11.9
290.9
4.3
56.6
11.4
28.4
37.9
65.9
111.6
33.5
8.8
8.6
8.6
4.7

833.5
91.7
6.5
11.9
291.2
4.3
56.7
11.4
28.6
38.1
66.1
111.2
33.2
8.8
8.5
8.6
4.6

3,107.0
284.7
33.4
51.7
1,108.4
23.2
202.0
52.2
147.6
126.4
248.2
292.3
209.3
40.1
29.1
31.1
28.7

3,198.2
297.5
33.6
54.2
1,130.2
23.6
210.9
54.6
150.3
133.7
261.9
301.5
215.1
40.4
30.2
30.9
30.4

3,215.5
296.2
33.1
55.3
1,139.1
23.7
212.8
55.0
151.8
133.9
263.0
301.7
213.0
40.7
30.2
31.2
30.3

1,908.6
115.2
42.6
44.8
494.2
17.7
160.0
39.8
126.0
169.1
163.9
134.1
86.3
25.4
22.7
31.7
37.5

1,902.5
111.0
39.2
42.1
495.8
17.9
156.9
40.5
124.0
172.9
159.2
132.4
83.5
26.0
20.0
31.3
37.7

1,988.4
118.2
42.9
46.8
511.8
18.3
163.4
40.6
131.5
178.5
169.1
136.4
85.1
26.9
23.3
32.2
38.3

94.4
4.0
62.9

94.9
4.1
63.0

94.6
4.1
62.7

351.6
22.9
209.6

366.7
23.9
216.8

361.7
23.7
214.6

265.6
22.7
125.1

252.0
20.1
118.5

269.2
22.7
127.1

154.2
12.9
75.9
4.3
16.3
14.2
4.7

156.5
13.4
76.6
4.7
17.1
14.8
4.8

155.3
13.4
76.1
4.7
17.1
14.8
4.7

410.0
48.5
113.8
14.1
71.5
37.5
22.0

420.1
50.7
115.8
14.7
74.3
38.9
22.2

419.0
50.8
115.8
14.7
74.6
38.1
22.3

202.7
19.7
62.1
6.6
31.6
10.8
12.6

200.7
17.5
60.9
6.2
30.5
10.2
12.2

206.2
19.6
62.6
6.6
31.6
10.8
12.6

29.8
26.4

33.5
29.1

33.2
28.9

76.9
67.7

80.9
69.5

80.1
69.8

46.5
36.2

46.9
35.5

46.8
35.7

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

34.8
128.3

35.0
134.6

35.1
133.6

244.0
707.7

253.8
744.9

256.2
743.3

273.7
571.1

286.9
580.4

276.1
584.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

366.0
6.4
39.5
8.1
39.2
5.7
71.0
33.5
5.6
8.5
4.9
65.9
28.2

377.5
6.2
40.0
8.9
40.1
5.9
73.1
34.4
5.6
8.6
5.0
66.5
28.9

377.3
6.2
40.1
8.8
40.2
5.9
73.2
34.3
5.6
8.5
5.0
66.2
29.2

1,404.1
32.9
130.8
32.8
104.8
46.1
232.7
161.3
32.4
33.3
23.9
239.7
100.1

1,472.7
34.2
134.4
34.6
108.8
47.7
243.5
173.8
33.0
34.7
24.3
251.4
107.4

1,470.0
33.9
134.6
34.7
109.6
48.2
244.7
172.1
33.1
34.8
24.4
252.1
109.3

778.9
18.6
60.7
17.2
60.1
21.5
115.1
58.7
29.2
13.6
47.3
103.7
43.5

758.8
18.6
60.1
17.0
56.4
22.4
113.8
53.7
27.8
13.4
46.3
99.3
41.9

820.1
20.0
64.9
18.2
61.9
23.1
120.6
61.3
29.5
14.5
49.3
108.4
45.5

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

70




315.8
61.7
30.9
27.3
31.3
20.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructior

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989p

2,903.8
63.7
1,424.2
159.0
95.0
122.6
106.3

2,933.8
64.9
1,443.9
159.4
95.4
123.0
105.8

2,940.0
64.8
1,449.4
159.0
94.9
122.7
106.0

(1)

(1)

Hawaii
Honolulu

473.1
373.1

493.4
387.9

488.9
384.5

(1)
(1)

0
O

Idaho
Boise City

360.1
94.3

366.2
98.4

375.0
98.8

(2)

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,123.5
144.5
60.3
86.9
3,142.2
156.5
51.9
99.3
33.2
202.0
141.2
130.4
100.1

5,161.5
147.2
60.9
83.7
3,167.1
157.4
52.4
98.7
34.2
206.7
143.6
131.7
106.1

5,189.2
146.1
63.8
88.4
3,168.9
158.0
52.6
99.6
34.1
211.6
143.4
131.1
101.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,441.2
49.9
56.2
104.5
131.1
194.4
233.0
633.8
66.4
52.7
115.5
54.5

2,463.9
49.4
59.0
105.6
132.9
198.1
238.9
648.9
62.2
50.2
117.5
54.2

2,499.1
50.9
62.5
106.3
133.8
198.5
243.8
653.4
68.8
52.2
121.5
57.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,172.5
89.3
214.8
42.4
51.8
64.3

1,183.3
90.8
220.6
40.0
53.2
63.5

1,201.2
91.1
221.1
43.0
53.5
66.1

0
(11)
()

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,041.0
89.5
237.2

1,044.1
89.4
241.2

1,062.5
90.3
245.7

10.4
(1)
2.1

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,382.8
192.9
454.5
34.6

1,396.8
197.2
459.9
33.8

1,402.7
198.8
456.7
34.1

36.1
.3
.9
.7

34.7
.2
1.2
.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,506.7
45.5
222.6
53.5
86.1
54.9
515.7
130.5

1,511.0
44.9
219.5
54.2
86.5
54.4
520.8
125.7

1,520.8
45.4
223.3
54.0
86.0
54.5
518.7
127.4

57.1
.2
1.0
5.9
11.6
.5
15.1
3.2

57.3
.2
1.0
6.1
11.5
.5
14.9
3.2

533.0
41.0
131.4

535.4
40.7
135.7

536.3
41.6
136.9

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

9.0
.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1

8.8
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

(2)

21.4

2.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

O

(2)
(2)
(2)
2.2

(2)
(2)

(1)
(1)

23.8
18.8

27.7
21.3

28.1
21.8

3.9

17.1
5.4

18.1
5.0

17.9
5.0

20.7
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.2
(1)
1
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

221.6
7.6
1.8
2.8
139.7
5.1
2.6
6.0
1.2
10.2
6.3
4.7
3.1

223.8
8.6
2.5
2.8
143.4
5.1
2.7
6.0
1.3
12.5
6.4
4.8
3.1

218.2
8.5
2.5
2.8
143.3
5.1
2.7
6.0
1.3
12.6
6.2
4.7
3.0

8.4

119.9
1.5
2.5
3.1
7.8
10.0
13.7
33.9
3.3
2.2
5.9
2.2

129.8
1.8
3.7
3.3
7.9
11.0
17.6
37.7
4.1
2.4
7.8
2.5

128.4
1.8
3.6
3.2
7.6
10.8
17.4
37.2
4.0
2.3
7.7
2.5

2.2

2.2
(2)
(2)

.9

.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

(1)

145.6
2.5
69.3
10.7
5.2
5.0
6.6

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Sept.
1989P

147.2
2.5
69.5
10.8
5.3
5.2
6.6

8.4

8.6
(2)
(2)
(2)

.9
(2)
(2)
(2)

.4

.3

.3

2.4
.1

2.3
.1

2.3
.1

43.9
3.6
7.5
1.2
1.9
2.4

44.7
3.2
7.5
1.2
1.9
2.8

44.0
3.2
7.5
1.1
1.8
2.8

9.8
2.0

45.0
3.5
10.8

45.9
3.5
10.3

44.0
3.4
10.2

34.9
.2
1.2
.6

66.2
12.4
22.1
2.1

67.0
13.1
21.9
2.0

66.2
13.2
21.3
2.0

57.3
.2
1.0
6.1
11.4
.5
14.9
3.3

87.4
2.3
24.3
1.7
3.5
2.4
22.9
6.7

91.2
2.2
24.4
1.8
3.6
2.4
23.1
6.2

91.8
2.2
24.0
1.8
3.6
2.5
22.8
6.1

.2

36.9
2.5
9.4

36.3
2.5
9.8

35.4
2.4
9.7

1

1

0
O
(11)
()

()

()
(1)

01
()

10.1

0)

.2
(1)
(1)

2.2

O
0
O
(1)
0
0)
(1)
(1)

Aug.
1989

149.3
2.5
71.0
10.2
5.2
5.3
6.5

(2)

20.7

01
(1)
()

Sept.
1988

8.8
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

4.0

3.7

0
(11)
()

Sept.
1989P

2.1

0)

.3
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989p

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

571.4
15.0
178.5
36.4
20.5
19.6
17.8

563.8
15.2
173.4
36.1
20.8
19.0
17.7

566.3
14.9
175.7
35.8
20.7
19.3
17.6

185.4
1.7
122.0
4.5
3.5
5.3
10.1

185.5
2.0
119.9
4.4
3.7
5.3
10.1

186.5
2.0
121.0
4.3
3.7
5.3
10.2

750.0
14.3
403.7
35.0
21.2
28.5
26.5

760.2
14.2
414.1
35.0
21.0
28.2
26.2

758.4
14.5
413.6
35.0
20.9
28.0
26.0

Hawaii
Honolulu .

22.3
16.6

22.2
16.5

21.9
16.0

38.2
31.4

39.9
32.9

40.2
33.1

127.7
99.6

130.7
101.6

129.7
101.2

Idaho
Boise City .

60.2
13.4

62.4
15.0

64.1
14.9

19.4
5.3

19.1
5.3

19.6
5.2

88.7
23.6

92.7
25.2

93.2
25.0

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline.
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

975.8
38.2
6.3
8.4
565.9
32.5
13.7
19.2
5.3
43.6
34.1
46.0
3.7

982.1
38.7
8.5
8.8
562.6
33.0
13.8
19.5
5.6
44.6
35.7
45.8
3.6

982.0
38.4
8.6
9.0
561.9
32.9
13.7
19.3
5.6
45.1
35.9
45.7
3.6

304.0
3.1
2.7
2.4
191.7
8.0
5.0
8.4
1.2
7.1
6.9
4.9
4.9

304.5
3.0
2.6
2.4
190.4
8.1
5.1
8.2
1.3
7.2
7.0
5.1
5.0

305.5
3.0
2.7
2.4
191.9
8.1
5.1
8.2
1.3
7.5
7.1
5.0
5.0

1,263.4
39.0
13.1
20.2
782.6
42.8
11.5
22.9
8.4
55.4
33.9
28.6
22.4

1,295.5
40.3
13.2
19.6
786.7
43.4
11.6
22.9
8.4
59.6
33.8
28.9
24.4

1,293.0
40.3
13.2
20.0
788.3
43.5
11.8
22.9
8.5
59.4
33.9
28.8
22.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette .
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka....
Terre Haute

638.9
17.5
10.0
57.1
31.4
52.8
56.8
106.7
12.6
11.1
22.3
10.2

638.2
16.6
10.8
57.0
31.5
53.5
58.3
107.4
12.4
11.0
23.3
10.3

640.7
17.7
10.2
56.8
31.3
52.7
58.3
108.8
13.4
9.0
23.5
10.2

126.0
1.5
1.7
2.9
6.6
12.8
15.7
39.4
1.9
2.4
5.3
3.0

130.1
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
13.4
15.9
41.4
2.0
2.3
5.5
3.3

130.8
1.5
1.8
3.0
6.6
13.4
16.0
41.5
2.0
2.4
5.5
3.3

580.4
11.4
12.8
18.9
34.0
48.0
55.6
163.0
13.3
12.8
30.4
15.0

590.8
11.8
12.5
19.6
35.0
49.5
59.1
168.5
13.4
13.2
31.1
15.1

589.2
11.8
13.2
19.3
34.9
49.2
58.9
167.8
13.7
13.4
31.2
15.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls ....

230.2
23.6
25.1
12.1
9.8
15.1

233.7
24.1
26.6
10.8
10.6
15.4

236.7
23.9
26.7
12.5
10.7
15.4

55.5
5.4
12.5
1.8
3.2
1.8

56.4
5.5
12.7
1.8
3.4
1.9

56.2
5.5
12.7
1.9
3.5
1.9

300.2
21.4
56.5
10.0
13.6
15.1

311.1
22.0
58.1
10.3
13.8
15.6

310.7
21.6
57.4
10.2
13.8
15.7

Kansas ...
Topeka .
Wichita..

181.5
8.5
61.6

185.2
9.1
63.9

183.9
8.7
64.1

64.9
6.8
11.0

65.6
6.6
11.7

66.0
6.6
11.8

259.6
21.3
54.8

260.3
21.8
54.9

260.5
21.7
54.6

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette.
Louisville
Owensboro

277.2
31.8
88.5
6.1

282.3
34.4
87.5
6.3

277.4
34.7
83.8
6.3

74.0
8.3
28.8
2.1

75.6
8.4
29.1
2.1

75.4
8.4
29.1
2.0

330.9
42.7
113.1
8.8

335.7
43.4
111.7
8.6

334.8
43.4
111.6
8.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

171.5
3.2
19.2
4.8
7.0
7.6
43.0
18.1

173.1
3.5
19.9
4.5
7.1
7.0
43.6
17.9

173.1
3.4
19.7
4.5
7.2
7.2
43.8
18.0

108.2
2.1
10.4
6.3
6.2
2.9
44.6
8.1

109.9
2.1
10.4
6.2
6.0
2.9
44.4
8.0

109.4
2.1
10.3
6.3
6.0
2.9
44.3
8.0

358.7
11.0
53.1
13.8
23.4
14.0
134.9
31.7

363.0
10.6
53.4
14.0
23.6
13.8
134.5
31.4

361.1
10.6
53.5
13.9
23.7
13.5
134.2
31.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland

109.2
10.4
17.3

109.8
10.0
17.1

108.1
9.9
17.2

21.8
1.5
5.4

20.6
1.3
4.7

20.5
1.4
4.6

130.2
10.2
39.4

135.5
10.7
41.8

132.9
10.9
42.2

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins.
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

72




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989p

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

162.6
2.0
104.0
5.7
6.5
7.6
4.7

164.5
1.9
106.0
5.5
6.5
8.0
4.6

163.3
1.9
104.8
5.5
6.6
8.0
4.4

582.3
10.3
342.6
33.0
17.4
23.1
24.8

600.7
10.2
356.2
33.4
17.4
23.2
24.6

600.2
10.2
356.8
33.4
17.2
23.1
25.0

493.6
17.8
200.9
33.6
20.5
33.1
15.9

503.0
18.8
203.5
33.7
20.7
33.9
16.1

511.0
18.6
206.9
33.7
20.6
33.9
16.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.1
29.6

35.9
30.0

35.9
30.1

133.3
100.2

138.4
103.8

138.5
104.1

92.7
76.9

98.6
81.8

94.6
78.2

Idaho
Boise City

19.7
7.9

19.6
7.9

19.5
8.0

73.9
21.3

77.7
22.6

78.4
22.3

77.4
17.4

72.6
17.4

78.4
18.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

370.2
8.4
10.0
3.5
271.4
8.2
2.2
3.8
1.5
7.0
7.4
5.2
8.0

376.8
8.7
10.0
3.5
275.1
8.3
2.2
3.7
1.6
7.0
7.6
5.5
8.3

375.3
8.6
10.0
3.5
273.1
8.3
2.1
3.7
1.5
7.0
7.6
5.4
8.3

1,231.9
32.7
13.2
16.4
824.5
33.0
11.3
21.8
9.0
47.0
36.3
29.2
25.2

1,270.9
34.2
13.6
17.1
850.3
33.0
11.8
22.0
9.7
46.4
37.4
30.5
28.0

1,257.7
34.1
13.5
16.8
846.4
33.2
11.5
22.2
9.3
47.2
36.7
29.8
25.5

735.2
15.4
13.2
33.2
364.1
26.9
5.6
16.9
6.6
31.3
16.3
11.8
32.7

687.2
13.7
10.5
29.5
356.4
26.5
5.2
16.4
6.3
29.4
15.7
11.1
33.7

736.8
13.2
13.3
33.9
361.8
26.9
5.7
17.3
6.6
32.8
16.0
11.7
33.2

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

120.1
1.6
2.0
2.7
5.2
12.4
8.3
48.8
3.1
1.7
6.1
2.0

126.8
1.7
2.3
3.0
5.4
13.3
8.6
50.0
3.3
1.7
6.5
2.0

125.0
1.7
2.4
3.0
5.3
13.0
8.5
49.2
3.2
1.7
6.4
2.0

483.2
10.2
8.8
14.2
31.3
40.3
51.3
146.6
11.2
11.2
34.2
11.2

501.6
10.3
9.6
14.5
32.3
42.3
52.9
151.3
12.1
11.4
33.1
11.5

503.8
10.5
9.6
14.8
32.6
42.9
53.1
151.8
12.1
11.7
36.0
11.9

364.1
6.1
18.4
5.8
12.6
18.0
31.5
94.5
21.0
11.4
11.4
10.5

338.2
5.7
18.4
5.3
12.0
15.1
26.5
91.6
14.9
8.2
10.3
9.1

372.8
5.9
21.7
6.1
13.2
16.5
31.6
96.2
20.4
11.7
11.2
11.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

66.4
4.8
29.5
1.4
2.5
2.9

69.2
5.1
31.3
1.5
2.6
2.9

68.6
5.0
31.2
1.5
2.6
2.9

266.9
21.0
54.8
12.5
14.3
14.7

267.3
21.5
56.0
11.4
14.4
14.2

274.2
22.3
56.6
12.4
14.7
14.7

207.0
9.4
28.7
3.3
6.5
12.2

198.6
9.3
28.2
2.9
6.5
10.6

208.5
9.6
28.8
3.3
6.4
12.6

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

58.5
6.6
11.0

59.1
6.7
10.8

58.7
6.7
10.8

215.5
21.1
57.5

222.3
20.9
59.4

223.5
20.9
60.4

205.6
21.6
28.4

195.6
20.7
28.1

216.1
22.2
31.8

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

58.9
9.2
26.9
1.4

59.2
9.3
26.5
1.4

58.9
9.3
26.2
1.4

296.3
42.9
112.8
8.1

303.1
42.3
121.0
8.0

304.7
42.8
121.1
8.1

243.2
45.3
61.4
5.3

239.2
46.1
61.0
4.8

250.4
46.8
62.4
5.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

82.1
2.6
13.8
2.2
3.5
4.4
33.8
6.5

79.5
2.6
13.5
2.1
3.5
4.2
32.9
6.0

79.6
2.5
13.6
2.0
3.5
4.2
32.9
6.0

329.6
11.5
46.3
9.0
18.8
12.0
138.1
31.6

329.2
11.4
46.3
9.6
18.9
12.1
138.2
30.7

333.6
11.6
46.5
9.7
18.4
12.2
140.5
30.8

312.1
12.6
54.5
9.8
12.1
11.1
83.3
24.6

307.8
12.3
50.6
9.9
12.3
11.5
89.2
22.3

314.9
12.8
54.7
9.7
12.2
11.5
85.3
24.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

25.3
2.2
12.3

25.8
2.2
12.0

25.5
2.2
11.9

117.8
10.2
31.6

124.7
10.6
35.4

119.8
10.8
35.0

91.6
4.0
16.0

82.4
3.4
14.8

93.9
4.0
16.2

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

2,110.8
1,124.2
471.7
754.1

2,117.7
1,123.8
470.4
757.3

2,134.1
1,131.2
476.1
770.1

1.8
.3

1.7
.3

168.2
78.8
20.6
69.5

167.1
79.4
20.6
69.6

167.8
79.1
20.4
69.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,126.0
1,754.2
74.6
56.6
41.5
166.2
109.2
69.1
42.7
241.4
208.1

3,118.2
1,734.8
74.8
55.7
40.9
165.1
109.1
68.9
44.1
239.2
211.7

3,118.8
1,746.6
75.7
56.2
41.5
166.8
109.6
69.0
43.3
241.4
214.1

1.8
1.0

1.4
1.1

152.1
77.0
4.5
3.5
2.8
8.3
6.2
3.7
2.9
10.9
11.4

148.0
76.7
4.8
3.8
2.8
8.2
6.6
4.2
3.1
11.3
11.3

141.4
73.7
4.7
3.8
2.8
8.0
6.5
4.1
2.9
10.9
11.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

3,812.1
172.2
58.9
65.8
1,903.2
163.6
334.9
53.5
109.6
209.1
58.3
157.9

3,839.6
167.4
59.3
66.9
1,934.6
169.4
339.8
55.0
108.3
209.0
58.6
160.2

3,876.0
173.9
60.0
66.5
1,948.3
172.1
345.2
54.7
112.8
210.3
58.3
162.7

10.5

147.9
7.0
2.0
1.7
70.0
5.7
18.1
1.7
3.8
7.5
2.6
8.3

148.4
6.5
2.3
1.7
70.8
5.9
18.5
1.8
4.0
7.0
2.8
8.3

148.4
6.0
2.3
1.7
70.5
6.0
18.3
1.8
4.0
7.1
2.7
8.5

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul ...
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,050.8
92.8
1,334.2
61.3
72.7

2,091.9
92.0
1,363.7
62.8
72.6

2,106.8
93.5
1,372.6
63.8
75.0

7.5
4.9

7.8
5.2

7.9
5.2

90.1
3.8
59.4
2.3
4.0

91.9
3.9
60.6
2.4
4.4

91.2
3.8
60.2
2.5
4.3

905.4
182.4

903.0
184.1

922.2
186.8

6.3
.9

5.8
.8

5.9
.9

37.9
8.8

35.3
8.5

36.1
8.4

2,261.8
760.5
1,150.1
114.5

2,264.3
768.4
1,155.5
113.3

2,290.7
775.6
1,165.8
115.8

5.4
.6
3.3
.1

5.4
.5
3.2
.1

5.3
.5
3.3
.1

100.2
34.6
57.8
4.9

98.7
35.1
57.6
4.8

96.9
34.4
56.3
4.7

Montana .

285.1

283.1

286.7

6.4

6.5

6.4

9.9

10.4

10.4

Nebraska..
Lincoln ....
Omaha ....

693.6
119.4
310.6

710.8
120.7
321.0

715.5
122.9
320.8

1.6

2.0

1.9

.2

.2

.2

26.0
4.4
12.5

28.5
4.1
13.0

27.7
4.1
12.8

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

552.4
314.1
141.4

579.1
330.9
145.2

584.6
336.3
145.6

11.7
.2
1.4

13.4
.2
1.5

13.3
.2
1.5

40.0
24.5
8.5

45.6
28.9
9.1

45.5
28.7
9.1

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester..

538.0
86.6
96.4
115.1

534.6
85.4
93.1
114.4

535.7
85.4
94.2
113.7

.7

.7

.7

39.1
6.6
4.9
6.5

36.2
6.6
4.4
5.9

34.5
6.4
4.3
5.5

3,662.9
179.4
673.8
435.5
248.6
529.6
332.4
953.6
198.1
57.9

3,705.6
191.7
683.4
443.5
249.9
544.8
350.2
959.9
196.6
59.1

3,690.6
181.8
686.2
443.5
251.5
542.5
340.7
964.5
198.9
59.3

183.6
10.3
34.1
26.0
7.4
25.3
21.6
41.1
5.8
2.5

186.5
12.3
35.7
26.5
7.9
26.0
24.;
42.9
6.5
2.4

183.2
12.2
35.5
26.1
7.9
26.2
24.1
42.6
6.4
2.4

Mississippi .
Jackson ....
Missouri
Kansas City.
St. Louis
Springfield ...

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

74




Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

O1
()
0)1
()

()
O

O

0

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

()

V)
.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

10.8

11.0
()

0
0

O
O
1

(1)

()
0)

o1
()

o
0)
(1)

1

0

2

2

)

)
.1

.1
.1

.1
.1

2.4

2.5

2.5

.1
.1

V)

Aug.
1989

Sept.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

210.9
134.0
45.7
35.7

206.9
129.9
45.4
36.2

205.9
130.1
45.7
36.6

97.3
55.5
27.8
28.4

87.1
50.9
25.6
24.3

96.2
56.4
28.1
28.6

534.0
276.1
96.5
199.1

546.1
278.9
96.1
205.0

542.0
278.8
96.0
204.3

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg—Leominster
Lawrence—Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford .
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

583.8
271.3
10.8
15.5
12.0
50.2
36.4
18.8
10.8
50.8
45.0

563.8
261.5
10.5
14.5
12.0
46.8
35.2
17.6
10.9
49.3
45.9

563.1
261.2
10.7
14.7
12.1
47.0
34.9
17.6
10.9
48.8
46.0

135.6
77.5
5.2
2.0
1.7
7.1
4.9
3.0
1.2
10.0
9.6

121.9
69.8
4.4
1.6
1.3
6.4
5.4
2.6
1.0
9.3
8.7

125.1
71.1
4.6
1.6
1.4
6.8
5.6
2.8
1.1
9.9
8.9

735.6
387.4
22.5
14.7
10.3
37.2
23.5
16.6
9.9
58.1
50.2

738.8
380.8
23.3
14.7
10.1
38.7
23.8
16.8
10.6
58.6
51.4

736.7
382.7
23.5
14.6
10.3
38.6
23 8
16.8
10.5
59.5
51.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint

952.0
38.0
15.7
22.3
460.9
48.8
99.9
13.6
30.4
33.8
17.3
44.0

938.2
33.7
15.7
22.1
463.6
49.2
100.5
13.8
30.0
31.7
16.1
43.5

948.6
34.0
15.6
21.7
469.8
51.3
100.9
13.9
30.2
31.1
16.1
43.9

154.9
4.4
1.9
2.4
88.2
4.1
11.8
4.2
3.2
5.4
1.9
6.9

156.6
4.0
1.8
2.4
88.1
4.1
12.2
4.2
3.4
5.5
2.4
7.0

156.9
4.0
1.8
2.5
88.5
4.2
12.3
4.2
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.0

897.7
31.9
12.1
14.1
447.3
43.9
87.6
12.0
24.6
44.8
13.7
37.1

924.5
33.8
12.5
15.3
466.0
46.2
91.0
12.6
26.4
47.3
14.1
37.7

923.3
34.8
12.5
14.9
464.0
46.6
92.0
12.6
26.6
47.5
14.0
37.5

Minnesota
Puluth
MinneaDolis-St Paul
RochsstGr
St Cloud

402.5
8.0
267.4
11.2
13.6

408.4
8.0
269.8
12.0
14.0

405.2
8.1
267.3
12.0
14.1

104.3
5.8
71.6
1.8
3.7

105.3
6.1
73.2
1.8
3.9

108.2
6.0
74.3
1.9
3.8

516.3
23.1
333.6
12.6
21.4

530.5
23.4
341.8
13.0
22.8

528.4
23.4
340.6
13.0
22.7

Mississippi
Jackson

239.9
21.0

243.1
21.1

243.3
21.1

44.6
13.4

44.9
13.4

45.2
13.4

192.6
42.9

197.9
44.2

197.9
44.2

Missouri
Kansas Citv
St Louis
Springfield

432.6
110.9
225.7
22.0

435.6
111.2
227.4
21.0

432.2
111.0
226.8
21.1

147.6
62.1
74.4
7.1

148.2
62.5
74.3
7.4

150.0
63.7
75.2
7.4

559.2
199.9
277.5
32.0

563.4
199.5
283.8
32.3

560.8
200.0
280.9
32.6

Montana

21.6

21.9

22.0

19.6

19.6

19.6

74.0

76.0

75.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

96.3
14.8
35.7

99.9
15.1
36.2

99.5
15.3
36.3

45.5
6.4
24.2

47.8
6.8
26.0

48.1
6.9
26.4

178.6
27.1
78.1

183.8
27.4
79.7

182.5
27.4
78.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.4
9.8
8.6

26.3
10.4
9.0

26.4
10.5
9.0

29.5
16.6
9.4

30.4
17.5
9.2

30.5
17.6
9.2

111.6
64.7
32.7

118.7
69.2
34.1

118.9
69.8
33.9

New HamDshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth—Dover Rochester

119.3
12.0
36.4
20.9

116.8
11.2
35.6
20.4

116.3
11.2
35.2
20.2

18.4
5.3
2.7
3.2

17.7
5.6
2.8
3.3

16.7
4.5
2.6
2.9

137.2
23.8
22.5
30.1

141.2
23.0
21.5
32.1

139.0
23.2
21.6
30.5

New Jersev
Atlantic Citv
Bergen Passaic
Camden
Jersev Citv
MjHrilpQPY Somerset Hunterdon
Monmouth Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland Millville Bridaeton

669.5
8.6
158.6
73.5
45.9
116.0
29.4
175.7
31.9
15.8

660.4
8.5
155.3
73.4
45.9
116.7
29.5
169.2
30.3
15.7

663.6
8.6
156.2
73.4
45.9
115.9
29.6
172.4
30.7
15.8

245.7
6.7
28.1
19.6
33.9
43.5
18.1
79.2
6.6
2.3

232.4
6.1
26.2
18.8
33.3
44.0
17.7
74.5
6.1
2.2

245.4
6.4
28.2
20.0
34.1
45.4
19.2
78.3
6.7
2.3

875.5
43.1
191.1
116.7
62.3
126.1
90.4
194.9
31.6
11.5

887.9
49.8
193.0
118.3
62.7
128.7
94.6
196.5
32.6
12.8

879.9
43.4
193.6
118.4
63.1
128.9
89.3
197.0
32.6
12.5

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Marvland-D C

Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansina—East Lansino
Muskegon
Saoinaw Bav Citv—Midland

.

.

.

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

131.2
78.1
46.2
44.1

134.3
79.1
46.1
46.4

133.7
78.8
46.1
45.9

571.4
299.2
144.5
219.9

587.4
305.0
146.9
225.6

583.4
305.3
148.4
223.5

396.0
202.2
90.4
156.9

387.1
200.3
89.7
149.7

403.4
202.4
91.4
161.7

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

227.3
155.9
3.3
3.3
1.7
6.7
4.0
2.6
2.1
15.8
14.8

238.8
161.6
3.5
3.7
1.7
7.2
4.1
2.6
2.1
16.0
16.4

234.7
160.3
3.4
3.6
1.7
7.1
4.0
2.6
2.1
15.7
16.0

892.7
579.2
16.1
10.8
8.4
35.6
21.0
14.2
11.1
58.9
52.8

919.8
589.7
16.5
11.1
8.7
38.4
21.5
14.9
11.8
59.7
55.0

920.4
594.6
16.4
11.1
8.6
38.2
21.6
14.7
11.2
60.3
56.1

397.1
204.9
12.2
6.8
4.6
21.1
13.0
10.2
4.6
36.8
24.2

385.7
193.6
11.8
6.3
4.3
19.4
12.4
10.2
4.5
34.9
22.9

396.0
201.9
12.4
6.8
4.6
21.1
13.1
10.4
4.5
36.2
24.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

185.1
4.7
3.4
2.6
109.2
5.9
15.3
2.0
5.0
12.6
1.4
6.3

190.6
5.0
3.6
2.5
110.7
6.1
16.0
2.0
5.1
13.1
1.4
6.5

189.2
4.9
3.6
2.5
110.0
6.1
15.9
2.1
5.1
13.0
1.4
6.4

861.8
36.4
12.0
14.2
484.5
31.9
69.8
9.9
24.4
40.3
12.2
34.2

891.1
39.1
12.1
14.4
500.6
33.7
70.8
10.3
25.1
42.4
12.6
37.1

891.3
39.6
12.2
14.4
499.3
33.7
72.7
10.4
25.1
42.6
12.5
37.3

601.9
49.6
11.7
8.4
242.2
23.3
32.3
9.8
18.1
64.1
9.0
21.0

579.3
45.3
11.3
8.3
233.8
24.1
30.5
9.9
14.4
61.6
9.2
19.9

607.8
50.5
12.0
8.7
245.3
24.2
32.8
9.6
18.4
62.9
9.1
21.8

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

119.8
3.1
93.4
1.5
2.3

123.3
3.2
96.6
1.6
2.3

123.3
3.2
96.7
1.6
2.2

502.3
22.7
341.4
25.8
15.8

522.6
23.0
353.7
26.7
15.4

527.0
22.9
358.4
26.6
16.5

308.0
21.3
166.8
6.1
11.9

302.1
19.2
167.4
5.3
9.8

315.6
20.9
174.5
6.2
11.4

39.1
14.6

39.5
15.0

39.4
14.9

146.7
40.9

149.1
43.0

152.0
42.5

198.3
39.9

187.3
38.1

202.4
41.4

135.9
58.1
75.4
5.1

138.0
58.7
76.3
5.3

137.0
58.4
75.4
5.3

530.4
181.1
295.2
28.7

543.8
188.8
302.9
29.3

542.6
189.7
303.7
29.8

350.5
113.2
140.8
14.6

331.2
112.1
130.0
13.1

365.9
117.9
144.2
14.8

Montana

13.4

13.7

13.5

68.5

70.5

69.2

71.7

64.5

70.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

48.2
8.4
28.9

49.2
8.4
30.1

49.1
8.2
29.8

160.0
27.3
85.0

167.1
28.6
91.1

167.4
29.5
91.0

137.4
31.0
46.0

132.5
30.3
44.7

139.3
31.5
45.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.1
15.6
7.0

26.8
16.9
7.2

26.8
17.0
7.2

241.3
148.4
56.9

251.5
154.8
58.8

251.4
155.8
58.5

67.8
34.3
16.9

66.4
33.0
16.3

71.8
36.7
17.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

32.4
8.2
3.7
7.1

33.8
8.5
3.6
7.2

33.2
8.5
3.6
7.2

120.9
22.1
19.3
22.2

125.4
22.2
19.3
22.9

124.3
22.7
19.6
22.3

70.0
8.6
6.8
24.9

62.8
8.3
5.8
22.5

71.0
8.9
7.2
25.0

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

237.1
7.8
39.4
24.9
13.4
38.7
18.8
78.8
9.6
3.4

246.5
7.9
42.3
26.5
14.0
39.2
19.5
81.6
10.3
3.5

242.4
7.8
41.6
26.2
13.9
38.9
19.2
80.9
10.2
3.5

910.1
77.8
155.3
105.4
44.5
110.6
93.9
250.2
56.8
10.6

945.6
81.5
162.9
109.2
43.5
117.5
101.8
258.6
57.0
10.8

931.1
77.8
162.9
107.7
44.9
115.3
97.1
257.7
57.7
11.0

539.0
25.0
67.1
69.3
41.2
68.7
60.1
133.0
55.8
11.4

543.8
25.5
67.8
70.7
42.6
72.0
62.8
135.9
53.8
11.3

542.5
25.5
68.0
71.8
41.7
71.2
62.1
135.0
54.6
11.4

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

76




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

546.5
238.8
40.5
55.5

554.4
240.7
41.0
57.6

561.6
243.2
42.7
56.7

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,212.1
415.2
124.2
451.5
40.1
1,141.7
4,129.8
3,597.6
83.7
105.5
120.7
482.7
99.5
306.9
127.3
414.1

8,237.4
426.4
121.5
450.7
41.5
1,140.7
4,115.5
3,582.1
84.2
106.9
120.5
487.0
100.9
305.8
127.1
413.4

8,236.3
427.0
123.0
455.8
41.1
1,139.3
4,118.9
3,589.4
84.9
106.0
120.5
487.8
99.9
309.1
127.5
410.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

2,992.5
81.4
595.8
483.0
397.7

3,005.7
83.4
607.5
472.5
400.5

3,051.1
83.0
610.8
482.5
404.9

260.4
38.3
72.9
30.1

259.2
39.4
73.2
29.8

263.6
39.7
75.3
30.7

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,731.7
276.8
160.9
711.9
911.4
683.6
442.8
289.5
197.6

4,807.2
278.9
165.1
736.7
931.6
701.2
448.2
291.5
198.9

4,848.5
286.5
166.4
745.1
935.7
706.6
456.6
298.7
201.6

19.8
.7
.9
.5
1.0
1.0
.4
.3
.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,141.1
21.4
33.2
412.5
299.8

1,131.4
21.3
34.0
403.4
302.7

1,143.5
21.2
34.1
407.8
304.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,174.2
110.3
586.2
105.5

1,202.7
112.0
603.7
108.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,072.1
280.4
52.6
49.5
115.2
301.3
79.9
185.8
2,169.3
777.1
875.4

5,084.7
281.2
52.6
48.6
117.1
307.6
81.1
188.1
2,168.1
772.5
882.5

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

15.4
.1
.1
.1

15.8
.1
.1
.1

6.4
.6

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

15.9
.1
.1
.1

30.8
15.3
2.2
2.8

31.2
15.1
2.4
2.7

30.4
15.0
2.3
2.6

6.0
.5

374.5
23.5
6.3
19.5
2.1
63.2
160.5
126.0
3.9
6.4
8.4
22.2
5.0
17.2
4.9
27.8

373.2
23.1
6.3
19.2
2.0
62.8
161.9
127.4
3.9
6.3
8.3
21.8
4.9
17.0
4.7
27.9

6.1
.5

.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
.2

364.9
22.4
6.2
19.4
1.8
63.2
159.0
125.0
3.7
6.0
7.5
20.8
4.9
15.9
4.7
27.4

4.9
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

169.1
4.4
37.2
25.0
22.5

165.0
4.7
37.7
24.2
22.0

163.1
4.5
37.4
23.9
21.6

4.1
.2

12.1
1.7
3.9
1.6

12.3
1.8
4.2
1.7

12.1
1.8
4.0
1.6

20.1
.7
1.0
.5
1.1
1.0
.5
.3
.7

20.1
.8
1.0
.5
1.1
1.0
.5
.3
.7

202.0
10.9
6.8
33.9
30.1
31.2
19.7
11.7
8.5

218.0
11.7
7.5
37.2
31.3
34.3
22.0
13.5
9.7

217.2
11.7
7.5
37.3
31.2
34.2
21.9
13.6
9.7

44.5
1.1
.3
11.8
14.2

44.4
1.1
.3
10.3
14.7

43.7
1.0
.3
10.2
14.8

34.9
.7
1.1
12.2
10.0

35.5
.8
1.1
11.5
9.0

35.0
.7
1.1
11.5
8.9

1,215.1
114.6
609.6
107.9

1.4
.2
.5
.1

1.7
.2
.5
.1

1.7
.2
.5
.1

42.9
4.0
22.6
3.9

47.0
4.6
25.0
4.3

47.2
4.6
25.3
4.3

5,121.3
283.6
53.1
49.4
117.4
308.0
80.0
188.6
2,167.7
779.5
890.9

29.4
.6
()
2
()
.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.1
2
()
4.8

28.1
.6
()
2
()
.2
.3
3.1
.4
.9
(2)
4.4

28.3
.6
()
2
()
.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.0
(2)
4.4

249.8
14.5
2.4
1.9
3.9
13.9
3.0
11.8
109.7
17.9
42.5

261.9
14.8
2.4
1.5
4.3
14.6
3.1
12.6
111.4
18.1
42.9

258.1
14.4
2.4
1.5
4.1
14.5
3.0
12.2
109.2
18.1
42.6

O

.3

(1)
.2
1.0
.5
(1)
(1)
(2)
.9
(2)

O
0

O
(1)
(2)

4.3
.2

.8

.7

4.1
.2
1

()
(1)

2

.2
.2
.9
.4

(2)

1

()
(1)

O

(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)

1

2

.2
.2
.9
.4

O

()
(1)

2

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

40.9
20.4
4.1
1.6

42.5
20.9
3.9
1.7

42.6
20.8
3.9
1.7

28.9
12.7
1.4
1.2

27.8
12.7
1.2
1.0

28.9
13.2
1.3
1.1

132.9
61.1
8.8
10.9

137.0
62.5
9.2
11.6

136.7
62.4
9.3
11.3

1,215.8
47.1
38.5
78.4
8.7
167.4
451.4
369.1
24.2
15.5
30.4
137.5
15.5
54.0
25.1
65.1

1,192.6
47.3
36.7
76.4
9.2
162.1
439.1
358.7
23.2
15.0
30.8
139.2
15.3
53.5
24.9
63.3

1,193.2
47.2
36.2
77.5
9.0
161.6
441.8
361.9
23.7
15.0
30.3
136.1
15.3
53.5
24.4
62.9

414.6
16.5
4.4
21.7
1.4
49.4
245.5
219.7
4.1
6.2
3.5
14.7
4.7
18.5
4.3
20.4

370.9
14.9
4.2
19.6
1.1
40.9
216.3
194.1
3.9
5.8
3.3
14.5
3.9
17.9
3.6
17.7

379.5
15.2
4.1
20.0
1.1
43.6
219.9
197.1
4.0
6.0
3.3
14.9
4.2
18.0
3.7
18.0

1,730.9
89.4
26.5
110.7
10.6
309.4
761.3
635.9
19.5
28.4
22.3
102.1
23.4
73.5
27.4
97.6

1,738.2
93.4
26.8
114.2
10.8
311.7
755.9
630.8
19.9
29.2
22.5
104.4
24.4
73.9
27.7
96.1

1,737.8
94.1
27.2
114.8
10.6
310.2
761.1
635.6
19.9
28.5
22.4
104.2
24.2
74.2
27.5
96.8

869.2
19.2
155.1
153.2
59.4

869.4
19.3
156.2
149.4
62.9

872.1
19.3
156.1
148.3
62.9

147.7
3.8
48.8
26.6
17.7

151.6
4.0
48.6
26.7
17.3

151.8
4.0
48.5
26.5
17.3

685.3
19.8
145.7
110.8
84.1

699.8
20.0
150.6
111.2
84.5

701.0
20.0
150.5
111.9
84.9

16.9
2.2
5.2
1.7

16.4
2.3
5.3
1.3

16.6
2.2
5.4
1.6

17.1
2.7
4.8
1.6

17.2
2.7
4.9
1.6

17.4
2.7
5.0
1.7

69.3
10.0
21.6
8.8

69.9
10.5
21.9
8.9

69.9
10.5
22.1
9.1

1,110.5
65.4
45.1
145.8
202.8
103.9
105.4
63.6
51.8

1,109.4
66.0
45.5
148.5
203.5
103.4
104.2
61.6
48.9

1,112.9
66.0
45.7
149.4
204.4
104.2
104.6
61.4
49.4

214.8
13.1
5.9
39.1
41.8
30.3
17.1
13.4
7.7

217.0
13.5
6.2
41.1
41.9
31.2
17.7
13.7
7.9

217.3
13.5
6.2
41.9
41.9
31.4
17.9
13.6
7.8

1,144.7
68.6
40.2
181.8
221.8
175.4
100.6
71.0
50.6

1,182.4
71.5
41.8
191.0
228.3
182.2
103.6
74.5
52.7

1,183.8
71.9
42.0
191.5
228.1
183.0
103.9
74.7
52.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

164.9
1.6
3.6
49.2
49.7

165.1
1.6
3.7
49.7
49.7

163.7
1.5
3.8
49.2
50.2

62.2
2.2
1.3
19.5
23.3

63.1
2.1
1.4
20.1
24.6

63.0
2.1
1.3
20.2
24.4

276.4
6.2
8.4
102.3
70.6

276.2
6.0
8.5
101.2
71.2

275.4
6.0
8.3
101.1
71.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

222.4
21.1
100.5
19.1

229.5
21.2
103.0
20.4

227.4
21.3
103.1
18.8

61.5
4.4
36.0
3.0

63.8
4.5
37.3
2.9

64.7
4.5
37.5
3.0

299.3
27.7
154.5
23.3

312.4
28.5
162.7
23.6

313.2
29.0
161.5
24.1

1,060.2
78.0
11.1
9.7
35.8
52.3
13.5
59.8
367.4
93.8
124.7

1,055.5
76.8
10.9
9.4
35.6
51.3
13.9
59.3
364.4
91.2
127.6

1,050.9
76.3
10.8
9.4
35.8
51.5
12.7
58.6
363.5
91.4
127.3

254.2
14.5
4.6
5.0
3.7
18.4
5.2
7.4
100.9
44.0
47.4

233.4
13.3
4.3
4.7
3.5
18.1
4.8
7.2
93.4
38.0
44.3

253.8
14.1
4.6
4.9
3.5
19.3
5.2
7.6
103.9
42.0
48.1

1,156.9
61.1
13.8
11.7
25.7
67.4
17.5
44.9
500.8
152.5
224.7

1,157.5
61.6
14.0
11.5
27.4
68.4
18.3
46.8
503.3
153.8
229.0

1,156.0
61.6
14.2
11.6
27.1
68.0
18.1
46.2
501.2
155.4
227.8

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

78




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

27.2
15.0
1.7
1.9

27.8
15.4
1.8
2.0

27.6
15.4
1.8
1.9

129.2
66.4
6.4
15.0

135.8
67.5
6.8
15.8

134.1
67.5
7.0
15.1

141.2
47.8
15.8
22.0

136.5
46.5
15.6
22.7

145.4
48.8
17.0
22.9

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

797.5
24.3
4.3
28.0
1.4
79.1
575.6
540.6
2.0
4.6
4.9
23.0
5.3
20.2
7.2
29.0

808.9
25.7
4.5
29.5
1.4
80.8
574.0
537.9
2.1
4.7
5.2
23.4
5.5
20.6
7.7
29.9

803.2
25.3
4.4
29.3
1.4
80.0
570.4
534.8
2.1
4.6
5.1
23.0
5.4
20.4
7.6
29.6

2,285.5
105.0
23.3
117.4
9.9
298.6
1,277.1
1,127.0
17.5
22.5
28.3
120.0
25.3
75.1
28.0
119.6

2,344.4
110.2
24.2
118.6
10.2
309.5
1,293.4
1,139.5
18.1
23.5
28.0
120.0
26.7
72.7
28.4
121.9

2,342.2
107.9
24.2
120.1
10.0
305.7
1,298.1
1,146.3
18.4
23.1
28.2
122.5
25.6
76.4
28.8
121.2

1,396.5
109.8
20.9
75.4
6.3
174.4
658.8
579.7
12.5
22.3
23.7
63.6
20.5
49.5
30.3
54.8

1,401.9
110.8
18.9
72.7
6.7
172.3
675.3
594.8
13.0
22.2
22.3
62.5
20.1
49.7
29.8
56.5

1,401.2
113.6
20.4
74.7
6.9
175.1
664.6
586.0
12.7
22.4
22.8
64.5
20.3
49.5
30.6
54.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

131.6
2.7
37.2
24.4
23.4

134.6
2.7
38.1
25.0
23.3

134.1
2.6
37.8
25.1
23.3

530.9
19.7
107.5
90.2
100.4

556.5
21.7
113.4
91.0
102.2

556.4
20.7
112.6
91.8
103.2

453.8
11.7
63.9
52.5
89.8

423.8
10.9
62.5
44.7
88.0

467.6
11.8
67.5
54.7
91.4

12.3
1.6
4.4
1.1

12.2
1.6
4.5
1.1

12.2
1.5
4.5
1.1

64.5
11.3
19.4
6.8

65.9
11.8
20.3
6.9

66.5
12.0
20.2
6.9

63.9
8.6
13.6
8.5

61.2
8.5
12.1
8.3

64.8
8.8
14.1
8.7

251.8
10.7
6.3
42.7
57.6
58.9
18.2
12.4
8.4

259.0
11.1
6.4
43.9
59.7
60.8
18.8
12.8
8.4

258.1
11.0
6.4
43.8
59.6
60.5
18.7
12.7
8.3

1,109.8
63.3
37.0
180.6
242.7
164.5
109.0
74.6
46.8

1,152.6
66.7
39.0
190.3
251.8
171.9
111.8
78.5
49.1

1,159.2
66.9
39.1
191.2
254.6
173.0
114.1
79.1
49.8

678.3
44.1
18.7
87.4
113.5
118.5
72.3
42.6
23.1

648.7
37.8
17.7
84.2
114.1
116.5
69.7
36.7
21.5

679.8
44.8
18.6
89.5
114.9
119.4
75.2
43.2
23.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

58.8
1.0
1.5
24.1
17.3

58.4
1.0
1.5
23.8
17.5

57.8
1.0
1.5
23.6
17.6

253.3
5.3
6.1
97.3
77.7

255.6
5.4
6.4
92.4
79.7

258.6
5.6
6.3
93.8
80.6

246.1
3.3
10.9
96.1
37.0

233.1
3.3
11.1
94.4
36.3

246.3
3.3
11.5
98.2
36.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

74.8
5.3
49.4
5.8

76.4
5.6
50.5
6.1

75.6
5.6
50.4
6.1

267.1
25.7
145.2
20.9

274.3
27.2
149.9
21.2

276.5
27.5
151.6
21.7

204.8
21.9
77.5
29.4

197.6
20.2
74.8
30.0

208.8
21.9
79.7
29.8

293.7
12.6
1.9
1.7
5.3
18.8
4.8
7.1
163.1
71.1
52.5

300.7
12.7
2.1
1.6
5.6
20.8
4.5
7.6
163.8
70.7
53.9

298.0
12.5
2.1
1.6
5.6
20.7
4.5
7.4
162.1
70.2
53.9

1,345.6
69.4
11.3
12.0
27.3
65.0
19.9
39.4
630.1
256.4
274.9

1,383.0
73.1
11.5
12.3
28.0
69.1
20.4
40.7
639.0
258.2
279.5

1,387.8
73.3
11.5
12.6
27.8
67.6
20.4
41.0
632.3
261.8
283.1

682.3
29.7
7.5
7.5
13.3
65.2
12.9
15.0
296.2
141.4
103.9

664.6
28.3
7.4
7.6
12.5
65.0
13.0
13.5
291.9
142.5
100.9

688.4
30.8
7.5
7.8
13.3
66.1
13.0
15.2
294.5
140.6
103.7

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

(2)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Williamsport
York

151.9
301.5
51.6
177.1

153.0
303.2
51.4
177.2

155.3
302.2
51.8
179.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

460.5
132.9
324.9

455.9
132.4
325.6

459.3
133.2
328.2

1,462.1
191.9
229.6
324.0

1,505.9
198.1
234.7
323.9

1,520.1
199.0
238.5
330.9

267.5
35.4
69.4

269.6
37.3
69.3

269.4
36.9
69.8

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,080.3
196.4
164.0
263.9
438.5
483.0

2,082.2
200.4
164.6
259.2
442.8
477.2

2,099.3
201.2
165.4
259.8
447.4
482.0

6.8
.7
.4
1.7
.1
.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison

6,682.3
49.6
77.3
354.3
132.2
59.4
69.0
49.2
125.0
1,349.5
195.6
530.5
71.4
1,436.9
72.0
38.6
66.6
94.0
93.5
44.9
43.2
36.5
501.4
37.5
44.9
60.3
27.3
79.5
51.0

6,776.4
48.6
75.8
345.1
134.6
60.8
69.2
48.8
126.4
1,347.7
197.5
537.8
72.5
1,474.8
72.2
40.1
66.4
94.4
94.0
43.4
41.6
35.6
502.4
36.8
45.6
60.4
27.8
78.9
50.1

6,808.1
49.6
76.7
355.1
135.2
61.2
69.8
51.2
127.3
1,356.4
199.7
538.0
71.8
1,480.0
72.7
41.0
66.5
96.2
95.5
43.9
42.3
36.0
506.3
36.8
46.5
61.1
28.0
80.1
50.4

183.9
2.1
1.3
.7
1.7
2.0
.1
.7
4.3
18.6
.1
3.7
.5
66.8
.1
1.9
3.7
.4
1.0
10.0
5.8
.5
2.3
.1
.1
1.9
1.6
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden..

674.9
84.6
462.8

690.0
86.1
472.1

704.5
89.1
478.4

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

253.7
34.1
77.1

253.6
35.6
76.1

255.2
35.3
76.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .
South Dakota .
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....

Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

80




.5

.5

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

22.2
6.4
16.7

23.4
7.2
17.4

23.3
7.0
17.3

1.9

93.9
13.2
14.4
22.6

98.1
13.9
15.5
23.6

97.2
13.8
15.3
23.7

2.7
.3

11.2
2.1
3.0

11.9
2.2
3.2

11.6
2.1
3.1

6.4
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.7

6.3
.8
.5
1.7
.1
.7

97.3
8.6
7.1
13.5
19.0
27.1

95.2
8.8
7.7
11.9
18.9
28.6

95.5
8.9
7.7
12.3
19.0
29.1

177.3
1.9
1.3
.7
2.0
2.0
.1
.6
4.0
17.3
.1
3.8
.5
66.7
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.4
5.6
.5
2.1
.1
.1
1.9
1.3
.1
1.8

175.8
1.8
1.2
.7
1.9
1.9
.1
.6
4.0
17.1
.1
3.9
.5
66.7
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.4
5.7
.5
2.1
.1
.1
2.0
1.2
.1
1.8

329.4
2.1
3.8
14.5
8.8
7.0
1.9
1.9
8.3
53.6
9.1
22.9
4.5
89.0
3.6
1.1
3.5
3.4
4.2
1.4
2.1
1.5
23.8
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.5
3.8
2.2

318.4
1.8
4.0
13.0
9.5
7.4
2.2
1.9
9.7
51.7
8.6
23.3
4.7
91.4
3.5
1.3
3.2
3.2
4.2
1.5
1.8
1.2
22.3
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.3
2.0

317.7
1.8
3.9
13.0
9.7
7.2
2.3
1.9
9.7
51.1
8.2
22.9
4.8
90.6
3.3
1.2
3.0
3.2
4.3
1.5
1.8
1.1
22.2
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.2
2.0

8.5

28.2
2.9
19.7

28.7
3.0
19.6

29.4
2.8
19.7

19.0
2.1
4.3

20.7
1.9
4.8

20.0
1.8
4.6

()

()

1.9

1.8

(1)
(1)
(1)

O
O
(1)

0)
(11)
()

2.7
.3

2.7
.3
1

0

O

()

8.5

8.1
2.5

O

2.8

0

.6

.7
.2
()

Sept.
1989p

.5

2

2

()

1

Aug.
1989

7.6
15.6
2.3
9.8

0.6

0.6

0.7
2

O

Sept.
1988

1

()

2.8
.7
.2

1

()

8.3
16.4
2.6
10.2

8.1
16.2
2.5
10.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Sept.
1988
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

48.3
73.0
16.6
61.6

48.5
71.7
15.8
60.7

48.8
71.1
15.7
60.5

6.8
16.3
1.9
7.9

6.3
15.4
1.8
7.5

6.9
16.4
1.9
7.8

33.9
67.8
11.4
42.1

34.6
68.8
11.8
42.8

34.7
68.3
11.7
42.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro ..
Providence

114.4
50.9
71.7

111.1
48.6
70.1

112.2
49.2
70.6

15.8
3.5
12.6

14.3
3.4
11.5

14.4
3.3
11.6

104.8
33.5
70.7

105.6
33.5
72.0

105.2
33.6
72.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

384.4
21.4
29.3
102.5

382.5
21.9
30.3
102.1

381.0
21.2
30.1
101.7

62.8
11.3
10.6
12.3

66.4
11.5
10.5
12.8

66.5
11.6
10.6
12.8

331.9
45.6
49.9
74.9

354.6
46.6
51.2
77.0

351.8
46.2
51.0
77.5

31.2
3.2
8.7

30.2
3.3
8.2

29.9
3.1
8.1

14.1
2.0
5.4

13.7
2.1
5.4

14.1
2.2
5.4

70.2
10.4
18.6

72.0
11.7
18.9

71.1
11.2
18.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

509.1
47.3
53.5
54.7
56.0
90.2

512.9
48.0
55.0
51.9
55.8
89.4

512.2
47.4
54.4
52.1
55.7
89.8

110.1
9.3
6.4
10.3
41.2
24.2

111.0
9.2
6.3
10.1
41.8
23.9

110.8
9.0
6.3
10.0
42.0
23.9

490.3
45.3
37.0
66.4
117.5
116.7

493.5
45.6
36.6
66.6
120.7
116.0

493.3
45.9
36.4
67.0
120.7
116.0

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo

964.6
4.9
9.5
41.6
25.2
15.5
10.2
3.3
11.6
223.4
41.5
121.0
8.0
155.5
8.4
1.9
15.9
7.3
12.3
2.6
4.0
5.4
47.8
11.2
7.4
10.5
3.0
14.8
8.2

971.3
5.0
8.6
42.0
25.6
16.2
10.4
3.6
11.4
220.8
42.4
121.2
8.5
159.0
8.6
1.8
15.4
7.7
14.1
2.5
4.0
5.4
47.7
11.2
7.7
10.4
3.1
15.2
8.1

968.6
5.0
8.6
41.9
25.5
16.0
10.4
3.6
11.4
220.2
42.2
120.7
8.3
158.4
8.6
1.9
15.3
7.7
14.0
2.5
3.9
5.3
48.3
10.9
7.6
10.4
3.0
15.2
8.0

394.8
2.4
5.6
10.4
9.5
2.7
3.2
1.5
6.6
92.5
10.8
30.4
4.8
101.0
2.8
4.9
3.1
4.8
2.9
2.3
2.1
3.1
18.9
1.8
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.3
2.6

404.2
2.5
5.6
10.5
9.4
2.7
3.1
1.5
6.6
96.1
11.1
31.9
4.8
100.9
2.7
5.5
3.2
4.6
3.1
2.2
2.1
2.8
19.0
1.7
1.9
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.5

403.5
2.4
5.6
10.4
9.4
2.8
3.1
1.5
6.5
96.7
11.0
32.2
4.6
100.7
2.7
5.7
3.2
4.8
3.1
2.2
2.1
2.7
19.0
1.7
2.0
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.5

1,656.4
13.6
22.7
77.1
32.1
10.9
18.1
10.9
31.0
346.7
46.4
138.1
14.2
355.3
16.6
11.1
17.1
28.2
28.9
10.2
12.8
9.2
129.0
7.9
10.5
16.1
7.6
18.8
11.8

1,670.9
13.7
22.3
76.1
33.0
11.4
18.2
10.7
32.3
350.2
48.9
139.7
14.7
368.6
16.7
12.7
17.4
28.0
28.1
10.0
12.6
9.0
128.5
8.0
10.9
16.2
7.8
18.9
12.1

1,662.7
13.7
22.6
76.2
32.7
11.4
18.0
10.8
31.9
350.0
49.2
138.9
14.6
366.6
16.8
12.8
17.2
28.4
28.2
10.0
12.6
9.1
125.8
7.8
10.8
16.4
7.6
18.9
12.1

101.5
13.9
65.5

104.1
14.5
67.1

104.7
14.3
67.1

40.7
2.8
31.3

41.1
2.9
31.4

41.5
3.0
31.8

160.5
17.8
115.1

168.4
19.1
119.1

170.1
19.8
120.3

50.0
4.7
16.9

49.1
5.1
16.2

48.7
5.2
15.9

10.4
.9
3.3

9.6
.9
3.0

9.7
.9
3.0

59.5
7.4
18.6

60.6
7.8
19.0

60.1
7.7
18.9

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Williamsport
York

8.4
13.4
2.4
4.8

8.7
14.0
2.5
5.1

8.7
13.9
2.5
5.0

30.6
74.1
10.3
32.3

31.7
76.5
10.7
33.3

31.7
75.3
10.8
34.3

16.3
40.6
6.7

14.9
39.8
6.2

16.4
40.4
6.7

18.1

17.1

18.3

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

26.6
3.9
22.5

26.8
4.1
23.8

26.7
4.1
23.8

118.0
24.3
87.8

117.3
25.4
88.1

119.0
25.5
89.4

58.5
10.2
42.8

57.2
10.0
42.6

58.3
10.3
43.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .

65.4
8.5
17.8
12.0

69.2
8.8
18.5
12.1

68.2
8.7
18.3
12.1

261.3
40.9
45.5
57.7

277.8
43.2
45.9
58.0

280.2
43.5
46.3
59.8

260.6
50.9
61.8
41.7

255.4
52.1
62.4
38.0

273.3
53.9
66.5
43.0

South Dakota .
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....

14.7
1.6
6.6

15.5
1.6
7.0

15.4
1.5
7.0

66.0
8.9
19.6

67.0
9.4
19.9

66.1
9.1
19.9

57.4
7.0
7.3

56.7
6.7
6.6

58.5
7.4
7.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

104.8

106.6

12.7
5.4

12.9
5.5

9.8
25.1
34.1

9.8
26.0
34.0

106.1
12.8
5.5
9.8
25.9

434.9
38.7
30.3
57.7
108.4
121.6

446.0
40.8
30.4
59.8
110.6
119.6

446.8
41.3
30.7
59.2
110.9
119.8

327.1
33.9
24.0
49.9
71.2
68.3

310.6
34.4
22.6
47.4
68.9
65.0

328.3
35.1
23.9
47.8
73.1
68.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

440.1
2.4
4.3
24.3
5.3
2.0
3.7
1.6
6.8
129.5
8.4
26.6
4.3

441.9
2.5
4.0
23.9
5.2
1.9
3.6
1.6
7.0

1,537.2
13.3

1,605.2
12.8

1,607.6

1,175.9

13.5

8.8

1,187.2
8.4

1,230.3
8.9

16.9
84.5

17.5

17.1

86.4

86.5
30.3
8.7
15.5
9.2
28.8
342.2

13.2
101.2
20.1
11.1

101.4
3.0
1.6
2.6
5.4
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
39.6
1.7
1.9
3.4
1.5
4.9
2.4

441.9
2.5
4.0
23.8
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.6
7.0
126.8
8.5
27.3
4.1
99.9
3.2
1.6
2.7
5.6
3.8
2.2
1.6
1.8
40.3
1.7
1.9
3.3
1.5
4.8
2.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden.

33.3
2.2
27.2

33.2
2.3
27.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier....
Burlington

12.6
3.0
3.6

13.6
3.1
3.7

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

82




33.9

126.0
8.5
27.5
4.1
99.8
3.1
1.6
2.7
5.7
3.8
2.2
1.6
1.8
40.3
1.7
1.9
3.3
1.5
4.9
2.3

29.5
8.2
15.1
9.0
29.1
334.1
39.3
119.9

14.2
381.0
16.3
6.3
12.4
23.1
15.5

9.5
7.1
8.1

30.9
8.7
15.8

9.3
28.7
340.5
39.2
125.1
14.8
402.4

16.5
6.3
12.7
23.5
16.2
9.5
7.1
8.2

11.9

129.9
8.2
9.7
14.7
6.0
20.7
11.9

33.3
2.1
27.0

161.1
31.7
108.6

168.3
31.0
114.5

13.3
3.1
3.6

61.0
7.5
19.1

62.9
8.7
19.1

125.3
8.6

9.5
14.7
5.9
21.4

16.8
20.3
27.3

123.4

151.1
40.0
67.9

14.5
402.2
16.7
6.4

186.9
21.2
9.8

39.0

12.9
23.5
16.3

9.4
7.2
8.2
129.7
8.6
9.8
14.6
6.0
21.8
12.0

20.9

8.3

21.4
25.0
6.6
7.6
6.9
114.7
4.4

12.0
9.2
4.8
12.4

12.5
92.6
19.1
10.5
15.9
19.6
26.7
144.3
38.8
65.5
20.4
185.9

20.9
9.0
8.2
21.4
23.6

6.1
6.8
6.7
112.6
4.1
11.8
9.2

5.1

13.7

102.5
20.5
11.3

16.9
22.0
28.0
153.1
41.6
68.5
20.4

195.0
21.4

9.5
8.6
22.5

24.9
6.7
7.4
7.3
118.9
4.2

12.7
9.7
5.7

10.0

9.3

12.6
9.7

172.0
33.8
115.0

141.5
13.3
92.9

137.7
13.3
90.5

145.0
13.3
94.7

61.7
8.2

40.5
8.3

36.5
7.9

41.0

18.9

11.3

10.2

11.6

12.5

8.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,813.6
31.9
67.3
42.5
72.4
570.3
749.9
454.0
123.0

2,893.0
31.7
65.3
42.6
73.5
574.6
798.2
463.9
123.5

2,923.7
32.9
66.9
43.7
74.5
575.8
799.9
467.9
123.9

15.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.6
.9
.1

14.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.2
.1

14.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.2
.1

204.2
.9
4.1
2.3
3.8
39.1
62.7
31.1
8.2

218.0
1.0
4.2
2.8
3.7
40.4
71.6
33.4
8.4

216.0
1.0
4.1
2.7
3.6
40.2
71.3
33.0
8.4

Washington
Seattle

1,972.3
1,000.0

2,048.1
1,054.1

2,072.3
1,067.0

3.5
.7

3.6
.6

3.6
.7

105.1
55.9

115.8
58.5

115.8
58.0

613.8
107.9
105.4
60.5
59.9

613.6
107.9
106.8
61.5
60.0

619.8
109.1
108.0
61.1
60.2

34.4
1.9
1.4
.6
2.7

34.0
1.9
1.5
.6
2.7

34.2
1.9
1.5
.7
2.7

27.7
4.8
3.9
3.1
2.1

28.4
4.2
4.1
3.2
2.0

28.2
4.2
4.3
3.2
2.1

2,182.0
153.3
57.4
97.0
57.3
43.7
55.3
204.9
722.5
73.5
48.8

2,214.9
154.5
57.3
100.5
56.0
39.1
57.3
208.4
734.5
76.1
50.8

2,222.9
156.0
59.0
101.1
57.1
39.7
58.5
210.3
738.0
76.7
50.9

2.8

76.9
7.3
1.7
3.2
1.7
1.7
2.1
6.5
23.7
2.1
2.1

82.7
8.0
1.5
4.1
1.3
1.6
2.6
6.2
24.6
2.5
2.5

82.5
8.1
1.6
3.9
1.4
1.7
2.4
5.6
25.3
2.6
2.4

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

2.5
(1)

Sept.
1989p

2.9
(1)
(1)

9

0

Sept.
1988

(1)

(1)
0

(1)
1

( )

0

9
((1ii)

(1)

(ii

(1)
01
()

ri1

i)
(1)

9

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Wyoming

189.4

191.2

195.6

19.2

18.7

19.0

11.4

11.8

11.5

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

815.7
51.8
56.7
53.3
504.7

812.8
51.0
58.4
54.4
503.8

818.2
51.6
57.4
54.9
507.0

.8

.8

.8

42.7

41.3

41.1

40.3

42.0

Virgin Islands

0

(1)
(1)
.1
.4
<<>

(1)

(1)

0

0

0)

.1
.4

0

.1
.4

0)
0

4.1
31.0
2.4

(1)

(1)

0

0

3.6
30.5
2.0

3.5
30.6

0

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ..
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

429.4
10.6
8.6
17.2
22.8
67.9
35.0
62.7
20.3

425.5
10.1
8.7
16.6
22.9
67.3
34.0
61.0
19.5

425.6
10.9
8.6
17.0
22.9
66.5
33.8
61.3
19.4

148.3
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.6
26.9
54.2
23.9
8.4

141.7
1.1
2.3
.9
2.3
24.1
58.0
21.3
8.0

150.9
1.1
2.3
.9
2.5
26.0
60.8
24.0
8.4

638.9
8.2
13.1
9.4
16.4
141.4
163.4
109.0
33.4

666.4
8.8
13.8
10.1
17.1
142.6
171.5
114.0
34.0

666.6
8.7
13.8
10.1
17.0
140.9
170.6
113.7
33.6

Washington
Seattle

346.7
200.8

367.3
219.1

368.6
219.7

104.4
62.4

108.3
66.3

108.7
66.9

487.1
242.5

511.4
255.8

508.0
256.3

88.2
11.0
19.9
14.2
7.2

86.5
11.1
20.3
14.4
7.6

86.2
11.2
20.5
13.9
7.4

37.4
8.6
8.2
2.2
3.4

34.9
7.7
7.8
2.1
3.2

37.6
8.9
8.0
2.3
3.4

144.4
28.5
27.1
14.8
16.8

149.7
29.2
27.6
14.7
16.6

149.8
29.2
27.7
14.6
16.5

561.6
54.0
11.5
25.7
18.5
14.1
11.1
24.8
174.8
25.9
13.9

566.3
53.6
12.1
27.3
17.1
9.7
11.0
25.6
176.1
26.1
14.5

561.0
53.4
11.8
27.0
17.0
9.7
11.1
25.1
177.2
26.3
14.2

100.2
5.4
3.1
7.4
2.0
1.6
2.3
7.3
35.3
2.3
2.8

98.8
5.7
3.1
7.3
1.9
1.5
2.3
7.1
34.7
2.2
2.8

102.4
5.8
3.2
7.6
2.1
1.6
2.4
7.4
36.1
2.4
3.0

514.6
33.1
15.5
24.3
14.0
10.1
15.8
46.0
165.0
16.6
11.9

531.4
33.6
15.4
25.1
14.5
10.4
16.8
47.1
171.7
17.1
12.6

526.9
34.4
15.8
24.8
14.3
10.4
17.0
47.9
169.8
17.1
12.6

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

84




9.4

9.4

9.7

13.5

14.8

14.7

42.1

43.7

42.9

153.8
16.3
19.1
9.6
65.3

158.9
16.4
20.8
9.7
67.1

159.1
16.5
19.8
10.0
67.5

17.6

16.7
(1)

16.6
(1)
(1)

144.8
10.9
7.8
8.4
99.8

147.4
10.8
7.7
9.1
100.6

147.1
10.9
7.7
9.1
100.5

2.4

2.4

9.1

9.2

V)

01
()
O

14.1
2.5

O
(1)

13.5
2.6

0

13.5

(1)

(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

159.2
1.3
3.3
1.3
4.4
27.5
53.2
41.4

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

151.8
1.2
3.4

8.3

8.6

Washington
Seattle

111.1
70.7

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Virgin Islands
1
2
p

Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




157.4
1.3
3.3

Sept.
1988

684.3
4.6
12.6
6.1

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989p

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

41.1

96.2
29.4

727.2
4.5
13.3
6.2
14.0
145.4
265.5
98.8
30.3

14.9

127.1
143.8
92.8
14.6

116.5
74.1

116.2
73.9

453.4
234.2

474.2
250.4

480.0
252.8

361.0
132.8

351.0
129.3

371.4
138.7

24.2
6.1
3.8
2.3
2.8

24.2
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.8

24.0
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.8

133.5
26.1
22.8
13.7
15.9

139.8
26.8
24.1
14.2
16.1

139.4
26.7
23.8
14.2
16.2

124.0

116.1
20.8

120.4
20.8

17.6
9.9
9.0

18.4
9.8

115.9
7.2
1.8
3.3
1.6
1.1
1.6
18.5
50.7
2.2
3.5

121.2
7.4
1.9
3.6
1.7
1.3
1.7
19.2
52.4
2.4
3.6

120.1
7.3
1.8
3.6
1.7
1.3
1.7
18.8
52.2
2.4
3.6

487.9
30.1
12.9
22.3
12.2
8.8

498.5
30.3
13.4
23.2
12.9
8.7
16.2
46.8
196.3
17.7
8.9

322.4
15.9
10.9
10.7
7.2
6.3
7.5
56.3

310.0
15.5
9.8
10.6

328.7

16.2
8.4

501.6
30.4
13.5
22.4
12.6
8.8
16.0
46.6
197.2
17.5
9.1

80.1
8.2
6.2

6.9
56.4
77.5
8.3
5.7

58.5
80.8
8.2
6.2

7.2

7.3

7.2

34.2

38.9

36.4

52.4

46.6

54.2

35.7

121.0
O
(1)
10.0
87.5

123.7

124.9

10.3
90.1

10.2
91.6

299.3
16.0
19.6
17.7
178.1

288.1
15.6
18.9
18.3

292.7
16.0
19.1
18.7
174.3

8.8

9.2

13.2

14.6

1.3
4.0
27.4
49.5
39.2

Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

Sept.
1989P

35.8

35.8

0
0)
28.4

28.8

1.9

2.0

1.3
4.4
27.2
52.6

0
0)
V)
28.5

O

13.5
139.0
243.8

14.9
45.3
192.6

727.4
4.5
13.2
6.3
14.6
143.5
263.8

98.2
30.5

O

540.8
5.2

540.3
4.8

565.1
5.3

23.1

19.6
4.6
9.0

21.5
5.3
9.4
131.3
146.4
95.4

5.1

9.2
128.5
140.7
91.0

20.9
18.3

9.6
9.0

6.8
5.8

172.8

14.9

9.1

16.4
11.4

10.9
7.6
6.3
7.7

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988 benchmarks. Data for the
Virgin Islands for August 1989 are preliminary.

85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3

Construction
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135,89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
493.08

Annual averages

rMonthly data , not seasonally adjusted
1988:
October
November
December
1989:
Januarv
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*3
October*

34.9
34.7
34.9

$9.45
9.46
9.46

$329.81
328.26
330.15

42.6
41.9
42.8

$12.79
12.89
13.03

$544.85
540.09
557.68

39.1
37.8
37.3

$13.17
13.08
13.19

$514.95
494.42
491.99

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.8
34.5
34.8
35.1
34.9
34.8
34.9

9.54
9.55
9.56
9.62
9.59
9.58
9.63
9.61
9.77
9.83

329.13
327.57
328.86
334.78
330.86
333.38
338.01
335.39
340.00
343.07

42.2
41.7
42.0
42.8
42.0
42.6
42.5
43.2
43.9
44.6

13.20
13.22
13.15
13.19
13.13
13.03
12.95
13.11
13.17
13.14

557.04
551.27
552.30
564.53
551.46
555.08
550.38
566.35
578.16
586.04

36.5
36.2
37.4
37.9
37.7
38.0
38.9
39.0
38.6
39.2

13.26
13.21
13.26
13.30
13.28
13.24
13.33
13.33
13.47
13.51

483.99
478.20
495.92
504.07
500.66
503.12
518.54
519.87
519.94
529.59

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.60
9.94

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.76
378.71

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

. ..

.

.

..

Monthly data, not *seasonally adjusted
1988:
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*5
October"

41.3
41.5
41.7

$10.25
10.31
10.37

$9.76
9.82
9.88

$423.33
427.87
432.43

39.5
39.3
39.5

$12.42
12.46
12.42

$490.59
489.68
490.59

38.2
38.0
38.2

$10.10
10.07
10.14

$385.82
382.66
387.35

41.0
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.1
40.5
40.8
41.2
41.0

10.37
10.38
10.41
10.41
10.42
10.44
10.47
10.44
10.55
10.54

9.91
9.92
9.94
9.95
9.98
9.98
10.02
9.97
10.05
10.06

425.17
423.50
426.81
426.81
426.18
429.08
424.04
425.95
434.66
432.14

39.3
39.1
39.2
39.8
39.3
39.6
39.8
39.4
39.5
39.8

12.47
12.50
12.46
12.51
12.49
12.48
12.58
12.56
12.69
12.77

490.07
488.75
488.43
497.90
490.86
494.21
500.68
494.86
501.26
508.25

37.9
37.8
37.9
38.2
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.4

10.23
10.23
10.21
10.36
10.28
10.31
10.40
10.35
10.46
10.52

387.72
386.69
386.96
395 75
389.61
392 81
398.32
394.34
398.53
403.97

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

37.0
38.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.91

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
290.47

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

. ..

.

...

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

IMonthly data, not seasonally adjustecJ
1988:
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*3
October*5

. .

29.1
28.8
29.6

$6.39
6.43
6.43

$185.95
185.18
190.33

36.0
35.7
35.8

$9.29
9.27
9.32

$334.44
330.94
333.66

32.7
32.5
32.6

$9.09
9.11
9.16

$297.24
296.08
298.62

28.4
28.3
28.5
28.9
28.8
29.2
29.9
29.6
28.9
28.9

6.48
6.47
6.48
6.52
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.50
6.61
6.63

184.03
183.10
184.68
188.43
186.91
189.51
194.05
192.40
191.03
191.61

36.1
35.8
35.8
36.3
35.6
35.8
36.3
35.8
35.7
36.2

9.46
9.47
9.43
9.59
9.48
9.48
9.59
9.50
9.62
9.77

341.51
339.03
337.59
348.12
337.49
339.38
348.12
340.10
343.43
353.67

32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.4
32.7
33.1
32.9
32.6
32.8

9.25
9.28
9.29
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.33
9.29
9.49
9.60

301.55
300.67
301.00
306.35
301.32
302.80
308.82
305.64
309.37
314.88

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1988 forward are subject to revision.

89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

34.9

34.9

34.8

34.9
44.6

42.2

42.6

43.2

43.9

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

42.1
42.1
43.5

41.6
42.3
43.5

43.2
42.6
46.9

43.5
43.3
47.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

11,12
12

43.1
43.2

42.7
42.8

42.8
42.9

43.6
43.6

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

40.5
41.6
39.9

41.5
40.9
41.8

41.9
41.6
42.2

42.9
42.6
43.0

46.1
47.7

46.5
47.9

47.4
48.9

47.2
48.5

38.4

39.1

39.0

38.6

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

Construction .

Oct.
1989P

34.8

10
101
102

Mining .

Average overtime hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

39.2

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

37.8
36.8
38.5
38.9

38.4
37.3
38.9
39.6

38.1
37.3
39.6
39.0

37.8
37.1
38.5
38.7

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

42.5
44.3
41.5

43.9
46.0
42.8

43.4
46.2
42.1

42.8
44.4
42.1

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.5
38.7
36.8
38.7
35.2
35.0
34.9

38.0
39.1
36.6
38.8
35.9
35.4
35.7

38.0
39.0
36.7
39.2
35.7
35.5
35.8

37.7
38.8
35.9
39.4
35.3
34.9
35.1

41.3

41.3

40.8

41.2

41.0

4.2

4.1

3.8

4.1

3.9

42.0

42.0

41.3

41.7

41.5

4.3

4.3

3.8

4.1

4.0

Manufacturing.
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.3
37.4
41.5
41.8
40.3
40.4
40.3
39.3
40.6
42.8
38.9
40.2
39.8
40.5

41.0
42.2
42.0
42.3
40.7
40.4
40.0
39.2
41.4
42.9
39.2
39.9
39.6
40.4

40.4
42.0
41.2
41.5
40.0
39.9
39.2
39.1
40.4
42.5
38.6
39.1
39.1
40.1

40.4
41.6
41.4
41.7
40.1
40.0
39.4
39.5
41.1
41.9
38.8
38.2
38.0
40.2

40.6

3.8
4.1
4.2
4.5
3.3
3.6
3.1
3.4
3.4
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.2

3.9
5.5
4.4
4.6
3.4
3.5
2.8
3.0
3.7
5.4
3.5
2.9
2.8
3.3

3.7
5.7
4.4
4.7
3.3
3.2
2.2
3.0
3.6
5.1
3.2
2.2
1.9
2.9

3.8
5.7
4.4
4.7
3.2
3.3
2.5
3.1
3.8
5.1
3.6
1.9
1.5
3.1

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.1
39.5
39.7
38.5
40.5
41.1
40.8
41.4
41.4
40.0

40.1
39.7
40.0
39.0
40.0
39.4
40.7
41.3
41.1
39.9

39.8
39.2
39.8
37.9
39.7
40.8
39.7
41.1
41.7
39.9

40.1
39.3
39.7
38.1
40.0
41.1
40.2
40.5
43.1
40.7

40.1

3.3
2.9
2.9
2.2
3.1
4.6
3.4
4.6
4.5
3.2

3.1
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.7
3.3
3.0
4.3
4.0
2.8

2.9
2.5
2.7
1.8
2.7
3.9
2.4
4.0
4.5
2.8

3.1
2.6
2.7
1.8
2.9
4.2
2.8
4.0
5.2
3.4

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.8
46.5
41.7

43.0
46.2
41.3

42.8
43.7
41.8

42.6
43.9
41.6

42.8

5.5
8.8
4.6

5.6
8.4
4.6

5.5
4.8
4.9

5.4
5.4
4.7

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
See footnotes at end of table.

90




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$9.40

$9.45

$9.61

$9.77

$9.83 $327.12 $329.81 $335.39 $340.00 $343.07

12.82

12.79

13.11

13.17

13.14 541.00

544.85

566.35

578.16

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

13.32
13.64
11.75

13.38
13.63
11.60

13.64
14.42
11.77

13.72
13.91
12.03

560.77
574.24
511.13

556.61
576.55
504.60

589.25
614.29
552.01

596.82
602.30
567.82

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

16.06
16.11

15.95
16.01

16.23
16.28

16.37
16.43

692.19
695.95

681.07
685.23

694.64
698.41

713.73
716.35

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

11.84
14.53
10.22

11.84
14.60
10.26

12.30
15.37
10.62

12.30
15.49
10.59

479.52
604.45
407.78

491.36
597.14
428.87

515.37
639.39
448.16

527.67
659.87
455.37

11.07
10.51

11.10
10.58

11.34
10.84

11.41
10.87

510.33
501.33

516.15
506.78

537.52
530.08

538.55
527.20

13.16

13.17

13.33

13.47

13.51 505.34

514.95

519.87

519.94

12.56
12.00
11.75
13.22

12.71
12.12
12.21
13.41

466.07
430.19
437.36
509.20

476.16
437.16
450.85
521.53

478.54
447.60
465.30
515.58

480.44
449.65
470.09
518.97

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

Oct.
1989P

586.04

Crushed and broken stone
Construction

529.59

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

15
152
153
154

12.33
11.69
11.36
13.09

12.40
11.72
11.59
13.17

16
161
162

12.74
12.71
12.76

12.71
12.66
12.74

13.19
13.12
13.23

13.26
13.25
13.26

541.45
563.05
529.54

557.97
582.36
545.27

572.45
606.14
556.98

567.53
588.30
558.25

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

13.65
13.91
12.93
14.81
13.87
13.11
12.10

13.65
14.00
12.97
14.73
13.82
13.16
12.06

13.70
14.11
12.88
14.67
14.06
13.10
12.22

13.86
14.34
12.86
14.82
14.08
13.43
12.33

511.88
538.32
475.82
573.15
488.22
458.85
422.29

518.70
547.40
474.70
571.52
496.14
465.86
430.54

520.60
550.29
472.70
575.06
501.94
465.05
437.48

522.52
556.39
461.67
583.91
497.02
468.71
432.78

10.25

10.25

10.44

10.55

10.54 423.33

423.33

425.95

434.66

432.14

10.78

10.79

10.98

11.10

11.08 452.76

453.18

453.47

462.87

459.82

359.57
477.70
372.12
389.16
290.19
348.25
351.20
316.74
293.11
437.58
253.62
327.18
329.47
303.40

360.77
473.34
373.68
390.10
294.00
352.32
355.94
321.40
300.17
432.65
247.43
324.53
326.88
308.37

362.39
463.42
377.98
395.32
296.34
356.00
361.69
327.46
306.20
429.48
254.53
319.73
319.20
310.75

365.40

323.21
294.97
278.40
315.51
296.00
311.26
370.37
348.99
394.15
330.77

329.94
300.66
286.56
315.33
319.19
329.26
370.00
359.21
401.99
336.36

336.84
303.79
287.03
321.56
322.00
332.50
379.49
361.67
425.83
347.17

336.44

454.51
703.63
486.51

460.96
640.21
507.45

459.65
648.84
502.11

463.95

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.69
10.93
8.85
9.17
7.16
8.69
8.93
8.06
7.00
10.21
6.47
8.19
8.29
7.48

8.77
11.32
8.86
9.20
7.13
8.62
8.78
8.08
7.08
10.20
6.47
8.20
8.32
7.51

8.93
11.27
9.07
9.40
7.35
8.83
9.08
8.22
7.43
10.18
6.41
8.30
8.36
7.69

8.97
11.14
9.13
9.48
7.39
8.90
9.18
8.29
7.45
10.25
6.56
8.37
8.40
7.73

9.00 350.21

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

8.09
7.44
6.95
8.08
7.48
7.92
9.11
8.47
9.61
8.40

8.06
7.43
6.96
8.09
7.40
7.90
9.10
8.45
9.59
8.29

8.29
7.67
7.20
8.32
8.04
8.07
9.32
8.74
9.64
8.43

8.40
7.73
7.23
8.44
8.05
8.09
9.44
8.93
9.88
8.53

8.39 324.41

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

10.55
15.20
11.66

10.57
15.23
11.78

10.77
14.65
12.14

10.79
14.78
12.07

10.84 451.54

408.78
367.28
383.31
288.55
351.08
359.88
316.76
284.20
436.99
251.68
329.24
329.94
302.94

293.88
275.92
311.08
302.94
325.51
371.69
350.66
397.85
336.00

706.80
486.22

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3292
33
331
3312
3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

92




35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

5.1
4.0
4.2
3.8
4.5
3.7
6.9
7.6
6.1
7.0
5.0
4.3
3.6

5.3
3.8
4.3
3.2
4.5
3.6
7.5
7.5
6.6
7.7
4.9
4.5
5.1

6.0
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.4
7.8
7.5
6.8
8.5
4.5
3.3
4.8

5.6
3.7
3.5
3.8
4.1
3.5
7.4
8.1
6.8
7.4
4.7
3.5
5.2

42.6
42.9

5.9
6.3
6.6
5.0
6.0
6.4
4.2
5.8
5.0
4.9
6.6
6.6
8.5
6.0
4.2
4.4

5.7
6.0
6.3
4.6
6.0
6.4
4.2
5.9
4.8
4.6
6.3
6.3
7.8
6.1
4.2
4.3

5.1
5.5
5.6
5.5
4.4
4.5
3.0
4.4
4.9
4.9
6.3
6.3
7.4
5.7
3.2
3.1

5.2
5.3
5.4
4.8
4.8
5.1
3.6
4.3
5.1
5.2
6.7
6.9
8.4
6.0
3.6
3.6

41.8
44.2
44.6
41.5
41.0
41.4
41.2
40.5
42.3
41.6
43.0
40.2
42.6
40.6
40.8
42.1
40.9
43.4
42.3
42.0
43.3
41.0
40.9
40.7
41.3
41.6
40.5
41.4
41.6
40.4

41.8

4.5
6.5
6.7
3.6
3.2
3.7
3.9
2.6
4.8
4.2
5.2
3.0
4.8
3.4
4.9
5.8
4.9
6.8
5.5
4.9
6.6
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.5
3.1
4.1
4.2
4.0

4.4
6.4
6.6
3.7
3.1
3.8
3.6
2.8
4.3
4.0
4.9
2.9
4.2
3.4
4.5
5.6
4.7
6.7
5.6
5.1
6.9
4.2
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.0
2.7
4.0
3.8
3.9

3.7
6.0
5.9
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.1
2.3
3.5
3.9
4.7
2.7
4.1
3.5
4.8
4.4
3.6
5.3
3.8
4.4
3.8
3.4
3.4
2.9
4.3
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.2

4.2
6.3
6.5
3.6
3.0
3.6
3.6
2.5
4.6
4.2
5.2
2.9
4.6
3.4
5.0
4.9
4.0
5.8
4.6
4.3
5.3
3.7
3.6
3.3
4.1
3.6
3.3
3.8
3.8
3.4

42.3
42.1
42.8
41.9
41.2
42.0

42.0

4.6
5.0
6.2
4.6
3.9
4.7

4.5
5.1
8.0
4.2
3.6
4.1

4.0
3.7
5.8
3.0
3.3
3.8

4.3
3.8
6.1
3.0
3.6
4.3

41.4
42.1
43.0
42.3
41.9
40.6
43.9
46.3
42.9
43.5
42.6
43.5
42.7

40.7
42.1
42.7
41.6
42.1
40.7
44.6
45.9
43.4
44.6
42.4
43.5
43.0

42.0
41.6
41.3
41.7
41.6
40.7
44.8
44.8
44.5
44.7
42.1
42.8
41.7

41.9
41.3
41.9
41.8
42.1
40.7
44.1
46.1
44.0
43.3
42.1
42.1
43.4

44.0
44.7
45.3
42.4
43.9
44.1
42.1
43.6
43.7
43.8
44.2
44.0
45.8
43.7
42.0
42.3

43.6
43.9
44.3
41.9
43.9
44.1
42.0
43.9
43.0
42.8
43.9
43.3
45.3
43.6
42.0
42.5

42.5
43.0
43.3
41.2
41.5
41.6
40.2
41.1
42.9
42.7
43.3
44.4
42.7
42.6
40.7
40.6

42.9
43.1
43.5
41.1
42.4
42.4
42.0
42.1
43.2
43.1
43.9
44.7
43.9
43.2
41.2
41.2

42.1
45.2
45.7
41.3
41.2
41.0
41.3
40.8
41.4
41.3
42.2
39.8
43.0
40.1
41.3
43.3
42.0
44.8
43.5
43.1
45.2
41.2
40.9
40.6
41.5
41.9
41.2
41.9
42.4
40.6

42.0
44.9
45.2
41.4
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.7
40.7
41.2
42.2
40.0
42.3
40.1
40.8
43.1
41.6
44.7
43.4
43.2
45.2
41.3
41.3
41.0
41.9
41.4
41.0
42.0
42.0
40.8

41.2
44.1
44.1
40.8
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.1
40.8
41.3
42.4
39.8
42.0
40.4
41.3
41.6
40.5
42.8
41.1
42.0
41.5
40.1
40.5
39.9
41.6
40.7
39.6
40.9
41.3
40.1

42.7
44.2
43.2
44.5
41.3
41.7

42.6
44.2
44.7
44.1
41.2
41.4

41.7
41.8
43.0
41.3
40.3
41.1

Oct.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ..
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers .
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware .
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
S3465
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$12.10 $12.25 $12.77 $12.66
11.17 11.25 11.40 11.39
9.38
9.33
9.29
9.19
13.65 13.67
13.48 13.37
9.23
9.12
9.04
8.97
9.50
9.52
9.32
9.34
10.35 10.37 10.64 10.68
9.89
9.78
9.35
9.35
9.54
9.37
9.65
9.32
11.14 11.16 11.46 11.45
10.62 10.58 10.71 10.79
10.17 10.05 10.08 10.18
11.23 11.21
10.74 10.88

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$500.94
470.26
395.17
570.20
375.84
379.20
454.37
432.91
399.83
484.59
452.41
442.40
458.60

$498.58
473.63
396.68
556.19
380.58
379.32
462.50
429.17
406.66
497.74
448.59
437.18
467.84

$536.34
474.24
387.39
569.21
379.39
387.46
476.67
438.14
424.53
512.26
450.89
431.42
468.29

$530.45
470.41
390.93
571.41
388.58
386.65
470.99
455.93
424.60
495.79
454.26
428.58
486.51

Oct.
1989P

12.24
14.07
14.84
10.82
11.01
11.56
11.72
10.29
13.41
13.72
11.79
11.03
14.17
11.90
9.67
9.89

12.19
14.03
14.78
10.94
11.03
11.54
11.86
10.29
13.45
13.66
11.74
11.06
13.96
11.94
9.63
9.85

12.36
14.27
15.01
11.20
11.03
11.53
11.96
10.43
13.72
13.88
11.83
11.12
14.33
11.98
9.77
9.94

12.45 $12.50 538.56
14.36 14.50 628.93
672.25
15.14
458.77
11.19
483.34
11.18
509.80
11.74
493.41
12.29
448.64
10.46
586.02
13.85
600.94
13.97
521.12
11.94
485.32
11.22
648.99
14.51
520.03
12.09
406.14
9.88
418.35
10.16

531.48
615.92
654.75
458.39
484.22
508.91
498.12
451.73
578.35
584.65
515.39
478.90
632.39
520.58
404.46
418.63

525.30
613.61
649.93
461.44
457.75
479.65
480.79
428.67
588.59
592.68
512.24
493.73
611.89
510.35
397.64
403.56

534.11
618.92
658.59
459.91
474.03
497.78
516.18
440.37
598.32
602.11
524.17
501.53
636.99
522.29
407.06
418.59

$532.50
622.05

10.34
13.61
14.46
10.18
9.35
10.55
9.40
9.02
9.22
9.69
10.36
8.12
10.32
9.90
9.16
10.11
9.44
10.82
12.36
12.91
14.08
9.51
8.29
8.25
8.36
11.44
11.00
9.56
10.40
8.63

10.34
13.51
14.41
10.27
9.36
10.67
9.42
8.97
9.36
9.71
10.38
8.06
10.35
9.97
9.23
10.13
9.51
10.78
12.38
12.79
14.16
9.49
8.24
8.25
8.23
11.35
11.04
9.55
10.31
8.56

10.50
13.86
14.78
10.41
9.59
10.78
9.39
9.06
9.34
9.95
10.46
8.29
10.70
10.37
9.29
10.30
9.74
10.87
12.39
13.20
13.96
9.94
8.54
8.48
8.66
11.78
11.60
9.81
10.68
8.43

10.64
13.88
14.76
10.60
9.68
11.04
9.62
9.16
9.57
9.97
10.45
8.37
10.76
10.32
9.30
10.41
9.83
11.01
12.78
13.35
14.54
9.95
8.56
8.54
8.60
11.78
11.63
9.89
10.72
8.51

10.59 435.31
615.17
660.82
420.43
385.22
432.55
388.22
368.02
381.71
400.20

432.60
611.23
651.80
424.73
387.44
437.67
380.30
363.31
381.07
410.94
443.50
329.94
449.40
418.95
383.68
428.48
394.47
465.24
509.23
554.40
579.34
398.59
345.87
338.35
360.26
479.45
459.36
401.23
441.08
338.04

444.75
613.50
658.30
439.90
396.88
457.06
396.34
370.98
404.81
414.75
449.35
336.47
458.38
418.99
379.44
438.26
402.05
477.83
540.59
560.70
629.58
407.95
350.10
347.58
355.18
490.05
471.02
409.45
445.95
343.80

442.66

323.18
443.76
396.99
378.31
437.76
396.48
484.74
537.66
556.42
636.42
391.81
339.06
334.95
346.94
479.34
453.20
400.56
440.96
350.38

434.28
606.60
651.33
425.18
384.70
439.60
385.28
365.08
380.95
400.05
438.04
322.40
437.81
399.80
376.58
436.60
395.62
481.87
537.29
552.53
640.03
391.94
340.31
338.25
344.84
469.89
452.64
401.10
433.02
349.25

11.09
13.71
14.02
13.62
10.36
11.03

11.11
13.82
14.15
13.71
10.39
11.15

11.32
14.03
14.43
13.88
10.61
11.23

11.41
14.06
14.51
13.89
10.69
11.45

11.44 473.54
605.98
605.66
606.09
427.87
459.95

473.29
610.84
632.51
604.61
428.07
461.61

472.04
586.45
620.49
573.24
427.58
461.55

482.64
591.93
621.03
581.99
440.43
480.90

480.48

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.

94




1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

43.3
44.5
42.6
41.5
43.4
41.9
43.9
43.5
45.3
44.7
42.0
43.2
42.5
42.5
42.7
39.4
43.3
43.9
44.3
42.8
41.9
43.3
42.1
41.9
41.9
41.8
42.2
42.2
42.2
42.2

43.0
43.8
42.1
42.8
42.6
41.7
43.6
43.3
45.1
44.3
41.8
43.3
42.5
42.8
42.7
39.6
43.0
43.3
44.4
42.4
41.5
43.2
41.5
41.7
41.8
41.6
42.1
42.0
42.5
42.0

42.3
42.5
41.1
41.9
43.2
41.3
42.6
43.0
43.3
43.4
40.5
42.4
41.9
42.7
42.1
38.6
41.6
41.6
42.6
42.3
40.6
41.2
41.1
41.5
41.6
41.6
42.2
41.3
42.3
41.2

42.7
42.9
42.3
42.9
42.7
40.9
43.2
43.6
43.7
43.9
41.6
42.9
42.4
42.6
42.7
39.0
42.2
41.4
43.8
44.3
40.6
41.5
42.2
41.9
42.0
41.7
42.4
41.9
42.4
41.9

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

41.0
42.4
42.5
42.3
42.0
41.9
40.9
40.5
41.1
40.6
41.7
40.1
40.6
39.3
41.1
39.2
41.9
41.7
40.7
41.4
40.4
40.3
42.1
39.9
40.7
43.0
43.5
43.6

41.0
42.5
42.3
42.7
42.0
41.9
40.9
40.7
40.9
40.2
41.8
39.9
40.3
38.8
41.2
39.3
42.1
41.3
40.2
40.9
40.0
40.4
42.4
39.9
40.7
43.5
44.8
43.5

40.7
41.3
41.6
41.0
41.1
41.1
40.4
39.5
38.5
40.6
40.9
40.0
40.3
39.3
41.6
38.3
39.6
38.9
41.5
44.4
40.4
40.4
41.5
39.7
40.9
42.2
42.9
42.8

41.1
41.5
41.9
41.1
42.0
42.3
41.1
39.4
36.1
38.9
42.4
40.3
40.7
39.8
41.1
38.6
41.1
40.3
41.6
44.4
40.6
40.8
41.5
40.2
41.6
42.7
43.1
43.6

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989P

41.1

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

4.1
3.9
4.5
4.2
5.0
3.6
5.7
5.1
7.1
6.4
4.5
4.4
5.4
4.5
4.0
5.6
5.2
4.7
6.3
4.8
4.3
5.8
5.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
4.7
4.9
4.7

4.0
3.9
4.1
4.6
4.6
3.2
5.5
4.9
6.9
6.3
4.4
4.0
4.9
4.3
4.1
5.1
4.9
4.3
6.5
4.4
3.6
5.1
4.9
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.5
4.8
4.8
4.9

4.2
4.5
3.8
4.0
5.1
3.5
4.9
4.9
5.2
5.6
3.9
3.6
4.6
4.9
3.7
4.3
4.1
3.9
5.4
4.4
3.4
4.8
4.3
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.5
4.0
3.5
4.1

4.4
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.9
3.4
5.3
5.4
5.9
6.0
4.2
3.7
5.0
4.9
4.2
4.6
4.4
3.8
5.9
5.4
2.9
4.4
4.9
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.4
4.3
3.7
4.3

3.5
4.1
3.9
4.2
3.9
4.2
2.8
3.6
4.4
2.7
4.2
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.6
2.7
4.2
3.8
2.7
2.8
2.6
3.5
4.5
3.7
3.5
4.5
4.0
5.6

3.5
4.0
3.8
4.2
3.9
4.2
2.6
3.9
5.2
2.1
4.3
3.1
2.7
2.5
3.8
2.5
4.6
3.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.3
4.3
3.5
3.3
4.8
5.1
5.4

3.1
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
2.3
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.5
2.8
2.6
2.8
3.2
2.4
3.3
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.5
3.4
3.3
3.9
3.5
3.6
4.4
4.1

3.4
3.2
3.1
3.3
4.0
4.5
3.0
2.4
1.5
1.3
4.5
2.9
3.0
2.7
3.3
2.3
4.0
3.2
2.8
3.4
2.5
3.8
3.3
4.6
3.8
4.1
4.6
4.6

Oct.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$11.07 $11.06 $11.31 $11.48
12.87
12.57
12.35
12.34
11.56
11.38
11.31
11.44
11.07
11.20
10.64
10.46
10.32
10.35
10.14
10.03
10.16
10.01
10.22
9.84
11.87
11.75
11.51
11.53
11.65
11.78
11.42
11.38
12.17
11.99
11.94
12.05
12.72
12.57
12.38
12.35
10.64
10.53
10.28
10.26
9.41
9.42
9.07
9.06
11.67
11.55
11.31
11.28
11.73
11.69
11.11
11.15
9.77
9.71
9.33
9.31
12.72
12.59
12.37
12.50
11.07
10.97
10.64
10.67
11.57
11.55
11.27
11.28
11.63
11.43
11.01
11.13
10.81
10.91
10.62
10.55
9.90
9.70
9.58
9.52
11.25
11.02
10.67
10.79
10.44
10.41
10.64
10.59
11.16
11.12
10.87
10.82
11.14
11.11
10.76
10.81
10.74
10.66
10.70
10.65
10.73
10.83
10.82
10.91
11.04
10.96
10.74
10.73
13.08
13.28
12.90
12.94
10.77
10.70
10.44
10.43
10.19
9.47
9.34
9.61
10.08
10.05
10.00
10.04
11.84
11.98
7.48
9.61
10.87
9.41
9.32
7.02
9.58
10.02
12.21
11.76
12.39
9.26
11.39
11.19
8.26
10.81
11.35
11.47

10.16
9.42
9.26
9.59
10.08
10.12
9.80
10.07
11.92
11.91
7.47
9.60
10.82
9.45
9.31
6.85
9.57
10.07
12.12
11.56
12.34
9.25
11.36
11.18
8.27
10.75
11.55
11.25

10.40
9.56
9.30
9.82
10.09
10.02
9.98
10.16
11.85
11.99
7.46
9.76
11.18
9.77
9.37
7.27
9.56
9.96
12.45
11.55
12.84
9.68
12.20
11.81
8.60
11.03
11.80
11.59

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

_

-

_
_

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$479.33
549.13
487.34
434.09
440.08
419.42
505.29
495.03
545.87
552.05
431.76
391.82
480.68
472.18
397.54
492.50
460.71
494.75
487.74
451.54
401.40
467.21
447.94
453.36
450.84
445.17
457.03
452.81
546.07
440.15

$475.58
540.93
476.15
455.39
427.28
410.33
502.71
494.49
538.49
548.43
428.87
392.30
479.40
477.22
398.39
489.85
458.81
488.42
494.17
450.29
395.08
460.94
439.49
453.28
451.86
445.12
459.31
451.08
548.25
438.48

$478.41
534.23
467.72
463.83
447.12
419.61
500.55
500.95
519.17
545.54
426.47
398.98
483.95
499.16
408.79
485.97
456.35
480.48
486.92
461.49
393.82
454.02
427.85
463.14
463.42
443.46
452.81
452.65
553.28
440.84

$490.20
552.12
488.99
480.48
440.66
418.00
512.78
513.61
531.83
558.41
442.62
404.12
494.81
499.70
417.18
496.08
467.15
479.00
509.39
478.88
401.94
466.88
440.57
465.93
466.62
447.86
458.77
462.58
563.07
451.26

416.56
400.35
391.70
409.49
423.36
424.03
400.82
409.85
487.53
478.78
312.25
383.04
436.05
366.66
383.57
269.21
402.90
415.89
487.22
472.80
493.60
373.70
481.66
446.08
336.59
467.63
517.44
489.38

423.28
394.83
386.88
402.62
414.70
411.82
403.19
401.32
456.23
486.79
305.11
390.40
450.55
383.96
389.79
278.44
378.58
387.44
516.68
512.82
518.74
391.07
506.30
468.86
351.74
465.47
506.22
496.05

430.73
400.48
391.77
408.53
432.18
433.58
419.63
393.61
422.37
462.52
316.30
397.76
457.06
388.45
386.75
282.55
390.86
400.58
526.66
527.92
527.39
398.62
506.72
483.20
358.59
472.26
520.65
501.84

10.48 $10.47 417.79
9.65
401.53
_
9.35
396.95
9.94
406.50
_
10.29
423.36
_
421.10
10.25
10.21
409.00
_
406.62
9.99
_
486.62
11.70
_
486.39
11.89
_
311.92
7.46
9.87
385.36
_
11.23
441.32
9.76
369.81
_
9.41
383.05
_
275.18
7.32
_
9.51
401.40
417.83
9.94
496.95
12.66
11.89
486.86
500.56
12.99
_
373.18
9.77
12.21
479.52
_
12.02
446.48
336.18
8.62
_
464.83
11.06
493.73
12.08
11.51
500.09
-

Oct.
1989P

$430.32
_

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371

3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments .
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

96




3841
3842
385
386
387

3949

395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013

2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly hours

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989 P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

43.0
44.1
44.7
42.5
44.0
40.7
42.5
42.3
42.4
42.8
39.8
40.1
39.5
42.4
43.5
43.6
40.4
38.3

43.1
44.0
44.3
42.4
44.2
40.5
42.5
42.3
42.2
43.2
40.7
41.6
39.6
43.1
43.5
43.6
40.1
38.5

41.8
41.6
40.8
43.0
42.4
39.4
42.8
42.9
42.2
43.1
40.5
41.4
39.0
43.1
43.0
42.8
38.9
37.8

42.8
43.4
43.7
42.7
43.6
40.5
42.7
42.6
42.9
42.9
40.5
41.3
39.2
44.6
43.0
43.1
40.1
39.0

41.6
43.4

5.0
5.6
5.8
4.5
5.7
3.2
4.8
4.7
4.5
5.2
3.3
3.6
2.9
4.4
4.7
4.7
2.8
2.0

5.1
5.7
5.8
4.3
6.0
2.8
5.1
4.8
5.2
5.5
3.0
3.4
2.5
4.7
4.7
4.7
2.6
1.8

4.3
4.1
3.9
4.6
4.5
2.2
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
3.0
3.3
2.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
2.3
1.7

4.8
4.9
5.0
4.4
5.1
2.7
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
3.2
3.4
2.8
5.0
4.6
4.8
2.7
2.0

41.6
42.1
41.7
40.1
43.4
41.0
44.2
40.8
40.6
40.8
39.9
43.2
41.6

41.7
42.0
41.2
39.6
43.2
40.5
44.3
40.9
40.4
41.2
39.6
45.0
42.7

40.8
41.9
40.4
39.4
41.7
40.3
42.7
40.4
40.6
39.9
39.4
42.5
39.2

41.0
42.5
40.4
39.9
41.9
39.9
43.4
40.8
41.1
40.2
39.3
42.5
38.6

41.1

3.2
3.2
3.0
2.4
4.0
2.6
3.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.2
4.1
3.7

3.2
3.2
2.9
2.2
4.1
2.4
3.7
2.8
2.4
3.1
3.0
4.8
4.0

2.7
2.8
2.4
2.1
3.2
2.2
2.7
3.0
3.4
2.4
3.0
3.0
1.3

2.8
2.4
2.6
2.2
3.6
2.1
2.6
3.0
3.4
2.5
2.4
3.2
1.9

39.3
38.5
37.3
40.3
39.1
38.9
39.2
39.3
38.2
35.8
40.1
40.2

39.6
39.5
38.8
39.7
39.2
38.9
39.4
39.9
38.5
36.2
40.3
40.9

39.2
37.7
37.2
39.0
39.1
38.5
39.6
40.2
39.2
38.3
39.6
39.8

39.1
38.2
37.9
38.5
39.1
38.7
39.4
40.9
37.7
36.0
39.7
40.2

39.4

2.7
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.1
3.2
3.4

2.9
3.7
3.5
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.3
3.4
3.8

2.6
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.6
1.8
3.3
2.2
3.3
3.8
2.7
3.0

2.8
2.3
2.3
1.9
2.6
1.9
3.0
2.9
3.6
4.1
2.9
3.3

40.5
40.8
41.4
43.1
41.8
39.8
41.4
40.1
42.8
39.7
43.4
38.6
39.3
45.7
49.0
43.8
40.5
39.4
43.4

40.3
40.7
40.9
42.6
40.6
39.5
40.7
39.4
42.1
40.4
43.7
39.2
40.0
45.0
47.5
43.7
40.3
39.3
42.7

40.3
41.2
41.0
41.6
41.6
40.3
40.5
38.8
41.4
41.6
44.6
42.7
39.3
44.5
47.4
43.1
39.6
39.0
41.3

40.6
41.6
41.7
43.2
41.5
40.8
41.3
39.5
42.4
41.7
44.4
41.7
41.7
45.4
49.2
42.9
40.0
39.5
41.4

40.3
41.1

4.1
5.0
5.0
6.4
5.4
3.6
4.7
4.3
5.4
5.3
7.7
5.8
5.1
7.6
8.7
6.8
4.6
4.5
4.7

3.9
4.6
4.8
6.2
4.4
3.6
4.0
3.5
4.7
4.8
5.8
5.0
4.8
6.9
8.0
6.9
4.2
4.2
4.2

3.8
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.2
3.8
4.3
3.4
4.8
6.1
7.4
6.9
5.9
6.3
8.1
6.3
4.3
4.4
4.2

4.1
5.4
5.4
6.9
5.5
4.1
4.7
3.8
5.4
6.5
8.8
7.5
6.3
7.1
9.0
6.3
4.3
4.4
4.1

Oct.
1989 P

3.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
38

381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

3841
3842
385
386
387
39

391
3911
393
394
3942,4

3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989 P

Sept.
1988

$13.44 $13.45 $13.70 $13.89 $13.86 $577.92
14.10 14.09 14.18 14.48 14.48 621.81
16.14 16.08 16.46 16.76
721.46
12.11 11.84 11.97 12.14
514.68
13.20 13.24 13.12 13.38
580.80
9.19
374.03
9.40
9.47
9.20
13.77 13.79 14.28 14.38
585.23
2
2
2
()
()
()
O
$593.18
$13.99 $13.91 $14.58 $14.62
541.42
12.65 12.66 12.98 13.00
410.74
10.32 10.29 10.69 10.63
465.16
11.60 11.55 11.65 11.51
337.73
9.02
9.06
8.47
8.55
518.98
12.24 12.32 12.77 12.91
572.90
13.99
13.17 13.33 13.83
(2)
(2)
0
(2)
$409.25
$10.13 $10.25 $10.49 $10.54
332.06
9.33
9.25
8.73
8.67
9.99
11.29
9.71
9.24
9.44

10.29

9.80
9.31
7.85

9.80 384.75
9.28 371.69
316.71
369.37
377.45
253.92
413.59
373.73
445.98
327.13
445.72
321.15
288.86
511.84
539.49
381.50
419.99
405.03
458.30

382.45
367.52
310.84
361.25
362.96
252.41
404.56
361.69
434.47
328.05
453.17
310.86
298.00
502.20
518.70
382.38
413.08
400.47
443.23

391.31
382.34
318.16
360.67
381.89
265.58
409.86
367.44
436.36
356.10
464.73
371.49
293.96
500.63
532.30
381.87
417.78
409.89
440.67

397.88
387.30
327.35
381.46
388.86
268.46
426.22
381.57
454.10
350.70
467.53
352.78
313.17
514.38
540.22
384.38
421.20
412.78
444.64

394.94
381.41

6.58

9.47
10.54

10.37

10.42

9.66
10.71
8.41
10.53

7.93
7.45

8.70
7.48

8.46
7.51

11.16

10.25

11.25
11.23
8.86
10.55

11.33
10.98
8.96
10.53

10.19

10.51

10.38

10.67

10.45
10.74

10.42
8.24
10.27
8.32
7.35
11.20

11.01
8.71
10.37
10.28
10.56

10.92
8.75

8.56

$411.03 $408.06 $422.65
336.11 352.67 360.75

331.75

10.32

6.39

550.39
594.69

328.05
345.33
343.37
323.79
297.16
280.58
309.68
338.65
269.93
238.32
364.45
390.74

10.12

8.94

351.78

557.70
430.52
475.36
355.15
575.79
601.57

321.44
337.42
334.43
319.02
294.42
278.74
306.50
324.01
270.87
243.97
355.21
376.11

9.94
9.18
10.32
8.12

8.48

530.99
579.86

559.44
432.95
482.31

320.76
347.21
345.32
317.20
284.98
272.30
294.32
318.80
264.88
239.28
357.06
381.60

9.71
9.28
7.76
8.67
9.18
6.59

9.03
6.38
9.99
9.32

546.91
418.80
480.48
335.41

329.56
321.53
324.82
282.30
270.74
290.86
312.04
261.67
233.06
352.88
369.84

9.49
9.03
7.60

2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

$587.00 $615.28 $627.20

8.42 314.79

9.50
9.11
7.65
8.57

614.03

8.39
9.04
9.06
8.41
7.60
7.25
7.86
8.28
7.16
6.62
9.18
9.72

8.20
8.95
8.99
8.18
7.53
7.24
7.74
8.06
6.91
6.37
8.97
9.45

20
201
2011

611.18

518.38
583.37
383.54

425.39

8.10
8.79
8.90
7.99
7.27
7.00
7.47
7.99
6.88
6.61
8.86
9.33

7.60

$594.49 $576.58
628.43 628.43
732.41

422.71
490.45
408.44
370.27
411.46
416.96
487.38
379.85
386.75
369.84
305.75
581.40
286.80

8.01
8.56
8.62
8.06
7.22
6.96
7.42
7.94
6.85
6.51
8.80
9.20

8.71

$572.66
589.89
671.57
514.71
556.29
370.36

Oct.
1989P

419.83
481.01
406.02
366.42
405.32
416.70
487.63
377.74
387.73
363.89
306.93
574.60
287.34

13.46
7.34

9.00
9.24

9.30
9.72
10.34
11.42

$579.70
619.96
712.34
502.02
585.21
372.60
586.08

Sept.
1989P

420.34
475.86
400.88
365.51
409.54
398.12
487.74
370.15
377.34
359.68
306.90
614.25
317.69

9.35
9.55
9.12
7.79
13.52
7.33

9.81
11.04

10.05

Aug.
1989

10.35 415.58
475.31
404.91
370.52
409.70
402.21
487.97
367.20
375.14
355.37
303.24
581.47
305.34

10.31
11.54
10.11
9.28
9.82

10.08
11.33
9.73
9.23
9.48
9.83
11.01
9.05
9.34
8.73
7.75
13.65
7.44

11.48

Oct.
1988

10.45
11.23
9.31
9.41

9.20
7.78
13.68
7.43

8.83
9.37

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

4.4
6.0
3.9
5.9
4.0
5.6
2.8
4.0

4.4
7.0
3.6
5.7
3.3
5.3
2.0
3.7

4.4
5.9
3.9
6.0
4.2
6.3
3.6
4.8

4.9
7.0
4.1
6.6
4.3
5.8
3.2
4.2

2.6
2.7

2.6
2.5

.6

3.0
3.0

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

209

40.9
41.0
40.3
43.0
40.3
42.6
38.8
37.7

41.3
42.2
40.6
43.7
40.1
42.4
38.3
38.0

41.6
43.8
40.5
43.6
41.6
43.0
41.1
39.7

41.9
43.5
40.9
45.0
41.8
43.0
40.8
39.4

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes

21
211

41.2
41.3

41.3
40.9

37.3
37.7

40.1
39.2

40.9

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225

41.4
41.4
42.4
42.7
42.5
39.8
38.1
38.8
40.1
39.7
40.8
42.6
43.5
42.9
44.0
40.6
41.1
38.1
42.5

41.2
41.5
42.1
42.6
41.9
39.8
38.9
39.0
39.3
39.5
41.1
42.3
43.6
42.0
43.2
40.4
40.9
37.8
42.4

41.3
42.3
41.3
40.5
41.4
40.3
38.3
40.3
39.8
40.3
42.4
41.8
42.7
40.9
43.2
40.8
41.4
37.0
42.2

41.1
41.8
41.2
40.7
41.1
39.9
38.7
39.7
39.5
39.3
41.6
42.3
43.8
41.8
41.9
40.8
41.4
37.2
42.5

40.8

4.3
4.6
4.7
3.5
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.6
4.4
2.2
4.6
5.2
5.2
5.5
5.0
4.1
4.3
2.9
4.8

4.2
4.4
4.7
3.6
4.3
3.6
3.0
2.7
4.0
2.0
5.1
4.8
5.3
4.5
4.7
4.0
4.3
2.4
4.3

4.2
5.0
4.2
2.9
3.7
3.8
2.4
3.9
4.1
2.4
5.1
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.2
4.5
2.3
4.2

4.2
4.8
4.2
3.4
3.4
3.7
2.8
3.4
4.2
1.8
4.8
5.2
5.8
5.0
4.5
4.1
4.4
2.5
4.7

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

37.1
36.9
36.6
37.2
36.4
34.9
35.5
35.9
35.1
36.2
35.4
37.8
38.5
34.4
37.1
36.8
38.8
39.7
37.5
40.2
43.1

37.1
36.5
36.6
37.2
36.2
35.3
35.4
36.4
35.2
35.9
35.2
38.5
39.1
35.6
36.8
36.5
39.1
39.7
36.2
40.6
43.0

37.1
34.9
37.5
38.3
35.7
36.7
35.3
35.1
34.6
36.9
35.3
37.5
38.1
34.3
37.0
36.2
38.0
39.5
37.1
40.2
40.5

37.0
36.0
37.3
37.7
35.0
37.0
34.8
34.6
34.2
35.4
34.9
37.9
38.5
35.1
37.5
37.4
38.1
39.6
36.5
40.5
40.4

37.1

1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.6
2.2
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.5
3.4
1.5
3.7
6.1

1.9
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.6
2.1
1.5
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.3
2.9
3.4
1.4
3.6
6.4

1.9
1.1
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.1
1.6
2.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
.8
1.9
1.4
2.1
2.9
2.3
3.3
3.7

2.0
1.1
1.7
1.7
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.2
1.6
2.2
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.6
2.4
3.4
2.3
3.5
4.0

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265

43.7
45.8
45.9
44.4
42.1
43.7
41.3
42.3
43.4
42.9
44.2
43.0

43.3
45.2
45.3
44.5
41.7
43.1
40.9
41.7
43.1
42.9
43.9
41.6

43.2
44.6
45.0
44.8
41.8
43.4
41.2
41.4
42.9
42.6
43.7
42.5

43.7
45.3
45.8
45.7
42.3
43.3
41.6
42.3
43.4
42.6
44.4
42.7

43.4

5.6
6.7
6.8
7.4
4.7
4.8
3.8
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.8
4.6

5.3
6.3
6.3
7.3
4.3
4.3
3.5
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.4
3.6

5.0
6.0
6.2
7.2
4.0
3.7
3.3
4.3
4.8
4.5
5.2
4.6

5.7
6.8
7.1
8.0
4.6
4.5
3.4
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.8
4.8

See footnotes at end of table.

98




206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228

2281
2282

229

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391

2392
2396

2651
2653
2654

Oct.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$389.37
464.53
336.91
408.07
496.90
731.87
377.14
325.73

$384.50
442.26
334.54
406.41
494.43
721.22
373.81
323.00

$414.75
515.09
359.24
438.62
533.73
773.57
422.51
348.17

$412.72
501.56
355.42
456.75
542.15
780.88
417.79
352.24

578.61
721.07

586.36
701.22

591.88 $627.00
743.62

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.52
11.33
8.36
9.49
12.33
17.18
9.72
8.64

$9.31
10.48
8.24
9.30
12.33
17.01
9.76
8.50

$9.97
11.76
8.87
10.06
12.83
17.99
10.28
8.77

$9.85
11.53
8.69
10.15
12.97
18.16
10.24
8.94

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

14.09
17.40

14.01
17.63

15.72
18.60

14.76 $15.33 580.51
18.97
718.62

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.21
6.84
5.66
5.54
5.46
5.68
5.96
5.18
6.37
6.64
5.83
5.71
5.58
6.46
5.58
5.57
6.03
7.52
6.04
6.35
11.57

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.72
14.49
14.50
14.53
10.10
11.40
9.66
9.41
10.08
10.42
10.27
9.81

Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

Oct.
1989P

7.69
8.04
8.33
8.43
7.15
6.98
6.76
6.74
6.71
6.94
7.75
8.06
8.04
8.47
7.94
7.41
7.42
7.48
8.64

7.76
8.05
8.38
8.37
7.14
7.06
6.88
6.79
6.82
7.00
7.79
8.20
8.14
8.56
8.00
7.47
7.47
7.60
8.74

7.77 307.60
320.02
340.05
342.88
291.55
266.26
252.98
251.42
255.44
258.45
304.78
334.84
341.48
349.21
341.88
289.88
292.63
279.65
359.55

306.94
320.38
338.06
339.95
288.27
266.66
257.91
251.94
248.77
258.33
311.54
334.17
344.00
343.14
341.28
288.86
291.62
275.94
359.13

317.60
340.09
344.03
341.42
296.01
281.29
258.91
271.62
267.06
279.68
328.60
336.91
343.31
346.42
343.01
302.33
307.19
276.76
364.61

318.94
336.49
345.26
340.66
293.45
281.69
266.26
269.56
269.39
275.10
324.06
346.86
356.53
357.81
335.20
304.78
309.26
282.72
371.45

317.02

6.22
6.94
5.62
5.53
5.47
5.59
5.99
5.16
6.43
6.63
5.88
5.78
5.65
6.53
5.49
5.56
6.13
7.51
6.11
6.32
11.55

6.32
7.07
5.81
5.69
5.57
5.74
6.10
5.30
6.54
6.56
5.99
5.90
5.80
6.47
5.68
5.63
6.20
7.49
6.35
6.49
11.31

6.41
7.15
5.86
5.75
5.63
5.78
6.14
5.37
6.54
6.59
6.06
6.02
5.87
6.88
5.72
5.69
6.25
7.68
6.52
6.49
11.96

6.40 230.39
252.40
207.16
206.09
198.74
198.23
211.58
185.96
223.59
240.37
206.38
215.84
214.83
222.22
207.02
204.98
233.96
298.54
226.50
255.27
498.67

230.76
253.31
205.69
205.72
198.01
197.33
212.05
187.82
226.34
238.02
206.98
222.53
220.92
232.47
202.03
202.94
239.68
298.15
221.18
256.59
496.65

234.47
246.74
217.88
217.93
198.85
210.66
215.33
186.03
226.28
242.06
211.45
221.25
220.98
221.92
210.16
203.81
235.60
295.86
235.59
260.90
458.06

237.17
257.40
218.58
216.78
197.05
213.86
213.67
185.80
223.67
233.29
211.49
228.16
226.00
241.49
214.50
212.81
238.13
304.13
237.98
262.85
483.18

237.44

11.68
14.42
14.41
14.60
10.09
11.38
9.64
9.41
10.02
10.44
10.22
9.74

11.90
14.64
14.66
14.76
10.39
11.53
9.81
9.71
10.14
10.54
10.32
9.91

11.99
14.80
14.83
15.01
10.42
11.62
9.81
9.68
10.20
10.62
10.36
10.08

11.93 512.16
663.64
665.55
645.13
425.21
498.18
398.96
398.04
437.47
447.02
453.93
421.83

505.74
651.78
652.77
649.70
420.75
490.48
394.28
392.40
431.86
447.88
448.66
405.18

514.08
652.94
659.70
661.25
434.30
500.40
404.17
401.99
435.01
449.00
450.98
421.18

523.96
670.44
679.21
685.96
440.77
503.15
408.10
409.46
442.68
452.41
459.98
430.42

517.76

7.45
7.43
7.72
7.73
8.03
8.02
7.98
8.03
6.88
6.86
6.70
6.69
6.63
6.64
6.46
6.48
6.33
6.37
6.54
6.51
7.58
7.47
7.90
7.86
7.89
7.85
8.17
8.14
7.77 . 7.90
7.15
7.14
7.13
7.12
7.30
7.34
8.47
8.46

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average weekly hours

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

38.5
33.6
39.3
39.0
37.8
40.7
36.3
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.8
39.8
38.9

38.1
33.5
38.5
38.2
37.2
39.7
36.7
39.6
39.4
39.6
41.2
39.5
39.0

37.8
33.2
37.9
39.2
38.4
40.4
36.1
39.3
39.1
39.3
40.9
37.4
39.4

38.3
33.5
37.9
38.9
37.9
40.4
35.9
40.0
39.8
39.9
41.5
38.0
39.8

37.7

3.6
1.6
4.3
3.8
2.4
5.9
2.6
4.3
3.8
4.4
3.8
4.0
5.1

3.4
1.5
3.6
3.6
2.7
5.0
2.5
3.9
3.3
4.2
3.8
3.8
4.4

3.0
1.3
2.9
3.0
2.2
4.3
1.7
3.6
3.1
3.8
3.8
2.8
4.4

3.5
1.5
3.6
3.5
2.3
5.3
2.0
4.2
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.2
4.8

42.3
42.8
43.0
43.7
43.9
43.6
40.9
40.5
40.4
44.2
40.7
38.4
41.8
44.4
42.4
45.0
43.0
42.1

42.3
43.1
43.2
43.8
44.0
43.9
40.7
40.3
39.5
42.5
40.6
37.4
41.6
44.4
42.5
44.9
43.9
42.4

42.1
42.8
42.1
42.7
43.2
42.5
41.2
41.0
39.9
41.9
41.0
38.2
41.7
44.0
44.3
43.9
42.6
42.5

42.5
42.7
42.0
43.2
43.6
43.5
41.8
41.8
40.5
42.1
42.0
38.8
41.9
44.6
43.5
44.9
43.9
42.4

42.1

4.3
4.4
4.5
5.1
5.3
5.0
3.1
3.2
3.7
5.5
3.1
3.0
3.9
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.0
4.0

4.2
4.7
4.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
3.2
3.2
2.8
4.8
3.2
1.5
3.6
5.4
5.0
5.5
5.7
3.9

4.2
4.5
4.3
4.8
5.2
4.4
3.6
3.6
3.0
4.9
3.1
2.0
4.0
5.7
6.2
5.5
4.5
4.0

4.5
4.4
4.2
5.0
5.3
4.8
3.9
3.9
3.5
5.4
3.7
2.3
4.3
5.5
4.9
5.7
5.4
4.1

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

44.8
44.6
46.5

44.7
44.7
45.7

43.7
42.9
47.5

44.5
44.4
46.5

44.2

5.9
5.3
8.6

6.0
5.7
8.1

5.8
4.9
9.8

6.1
5.5
9.3

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.7
44.7
40.2

41.7
44.9
41.4

41.2
43.0
40.2

41.6
43.1
40.0

41.6

4.4
6.4
2.2

4.3
6.5
2.3

3.9
5.5
2.9

4.2
5.4
2.6

303,4
306
307

43.9
41.5
41.3

43.9
41.6
41.1

42.6
40.7
41.0

43.4
41.5
41.3

4.1
3.8
4.4

4.3
3.7
4.2

4.2
3.3
3.8

4.6
3.8
4.1

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31

37.5
40.5
37.1
38.0
35.6
38.7
36.7

37.9
40.9
37.3
37.1
37.3
38.9
37.5

38.4
42.1
37.7
37.8
37.7
40.6
37.9

38.2
41.9
37.5
38.1
36.4
39.5
38.0

37.9

2.2
3.5
1.9
1.5
2.2
3.8
2.2

2.0
3.5
1.6
1.0
2.0
3.0
2.7

2.0
4.8
1.5
1.0
2.1
2.5
2.0

2.2
4.8
1.8
1.4
1.8
2.8
2.4

39.5

39.5

39.4

39.5

39.8

311
314
3143

3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

45.3

45.2

42.6

42.6

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

34.4
38.4
40.4

34.7
38.8
40.8

35.9
38.9
40.2

33.2
37.9
39.3

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.5
38.5
38.7

38.7
38.5
40.9

38.7
38.7
38.9

38.9
38.8
39.6

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

42.8

41.5

40.1

42.2

See footnotes at end of table.

100




Oct.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
. 2861,9
287
289

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

$10.70 $10.68 $10.89 $11.05 $11.06 $411.95
10.91
10.80
357.17
10.57
10.63
11.74
11.60
11.30
11.24
441.73
10.00
379.47
9.72
9.86
9.73
356.83
9.66
9.31
9.67
9.44
10.48
10.11
411.88
10.32
10.12
10.09
10.00
364.82
9.97
10.05
11.37
11.18
10.94
10.97
440.99
10.95
10.74
10.42
415.76
10.42
11.52
11.12
449.03
11.34
11.17
11.44
10.99
11.41
449.62
11.02
337.90
8.78
8.69
8.49
8.49
13.42
13.09
13.14
511.15
13.43

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

$406.91
354.10
435.05
376.65
359.72
401.37
365.90
433.22
410.55
440.35
452.79
335.36
510.51

$411.64
358.56
439.64
381.02
357.50
416.93
361.00
439.37
419.93
445.66
466.67
325.01
529.14

$423.22 $416.96
365.49
444.95
389.00
366.11
423.39
362.23
454.80
435.81
459.65
474.76
333.64
534.12

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

12.75
14.03
14.12
13.16
14.07
12.45
12.13
11.92
10.99
14.73
10.30
9.13
11.34
15.22
14.80
15.33
12.59
11.59

12.78
13.98
13.98
13.25
14.21
12.50
12.23
11.96
11.05
14.75
10.49
9.13
11.33
15.12
14.42
15.31
12.64
11.58

13.08
14.28
14.39
13.39
14.25
12.71
12.50
12.47
11.19
15.17
10.30
9.29
11.68
15.66
15.68
15.66
12.93
11.98

13.18
14.32
14.38
13.51
14.37
12.86
12.66
12.61
11.20
15.10
10.39
9.31
11.74
15.74
15.49
15.81
13.15
12.11

13.21 539.33
600.48
607.16
575.09
617.67
542.82
496.12
482.76
444.00
651.07
419.21
350.59
474.01
675.77
627.52
689.85
541.37
487.94

540.59
602.54
603.94
580.35
625.24
548.75
497.76
481.99
436.48
626.88
425.89
341.46
471.33
671.33
612.85
687.42
554.90
490.99

550.67
611.18
605.82
571.75
615.60
540.18
515.00
511.27
446.48
635.62
422.30
354.88
487.06
689.04
694.62
687.47
550.82
509.15

560.15
611.46
603.96
583.63
626.53
559.41
529.19
527.10
453.60
635.71
436.38
361.23
491.91
702.00
673.82
709.87
577.29
513.46

556.14

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

15.01
16.27
11.84

15.14
16.44
11.80

15.23
16.45
12.40

15.50
16.73
12.46

15.69 672.45
725.64
550.56

676.76
734.87
539.26

665.55
705.71
589.00

689.75
742.81
579.39

693.50

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.22
14.39
6.37

9.23
14.46
6.40

9.44
15.06
6.54

9.48
14.88
6.57

9.47 384.47
643.23
256.07

384.89
649.25
264.96

388.93
647.58
262.91

394.37
641.33
262.80

393.95

303,4
306
307

9.22
8.78
8.64

9.21
8.73
8.63

9.47
8.96
8.77

9.63
9.03
8.86

404.76
364.37
356.83

404.32
363.17
354.69

403.42
364.67
359.57

417.94
374.75
365.92

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

6.30
8.44
6.02
6.37
5.77
6.32
5.91

6.33
8.37
6.07
6.38
5.84
6.18
5.91

6.53
8.81
6.23
6.66
5.95
6.48
6.01

6.60
8.88
6.31
6.78
5.93
6.79
5.95

6.62 236.25
341.82
223.34
242.06
205.41
244.58
216.90

239.91
342.33
226.41
236.70
217.83
240.40
221.63

250.75
370.90
234.87
251.75
224.32
263.09
227.78

252.12
372.07
236.63
258.32
215.85
268.21
226.10

250.90

12.40

12.42

12.56

12.69

12.77 489.80

490.59

494.86

501.26

508.25

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

15.03

14.91

16.07

16.07

680.86

673.93

684.58

684.58

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

8.57
9.12
11.36

8.57
9.15
11.26

9.07
9.65
11.73

8.90
9.61
11.65

294.81
350.21
458.94

297.38
355.02
459.41

325.61
375.39
471.55

295.48
364.22
457.85

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

11.03
11.20
8.80

11.05
11.27
8.56

11.39
11.55
9.19

11.45
11.62
9.22

424.66
431.20
340.56

427.64
433.90
350.10

440.79
446.99
357.49

445.41
450.86
365.11

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.66

15.94

15.77

16.37

670.25

661.51

632.38

690.81

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

481
483

40.1
41.8
35.8

39.7
41.2
36.0

39.0
40.7
35.1

39.6
41.3
35.3

49
491
492
493
495

41.6
41.6
41.4
41.7
42.4

41.8
41.5
42.0
42.2
42.5

41.7
41.8
41.5
41.6
42.4

42.0
42.0
42.3
42.3
41.9

38.1

38.2

38.1

38.1

38.6
38.0
37.5
39.7
36.3
40.7
38.0
38.8
38.9
38.4

38.7
38.0
37.5
39.7
36.2
40.4
38.1
39.0
39.0
38.4

38.5
37.4
37.2
39.7
35.5
40.2
38.0
38.9
38.9
38.2

38.5
37.4
37.0
39.7
35.6
40.1
38.1
38.8
39.0
38.1

37.4
37.0
37.2
36.9
38.0
40.1
38.2
36.4
36.4

37.6
37.0
37.1
37.1
37.9
40.0
38.7
36.1
36.6

37.4
37.3
37.7
36.4
38.0
39.8
38.3
36.5
36.6

37.5
37.2
37.3
36.3
38.3
39.3
38.3
36.3
36.9

29.1

29.1

29.6

28.9

36.9
38.8
33.1

36.4
38.2
32.4

48

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51
511

509

512
513
514
516
517
518
519

Retail trade.
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.8
38.7
32.8

36.7
38.5
32.8

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

27.8
27.5
28.8
29.8

27.5
27.2
28.8
29.3

28.1
27.9
28.7
29.7

27.8
27.7
28.1
28.8

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

30.3
30.4
29.3

30.0
30.1
29.1

30.7
30.9
29.7

30.0
30.2
29.0

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.3
37.0
38.7
34.2

36.4
37.2
38.9
34.1

36.6
37.1
38.9
34.5

36.2
36.9
38.4
34.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.9
28.6
25.2
26.9
28.7

27.0
28.8
25.2
27.1
28.5

27.7
29.0
25.5
27.4
30.1

26.9
28.2
24.6
26.9
29.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

32.9
33.5
33.0
31.7

33.0
33.6
33.2
31.7

33.3
33.8
33.4
32.3

32.9
33.5
32.6
32.0

Eating and drinking places4 ...

58

25.6

25.8

26.3

25.3

See footnotes at end of table.

102




Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989P

38.4

28.9

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$12.93 $12.93 $12.88 $13.15
13.59
13.90
13.63
13.66
12.14
12.15
11.74
11.52

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$518.49 $513.32 $502.32 $520.74
570.99 561.56 553.11 574.07
412.42 422.64 426.11 428.90

14.37
14.50
13.36
17.03
11.15

14.56
14.59
13.66
17.36
11.29

14.65
15.02
13.61
17.10
11.18

14.86
15.23
13.76
17.26
11.46

597.79
603.20
553.10
710.15
472.76

608.61
605.49
573.72
732.59
479.83

610.91
627.84
564.82
711.36
474.03

624.12
639.66
582.05
730.10
480.17

10.04

10.10

10.35

10.46 $10.52 382.52

385.82

394.34

398.53

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

10.26
9.32
9.46
9.77
9.60
10.58
10.71
9.54
10.99
8.04

10.36
9.37
9.55
9.82
9.64
10.73
10.81
9.67
11.12
8.12

10.59
9.69
9.78
10.07
9.88
10.89
10.88
10.00
11.36
8.35

10.73
9.81
9.89
10.17
10.19
11.00
11.07
10.16
11.49
8.46

396.04
354.16
354.75
387.87
348.48
430.61
406.98
370.15
427.51
308.74

400.93
356.06
358.13
389.85
348.97
433.49
411.86
377.13
433.68
311.81

407.72
362.41
363.82
399.78
350.74
437.78
413.44
389.00
441.90
318.97

413.11
366.89
365.93
403.75
362.76
441.10
421.77
394.21
448.11
322.33

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.72
10.64
11.13
9.46
9.89
12.27
9.73
11.19
7.98

9.73
10.69
11.23
9.41
9.89
12.37
9.84
11.33
8.03

9.99
10.90
11.38
9.79
10.14
12.46
9.83
11.67
8.25

10.07
11.16
11.64
9.88
10.16
12.59
10.04
11.77
8.35

363.53
393.68
414.04
349.07
375.82
492.03
371.69
407.32
290.47

365.85
395.53
416.63
349.11
374.83
494.80
380.81
409.01
293.90

373.63
406.57
429.03
356.36
385.32
495.91
376.49
425.96
301.95

377.63
415.15
434.17
358.64
389.13
494.79
384.53
427.25
308.12

6.38

6.39

6.50

6.61

6.63 185.66

185.95

192.40

191.03

Retail trade

Oct.
1989P

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.52
7.86
6.29

7.51
7.87
6.26

7.68
8.03
6.42

7.78
8.15
6.51

276.74
304.18
206.31

275.62
303.00
205.33

283.39
311.56
212.50

283.19
311.33
210.92

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.62
6.93
5.03
5.39

6.67
6.99
5.07
5.40

6.72
7.00
5.26
5.59

6.78
7.04
5.31
5.69

184.04
190.58
144.86
160.62

183.43
190.13
146.02
158.22

188.83
195.30
150.96
166.02

188.48
195.01
149.21
163.87

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.04
7.14
6.06

7.03
7.13
6.08

7.06
7.16
6.03

7.19
7.28
6.11

213.31
217.06
177.56

210.90
214.61
176.93

216.74
221.24
179.09

215.70
219.86
177.19

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

8.38
10.26
7.12
5.82

8.35
10.14
7.19
5.85

8.64
10.66
7.56
5.92

8.78
10.82
7.63
6.01

304.19
379.62
275.54
199.04

303.94
377.21
279.69
199.49

316.22
395.49
294.08
204.24

317.84
399.26
292.99
204.94

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.83
6.99
5.53
5.69
5.99

5.85
7.04
5.56
5.70
5.99

5.94
7.27
5.61
5.89
5.95

6.08
7.41
5.77
6.06
6.08

156.83
199.91
139.36
153.06
171.91

157.95
202.75
140.11
154.47
170.72

164.54
210.83
143.06
161.39
179.10

163.55
208.96
141.94
163.01
177.54

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.92
8.07
7.85
7.64

7.95
8.08
7.94
7.69

8.21
8.19
8.47
8.16

8.30
8.30
8.71
8.16

260.57
270.35
259.05
242.19

262.35
271.49
263.61
243.77

273.39
276.82
282.90
263.57

273.07
278.05
283.95
261.12

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.62

4.63

4.74

4.79

118.27

119.45

124.66

121.19

$403.97

191.61

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuitural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591

594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

29.8
27.3
28.7
32.5
38.3
31.3

30.0
27.5
28.7
32.6
39.8
31.7

30.3
28.0
29.4
33.1
37.8
31.7

29.8
27.4
28.2
33.4
37.8
31.7

35.8

36.0

35.8

35.7

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks.

60
602

35.7
35.7

36.0
36.0

35.6
35.6

35.2
35.1

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations ...
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

36.2
35.7
36.2

36.7
36.0
36.2

36.4
35.9
36.3

36.3
35.9
36.3

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance...

63
631
632
633

37.1
36.8
38.0
36.8

37.3
37.0
37.8
37.0

37.1
37.1
37.6
36.9

37.0
37.0
37.4
36.9

32.5

32.7

32.9

32.6

Services .
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 4 .

701

31.3

32.1

31.8

31.2

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.1
30.1

34.5
30.1

34.1
29.5

34.1
29.4

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.4
36.8
29.4
37.8

33.8
37.1
29.8
38.3

33.9
36.7
29.8
37.8

33.7
36.4
29.5
38.1

Auto repair, services, and garages.
Automotive repair shops

75
753

36.7
38.2

36.8
38.0

37.2
38.4

36.7
38.2

Miscellaneous repair services .

76

38.1

38.1

38.0

37.7

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .

78
781

28.0
35.8

28.4
36.2

29.5
34.8

28.7
34.8

Amusement and recreation services .

79

27.9

27.7

30.0

28.0

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
806

32.4
31.2
28.4
31.7
34.0

32.4
31.4
28.5
31.7
33.9

32.5
31.5
28.4
31.8
34.1

32.5
31.5
28.4
31.9
34.1

Legal services

81

34.5

34.8

35.0

34.8

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
893

38.0
39.3
36.4

38.1
39.3
36.6

37.7
38.9
36.0

37.9
39.1
36.6

See footnotes at end of table.

104




805

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1989P

36.2

32.8

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 .

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.

$197.87
173.08
178.51
242.78
349.68
212.84

$199.50
173.53
177.37
243.85
371.33
216.83

$204.83
179.48
186.40
256.19
347.76
221.27

$204.43
178.10
181.61
259.52
353.05
223.80

Sept.
1989P

$6.64
6.34
6.22
7.47
9.13
6.80

$6.65
6.31
6.18
7.48
9.33
6.84

$6.76
6.41
6.34
7.74
9.20
6.98

$6.86
6.50
6.44
7.77
9.34
7.06

9.14

9.29

9.50

9.62

$9.77 327.21

334.44

340.10

343.43

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks.

60
602

7.87
7.55

7.98
7.66

8.21
7.80

8.32
7.90

280.96
269.54

287.28
275.76

292.28
277.68

292.86
277.29

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations ...
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

8.36
7.86
7.81

8.51
8.07
7.95

8.63
8.03
8.11

8.74
8.11
8.15

302.63
280.60
282.72

312.32
290.52
287.79

314.13
288.28
294.39

317.26
291.15
295.85

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ...

63
631
632
633

10.29
9.76
9.90
10.83

10.41
9.83
10.09
10.97

10.67
9.95
10.26
11.46

10.74
9.98
10.41
11.53

381.76
359.17
376.20
398.54

388.29
363.71
381.40
405.89

395.86
369.15
385.78
422.87

397.38
369.26
389.33
425.46

9.00

9.09

9.29

9.49

9.60 292.50

297.24

305.64

309.37

201.89

207.37

206.38

208.73

Services ,
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 4 .

701

6.45

6.46

6.49

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.34
6.80

6.36
6.75

6.62
7.01

6.67
6.99

216.19
204.68

219.42
203.18

225.74
206.80

227.45
205.51

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

9.18
12.52
6.89
13.22

9.24
12.63
6.92
13.40

9.57
13.01
7.15
14.09

9.68
13.13
7.14
14.18

306.61
460.74
202.57
499.72

312.31
468.57
206.22
513.22

324.42
477.47
213.07
532.60

326.22
477.93
210.63
540.26

Auto repair, services, and garages.
Automotive repair shops

75
753

8.25
8.98

8.23
8.98

8.46
9.35

8.53
9.38

302.78
343.04

302.86
341.24

314.71
359.04

313.05
358.32

Miscellaneous repair services .

76

9.63

9.62

9.86

10.00

366.90

366.52

374.68

377.00

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .

78
781

11.63
15.40

11.88
15.52

11.68
15.66

12.23
15.74

325.64
551.32

337.39
561.82

344.56
544.97

351.00
547.75

Amusement and recreation services .

79

7.42

7.74

7.03

7.74

207.02

214.40

210.90

216.72

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
805
806

9.37
8.91
8.95
6.47
10.69

9.43
8.98
9.03
6.50
10.75

9.86
9.29
9.44
6.81
11.27

9.97
9.40
9.54
6.88
11.38

303.59
277.99
254.18
205.10
363.46

305.53
281.97
257.36
206.05
364.43

320.45
292.64
268.10
216.56
384.31

324.03
296.10
270.94
219.47
388.06

Legal services

81

12.77

13.14

13.33

13.39

440.57

457.27

466.55

465.97

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
893

12.74
13.47
11.13

12.94
13.67
11.32

13.21
13.84
11.65

13.44
14.17
11.69

484.12
529.37
405.13

493.01
537.23
414.31

498.02
538.38
419.40

509.38
554.05
427.85

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Oct.
1989P

$353.67

314.88

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

105

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$14.20

$14.36

$14.91

$15.06

$13.63

$13.51

$14.29

$14.44

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.69

14.82

15.36

15.51

14.06

13.94

14.72

14.85

= preliminary.

106




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
* Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

$9.75

$9.76

$9.97

$10.05

$10.06

10.25
8.30
7.77
9.91
11.47
9.82
10.51
9.77

10.26
8.36
7.76
9.92
11.44
9.83

10.49

10.58
8.57
8.09

10.57

10.55
9.75

12.71
9.62
7.75

12.70
9.71
7.81

9.05
8.58

9.05
8.54

13.67
7.06

13.59

7.09
6.06
11.01
10.23

6.05
11.01
10.22
12.13
14.09
8.75

12.17
14.18
8.78

6.12

6.16

8.54
8.00
10.12
11.66
10.05
10.81
10.02
13.02

9.95
7.94
9.27
8.75
15.54
7.32
6.16
11.25
10.48
12.45

14.28
9.01
6.37

10.15
11.74
10.13
10.86

()
O
02

10.07
13.15
9.98
8.10

9.32
8.74
14.24
7.38
6.25
11.26
10.57
12.52
14.51
9.03
6.42

$9.35
(2)
(2)

O2

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are
subject to revision.

107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
INDUSTRY

Sept.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.40
4.83

$9.45
4.84

$9.61
4.75

$9.77
4.81

$9.83

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.82
6.59

12.79
6.55

13.11
6.48

13.17
6.49

$13.14

541.00
278.01

544.85
279.12

566.35
279.96

578.16
284.81

$586.04

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

13.16
6.76

13.17
6.75

13.33
6.59

13.47
6.64

$13.51

505.34
259.68

514.95
263.81

519.87
256.98

519.94
256.13

$529.59

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.25
5.27

10.25
5.25

10.44
5.16

10.55
5.20

$10.54

423.33
217.54

423.33
216.87

425.95
210.55

434.66
214.12

$432.14

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.40
6.37

12.42
6.36

12.56
6.21

12.69
6.25

$12.77

489.80
251.70

490.59
251.33

494.86
244.62

501.26
246.93

$508.25

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.04
5.16

10.10
5.17

10.35
5.12

10.46
5.15

$10.52

382.52
196.57

385.82
197.65

394.34
194.93

398.53
196.32

$403.97

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.38
3.28

6.39
3.27

6.50
3.21

6.61
3.26

$6.63

185.66
95.41

185.95
95.26

192.40
95.11

191.03
94.10

$191.61

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.14
4.70

9.29
4.76

9.50
4.70

9.62
4.74

$9.77

327.21
168.14

334.44
171.33

340.10
168.12

343.43
169.18

$353.67

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.00
4.62

9.09
4.66

9.29
4.59

9.49
4.67

$9.60

292.50
150.31

297.24
152.27

305.64
151.08

309.37
152.40

$314.88

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

108




0

0
0

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Oct.
1989P

$327.12 $329.81 $335.39 $340.00 $343.07
168.10 168.96 165.79 167.49

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
Oct.

Total private
Mining

34.8

Nov.

34.7

Dec.

34.7

Jan.
34.8

Feb.
34.6

Mar.
34.7

0

Apr.

34.9

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

34.6

34.6

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.8

0

Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.5
43.7
44.2
41.9
42.7
41.0
43.1
43.9
41.8
39.1

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.2
40.3
39.5
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.5
41.0
43.1
44.1
41.6
39.3

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.3
39.4
42.4
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.8
43.7
41.1
39.0

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.3
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.0
41.9
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.6
41.5
39.4

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
39.6
39.7
42.2
43.4
43.8
41.9
42.6
40.9
43.1
43.9
41.5
39.5

41.0
4.0
41.7
4.1
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5

41.3
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.8
39.4
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.7
41.3
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.5
4.0
39.6
39.5
42.3
43.0
43.2
41.5
42.4
40.6
42.6
42.6
41.4
39.3

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.5
42.9
43.4
41.5
42.2
40.9
42.7
43.0
41.1
39.4

41.1
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.2
42.8
42.9
41.7
42.3
41.1
42.8
43.4
41.0
39.0

40.8
3.8
41.4
3.8
40.4
39.4
42.3
42.7
43.2
41.7
42.0
41.0
41.5
43.3
41.1
39.0

40.2
3.7
40.4

40.0
3.6
40.2
(2)
40.5
36.8
43.2
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.4

40.1
3.6
40.1
(2)
40.9
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.2
3.7
40.3
40.8
37.1
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.4
3.8
40.7
(2)
41.7

(2)
41.6

40.2
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)
41.5

40.3
3.6
40.7
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.8
42.5
(2)
41.5

40.2
3.8
41.0
(2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
37.6
42.5
(2)
41.4

40.2
3.6
40.8
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.5
37.7
42.4
(2)
41.5

40.7
37.0
43.2
37.9
42.5
(2)
41.6

40.1
3.7
40.8
(2)
40.6
36.9
43.3
37.6
42.2
(2)
41.5

37.8

37.3

37.7

38.0

38.6

40.1
3.8
40.4
(2)
41.1
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.6
38.0

40.3
3.7
41.1

41.0
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6

40.2
3.6
40.6
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.1
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.7

38.3

37.4

37.9

37.7

38.1

38.2

37.7

40.1

39.5

39.4

39.4

39.0

39.4

39.7

38.3

37.9

38.0

38.1

38.0

38.1

38.2

29.1

28.9

28.9

29.2

28.8

28.8

29.0

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.8

32.6

32.7

32.8

0

Transportation and public utilities
39.4
Wholesale trade
38.1
Retail trade

39.3
38.0

39.4
38.1

39.6
38.1

0

39.4
38.1

29.2

29.0

29.1

29.1

28.9

32.7

32.5

32.7

32.7

32.5

39.4
38.1
28.9

37.6
43.4
37.9
42.6

0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




32.6

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1988

1989

Industry

Sept.1

Oct.p

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Total private

126.3

126.3

126.8

127.4

127.2

127.6

128.7

127.6

128.1

129.2

128.5

128.8

129.4

Goods-producing

102.4

102.8

102.3

103.0

102.9

102.9

103.5

102.4

102.5

103.0

103.3

102.9

102.5

81.2

80.0

80.2

79.9

80.1

81.1

83.4

81.8

81.2

80.3

84.4

85.7

86.9

139.4

141.1

139.4

141.2

140.5

140.3

141.0

138.2

139.3

142.7

143.5

143.1

143.8

96.2

96.5

96.2

96.7

96.7

96.7

97.2

96.4

96.4

96.3

96.4

95.9

95.3

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

94.6
106.3

94.9
105.9

94.6
106.2

95.2
107.0

95.0

94.9
105.3

95.2

94.0
103.6

93.3

92.4
104.2

112.9

113.2

111.9

91.0
69.0
54.0
92.5
92.1

112.6
91.0
68.8

113.8

90.6
68.9
54.1

53.1
92.1
92.5
100.2

53.8

94.0
103.4
112.6
89.8
68.5
52.6
90.8

93.8
102.6

112.3

94.3
103.7
112.9
89.3

92.7

93.6

89.9

91.8

101.0
91.1

90.0
67.9
52.0
90.7
94.0
97.6
98.6

90.2
67.6
53.0
90.4
93.2
98.0
100.5
90.1

114.8
84.0

114.8
84.8

114.5
84.7

115.3
85.9

115.6
86.4

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

98.6
101.7
75.1
80.6
83.8

98.8
102.6
76.5
80.5
84.4

98.4
101.5
76.7
79.5

98.9

99.3

99.5

101.5
73.4
80.6

102.2
74.1
80.4
85.5

102.9

101.9

101.9

137.3
99.5

137.3

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

91.8
91.9

101.0
100.8

101.4
100.8

100.3

84.2
102.1

91.4
69.1
93.0
93.0
100.2
101.0

84.9




90.9
68.7
53.4
92.8
93.7
99.9

101.9

114.3

90.5
68.9
53.6
92.5
93.4

105.9
114.6
91.0
68.6
52.4

68.2
52.3

92.2
93.9
99.7

91.7
93.7
98.4

101.2
91.1
116.4
87.1

100.5

69.6

100.1
103.8
73.0

81.0
85.4
102.3
138.5

82.1
86.8
102.4
138.2

100.4

100.9

98.8
101.5

91.7
115.0
86.1

93.8

90.2
115.8
86.6

97.8
99.5
88.1
116.1
86.2

85.7
116.9
85.7

99.5
103.3
69.6
81.5
85.4

99.9
104.3
69.0
81.5
85.2

100.1
106.4
70.5
81.3
84.9

102.3
138.3
118.9

102.7
137.7
101.5
83.2
118.8

105.2
68.7
80.4
84.9
103.4
138.3
101.8
83.4
119.3

115.8
86.8

99.9

103.2
111.9
88.8
66.5
51.9

90.3

110.8
89.4
66.3
52.3

90.0

93.1

92.1

97.9

97.4
94.6
85.1

98.4
87.2
115.8
85.3

99.8
106.7
68.7

79.4
84.3

116.3
85.3

99.5
106.1
68.9
79.6
83.7

82.2

82.9

120.0

119.9

119.9

102.3
137.8
100.5
83.5
119.6

56.1

57.0

56.1

56.0

54.7

55.5

54.7

54.8

54.5

53.8

140.3

140.9

140.6

141.2

142.6

141.5

142.2

143.7

142.4

143.2

144.2

114.7

115.5

116.4

116.2

116.2

118.6

117.3

117.3

117.7

113.7

117.0

118.6

124.2

124.2

124.9

125.3

125.9

126.4

127.2

126.1

126.7

127.2

127.3

127.5

128.2

126.5

126.0

126.7

127.2

126.7

126.9

127.7

127.2

127.4

128.9

127.5

127.5

128.2

141.6

140.6

141.2

142.1

140.8

141.8

143.8

141.9

142.7

145.0

143.3

143.7

145.4

164.3

164.0

165.8

166.4

166.1

167.3

168.9

167.5

169.0

170.8

170.4

171.1

172.2

101.7
138.3

84.1
118.5

99.0
83.5

137.4
99.4
82.7

119.3

118.6

99.9
81.2
119.5

55.3

54.6

55.2

139.6

139.2

114.6

* Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

110

104.5
113.7

138.4
100.0
83.3

101.8
84.3

102.3
138.7
101.5
84.3
118.8

102.9

137.7
101.3
83.9
118.7

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

$9.69

$9.69

Sept.p

Oct.

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime3
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

$9.43

$9.42

$9.45

$9.49

$9.52

$9.54

$9.61

$9.60

$9.62

$9.74

$9.81

(2)
(2)
0
(2)
0
0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
0
()
0
$13.08 $13.10 $13.15 $13.18 $13.22 $13.26 $13.33 $13.32 $13.32 $13.42 $13.37 $13.38 $13.43
10.29
10.55
10.52
10.45 10.48
10.42
10.40
10.40
10.37
10.33
10.31
10.30
10.57
9.80
10.08
10.05
10.01
9.99
9.97
9.92
9.92
9.89
9.87
9.85
9.83
10.10
12.41
12.66
12.57
12.61
12.54
12.54
12.52
12.45 12.48 12.50
12.36
12.39
12.76
10.33 10.44
10.28
10.36
10.21
10.18
10.19
10.11
10.06
10.39
10.14
10.46
10.56
6.58
6.57
6.54
6.52
6.49
6.51
6.47
6.45
6.44
6.43
6.40
6.38
6.62
9.35
9.66
9.57
9.68
9.53
9.45
9.54
9.36
9.35
9.40
9.35
9.26
9.83
9.34
9.33
9.32
9.24
9.19
9.46
9.15
9.10
9.05
9.49
9.43
9.07
9.59
4.84

4.82

4.82

4.81

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.77

All

4.79

4.79

4.81

f)

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .

328.16 326.87 327.92 330.25 329.39 331.04 335.39 332.16 332.85 337.21 335.27 337.98 341.39
168.55 167.28 167.39 167.55 166.44 166.44 167.53 165.01 165.10 166.85 165.89 166.90

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

Ill

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.6
41.8
40.7

41.3
41.0
41.7

41.6
41.0
34.6

$9.07
9.19
10.66

$9.04
9.28
10.75

Alaska

38.4

53.5

41.3

12.83

Arizona

41.1

40.9

41.2

9.96

Arkansas
Favetteville-SDrinadale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.5
42.9
40.9
41.3
42.9

41.1
41.2
40.2
41.9
43.5

41.5
41.5
40.1
41.8
44.9

California

0

Colorado
Denver

39.7
40.0

39.9
40.1

Connecticut
BridaeDort-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Waterbury

42.4
41.8
42.6
42.8
41.6
39.2
44.2

Delaware
Wilmington

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989?

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

$9.11
9.28
11.61

$377.31
384.14
433.86

$373.35
380.48
448.28

$378.98
380.48
401.71

11.43

13.23

492.67

611.51

546.40

9.99

10.06

409.36

408.59

414.47

8.04
7.17
8.69
8.48
10.60

8.26
7.45
8.84
8.83
10.49

8.28
7.53
8.82
8.90
10.56

333.66
307.59
355.42
350.22
454.74

339.49
306.94
355.37
369.98
456.32

343.62
312.50
353.68
372.02
474.14

40.8
40.6

10.44
11.23

10.49
10.92

10.47
10.96

414.47
449.20

418.55
437.89

427.18
444.98

41.5
40.0
41.1
42.2
40.7
41.9
42.6

42.2
41.4
42.4
42.1
41.2
41.9
42.3

10.84
11.20
11.45
11.21
10.30
12.19
10.00

11.18
11.52
12.03
11.97
10.69
11.86
10.45

11.23
11.57
12.17
11.67
10.79
11.97
10.27

459.62
468.16
487.77
479.79
428.48
477.85
442.00

463.97
460.80
494.43
505.13
435.08
496.93
445.17

473.91
479.00
516.01
491.31
444.55
501.54
434.42

39.8
40.9

40.4
41.3

42.0
43.8

10.26
13.06

11.06
13.37

11.37
13.97

408.35
534.15

446.82
552.18

477.54
611.89

District of Columbia:
Washinaton MSA

39.5

39.8

40.6

11.48

12.14

12.21

453.46

483.17

495.73

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollvwood-Pomoano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tamoa St Petersburo—Clearwater
Wp<5t Palm Rpach—Boca Raton—Delrav Beach

40.6
42.1
41.0
39.2
39.3
42.2
40.5
40.5

40.3
40.9
41.4
38.8
40.1
41.0
40.0
40.9

41.0
41.5
41.9
39.6
40.7
42.1
40.8
41.3

8.51
8.42
9.17
7.36
8.97
10.94
8.32
9.21

8.74
8.62
9.39
7.45
9.99
10.80
8.88
9.29

8.75
8.70
9.40
7.35
9.91
10.97
8.85
9.27

345.51
354.48
375.97
288.51
352.52
461.67
336.96
373.01

352.22
352.56
388.75
289.06
400.60
442.80
355.20
379.96

358.75
361.05
393.86
291.06
403.34
461.84
361.08
382.85

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.3
41.1
47.5

41.1
41.0
48.2

41.4
41.7
48.1

8.72
10.16
11.45

8.78
10.28
11.48

8.93
10.55
11.52

360.14
417.58
543.88

360.86
421.48
553.34

369.70
439.94
554.11

Honolulu

39.8
39.5

40.5
40.5

40.1
39.6

9.80
9.96

10.32
10.43

10.36
10.44

390.04
393.42

417.96
422.42

415 44
413.42

Idaho

36.3

39.2

40.0

10.18

10.15

10.20

369.53

397.88

408.00

Illinois
Aurora—Elain
Bloominaton—Normal
Phamnaian—Urbana Rantoul
Chicago
DavenDort—Rock Island Moline
Decatur
joiiet
Kankakee
Lake Countv
Peoria
Rockford
Snrjnafield

41.6
42.7
39.0
40.2
42.4
39.4
42.5
41.0
41.8
41.0
46.5
43.0
44.2

41.9
40.6
43.4
38.7
41.5
41.7
43.1
41.2
39.6
39.6
42.7
41.4
40.0

42.3
42.8
43.1
39.5
41.3
40.6
43.0
41.1
39.6
40.4
43.0
41.5
39.0

11.05
10.55
11.26
9.39
10.76
12.82
14.31
12.17
11.29
11.68
13.39
11.54
12.19

11.23
10.52
12.27
9.86
10.88
12.93
14.77
12.50
11.55
11.74
13.90
11.88
11.61

11.25
10.76
12.69
10.12
10.96
13.17
14.89
12.65
11.46
11.82
13.86
11.91
11.72

459.68
450.49
439.14
377.48
456.22
505.11
608.18
498.97
471.92
478.88
622.64
496.22
538.80

470.54
427.11
532.52
381.58
451.52
539.18
636.59
515.00
457.38
464.90
593.53
491.83
464.40

475.88
460.53
546.94
399.74
452.65
534.70
640.27
519.92
453.82
477.53
595 98
494.27
457.08

42.3

40.7

41.7

11.48

11.61

11.65

485.60

472.53

485.81

Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.

112




•

•

•

Aug.
1989

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

Iowa ..:
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.8
41.5
41.3
42.3
35.5

40.0
38.8
41.1
39.7
39.9

Kansas

41.0
41.9
40.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Louisiana

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

41.4
39.7
43.3
42.3
41.4

$10.70
11.61
11.62
9.08

$10.89
12.73
11.57
10.16
8.26

40.8
42.1
41.2

40.4
41.0
40.4

10.33
11.88
10.79

40.7
39.8
41.6

39.6
39.3
40.5

39.6
39.4
40.6

42.0
42.8
40.7
41.1

42.3
44.0
40.9
41.2

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

41.5
39.1
42.1

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$11.06
12.78
12.18
12.36
8.97

$447.26
514.60
479.49
491.53
322.34

$435.60
493.92
475.53
403.35
329.57

$457.88
507.37
527.39
522.83
371.36

10.57
11.88
11.50

10.59
12.48
11.39

423.53
497.77
439.15

431.26
500.15
473.80

427.84
511.68
460.16

10.20
10.29
11.72

10.31
10.95
11.79

10.20
10.84
11.25

415.14
409.54
487.55

408.28
430.34
477.50

403.92
427.10
456.75

43.0
44.1
41.5
41.3

10.98
13.25
10.64
11.42

10.92
12.87
10.61
10.91

11.02
12.96
10.72
11.15

461.16
567.10
433.05
469.36

461.92
566.28
433.95
449.49

473.86
571.54
444.88
460.50

40.1
39.5
38.1

40.4
39.2
39.7

9.45
8.23
9.48

9.91
8.20
10.92

9.91
8.54
10.85

392.18
321.79
399.11

397.39
323.90
416.05

400.36
334.77
430.75

42.0
42.2

41.4
41.7

41.8
41.7

10.59
11.36

10.95
11.55

11.05
11.66

444.78
479.39

453.33
481.64

461.89
486.22

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.6
41.5
42.9
41.1

40.9
40.5
41.1
41.2

40.9
40.3
41.3
40.9

10.38
11.08
9.84
10.61

10.76
11.46
9.94
11.02

10.85
11.57
10.04
11.27

431.81
459.82
422.14
436.07

440.08
464.13
408.53
454.02

443.77
466.27
414.65
460.94

Michigan
Ann Arbor

44.0
46.8
42.8
45.0
44.7
42.1
43.8
42.8
43.8
41.0
44.2

42.2
44.7
40.4
43.0
43.4
41.1
42.1
41.5
38.1
41.3
41.2

43.3
45.1
42.0
43.6
45.0
41.7
42.6
42.1
44.5
41.8
43.5

13.52
14.57
14.66
14.57
16.91
11.42
10.04
12.82
14.63
11.96
15.35

13.50
13.88
14.12
14.54
17.42
11.58
11.21
13.04
14.69
12.51
15.03

13.82
13.98
14.32
14.84
17.53
11.81
11.21
13.08
15.35
12.68
15.49

594.88
681.88
627.45
655.65
755.88
480.78
439.75
548.70
640.79
490.36
678.47

569.70
620.44
570.45
625.22
756.03
475.94
471.94
541.16
559.69
516.66
619.24

598.41
630.50
601.44
647.02
788.85
492.48
477.55
550.67
683.07
530.02
673.81

St. Cloud

41.1
37.7
41.6
40.2

40.6
37.2
40.5
36.0

40.9
38.0
41.0
37.1

10.61
10.99
11.29
10.29

10.78
11.34
11.73
9.98

10.89
11.27
11.74
9.84

436.07
414.32
469.66
413.66

437.67
421.85
475.07
359.28

445.40
428.26
481.34
365.06

Mississippi
Jackson

40.1
41.8

40.1
39.7

40.3
40.8

7.89
8.80

7.96
8.95

8.08
9.18

316.39
367.84

319.20
355.32

325.62
374.54

Missouri

41.2
41.3
41.6
40.8

40.7
40.6
41.1
39.9

41.4
40.2
42.4
39.9

10.26

10.46
11.40
12.31
8.68

10.55

11.45
11.93
8.49

8.68

422.71
472.89
496.29
346.39

425.72
462.84
505.94
346.33

436.77
458.28
529.15
346.33

Montana

37.8

39.2

40.0

10.64

10.92

11.13

402.19

428.06

445.20

Nebraska
Lincoln

40.9
40.9
41.6

41.4
40.0
42.0

42.4
40.2
43.3

9.64
10.18
10.24

9.60
10.30
10.31

9.63
10.16
10.29

394.28
416.36
425.98

397.44
412.00
433.02

408.31
408.43
445.56

Nevada
Las Vegas

39.2
40.5

40.8
42.6

40.5
42.6

10.19
12.66

10.29
12.60

10.34
12.81

399.45
512.73

419.83
536.76

418.77
545.71

New Hampshire
Manchester

40.5
39.1
40.1
41.4

40.7
40.5
40.5
41.9

40.6
41.2
40.8
41.2

9.86
10.16
12.03
9.31

10.17
10.52
12.31
9.83

10.23
10.56
12.19
10.04

399.33
397.26
482.40
385.43

413.92
426.06
498.56
411.88

415.34
435.07
497.35
413.65

Topeka
Wichita

Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson

Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul

Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Omaha

Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

12.40

11.40
12.48

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

State and area

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989p

New Jersey .

40.9

40.5

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque..

39.8
39.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy....
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

41.0

$10.96

$11.42

38.0
40.0

38.8
39.9

8.73
9.58

40.0
40.8
40.5
43.6
41.8
39.9
36.7
36.5
42.2
38.6
41.6
43.9
34.9
42.1
42.2
39.5

39.8
40.1
40.2
42.0
40.2
40.0
37.8
37.4
40.3
38.4
40.1
41.9
39.1
40.4
40.3
40.8

39.9
40.3
40.7
42.0
39.9
39.7
37.6
37.1
40.9
38.4
39.9
42.7
40.4
41.2
41.1
41.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ....
Raleigh-Durham

40.7
41.3
40.7
40.1
42.3

40.7
41.2
40.8
39.5
41.0

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead .

38.5
40.8

Ohio
Akron

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

$11.51

$448.26

$462.51

$471.91

8.51
9.39

8.53
9.47

347.45
377.45

323.38
375.60

330.96
377.85

10.52
11.11
9.90
12.29
9.59
11.29
9.91
9.68
13.54
8.35
10.06
12.42
10.93
12.16
9.76
11.37

10.78
11.26
10.12
12.86
9.69
11.93
9.98
9.86
13.64
8.92
10.86
12.64
8.46
12.22
9.89
11.61

10.78
11.28
10.07
13.05
9.64
11.87
9.98
9.84
13.67
8.98
11.00
12.66
8.08
12.09
10.05
11.85

420.80
453.29
400.95
535.84
400.86
450.47
363.70
353.32
571.39
322.31
418.50
545.24
381.46
511.94
411.87
449.12

429.04
451.53
406.82
540.12
389.54
477.20
377.24
368.76
549.69
342.53
435.49
529.62
330.79
493.69
398.57
473.69

430.12
454.58
409.85
548.10
384.64
471.24
375.25
365.06
559.10
344.83
438.90
540.58
326.43
498.11
413.06
488.22

40.7
41.8
40.4
39.4
41.7

8.18
8.25
8.61
9.04
9.31

8.43
8.37
8.88
9.23
9.48

8.45
8.50
8.94
9.23
9.59

332.93
340.73
350.43
362.50
393.81

343.10
344.84
362.30
364.59
388.68

343.92
355.30
361.18
363.66
399.90

39.8
39.4

39.8
42.6

8.41
8.55

8.84
8.90

9.03
9.13

323.79
348.84

351.83
350.66

359.39
388.94

43.3
43.2
42.6
43.0
43.2
41.4
43.6
44.6
43.4

42.1
42.3
42.0
43.2
42.2
41.3
41.8
43.3
42.2

42.8
42.7
41.7
43.4
43.0
41.6
42.7
43.6
42.1

12.05
11.34
11.44
11.25
11.91
11.63
12.67
13.15
13.59

12.23
11.37
11.82
11.59
11.87
11.99
12.72
13.32
13.98

12.34
11.46
11.84
11.57
12.06
12.10
12.99
13.31
14.04

521.77
489.89
487.34
483.75
514.51
481.48
552.41
586.49
589.81

514.88
480.95
496.44
500.69
500.91
495.19
531.70
576.76
589.96

528.15
489.34
493.73
502.14
518.58
503.36
554.67
580.32
591.08

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.9
41.9
41.8

41.7
43.2
41.7

42.0
43.6
42.2

10.40
11.53
10.78

10.47
11.31
10.75

10.62
11.31
10.82

425.36
483.11
450.60

436.60
488.59
448.28

446.04
493.12
456.60

Oregon

39.6
37.6
39.9
39.9

39.7
39.6
39.5
41.1

39.5
39.2
40.0
37.7

10.45
10.51
10.93
8.25

10.61
10.69
11.01
8.28

10.91
10.90
11.17
8.69

413.82
395.18
436.11
329.18

421.22
423.32
434.90
340.31

430.95
427.28
446.80
327.61

41.4
40.4
40.2
42.8
43.5
40.2
39.5
41.0
40.5
42.9

40.5
39.2
39.3
42.8
42.0
39.5
39.2
40.5
40.3
41.8

40.7
39.4
39.2
43.4
43.3
40.1
39.0
40.9
40.1
41.6

10.37
10.60
8.93
10.73
10.55
9.70
8.59
10.21
11.44
11.41

10.56
10.66
9.18
10.68
10.79
9.96
8.42
10.55
11.62
11.27

10.65
10.64
9.19
10.81
10.78
10.25
8.50
10.71
11.71
11.31

429.32
428.24
358.99
459.24
458.93
389.94
339.31
418.61
463.32
489.49

427.68
417.87
360.77
457.10
453.18
393.42
330.06
427.28
468.29
471.09

433.46
419.22
360.25
469.15
466.77
411.03
331.50
438.04
469.57
470.50

Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

Canton
Cincinnati

Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren..

Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle ....
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

114




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

41.4
39.8
41.0
42.9

41.3
38.7
39.5
41.6

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

39.6
39.7
39.7

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

41.2
38.9
39.5
41.9

$10.85
9.01
9.14
9.94

$11.10
9.22
9.55
10.33

39.2
39.3
38.5

39.5
39.7
38.7

8.63
8.17
8.61

41.7
41.5
41.4
41.8

40.9
40.9
41.2
41.1

41.0
40.8
41.3
41.2

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

42.8
44.3

40.0
44.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.3
43.4
43.7
40.4
43.2
41.7

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Average weekly earnings
Sept.

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

$11.19
9.33
9.58
10.34

$449.19
358.60
374.74
426.43

$458.43
356.81
377.23
429.73

$461.03
362.94
378.41
433.25

9.10
8.77
8.75

9.14
8.80
8.77

341.75
324.35
341.82

356.72
344.66
336.88

361.03
349.36
339.40

8.37
9.25
8.48
8.31

8.68
9.49
8.93
8.68

8.72
9.55
8.96
8.70

349.03
383.88
351.07
347.36

355.01
388.14
367.92
356.75

357.52
389.64
370.05
358.44

42.2
46.3

8.04
8.12

8.10
8.35

8.25
8.48

344.11
359.72

324.00
369.91

348.15
392.62

41.0
42.0
41.9
38.7
42.6
41.2

41.5
41.6
42.1
39.4
44.6
42.0

8.95
8.30
9.49
8.88
9.10
10.46

9.16
8.41
9.58
9.12
9.31
10.17

9.21
8.48
9.77
9.26
9.38
10.28

369.64
360.22
414.71
358.75
393.12
436.18

375.56
353.22
401.40
352.94
396.61
419.00

382.22
352.77
411.32
364.84
418.35
431.76

41.5
42.0
41.9
42.9
39.3

41.5
42.0
40.7
43.4
40.3

41.9
41.8
41.6
44.0
40.8

10.01
9.97
10.71
11.37
7.41

10.24
10.31
11.00
11.89
7.56

10.25
10.36
11.18
11.90
7.52

415.42
418.74
448.75
487.77
291.21

424.96
433.02
447.70
516.03
304.67

429.48
433.05
465.09
523.60
306.82

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.9
41.0

40.3
40.6

39.5
40.6

10.00
9.89

10.23
10.19

10.21
10.04

409.00
405.49

412.27
413.71

403.30
407.62

Vermont
Burlington

41.8
41.3

40.7
40.8

41.2
40.6

9.65
9.99

10.00
10.40

10.00
10.50

403.37
412.59

407.00
424.32

412.00
426.30

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.4
42.6
40.9
41.7
41.5
40.1
41.9
42.7

40.9
41.2
42.8
40.2
41.7
40.4
41.6
40.8

41.3
40.7
42.6
40.9
41.8
41.3
42.3
41.6

9.34
7.72
7.84
8.55
8.76
10.66
12.08
9.48

9.62
7.90
8.14
8.81
9.29
11.10
12.56
9.89

9.70
8.03
8.24
8.58
9.37
11.28
12.88
10.00

386.68
328.87
320.66
356.54
363.54
427.47
506.15
404.80

393.46
325.48
348.39
354.16
387.39
448.44
522.50
403.51

400.61
326.82
351.02
350.92
391.67
465.86
544.82
416.00

Washington

39.5

40.2

11.86

12.18

12.33

468.47

489.64

491.97

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.9
44.2
41.1
42.4
40.5

40.7
43.9
39.8
41.5
40.8

41.2
44.8
39.7
41.9
43.5

10.80
13.77
12.28
12.61
12.02

11.12
14.15
12.57
13.79
12.34

11.38
14.14
12.60
14.15
12.82

441.72
608.63
504.71
534.66
486.81

452.58
621.19
500.29
572.29
503.47

468.86
633.47
500.22
592.89
557.67

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

41.9
43.3
41.9
42.4
40.1
40.0
40.7
42.7
41.9
39.9
42.6

41.3
43.0
43.5
40.2
38.6
42.7
39.8
41.3
41.1
40.7
42.7

42.3
44.1
43.5
41.7
40.3
42.4
41.5
42.4
41.6
40.5
43.6

10.59
11.32
10.73
11.42
12.50
12.74
9.01
9.75
11.57
10.75
10.06

10.65
11.68
10.81
11.21
12.67
11.64
9.63
10.10
11.53
11.08
10.23

10.69
11.83
10.73
11.74
12.46
11.51
9.45
9.95
11.55
11.02
10.22

443.72
490.16
449.59
484.21
501.25
509.60
366.71
416.33
484.78
428.93
428.56

439.85
502.24
470.24
450.64
489.06
497.03
383.27
417.13
473.88
450.96
436.82

452.19
521.70
466.76
489.56
502.14
488.02
392.18
421.88
480.48
446.31
445.59

Wyoming

38.6

38.7

39.0

10.06

10.25

10.36

388.32

396.68

404.04

Puerto Rico

39.4

39.5

39.8

5.61

5.74

5.68

221.03

226.73

226.06

Virgin Islands

41.2

41.6

10.08

10.72

415.30

445.95

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this




publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988
benchmarks. Data for the Virgin Islands for August 1989 are preliminary.

115

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Oct. 1988
to
Oct. 1989P

Aug. 1989
to
Sept. 1989r

Sept. 1989
to
Oct. 1989P

203,934

2.6

0.6

0.6

166,611

167,667

2.5

.2

1,632
10,563
41,876
24,897
16,980
11,419
12,357
29,392
12,749
46,299

1,668
10,458
41,721
24,759
16,962
11,702
12,391
29,463
12,715
46,493

1,691
10,599
41,558
24,611
16,946
11,847
12,475
29,578
12,936
46,984

7.0
3.3
-.4
-1.4
1.1
3.1
3.5
1.4
2.8
5.0

2.2
-1.0
-.4
-.6
-.1
2.5
.3
.2
-.3
.4

1.4
1.3
-.4
-.6
-.1
1.2
.7
.4
1.7
1.1

35,377

36,177

36,266

3.1

2.3

.2

Aug.
1989r

Sept.
1989r

Oct.
1989P

201,666

202,788

166,288

' Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

116




Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted1
(1977 = 100)
Annual average
Item
1987

Quarterly index
1987

1988r

1988

1989
r

IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

111.1
133.4
120.1
191.0
101.9
171.9
166.3
170.0

113.0
140.0
123.9
200.2
102.5
177.1
170.9
174.9

110.0
130.4
118.6
188.3
101.9
171.2
162.6
168.2

110.7
132.2
119.5
189.5
101.4
171.3
166.5
169.6

111.7
134.4
120.3
191.8
101.7
171.6
168.9
170.7

112.5
136.7
121.5
195.1
102.5
173.5
167.2
171.3

113.2
138.2
122.1
196.4
102.3
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.6
139.3
123.8
199.1
102.5
176.9
168.8
174.1

113.4
140.7
124.0
201.9
102.8
178.0
171.8
175.8

113.5
141.9
125.0
204.5
103.0
180.2
173.7
177.9

113.8
143.6
126.2
206.9
102.8
181.9
174.7
179.4

114.2
144.4
126.4
210.4
102.9
184.1
176.3
181.4

114.6
145.4
126.9
212.8
103.5
185.7
176.1
182.3

108.9
133.1
122.2
189.8
101.2
174.2
167.7
172.0

111.1
140.3
126.3
198.7
101.8
178.8
172.2
176.5

107.7
130.0
120.7
187.1
101.3
173.6
164.1
170.3

108.6
132.0
121.5
188.3
100.7
173.4
167.6
171.4

109.5
134.1
122.4
190.5
101.0
173.9
170.3
172.6

110.2
136.4
123.7
193.8
101.8
175.8
168.7
173.4

111.0
138.0
124.3
195.0
101.5
175.7
170.3
173.8

110.5
139.5
126.2
197.5
101.7
178.7
169.8
175.6

111.5
141.1
126.6
200.2
101.9
179.6
172.1
177.0

112.0
142.8
127.5
203.0
102.3
181.3
176.3
179.6

111.6
143.6
128.6
205.5
102.1
184.1
174.6
180.8

111.9
144.6
129.2
208.3
101.9
186.1
176.5
182.8

112.5
145.7
129.5
211.0
102.7
187.6
177.2
184.0

132.9
130.1
97.9
189.2
100.9
142.3

136.5
138.1
101.2
196.0
100.4
143.6

131.5
127.2
96.7
188.8
102.2
143.5

133.3
128.7
96.6
189.0
101.1
141.8

134.3
131.1
97.7
190.4
100.9
141.8

134.7
133.5
99.1
191.7
100.7
142.3

135.5
135.0
99.7
194.3
101.2
143.4

136.3
136.9
100.5
195.3
100.6
143.3

137.8
139.3
101.1
197.4
100.5
143.2

138.6
141.1
101.8
200.2
100.8
144.4

139.4
142.2
102.0
201.9
100.3
144.8

140.7
143.4
101.9
203.2
99.4
144.4

141.2
143.9
101.9
206.2
100.3
146.0

139.5
136.0
97.5
187.4
100.0
134.3

142.8
145.0
101.5
192.6
98.7
134.9

138.7
133.3
96.1
188.3
102.0
135.8

140.3
134.2
95.7
187.8
100.5
133.9

141.1
136.5
96.7
188.9
100.2
133.9

141.8
139.9
98.6
189.8

99.7
133.8

142.5
141.3
99.2
192.6
100.3
135.2

143.3
144.0
100.5
192.4
99.1
134.3

144.4
146.4
101.4
193.9
98.7
134.3

144.9
148.3
102.3
196.9
99.2
135.9

145.6
149.1
102.4
198.8
98.8
136.5

147.7
150.3
101.7
199.6
97.7
135.1

148.4
150.3
101.3
202.8
98.7
136.7

123.2
121.4
98.6
192.5
102.7
156.2

127.0
127.8
100.6
201.8
103.4
158.9

121.0
118.0
97.6
189.9
102.8
156.9

123.1
120.5
97.9
191.5
102.5
155.6

124.3
123.1
99.0
193.3
102.5
155.5

124.3
124.0
99.8
195.2
102.6
157.0

125.1
125.6
100.4
197.5
102.9
157.8

125.9
126.4
100.4
200.5
103.3
159.3

128.0
128.8
100.6
203.4
103.5
158.9

129.0
130.3
101.0
205.7
103.6
159.4

130.0
131.8
101.3
207.2
103.0
159.3

130.3
133.1
102.2
209.7
102.6
160.9

130.7
134.2
102.7
212.5
103.4
162.6

112.1
135.3
120.8
186.1
99.3
171.2
166.1
186.4
123.0
165.4

114.7
143.5
125.1
194.1
99.4
174.6
169.3
190.3
128.8
169.1

110.4
131.5
119.1
183.7
99.4
171.0
166.3
185.0
118.1
164.7

111.6
133.9
120.0
184.8
98.9
170.8
165.5
186.3
122.5
165.0

113.0
136.9
121.1
186.9
99.1
170.8
165.3
186.9
129.3
165.8

113.5
138.9
122.4
189.5
99.6
172.1
167.0
187.2
122.0
166.1

114.6
141.2
123.2
190.9
99.4
171.9
166.6
187.8
127.0
166.5

114.7
142.8
124.5
193.1
99.5
173.6
168.4
188.9
129.1
168.2

115.1
144.3
125.4
195.5
99.5
175.2
169.9
191.0
127.5
169.5

114.9
145.4
126.5
197.8
99.6
177.5
172.1
193.3
131.6
172.0

114.5
145.8
127.4
200.2
99.5
180.4
174.9
196.9
119.6
173.1

114.5
146.5
128.0
202.8
99.3
182.9
177.1
200.1
116.6
175.0

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

* This table shows revisions in hours which reflect the incorporation of
the 1988 Hours at Work Survey. Also affected are series which depend
on the hours measure-productivity, hourly compensation, real hourly
compensation, and, to a lesser extent, unit labor costs and unit nonlabor
payments.




2

Not available.
= preliminary.
=revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
p

117

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates1
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item
1988r

1988r

IV
1988r

I
1989r

-2.1
3.3
5.5
5.7
1.1
8.0
-.2
5.1

3.1
4.0
.9
5.8
1.0
2.6
7.1
4.1

0.2
3.4
3.2
5.2
.7
5.0
4.6
4.8

-1.6
4.4
6.1
5.4
.8
7.1
-1.0
4.3

3.3
4.6
1.2
5.4
.7
2.0
5.4
3.2

2.5
5.8
3.2
2.2
-2.3
-.3

Same quarter, previous year
1989r

1989P

1988r

1988r

IV
1988r

1989r

1989r

1989P

1.1
4.8
3.7
4.8
-.6
3.7
2.4
3.3

1.6
2.3
.6
6.8

.4
5.1
3.5
4.6

1.2
3.0
1.7
4.8
2.3
3.5
-.4
2.1

1.7
5.4
3.6
5.1
1.1
3.3
1.4
2.6

1.5
4.7
3.1
5.3
1.1
3.7
1.7
3.0

0.9
3.8
2.9
4.8
.4
3.9
3.9
3.9

0.5
3.9
3.3
5.4
.6
4.8
3.4
4.3

1.5
3.6
2.1
5.6
.4
4.1
4.4
4.2

1.0
3.4
2.3
5.4
.7
4.3
2.5
3.7

1.9
4.8
2.8
5.9
1.4
3.8
10.1
5.9

-1.3
2.4
3.7
4.9
-.5
6.2

1.1
2.8
1.7
5.6
-.7
4.5
4.2
4.4

2.1
3.1
1.0
5.3
2.9
3.2
1.6
2.6

1.8
5.7
3.8
4.9
1.0
3.1
1.3
2.5

1.7
5.2
3.4
5.1
.9
3.3
1.1
2.5

1.6
4.7
3.0
4.8
.4
3.1
4.5
3.6

4.1
3.5
5.4
.6
4.8
2.6
4.0

1.3
3.7
2.4
5.5
.2
4.1
3.9
4.1

.9
3.3
2.3
5.4
.7
4.4
2.9
3.9

4.7
7.1
2.4
4.3
-.4
-.3

2.2
5.1
2.9
5.7
1.2
3.5

2.4
3.1
.7
3.5

3.7
3.5
-.2
2.7
-3.5
-1.0

1.4
1.3
-.1
6.0
3.5
4.5

2.3
6.4
4.0
3.4
-.5
1.1

2.7
6.2
3.5
3.7
-.4
1.0

2.9
5.6
2.7
4.4
.1
1.5

2.9
5.3
2.3
3.9
-.8
1.0

3.2
4.7
1.4
4.0
-1.1
.8

2.4
3.3
.8
4.5
-.2
2.0

2.3
7.7
5.3
-.4
-4.8
-2.6

3.2
6.8
3.4
3.3
-1.3
.1

1.5
5.3
3.8
6.3
1.8
4.8

5.9
3.2
-2.5

-1.5
1.8

1.7
-4.4
-4.0

1.7
.1
-1.6
6.6
4.1
4.7

2.1
7.3
5.0
2.4
-1.4
.3

2.3
7.2
4.8
2.6
-1.4
.3

2.2
6.0
3.7
3.8
-.5
1.5

2.2
5.5
3.2
3.2
-1.5
1.0

3.1
4.4
1.2
3.8
-1.4
.6

2.7
2.7
.0
4.6
-.1
1.8

2.5
2.7
.2
6.2
1.6
3.7

6.9
7.7

3.3
4.7
1.4
2.9
-2.4
-.4

.7
4.0
3.3
4.9
-1.4
4.2

1.2
3.3
2.1
5.5
3.0
4.2

2.3
4.9
2.6
4.7
.8
2.4

2.9
4.6
1.6
5.2
1.0
2.2

3.8
5.0
1.2
5.4
1.0
1.5

3.9
5.0

-1.0

3.2
4.8
1.6
4.6
.1
1.4

.9

3.5
5.3
1.8
4.6
-.6
1.0

2.1
4.2
2.1
4.5
-.2
2.3

1.3
4.3
2.9
4.9
.2
3.9
3.6
4.6
-4.7
3.1

-.4
3.2
3.6
4.8
.4
5.2
5.3
4.9
13.3
5.9

-1.7
1.0
2.7
4.9
-.5
6.9
6.6
7.5
-31.7
2.8

2.0
1.8
5.4
-.9
5.7
5.3
6.7
-9.7
4.3

2.8
6.6
3.8
4.5
.6
1.6
1.7
1.4
5.4
2.0

1.8
5.4
3.5
4.6
.4
2.6
2.8
2.2
-1.3
2.2

1.3
4.7
3.4
4.4
.0
3.1
3.1
3.3
7.9
3.5

-.1
3.2
3.4
4.9
.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
-5.8
4.0

-.2
2.6
2.8
5.0
-.2
5.4
5.2
5.9
-9.7
4.0

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

-3.7
2.8

Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

-1.9

1.0

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

1.9
2.2
.3
3.8

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs

.8
5.8
1.0

1.0
4.9
.1

Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour.
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour..
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

.4
4.6
4.2
4.9
.3
3.9
4.5
2.5
6.8
4.2

' This table shows revisions in hours which reflect the incorporation of
the 1988 Hours at Work Survey. Also affected are series which depend
on the hours measure-productivity, hourly compensation, real hourly
compensation, and, to a lesser extent, unit labor costs and unit nonlabor
payments.

118




2

.1

()
O
2

()

0
2

Not available.
= preliminary.
=revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

p

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

1,888.0
441.1
134.2
207.2
136.3
70.5

1,954.6
453.6
140.1
212.9
139.8
72.5

Sept.
1989P

1,956.6
456.3
140.6
212.1
139.9
74.1

Sept.
1988

129.5
25.8
6.7
18.4
8.3
3.8

Aug.
1989

148.6
29.4
7.8
19.3
10.4
3.9

Sept.
1989?

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

134.7
26.7
6.9
17.4
9.2
3.5

6.9
5.8
5.0
8.9
6.1
5.4

7.6
6.5
5.6
9.0
7.4
5.4

6.9
5.8
4.9
8.2
6.5
4.7

242.2

249.8

241.8

21.0

14.7

17.6

8.7

5.9

7.3

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,679.6
1,043.3
316.9

1,717.3
1,066.7
324.5

1,704.9
1,054.6
322.7

116.8
59.4
17.8

109.6
54.0
17.0

99.7
51.2
17.0

7.0
5.7
5.6

6.4
5.1
5.2

5.8
4.9
5.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,121.3
62.1
92.8
263.7
37.6

1,170.6
64.2
93.5
276.5
39.2

1,153.0
63.7
91.5
272.3
38.6

77.4
2.6
6.4
15.7
3.0

69.9
1.9
6.7
15.3
2.6

63.9
1.8
6.3
14.6
2.3

6.9
4.1
6.9
6.0
8.0

6.0
3.0
7.2
5.5
6.5

5.5
2.8
6.9
5.4
6.0

13,999.0
1,344.4
226.3
335.9
4,061.5
163.2
1,064.8
350.5
930.4
706.8
1,125.6
873.9
835.1
177.1
195.5
203.0
194.0

14,455.4
1,393.0
231.2
323.3
4,174.8
172.4
1,117.4
370.1
958.7
742.1
1,179.1
905.7
859.4
181.0
199.6
201.3
204.9

14,409.5
1,381.7
231.1
342.2
4,146.8
170.0
1,119.0
365.2
959.9
735.6
1,172.5
900.2
846.1
180.3
205.5
201.0
204.9

701.1
40.9
21.5
27.4
194.2
14.9
47.5
19.6
57.3
34.9
48.9
30.7
31.2
7.5
8.3
15.7
9.9

673.9
39.8
20.6
24.9
185.7
13.1
45.4
20.3
59.3
31.7
45.5
28.9
30.4
6.8
7.9
14.2
9.8

714.9
44.5
23.6
26.3
195.9
13.8
47.0
20.7
61.4
35.2
49.1
29.3
32.1
7.5
8.3
15.1
9.9

5.0
3.0
9.5
8.2
4.8
9.1
4.5
5.6
6.2
4.9
4.3
3.5
3.7
4.2
4.2
7.8
5.1

4.7
2.9
8.9
7.7
4.4
7.6
4.1
5.5
6.2
4.3
3.9
3.2
3.5
3.7
4.0
7.1
4.8

5.0
3.2
10.2
7.7
4.7
8.1
4.2
5.7
6.4
4.8
4.2
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.0
7.5
4.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,682.3
131.6
871.8

1,687.8
129.4
869.8

1,675.7
130.3
863.5

87.0
5.4
43.4

83.7
5.0
42.0

71.3
4.3
35.3

5.2
4.1
5.0

5.0
3.9
4.8

4.3
3.3
4.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,770.5
233.7
428.4
73.5
278.1
116.9
101.6

1,831.8
239.1
442.5
74.6
292.7
121.5
104.8

1,785.2
234.7
430.3
73.1
286.5
117.1
102.2

47.2
8.0
10.6
2.1
7.3
2.1
3.3

67.9
11.5
14.9
3.3
10.6
3.0
4.9

61.0
10.4
12.7
2.8
9.8
3.0
4.5

2.7
3.4
2.5
2.9
2.6
1.8
3.3

3.7
4.8
3.4
4.4
3.6
2.5
4.7

3.4
4.4
3.0
3.8
3.4
2.6
4.4

349.4
299.5

366.2
304.9

362.4
305.0

10.5
10.9

11.6
10.6

11.7
11.3

3.0
3.7

3.2
3.5

3.2
3.7

District of Columbia
Washington

335.1
2,189.5

331.0
2,310.6

326.7
2,282.0

18.6
69.9

16.4
61.3

15.9
64.2

5.5
3.2

5.0
2.7

4.9
2.8

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6,134.7
152.7
636.0
141.7
466.5
186.5
949.8
588.2
151.3
122.6
130.7
993.6
409.5

6,309.9
156.8
648.6
148.7
470.2
194.1
975.3
604.6
149.8
126.7
133.4
1,017.4
431.7

6,197.8
152.3
634.6
145.6
464.5
189.1
954.2
596.7
147.1
123.1
132.1
996.3
426.9

310.5
6.6
25.5
5.7
24.8
8.1
50.6
26.6
9.8
4.2
4.5
43.6
23.0

342.1
7.8
31.1
5.5
23.2
9.8
59.1
27.9
8.4
4.2
6.3
46.7
27.4

355.0
7.7
32.8
5.8
24.9
9.5
60.2
30.9
8.8
4.6
5.7
49.6
26.8

5.1
4.3
4.0
4.0
5.3
4.3
5.3
4.5
6.5
3.5
3.5
4.4
5.6

5.4
4.9
4.8
3.7
4.9
5.0
6.1
4.6
5.6
3.3
4.7
4.6
6.3

5.7
5.1
5.2
4.0
5.4
5.0
6.3
5.2
6.0
3.7
4.3
5.0
6.3

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.




119

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

3,231.4
74.2
1,529.1
183.2
103.1
133.4
115.8

3,288.3
76.7
1,551.1
184.9
103.5
135.4
114.6

3,288.5
77.1
1,554.4
184.3
104.0
135.8
114.6

183.5
3.2
83.2
11.1
6.6
6.2
6.9

184.8
3.3
82.1
9.7
5.7
6.6
6.1

202.9
4.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

510.1
376.1

534.6
393.2

523.7
385.8

14.5
9.6

Idaho
Boise City

474.9
101.8

482.9
107.2

473.6
104.3

5,772.3
179.8
69.3
88.0
3,185.6
179.5
57.7
192.5
43.7
280.6
155.5
146.5
108.5

5,984.7
189.1
72.0
88.2
3,299.3
181.3
59.8
197.4
45.7
294.4
162.7
152.1
117.5

5,974.1
189.1
74.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,822.9
59.9
63.0
96.7
144.1
199.1
257.0
676.7
68.1
61.2
132.9
59.4

2,931.3
61.3
68.3
101.8
149.0
208.8
268.1
708.3
65.9
59.5
135.5
60.2

2,907.2
61.0
70.2
99.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,507.1
94.9
231.6
44.1
59.9
70.4

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.

10.4
6.6
7.6
6.5

5.7
4.2
5.4
6.0
6.4
4.7
6.0

5.6
4.4
5.3
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.3

6.2
5.6
5.7
5.6
6.4
5.6
5.7

9.7
6.5

11.6
8.0

2.8
2.6

1.8
1.7

2.2
2.1

20.4
3.0

23.6
3.2

18.8
3.1

4.3
3.0

4.9
3.0

4.0
3.0

310.3
7.4
2.8
2.7

347.5
9.3
2.7
3.4

330.4
9.1
2.6

164.3
11.4
3.9
10.6
3.3
9.4
8.3
8.1
4.6

184.6

179.4
11.3
4.1
11.3
3.0
10.4
8.7
8.2
4.8

5.4
4.1
4.0
3.0
5.2
6.3
6.8
5.5
7.7
3.3
5.4
5.5
4.3

5.8
4.9
3.7
3.8
5.6
6.0
7.3
6.3
7.0
3.6
5.8
5.9
4.2

5.5
4.8
3.4
3.4
5.5
6.3
7.0
5.7
6.7
3.5
5.4
5.5
4.2

121.6
3.4
2.0
4.8
6.4
8.5
11.8
24.2
1.8
2.6
5.4
2.5

135.8

696.6
69.0
62.4
135.9
61.6

148.2
3.6
2.0
3.4
8.3
9.3
15.7
33.0
1.7
3.9
6.8
3.5

1.8
5.0
7.1
10.2
13.5
27.4
2.1
3.0
6.1
2.7

5.3
6.0
3.2
3.5
5.8
4.7
6.1
4.9
2.5
6.3
5.1
5.9

4.1
5.5
3.0
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.4
3.4
2.8
4.3
4.0
4.2

4.7
4.8
2.5
5.0
4.8
5.0
5.0
3.9
3.0
4.9
4.5
4.3

1,516.7
95.0
233.4
43.5
60.5
69.1

1,493.9
94.3
231.1
43.3
59.1
70.7

57.0
3.0
8.4
1.9
2.7
3.2

60.4
2.9
7.5
4.2
2.6
3.1

58.8
3.6
8.8
2.1
2.3
3.6

3.8
3.1
3.6
4.3
4.4
4.5

4.0
3.1
3.2
9.6
4.3
4.5

3.9
3.8
3.8
4.8
3.8
5.1

1,264.0
90.6
251.6

1,280.3
91.8
259.8

1,260.1

59.3
4.5
12.7

52.4
4.3
11.3

54.1
4.5
11.3

4.7
5.0
5.1

4.1
4.7
4.4

4.3
5.0
4.4

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,710.4
195.5
502.0
43.8

1,762.7
205.5
526.1
44.7

1,722.7

111.4
7.5

99.3
7.0
27.7
2.8

93.6
5.9

6.5
3.8
5.4
7.1

5.6
3.4
5.3
6.2

5.4
2.9
7.4
4.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,909.6
59.7
271.5
68.6
99.7
68.4
593.1
161.3

1,907.7
60.1
267.7
69.8
99.7
67.8
600.7
155.7

1,917.3
60.5
271.5
69.1
99.7
68.4
602.7

158.7
5.2
20.0
5.4

10.4
9.4
9.2

6.9

145.5
4.6
17.5
4.7
6.5

158.4

55.8
16.2

5.1
46.0
13.3

4.8
43.8
12.8

10.0

8.3
8.6
7.5
7.8
6.9
7.6
7.7
8.5

7.6
7.6
6.4
6.8
6.5
7.0
7.3
8.1

603.5
40.9
127.8

629.2
41.3
134.4

625.2
42.2
134.0

16.0
1.4
2.0

19.1
1.8
2.8

19.3
1.9
2.8

2.6
3.3
1.5

3.0
4.4
2.1

3.1
4.5
2.1

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins

Savannah

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet

Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

120




92.2
3,284.7

179.2
59.7
197.5
45.5
297.8
160.5
149.9
113.4

146.9
205.5
267.1

89.7
256.8
200.8
519.1
43.3

Sept.
1988

26.9
3.1
197.8
5.6
25.0

6.8
9.3
6.7

Aug.
1989

10.9
4.4
12.4
3.2

10.7
9.4
8.9
4.9

Sept.
1989?

88.8

3.1

2.9

38.2
2.0

10.0
9.3
9.8
9.4

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989p

Maryland
Baltimore

2,449.2
1,176.9

2,566.8
1,223.1

2,541.6
1,211.0

109.6
57.7

99.5
53.0

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,125.3
1,539.3
98.3
76.2
46.3
186.6
150.8
85.4
40.2
248.1
219.4

3,243.1
1,583.7
103.3
77.9
47.9
193.0
158.1
88.4
42.3
254.6
232.9

3,111.9
1,521.4
99.9
75.1
46.2
187.5
152.2
85.0
39.7
245.3
224.2

93.9
41.2
3.4
3.4
1.8
7.9
5.2
3.4
1.9

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,611.3
163.8
64.8
79.1
2,208.0
192.8
365.0
65.9
119.2
242.9
69.5
186.1

4,766.5
164.5
66.8
82.0
2,280.6
193.4
377.6
68.8
120.2
247.0
70.9
192.2

4,688.9
164.8
66.0
79.8
2,245.2
191.5
372.5
67.5
121.3
243.8
69.9
190.5

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,330.5
105.4
1,386.2
61.3
95.0

2,382.0
107.7
1,434.9
63.1
94.3

2,353.3
106.8
1,407.8
62.1
94.4

5.7

5.5

46.4

1,144.1
198.2

1,171.3
204.9

2,595.5
841.6
1,256.5
125.2

1

Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989p

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

103.4
54.6

4.5
4.9

3.9
4.3

4.1
4.5

126.2
55.3

133.8
57.7

4.9
4.3

5.4
4.7
2.7

3.0
2.7
3.5
4.4
3.9
4.2
3.5
4.0
4.8
3.0
2.6

3.9
3.5
4.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
4.5
5.1
3.9
4.1
3.8

4.3
3.8
5.4

6.6
3.6
6.1
6.2
6.8

6.7
4.4

Aug.
1989

2.7
10.4

11.5

7.1
4.5
1.7

7.8
4.9
1.7

7.6
5.8

10.3

10.9

8.8

9.4

306.2
5.9
4.0

317.0
7.2

349.5

6.3
5.9
6.1
5.2
5.7
4.4
4.4
4.2

7.5

4.9

4.5
5.7

8.0
5.0
6.7

151.2
25.6
16.6

159.8
18.0
18.7

178.3
18.8
19.3

4.4

4.5
5.7

4.8

6.6

6.3
14.7
7.3
13.8

4.6

5.1
8.0
6.3

7.0
7.0
9.3
5.0
6.5
4.8
5.1
8.4
6.5

51.6

95.3
5.7
54.0

1.5
3.9

1.7
3.7

3.7

3.6
5.4
3.3
2.5
4.1

3.9
5.1
3.6
2.6
3.9

4.1
5.4
3.8
2.9
3.9

1,167.4
205.1

108.7
13.3

85.8
10.6

83.0
10.3

9.5
6.7

7.3
5.2

7.1
5.0

2,634.6
855.8
1,276.4
126.4

2,634.7
845.0
1,268.4
127.6

134.4
43.6
66.6

125.3
37.3
63.6
5.1

5.2
5.2
5.3
4.1

4.8
4.4

5.2

135.7
40.7
65.6
5.8

4.0

5.1
4.8
5.2
4.5

5.5
12.3

12.6

5.6

5.9

11.7

12.5

84.9

93.0

1.8

13.3
4.5

6.7

5.0

4.9
7.6
8.5
7.9
9.8
5.2
7.1
5.2
6.0

10.4
7.2

Montana

402.4

412.0

401.9

22.9

20.4

20.4

5.7

5.0

5.1

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

818.7
127.5
325.6

825.1
125.6
327.4

811.0
126.6
322.5

26.0

25.3

23.3

3.1

3.1

2.9

12.0

11.2

3.1
2.5
3.7

2.9
2.3

11.8

3.2
2.4
3.6

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

595.5
347.2
142.7

601.4
351.6
141.2

599.6
352.3
139.4

25.4
16.3

27.4
17.0

30.1
18.1

4.3

4.5

4.7

4.8

5.0
5.1

5.1

5.6

6.4

3.6

4.0

4.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...

611.7
85.3
99.3
134.6

639.6
86.5
100.1
139.1

626.8
85.6
99.1
134.0

15.1

22.8

25.1

2.0
3.3
2.2

2.9
4.1
3.7

3.4
4.9
3.8

2.5
2.3
3.3
1.6

3.6
3.3
4.1
2.7

4.0
3.9
5.0
2.8

3,941.0
183.6
709.8
269.1
557.1
476.2
939.1
170.7
57.4

4,034.6
197.4
721.8
272.1
575.5
503.1
954.7
170.4
58.8

3,973.6
187.0
718.1
271.3
564.8
484.3
945.6
170.3
58.1

133.7

170.9

170.9

3.4
3.9
3.0

4.2
4.2
3.8
6.6
3.3

4.3
4.8
4.0
6.7
3.0
3.9
4.6
3.5
6.6

692.4
266.7
56.1
66.4

695.1
267.0
57.3
67.8

693.3
264.1
57.1
66.3

New Jersey1
Atlantic City

Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

7.1

8.2

9.0

21.3
15.4
13.4
14.2
33.9

27.5
17.9
19.2
18.6
45.3

28.5
18.3
16.9
18.9
43.9

4.4
3.4

6.1
3.8

6.0
3.8

50.4
15.5
4.0
3.0

45.9
14.5

42.3
12.9

3.9
2.4

3.6
2.5

5.7
2.4

3.0

3.7

3.6
2.6
5.9

4.7
3.6
6.4

7.3
5.8
7.2
4.6

6.6
5.4
6.9
3.5

3.5

6.1
4.9

6.3
3.7

See footnotes at end of table.




121

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,512.6
421.0
127.5
451.8
41.9
1,424.5
3,902.6
3,224.6
133.6
129.0
502.7
315.4
137.3

8,734.3
440.7
127.9
463.3
44.2
1,459.1
3,979.2
3,282.1
139.3
131.4
516.9
319.4
140.2

8,595.0

3,922.1
3,243.4
135.8
129.2
507.0
316.9
137.8

182.6

162.6
4.7
3.3
16.7
12.0
5.5

184.3
6.7
3.8
20.2

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,352.4
88.3
635.1
523.8
402.8

3,484.0
93.1
669.6
529.8
419.2

3,445.4
90.8
660.3
527.1

103.9
14.2

21.1
18.5

416.0

9.3

328.4
45.6
83.7
34.8

341.3
48.5
86.9
36.0

330.8
47.2
85.6
35.2

14.0
1.8
2.1
1.4

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,286.8
324.8
188.0
760.7
921.6
703.2
467.3
309.4
222.0

5,517.2
335.6
198.7
806.8
964.5
742.2
486.5
321.3
228.8

5,460.3
336.5
196.2
799.4
951.4
734.3
486.0
323.4
227.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,534.0
28.4
48.4
500.2
342.2

1,555.9
29.0
50.5
501.0
354.0

1,526.1
27.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,411.4
140.0
635.6
133.9

1,452.8
143.0
658.9
140.7

1,419.9
141.4
644.8
134.6

Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

5,881.0
330.8
61.1
61.2
132.9
326.7
95.8
222.9
2,438.7
979.6
177.4
363.7
60.5
222.3

5,919.1
334.6
61.8
59.5
134.3
334.0
98.7
227.2
2,447.7
985.0
179.0
368.4
60.9
224.8

5,862.4
333.6
61.2
59.5
133.6
332.1

532.8
168.0
346.6

534.5
168.9
345.8

1,677.4
229.0
234.3
339.1
358.7
39.4
73.9

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

122




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

432.9
127.3
458.8
43.4
1,431.3

48.9
490.3
346.2

96.7
224.1
2,414.5
980.3
179.3
361.4
60.6
222.5

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.

4.2
3.3
3.4
4.6
3.6
3.4
4.7
5.0
3.5
2.6
3.3
3.8
4.0

4.8
3.8
4.1
5.7
3.8
4.4
5.3
5.6
4.8
2.9
3.9
4.0
4.1

5.2
4.0
4.7
5.7
5.1
4.6
5.8
6.2
5.4
3.4
4.1
4.3
4.7

10.6

21.4
17.7
11.2

3.1
2.4
3.0
2.7
2.3

3.5
2.8
3.2
3.5
2.5

3.5
3.2
3.2
3.4
2.7

13.6
1.8
2.3
1.8

13.9
2.1
2.2
1.4

4.3
4.0
2.5
4.1

4.0
3.6
2.6
4.9

4.2
4.4
2.6
4.1

301.7
17.9
11.5
36.5
47.9
32.8
24.0
17.7
15.6

260.6
15.0
11.0
32.0
39.9
29.4
21.2
16.5
13.4

268.6
15.4
11.1
32.1
41.7
31.5
22.2
18.0
13.9

5.7
5.5
6.1
4.8
5.2
4.7
5.1
5.7
7.0

4.7
4.5
5.6
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.4
5.1
5.9

4.9
4.6
5.7
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.6
5.6
6.1

95.7
1.4
2.7
26.5
23.3

76.4
1.1

78.4

17.5

18.5

6.2
5.1
5.6
5.3
6.8

4.9
3.9
4.1
4.2
5.0

5.1
4.2
4.4
4.5
5.3

73.9
8.2

26.7
6.1

69.0
6.7
26.6
6.3

66.7
6.9
26.6
5.9

5.2
5.8
4.2
4.5

4.8
4.7
4.0
4.5

4.7
4.9
4.1
4.4

297.3
13.5
3.9
5.5
7.4

233.0
12.4
3.1
3.9
5.5

236.9
13.5
3.1
3.6
5.9

13.9
6.2
7.6

10.5
6.5

12.7
6.0
6.1

5.1
4.1
6.3
9.0
5.6
4.2
6.5
3.4
4.3
5.6
4.1
5.6
5.1
4.2

3.9
3.7
5.0
6.5
4.1
3.2
6.5
2.6
3.6
4.0
2.9
4.6
4.7
4.3

4.0
4.1
5.0
6.0
4.4
3.8
6.2
2.7
3.8
3.9
3.3
4.8
4.9
3.5

Sept.
1988

354.0
14.0
4.3
20.7

1.5
47.7

2.1
19.3

104.2

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

421.5

447.8

16.6
5.3
26.6
1.7
63.5
209.9

5.8

17.5
6.0
26.1
2.2
65.3
227.3
200.4
7.3
4.3
20.6
13.7
6.5

121.4
2.6

120.9
2.9

12.6

2.1
21.2

5.9
89.3

1.2
2.2
22.3

92.1

55.1
7.3
20.4
3.1
9.4

38.9
5.3

17.0
2.9
9.6

38.2
5.9
17.4
3.0
7.7

527.9
166.2
343.8

18.0
6.9
11.2

19.4
8.0
12.1

21.0
8.5
13.3

3.4
4.1
3.2

3.6
4.7
3.5

4.0
5.1
3.9

1,737.8
240.6
244.2
349.9

1,740.5
238.9
245.4
355.0

74.6
9.4
7.9
11.8

75.5
9.0
8.2
12.0

87.3
10.1
9.3
14.3

4.4
4.1
3.4
3.5

4.3
3.8
3.3
3.4

5.0
4.2
3.8
4.0

370.4
41.3
73.2

365.4
40.3
73.4

13.5
2.0
2.9

15.6
1.8
2.2

14.3
1.5
2.3

3.8
5.0
3.9

4.2
4.4
3.0

3.9
3.8
3.1

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989?

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,358.5
213.5
214.4
287.9
447.9
522.9

2,391.6
217.8
216.8
287.4
456.4
519.5

2,377.6
216.3
213.7
282.5
457.5
519.1

136.0
12.3
11.3
14.4
23.3
23.5

119.4
10.4
9.7
15.4
20.1
19.6

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

8,340.5
54.0
100.1
429.1
163.4
83.5
98.5
58.4
157.6
1,467.4
248.6
692.6
107.9
1,626.8
96.3
47.6
80.2
114.6
151.1
49.7
53.4
45.6
611.6
49.4
57.2
74.5
36.3
93.3
57.7

8,452.3
53.7
99.6
421.7
165.4
86.1
102.9
59.1
160.5
1,474.1
248.5
708.2
109.4
1,681.7
98.2
49.5
81.4
116.2
153.3
49.5
52.6
44.8
615.1
48.1
58.5
75.8
37.1
94.5
57.6

8,265.6
53.4
98.3
421.2
161.5
84.1
98.3

591.0
3.2

609.7
3.7
5.8
25.3
15.3
6.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

777.2
110.1
506.9

Vermont
Burlington

Sept.
1988

5.9
24.9
16.2
6.4
12.1
2.5

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989P

90.8
9.1
7.7
11.1
16.2
15.9

5.8
5.8
5.3
5.0
5.2
4.5

5.0
4.8
4.5
5.3
4.4
3.8

3.8
4.2
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.1

521.0
3.2
5.6

7.1
5.9
5.9
5.8
9.9
7.6

7.2
7.0
5.9
6.0
9.2
7.4

12.3
4.4
9.0
5.7

13.3
4.8
8.9
6.0
10.7
6.5
7.6
6.5
7.6

Sept.
1989P

5.1
25.9
2.8
4.0
2.6
41.9
2.6
3.5
5.1
2.1
4.9
3.2

11.4
6.1
8.5
6.5
7.8
12.1
8.3
5.0
17.6
5.6
7.6
6.1
7.9
7.0
7.8
7.6
6.8
6.5
6.0

11.3
8.9
5.6
17.6
6.8
9.3
6.1
7.9
5.8
7.0
7.4
6.5
6.7
6.5

6.3
6.1
5.7
5.2
7.9
6.6
11.3
3.9
7.7
5.2
9.7
5.4
7.1
5.6
6.7
10.4
7.9
4.5
17.1
5.8
7.7
5.8
7.0
5.5
6.1
6.9
5.7
5.3
5.7

21.7
12.7
5.5
11.1
2.3
12.1
75.6

600.9
47.4
57.5
74.4
36.4

106.4
7.5
5.7
6.6
5.8
26.6
2.8
4.1
2.8
48.4
3.5
4.5
5.6
2.5

91.9
56.3

6.0
3.5

13.7
2.8
14.2
89.1
26.7
46.0
8.3
108.5
7.5
5.6
7.2
6.5
27.0
3.3
4.9
2.7
48.7
2.8
4.1
5.6
2.4
6.4
3.7

793.2
110.7
518.6

804.2
114.7
523.1

35.2
4.2
22.8

31.4
4.2
19.5

29.2
3.7
18.7

4.5
3.8
4.5

4.0
3.8
3.8

3.6
3.3
3.6

294.3
74.3

307.1
76.3

303.9
76.0

6.4
1.4

11.0
2.3

10.1
2.0

2.2
1.8

3.6
3.0

3.3
2.7

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,090.6
67.7
53.1
70.3
614.9
444.3
121.8

3,215.1
67.2
53.9
72.8
632.9
467.9
124.4

3,172.0
67.0
54.7

127.7

2.1
3.7
3.2
31.2

96.0
1.6
2.5
2.5
22.4

121.3

17.2
5.3

13.6
3.4

117.6
1.7
3.5
3.9
28.5
15.7
3.8

4.1
3.2
6.9
4.6
5.1
3.9
4.4

3.0
2.4
4.6
3.4
3.5
2.9
2.7

3.7
2.5
6.5
5.4
4.6
3.4
3.1

Washington
Seattle

2,312.0
1,020.0

2,425.8
1,096.2

2,382.3
1,071.7

131.7
46.6

131.5
45.5

124.9
46.4

5.7
4.6

5.4
4.1

5.2
4.3

733.0
113.8
124.1
69.8
70.4

774.0
122.0
131.2
74.9
74.2

770.4
120.8
129.2
73.6
73.2

70.6
10.1
4.8
5.4

57.1
6.8
7.6
4.0
3.9

62.2
7.6
7.2
4.4
4.1

9.6
8.9
7.8
6.9
7.6

7.4
5.6
5.8
5.4
5.2

8.1
6.3
5.5
6.0
5.6

2,589.3
173.3
72.9
107.4
73.3
57.6
57.6
222.4
765.1
90.0
61.6

2,636.3
174.9
73.2
111.8
74.1
54.0
59.6
226.4
778.8
94.1
64.2

2,633.0
175.7
74.5

94.0
64.0

90.2
5.8
2.4
3.9
2.6
2.1
1.8
5.6
26.4
3.4
2.1

101.1
6.1
2.5
4.0
4.8
4.1
1.8
5.7
28.9
4.6
2.3

107.5
7.2
2.7
4.5
3.9
4.6
2.0
5.8
31.2
4.7
2.6

3.5
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.2
2.5
3.4
3.8
3.4

3.8
3.5
3.5
3.6
6.5
7.6
3.1
2.5
3.7
4.9
3.6

4.1
4.1
3.7
4.0
5.3
8.4
3.3
2.6
4.0
5.0
4.1

231.6

226.1

222.8

12.9

13.5

12.5

5.6

6.0

5.6

Waco
Wichita Falls

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
1

Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1988 have been




59.9
156.9
1,442.9
245.7
685.7
105.1
1,641.8
95.8

49.0
78.9
114.6
151.6
48.6
51.5
44.4

73.1
624.0
460.4

112.0
73.6
54.8
60.2
225.6
776.1

14.2
83.0
28.2
42.0

9.1

9.6

23.9
36.8
7.5
92.7
6.4
5.1
6.2

benchmarked to 1988 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1989 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.

123

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since eac:. person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or no* in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than cue job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed al* civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
125

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

126




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census, BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the emvacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
States are also included in the employed total.
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Cur- worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
rent Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign counThese monthly surveys of the population are conducted
tries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are inonly activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
terviewed to obtain information about the employment starepairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
tus of each member of the household 16 years of age and
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenUnemployed persons are all civilians who had no employdar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
ment during the survey week, were available for work, exof the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
cept for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be clasare excluded from the population and labor force statistics
sified as unemployed.
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
(through the current survey week) during which persons clasforce," and "total employment." are obtained from the
sified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
Department of Defense.
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
more during which a person was employed or ceased lookinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
ing for work is considered to break the continuity of the
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reapresent period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
sons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
weeks of unemployment.
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be comgroups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment endmon with the same month a year earlier.
ed involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are perThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
sons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
as follows:
of these four«categories of the unemployed may be expressed
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the suras an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
vey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemown business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
ployment rate for all civilian workers.
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
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specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the ' 'other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
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time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

129

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in ' 'The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-SI-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
130




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in " Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
131

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo132




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ..
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

Number of sample
areas

68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729

Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




133

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the ''inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
D-^a on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
134




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys,'' by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
135

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration, Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present...
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

136




.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction...
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 ..
100 .
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
-

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
_

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
_

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104\
109
108
74

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
-

12
16
32
35

Total
or
I ULCll vJl
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

137

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
1

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
-

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
-

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
_

Black, 16 to
19 years

Total or white

14
20
38
41

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59

Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
_

14
19
37
39
_

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentenng

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.

2

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

138




+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30) (216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50.
100.
500 ..
1,000
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

35

50

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100 .
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
-

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
-

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
-

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
-

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-monthi change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage oi monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50 .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




139

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only.
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Month-tomonth change
•

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.

140




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Men

Total

Women

Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 . .
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 . . .
1,000 .
1,500.
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000 . .
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Total or full-time workers
ran-iime
workers

Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
_

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
-

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
-

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
-

141

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid^vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
142




Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digit industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 141 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and

values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-(100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless




earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
143

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
144




group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-

ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees.

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

145

Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as " sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-

sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1988

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
(In thousands)
Industry

Total .
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government.
. . . .

146




Percent
difference

Benchmark

Estimate

103,835

104,161

-0.3

711
4,686
19,171

723
4,787
19,302

-1.7
-2.2
-.7

5,437
5,926
18,551

5,473
6,016
18,612

-.7
-1.5
-.3

6,594
25,103
17,656

6,599
24,978
17,671

-.1
.5
-.1

Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal.
State . .
Local

Sample coverage1

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Mi imhor r\f
INUlilUt?! Ul

103,835

262,856

38,922

37

711
4,686
19,171

3,361
24,924
49,889

276
917
9,483

39
20
49

5,437
5,926
18,551

214,091
22,810
49,015

22,482
1,062
3,704

46
18
20

6,594
25,103

19,711
58,713

2,126
5,795

32
23

2,964
4,151
10,541

(3)
4,883
15,459

2,964
3,406
6,707

100
82
64

establishments

Employees
Number Percent of
(thou- benchmarks
sands)

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The" hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours

Total .

. .

.3
2.2
1.8
.7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.4
-

.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

RMSE =

> / (standard deviation)2

+

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

0.2
1.3
.5
C\J

1

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

C\]

Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3

error2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:

Size of employment estimate

50,000 .
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000 .
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

147

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

Total .

88,900

89,500

Total private .

61,300

58,900

Goods-producing industries.

21,200

19,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,400
3,800

4,200
3,300

Construction
General building contractors.

14,400
4,900

15,100
5,100

Manufacturing.

18,200

18,300

13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300

12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300

3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800

3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800

8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800

8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700

4,500
1,600
2,100

4,000
1,400
2,000

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,600
1,200

2,800
1,200

1,600
1,700

1,600
1,600

85,400

85,700

14,600
16,600

13,000
16,000

6,500

6,100

8,700
5,800
5,000

7,700
5,300
4,400

Retail trade
General merchandise stores . . .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places .

38,600
22,800
6,800

34,400
20,400
6,000

4,200
10,100

5,100
9,500

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate .

8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000

7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000

Services
Business services.
Health services.

36,600
11,700
10,200

34,900
10,700
10,000

Government.
Federal.
State
Local .

59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600

53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities .

Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.

148

Monthly
level

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment and household survey labor input data and from measures of compensation and output supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal
Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments (table C-9) refer to hours paid for all
employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers,
and salaried workers. For productivity and cost measures
(tables C-10, 11), hours of all persons include hours of
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. Labor
input is measured by hours at the work site.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons (productivity) measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per hour at work.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of
employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by
dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, capital consump-

tion allowances, interest, rental income of persons, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current-dollar
gross product originating in the sector and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constantdollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index
for gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less general
government, households and institutions, owner-occupied
housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business. All measures are
seasonally adjusted.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear
in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS Bulletin
2178. Additional information may be obtained from the
Office of Productivity and Technology (202-523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table




D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal
economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in
States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and
is available in micrfofiche form only, on a subscription basis.
149

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics.''
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the ui claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
150




In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Sub-State monthly labor force and unemployment estimates
in over 2,600 labor market areas (LMA's) are prepared in
several stages.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State ui laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA's
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical

relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)
151




are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning
in June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to paralled that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are now calculated only for the first 6 months after
benchmarking. A second set of projected seasonal adjustment
factors, for use during the subsequent period, will be
computed based upon data through September and introduced
with the publication of data for October. Revisions of
historical data for the most recent 5 years will continue to
be made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions,
and published in a Supplement to Employment and Earnings.
The BLS is also working on an extension to X-ll ARIMA
to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey
reference period (as well as for the occasional effects of
Labor Day in the September survey reference period). If this
research proves successful, this extension will be introduced
for the computation of the seasonal adjustment factors to be
published in November 1989.

All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory
workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base.
For total private, total goods-producing, total private serviceproducing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by




summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative
to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These failed
or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however, are
used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted
series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal
Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the
calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series
based on the experience through March 1989, new seasonal
adjustment factors for April-September, and a description
of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the
June 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings.

152

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

REGION I-BOSTON
Suite 1603
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327
REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone. (212) 337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
PO. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV—ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone. (404) 347-4416
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312)353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415) 995-5605




IV

ALABAMA

X

ALASKA

BLS
Region

VIII
Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
VII
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
IX ARIZONA
IX
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
VI ARKANSAS
I
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, EmployII
ment Data and Research Division, 7000
VI
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VII COLORADO
Division of Labor and Employment, 3rd Fl,
II
1330 Fox St., Denver 80204
CONNECTICUT
I
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
IV
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O Box 9029,
VIII
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST OF COL.
V
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW , Washington,
DC 20001
VI
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
X
32399-0674
IV GEORGIA
III
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE ,
Atlanta 30303
II
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
X IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St,
Boise 83735
V ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
I
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
IV
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VII IOWA
VIII
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
IV
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
VI
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
VIII
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
I
I
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
III MARYLAND
III
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
II
Eutaw St, Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
X
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
III
V MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl, 390 North
V
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, PO Box 1699,
VIII
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Mam St., Concord 03301
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P O Box 2765, Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission, 401 BroadNEW MEXICO
way, TIWA Bldg , Albuquerque 87103
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P O Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
Job
Service, P.O Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
NORTH DAKOTA
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
OHIO
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St, NE ,
Salem 97311
PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts , Harnsburg 17121
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl, 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St, Providence 02903
SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P O Box 995,
Columbia 29202
SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, PO Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, PO Box 1358, Richmond 23211
VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr, Olympia 98503
WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602
MONTANA

NEBRASKA