Full text of Employment and Earnings : November 1988

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics




November 1988

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ann McLaughlin, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

•National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1988.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 35

No. 11 November 1988

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents

Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, October 1988

2
4

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Not seasonally adjusted—
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

6
43
79

9

44
60
82
104
112

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




36
56
101
109
117

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
...
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age . . .
.
Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship .

.

..
...

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
15
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l5.
A-16.
A-l7.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

19

20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time
status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
-.

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.




Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment—National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted.

43
44
55
^
57

.

^g
59

Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry .

50

Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.
C- 2a.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

79
g2
98
^
100
101
102
103

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas .

104

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates .

••

109
110
Ill

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

...

112

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, October 1988

Employment rose in October and unemployment was little changed. The overall unemployment rate was 5.2 percent, and the civilian worker rate was 5.3 percent. Both have
fluctuated within a narrow range since the spring.
Nonagricultural payroll jobs, as measured by the survey
of business establishments, grew by 325,000 in October to
107.1 million. All of this increase was in private industries.
Total civilian employment, as measured by the household
survey, edged up to 115.5 million. The household survey
continues to show much slower employment growth than the
business survey—2.4 million over the past year, versus 3.7
million.
Unemployment
The civilian worker unemployment rate was essentially
unchanged in October at 5.3 percent; the number of unemployed persons was 6.5 million. Since the spring, the jobless rate has moved within a narrow range of 5.3 to 5.6
percent, and the number of unemployed persons has ranged
between 6.5 and 6.8 million. (See table A-33.)
The October jobless rates for adult men (4.6 percent), adult
women (4.7 percent), and teenagers (14.9 percent) were little different from September, as were the rates for whites
(4.6 percent), blacks (11.0 percent), and Hispanics (7.7 percent). (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
The number of persons who cited job loss as their reason
for unemployment declined by 180,000 to 2.9 million in October. Declines in the number of unemployed job losers and
new entrants to the labor force accounted for most of the
nearly 700,000 fall in unemployment over the past year; the
number of job leavers and labor force reentrants was little
changed. (See table A-41.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Civilian employment rose slightly to 115.5 million in October, and the employment-population ratio sustained its high
of 62.4 percent reached in the previous month. Employment
among adult women grew by 320,000, and their employmentpopulation ratio rose 0.3 percentage point to a new high of
54.3 percent.
At 122.0 million, the civilian labor force has been little
changed since August, while the labor force participation rate
remained at 65.9 percent. The labor force rose by 1.7 million over the past year. (See table A-33.)




Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural employment rose by 325,000 in October, seasonally adjusted, to a level of 107.1 million. This
gain was in line with average job growth so far this year.
All of the October gains were in private industries, which
had shown slower growth in the prior 2 months. (See table
B-4.)
Manufacturing employment rose by 100,000, seasonally
adjusted, more than offsetting declines totaling 45,000 in the
previous 2 months. Job gains were widespread throughout
the durable and nondurable industries. The largest increase
was in food processing, which experienced fewer fall cutbacks than usual following light summer hiring due to the
drought. Other industries showing sizable increases included lumber and wood products, primary metals, fabricated
metals, machinery, motor vehicles, and rubber and plastics.
Despite October's strong growth, only 9 of the 20 manufacturing industries were above July levels.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment was about unchanged, following fairly substantial
growth during most of the year. Mining employment was
also about unchanged in October.
In the services industry, an October gain of 145,000 was
led by health services. Business services continued to show
slow growth. Retail trade employment rose by 50,000 over
the month; there were substantial increases in food stores
and eating and drinking places, while holiday hiring in general merchandise stores was less than expected. Wholesale
trade added 20,000 jobs, mostly in durable goods distribution. Virtually no employment change occurred in government, following a large increase in public school employment
in September. Employment in both finance, insurance, and
real estate and transportation and public utilities was also little
changed in October.

Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged up by 0.1
hour to a level of 34.8 hours in October, seasonally adjusted. The factory workweek fell slightly to 41.1 hours, while
manufacturing overtime edged up 0.1 hour to 4.0 hours. Both
the average workweek and overtime in manufacturing continued to be very high by historical standards. (See table C-5.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at
126.9 (1977 = 100), rose by 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted.
The index for manufacturing increased by 0.5 percent to
96.8. (See table C-6.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers rose 0.7 percent in October, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased 1.0 percent,
reflecting the increases in both hourly earnings and the length
of the workweek. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings rose 5 cents to $9.45, and average weekly earn-




ings increased by $2.69 to $329.81. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 181.6 (1977 = 100)
in October, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.8 percent
from September. For the 12 months ended in October, the
increase was 3.8 percent. In dollars of constant purchasing
power, the HEI decreased 0.9 percent during the 12-month
period ending in September. The HEI is computed so as to
exclude the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (Beginning
in 1989, the HEI will no longer be published in this publication.) (See table C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

November

December 2

December
January

Reference month

Release date

February

March 10

January 6

March

April 7

February 3

April

May 5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1954 .
1955 .
1956 .
1957 .
1958 .
1959 .

110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961 ,
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106.702
108,856
111,303
114,177

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109.232

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
October
November .
December .

185,052
185,225
185,370

122,128
122,349
122,472

66.0
66.1
66.1

114,951
115,259
115,494

1,741
1,755
1,750

113,210
113,504
113,744

3,249
3,172
3,215

109,961
110,332
110,529

7,177
7,090
6,978

5.9
5.8
5.7

62,924
62,876
62,898

1988:
January
February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

185,571
185,705
185,847
185,964
186,088
186,247
186,402
186,522
186,666
186,801

122,924
123,084
122,639
123,055
122,692
123,157
123,357
123,723
123,628
123,699

66.2
66.3
66.0
66.2
65.9
66.1
66.2
66.3
66.2
66.2

115,878
116,145
115,839
116,445
115,909
116,703
116,732
116,872
117,032
117,208

1,749
1,736
1,736
1,732
1,714
1,685
1,673
1,692
1,704
1,687

114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
115,180
115,328
115,521

3,293
3,228
3,204
3,228
3,035
3,085
3,046
3,151
3,169
3,266

110,836
111,182
110,899
111,485
111,160
111,933
112,014
112,029
112,158
112,255

7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
6,596
6,491

5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.2

62,647
62,621
63,208
62,909
63,396
63,090
63,045
62,799
63,038
63,102

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1977
19781
1979

76,756
78,107
79,509

59,959
61,151
62,215

78.1
78.3
78.2

56,291
58,010
59,096

1,563
1,531
1,489

54,728
56,479
57,607

2,671
2,718
2,686

52,057
53,761
54,921

3,667
3,142
3,120

6.1
5.1
5.0

16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,651
1,577

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60.892
62,107

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
October
November.
December.

88,756
88,849
88,924

67,947
68,019
68,030

76.6
76.6
76.5

64,048
64,174
64,245

1,580
1,593
1,589

62,468
62,581
62,656

2,569
2,491
2,523

59,899
60,090
60,133

3,899
3,845
3,785

5.7
5.7
5.6

20,809
20,830
20,894

1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

89,033
89,099
89,168
89,225
89,287
89,367
89,445
89,504
89,577
89,637

68,243
68,343
68,148
68,445
68,318
68,429
68,521
68,723
68,608
68,544

76.6
76.7
76.4
76.7
76.5
76.6
76.6
76.8
76.6
76.5

64,396
64,636
64,332
64,892
64,583
64,934
65,002
64,954
65,052
64,943

1,588
1,577
1,573
1,569
1,553
1,523
1,512
1,529
1,540
1,526

62,808
63,059
62,759
63,323
63,030
63,411
63,490
63,425
63,512
63,417

2,593
2,510
2,474
2,467
2,391
2,422
2,471
2,526
2,489
2,567

60,216
60,548
60,285
60,856
60,639
60,988
61,019
60,899
61,023
60,850

3,847
3,707
3,816
3,553
3,736
3,495
3,519
3,768
3,555
3,600

5.6
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.3

20,790
20,756
21,020
20,780
20,969
20,938
20,924
20,781
20,970
21,093

Annual averages
WOMEN
1977
19781
1979

83,932
85,434
86,951

40,705
42,731
44,343

48.5
50.0
51.0

37,381
39,669
41,325

92
100
108

37,289
39,569
41,217

812
669
661

36,677
38,900
40,556

3,324
3,061
3,018

8.2
7.2
6.8

43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334

656
667
665
680
653
644
652

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
October....
November
December

96,295
96,376
96,446

54,181
54,330
54,442

56.3
56.4
56.4

50,903
51,085
51,249

161
162
161

50,742
50,923
51,088

680
681
692

50,062
50,242
50,396

3,278
3,245
3,193

6.1
6.0
5.9

42,114
42,046
42,004

1988:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October

96,538
96,606
96,679
96,739
96,801
96,880
96,957
97,018
97,089
97,164

54,681
54,740
54,491
54,610
54,374
54,728
54,836
55,000
55,020
55,155

56.6
56.7
56.4
56.5
56.2
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.8

51,482
51,509
51,507
51,553
51,327
51,769
51,730
51,918
51,979
52,265

161
159
163
163
161
162
161
163
164
161

51,321
51,350
51,344
51,390
51,166
51,607
51,569
51,755
51,815
52,104

700
717
730
761
645
662
575
625
680

50,621
50,633
50,614
50,629
50,521
50,944
50,994
51,130
51,135
51,405

3,200
3,231
2,985
3,057
3,047
2,960
3,106
3,083
3,041
2,890

5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.2

41,857
41,866
42,188
42,129
42,427
42,152
42,121
42,018
42,069
42,009

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.

108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601
1961 .
19621
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976,
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2

7.4
.7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2

1984
1985
19861
1987

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1987:
October
November.
December.

183,311
183,470
183,620

120,387
120,594
120,722

65.7
65.7
65.7

113,210
113,504
113,744

7,177
7,090
6,978

6.0
5.9
5.8

5.9
5.8
5.7

6.1
6.0
5.9

183,822
183,969
184,111
184,232
184,374
184,562
184,729
184,830
184,962
185,114

121,175
121,348
120,903
121,323
120,978
121,472
121,684
122,031
121,924
122,012

65.9
66.0
65.7
65.9
65.6
65.8
65.9
66.0
65.9
65.9

114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
115,180
115,328
115,521

7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
6,596
6,491

5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3

5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.4

5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3

1988:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

October 1988
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

185,114
14,456
7,161
7,294
18,288
102,038
42,687
21,265
21,423
35,102
18,998
16,105
24,248
13,083
11,165
21,613
10,785
10,828
28,719
9,851
7,692
11,177

122,432
7,599
3,038
4,561
14,340
85,184
35,782
17,788
17,994
30,040
16,251
13,789
19,362
10,877
8,485
11,948
7,140
4,808
3,361
2,046
851
463

66.1
52.6
42.4
62.5
78.4
83.5
83.8
83.6
84.0
85.6
85.5
85.6
79.8
83.1
76.0
55.3
66.2
44.4
11.7
20.8
11.1
4.1

116,250
6,465
2,532
3,934
13,195
81,685
33,960
16,822
17,137
28,969
15,614
13,354
18,757
10,510
8,247
11,621
6,940
4,681
3,284
1,998
834
453

6,182
1,134
506
628
1,145
3,498
1,822
965
858
1,072
637
434
605
367
238
328
201
127
76
49
20
8

5.0
14.9
16.7
13.8
8.0
4.1
5.1
5.4
4.8
3.6
3.9
3.1
3.1
3.4
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.4
1.7

62,682
6,856
4,123
2,733
3,949
16,853
6,905
3,477
3,428
5,062
2,746
2,316
4,886
2,205
2,680
9,665
3,645
6,020
25,359
7,804
6,838
10,716

27,449
387
110
276
1,468
11,572
4,885
2,367
2,518
3,573
1,955
1,616
3,114
1,471
1,643
4,704
2,030
2,673
9,319
2,988
2,514
3,816

8,995
5,937
3,795
2,142
1,858
1,160
782
487
296
298
192
106
80
43
37
30
15
15
11
4
4
3

3,153
32
4
28
87
1,176
286
133
153
331
178
152
560
239
321
686
354
333
1,171
297
242
632

23,085
501
215
287
537
2,944
952
490
462
859
419
441
1,133
453
680
4,245
1,246
2,999
14,858
4,515
4,080
6,263

88,111
7,260
3,642
3,619
8,872
49,882
20,969
10,435
10,534
17,174
9,309
7,865
11,739
6,343
5,396
10,184
5,145
5,039
11,913
4,468
3,323
4,122

66,925
3,902
1,587
2,315
7,472
46,737
19,885
9,835
10,050
16,296
8,852
7,444
10,556
5,846
4,711
6,815
4,061
2,754
2,000
1,217
489
294

76.0
53.7
43.6
64.0
84.2
93.7
94.8
94.2
95.4
94.9
95.1
94.6
89.9
92.2
87.3
66.9
78.9
54.6
16.8
27.2
14.7
7.1

63,658
3,252
1,288
1,964
6,861
44,982
18,987
9,372
9,614
15,764
8,537
7,227
10,230
5,653
4,577
6,616
3,943
2,672
1,948
1,188
475
285

3,267
649
298
351
611
1,755
898
463
436
531
315
216
326
192
134
199
118
81
52
29
15
8

4.9
16.6
18.8
15.2
8.2
3.8
4.5
4.7
4.3
3.3
3.6
2.9
3.1
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.6
2.4
3.1
2.8

21,186
3,359
2,055
1,303
1,401
3,144
1,084
600
484
878
457
421
1,183
497
685
3,369
1,084
2,285
9,913
3,251
2,833
3,829

572
22
10
11
21
214
75
46
29
73
31
42
66
36
30
91
39
52
224
73
71
79

4,557
3,086
1,959
1,127
1,013
442
310
219
91
96
67
29
36
19
17
14
9
5
2
1
1

1,802
24
2
22
61
798
196
94
101
219
122
97
384
159
225
469
250
219
450
148
114
188

14,255
226
84
143
306
1,691
504
241
263
489
237
253
698
284
414
2,795
785
2,009
9,238
3,029
2,649
3,560

97,003
7,195
3,519
3,676
9,416
52,156
21,718
10,830
10,889
17,929
9,689
8,240
12,509
6,740
5,769
11,430
5,640
5,789
16,806
5,383
4,369
7,055

55,507
3,698
1,451
2,246
6,868
38,447
15,897
7,953
7,944
13,744
7,399
6,345
8,806
5,031
3,774
5,134
3,079
2,055
1,361
829
362
169

57.2
51.4
41.2
61.'
72.9
73.7
73.2
73.4
73.0
76.7
76.4
77.0
70.4
74.7
65.4
44.9
54.6
35.5
8.1
15.4
8.3
2.4

52,592
3,213
1,243
1,970
6,334
36,704
14,973
7,450
7,523
13,204
7,077
6,127
8,527
4,857
3,670
5,005
2,996
2,009
1,336
810
359
168

2,915
485
208
276
534
1,743
924
502
422
540
322
218
278
175
104
129
83
46
24
20
5
-

5.3
13.1
14.4
12.3
7.8
4.5
5.8
6.3
5.3
3.9
4.4
3.4
3.2
3.5
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.2
1.8
2.4
1.4
.2

41,495
3,498
2,068
1,430
2,548
13,709
5,821
2,877
2,944
4,184
2,289
1,895
3,703
1,708
1,995
6,296
2,561
3,735
15,445
4,553
4,005
6,887

26,877
365
100
265
1,447
11,358
4,810
2,321
2,489
3,500
1,926
1,574
3,048
1,435
1,613
4,613
1,991
2,622
9,095
2,915
2,443
3,737

4,438
2,851
1,835
1,016
844
718
472
268
205
202
125
77
44
24
20
16
6
10
9
3
4
2

1,351
7
2
6
26
378
91
39
52
112
56
55
176
80
96
217
104
113
721
149
128
444

8,830
275
131
144
231
1,253
448
249
199
370
182
188
435
169
266
1,451
461
990
5,620
1,486
1,431
2,703

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

October 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

158,524
11,777
5,792
5,986
15,136
86,824
35,912
17,822
18,090
30,060
16,120
13,939
20,852
11,266
9,587
18,918
9,375
9,542
25,869
8,801
6,953
10,115

105,295
6,557
2,638
3,919
12,113
73,047
30,361
15,045
15,316
25,867
13,886
11,981
16,820
9,483
7,337
10,553
6,284
4,270
3,024
1,842
764
418

66.4
55.7
45.6
65.5
80.0
84.1
84.5
84.4
84.7
86.1
86.1
86.0
80.7
84.2
76.5
55.8
67.0
44.7
11.7
20.9
11.0
4.1

100,723
5,700
2,247
3,453
11,309
70,455
29,083
14,388
14,696
25,027
13,401
11,625
16,344
9,193
7,151
10,290
6,122
4,168
2,969
1,804
752
413

4,572
857
391
466
804
2,593
1,278
658
620
839
483
355
475
290
185
263
161
102
56
38
12
5

4.3
13.1
14.8
11.9
6.6
3.5
4.2
4.4
4.0
3.2
5.7
3.0
2.8
3.1
4.0
2.5
2.6
2.4
1.8
2.1
1.6
1.2

53,229
5,220
3,153
2,067
3,023
13,776
5,551
2,777
2,774
4,193
2,236
1,958
4,033
1,782
2,250
8,365
3,092
5,273
22,845
6,960
6,189
9,696

23,875
285
80
205
1,134
9,809
4,081
1,970
2,111
3,080
1,679
1,403
2,648
1,233
1,446
4,147
1,788
2,359
8,501
2,680
2,308
3,512

6,933
4,555
2,901
1,654
1,489
857
560
337
223
239
145
94
59
34
25
23
13
10
9
4
4
1

2,412

76,030
5,940
2,963
2,977
7,405
42,968
17,886
8,848
9,038
14,867
8,001
6,866
10,215
5,535
4,680
8,969
4,499
4,470
10,747
4,017
3,009
3,721

58,266
3,342
1,376
1,967
6,320
40,684
17,141
8,431
8,710
14,247
7,686
6,561
9,296
5,157
4,139
6,080
3,623
2,457
1,840
1,129
447
264

76.6
56.3
46.4
66.0
85.3
94.7
95.8
95.3
96.4
95.8
96.1
95.6
91.0
93.2
88.4
67.8
80.5
55.0
17.1
28.1
14.9
7.1

55,789
2,860
1,150
1,710
5,875
39,325
16,467
8,081
8,386
13,828
7,438
6,390
9,030
5,004
4,026
5,927
3,530
2,397
1,802
1,105
440
258

2,477
483
226
257
445
1,359
674
351
323
419
247
171
266
154
112
153
93
60
38
24
8
5

4.3
14.4
16.4
13.0
7.0
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.7
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.0
2.1
1.8
2.0

17,763
2,598
1,587
1,011
1,085
2,284
745
417
328
620
316
305
918
377
541
2,889
876
2,013
8,907
2,889
2,562
3,457

450
10
4
7
14
152
44
24
20
57
26
31
50
24
26
76
31
45
199
61
66
71

3,560
2,417
1,510
908
839
294
210
153
57
66
40
26
19
9
10
7
7

1,365

82,495
5,837
2,829
3,008
7,731
43,856
18,026
8,974
9,052
15,192
8,119
7,073
10,638
5,731
4,907
9,949
4,876
5,072
15,122
4,784
3,944
6,394

47,029
3,215
1,263
1,952
5,793
32,363
13,220
6,614
6,606
11,619
6,200
5,420
7,524
4,326
3,198
4,473
2,661
1,813
1,184
713
317
154

57.0
55.1
44.6
64.9
74.9
73.8
73.3
73.7
73.0
76.5
76.4
76.6
70.7
75.5
65.2
45.0
54.6
35.7
7.8
14.9
8.0
2.4

44,934
2,841
1,098
1,743
5,434
31,130
12,616
6,307
6,310
11,199
5,963
5,235
7,314
4,189
3,125
4,363
2,592
1,771
1,166
699
312
155

2,095
374
165
209
359
1,234
604
307
297
421
236
184
209
136
73
110
68
42
18
14
4
-

4.5
11.6
13.1
10.7
6.2
3.8
4.6
4.6
4.5
3.6
3.8
3.4
2.8
3.2
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.3
1.5
2.0
1.3
-

35,465
2,622
1,566
1,056
1,938
11,492
4,806
2,360
2,446
3,573
1,920
1,653
3,114
1,405
1,709
5,475
2,216
3,260
13,938
4,071
3,627
6,239

23,425
275
77
198
1,120
9,657
4,037
1,946
2,091
3,023
1,644
1,379
2,597
1,192
1,405
4,071
1,757
2,314
8,302
2,619
2,242
3,441

3,373
2,137
1,391
746
650
563
350
184
166
173
105
68
40
25
15
16
6
10
6
3
4

23
4
19
58
864
225
109
115
231
115
116
408
178
230
526
271
255
940
238
182
520

20,009
357
169
188
342
2,246
685
361
324
644
305
338
918
353
563
3,669
1,020
2,649
13,395
4,037
3,694
5,664

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

2
1
1

16
2
14
39
590
155
76
79
151
81
70
284
124
160
361
196
166
358
121
83
154

12,388
154
72
83
193
1,247
336
164
172
347
168
178
565
220
344
2,445
642
1,803
8,349
2,705
2,411
3,232

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

10




1,047

7
2
6
19
274
70
33
36
80
34
46
124
54
70
165
75
89
582
117
99
366

7,621
202
97
106
149
999
349
197
152
297
137
160
353
133
219
1,224
378
846
5.047
1,332
1,283
2,432

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

October 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

20,786
2,181
1,124
1,057
2,512
11,563
5,257
2,673
2,584
3,763
2,142
1,620
2,543
1,354
1,190
2,113
1,101
1,013
2,417
886
1,531

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed

13,307
851
323
529
1,779
9,300
4,273
2,148
2,126
3,151
1,800
1,351
1,877
1,034
843
1,092
675
417
285
166
119

64.0
39.0
28.7
50.0
70.8
80.4
81.3
80.4
82.3
83.7
84.0
83.4
73.8
76.4
70.8
51.7
61.3
41.2
11.8
18.7
7.8

11,873
600
223
376
1,468
8,500
3,778
1,865
1,913
2,947
1,665
1,282
1,777
979
797
1,040
646
395
265
156
108

1,434
252
99
152
311
799
495
282
213
204
136
69
100
55
45
52
30
22
20
10
11

10.8
29.5
30.8
28.8
17.5
8.6
11.6
13.1
10.0
6.5
7.6
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.8
4.4
5.4
7.1
6.0
9.2

7,479
1,330
801
528
733
2,263
984
525
458
612
343
269
666
319
347
1,021
425
595
2,133
720
1,412

2,728
96
28
68
282
1,240
584
307
276
320
172
148
336
174
162
418
171
248
692
259
433

1,506
1,096
731
365
256
152
120
85
35
26
20
7
6
4
3

9,333
1,076
566
510
1,144
5,184
2,378
1,209
1,169
1,677
955
721
1,129
602
528
953
498
455
976
387
589

6,616
469
184
285
911
4,531
2,130
1,082
1,048
1,492
861
631
910
503
407
567
329
238
138
76
62

70.9
43.5
32.4
55.9
79.7
87.4
89.6
89.5
89.6
89.0
90.1
87.5
80.5
83.6
77.0
59.5
66.1
52.3
14.1
19.6
10.5

5,906
314
120
194
756
4,182
1,922
977
945
1,393
799
594
868
478
389
531
312
218
123
71
52

710
155
64
91
155
348
208
105
103
98
62
37
42
25
17
36
17
20
15
5
10

10.7
33.1
34.8
31.9
17.0
7.7
9.8
9.7
9.8
6.6
7.2
5.8
4.6
4.9
4.3
6.4
5.1
8.2
1C.7
6.2
(1)

2,717
608
383
225
232
653
248
127
121
185
95
90
220
98
121
386
169
217
838
311
527

102
12
7
4
7
52
29
21
7
8
_
8
15
11
4
13
6
7
18
9
9

689
527
367
160
106
57
43
26
17
9
10

11,453
1,105
558
547
1,368
6,379
2,879
1,464
1,415
2,086
1,187
899
1,414
752
662
1,160
602
558
1,441
499
942

6,691
383
139
244
868
4,769
2,143
1,066
1,078
1,659
939
720
967
531
436
525
346
179
147
90
57

58.4
34.7
24.9
44.6
63.4
74.8
74.4
72.8
76.2
79.5
79.1
80.1
68.4
70.6
65.9
45.3
57.5
32.1
10.2
18.0
6.0

5,967
286
104
183
712
4,318
1,856
888
968
1,553
866
688
909
501
408
510
333
176
141
85
56

724
96
35
61
156
451
287
177
110
106
74
32
58
30
28
16
13
3
6
5
1

10.8
25.2
25.4
25.1
18.0
9.5
13.4
16.7
10.2
6.4
7.8
4.5
6.0
5.7
6.4
3.0
3.7
1.5
3.8
5.3
(1)

4,762
722
419
303
500
1,610
736
398
337
427
248
179
447
221
226
635
256
379
1,294
409
885

2,626
84
21
64
275
1,188
555
286
269
312
172
140
321
163
158
405
164
241
674
250
424

817
569
364
205
150
95
77
59
18
17
10
7
1

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

681
8

2,562
130
43
87
166
585
219
109
110
183
99
85
183
83
100
461
18S
271
1,220
408
812

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

2
3

8
29
284
61
24
37
82
53
29
141
60
82
142
65
76
218
55
163

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

5
4
1

-1

392
8
8
21
182
40
18
22
51
30
21
91
35
56
94
40
53
87
26
61

1,533
62
9
53
99
360
136
62
75
115
55
60
109
49
60
279
123
156
733
277
456

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

2

3
3

288
8
102
21
6
15
31
23
8
50
25
26
48
25
23
131
29
102

1,030
68
34
34
67
225
83
47
35
68
44
25
74
34
40
182
67
115
487
131
356

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

26,590
2,679
1,370
1,309
3,152
15,214
6,776
3,443
3,333
5,042
2,877
2,165
3,396
1,817
1,579
2,695
1,410
1,286
2,850
1,048
738
1,063

17,137
1,042
400
643
2,226
12,137
5,421
2,743
1,413
4,174
2,366
1,807
2,542
1,394
1,148
1,395
857
538
336
204
88
44

64.5
38.9
29.2
49.1
70.6
79.8
80.0
79.7
42.4
82.8
82.2
83.5
74.9
76.7
72.7
51.8
60.8
41.9
11.8
19.5
11.9
4.1

15,527
765
284
481
1,885
11,230
4,876
2,436
2,441
3,941
2,213
1,729
2,413
1,316
1,097
1,331
817
513
316
194
80
41

183
2

12,082
1,320
679
641
1,467
6,914
3,083
1,587
1,496
2,306
1,308
998
1,525
808
717
1,214
645
569
1,166
450
314
401

8,659
560
211
349
1,152
6,053
2,744
1,404
1,340
2,049
1,166
882
1,260
688
572
735
438
297
160
88
42
30

71.7
42.4
31.1
54.4
78.5
87.5
89.0
88.4
89.6
88.8
89.2
88.4
82.7
85.1
79.9
60.5
67.9
52.1
13.7
19.5
13.4
7.5

7,869
393
139
254
985
5,655
2,520
1,292
1,228
1,936
1,099
837
1,200
649
551
689
414
275
145
83
35
27

156
2

14,508
1,358
690
668
1,685
8,300
3,693
1,856
1,837
2,736
1,569
1,167
1,871
1,009
862
1,481
764
717
1,684
598
424
662

8,478
483
189
294
1,074
6,084
2,677
1,339
1,338
2,125
1,200
925
1,282
706
576
661
419
242
176
116
46
14

58.4
35.5
27.3
44.0
63.8
73.3
72.5
72.1
72.9
77.7
76.5
79.3
68.5
69.9
66.9
44.6
54.8
33.8
10.5
19.4
10.8
2.1

7,659
372
145
227
900
5,575
2,357
1,144
1,213
2,005
1,114
892
1,213
667
546
642
404
238
170
111
45
14

Unemployed

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

2
12
119
42
22
20
31
16
14
47
20
26
32
18
14
17
3
13
1

15,344
763
284
478
1,873
11,111
4,834
2,413
2,421
3,910
2,196
1,714
2,366
1,297
1,069
1,298
799
499
299
190
68
40

1,610
277
116
162
341
907
545
307
238
232
154
79
129
77
53
64
39
25
21
10
7
4

7,713
391
139
252
974
5,552
2,484
1,273
1,211
1,911
1,087
824
1,157
633
524
664
399
264
132
80
25
26

790
167
72
95
166
398
224
112
113
113
68
45
60
39
22
45
24
21
15
5
7
3

9.1
29.8
34.2
27.1
14.4
6.6
8.2
8.0
8.4
5.5
5.8
5.1
4.8
5.6
3.8
6.2
5.6
7.1
9.1
5.5
(1)

7,632
372
145
227
899
5,559
2,351
1,140
1,210
1,999
1,109
890
1,209
664
545
635
400
235
167
110
43
14

819
111
44
67
175
509
320
195
125
120
86
34
69
38
31
19
15
4
6
5

9.7
22.9
23.1
22.8
16.3
8.4
12.0
14.6
9.4
5.6
7.2
3.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
2.9
3.5
1.7
3.5
4.7

9.4
26.6
28.9
25.2
15.3
7.5
10.0
11.2
16.8
5.6
6.5
4.4
5.1
5.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
6.2
4.9
8.0

0

9,453
1,636
970
666
926
3,076
1,355
701
653
869
510
358
853
423
430
1,300
553
747
2,514
845
651
1,018

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

2
11
104
36
19
17
25
11
13
43
17
26
25
14
11
14
3
10
1

0

3,423
761
468
292
315
861
339
184
155
257
141
116
264
120
144
480
207
272
1,006
363
272
371

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12




1
15
6
3
3
6
5
1
3
3
7
4
3
3

1

6,030
876
502
374
611
2,215
1,016
517
498
611
369
242
589
303
286
820
346
475
1,508
482
379
647

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

183,311
120,744
65.9
113,898
3,297
110,601
6,845
5.7
62,567

185,114
122,432
66.1
116,250
3,316
112,934
6,182
5.0
62,682

79,807
62,317
78.1
59,442
2,403
57,040
2,875
4.6
17,490

80,851
63,023
78.0
60,405
2,400
58,005
2,618
4.2
17,828

88,843
50,721
57.1
48,076
670
47,407
2,644
5.2
38,122

89,807
51,809
57.7
49,379
678
48,701
2,430
4.7
37,998

14,661
7,706
52.6
6,379
225
6,155
1,327
17.2
6,955

14,456
7,599
52.6
6,465
238
6,228
1,134
14.9
6,856

157,342
103,934
66.1
98,882
3,076
95,806
5,053
4.9
53,408

158,524
105,295
66.4
100,723
3,133
97,590
4,572
4.3
53,229

69,364
54,399
78.4
52,167
2,209
49,958
2,232
4.1
14,965

70,090
54,924
78.4
52,930
2,247
50,683
1,994
3.6
15,166

76,035
42,943
56.5
41,089
649
40,439
1,854
4.3
33,092

76,658
43,814
57.2
42,093
651
41,442
1,721
3.9
32,843

11,943
6,592
55.2
5,626
218
5,408
967
14.7
5,351

11,777
6,557
55.7
5,700
235
5,465
857
13.1
5,220

20,453
13,160
64.3
11,582
167
11,415
1,578
12.0
7,292

20,786
13,307
64.0
11,873
135
11,738
1,434
10.8
7,479

8,103
6,019
74.3
5,451
145
5,305
569
9.5
2,084

8,257
6,147
74.4
5,593
116
5,477
554
9.0
2,109

10,177
6,241
61.3
5,533
15
5,519
707
11.3
3,936

10,348
6,309
61.0
5,681
18
5,663
628
10.0
4,040

2,173
900
41.4
597
6
591
302
33.6
1,273

2,181
851
39.0
600
2
598
252
29.5
1,330

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Octobe 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,394
10,609
4,785

7,693
4,697
2,996

50.0
44.3
62.6

6,869
4,040
2,829

1,396
375
1,021

5,472
3,665
1,807

825
657
167

64
34
30

761
623
137

10.7
14.0
5.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,456
7,938
6,573
1,366

3,136
4,557
3,307
1,250

42.1
57.4
50.3
91.5

2,618
4,251
3,043
1,208

167
1,230
387
843

2,451
3,021
2,656
365

519
306
265
42

28
36
18
18

491
270
246
23

16.5
6.7
8.0
3.3

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,847
5,394
2,453

3,820
2,336
1,484

48.7
43.3
60.5

3,368
1,976
1,391

710
207
503

2,657
1,769
888

452
359
93

39
20
19

413
339
74

11.8
15.4
6.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,993
3,854
3,213
640

1,684
2,136
1,550
586

42.2
55.4
48.2
91.5

1,381
1,986
1,427
559

115
596
213
383

1,267
1,391
1,215
176

302
150
123
27

17
22
11
11

285
128
111
16

18.0
7.0
7.9
4.6

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,547
5,215
2,332

3,873
2,361
1,512

51.3
45.3
64.8

3,501
2,063
1,437

686
168
518

2,815
1,896
919

373
298
75

25
13
11

348
285
63

9.6
12.6
4.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,462
4,084
3,359
725

1,453
2,421
1,757
664

42.0
59.3
52.3
91.5

1,237
2,264
1,615
649

52
634
174
460

1,185
1,630
1,441
189

216
156
142
15

10
14
7
7

206
142
135
7

14.9
6.5
8.1
2.2

12,667
8,627
4,040

6,677
4,094
2,533

52.7
47.5
63.9

6,055
3,590
2,464

1,248
333
916

4,807
3,258
1,549

622
504
118

50
30
20

572
474
99

9.3
12.3
4.6

Men
Women

6,512
6,155

3,307
3,370

50.8
54.8

2,970
3,085

615
633

2,355
2,452

337
285

28
22

309
264

10.2
8.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,915
6,752
5,551
1,201

2,684
3,993
2,876
1,117

45.4
59.1
51.8
93.0

2,301
3,754
2,673
1,081

138
1,110
348
762

2,163
2,644
2,325
319

383
239
204
35

22
28
13
16

361
211
191
20

14.3
6.0
7.1
3.2

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

2,037
1,556
481

721
462
259

35.4
29.7
54.0

544
328
216

113
28
84

431
299
132

177
134
43

14
3
11

164
131
33

24.6
29.1
16.7

Men
Women

973
1,064

358
363

36.8
34.1

252
292

66
47

186
245

106
72

11
3

94
69

29.6
19.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,246
791
678
113

362
360
271
88

29.0
45.4
40.0
78.1

241
303
218
85

19
94
34
60

221
209
185
25

121
57
53
4

6
8
6
2

115
49
47
2

33.4
15.7
19.5
4.2

1,079
811
268

449
276
173

41.6
34.0
64.6

389
225
165

107
35
72

282
190
93

60
51
9

10
7
2

50
44
6

13.4
18.6
5.0

Men
Women

585
494

241
208

41.2
42.1

207
182

68
39

139
143

34
26

6
3

28
23

14.1
12.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

628
451
331
121

190
259
150
109

30.3
57.4
45.4
90.2

149
241
138
103

17
89
24
65

131
151
114
37

42
18
12
6

7
3

35
15
12
4

22.0
7.1
8.0
5.8

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14




3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Looking
for
full-time
work

Total

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED

17,350

82.1
75.5
84.0

12,791
2,426
10,366

11,057
1,823
9,234

1,734
603
1,131

1,454
477
978

1,279
414
865

175
63
112

10.2
16.4
8.6

453
624

62
87
27

18.7
9.4
7.0
3.8

13,503

14,246
2,902
11,343

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,217
8,919
2,662
1,552

2,748
7,553
2,456
1,489

65.2
84.7
92.3
95.9

2,233
6,842
2,283
1,433

1,827
5,862
2,013
1,355

406
980
270
79

515

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,285
1,866
6,419

7,554
1,566
5,988

91.2
83.9
93.3

6,745
1,276
5,469

6,139
1,038
5,100

606
238
369

809
290
518

754
261
492

55
29
26

10.7
18.5
8.7

1,828

83.4
93.1
95.8
96.4

1,500
3,603
999
643

1,292
3,313

208
290
85
22

329
372

309

3,975
1,077
673

78
30

349
65
30

20
23
13

18.0
9.4
7.2
4.5

9,065
1,980
7,084

6,692
1,336
5,356

73.8
67.5
75.6

6,046
1,150
4,897

4,918
784

1,128
365
763

646
187
459

525
152
373

121
34

9.7
14.0
8.6

2,025
4,648
1,538
854

919
3,578
1,379
816

45.4
77.0
89.7
95.6

733
3,239
1,284

197

186

690

339
95
26

144
275
81
26

43
64
14

790

536
2,549
1,099
734

20.3
9.5
6.9
3.2

14,246
3,150
11,096

11,994
2,463
9,531

84.2
78.2
85.9

10,955
2,110
8,845

9,539
1,594
7,944

1,416
516
901

1,039
353

900
307
593

139
46
93

8.7
14.3
7.2

Men
Women

6,833
7,413

6,355
5,638

93.0
76.1

5,765
5,190

5,284
4,254

481
936

591
448

550
349

40
99

9.3
7.9

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,411
7,257
2,189
1,390

2,300
6,301
2,049
1,343

67.4
86.8
93.6
96.6

1,919
5,813
1,929
1,294

1,583
5,018
1,711
1,227

336
796

381
488

321
425

218
66

120

60
63
17

49

103
50

16.6
7.7
5.9
3.7

2,656
625
2,031

1,909
390

1,524
272
1,252

1,236

288

1,519

71.9
62.3
74.8

193
1,043

79
209

385
117
268

356
103
252

29
14
15

20.2
30.1
17.6

Men
Women

1,247
1,409

1,022
887

82.0
63.0

818
706

704
533

114
173

204
181

197
158

7
22

20.0
20.4

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

701

1,471
403
80

374
1,107
351
76

53.3
75.3
87.1
95.5

63
170
47

128
210

305
76

183
728
258
68

125
190
40

3
20
6

34.3
19.0
13.2
.5

2,200
549
1,652

1,634
364

74.2
66.3
76.9

1,451
291
1,161

1,276
222
1,054

175
68
106

182
73
109

166
62
105

16
11
5

11.2
20.1

1,270

Men
Women

1,111
1,089

1,014
619

91.3
56.8

905
546

801
476

104
70

109
73

103
64

7
9

10.8
11.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,173
800

752
667
161
53

64.1
83.3
94.7

674
590

593
507

81
83

78
77

135
52

125
52

10

26

8
6
2

10.4
11.5
16.4

1

1

70
71
24
1

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

3,847

20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

2,192
4,271
1,124

914
620

4,134

185

56

711
173
56

146
57

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

170
57

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




8.6

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,853
6,128
856
2,478
2,794
1,725

7,899
5,799
622
2,034
3,143
2,100

7,277
5,843
817
2,344
2,682
1,434

7,318
5,524
582
1,937
3,005
1,794

6,983
5,594
749
2,259
2,586
1,389

7,069
5,334
537
1,871
2,926
1,735

294
249
68
85
96
45

249
190
45
66
79
59

4.0
4.3
8.3
3.6
3.6
3.1

3.4
3.4
7.7
3.4
2.6
3.3

19,741
8,920
6,379
4,442

20,707
9,165
6,997
4,545

18,785
8,541
6,074
4,170

19,703
8,768
6,657
4,278

17,974
8,147
5,838
3,989

18,974
8,410
6,418
4,146

811
394
236
181

729
358
239
132

4.3
4.6
3.9
4.3

3.7
4.1
3.6
3.1

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
October 1988
Employed

Unemployed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

96,007
2,198
264
1,934
93,809
10,256
83,553
72,294
11,261

94,489
2,094
248
1,846
92,395
10,025
82,369
71,261
11,109

1,518
104
16
88
1,414
231
1,184
1,033
152

20,243
4,268
2,268
2,000
15,975
2,939

Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

57,094
1,246
55,847
5,603
50,245
43,178
7,066

56,234
1,188
55,046
5,479
49,567
42,589
6,978

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

38,914
952
37,962
4,652
33,310
29,117
4,194

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

13,037
9,392
3,644

17,093
3,945
2,212
1,733
13,148
2,414
10,734
7,471
3,262

3,150
323
56
267
2,827
525
2,303
1,921
382

4,694
448
64
383
4,247
896
3,351
3,065
286

1,488
666
442
244
801
250
552
433
118

860
58
801
124
678
589
88

6,564
2,007
4,558
1,257
3,301
1,803
1,498

5,296
1,854
3,442
1,032
2,410
1,056
1,354

1,268
153
1,116
225
891
747
144

2,680
282
2,398
511
1,887
1,701
186

588
368
220
100
120
54
65

38,255
906
37,349
4,546
32,803
28,673
4,131

659
46
613
106
507
444
63

13,679
2,261
11,417
1,681
9,736
7,588
2,149

11,797
2,091
9,706
1,382
8,324
6,415
1,909

1,882
170
1,711
299
1,412
1,173
240

2,014
166
1,849
384
1,464
1,364
100

900
319
582
150
432
379
53

50,143
1,096
49,048
4,804
44,245
37,896
6,348

49,433
1,048
48,386
4,697
43,689
37,413
6,276

710
48
662
107
556
483
72

5,646
1,764
3,882
1,072
2,811
1,430
1,381

4,686
1,640
3,046
893
2,154
890
1,264

960
124
836
179
657
540
117

2,041
212
1,829
366
1,463
1,321
142

436
271
165
79
86
38
48

32,762
831
31,930
4,056
27,873
24,253
3,620

32,221
790
31,430
3,962
27,467
23,896
3,571

541
41
500
94
406
357
49

12,172
2,010
10,163
1,378
8,786
6,876
1,909

10,673
1,857
8,816
1,181
7,636
5,921
1,715

1,499
153
1,347
197
1,150
955
194

1,377
125
1,252
246
1,005
922
83

719
249
469
113
356
312
45

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,250
122
5,128
648
4,480
3,920
560

5,125
113
5,012
637
4,375
3,830
545

125
9
116
11
105
90
15

656
192
464
107
356
263
93

392
168
224
67
157
87
70

264
24
240
40
199
176
23

574
67
507
141
366
331
35

135
88
47
14
34
17
17

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,817
101
4,716
479
4,237
3,792
445

4,724
97
4,627
470
4,157
3,718
439

93
4
89
9
80
74
6

1,150
186
965
233
732
525
206

815
169
646
139
507
341
166

335
17
319
94
225
184
40

566
39
527
122
405
391
14

158
57
101
34
68
60
8

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

98,802

66.5

93,724

5,078

5.1

49,687

22,209

8,267

2,221

16,990

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,918
26,093
962
12,863

78.3
91.9
93.2
59.8

38,836
25,480
854
12,501

1,082
613
108
362

2.7
2.3
11.2
2.8

11,045
2,314
70
8,661

214
80
1
133

208
111
1
95

907
329
13
565

9,717
1,794
54
7,869

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

29,439
26,335
720
2,384

57.8
67.8
66.6
21.6

28,407
25,480
613
2,314

1,032
854
108
70

3.5
3.2
15.0
2.9

21,524
12,501
362
8,661

17,449
11,080
329
6,040

364
309
5
50

358
127
6
225

3,353
985
22
2,346

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

13,013
4,840
4,639
3,533

62.6
51.7
75.8
66.5

11,711
4,223
4,246
3,242

1,302
617
394
291

10.0
12.7
8.5
8.2

7,774
4,517
1,480
1,777

685
81
119
485

5,490
4,178
1,163
149

322
20
39
263

1,277
238
158
881

Women who maintain families

6,889

63.3

6,338

551

8.0

3,994

2,720

216

186

871

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,612
1,446
1,509
2,657

60.2
47.6
75.0
62.2

4,794
1,107
1,290
2,397

818
339
219
260

14.6
23.5
14.5
9.8

3,709
1,589
502
1,618

742
86
114
542

1,631
1,324
223
84

286
10
26
250

1,050
170
140
740

Men who maintain families

2,185

77.5

2,057

129

5.9

636

36

43

80

477

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,746
303
462
981

63.5
52.5
76.3
62.5

1,582
246
422
914

164
57
40
67

9.4
18.7
8.7
6.8

1,005
274
143
588

363
18
47
298

315
222
66
27

82

246
33
28
185

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




2
80

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

111
1,283

1,114
622
1,178

6.0
4.1
7.2
9.3

5.3
3.7
5.7
8.4

4.3
2.6
5.9
7.8

2,323
999
546
778

2,095
950
413
732

5.0
3.8
6.3
7.0

4.5
3.5
4.8
6.5

10.7
5.5
9.9
17.9

866
192
209
465

724
128
187
410

12.9
7.7
10.9
20.2

10.8
5.4
9.5
17.5

4.1
3.2
6.7
6.9

3.6
2.7
6.4
5.9

2,042
1,008
677
357

1,896
972
538
386

4.7
3.7
6.5
6.1

4.2
3.4
5.2
6.2

1,550
882
309
359

3.7
3.0
6.3
5.9

3.2
2.4
5.8
5.0

1,460
820
All
163

1,362
824
349
189

3.9
3.4
5.8
3.6

3.6
3.3
4.2
4.0

410
177
86

399
164
91

147

146

8.0
5.7
9.5
13.2

7.6
5.4
9.7
11.7

519
159
182
178

472
113
169
190

9.7
6.9
9.9
14.8

8.7
5.1
8.8
14.5

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,549
1,406
447
1,696

3,267
1,182
441

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,729
1,180
348

2,477
974
328

1,201

1,175

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

712
189
91
433

710
178

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

4.9
2.8
6.6
9.0

3,297
1,236

2,915

4.7
3.1
6.3
8.3

96
435

11.0
5.8
9.8
19.1

2,261
1,276
428
557

2,007
1,073
416
516

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,793
1,063
333
397

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




Unemployment
rates

1,644

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

5.4
3.3
6.8
9.8

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates
Men

Total

Total

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,182

5.7

5.0

5.4

4.9

6.0

5.3

630
378
252

583
291
292

2.2
2.7
1.7

1.9
2.0
1.9

2.0
2.5
1.5

1.5
1.5
1.4

2.4
2.9
1.9

2.5
2.8
2.3

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,575
104
652
820

1,455
94

672
689

4.2
2.9
4.5
4.2

3.9
2.5
4.6
3.6

3.3
2.4
3.3
3.8

3.7
2.8
3.4
4.6

4.7
3.3
5.8
4.4

4.0
2.2
5.8
3.4

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,176
42
86
1,048

1,130
53
97
980

7.3
4.2
4.5
8.0

6.8
5.5
4.7
7.3

7.1
4.2
8.2

6.3
(1)
4.2
7.1

7.4
4.2
5.7
7.9

7.1
4.9
7.2
7.4

704
163
361
180

712
176
345
190

4.9
3.5
6.6
4.2

5.0
3.9
6.3
4.3

4.8
3.5
6.3
4.1

4.9
3.8
6.2
4.4

5.6
2.9
18.8
4.6

5.1
7.3
10.5

1,602
711
318
573
165
409

1,368
616
210
542
141
401

8.3

8.0
6.8
6.2
11.3

9.4

7.0
6.9
4.1
9.8
13.5
9.0

17.4
9.7

6.6
6.0
4.1
9.8
13.2
8.8

Farming, forestry, and fishing

260

238

6.8

6.3

6.7

6.2

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

864
573
147
143

678
458
120
100

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,845

Women

8.1
6.1
10.8
17.3

O

4.1

9.2
9.9
5.0
8.4

8.1
8.2
3.8
9.8

0

O

8.1

9.5

7.7

6.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Jnemployment rates
Women

Men

Total

Total

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,182

5.7

5.0

5.4

4.9

6.0

5.3

5,015

4,709

5.6

5.2

5.4

5.0

5.8

5.3

67
575

63
519

7.6
9.3

8.1
8.2

8.0
9.5

8.8
8.6

5.1
7.5

4.2
4.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,187
635
70
24
44
41
70
106
89
141
94
48
24
27
552
171
50
107
27
72
45
48
31

1,085
589
51
27
39
27
12
108
71
139
59
80
21
34
496
135
38
90
19
83
44
51
36

5.5
4.9
9.0
3.7
6.5
4.9
5.2
4.1
4.1
5.3
7.5
3.4
3.4
5.6
6.2
9.3
6.6
8.7
3.7
4.1
3.5
5.8
7.8

5.0
4.6
6.9
3.9
6.3
3.2
5.4
4.2
3.4
5.1
4.6
5.5
3.2
6.6
5.5
7.6
5.2
7.2
2.6
4.5
3.3
5.7
8.1

4.9
4.7
9.6
3.7
6.2
5.1
5.1
3.3
3.0
4.9
6.7
3.4
3.7
4.3
5.2
9.1
4.3
3.5
4.4
3.9
2.5
5.9
5.7

4.5
4.4
7.4
3.6
5.2
3.5
5.0
4.1
2.4
4.9
3.7
5.9
2.9
7.6
4.7
6.4
5.0
6.8
2.7
4.2
2.7
5.0
7.3

6.7
5.7
4.7
3.6
7.5
3.9
5.5
6.8
5.5
6.7
11.2
3.2
3.0
6.9
7.6
9.8
8.7
10.2
1.5
4.3
6.1
5.6
11.4

5.9
5.0
3.5
4.5
11.2
.6
6.3
4.4
4.9
5.9
8.3
3.9
3.6
4.6
6.6
9.7
5.4
7.3
2.3
4.8
4.7
7.1
9.9

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

248
188
60
1,460
184
1,276
250
1,229
459
770

198
154
45
1,331
134
1,197
241
1,272
432
840

4.1
5.4
2.3
6.4
4.1
7.0
3.3
5.0
3.4
7.1

3.2
4.2
1.7
5.8
3.0
6.4
3.3
4.9
3.0
7.4

3.6
4.9
1.6
5.7
3.6
6.5
3.5
4.9
2.5
6.8

3.4
4.3
1.9
4.8
2.3
5.7
3.6
4.7
2.4
6.5

5.3
7.2
3.5
7.1
5.3
7.4
3.2
5.1
3.8
7.3

2.7
3.9
1.5
6.7
4.7
7.0
3.1
5.1
3.3
8.2

186
780
864

173
623
678

10.0
2.7
_

9.4
2.2
_

9.5
2.6
_

9.1
2.0
_

11.9
2.9
_

10.4
2.4
_

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,845

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

1,134
180
34
146
182
316
457

5,053
2,344
621
1,723
842
1,317
550

4,572
1,962
550
1,412
851
1,295
465

1,578
667
128
539
161
482
269

1,434
618
127
491
177
448
191

100.0
15.0
4.4
10.6
14.6
27.4
43.0

100.0
15.9
3.0
12.9
16.0
27.8
40.3

100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
16.7
26.1
10.9

100.0
42.9
12.0
30.9
18.6
28.3
10.2

100.0
42.3
8.1
34.1
10.2
30.5
17.1

100.0
43.1
8.9
34.2
12.4
31.2
13.3

2.6
2.5
4.7
7.4

2.3
2.4
4.2
6.0

2.3
.8
1.3
.5

1.8
.8
1.2
.4

5.1
1.2
3.7
2.0

4.6
1.3
3.4
1.4

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,845
3,082
768
2,314
1,030
1,873
861

6,182
2,641
691
1,950
1,059
1,805
676

2,875
1,929
495
1,434
419
444
83

2,618
1,632
440
1,192
421
486
79

2,644
954
214
740
417
1,065
207

2,430
830
217
613
457
1,004
140

1,327
199
59
140
194
364
570

100.0
45.0
11.2
33.8
15.0
27.4
12.6

100.0
42.7
11.2
31.5
17.1
29.2
10.9

100.0
67.1
17.2
49.9
14.6
15.4
2.9

100.0
62.3
16.8
45.5
16.1
18.6
3.0

100.0
36.1
8.1
28.0
15.8
40.3
7.8

100.0
34.1
8.9
25.2
18.8
41.3
5.8

2.5
.9
1.6
.7

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

3.1
.7
.7
.1

2.6
.7
.8
.1

1.9
.8
2.1
.4

1.6
.9
1.9
.3

Oct.
1988

Black

White

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
October 1988
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

6,182

100.0

49.4

28.3

22.3

10.7

11.6

2,641
691
1,950
1,059
1,805
676

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

43.1
63.0
36.0
54.2
55.1
51.5

28.2
17.4
32.0
31.4
28.4
23.3

28.7
19.6
31.9
14.4
16.5
25.2

12.5
11.6
12.9
8.1
7.9
14.8

16.2
8.1
19.1
6.3
8.6
10.4

2,618

100.0

42.6

28.6

28.8

12.0

16.8

1,632
440
1,192
421
486
79

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.8
64.2
33.4
48.9
41.3
36.3

25.8
15.5
29.6
34.6
34.7
16.8

32.4
20.2
37.0
16.8
23.9
46.9

13.0
12.6
13.2
7.1
12.8
10.9

19.4
7.6
23.7
9.7
11.1
36.0

2,430

100.0

51.7

28.3

20.0

9.8

10.2

830
217
613
457
1,004
140

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.2
56.3
35.8
55.3
58.3
54.8

32.7
22.0
36.4
28.5
25.6
20.9

26.2
21.7
27.7
16.2
16.1
24.3

12.9
11.4
13.4
10.8
6.8
10.2

13.3
10.3
14.4
5.4
9.3
14.2

1,134

100.0

60.3

27.4

12.2

9.5

2.7

180
34
146
182
316
457

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

64.2

29.2

6.6

0

O

O

33.5
31.2
27.5
25.1

8.5
4.3
6.4
21.7

57.9
64.5
66.1
53.2

6.2

0

7.8
3.8
4.0
16.9

.7
.5
2.4
4.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,845

6,182

100.0

100.0

5,237

4,694

100.0

100.0

3,211
2,032
1,539
494
1,602
712
891
364
527

3,056
1,747
1,380
367
1,379
660
719
275
444

46.9
29.7
22.5
7.2
23.4
10.4
13.0
5.3
7.7

49.4
28.3
22.3
5.9
22.3
10.7
11.6
4.4
7.2

2,250
1,546
1,129
416
1,442
629
812
331
482

2,102
1,380
1,058
322
1,213
570
643
242
401

43.0
29.5
21.6
7.9
27.5
12.0
15.5
6.3
9.2

44.8
29.4
22.5
6.9
25.8
12.1
13.7
5.2
8.5

13.7
5.7

13.1
5.1

15.6
6.6

14.8
6.2

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

27
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
weeks weeks
and
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

October 1988

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,182
1,134
1,145
1,822
1,072
605
328
76

3,056
684
642
871
475
232
122
30

1,747
311
290
566
304
160
100
15

660
108
101
185
108
102
49
8

719
31
111
201
184
111
57
24

13.1
6.8
10.6
12.7
16.7
19.9
17.6
31.7

5.1
4.1
4.5
5.4
6.7
8.3
7.6
12.4

46.9
59.6
52.2
43.7
42.3
38.2
38.0
24.3

49.4
60.3
56.1
47.8
44.3
38.3
37.3
38.6

23.4
10.5
15.5
24.7
28.7
35.9
42.8
38.2

22.3
12.2
18.5
21.1
27.3
35.3
32.2
41.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,267
649
611
898
531
326
199
52

1,492
376
332
397
194
105
69
19

936
187
156
281
161
81
63
8

382
69
61
96
70
51
29
6

458
18
62
125
106
90
38
19

15.1
6.9
10.9
14.9
19.8
26.6
19.2

5.9
4.3
4.6
6.1
8.5
10.7
7.8

43.9
57.9
54.2
40.6
33.0
34.5
36.6

45.7
58.0
54.3
44.1
36.6
32.1
34.6

27.2
10.2
17.5
27.8
36.6
43.6
45.4

25.7
13.3
20.2
24.6
33.1
43.1
33.8

0

O

O

0

0

0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,915
485
534
924
540
278
129
24

1,564
308
310
474
281
127
53
11

812
124
135
285
143
79
37
8

278
39
40
88
38
51
19
1

261
13
49
76
78
21
19
4

10.8
6.6
10.3
10.5
13.7
12.0
15.1

4.7
3.9
4.3
4.9
4.8
6.4
7.4

50.2
61.4
50.0
47.0
51.6
42.2
40.1

53.7
63.5
58.1
51.3
51.9
45.5
41.5

19.3
10.9
13.4
21.2
20.9
27.5
39.3

18.5
10.8
16.7
17.8
21.5
26.2
29.8

0

0

O

O

O

0

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,572
2,477
2,095

2,297
1,120
1,177

1,279
700
578

493
301
191

504
355
149

12.6
15.3
9.4

5.0
6.0
4.5

48.9
46.2
52.2

50.2
45.2
56.2

22.7
25.9
18.9

21.8
26.5
16.2

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,434
710
724

680
335
345

418
203
215

145
76
69

190
96
94

14.6
15.2
14.1

5.6
5.5
5.8

39.8
33.4
45.1

47.4
47.2
47.7

27.1
33.3
22.0

23.4
24.2
22.6

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,182
441
1,644

456
185
851

351
129
456

149
50
183

225
78
154

18.8
19.4
11.4

7.2
6.5
4.8

37.9
36.9
50.7

38.6
41.9
51.7

35.3
34.2
18.6

31.7
29.0
20.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,114
622
1,178

590
316
658

311
175
325

95
76
107

117
55
89

11.2
11.7
10.0

4.7
4.9
4.5

52.1
42.3
53.1

53.0
50.8
55.8

19.8
25.6
15.1

19.1
21.0
16.6

...

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
WGGKS
and
weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks

Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
1987 1988 1987 1988

October 1988
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

583
1,455
1,130
712
1,368
238

234
713
617
336
685
112

203
432
342
199
319
87

86
145
80
78
154
16

60
165
91
99
209
23

13.1
12.3
10.2
14.5
16.1
11.5

7.6
5.2
4.6
5.5
5.0
5.6

35.6
46.3
50.8
46.2
45.2
52.0

40.1
49.0
54.6
47.2
50.1
46.8

30.9
23.0
18.2
26.5
27.1
14.6

25.1
21.3
15.1
24.9
26.6
16.5

173
535
1,087
591
496
242
1,341
1,708
200

80
273
496
212
?84
105
717
867
89

69
147
286
169
117
63
392
504
53

17
40
143
96
47
35
101
177
30

7
74
163
115
48
39
131
159
28

8.8
12.7
15.9
19.0
12.2
17.4
11.4
11.2
15.6

5.9
4.9
6.1
8.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
5.0
7.3

57.3
52.7
37.9
32.4
44.2
50.1
49.3
45.0
43.4

46.1
51.1
45.6
35.8
57.2
43.3
53.5
50.8
44.5

12.0
21.5
32.9
36.9
28.4
26.0
20.6
21.9
30.9

14.0
21.3
28.1
35.6
19.2
30.5
17.3
19.7
28.8

678

349

158

100

70

12.9

4.8

53.9

51.6

18.1

25.2

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and Jobsearch methods used
October 1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency
7.7
5.1
8.2
7.0
10.9
8.9
10.5

6,182
1,134
1,145
1,822
1,072
605
328
76

5,357
1,081
1,006
1,558
902
473
267
70

19.2
9.8
17.9
22.4
24.5
24.7
20.2

3,267
649
611
898
531
326
199
52

2,741
622
528
712
428
248
153
49

21.6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,915
485
534
924
540
278
129
24

2,616
459
478
846
474
224
114
21

White, 16 years and over ..,
Men
Women

4,572
2,477
2,095

3,897
2,053
1,845

19.0
22.2
15.5

Black, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

1,434
710
724

1,302
621
681

19.8
19.0
20.6

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
20
25
35
45
55
65

to 24 years
to 34 years
to 44 years
to 54 years
to 64 years
years and over

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

74.4
79.6
77.7
72.5
69.0
73.8
71.9

34.4
20.3
36.9
40.9
39.0
28.5
41.6

17.4
14.8
16.8
16.6
20.1
19.7
20.6

4.7
4.4
3.5
4.4
4.7
9.3
4.9

Average
number of
methods
used
1.58
1.34
1.61
1.64
1.68
1.65
1.70

O

0

O

0

22.9

8.1
5.3
8.7
7.7
13.3
4.4
13.7

74.5
77.8
76.3
73.0
69.2
77.4
75.2

32.5
19.8
33.0
36.9
40.2
29.4
47.1

19.7
17.0
20.6
18.5
21.5
22.6
19.0

5.2
4.7
4.0
3.8
6.1
11.7
4.6

O

0

O

O

0

16.8
9.8
17.2
19.7
16.9
20.1

7.3
4.8
7.3
6.4
8.6
13.8
6.1

74.4
82.1
79.3
72.0
69.0
70.1
67.5

36.5
20.9
41.2
44.2
38.0
27.7
34.2

15.0
11.8
12.1
14.9
18.8
16.5
22.8

4.2
4.1
3.1
4.8
3.4
6.3
5.3

1.54
1.34
1.60
1.62
1.55
1.54
1.53

O

O

0

O

O

7.9
8.2
7.5

74.0
74.5
73.3

35.8
33.5
38.2

16.8
19.4
13.8

4.9
5.5
4.3

1.58
1.63
1.53

6.8
6.4
6.9

76.4
74.9
78.0

29.4
29.6
29.4

19.4
20.9
18.1

3.8
3.9
3.7

1.56
1.55
1.57

9.8
18.6
25.7

32.9
28.6

16.7

O

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

0

0
1.62
1.34
1.61
1.66
1.83
1.74
1.82

0

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
October 1988
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

5,357
1,944
1,057
1,697
658

19.2
25.8
20.2
14.2
11.2

3,267
1,750
529
653
336

2,741
1,278
537
604
322

2,915
892
531
1,152
340

2,616
666
520

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,182
2,641
1,059
1,805
676

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1,092
336

Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

7.7
7.5
11.0
7.0
5.0

74.4
76.4
73.2
70.4
81.3

34.4
35.2
39.9
35.9
19.3

17.4
19.2
14.9
17.9
14.9

4.7
4.7
4.5
6.5

1.58
1.69
1.64
.52
.32

21.6
27.5
20.3
14.7
13.0

8.1
7.9
10.6
7.3
6.5

74.5
76.7
74.9
66.7
79.2

32.5
32.8
43.0
30.5
17.4

19.7
21.2
16.0
21.4
16.5

5.2
4.9
4.7
8.4
1.6

.62
.71
.69

16.8
22.4
20.2
13.9
9.5

7.3
6.6
11.2
7.0
3.6

74.4
75.7
71.5
72.3
83.3

36.5
39.9
36.9
38.8
21.1

15.0
15.5
13.7
16.0
13.4

4.2
4.2
4.4
5.5

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26




Average
number of
methods

Placed
or
answered
ads

Other

used

1.49
1.34
1.54
1.64
1.58
1.54
1.31

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




Women

Men

Total
Industry and age

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

113,898

116,250

62,692

6,465
2,532
3,934
13,195
81,685
33,960
28,969
18,757

3,249

63,658
3,252
1,288
1,964
6,861

51,206
3,130
1,315

52,592

6,379
2,601

3,779
13,467
79,198

33,692
27,772
17,735

1,286

1,964
6,990

43,790
18,780
15,174
9,836
6,732

44,982
18,987

14,912

15,764

12,598

7,898
4,943
3,024
1,920
1,247
704
35
15
20
41

4,038

3,178

6,940
4,681
3,284

1,931

10,230
6,616
3,943
2,672
1,948

3,297
225
105
119
352
1,924
851
604
469
488
261
228
308

3,316
238
106
132
320
1,955
800
645
510
471
271
200
332

2,593
190

2,598
198

110,601
6,155
2,496

112,934
6,228
2,426
3,802

60,099
3,060
1,196
1,864

1,851

12,874
79,731
33,159
28,323

6,679
42,347
18,119

6,592
43,501

14,729

18,344
15,303

18,248
11,150
6,668
4,481

9,497
6,342
3,837
2,505
1,673

9,854
6,247
3,725
2,522
1,665

11,675
7,062
4,614

3,659
13,114
77,274
32,841

27,168
17,265
11,187

6,801
4,386
2,871

11,621

2,952

2,694

90
100
311
1,443
660
444
339
390
201
189
258

1,815
6,477
35,408

85

113
268

1,243
1,970

6,334
36,704
14,973
13,204
8,527
5,005

2,996
2,009
1,336

160
130

718
40
22
19
52
476
157
184
134

98
60
38
49

102
52
49
49

50,502
3,095
1,300
1,795
6,436
34,928
14,722
12,438
7,768
4,845
2,964
1,881

51,874
3,173
1,222

1,480
643
461
376
369
219
150
283

481
190

61,060
3,055

1,204

3,213

1,198

1,951
6,282
36,229
14,816
13,020
8,393

4,903
2,944
1,959
1,287

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22.

Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
Oct.
1987

Total

Women

Men

Oct.
1988

16 years
and over
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

20 years
and over
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

16 years
and over
Oct.
1987

20 years
and over

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

113,898 116,250 62,692 63,658 59,442 60,405 51,206 52,592 48,076 49,379

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

28,309 29,616 15,730 16,285 15,622 16,218 12,579 13,331 12,463 13,215
5,535
8,624 5,280 5,578 5,221
8,449 8,651
8,421
13,729 14,230
222
225
222
225
292
339
293
340
516
564
3,438 3,244 3,409
3,281
6,547 6,287 6,521
9,985 6,310
9,591
1,918 1,752 1,904
1,774
1,811
1,800
1,8111 1,794
3,729
3,574
7,594 7,299 7,753 7,242 7,680
7,281
7,634 7,201
14,580 15,387
96
102
102
96
1,682
1,633
1,684
1,634
1,786
1,729
206
291
288
206
465
435
465
433
756
641
90
100
100
90
306
304
306
303
405
393
167
149
167
149
714
651
714
651
880
800
1,836
1,899
1,898
308 1,836
311
296
299
2,209
2,135
277
300
295
285
443
443
441
446
743
731
2,697 2,914 2,670 2,879
1,061
1,071
965
979
3,985
3,676
152
147
132
132
614
614
564
564
766
696
1,828
1,785
1,804
2,027 1,916 2,000 1,809
1,969
3,855
3,778

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,667 35,819 12,582 12,602 11,963 12,047 23,085 23,216 21,407 21,452
1,773
1,689
1,752
1,831
3,604
3,507
1,711
1,810
1,768
1,796
1,369
1,211
1,121
1,108
207
993
246 1,004
248
205
1,101
1,132
226
229
220
236
862
878
895
875
1,134
1,164
426
467
424
471
702
693
708
685
13,680 13,879
5,635 5,738
7,045
7,069 6,702 6,723 6,635 6,811
3,643
3,634
1,236
1,142
1,204
1,155
2,407 2,450 2,401
2,479
2,540
2,344
1,022
913
938 1,071
1,449
1,397
1,406
1,469
1,543
1,563
272
259
269
266
1,266
1,271
1,289
1,297
6,090
6,059
3,197
4,182 3,270
1,594 4,221
1,908
1,542
1,838
63
80
46
50
50
55
13
13
24
25
18,480 18,336
3,742 3,702 3,494 3,514 14,738 14,633 14,083 13,961
401
454
398
457
313
375
716
832
315
375
604
577
574
608
294
304
281
898
926
318
84 4,945 4,792 4,763 4,609
84
93
106
5,052 4,876
215 2,186 2,258 2,139 2,200
219
201
208
2,394
2,477
322
341
334
357
602
601
628
623
980
962
2,106
2,167 1,919 2,018 6,208 6,222 5,828 5,839
8,314
8,389

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
,

14,908 15,409
915
953
1,851
1,990
12,104 12,503
5,138
5,137
1,842
1,953
2,801
3,018
2,322
2,395

5,734
39
1,579
4,117
1,886
181
1,660
389

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,722 13,663
4,464 4,333
5,132
5,113
4,217
4,126

12,543
4,303
5,043
3,197

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,738 18,206
8,099 8,271
6,696 6,862
3,727 3,790
3,072
2,968
1,409
1,403
4,960
4,896
3,608 3,707
1,288
1,253
4,743 4,975
902
791
4,072
3,951

13,096 13,431
4,821
4,757
3,920 3,971
2,607
2,622
1,364
1,298
837
850
4,503 4,487
3,255 3,278
1,248
1,209
3,836 4,122
755
881
3,241
3,081

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28




3,554
1,392
2,163

3,537
1,350
2,187

3,006
1,154
1,852

4,826
27
1,532
3,268
1,262
158
1,506
341

5,091
18
1,683
3,390
1,282
183
1,552
374

9,174
914
273
7,987
3,252
1,661
1,141
1,933

9,455
885
273
8,298
3,239
1,757
1,324
1,978

8,121
733
251
7,137
2,640
1,581
1,088
1,828

8,419
756
262
7,402
2,608
1,687
1,256
1,850

12,453 12,250
4,192
4,218
5,005 4,894
3,255 3,139

12,132
4,077
4,864
3,191

1,179
162
89
929

1,210
140
108
962

1,142
159
85
898

1,167
136
104
927

12,024 12,241
4,590
4,614
3,797 3,831
2,535
2,524
1,262
1,307
783
793
4,345 4,362
3,167
3,141
1,195
1,204
3,089 3,265
689
786
2,479
2,400

4,642
3,341
2,775
1,105
1,670
566
393
353
40
907
36
871

4,775
3,450
2,891
1,182
1,708
559
473
429
44
853
22
831

4,436
3,264
2,707
1,088
1,619
556
379
338
40
793
37
756

4,557
3,357
2,825
1,160
1,665
533
462
418
44
738
19
719

2,676
1,131
1,546

548
238
311

605
215
390

508
236
272

569
213
356

5,954
30
1,718
4,206
1,898
196
1,694
417

2,932
1,135
1,797

2,757
1,144
1,613

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Women

Men

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

113,898
100.0

116,250
100.0

62,692
100.0

63,658
100.0

51,206
100.0

52,592
100.0

24.9

25.5
12.2

25.1
13.5
11.6

25.6
13.6

24.6
10.3

12.0
19.8
2.9
11.1
5.8

14.3
45.1
3.3

25.3
10.6
14.7

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.1
12.8
31.3
3.1
12.0
16.2
13.1
.8
1.6

10.6
12.0
15.6
7.1
4.3
4.2
3.1

13.2
30.8
3.1
11.9
15.8

13.3
.8
1.7
10.8
11.8
15.7

7.1
4.3
4.3
3.0

20.1

2.9

13.0

44.1
3.4

6.1
4.8

19.6
21.1
7.6
7.0
6.5
4.6

28.8
17.9
1.8
.5
15.6
2.3
9.1
6.5
.8
1.8
1.1

13.0
27.8
18.0
1.7
.5
15.8
2.3
9.1
6.6
.9
1.6
1.2

11.2
6.0
9.1
.1
2.5
6.6
20.0
20.9
7.6
7.2

9.4

0
2.7
6.6

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent ,
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

98,882
100.0

100,723
100.0

55,038
100.0

55,789
100.0

43,843
100.0

44,934
100.0

25.8
12.7

26.7

26.2
14.2

26.8

25.4
10.7

26.5
11.2
15.3
44.8
3.3

13.2
31.8

3.1
12.6
16.1
11.9
.7

13.0
13.6
31.1

3.1
12.5
15.6

12.0
.7
1.6
9.7

11.9
20.4

2.9
11.9
5.5

14.5
12.3
20.0
2.9
11.8
5.3
8.4

14.7
46.2
3.3
29.4

13.3
28.2

16.6

16.5

1.5
.5

13.4

3.9
3.3

12.1
14.8
6.7
4.1
4.0
3.2

8.1
.1
2.4
5.7
20.7
19.7
7.2
6.8
5.7
5.0

11,582
100.0

11,873
100.0

5,749
100.0

5,906
100.0

5,833
100.0

5,967
100.0

15.7
7.1
8.7
27.2
2.6
7.3
17.3
23.1
2.0
2.5
18.7
8.8
23.4
10.4
6.5
6.5
1.8

14.4
6.2
8.2
28.3
2.8
7.7

13.2
6.8
6.4

11.9
5.5
6.4
17.3
2.1

18.3
7.3
10.9
37.5
3.5

17.0
7.0

5.1

17.7

9.8

10.0

9.3
24.6

23.2
1.7
2.9
18.6
8.9
23.4
10.6
5.9
6.8
1.7

17.8
.1
3.9
13.9
15.7
33.1
10.6
12.0
10.6
3.4

17.4
.2
4.5
12.6

1.5
9.6
12.5
14.7
6.7
4.1

2.5
5.8
20.1
19.9
7.2
6.7
6.0
4.8

14.6
2.3
8.4
5.9
.7
1.7
1.2

1.5
.4
14.6
2.3
8.6
6.1
.9
1.6
1.3

O

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

16.7
1.8
5.1

15.9
34.3
11.7
10.7
11.9
3.2

28.4
3.8
1.1
23.4
1.9
13.8
10.3
1.0
2.5
.2

10.0
39.2
3.5
10.3
25.3
29.0
3.3
1.3
24.4
2.0

12.6
9.6

1.2
1.9
.3

Less than 0.05 percent.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
October 1988
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers

Total

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
Selfemployed
salary
workers
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

104,127
6,159
2,389
3,770
12,529
31,183
25,726
16,360
9,798
5,885
3,913
2,373

1,185
176
113
63
127
198
235
146
186
84
101
117

17,472
292
84
208
1,067
4,389
5,539
3,730
2,077
1,328
750
378

85,470
5,691
2,192
3,499
11,334
26,596
19,952
12,484
7,535
4,473
3,062
1,878

8,583
60
29
32
343
1,926
2,526
1,827
1,336
779
557
564

224
8
8
1
3
50
71
61
15
4
11
15

1,670
205
88
118
263
497
307
169
140
78
62
88

1,471
10
4
6
47
272
313
301
302
177
126
225

175
22
14
8
11
31
25
39
29
17
12
19

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,515
3,026
1,185
1,841
6,389
17,129
13,664
8,655
5,368
3,209
2,158
1,285

165
41
27
14
13
38
27
26
9
3
5
11

8,102
139
46
94
453
2,089
2,520
1,736
974
609
365
191

47,248
2,845
1,112
1,733
5,923
15,001
11,117
6,892
4,385
2,597
1,788
1,083

5,522
22
12
9
200
1,211
1,636
1,199
878
515
363
377

23
7
6
1
3
4
3
1
1

1,318
171
69
103
221
402
222
117
115
70
45
70

1,233
10
5
6
40
236
238
254
253
148
105
202

47
16
11
5
7
5
2
5
2
1

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

48,612
3,133
1,204
1,929
6,140
14,054
12,062
7,705
4,430
2,676
1,755
1,088

1,019
135
86
49
115
159
208
120
177
81
96
107

9,371
153
39
114
613
2,300
3,020
1,994
1,104
719
385
187

38,222
2,846
1,080
1,766
5,412
11,595
8,834
5,592
3,150
1,876
1,274
794

3,061
39
16
22
142
716
891
628
459
264
194
187

202
1
1

352
34
19
15
42
95
85
53
25
8
17
18

238

128
6
3
3
3
26
23
34
27
16
11

30




1
3

46
68
60
14
4
10
12

7
36
76
47
50
29
21
22

10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by Industry and occupation
(In thousands)
October 1988
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadministrative Private
cians
ployed
ProfesOther
trative,
Sales support, houseand
sional
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
and
equipment
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

3,316
750
7,775
21,298
12,597
8,701

79
124
993
2,522
1,512
1,010

87
83
158
1,732
1,160
572

17
32
47
686
506
180

16
17
91
788
332
456

92
71
492
2,393
1,328
1,066

18
13
33
322
178
144

23
258
4,354
4,037
2,743
1,293

5
16
79
6,862
3,790
3,072

67
105
523
723
397
326

17
30
987
1,145
569
576

2,896

8,032
23,744
4,636
19,108

921
2,046
537
1,509

432
465
114
351

261
140
52
88

274
9,823
1,711
8,112

2,182
2,401
837
1,564

244
4,215
53
4,162

1,275
1,438
282
1,156

102
329
153
177

1,812
1,036
521
515

518
1,810
361
1,448

11
41
14
27

7,942
37,908
1,190
36,718
24,383
5,484

1,961
4,440
1
4,440
2,462
1,143

224
11,427
12
11,415
10,254
780

139 1,959
885
2,045
11
885
2,034
1,686
128
25
238

3,101
6,143
5
6,138
4,403
1,459

272
7,992
119
7,873
4,328
1,386

160
1,872
14
1,858
382
246

16
830
7
823
209
32

13
602
4
598
367
77

17
407
39
368
84
44

80
351
64
287
79
55

915
915

17
87
82
5

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Paid absences
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Unpaid absences

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,713
2,284
1,401
18
39
970

4,619
2,205
1,320
13
32
1,049

4,602
2,234
1,369
14
39
945

4,525
2,177
1,299
11
32
1,006

2,375
1,636
508

2,415
1,605
537

1,745
418
746

1,712
407
700

()
231

273

582

605

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,470
1,287
773
410

2,307
1,223
625
460

2,374
1,242
744
388

2,231
1,203
608
420

1,285
960
270
55

1,284
914
267
103

800
182
401
217

729
192
318
219

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,243
997
629
617

2,312
982
695
635

2,228
993
625
610

2,293
973
691
630

1,091
676
238
177

1,131
692
270
169

945
236
344
364

983
216
383
385

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
October 1988

All
industries
Total 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

....

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours . . . .
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

111,631

3,222

108,409

100.0

100.0

100.0

28,253
764
4,652
13,346
9,491

808
47
165
379
217

27,445
717
4,487
12,967
9,274

25.3
.7
4.2
12.0
8.5

25.1
1.5
5.1
11.8
6.7

25.3
.7
4.1
12.0
8.6

83,378
7,103
42,045
34,230
11,840
12,903
9,487

2,414
146
681
1,587
234
408
945

80,964
6,957
41,364
32,643
11,606
12,494
8,543

74.7
6.4
37.7
30.7
10.6
11.6
8.5

74.9
4.5
21.1
49.3
7.3
12.7
29.3

74.7
6.4
38.2
30.1
10.7
11.5
7.9

39.4
43.9

46.2
53.5

39.2
43.6

-

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

28,253

8,939

19,314

27,445

8,718

18,728

4,668
2,125

1,518
1,221
61

3,150
904

4,452
1,990
58
157
71
2,174

1,415
1,128
58
157

3,037
862

22,993
13,286
1,346
1,548
97
5

7,302

61
162
74
2,246
23,584
13,668

162
74
2,246
7,420

1,362

1,362

1,595
102
5
3,033
1,664
2,156

1,390

16,164
13,668
205

102
5
3,033
1,529

1,664
627

3,030
1,638
2,045

22.5
21.9

24.6
27.8

21.5
19.2

1,611
7,880

728
4,774

883
3,106

71
2,174

1,346
1,362
97
5
3,030

15,691
13,286
186

1,464

1,638
581

22.6
22.0

24.7
27.8

21.6
19.3

1,541
7,733

684
4,725

857
3,008

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988

Industry

Total, 16 years and over

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

108,409

4,452

15,691

88,266

55,623

11,606

21,037

39.2

43.6

99,980

3,886

14,202

81,892

52,860

10,873

18,159

39.1

43.3

689

12

14

663

338

94

231

45.8

46.8

6,037

345

295

5,397

3,535

674

1,188

41.2

43.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,969
11,817
8,151

418
146
272

705
294
411

18,846
11,377
7,468

11,712
6,896
4,815

3,136
1,959
1,177

3,998
2,522
1,476

42.3
42.9
41.4

43.5
43.7
43.1

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,242
21,097
7,010

246
1,186
113

452
5,291
673

6,544
14,620
6,224

4,129
8,690
4,231

805
2,247
725

1,610
3,683
1,268

41.8
36.9
39.6

44.0
44.1
42.1

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

32,756
1,169
31,587
5,180

1,515
238
1,277
50

6,488
506
5,982
285

24,753
425
24,328
4,845

16,587
274
16,313
3,636

2,800
57
2,743
392

5,366
94
5,272
817

37.2
25.4
37.6
39.8

42.9
45.3
42.9
41.2

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,205
224

549
17

1,385
104

6,271
103

2,707
55

726
8

2,838
40

41.3
33.2

48.2
46.5

Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagrlcultural Industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

108,409
6,095
2,358
3,737
102,314
12,489
89,826
59,222
27,865
2,739

4,452
417
71
346
4,036
732
3,303
2,187
986
130

15,691
3,749
2,077
1,672
11,942
2,311
9,631
5,312
2,997
1,322

88,266
1,929
210
1,719
86,336
9,446
76,892
51,723
23,882
1,287

55,623
1,490
179
1,311
54,132
6,520
47,615
31,537
15,191
886

32,643
439
31
408
32,204
2,926
29,277
20,186
8,691
401

39.2
24.7
17.6
29.2
40.1
36.9
40.6
41.1
40.2
29.3

43.6
40.6
37.7
40.9
43.7
42.4
43.8
44.0
43.5
42.4

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

58,828
2,984
1,168
1,816
55,844
6,434
49,411
32,591
15,282
1,538

1,957
202
34
168
1,755
333
1,421
968
395
60

4,714
1,723
1,006
718
2,990
981
2,010
731
616
663

52,157
1,059
128
930
51,099
5,120
45,980
30,892
14,271
815

29,180
779
98
679
28,402
3,308
25,097
16,494
8,078
525

22,977
280
30
251
22,697
1,812
20,883
14,398
6,193
290

42.3
26.0
18.7
30.7
43.2
38.8
43.7
44.5
43.4
31.5

45.2
41.0
37.8
41.4
45.3
43.6
45.5
45.7
44.9
43.2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,581
3,111
1,190
1,920
46,470
6,055
40,415
26,631
12,582
1,201

2,495
215
36
179
2,281
400
1,881
1,220
593
70

10,977
2,026
1,071
955
8,951
1,331
7,621
4,581
2,380
660

36,109
870
83
786
35,238
4,324
30,913
20,830
9,609
471

26,442
710
81
628
25,731
3,211
22,518
15,043
7,113
359

9,667
160
2
158
9,507
1,113
8,395
5,787
2,496
112

35.6
23.4
16.4
27.7
36.4
34.9
36.6
37.1
36.5
26.4

41.4
40.1
37.6
40.3
41.4
41.0
41.4
41.5
41.3
40.9

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

93,655
51,366
42,289

3,541
1,542
1,999

14,047
4,139
9,909

76,067
45,685
30,381

46,498
24,656
21,840

29,569
21,029
8,541

39.4
42.6
35.4

43.8
45.4
41.5

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,247
5,573
5,674

781
355
425

1,136
361
775

9,330
4,857
4,474

7,091
3,471
3,622

2,239
1,386
852

38.3
40.2
36.4

41.8
43.1
40.5

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

37,704
5,736
15,389

803
296
858

1,389
268
3,057

35,512
5,172
11,474

18,790
2,936
7,456

16,722
2,236
4,018

44.3
42.8
37.3

45.7
45.1
43.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

27,448
9,728
12,404

1,215
566
715

6,372
1,197
3,408

19,861
7,965
8,281

14,795
5,603
6,042

5,066
2,362
2,239

35.4
38.1
33.8

41.1
42.0
41.4

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1988
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
=...
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

108,207

4,410

15,658

88,139

55,436

11,607

21,096

39.3

43.6

28,505
13,646
14,859
34,370
3.45C
13,362
17,557
14,832
905
1,872
12,055
13,104
17,396
7,876
4,729
4,792

450
151
300
1,173
59
615
499
1,219
154
39
1,026
554
1,014
320
241
453

2,801
706
2,095
6,498
435
2,920
3,144
4,264
434
168
3,662
475
1,619
350
408
861

25,254
12,789
12,465
26,699
2,957
9,827
13,915
9,350
317
1,666
7,367
12,074
14,763
7,205
4,080
3,478

13,718
6,410
7,307
18,144
2,048
4,944
11,152
6,547
206
948
5,392
7,514
9,514
4,866
2,097
2,551

3,374
1,794
1,580
3,143
382
1,371
1,389
1,100
55
235
811
1,770
2,220
1,195
578
447

8,162
4,584
3,578
5,412
526
3,512
1,374
1,703
56
483
1,164
2,790
3,030
1,145
1,404
481

42.1
44.2
40.2
37.5
39.1
39.0
36.1
34.2
24.8
43.3
33.5
42.1
40.1
40.8
43.0
36.1

45.0
45.8
44.3
42.5
42.2
45.9
40.2
42.9
43.4
46.4
42.1
43.8
43.5
42.5
46.5
41.9

58,525

1,914

4,651

51,960

28,966

7,259

15,734

42.4

45.2

15,792
8,357
7,435
12,191
1,776
6,872
3,544
5,711
31
1,613
4,067
11,938
12,893
4,628
4,285
3,980

192
74
118
234
17
121
96
282
9
32
241
499
707
140
201
366

792
267
524
1,311
122
733
456
1,142
18
109
1,015
358
1,048
124
249
675

14,808
8,016
6,793
10,646
1,637
6,018
2,992
4,287
4
1,472
2,811
11,081
11,137
4,364
3,834
2,939

6,950
3,489
3,461
5,538
1,033
2,461
2,043
2,857
1
813
2,043
6,815
6,807
2,752
1,922
2,132

1,860
1,067
793
1,520
229
875
416
547
3
213
331
1,630
1,702
778
548
377

5,998
3,459
2,539
3,589
375
2,682
532
883
446
437
2,635
2,629
834
1,364
430

45.1
46.3
43.8
42.3
41.6
44.4
38.7
37.8
(2)
44.5
35.3
42.4
41.0
42.2
44.1
36.4

46.9
47.4
46.3
45.6
43.5
47.9
42.1
44.0
(2)
47.0
42.5
44.0
44.3
43.5
46.8
42.1

49,682

2,495

11,007

36,180

26,470

4,348

5,362

35.6

41.4

12,713
5,288
7,424
22,179
1,674
6,491
14,014
9,122
874
259
7,988
1,166
4,504
3,248
444
811

258
76
181
939
42
494
403
937
145
7
785
55
306
180
39
86

2,009
439
1,570
5,187
312
2,187
2,688
3,122
416
59
2,647
118
571
227
159
186

10,446
4,773
5,673
16,052
1,320
3,809
10,923
5,062
313
194
4,556
993
3,626
2,841
246
539

6,768
2,921
3,846
12,607
1,015
2,483
9,108
3,689
205
135
3,349
699
2,707
2,113
175
418

1,514
727
787
1,623
153
496
973
554
52
22
480
140
517
417
30
70

2,164
1,125
1,039
1,823
152
830
841
819
56
36
727
155
401
311
40
50

38.4
40.9
36.5
34.9
36.5
33.3
35.4
31.9
25.1
35.3
32.6
39.1
37.4
38.7
33.1
34.5

42.4
43.0
41.9
40.5
40.7
42.8
39.7
41.9
43.4
42.4
41.8
42.1
41.1
41.0
42.2
40.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Employment status and sex
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

185,052
122,128
66.0
114,951
62.1
1,741
113,210
3,249
109,961
7,177
5.9
62,924

185,225
122,349
66.1
115,259
62.2
1,755
113,504
3,172
110,332
7,090
5.8
62,876

185,370
122,472
66.1
115,494
62.3
1,750
113,744
3,215
110,529
6,978
5.7
62,898

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

186,666
123,628
66.2
117,032
62.7
1,704
115,328
3,169
112,158
6,596
5.3
63,038

186,801
123,699
66.2
117,208
62.7
1,687
115,521
3,266

TOTAL
Noninstitutiona! population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

185,571 185,705 185,847 185,964 186,088 186,247 186,402 186,522
122,924 123,084 122,639 123,055 122,692 123,157 123,357 123,723
66.0
66.3
65.9
66.2
66.3
66.2
66.1
66.2
115,878 116,145 115,839 116,445 115,909 116,703 116,732 116,872
62.3
62.3
62.5
62.7
62.4
62.6
62.7
62.6
1,736 1,736 1,732 1,714 1,685 1,673 1,692
1,749
114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180
3,293 3,228 3,204 3,228 3,035 3,085 3,046 3,151
110,836 111,182 110,899 111,485 111,160 111,933 112,014 112,029
7,046 6,938 6,801
6,610 6,783 6,455 6,625 6,851
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.7
62,647 62,621 63,208 62,909 63,396 63,090 63,045 62,799

112,255
6,491
5.2
63,102

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

88,849 88,924 89,033
68,019 68,030 68,243
76.6
76.6
76.5
64,174 64,245 64,396
72.3
72.2
72.2
1,593 1,589 1,588
62,581 62,656 62,808
3,899 3,845 3,785 3,847
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
20,809 20,830 20,894 20,790

88,756
67,947
76.6
64,048
72.2
1,580
62,468

89,099
68,343
76.7
64,636
72.5
1,577
63,059
3,707
5.4
20,756

89,367 89,445
68,429 68,521
76.6
76.6
64,934 65,002
72.7
72.7
1,523 1,512
63,411 63,490
3,495 3,519
5.1
5.1
20,938 20,924

89,504 89,577 89,637
68,723 68,608 68,544

96,739 96,801 96,880 96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7

97,018 97,089 97,164
55,000 55,020 55,155
56.8
56.7
56.7
51,918 51,979 52,265
53.8
53.5
53.5

89,225
68,445
76.7
64,892
72.7
1,569
63,323
3,553
5.2
21,020 20,780

89,168
68,148
76.4
64,332
72.1
1,573
62,759
3,816
5.6

89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5
20,969

76.8

76.6

76.5

64,954 65,052 64,943
72.5
72.6
72.6
1,540 1,526
1,529
63,425 63,512 63,417
3,768 3,555 3,600
5.3
5.2
5.5

20,781 20,970 21,093

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

96,295 96,376
54,181 54,330
56.4
56.3
50,903 51,085
53.0
52.9
162
161
50,742 50,923
3,278 3,245
6.0
6.1
42,114 42,046

96,446 96,538 96,606 96,679
54,442 54,681 54,740 54,491
56.7
56.4
56.4
56.6
51,249 51,482 51,509 51,507
53.3
53.1
53.3
53.3
159
161
163
161
51,088 51,321 51,350 51,344
3,193 3,200 3,231 2,985
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.9
42,004 41,857 41,866 42,188

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36




54,610 54,374 54,728
56.5
56.2
56.5
51,553 51,327 51,769
53.4
53.0
53.3
162
161
163
51,390 51,166 51,607
3,057 3,047 2,960
5.4
5.6
5.6
42,129 42,427 42,152

163

164

161

51,755 51,815 52,104
3,083 3,041 2,890
5.2
5.5
5.6
42,121 42,018 42,069 42,009

Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1988

1987
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

183,311 183,470 183,620 183,822 183,969 184,111 184,232 184,374 184,562 184,729 184,830 184,962 185,114
120,387 120,594 120,722 121,175 121,348 120,903 121,323 120,978 121,472 121,684 122,031 121,924 122,012
65.9
65.9
66.0
65.9
65.8
65.6
65.9
65.7
65.7
66.0
65.7
65.9
65.7
113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180 115,328 115,521
62.4
61.9
62.4
62.3
62.3
61.9
62.3
61.9
62.3
62.0
62.2
62.1
61.8
6,596 6,491
7,090 6,978 7,046 6,938 6,801
6,783 6,455 6,625 6,851
6,610
7,177
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.8
6.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

79,807
62,211
78.0
59,037
74.0
2,343
56,694
3,174
5.1
17,596

79,885
62,299
78.0
59,164
74.1
2,297
56,867
3,135
5.0
17,586

80,002
62,248
77.8
59,185
74.0
2,298
56,887
3,063
4.9
17,754

80,120
62,440
77.9
59,287
74.0
2,323
56,964
3,154
5.1
17,680

80,203
62,696
78.2
59,625
74.3
2,280
57,344
3,071
4.9
17,507

80,260
62,497
77.9
59,407
74.0
2,253
57,154
3,089
4.9
17,763

80,326
62,791
78.2
59,883
74.5
2,255
57,627
2,909
4.6
17,535

80,402
62,662
77.9
59,590
74.1
2,181
57,409
3,072
4.9
17,740

80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2,208
57,588
2,870
4.6
17,859

80,608
62,769
77.9
59,954
74.4
2,247
57,706
2,815
4.5
17,839

80,669
62,925
78.0
59,834
74.2
2,311
57,523
3,090
4.9
17,744

80,751
62,881
77.9
60,024
74.3
2,236
57,788
2,857
4.5
17,870

80,851
62,892
77.8
59,989
74.2
2,330
57,659
2,902
4.6
17,959

88,843
50,095
56.4
47,480
53.4
636
46,844
2,615
5.2
38,748

88,923
50,254
56.5
47,634
53.6
636
46,998
2,620
5.2
38,669

89,010
50,361
56.6
47,750
53.6
643
47,107
2,611
5.2
38,649

89,110
50,558
56.7
47,977
53.8
646
47,331
2,581
5.1
38,552

89,178
50,640
56.8
48,005
53.8
654
47,351
2,635
5.2
38,538

89,261
50,542
56.6
48,132
53.9
656
47,476
2,411
4.8
38,719

89,307
50,612
56.7
48,170
53.9
692
47,478
2,442
4.8
38,695

89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9
38,941

89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47,553
2,473
4.9
38,860

89,588
50,775
56.7
48,199
53.8
542
47,657
2,576
5.1
38,813

89,670
50,934
56.8
48,466
54.0
586
47,881
2,468
4.8
38,736

89,735
50,912
56.7
48,452
54.0
633
47,818
2,461
4.8
38,823

89,807
51,172
57.0
48,771
54.3
647
48,124
2,401
4.7
38,635

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,661 14,663 14,609 14,592 14,588 14,591 14,598 14,590 14,534 14,533 14,491 14,477 14,456
7,948
8,172 8,131
8,141
7,875 8,163
7,865 7,919
8,011
8,177
8,113
8,041
8,081
55.0
56.2
56.4
56.0
54.0
54.8
56.2
54.2
53.9
54.9
56.0
55.5
55.1
6,907 6,879 6,853 6,761
6,693 6,706 6,809 6,865 6,779 6,564 6,660 6,645 7,051
46.8
47.3
47.5
47.5
48.5
45.0
47.0
45.7
45.5
45.6
46.5
46.6
45.7
289
254
257
301
267
295
323
274
260
280
293
239
270
6,650 6,625 6,552 6,472
6,423 6,467 6,535 6,542 6,486 6,269 6,380 6,378 6,791
1,187
1,293
1,230
1,301
1,312
1,304
1,234
1,112
1,259
1,232
1,335
1,278
1,388
14.9
15.8
15.2
13.6
15.6
15.9
15.4
15.7
16.5
16.0
16.1
16.6
17.2
6,392 6,319
6,371
6,577 6,726 6,679 6,715
6,346 6,508
6,580 6,622 6,496 6,415

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988

1987
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

157,342 157,449 157,552 157,676 157,773 157,868 157,943 158,034 158,166 158,279 158,340 158,422 158,524
103,669 103,731 103,907 104,252 104,530 104,171 104,574 104,209 104,691 104,603 105,007 105,043 105,002
66.3
66.2
66.2
66.2
66.0
66.3
66.1
66,3
66.1
65.9
66.0
65.9
65.9
98,317 98,492 98,779 99,044 99,474 99,274 99,751 99,297 99,932 99,725 99,901 100,019 100,144
63.1
63.2
62.9
63.0
62.8
63.1
63.0
63.2
62.8
63.2
62.7
62.6
62.5
5,024 4,858
5,106
5,208 5,056 4,897 4,824 4,913 4,759 4,878
5,352 5,239 5,128
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,375 54,381 54,368 54,455 54,650 54,522 54,699 54,618 54,662 54,732 54,825 54,850 54,878
78.2
78.3
78.5
78.2
78.5
78.3
78.2
78.4
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.3
78.3
51,864 51,969 52,046 52,053 52,389 52,245 52,538 52,314 52,491 52,603 52,464 52,594 52,614
75.1
75.1
75.0
75.4
75.0
75.2
74.9
75.1
75.0
75.2
74.8
74.9
74.8
2,255 2,263
2,304 2,171
2,361
2,129
2,412 2,322 2,402 2,260 2,277 2,161
2,511
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.3
3.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,379 42,464 42,569 42,710 42,915 42,841 42,986 42,827 42,921 42,887 43,177 43,170 43,258
56.2
56.1
56.3
56.2
56.3
56.1
55.8
55.7
56.4
56.4
56.1
55.9
56.4
40,538 40,606 40,712 40,896 40,985 41,183 41,297 41,104 41,183 41,040 41,399 41,371 41,553
53.9
53.8
54.1
54.0
53.8
53.7
53.4
54.0
54.1
53.7
53.5
53.3
54.2
1,738
1,658
1,930
1,813
1,799
1,778
1,847
1,723
1,689
1,857
1,858
1,841
1,706
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.4
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,915
57.9
5,915
49.5
1,000
14.5
15.1
13.8

6,886
57.7
5,917
49.6
969
14.1
14.8
13.3

6,970
58.6
6,021
50.6
949
13.6
14.9
12.3

7,087
59.6
6,095
51.2
992
14.0
14.4
13.6

6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7

6,807
57.2
5,845
49.1
962
14.1
15.7
12.4

6,889
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7

6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4

7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1

6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1

7,005
59.2
6,038
51.0
967
13.8
13.8
13.8

7,023
59.5
6,054
51.3
969
13.8
15.0
12.5

6,866
58.3
5,977
50.8
889
12.9
14.8
11.0

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,453 20,482 20,508 20,539 20,569 20,596 20,622 20,650 20,683 20,715 20,736 20,762 20,786
13,152 13,193 13,215 13,222 13,168 13,098 13,078 13,069 12,989 13,293 13,262 13,191 13,290
64.4
63.9
63.5
64.0
62.8
63.3
63.4
63.6
64.0
64.4
64.4
64.3
64.2
11,556 11,589 11,605 11,608 11,504 11,420 11,482 11,452 11,489 11,774 11,764 11,771 11,829
56.9
56.7
58.7
55.5
55.5
55.7
55.4
55.9
56.5
56.6
56.5
56.8
56.6
1,461
1,617
1,663
1,614
1,610
1,596
1,419
1,498
1,519
1,500
1,597
1,678
1,604
11.0
12.4
12.6
11.3
108
11.5
11.4
12.2
12.8
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,023
74.3
5,431
67.0
592
9.8

6,045
74.5
5,430
66.9
615
10.2

6,043
74.3
5,430
66.8
613
10.1

6,115
75.0
5,497
67.5
618
10.1

6,166
75.6
5,472
67.1
694
11.3

6,127
75.0
5,429
66.4
699
11.4

6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6

6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8

6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0

6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5

6,154
74.7
5,566
67.6
588
9.6

6,123
74.2
5,581
67.7
542
8.8

6,158
74.6
5,576
67.5
582
9.4

6,177
60.7
5,495
54.0
682
11.0

6,207
60.9
5,537
54.3
670
10.8

6,224
61.0
5,544
54.3
680
10.9

6,244
61.1
5,550
54.3
694
11.1

6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4

6,136
59.9
5,465
53.3
671
10.9

6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3

6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6

6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7

6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4

6,182
59.9
5,572
54.0
610
9.9

6,147
59.5
5,564
53.8
583
9.5

6,238
60.3
5,630
54.4
607
9.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987
Oct.

Nov.

1988
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

952
43.8
630
29.0
322
33.8
32.5
35.2

941
43.3
622
28.6
319
33.9
32.2
35.8

948
43.7
631
29.1
317
33.4
33.5
33.4

863
39.8
561
25.8
302
35.0
35.1
34.9

870
40.0
537
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7

834
38.3
526
24.2
308
36.9
39.0
35.0

822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5

852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9

903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6

917
42.0
632
28.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8

926
42.4
626
28.7
300
32.4
32.2
32.7

921
42.2
627
28.7
294
31.9
31.7
32.2

894
41.0
622
28.5
272
30.4
33.5
26.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,003 13,043 13,082 13,115 13,153 13,192 13,230 13,268 13,306 13,344 13,381 13,419 13,458
8,654 8,763 8,772 8,879 9,017 8,803 8,828 8,859 9,027 8,984 8,935 9,063 9,058
66.8
67.8
67.7
67.3
67.5
67.3
66.8
66.7
67.1
68.6
66.7
66.6
67.2
7,935 7,978 8,058 8,238 8,268 8,079 8,010 8,058 8,219 8,264 8,185 8,394 8,361
61.8
61.6
62.1
62.6
61.2
61.9
60.7
61.2
60.5
62.8
62.9
61.2
61.0
714
697
669
750
720
809
801
724
818
642
749
785
719
7.7
7.4
8.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
8.2
9.3
8.1
7.2
8.3
9.0
8.3

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180 115,328 115,521
40,556 40,645 40,711 40,404 40,475 40,481 40,459 40,267 40,485 40,535 40,505 40,531 40,483
28,099 28,175 28,249 28,441 28,707 28,805 28,859 28,567 28,713 28,654 28,832 28,801 28,851
6,178 6,237 6,227 6,168 6,157 6,160 6,055 5,957 6,085 6,145 6,282 6,251 6,367

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,705
1,430
140

1,595
1,407
155

1,599
1,450
156

1,666
1,454
138

1,677
1,414
114

1,648
1,423
142

1,678
1,385
155

1,526
1,346
159

1,562
1,359
167

1,539
1,346
148

1,580
1,416
163

1,593
1,438
134

1,709
1,414
183

101,522
17,033
84,489
1,222
83,267
8,274
242

101,943
17,118
84,825
1,286
83,539
8,222
235

101,997
17,064
84,933
1,200
83,733
8,280
248

102,507
17,197
85,310
1,147
84,163
8,150
237

102,683
16,948
85,735
1,170
84,565
8,312
228

102,279
16,908
85,371
1,175
84,196
8,366
248

102,538
17,015
85,523
1,092
84,431
8,637
281

101,927
16,887
85,040
1,156
83,884
8,917
307

103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301

103,133
16,959
86,174
1,123
85,051
8,528
255

103,097
17,112
85,984
1,108
84,877
8,491
243

103,415
17,103
86,312
1,085
85,227
8,575
228

103,781
17,231
86,550
1,142
85,408
8,366
227

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,353 5,534 5,262 5,367 5,566 5,343 5,194 4,844 5,317 5,382 5,181
5,053 4,893
2,377 2,408 2,284 2,396 2,478 2,520 2,236 2,227 2,364 2,490 2,318 2,190 2,166
2,655 2,696 2,638 2,640 2,598 2,535 2,502 2,315 2,637 2,581 2,491 2,356 2,382
14,488 14,523 14,711 14,571 14,572 14,603 15,016 14,790 14,507 15,070 15,021 15,314 15,078

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,004 5,145 5,254 5,106 4,924 4,623 5,076 5,185 4,959 4,814 4,662
5,067 5,241
2,196 2,209 2,111 2,260 2,327 2,325 2,121 2,120 2,199 2,351 2,178 2,031 2,043
2,557 2,597 2,552 2,566 2,457 2,475 2,397 2,236 2,566 2,545 2,429 2,284 2,298
14,011 14,064 14,222 14,096 14,123 14,141 14,592 14,338 14,083 14,669 14,585 14,861 14,596

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1987
Sex and age
Oct.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180 115,328 115,521
20,096
6,693
2,768
3,936
13,403
93,071
78,477
14,641

20,065
6,706
2,734
3,985
13,359
93,424
78,731
14,663

20,112
6,809
2,826
3,994
13,303
93,625
78,916
14,716

20,312
6,865
2,776
4,061
13,447
93,778
79,170
14,581

20,271
6,779
2,752
4,045
13,491
94,118
79,351
14,673

19,916
6,564
2,657
3,906
13,353
94,239
79,588
14,566

19,990
6,660
2,682
3,967
13,330
94,686
79,946
14,712

19,773
6,645
2,649
3,995
13,128
94,359
79,920
14,438

20,404
7,051
2,820
4,227
13,353
94,592
80,088
14,542

20,159
6,907
2,691
4,210
13,253
95,016
80,481
14,469

20,153
6,879
2,645
4,170
13,273
95,119
80,657
14,553

20,060
6,853
2,650
4,213
13,208
95,263
80,647
14,651

19,913
6,761
2,683
4,084
13,151
95,574
80,975
14,693

62,468 62,581 62,656 62,808 63,059 62,759 63,323 63,030 63,411 63,490 63,425 63,512 63,417
10,403 10,370 10,369 10,456 10,444 10,349 10,427 10,351 10,591 10,446 10,508 10,414 10,277
3,537 3,591 3,489 3,428
3,431 3,417 3,471 3,521 3,434 3,352 3,440 3,439 3,614
1,406
1,396
1,444
1,392
1,388
1,418
1,369
1,397
1,390
1,376
1,406
1,451
1,409
2,150 2,149 2,099 2,026
2,042 2,068 2,184
1,982
2,034 2,040 2,035 2,053 2,046
6,972 6,953 6,898 6,935 7,010 6,998 6,987 6,912 6,977 6,910 6,917 6,925 6,849
52,047 52,210 52,299 52,338 52,623 52,469 52,862 52,654 52,793 53,064 52,972 53,078 53,116
43,488 43,592 43,690 43,848 43,992 43,975 44,336 44,175 44,278 44,541 44,463 44,595 44,697
8,580 8,605 8,629 8,470 8,567 8,467 8,530 3,466 8,542 8,534 8,529 8,495 8,474
50,742 50,923 51,088 51,321 51,350 51,344 51,390 51,166 51,607 51,569 51,755 51,815 52,104
9,713 9,645 9,647 9,636
9,693 9,695 9,743 9,857 9,826 9,567 9,563 9,422 9,814
3,262 3,289 3,338 3,344 3,345 3,212 3,220 3,206 3,438 3,370 3,288 3,364 3,333
1,254
1,277
1,303
1,285
1,332
1,253
1,402
1,280
1,346
1,375
1,344
1,359
1,281
2,114 2,058
1,925
1,927
1,999
1,959 2,008
2,043 2,060 2,021
1,924
1,945
1,902
6,481
6,355 6,343 6,216 6,376 6,343 6,357 6,283 6,303
6,431 6,406 6,405 6,513
41,024 41,214 41,326 41,440 41,495 41,770 41,824 41,705 41,798 41,953 42,147 42,185 42,458
34,989 35,139 35,226 35,322 35,359 35,613 35,610 35,745 35,809 35,939 36,194 36,052 36,279
6,106 6,099 6,182
5,972 5,999 5,935 6,024 6,156 6,219
6,058 6,087 6,111
6,061

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Sex and age
Oct.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

40




Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

7,177

7,090

6,978

7,046

6,938

6,801

6,610

6,783

6,455

6,625

6,851

6,596

6,491

2,689
1,388
710
679
1,301
4,482
3,993
474

2,641
1,335
649
691
1,306
4,442
3,909
513

2,547
1,304
613
688
1,243
4,412
3,939
488

2,659
1,312
638
689
1,347
4,393
3,896
527

2,525
1,232
580
655
1,293
4,416
3,926
499

2,637
1,301
568
732
1,336
4,161
3,730
441

2,532
1,259
580
658
1,273
4,082
3,625
446

2,519
1,230
509
720
1,289
4,251
3,744
520

2,341
1,112
512
627
1,229
4,077
3,654
442

2,468
1,234
569
630
1,234
4,150
3,691
461

2,513
1,293
607
671
1,220
4,358
3,871
476

2,460
1,278
682
612
1,182
4,181
3,728
437

2,433
1,187
561
628
1,246
4,060
3,629
409

3,899

3,845

3,785

3,847

3,707

3,816

3,553

3,736

3,495

3,519

3,768

3,555

3.600

1,432
725
372
354
707
2,462
2,182
277

1,414
710
356
355
704
2,419
2,109
313

1,378
722
347
367
656
2,390
2,112
282

1,456
693
348
360
763
2,391
2,070
351

1,333
636
285
354
697
2,390
2,095
305

1,423
727
313
414
696
2,385
2,089
299

1,315
644
291
352
671
2,243
1,951
276

1,354
664
275
388
690
2,363
2,051
323

1,247
625
290
360
622
2,235
1,940
279

1,334
704
302
370
630
2,174
1,906
275

1,359
678
297
371
681
2,426
2,118
301

1,338
698
388
325
640
2,253
1,997
248

1,419
698
331
367
721
2,189
1,923
258

3,278

3,245

3,193

3,200

3,231

2,985

3,057

3,047

2,960

3,106

3,083

3,041

2,890

1,257
663
338
325
594
2,020
1,811
197

1,227
625
293
336
602
2,023
1,800
200

1,169
582
266
321
587
2,022
1,827
206

1,203
619
290
329
584
2,002
1,826
175

1,192
596
295
301
596
2,026
1,831
194

1,214
574
255
318
640
1,776
1,641
142

1,217
615
289
306
602
1,838
1,674
170

1,166
566
234
332
600
1,888
1,693
197

1,094
487
222
267
607
1,842
1,714
163

1,134
530
267
260
604
1,976
1,785
186

1,154
615
310
300
539
1,933
1,753
175

1,122
580
294
287
542
1,928
1,731
189

1,014
489
230
261
525
1,872
1,706
150

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1988

1987
Sex and age

Total 16 vears and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
25 vears and over
25 to 54 vears
55 vsars and ov©r
Men 16 vears and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
25 vfiars and ov©r
25 to 54 vears
55 years and over

•

Women 16 vears and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
25 vears and over
?5 to 54 vsars
55 years and over

.

June

July

Sept.

Aug.

Oct.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.6

5.3

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.3

10.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

10.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

11.1
15.8
18.7
13.9
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

10.9
15.7
20.5
12.7
8.2
4.2
4.4
2.9

10.9
14.9
17.3
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.7

5.2

5.3

5.6

5.3

5.4

11.4
16.7
21.7
13.4
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.8

12.1
16.9
19.1
15.3
9.5
4.0
4.1
3.0

May

11.8
17.2
20.4
14.7
8.8
4.6
4.8
3.1

11.6
16.6
19.2
14.8
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.4

11.2
16.1
17.8
14.7
8.5
4.5
4.8
3.2

11.6
16.0
18.7
14.5
9.1
4.5
4.7
3.5

11.1
15.4
17.4
13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3

11.7
16.5
17.6
15.8
9.1
4.2
4.5
2.9

11.2
15.9
17.8
14.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9

11.3
15.6
16.1
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.6

5.7

5.3

5.6

12.1
17.4
20.9
14.8
9.2
4.5
4.8
3.1

12.0
17.2
20.4
14.8
9.2
4.4
4.6
3.5

11.7
17.2
19.3
15.3
8.7
4.4
4.6
3.2

12.2
16.4
19.4
14.9
9.9
4.4
4.5
4.0

11.3
15.6
16.9
14.7
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

12.1
17.8
18.5
17.3
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.4

11.2
15.8
17.2
14.7
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1

11.6
16.2
16.7
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7

10.5
14.7
17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2

11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

11.5
15.9
17.6
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.5
3.4

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.3

11.5
16.9
19.9
14.6
8.5
4.7
4.9
3.1

11.2
16.0
17.9
14.7
8.6
4.7
4.9
3.2

10.7
14.8
16.2
14.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.3

10.9
15.6
17.9
14.1
8.2
4.6
4.9
2.8

10.8
15.1
18.0
13.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.1

11.3
15.2
16.6
14.2
9.1
4.1
4.4
2.3

11.3
16.0
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7

11.0
15.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2

10.0
12.4
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6

10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0

10.7
15.8
19.8
12.9
7.8
4.4
4.6
2.8

10.4
14.7
19.0
12.0
7.9
4.4
4.6
3.0

9.5
12.8
15.3
11.3
7.7
4.2
4.5
2.4

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1987

1988

Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

6.0
5.1
5.2

5.9
5.0
5.2

17.2

16.6

4.9
5.2
16.1

5.8

5.8
5.1
5.1

5.7
4.9
5.2
15.4

5.4
4.6
4.8
15.9

5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6

5.3
4.6
4.9
13.6

5.4
4.5
5.1

16.0

5.6
4.9
4.8
16.5

5.2
10.8
12.1
8.3

5.1
11.0
12.2

4.9
10.9
12.2

4.8
11.3
12.6
8.3

4.7
11.5
12.8
8.2

4.6
10.7
12.2

4.7
11.3
12.4

4.5
10.3
11.5

4.7
10.0

8.1

5.0
10.9
12.2
7.2

9.0

9.3

9.0

9.0

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.7
4.2
8.9

3.5
4.2
8.5

3.4
4.3
8.4

3.6
4.2
8.9

3.4
4.1
8.3

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.0
3.6
8.7

3.3
3.9

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.6
8.3
1.5
6.8

5.5
8.2
1.5
6.8

5.4
8.0
1.5
6.6

5.4
8.3
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.9
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.7
1.4
6.5

5.1
7.4
1.3
6.2

5.9
7.0
8.3
11.2
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3

5.8
6.5
7.0
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
5.5
4.5
6.8
4.8
3.4
11.1

5.7
6.4
8.0
10.6
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
10.9

5.8
7.1
7.7
12.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.6
6.1
4.9
3.0
11.5

5.7
6.9
7.8

5.6
6.5
7.9
10.7
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.2
6.8
4.2
2.8
11.0

5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0
10.6

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

5.6

5.4
4.5
4.8

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.9

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other

Black
Hispanic origin

4.9
4.8
15.8

15.7
4.8
9.4

4.6
9.6

8.0

4.9
10.0
11.3
8.4

10.8
7.4

11.0
7.7

3.1
3.7
7.8

3.0
4.1
8.6

3.4
4.1
7.4

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

5.2
7.7
1.3
6.4

4.9
7.8
1.2
6.3

5.0
8.1
1.3
6.4

5.3
7.4
1.4
6.5

5.1
7.5
1.3
6.4

4.9
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.7
6.6
10.4

5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7

5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1

5.6
6.8
6.8
11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
11.4

5.4
6.5
8.6
9.2
5.6
5.5
5.9
4.9
3.7
6.1
4.3
2.7
11.3

5.4
6.4
9.0
9.9
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.0
3.3
5.9
4.6
2.5
10.0

15.2

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

10.6

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.8
10.2

10.5
5.4

4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
2.9
13.9

10.8

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

4|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1987
Weeks of unemployment
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

3,223
2,093
1,801
844
957

3,218
2,029
1,834
899
935

3.229
1,968
1,791
892
899

3,089
2.263
1,733
839
894

3,084
2,145
1,740
841
899

3,009
2,101
1,722
887
835

3.125
1,956
1,540
725
816

3,075
2,110
1,609
784
825

3,066
1,890
1,512
111
785

2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791

3,197
1,957
1,676
859
817

3,139
1,823
1,596
789
807

3,062
1,814
1,551
778
773

14.1
6.2

14.0
6.1

14.2
6.0

14.4
6.4

14.4
6.4

13.7
6.6

13.4
5.6

13.8
5.9

12.9
6.0

13.6
6.3

13.7
5.9

13.7
5.5

13.5
5.6

100.0
45.3
29.4
25.3
11 9
13.4

100.0
45.4
28.7
25.9
12.7
13.2

100.0
46.2
28.2
25.6
12.8
12.9

100.0
43.6
31.9
24.5
11.8
12.6

100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9

100.0
44.0
30.8
25.2
13.0
12.2

100.0
47.2
29.5
23.3
10.9
12.3

100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1

100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1

100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9

100.0
46.8
28.7
24.5
12.6
12.0

100.0
47.9
27.8
24.3
12.0
12.3

100.0
47.6
28.2
24.1
12.1
12.0

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

...

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1987
Reasons for unemployment
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

3,388
944
2,444
960
1,845
914

3,307
878
2,429
926
1,974
855

3,200
856
2,344
946
1,945
909

3,209
888
2,320
1,082
1,917
885

3,207
884
2,323
961
1,951
864

3,139
899
2,240
1,075
1,756
887

2,916
821
2,095
993
1,784
915

3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807

3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
777

3,087
852
2,235
904
1,901
776

3,138
891
2,247
997
1,869
793

3,087
816
2,271
994
1,761
745

2,909
853
2,056
986
1,764
728

100.0
47.7
13.3
34.4
13.5
26.0
12.9

100.0
46.8
12.4
34.4
13.1
28.0
12.1

100.0
45.7
12.2
33.5
13.5
27.8
13.0

100.0
45.2
12.5
32.7
15.3
27.0
12.5

100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4

100.0
45.8
13.1
32.7
15.7
25.6
12.9

100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8

100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9

100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9

100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6

100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.7
27.5
11.7

100.0
46.9
12.4
34.5
15.1
26.7
11.3

100.0
45.5
13.4
32.2
15.4
27.6
11.4

2.8
.8
1.5
.8

2.7
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.6
.8

2.6

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.9
1.5
.7

2.4
.8
1.5
.8

2.7
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.7
1.6
.6

2.6
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants..
N e w entrants

42




1.6
.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Finance,
insurance,
Retail
trade

and

Government
Services
State

Federal

real
estate

Local

Annual averages
2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936

(1)
(1)
(1)
1,762

(1)
(1)
(1) '
4,664

1,373
1,417
1,410
1,447

3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502

o

9,440
10,278

17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,638
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,345
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,295

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,784

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
721

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,998

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,065

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,525

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,385

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,872

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,509

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,549

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,196

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,963

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,109

1936
1937
1938
1939

29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603

25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608

11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297

946
1,015
891
854

1,160
1,127
1,070
1,165

9,827
10,794

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,310

1945
1946
1947
1948

1949
1950
1951

1952
1953

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965

1966
1967
1968

1969
1970
1971
1972

1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986

1987

0)
0

905

()

o
0
()

0)
(1)

o

I

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1987:
October
November
December
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October?
1

103,371
103,678
104,001

86,241
86,520
86,794

25,025
25,123
25,201

740
736
735

5,060
5,090
5,118

19,225
19,297
19,348

78,346
78,555
78,800

5,448
5,466
5,481

5,935
5,958
5,984

18,705
18,761
18,784

6,604
6,608
6,619

24,524
24,604
24,725

2,966
2,974
2,980

3,985
3,988
4,001

10,179
10,196
10,226

104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,057
106,271
106,425
106,729
107,052

87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,678
88,941
89,066
89,181
89,513

25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,592
25,663
25,639
25,642
25,734

728
731
733
737
739
740
740
739
733
731

5,083
5,150
5,192
5,238
5,237
5,308
5,330
5,340
5,361
5,356

19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,544
19,593
19,560
19,548
19,647

79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,465
80,608
80,786
81,087
81,318

5,499
5,513
5,530
5,543
5,556
5,582
5,598
5,605
5,621
5,636

6,010
6,035
6,061
6,089
6,115
6,148
6,174
6,192
6,219
6,240

18,927
19,045
19,050
19,093
19,130
19,205
19,261
19,279
19,285
19,334

6,633
6,636
6,651
6,650
6,656
6,679
6,684
6,689
6,690
6,700

24,795
24,975
25,078
25,163
25,216
25,472
25,561
25,662
25,724
25,869

2,973
2,972
2,970
2,963
2,957
2,951
2,951
2,956
2,991
2,993

4,006
4,014
4,031
4,041
4,050
4,049
4,059
4,070
4,094
4,091

10,239
10,268
10,319
10,304
10,343
10,379
10,320
10,333
10,463
10,455

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1987) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1984) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
p nr |o
UOQc

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Mining

740

746

746

739

44.5
6.6
14.2

44.7
6.6
14.1

51.6
7.4
14.6

541

536

50.9
7.4
14.2

34.0
5.1
11.3

34.0
5.1
11.2

40.2
6.0
11.4

59.7
6.0
11.0

134.5
132.8

133.9
132.2

124.8
123.1

124.7
123.0

276.2
101.6
174.6

283.9
102.2
181.7

285.5
100.9
184.6

281.6
99.0
182.6

89.3
33.4
_

88.3
33.3
_

90.3
34.2
_

89.9
34.0
-

4,176

4,208

4,516

4,474

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

164.1
162.1

163.1
161.2

153.5
151.5

153.0
151.0

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

416.6
204.1
212.5

423.8
204.3
219.5

423.6
200.5
223.1

418.7
197.6
221.1

115.2
41.8
36.5
17.3

114.1
41.8
35.6
17.2

117.3
43.2
37.0
17.4

116.6
42.9
36.5
17.4

5,290

5,323

5,703

5,656

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Oct.
1988P

836.2
319.7
516.5

844.6
315.7
528.9

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

417.2
_

5,635

860.8
331.1
529.7

855.0
325.4
529.6

708.8
272.5
436.3

3,071.2 3,077.7 3,359.2 3,341.7
653.6 655.4 697.3 698.3
184.4
183.2 200.1
194.5
553.9
557.3
601.3 601.8
513.8
508.3
573.9
572.2
191.6
191.9
201.7
197.0
222.6 227.2 233.7
231.5
19,335

11,335 11,360

Durable goods

738

534

4,450

1,382.8 1,400.8 1,482.7 1,459.5 1,455.6 1,020.9 1,035.0 1,102.6 1,080.8
_
730.7 742.7
802.1
790.9
525.2
533.5
586.1
575.8
55.2
55.1
54.4
27.0
53.1
26.7
24.1
25.0
596.9 603.0 626.2
615.5
468.7 474.8
480.9
491.5

19,327

Manufacturing




Sept.
1988P

540

10
101
102

44

Aug.
1988

534

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

See footnotes at end of table.

Oct.
1987

86,556 86,855 89,933 89,914 90,156 70,135 70,369 72,831 72,785 72,972

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Sept.
1987

103,288 104,210 106,241 107,129 107,929

Total

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

Oct.
1988P

764.3
91.5
206.0
168.0
34.5
268.2
104.2
72.0
24.5
38.3
42.4
73.0
48.4
83.2

755.5
88.1
204.8
166.8
34.6
263.9
101.9
71.0
24.3
37.9
42.1
72.7
48.3
83.9

777.9
95.0
205.6
168.3
33.7
273.2
107.6
71.7
24.7
38.3
44.4
75.7
51.4
84.0

11,605 11,643
772.5
92.5
206.1
168.5
34.2
269.2
104.8
71.1
24.6
38.6
44.0
75.3
51.4
85.4

730.7
279.9
450.8

725.2
275.1
450.1

2,446.5 2,454.6 2,683.0 2,667.9
486.6 489.3
522.4
520.0
156.0
154.8
171.0
165.8
471.7
433.8
436.1
472.8
440.9
438.2
498.6 494.5
149.7
149.0
153.2
157.7
180.6
185.8
185.1
188.3

19,646 19,724 19,759 13,240
11,534

718.0
268.9
449.1

773.1
_

-

13,226

13,407

13,499

13,529

7,563

7,578

7,673

7,754

7,788

640.5
76.8
182.2
148.6
30.4
221.7
84.4
57.9
21.5
35.0
36.0
55.6
39.4
68.2

632.3
73.7
181.0
147.4
30.5
218.2
82.6
57.4
21.3
34.5
35.6
55.2
39.3
68.6

651.0
79.6
181.1
148.2
29.8
225.6
87.5
57.6
21.6
34.5
37.9
58.2
42.4
68.6

644.8
76.9
181.1
148.0
30.2
222.0
84.9
57.2
21.5
34.8
37.2
57.7
42.2
69.9

645.6
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

Al employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

527.5
311.2
140.3
101.3
23.9
29.5
69.0
29.1
77.5
40.7

532.9
316.2
142.1
101.9
26.6
29.3
68.8
29.5
77.4
41.0

535.1
313.7
143.6
102.5
23.0
30.8
68.3
30.9
78.4
43.8

539.5
317.0
144.3
103.3
24.2
30.8
68.2
31.0
79.3
44.0

544.1
_

422.2
262.7
122.8
85.0
19.0
22.6
52.2
22.3
56.5
28.5

427.7
267.9
124.5
85.6
21.7
22.3
52.0
22.5
56.5
28.8

426.4
264.4
125.3
85.9
18.0
24.0
51.4
24.1
57.1
29.4

432.0
268.5
126.3
86.8
19.3
24.1
51.5
24.2
58.0
29.8

436.5
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

592.8
14.8
87.5
44.9
42.6
51.0
20.9
38.7
37.0
218.4
20.3
72.3
106.3
111.6
21.5
8.7
25.2

591.8
14.6
87.5
44.5
43.0
51.4
20.6
38.7
36.7
218.0
20.3
72.8
105.6
111.4
21.6
8.7
24.6

599.0
15.1
86.0
43.7
42.3
52.9
20.8
39.3
38.0
218.8
20.9
73.8
105.1
114.3
22.0
8.9
24.4

597.3
15.1
86.2
43.0
43.2
52.5
20.3
38.9
38.3
217.9
21.1
73.6
104.2
114.2
22.0
8.7
24.5

598.0
_

461.1
11.5
75.3
40.5
34.8
36.5
16.2
30.6
29.7
170.6
13.6
55.7
86.3
80.6
14.6
6.8
-

460.0
11.3
75.4
40.2
35.2
37.0
15.8
30.4
29.3
169.9
13.5
55.9
85.6
80.7
14.9
6.7

468.6
11.9
74.4
39.7
34.7
40.1
16.0
30.8
30.1
170.1
13.6
56.7
85.1
84.4
15.4
6.7
-

466.6
11.8
74.2
39.1
35.1
39.8
15.5
30.6
30.5
168.9
13.8
56.2
84.2
84.4
15.3
6.5
-

466.9
-

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

762.9
276.3
209.4
24.1
132.9
83.0
9.1
26.8
40.5
21.7
183.6
23.8
28.3
78.9
87.0
53.9

762.6
276.0
209.1
24.2
132.4
82.4
9.0
27.1
40.0
21.2
183.5
23.7
28.0
79.1
87.8
54.3

781.8
281.0
211.5
25.4
139.6
85.1
8.8
31.4
42.3
22.7
185.3
24.5
27.8
80.0
89.0
54.8

789.7
280.5
211.6
25.1
144.0
87.3
9.7
32.6
42.5
23.0
186.5
24.4
28.0
81.7
91.1
55.9

790.8
279.9
_

579.0
210.9
161.2
17.8
105.2
67.5
6.7
20.2
29.2
15.7
132.1
18.7
20.5
56.1
70.2
44.3

578.0
210.6
161.0
17.8
104.6
66.9
6.6
20.4
28.7
15.3
131.7
18.4
20.0
56.4
70.8
44.5

598.4
218.2
165.7
19.3
112.0
69.5
6.5
24.8
31.3
17.2
132.8
18.8
19.1
57.8
71.4
44.9

606.6
217.8
165.7
19.1
116.1
71.8
7.3
25.7
31.5
17.5
134.2
18.7
19.5
59.2
73.7
46.1

605.6
216.1
_

Fabricated metal products
34
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
3411
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ... 3423,5
Hardware, nee
3429
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3432
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446

1,422.1 1,430.0 1,456.6 1,470.0 1,476.8 1,059.2 1,063.9 1,084.7 1,098.5 1,106.9
_
_
55.1
54.5
55.5
57.4
47.2
47.6
49.1
47.0
38.0
38.5
38.5
40.1
44.1
43.6
44.6
46.3
98.1
99.5
97.4
98.6
133.5 134.6 132.6 132.4
34.2
45.9
45.6
46.5
46.0
33.1
33.2
33.8
57.9
57.2
75.6
75.5
77.2
76.6
57.2
56.6
47.0
44.9
63.9
64.7
62.4
61.8
46.3
44.3
25.9
25.1
24.8
18.9
18.3
18.1
25.8
18.9
17.9
18.7
17.7
26.3
26.7
26.0
25.9
18.5
434.7 436.0 445.5 449.1
311.8 312.6 320.7 324.5
78.4
78.4
58.7
56.0
56.4
80.3
80.6
58.3
71.0
_
94.7
95.4
69.2
70.6
71.3
96.2
94.2
_
87.4
87.0
56.7
90.6
94.4
63.9
57.1
60.0
_
84.7
85.8
86.1
83.6
114.1
114.4
111.0 112.1
31.1
30.6
22.3
32.3
31.2
24.0
22.9
23.1
-

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,036.6 2,045.2 2,144.8 2,156.8 2,168.6 1,212.8 1,218.2 1,275.8 1,288.7 1,300.2
59.0
58.6
57.9
55.9
88.9
88.2
89.4
88.2
_
13.4
24.9
24.4
13.2
13.1
22.8
22.6
12.8
45.6
45.4
44.8
63.3
65.0
66.1
65.6
43.1
74.4
65.7
96.0
71.0
103.7
95.5
100.8
65.4
53.4
52.3
45.7
76.7
69.9
69.8
75.9
45.9
144.9
144.5
132.1
217.8 219.3
131.0
235.6 235.1
52.8
52.7
48.6
84.3
79.8
48.6
79.8
84.3
11.2
11.3
17.2
18.4
10.6
10.5
18.3
17.3
39.3
27.4
27.3
24.1
40.3
44.9
23.3
44.8
32.8
18.5
34.1
32.5
34.6
18.3
17.2
17.4
24.7
25.1
26.7
18.3
26.7
18.5
17.6
17.3
288.4 287.8 299.5 303.0
206.5 205.7 214.6 218.3
30.0
29.3
45.0
45.1
28.3
46.9
46.2
28.3
11.3
11.2
10.6
10.7
16.8
16.9
17.5
17.5
108.4
110.4
104.5
136.8
104.7
143.5
136.8
141.5
40.3
52.4
39.9
37.2
56.5
52.3
37.1
56.0
14.9
14.7
20.0
20.1
14.9
14.9
20.4
20.5
98.0
163.9
163.6
105.6
104.5
98.2
175.3
174.0
38.3
24.6
24.3
23.2
23.3
40.9
38.5
40.6
14.1
14.1
13.7
13.5
21.3
20.2
20.5
21.1
17.6
17.7
16.1
16.0
27.0
29.1
26.9
29.0
167.7
165.9
159.1
159.3
247.6 248.2 258.2 259.8
26.8
26.7
25.0
25.5
43.7
46.0
44.0
46.1
33.1
32.3
32.0
32.1
41.9
41.2
42.8
41.3
12.1
12.1
11.7
11.7
20.2
20.9
20.0
21.0
19.7
19.4
19.6
30.2
30.5
29.9
30.2
19.3
14.3
14.2
13.1
20.7
20.6
13.2
19.3
19.3
11.9
12,0
11.1
11.1
16.7
17.6
17.8
16.7
167.3
167.8
165.1
164.6
486.2 488.5 518.7 518.0
142.4
139.7
142.8
139.1
432.9 435.5 464.3 463.4
129.3
129.6
128.2
127.2
180.4
180.1
177.1
178.0
94.7
94.9
93.5
126.5
129.0
126.3
93.1
128.6
204.7 206.4 219.6 221.9
289.7 292.6
272.2 274.1
25.7
24.7
24.7
24.8
31.1
32.3
31.2
31.3
196.2
194.9
181.7
179.9
241.0 243.0 258.4 260.3

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,091.1 2,101.3 2,125.7 2,130.4 2,133.9 1,231.4 1,240.1 1,250.7 1,262.0 1,264.1
79.0
77.8
78.2
78.4
108.3
108.2
111.0
108.8
36.0
36.3
35.9
49.7
50.2
36.0
49.1
49.3
42.7
42.3
41.8
42.4
59.0
59.1
60.8
59.1
130.0
131.2
124.8
181.8
188.2
187.2
124.8
181.6
70.8
69.5
66.8
88.8
90.1
66.7
87.0
86.8
36.5
34.5
62.4
36.5
60.2
60.0
62.5
34.3
111.0
113.5
111.1
138.9
109.7
137.5
140.0
137.9
24.4
24.2
23.6
29.2
30.1
28.6
29.9
23.1
18.0
18.6
18.6
22.5
22.8
22.7
22.7
18.2
29.7
30.2
28.5
27.9
36.0
36.5
37.4
37.6

See footnotes at end of table.

46




92.8
46.6
46.2
234.7
29.6
96.3
97.7
114.1
74.1
40.0
76.5
42.1
216.6
80.8
51.4

93.6
47.2
46.4
234.5
29.6
96.1
97.6
114.7
74.2
40.5
78.1
43.7
220.6
81.5
53.5

97.3
50.0
47.3
232.9
29.8
91.5
100.3
118.1
76.9
41.2
78.1
42.8
233.1
88.6
55.1

98.5
51.0
47.5
238.5
30.0
95.6
101.6
119.5
78.0
41.5
78.2
42.8
234.6
89.0
55.6

71.2
38.2
33.0
186.8
22.8
81.7
74.4
91.5
60.0
31.5
48.1
24.5
157.8
54.4
39.4

71.8
38.7
33.1
187.3
22.7
81.9
74.7
92.2
60.0
32.2
47.4
23.8
161.0
55.0
40.9

74.7
41.0
33.7
184.4
22.9
76.8
76.3
94.6
62.1
32.5
49.6
24.5
169.4
59.8
42.1

75.8
42.0
33.8
189.5
23.0
80.7
77.4
95.7
62.8
32.9
49.8
24.7
171.1
60.4
42.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC
Code

Durablt goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
,
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

,

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Production workers1

Allemployees

1972
Industry

Sept.
1987

192.1
25.3
75.6
15.4
26.9
85.3
64.2
604.9
116.9
488.0
631.5
38.1
248.6
271.9
149.9
28.7
66.0

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

193.7
25.4
75.9
15.6
27.9
85.2
64.0
605.4
116.8
488.6
637.8
38.0
250.0
276.1
150.3
28.9
66.0

191.7
25.2
74.7
15.8
27.7
83.9
63.4
596.6
117.9
478.7
666.2
38.4
268.7
280.8
153.4
30.6
66.4

Sept.
1988P

193.4
25.1
75.1
16.0
28.1
85.5
64.5
592.9
116.9
476.0
665.9
38.6
268.5
280.7
153.5
30.4
66.6

Oct.
1988P

_
_
_
_
-

Sept.
1987

139.8
21.6
50.3
11.2
20.4
59.1
43.3
252.9
66.2
186.7
360.9
24.5
96.9
184.6
105.8
22.6
50.3

Oct.
1987

141.2
21.7
50.2
11.4
21.3
59.1
43.4
253.3
66.0
187.3
365.9
24.3
97.5
188.5
106.5
22.7
50.6

Aug.
1988

138.7
21.5
48.7
11.7
21.1
58.0
42.1
249.4
69.5
179.9
377.7
24.7
105.6
189.2
108.1
23.4
50.6

Sept.
1988P

140.0
21.5
48.7
11.9
21.5
59.8
43.5
250.1
69.7
180.4
379.1
25.3
106.3
189.0
109.3
23.4
51.2

Oct.
1988°

_
_
_
_
_
-

2,061.9 2,055.7 2,007.3 2,042.9 2,047.7 1,299.2 1,292.7 1,238.7 1,272.7 1,276.8
863.0 825.9 859.3 864.2 675.9 672.2 640.2 670.9 674.0
868.1
_
_
285.0 283.3 250.4 273.4
379.0 376.3 336.7 362.2
_
33.7
33.9
34.4
33.8
43.3
43.3
43.4
43.8
317.0 315.4 312.9 320.8
395.0 393.0 391.7 399.6
26.4
26.8
33.4
24.8
25.2
32.1
33.6
31.6
352.6 351.6 335.2 338.2
697.5
706.6 705.8 695.1
160.7
159.6
162.0 163.1
362.8 364.9 368.0 368.3
73.8
71.0
78.9
148.9
156.3 147.1
157.3
79.5
111.1
109.6 104.6 103.7
184.6 180.0 180.3
186.5
_
143.6 142.8 138.3 136.5
188.8 186.6 185.0
189.5
_
82.8
85.0
93.4
91.3
127.4 125.4 121.6 119.6
_
53.7
53.3
51.5
65.4
50.2
65.0
63.4
62.1
_
_
23.6
19.4
24.8
19.6
33.4
27.5
28.1
32.1
_
60.8
60.9
63.3
63.9
205.2 206.4 205.9 205.6
43.0
43.1
46.8
47.8
153.6
155.3 155.4 153.9
33.7
35.4
33.1
35.3
50.8
50.9
52.5
52.8
16.0
15.8
16.0
16.0
20.5
20.6
20.5
20.8
-

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

696.1
82.8
236.9
41.7
52.8
101.6
33.6
188.9
93.6
81.5
37.3
105.2
11.4

699.1
83.2
237.1
41.6
53.4
101.3
33.7
190.8
94.5
82.3
37.6
105.3
11.4

718.7
86.5
236.0
41.5
53.8
100.9
35.1
202.0
99.7
87.2
38.4
109.9
10.8

716.3
87.0
236.0
41.8
53.6
100.4
35.4
201.3
98.8
87.6
38.3
107.5
10.8

717.0
_
_

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

379.8
55.2
39.3
13.0
100.9
47.6
53.3
32.9
42.2
21.9
135.6
59.0

385.9
56.7
40.6
13.0
103.4
49.1
54.3
32.8
43.7
23.2
136.3
59.6

387.1
56.3
39.8
12.5
106.1
48.4
57.7
33.3
41.1
21.7
137.8
60.1

389.1
58.1
41.5
12.5
106.2
48.5
57.7
33.0
41.2
21.4
138.1
60.5

392.9
_

_

-

-

_
_
_
-

-

379.6
37.5
132.6
27.1
27.4
50.2
16.3
113.6
53.8
52.0
25.6
45.6
8.4

381.4
37.9
132.4
27.1
27.8
49.7
16.4
114.8
54.4
52.5
25.8
45.6
8.5

395.8
40.0
134.4
27.5
28.8
51.1
18.0
121.9
57.8
55.6
26.2
47.3
8.0

396.4
40.4
135.2
27.8
28.8
51.1
18.2
121.4
57.0
56.0
26.6
46.5
8.1

397.4
_

277.9
38.4
27.2
10.9
76.4
35.7
40.7
23.0
32.6
16.9
96.6
40.7

283.5
39.8
28.3
10.9
78.7
36.9
41.8
22.8
34.0
18.2
97.3
41.3

282.7
39.5
27.8
10.5
79.1
35.5
43.6
23.6
32.2
16.8
97.8
41.8

285.2
41.0
29.1
10.4
79.8
35.4
44.4
23.3
32.4
16.5
98.3
42.1

287.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_

_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

,

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
See footnotes at end of table.

48




23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

5,677 5,648 5,734 5,745 5,741
7,992 7,975 8,112
8,116
8,119
1,708.9 1,671.2 1,718.0 1,714.7 1,698.0 1,229.3 1,192.4 1,233.0 1,232.3 1,216.8
_
_
392.9 394.3
339.6
334.8
332.9
400.5 401.0
339.3
_
115.9
143.6
142.8
120.2
138.4
138.0
119.5
116.6
_
_
59.6
80.7
80.7
59.3
80.8
80.6
59.4
59.6
_
_
141.7
138.7
156.2
156.2
154.1
141.9
139.7
153.1
_
99.6
165.7
168.0
101.7
98.1
99.8
162.6
164.3
32.9
44.0
42.2
42.3
32.2
32.5
43.1
33.6
_
_
40.2
81.3
81.5
81.2
40.4
39.9
40.5
80.5
_
248.4
256.4
293.8
294.5
300.3 256.8
248.4
213.7
_
_
19.3
26.4
17.7
26.1
25.3
27.1
19.0
19.8
_
101.7
106.7
119.5
121.2
104.8
69.6
116.6
83.1
47.8
53.4
50.6
53.4
52.8
56.2
47.5
47.0
_
94.0
89.4
133.3
128.9
128.8
93.3
89.5
134.0
16.9
16.7
15.9
15.9
24.4
24.1
23.2
23.2
_
42.7
28.2
44.0
42.7
27.9
27.1
27.1
44.3
208.7
211.0 211.5
128.6
129.2
209.5
127.9
130.1
_
161.7
163.9
91.0
91.4
92.0
91.5
161.0
163.9
_
37.7
37.6
38.1
48.5
47.0
47.6
47.1
36.5
97.1
80.9
85.6
77.0
101.5
106.8
97.3
76.6
_
19.0
16.1
17.3
20.5
27.7
21.9
22.3
14.6
_
61.1
58.1
51.3
45.9
59.2
55.1
48.4
49.7
24.9
34.1
33.9
34.9
25.0
36.3
24.8
26.0
_
202.4
204.9
206.0 201.8
87.4
85.4
88.7
87.6
_
40.1
39.7
40.7
23.9
25.7
39.6
24.7
24.2
_
117.7
121.2
119.8
39.8
38.1
39.3
118.3
41.1
177.1
173.4
128.9
172.7
172.2
129.2
130.9
133.4
57.2
39.4

56.3
38.2

52.0
38.2

54.5
38.0

54.6
-

43.3
28.9

42.8
28.1

38.8
28.5

40.8
28.0

40.7
-

735.5
102.2
89.5
18.5
23.5
214.4
35.2
35.3
72.7
26.0
26.0
61.2
24.3
22.5
59.3
112.3
83.0
15.3
54.6

734.7
101.9
89.6
18.5
23.6
213.4
35.0
35.3
72.1
25.9
26.0
61.2
24.4
22.4
59.9
112.2
82.9
15.4
54.4

722.5
97.3
89.6
19.2
25.0
208.8
32.7
35.2
70.4
25.8
25.6
58.4
23.8
21.0
58.9
110.7
81.9
15.1
54.6

726.8
97.5
93.8
19.2
25.1
207.2
32.6
35.0
69.4
25.6
25.4
58.8
24.0
21.2
59.5
110.6
81.8
15.1
55.1

725.2
_

639.0
92.5
79.7
15.1
20.4
188.2
31.4
31.7
64.8
22.0
22.5
51.6
20.6
18.4
48.0
100.9
75.3
13.5
42.6

637.8
92.2
79.9
15.1
20.6
187.1
31.2
31.6
64.0
22.0
22.6
51.5
20.7
18.3
48.3
100.6
75.2
13.6
42.5

625.5
88.0
78.7
15.6
21.4
184.4
29.9
31.7
62.9
21.6
22.3
48.0
19.5
16.8
47.6
99.1
74.2
13.2
42.7

630.3
88.3
83.1
15.6
21.5
182.9
29.8
31.6
61.9
21.5
22.2
48.6
19.8
17.0
48.4
98.9
74.1
13.3
43.0

630.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

934.9
50.2
268.6
74.5
43.3
84.5
295.0
39.1
70.0
36.2
149.7

940.5
49.9
270.2
74.1
43.8
85.1
298.8
38.6
71.0
36.0
153.2

916.8
50.6
266.7
71.1
42.1
83.8
283.1
36.9
66.6
35.3
144.3

921.8
51.1
266.7
71.1
43.3
82.7
285.0
36.5
67.0
36.4
145.1

923.2
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_

-

1,111.8 1,118.4 1,089.6 1,095.4 1,097.1
_
58.8
58.3
57.9
58.1
309.1 309.7
311.3 313.3
83.3
83.2
86.4
86.9
49.8
48.5
50.0
49.5
94.7
95.8
97.6
96.6
353.6 357.6 340.4
342.1
44.9
44.5
46.9
46.2
80.4
80.8
84.4
83.6
42.7
43.5
43.5
43.7
172.4
183.5
179.6
173.1

-

_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988 P

58.3
49.4
8.9
47.1
20.5
35.9
160.9
20.6
46.8
31.7

58.4
49.5
8.9
46.7
20.0
35.5
164.0
20.7
47.6
33.2

521.4
145.3
127.2
40.9
174.3
37.6
21.0
41.9
160.9
35.8
84.8
19.8

518.3
144.3
125.6
40.1
173.2
36.9
21.0
41.6
160.7
35.9
84.8
19.2

525.1
147.7
129.4
41.3
173.7
36.2
20.6
42.0
162.4
36.1
85.0
20.5

522.4
144.3
126.7
40.6
174.4
35.2
21.0
42.4
163.1
36.6
85.4
20.0

523.5
_
_

1,513.1 1,521.3 1,567.4 1,570.6 1,577.9
_
477.1
475.3 476.8
472.5
128.1
122.9
122.4
128.3
111.9
113.4
106.6
108.1
_
82.9
79.3
84.3
60.3
29.0
29.1
27.3
27.8
_
82.3
82.5
79.0
78.5
_
558.1
553.9
535.5
531.6
173.7
172.6
165.3
166.5
_
338.2 340.7 352.3 355.1
_
49.8
51.6
51.5
50.2
_
79.9
80.7
73.4
72.6
56.2
53.8
53.2
56.6
-

845.6
173.4
45.8
56.2
34.4
21.8
41.6
386.1
118.6
245.0
34.2
58.1
39.8

850.4
174.6
46.5
54.7
33.3
21.4
41.4
389.2
119.0
247.5
34.5
58.6
40.2

874.5
170.7
45.5
59.7
36.3
23.4
41.8
403.9
123.7
257.0
35.3
63.6
41.6

876.4
171.2
45.5
57.8
34.7
23.1
41.5
406.9
124.6
258.9
35.4
63.2
41.8

881.8

1,034.3 1,035.4 1,076.3 1,071.8 1,070.0
_
133.6
133.2
129.9
133.3
_
89.4
89.3
89.9
86.4
172.1
166.8
167.1
170.2
_
76.1
76.0
79.2
80.1
63.6
64.4
63.6
63.7
231.7
216.2 232.6
215.9
_
171.3
170.8
183.9
183.8
167.2
167.0
158.5
157.0
44.4
44.5
44.4
45.8
41.4
41.7
43.7
43.8
70.8
72.7
78.9
77.6
62.1
62.5
62.9
61.8
157.6
157.6
151.4
151.3
30.0
29.0
30.1
28.9
127.6
127.5
122.4
122.4
51.5
51.4
51.4
51.0
98.7
97.6
98.9
97.8

584.4
67.7
48.7
109.4
45.0
44.2
98.7
76.5
103.0
27.9
23.4
51.7
30.7
86.7
18.7
68.0
32.4
55.8

580.9
67.0
48.3
109.2
44.8
44.3
98.6
76.7
101.0
27.8
23.6
49.6
30.5
86.4
18.4
68.0
32.0
56.2

.606.5
67.2
48.4
113.6
47.6
45.9
104.1
80.3
108.6
28.5
25.1
55.0
31.6
91.3
18.6
72.7
32.7
57.4

604.2
67.4
48.7
112.3
47.0
45.5
103.9
80.6
108.2
27.5
24.9
55.8
30.7
91.3
18.5
72.8
32.7
57.7

602.2
_

110.3
81.4
21.9

109.6
81.3
21.4

111.6
82.8
21.6

111.1
82.2
21.6

110.8

73.2
60.0
13.2
59.7
25.1
42.8
196.5
26.0
55.7
40.3

70.3
57.6
12.7
55.8
23.5
43.2
194.6
25.0
54.9
38.4

70.3
57.6
12.7
55.4
22.9
43.0
198.0
25.1
55.9
40.0

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

684.6
190.7
167.7
53.9
234.3
58.7
27.0
52.9
205.7
45.1
111.3
22.9

682.7
190.0
166.3
53.2
233.8
58.6
27.1
52.7
205.7
45.2
111.3
22.4

693.6
194.0
170.8
54.1
236.4
59.4
26.9
53.5
209.1
45.6
112.8
24.1

691.0
190.5
167.9
53.2
237.5
58.8
27.1
54.0
209.8
46.0
113.3
23.7

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

29
291
295

Oct.
1987

60.0
51.1
8.9
50.0
22.1
35.7
162.2
21.1
47.7
33.8

73.2
60.0
13.2
59.9
25.0
42.6
195.4
25.8
54.9
40.2

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

Sept.
1987

60.1
51.1
9.0
50.1
21.9
35.7
161.4
20.9
46.8
33.9

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
2819
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncsllulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
,
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Oct.
1988P

167.6
127.0
28.2

167.1
127.0
27.8

170.6
129.7
27.8

169.8
128.8
27.8

_
_
_
_

691.7
_

_

169.5
_

_

_

-

_

_
_

_

_

_

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC

Code
Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988"

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

-

652.7
60.4
10.1

679.8
63.2
10.1

683.7
62.0
9.9

_
-

16.6
80.7
477.5

16.8
80.5
484.9

18.3
82.8
505.4

18.3
84.1
509.4

122.8
11.9
74.3
31.0
26.7
8.2
13.8

122.4
12.0
74.1
31.1
26.7
8.6
12.6

122.4
12.0
73.5
31.2
25.9
9.1
12.8

121.6

_
-

122.9
12.1
75.1
30.9
27.5
7.8
13.6

5,668

5,688

4,549

4,565

4,656

4,708

4,723

3,415

3,438

-

-

-

-

_
-

832.5
86.0
12.0

840.8
85.6
12.2

874.3
85.9
12.2

877.5
84.9
11.9

303,4
306
307

22.7
105.1
606.7

23.0
105.0
615.0

24.8
108.3
643.1

24.9
109.6
646.2

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

146.8
14.6
87.0
37.8
31.2
11.0
16.7

147.1
14.3
86.3
38.0
30.3
11.4
17.2

148.0
14.3
86.9
38.6
30.2
12.1
16.2

147.3
14.3
86.0
38.5
29.3
12.3
16.3

147.1
-

5,474

5,499

5,610

3,247

3,267

3,338

Transportation

Oct.
1987

645.4
60.7
9.9

884.6

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities

Sept.
1987

_

690.2

-

_.
_
-

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

40
4011

313.7
274.3

311.9
272.5

304.4
262.3

303.7
261.6

-

-

-

-

-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

305.5
110.4
32.8
32.2
107.3

312.6
110.7
33.4
31.2
114.1

256.5
115.7
32.3
32.6
52.0

319.0
117.8
32.3
32.6
111.2

282.1
100.7
_
29.0
-

288.8
100.8
_
28.2
-

232.3
105.4
_
29.2
-

292.7
107.2
_
29.3
-

_

_
_
-

1,316.1 1,326.8 1,373.9 1,385.3
1,213.1 1,221.2 1,277.9 1,282.4
96.0
105.6
103.0
102.9

_
_
-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services

45
451,2
458

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

Transportation services
Freight forwarding

47
471

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

48
481
483
4832
4833

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

50




50
501
5012
5013

1,508.6 1,521.3 1,575.0 1,588.1
1,387.5 1,397.6 1,460.5 1,466.4
114.5
123.7
121.7
121.1
181.7
28.3
100.3

175.2
26.6
95.1

188.7
29.8
105.9

189.1
29.2
107.1

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

-

11.9

11.6

-

615.5
541.6
73.9

619.8
544.3
75.5

659.9
580.1
79.8

660.6
580.3
80.3

_
-

-

18.4

18.3

16.9

16.4

-

13.5

13.3

308.2
65.4

336.9
69.9

338.3
70.2

2,227 2,232 2,272 2,253
1,297.2 1,304.3 1,323.5 1,315.0
906.8
915.9
910.3 914.3
246.7
233.7 235.6 246.4
118.5
118.4
114.8
114.9
127.9
128.3
120.7
118.9

_

_
-

-

2,250
_
-

_
983.9
673.4
191.7
_
-

-

-

_
_
-

303.9
64.6

_

-

-

-

986.0
673.2
193.2
-

_
999.2
670.7
202.9
-

_
991.8
663.4
203.0
_
-

_
_
_

„

-

930.1
446.8
166.1
204.6
85.5

927.2
445.5
165.5
203.6
85.6

948.5
449.6
170.5
204.8
95.3

938.3
445.0
167.1
203.4
94.7

_
-

736.3
340.3
131.8
168.3
74.2

733.8
339.4
131.0
167.6
74.4

753.5
344.3
135.3
168.4
83.0

740.0
337.9
132.0
166.0
82.2

5,934

5,964

6,227

6,241

6,270

4,757

4,780

5,025

5,031

5,051

3,480
437.8
112.5
294.5

3,505
437.9
113.7
293.5

3,714
457.7
120.1
305.8

3,717
455.8
120.1
304.3

3,737
-

2,757
350.4
_
-

2,778
350.9

2,973
368.1
_
-

2,973
366.4
-

_

-

-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
,
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

Production workers

Al employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

117.6
_
200.5
_
_
70.1
107.2
379.5
-

145.7
145.7
144.3
146.0
65.2
62.8
65.5
63.2
80.5
80.5
82.5
81.5
246.4 283.0
285.8
243.5
128.9
128.7
112.3
110.7
156.9
154.3
134.1
132.8
89.0
89.3
87.3
85.3
148.0
147.7
138.2
136.6
532.5
531.0
499.2
505.1
297.3
277.4
274.1
296.8
69.1
69.0
69.5
68.9
166.1
165.2
158.2
156.2
273.3
274.4
266.9
265.3
92.9
93.6
92.3
91.3
113.1
113.3
109.8
108.7
1,465.5 1,473.3 1,568.2 1,569.6
581.9
580.8
551.5
546.6
83.4
83.3
78.7
78.7
122.8
123.9
116.4
116.5
328.1
305.1
305.6 329.0
139.7
138.8
130.9
129.9
192.8
191.7
177.8
176.8
217.0
204.1 216.3
202.7
101.3
100.7
92.5
91.6

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

118.4
_
202.9
_
_
71.9
108.3
384.1
-

117.4
_
232.0
_
_
73.0
117.5
409.7
-

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

117.3
234.0
_
_
72.2
117.5
410.6
-

220.8
214.8 215.4 222.1
1,154.0 1,161.7 1,259.0 1,259.5
-

2,454
204.5
169.2
201.5
795.8
250.8
65.5
103.7
130.8
199.6
84.5
115.1
152.2
96.0
56.2
468.5
153.2

2,459
206.8
171.2
201.8
792.5
248.5
65.4
99.0
130.7
199.6
84.6
115.0
151.3
94.5
56.8
468.7
151.6

2,513
213.0
176.0
204.8
811.1
259.5
65.1
103.8
134.8
206.3
88.9
117.4
158.4
100.8
57.6
480.4
158.8

2,524
213.6
177.6
204.2
815.0
260.1
64.6
110.5
133.7
205.8
88.5
117.3
156.8
98.9
57.9
486.5
162.3

2,533
-

18,701

18,777

19,414

19,381

19,411

753.6
418.6
157.9

756.0
418.5
158.7

781.3
429.7
167.1

769.0
421.3
165.7

_
163.2
-

164.5
-

174.3
-

174.7
-

2,000
166.4
140.6
152.9
673.3
-

2,002
168.2
142.3
153.7
668.9
-

2,052
173.3
147.7
158.4
685.0
-

2,058
172.5
149.2
157.6
687.5
-

_
96.3
155.6
125.4
380.6
-

_
96.4
155.5
123.9
380.2
-

_
99.6
162.0
130.4
389.8
-

_
98.3
161.3
128.7
395.0
-

16,602 16,679

17,207

17,158

647.4
362.1
138.9

635.2
353.9
137.5

625.1
353.8
130.6

627.8
353.5
131.9

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,415.7 2,516.9 2,485.2 2,487.1 2,554.4 2,254.3 2,349.7 2,291.7 2,291.8
1,895.4 1,981.3 1,915.5 1,917.8
2,015.1 2,106.3 2,064.7 2,068.9
241.4
218.8 224.2 222.4
220.7
239.2 244.6 243.5
153.8
144.2
140.1
176.8
161.4
153.3
177.0
166.0

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

2,964.1 2,978.5 3,115.8 3,115.5 3,146.6 2,727.1 2,741.0 2,867.6 2,867.6
2,416.7 2,426.5 2,545.4 2,551.5
2,615.2 2,624.9 2,750.5 2,756.1
58.4
58.8
57.4
57.7
_
25.6
26.8
29.2
28.5
159.0
160.4
158.3
157.1
176.2
177.7
174.1
172.4

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,029.2 2,029.8 2,119.7 2,107.0 2,108.8 1,699.7 1,700.3 1,775.4 1,762.3
848.2
849.1
822.7 823.5
991.9
992.3 1,024.2 1,023.2
271.4
274.1
335.6
263.5 267.4
337.6
329.7
325.3
554.6
559.4
638.0
534.0 531.9
610.4
643.4
612.9

17,167

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

1972
SIC
Code

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

1,093.7 1,109.5 1,098.8 1,093.7
105.6
103.3
101.9
102.4
380.9 387.2 377.3
378.5
253.8 257.6 261.4
255.7
224.2 224.0 220.2 220.1
818.0
453.4
281.4
90.7
273.9
199.7
74.2

820.1
458.0
284.6
88.7
273.4
196.1
77.3

820.1
458.5
285.1
87.8
273.8
195.8
78.0

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

924.4
84.6
322.5
220.8
184.0

940.6
86.8
329.1
224.4
184.4

928.6
82.9
316.8
228.2
184.2

920.9
82.1
318.1
221.6
183.1

664.0
367.5

677.5
373.0

670.6
372.6

670.0
373.1

76.0
220.5

78.1
226.4

74.8
223.2

73.6
223.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

6,318.0 6,196.1 6,574.4 6,556.2 6,421.9 5,749.7 5,638.1 5,996.3 5,969.8

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,324.5 2,372.4 2,419.0 2,432.4
584.0
576.5
585.9
588.0
123.8
123.0
123.9
124.3
794.5
774.3
816.2
805.5
141.1
138.1
146.2
144.8
78.0
81.8
84.0
76.5
75.9
75.4
76.5
76.9
150.3
147.0
153.8
154.4
159.4
154.1
171.2
168.7
61.4
59.6
59.5
61.0
290.0
280.9
273.5 274.8
140.7
133.6
126.8
130.0
88.8
88.1
89.2
89.5
109.3
106.5
111.7
113.4
384.5
377.9
424.7 427.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

802.3
447.2
278.0
89.3
265.8
192.8
73.0

6,589

6,771

6,704

6,683

3,287

3,283

3,324

3,296

3,287

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

894.2
398.4
221.0
172.6
237.6
57.1
176.3

889.8
398.6
221.0
172.8
238.3
57.6
170.9

897.4
393.0
222.1
166.3
249.7
67.7
164.8

893.3
390.0
219.8
165.6
249.4
68.6
163.2

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

456.2
357.3

461.1
361.1

458.2
351.6

452.1
346.9

Holding and other investment offices

67

207.1

206.5

219.5

218.8

2,028

2,039

2,087

2,078

Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

52




1,957.6 2,003.8 2,029.3 2,040.0
499.2 500.9 498.3
491.8

6,600

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks

1,729.2 1,725.9 1,749.0 1,732.0
1,560.5 1,556.9 1,570.9 1,555.0
342.2 347.3 344.3
343.8
371.1
371.3
374.2
378.7
84.0
83.8
85.4
86.6

1,422.8 1,429.1 1,458.2 1,453.0
583.6 587.9 595.7
592.3
198.3
204.7
198.6 205.0
534.4
551.4
552.5
537.5
59.4
57.3
57.5
58.1
605.1

609.5

628.3

625.4

Oct.
1988P

647.3

666.7

672.7

682.5

253.1

263.3

243.6

245.2

88.1
307.0

90.7
312.2

92.2
343.4

93.7
345.1

4,830

4,806

4,929

4,856

1,245.3 1,238.8 1,251.6 1,235.0
1,120.3 1,113.6 1,121.2 1,105.7

667.4
303.3

664.4
302.8

670.1
298.8

664.5
295.2

182.9

183.9

193.7

193.0

956.7
357.6
159.4
358.4

955.0
355.8
159.8
359.4

976.1
356.9
165.9
373.6

970.7
353.2
165.5
372.9

2,082

4,838

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc ...

Sept.
1987

1,285

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers ,
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc .

66

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

1,267

Aug.
1988

1,360

Sept.
1988P

1,330

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

1,314

1,274.4 1,257.1 1,350.5 1,320.4
557.9
541.7 532.6 568.4
563.2
536.5 532.1
577.7
166.0
161.8 158.7
170.9
10.

10.2

9.8

9.6

24,490 24,622 25,816 25,801 25,972 21,447 21,565 22,550 22,523 22,680

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,550. 1,491.8 1,731.7 1,653.8
1,505.0 1,450.9 1,643.6 1,603.0

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,138.5 1,158.3 1,178.9 1,187.4
406.6 411.2 415.9 417.8
56.4
62.1
55.9
53.
354.2 356.7
355.2 359.0
78.5
76.6
79.0
77.5

Business services
Advertising
,
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic ..
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services .
Computer programming and software ...
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,278.4 5,334.4 5,572.2 5,585.1 5,607.6 4,522.6 4,576.2 4,767.0 4,775.5
212.3 214.7 216.5
215.2
157.9
159.9
160.8
159.5
156.2 158.3
159.6
158.1
97.6
98.6
96.3
95.2
216.9 221.9
236.9 247.4
719.4 715.7 734.0
734.9
650.1 645.3 664.4 664.0
1,251.5 1,282.4 1,328.4 1,337.7
196.6
193.8
186.4 190.1
983.9 1,010.8 1,049.0 1,055.6
739.2
741.5
519.0 526.9 579.5 578.8
662.4 670.8
250.8 253.4 284.5 284.6
302.2 307.2 332.0 332.1

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,109.2 2,121.0 2,210.5 2,202.9
195.1
192.1
202.9 202.5
587.9 593.4 622.8 614.0
461.7 464.2 475.7 477.2
245.3 246.8 263.5 262.7
85.1
80.2
85.4
83.3

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee .
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Oct.
1988 P

362.2

366.6

369.6

371.4

319.1

320.0

317.1

320.5

670.6

667.2

695.1

690.1

398.4

396.4

421.1

418.3

346.6
116.4

266.4

267.3

282.6

283.1

243.2
120.5
107.0

199.5
92.6

193.1
93.9

205.5
89.8

203.8
95.6

992.6

862.4

745.8

946.0

847.7

Auto repair, services, and garages ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

806.2
165.1
482.6

801.2
161.6
479.0

840.0
171.1
509.2

836.3
170.2
507.2

Miscellaneous repair services.
Electrical repair shops

76
762

321.5
103.0

323.3
104.2

345.8
116.0

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services.
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

237.9
115.9
107.9

230.5
116.4
99.9

244.3
114.0
114.6

Amusement and recreation services .

79

972.0

859.0 1,100.4

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals ....
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric .
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

6,896.5
1,064.6
473.3
1,294.9
868.2
426.7
3,186.8
2,971.2
75.8
139.8
136.9
266.8

7,300.4
1,152.8
495.0
1,340.8
897.6
443.2
3,365.2
3,134.9
82.7
147.6
150.2
295.0

6,927.9
1,072.2
473.4
1,295.8
869.2
426.6
3,202.3
2,985.5
76.6
140.2
138.3
268.6

1,344.8 1,293.2 1,472.1 1,432.0

7,322.8 7,370.1 6,130.6 6,158.0 6,490.7 6,508.0
1,157.5
874.3 881.3
945.2 949.1
416.9 417.2 435.0 434.1
495.9
1,339.0
1,170.4 1,169.8 1,212.0 1,210.0
896.8
442.2
2,907.5 2,921.0 3,078.0 3,087.2
3,375.6
3,145.1
82.4
148.1
151.2
299.1

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagriculturaf payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1987

794.5

Oct.
1987

803.6

Aug.
1988

842.6

Sept.
1988P

82
821
822
824

1,389.3 1,537.9 1,281.6 1,469.0
362.5 376.4 329.2 371.6
866.6 996.5 772.8 922.8
78.2
79.9
76.7
78.5

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,491.4 1,520.3 1,562.4 1,594.8
311.5 307.4
295.1 299.0
239.0 216.2
218.0 220.1
352.8 354.5 380.0 378.2

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,566.9 1,581.3 1,646.1 1,599.1
91.2
96.8
93.0
94.1
128.8 135.5
132.2
134.4
352.6 363.5 416.7
372.1

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,323.5 1,332.1 1,414.2 1,403.9
724.6
727.7
779.1
772.7
120.6
122.2
129.8
124.9
452.2 456.3
475.3 476.5

Government

16,731
4

Federal Government

2,941
4

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




346.1
17,773

2,970

2,972

2,980

706.4

Sept.
1988 P

Oct.
1988 P

690.6

1,070.4 1,078.8 1,141.6 1,126.2
609.2 612.5
651.6 643.2

17,356 16,308 17,215
2,944

672.9

Aug.
1988

50.1

3731

125.5
76.6

125.0
76.4

121.2
73.8

121.3
73.9

806

43.5
431.8
251.0

44.1
429.6
250.0

40.5
426.2
248.3

40.9
459.5
248.0

806
82

3,842 4,012
3,894 4,081
438.5
439.5 446.7
444.4
1,503.6 1,704.1 1,347.2 1,564.3

349.7

363.7

361.4

4,189

1,409.4 1,400.7 1,474.7 1,453.7

806
82

9,896 10,331
9,486 10,233 10,612
494.9 492.7 498.9 494.7
614.7 616.8 640.8 639.3
5,372.8 5,867.0 4,636.3 5,588.7
3,063.2 3,027.6 3,323.8 3,141.5

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

54

52.3

Oct.
1987

2,882.8 2,886.1 2,920.5
989.1
990.8
959.0
794.6 803.2 827.3
1,099.1 1,092.1 1,134.2
37.9
37.9
38.3
20.0
20.0
21.2

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

50.4

Sept.
1987

665.0

828.9

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

49.2

Oct.
1988 P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
July
1987

Aug.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

46,679

46,803

49,453

48,574

48,673

Total private

38,743

38,951

40,502

40,434

40,599

Goods-producing

6,855

6,957

7,140

7,072

7,166

97

96

99

99

100

541

543

576

565

589

6,217

6,318

6,465

6,388

6,477

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,967
120
160
114
100
313
449
859
389
299
164

3,005
121
163
115
103
318
451
868
392
301
173

3,111
126
165
119
108
333
480
891
398
313
179

3,080
125
163
119
105
327
479
883
395
311
174

3,102
126
165
119
107
331
479
890
392
314
180

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,250
534
15
348
859
164
646
297
24
279
84

3,313
559
16
355
875
166
648
298
24
284
88

3,354
522
16
353
882
170
678
314
26
306
87

3,308
535
16
345
842
170
678
314
26
300
83

3,375
560
17
349
867
170
681
315
26
302
87

39,824

39,846

42,313

41,502

41,507

Transportation and public utilities ....

1,526

1,531

1,630

1,607

1,611

Wholesale trade

1,737

1,749

1,840

1,846

1,854

Retail trade

9,835

9,888

10,233

10,208

10,249

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

4,139

4,138

4,193

4,205

4,206

14,651

14,688

15,466

15,496

15,513

7,936
1,064
1,801
5,071

7,853
1,058
1,805
4,990

8,951
1,066
1,911
5,974

8,140
1,069
1,860
5,211

8,074
1,065
1,863
5,146

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Industry

Total.
Total private .
Goods-producing .
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
Construction
Genera! building contractors .
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Feb.

May

Apr.

June

July

105,020 105,281

SeptJ

Oct.P

106,425

106,729

107,052

89,066

89,181

89,513

25,663

25,639

25,642

25,734

740
424

739
423

733
419

731
414

5,308
1,412

5,330
1,400

5,340
1,401

5,361
1,403

5,356
1,393

19,490

19,544

19,593

19,560

19,548

19,647

11,477
757
537
585
776
281
1,448
2,121
2,115
2,048
851
709
381

11,515
757
537
587
781
281
1,457
2,134
2,120
2,047
850
713
382

11,566
756
541
589
789
282
1,464
2,151
2,122
2,052
857
715
387

11,547
753
537
586
785
281
1,458
2,156
2,126
2,044
855
718
384

11,534
751
537
584
787
280
1,460
2,159
2,124
2,033
851
716
383

11,597
762
540
589
794
282
1,468
2,173
2,125
2,044
861
718
384

8,001
1,648
54
727
1,100
687
1,554
1,056
165
864
146

8,013
1,643
52
728
1,100
689
1,559
1,060
166
870
146

8,029
1,645
53
727
1,097
691
1,565
1,065
167
873
146

8,027
1,631
52
726
1,096
692
1,567
1,067
167
882
147

8,013
1,630
52
719
1,089
691
1,572
1,070
167
878
145

8,014
1,633
51
722
1,087
688
1,575
1,069
168
875
146

8,050
1,657
51
722
1,085
690
1,579
1,070
169
882
145

79,690

79,846

80,023

80,465

80,608

80,786

81,087

81,318

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

103,371

103,678

104,001

104,262

104,729

105,489

106,057

106,271

86,241

86,520

86,794

87,044

87,475

87,700

87,973

88,139

88,678

88,941

25,025

25,123

25,201

25,180

25,271

25,330

25,435

25,466

25,592

740
421

736
418

735
417

728
414

731
415

733
419

737
421

739
425

740
425

5,060
1,340

5,090
1,348

5,118
1,352

5,083
1,365

5,150
1,377

5,192
1,383

5,238
1,400

5,237
1,394

19,225

19,297

19,348

19,369

19,390

19,405

19,460

11,315
744
529
583
766
278
1,421
2,049
2,094
2,052
859
700
377

11,355
750
531
585
768
279
1,429
2,062
2,100
2,047
854
704
379

11,390
754
533
588
769
279
1,433
2,074
2,110
2,046
851
704
379

11,393
754
536
583
768
279
1,435
2,085
2,112
2,036
839
704
380

11,404
756
535
584
770
280
1,438
2,091
2,112
2,031
837
705
382

11,411
755
534
585
772
281
1,439
2,099
2,115
2,025
835
705
382

11,459
758
535
587
773
281
1,444
2,111
2,117
2,045
848
706
383

7,910
1,630
52
731
1,106
682
1,522
1,036
167
839

7,942
1,636
54
733
1,110
683
1,528
1,041
167
845
145

7,958
1,638
54
733
1,106
684
1,532
1,047
167
851
146

7,976
1,647
55
732
1,105
685
1,538
1,047
166
854
147

7,986
1,649
54
732
1,104
686
1,544
1,049
165
856
147

7,994
1,647
54
729
1,106
687
1,548
1,052
164
860
147

78,555

78,800

79,082

79,458

Mar.

Aug.

145
Service-producing .
78,346
Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation
Communication and public utilities ..

5,448
3,214 j
2,234

5,466
3,231
2,235

5,481
3,244
2,237

5,499
3,261
2,238

5,513
3,272
2,241

5,530
3,285
2,245

5,543
3,298
2,245

5,556
3,308
2,248

5,582
3,332
2,250

5,598
3,345
2,253

5,605
3,351
2,254

5,621
3,368
2,253

5,636
3,384
2,252

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .

5,935
3,498
2,437

5,958
3,514
2,444

5,984
3,536
2,448

6,010
3,555
2,455

6,035
3,573
2,462

6,061
3,591
2,470

6,089
3,610
2,479

6,115
3,635
2,480

6,148
3,660
2,488

6,174
3,681
2,493

6,192
3,696
2,496

6,219
3,713
2,506

6,240
3,730
2,510

18,705
2,489
2,971
2,026
6,191

18,761
2,495
2,979
2,026
6,216

18,784
2,494
2,988
2,033
6,232

18,927
2,526
3,014
2,038
6,260

19,045
2,561
3,029
2,047
6,291

19,050
2,543
3,044
2,055
6,319

19,093
2,546
3,049
2,064
6,326

19,130
2,541
3,053
2,070
6,336

19,205
2,549
3,080
2,076
6,352

19,261
2,545
3,097
2,088
6,369

19,279
2,539
3,106
2,095
6,377

19,285
2,530
3,109
2,092
6,384

19,334
2,524
3,140
2,105
6,415

6,604
3,295
2,043
1,266

6,608
3,299
2,042
1,267

6,619
3,301
2,049
1,269

6,633
3,308
2,052
1,273

6,636
3,305
2,053
1,278

6,651
3,306
2,060
1,285

6,650
3,302
2,065
1,283

6,656
3,299
2,067
1,290

6,679
3,304
2,074
1,301

6,684
3,300
2,077
1,307

6,689
3,298
2,081
1,310

6,690
2,082
1,309

6,700
3,300
2,086
1,314

Services
Business services .
Health services

24,524
5,282
6,928

24,604
5,287
6,962

24,725
5,306
6,995

24,795
5,321
7,019

24,975
5,385
7,056

25,078
5,405
7,088

25,163
5,420
7,126

25,216
5,443
7,153

25,472
5,480
7,203

25,561
5,500
7,238

25,662
5,512
7,271

25,724
5,535
7,323

25,869
5,552
7,370

Government .
Federal
State
Local

17,130
2,966
3,985
10,179

17,158
2,974
3,988
10,196

17,207
2,980
4,001
10,226

17,218
2,973
4,006
10,239

17,254
2,972
4,014
10,268

17r320
2,970
4,031
10,319

17,308
2,963
4,041
10,304

17,350
2,957
4,050
10,343

17,379
2,951
4,049
10,379

17,330
2,951
4,059
10,320

17,359
2,956
4,070
10,333

17,548
2,991
4,094
10,463

17,539
2,993
4,091
10,455

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987

56




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1987

1988

Industry
Aug.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products...
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
,

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

47,582 47,700 47,941 48,072 48,240 48,396 48,615 48,772 48,865 48,999 49,306 49,371 49,491
38,893 38,985 39,170 39,295 39,425 39,573 39,767 39,881 39,969 40,075 40,357 40,459 40,549

6,905

6,931

6,963

6,990

7,007

7,022

7,028

7,040

7,058

7,082

7,103

7,125

7,112

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

97

97

99

97

100

533

536

538

542

543

546

549

552

558

566

569

574

578

6,276

6,299

6,329

6,352

6,368

6,380

6,383

6,392

6,403

6,419

6,435

6,454

6,434

3,011
118
164
114
103
320
454
870
396
301
171

3,024
119
165
114
103
321
456
873
398
303
172

3,038
120
166
115
104
322
458
877
398
304
174

3,045
120
166
115
104
323
460
878
398
306
175

3,056
121
166
116
105
324
463
881
399
306
175

3,059
122
167
116
104
325
466
882
396
306
175

3,062
122
166
116
105
325
467
882
393
308
178

3,067
122
166
116
104
326
469
885
393
308
178

3,077
123
166
117
105
327
471
886
396
308
178

3,085
123
167
118
106
329
473
885
397
309
178

3,096
123
166
117
108
331
476
890
397
311
177

3,112
123
168
119
107
333
480
891
398
313
180

3,107
123
166
118
107
332
482
891
396
314
178

3,265
514

3,275
515
17
353
880
165
651
297

3,291
518
17
353
883
165
654
299

3,307
521
17
354
886
166
658
301

3,312
521
18
354
883
167
660
303

3,321
528
18
353
881
167
664
303

3,321
528
18
353
879
167
666
304

3,325
526
17
352
880
167
669
305

3,326
528
17
350
875
167
672
307

3,334
526
17
351
877
167
673
309

3,339
526
17
351
874
168
677
311

3,342
521
18
351
874
169
679
311
(1)
307
87

3,327
514
18
347
868
169
683
313
(1)
304

16
353
876
164
650
296

(D

0)

d)

(D

0)

(D

(D

0)

d)

(D

(D

286
86

287
86

291
87

293
87

296
86

296
87

296
86

298
87

300

303
86

304
86

85

86

Service-producing

40,677 40,769 40,978 41,082 41,233 41,374 41,587 41,732

41,917 42,203 42,246

42,379

41,807
Transportation and public utilities ...

1,551

1,559

1,568

1,572

1,576

1,580

1,588

1,599

Wholesale trade

1,749

1,756

1,762

1,774

1,785

1,795

1,802

1,813

Retail trade

9,856

9,876

9,925

9,955

9,972 10,056 10,127 10,123

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

4,105

4,108

4,120

4,126

4,131

1,610

1,625

1,625

1,826

1,838

1,848

1,632

1,602

1,854

1,813
10,161 10,192 10,198

10,218

10,130
4,139

4,139

4,147

4,147

4,164

4,167

4,173

4,141
Services
Government
Federal

State
Local

14,727 14,755 14,832 14,878 14,954 14,981 15,083 15,159
8,689
1,049
1,929
5,711

8,715
1,056
1,927
5,732

8,771
1,057
1,935
5,779

This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




Aug

8,777
1,060
1,937
5,780

8,815
1,062
1,945
5,808

8,823
1,060
1,947
5,816

8,848
1,061
1,952
5,835

8,891
1,061
1,960
5,870

15,249 15,435 15,496
15,225
8,896
1,057
1,968
5,871

15,560
8,924
1,054
1,971
5,899

8,949
1,050
1,978
5,921

8,912
1,050
1,987
5,875

8,942
1,057
1,990
5,895

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Industry
Oct.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Nov.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.

69,766 69,988 70,234 70,405 70,787 70,961 71,170 71,260 71,736 71,948 72,063 72,095 72,337
17,743 17,698

17,798 17,839 17,909 17,925

17,601

17,678

534

531

530

524

527

529

533

3,949

3,972

3,998

3,949

4,022

4,059

4,096

13,118 13,175

13,215

13,225

7,564
627
425
453
584
213
1,063

7,590
630
427
457
584

7,582
629

1,230
1,235

1,238
1,241

1,283

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,532
621
424

383
274

1,285
665
385
277

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,586
1,153
39
634
929
518
851
582
109
650
121

5,611
1,159
40
636
932
518
856
585
109
655
121

Service-producing

Dec.

451
580
212
1,055
1,221

1,233
1,290
669

213

1,068

18,025

18,085

18,058

18,048

18,125

535

535

535

536

530

528

4,088

4,149

4,168

4,170

4,185

4,178

13,249 13,251 13,280 13,302 13,341 13,382 13,352 13,333 13,419
7,599
631
427
454

428
453
583
214
1,068
1,244
1,240

7,632
633
427
457
591

7,649
632
429
455

7,676
634
429
457

586

7,598
631
426
455
588

594

599

216

217

218

219

1,071

1,071

1,079

1,250

1,256
1,242

219
1,073
1,262
1,244

1,085
1,273

7,720
630
432
460
605
220
1,091
1,287

1,254

1,276
658
389
280

1,244
1,278
660
391
278

1,250

1,261
648
388
280

1,276
660

1,284
671

394
279

5,653
1,168
41
634
930
521
870
592
107
669
121

5,648
1,169
40
632
926
520
871
593
107
670
120

5,653
1,164
39
632
925
521
872
596
108
676
120

5,665
1,168
40
630
923
523
875
599
108
679
120

661
385
277

1,273
651
387
277

1,241
1,271
649
388
280

5,625
1,161
41
636
930
519
858
589
109
661
121

5,643
1,169
42
636
929
520
863
589
109
664
122

5,650
1,172
41
636
928
521
867
589
108
666
122

1,269

7,705
628
428
457
601
218
1,087
1,289
1,256
1,284
674

7,690
625
430
455
604
216
1,089
1,289
1,256
1,266
664

395
282

396
279

397
279

5,662
1,153
39
632
922
524
876
600
108
687
121

5,647
1,151
38
622
916
524
879
603
109
685
120

5,643
1,154
37
625
914
520
880
601
109
682
121

7,741
634
432
458
608
218
1,098
1,303
1,257
1,273
671
399

279
5,678
1,177
37
627
912
522
883
603
110
687
120

52,165 52,310 52,491 52,707 52,989 53,122 53,261 53,335 53,711 53,863 54,005 54,047 54,212

Transportation and public utilities

4,517

4,533

4,545

4,560

4,574

4,587

4,600

4,611

4,632

4,648

4,661

4,661

4,672

Wholesale trade

4,752

4,777

4,802

4,825

4,848

4,881

4,902

4,924

4,956

4,975

4,990

5,011

5,021

16,902 16,897

16,949

16,949

17,028

17,070

17,087 17,073

17,099

4,823

4,828

4,842

4,844

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

16,610 16,651
4,822

4,818

16,671 16,795
4,824




4,825

4,851

4,846

4,853

21,464 21,531 21,649 21,696 21,838 21,932 21,987 22,023 22,253 22,326 22,416 22,456 22,567

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

58

4,827

4,831

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Over
1-month
span

1986
1987
1988

57.0
50.8
61.6

47.3
59.2
61.6

49.5
61.1
62.2

50.8
62.4
63.8

51.9
62.4
58.1

46.8
61.6
68.9

51.9
70.8
61.4

54.1
62.2
51.9

Over
3-month
span

1986
1987
1988

50.0
57.6
71.6

47.6
57.0
66.8

45.7
65.1
67.0

46.2
69.2
66.8

46.2
68.1
71.4

46.2
71.9
69.7

48.1
73.8
68.4

Over
6-month
span

1986
1987
1988

48.1
64.6
73.5

47.3
64.3
70.3

43.8
63.0
70.3

42.7
70.3
73.8

43.2
72.4
70.5

47.0
77.3
P
66.8

Over
12-month
span

1986
1987
1988

42.2
63.8
77.6

41.6
67.3
77.6

43.8
69.5
P
73.8

44.9
73.5
P
73.2

45.7
76.8

48.6
76.8

Time
span

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment




P

P

51.9
76.8
57.6

Sept.

P

P

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

53.0
67.3
61.9

58.9
67.8

58.9
68.4

50.5
74.1
57.6

55.9
76.5

59.7
78.1

59.2
73.0

51.4
68.1
47.3

p

46.5
78.4
63.5

50.0
79.7

55.9
82.7

53.2
77.8

55.9
77.0

58.4
76.5

46.8
78.9

48.6
78.9

51.6
79.7

53.8
78.4

56.5
77.8

57.8
81.9

rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates
are currently projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When
more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted
data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructior

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

1,515.4
397.0
125.2
161.7
125.5
58.3

1,523.2
406.5
127.7
163.3
125.4
59.1

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

1,527.2
406.3
129.1
161.2
125.2
60.2

Sept.
1988p

Aug.
1988
11.4
5.9
.1
.5
.2
2.1

11.6
5.7
.1
.5
.2
2.4

Sept.
1987

11.2
5.7
.1
.5
.1
2.1

75.4
24.4
5.7
9.3
7.9
3.0

Aug.
1988
76.2
27.7
6.0
9.2
7.6
3.3

Sept.
1988p
74.4
27.6
5.9
9.0
7.5
3.2

217.9

222.3

218.5

8.8

9.3

9.1

12.6

11.4

11.1

1,390.2
915.7
243.2

1,379.9
912.0
241.1

1,405.4
924.8
247.2

11.6
.6
1.6

12.3
.6
1.8

12.3
.6
1.8

102.4
68.8
19.4

96.7
64.7
18.6

96.0
64.2
18.5

852.1
49.1
77.7
232.3
32.6

858.6
49.6
78.1
237.0
32.3

870.4
51.0
77.3
239.6
32.8

4.3

36.0
2.1
2.9
11.7
1.5

36.1
2.0
2.9
12.4
1.5

35.7
1.9
2.9
12.3
1.4

11,778.7
1,094.0
156.6
208.8
4,030.2
109.8
816.6
206.0
608.7
558.8
875.5
933.4
786.4
144.5
127.5
148.5
127.4

12,046.8
1,113.7
157.4
206.5
4,068.3
113.6
830.5
213.9
627.9
578.1
901.8
945.3
804.4
146.0
128.8
147.8
131.3

12,175.4
1,120.4
161.1
212.1
4,109.6
114.2
841.5
215.1
637.9
585.8
914.8
952.1
805.1
146.1
130.9
149.5
132.1

3.3
2.7
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3

610.8
64.7
9.5
12.7
152.4
7.5
50.0
13.4
53.6
35.7
58.3
35.6
33.2
6.6
9.1
8.6
9.4

660.8
66.5
9.0
13.1
158.0
7.0
52.6
14.1
58.0
38.1
62.4
36.9
33.2
6.8
9.7
8.7
10.7

663.5
67.3
8.9
13.1
159.4
6.7
53.2
14.0
57.9
38.5
62.4
37.4
33.4
6.9
9.6
8.6
10.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont.
Denver

1,400.6
105.4
794.8

1,388.7
104.2
787.5

1,400.3
106.3
791.1

20.8
.3
13.5

70.0
3.7
38.6

62.4
3.2
35.0

61.2
3.2
34.1

Connecticut

1,647.4
199.0
479.8
252.1
127.1
86.8

1,656.4
199.5
484.0
256.5
129.3
89.1

1,669.1
202.4
489.8
258.2
129.3
90.0

1.7

79.7
9.3
21.1
13.6
5.8
4.6

83.0
10.0
22.3
14.7
6.1
5.2

82.1
9.9
22.1
14.6
5.9
5.1

323.4
274.2

335.3
281.7

333.7
283.6

.1
.2

.1
.1

.1
.1

20.5
17.2

22.9
18.3

22.3
18.1

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

660.2
2,087.5

683.8
2,163.8

670.2
2,154.2

.1
1.3

.1
1.2

.1
1.3

15.8
133.9

15.5
140.6

15.1
139.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

4,870.0
110.8
461.2
106.3
398.1
144.0
828.7
478.4
126.1
104.1
109.3
798.3
324.6

5,016.5
114.7
479.4
113.3
415.1
150.6
824.6
497.8
125.3
107.1
110.3
809.5
335.4

5,081.4
115.4
483.3
114.9
419.7
152.1
837.2
502.1
127.2
107.9
113.2
818.4
342.1

8.9

345.7
8.6
35.4
12.1
27.8
8.3
42.2
33.9
9.4
10.6
5.9
59.4
28.4

353.8
8.7
35.7
13.1
28.5
8.5
40.6
36.4
8.9
10.7
6.0
59.3
29.2

356.2
8.6
35.8
13.1
28.4
8.4
40.6
36.4
9.0
10.6
6.0
59.2
29.6

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix ...
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington ....

See footnotes at end of table.

60




4.1
(1)
.9
.4

O

4.3

O

40.8
1.8
12.8
.6
9.4

O

1.0
.4

O

3.3
2.8
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3

21.0
.3
14.0

21.0
.3
13.6

1.7
.3
.3
.6

.4
.4
.5

8.8
(')

.4

.4
(1)

.4

O
O
O
0
0

.9
.3

C)

O
V)
O
0

.4
.4
.5

A

(1)
.4
.9
.3

(1)
.7

O

O

(')

(')

O

1.7
()

8.8

O

40.7
1.3
13.3
.6
9.4

41.3
1.3
13.5
.6
9.5
(')

(1)

1.0
.4

O

3.2
2.6
1.2
.8
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.7
.1
.3

O

O

.5

O
O

.9
.3

0
.6

o
(1)

.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and reta il trade

State and area
Sept.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

374.2
55.1
31.7
26.4
19.2
9.4

Aug.
1988
375.2
55.9
31.8
26.7
19.4
9.8

Sept.
1988P
375.5
56.5
31.9
25.7
19.2
9.8

Sept.
1987
72.9
28.0
2.9
9.1
5.0
1.9

Aug.
1988
73.9
28.5
3.0
9.4
5.1
1.9

Sept.
1988?
72.9
28.2
3.0
9.3
5.1
1.9

Sept.
1987
335.0
99.3
23.6
43.7
28.5
12.1

Aug.
1988
340.8
101.4
24.3
44.2
28.9
12.4

Sept.
1988p
341.1
101.4
24.4
44.2
29.0
12.6

15.4

20.9

16.1

18.9

18.9

18.8

43.7

43.9

43.4

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

188.4
136.5
31.1

189.3
138.2
30.2

189.7
138.6
30.1

73.0
50.1
9.5

72.8
50.3
9.4

72.7
50.2
9.5

337.8
229.4
55.0

341.3
230.4
56.8

342.9
231.5
57.0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

225.0
12.4
27.2
32.6
6.5

229.8
12.4
27.7
34.2
6.5

229.4
12.5
26.6
34.5
6.4

52.8
4.4
4.0
16.9
2.5

51.9
5.2
4.2
17.0
2.4

53.3
5.2
4.2
17.1
2.4

192.6
11.1
15.7
55.7
6.8

197.7
11.6
15.8
56.9
7.0

197.1
11.7
15.6
56.9
7.0

2,140.1
250.4
11.1
24.0
908.9
27.6
105.0
30.4
82.3
42.2
123.2
80.1
264.8
22.1
19.1
26.6
13.1

2,166.8
257.7
11.1
24.1
902.1
29.0
107.4
31.1
84.6
45.3
124.3
79.8
272.0
22.2
19.5
26.2
13.6

2,172.2
257.2
11.2
24.6
907.4
29.3
107.2
31.0
84.7
45.1
124.7
79.5
270.4
22.1
19.3
26.2
13.5

590.3
34.7
7.9
11.3
209.3
4.6
56.4
10.4
31.2
25.2
34.0
77.2
21.8
5.1
6.6
9.3
4.6

592.0
34.5
8.2
11.3
210.1
4.6
57.5
10.1
32.0
26.7
34.5
76.6
21.8
5.1
6.3
9.5
4.7

593.1
34.6
8.2
11.5
211.5
4.4
57.4
10.1
31.9
26.9
34.2
77.0
21.7
5.1
6.3
9.3
4.7

2,781.0
273.8
37.4
53.9
922.0
27.0
202.0
50.5
153.1
138.3
208.9
212.0
151.4
35.5
32.6
34.1
30.1

2,899.3
282.4
38.3
53.2
932.0
29.1
205.5
53.1
159.8
141.0
220.6
213.6
154.3
36.0
34.4
34.2
32.2

2,905.5
282.4
38.4
53.7
935.4
29.1
205.5
52.7
159.5
143.1
222.5
215.3
153.9
35.9
34.6
34.3
31.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

184.7
28.5
94.9

189.1
28.9
96.4

188.9
28.9
96.2

84.0
2.3
60.9

82.8
2.3
59.9

82.9
2.3
59.9

350.9
23.0
198.6

353.3
23.2
199.7

350.9
23.1
199.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

382.8
58.7
93.5
47.0
23.5
23.6

365.6
56.5
90.6
45.6
23.1
23.4

372.6
57.1
94.0
46.0
23.3
23.8

73.5
9.0
18.0
18.2
5.2
3.1

71.7
9.2
17.7
18.4
5.5
3.0

74.1
9.6
18.4
18.5
5.4
3.1

372.1
45.6
101.2
58.0
30.7
17.6

383.6
46.4
102.6
59.5
31.0
17.6

386.0
46.7
103.4
60.0
30.9
17.9

Delaware
Wilmington

70.1
59.5

68.4
56.7

68.4
56.6

13.8
14.9

13.8
14.9

14.3
15.5

71.8
57.5

74.2
59.7

72.6
59.7

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

16.3
87.0

16.5
88.0

16.2
86.8

24.5
101.9

25.0
108.4

25.0
108.4

63.3
414.4

63.9
429.2

64.1
426.2

530.4
11.8
45.9
5.4
38.6
28.0
95.1
54.1
11.7
8.8
4.6
92.2
36.0

536.6
11.6
46.5
5.6
40.0
30.0
96.0
54.8
11.4
9.0
4.8
94.6
36.0

537.9
11.7
46.7
5.6
40.2
30.1
96.0
54.8
11.5
8.9
4.9
94.6
35.9

257.2
3.4
22.4
4.8
28.0
5.8
69.2
24.8
6.2
3.6
3.1
38.1
11.9

260.8
3.5
23.3
5.1
28.0
6.0
68.0
26.0
6.2
3.5
3.1
39.4
12.2

261.4
3.5
23.4
5.1
28.5
5.9
67.8
25.9
6.2
3.5
3.2
39.3
12.4

1,311.1
32.4
137.0
30.5
106.9
33.4
222.1
125.2
32.8
30.5
23.1
219.9
85.6

1,375.6
34.6
144.0
33.2
112.9
34.6
223.2
131.6
33.9
31.3
23.5
226.4
90.4

1,377.8
34.4
144.0
33.5
112.8
35.0
223.3
132.0
33.8
31.1
23.6
226.0
92.0

Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

aovernmen

State and area
Sept.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

70.9
29.3
3.6
8.2
7.5
2.1

Aug.
1988
70.9
29.8
3.8
7.9
7.7
2.2

Sept.
1988?
70.5
29.7
3.8
7.9
7.7
2.2

Sept.
1987
279.7
94.2
28.2
36.8
26.2
8.4

Aug.
1988
284.1
96.3
30.2
37.6
25.8
8.5

Sept.
1988P
284.1
95.8
30.3
37.2
26.0
8.6

Sept.
1987
295.7
61.0
29.4
27.7
31.0
19.0

Aug.
198e
290.7
61.0
28.5
27.8
30.7
18.9

Sept.
1988p
297.5
61.4
29.7
27.4
30.6
19.8

Alaska ...

11.0

10.9

10.7

41.9

43.9

42.7

65.6

63.1

66.6

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

95.2
75.4
12.7

92.1
73.3
12.2

91.6
72.9
12.1

345.5
232.6
64.3

355.6
239.8
66.0

355.8
240.3
66.0

236.3
122.3
49.6

219.8
114.7
46.1

244.4
126.5
52.2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.9
1.5
2.7
15.9
1.5

38.4
1.5
2.6
16.4
1.5

38.1
1.5
2.6
16.3
1.5

155.5
7.2
16.9
53.0
6.2

161.9
7.4
17.1
55.6
6.4

161.8
7.6
16.7
55.7
6.4

148.2
10.4
7.4
46.1
7.6

138.5

7.0

150.7
10.6
7.7
46.4
7.7

810.5
91.6
6.3
13.4
286.3
4.6
55.0
10.3
26.8
34.0
61.3
112.6
34.8
8.7
8.5
8.8
4.5

825.8
90.7
6.2
12.7
295.9
4.6
56.3
10.7
28.0
35.3
63.0
114.0
34.9
8.7
8.8
8.4
4.5

826.0
90.7
6.2
12.6
295.2
4.6
56.4
10.9
28.0
35.3
62.9
113.6
35.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
4.5

2,930.5
266.6
32.6
49.5
1,056.4
21.7
188.6
48.8
142.0
119.3
232.8
282.4
196.4
39.5
28.8
30.5
28.6

3,018.5
273.2
32.4
50.0
1,075.2
22.5
193.4
51.2
146.5
126.8
243.4
293.8
205.6
40.7
29.3
30.6
29.8

3,040.8
272.2
32.3
50.7
1,083.8
22.6
196.3
51.6
148.2
127.3
244.2
293.7
204.3
40.5
29.3
30.9
29.5

1,874.7
110.4
39.0
43.4
485.5
16.8
156.4
39.6
118.5
163.3
156.2
132.6
83.8
25.7
22.1
30.5
36.8

1,842.3
107.4
38.7
41.5
485.5
16.8
154.5
40.8
117.7
164.2
152.8
129.7
82.4
25.2
20.0
30.1
35.5

1,933.6
114.7
42.6
45.3
507.5
17.5
162.2
42.1
126.4
168.9
163.1
134.7
86.1
25.6
22.4
31.6
37.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont....
Denver

98.7
4.2
67.0

97.0

96.7
4.1
66.0

330.0
21.6
196.6

335.4
22.2
198.3

334.1
22.0
197.2

261.3
21.8
124.2

247.7
20.0
118.4

264.8
22.4
125.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury

151.2
11.7
77.6
15.2
13.2
4.5

153.7
12.7
80.5
15.9
13.8

388.1
45.5
107.5
68.5
37.3
20.9

401.2
46.6
110.7
71.2
39.4
22.3

400.2
46.7
110.5
71.5
38.6
22.5

198.3
19.2
60.6
31.3
10.8
12.5

195.9
18.1
59.2
30.9

4.6

152.2
12.6
79.8
15.8
13.8
4.5

13.0

200.2
19.8
61.2
31.4
10.8
13.1

26.9
23.8

29.1
25.7

29.0
25.6

75.0
65.6

80.7
70.5

80.3
70.2

45.2
35.5

46.1
35.8

46.7
37.8

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

37.4
126.0

37.9
131.2

37.6
130.2

232.2
668.5

241.7
700.1

244.4
701.3

270.5
554.5

283.2
565.0

267.7
560.9

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ....
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ...

363.8
6.5
39.8
8.1
37.8
5.5
68.1
33.8
5.6
8.5
5.1
66.2
28.7

371.3

370.0
6.6
41.6
8.3
39.8
5.8
68.3
36.2
5.7
8.7
5.0
67.3
28.6

1,311.6
30.6
122.3
29.8
101.2
41.9
224.2
151.8
31.3
29.9
22.2
219.6
94.2

1,394.4
31.8
130.7
32.5
109.8
44.5
226.0
161.7
31.6
32.3
22.9
225.9
100.8

1,394.4
31.6
130.8
32.9
110.1
44.7
228.1
158.5
31.7
32.3
23.0
226.2
102.1

741.4
17.5
58.0
15.5
57.4
21.0
106.9
54.7
28.8
12.2
45.0
102.2
39.7

715.2
17.9
57.0
15.4
55.7
21.1
101.6
51.0
27.3
11.6
44.7
96.1
38.3

774.8
19.0
60.6
16.3
59.4
22.1
112.2
58.2
29.0
12.7
47.2
105.2
41.4

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

62




4.1

66.2

6.6

41.8
8.3

39.8
5.8
68.3
36.2
5.7
8.7
5.0
67.2
28.4

9.5
6.8

44.1

9.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

2,785.3
61.0
1,378.6
156.9
92.8
118.9
102.9

2,792.9
61.7
1,387.1
157.5
92.1
118.3
102.3

2,800.7
62.9
1,389.8
157.4
91.8
118.7
102.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

455.1
361.6

468.0
372.6

463.0
367.2

Idaho
Boise City

345.0
88.2

344.4
91.4

354.2
91.9

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,897.4
136.1
56.5
84.1
3,005.0
155.2
50.0
97.4
189.6
134.3
125.1
97.6

5,036.8
140.2
55.4
80.2
3,116.1
155.5
50.4
96.5
196.0
137.3
127.9
104.5

5,065.3
141.0
57.8
85.0
3,120.5
155.1
50.5
97.8
199.1
137.4
127.3
99.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,349.0
49.3
52.7
99.3
126.9
188.8
225.3
612.7
66.0
50.7
113.7
54.2

2,409.9
47.7
51.7
104.0
130.4
196.7
228.8
633.9
62.8
49.8
113.2
52.5

2,440.4
49.1
55.9
104.6
131.3
198.5
233.2
636.1
67.8
52.8
114.8
54.9

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,122.9
88.1
210.1
43.7
51.8
62.1

1,126.6
90.2
215.9
42.3
52.7
61.1

1,147.0
90.4
217.8
44.1
53.2
64.3

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,010.4
86.2
229.4

1,014.8
89.1
231.7

1,024.3
88.1
233.1

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,329.3
175.0
442.3
33.7

1,354.5
177.1
457.4
33.9

1,363.5
178.1
457.8
34.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,492.9
46.0
213.1
52.3
80.8
54.0
509.7
133.4

1,496.4
45.6
211.3
53.4
83.7
52.8
517.0
131.5

1,504.0
45.7
214.3
53.2
83.2
53.9
512.3
131.9

515.6
39.5
127.6

538.4
40.4
129.9

535.7
40.9
130.1

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988p

Aug.
1986

8.4
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

Sept.
1987

8.5
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

(')

(')

O

154.5
2.5
74.3
9.5
5.2
4.9
6.8

(')

(')

0

o

(')
(1)

21.2
16.6

21.1
16.8

21.0
16.7

3.4

15.5
4.6

16.6
4.8

16.8
4.9

24.0

207.0
6.7
1.8
2.5
127.1
4.9
2.0
5.6
9.5
5.5
4.9
3.5

226.2
7.5
1.8
2.5
135.6
4.9
1.9
5.7
10.3
5.6
4.7
3.4

223.3
7.4
1.8
2.7
135.3
4.8
1.9
5.7
10.4
5.7
4.7
3.4

109.4
1.4
2.3
2.9
7.7
10.1
12.5
32.4
3.0
2.2
5.4
2.1

122.9
1.5
2.8
3.1
7.9
11.9
14.3
35.3
4.0
2.3
6.4
2.5

120.1
1.5
2.7
3.1
7.6
11.8
14.4
34.7
3.7
2.3
6.2
2.3

2.4
.1

39.3
3.7
8.9
1.5
2.0
2.1

40.1
3.4
8.3
1.4
1.8
2.4

39.8
3.5
8.2
1.4
1.9
2.4

11.5

11.4

2.4

o 2.3

47.1
3.8
10.4

46.1
3.5
10.4

44.3
3.4
10.3

39.0
.7
.5
.9

36.1
.5
.4
.7

35.7
.5
.4
.7

62.1
10.7
24.0
2.2

66.7
9.4
25.8
2.4

65.9
9.6
25.6
2.2

55.0
.2
.8
5.8
10.5
.4
14.7
3.3

54.9
.2
.8
6.2
10.7
.4
15.1
2.9

54.7
.2
.8
6.0
10.6
.3
15.2
2.9

81.1
2.5
19.8
1.5
3.0
2.7
21.9
7.4

84.6
2.5
21.9
1.8
2.9
2.7
22.4
7.9

83.3
2.5
21.6
1.8
3.1
2.6
22.1
7.8

.1

33.0
2.4
10.0

38.3
2.6
10.1

37.0
2.5
9.7

8.6
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

3.0
(2)

3.4
(2)

24.4

O
(1)
O

2.5

(2)

24.0
(1)

O
O

2.5

O
O
0
01
()
0

(')
(1)

0
O
(1)
O
(1)

o
o
o
0
O

8.4

2.1

2.3
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

.3

.3

2.5
.2

2.4
.1

O
V)
O
(1)

o
0
1

()

11.8
(')
2.5

0

.1

0
(')

.8

.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

V)

2.1
(2)
(2)

.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

8.4
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

2.5

C)
O

o

9.0
(2)
(2)
(2)

O
O
0

.3

(')

V)
(1)

n

.1
(1)

(1)

O

O

151.6
2.4
72.9
9.9
5.2
5.0
6.7

146.9
2.3
70.6
9.7
5.1
4.9
6.8

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

572.6
15.6
187.1
35.9
20.3
18.5
17.5

562.7
15.4
180.9
36.7
20.1
18.3
16.6

563.4
15.3
179.3
36.8
20.3
18.6
16.8

177.5
1.8
117.1
5.3
3.7
4.9
9.6

178.6
1.8
120.5
5.2
3.6
4.9
8.9

179.2
1.7
121.1
5.2
3.5
5.0
9.2

696.7
13.0
379.8
34.2
20.6
26.9
25.1

698.9
12.7
381.6
33.4
20.1
26.9
25.4

701.6
12.9
382.9
33.3
20.0
27.0
25.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

22.2
16.5

22.2
16.3

21.9
16.2

36.8
30.3

36.7
30.4

36.7
30.4

123.7
97.1

126.2
99.0

125.5
98.5

Idaho
Boise City

56.6
11.3

57.8
12.9

59.1
13.0

18.7
5.2

18.4
5.3

18.8
5.3

86.7
22.9

86.6
23.4

87.6
23.6

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

936.4
36.6
5.2
7.8
551.8
33.0
13.0
19.7
42.3
31.8
42.7
3.8

950.1
37.5
6.1
8.2
553.3
32.7
13.5
19.9
44.4
34.6
45.0
3.9

950.2
37.2
6.1
8.2
553.9
32.8
13.4
19.9
44.5
34.6
44.9
3.9

298.3
3.1
2.6
2.3
195.1
8.2
4.9
8.4
6.7
6.8
4.3
4.8

302.0
3.1
2.6
2.3
196.3
8.2
4.8
8.2
7.0
6.6
4.4
4.9

305.2
3.1
2.6
2.3
198.1
8.2
4.8
8.3
7.3
6.6
4.4
5.0

1,231.9
38.1
12.8
19.3
760.6
42.3
11.5
22.8
50.3
33.3
28.9
22.0

1,270.6
39.4
12.8
19.1
787.3
42.5
11.4
22.9
53.3
33.1
29.1
24.1

1,273.2
39.7
12.8
19.3
789.0
42.5
116
22.9
53.2
33.1
29.0
22.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

626.5
17.6
9.0
53.6
30.7
51.2
56.2
107.5
12.0
10.6
24.2
10.5

636.1
16.3
9.7
57.1
31.2
52.4
56.9
105.7
12.5
10.7
23.3
10.1

638.0
17.0
9.8
56.9
31.2
52.3
57.2
106.4
12.6
10.8
21.9
10.0

122.4
1.5
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.2
15.1
37.5
2.0
2.3
5.0
2.8

131.2
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.8
15.2
38.9
2.0
2.5
5.2
2.9

131.8
1.6
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.7
15.3
38.9
2.0
2.5
5.2
2.9

556.1
11.4
12.0
18.4
33.3
46.4
53.5
158.2
13.3
12.8
30.0
14.8

579.6
11.5
12.1
19.3
34.8
49.4
55.6
166.0
13.0
12.9
30.9
15.3

577.6
11.6
12.7
19.1
34.9
49.3
55.6
165.5
13.2
13.0
31.1
15.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

219.2
22.5
24.8
12.8
10.2
13.9

225.9
24.1
25.4
13.3
10.4
14.7

227.0
24.1
25.6
13.1
10.6
15.4

53.9
5.8
12.2
1.7
3.1
1.7

55.1
6.6
12.7
1.9
3.2
1.8

54.9
6.6
12.6
1.9
3.3
1.8

285.1
21.3
55.5
9.8
13.6
14.9

292.7
22.1
58.4
9.9
14.2
15.3

293.5
21.9
58.6
10.0
14.2
15.4

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

177.0
8.6
60.1

181.3
8.8
60.5

181.1
8.5
60.6

61.9
6.7
10.8

61.1
6.4
10.7

61.1
6.3
10.7

254.5
19.6
53.1

257.5
20.7
54.0

257.9
20.6
53.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

263.4
27.8
86.8
5.9

274.2
30.2
88.2
6.0

274.0
30.0
88.3
6.2

67.5
7.8
28.0
2.2

68.5
8.0
30.2
2.2

67.8
8.0
30.4
2.2

317.7
41.9
109.4
8.5

331.7
44.2
115.2
8.5

331.4
44.5
115.9
8.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-rThibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

165.8
3.5
18.5
4.5
5.8
7.1
41.9
17.5

169.4
3.4
18.7
4.3
5.9
7.1
43.4
17.3

170.6
3.4
18.7
4.3
5.9
7.4
42.9
17.4

104.8
2.2
10.4
5.5
5.7
2.9
43.4
8.2

105.6
2.2
10.5
6.3
6.1
2.6
44.3
8.1

105.7
2.2
10.5
6.4
6.0
2.6
44.7
8.1

365.4
11.0
51.1
13.8
21.8
14.4
135.4
32.6

364.9
11.2
51.9
13.7
23.2
13.9
132.3
31.7

365.3
11.1
52.1
13.6
23.1
13.8
132.5
31.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

104.8
10.4
16.3

110.7
10.5
16.9

108.5
10.3
16.7

21.0
1.4
6.1

21.7
1.5
5.9

21.9
1.5
5.8

129.7
9.7
37.7

137.4
10.1
38.8

133.5
10.0
38.7

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

64




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988^

157.2
2.0
99.6
6.3
6.2
7.5
4.5

157.8
1.9
100.4
6.1
6.1
7.8
4.4

157.5
2.0
100.0
6.0
6.1
7.8
4.3

544.7
9.5
325.7
32.0
16.0
22.7
23.6

557.7
9.7
332.7
32.6
16.6
22.5
24.0

560.2
9.8
334.9
32.5
16.5
22.4
23.9

473.7
16.4
193.6
33.2
20.6
33.3
15.7

477.0
17.6
196.8
33.3
20.2
32.8
16.2

483.3
18.8
199.6
33.4
20.1
32.9
16.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

34.2
28.7

34.7
29.1

34.6
28.9

127.7
98.0

130.3
100.4

131.6
100.4

89.3
74.4

96.8
80.6

91.7
76.1

Idaho
Boise City

19.2
7.6

19.3
7.7

19.4
7.7

70.2
19.8

72.1
20.6

72.4
20.2

75.1
16.8

70.2
16.7

76.7
17.2

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
RocKford
Springfield

359.7
6.4
9.4
3.3
259.8
8.0
2.7
3.8
6.8
7.0
5.3
7.8

366.5
6.6
9.6
3.4
266.3
8.2
2.7
3.9
6.8
7.0
5,4
8.1

364.6
6.6
9.6
3.4
264.7
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.6
7.0
5.3
8.0

1,154.5
30.2
11.7
16.1
787.7
31.1
10.4
20.0
43.5
33.8
26.6
23.8

1,212.2
32.6
12.1
16.8
824.9
31.7
10.8
20.2
45.1
34.9
27.6
26.5

1,197.9
32.1
11.8
16.4
815.7
30.9
10.5
19.9
45.2
34.2
26.7
23.8

685.2
14.9
13.0
32.8
320.4
27.7
5.5
16.8
29.9
16.1
12.4
31.8

685.2
13.4
10.4
27.9
349.9
27.3
5.3
15.4
28.5
15.5
11.7
33.5

726.9
14.8
13.1
32.7
361.3
27.7
5.6
17.0
31.3
16.2
12.3
32.7

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

116.6
1.6
1.8
2.5
5.2
12.2
8.3
46.4
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.0

122.1
1.7
2.1
2.8
5.4
12.2
8.6
49.7
3.2
1.7
6.5
2.0

119.9
1.7
2.0
2.7
5.4
12.0
8.5
48.9
3.2
1.7
6.4
2.1

459.2
9.8
8.0
13.3
29.8
38.9
48.4
138.6
11.5
10.6
31.3
11.2

478.4
9.7
8.4
13.8
30.8
41.3
49.8
147.1
11.5
11.0
30.9
10.5

477.3
10.0
8.6
14.2
31.1
41.9
50.4
147.6
11.7
11.1
32.7
10.8

349.9
5.9
17.9
5.7
11.3
17.7
31.2
91.4
21.2
10.6
11.5
10.5

331.3
5.5
14.9
5.1
11.6
16.6
28.4
90.4
16.6
8.6
10.1
8.9

367.2
5.9
18.4
5.8
12.4
18.5
31.7
93.2
21.3
11.4
11.3
11.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

65.3
5.0
27.4
1.4
2.7
3.0

67.6
5.0
29.9
1.5
2.6
2.8

67.0
4.9
29.9
1.5
2.6
2.8

249.5
19.4
52.9
12.8
13.9
14.3

248.4
19.9
53.4
11.3
14.0
13.6

254.0
20.2
54.4
12.7
14.2
14.3

208.1
10.2
28.2
3.6
6.3
12.1

194.4
9.0
27.6
2.9
6.5
10.4

208.4
9.1
28.3
3.4
6.4
12.1

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

56.6
6.3
11.4

57.6
6.7
11.4

57.3
6.7
11.4

202.8
20.7
54.1

209.7
21.3
56.1

210.7
21.2
56.8

198.7
20.4
27.0

190.0
21.6
26.2

200.5
21.3
27.3

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

61.3
9.3
29.0
1.4

62.3
9.4
29.9
1.5

61.6
9.4
29.6
1.5

278.3
42.0
103.9
7.6

286.2
40.9
108.2
8.1

286.5
41.2
107.1
8.1

240.0
34.8
60.7
5.0

228.8
34.5
59.5
4.5

240.6
34.9
60.5
4.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

84.8
2.6
13.5
2.3
3.9
4.6
34.3
7.4

84.3
2.6
13.5
2.2
3.7
4.5
33.7
7.1

84.2
2.6
13.5
2.1
3.6
4.6
33.6
6.9

326.3
11.3
43.7
8.6
18.3
11.6
133.5
32.6

329.7
11.4
43.9
9.1
19.1
11.7
137.3
33.1

332.6
11.5
44.1
9.0
18.7
12.0
137.0
32.7

309.7
12.7
55.3
10.3
11.8
10.3
84.6
24.4

303.0
12.1
50.1
9.8
12.1
9.9
88.5
23.4

307.6
12.2
53.0
10.0
12.2
10.6
84.3
24.5

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

25.2
2.2
12.6

25.6
2.4
13.0

25.4
2.5
12.8

112.0
9.7
30.2

124.4
10.0
31.2

117.7
10.2
30.7

89.8
3.7
14.7

80.2
3.3
14.0

91.6
3.9
15.7

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,035.3
1,090.5
459.3
715.1

2,040.8
1,090.0
461.0
722.3

2,054.1
1,092.9
459.9
730.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,060.0
1,715.7
72.6
56.0
40.0
162.7
104.9
67.4
238.2
200.0

3,124.7
1,725.7
74.2
56.8
39.1
162.7
105.3
68.6
237.5
205.0

3,133.2
1,741.2
75.4
57.3
40.0
164.8
106.9
68.7
240.6
207.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,727.0
164.1
57.8
63.1
1,857.9
174.6
316.3
105.1
196.4
57.2
155.0

3,708.1
165.2
58.5
64.9
1,856.1
162.0
323.4
103.9
197.4
57.9
157.8

3,757.5
170.3
58.8
65.0
1,871.5
167.8
328.0
107.7
204.2
57.4
160.9

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

1,990.9
90.7
1,299.5
57.8
69.1

2,036.0
89.8
1,318.0
59.4
69.9

2,051.3
90.7
1,325.6
60.0
72.4

879.3
178.7

875.2
179.9

892.0
182.7

6.2
.9

2,214.6
736.7
1,134.2
108.7

2,204.9
737.2
1,136.9
111.2

2,233.4
739.3
1,147.0
114.4

Montana

278.7

276.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

667.0
112.1
301.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

Sept
1987

Sept
1988

Aug
1986

2.0
.3

1.8
.3

Sept.
1987

1.9
.3

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

156.3
75.1
20.2
64.0

156.1
76.0
20.4
63.7

157.1
76.0
20.3
64.3

147.1
73.1
4.1
2.6
2.7
8,6
5.8
3.4
10.7
9.9

164.4
79.1
4.6
3.0
3.1
9.1
6.7
3.8
11.2
11.3

161.9
78.4
4.6
3.0
3.0
8.9
6.6
3.8
11.2
11.1

133.0
5.8
2.1
1.6
64.2
4.7
14.9
3.3
5.8
2.3
6.7

146.7
6.9
2.4
1.7
68.9
4.8
16.4
3.5
6.4
2.5
7.6

145.8
7.0
2.4
1.6
68.8
4.7
16.2
3.5
6.5
2.4
7.6

7.5
4.8

94.3
5.6
59.5
2.2
4.7

90.9
4.0
60.2
2.2
4.1

89.9
4.1
59.9
2.1
4.2

6.4
1.1

6.3
1.1

35.9
9.0

34.7
8.7

34.7
8.8

5.7
.5
3.6
.1

5.6
.5
3.5
.1

5.7
.5
3.6
.1

104.6
38.2
58.5
5.4

107.0
38.9
60.0
6.1

105.4
38.4
59.3
6.1

279.7

6.3

6.6

6.2

10.4

10.4

10.3

666.5
111.9
306.1

673.1
113.7
306.5

1.8

1.9

1.8
.2

25.8
4.4
12.7

25.9
4.6
12.7

25.2
4.4
12.6

511.6
289.0
136.2

535.8
302.4
140.7

541.6
307.1
141.6

8.5
.3
.9

10.9
.3
1.2

10.9
.3
1.2

31.2
18.9
7.5

35.3
20.9
8.8

35.3
20.7
9.0

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

523.6
94.4
113.2

543.2
95.7
117.0

543.9
97.0
117.2

.7
.1
.2

.8
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

40.6
5.5
6.5

43.4
5.9
7.0

42.6
5.9
6.6

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

3,604.4
169.0
672.3
424.0
243.6
517.2
324.9
953.2
194.3

3,707.0
183.9
684.3
440.4
250.1
536.5
347.3
973.8
198.3

3,685.5
177.3
685.7
440.8
249.4
534.5
337.9
971.3
199.4

2.5

177.9
10.4
32.4
26.2
7.2
24.1
21.9
40.2
5.6

194.0
10.9
34.1
29.7
8.4
25.9
25.9
45.0
6.1

191.2
10.6
34.0
29.3
8.1
25.7
25.6
44.8
5.9

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

66




0

.7

0

.6

1.9
.9

0
01
()
0
0

.2
.2
.1

.9

0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
(21)
(2)

.1
.2

.9

7.0
4.3

C)
0
(')

.1
.1
.6
.7

0

o

10.3

0
0
(')

.9

f)

.2

(')

2.5

0
0
(1)
0

.1
.1
.2

7.6
4.8

2.4

0

V)
0
01
()

0
(')
0
0
(')
(')

02
(2)
()

.2

2.0
1.1

10.5

0
0
0

0
0
0

()

(1)

.1

0

n1
(0)

9

.7

2.0
1.1

10.1

01
()
0

0

()
.2
.1

.2
.1
(1)
.7

.7
.7

0
0

.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

208.7
132.5
44.7
35.1

207.5
130.7
43.8
36.0

207.3
131.2
44.2
35.8

93.8
53.9
28.4
27.3

93.3
52.9
27.6
28.1

94.3
53.3
27.9
27.7

522.5
268.3
98.3
190.9

527.4
270.4
98.2
194.7

525.0
270.3
98.5
193.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

593.5
280.0
11.3
17.1
11.7
51.0
35.7
19.4
50.8
46.1

578.8
273.5
11.5
16.2
11.2
49.3
35.5
18.6
50.5
45.8

579.9
273.2
11.4
16.0
11.5
49.5
35.3
18.5
50.2
45.9

131.9
75.4
5.2
1.8
1.6
7.0
3.6
2.9
9.7
8.9

129.0
75.0
4.9
1.8
1.5
6.2
3.2
3.0
9.6
8.4

132.4
76.2
5.4
1.9
1.7
6.7
3.4
3.0
10.1
8.6

721.9
381.3
21.9
15.1
10.1
36.4
22.1
16.5
56.9
47.5

738.6
384.5
23.3
16.0
9.9
38.2
22.4
17.2
57.5
47.8

737.4
386.4
23.5
16.0
10.2
38.2
22.6
17.1
56.7
48.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

966.8
39.0
15.6
21.4
468.4
56.4
96.6
29.4
31.5
17.7
43.8

914.5
38.3
15.6
21.1
435.7
44.4
99.1
29.9
30.9
17.4
43.2

938.8
38.6
15.6
21.0
449.2
48.6
99.6
30.1
33.3
17.5
43.9

150.2
4.2
1.8
2.3
84.6
4.6
11.1
3.2
5.8
2.3
6.8

153.9
4.4
1.9
2.5
87.7
4.6
11.3
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.1

151.9
4.4
1.9
2.5
86.4
4.5
11.2
3.4
5.6
1.9
7.0

866.3
28.9
11.6
13.3
440.2
45.5
81.7
23.5
41.4
12.7
36.4

887.3
30.4
12.1
14.3
452.3
47.3
84.7
23.8
43.4
13.1
38.0

885.9
30.9
12.2
14.0
451.7
47.3
85.7
24.2
43.7
12.9
37.6

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul .
Rochester
St. Cloud

384.0
7.7
257.6
10.9
11.8

399.4
7.9
264.9
11.7
12.7

397.0
7.8
263.1
11.6
12.7

102.0
5.9
71.1
1.7
3.4

100.8
6.2
70.2
1.7
3.6

104.1
6.2
74.2
1.7
3.7

496.8
22.2
324.6
11.5
20.9

515.1
22.1
326.7
11.7
22.5

515.0
22.0
326.4
11.8
22.7

Mississippi
Jackson

232.2
21.0

234.1
21.1

234.2
21.2

42.7
12.6

43.4
13.2

43.6
13.1

187.5
42.4

191.5
43.3

191.4
43.3

Missouri
Kansas City..
St. Louis
Springfield ....

424.4
109.8
220.3
20.9

422.1
109.4
222.6
21.7

424.2
109.2
224.3
21.7

144.8
56.7
73.7
7.1

143.7
55.3
74.2
7.3

143.3
55.5
75.2
7.4

544.9
193.7
275.3
30.5

557.4
193.7
279.7
31.7

556.1
193.1
276.7
31.9

Montana .

21.8

20.2

21.3

19.6

19.2

19.2

74.2

75.1

73.9

Nebraska...
Lincoln
Omaha

90.0
13.5
34.4

93.4
14.2
36.2

93.2
14.2
36.1

43.7
5.9
23.2

44.3
5.9
24.2

44.3
5.9
24.2

171.8
25.9
76.8

171.6
25.2
77.5

171.6
25.4
77.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

23.5
8.8
8.2

24.5
9.0
8.1

24.3
9.0
7.9

28.0
15.8
9.2

28.6
16.2
9.3

28.7
16.2
9.4

103.8
61.1
30.2

109.3
64.3
31.5

109.3
64.3
31.7

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

118.9
37.2
20.9

120.7
37.3
20.7

121.1
37.5
20.8

17.4
2.1
3.0

17.1
2.2
3.4

17.8
2.1
3.4

130.9
21.1
29.9

138.5
21.3
33.2

136.2
21.0
31.5

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

677.6
8.6
161.9
71.2
49.S
115.0
30.2
181.4
31.0

669.9
8.3
160.4
72.2
49.2
116.8
29.8
176.7
31.1

670.9
8.4
160.9
72.3
48.8
117.2
30.0
178.3
30.5

241.4
6.1
29.0
18.4
31.7
43.7
16.4
81.6
6.7

245.3
6.3
27.8
19.1
31.2
44.2
16.9
80.3
6.6

247.2
6.3
28.1
19.1
31.5
44.7
17.1
79.4
6.7

864.5
38.2
192.5
114.7
59.5
124.8
87.7
195.7
31.5

886.5
47.3
195.3
118.7
61.3
128.8
95.4
198.2
32.2

877.8
41.4
195.1
118.3
61.6
129.1
91.6
198.2
32.4

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

125.8
75.5
44.0
41.8

128.5
76.2
45.1
43.3

128.0
75.6
44.7
43.0

546.0
288.7
140.2
210.4

552.7
290.6
139.8
213.7

552.0
291.2
141.0
212.5

380.3
196.1
83.5
144.9

373.5
192.9
86.0
142.2

388.5
195.0
83.2
153.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

220.4
152.1
3.2
2.9
1.8
6.4
4.3
2.5
16.4
14.3

233.2
157.3
3.3
3.2
2.0
6.6
4.3
2.7
16.8
15.5

231.0
156.5
3.2
3.2
2.0
6.5
4.3
2.7
16.7
15.1

851.2
547.5
15.3
10.1
8.0
33.2
20.3
13.0
56.6
48.8

890.0
560.7
15.7
10.8
8.1
35.1
20.5
13.8
57.3
52.3

892.9
564.3
15.8
10.8
8.1
34.9
20.7
13.7
58.6
52.8

392.1
205.4
11.6
6.4
4.1
20.1
12.9
9.7
36.9
24.4

388.7
194.5
10.9
5.8
3.3
18.2
12.6
9.5
34.5
23.7

395.7
205.1
11.5
6.4
3.5
20.1
13.9
9.9
37.0
25.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegpn
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

178.7
4.6
3.3
2.6
103.0
5.8
13.9
4.8
11.7
1.3
6.1

186.3
4.7
3.3
2.7
108.6
5.9
14.2
5.0
12.4
1.4
6.4

184.6
4.7
3.3
2.7
107.6
5.9
14.1
5.1
12.4
1.3
6.3

823.9
33.1
12.0
13.6
464.8
31.0
66.1
23.2
37.2
11.8
33.7

840.0
35.1
11.9
14.3
474.5
31.4
67.7
23.5
39.1
12.3
35.3

841.6
35.2
12.0
14.6
475.6
31.3
69.0
23.4
39.6
12.2
35.0

597.9
48.2
11.3
8.0
231.8
26.4
31.7
17.5
62.7
9.0
21.3

568.9
45.4
11.3
8.2
227.6
23.6
29.8
14.8
59.4
8.8
20.0

598.7
49.4
11.4
8.5
231.3
25.4
31.9
17.9
62.9
9.1
23.4

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

120.9
3.1
93.9
1.6
2.4

125.1
3.3
97.0
1.7
2.4

123.7
3.3
96.3
1.7
2.5

485.2
20.8
330.2
24.1
14.7

503.4
21.8
337.5
25.2
14.3

506.4
21.5
338.9
25.0
15.0

300.7
21.0
162.0
5.9
11.4

293.7
19.7
160.8
5.2
10.2

307.8
21.2
166.1
6.0
11.6

38.8
14.4

39.4
14.5

39.2
14.4

139.6
39.0

141.1
40.1

143.1
40.7

196.3
39.4

184.7
37.9

199.5
40.1

135.2
58.0
74.0
4.7

137.2
58.7
74.3
4.7

135.7
58.3
73.3
4.6

512.2
170.4
288.9
27.4

518.5
172.7
294.3
27.9

517.7
174.0
294.6
28.9

342.8
109.4
139.9
12.6

313.4
108.0
128.3
11.7

345.3
110.3
140.0
13.7

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

13.2

12.7

12.5

65.6

67.6

66.6

67.6

64.6

69.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

48.0
8.2
28.9

48.3
8.8
28.8

48.2
8.9
28.7

150.5
23.8
80.1

150.4
23.2
83.4

150.6
23.6
82.5

135.4
30.4
44.9

130.7
30.0
43.1

138.2
31.3
44.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

24.1
14.6
7.1

25.3
15.5
7.2

25.2
15.5
7.1

227.5
136.7
56.7

239.4
145.0
58.9

240.5
146.9
58.4

65.0
32.8
16.4

62.5
31.2
15.7

67.4
34.2
16.9

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

32.6
4.0
6.7

34.6
4.3
7.0

33.8
4.0
6.9

117.4
17.7
21.2

125.8
18.5
23.8

123.0
18.6
23.0

65.1
6.7
24.8

62.3
6.1
21.8

68.7
7.8
24.9

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

228.7
7.5
37.9
25.0
13.0
35.7
18.1
77.1
9.5

241.1
7.7
41.0
26.6
13.9
36.7
18.7
80.8
9.7

237.0
7.4
40.3
26.4
13.8
36.5
18.2
79.7
9.6

886.5
73.7
152.6
99.6
42.9
105.7
90.7
248.8
54.8

929.4
79.3
159.9
103.9
43.0
114.6
99.5
260.0
57.0

918.0
78.7
159.8
102.8
44.0
112.1
94.0
258.5
58.0

525.4
24.4
65.9
68.8
39.4
67.6
59.7
127.7
55.2

53L.3
24.0
65.6
70.1
43.1
68.8
60.9
132.1
55.6

540.9
24.4
67.3
72.5
41.6
68.5
61.2
131.7
56.3

See footnotes at end of table.

68




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988P

536.0
235.2
40.4
54.1

540.4
236.2
40.2
57.2

547.6
239.1
41.3
56.2

15.4

15.5

15.5

.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy ...
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
,
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,095.3
408.3
121.5
441.5
38.9
1,132.3
4,113.1
3,585.1
81.8
102.2
117.7
460.9
97.3
301.7
123.7
412.2

8,224.6
416.0
122.0
446.5
40.6
1,143.3
4,157.5
3,617.5
82.8
105.2
121.1
470.2
99.1
304.3
125.8
421.2

8,236.7
414.9
123.0
450.5
40.6
1,145.0
4,148.0
3,615.3
83.7
104.7
121.6
474.0
98.4
307.7
126.2
415.5

6.2
.3

6.4
.4

6.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ...
Raleigh-Durham

2,890.0
78.0
584.0
466.8
383.2

2,922.0
80.3
599.3
465.1
390.1

256.2
37.5
71.0
29.8

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

O
0

1

()
.4

.4
.2
1.2
.6

O

.2
1.2
.7

.4

C)
O

A

Sept.
1988P

32.4
16.1
2.2
2.6

31.5
15.9
2.3
2.7

30.8
15.8
2.2
2.6

356.2
22.0
5.7
19.6

373.2
22.3
5.6
20.1
1.9
65.7
164.2
127.9
3.9
6.8
7.5
21.4
5.7
18.6
4.9
28.5

372.1
22.0
5.7
19.6

1.8

.2
1.2
.6

Aug.
1988

1.9

.3
.2
.3

.3
.2
.3

.2
.3

63.5
160.0
123.4
3.7
6.2
6.6
21.0
5.8
17.1
4.6
29.1

2,962.8
80.0
602.6
470.6
391.7

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.1
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.1
.1
.4
.3
.4

161.8
4.3
35.3
24.9
21.8

172.6
4.4
39.3
25.7
22.8

170.9
4.3
39.2
25.6
22.6

255.5
37.7
71.2
28.8

258.5
38.0
73.1
29.9

4.5
.2

4.3
.2

4.3
.2

13.3

12.2

11.8

2.0
4.0
2.0

1.9
4.4
1.7

1.8
4.3
1.5

4,641.3
269.3
157.7
689.7
900.3
662.8
433.1
283.4
191.8

4,693.3
268.0
160.5
703.6
914.8
680.0
434.0
288.2
194.5

4,740.4
273.2
161.7
710.9
919.1
687.6
442.8
294.4
198.3

21.4
.5

20.5

20.5

196.4

.6
1.1
.6
1.0
1.0
.4

9.8
7.0

212.2
10.6

211.3
10.5

.7

.6
1.1
.6
1.0
1.0
.4
.3
.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City ...
Tulsa

1,107.2
21.9
33.4
403.1
288.5

1,097.1
21.4
32.5
395.8
289.9

1,109.2
21.7
33.2
401.6
291.5

46.6
1.0
.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

1,113.8
105.0
564.2
101.0

1,148.3
106.2
575.4
102.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
PittsDurgh

4,962.4
274.1
52.5
50.9
111.4
297.8
79.4
180.5
2,148.6
773.3
853.4

5,062.2
277.2
53.4
51.9
113.1
302.5
80.2
185.7
2,188.4
779.1
867.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks

•

O
(12)
()

.8

(2)

O
(')
(2)

.7

(2)

O

1.0
.5
1.1
1.0
.4

.7

(2)
.3

O
(')

o
(')

(')

O
(')
(2)

65.1
165.4
129.7
3.9
6.7
7.3
21.1
5.7
18.0
4.7
28.1

8.2

8.1

.3

32.1
31.1
29.5
17.9
11.8

35.1
32.1
32.3
20.0
13.5

35.3
32.0
32.3
19.9
13.6

.7

8.3

9.4

9.3

43.7

42.9

34.7

34.8

32.3

1.0
.2

.9
.2

.6
1.2

.6
1.1

.6
1.1

11.4
15.3

10.8
14.9

10.8
14.9

13.0

12.2

9.9

12.7
10.3

1,158.3
108.8
580.8
103.0

1.5
.2

1.5

1.5
.2

38.6

41.5

41.1

5,075.4
278.5
52.7
52.2
114.2
302.3
79.8
186.2
2,182.8
777.0
869.5

.3

9.8

.2
.5

3.7

3.7

3.7

.5

.5

21.7

21.8

21.8

.1

.1

.1

3.4

3.7

3.7

31.3

29.8

29.9
.6

243.6
14.0

259.4
15.4

257.5
15.2

.2

2.9
4.0
3.9

2.8
4.6
4.3

2.8
4.7
4.0

.3

13.0

13.6

13.6

.6
(2)
(2)

.6
(2)
(2)

.2
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
(2)

(2)
(2)

.2
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
(2)

5.8

3.6
.4
1.1
(2)

5.5

5.5

3.3

3.4

3.3

11.0
108.2
18.4
44.5

12.0
119.4
18.3
44.3

11.8
118.1
18.1
43.9

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

39.8
20.2
4.5
1.7

41.4
20.6
4.3
1.8

41.6
20.5
4.3
1.8

29.1
12.5
1.3
1.2

28.0
12.2
1.2
1.3

28.8
12.5
1.2
1.3

130.4
60.8
8.4
10.7

134.5
62.6
9.1
11.6

134.4
62.6
9.2
11.3

1,231.7
49.3
38.1
77.3
8.2
175.0
465.7
382.2
24.3
14.7
29.7
132.0
14.6
52.4
24.5
66.9

1,223.3
47.6
38.8
77.1
8.9
169.7
459.5
375.6
23.6
15.1
30.8
137.2
15.0
52.7
24.7
67.1

1,226.6
47.5
38.2
77.9
9.0
170.2
461.2
377.8
24.1
15.0
30.2
136.1
15.0
52.7
24.8
66.6

409.2
16.6
4.5
22.0
1.4
49.2
241.8
215.7
3.9
6.0
3.3
14.6
4.1
18.1
4.4
21.3

403.2
16.6
4.6
21.5
1.5
47.3
239.1
213.1
3.8
5.9
3.3
14.3
4.1
18.1
4.6
21.2

412.2
16.9
4.6
21.9
1.5
49.3
242.3
216.2
3.9
6.2
3.3
14.7
4.1
18.1
4.7
21.3

1,710.7
87.0
26.6
109.8
10.6
308.2
763.9
638.0
19.0
27.4
23.8
101.6
23.3
71.7
27.6
98.3

1,718.3
88.9
27.1
111.8
10.8
312.7
756.9
631.4
20.0
28.7
24.7
101.2
23.8
73.7
27.7
97.4

1,723.1
89.4
27.5
112.4
10.7
312.7
762.1
637.0
20.0
28.7
24.6
101.0
23.6
74.6
27.7
97.2

865.4
19.4
154.4
154.0
58.0

863.4
19.3
155.0
151.2
58.7

864.3
19.4
153.9
150.4
58.4

144.5
3.7
49.2
27.5
17.1

150.1
3.7
49.8
27.7
16.7

151.0
3.7
49.8
27.5
16.5

650.3
18.6
140.1
105.1
81.8

670.7
18.9
145.6
105.6
82.9

672.6
19.1
145.9
106.0
83.2

16.5
2.0
5.1
1.6

16.0
2.1
4.8
1.3

16.4
2.1
4.8
1.8

16.5
2.7
4.6
1.6

16.5
2.7
5.0
1.4

16.9
2.7
5.1
1.5

68.5
9.9
21.2
8.4

69.3
9.9
21.4
8.4

68.9
9.8
21.7
8.5

1,108.3
67.1
43.7
146.3
201.4
102.8
104.7
62.9
50.5

1,101.2
65.8
43.4
144.8
202.4
103.2
102.9
63.3
49.9

1,110.8
65.9
44.0
145.1
204.5
104.3
103.8
63.6
51.4

209.3
13.1
5.7
36.2
41.5
28.5
15.7
14.1
7.7

211.7
13.1
6.1
37.0
41.4
28.9
15.8
14.2
7.7

212.4
13.1
6.1
37.8
41.5
29.1
15.9
14.2
7.8

1,112.3
66.1
39.9
172.5
216.3
169.7
97.7
69.7
48.7

1,141.9
67.5
40.5
177.6
222.5
175.7
101.4
72.8
51.5

1,143.5
67.8
40.4
178.4
222.3
176.9
101.6
73.1
51.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

154.7
1.6
3.4
47.2
47.2

158.7
1.7
3.5
47.8
48.4

159.0
1.7
3.6
47.9
48.7

62.9
2.2
1.2
19.8
23.4

61.3
2.2
1.2
19.2
24.0

61.2
2.2
1.2
19.2
24.0

270.0
6.2
8.6
101.0
70.1

267.3
6.3
8.6
99.4
69.5

266.4
6.3
8.7
100.0
69.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

215.7
20.5
97.8
18.0

221.9
20.8
100.3
19.2

218.6
20.7
99.5
18.1

59.4
4.2
35.1
3.0

60.2
4.4
35.6
3.0

60.3
4.4
35.7
3.1

283.5
26.9
147.9
22.3

299.7
27.2
152.9
22.3

301.9
27.6
153.5
22.7

1,050.3
77.6
11.6
9.7
34.8
53.2
13.2
60.4
374.7
95.9
122.4

1,055.5
76.8
11.4
9.5
34.6
53.2
13.2
59.9
372.1
94.7
125.1

1,055.3
76.6
11.3
9.5
35.2
53.1
13.1
59.4
369.9
94.8
124.9

246.9
14.2
4.6
5.3
3.9
18.0
5.3
7.3
99.4
45.2
44.8

241.9
13.8
4.6
5.1
3.7
17.5
4.7
7.1
96.7
45.3
42.5

246.2
13.9
4.6
5.3
3.7
17.8
5.3
7.4
97.7
44.6
42.1

1,135.9
59.8
13.1
11.2
23.7
67.2
16.5
43.1
497.6
148.4
214.3

1,148.9
61.2
13.5
11.2
24.0
68.1
17.0
46.2
506.8
151.3
219.9

1,151.3
60.9
13.6
11.0
23.9
68.0
16.9
45.8
509.6
153.6
218.9

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque.
Las Cruces...
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy ....
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County

Syracuse
Utica-Rome
VVestchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfieid
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

70




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

27.3
15.0
1.7
2.0

27.8
15.2
1.8
2.0

27.7
15.1
1.7
1.9

123.2
64.4
6.3
14.7

128.7
65.3
6.8
15.7

127.9
65.4
6.8
15.0

138.4
46.0
15.9
21.1

133.0
44.3
14.6
22.0

140.9
47.1
15.8
22.2

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

799.2
22.9
4.0
26.8
1.4
76.2
587.8
554.4
1.9
4.0
4.5
22.0
5.2
19.2
6.8
27.5

807.4
23.7
4.1
27.9
1.4
79.0
582.2
546.9
2.0
4.2
5.0
22.8
5.5
19.8
7.1
29.0

800.9
23.4
4.1
27.7
1.4
78.4
577.9
543.1
2.0
4.0
4.9
22.5
5.3
19.7
7.1
28.6

2,218.9
101.8
21.9
113.7
9.5
288.8
1,249.1
1,104.7
16.2
22.1
25.9
112.6
24.1
73.9
26.9
115.1

2,304.1
108.1
23.2
115.5
10.2
302.0
1,284.7
1,134.0
16.8
23.2
26.9
113.6
25.7
72.1
27.1
119.2

2,306.1
105.7
22.6
117.4
10.1
297.1
1,289.7
1,142.3
17.2
22.6
27.0
115.4
24.4
75.2
27.5
117.7

1,363.1
108.2
20.6
72.0
6.0
171.2
643.5
565.8
12.6
21.7
23.9
56.3
20.2
49.1
28.6
53.8

1,388.8
108.3
18.5
72.3
6.0
166.7
669.5
588.0
12.6
21.1
23.0
59.1
19,4
49.0
29.5
58.4

1,389.4
109.7
20.3
73.2
6.0
172.0
648.1
568.6
12.5
21.4
24.2
62.5
20.3
49.2
29.5
55.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

129.0
2.8
36.7
22.9
23.0

134.5
2.8
37.2
23.8
23.7

133.7
2.7
36.9
23.8
23.5

492.1
17.6
106.3
81.1
95.1

520.5
19.7
113.1
85.4
99.7

520.3
18.4
113.6
84.4
100.6

441.9
11.5
61.5
51.1
86.1

405.1
11.4
58.9
45.4
85.2

444.9
12.3
62.9
52.6
86.5

12.5
1.7
4.5
1.1

12.6
1.6
4.6
1.2

12.5
1.6
4.6
1.2

61.8
10.6
18.1
6.8

64.4
11.0
19.2
6.8

64.7
11.2
19.0
6.9

62.6
8.4
13.5
8.3

60.2
8.3
11.8
8.0

63.0
8.6
13.6
8.5

246.1
10.6
6.5
40.8
55.2
58.0
18.1
11.4
8.2

254.4
10.9
6.5
42.8
57.6
60.2
18.5
11.4
8.5

253.2
10.9
6.4
42.9
57.4
59.9
18.4
11.4
8.4

1,074.7
59.5
35.7
174.6
238.6
157.9
106.5
72.4
45.2

1,110.1
62.4
37.0
182.9
244.2
164.7
108.9
76.5
46.0

1,114.8
61.7
37.1
183.2
246.5
166.5
110.6
76.7
46.5

672.7
42.7
18.2
86.7
115.0
115.4
72.1
40.8
22.5

641.3
37.1
17.7
82.9
113.3
114.1
65.9
36.3
20.8

673.9
42.7
18.4
87.8
113.9
117.7
72.2
41.5
22.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

58.2
1.0
1.7
24.5
17.6

57.1
1.0
1.5
23.8
17.7

56.5
1.0
1.5
23.6
17.4

234.5
5.8
5.9
91.0
70.6

240.0
5.4
5.8
89.7
71.1

243.7
5.6
5.9
91.5
71.4

245.6
3.5
11.2
95.2
34.4

234.2
3.2
10.6
92.4
34.0

247.2
3.4
11.0
96.4
36.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

72.3
4.9
47.5
5.5

75.0
4.9
49.4
5.8

74.6
4.9
49.3
5.8

245.4
24.1
137.9
19.5

256.6
25.5
141.7
19.8

258.7
25.7
143.5
20.2

197.4
20.5
75.8
29.2

191.9
19.5
73.2
28.7

201.6
21.6
77.0
29.3

293.5
11.6
1.7
1.9
5.5
17.2
4.7
6.9
163.8
73.8
54.0

301.6
11.9
1.9
1.8
5.4
18.4
4.8
7.3
165.5
73.1
54.7

299.1
11.7
1.8
1.9
5.4
18.5
4.8
7.2
164.1
72.4
54.5

1,290.1
67.4
10.9
11.3
26.5
63.2
19.4
37.2
611.2
249.9
267.6

1,355.6
70.3
11.6
11.9
27.9
66.0
20.3
38.7
628.3
246.9
274.0

1,356.5
70.5
11.2
12.0
28.0
64.7
20.1
39.3
627.4
250.4
277.1

670.8
28.9
7.7
7.5
12.9
65.7
13.3
14.2
292.6
141.7
100.0

669.5
27.2
7.6
7.8
13.0
65.4
13.1
14.1
298.5
149.5
101.3

679.6
29.1
7.4
7.8
13.8
66.3
12.7
14.9
294.9
143.1
102.6

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

(2)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

148.2
290.8
51.5
172.1.

153.2
298.5
53.0
175.7

155.4
299.1
54.1
177.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

457.2
133.2
321.2

458.1
134.4
323.6

460.6
135.0
325.3

1,410.6
187.0
226.0
309.4

1,432.9
194.1
230.3
313.4

1,453.3
196.3
236.3
320.2

o
0

258.6
35.3
65.8

261.2
36.7
66.6

262.2
35.6
67.6

(')

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,043.7
190.6
160.7
250.6
429.2
473.8

2,052.3
192.2
163.7
252.2
432.5
455.3

2,071.7
192.9
164.6
252.8
434.8
460.2

6.6
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
,
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,517.5
48.7
78.1
353.8
129.0
56.7
66.5
46.2
124.0
1,334.2
187.5
519.6
71.6
1,386.9
69.6
35.3
64.3
92.0
87.4
43.5
42.4
36.0
501.7
37.9
45.5
61.0
27.3
78.1
50.3

6,580.4
49.3
76.9
339.9
128.5
57.9
66.8
46.2
123.8
1,330.8
187.6
514.0
71.7
1,417.0
70.9
36.9
65.4
92.8
86.2
44.3
42.7
35.9
504.3
38.0
44.4
61.2
27.1
76.8
50.5

6,608.5
50.3
77.8
350.4
129.0
58.2
66.7
48.0
126.2
1,335.4
191.1
517.5
71.5
1,421.0
71.2
37.5
65.9
94.1
87.8
44.7
43.2
36.3
512.0
37.8
45.1
61.3
27.6
78.7
51.4

181.9
2.1
1.3
.8
1.5
1.8
.1
.7
4.0
18.5
.1
3.6
.6
62.9
.1
2.0
3.6
.4
.9
9.7
6.1
.4
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.6
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

647.7
76.5
448.7

655.3
78.9
454.9

668.2
83.0
461.4

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

247.3
34.2
74.8

250.5
36.1
78.5

254.5
35.9
79.1

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

72




Sept.
1988P

.4

.5

.5

.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1

20.6
5.2
15.3

21.2
5.3
15.7

21.5
5.4
15.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

87.1
13.7
13.5
21.9

92.6
14.0
14.7
22.6

91.2
14.1
14.9
22.2

2.6
.3

11.9
2.5
3.2

12.4
2.5
3.6

12.1
2.4
3.6

6.5
.9
.3
1.8
.1
.6

6.5
.8
.3
1.8
.1
.6

102.0
8.7
7.0
12.3
20.5
27.4

103.3
9.1
6.9
11.5
20.5
26.5

102.5
9.5
6.7
11.4
20.3
25.5

181.5
2.0
1.2
.7
1.5
1.6
.1
.6
4.1
18.3
.1
3.6
.6
64.4
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.7
5.8
.4
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.4
.1
1.9

179.6
2.0
1.2
.7
1.5
1.6
.1
.7
4.2
18.1
.1
3.6
.5
64.2
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.8
.4
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.4
.1
1.9

346.6
2.0
3.9
16.7
7.3
5.6
2.1
2.1
6.2
61.6
9.9
24.5
3.6
84.7
3.6
1.2
2.8
3.4
3.8
1.3
2.1
1.5
30.2
1.7
2.1
2.2
1.7
3.5
1.7

327.9
2.4
4.0
15.7
8.3
6.7
2.2
2.2
6.5
50.0
9.3
19.5
2.8
87.5
3.6
1.3
3.4
3.6
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.5
26.3
1.8
1.7
2.4
1.8
3.9
2.2

320.9
2.2
3.9
15.4
8.3
6.9
2.1
2.2
6.2
48.4
9.2
19.3
2.9
85.5
3.6
1.2
3.3
3.6
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.5
25.3
1.8
1.7
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.2

8.6

28.3
2.6
20.0

26.3
3.0
18.4

26.3
2.9
18.1

18.1
2.3
4.9

19.1
2.7
5.6

19.3
2.7
5.4

0.6
2

()

()

O
O
0

o
O
2.6
.3

2.6
.3

O

8.2
2.7

0.6
2

()

0

O

8.5

O

.6
.2

o

Aug.
1988

7.2
13.1
2.1
10.3

0.7
2

O

Sept.
1987

o

(')
2.8

2.9

.7
.2

.8
.2
(1)

8.0
14.6
2.2
11.6

7.8
14.2
2.1
11.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

48.7
72.1
16.7
58.9

49.2
71.0
16.7
60.4

49.8
71.5
16.6
60.8

6.8
15.7
1.9
7.6

6.9
15.8
1.9
8.0

7.3
16.1
1.9
8.2

32.9
66.6
11.9
41.4

33.8
67.9
12.8
42.3

34.0
68.4
12.7
41.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

117.0
54.2
73.4

115.4
53.1
71.7

116.1
53.4
72.3

15.8
3.4
12.1

15.7
3.5
12.3

15.9
3.5
12.4

105.3
32.3
70.6

106.8
33.5
72.8

106.8
33.4
72.8

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

378.2
19.5
28.8
101.3

375.6
20.5
30.1
100.9

378.9
20.7
29.9
101.7

59.6
9.9
10.4
11.3

61.5
10.3
10.6
11.9

61.1
10.4
10.6
11.9

319.1
46.6
49.6
71.6

336.3
46.9
50.2
73.8

334.4
47.2
50.6
74.0

29.9
3.2
9.2

30.6
3.2
8.8

30.4
3.2
8.9

12.5
1.9
4.6

12.5
1.9
4.6

12.8
1.8
4.7

68.0
10.1
17.3

70.0
11.2
17.9

69.2
10.2
17.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

499.6
45.5
53.4
49.1
53.4
90.0

500.0
46.6
55.1
51.5
54.3
87.3

499.3
46.5
55.2
51.5
54.0
87.3

105.5
8.5
6.0
10.3
39.4
22.8

107.9
8.5
6.2
10.2
40.3
24.0

108.2
8.6
6.2
10.2
40.4
23.9

480.8
44.5
35.9
65.0
118.5
115.9

487.1
44.7
36.2
65.1
120.7
110.9

485.7
44.4
36.0
65.2
120.4
110.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAlien-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

938.9
4.6
9.9
39.7
24.8
15.4
10.3
3.0
11.4
221.6
38.3
116.6
8.8
147.2
7.9
1.8
15.8
7.2
11.4
2.9
3.7
5.7
46.7
11.0
7.5
10.7
3.0
15.1
8.5

950.9
4.8
9.5
40.0
25.4
15.7
10.5
3.1
11.4
222.3
38.9
119.1
8.4
152.0
8.4
1.7
15.9
7.6
11.2
2.8
3.8
5.5
46.3
11.3
7.2
10.4
3.0
15.0
8.3

951.2
4.8
9.4
40.0
25.1
15.6
10.3
3.1
11.4
222.5
39.2
118.8
8.4
152.4
8.3
1.7
15.8
7.6
11.0
2.8
3.7
5.5
47.0
11.1
7.3
10.3
2.9
14.9
8.3

388.0
2.4
5.8
10.8
9.9
2.3
3.2
1.6
7.0
89.8
10.4
30.3
5.2
98.2
2.7
4.5
3.1
4.7
2.8
2.0
2.1
3.1
18.3
2.0
1.8
2.8
1.4
3.3
2.6

393.7
2.4
5.7
10.6
9.8
2.3
3.3
1.6
6.9
93.0
10.9
31.3
4.4
100.0
2.8
5.0
3.1
5.1
2.7
2.2
2.1
3.0
18.1
2.0
1.9
2.7
1.6
3.3
2.6

394.4
2.4
5.8
10.7
9.8
2.3
3.2
1.6
6.8
93.4
10.9
31.2
4.6
99.5
2.8
5.0
3.1
5.1
2.7
2.2
2.1
3.0
17.8
1.9
1.9
2.7
1.6
3.3
2.6

1,643.3
13.4
22.7
79.6
32.2
11.1
17.7
9.6
31.8
345.6
46.4
137.9
14.3
349.1
16.2
10.2
16.4
27.2
25.3
10.3
12.3
9.3
130.6
8.4
10.5
16.5
7.9
19.0
12.3

1,667.0
13.9
23.3
76.8
31.4
11.1
17.8
9.6
32.5
352.5
47.0
132.7
15.1
359.6
16.6
10.8
17.1
27.6
26.1
10.5
12.9
9.4
135.2
8.4
10.8
16.8
7.7
19.1
12.1

1,664.7
13.8
23.4
77.3
31.2
10.8
17.6
9.7
32.4
351.5
47.6
133.0
14.7
357.6
16.5
10.8
17.1
28.0
26.4
10.4
12.8
9.5
135.6
8.4
10.8
16.8
8.0
19.1
12.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

93.8
10.6
62.4

98.6
13.5
63.8

98.9
13.7
64.1

38.6
2.9
29.3

39.4
3.1
29.8

39.8
3.1
29.9

154.0
16.3
112.1

155.5
16.7
113.1

157.8
17.0
114.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

50.1
4.7
16.6

49.9
4.8
17.1

49.8
4.8
16.9

10.1
.9
3.0

10.7
.8
3.0

11.0
.9
3.0

57.1
7.2
17.2

59.3
7.5
18.4

59.2
7.4
18.1

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

7.4
12.8
2.3
5.1

8.3
13.2
2.4
5.3

8.2
12.9
2.4
5.3

29.6
70.4
9.8
30.7

31.9
75.8
10.8
30.9

31.7
75.0
11.1
31.7

15.6
39.4
6.8
17.7

15.1
39.6
6.2
16.7

16.6
40.4
7.3
17.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

25.7
3.6
21.5

26.4
3.8
22.1

26.7
3.8
22.3

115.5
24.6
84.9

115.8
25.1
85.9

116.4
25.4
86.3

57.1
9.8
43.3

56.7
10.0
43.0

57.0
10.0
43.3

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

64.9
8.4
18.2
11.9

67.8
9.0
19.2
12.1

66.9
8.8
18.9
12.2

247.8
40.1
43.7
53.0

259.3
41.5
45.1
56.4

261.4
41.8
45.2
56.9

252.2
48.7
61.4
38.1

238.2
51.8
60.5
35.4

257.8
53.2
65.8
41.0

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.4
1.7
6.2

14.9
1.7
6.6

14.7
1.7
6.6

62.3
9.0
18.1

64.0
9.9
18.7

63.5
9.4
18.7

57.0
6.6
7.2

54.1
6.1
6.3

56.9
6.6
7.2

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

103.7
12.0
5.3
9.7
24.7
33.6

103.8
11.8
5.6
9.5
25.1
33.2

103.2
11.8
5.6
9.6
25.1
32.9

417.5
37.7
29.2
52.6
100.1
117.2

429.0
37.4
30.9
53.4
101.1
110.7

428.1
37.7
31.3
52.9
101.7
111.9

327.9
32.9
23.6
49.7
72.5
66.3

314.7
33.2
22.5
49.2
70.4
62.2

338.2
33.6
23.3
50.2
72.8
68.0

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

441.3
2.7
4.3
25.0
5.3
2.1
3.5
1.8
6.9
132.7
9.5
28.1
4.1
100.3
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.4
3.8
2.5
1.6
1.8
39.8
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.6
2.3

442.9
2.6
4.3
24.7
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.6
7.0
128.4
9.3
26.8
4.1
98.1
2.9
1.7
2.7
5.5
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
41.0
1.8
1.9
3.6
1.6
4.7
2.4

441.1
2.6
4.3
24.6
5.3
1.9
3.5
1.6
7.0
127.4
9.1
26.7
4.1
98.1
2.9
1.6
2.7
5.4
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.5
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.7
2.4

1,441.3
13.2
16.3
84.8
28.0
7.7
13.8
8.3
28.8
316.2
35.0
112.3
14.0
360.3
15.1
5.8
11.6
21.8
14.4
8.6
7.0
7.8
119.9
8.7
9.3
14.5
5.7
20.2
11.5

1,500.9
12.7
16.7
83.1
28.0
8.1
15.1
8.5
29.1
321.9
36.4
116.9
15.2
375.2
15.6
6.1
11.5
22.8
14.0
8.8
7.4
8.0
126.1
8.5
9.6
14.8
5.6
19.7
11.5

1,504.1
13.4
16.8
83.6
27.7
8.2
14.1
8.7
29.7
323.2
36.8
116.6
14.8
375.3
15.8
6.1
11.9
22.8
14.1
8.8
7.3
7.9
126.7
8.7
9.5
14.8
5.9
20.5
11.6

1,136.2
8.3
13.9
96.4
20.0
10.7
15.9
19.1
27.9
148.2
38.0
66.3
21.0
184.2
21.0
8.2
8.3
21.9
25.0
6.2
7.5
6.4
113.7
4.3
12.3
8.8
4.5
12.3
9.5

1,115.6
8.5
12.2
88.3
18.8
10.4
14.4
19.0
26.3
144.4
35.7
64.1
21.1
180.2
20.9
8.4
8.1
20.2
23.4
6.6
6.9
6.3
108.8
4.1
11.2
8.7
4.4
11.0
9.5

1,152.5
9.1
13.0
98.1
20.1
10.9
15.9
20.4
28.5
150.9
38.2
68.3
21.5
188.4
21.2
9.2
8.4
21.2
24.8
7.2
7.7
6.7
116.6
4.1
11.9
8.9
4.6
12.2
10.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

34.2
2.4
28.1

34.0
2.3
28.1

33.8
2.3
28.3

151.1
28.2
102.8

158.8
27.0
110.5

161.6
30.2
110.7

139.6
13.4
91.3

134.2
13.3
88.4

141.4
13.8
92.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.1
3.0
3.6

12.7
3.0
3.8

12.5
2.9
3.8

59.3
7.5
18.4

62.5
8.7
20.7

62.7
8.2
20.3

39.9
8.4
11.1

35.6
8.4
9.9

39.2
8.8
11.6

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

74




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,704.8
31.2
65.4
40.9
72.8
557.5
712.2
439.6
120.3

2,806.5
32.4
65.5
40.7
71.7
576.7
757.5
455.5
118.8

2,820.7
33.6
68.0
42.2
72.7
575.4
753.0
458.5
119.4

15.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.2

15.2

Washington
Seattle

1,878.0
943.1

1,938.0
989.1

1,959.8
993.2

601.7
106.7
103.1
59.5
58.5

611.5
108.1
104.0
60.5
59.4

607.6
107.1
104.8
60.1
58.8

2,116.2
147.0
54.6
95.3
54.3
43.4
51.9
200.6
702.3
70.1
46.2

2,164.8
152.3
56.8
99.3
56.1
38.5
53.4
203.7
718.3
72.0
48.2

2,185.4
153.9
59.1
99.8
57.7
41.7
54.6
208.2
722.1
72.4
48.5

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

.5
.6
.2

14.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2

187.0
1.0
3.8
1.8
3.6
40.6
54.1
29.7
7.9

207.0
1.0
4.0
2.1
3.7
41.6
61.4
32.1
8.1

203.6
1.0
3.9
2.1
3.6
41.0
59.8
32.0
8.0

3.1
.6

3.4
.7

3.5
.7

95.1
49.5

108.6
55.9

108.8
56.3

36.3
2.2
1.4
.6
2.2

34.5
2.0
1.4
.6
2.4

34.3
2.0
1.4
.6
2.4

25.0
4.5
4.5
2.9
2.2

26.9
4.6
4.8
3.2
2.4

27.2
4.7
4.8
3.1
2.4

2.5

72.8
7.0
1.6
3.1
1.2
1.2
1.5
7.7
22.5
2.1
1.7

77.4
7.0
1.7
3.5
1.4
.9
1.9
7.5
23.0
2.0
1.6

77.4
7.0
1.6
3.5
1.4
1.0
1.9
7.2
23.1
2.0
1.7

2.4

2.5
(1)
(')

01
(1)
()
O
0

O
O
V)
O
V)

O
O
(')
O

o1
()
o
('0)

o
V)

o
o
0

V)

n
o

1

()

Wyoming

183.6

181.0

181.7

18.1

18.0

18.2

11.1

9.7

9.6

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

766.2
49.8
55.0
49.7
465.3

787.1
49.6
55.3
50.0
483.8

796.0
50.4
55.1
50.7
489.2

.7

.8

.8

34.8

39.3

39.2

o
o

38.3

40.0

38.9

o

Virgin Islands

(')
(')
.2
.4

(')
(')
.2
.4

0

(')
(')
.2
.4

0

3.0
25.8
1.7

O
O

O
O

3.8
28.9

3.7
28.8

1.8

1.8

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and reta I trade

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

432.6
10.2
8.8
17.4
23.8
68.2
35.6
62.8
19.7

428.0
10.9
8.5
17.0
22.9
70.0
35.4
62.6
18.6

429.0
11.5
8.5
17.7
23.0
69.4
34.8
62.7
19.5

144.0
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.8
26.1
50.1
23.2
8.8

149.0
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.8
26.3
55.3
23.8
8.7

150.0
1.1
2.4
1.1
2.7
26.3
55.8
24.0
8.6

616.2
8.0
13.2
8.6
14.7
136.9
160.2
103.8
32.6

649.1
8.4
14.2
9.3
15.3
141.2
170.7
111.4
32.3

647.8
8.4
14.4
9.4
15.1
141.0
168.4
112.3
31.8

Washington
Seattle

327.8
186.4

336.3
197.6

340.7
198.3

101.3
60.4

106.1
60.7

106.8
60.8

465.2
231.7

484.0
242.1

485.6
241.3

86.4
11.0
19.4
14.0
7.0

87.7
11.0
19.6
14.5
7.1

87.6
11.0
19.8
14.3
7.1

36.7
8.5
7.8
2.1
3.3

37.4
8.5
7.7
2.2
3.3

37.2
8.5
7.8
2.2
3.3

141.4
28.0
26.5
14.4
16.1

145.6
28.7
27.1
14.7
16.0

144.9
28.7
27.1
14.7
15.9

542.3
51.6
10.1
25.5
17.5
15.5
11.1
23.0
170.3
24.2
13.1

562.5
54.9
11.0
26.8
18.1
12.1
11.4
24.3
175.9
24.9
14.4

558.5
54.0
10.9
26.2
18.2
14.5
11.3
23.8
175.6
25.0
13.9

96.3
5.4
3.6
6.3
2.2
1.4
2.6
7.2
35.3
2.3
2.7

95.7
5.3
3.6
6.2
2.0
1.2
2.6
7.3
34.3
2.2
2.7

100.6
5.5
3.8
6.4
2.2
1.3
2.6
7.5
35.9
2.3
2.9

507.8
31.8
16.1
25.3
13.7
9.2
14.4
45.6
162.7
16.8
11.4

526.9
33.3
16.5
26.2
14.0
9.5
14.7
46.0
170.0
17.6
11.7

524.5
34.1
16.9
26.0
14.0
9.6
14.8
47.5
168.9
17.6
11.8

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

•..

•

Wyoming...:

8.4

8.3

8.5

12.8

12.6

12.6

41.2

41.0

40.2

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

153.4
15.9
20.2
9.5
65.5

152.2
14.9
19.6
8.6
65.8

152.7
15.2
18.4
8.8
66.6

16.5

15.3

15.2
(')
12.3

133.9
9.2
7.5
7.6
93.4

138.6
9.8
7.6
8.1
98.1

139.3
9.8
7.8
8.0
98.5

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.5

8.8

8.9

8.9

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

76




0
(')
O

14.4
2.6

O
(')
O

12.5
2.5

O
O

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ...
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

146.2
1.2
3.6

152.2
1.4
3.6

1.2
3.8
27.2

1.2

1.2

4.1

8.2

49.8
37.2
8.6

4.1
28.3
49.4
37.0

Washington
Seattle

107.8
68.0

Sept.
1987

639.5
4.8
11.8
5.8
14.3

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

8.5

692.2
5.1
11.7
5.6
14.4
142.5
244.2
99.1
27.8

523.8
4.8

94.6
27.7

690.4
4.9
12.3
5.6
13.7
144.6
244.7
98.3
27.7

110.1
69.6

109.5
69.4

429.0
222.5

449.3
237.2

454.1
237.7

24.3
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.7

24.5
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.7

24.2
5.9
3.9
2.3
2.7

126.7
25.8
20.5
13.7
15.7

126.5
25.6
22.0
13.4
15.8

113.1
7.1
1.9
3.5
1.6
1.3
1.5
17.7
49.1
2.3
3.4

115.8
7.6
2.0
3.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.8
49.5
2.3
3.6

115.2
7.6
2.0
3.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.4
49.6
2.3
3.5

462.8
28.1
12.0
21.1
11.6
8.3

477.0
28.5
12.4
22.7
12.4
8.4
14.5
44.7
187.4
15.0
8.7

7.4

7.2

7.1

34.1

36.0

33.8

50.5

48.2

51.7

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce

35.0

36.2

35.9

110.7
O
(')

113.0

281.2
15.3
18.2
16.6

San Juan

28.5

159.4

291.6
15.2
18.6
17.0
167.4

299.5
15.6
19.2
17.4
172.0

12.6

14.1

12.9

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
,
Wausau
Wyoming

Virgin Islands
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




46.9
36.2

28.7

150.6

1.4
3.6

1.6

14.0
43.0

182.4
14.3

8.1

88.7
15.3

9.1
124.2
139.7
89.5

532.6
5.0
23.4
5.0
9.7
126.8
140.1

90.8

14.6

15.0

348.7
124.0

340.2
125.3

350.8
128.7

126.3
25.5
22.0
13.3
15.7

124.9
20.7

128.4

125.9

21.7
17.5
9.6
9.7

20.8

473.7
28.7
12.5
23.1
12.4
8.2

318.8
15.6
9.4
10.6
6.3
6.5
6.9
56.3
79.6
8.1
5.9

307.0
15.4
9.6

54.9
77.9

333.0
16.6
11.4
10.9
7.7
5.7
8.0
58.8
82.4

7.9
5.5

8.4
6.2

14.5
44.8
186.3
14.7
8.5

28.9

9.7
78.2

9.1
81.4

113.4
O
(')
9.4
81.6

1.8

8.9

8.6

8.7

0
29.3

133.4
225.8

21.7
5.0
9.8
125.0
139.1

515.6
4.6
20.5
4.4

19.1
9.5
9.3

10.1
6.4
5.0
6.8

18.0
9.6
9.3

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987 benchmarks except
Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981 .
1982
1983
1984
1985 .
1986
1987

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.52

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
530.85

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.69

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
479.68

Annual averages

Monthly data , not seasonally adjusted
1987:
October
November
December
1988:
January
February
March. .
April
May
June
July
August
September"
October"

34.9
34.8
34.8

$9.08
9.13
9.13

$316.89
317.72
317.72

42.9
42.6
43.1

$12.42
12.54
12.60

$532.82
534.20
543.06

38.8
37.1
37.6

$12.82
12.83
12.81

$497.42
475.99
481.66

34.4
34.5
34.4
34.7
34.6
34.9
35.1
35.0
34.8
34.9

9.18
9.17
9.18
9.23
9.26
9.23
9.25
9.24
9.40
9.45

315.79
316.37
315.79
320.28
320.40
322.13
324.68
323.40
327.12
329.81

42.1
41.8
41.9
42.8
42.2
42.5
42.3
42.0
42.1
42.6

12.77
12.71
12.59
12.60
12.54
12.55
12.66
12.62
12.76
12.66

537.62
531.28
527.52
539.28
529.19
533.38
535.52
530.04
537.20
539.32

35.9
36.1
37.4
37.9
38.2
38.7
38.5
38.6
38.4
38.9

12.99
12.82
12.87
12.88
12.87
12.85
12.91
12.95
13.12
13.12

466.34
462.80
481.34
488.15
491.63
497.30
497.04
499.87
503.81
510.37

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

Weekly
hours

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.59

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.38

Hourly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
October
November..
December..
1988:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September"
October" ....

41.3
41.4
41.8

$9.95
10.01
10.07

$9.48
9.54
9.59

$410.94
414.41
420.93

39.4
39.3
39.2

$12.12
12.21
12.24

$477.53
479.85
479.81

38.3
38.2
38.2

$9.65
9.72
9.73

$369.60
371.30
371.69

41.0
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.2
40.7
40.8
41.3
41.2

10.07
10.05
10.07
10.12
10.14
10.16
10.16
10.12
10.25
10.25

9.62
9.63
9.64
9.68
9.70
9.70
9.72
9.66
9.75
9.76

412.87
409.04
411.86
414.92
414.73
418.59
413.51
412.90
423.33
422.30

39.0
38.9
38.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.4
39.6

12.16
12.23
12.19
12.27
12.28
12.27
12.33
12.35
12.36
12.42

474.24
475.75
470.53
480.98
481.38
484.67
490.73
490.30
486.98
491.83

37.9
37.9
37.9
38.2
38.0
38.1
38.3
38.0
38.1
38.2

9.78
9.78
9.78
9.88
9.87
9.85
9.93
9.88
10.00
10.10

370.66
370.66
370.66
377.42
375.06
375.29
380.32
375.44
381.00
385.82

See footnotes at end of table.

80




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.48

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.60

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.11

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.41

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

114.60

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
October
November..
December..
1988:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*5
October" ....

29.1
29.0
29.3

$6.16
6.18
6.19

$179.26
179.22
181.37

36.2
36.3
36.0

$8.76
8.89
8.81

$317.11
322.71
317.16

32.5
32.5
32.4

$8.61
8.71
8.73

$279.83
283.08
282.85

28.3
28.5
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.4
30.0
29.8
29.0
29.0

6.24
6.23
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.37
6.39

176.59
177.56
178.46
180.91
181.49
184.04
188.40
186.55
184.73
185.31

36.2
36.4
35.8
36.2
35.8
35.8
36.2
35.7
35.8
36.0

8.96
9.02
8.97
9.03
9.09
8.98
9.03
9.04
9.13
9.27

324.35
328.33
321.13
326.89
325.42
321.48
326.89
322.73
326.85
333.72

32.4
32.6
32.3
32.6
32.4
32.7
33.0
32.8
32.5
32.6

8.81
8.81
8.80
8.82
8.84
8.78
8.79
8.79
8.98
9.09

285.44
287.21
284.24
287.53
286.42
287.11
290.07
288.31
291.85
296.33

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, ail unadjusted data
from April 1987 forward are subject to revision.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1988P

34.7

34.9

35.0

34.8

34.9

42.3

42.9

42.0

42.1

42.6

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

41.8
41.4
43.4

42.1
41.6
43.0

40.9
41.5
41.4

42.2
42.0
43.5

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

41.9
42.0

42.8
42.8

42.5
42.6

43.1
43.1

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
Oil and gas field services
138

41.5
41.1
41.8

41.8
40.6
42.5

40.5
40.1
40.7

40.4
41.4
39.8

45.4
46.5

46.9
48.9

46.6
48.4

46.0
47.6

36.5

38.8

38.6

38.4

15
152
153
154

36.1
35.8
37.5
36.4

38.0
37.1
38.1
39.0

37.9
37.0
38.7
38.9

37.7
36.8
38.7
38.9

16
161
162

39.2
39.9
38.8

43.5
44.6
42.8

43.1
45.1
41.9

42.6
44.3
41.5

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

35.8
37.0
35.4
37.3
33.8
34.6
33.2

37.8
38.4
37.0
39.1
35.8
36.2
35.8

37.7
39.1
36.5
38.6
35.7
35.4
35.4

37.5
38.7
36.9
38.7
35.2
35.0
34.9

40.8

41.3

40.8

41.3

41.2

3.9

4.0

3.9

4.2

4.1

41.1

41.8

41.3

42.0

42.0

3.9

4.1

4.0

4.3

4.3

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

Construction
General building contractors
~
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
HeaVy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

38.9

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

39.9
36.9
41.4
41.6
41.2
40.4
40.6
39.5
40.5
41.5
38.0
38.2
38.0
40.1

40.6
38.4
41.8
42.0
41.2
40.8
40.7
40.5
41.5
41.3
39.0
39.4
39.0
40.8

40.3
39.0
41.2
41.4
40.4
40.5
41.0
40.1
40.5
40.4
38.7
40.2
40.2
39.7

40.2
37.1
41.4
41.7
40.2
40.4
40.2
39.3
40.5
42.9
38.9
40.2
39.7
40.4

40.6

3.7
3.8
4.4
4.6
3.6
3.6
3.1
3.1
3.4
4.9
2.5
2.5
2.4
3.4

3.9
4.2
4.6
4.8
3.6
3.5
2.9
3.3
4.0
4.5
3.1
3.1
2.7
3.6

3.9
4.3
4.4
4.6
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.0

3.7
4.0
4.2
4.4
3.3
3.6
3.0
3.3
3.3
4.9
3.3
3.6
3.4
3.2

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.0
39.7
39.8
39.2
39.7
39.8
40.8
39.6
40.4
40.4

40.8
40.5
41.3
39.5
41.2
38.8
41.5
41.1
41.4
40.4

39.3
38.9
39.1
37.7
39.2
40.7
39.8
41.1
40.0
40.0

40.0
39.4
39.5
38.5
40.3
41.0
41.5
40.9
41.2
39.8

40.2

3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
4.0
4.5
3.0
3.2
4.1
3.4

3.3
3.1
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.9
3.2
4.3
4.2
3.0

2.7
2.3
2.6
1.6
2.4
3.8
2.5
4.1
3.7
3.2

3.2
2.8
2.8
2.2
3.0
4.5
3.3
4.6
4.5
3.1

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.5
48.3
41.2

43.0
45.4
41.1

42.5
45.7
41.3

42.9
46.9
42.0

42.9

5.1
8.5
5.3

5.7
6.8
4.8

5.3
7.5
4.5

5.5
9.2
4.7

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.

82




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

$9.05

$9.08

$9.24

$9.40

$9.45 $314.04 $316.89 $323.40 $327. Yc $329.81

12.50

12.4;

12.62

12.76

12.66 528.75

532.82

530.04

537.20

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

10
101
102

13.1
14.39
11.82

12.90
13.71
11.38

13.27
14.53
11.53

13.24
13.64
11.75

548.42
595.75
512.99

543.09
570.34
489.34

542.74
603.00
477.34

558.73
572.88
511.13

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

11,12
12

15.77
15.8:

15.79
15.84

15.94
15.99

16.06
16.11

660.76
664.44

675.81
677.95

677.45
681.17

692.19
694.34

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

13
131,2
138

11.44
14.01
9.96

11.3;
14.00
9.88

11.60
14.28
10.15

11.73
14.50
10.17

474.76
575.81
416.33

473.18
568.40
419.90

469.80
572.63
413.11

473.89
600.30
404.77

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

10.73
10.09

10.73
10.2;

11.0:
10.47

11.09
10.51

487.14
469.19

503.24
499.76

513.53
506.75

510.14
500.28

12.79

12.82

12.95

13.1;

13.12 466.84

497.42

499.87

503.81

Construction .

Oct.
1988P

539.32

510.37

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

11.85
11.11
10.58
12.74

11.89
11.1
10.77
12.79

12.11
11.41
11.22
12.95

12.28
11.62
11.33
13.07

427.79
397.74
396.75
463.74

451.82
412.55
410.34
498.81

458.97
422.17
434.21
503.76

462.96
427.62
438.47
508.42

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

12.16
12.19
12.14

12.26
12.2;
12.29

12.55
12.65
12.49

12.70
12.84
12.62

476.67
486.38
471.03

533.31
545.01
526.01

540.91
570.52
523.33

541.02
568.81
523.73

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ..
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

13.39
13.56
12.87
14.81
13.57
12.70
11.76

13.40
13.63
12.68
14.72
13.51
12.84
11.86

13.42
13.71
12.70
14.68
13.62
12.74
12.02

13.59
13.84
12.85
14.75
13.84
13.04
12.09

479.36
501.72
455.60
552.41
458.67
439.42
390.43

506.52
523.39
469.16
575.55
483.66
464.81
424.59

505.93
536.06
463.55
566.65
486.23
451.00
425.51

509.63
535.61
474.17
570.83
487.17
456.40
421.94

9.99

9.95

10.12

10.25

10.25

407.59

410.94

412.90

423.33

422.30

10.49

10.48

10.64

10.78

10.79 431.14

438.06

439.43

452.76

453.18

Manufacturing
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members.
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.46
10.75
8.63
8.99
6.87
8.40
8.70
7.66
6.88
9.92
6.25
7.89
7.97
7.37

8.42
10.67
8.58
8.93
6.84
8.36
8.69
7.69
6.89
9.78
6.23
8.04
8.10
7.27

8.58
10.80
8.66
8.97
7.04
8.57
8.80
7.96
7.02
10.12
6.37
8.09
8.17
7.44

8.67
10.96
8.80
9.13
7.14
8.69
8.94
8.06
7.00
10.19
6.47
8.18
8.27
7.49

8.73

337.55
396.68
357.28
373.98
283.04
339.36
353.22
302.57
278.64
411.68
237.50
301.40
302.86
295.54

341.85
409.73
358.64
375.06
281.81
341.09
353.68
311.45
285.94
403.91
242.97
316.78
315.90
296.62

345.77
421.20
356.79
371.36
284.42
347.09
360.80
319.20
284.31
408.85
246.52
325.22
328.43
295.37

348.53
406.62
364.32
380.72
287.03
351.08
359.39
316.76
283.50
437.15
251.68
328.84
328.32
302.60

354.44

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

7.74
7.15
6.57
7.85
7.45
7.75
8.67
8.07
9.21
8.21

7.71
7.13
6.62
7.82
7.16
7.67
8.72
8.03
9.17
8.09

8.00
7.36
6.90
7.94
7.62
7.79
9.15
8.37
9.48
8.36

8.07
7.43
6.93
8.08
7.51
7.92
9.12
8.55
9.58
8.37

8.05

309.60
283.86
261.49
307.72
295.77
308.45
353.74
319.57
372.08
331.68

314.57
288.77
273.41
308.89
294.99
297.60
361.88
330.03
379.64
326.84

314.40
286.30
269.79
299.34
298.70
317.05
364.17
344.01
379.20
334.40

322.80
292.74
273.74
311.08
302.65
324.72
378.48
349.70
394.70
333.13

323.61

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .

32
321
322

10.37
14.87
11.66

10.27
14.65
11.34

10.46
14.60
11.72

10.54
15.31
11.64

10.57 440.73

441.61
665.11
466.07

444.55
667.22
484.04

452.17
718.04
488.88

453.45

718.22
480.39

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Average overtim e hours
Oct.
1988P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
,

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

40.7
41.9
41.5
43.2
42.2
39.7
43.7
44.4
42.9
43.0
42.3
41.6
42.4

40.9
41.4
42.3
42.4
42.4
40.3
44.9
46.7
44.1
44.5
42.3
42.1
42.5

41.2
41.3
41.2
42.5
42.2
40.3
44.1
45.8
43.2
43.8
41.9
42.7
41.2

41.6
42.5
42.6
42.0
42.0
40.7
44.0
46.5
43.0
43.6
42.6
43.5
42.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
,
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

43.2
44.7
45.3
41.7
41.7
42.1
38.8
41.9
44.8
45.7
43.2
42.7
43.9
43.4
40.9
41.3

43.4
43.5
43.6
42.6
43.5
43.4
42.3
43.2
44.0
45.1
43.5
43.7
45.6
42.8
42.3
43.0

43.1
43.6
44.0
41.9
43.2
43.5
41.3
42.3
43.6
44.3
43.3
43.2
45.3
42.6
41.0
41.4

44.0
44.7
45.3
42.5
44.0
44.2
42.2
43.6
43.7
43.8
44.2
44.1
45.8
43.6
42.0
42.3

43.9
44.4

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

41.0
43.8
44.2
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.8
41.5
39.9
40.6
42.0
39.7
41.7
39.5
40.3
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.3
41.5
42.6
39.8
40.3
39.9
41.1
41.3
40.1
41.2
41.4
40.5

42.0
43.9
43.9
41.7
42.1
41.2
42.3
42.2
42.1
41.3
42.3
40.0
42.5
40.6
40.9
43.1
41.9
44.4
42.8
42.4
44.4
41.2
41.4
41.2
41.7
41.3
40.1
42.1
43.1
40.3

41.5
45.6
46.1
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.2
40.5
41.6
41.2
42.5
40.5
42.3
39.9
40.7
42.6
41.2
44.2
41.8
42.4
42.9
40.7
40.3
40.2
40.4
41.5
40.7
41.2
41.9
40.2

42.0
44.9
45.6
41.3
41.1
40.9
41.3
40.7
41.5
41.3
42.1
39.9
43.0
40.1
41.5
43.3
42.0
44.9
43.2
43.2
45.0
41.3
41.0
40.6
41.6
41.9
41.4
41.9
42.5
40.6

41.9

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

41.7
42.8
39.3
43.8
41.5
42.0

42.5
43.7
41.1
44.5
42.0
42.8

42.0
42.7
42.8
42.7
41.3
42.4

42.7
44.2
43.2
44.5
41.6
42.1

42.6

See footnotes at end of table.

84




-

-

_
_
_

Sept.

Oct.

1987

1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

6.4
4.0
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.6
6.0
6.7
5.7
5.5
4.9
3.2
5.4

5.6
3.8
4.1
3.6
4.7
3.6
7.6
8.4
7.0
7.5
5.1
3.9
5.4

5.3
3.6
3.1
3.8
4.6
3.0
7.1
7.4
6.4
7.4
4.5
3.5
4.1

5.2
4.2
3.9
3.3
4.5
3.7
6.9
7.5
6.2
7.1
5.0
4.2
3.5

5.5
5.8
5.9
5.1
5.0
5.6
3.4
3.9
5.4
6.0
6.4
6.9
8.5
6.0
3.7
4.0

5.3
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.8
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.8
5.9
6.1
7.9
5.4
4.1
4.5

5.6
6.0
6.3
5.3
5.7
6.2
4.3
4.8
4.9
5.1
6.2
7.0
7.9
5.4
3.7
3.9

6.0
6.4
6.7
5.3
6.0
6.5
4.1
5.9
4.9
4.9
6.6
6.6
8.5
6.0
4.2
4.4

3.9
5.8
5.8
3.2
3.0
3.4
3.7
3.3
3.7
3.7
4.5
3.2
4.2
3.2
3.2
4.2
3.6
5.0
4.3
4.3
5.0
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.5
2.6
3.8
4.1
2.9

4.3
5.9
5.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.0
4.2
3.9
4.3
3.0
4.2
3.7
3.6
5.2
4.3
6.3
4.9
4.5
5.7
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.3
2.5
4.3
4.7
3.8

4.0
6.5
6.7
3.1
2.7
3.2
4.2
3.4
4.8
4.0
5.4
3.2
4.6
3.2
3.8
5.1
4.2
6.2
4.3
4.8
4.7
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.7
4.0
3.4

4.4
6.5
6.7
3.6
3.2
3.7
4.0
2.7
4.8
4.1
5.1
3.1
4.8
3.3
5.1
5.8
4.9
6.8
5.4
4.9
6.6
4.3
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.6
3.1
4.0
4.1
4.0

3.9
5.1
4.2
5.4
3.2
3.9

4.3
5.8
5.3
6.0
3.7
4.6

4.1
4.7
5.3
4.5
3.8
4.6

4.6
5.0
6.4
4.6
3.9
4.7

Oct.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336

3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

$12.15 $11.7: $12.21 $12.11
11.13
11.17
10.89
11.10
9.09
8.95
8.74
8.81
13.36
13.17
13.40
13.74
8.90
8.59
8.95
8.61
9.31
8.94
9.36
9.08
10.24
10.1
10.34
10.06
9.40
8.90
9.06
9.33
9.21
9.03
9.0;
9.31
10.81
10.95 11.0;
11.1
10.56 10.63
10.47
10.40
9.92
10.17
9.77
9.81
10.84
10.76
10.40
10.27

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

$494.51
465.09
365.62
593.57
363.34
360.48
439.62
395.16
386.96
465.26
442.88
408.10
435.45

$479.76
450.85
369.70
568.16
364.22
360.28
454.39
423.10
398.22
487.28
439.92
411.32
442.00

$503.05
461.32
368.74
559.73
375.58
375.19
451.58
430.52
397.87
482.68
442.46
423.58
446.61

$503.78
473.03
387.23
561.12
375.90
380.95
454.96
433.85
400.33
486.14
452.84
442.40
459.45

Oct.
1988P

12.19
14.12
14.88
10.91
10.75
11.19
11.61
10.05
13.29
13.75
11.66
10.78
14.44
11.76
9.47
9.72

12.00
13.88
14.60
10.97
10.81
11.26
11.83
10.06
12.99
13.2!
11.46
10.6!
14.06
11.54
9.47
9.68

12.11
13.96
14.71
10.77
10.84
11.40
11.56
10.04
13.26
13.51
11.64
10.90
14.07
11.80
9.47
9.62

12.26 $12.18 526.61
14.09 13.99 631.16
674.06
14.85
454.95
10.86
448.28
11.05
471.10
11.61
450.47
11.68
421.10
10.29
595.39
13.39
628.38
13.72
503.71
11.83
460.31
10.97
633.92
14.17
510.38
12.07
387.32
9.70
401.44
9.94

520.80
603.78
636.56
467.32
470.24
488.68
500.41
434.59
571.56
597.58
498.51
465.41
641.14
493.91
400.58
416.24

521.94
608.66
647.24
451.26
468.29
495.90
477.43
424.69
578.14
598.49
504.01
470.88
637.37
502.68
388.27
398.27

539.44
629.82
672.71
461.55
486.20
513.16
492.90
448.64
585.14
600.94
522.89
483.78
648.99
526.25
407.40
420.46

$534.70
621.16

10.00
13.33

10.06

10.20
13.37
14.17

10.30
13.58
14.39

10.03

10.23
9.35

8.90

9.01
9.14
9.55
10.29
8.04
10.21
9.93
8.84

10.40
8.49

12.23
12.91
14.32
9.55
8.27
8.24
8.34
11.40
10.93
9.60
10.37
8.65

422.52
580.36
615.48
417.42
391.11
426.83
395.08
375.58
390.69
385.33
419.62
308.00
440.30
393.41
357.06
426.26
386.32
471.97
511.03
532.12
619.82
385.22
332.86
328.78
339.44
460.50
434.28
395.74
437.03
343.36

423.30
609.67
653.24
408.22
369.95
424.91
382.34
364.91
380.22
393.46
437.33
325.62
431.88
396.21
359.79
424.30
381.92
475.15
504.11
548.66
609.61
385.02
332.48
330.04
336.53
471.44
448.11
393.87
435.76
341.30

432.60
609.74
656.18
422.50
384.29
435.59
386.57
366.30
382.63
398.55
436.58
323.99
442.90
397.39
380.14
432.13
395.64
477.29
528.34
557.71
644.40
394.42
339.07
334.54
346.94
477.66
452.50
402.24
440.73
351.19

432.83

10.01
9.29
10.36
9.34

410.00
583.85
622.78
395.97
370.12
407.23
376.58
362.30
369.47
378.39
415.80
304.90
432.01
382.76
361.89
404.48
373.51
440.37
485.28
531.20
577.23
369.34
322.40
318.40
330.44
453.06
417.84
386.46
418.55
340.61

10.93
13.65
13.88
13.58
10.21
10.70

11.04
13.73
14.06
13.63
10.27
10.91

11.05 447.86
573.09
521.90
587.80
414.17
446.88

458.58
588.64
561.02
597.19
425.46
462.24

459.06
582.86
594.06
579.87
421.67
453.68

471.41
606.87
607.39
606.54
427.23
459.31

470.73

14.09
9.85
9.23
10.13

9.23
8.73
9.26

9.32
9.90
7.68
10.36
9.69

8.98
9.77
9.11
10.51
11.75
12.80
13.55
9.28
8.00
7.98
8.04
10.97
10.42

9.38

13.22
14.02

9.28
9.33
9.92
7.70
10.36

9.69
8.73
9.89
9.22
10.63
11.94
12.55
13.96
9.35
8.04
7.98
8.14
11.15
10.83

8.41

9.40
10.14
8.52

10.74
13.39
13.28
13.42
9.98
10.64

10.79
13.47
13.65
13.42
10.13
10.80

10.11

9.18
10.44
9.28

9.96
9.27
10.75

12.06
12.94

14.21
9.46
8.25

8.21
8.33

11.36
11.01
9.56

10.65
9.36
9.00
9.22
9.65
10.37
8.12

10.30
9.91
9.16
9.98
9.42
10.63

10.33

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

86




1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585

359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369

3691
3694

Average weekly hours

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

42.7
43.7
42.7
43.4
42.0
40.5
41.7
40.9
43.1
42.2
41.0
40.5
41.3
41.0
42.8
39.4
41.6
42.4
42.3
41.8
41.2
41.1
41.0
42.6
42.5
40.9
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.1

43.1
44.1
42.6
43.6
42.3
41.3
42.8
42.0
43.9
43.5
41.9
41.0
42.1
42.1
42.4
39.7
42.4
43.8
43.4
41.7
41.1
42.3
41.5
42.7
42.6
41.9
42.2
42.0
41.9
42.0

42.7
43.4
41.6
42.5
43.2
41.3
42.8
42.6
43.7
43.7
41.1
42.1
41.5
41.9
41.6
38.5
42.2
42.5
43.1
42.7
41.4
42.9
40.1
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.6
41.5
42.6
41.4

43.3
44.6
42.6
41.3
43.4
41.9
43.8
43.4
45.3
44.6
42.0
43.1
42.4
42.4
42.8
39.3
43.3
43.6
44.4
42.7
41.9
43.1
42.2
41.9
42.0
41.6
41.9
42.1
42.1
42.1

40.4
40.8
41.8
39.9
40.6
40.0
40.8
39.6
39.8
39.7
40.3
39.5
39.2
39.3
40.1
38.2
39.7
39.2
41.2
42.4
40.8
40.4
41.1
40.2
40.8
40.9
40.5
41.8

41.0
41.5
42.1
41.1
41.7
41.3
41.1
40.1
39.9
40.0
41.8
40.3
40.1
39.8
41.1
39.7
40.9
40.3
41.0
42.2
40.6
40.7
41.1
40.4
41.0
43.0
44.4
43.7

40.6
42.0
42.1
42.0
41.6
41.5
40.5
39.3
40.2
38.3
40.7
39.6
39.7
38.2
41.0
38.1
40.5
40.2
40.7
42.2
40.2
40.2
42.0
40.1
40.4
41.7
42.3
41.6

41.1
42.3
42.5
42.1
42.1
41.9
41.3
40.5
40.9
40.7
41.6
40.2
40.6
39.4
40.9
39.2
41.5
41.4
40.8
41.4
40.6
40.4
42.1
40.2
40.7
43.1
43.7
43.7

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1988 P

40.9

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

4.1
3.8
4.4
6.2
3.8
3.1
4.2
3.6
5.6
4.7
3.7
2.8
4.1
3.5
3.5
4.9
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.4
3.4
4.0
4.6
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.3
3.7

4.3
3.9
4.6
6.1
4.0
3.5
4.9
4.1
6.0
5.7
4.3
2.6
4.4
3.9
3.6
4.9
4.3
4.6
5.1
4.6
3.4
4.6
4.2
3.6
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.3

3.9
3.5
3.9
5.2
4.7
3.2
5.0
4.4
5.3
5.8
3.8
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
5.7
4.4
3.3
5.4
4.5
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
4.4
4.9
4.3

4.2
4.0
4.6
4.2
5.1
3.5
5.6
5.1
7.0
6.3
4.5
4.4
5.3
4.4
4.1
5.5
5.1
4.5
6.3
4.6
4.3
5.8
5.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.6
4.7
4.9
4.7

3.1
3.2
3.5
2.9
3.4
3.2
2.8
2.9
3.4
3.2
3.2
2.7
2.4
2.8
2.9
1.7
3.1
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.6
3.2
2.3
3.7
3.4
3.5
4.0
4.2

3.2
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.2
3.7
3.1
3.6
2.8
2.9
2.4
3.1
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.3
1.9
3.6
3.5
4.1
5.7
4.2

3.2
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.7
2.4
3.0
4.6
1.9
3.6
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.9
2.1
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.9
3.6
4.4

3.5
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.0
3.5
4.4
2.7
4.1
3.3
2.9
2.8
3.5
2.7
4.1
3.8
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.5
4.5
3.7
3.4
4.6
4.1
5.7

Oct.
1988 P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555

356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679

369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

$11.06 $11.05 $11.00 $11.09
12.36 12.31 12.16 12.37
11.34 11.51 11.47 11.48
10.78 10.71 10.66 10.47
9.78
9.74 10.05 10.15
9.68
9.88 10.00
9.82
11.08 11.16 11.39 11.51
11.12
11.13 11.27 11.39
11.52
11.60 11.72 12.01
11.81
11.93 12.21 12.33
9.92
9.97 10.19 10.29
8.62
9.08
9.06
8.69
10.74 10.80 11.05 11.27
10.78 10.85 10.97 11.11
8.80
9.28
9.13
8.86
11.71 11.60 12.01 12.49
10.39
10.41 10.50 10.62
10.99 11.02 11.12 11.19
10.98 10.91 10.79 11.02
10.30 10.38 10.42 10.48
9.22
9.61
9.40
9.22
10.28 10.29 10.59 10.80
10.48 10.54 10.55 10.65
10.39 10.41 10.74 10.79
10.37 10.39 10.69 10.73
10.43 10.49 10.53 10.57
10.62 10.67 10.68 10.71
10.41 10.42 10.59 10.72
12.66 12.86 12.90
12.58
10.12 10.29 10.43
10.11
9.94
9.33
9.29
9.37
9.87
9.66

9.91
9.92
11.56
11.89
7.26
9.18
10.46
8.71

9.92
9.37

9.29
9.45
9.87
9.75

10.15
9.49
9.31
9.64
10.02
9.93

9.76

9.97

9.86
11.40

10.05
11.77

11.66
7.37

11.83
7.40

9.21
10.56
8.86

9.58
10.84

9.30
6.82

9.25
6.71

9.09
9.29
11.89
11.34
12.09
8.96
11.36
10.79
8.08
10.58

9.25
9.51
11.83
11.27
12.03
8.93
11.33
10.84
8.07
10.61

11.37

11.58

11.10

11.06

9.44
9.20
7.02

9.58
9.95
12.15
11.74
12.32
9.15
11.40
11.19
8.16
10.73
11.05
11.48

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

11.82

11.98
7.40
9.64
10.87
9.50
9.34
7.02

9.72
10.17
12.19
11.66

12.40
9.18
11.34
11.15
8.22
10.88
11.35

11.59

Aug.
1988

$472.26 $476.26 $469.70
540.13 542.87 527.74
484.22 490.33 477.15
467.85 466.96 453.05
410.76 412.00 434.16
392.04 405.57 408.04
462.04 477.65 487.49
454.81 467.46 480.10
496.51 509.24 512.16
498.38 518.96 533.58
406.72 417.74 418.81
349.11 356.29 381.43
443.56 454.68 458.58
441.98 456.79 459.64
376.64 375.66 379.81
461.37 460.52 462.39
432.22 441.38 443.10
465.98 482.68 472.60
464.45 473.49 465.05
430.54 432.85 444.93
379.86 378.94 389.16
422.51 435.27 454.31
429.68 437.41 423.06
442.61 444.51 444.64
440.73 442.61 442.57
426.59 439.53 434.89
437.54 450.27 444.29
427.85 437.64 439.49
518.30 530.45 547.84
415.52 425.04 426.01

10.20 $10.19 401.58

9.54
9.34
9.71
10.10
10.05
10.07
10.04

Oct.
1987

380.66
388.32
373.86
400.72
386.40
404.33
392.83
460.09
472.03
292.58
362.61
410.03
342.30
372.93
260.52
360.87
364.17
489.87
480.82
493.27
361.98
466.90
433.76
329.66
432.72
460.49
463.98

406.72
388.86
391.11
388.40
411.58
402.68
401.14
395.39
454.86
466.40
308.07
371.16
423.46
352.63
380.18
266.39
378.33
383.25
485.03
475.59
488.42
363.45
465.66
437.94
330.87
456.23
514.15
483.32

412.09
398.58
391.95
404.88
416.83
412.10
403.79
394.97
473.15
453.09
301.18
379.37
430.35
360.61
377.20
267.46
387.99
399.99
494.51
495.43
495.26
367.83
478.80
448.72
329.66
447.44
467.42
477.57

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

$480.20

551.70
489.05
432.41
440.51

419.00
504.14
494.33
544.05
549.92

432.18
391.35
477.85
471.06
397.18
490.86
459.85
487.88

489.29
447.50
402.66
465.48
449.43

452.10
450.66
439.71
448.75
451.31
543.09

439.10
419.22 $416.77
403.54
396.95
408.79
425.21
421.10
415.89
406.62
483.44
487.59
307.84
387.53
441.32
374.30
382.01
275.18
403.38
421.04
497.35
482.72
503.44
370.87
477.41
448.23
334.55
468.93
496.00
506.48

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

41.1
41.1
40.3
41.2
41.8
40.0
41.9
42.1
41.8
41.7
39.7
40.2
38.8
40.8
42.4
42.3
39.2
36.5

42.2
42.6
42.2
41.5
43.3
40.5
42.4
42.3
42.0
42.7
40.5
40.7
40.3
40.8
42.4
42.5
40.3
39.3

41.8
42.3
41.3
42.0
43.0
39.9
41.6
41.2
41.7
42.2
40.5
40.9
39.8
42.4
43.0
42.8
39.5
38.8

43.1
44.3
45.0
42.8
44.1
40.5
42.6
42.4
42.3
43.1
39.6
39.9
39.1
42.5
43.7
43.8
40.5
38.4

43.2
44.1

4.2
4.3
4.0
4.3
4.7
3.2
4.7
4.4
4.7
5.2
2.8
3.1
2.3
1.8
4.5
4.5
3.2
1.2

4.5
4.7
4.3
3.5
5.3
3.0
5.0
4.5
5.1
5.7
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.6
4.3
4.2
3.7
2.8

4.4
4.8
4.6
3.7
5.2
2.7
4.5
4.1
4.7
4.9
2.9
3.2
2.3
4.4
4.6
4.7
2.7
2.7

5.1
5.7
6.0
4.8
5.8
2.8
5.1
4.7
4.5
6.0
3.2
3.5
2.7
4.4
4.7
4.7
2.9
2.0

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.0
41.3
40.5
39.3
42.1
40.0
43.0
40.4
40.4
40.4
40.8
43.7
38.2

41.7
41.8
41.1
39.6
42.6
40.6
43.0
41.2
41.1
41.2
40.4
44.9
40.9

41.2
41.1
41.0
39.4
43.4
40.3
42.8
40.5
39.8
40.9
39.8
43.9
40.6

41.5
41.9
41.7
40.3
43.6
41.1
43.3
40.6
40.4
40.6
39.8
43.1
41.1

41.5

3.0
3.1
2.6
2.7
3.4
2.0
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.8
4.2
2.7

3.3
3.6
2.7
2.9
3.4
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.8
2.6
4.5
2.8

2.9
2.8
2.6
2.3
3.8
2.0
2.4
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.8

3.2
3.2
3.0
2.5
4.1
2.5
3.4
2.9
2.7
3.1
3.2
4.2
3.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.1
38.1
37.4
40.3
39.1
38.5
39.6
40.1
37.5
35.2
39.6
39.3

40.0
40.0
39.6
41.6
39.8
39.8
39.8
40.9
38.1
35.4
40.5
40.3

39.0
37.4
36.0
40.0
39.3
38.1
40.3
39.7
36.9
34.9
39.7
39.5

39.3
38.2
36.9
40.5
38.9
38.6
39.2
39.4
38.5
36.0
40.1
40.4

39.5

2.7
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.7
2.0
2.2
3.4
3.0
3.0
2.9

.3.3
3.8
3.7
3.1
3.1
3.6
2.6
2.4
3.6
3.0
3.5
3.3

2.4
1.6
1.0
2.2
2.3
1.7
2.7
2.7
1.8
.9
2.9
2.9

2.7
2.3
1.8
2.4
2.4
2.1
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.1
3.1
3.4

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

40.3
40.8
40.5
41.4
40.8
39.9
42.4
40.4
44.1
40.1
41.4
40.3
39.2
45.1
48.6
44.4
40.1
39.4
41.9

40.5
40.6
40.7
43.2
40.4
39.0
40.7
38.9
41.9
39.6
39.7
38.9
38.6
44.3
48.1
43.7
40.1
38.9
42.7

40.2
40.8
40.6
41.9
41.4
39.2
40.8
39.2
41.8
41.1
43.5
41.8
39.9
44.7
47.1
43.1
40.2
39.1
43.0

40.5
40.8
41.5
43.0
41.8
39.9
41.4
40.0
42.7
39.6
43.5
38.5
39.3
45.8
49.0
43.7
40.5
39.4
43.1

40.2
40.5

4.0
4.9
4.3
5.2
4.3
3.7
5.4
4.5
6.5
5.7
7.8
6.4
6.2
7.2
8.9
7.0
4.3
4.7
3.4

3.9
4.4
4.5
5.9
4.1
3.5
4.1
3.7
4.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.9
6.3
8.1
6.1
4.1
4.2
3.8

3.8
4.8
4.3
5.4
4.9
3.1
4.2
3.5
4.9
6.4
7.5
7.9
5.4
6.4
7.4
6.2
4.1
4.0
4.3

4.1
5.0
5.1
6.3
5.4
3.7
4.7
4.3
5.4
5.3
7.9
5.8
5.1
7.8
8.7
6.9
4.5
4.5
4.5

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
,
Flour and othar grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

88




Oct.
1988P

3.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

$13.04 $13.07 $13.26 $13.49 $13.51 $535.94
13.64
14.18
14.20 560.60
13.90
13.69
15.53
16.12
625.86
16.07
15.52
11.45
12.15
471.74
11.35 11.65
12.81
13.36
535.46
13.16
12.89
9.21
9.15
368.4C
9.20
9.27
13.26
13.73
555.59
13.61
13.30
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
$560.96
$13.42 $13.51 $13.87 $14.02
516.25
12.57
12.39
12.38
12.58
415.26
10.33 10.30
10.46
10.40
470.74
11.54
11.71
11.58
11.58
312.34
8.05
8.28
8.10
8.54
486.74
11.93
12.06
12.01
12.24
546.54
12.89
13.23
12.82
13.20
(2)
(2)
(2)
O
$406.90
$10.38 $10.41 $10.20 $10.30
310.98
8.58
8.60
8,69
8.52

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

$551.55
583.19
654.94
471.03
558.14
375.44
563.92

$554.27
587.97
663.69
489.30
565.88
367.08
566.18

$581.42 $583.63
628.17 626.22
725.40
520.02
589.18
370.58
584.90

$567.42
529.05
418.37
471.31
326.43
490.01
543.57

$578.38
530.45
417.15
471.99
329.54
511.34
568.89

$593.05
542.20
411.84
462.04
333.91
520.20
576.84

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

$419.52 $402.90 $417.15
337.98 332.90 333.70

9.76
10.68
9.60
9.03
9.44
9.82
10.39
8.62
8.73
8.49
7.50
13.47
7.17

9.78
10.78
9.59
9.00
9.45
9.82
10.45
8.69
8.82
8.53
7.45
13.41
7.16

9.91
11.01
9.66
9.20
9.33
9.80
10.84
8.95
9.23
8.65
7.59
13.25
7.24

9.96
11.13
9.69
9.04
9.40
9.88
10.98
8.96
9.23
8.65
7.57
13.49
7.33

10.02 400.16
441.08
388.80
354.88
397.42
392.80
446.77
348,25
352.69
343.00
306.00
588.64
273.89

407.83
450.60
394.15
356.40
402.57
398.69
449.35
358.03
362.50
351.44
300.98
602.11
292.84

408.29
452.51
396.06
362.48
404.92
394.94
463.95
362.48
367.35
353.79
302.08
581.68
293.94

413.34
466.35
404.07
364.31
409.84
406.07
475.43
363.78
372.89
351.19
301.29
581.42
301.26

415.83

7.78
8.40
8.49
7.58
7.16
6.98
7.31
7.65
6.40
5.82
8.54
8.98

7.79
8.47
8.56
7.64
7.14
6.89
7.35
7.67
6.28
5.72
8.57
9.02

7.93
8.52
8.62
7.97
7.14
6.92
7.31
7.90
6.79
6.31
8.68
9.03

8.00
8.53
8.60
8.01
7.21
6.97
7.40
7.96
6,87
6.47
8.76
9.17

8.09 304.20
320.04
317.53
305.47
279.96
268.73
289.48
306.77
240.00
204.86
338.18
352.91

311.60
338.80
338.98
317.82
284.17
274.22
292.53
313.70
239.27
202.49
347.09
363.51

309.27
318.65
310.32
318.80
280.60
263.65
294.59
313.63
250.55
220.22
344.60
356.69

314.40
325.85
317.34
324.41
280.47
269.04
290.08
313.62
264.50
232.92
351.28
370.47

319.56

9.30
8.95
7.50
8.45
8.95
6.21
9.80
9.18
10.31
8.15
9.92
7.97
7.56
11.02
10.79
8.54
10.15
10.19
10.05

9.20
8.88
7.50
8.52
8.85
6.13
9.67
8.97
10.17
8.04
10.02
7.84
7.41
10.80
10.63
8.43
10.04
10.03
10.05

9.40
9.04
7.58
8.47
8.98
6.31
9.84
9.15
10.32
8.25
10.28
8.37
7.31
11.12
11.06
8.63
10.29
10.21
10.47

9.50
9.12
7.67
8.58
9.03
6.37
10.03
9.32
10.51
8.26
10.28
8.29
7.34
11.14

9.48 374.79
9.05 365.16
303.75
349.83
365.16
247.78
415.52
370.87
454.67
326.82
410.69
321.19
296.35
497.00
524.39
379.18
407.02
401.49
421.10

372.60
360.53
305.25
368.06
357.54
239.07
393.57
348.93
426.12
318.38
397.79
304.98
286.03
478.44
511.30
368.39
402.60
390.17
429.14

377.88
368.83
307.75
354.89
371.77
247.35
401.47
358.68
431.38
339.08
447.18
349.87
291.67
497.06
520.93
371.95
413.66
399.21
450.21

384.75
372.10
318.31
368.94
377.45
254.16
415.24
372.80
448.78
327.10
447.18
319.17
288.46
510.21
539.49
378.88
419.58
404.64
455.14

381.10
366.53

11.01
8.67
10.36
10.27
10.56

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

3.3
5.5
2.6
6.0
4.2
5.6
3.4
4.2

4.1
6.4
3.3
5.8
3.5
5.6
2.7
4.2

3.6
5.2
3.1
5.2
4.2
5.7
4.3
4.3

4.5
6.1
4.1
6.0
4.0
5.7
2.8
4.0

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

209

39.9
42.3
38.6
43.4
40.7
41.6
40.0
39.2

41.0
43.0
39.7
43.6
40.3
43.0
39.0
39.5

40.7
41.4
40.0
42.0
41.0
43.0
41.3
38.6

40.9
41.2
40.4
43.1
40.1
42.4
38.8
37.9

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

40.1
39.5

41.4
40.6

40.1
41.3

40.9
41.1

40.9

2.6
2.6

3.5
3.4

2.6
2.9

2.6
2.7

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261

41.7
43.4
42.5
40.1
40.2
39.8
37.6
38.5
39.9
39.9
41.6
42.3
42.6
42.4
42.4
42.6
43.3
39.4
42.2

42.0
43.0
42.5
41.9
41.3
40.2
39.0
40.0
39.4
40.0
42.4
42.5
43.4
42.6
44.7
42.3
43.2
37.6
43.1

41.3
41.1
42.4
42.4
41.1
40.1
38.6
39.6
40.0
39.6
41.0
42.1
43.1
41.8
43.4
40.5
41.1
37.8
42.2

41.4
41.4
42.3
42.2
42.6
40.0
38.5
38.8
40.1
39.8
41.0
42.6
43.4
42.8
43.9
40.6
41.0
38.1
42.5

41.1

4.5
6.4
4.9
1.1
3.4
3.3
2.8
2.2
3.6
2.4
4.3
4.7
4.2
4.4
3.8
5.5
6.1
3.1
4.3

4.5
5.7
4.8
1.9
3.7
3.6
2.9
3.1
3.7
2.4
4.9
5.4
5.8
5.2
4.4
5.1
5.5
2.7
4.8

4.1
4.2
4.8
4.0
3.9
3.3
2.7
2.8
3.2
2.6
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.5
4.8
4.1
4.4
2.4
4.3

4.3
4.6
4.7
3.2
4.2
3.7
3.0
2.5
4.4
2.3
4.7
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.0
4.2
4.4
2.9
4.8

37.5
36.1
37.8
37.6
37.8
37.6
35.3
35.9
34.8
34.9
35.5
38.9
39.2
37.2
38.1
37.1
39.5
40.4
38.7
41.0
42.2

36.9
36.4
36.5
37.0
36.6
35.2
35.8
36.1
35.2
36.9
35.7
38.6
39.4
33.9
36.7
35.7
38.2
39.0
37.0
39.2
41.2

37.1
36.9
36.7
37.4
36.6
34.9
35.6
36.0
35.1
36.2
35.5
38.0
38.5
35.1
37.2
37.0
38.9
39.6
37.3
40.4
42.7

37.1

1.8
1.3
1.6
1.4
1.1
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.7
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.3
2.2
3.3
1.8
4.2
5.1

2.1
1.2
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.7
3.7
2.4
4.4
5.8

1.7
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.4
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.1
1.7
1.4
2.3
2.7
1.2
2.8
5.4

1.9
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.5
2.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.7
2.6
3.3
1.4
3.7
6.1

43.7
45.9
46.0
44.5
42.2
43.9
41.3
41.6
43.2
42.9
43.9
41.7

42.9
44.6
44.6
43.6
41.5
43.0
41.0
41.8
42.6
42.6
43.2
42.1

43.7
45.8
46.0
44.3
42.2
43.7
41.4
42.4
43.4
42.9
44.2
43.0

43.4

6.3
9.0
9.4
8.6
4.4
4.7
3.2
4.9
5.2
4.6
5.8
4.7

5.5
7.0
7.0
7.5
4.2
4.4
3.3
4.1
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.1

4.9
5.8
5.8
7.2
3.9
3.8
3.3
4.5
4.6
4.2
5.1
4.3

5.6
6.7
6.8
7.3
4.7
4.7
3.9
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.8
4.6

;

206
2061-3

2065
207
208
2082
2086

2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

2392
2396

36.3
36.1
36.4
36.4
35.7
36.0
34.3
34.9
34.0
33.8
34.4
37.9
38.3
35.3
36.4
35.5
38.1
38.7
36.7
39.8
40.6

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

44.1
47.7
48.3
45.4
42.0
43.9
40.8
42.2
42.8
42.5
43.2
42.6

See footnotes at end of table.

90




2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236

2361
238
239
2391

Oct.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1987

$9.28
10.82
8.11

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

$370.27
457.69
313.05
407.96
489.62
693.89
380.40
328.10

$368.18
419.68
317.60
402.86
486.82
715.09
370.11
332.20

$383.80
473.62
329.60
396.48
497.74
727.99
403.91
324.63

$386.51
466.80
336.13
406.43
489.62
722.92
376.36
328.59

$8.98
9.76
8.00
9.24

$9.43
11.44
8.24
9.44

11.33
8.32
9.43

12.08
9.49
8.41

12.14
16.93
9.78
8.41

12.21
17.05
9.70
8.67

14.07 $14.09 534.93
664.39
17.37

545.65
686.95

595.08
718.21

575.46
713.91

$576.28

304.08
326.80
331.08
322.21
276.30
266.12
251.94
252.80
261.62
246.40
305.28
322.15
328.10
333.13
336.14
292.29
297.65
261.70
349.54

304.38
314.83
335.81
340.05
281.12
267.87
253.60
255.02
256.80
257.00
305.45
329.64
339.63
339.42
336.35
285.53
288.11
276.70
351.53

307.19
320.02
340.09
338.87
291.81
267.60
255.64
251.42
255.04
259.10
305.86
334.84
340.26
348.82
340.66
289.48
291.51
279.27
355.73

304.96

223.88
245.12
207.14
198.53
202.99
206.42
203.33
182.01
214.72
230.69
197.03
215.90
210.90
245.52
203.07
192.92
231.08
290.07
227.17
250.10
465.89

223.98
246.43
203.67
199.80
199.84
197.47
211.22
184.47
221.06
240.96
206.35
218.09
218.67
212.55
200.75
195.99
229.20
280.02
221.63
244.61
447.84

229.65
252.77
208.09
207.20
200.57
198.58
213.24
186.84
224.64
241.45
206.97
216.22
214.83
224.29
208.32
205.72
233.79
293.44
225.29
256.94
485.93

230.02

500.80
649.49
651.82
642.14
417.78
488.61
386.98
382.72
422.06
433.29
437.68
393.23

498.93
637.33
639.56
631.33
418.32
482.03
392.37
392.50
424.72
437.93
440.64
406.27

511.73
663.64
667.92
644.12
426.22
495.56
400.34
399.83
437.04
446.16
455.26
422.26

505.61

$9.45

209

9.40
12.03
16.68
9.51
8.37

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

13.34
16.82

13.18
16.92

14.84
17.39

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227

7.23
7.59
7.74
7.78
6.84
6.60
6.50
6.28
6.57
6.21
7.17
7.48
7.45
7.71
7.49
6.91
6.92
7.00
8.19

7.24
7.60
7.79
7.69
6.69
6.62
6.46
6.32
6.64
6.16
7.20
7.58
7.56
7.82
7.52
6.91
6.89
6.96
8.11

7.37
7.66
7.92
8.02
6.84
6.68
6.57
6.44
6.42
6.49
7.45
7.83
7.88
8.12
7.75
7.05
7.01
7.32
8.33

7.42
7.73
8.04
8.03
6.85
6.69
6.64
6.48
6.36
6.51
7.46
7.86
7.84
8.15
7.76
7.13
7.11
7.33
8.37

7.42 301.49

5.99
6.65
5.51
5.36
5.31
5.60
5.80
5.11
6.17
6.63
5.63
5.56
5.39
6.60
5.38
5.21
5.78
7.18
5.87
6.18
10.76

5.97
6.79
5.48
5.28
5.37
5.49
5.76
5.07
6.17
6.61
5.55
5.55
5.38
6.60
5.33
5.20
5.85
7.18
5.87
6.10
11.04

6.07
6.77
5.58
5.40
5.46
5.61
5.90
5.11
6.28
6.53
5.78
5.65
5.55
6.27
5.47
5.49
6.00
7.18
5.99
6.24
10.87

6.19
6.85
5.67
5.54
5.48
5.69
5.99
5.19
6.40
6.67
5.83
5.69
5.58
6.39
5.60
5.56
6.01
7.41
6.04
6.36
11.38

6.20 217.44

11.66
14.46

11.46
14.15
14.17

11.63

11.71
14.49
14.52
14.54
10.10
11.34
9.67
9.43
10.07
10.40

11.65 514.21

2086

228

2281
2282
229
23
231
232
2321
2327

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

2328
233

16.63

9.37

9.37
9.20

14.29
14.34
14.48
10.08
11.21
9.57
9.39

9.86
10.12
10.11
9.44

9.77
10.10
9.97
9.43

10.28
10.20
9.65

14.51

14.41
10.02
11.14
9.31

Oct.
1988P

14.43
9.90
11.13

9.97

10.30
9.82

329.41
328.95
311.98
274.97
262.68
244.40
241.78
262.14
247.78
298.27
316.40
317.37
326.90
317.58
294.37
299.64
275.80
345.62
240.07
200.56
195.10
189.57
201.60
198.94
178.34
209.78
224.09
193.67
210.72
206.44
232.98
195.83
184.96
220.22
277.87
215.43
245.96
436.86
689.74
700.83
654.21
420.84
489.05
379.85
395.41
422.01
430.10
436.75
402.14

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

38.5
34.5
39.2
38.8
37.4
40.9
36.5
40.1
39.9
39.9
41.4
38.6
38.5

38.2
33.8
38.5
38.5
37.5
40.1
36.4
39.9
39.7
39.7
41.7
39.0
38.5

38.2
33.5
38.3
39.6
38.1
41.9
36.4
39.6
39.6
39.5
41.7
38.9
39.0

38.5
33.6
39.2
39.7
37.9
42.4
36.2
40.2
39.8
40.3
40.7
39.8
38.9

38.0

3.5
2.0
4.2
3.6
2.8
4.8
2.6
4.2
3.4
4.3
4.5
3.2
4.1

3.4
1.7
3.7
3.4
2.9
4.3
2.8
4.0
3.3
4.1
4.4
3.4
4.5

3.2
1.4
3.2
3.7
2.3
5.7
2.0
3.8
3.4
3.9
4.4
3.3
4.7

3.6
1.6
4.2
3.9
2.4
6.1
2.6
4.3
3.7
4.5
3.8
4.0
5.1

42.3
42.4
42.7
42.8
43.2
42.6
41.3
41.0
41.0
43.8
41.4
39.2
41.7
44.8
43.5
45.2
43.0
41.4

41.8
42.5
42.7
43.0
43.6
42.9
40.4
40.2
40.3
43.3
40.8
38.5
41.5
43.3
41.4
43.8
42.5
41.9

42.4
42.8
42.9
43.6
43.9
43.5
41.0
40.6
40.6
44.3
40.8
38.7
41.8
44.4
41.9
45.1
43.3
41.9

41.9

4.3
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.5
4.4
3.0
3.0
3.8
5.5
3.5
3.1
3.8
5.6
5.9
5.5
4.5
3.7

4.1
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.6
3.8
3.2
3.2
3.4
5.5
3.3
2.3
3.6
5.6
6.1
5.5
4.7
3.7

4.0
4.2
4.3
4.7
5.2
4.3
2.9
2.9
3.4
4.9
3.0
2.8
3.7
4.9
4.7
5.0
4.6
3.7

4.4
4.3
4.4
5.2
5.4
5.1
3.2
3.3
3.7
5.6
3.1
3.1
3.9
5.6
5.0
5.8
5.1
4.0

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

2861,9
287
289

42.7
42.5
43.1
44.3
44.6
44.1
41.2
40.9
40.7
43.4
41.4
38.8
41.4
45.1
44.2
45.4
43.0
42.4

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

44.0
43.8
45.8

44.0
43.4
47.4

44.6
44.3
47.0

44.5
44.3
46.4

44.3

5.3
4.8
8.1

5.4
4.7
9.2

5.7
5.1
8.7

5.7
5.1
8.6

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.3
44.7
39.5

41.9
45.6
42.0

41.3
45.1
40.0

41.6
44.4
39.9

41.5

4.3
6.5
1.8

4.4
6.3
2.3

4.2
7.0
2.6

4.4
6.4
1.9

303,4
306
307

42.2
41.2
40.9

45.3
42.2
41.3

44.3
41.0
40.7

44.2
41.7
41.1

4.3
3.9
4.1

5.7
4.0
4.2

4.8
3.4
3.9

4.4
3.9
4.3

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311

37.8
41.6
37.1
37.0
37.4
40.0
36.3

38.8
41.8
38.4
38.1
39.1
41.0
37.8

37.7
41.2
37.3
37.3
37.1
39.7
36.4

37.5
40.7
37.1
38.1
35.8
38.7
36.7

37.3

2.2
4.5
1.9
1.7
2.0
3.2
2.6

2.5
4.4
2.0
1.7
2.5
4.8
3.4

2.1
3.8
1.9
1.1
2.8
3.6
1.7

2.2
3.5
1.9
1.5
2.2
3.8
2.1

39.2

39.4

39.7

39.4

39.6

314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

43.8

44.5

45.1

45.1

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

33.3
38.5
39.7

33.7
38.6
40.8

36.6
39.2
40.9

34.1
38.1
40.1

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.2
38.1
40.2

38.6
38.4
40.5

38.7
38.6
39.3

38.6
38.5
38.7

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

41.6

41.9

40.0

42.6

See footnotes at end of table.

92




Oct.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988 P

Oct.
1988 P

Sept.
1987

$10.48 $10.41 $10.55 $10.70 $10.68 $403.48
10.46 10.24 10.47 10.63
360.87
10.93 10.80 11.11 11.14
428.46
9.55
370.54
9.76
9.53
9.58
9.18
343.33
9.42
9.12
9.16
10.08 10.20 10.10 10.20
412.27
9.68
353.32
9.96 10.09
9.87
10.77 10.69 10.82 11.01
431.88
10.39 10.31 10.27 10.45
414.56
10.89 10.79 11.01 11.20
434.51
10.83 10.79 11.09 11.03
448.36
8.29
319.99
8.49
8.44
8.29
12.74 12.73 12.95 13.12
490.49

Oct.
1937

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

$397.66 $403.01 $411.95 $405.84
346.11 350.75 357.17
415.80 425.51 436.69
368.83 377.39 337.47
343.50 347.47 357.02
409.02 423.19 432.48
359.27 362.54 365.26
426.53 428.47 442.60
409.31 406.69 415.91
428.36 434.90 451.36
449.94 462.45 448.92
323.31 328.32 337.90
490.11 505.05 510.37

12.50
13.69
13.74
12.66
13.62
12.15
11.82
11.47
10.87
14.19
9.99
9.23
10.91
15.13
15.07
15.15
12.18
11.44

12.63
13.99
14.05
12.98
13.89
12.30
12.00
11.72
10.90
14.50
10.33
9.07
11.14
15.05
14.68
15.14
12.34
11.53

12.75
14.02
14.09
13.15
14.14
12.46
12.11
11.93
10.91
14.69
10.22
9.09
11.34
15.25
14.90
15.33
12.52
11.62

12.80 536.31
592.03
604.69
569.70
615.48
548.60
484.10
466.67
439.56
613.68
416.07
354.63
454.57
682.81
650.18
692.80
526.75
487.18

528.75
580.46
586.70
541.85
588.38
517.59
488.17
470.27
445.67
621.52
413.59
361.82
454.95
677.82
655.55
684.78
523.74
473.62

527.93
594.58
599.94
558.14
605.60
527.67
484.80
471.14
439.27
627.85
421.46
349.20
462.31
651.67
607.75
663.13
524.45
483.11

540.60
600.06
604.46
573.34
620.75
542.01
496.51
484.36
442.95
650.77
416.98
351.78
474.01
677.10
624.31
691.38
542.12
486.88

536.32

289

12.56
13.93
14.03
12.86
13.80
12.44
11.75
11.41
10.80
14.14
10.05
9.14
10.98
15.14
14.71
15.26
12.25
11.49

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

14.74
15.94
11.63

14.66
15.85
11.64

14.91
16.11
11.64

15.09
16.29
11.84

15.09 648.56
698.17
532.65

645.04
687.89
551.74

664.99
713.67
547.08

671.51
721.65
549.38

668.49

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.01
14.40
6.05

8.93
14.16
6.09

9.14
14.42
6.37

9.18
14.38
6.28

9.17 372.11

374.17
645.70
255.78

377.48
650.34
254.80

381.89
638.47
250.57

380.56

643.68
238.98

303,4
, 306
307

8.91
8.75
8.37

8.98
8.74
8.31

9.19
8.75
8.52

9.15
8.80
8.61

376.00
360.50
342.33

406.79
368.83
343.20

407.12
358.75
346.76

404.43
366.96
353.87

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

6.13
8.30
5.79
6.19
5.45
6.57
5.89

6.12
8.27
5.80
6.18
5.51
6.44
5.86

6.23
8.36
5.94
6.26
5.69
6.27
5.83

6.30
8.42
6.02
6.38
5.75
6.33
5.87

6.35 231.71
345.28
214.81
229.03
203.83
262.80
213.81

237.46
345.69
222.72
235.46
215.44
264.04
221.51

234.87
344.43
221.56
233.50
211.10
248.92
212.21

236.25
342.69
223.34
243.08
205.85
244.97
215.43

236.86

12.11

12.12

12.35

12.36

12.42 474.71

477.53

490.30

486.98

491.83

4011

14.26

14.23

14.87

14.87

624.59

633.24

670.64

670.64

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41

8.33
8.97
11.69

8.66
9.09
11.22

8.57
8.99

413

8.37
9.07
11.67

11.36

278.72
349.20
463.30

280.72
346.24
476.95

316.96
356.33
458.90

292.24
342.52
455.54

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.78
11.02
8.12

10.83
11.09
8.03

10.91
11.07
8.82

11.01
11.19
8.77

411.80
419.86
32S.42

418.04
425.86
325.22

422.22
427.30
346.63

424.99
430.82
339.40

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.41

15.48

15.42

15.77

641.06

648.61

616.80

671.80

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284

2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

2861,9
287

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

411

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

48
481
483

40.9
42.5
36.2

40.2
41.7
35.7

40.2
41.9
35.6

40.2
41.9
35.9

49
491

41.4
41.2
40.7
41.9
43.4

42.1
41.5
42.0
43.4
42.9

41.4
41.7
40.6
41.4
42.2

41.6
41.6
41.5
41.8
42.3

38.0

38.3

38.0

38.1

38.4
38.1
37.0
39.2
36.1
40.0
37.9
38.3
38.9
37.5

38.7
38.3
37.2
39.5
36.4
40.8
38.2
38.7
39.0
37.7

38.5
37.9
37.3
39.6
36.1
39.9
37.8
38.6
38.8
38.1

38.6
38.0
37.5
39.7
36.0
40.1
38.0
38.8
38.8
38.3

37.5
36.8
37.1
37.1
38.3
38.7
38.7
35.8
36.5

37.7
37.2
37.6
37.2
37.9
39.0
38.8
35.7
37.1

37.3
36.9
37.2
36.4
38.0
40.0
38.1
36.5
36.5

37.4
37.0
37.1
36.8
38.0
40.0
38.2
36.5
36.4

29.5

29.1

29.8

29.0

492
493

495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514

505
506
507
508
509

516
517
518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.5
38.5
32.7

36.7
38.7
33.0

37.0
38.8
33.6

36.8
38.8
32.7

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

29.6
29.5
29.6
30.5

27.7
27.5
28.9
29.7

28.3
27.9
29.8
30.5

27.7
27.5
28.8
29.7

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

30.8
31.2
27.6

29.9
30.2
27.8

31.1
31.2
29.6

30.2
30.3
29.3

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.3
36.9
39.1
34.0

36.5
37.2
39.1
34.3

36.6
37.2
38.7
34.6

36.3
37.0
38.7
34.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.1
29.6
25.7
27.6
27.6

26.7
29.3
25.2
27.2
27.3

27.9
29.5
26.2
27.8
29.7

27.0
28.6
25.2
26.9
28.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

33.1
33.2
33.8
32.5

32.9
33.2
33.8
32.0

33.2
33.8
34.0
32.0

32.9
33.6
33.2
31.7

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.8

25.8

26.7

25.5

See footnotes at end of table.

94




Average overtime hours
Oct.
1988P

38.2

29.0

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

SIC
Code

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Average weekly earnings

Averagei hourly earnings

1972
Industry

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

$12.65 $12.52 $12.88 $12.88
13.38 13.28 13.66 13.63
11.13 10.84 11.44 11.53

-

$517.39 $503.30 $517.78 $517.78
568.65 553.78 572.35 571.10
402.91 386.99 407.26 413.93

14.31
14.47
13.34
16.75
11.11

_
_
_
_
-

573.80
572.68
535.61
680.46
453.10

587.72
578.51
554.40
718.27
441.44

588.29
601.31
533.89
689.31
463.36

595.30
601.95
553.61
700.15
469.95

10.00 $10.10 366.32

369.60

375.44

381.00 $385.82

376.32
337.95
329.30
367.70
351.25
417.20
385.06
354.28
406.12
292.13

381.58
340.49
332.94
371.70
354.54
425.54
392.31
358.36
410.67
295.19

389.24
345.65
348.76
384.52
345.48
420.15
396.90
363.61
419.04
304.80

394.88
351.50
352.50
389.06
347.40
425.46
403.56
370.54
424.86
308.70

_
_
_
_
_

352.88
376.10
406.99
337.98
366.91
469.04
367.65
394.87
281.05

352.50
377.58
404.20
339.26
360.81
471.12
368.21
392.70
284.93

356.22
381.55
405.48
339.98
368.60
483.20
365.00
407.34
287.62

361.28
394.79
409.58
347.39
373.92
487.60
369.78
407.34
289.74

_

13.86
13.90
13.16
16.24
10.44

13.96
13.94
13.20
16.55
10.29

14.21
14.42
13.15
16.65
10.98

9.64

9.65

9.88

_
_
_
_
-

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

9.80
8.87
8.90
9.38
9.73
10.43
10.16
9.25
10.44
7.79

9.86
8.89
8.95
9.41
9.74
10.43
10.27
9.26
10.53
7.83

10.11
9.12
9.35
9.71
9.57
10.53
10.50
9.42
10.80
8.00

10.23
9.25
9.40
9.80
9.65
10.61
10.62
9.55
10.95
8.06

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.41
10.22
10.97
9.11
9.58
12.12
9.50
11.03
7.70

9.35
10.15
10.75
9.12
9.52
12.08
9.49
11.00
7.68

9.55
10.34
10.90
9.34
9.70
12.08
9.58
11.16
7.88

9.66
10.67
11.04
9.44
9.84
12.19
9.68
11.16
7.96

6.20

6.16

6.26

6.37

6.39 182.90

179.26

186.55

184.73

185.31

Retail trade

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
-

_
_
_
_

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.11
7.43
6.03

7.14
7.47
6.02

7.37
7.75
6.16

7.50
7.88
6.26

259.52
286.06
197.18

262.04
289.09
198.66

272.69
300.70
206.98

276.00
305.74
204.70

_
_

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.59
6.90
4.93
5.04

6.56
6.88
4.84
5.06

6.54
6.85
4.95
5.25

6.65
6.96
5.04
5.39

181.71
189.20
139.88
150.28

185.08
191.12
147.51
160.13

184.21
191.40
145.15
160.08

_

-

195.06
203.55
145.93
153.72

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.14
7.29
5.73

6.92
7.05
5.69

6.91
7.01
5.97

7.04
7.14
6.02

-

219.91
227.45
158.15

206.91
212.91
158.18

214.90
218.71
176.71

212.61
216.34
176.39

-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

7.91
9.70
6.70
5.58

7.83
9.47
6.72
5.62

8.26
10.19
7.03
5.76

8.35
10.23
7.14
5.83

287.13
357.93
261.97
189.72

285.80
352.28
262.75
192.77

302.32
379.07
272.06
199.30

303.11
378.51
276.32
198.80

_
-

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.67
6.63
5.28
5.59
5.88

5.63
6.69
5.27
5.49
5.74

5.70
6.82
5.40
5.52
5.86

5.84
6.97
5.54
5.67
6.00

_
_

153.66
196.25
135.70
154.28
162.29

150.32
196.02
132.80
149.33
156.70

159.03
201.19
141.48
153.46
174.04

157.68
199.34
139.61
152.52
173.40

_
_

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.57
7.68
7.43
7.45

7.55
7.66
7.43
7.40

7.84
7.99
7.81
7.60

7.90
8.08
7.85
7.62

_
-

250.57
254.98
251.13
242.13

248.40
254.31
251.13
236.80

260.29
270.06
265.54
243.20

259.91
271.49
260.62
241.55

_
_
-

58

4.44

4.46

4.56

4.62

-

114.55

115.07

121.75

117.81

-

4

Eating and drinking places

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594

596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

30.2
28.4
28.6
33.2
38.0
31.4

30.2
28.1
28.5
33.3
39.3
32.0

30.4
28.1
29.8
32.5
38.3
31.4

29.8
27.2
28.6
32.6
38.3
31.1

36.0

36.2

35.7

35.8

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

35.9
35.9

36.1
36.1

35.5
35.5

35.6
35.6

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
614

36.2
35.7
36.4

36.4
35.7
36.7

36.2
35.8
36.0

36.3
35.8
36.2

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.1
36.7
37.9
37.0

37.1
36.8
37.9
37.0

36.8
36.5
37.6
36.6

37.0
36.7
37.7
36.8

32.4

32.5

32.8

32.5

612

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

31.1

31.1

32.1

31.3

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

33.9
28.9

34.5
29.5

34.2
29.9

34.0
30.1

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.0
36.7
28.2
37.5

33.5
36.6
28.7
37.3

33.9
36.5
29.5
37.7

33.5
36.7
29.4
37.7

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive repair shops

75
753

36.4
37.9

36.7
38.4

37.0
38.0

36.9
38.3

Miscellaneous repair services

76

37.7

37.9

38.5

38.1

Motion pictures

78
781

29.5
38.0

29.8
37.5

28.9
36.2

27.8
35.6

79

28.3

28.0

30.2

27.9

80
801
802
805
806

32.5
30.8
28.3
32.0
34.3

32.3
30.9
28.5
31.4
34.0

32.4
31.2
28.2
31.4
34.1

32.4
31.1
28.3
31.7
34.0

81

34.4

34.5

34.4

34.5

89
891
893

38.2
39.2
36.8

38.3
39.6
36.8

37.9
39.1
36.1

38.0
39.3
36.2

Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.

96




Average overtime hours
Oct.
1988P

36.0

32.6

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

$193.28
169.55
170.74
242.03
338.58
205.98

$192.68
166.63
169.01
238.43
358.81
210.56

$198.82
173.94
181.48
242.45
348.53
211.32

$197.87
171.36
177.89
242.54
349.68
211.79

$6.40
5.97
5.97
7.29
8.91
6.56

$6.38
5.93
5.93
7.16
9.13
6.58

$6.54
6.19
6.09
7.46
9.10
6.73

$6.64
6.30
6.22
7.44
9.13
6.81

8.73

8.76

9.04

9.13

$9.27 314.28

317.11

322.73

326.85

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

7.52
7.27

7.56
7.32

7.81
7.52

7.84
7.55

269.97
260.99

272.92
264.25

277.26
266.96

279.10
268.78

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

7.94
7.49
7.45

7.98
7.54
7.45

8.29
7.72
7.79

8.34
7.81
7.79

287.43
267.39
271.18

290.47
269.18
273.42

300.10
276.38
280.44

302.74
279.60
282.00

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

9.57
8.99
9.43
10.03

9.63
9.01
9.47
10.11

10.23
9.70
9.82
10.77

10.28
9.74
9.91
10.83

355.05
329.93
357.40
371.11

357.27
331.57
358.91
374.07

376.46
354.05
369.23
394.18

380.36
357.46
373.61
398.54

8.54

8.61

8.79

8.98

9.09 276.70

279.83

288.31

291.85

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.20

6.26

6.22

6.44

192.82

194.69

199.66

201.57

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.25
6.46

6.21
6.38

6.35
6.78

6.35
6.79

211.88
186.69

214.25
188.21

217.17
202.72

215.90
204.38

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

8.82
12.06
6.78
12.32

8.81
12.09
6.73
12.42

9.10
12.40
6.87
12.75

9.21
12.57
6.88
12.87

291.06
442.60
191.20
462.00

295.14
442.49
193.15
463.27

308.49
452.60
202.67
480.68

308.54
461.32
202.27
485.20

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

7.86
8.44

7.89
8.52

8.24
8.89

8.32
8.94

286.10
319.88

289.56
327.17

304.88
337.82

307.01
342.40

76

9.29

9.33

9.55

9.61

351.16

354.54

367.68

366.14

78
781

11.99
16.33

12.43
16.74

11.01
15.40

11.86
15.71

353.71
620.54

370.41
627.75

318.19
557.48

329.71
559.28

79

6.81

7.22

6.59

7.36

192.72

202.16

199.02

205.34

80
801
802
805
806

8.81
8.49
8.52
6.09
10.00

8.84
8.50
8.53
6.08
10.04

9.26
8.79
8.94
6.38
10.54

9.37
8.91
8.97
6.45
10.69

286.33
261.49
241.12
194.88
343.00

285.53
262.65
243.11
190.91
341.36

300.02
274.25
252.11
200.33
359.41

303.59
277.10
253.85
204.47
363.46

81

11.95

12.07

12.68

12.77

411.08

416.42

436.19

440.57

89
891
893

12.17
13.01
10.45

12.23
13.05
10.49

12.55
13.16
11.04

12.74
13.41
11.09

464.89
509.99
384.56

468.41
516.78
386.03

475.65
514.56
398.54

484.12
527.01
401.46

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Oct.
1988P

$333.72

296.33

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

97

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aug.
1987

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Aug.
1987

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$13.76

$13.77

$14.20

$14.36

$13.06

$13.15

$13.63

$13.53

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.44

14.43

14.69

14.82

13.37

13.46

14.01

13.88

= preliminary.

98




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

$9.53

$9.48

$9.66

$9.75

$9.76

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.02
8.09
7.45
9.78
11.46
9.55
10.26
9.58
12.41
9.41
7.53

9.99
8.04
7.41
9.63
11.30
9.57
10.27
9.55
12.41
9.41
7.48

10.16
8.18
7.73
9.85
11.37
9.73
10.42
9.77
12.59
9.58
7.69

10.25
8.29
7.76
9.91
11.49
9.79
10.48
9.78
12.74
9.59
7.73

10.26

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

8.86
8.45
12.92
6.86
5.84
10.89
10.02
11.96
13.90
8.57
5.96

8.78
8.43
12.65
6.87
5.81
10.78
9.96
11.92
13.81
8.49
5.92

8.98
8.53
14.38
7.02
5.93
11.00
10.13
12.05
14.02
8.70
6.06

9.04
8.59
13.64
7.05
6.03
11.01
10.22
12.13
14.18
8.71
6.13

$9.04

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




Oct.
1988 P

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are
subject to revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers'on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.05
4.84

$9.08
4.85

$9.24
4.78

$9.40
4.83

$9.45

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.50
6.69

12.42
6.63

12.62
6.53

12.76
6.56

$12.66

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.79
6.85

12.82
6.84

12.95
6.70

13.12
6.74

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.99
5.35

9.95
5.31

10.12
5.24

12.11
6.48

12.12
6.47

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.64
5.16

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Oct.
1988P

$314.04 $316.89 $323.40 $327.12 $329.81
168.12 169.19 167.30 168.10

528.75
283.06

532.82
284.47

530.04
274.21

537.20
276.05

$539.32

$13.12

466.84
249.91

497.42
265.57

499.87
258.60

503.81
258.90

$510.37

10.25
5.27

$10.25

407.59
218.20

410.94
219.40

412.90
213.61

423.33
217.54

$422.30

12.35
6.39

12.36
6.35

$12.42

474.71
254.13

477.53
254.95

490.30
253.65

486.98
250.25

$491.83

9.65
5.15

9.88
5.11

10.00
5.14

$10.10

366.32
196.10

369.60
197.33

375.44
194.23

381.00
195.79

$385.82

6.20
3.32

6.16
3.29

6.26
3.24

6.37
3.27

$6.39

182.90
97.91

179.26
95.71

186.55
96.51

184.73
94.93

$185.31

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.73
4.67

8.76
4.68

9.04
4.68

9.13
4.69

$9.27

314.28
168.24

317.11
169.31

322.73
166.96

326.85
167.96

$333.72

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.54
4.57

8.61
4.60

8.79
4.55

8.98
4.61

$9.09

276.70
148.13

279.83
149.40

288.31
149.15

291.85
149.97

$296.33

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

100




f)

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1987

1988

Industry
Oct.

Total private

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

34.9

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.9

34.7

34.7

34.9

34.6

34.7

34.8

41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.4
40.1
42.5
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
42.4
42.8
41.9
39.5

41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.7
40.2
42.4
43.5
43.8
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.3
42.9
41.4
39.2

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.4
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.9
41.5
41.4
41.2
39.2

41.1
3.9
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.6
42.0
43.4
44.0
41.8
42.7
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.8
39.1

41.0
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39.3

40.9
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2

41.2
3.9
42.0
4.2
40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.8
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.8
4.2
40.1
39.5
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.5
39.7
42.1
43.4
44.0
41.7
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
39.2

41.0
3.9
41.6
4.1
40.0
39.0
42.1
43.5
44.0
41.8
42.4
40.8
42.7
43.6
41.5
39.2

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.0
39.9
39.5
42.4
44.0
44.6
42.0
42.7
41.1
43.4
44.7
41.5
39.2

41.1
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.4
39.5
42.4
44.1
44.8
41.8
42.7
40.9
43.4
44.3
41.7
39.0

40.4
3.8
40.4

40.3
3.7
40.4
(2)
41.6
37.1
43.5
38.0
42.5
(2)

40.3
3.7
40.5
2
()
41.5
37.1
43.3
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6
38.0

40.3
3.8
40.6

40.2
3.6
40.3
2
()
41.6
37.0
43.3
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6
37.8

40.1
3.6
40.1
2
()
41.2
37.0
43.2
38.1
42.5
(2)

40.3
3.6

40.0
3.6
40.1
2
()
40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0
(2)

40.1
3.6
40.3

40.2
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.1

40.1
3.6
40.4

40.2
3.7
40.2
(2)
41.1
37.2
43.3

40.1
3.7
40.3
2
()
40.9
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.1
(2)

39.1

38.8

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

(2)
41.8
37.3
43.6
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.8
38.8

41.8
38.3

39.1

Transportation and public utilities

39.3

39.2

38.2

38.2

29.2

29.2

32.6

32.6

38.0

Wholesale trade

28.8

Retail trade

(2)
41.5
36.8
43.4
38.1
42.5
2

()
41.7
38.0

39.5
38.1
29.0

38.2
29.1

41.7
37.9

38.1
29.0

40.1

(2)
41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
37.3

39.5
38.3
29.2

41.7
37.3
39.4
38.0
29.0

(2)
40.7
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.4
2

()
41.6

36.9
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)

41.6

(2)
41.1
36.8
43.2
38.0
42.1
2

38.1
42.2

()
41.5

(2)
41.6

36.9

37.0

37.6

37.5

39.3

39.5

39.3

39.3

37.9

38.2

37.8

38.1

29.1

29.3

29.0

28.9

32.5

32.7

32.4

32.6

41.4
37.3

39.5
38.1
29.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

32.5

32.6

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




32.7

32.4

32.7

32.5

32.7

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural

(1977 = 100)
1987

1988

Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Total private

122.5

122.8

122.5

123.0

123.9

123.6

125.1

124.4

125.4

126.4

125.5

126.0

126.9

Goods-producing

101.0

101.2

101.3

100.5

101.1

101.6

102.7

102.1

103.2

103.3

102.8

103.1

103.8

85.0

84.1

84.0

81.7

82.5

83.2

85.9

84.4

85.0

85.6

83.5

82.6

83.5

136.7

136.4

137.7

132.1

136.0

139.1

141.1

139.3

144.0

142.4

142.5

143.4

144.6

94.8

95.1

95.0

95.2

95.2

95.2

96.1

95.7

96.1

96.5

96.0

96.3

96.8

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

92.5
102.2
114.1
87.1
66.5
53.9
90.1
88.1
101.4
99.7
88.9
105.2
83.4

92.9
103.9
114.6
87.3
66.8
54.1
91.2
89.0
101.5
99.1
88.7
104.4
83.6

92.5
103.7
114.0
88.3
66.6
54.1
90.7
89.3
101.8
97.1
84.6
103.9
83.6

92.7
103.0
113.7
86.5
66.5
53.9
90.9
90.0
102.2
97.5
84.7
106.0
83.4

92.7
103.6
113.2
87.3
66.4
53.9
90.8
90.2
101.8
97.3
85.7
105.0
84.8

92.7
103.1
112.3
87.5
66.9
54.1
90.8
90.4
101.9
96.8
84.8
105.2
84.5

94.0
104.7
113.2
88.3
67.6
54.8
91.8
91.5
102.8
100.0
89.8
106.5
85.0

93.9
103.2
113.7
87.5
68.1
54.6
92.1
91.6
102.3
100.2
89.9
106.1
83.9

94.3
103.8
113.4
88.1
68.6
55.4
92.8
91.6
103.0
100.0
90.3
106.6
84.5

94.8
103.9
115.1
88.0
69.0
55.3
92.7
93.7
103.1
99.7
88.2
108.2
85.1

94.2
102.3
112.0
87.5
68.7
54.8
92.6
92.6
102.8
99.9
90.9
107.7
84.2

94.7
101.6
114.0
87.7
69.8
55.0
93.2
93.2
103.5
100.2
91.8
108.0
84.2

95.3
104.3
114.5
88.3
70.5
55.8
93.5
94.2
103.1
100.7
92.0
109.0
83.8

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

98.3
100.3
71.7
82.9
86.3
101.7
133.0
96.2
85.1
118.7

98.5
100.9
73.8
82.7
86.1
101.4
133.4
96.7
85.3
119.6

98.7
101.3
76.4
82.5
85.9
101.2
133.7
97.4
86.3
120.1

99.0
102.2
77.2
82.5
85.1
101.6
134.9
97.4
86.3
120.9

99.0
101.7
75.8
82.7
85.5
101.5
135.5
97.1
84.5
121.0

98.8
100.9
74.8
81.7
85.7
101.3
136.0
97.9
83.5
121.8

99.1
101.0
73.8
82.2
86.2
101.4
136.5
97.1
84.9
122.9

98.4
100.5
71.0
80.6
84.7
101.5
134.9
97.4
85.3
123.1

98.9
101.4
71.4
80.2
84.8
101.7
136.4
98.8
86.8
123.4

99.1
100.6
73.7
81.2
84.7
101.9
136.6
98.7
86.6
124.8

98.7
100.2
72.0
79.9
83.9
101.9
137.0
98.7
86.6
124.2

98.7
99.9
68.6
80.3
84.6
101.4
137.5
98.6
85.7
123.9

99.0
102.2
67.2
80.2
83.8
101.7
137.3
98.7
86.5
124.2

58.2

57.5

57.0

57.5

57.2

56.9

55.5

55.5

54.9

55.5

56.0

56.3

55.5

134.3

134.7

134.2

135.5

136.4

135.8

137.4

136.8

137.8

139.1

138.1

138.7

139.6

110.9

111.0

111.0

112.6

111.8

111.2

113.5

113.5

113.8

114.7

114.5

114.5

115.3

120.7

121.3

121.3

122.2

123.1

123.6

124.8

124.4

124.9

126.3

125.4

126.9

127.2

123.5

123.8

122.2

124.0

125.2

124.8

126.0

125.1

126.2

127.3

126.2

125.6

126.7

141.1

141.3

139.6

141.3

141.6

139.6

141.1

140.1

140.1

142.1

140.0

140.6

141.2

154.8

155.3

155.6

156.5

158.0

157.2

159.0

158.3

160.0

161.5

160.7

161.9

163.2

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

102




Oct.p

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1988

1987
Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.p

Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977=100)
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

174.9

175.6

175.7

176.6

176.7

177.0

(3)
155.2
176.1
177.5
(3)

(3)
156.5
176.4
177.6
(3)

(3)

155.4
176.6
178.2

(3)
183.9

(3)
184.9

(3)
162.7
(3)
185.2

(3)
157.6
176.8
178.3
(3)
163.4
(3)

(3)
156.8
177.0
179.1
(3)
163.4
(3)

186.3

(3)
157.5
177.3
179.4
(3)
163.8
(3)
186.9

93.5

93.8

93.7

93.8

93.7

93.5

$9.07

$9.10

$9.11

$9.14

162.1

162.4

186.5

178.0

178.7

178.6

179.3

179.5

180.2

181.6

(3)

(3)
157.5
178.4
181.6
(3)
165.4
(3)

189.9

(3)
157.8
178.8
181.0
(3)
165.7
(3)
189.4

(3)
158.8
178.8
181.5
(3)
166.8
(3)
190.8

(3)
158.6
179.3
181.9
(3)
166.7
(3)
190.9

(3)
159.2
180.0
181.3
(3)
167.0
(3)
191.9

(3)
159.0
180.5
182.9
(3)
168.6
(3)
194.6

93.6

93.2

93.2

92.9

92.9

157.8
177.9
180.6
(3)
164.8
(3)
188.3

93.6

Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

()
$12.72 $12.81 $12.74 $12.91
9.99
10.00 10.01 10.02
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.16
9.70
9.71
9.75
9.69
6.19
6.16
6.17
6.20
8.84
8.82
8.89
8.92
8.67
8.60
8.72
8.65

$9.13 $9.16 $9.23 $9.27
$9.27 $9.32
$9.32 $9.37
$9.44
()
()
$12.82 $12.90 $12.93 $12.91 $12.93 $13.03 $12.99 $13.03 $13.02
10.17
10.20
10.26
10.29
10.05
10.11
10.15
10.18
10.03
12.37
12.39 12.32 12.42
12.21
12.29
12.35
12.33
12.19
9.97
9.93 10.00 10.15
9.76
9.88
9.88
9.86
9.72
6.29
6.32
6.34
6.38
6.20
6.22
6.25
6.33
6.28
9.00
8.91
9.09
9.17
9.34
8.90
8.99
9.10
9.08
8.86
8.72
8.93
8.99
8.75
8.92
9.08
8.81
8.88
Average weekly earnings

Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 .

316.54 316.68 315.21 317.16 317.72 316.94 322.13 321.67 321.67 325.27 322.47 325.14 328.51
169.27 169.08 168.02 168.43 168.46 167.43 169.36 168.41 167.89 169.06 166.82 167.68

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical




Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision. Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index series will no longer
be published in Employment and Earnings. For further information, see
"Employment Cost Index Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index," Monthly
Labor Review, July 1988, pp. 32-35.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Aug.
1988

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.9
41.0
42.9

41.5
41.8
40.7

41.6
41.8
40.4

$8.85
9.06
10.34

$8.96
9.01
10.64

Alaska

40.2

46.4

38.3

12.36

Arizona

40.2

40.9

41.0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.4
41.0
40.5
40.8
43.2

41.0
41.2
40.8
41.4
42.3

41.6
43.5
40.8
41.2
42.7

7.92
7.06
8.47
8.56
10.91

California

39.9

V)

10.88

Colorado
Denver

39.9
40.4

39.8
40.0

39.9
39.9

Connecticut

41.7
41.4
41.9
40.1
42.2
41.6

41.2
39.8
41.2
40.3
40.4
43.3

Delaware
Wilmington

39.8
40.0

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

$9.07
9.17
10.69

$370.82
371.46
443.59

$371.84
376.62
433.05

$377.31
383.31
431.88

10.93

12.66

496.87

507.15

484.88

9.93

10.01

401.60

406.14

410.41

8.06
7.21
8.68
8.52
10.41

8.07
7.23
8.68
8.57
10.54

327.89
289.46
343.04
349.25
471.31

330.46
297.05
354.14
352.73
440.34

335.72
314.51
354.14
353.08
450.06

O

434.11

0

10.23
10.43

10.42
11.04

10.49
11.05

408.18
421.37

414.72
441.60

418.55
440.90

42.0
41.8
42.6
41.6
39.2
44.2

10.59
10.90
10.69
10.10
11.19
9.08

10.65
11.16
11.25
10.17
12.50
9.83

10.73
11.20
11.45
10.30
12.19
10.00

441.60
451.26
447.91
405.01
472.22
377.73

438.78
444.17
463.50
409.85
505.00
425.64

450.66
468.16
487.77
428.48
477.85
442.00

39.7
40.7

39.9
40.8

10.68
12.92

10.69
13.77

10.31
13.23

425.06
516.80

424.39
560.44

411.37
539.78

39.0

39.9

42.6

10.93

11.15

10.53

426.27

444.89

448.58

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

40.0
41.6
41.3
36.7
40.2
43.3
39.7
40.3

40.6
41.5
40.8
39.2
39.3
42.7
41.0
39.9

40.8
41.6
41.2
39.5
39.7
42.0
40.3
40.3

8.25
8.13
8.83
7.17
8.58
10.58
7.68
8.99

8.46
8.36
8.99
7.34
9.07
10.63
8.19
9.04

8.53
8.54
9.18
7.32
9.20
10.61
8.35
9.06

330.00
338.21
364.68
263.14
344.92
458.11
304.90
362.30

343.48
346.94
366.79
287.73
356.45
453.90
335.79
360.70

348.02
355.26
378.22
289.14
365.24
445.62
336.51
365.12

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.3
41.4
46.7

41.2
40.4
48.1

41.5
41.5
48.2

8.67
10.21
11.15

8.60
10.13
11.31

8.62
10.09
11.29

358.07
422.69
520.71

354.32
409.25
544.01

357.73
418.74
544.18

Hawaii

39.7
39.4

40.5
40.7

39.8
39.4

9.46
9.68

9.71
9.85

9.67
9.80

375.56
381.39

393.26
400.90

384.87
386.12

38.8

36.8

36.7

9.57

9.87

10.09

371.32

363.22

370.30

41.6
42.4
40.6
40.7
41.9
40.2
42.2
40.8
40.4
45.4
40.7
41.9

41.5
41.6
38.4
39.1
42.0
39.1
42.1
41.3
40.5
44.4
42.4
43.9

41.6
41.5
38.7
40.4
42.3
38.8
41.3
41.2
41.1
47.8
43.0
44.4

10.86
10.83
11.08
9.31
10.66
12.52
14.09
11.81
11.06
13.23
11.35
12.04

11.10
10.64
11.55
9.16
10.79
12.87
14.34
12.00
11.46
13.24
11.28
12.06

11.09
10.71
11.38
9.33
10.81
12.71
14.20
12.07
11.63
12.76
11.39
12.05

451.78
459.19
449.85
378.92
446.65
503.30
594.60
481.85
446.82
600.64
461.95
504.48

460.65
442.62
443.52
358.16
453.18
503.22
603.71
495.60
464.13
587.86
478.27
529.43

461.34
444.47
440.41
376.93
457.26
493.15
586.46
497.28
477.99
609.93
489.77
535.02

41.5

41.6

42.0

11.07

11.32

11.50

459.41

470.91

483.00

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988?

Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.

104




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.1
41.5
41.9
40.8
38.2

41.3
39.3
41.7
41.4
34.7

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.3
44.1
40.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

41.8
41.4
41.0
41.6
32.1

$10.84
12.24
12.26
12.50
8.41

$10.54
12.16
11.77
11.48
8.25

40.8
42.8
41.2

41.1
40.1
41.0

10.01
11.65
10.97

40.9
39.0
43.2

40.3
39.8
41.5

40.5
39.5
41.7

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

41.8
43.8
39.9
40.8

42.4
42.5
40.7
42.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

41.5
38.9
41.6

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

$10.67
12.38
11.55
11.65
8.80

$445.52
507.96
513.69
510.00
321.26

$435.30
477.89
490.81
475.27
286.28

$446.01
512.53
473.55
484.64
282.48

10.20
11.66
10.82

10.31
11.87
10.79

403.40
513.77
446.48

416.16
499.05
445.78

423.74
475.99
442.39

10.17
10.34
11.73

10.18
10.25
11.81

10.22
10.15
11.79

415.95
403.26
506.74

410.25
407.95
490.12

413.91
400.93
491.64

42.4
43.0
40.5
41.7

11.17
12.89
10.72
11.53

10.97
12.92
10.54
11.75

11.01
13.19
10.78
11.43

466.91
564.58
427.73
470.42

465.13
549.10
428.98
494.68

466.82
567.17
436.59
476.63

39.9
37.3
40.6

40.8
39.1
42.1

8.86
7.63
9.10

8.97
8.28
9.50

9.16
8.23
9.48

367.69
296.81
378.56

357.90
308.84
385.70

373.73
321.79
399.11

41.0
41.9

41.3
42.3

41.5
42.3

10.27
11.08

10.39
11.10

10.57
11.15

421.07
464.25

429.11
469.53

438.66
471.65

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.8
40.4
42.1
40.5

41.1
41.4
42.7
40.1

41.6
41.6
42.9
40.6

9.97
10.84
9.31
10.05

10.21
10.94
9.80
10.39

10.38
11.09
9.94
10.49

406.78
437.94
391.95
407.03

419.63
452.92
418.46
416.64

431.81
461.34
426.43
425.89

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

40.9
44.8
43.2
42.3
37.0
39.5
41.5
41.6
40.4
40.9

42.4
46.1
41.2
43.3
42.8
40.5
42.3
38.1
40.7
42.6

43.8
47.2
43.2
44.8
44.0
41.7
43.0
43.9
41.1
44.2

13.02
13.91
13.68
13.99
15.55
11.18
11.92
13.13
12.17
14.50

13.20
14.68
14.30
14.28
16.78
11.23
12.38
13.82
12.08
14.84

13.43
14.63
14.88
14.53
16.83
11.44
12.80
14.70
12.06
15.34

532.52
623.17
590.98
591.78
575.35
441.61
494.68
546.21
491.67
593.05

559.68
676.75
589.16
618.32
718.18
454.81
523.67
526.54
491.66
632.18

588.23
690.54
642.82
650.94
740.52
477.05
550.40
645.33
495.67
678.03

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.9
38.0
41.0
38.7

41.4
38.1
41.3
37.8

41.4
38.8
41.5
39.6

10.41
10.93
11.21
9.90

10.43
11.01
11.23
9.88

10.58
10.86
11.33
10.06

425.77
415.34
459.61
383.13

431.80
419.48
463.80
373.46

438.01
421.37
470.20
398.38

Mississippi
Jackson

40.7
40.5

40.4
40.2

40.1
41.6

7.67
8.54

7.86
8.69

7.88
8.78

312.17
345.87

317.54
349.34

315.99
365.25

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

40.8
40.3
41.4
39.7

40.4
40.6
40.4
39.9

41.2
41.2
41.6
40.9

10.05
11.03
11.83
8.52

10.13
11.34
11.80
8.50

10.24
11.47
11.90
8.52

410.04
444.51
489.76
338.24

409.25
460.40
476.72
339.15

421.89
472.56
495.04
348.47

Montana

38.5

38.1

37.8

10.63

10.48

10.76

409.26

399.29

406.73

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

40.8
41.1
40.4

40.8
39.9
41.3

40.6
40.3
41.1

9.34
10.22
10.03

9.49
10.02
10.29

9.63
10.01
10.35

381.07
420.04
405.21

387.19
399.80
424.98

390.98
403.40
425.39

Nevada
Las Vegas

39.7
39.8

39.8
40.2

39.4
40.6

10.09
12.90

10.21
12.70

10.20
12.64

400.57
513.42

406.36
510.54

401.88
513.18

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

40.1
40.6
40.1

39.8
39.7
39.6

40.1
40.5
41.3

9.54
11.52
9.12

9.72
11.90
9.27

9.78
12.15
9.16

382.55
467.71
365.71

386.86
472.43
367.09

392.18
492.08
378.31

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

New Jersey

41.0

40.7

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.7
39.5

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

41.0

$10.49

$10.84

39.2
39.6

39.8
38.9

9.04
9.12

39.4
39.2
41.0
41.1
40.8
39.5
36.8
36.5
41.2
37.6
40.6
41.1
38.7
40.9
41.0
38.7

39.6
39.7
39.7
43.6
40.8
39.2
37.0
36.9
41.1
38.5
41.1
43.6
35.4
40.8
41.1
39.1

39.9
40.4
40.9
43.7
42.2
40.2
36.7
36.4
41.7
38.7
41.5
43.7
35.0
41.4
41.8
39.9

10.18
10.75
9.25
12.03

9.45
12.96
8.09
9.69
12.07
10.60
11.52
9.55
10.89

8.27
9.97
12.29
10.88
12.15

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

41.1
42.1
41.7
40.7
41.4

40.5
41.1
40.6
40.1
42.0

40.8
41.4
40.7
40.2
42.5

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

38.6
38.3

39.4
40.2

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.6
43.3
41.5
43.0
42.5
41.7
41.4
42.4
43.3

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
See footnotes at end of table.

106




Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

$10.87

$430.09

$441.19

$445.67

8.65
9.41

8.70
9.64

349.85
360.24

339.08
372.64

346.26
375.00

10.43
11.14
9.71
12.24
9.50
10.96
9.82

9.63
11.65

10.50
10.97
9.72
12.29
9.72
11.36
9.84
9.62
13.58
8.32
10.02
12.22
10.91
12.33
9.67
11.31

401.09
421.40
379.25
494.43
388.01
430.55
355.12
344.93
533.95
304.18
393.41
496.08
410.22
471.17
391.55
421.44

413.03
442.26
385.49
533.66
387.60
429.63
363.34
352.40
547.04
318.40
409.77
535.84
385.15
495.72
395.79
455.52

418.95
443.19
397.55
537.07
410.18
456.67
361.13
350.17
566.29
321.98
415.83
534.01
381.85
510.46
404.21
451.27

7.88
7.95
8.12
8.68
8.97

8.13
8.20
8.43
8.90
9.22

8.18
8.27
8.54
8.92
9.34

323.87
334.70
338.60
353.28
371.36

329.27
337.02
342.26
356.89
387.24

333.74
342.38
347.58
358.58
396.95

38.3
40.1

8.53
8.70

8.37
8.41

8.41
8.51

329.26
333.21

329.78
338.08

322.10
341.25

42.4
42.6
42.1
42.4
42.7
40.8
42.2
42.5
41.6

43.4
43.6
43.1
43.1
43.3
41.5
43.7
43.4
43.6

11.74
11.28
11.30
10.97
11.46
11.46
11.78
12.72
13.43

11.91
11.28
11.27
11.23
11.79
11.56
12.38
12.94
13.40

12.06
11.41
11.45
11.29
11.89
11.62
12.68
12.93
13.62

500.12
488.42
468.95
471.71
487.05
477.88
487.69
539.33
581.52

504.98
480.53
474.47
476.15
503.43
471.65
522.44
549.95
557.44

523.40
497.48
493.50
486.60
514.84
482.23
554.12
561.16
593.83

41.0
40.7
42.2

40.7
40:8
40.5

41.2
42.1
41.7

10.37
11.34
11.02

10.39
11.63
10.79

10.40
11.65
10.70

425.17
461.54
465.04

422.87
474.50
437.00

428.48
490.47
446.19

38.1
37.1
38.8
36.9

38.5
37.2
39.5
37.1

39.6
37.5
39.8
39.8

10.65
10.86
10.93
8.59

10.48
10.65
10.80
8.08

10.56
10.54
10.92
8.31

405.77
402.91
424.08
316.97

403.48
396.18
426.60
299.77

418.18
395.25
434.62
330.74

9.51
10.90
9.65

9.55
13.31

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

41.4
40.3
40.3
41.8
43.4
40.5
39.5
41.4
40.7
42.9
41.6
39.7
41.3
42.9

$10.10
10.53
8.61
11.12
10.34
9.44
8.31
9.70
11.06
11.34
10.33
8.94
8.42
9.59

$10.25
10.39
8.68
10.70
10.37
9.71
8.42
10.16
11.32
11.32
10.67
8.99
8.93
9.82

39.3
39.6
39.3

39.7
39.7
39.6

8.29
7.77
8.25

41.5
41.1
40.6
41.4

41.2
41.0
41.6
41.3

41.7
41.3
41.5
41.7

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

40.9
40.6

41.7
44.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

40.8
40.3
43.9
40.7
41.9
41.7

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

40.8
40.1
39.9
40.4
41.9
39.9
39.0
39.8
40.5
41.8
41.1
39.3
41.3
42.1

40.9
39.9
40.4
40.9
42.7
39.7
39.4
40.8
40.0
41.8
40.4
39.2
41.6
42.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.0
40.0
39.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988"

$10.37
10.45
8.83
10.77
10.53
9.81
8.44
10.10
11.43
11.43
10.89
9.01
8.98
9.93

$412.08
422.25
343.54
449.25
433.25
376.66
324.09
386.06
447.93
474.01
424.56
351.34
347.75
403.74

$419.23
414.56
350.67
437.63
442.80
385.49
331.75
414.53
452.80
473.18
431.07
352.41
371.49
417.35

$429.32
421.14
355.85
450.19
457.00
397.31
333.38
418.14
465.20
490.35
453.02
357.70
370.87
426.00

8.50
8.13
8.44

8.55
8.16
8.47

331.60
310.80
329.18

334.05
321.95
331.69

339.44
323.95
335.41

8.12
9.04
7.92
8.03

8.33
9.26
8.43
8.26

8.38
9.23
8.51
8.29

336.98
371.54
321.55
332.44

343.20
379.66
350.69
341.14

349.45
381.20
353.16
345.69

43.1
43.8

7.82
7.68

8.06
8.15

8.06
8.08

319.84
311.81

336.10
361.86

347.39
353.90

41.3
42.1
43.0
40.7
43.0
40.7

41.5
42.4
43.5
40.7
43.1
41.5

8.90
8.27
9.37
9.15
8.75
10.51

8.95
8.23
9.34
9.09
8.82
10.27

9.00
8.32
9.48
8.93
8.94
10.34

363.12
333.28
411.34
372.41
366.63
438.27

369.64
346.48
401.62
369.96
379.26
417.99

373.50
352.77
412.38
363.45
385.31
429.11

41.5
41.2
41.2
44.1
39.7

41.8
41.6
41.8
43.5
39.8

41.7
42.0
42.1
42.8
39.6

9.94
9.96
10.00
11.26
7.52

9.97
9.89
10.65
11.37
7.62

10.01
9.98
10.77
11.33
7.55

412.51
410.35
412.00
496.57
298.54

416.75
411.42
445.17
494.60
303.28

417.42
419.16
453.42
484.92
298.98

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.0
41.1

40.8
41.3

41.2
41.1

9.98
10.01

9.98
9.89

10.03
9.94

399.20
411.41

407.18
408.46

413.24
408.53

Vermont
Burlington

39.8
40.6

41.8
40.8

42.2
41.3

9.35
10.02

9.45
10.13

9.70
10.40

372.13
406.81

395.01
413.30

409.34
429.52

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.8
41.7
41.5
44.2
43.2
39.5
42.5
43.0

40.8
42.4
42.1
40.7
40.9
39.8
43.2
40.7

41.3
44.4
41.1
41.8
41.5
40.2
42.6
42.4

9.30
7.79
7.46
8.52
8.71
10.00
11.98
9.06

9.42
7.72
7.72
8.60
8.93
10.66
11.96
8.86

9.42
7.59
7.84
8.49
8.90
10.82
11.94
9.46

388.74
324.84
309.59
376.58
376.27
395.00
509.15
389.58

384.34
327.33
325.01
350.02
365.24
424.27
516.67
360.60

389.05
337.00
322.22
354.88
369.35
434.96
508.64
401.10

Washington

39.1

39.7

40.0

11.75

11.61

11.72

459.43

460.92

468.80

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland...
Parkersburg-Marietta.
Wheeling

40.2
42.4
38.1
41.9
41.1

41.1
42.7
39.5
41.1
40.0

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

41.3
42.7
41.9
40.8
36.1
41.6
39.8
41.6
41.0
39.6
43.1

Wyoming

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

41.3
41.7
39.9
41.2
40.6

$10.80
13.53
12.92
12.50
12.41

$10.85
13.51
12.07
12.29
11.64

41.3
42.1
40.5
42.6
39.3
39.7
39.2
43.3
40.9
38.8
42.3

41.9
43.0
41.4
42.8
40.2
40.0
40.9
44.3
42.0
39.8
43.0

10.56
10.88
10.75
11.43
12.06
12.96
9.13
9.76
11.73
11.01
10.12

39.0

38.6

37.7

9.92

Puerto Rico

39.0

39.0

39.2

5.41

Virgin Islands

42.4

39.2

40.7

9.76

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p

108




Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

$10.99
13.70
12.05
12.61
11.85

$434.16
573.67
492.25
523.75
510.05

$445.94
576.88
476.77
505.12
465.60

$453.89
571.29
480.80
519.53
481.11

10.40
11.08
10.56
11.11
12.35
12.15
8.96
9.83
11.49
10.78
9.94

10.57
11.23
10.46
11.60
12.27
12.58
8.92
9.85
11.50
10.85
10.02

436.13
464.58
450.43
466.34
435.37
539.14
363.37
406.02
480.93
436.00
436.17

429.52
466.47
427.68
473.29
485.36
482.36
351.23
425.64
469.94
418.26
420.46

442.88
482.89
433.04
496.48
493.25
503.20
364.83
436.36
483.00
431.83
430.86

9.91

10.16

386.88

382.53

383.03

5.55

5.58

210.99

216.45

218.74

9.68

9.79

413.82

379.46

398.45

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987
benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December
1986 benchmarks.

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total

Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Oct. 1987
to
Oct. 1988P

Aug. 1988
to
Sept. 1988r

Sept. 1988
to
Oct. 1988P

199,852

3.7

0.3

0.8

163,025

164,529

3.7

1,625
10,502
41,615
24,846
16,769
11,491
12,192
29,101
12,428
43,704

1,611
10,438
41,752
24,954
16,798
11,483
12,307
28,998
12,473
43,964

1,628
10,702
41,955
25,120
16,835
11,591
12,382
29,300
12,559
44,413

-1.6
6.1
2.1
2.7
1.2
3.8
4.9
3.0
1.1
5.9

1.1
2.5
.5
.7
.2
.9
.6
1.0
.7
1.0

34,945

35,192

35,323

3.5

.4

Aug.
1988r

Sept.
1988r

Oct.
1988P

197,603

198,217

162,658

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
=revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index

Annual average
Item

1987

1986
1986

1988

1987
IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Rea! compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

110.1
128.6
116.8
183.1
101.2
166.3
165.0
165.8

111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5

110.5
128.4
116.2
180.4
100.0
163.3
164.5
163.7

110.4
128.2
116.1
182.0
101.2
164.9
165.2
165.0

110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.7
167.3
166.6
167.0

109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.2
169.6
163.7
167.5

109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.5
170.5
165.6
168.7

110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.2
170.8
168.7
170.1

111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.4
171.1
171.5
171.2

111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
102.0
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
102.1
173.5
170.0
172.3

111.8
138.8
124.1
198.1
102.1
177.1
170.4
174.7

112.1
139.5
124.5
200.9
102.3
179.2
171.4
176.5

108.2
128.2
118.5
182.3
100.8
168.6
166.4
167.8

109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5

108.6
128.1
117.9
179.8
99.6
165.5
166.1
165.7

108.4
127.8
117.9
181.2
100.7
167.1
166.6
167.0

108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0

107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.8
172.1
164.9
169.5

107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
101.0
172.9
167.2
170.9

108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.6
173.0
169.8
171.9

109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.8
173.3
173.0
173.2

109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0

110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.5
175.7
171.6
174.2

110.1
139.2
126.4
196.6
101.3
178.6
171.8
176.2

110.5
140.2
126.9
199.3
101.5
180.4
172.7
177.7

127.7
124.7
97.7
183.0
101.2
143.3

132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9
99.7
141.7

126.6
124.2
98.1
181.1
100.3
143.0

127.2
124.1
97.6
182.0
101.2
143.2

128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.5
143.4

128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8

130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.8
143.1

131.7
128.7
97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4

132.8
131.1
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0

133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
99.0
141.3

134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.4
142.1

135.5
136.9
101.1
192.1
99.0
141.8

136.9
139.1
101.6
194.3
99.0
141.9

133.5
130.8
98.0
181.9
100.6
136.3

138.5
136.0
98.2
185.2
98.8
133.7

132.2
130.5
98.7
180.3
99.9
136.4

132.6
130.0
98.0
180.8
100.5
136.3

133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0

135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.2
136.4

136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.2
135.3

138.1
134.2
97.2
184.4
98.8
133.5

139.1
136.5
98.2
185.3
98.3
133.2

140.0
139.9
99.9
186.2
97.9
133.0

141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.8
134.1

142.7
144.0
100.9
190.1
98.0
133.3

143.9
146.3
101.6
192.2
97.9
133.5

118.9
115.8
97.3
184.8
102.2
155.4

122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4

118.1
114.7
97.1
182.1
100.9
154.3

118.9
115.4
97.0
184.0
102.3
154.7

119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.8
156.0

119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.8
156.5

120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.9
156.4

122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.6
155.0

123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5

123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.9
155.8

123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.8
156.0

124.8
126.4
101.3
195.7
100.9
156.8

126.4
128.3
101.5
198.1
100.9
156.7

109.7
129.1
117.7
179.5
99.2
167.3
163.6
178.4
132.4
163.2

111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8

109.5
128.8
117.6
177.1
98.1
165.5
161.7
176.7
133.7
161.7

109.3
128.3
117.3
178.5
99.2
166.7
163.3
176.9
132.7
162.6

109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.6
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2

110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.1
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1

110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.1
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9

110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.7
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4

112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170.2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1

112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.1
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7

113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
99.0
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9

112.9
141.2
125.0
191.9
98.9
173.8
170.0
185.1
132.6
168.8

0
0
O
O
O1
()
O
O
O
O

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments ,
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
Not available.
= preliminary.

110




= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Same quarter, previous year

Previous quarter

Item
1987

1987

2.7
5.3
2.5
3.6

3.9
6.6

IV
1987

I
1988

1988r

1988P

1987

1987

IV
1987

I
1988

1988r

1988P

0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4

3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.3
.2
2.5

-3.4
2.4
6.0
4.8
.0
8.5
1.0
5.8

1.0
2.0
1.0
5.9
1.1
4.9
2.3
4.0

0.2
3.1
2.9
3.8
.0
3.6
2.1
3.1

1.5
4.5
3.0
3.9
-.3
2.3
2.9
2.5

1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6

2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1

1.1
5.0
3.9
4.8
.9
3.7
1.0
2.7

0.4
3.9
3.5
5.1

3.4
5.6
2.1
3.5
.1
.1
1.6
.6

-2.4
4.0
6.6
4.2
-.5
6.8
.7
4.7

1.3
2.8
1.5
5.4
.6
4.0
2.1
3.4

.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
-.1
3.5
1.9
3.0

1.5
4.7
3.2
3.7
-.4
2.2
2.9
2.5

1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.4
2.1
3.6
2.6

2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.5
1.6
2.6
1.9

1.4
5.6
4.1
4.6
.7
3.2
1.2
2.5

4.6
3.7
4.9
.7
4.1
-.2
2.6

3.7
5.8
2.0
3.0
-1.7
-.7

4.3
6.5
2.1
4.6
-.1
.3

3.6
3.7
.1

3.7
5.1
1.4
2.0

-2.1

3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7

-1.7

-1.8

3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7

2.8
6.4
3.4
3.2
-.7
.3

3.1
6.1
2.9
3.8
-.3
.7

3.8
4.5
.6
1.7
-2.4

3.7
6.1
2.3
1.1
-3.2
-2.5

3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4
-.9

3.3
7.3
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2

3.5
7.2
3.6
3.7
-.4
.2

3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3

2.0
4.9
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.1

2.3
4.3
1.9
3.8
-.3
1.4

3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.1
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2

1.8
5.9
4.1
4.1
.2
2.1
2.3
1.4
2.2
2.1

O
O
O
0
0
O
O
O

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

-1.2
.8

7.9
3.2

2.6
4.6
.8
.7
6.7
2.8

1.0

.9
4.7
.0
3.0

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

3.2
5.7
2.5
3.4
-1.4
.2
6.5
2.3

3.7
6.8
2.9
4.5
.6
.7
7.7
3.1

.9
5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8

5.5
4.9
-.6
.7
-4.0
-4.6

3.2
7.8
4.4
2.1

1.3
7.5
6.1
2.1

-1.7
-1.1

-1.5
.8

3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
2.0
2.2

4.4
2.8
-1.5
-1.0
-5.6
-5.1

2.9
7.0
4.0
2.0
-1.7
-.9

2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7

3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.6
3.2

3.8
7.7
3.8
1.4
-3.2
-2.3

3.7
6.6
2.8
4.4
-.4
.7

-1.7
-2.0

7.6
8.5
.8
3.8

3.8
9.0
5.1
2.4

-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2

-1.0
-3.6

-1.4
-1.3

-1.4
3.4

2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.5

3.2
2.7
-.5
5.2
.4
2.0

5.1
6.2
1.1
4.9
.1
-.2

2.9
4.4
1.5
3.1
-.7
.2

-1.5
-1.0

3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.9
-.5

3.1
6.1
2.9
2.9
-1.8
1.0
-.2
4.1
3.9
1.2

4.7
8.8
4.0
4.1
.3
-.2
-.6
.8
21.9
1.7

-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5

4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.4
-1.0

-1.6
3.0
4.7
4.2
-.6
5.3
5.9
3.7
.3
4.8

O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O

1.5
3.9
2.4
3.2
-.6
2.1
1.7
3.2
-2.2
1.7

2.3
5.6
3.2
3.3
-.9
1.1
.9
1.5
2.0
1.2

1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4
-1.0
1.9
1.8
2.2
-1.1
1.6

Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

2.3
-1.4
-1.2

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

4.1
3.3
-.8
2.0

-2.1

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

3.6
6.2
2.5
2.6

Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
1
p

Not available.
= preliminary.




-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3

o
o

'• = revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

Ill

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

1,903.0
450.8
132.0
214.3
137.8
70.2

1,881.6
451.7
133.4
208.5
134.8
69.1

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

1,878.8
449.4
134.4
206.3
134.1
70.2

134.6
28.2
6.1
19.5
8.6
3.9

Aug.
1988

132.5
26.5
6.8
17.1
8.3
3.7

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

125.5
25.2
6.5
17.8
8.0
3.7

7.1
6.3
4.6
9.1
6.3
5.5

7.0
5.9
5.1
8.2
6.2
5.4

6.7
5.6
4.8
8.6
6.0
5.3

Sept.
1988P

253.4

252.3

244.5

21.6

19.1

17.7

8.5

7.6

7.2

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,607.8
998.7
304.4

1,634.6
1,014.7
308.6

1,671.5
1,035.1
317.5

94.5
48.7
14.5

113.6
54.8
16.5

109.5
55.6
16.8

5.9
4.9
4.8

7.0
5.4
5.4

6.6
5.4
5.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,105.5
59.4
92.1
259.0
37.2

1,112.3
60.3
92.7
262.5
36.7

1,116.2
61.6
92.7
263.9
37.1

75.5
2.1
5.0
16.7
2.9

84.3
2.7
5.7
17.2
3.2

80.2
2.7
6.6
16.2
3.1

6.8
3.6
5.4
6.4
7.9

7.6
4.5
6.1
6.6
8.8

7.2
4.3
7.1
6.1
8.3

13,790.2
1,278.8
225.4
320.8
4,254.0
155.1
1,023.9
336.2
899.4
678.5
1,061.8
859.3
792.4
174.7
191.3
197.3
185.9

14,256.3
1,346.3
230.2
328.9
4,128.5
165.6
1,084.5
365.8
975.8
732.6
1,142.1
910.3
836.5
185.5
202.5
199.7
199.9

14,116.5
1,335.3
232.1
341.9
4,097.7
164.3
1,068.2
355.8
957.7
721.2
1,125.4
889.4
826.5
180.1
199.1
204.0
196.1

764.1
42.8
22.4
25.9
255.0
13.7
51.2
19.8
55.1
34.7
49.3
32.1
33.8
7.7
8.2
15.2
10.0

794.3
44.9
23.1
31.7
221.1
16.9
53.3
23.3
66.6
38.5
53.9
36.1
34.1
8.5
9.5
17.8
11.4

707.0
40.9
21.9
27.7
195.4
15.1
47.5
19.9
58.1
35.5
48.9
30.8
31.2
7.6
8.4
15.9
10.1

5.5
3.3
9.9
8.1
6.0
8.8
5.0
5.9
6.1
5.1
4.6
3.7
4.3
4.4
4.3
7.7
5.4

5.6
3.3
10.1
9.6
5.4
10.2
4.9
6.4
6.8
5.3
4.7
4.0
4.1
4.6
4.7
8.9
5.7

5.0
3.1
9.5
8.1
4.8
9.2
4.4
5.6
6.1
4.9
4.3
3.5
3.8
4.2
4.2
7.8
5.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,671.1
130.0
882.2

1,696.0
130.3
883.5

1,709.6
133.3
893.4

110.3
6.3
55.7

92.0
5.3
46.4

90.7
5.6
45.5

6.6
4.9
6.3

5.4
4.1
5.2

5.3
4.2
5.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,748.9
229.1
424.0
271.9
117.8
101.3

1,782.5
232.2
430.9
279.6
120.8
104.3

1,788.4
234.4
434.0
278.0
120.1
104.5

50.4
7.9
11.0
7.5
2.5
3.9

54.5
9.1
12.2
8.4
2.5
4.0

51.1
8.7
11.5
7.9
2.3
3.6

2.9
3.5
2.6
2.8
2.2
3.8

3.1
3.9
2.8
3.0
2.1
3.9

2.9
3.7
2.6
2.8
1.9
3.4

331.4
284.3

351.3
301.0

348.5
301.4

7.3
7.7

10.9
11.7

10.0
10.7

2.2
2.7

3.1
3.9

2.9
3.5

District of Columbia
Washington

332.1
2,123.0

355.0
2,255.8

339.7
2,223.5

19.2
63.8

17.6
65.8

16.5
64.5

5.8
3.0

5.0
2.9

4.9
2.9

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

5,905.1
145.7
614.7
131.7
450.8
177.4
920.7
562.4
152.2
117.3
124.9
961.0
397.8

6,235.0
156.1
659.6
144.3
486.6
191.4
943.9
599.5
155.8
126.0
130.2
1,003.6
420.8

6,119.4
152.0
644.7
142.6
478.4
185.5
929.6
587.4
155.3
122.4
128.7
984.8
415.0

310.7
6.2
25.4
4.9
22.8
9.1
51.6
25.5
8.8
4.3
4.5
44.7
23.7

314.1
6.9
25.7
5.4
25.3
8.3
50.3
25.5
8.4
4.4
4.8
45.0
23.8

309.7
6.6
25.4
5.8
25.8
8.1
49.1
27.0
10.2
4.3
4.5
43.8
22.3

5.3
4.2
4.1
3.7
5.1
5.1
5.6
4.5
5.8
3.7
3.6
4.7
6.0

5.0
4.4
3.9
3.8
5.2
4.3
5.3
4.3
5.4
3.5
3.7
4.5
5.6

5.1
4.3
3.9
4.1
5.4
4.4
5.3
4.6
6.6
3.5
3.5
4.5
5.4

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

112




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1987

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

181.6
3.2
82.8
10.9
6.5
6.1
6.8

5.1
4.3
4.5
5.5
5.7
4.8
5.6

6.2
4.2
5.5
6.1
6.3
5.3
6.7

5.7
4.2
5.4
6.0
6.4
4.6
6.0

15.4
10.0

14.9
9.9

3.7
3.4

3.0
2.6

2.9
2.6

28.9
4.9

25.8
3.5

20.6
3.0

6.0
4.7

5.3
3.3

4.2
2.9

5,818.5
179.9
66.9
86.9
3,214.6
180.2
57.3
193.2
280.0
154.3
145.6
109.3

357.9
8.2
2.3
3.1
183.2
11.6
4.7
13.1
10.4
9.9
11.9
4.8

402.4
9.3
3.5
3.5
205.3
14.0
5.0
14.3
12.1
10.7
10.6
5.8

312.8
7.4
2.7
2.7
164.2
11.0
3.9
10.6
9.3
8.3
8.1
4.6

6.1
4.6
3.4
3.5
5.7
6.4
8.0
6.6
3.8
6.4
8.0
4.4

6.7
5.1
5.2
4.1
6.2
7.6
8.5
7.3
4.3
6.8
7.0
4.9

5.4
4.1
4.1
3.1
5.1
6.1
6.8
5.5
3.3
5.4
5.5
4.2

2,845.7
58.4
59.4
98.4
144.9
204.6
256.4
688.3
65.0
58.7
129.6
57.1

2,861.0
59.8
63.3
98.2
145.9
205.3
255.1
686.5
70.1
61.9
132.3
59.4

151.3
3.4
2.0
4.1
9.2
10.0
19.7
31.8
2.2
3.5
6.3
3.2

131.2
3.0
1.7
3.5
7.1
8.3
14.3
30.1
1.5
3.0
6.0
2.9

131.5
3.1
1.7
3.0
7.4
8.1
13.9
29.1
1.7
3.5
6.3
3.0

5.5
5.6
3.3
4.4
6.5
5.1
7.7
4.8
3.3
5.9
4.9
5.4

4.6
5.2
2.9
3.5
4.9
4.1
5.6
4.4
2.3
5.1
4.6
5.0

4.6
5.2
2.8
3.1
5.0
4.0
5.4
4.2
2.4
5.6
4.8
5.1

1,435.9
93.0
222.3
44.4
59.4
68.1

1,475.6
95.5
232.2
43.8
61.0
66.9

1,495.1
95.8
233.3
45.4
61.2
70.0

61.1
4.1
8.2
2.0
2.8
4.3

59.8
3.3
8.6
2.0
2.9
3.3

52.9
2.8
7.7
1.8
2.5
3.0

4.3
4.4
3.7
4.5
4.8
6.2

4.1
3.4
3.7
4.5
4.8
4.9

3.5
2.9
3.3
3.9
4.0
4.2

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,278.1
90.1
252.5

1,277.0
92.7
254.3

1,281.7
90.5
251.0

52.9
3.9
10.6

53.3
3.9
11.9

52.5
4.0
11.0

4.1
4.3
4.2

4.2
4.2
4.7

4.1
4.4
4.4

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,679.4
180.4
495.1
44.7

1,695.2
183.9
513.2
44.1

1,706.1
185.7
514.2
44.2

126.2
8.2
30.0
4.1

117.2
8.1
28.2
3.2

107.4
7.1
25.6
3.0

7.5
4.5
6.1
9.3

6.9
4.4
5.5
7.4

6.3
3.8
5.0
6.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,936.5
61.1
263.7
71.1
98.3
69.1
601.0
166.9

1,924.4
61.1
263.2
69.0
98.7
67.8
603.1
164.3

1,928.4
60.9
266.1
68.8
98.2
68.6
598.6
164.7

200.3
5.2
23.2
9.0
10.6
6.1
55.4
15.8

193.5
5.8
24.1
6.5
9.1
6.5
53.3
15.9

186.5
5.4
23.3
6.5
8.7
6.4
52.4
15.4

10.3
8.5
8.8
12.6
10.8
8.8
9.2
9.4

10.1
9.5
9.2
9.5
9.2
9.6
8.8
9.7

9.7
8.8
8.8
9.4
8.8
9.3
8.7
9.3

606.6
41.2
128.2

619.3
41.1
129.6

604.6
41.3
128.3

19.3
1.6
2.3

16.1
1.3
1.8

13.0
1.1
1.6

3.2
3.9
1.8

2.6
3.3
1.4

2.2
2.6
1.3

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

3,069.7
70.6
1,449.4
178.5
100.4
128.8
110.5

3,197.0
73.1
1,518.1
184.2
101.9
132.1
114.4

3,190.2
74.6
1,520.4
183.0
101.4
131.5
113.8

157.4
3.0
65.5
9.8
5.7
6.2
6.2

197.3
3.1
84.3
11.1
6.5
7.0
7.6

Hawaii
Honolulu

513.4
381.1

519.7
387.5

509.4
378.1

18.9
13.0

Idaho
Boise City

483.4
104.3

485.4
106.4

487.9
106.1

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,845.8
176.8
66.8
87.4
3,220.3
180.3
58.3
198.3
274.0
154.7
149.2
109.6

5,961.8
182.5
67.1
85.5
3,300.2
184.1
58.8
196.8
283.7
158.2
150.3
117.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,773.1
59.8
59.2
93.4
142.0
197.3
254.6
660.6
67.2
59.3
128.7
59.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

See footnotes at end of table.




113

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Maryland
Baltimore

2,398.5
1,157.4

2,471.6
1,182.3

2,458.8
1,176.8

92.7
48.9

102.9
53.4

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,065.2
1,516.7
96.0
75.2
45.0
182.6
147.0
83.2
248.1
212.2

3,186.5
1,565.3
100.7
76.6
44.8
184.9
150.9
88.8
255.4
221.8

3,130.0
1,537.1
99.9
76.7
44.7
184.1
149.0
86.1
251.1
220.2

84.5
38.0
3.0
3.0
1.7
7.4
4.4
3.1
6.7
5.3

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,580.2
158.7
65.7
76.8
2,214.2
203.4
353.0
116.6
233.7
69.2
186.7

4,661.9
163.7
66.7
80.3
2,239.8
200.6
364.7
116.9
237.6
70.1
191.3

4,587.5
163.5
65.3
78.8
2,192.9
198.5
360.8
118.3
239.5
68.9
190.5

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,261.9
105.1
1,346.5
57.5
89.6

2,343.3
107.5
1,398.1
60.7
93.3

Mississippi
Jackson

1,144.7
199.1

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

102.9
54.1

3.9
4.2

4.2
4.5

4.2
4.6

98.7
42.8
3.7
3.5
2.0
7.4
5.4
3.8
8.0
6.5

94.1
41.1
3.4
3.3
1.8
7.8
5.2
3.5
7.6
5.8

2.8
2.5
3.1
4.0
3.8
4.0
3.0
3.8
2.7
2.5

3.1
2.7
3.7
4.6
4.4
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.1
2.9

3.0
2.7
3.5
4.3
4.0
4.2
3.5
4.0
3.0
2.6

333.8
6.0
5.1
4.9
166.8
22.7
19.2
5.9
14.9
6.2
13.4

325.3
6.2
4.2
4.7
169.3
29.9
17.0
5.2
12.4
5.1
11.2

304.6
5.9
4.0
4.9
150.5
25.5
16.4
5.5
12.2
5.5
11.7

7.3
3.8
7.7
6.4
7.5
11.2
5.4
5.1
6.4
9.0
7.2

7.0
3.8
6.3
5.8
7.6
14.9
4.7
4.4
5.2
7.2
5.9

6.6
3.6
6.1
6.2
6.9
12.9
4.5
4.7
5.1
8.0
6.2

2,329.9
106.5
1,380.3
60.1
94.8

95.4
7.4
51.7
1.8
4.0

84.8
5.7
45.8
1.4
3.7

80.3
5.3
43.9
1.4
3.7

4.2
7.0
3.8
3.1
4.5

3.6
5.3
3.3
2.3
3.9

3.4
5.0
3.2
2.4
3.9

1,137.3
200.2

1,137.7
201.1

97.5
12.2

89.0
10.8

82.9
10.2

8.5
6.1

7.8
5.4

7.3
5.1

2,588.2
835.9
1,278.0
122.0

2,605.4
835.2
1,285.0
124.2

2,618.8
827.2
1,276.1
126.3

142.1
42.6
79.0
5.1

146.5
41.3
83.6
5.2

143.0
41.3
76.1
5.4

5.5
5.1
6.2
4.1

5.6
4.9
6.5
4.2

5.5
5.0
6.0
4.3

Montana

405.0

401.6

390.5

22.9

23.0

18.5

5.6

5.7

4.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

818.0
122.9
320.4

818.1
122.4
326.1

818.5
123.7
326.7

33.3
4.0
14.6

26.1
2.9
12.3

26.3
3.1
11.8

4.1
3.3
4.5

3.2
2.3
3.8

3.2
2.5
3.6

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

563.6
326.3
140.0

586.6
338.6
143.1

590.1
342.2
143.3

30.8
19.3
6.4

29.4
19.1
5.9

26.8
17.3
5.2

5.5
5.9
4.6

5.0
5.6
4.2

4.5
5.1
3.6

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...

601.9
99.4
135.8

618.2
99.5
138.9

607.0
100.2
137.6

14.3
2.8
2.7

13.9
2.9
2.4

14.5
3.2
2.1

2.4
2.8
2.0

2.2
2.9
1.7

2.4
3.2
1.5

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

3,895.1
175.8
707.7
263.6
544.3
464.3
943.1
168.0

4,028.9
189.1
722.5
271.6
567.9
499.2
962.9
171.6

3,942.9
179.7
713.7
267.1
556.1
478.6
945.3
170.4

152.9
8.3
24.0
16.3
15.8
14.7
41.4
5.6

143.2
7.2
22.6
15.8
15.6
15.0
36.6
4.7

133.8
7.1
21.3
15.4
13.4
14.2
34.0
4.4

3.9
4.7
3.4
6.2
2.9
3.2
4.4
3.3

3.6
3.8
3.1
5.8
2.7
3.0
3.8
2.7

3.4
4.0
3.0
5.8
2.4
3.0
3.6
2.6

686.3
262.4
55.8
65.5

697.2
266.2
57.5
69.8

698.2
269.7
57.8
67.9

54.4
16.3
3.9
3.4

58.0
17.5
4.5
3.6

50.9
15.7
4.0
3.1

7.9
6.2
7.1
5.2

8.3
6.6
7.9
5.1

7.3
5.8
7.0
4.6

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

114




Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

353.2
14.0
4.2
20.7
1.5
47.4
181.2
161.2
4.7
3.4
16.8
12.2
5.5

4.4
4.0
3.9
5.6
4.0
3.7
4.3
4.5
3.9
2.8
4.6
6.4
4.7

4.2
3.4
3.3
4.8
3.4
3.4
4.6
5.0
3.7
2.4
3.6
4.1
4.0

4.2
3.4
3.4
4.6
3.6
3.4
4.7
5.0
3.5
2.6
3.4
3.9
4.0

101.4
2.1
18.0
13.7
8.9

103.2
2.1
19.4
14.0
9.2

3.5
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.6

3.0
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.2

3.1
2.4
3.0
2.7
2.3

10.9
1.5
2.1
.9

14.6
2.0
2.4
1.8

12.9
1.8
2.0
1.2

3.3
3.3
2.5
2.5

4.3
4.3
2.8
4.9

3.9
4.0
2.4
3.4

5,251.4
318.6
187.5
758.1
921.8
702.5
464.1
312.2
221.2

287.6
18.2
11.7
37.5
47.0
31.6
20.9
18.3
15.0

298.9
17.8
11.6
38.0
48.3
32.2
23.8
16.9
15.4

299.7
17.7
11.5
35.9
47.7
32.7
23.9
17.6
15.4

5.5
5.7
6.3
5.0
5.1
4.6
4.6
6.0
6.9

5.6
5.5
6.0
5.0
5.1
4.5
5.1
5.4
6.9

5.7
5.6
6.1
4.7
5.2
4.7
5.1
5.6
7.0

1,497.9
28.9
48.7
489.8
338.2

1,495.4
28.6
48.2
490.8
334.9

96.9
1.7
2.3
26.8
24.7

97.7
1.5
2.7
26.5
23.7

89.0
1.3
2.5
24.4
21.8

6.3
5.7
4.7
5.3
7.2

6.5
5.0
5.6
5.4
7.0

5.9
4.6
5.2
5.0
6.5

1,399.7
136.2
631.6
133.9

1,432.3
139.0
648.8
136.8

1,423.7
140.5
641.5
133.9

71.3
7.0
28.8
6.1

76.6
7.3
29.4
6.4

76.6
8.4
27.6
6.4

5.1
5.1
4.6
4.6

5.3
5.2
4.5
4.7

5.4
6.0
4.3
4.8

5,715.5
320.6
60.3
63.1
128.4
318.6
95.1
215.7
2,388.2
950.1
172.2
351.3
60.2
213.6

5,928.2
330.7
62.5
64.4
131.7
331.2
97.9
226.0
2,481.1
979.5
181.3
364.7
63.2
223.2

5,844.5
326.6
60.8
64.3
131.1
326.0
95.2
222.1
2,435.4
968.9
180.3
359.8
62.9
221.7

297.2
14.0
3.8
6.3
8.1
12.5
6.6
8.2
101.7
58.1
7.6
22.6
3.0
9.0

248.6
11.7
3.3
4.7
6.3
11.1
6.4
6.0
92.6
46.3
5.8
17.5
2.4
8.1

295.5
13.3
3.8
5.5
7.4
13.8
6.2
7.6
104.0
54.7
7.2
20.4
3.1
9.3

5.2
4.4
6.3
10.0
6.3
3.9
6.9
3.8
4.3
6.1
4.4
6.4
5.0
4.2

4.2
3.5
5.3
7.3
4.8
3.3
6.6
2.7
3.7
4.7
3.2
4.8
3.8
3.6

5.1
4.1
6.3
8.6
5.7
4.2
6.5
3.4
4.3
5.6
4.0
5.7
4.9
4.2

523.1
166.7
339.9

523.4
168.8
338.9

523.8
166.3
341.7

17.2
6.2
11.1

14.4
6.1
9.0

12.8
5.2
8.2

3.3
3.7
3.3

2.7
3.6
2.6

2.4
3.1
2.4

1,644.8
219.7
227.1
322.5

1,667.0
230.7
235.8
329.8

1,667.2
230.8
237.5
331.9

83.6
9.7
8.7
13.3

80.0
9.4
7.6
11.4

72.4
9.2
7.7
11.3

5.1
4.4
3.8
4.1

4.8
4.1
3.2
3.4

4.3
4.0
3.2
3.4

357.5
39.8
72.5

363.7
41.0
72.0

355.0
39.4
71.7

12.1
1.5
2.4

14.3
1.5
2.5

12.6
1.8
2.7

3.4
3.8
3.3

3.9
3.7
3.5

3.5
4.6
3.8

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988?

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,382.4
414.7
123.9
441.8
40.9
1,403.9
3,840.4
3,171.0
129.4
125.2
485.5
317.5
135.6

8,742.4
433.6
128.8
457.2
43.6
1,462.0
4,009.3
3,302.2
137.5
132.8
505.4
321.9
140.9

8,493.8
418.1
125.9
446.8
42.6
1,413.4
3,890.7
3,218.3
132.4
129.4
493.5
315.0
137.4

368.1
16.6
4.8
24.7
1.7
51.6
165.4
141.0
5.1
3.5
22.1
20.3
6.4

367.0
14.7
4.3
22.2
1.5
49.9
185.7
165.5
5.1
3.1
18.2
13.1
5.7

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,284.7
86.5
631.5
513.2
395.2

3,388.3
90.2
658.2
521.7
408.7

3,329.2
87.6
646.5
514.9
399.8

115.7
3.0
20.5
15.2
10.2

332.3
44.9
84.8
36.5

337.3
46.2
86.2
36.4

332.1
44.9
86.3
36.5

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,190.2
317.3
185.9
744.1
915.0
686.6
457.4
305.9
216.6

5,343.1
321.2
192.0
767.1
943.7
714.3
468.2
314.1
223.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,544.3
29.8
49.0
504.5
342.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Sept.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1987

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1987

See footnotes at end of table.




115

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,352.2
208.7
215.6
284.7
450.6
522.8

2,315.2
211.2
216.5
277.9
445.2
498.7

2,320.9
211.1
217.0
277.6
445.9
501.7

135.4
10.8
13.2
14.8
23.3
21.6

133.8
11.9
11.9
13.6
22.5
23.5

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,273.2
54.2
101.6
428.9
162.3
81.4
96.9
55.8
160.7

8,469.3
55.1
103.1
427.7
163.0
83.9
100.7
57.4
162.2
1,493.2
242.6

8,387.6
55.4
102.2
430.7
161.9
83.3

704.0
4.4
6.7
28.9

97.3
57.9

1,457.0
236.8
680.8
110.6
1,610.3

94.0
45.1

79.5

693.9
112.5
1,658.3
98.5
46.8

143.5
50.0
53.6
45.1

81.0
117.2
143.4
50.7
54.3
46.4

610.0

634.8

49.5
57.7

50.9
58.7
78.2
37.5
94.0

113.4

76.9
37.1
93.3
57.6

161.6
1,471.8

245.9
685.4
109.6
1,634.4

97.3
47.1
80.3
116.1

146.1
50.3
54.1
46.1
632.0
50.5
58.2
76.8

37.1
94.3

58.9

58.7

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988p

129.8
11.8
11.6
13.6
22.1
22.2

5.8
5.2
6.1
5.2
5.2
4.1

5.8
5.6
5.5
4.9
5.0
4.7

5.6
5.6
5.3
4.9
5.0
4.4

567.9
3.1
5.5
24.7

594.4
3.2
6.0

8.5
8.2
6.6
6.7

7.1
5.7
5.9
5.8

19.8
8.1

15.5
6.2

16.3
6.4

13.8
3.1
19.1
97.8
26.9

12.5
2.4

12.1
2.5

13.8
80.5
24.3
40.5
9.1
103.5
7.2
5.2
6.2
6.0
23.1
2.6
3.8
2.7
47.0
3.0
4.6
5.5
2.4
6.1
3.2

14.4
83.6
27.4
42.1
9.2
107.3
7.5
5.7
6.7

6.7
5.6
5.4
5.8
9.5
7.4
12.4
4.2
8.5
5.4

47.1
12.0
145.2
8.2
6.5
8.4
7.2
27.2
4.3
5.3
2.8
49.9
4.0
4.6

6.9
3.3
7.7
4.5

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988P

25.1

5.8
26.3
2.8

4.1
2.8
49.2
3.5
4.5
5.7
2.5
6.1
3.6

12.2
10.0
14.2
5.6
11.9
6.7
11.4
6.9
10.9
9.0
8.7
14.3

10.0
5.8
8.1
6.2
7.3
11.2
7.7
5.1

10.1
7.7
12.4
4.4
8.9
5.7

7.9

16.1
5.1
7.0
5.7
7.4
5.8
7.8
7.0
6.5
6.5
5.4

11.1
6.1
8.4
6.6
7.8
12.2
8.3
5.0
18.0
5.6
7.6
6.2
7.8
7.0
7.8
7.4
6.8
6.5
6.0

10.5
6.4

18.9
8.5
9.9
6.3
8.2
8.2
8.0
9.0
8.8
8.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

757.2
101.2
497.5

747.3
99.6
491.6

755.6
103.2
495.1

42.1
6.0

25.9

32.3
3.8
20.6

31.6
3.8
20.4

5.6
5.9
5.2

4.3
3.8
4.2

4.2
3.6
4.1

Vermont
Burlington

297.7
74.3

303.1
78.6

300.0
78.0

7.8
1.7

5.3
1.2

5.6
1.2

2.6
2.2

1.7
1.6

1.9
1.6

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,001.4
65.2

3,143.7

3,136.1
69.8
53.9
72.2
631.1
456.7

116.6
1.7

431.0
118.1

67.8
52.2
71.3
633.1
454.1
120.5

117.9
2.0
3.4
3.0
29.1
15.8
4.9

3.9
2.6
5.5
4.5
4.6
3.6
3.4

3.6
2.9
6.0
4.1
4.3
3.2
3.8

3.8
2.9
6.3
4.2
4.6
3.5
4.0

Washington
Seattle

2,285.5
1,004.7

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
1

120.4

27.9
15.5
4.0

114.3
2.0
3.2
2.9
27.2
14.3
4.6

2,297.0
1,031.8

2,289.9
1,022.0

153.3
58.3

135.0
47.6

125.4
44.4

6.7
5.8

5.9
4.6

5.5
4.3

738.6
116.0
125.2
70.4
70.4

734.1
115.4
124.3
70.8
70.6

723.4
114.5
124.3
69.2
69.2

65.0
9.3
10.7
4.9
4.9

64.1
9.1
9.5
4.6
4.7

61.7
8.8
9.0
4.4
5.0

8.8
8.1
8.5
7.0
7.0

8.7
7.9
7.6
6.5
6.7

8.5
7.7
7.2
6.4
7.2

2,493.8
165.3
69.3
105.8
70.2
57.4
53.3

2,585.1

89.5

2,592.4
175.0
75.3
111.2
74.3
55.5
57.3
227.4
770.5
89.2

61.8

61.6

113.2
7.4
3.1
5.1
4.3
2.9
1.9
6.4
32.8
4.9
2.7

95.0
5.3
2.5
3.7
3.0
3.8
1.9
5.0
27.1
4.0
2.2

88.1
5.7
2.3
3.9
2.6
2.0
1.8
5.5
25.8
3.3
2.0

4.5
4.5
4.5
4.8
6.1
5.1
3.6
3.0
4.4
5.7
4.6

3.7
3.0
3.4
3.4
4.1
7.1
3.4
2.2
3.5
4.4
3.6

3.4
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.1
2.4
3.3
3.7
3.3

236.1

232.6

15.1

10.9

11.4

6.3

4.6

4.9

50.9
71.8

601.5

214.7
737.3
85.9
58.3
240.0

173.4
73.4

111.0
73.1
53.6
56.4
223.2
768.8

Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1987 have been

116




2.8
3.3

benchmarked to 1987 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1988 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

118




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business', Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the emthey were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
States are also included in the employed total.
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Cur- worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
rent Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are inrepairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
terviewed to obtain information about the employment stareligious, charitable, and similar organizations.
tus of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenUnemployed persons are all civilians who had no employdar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
ment during the survey week, were available for work, exof the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
cept for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be clasare excluded from the population and labor force statistics
sified as unemployed.
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
(through the current survey week) during which persons clasforce," and "total employment." are obtained from the
sified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
Department of Defense.
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
more during which a person was employed or ceased lookinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
ing for work is considered to break the continuity of the
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reapresent period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
sons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
weeks of unemployment.
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
of
individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
reasons
for unemployment are divided into four major
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
groups.
(1)
Job losers are persons whose employment endcommon from one month to the next, and one-half to be comed
involuntarily
who immediately began looking for work,
mon with the same month a year earlier.
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are perThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
sons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
as follows:
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the suras an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
vey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemown business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
ployment rate for ail civilian workers.
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
119




specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

121

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in ' 'Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group ''sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Number of sample
areas

Households eligible
Interviewed

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ..
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births .
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




125

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966y Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Baiiar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic

Monthly level

Total (all civilian w o r k e r s ) . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers
Black workers
Married men, spouse p r e s e n t . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical . .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

128




Standard error of—

.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
-

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white

C\J

50 ..
100 .
500 . . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

Total or
white

17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

Black

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74
-

Tntsl or
Total or
white men Black men
Black,
16
to
white, 16 to
only, or
only, or
19 years
19 years
women only women only
12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
-

12
16
32
35
_

11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
-

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

129

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50..
100.
500...
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
1
2

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
-

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
_

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
-

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

//StandA 2 / StandA 2
/( ard
( ard
j
f \ error I + \ error J-2(?)
\
x/
\
y /

Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41
-

130




Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
-

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
_

14
19
37
39
-

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

9
12
27
39
55
11
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthlyi unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
_

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
-

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
-

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
,08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




131

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men o n l y . . . .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Characteristic
Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.

132




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 . .
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 . . .
1,000 .
1,500.
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
-

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
_

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
_

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
_

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
_

133

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over
the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134




Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

ent from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is differ-

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.

135

(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
136




Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees.

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

137

from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data
are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is

in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of
total employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Approximate size ancI coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19871

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1987
Industry

Total.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government .
1

Less than 0.05 percent.

138




Benchmark

Estimate

Percent
difference

100,427

100,462

(1)

696
4,531
18,810

718
4,599
18,897

-3.2
-1.5
-.5

5,274
5,763
17,902

5,275
5,725
17,737

(1)
.7
.9

6,443
23,754
17,254

6,478
23,723
17,310

-.5
.1
-.3

Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services....
Government:
Federal
State .
Local.

Number
of establishments
in sample

Employees
Number
reported

Percent of
total

246,256 37,530,000

37

3,434
22,567
49,214
11,820
21,802
44,982

265,000
808,000
9,522,000
2,377,000
956,000
3,509,000

38
18
51
45
17
20

17,699
54,782

2,140,000
5,495,000

33
23

(2)
4,795
15,161

2,916,000
3,298,000
6,244,000

100
81
61

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 4,600 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
1

Average
Relative
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours

error2
Average
hourly
earnings

0.2
.2
2.9
1.4
.8
.9
.8
.3
.8
.9
.3
.2
.5

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1983-87 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

\ / (standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000 .
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




1
2

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

139

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—

Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry

Monthly
level

Total .

89,600

89,100

Total private .

62,700

60,000

Goods-producing industries.

22,400

20,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,700
4,000

4,400
3,400

Construction
General building contractors.

14,800
5,000

15,700
5,200

Manufacturing .

19,200

19,300

14,400
2,300
1,700
1,600
4,700

12,700
2,100
1,700
1,600
4,700

3,600
2,500
6,000
5,100
8,100
7,000
2,000
1,900

3,400
2,300
7,300
5,100
7,400
7,000
2,200
1,800

8,900
5,600
1,600
1,800

8,500
5,700
1,500
1,700

4,700
1,600
2,200

4,100
1,400
2,100

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Industry

Month-to-month
change

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,700
1,200

2,900
1,100

1,600
1,800

1,700
1,700

86,300

85,700

15,500
17,800

13,900
17,300

6,800

6,400

9,400
6,100
5,400

8,200
5,500
4,600

40,700
23,900
6,900

36,100
21,400
6,200

3,300
10,900

3,200
10,300

8,400
4,000
3,800
4,800

7,500
3,900
3,100
3,800

Services
Business services.
Health services.

34,700
11,000
10,300

31,700
10,500
10,100

Government.
Federal.
State.
Local .

62,800
16,900
22,600
34,900

54,500
11,700
20,600
32,400

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate .

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1982 through December 1987.

140

Monthly
level

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are




published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and
may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The
report "Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in
11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts,
141

North Carolina, and Florida are sufficiently reliable to be
used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the
remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,600
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian
labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment
levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll
employment. This place-of-work estimate must be adjusted
to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for
adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been
developed for the several categories of employment on the
basis of employment relationships which existed at the time
of the 1980 decennial census. These factors are applied to
the payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added
estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (ui).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the
estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State Ui laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were
discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries
not covered by ui is derived by applying to the employment
estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national
historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into
the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the
experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force.
For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force

142




is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of
the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced
labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth."
3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied
at the State level to the ui-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the
ui-based estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6-month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State
UI laws, the structural limitations of the Ui-based estimating method, and errors in the UI data.
4. Sub state adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates
of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by
the Ui-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of
the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of
employment and unemployment add to the independent State
totals.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using ui-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS
estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for
which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the State-prepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to
the limitations of the 6-month moving averge adjustment
procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Ui-based estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark.
The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in
three stages. First the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages
for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original
series. Finally, the third-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which
CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these
seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated
by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes
in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that
seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average
method. It provides for "moving" adjustment factors to take
account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major
modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for
data from the household survey. First, the data are being
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA,
which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension
of the existing standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal
Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. The X-l 1 procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census
and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force
series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent
data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the X-l 1
method alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather
than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts,
revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.




All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components;
die total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment
by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following
year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-ll ARIMA
methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data,
which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal
Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the
multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates
are based on actual data through March 1988 and projected
data through March 1989. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used
in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June
1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these
series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally
adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted
average weekly hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings,
seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production
143

or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private service-producing, wholesale trade,
retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used
in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for
Federal Government employment are derived from unadjust-

144




ed data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number
of these workers was substantial, And at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of
the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the
seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several
years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point
where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment.
Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March 1988. Seasonal
adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear
in the June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
:hicago, IL 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI

GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
HI
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




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Charleston 25305
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