Full text of Employment and Earnings : May 2000

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Employment&Earn

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

May 2000
Vol. 47 No. 5

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010),
is published monthly and prepared in the Office of
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concerning the data in this publication, or their availability,
should be directed as follows:
Household data:
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National establishment data:
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State and area establishment data:
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Region, State, and area labor force data:
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment & Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Annual averages

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Minimum wage data

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages

May

Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
Information in this publication will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone
(202)691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott

Emptoyment^EaminQS
Editor
John F. Stinson Jr.
Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, April 2000
Revisions in State establishment-based employment estimates effective
January 2000
Summary tables and charts
Area definitions
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
6
172
182
220

Statistical tables

Source

Historical

Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Annual averages:
Establishment data, States and areas:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor force data:
Region
State
Area




Not
seasonally
adjusted

10

21

46

50
55

67
80
80

47

63

98
121

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area

Seasonally
adjusted

125
127

132
132

140
158
162
163
164

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date

8

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date

9

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

10
11
13
14

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

15
16

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

17
18
19
20
20

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

21
24
25
27
28

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

29
30
31
32
33
33
34
35
36

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

37
38
39
40
41
41
42
43

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

43

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




44

45

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

46
47

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

50
52
53

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

54

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

55

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

63
64
65
66

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

67

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

79

States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

80

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

98
118
119
120
121

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l, Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

125
127

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

132

iii

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

Page

182

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

182
183
183

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

184
184
184
186
186
188
190
190
191
191
192
192
192
193
193
193
193
194
194
194
194
195
195

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

202
202
202

209
209
209
212
212

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

216
216
216
216

Seasonal adjustment

217

Note on Temporary Census Workers
The hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000 affects current levels of Federal Government employment and
higher aggregates that include the Federal Government. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, and
262,000 in January, February, March, and April 2000, respectively. Preliminary employment estimates ("B" tables)
that include these workers may be subject to larger than normal revisions. For additional information, see "Counting
the counters: effects of Census 2000 on employment" in the February 2000 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.




205
205
205
205
205
205
206
207
207
208
208
208
208

IV

215
215
215
215
215
215
216

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, April 2000

E

mployment rose in April, and the unemployment rate
edged down to 3.9 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 340,000; this includes 73,000
temporary workers added to assist with the decennial census. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents in April and
by 3.8 percent over the year.

Unemployment
The unemployment rate, which has been below 4.2 percent
since October, edged down to 3.9 percent in April. This
is the first time the rate has been below 4.0 percent since
January 1970. The jobless rate for Hispanics decreased to
5.4 percent in April. The unemployment rates for the other
major worker groups—adult men (3.2 percent), adult women
(3.5 percent), teenagers (12.7 percent), whites (3.5 percent),
and blacks (7.2 percent)—were about unchanged over
the month. The number of unemployed persons was
5.5 million. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
The civilian labor force increased by 363,000 over the month
to 141.2 million. The labor force participation rate was
67.5 percent, little changed from March. (See table A-3.)
Total employment rose by 547,000 in April to 135.7 million. The employment-population ratio—the proportion
of the population age 16 and older with jobs—increased to
64.9 percent, a record high.
About 7.7 million workers (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in April, about the same as a year earlier.
These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of total
employment. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in April. These people
wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number
of discouraged workers was 330,000, up from 245,000 a year
earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See
table A-36.)




Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 340,000 in April to
131.1 million. This follows an increase of 458,000 (as revised) in March. Job gains in both months reflect, in part,
the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000—117,000
in March and 73,000 in April. Among private-sector industries, large job gains occurred in services and retail trade
in April, while construction employment declined. (See
table B-3.)
Employment in the services industry grew by 121,000 in
April, in line with its average monthly gain for the prior 12
months. Business services added 55,000 jobs in April,
following a similarly strong gain in March. Within business
services, help supply services added 46,000 jobs over the
month, bringing its total gain since January to 94,000.
Employment in computer services grew by 8,000; while still
adding jobs at a rapid pace, the industry has experienced
smaller employment gains since August 1999. Motion
pictures rebounded from losses in the prior 2 months by
adding 9,000 jobs. Employment also rose over the month in
amusement and recreation services and in hotels. Engineering and management services employment showed little
change in April.
Retail trade added 119,000 jobs in April. The largest
employment gains were in eating and drinking places
(80,000) and food stores (20,000). Eating and drinking places
had shown virtually no change in employment during the
first quarter of the year; employment in food stores has had
almost no growth for several years. Building materials and
garden supplies stores lost 8,000 jobs in April, following an
above-average gain in March. Employment in wholesale
trade was little changed in April.
Transportation added 27,000 jobs over the month, with
the largest increases in trucking and warehousing, local and
interurban transit, and transportation services. The gain of
10,000 jobs in trucking follows relatively weak growth in
the first quarter.
Finance, insurance, and real estate employment was up
by 7,000 in April. In finance, security brokerages added
8,000 jobs, while employment declines continued in mortgage brokerages. Since May 1999, mortgage brokerages have
lost 33,000 jobs. In April, employment in both insurance
and real estate was about unchanged.

Government added 107,000 jobs in April, largely due
to the hiring of an additional 73,000 temporary workers
by the Federal Government for Census 2000. Employment
in local education increased by 33,000 in April, after
seasonal adjustment, following little growth in the first
quarter.
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment
declined by 55,000 in April, seasonally adjusted, following
a substantial rise in March. Because the March survey reference period was relatively late in the month, some of the
spring hiring that usually occurs between March and April
was captured in March this year instead of April. Taking
March and April together, construction employment rose by
an average of 18,000 a month.
Manufacturing employment was up by 11,000 in April,
following a somewhat larger loss in March (after adjustment for the return of 15,000 workers from strike). In April,
the largest employment increase was in electrical equipment
(8,000), which has added 21,000 jobs thus far in 2000. Fabricated metals and food products each added 5,000 jobs in
April. Aircraft manufacturing employment continued on its
downward trend with the loss of 4,000 jobs.
Mining added 4,000 jobs, as employment in oil and gas
extraction continued to rise. Since its most recent low point

in August 1999, oil and gas employment has grown by
20,000.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour
in April to 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.4 hour to 42.1 hours. Manufacturing overtime rose by 0.3 hour to 4.9 hours. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls
increased by 0.5 percent to 151.5 (1982=100), seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by 1.1 percent to
107.2. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents in
April to $13.64, seasonally adjusted. Over the month,
average weekly earnings increased by 0.7 percent to $471.94.
Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8 percent
and average weekly earnings grew by 4.4 percent. (See
table B-11.)

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
With the release of May data in June, BLS will introduce revisions in the establishment-based series on
nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March
1999 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data since April 1998 and seasonally adjusted data
since January 1995 are subject to revision. Seasonal adjustment factors for March through October 2000 will
be available on the Internet at http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm on May 26, one week prior to the release of
the May estimates.
Concurrent with the release of the March 1999 benchmark revisions, BLS also will begin implementation
of a new probability-based sample design for the establishment survey. Only wholesale trade will incorporate
the new sample design with this release. Further information on these revisions is available by calling
(202)691-6555.




Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

May

June 2

August

September 1

June

July 7

September

October 6

July

August 4

October

November 3

Revisions in State Establishment-Based
Employment Estimates Effective
January 2000
Michele Eickman

W

ith the release of estimates for January 2000, nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings
data for States and areas (tables B-7, B-14, and
B-18) were revised to reflect the incorporation of March
1999 benchmarks, and the recomputation of seasonal
adjustment factors (State estimates). The revisions affected
all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward and the seasonally adjusted State estimates from January 1995 forward.
Detailed information on the effect of the benchmark on
the employment estimates was not available, however, at
the time the revisions were introduced. This article provides
some background on benchmarking methods, detailed
information on the effects of the March 1999 benchmark
revisions, and some historical perspective.

Benchmark methods
The Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment,
survey is a Federal/State cooperative program that provides
employment, hours, and earnings estimates for States and
areas on a timely basis by estimating the number of jobs in
the population from a sample of that population. As in other
sample surveys, estimates in the CES are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error is an unavoidable byproduct of forming an inference about a population based on a sample. The larger the sample is relative
to the population, the smaller the sampling error. The sampleto-population ratio varies across States and industries.
Nonsampling error is not unique to sample surveys, as it
includes errors in reporting and processing.
To help control for both sampling and nonsampling
error, the estimates are benchmarked annually to universe
employment counts. These counts are derived primarily from
employment data reported on unemployment insurance (UI)
tax reports that nearly all employers are required to file with
State employment security agencies. Benchmark levels
replace the original sample-based estimates from April of
the previous year to March of the benchmark year for each
month. For the current 1999 benchmark, estimates from April
1998 to March 1999 were replaced with Ul-based universe
counts. Once the new level for March 1999 had been determined, the appropriate sample links were applied to the new
level, and the estimates were recalculated for April 1999
forward. The sample links capture the over-the-month
Michele Eickman is an economist in the Division of Monthly Industry
Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202)
691-6559; e-mail: Eickman_M@bls.gov




change of the sample estimates. A sample link for a given
month is calculated by dividing employment reported by
survey respondents for that month by employment reported
by those same respondents for the previous month. The links
used during the benchmark process may differ slightly from
those used to derive the original estimates because they
include data from respondents that reported too late for
inclusion in the previously published estimates. This process was completed, and the revised data were released with
the January 2000 estimates.
Improvements in the receipt of UI data and in the standardization of State operations have enabled nearly all States
to replace estimates with UI data beyond March of the benchmark year. This use of more current UI data should reduce
the error associated with the next March benchmark revision. In the March 1999 benchmark, 11 States used thirdquarter 1999 UI data (that is, through, September 1999) in
their benchmarking; 37 States and the District of Columbia
used second-quarter 1999 UI data (through June 1999); and
1 State used first-quarter 1999 data (through March 1999).
(Data for New Jersey were not benchmarked this year
because universe counts were not available for that State.)
Recalculated sample links were then applied to these new
levels to derive revised estimates for months after the replacement quarter.
Benchmark revisions
The percentage differences between March 1999 samplebased estimates and the revised March 1999 benchmark
levels are commonly used to report the magnitude of the revisions. The average absolute percentage revision for State total
nonfarm estimates was 0.5 percent for March 1999. Since
1995, average absolute percentage revisions for State total
nonfarm employment have been consistently around the
0.5-percent level. The range of the percentage revisions for
the States, at the total nonfarm level, was from -1.3 percent to
1.8 percent in 1999. Across the major industry divisions that
make up total nonfarm employment, government had the lowest average absolute revision, 0.7 percent. Mining and construction had the highest revisions, with average absolute
revisions of 5.3 and 2.5 percent, respectively. (See table 1.)
The direction of the revisions indicates whether the March
1999 benchmark levels were greater or less than the original sample-based estimates. Historically, State estimates
have underestimated March employment levels during
periods of economic growth and overestimated these levels

during periods of economic decline. For the current benchmark, 26 States revised total nonfarm employment upward,
while 21 States and the District of Columbia had downward
revisions. (See table 2.) Two States had no revisions to their
total nonfarm employment. This close balance between underestimation and overestimation of employment also is
reflected by the mean 0.1-percent revision across all States
for total nonfarm employment.
As the size of the CES sample for a particular estimate
decreases, the benchmark revision will, on average, increase.
This is reflected in the benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment for the metropolitan statistical areas
(MSAs). For MSAs published by the CES program, the
range of percentage revisions is from -4.4 to 4.8 percent,
with an average absolute revision of 1.0 percent. This compares with a range of -1.3 to 1.8 percent and an average
absolute percentage revision of 0.5 percent at the State level.
Grouping MSAs by size (as defined by total nonfarm employment) also demonstrates this pattern. Generally, as the
size of the MSAs decreases, the range of percentage revisions increases, as does the average absolute percentage revision. (See table 3.) Metropolitan areas with 1,000,000
employees or more had an average absolute revision of 0.7
percent, while metropolitan areas with fewer than 100,000
employees had an average absolute revision of 1.2 percent.
Seasonal adjustment
Coincident with the benchmark adjustments, seasonally
adjusted employment data by State and major industry division were revised from 1995 forward to incorporate updated

seasonal adjustment factors. BLS uses a two-step seasonal
adjustment process for adjusting State nonfarm payroll employment estimates. This process uses UI seasonal trends to
adjust the benchmark historical data, but incorporates sample
seasonal trends to adjust the current sample-based estimates
in the post-benchmark months. By accounting for the differing seasonal patterns of the benchmark data and the
sample-based estimates, this technique yields an improved
seasonally adjusted series for analyzing over-the-month
employment change. Revised seasonally adjusted nonfarm
payroll employment data for all States and the District of
Columbia for the 1995-99 period are available on the
Internet. Data for the most recent 13 months are regularly
shown in table B-7.
Additional information
State and area annual averages for 1997-99 by major industry are published in this issue, along with a detailed
listing of the area definitions. Historical State and area
employment, hours, and earnings data are available at
http://stats.bls.gov/datahome.htm, the BLS Internet site.
Users may access the data via Anonymous FTP, Series
Report, or Selective Access at this address. Any questions
on how to access the data through the Internet should be
directed to (202) 691-7351. Inquiries for additional information on the methods or estimates derived from the CES
survey should be sent to: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Room 4860, 2 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Washington, DC
20212-0001. The telephone number is (202) 691-6559; Fax
(202) 691-6820. The e-mail address is DATASA@bls.gov

Table 1. Differences between State employment estimates and benchmarks by industry, March 1994-99
Industry

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Average absolute percentage differences
Total nonfarm
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

0.8

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.5

4.7
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.2
2.1
1.4
.7

6.0
3.1
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.7
1.3
1.0

3.3
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.1

4.2
2.4
.8
1.4
.6
1.3

3.1
2.5

5.3
2.5
1.0
1.8

.9
.7

.8
1.3
.8
1.5
1.0

.9

.9
1.8
1.1
.7

-1.2:2.5
.1
.7

-1.3:1.8
.1
.6

Average percentage revisions
Total nonfarm:
Range
Mean
Standard deviation

-1.0:2.5
.6
.9

-1.7:1.5
.4
.9

NOTE: The range indicates the lowest and highest percentage revision at the total nonfarm level. The mean is the sum of all the items in a
series divided by the number of items.The standard deviation is a widely
used measure of dispersion. It measures the extent to which the individual items in a series are scattered about the mean of the series and
indicates the reliability of the mean. For example, the March 1997 standard deviation (.5) is low, relative to March 1994 (.9). This is an indica-




-3.0:1.7
-.2
.7

-1.3:1.3
.2
.5

tion that there is higher variation among State total nonfarm revisions
in March 1994 (that is, the mean is less representative of the group)
than in March 1997 (that is, the mean is more representative of the
group). The standard deviation is found by taking the difference of each
item in a series from the mean of the series, squaring each difference,
summing the squared differences, dividing the result by the number of
items, and obtaining the square root of that figure.

Table 2. Percent differences between nonfarm payroll employment benchmarks and estimates by State, March 1994-99
1994

1995

1996

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida

0.6
.7
2.5
1.1
1.4
1.5
.1
-.3
-.8
.4

1.1
-1.0
1.5
-.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.1
-.6

0.1

Georgia ...

.2
.6
-.6
.8
2.4
.2
-.1
1.9
2.5
.5

()

-.5
.5
-.6
-.6
-.1
-.1
-.7
(1)
-.3
-.7

State

Hawaii

Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas ....
Kentucky .
Louisiana.
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts..
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire.

1.0
-1.0
1.0
(1)
1.7
.1
.2
2.2
1.8
.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina...
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

-.2
.9
-.2
.1
(1)

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1

2.1
1.0
.5
.3
-.4
.1
.8
1.0
-.1
-.1
1.1
-.4

-.3
.8
1.3

.1
.9
.3

-.2
.5
-1.1

.4
.2
-.1

-.1
.1
.2
.1
.4
-.3
-.1
-.1
-.3
.7

.2
.3
-.9
-.2
-.2
-.6
-1.0
.2
-.8
.6

1.4
-.9
-.3
.3
.5
.2
-.1
-1.2
-1.1
2.5

(1)
-.1
.4
.5
.3
.7
-.4
.1
.9
-.1
-.3
-.4
-1.3

.1
-2.0
-.8
-.5
-.3
-.3
.1
.3

(1)

.2
(1)
.8
.2
.2
-.1
-.6

.3
.1
-.8
-.2

.5
.7
.5
.2
.4
-.2
-.5

-.2
-3.0
-.3
.3
-.6
-.4
.2
-.2
.1
-1.4

.4
-.1
.4

-.9
-.6

-.2
.6
.4
-.3
-.2
.2

.9
-1.3
.2

()
.3
.5
.2
-.2
.7
.6
-.6
.4
1.0

0.3
.7
-.3
.2
-.2
.3
.1
-.5
.6
-.4

(1)

.2
-.1
.8
.4
.4
-.3
.2

.2
.3
.4
1.3
-1.0
-.2
.1
.6
-.1

-.4

South Carolina.
South Dakota...
Tennessee

2

1.7
-.1
.3
-.8
-.3
-.2
-.4
.2

.9

1999

0.6
1.0
-.1

(1)

.1
-1.0
.6
.7
.5
(1)
.4
-1.7

1998

1997

(1)

1.1
.1
(1)

.7
1.8
.5

-.1
.7
.9

.4
(1)
.4
(1)

()
-.5
.8
.4

-.4
.1
.2

-.9
.4
-.3
-.1
-.3
.3

(1)
.5
-.7

1.0
-.9
.5
-.1

-1.3
.7
-.4

1.3
.8
-.6
.5
.6

-.2
.1
-.2
.4
-.7
1.1
-.8
.3

-.1
.4
.5
.1
(1)
-.4
.6
-.1

-.2
-.4
.5

-.2
-.2
1.6

-.3
1.0
1.4

1.1
.2
.6

Less than 0.05 percent.
Data for New Jersey will not be benchmarked this year, due to the unavailability of universe counts for that State.

Table 3. Benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment in metropolitan areas, March 1999
MSAs grouped by level of total nonfarm employment
Measure

All MSAs

Less than
100,000

100,000 to
499,999

500,000 to
999,999

1 million or more

272

83

129

37

23

Average percentage revision

-0.05

-0.2

-0.02

0.1

0.2

Range
Standard deviation
Average absolute percentage
revision

-4.4:4.8
1.4

-4.4:4.8
1.6

-4.4:3.9
1.3

-2.1 :2.5
1.1

-2.0:1.9
.9

1.0

1.2

1.0

.8

.7

Number of MSAs




Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1999

2000

Category
Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

207,236 207,427 207,632 207.828 208.038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208.832 208,782 208.907 209.053 209,216
139,086 139.013 139.332 139.336 139,372 139.475 139,697 139.834 140,108 140,910 141,165 140.867 141,230
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.4
67.5
67.6
67.5
133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133.650 133,940 134.098 134.420 135,221 135.362 135.159 135.706
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.4
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.8
64.7
64.8
64.9
5,934
6,032
5.823
5,937
5,842
5.825
5,757
5.736
5,689
5.804
5.688
5.708
5,524
68.150 68.414 68.300 68,492 68.666 68,790 68.786 68,832 68.724 67,872 67.742 68,187 67.986
Unemployment rates
4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1
3.8
7.8
6.8

All workers
Men. 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1
3.7
7.6
6.7

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
3.8
7.6
6.6

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
3.7
8.6
6.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000. data reflect revised population controls used in

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
3.7
7.8
6.5

41
.
3.3
3.6
14.0
3.5
8.0
61
.

41
.
3.5
3.5
13.8
3.5
8.3
6.3

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
3.6
8.3
6.6

41
.
3.3
3.6
13.8
3.5
7.9
5.9

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6
3.4
8.2
5.6

41
.
3.4
3.5
14.1
3.6
7.8
5.7

41
.
3.3
3.6
13.3
3.6
7.3
6.3

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.7
3.5
7.2
5.4

the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Apr.

May

128,134
108,035
25,288
538
6,277
18,473

128,162
108,085
25,199
531
6,239
18,429
102,963
6,758
6,977
22,748
7,621
38,782
20,077

28
50
-89
-7
-38
-44
117

July

Aug.

Sept.

128,443
108,338
25,180
526
6,258
18,396
103,263
6,781
6,993
22.796
7,636
38,952
20,105

128,816
108,663
25,247
528
6,270
18.449
103,569
6,799
7,012
22,903
7,647
39,055
20,153

128,945
108,735
25,148
524
6.246
18,378
103,797
6,813
7,031
22,888
7,650
39,205
20,210

129,048
108,830
25,186

281
253
-19

373
325
67
2
12
53
306
18
19
107
11
103
48

129
72
-99
-4
-24
-71
228
14
19
-15
3
150

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

129,589
109,320
25,257

129,898
109,583
25,283
529
6,393
18,361
104,615
6,897
7,088
22,973
7,685
39,657
20,315

130,292
109,927
25,410
530
6,504
18,376
104,882
6,902
7,108
23,018
7,685
39,804
20,365

130,319
109,937
25,382
532
6,484
18,366
104,937
6,898
7,121
23,016
7,698
39,822
20,382

130,777
110,237
25,471
536
6,574
18,361
105,306
6,914
7,142
23,041
7,689
39,980
20,540

131,117
110,470
25,431
540
6,519
18,372
105,686

394
344
127
1
111
15
267

27
10
-28
2
-20
-10

5

-4
13

458
300
89
4
90
-5
369
16
21

32

309
263
26
2
24
0
283
35
18
71
10
103
46

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.6
4.6

Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

102,846
6,750
6,965
22,724
7,611
38,697

20,099

129,332
109,095
25,198
528
6,314
18,356
104,134
6,841
7,064
22,891
7,668
39,433
20,237

527
6,293
18,366
103,862
6,831
7,041
22,862
7,653
39,257
20,218

527
6,369
18,361
104,332
6,862
7,070
22,902
7,675
39,554
20,269

6,937
7,145

23,160
7,696
40,101
20,647

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

321
309
3
-12
45
-30
318
18
18
113
16
141
12

8
12
24
10
85
-22

5
19
-33
300
23
16
48
15
170
28

284
265
12
1
21
-10
272
10
23
29
15
176
19

103
95
38
3
47
-12
65
18
10
-26
3
52
8

57

Hours of work
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.4
41.6
4.3

34.4
41.7

46
.

34.5
41.7
4.7

34.5
41.9
4.7

34.4
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

257
225
59
1
55

5
198
21
6
11
7
121

-2

25
-9
158

50

13
18
17

158

340
233
-40
4
-55
11
380
23
3
119
7
121
107

34.6
41.7
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.8

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.6
42.1
4.9

150.3
106.3

150.1
106.4

150.7
106.0

151.5
107.2

20
45
0
147

55

1

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing

147.0
106.5

147.2
106.5

147.8
106.3

148.3
107.3

148.4
106.4

148.2
106.4

148.8
106.2

149.2
106.0

149.4
105.7

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private ..
1

$13.14
7.83
452.02

$13.18
7.85

453.39

$13.24

7.89
456.78

$13.28
7.88
458.16

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.
2




$13.29
7.87
458.51

$13.35
7.86

459.24

$13.39
7.87
461.96

N.A. = not available.
= preliminary.

p

$13.40
7.86
462.30

$13.44
7.87
463.68

$13.49
7.88
466.75

$13.54
7.87
467.13

$13.58
7.84
468.51

$13.64
N.A.
471.94

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Thousands
132,500

Thousands
132,500

130,000

130,000

127,500

127,500

125,000

125,000

122,500 -

122,500

120,000

120,000

117,500




1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

117,500

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000

40
.

1996

1997

1998

1999

35
.
2000

NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in 1998,
data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning in
1999 and 2000, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability
with data for prior periods.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1966...
1967...
1968...
1969...

128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

72,895
74,372
75,920
77.902

56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

2.875
2,975
2.817
2.832

3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

52,288
52,527
53.291
53.602

1970...
1971 ...
19721 .
19731 .
1974...
1975...
1976...
1977...
19781 .
1979...

137,085
140,216
144.126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75.215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4.093
5,016
4.882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55.834
57.091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980...
1981 ...
1982...
1983...
1984...
1985...
19861 .
1987...
1988...
1989...

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180.587
182.753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100.834
105,005
107,150
109.597
112,440
114.968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106.434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10.717
8.539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1 .
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62.665
62.839
62,744
62.752
62.888
62,944
62,523

19901 .
1991 ...
1992 ...
1993...
19941 .
1995...
1996...
19971 .
1998 1 .
1999 1 .

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207.753

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1

118,793
117.718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126.708
129,558
131.463
133,488

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3.440
3,443
3,399
3.378
3,281

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123.264
126,159
128,085
130.207

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6.739
6.210
5,880

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66.837
67.547
68.385

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December ..

207,236
207,427
207,632
207,828
208,038
208,265
208,483
208,666
208,832

139,086
139,013
139,332
139,336
139,372
139,475
139,697
139,834
140.108

67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1

133.054
133,190
133,398
133,399
133,530
133,650
133,940
134,098
134,420

64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4

3,341
3,290
3,330
3,278
3,234
3.179
3,238
3,310
3,279

129,713
129,900
130,068
130,121
130,296
130,471
130.702
130,788
131.141

6,032
5.823
5,934
5,937
5.842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688

4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1

68,150
68,414
68,300
68,492
68,666
68,790
68.786
68,832
68.724

2000:
January3 ....
February ....
March
April

208,782
208,907
209,053
209,216

140,910
141,165
140,867
141,230

67.5
67.6
67.4
67.5

135,221
135.362
135,159
135,706

64.8
64.8
64.7
64.9

3,371
3,408
3,359
3,355

131,850
131,954
131.801
132,351

5,689
5,804
5,708
5.524

4.0
4.1
4.1
3.9

67,872
67,742
68,187
67,986

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
* The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1999 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Percent
of
labor
force

Nonagricultural
industries

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

MEN
1988.
1989.

87,857
88,762

66,927
67.840

76.2
76.4

63,273
64.315

72.0
72.5

2,493
2,513

60.780
61,802

3,655
3,525

5.5
5.2

20.930
20.923

1990 1
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971
19981
19991

90.377
91.278
92,270
93.332
94.355
95.178
96.206
97.715
98,758
99,722

69.011
69.168
69.964
70.404
70,817
71.360
72.087
73.261
73.959
74.512

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7

65,104
64.223
64.440
65.349
66,450
67,377
68.207
69.685
70.693
71.446

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6

2.546
2,589
2,575
2.478
2,554
2.559
2,573
2,552
2,553
2,432

62,559
61.634
61.866
62,871
63.896
64.818
65.634
67.133
68.140
69.014

3,906
4,946
5,523
5.055
4.367
3.983
3.880
3.577
3,266
3.066

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1

21.367
22,110
22,306
22.927
23.538
23.818
24,119
24.454
24,799
25,210

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:

99,761
99,863
99.976
100,088
100,179
100,264

74,270
74,318
74,414
74,498
74,499
74,643
74.680
74.728
74,930

74.7
74.6
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7

71,208
71,207
71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71,732
71,927

71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.6
71.7

2.489
2,420
2,430
2.435
2.409
2.361
2,389
2.501
2,440

68,719
68,787
68,900
69.002
69.027
69.269
69.234
69.231
69,487

3.062
3.111
3.084
3.061
3.063
3,013
3,057
2,996
3,003

4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0

25,195
25,245
25.254
25.263
25,364
25,333
25,408
25.451
25,334

100.266
100.330
100,405
100.487

April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

75.304
75.594
75.198
75.189

75.1
75.3
74.9
74.8

72,358
72,473
72,313
72.307

72.2
72.2
72.0
72.0

2.495
2.494
2.409
2.384

69.862
69.979
69,904
69.923

2.946
3,121
2,885
2,882

3.9
4.1
3.8
3.8

24,963
24.737
25.206
25,298

99.465
99.563

2000:
January3
February
March
April

Annual averages
WOMEN
1988
1989

96.756
97.630

54.742
56.030

56.6
57.4

51.696
53.027

53.4
54.3

676
687

51.020
52,341

3,046
3,003

5.6
5.4

42.014
41.601

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19991

98.787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102.460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031

56,829
57,178
58,141
58.795
60,239
60,944
61.857
63,036
63,714
64,855

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57.523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849

53,011
52.815
53.380
54,273
55.755
56,642
57.630
59,026
59.945
61,193

3,140
3.683
4.090
3,885
3,629
3.421
3.356
3.162
2,944
2,814

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3

41.957
42.468
42.394
42.711
42.221
42,462
42,528
42.382
42,748
43,175

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted?

1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2000:
January3
February
March
April

107.771
107.864
107,964
108.067
108.175
108,289
108.395
108.487
108,569

64.816
64,695
64,918
64.838
64,873
64,832
65.017
65,106
65.178

60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0

61,846
61.983
62,068
61,962
62,094
62.020
62,317
62.366
62.493

57.4
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.6

852
870
900
843
825
818
849
809
839

60.994
61,113
61.168
61.119
61.269
61,202
61,468
61,557
61,654

2.970
2.712
2.850
2,876
2.779
2.812
2,700
2.740
2.685

46
.
42
.
44
.
44
.
43
.
43
.
42
.
42
.
41
.

42 955
43.169
43,046
43.229
43,302
43.457
43.378
43,381
43,391

108.516
108.577
108.649
108.729

65,606
65,572
65,668
66.041

60.5
60.4
60.4
60.7

62.863
62.889
62,846
63,399

57.9
57.9
57.8
58.3

875
914
950
971

61.988
61.975
61,896
62.428

2.743
2,683
2,823
2.642

42
.
41
.
43
.
40
.

42,910
43,005
42,980
42.688

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years.
For an explanation, se
see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes a
ind Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 anc
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 2000" in the February 2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1999
Apr.

May

June

July

2000

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Persons who currently want a job

207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907 209,053 209,216
139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910 141,165 140,867 141,230
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.6
67.0
67.1
67.5
67.0
67.1
67.5
67.4
133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159 135,706
64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.8
64.8
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.9
64.7
64.2
64.2
5,688
5,736
5,825
5,842
5,804
5,689
5,823
5,524
5,708
5,937
5,934
5,757
6,032
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.3
68,150 68,414 68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872 67,742 68,187 67,986
4,467
4,429
4,658
4,352
4,497
4,575
4,770
4,594
4,252
4,331
4,740
4,374
4.352

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,465
74,270
74.7
71,208
71.6
2,489
68,719
3,062
4.1
25,195

99,563
74,318
74.6
71,207
71.5
2,420
68,787
3,111
4.2
25,245

99,668
74,414
74.7
71,330
71.6
2,430
68,900
3,084
4.1
25,254

99,761
74,498
74.7
71,437
71.6
2,435
69,002
3,061
4.1
25,263

99,863
74,499
74.6
71,436
71.5
2,409
69,027
3,063
4.1
25,364

99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266 100,330 100,405 100.487
74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304 75.594 75.198 75,189
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.7
75.3
75.1
74.9
74.8
71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358 72,473 72,313 72,307
71.6
71.7
71.6
71.6
72.2
72.2
72.0
72.0
2,501
2,389
2,440
2,361
2,494
2,495
2,409
2,384
69,269 69,234 69,231 69,487 69,862 69,979 69,904 69,923
3,057
2,996
3,013
3,003
3,121
2,946
2,885
2,882
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
25,333 25,408 25,451 25,334 24,963 24,737 25,206 25,298

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,302
69,992
76.7
67,562
74.0
2,305
65,257
2,430
3.5
21,310

91,368
69,978
76.6
67,470
73.8
2,224
65,246
2,508
3.6
21,390

91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5
21,371

91,561
70,167
76.6
67,703
73.9
2,256
65,447
2,464
3.5
21,394

91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5
21,452

91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4
21,465

91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5
21,557

91.986
70.388
76.5
68,037
74.0
2.262
65,775
2,351
3.3
21,598

92,052
70,529
76.6
68,197
74.1
2,227
65,970
2,332
3.3
21,523

92,057
70,917
77.0
68,585
74.5
2,303
66,282
2,332
3.3
21,139

92,092
71,120
77.2
68,691
74.6
2,309
66,382
2,429
3.4
20,972

92,145
70.822
76.9
68,480
74.3
2.232
66,249
2,342
3.3
21,323

92,303
70,761
76.7
68,481
74.2
2,213
66,269
2,280
3.2
21,542

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

107,771 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108.516 108,577 108,649 108,729
64,816 64,695 64,918 64,838 64,873 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606 65,572 65,668 66,041
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.1
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.1
60.4
60.5
60.7
60.4
61,846 61,983 62,068 61,962 62,094 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863 62,889 62,846 63,399
57.4
57.5
57.3
57.5
57.4
57.9
57.6
57.5
57.3
57.5
57.9
58.3
57.8
843
809
849
818
825
900
870
852
914
875
839
971
950
60,994 61,113 61,168 61,119 61.269 61,202 61,468 61,557 61,654 61,988 61,975 61,896 62,428
2,812
2,779
2.876
2,740
2,700
2,850
2,712
2,970
2,743
2,685
2,683
2,642
2,823
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.6
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.1
42,955 43,169 43,046 43,229 43,302 43,457 43,378 43,381 43,391 42,910 43,005 42,980 42,688

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,923 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579 100,666 100,713 100,809
60,765 60,708 60,988 60,852 60,904 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576 61,575 61.671 61,920
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.6
60.7
60.9
60.7
60.7
60.8
61.2
61.2
61.2
61.4
58,336 58,483 58,647 58,477 58,648 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280 59,398 59,422 59.757
58.4
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.6
58.5
58.5
58.4
58.9
59.0
59.0
59.3
800
798
791
768
778
780
851
803
820
826
894
871
899
57,533 57,663 57,796 57,679 57,868 57,852 58,000 58,070 58.167 58,454 58,526 58,528 58.858
2,214
2,155
2,230
2,375
2,341
2.297
2,196
2,256
2.249
2,225
2,178
2,429
2,163
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
3.5
3.5
39,158 39,300 39,143 39.351 39,381 39,525 39,503 39,521 39,512 39,003 39,090 39,042 38,889

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

16,011
8.329
52.0
7,156
44.7
233
6,923
1,173
14.1
7,682

16,051
8,327
51.9
7,237
45.1
246
6,991
1,090
13.1
7,724

16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6
7,786

16,065
8,317
51.8
7,219
44.9
224
6,995
1,098
13.2
7,748

16,061
8,228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5
7,833

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through A-13
will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment




16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6
7,799

16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8
7,726

16,107
8,394
52.1
7,223
44.8
280
6,943
1,171
14.0
7,713

16,114
8,425
52.3
7,265
45.1
261
7,004
1,160
13.8
7,689

16,147
8,416
52.1
7,356
45.6
242
7,114
1,060
12.6
7,730

16,149
8,470
52.4
7,273
45.0
228
7,046
1,197
14.1
7,679

16,196
8,374
51.7
7,257
44.8
233
7,024
1,117
13.3
7,822

16,104
8.549
53.1
7,467
46.4
243
7,224
1,082
12.7
7.555

of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

2000

1999
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

172,730 172,859 172,999 173,133 173.275 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812 173,886 173,983 174,092
116,344 116,193 116,518 116,492 116,619 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117.716 117,821 117,832 117,988
67.3
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.2
67.2
67.4
67.2
67.7
67.8
67.7
67.4
67.8
111,886 111,898 112.115 112,193 112,308 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704 113,634 113,630 113,915
65.0
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.7
65.4
65.3
64.8
65.3
64.8
65.4
4,057
4,299
4,311
4.192
4,403
4,295
4,187
4,106
4,092
4,202
4,011
4,458
4,073
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.8
3.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,777
77.0
58,043
74.7
1,734
2.9

59,761
76.9
58,067
74.7
1,694
2.8

59,889
77.0
58,221
74.8
1,668
2.8

60,179
77.3
58,487
75.2
1,693
2.8

60,387
77.6
58,631
75.3
1,756
2.9

60,282
77.4
58,541
75.1

49,733
59.8
48,203
58.0
1,530

49,814
59.9
48,273
58.0
1,541

50,011

50,404
60.5
48,857
58.7
1,547

3.1

3.1

50,335
60.4
48,792
58.6
1,544
3.1

50,448
60.5
48,820
58.6
1,628
3.2

50,726
60.8
49,150
58.9

3.1

60.1
48,486
58.2
1,525
3.0

7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9

7,144
56.1

7,108
55.8
6,244
49.0
864
12.2
13.3
10.9

7,132
56.0
6,360
50.0
772
10.8
12.4
9.1

7.099
55.8
6,211
48.8
888
12.5
14.4
10.4

7,102
55.8

6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7

7,128
56.0
6,271
49.2
857
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,214
56.7
6,379
50.2
835
11.6
13.0
10.0

24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8

24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6

24.985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3

25,019
16,508
66.0
15,187
60.7
1,321
8.0

25.051
16,513
65.9
15,204
60.7
1,309
7.9

25,047
16,622
66.4
15.254
60.9
1,368
8.2

25,076
16,785
66.9
15,471
61.7
1,314
7.8

25.105
16,572
66.0
15.356

7,122
71.7
6.610
66.6
512
7.2

7,162
72.0
6,714
67.5
448
6.3

7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1

7.281

72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7

7,277
72.8
6,767
67.7
510
7.0

7,273
72.6
6,766
67.5
507
7.0

7,386
73.7
6,839
68.2
547
7.4

8.311
66.7
7,670
61.6
641
7.7

8.241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568
6.9

8,316
66.5
7,759

8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1

8,305
66.3
7,757
61.9
548
6.6

8,260
65.8
7,706
61.4
554
6.7

8.315
66.3
7,715
61.5
600
7.2

59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8
1,925
3.2

59,841

49,593
59.7

1.652
3.3

49.713
59.9
48,140
58.0
1.573
3.2

6,947
54.7
6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0

7,041
55.3
6,238
49.0
803
11.4
11.7
11.1

6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0

1,277
7.8

24,798
16,290
65.7
15.053
60.7
1,237
7.6

24,833
16,308
65.7
15.069
60.7
1,239
7.6

24,867
16.366
65.8
14,962
60.2
1,404
8.6

7,118
72.0
6,670
67.5
448
6.3

7,182
72.6
6,710
67.8
472
6.6

7,153
72.1
6,698
67.6
455
6.4

8,223
66.3
7,657
61.7
566
6.9

8,178

8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7

59,651
77.2
57,834
74.9
1,817
3.0

59,502
77.0
57,635
74.5
1,867
3.1

59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7

59,799
77.2

1,886
3.2

1,844
3.1

49,674
60.0
47,885
57.8
1,789
3.6

49,625
59.9
48,004
57.9
1.621
3.3

49.850
60.1
48.167
58.1
1.683
3.4

49,652
59.8
48,000
57.9

7,019
55.4
6,167
48.7
852
12.1
12.6
11.6

7,066
55.7
6,259
49.3
807
11.4
12.2
10.6

24,765
16.288
65.8

57,955
74.8

77.1
58,102

74.9
1,739
2.9

1,742
2.9

60.048
77 0
58,386
74.9
1,662
2.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

48,010
57.8

1.583
3.2

1,576
3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,270
49.3
832
11.7
11.3
12.1

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,011
60.6

1,360
8.3

25.135

16.636
66.2

61.2

15.444
61 4

1,216
7.3

1,191
7.2

7,441
74.2
6,910
68.9
532
7.1

7.300
72.6
6,830
68.0
469
6.4

7,351
73.0
6,864
68.2
487
6.6

8,344
66.4
7,805
62.1

8.314

8,291
65.8
7.807
62.0
484
5.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

65.8
7,647
61.6
531
6.5

See footnotes at end of table.




II

62.1
557
6.7

539
6.5

66.1
7,808

62.1
506
6.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

2000

1999
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

947
38.3
684
27.6
263
27.8
32.0
23.8

930
37.5
696
28.1
234
25.2
27.9
22.5

936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2

933
37.5
682
27.4
251
26.9
30.7
23.4

918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7

953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4

956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1

926
37.3
663
26.7
263
28.4
31.0
25.9

980
39.5
732
29.5
248
25.3
27.5
23.0

921
37.2
701
28.3
220
23.9
24.0
23.8

999
40.4
756
30.6
243
24.3
22.3
26.6

958
38.7
718
29.0
240
25.1
21.3
28.9

993
40.2
773
31.3
220
22.2
22.0
22.4

21,483
14,535
67.7
13,541
63.0
994
6.8

21,548
14,555
67.5
13,574
63.0
981
6.7

21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6

21,684
14,617
67.4
13,696
63.2
921
6.3

21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5

21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6

21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3

21,947
14,887
67.8
13,979
63.7
908
6.1

22,008
14,984
68.1
14,095
64.0
889
5.9

22,047
15,251
69.2
14,395
65.3
856
5.6

22,108
15,249
69.0
14,382
65.1
868
5.7

22,166
15,313
69.1
14,355
64.8
958
6.3

22,231
15,355
69.1
14,524
65.3
831
5.4

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Educational attainment

Apr.

May June

July

Aug. Sept.

Oct. Nov. Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

27.991 28,298 28,515 28.015 28,568 28.583 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995 27,376 27,523 28,069
11,896 11,891 12,081 12,087 12,307 12,151 12,201 12.132 11.956 11,895 11,971 11.726 11.945
42.4
43.1
42.5
42.0
43.7
42.5
43.2
43.0
43.1
42.5
42.5
42.6
426
11,092 11,085 11,265 11,265 11,448 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243 11,106 11,257 10,918 11.218
39.5
40.2
39.2
41.1
40.4
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.7
39.6
39.9
39.7
40.0
816
822
804
806
714
824
800
785
859
713
727
789
808
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.0
6.6
6.0
6.9
6.1

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768 57,471 58.033 58,015
37,508 37,365 37,382 37,014 36,954 37,188 37,080 37,671 37.362 37,617 37.603 37,671 37,666
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.7
65.2
64.8
64.5
64.7
64.9
65.1
64.9
64.9
65.4
36,173 36,022 35,962 35,700 35,657 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305 36,294 36,401 36,401
62.0
62.3
62.4
62.2
62.4
62.5
62.7
62.8
62.6
63.1
62.6
62.7
63.2
1,335 1,343 1,420 1,314 1,297 1,309 1,206 1,226 1,291 1,311 1.309 1,270 1,265
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5

Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689 44.486 44,225 43,896
32,051 31,944 31,955 32,145 31,842 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397 32,544 32,967 32,684
73.8
74.7
74.7
73.7
74.4
74.8
73.5
73.3
74.2
73.5
74.5
73.2
74.5
31,111 31,049 31,140 31,169 30,864 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564 31,595 32,090 31,843
71.6
72.8
72.3
71.5
72.6
72.8
71.3
71.7
72.2
71.6
72.6
71.0
72.5
978
815
940
976
895
871
873
868
818
833
949
841
878
3.1
2.6
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.9
2.7
2.6

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
:
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058 45.247 44,838 44,864
35,467 35,677 35,757 35,827 36.037 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205 36,265 36,060 36,099
80.4
79.9
80.1
79.2
79.5
80.3
79.4
79.5
80.4
79.9
80.1
80.4
80 5
34,745 35,020 35,059 35,167 35,465 35,112 35,106 34,655 35,186 35,540 35.678 35,481 35.545
78.5
78.8
78.1
78.7
78.8
77.9
78.0
78.1
78.9
78.5
78.9
79.1
79 2
722
698
572
657
660
610
609
615
638
665
587
579
553
2.0
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.5

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

2000

1999
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

109,706 109,986 110,275 109,797 110,060 110,413 110,877 111,227 111,562 112,089 112,129 112,248 113,054
63,690 63,700 63,805 63,835 63,772 63,985 64,005 64,259 64,358 64,727 64,883 64,933 65,097
62,825
62,607
62,324 62,254 62,367 62,350 62,310 62,621
62,914
63,407 63,468 63,501 63,620
46.538 46,067 46.386 46.452 46,847 46,968 47,161
45,991
46,233
47,152 47,195 47,253 47,841
45,067 45,262 45,529 45,084 45,407 45,497 45,822 45,907 46,094 46.189 46,187 46,357 46,787
2,363
2,495
2,474
2,379
2,343
2,295
2,448
2.315
2,470
2.554
2,493
2,646
2,389
23,291
7,496
5,234
15,800
13,246
4,811

23.228
7,511
5,192
15,749
13,218
4,818

23.108
7.537
5,282
15,523
13,137
4,689

23,437
7,598
5,351
15,865
13,312
4,774

23.386
7.643
5,483
15,691
13,204
4,699

23,205
7.613
5,302
15,666
13,169
4,734

23.081
7,610
5,255
15,483
12,996
4,830

22,946
7,485
5,213
15,450
12,964
4,769

22,975
7,581
5,295
15,377
12.932
4,748

23,224
7,552
5,197
15,641
13.075
4.951

23,210
7,557
5,193
15,627
13,157
4,860

23.105
7,489
5.101
15.619
13,107
4,898

22.697
7.180
4,877
15,509
12,954
4.865

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,807
2,533
2,218
2,299
2,033
556

4,633
2,569
2,272
2,081
1,852
509

4,641
2,573
2,229
2,127
1,903
509

4,705
2,556
2,239
2,128
1,939
527

4,712
2,625
2,295
2,100
1,861
556

4,568
2,533
2,172
2,068
1,792
604

4,614
2,588
2,224
2,068
1,771
619

4,536
2,526
2,151
2,068
1,792
593

4,540
2,493
2,109
2,065
1,799
632

4,554
2,389
2,125
2,093
1,864
566

4,595
2,512
2,234
1.978
1,738
623

4,489
2,326
2,106
2,076
1,764
619

4,427
2,393
2,039
2,082
1,753
636

Looking for part-time work
Men. 16 years and over
Men. 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,221
547
193
712
414
614

1,265
600
276
670
392
597

1,284
566
249
729
438
597

1,216
518
222
706
432
562

1,133
449
170
666
395
568

1,228
504
207
707
424
597

1,146
499
216
625
377
553

1,191
502
199
686
406
586

1,175
520
236
640
384
555

1,112
483
213
615
415
483

1,191
508
201
707
452
539

1.243
462
225
772
514
505

1.093
512
223
619
428
442

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
19.4

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
17.1

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.0
17.6

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
18.2

4.1
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.9
19.2

4.0
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
20.8

4.0
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
20.2

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
19.2

3.9
3.7
3.2
4.2
3.8
19.8

3.9
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.9
18.5

3.9
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.6
20.1

3.8
3.5
3.2
4.2
3.7
20.6

19 4

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men. 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.0
6.8
3.6
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.2
7.4
5.0
4.1
2.9
11.0

5.3
7.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
11.3

4.9
6.4
4.0
4.3
3.1
10.5

4.6
5.5
3.0
4.1
2.9
10.8

5.0
6.2
3.8
4.3
3.1
11.2

4.7
6.2
3.9
3.9
2.8
10.3

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.0
10.9

4.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
10.5

4.6
6.0
3.9
3.8
3.1
8.9

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.3
10.0

51
.

46

5.8
4.2
4.7
3.8
9.3

6 7
4.4

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




3.8
3.5
3.1
4.2
3.6

3.8
3.2
8.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159 135,706
43,210 42,997 43,279 43,350 43,368 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951 43,535 43,297 43,272
33,284 33,442 33,758 33,387 33,504 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166 33,882 33,780 33,877
8,272
8,312
8,081
8,028
8,335
8,081
8,398
8,526
8,307
8,375
8,362
8,220
8,082

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

40,458

40,503

40,802

40,823

40,800

40,784

40,718

40,363

40,800

40,924

40,806

40,595

38,816
17,904
14,508
17,775
3,508

38,939
18,049
14,452
17,920
3,440

38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477

38,673
17,990
14,431
18,019
3,421

38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412

38,634
17,876
14,659
18,227
3,365

39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365

39,283
17,633
14,903
18,476
3,407

39,311
17.706
14,940
18.299
3,367

39,614
18,155
14,610
18,385
3,574

39,703
18,344
14,681
18,279
3.630

39.510 39.68G
18.711
18.885
14.520 ! 14.50T
18,334
18.453
3,562
3,477

1,930
1,399
33

1,930
1,330
36

1,923
1,341
39

1,939
1,292
45

1,908
1,266
46

1,930
1,198
40

1,936
1,267
42

2,049
1,216
41

2,018
1,211
36

2,024
1,320
38

2,025
1,344
51

40.665

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

2,043
1,292
42

2,054
1,272
43

120,925 121,311 121,006 121,188 121,150 121,583 121,654 121.965 122,426 122,823 123,166 123,169 123,623
102,147 102,540 101,999 102,156 102,036 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103.810 103,772 103,571 104,343
914
944
873
939
935
983
1,035
944
948
952
998
1.016
1.019
101,212 101,626 101,016 101,212 101,163 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858 102,756 102.573 103.324
18,778 18,771
19,007 19,032 19,114 19,080 18,817 18,902
18,959 19,013 19,394 19,598 19.280
8,726
8,820
9,000
8,833
8,801
8,840
8,791
8,686
8,662
8,802
8.704
8.750
8.793
61
77
93
101
65
88
100
108
98
92
107
74
103

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,403
1,937
1,117
18,752

3,399
1,950
1,116
18,692

3,377
2,048
1,045
18,716

3,316
1,974
1,050
18,983

3,279
1,904
1,057
19,230

3,283
1,922
1.073
18,801

3,179
1,928
993
18,799

3,274
1.930
1,032
18.651

3,320
1,951
1,025
18,618

3,219
1,893
1,012
18.889

3,139
1,807
1.023
19,031

3,124
1,820
953
18.770

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,225
1,845
1,087
18,159

3,229
1,845
1,089
18.138

3,209
1,902
1,031
18,106

3,142
1,850
1,034
18.466

3,127
1,813
1,041
18,652

3,112
1,806
1,063
18,273

2,983
1,807
964
18,249

3,105
1,815
1,013
18.083

3.157
1,843
1,018
18,061

3,066
1.801
986
18,347

2,985
1,705
1,005
18.406

3,003
3.021
1,766 | 1.782
922 I
989
18,184 I 17.943

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




3.124
1,844
1.016
18,474

holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Age and sex
Apr.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
I 6 t o 19years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

133,054 133.190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

135.362 135.159 135.706

19,939 20.028 19,935 20,078 20,068 20,106 20,226 20,188 20,334 20,621 20,473 20,478 20.743
7,265
7,114
7,223
7,356
7,077
7,242
7,237
7,156
7,106
7,219
7.467
7,273
7.257
2,803
2,776
2,797
2,855
2,765
2,834
2,809
2,802
2,745
2,845
2,817
2,794
2,832
4,461
4,325
4,421
4,492
4,309
4,411
4,466
4,338
4,369
4,361
4,632
4,452
4,432
12,783 12,791 12,829 12,859 12,954 13,029 12,984 12,965 13,069 13,265 13,200 13,221 13,276
113,141 113,214 113,436 113,280 113,495 113,539 113,666 113,897 114,075 114,641 114,810 114,737 115,009
95,951 96,007 96,158 95,995 96,120 96,200 96,436 96,635 96,729 97,199 97,246 97,120 97,349
17,142
17,106
17,261 17,306 17,379 17,377 17,255 17,252 17,406 17,447 17,603 17,604 17,620
71,208

71,207

71,330

71,437

71,436

71,630

71,623

71,732

71,927

72,358

72,473

72,313

72,307

10,221
3,646
1,411

10,427
3,668

10,540
3,687

10,521
3,725

10,508

10,570
3,730

10,745
3.782

10.858
3,833

10.858
3,825

1,421
2,247
6.853
61,083
51,431
9,649

1.510
2,334
7,025
61,482
51.800

61.426
51,796

9,658

1.494
2,267
6,963
61.702
51,928
9,784

1.436
2.385
7.033

51,347
9,465

1,471
2,251
6,681
61,012
51,463
9,574

1,441
2,213
6,759
61.061
51.423
9,619

10,727
3.773
1,471

51,430
9,526

10,323
3,685
1,437
2,263
6,638
61,001
51,416
9,559

10,415
3,734

60,980

10,382
3,737
1,454
2,324
6.645
60,872

9,723

9.630

61,846

61,983

62,068

61,962

62,094

9,718
3,510
1,391
2,107
6,208

9,646
3,500
1,355
2,142

9,612
3,421
1,308

9,663
3,485
1,374
2,110
6,178
52,268
44,532
7,732

9,641
3,446
1,335
2,112
6.195
52,434

2,231
6.575

52,161

44,521
7,616

6,146
52,342
44,660

7,641

2,106
6,191
52,435
44.742
7.702

1,462
2,267
6,796
61,073
51,523
9,542

3,695
1.439
2,234
6,813
61,202
51,673
9,574

1,445
2.278
6,840
61,349
51,732
9,649

62,020

44.697
7,760

NOTE. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Sept.

62,317

62,366

62,493

62,863

62,889

62,846

63.399

9,566
3,390
1,344
2,062
6,176
52,456
44,769
7.728

9,705
3,517
1,372
2,144
6,188
52,593
44,913
7,713

9,680
3,528
1,358
2,187
6,152

9,764
3,535

9,894
3,584
1.385
2,190
6,310
53.056
45,254
7.788

9,728
3,491

9,620
3,424
1,322
2,098
6,196
53,255
45,321
7,882

9,885
3,642

52,695

44,962
7,678

used in the household survey.

16

1,358
2,183

6,229
52,726
44,997
7.757

2,301
6.954
61.585
51,944

1,300

2,185
6,237
53.108
45.319
7.818

1,381
2,247
6,243
53,583
45.553

7.990

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Age and sex
Apr.

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

6,032

5,823

5,934

5,937

5,842

5,825

5,757

5,736

5,688

5,689

5,804

5,708

5,524

2,211
1,173
557
612
1,038
3,822
3,286
507

2,130
1,090
540
563
1,040
3,686
3,225
474

2,172
1.122
534
587
1,050
3,753
3,231
534

2,160
1,098
518
578
1,062
3,779
3,250
521

2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475

2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461

2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472

2,249
1,171
553
619
1,078
3,488
3,048
459

2,209
1.160
553
612
1,049
3,479
2,987
477

2,119
1.060
465
577
1.059
3,578
3,089
494

2,267
1.197
529
653
1,071
3,520
2,997
546

2,199
1,117
510
607
1.082
3.531
3,044
498

2,115
1,082
481
597
1,033
3,411
2,964
427

3,062

3,111

3,084

3,061

3,063

3,013

3,057

2,996

3,003

2,946

3,121

2,885

2,882

1,195
632
316
321
563
1,871
1.597
265

1,184
603
310
301
581
1,924
1,665
273

1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270

1,187
597
282
313
590
1,887
1,589
298

1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284

1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292

1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278

1,194
645
292
353
549
1,789
1,531
252

1,252
671
311
356
581
1,757
1,493
246

1,150
613
246
364
537
1,800
1,552
248

1,236
691
312
367
544
1,861
1.574
281

1,106
543
269
274
563
1,781
1,500
278

1,153
603
270
337
550
1,735
1.462
268

2,970

2,712

2,850

2,876

2,779

2,812

2,700

2,740

2,685

2,743

2,683

2,823

2,642

1,016
541
241
291
475
1,951
1,689
242

946
487
230
262
459
1,762
1,560
201

960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264

973
501
236
265
472
1,892
1,661
223

991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1,583
191

1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169

1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194

1,055
526
261
266
529
1,699
1,517
207

957
489
242
256
468
1,722
1,494
231

969
447
219
213
522
1,778
1,537
245

1,032
505
217
286
526
1,659
1,424
266

1,093
574
241
334
520
1,751
1,544
219

962
479
211
260
483
1,676
1,502
159

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
2000

1999
Age and sex
Apr.

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men. 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.1

3.9

10.0
14.1
16.6
12.4
7.5
3.3
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.1
16.1
11.2
7.5
3.2
3.2
2.7

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0

9.7
13.2
15.4
11.7
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7

10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6

10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7

10.0
14.0
16.5
12.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.6

9.8
13.8
16.5
12.1
7.4
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.6
14.0
11.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.0
14.1
15.9
12.8
7.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.7
13.3
15.3
12.1
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.7
14.6
11.4
7.2
2.9
3.0
24

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.1

3.8

3.8

10.5
14.8
18.3
12.6
7.9
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.9
17.6
11.5
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.8

10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.8
16.1
12.2
8.1
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9

9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

10.2
14.9
16.9
13.6
7.5
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.6
15.2
17.7
13.5
7.8
2.8
2.8
2.5

9.7
14.0
14.3
13.7
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.5

10.3
15.5
17.3
13.9
7.3
2.9
2.9
2.8

9.2
12.4
15.1
10.5
7.4
2.8
2.8
2.8

9.6
13.6
15.8
12.4
7.3
2.7
2.7
2.7

4.6

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.0

9.5
13.4
14.8
12.1
7.1
3.6
3.7
3.1

8.9
12.2
14.5
10.9
6.9
3.3
3.4
2.6

9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3

9.1
12.6
14.7
11.2
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8

9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1

9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5

9.8
13.0
16.1
10.8
7.9
3.1
3.3
2.6

8.9
12.2
15.1
10.5
7.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

8.9
11.1
13.7
8.9
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.1

9.6
12.6
14.3
11.6
7.8
3.0
3.0
3.3

10.2
14.4
15.4
13.7
7.7
3.2
3.3
2.7

8.9
11.6
13.3
10.4
7.2
3.0
3.2
2.0

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Sept.

used in the household survey.

18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
2000

1999

Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8

4.1
3.3
3.6

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6

4.1
3.4
3.5
14.1

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.3

3.9
3.2
3.5

14.0

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8

12.7

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.8
7.0
7.8
6.8

3.7
6.8
7.6
6.7

3.8
6.7
7.6
6.6

3.7
7.2
8.6
6.3

3.7
6.8
7.8
6.5

3.6
7.2
8.3
6.6

3.5
7.2
8.3
6.3

3.5
7.1
8.0
6.1

3.5
7.0
7.9
5.9

3.4
7.1
8.2
5.6

3.6
6.9
7.8
5.7

3.6
6.6
7.3
6.3

3.5
6.3
7.2
5.4

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.3
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.6
6.0

2.2
2.7
6.5

2.3
2.8
6.4

2.3
2.7
6.3

2.2
2.6
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.0

2.1
2.5
6.0

2.2
2.5
6.2

2.0
2.6
6.2

2.1
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.7
6.8

1.8
2.6
6.3

1.9
3.8
3.8
6.5
7.1

2.0
3.4
4.0
6.4
7.6

2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1

1.9
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.5

1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4

1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3

1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8

1.8
3.6
3.7
6.2
6.7

1.7
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.8

1.8
3.4
3.7
6.1
4.7

1.6
3.7
4.2
6.1
5.7

1.8
3.5
3.8
6.4
5.1

1.7
3.3
3.5
6.6
7.0

4.4
4.5
8.4
7.3
3.4
3.2
3.9
4.3
2.9
5.4
3.2
4.1
2.4
9.5

4.3
4.5
5.9
7.2
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.2
4.0
2.5
10.1

4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3

4.4
4.4
6.0
6.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.4
5.2
2.4
4.4
2.2
9.0

4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6

4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7

4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.2
4.6
5.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.3

4.1
4.4
4.1
6.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.2
2.1
3.8
2.1
7.1

4.2
4.1
2.6
6.4
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.1
2.5
4.2
2.1
5.0

4.2
4.4
4.0
7.5
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.1
3.2
5.3
2.9
3.7
2.2
6.5

4.3
4.6
2.5
6.9
3.9
3.0
5.2
4.2
3.1
5.4
2.4
4.0
1.7
5.6

4.0
4.3
2.8
5.2
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.9
2.9
4.9
2.6
3.7
1.7
8.4

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Reason
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2.695
843
1,852
810
2,039
473

2,678
837
1,841
781
2,034
440

2,670
876
1,794
831
2,038
359

2,670
847
1,823
768
2,003
459

2,629
893
1,736
793
1,942
481

2,573
869
1,704
758
1,967
504

2,518
802
1,716
778
1,958
511

2.493
851
1,642
821
1,935
485

2,401
795
1,606
825
2,036
453

2,477
739
1,739
776
2,043
393

2,616
838
1.778
759
1,975
387

2.541
781
1.759
824
1,979
434

2.306
703
1.602
833
1.961
408

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
44.8
14.0
30.8
13.5
33.9
7.9

45.1
14.1
31.0
13.2
34.3
7.4

45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1

45.3
14.4
30.9
13.0
33.9
7.8

45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2

44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7

43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9

43.5
14.8
28.6
14.3
33.7
8.5

42.0
13.9
28.1
14.4
35.6
7.9

43.5
13.0
30.6
13.6
35.9
6.9

45.6
14.6
31.0
13.2
34.4
6.7

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.5
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

1.8

1.7
.6
1.5
.3

1.8

1.9
.5
1.4
.3

44.0
13.5
30.5
14.3
34.3
7.5 I

41.9
12.8
29.1
15.1
35 6
74

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

1.4
.3

1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1 6
.6
1.4
.3

in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Duration
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,741
1,868
1,474
794
680

2,502
1,832
1.519
784
735

2,540
1,775
1.634
806
828

2,640
1,778
1,511
779
732

2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716

2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704

2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715

2,601
1,760
1.401
725
676

2,620
1,694
1.388
693
695

2,447
1,754
1.372
667
705

2.603
1,864
1,277
673
604

2,824
1.719
1,295
657
637

2.455
1.868
1.250
670
580

13.2
6.1

13.4
6.6

14.3
6.3

13.5
5.8

13.2
6.4

13.0
5.9

13.2
6.3

13.0
6.2

12.8
5.9

13.2
5.7

12.5
6.1

12.8
6.0

12.4
6.0

100.0
45.1
30.7
24.2
13.1
11.2

100.0
42.7
31.3
26.0
13.4
12.6

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9

100.0
44.5
30.0
25.5
13.1
12.3

100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2

100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1

100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3

100.0
45.1
30.5
24.3
12.6
11.7

100.0
45.9
29.7
24.3
12.2
12.2

100.0
43.9
31.5
24.6
12.0
12.7

100.0
45.3
32.5
22.2
11.7
10.5

100.0
48.4
29.4
22.2
11.3
10.9

100.0
44.1
33.5
22.4
12.0
104

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks ana over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

20

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

TOTAL
209.216
16.104
8,041
8.062
18,268
118.626
37.525
18.102
19.423
44,551
22,079
22.472
36.550
19.718
16.832
23,525
13,063
10.463
32,693
9,286
8,529
14.878

16 years and over
16 to 19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

140.403
7.998
3.063
4,935
14.104
100.204
31.992
15.402
16.590
37,937
18.746
19.191
30.275
16.657
13.618
13.912
8.965
4.947
4.185
2.243
1.146
796

67.1
49.7
38.1
61.2
77.2
84.5
853
85.1
85.4
85.2
84.9
85.4
82.8
84.5
80.9
59.1
68.6
47.3
12.8
24.2
13.4
5.4

135.215
7.042
2,589
4,453
13,149
97,331
30,900
14,789
16,111
36.791
18,202
18.589
29.640
16,315
13.325
13.622
8.800
4,822
4.071
2.177
1.119
775

64.6
43.7
32.2
55.2
72.0
82.0
82.3
81.7
82.9
82.6
82.4
82.7
81.1
82.7
79.2
57.9
67.4
46.1
12.5
23.4
13.1
5.2

3.330
210
94
116
304
2.103
726
362
364
795
343
452
582
334
248
420
228
192
293
134
82
77

131,885
6.832
2,495
4,336
12.846
95,228
30.174
14,427
15.747
35,996
17,859
18,137
29,057
15.981
13.077
13,202
8.571
4,630
3.778
2,044
1,037

5.188
956
474
482
954
2.874
1,092
613
479
1,146
544
602
636
343
293
290
165
125
114
66
27
21

3.7
12.0
15.5
9.8
6.8
2.9
3.4
4.0
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.1
2 1
22
2 1
1 8
2.5
27
2.9
2.4
2.6

68.813
8.106
4,978
3.128
4.165
18.422
5.533
2,700
2.833
6.614
3.334
3,281
6,275
3.061
3.214
9,613
4.097
5.516
28,507
7.043
7.383
14,082

100,487
8,184
4,126
4,058
9,056
58.142
18,390
8,829
9,560
21.916
10.851
11.065
17,836
9.644
8.193
11,183
6.234
4.949
13.922
4.289
3.801
5.832

74,747
4.131
1,574
2.557
7.401
53.284
17.179
8.148
9,031
20.331
10.146
10.185
15.774
8.674
7.100
7.539
4,753
2.786
2.392
1,245
689
458

74.4
50.5
38.2
63.0
81.7
91.6
93.4
92.3
94.5
92.8
93.5
92.1
88.4
89.9
86.7
67.4
76.2
56.3
17.2
29.0
18.1
7.8

71.979
3,590
1.300
2,290
6,889
51,823
16,624
7.825
8,799
19,778
9,900
9.878
15,421
8.491
6,930
7.365
4,663
2,702
2.311
1,203
668
439

71.6
43.9
31.5
56.4
76.1
89.1
90.4
88.6
92.0
90.2
91.2
89.3
86.5
88.0
84.6
65.9
74.8
54.6
16.6
28.1
17.6
7.5

2,405
152
66
86
222
1,524
538
275
262
571
271
300
415
239
176
279
134
145
228
109
56
64

69.575
3.438
1.234
2.204
6,668
50,300
16.087
7,550
8,537
19,207
9,629
9.578
15,006
8,253
6,754
7.087
4.530
2,557
2,083
1.095
613
376

2,768
541
274
267
512
1.460
555
323
232
553
246
307
353
182
170
174
90
84
81
42
21
18

3.7
13.1
17.4
10.4
6.9
2.7
3.2
4.0
2.6
2.7
2.4
3.0
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.9
3.0
3.4
3.3
3.1
40

25,740
4,053
2.551
1.501
1,655
4.858
1.210
681
529
1,585
706
880
2.062
970
1,092
3.644
1,481
2.163
11.530
3.044
3.111
5.375

108.729
7.920
3.916
4,004
9,212
60,484
19.136
9,272
9,863
22,635
11,228
11,407
18.714
10,075
8,639
12,342
6,828
5,514
18,771
4,997
4,728
9.045

65.656
3,867
1.489
2,378
6.703
46.921
14,813
7,254
7,559
17,606
8,600
9,006
14.502
7.984
6.518
6,373
4,212
2.161
1.793
998
457
339

60.4
48.8
38.0
59.4
72.8
77.6
77.4
78.2
76.6
77.8
76.6
79.0
77.5
79.2
75.4
51.6
61.7
39.2
9.6
20.0
9.7
3.7

63.236
3,452
1,289
2,163
6,260
45,507
14.276
6,964
7,312
17,013
8.302
8,711
14.218
7,824
6,395
6,257
4,137
2.120
1.761
974
451
336

58.2
43.6
32.9
54.0
68.0
75.2
74.6
75.1
74.1
75.2
73.9
76.4
76.0
77.7
74.0
50.7
60.6
38.5
9.4
19.5
9.5
3.7

926
58
28
31
82
579
188
86
102
224
72
152
167
95
72
142
95
47
65
25
26
14

62.311
3,393
1.261
2,132
6.178
44.928
14,088
6,877
7.210
16,789
8,230
8.559
14.051
7.728
6,323
6.115
4,042
2.073
1.696
949
425
322

2.420
415
200
215
443
1,413
537
290
247
593
298
295
283
160
123
116
75
41
33
24
6
3

3.7
10.7
13.4
9.0
6.6
3.0
3.6
4.0
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.3
2.0
2.0
1 9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.4
1.3
.8

43,073
4,053
2,427
1.626
2,510
13,564
4,322
2,018
2,304
5,029
2.628
2,401
4,212
2,091
2.121
5,969
2.616
3.353
16,977
3,999
4,272
8,707

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.




2
1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex. and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

WHITE
174,092

16 years and over
16to 19years
16to 17years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

12,716
6.317

6.399
14.626
97.620
30.041
14,358

15,683
36,728
18.173
18,556

30,851
16,477
14.373
20,217
11.248
8.970
28.913

7.995
7.516
13.402

117,281
6.791
2.654
4.136
11,531
83,105
25.756
12.348
13,408
31.477
15,515
15.961
25,872

14,107
11,764
12,117

7,809
4,308
3.737
1.973
1,038
727

67.4
53.4
42.0
64.6
78.8
85.1
85.7
86.0
85.5
85.7
85.4
86.0
83.9
85.6
81.8
59.9
69.4
48.0
12.9
24.7
13.8
5.4

113,458
6,030

75.2
54.3
42.0
66.7
83.8
92.8
94.7
94.4
95.0
93.7
94.4
93.0
89.7
91.4
87.8
68.3
77.3
56.8
17.4
29.7
18.2
8.1

61,413
3,086
1,139
1,946
5.833

60.0
52.5
42.1
62.6
73.8
77.6
76.9
77.8
76.1
77.7
76.4
79.0
78.2
79.9
76.1
52.1
62.0
39.9
9.6
20.3
10.2
3.7

52,045
2,944
1,121
1.824
5.078
37,106

2,260
3.770
10.911
81,006
24,984
11.919
13,065

30,639
15,103
15,536
25,382
13.864
11.518
11.870
7,662
4,208
3,640
1,916
1,018
706

65.2
47.4
35.8
58.9
74.6
83.0
83.2
83.0
83.3
83.4
83.1
83.7
82.3
84.1
80.1
58.7
68.1
46.9
12.6
24.0
13.5
5.3

3,096
192
86
106
288
1.952
686
344
341
728
320
407
539
317
222
389
218
171
275
123
79
73

110,362
5,838
2.174
3.664
10.623
79,054
24,299
11,575
12,724
29,912
14,783
15,129
24,843
13,547
11.296
11,482
7,444
4,037
3.366
1,793
939
633

3,823
761
394
366
620
2,099
772
429
343
838
412
425
489
243
246
246
147
100
97
57
19
21

3.3
11.2
14.9
8.9
5.4
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.0
1 9
2.3
2.6
2.9
1.9
2.9

56.811
5.925
3,663
2.262
3,095
14.515
4,284
2,009
2.275
5.252
2.657
2,594
4.979
2.370
2.609
8.101
3.439
4,662
25.176
6.022
6.478
12.675

72.7
47.5
35.0
59.9
79.1
90.6
92.1
91.1
92.9
91.5
92.4
90.6
88.0
89.9
85.8
66.7
75.8
55.2
16.8
28.7
17.8
7.8

2,226
142
62
80
217
1,402
504
262
243
523
252
271
374
221
153
252
129
124
213
98
56
59

59,187
2,943
1.077
1,866
5,616
42,499

2,076
445
226
219
347
1.064
394
228
166
408
186
222
262
121
140
154
82
72
66
35
13
18

3.3
12.6
16.6
10.1
5.6
2.4
2.8
3.4
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.6
1.9
1.6
2.3
2.3
1.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
2 1
4.3

20.983
2.971
1.888
1.083
1.191
3,510
789
402
387
1,153
506
647
1,569
704
865
3,094
1.239
1.854
10,217
2,620
2.759
4,837

58.1
47.4
36.6
57.9
70.0
75.5
74.4
75.0
73.8
75.4
73.9
76.9
76.7
78.5
74.7
51.2
60.8
39.3
9.4
19.8
10.1
3.6

870
50
24
26
71
551
181
82
99
205
69
136
165
95
69
136
89
47
62
25
24
14

51.175
2,895
1.096
1,798
5,007

1,747
315
168
147
273
1.035
378
201
177
430
226
204
228
122
106
93
65
28
30
22
6
3

3.2
9.7
13.1
7.5
5.1
2.7
3.2
3.6
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.8
1.9

35.829
2,955
1,776
1,179
1,904
11,005
3.495
1,607
1,888
4.099
2,152
1,947
3,411
1,666
1,745
5.007
2,199
2,808
14.959
3.402
3,719
7.838

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
I 8 t o 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

84,472
6.502
3.253
3.249
7.371
48.475
14.915
7.117
7,798

18.325
9.063
9.262
15.234
8.170
7,065
9.760
5,464
4,296
12,364
3.726
3,373
5,266

63,489
3.531
1.366
2.165
6,180
44,964
14.126
6,715
7,411
17,172
8,558
8,615
13,666
7.466
6.200

6.666
4.224
2,442
2.147
1.105

613
429

43,900
13,732
6,486
7.245
16,764
8.371
8,393
13,404
7.344
6,060
6,513
4,143
2.370
2.081
1.071
600
410

13,227
6,225
7.003
16,241
8,119
8.122
13,030
7,123

5,907
6,260
4,014
2.246
1,868
972
544
351

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

89,620
6,215
3,064
3,150
7,254
49,145
15,126
7,241
7,885
18,403
9.109
9,294
15,616
8,308
7,309
10,457
5.784
4,674
16.549
4.269
4.143
8.136

53,792
3,260
1.289
1.971
5.351
38.141
11,630
5.634
5.997
14.304
6,958
7.347
12,206
6,642
5.564
5,450
3,585

1,866
1,590
867
424
298

11,253
5,433
5,820
13,875
6,732
7,143
11,978
6,520
5,458
5,357
3,519
1,838
1.560
846
418
296

See footnotes at end of table.




22

36,555
11,071
5,350
5,721
13,670
6.663
7,007
11,813
6,424
5,389
5,221
3.430
1,791
1,498
821
395
282

.9
.7
.8
.5
.9
2.5
1.4
.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

25,135
2,473
1.248
1,225
2.672
14.876
5.151
2.531
2.620
5.660
2.863
2.797
4.065
2.324
1,741
2,351
1.305
1,046
2.763
925
736
1,102

Age. sex, and race

16,504
886
285
601
1.981
12.113
4,326
2,079
2.246
4,688
2,396
2.292
3,099
1,796
1,303
1,222
805
417
301
180
72
50

65.7
35.8
22.8
49.1
74.2
81.4
84.0
82.2
85.7
82.8
83.7
81.9
76.2
77.3
74.9
52.0
61.7
39.8
10.9
19.4
9.8
4.5

15,412
724
223
501
1.683
11,522
4.085
1.942
2.143
4,441
2.293
2.149
2.996
1.723
1.273
1,193
796
397
290
174
66
50

61.3
29.3
17.9
40.9
63.0
77.5
79.3
76.8
81.8
78.5
80.1
76.8
73.7
74.2
73.1
50.7
60.9
38.0
10.5
18.8
9.0
4.5

177
15
4
10
16
112
37
16
21
42
15
27
33
12
22
27
7
21
7
2

11,280
1,215
627
588
1.226
6.737
2.303
1.117
1,186
2,593
1,304
1.289
1.842
1,056
785
1,006
566
440
1.096
388
304
404

7.747
422
136
286
932
5.674
1.992
920
1,072
2.244
1.155
1.088
1.438
833
605
578
370
207
141
69
51
21

68.7
34.8
21.7
48.7
76.1
84.2
86.5
82.4
90.4
86.5
88.6
84.5
78.1
78.8
77.0
57.4
65.4
47.2
12.8
17.8
16.7
5.1

7.202
344
97
247
787
5.370
1.861
840
1.021
2.132
1.111
1,021
1,376
793
583
569
369
201
132
66
45
21

63.8
28.3
15.5
42.0
64.2
79.7
80.8
75.2
86.1
82.3
85.2
79.2
74.7
75.1
74.3
56.6
65.1
45.7
12.0
16.9
14.8
5.1

140
10
4
6
5
95
30
12
18
34
15
19
31
12
34
23
2
21
7
2

13,855
1,258
621
636
1,446
8,139
2,848
1,414
1,435
3.068
1,559
1.509
2,223
1,268
955
1,345
739
607
1,667
538
431
698

8.757
464
149
315
1,049
6.439
2.333
1,159
1.174
2,444
1,241
1,204
1.661
963
699
644
435
209
161
111
21
29

63.2
36.9
24.0
49.5
72.5
79.1
81.9
82.0
81.9
79.7
79.6
79.8
74.7
75.9
73.1
47.9
58.9
34.5
9.7
20.6
4.9
4.2

8,210
379
125
254
896
6,152
2,224
1,102
1,121
2,309
1.181
1.128
1,620
930
689
623
427
197
159
108
21
29

59.3
30.2
20.2
39.9
62.0
75.6
78.1
78.0
78.2
75.3
75.8
74.8
72.9
73.4
72.2
46.3
57.8
32.4
9.5
20.2
4.9
4.2

37
5

Employed

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Percent
of
labor
force

Nonagricultural
industries

labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60to 64years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

15.235
709
219
491
1,667
11.410
4.049
1.927
2,122
4,399
2,277
2,122
2.962
1,712
1,251
1,166
789
377
283
172
66
45

1.092
162
62
100
299
590
240
137
104
247
104
143
103
72
31
29
10
19
11

7,062
335
93
242
782
5,275
1.832
828
1,003
2,098
1.096
1.002
1,345
781
564
547
367
180
124
63
45
16

544
78
39
39
146
304
131
80
51
111
44
67
61
40
21
8
2
7
9
3
6

8,173
375
125
249
885
6.136
2,217
1,098
1,119
2,301
1,181
1.120
1.617
930
687
619
422
197
159
108
21
29

547
84
23
61
153
287
109
57
53
135
60
76
42
32
9
21
8
13
2
2

6.6
18.3
21.8
16.6
15.1
4.9
5.6
6.6
4.6
5.3
4.3
6.2
3.3
4.0
2.4
2.4

1.2
4.6
3.8
32
I1 )
1

8.631
1,587
963
624
691
2.763
825
451
374
972
467
505
966
528
437
1.129
500
629
2 461
745
664
1.052

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19years
16to 17years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65to69years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

7.0
18.4
28.4
13.7

15.6
5.4
6.6
8.7
4.7
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.3
4.8
3.5
1.4
.4
3.2
6.4
(1)

(M

3,534
793
491
302
294
1.063
310
197
114
349
149
200
404
223
181
428
196
232
956
319
254
383

Women
16 years and over
16to 19years
16 to 17 years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in




the household survey.

23

5
11
17
7
4
3
8

6.2
18.2
15.8
19.3
14.6
4.5
4.7

4.9
4.5
5.5
4.8
6.3
2.5
3.4
1.3
3.3
1.9
6.1
1.4

2.1

(M
(M

5,097
794
472
322
397
1.700
515
255
260
623
318
305
562
305
257
701
304
397
1,506
427
410
669

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

207,236
138,240
66.7
132,552
3,320
129,232
5,688
4.1
68,996

209,216
140,403
67.1
135,215
3,330
131,885
5,188
3.7
68,813

91,302
69,848
76.5
67,463
2,339
65,124
2,385
3.4
21,454

92,303
70,616
76.5
68,389
2,252
66,136
2,227
3.2
21,687

99,923
60,604
60.7
58,354
111
57.577
2,250
3.7
39,318

100,809
61,790
61.3
59,785
867
58,917
2,005
3.2
39,019

16,011
7.787
48.6
6,735
204
6,531
1,052
13.5
8.224

16.104
7.998
49 7
7,042
210
6.832
956
12.0
8.106

172,730
115,633
66.9
111,439
3,095
108,344
4,194
3.6
57,097

174,092
117,281
67.4
113,458
3,096
110,362
3,823
3.3
56,811

77,265
59,548
77.1
57,758
2,165
55,594
1,790
3.0
17,716

77,970
59,958
76.9
58,327
2,084
56,244
1.631
2.7
18,012

82,798
49,486
59.8
47,862
739
47,122
1,624
3.3
33,312

83,406
50,532
60.6
49,101
820
48,281
1,431
2.8
32,874

12,667
6,599
52.1
5.819
191
5,628
780
11.8
6,069

12,716
6,791
53.4
6,030
192
5.838
761
11.2
5.925

24,765
16,159
65.2
14,979
133
14,846
1,180
7.3
8.606

25,135
16,504
65.7
15,412
177
15,235
1,092
6.6
8,631

9,885
7,092
71.7
6,661
114
6,547
431
6.1
2,793

10,065
7,324
72.8
6,858
130
6,728
467
6.4
2,741

12,405
8,222
66.3
7,681
19
7.662
541
6.6
4,184

12,597
8.293
65.8
7,830
32
7,798
463
5.6
4.304

2,475
845
34.1
637

2,473
886
35.8
724
15
709
162
18.3
1.587

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagncultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagncultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagncultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000. data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

24

637
208
24.6
1.630

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total. 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

18,628
12,784
5,845

9,009
5,505
3.504

48.4
43.1
60.0

8,281
4,943
3,339

1.565
449
1,116

6,717
4,494
2,223

728
562
166

202
112
90

526
450
76

10.2
47

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students

10,276
8,352
7.061
1,291

4,193
4,817
3,686
1,131

40.8
57.7
52.2
87.6

3,649
4.633
3.528
1.104

242
1.323
649
674

3.407
3.310
2.879
430

544
184
157
26

113
89
71
17

431
95
86
9

13.0
3.8
4.3
2.3

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

9,270
6,515
2.755

4,359
2.770
1.589

47.0
42.5
57.7

3.939
2.449
1,490

760
254
507

3.178
2.195
983

420
321

87
41
46

333
281
53

9.6
11.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5.429
3,842
3.276
565

2.240
2.119
1.626
493

41.3
55.2
49.6
87.2

1.924
2.014
1.537
478

177
583
282
302

1.748
1.431
1,255
176

315
105
90
15

45
42
36
6

271
63
54
9

14 1
49
55
3 1

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9.358
6,268
3,089

4.650
2.735
1.916

49.7
43.6
62.0

4.343
2.494
1.849

804
195
609

3.538
2.299
1,239

307
241
67

115
71
44

192
169
23

66
38

4,847
4,511
3,784
726

1,953
2,697
2,059
638

40.3
59.8
54.4
87.9

1,724
2,619
1,992
627

65
740
367
373

1,659
1,879
1,625
254

229
79
68
11

69
47
35
11

160
32
32

11 7
2.9
3.3
1.8

14,745
10,057
4,688

7,600
4,696
2,904

51.5
46.7
61.9

7,034
4.255
2.779

1,294
366
928

5.740
3.889
1.851

566
442
124

141
75
66

424
367
58

7.4
9.4
4.3

Men
Women

7,407
7,338

3.698
3.901

49.9
53.2

3,364
3.670

644
650

2.720
3.020

334
232

62
80

272
152

9.0

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students

8,000
6.745
5,717
1.029

3.558
4,042
3,115
927

44.5
59.9
54.5
90.1

3,136
3,898
2,992
906

194
1,100
532
567

2,942
2.798
2.460
338

422
144
123
22

74
67
55
13

348
77
68

11 8

2,582
1,921
662

954
560
394

36.9
29.2
59.5

824
466
358

215
66
149

609
400
209

130
94
35

50
29
20

80
65
15

13.6
16.9
9.0

Men
Women

1,221
1.361

435
519

35.6
38.1

367
457

94
121

273
336

68
62

18
31

50
31

15.6
11 9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,663
920
738
181

474
480
331
149

28.5
52.2
44.9
82.2

370
454
308
146

40
175
84
91

330
279
224
55

104
26
24
3

34
16
13
3

70
10
10

21 9
55
7 1

2,000
1,583
417

787
509
278

39.3
32.1
66.7

673
419
254

179
51
127

494
367
127

114
90
24

39
25
13

75
65
10

14.5
17.7
8.6

Men
Women .

1.018
982

411
375

40.4
38.2

347
326

92
87

255
239

64
49

21
17

43
32

15.7
13.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,396
604
475
129

425
361
247
114

30.5
59.8
52.0
88.2

333
340
227
113

42
136
67
69

290
204
160
44

93
21
20

29
10
9
1

64
11
11

21.8
5.8
8.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students ....

62

3b

White
Total. 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

59
3.6
3.9
2.3

Black
Total. 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total. 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

15,744
3.320
12,424

13,092
2,493
10,599

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

4,164
6,784
3,368
1,428

Men, I6to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Employed
Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

83.2
75.1
85.3

11,910
2.099
9,811

2.881
5,850
3,028
1,333

69.2
86.2
89.9
93.4

7,969
1.668
6.301

7,173
1.361
5.812

2,270
3,547
1.617
535

Unemployed
Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

Part
time

Total

10,173
1,563
8.611

1.737
537
1,200

1.182
394
789

1.070
370
701

112
24

9.0
15.8
7.4

2,421
5,339
2,862
1,288

1,927
4,556
2,487
1.203

494
783
375
85

460
512
166
45

408
481
136
45

52
30
30

16.0
8.7
55
34

900
81.6
92.2

6.541
1,142
5,400

5,856
924
4,932

685
217
467

632
219
413

591
216
375

41
3
38

8.8
16.1
7 1

1.842
3.273
1,535
523

81.2
92.3
94.9
97.8

1,580
3,023
1,433
505

1,375
2,687
1,314
481

205
336
120
23

263
250
101
18

241
244
88
18

21
6
14

14.2
7.6
6.6
35

7,775
1,652
6,123

5.919
1,132
4,787

76.1
68.6
78.2

5,369
958
4,411

4,317
638
3.679

1.052
320
732

550
174
376

479
153
326

71
21
50

9.3
15.4
79

1.894
3.237
1,750
893

1.039
2.577
1,493
810

54.8
79.6
85.3
90.7

841
2,316
1,429
783

553
1,869
1,174
722

289
447
255
61

197
262
65
27

167
237
48
27

30
24
16

19C
102
4 3
33

12,597
2,659
9,938

10.722
2,094
8,627

85.1
78.8

9,907
1,775
8,132

8,470
1,322
7,148

1,437
454
984

815
319
496

739
300
438

76
19
57

7.6
15.2
5.7

Men
Women

6,466
6,131

6,013
4,709

93.0
76.8

5,555
4,352

4,994
3,476

561
876

458
357

434
305

24
52

7.6
7.6

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,263
5,391
2,738
1.205

2.355
4,754
2.483
1,129

72.2
88.2
90.7
93.7

2.027
4.422
2.351
1.107

1,625
3.783
2.029
1.032

402
639
321
75

328
332
133
22

296
310
111
22

32
23
22

13.9
70
5.3
1 9

2,563
552
2,011

1.914
326
1,588

74.7
59.0
79.0

1,583
258
1,325

1,366
195
1,171

217
63
154

331
68
263

297
62
235

34
5
28

17.3
20.8
16.6

Men
Women

1.220
1,343

920
994

75.4
74.0

764
819

677
689

87
130

156
175

141
156

14
19

16.9
176

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

789
1,174
487
113

449
924
430
110

56.9
78.7
88.4
97.2

322
762
398
100

245
647
374
100

77
116
25

127
162
32
9

110
154
24
9

18
7
9

28 3
175
7 5
8.6

2,979
751
2,228

2,379
555
1,825

79.9
73.9
81.9

2,182
All
1,705

1,920
384
1.536

261
93
168

198
78
120

184
77
107

14
1
13

8.3
14 1
6.6

Men
Women

1,564
1,414

1,447
932

92.5
65.9

1,343
838

1,232
689

112
149

104
94

102
82

2
12

7.2
10.1

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,532
1,002
371
74

1,126
851
328
74

73.5
84.9
88.5

995
804
312
71

863
723
265
69

132
81
47
2

131
47
16
3

121
43
16
3

10
4

11.7
5.5
4.9

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, I 6 i o 24 years
I6to 19years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16to 24 years
16 to I9years
20 to 24 years

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE. In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Educational attainment

Women

Men

White

Black

Hispanic origin

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

174,844
118,302
67.7
115,024
65.8
3.278
2.8

82,452
62,879
76.3
61,017
74.0
1,861
3.0

83.248
63.215
75.9
61.499
73.9
1.716
2.7

90,831
53,951
59.4
52,135
57.4
1.816
3.4

91,597
55,087
60.1
53,525
58.4
1,562
2.8

145,726
97.856
67.2
95.110
65.3
2.745
2.8

146,750
98,959
67.4
96,517
65.8
2,442
2.5

19,690
13,525
68.7
12,800
65.0
724
5.4

19.990
13,636
68.2
13,005
65.1
631
4.6

16.557
11,438
69.1
10,815
65.3
623
5.4

17,252
12,102
70.1
11,612
67.3
490

27,991
11,971
42.8
11,170
39.9
802
6.7

28,069
12,007
42.8
11,286
40.2
721
6.0

13,205
7,319
55.4
6,894
52.2
424
5.8

13,085
7,189
54.9
6,849
52.3
340
4.7

14,786
4,653
31.5
4,275
28.9
378
8.1

14,984
4,818
32.2
4,437
29.6
381
7.9

22.310
9,593
43.0
9,031
40.5
562
5.9

22,380
9,683
43.3
9,164
40.9
519
5.4

4.322
1,730
40.0
1,542
35.7
188
10.9

4,327
1,680
38.8
1,522
35.2
158
9.4

7,021
4,085
58.2
3,800
54.1
285
7.0

7.192
4,290
59.7
4,038
56.2
252
5.9

57,945
37,551
64.8
36,253
62.6
1,297
3.5

58,015
37,699
65.0
36,474
62.9
1,226
3.3

26,263
19,843
75.6
19,207
73.1
635
3.2

26,693
19,934
74.7
19,228
72.0
706
3.5

31,682
17,708
55.9
17,046
53.8
662
3.7

31,322
17,766
56.7
17,246
55.1
520
2.9

49,043
31,385
64.0
30,445
62.1
940
3.0

48,950
31,428
64.2
30,530
62.4
898
2.9

7,014
4,931
70.3
4,633
66.1
298
6.0

7.175
5.032
70.1
4,768
66.4
265
5.3

4,683
3,404
72.7
3,216
68.7
188
5.5

4,964
3,682
74 2
3.542
71 4
140
38

43,059
31,889
74.1
30,953
71.9
936
2.9

43,896
32,522
74.1
31,684
72.2
838
2.6

19,955
16,164
81.0
15,723
78.8
442
2.7

20,190
16,317
80.8
15,918
78.8
398
2.4

23,104
15,725
68.1
15,230
65.9
495
3.1

23,705
16,205
68.4
15,766
66.5
439
2.7

36,139
26,421
73.1
25,696
71.1
724
2.7

36,975
27,051
73.2
26,412
71.4
639
2.4

5.182
4,138
79.9
3.982
76.8
156
3.8

5,279
4,205
79.7
4.058
76.9
147
3.5

3,020
2,422
80.2
2.319
76.8
103
4.3

3,187
2,515
78.9
2,455
77.0
59
24

30,197
21,896
72.5
21,196
70.2
700
3.2

30,364
21,989
72.4
21,389
70.4
600
2.7

14,179
11,259
79.4
10,926
11A
333
3.0

14,290
11,312
79.2
11,021
11A
291
2.6

16,019
10,637
66.4
10,269
64.1
367
3.5

16,074
10,677
66.4
10,368
64.5
309
2.9

25,142
17,927
71.3
17,394
69.2
532
3.0

25,402
18,078
71.2
17,620
69.4
458
2.5

3,883
3,088
79.5
2,963
76.3
125
4.0

3,890
3,086
79.3
2.975
76.5
111
3.6

2.233
1.769
79.2
1.694
75.9
74
4.2

2,322
1.812
78.1
1,771
76.3
41
2.3

12,861
9,993
77.7
9,757
75.9
236
2.4

13,532
10,532
77.8
10,295
76.1
238
2.3

5.776
4,905
84.9
4,797
83.0
108
2.2

5,900
5,004
84.8
4,897
83.0
107
2.1

7,085
5,088
71.8
4,960
70.0
128
2.5

7,632
5,528
72.4
5,398
70.7
130
2.4

10,997
8,494
77.2
8,302
75.5
192
2.3

11,573
8,973
77.5
8,792
76.0
180
2.0

1,299
1,051
80.9
1,019
78.4
32
3.0

1.389
1.120
80.6
1.084
78.0
36
3.2

44,289
35,418
80.0
34,776
78.5
642
1.8

44,864
36,074
80.4
35,581
79.3
493
1.4

23,029
19,553
84.9
19,193
83.3
360
1.8

23,279
19,775
85.0
19,504
83.8
271
1.4

21,259
15,865
74.6
15,583
73.3
282
1.8

21,585
16,298
75.5
16,076
74.5
222
1.4

38,233
30,456
79.7
29,938
78.3
518
1.7

38,446
30,797
80.1
30,410
79.1
386
1.3

3,171
2,726
85.9
2,643
83.4
82
3.0

3.209
2,718
84.7
2.657
82.8
61
2.3

Apr.
1999

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 173,283
116,829
Civilian labor force
67.4
Percent of population
113,152
Employed
65.3
Employment-population ratio
3,677
Unemployed
3.1
Unemployment rate

41

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

788
654
83.0
625
79.3
29 j
4.4 I

865
702
81.2
684
79 1
18
2.6

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes tne categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




1,832
1,527
83.4
1,480
80.8
47
3.1

1,910
1,615
84.6
1,576
82.5
39
2.4

included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
April 2000
Employed1

Unemployed

Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race
Total

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time for
economic
reasons

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total. 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

111,820
2,011
226
1,785
109,808
9,727
100,082
86,717
13,364

100,731
1,666
204
1,463
99,065
8,673
90,392
78,602
11,790

8,306
293
20
274
8,013
866
7,147
5,978
1,168

2,782
52
3
49
2,730
187
2,543
2,137
406

23,396
5.031
2,363
2,668
18,365
3,423
14,942
10,613
4,329

1,960
206
22
185
1,754
385
1,369
1,173
197

20,222
4,655
2,254
2,401
15,567
2,906

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

64,480
1,178
63,302
5,439
57,863
49,937
7,926

58,920
1,012
57,907
4,960
52,947
45,886
7,061

4,079
144
3,934
377
3,557
2,948
610

1,482
21
1,461
102
1,359
1,103
256

7,499
2,412
5,087
1,451
3,636
1,886
1,750

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

47,339
833
46,506
4,288
42,218
36,780
5,438

41,812
654
41,158
3,713
37,444
32,716
4,729

4,228
149
4,079
490
3,589
3,031
559

1,300
30
1,270
85
1,185
1,034
151

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

55,042
1,016
54,026
4,622
49,404
42,381
7,023

50,326
873
49,453
4,205
45,248
39,005
6,243

3,476
125
3,352
327
3,025
2,462
563

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

38,142
672
37,470
3,454
34,016
29,403
4,613

33,616
530
33,087
2,980
30,107
26,130
3,977

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,467
136
6,331
635
5,696
5,123
573

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6.881
124
6,757
686
6,071
5,494
577

12,661
8,840
3,820

1,214
170
88
82
1,044
132
913
600
312

4,137
482
115
366
3,656
791
2,865
2,572
293

1.051
474
359
116
57?
164
413
302
111

816
85
731
195
537
456
80

6,323
2,251
4,073
1,212
2,860
1.333
1,527

359
76
283
44
239
96
142

2,277
257
2,020
421
1,600
1,401
199

491
284
207
91
116
59
57

15,897
2,618
13,278
1,972
11,306
8,727
2,580

1.144
121
1,023
190
833
716
116

13,898
2,404
11,494
1,694
9,800
7,507
2,293

854
93
761
88
674
504
170

1,860
225
1,635
370
1,265
1,171
94

560
190
370
73
297
242
55

1,239
18
1,221
90
1,131
914
217

6,371
2,070
4,301
1,211
3,090
1,519
1.571

596
58
538
160
378
319
59

5,468
1,947
3,521
1,011
2,510
1,128
1.381

307
65
242
39
203
72
131

1,678
208
1,470
287
1.182
1,013
169

398
237
161
60
101
51
50

3,506
115
3,391
415
2,975
2,471
505

1,020
27
993
59
934
802
132

13,903
2,272
11,631
1,624
10,007
7,703
2,304

860
111
749
132
617
519
98

12,304
2,085
10,220
1,417
8,803
6,749
2,054

738
77
662
75
587
436
151

1,306
167
1.139
217
922
845
76

440
148
292
55
237
190
47

5,844
115
5,729
577
5,152
4,640
512

448
18
430
45
385
352
33

175
3
172
12
159
132
28

735
208
527
152
375
247
128

174
20
154
26
128
111
17

525
183
342
121
221
122
99

36
6
30
5
26
14
12

472
40
432
119
313
296
17

72
37
34
26
8
8

6,117
104
6,012
593
5,420
4,895
524

570
20
550
70
480
439
41

194

1,329
255
1,074
211
863
658
205

209
7
201
48
154
147
7

1,030
238
792
152
640
459
182

91
10
81
11
69
52
17

462
51
411
136
275
259
16

85
33
52
17
35
28
8

White

Black

194
23
171
161
11

2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




28

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
Apr.
1999

Total

16 years
and over

40,526
19,826
764

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,711
4,275

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

17,779
813
2,334

14,245
4,816
20,700
2,036
1,833

561
1,056
2.935
1,039
5,486
912
4,842

1,634
1,353
1,287
15,995
4,909
2,637

1.618
6,701
130

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr
2000

70,877

71,979

67,463

68,389

61,675

63,236

58,354

59,785

40,745
19,925
793
14,199
4,934

20,446
10,904

20,821

9,542
1.828
1,282

20,604
11,108
435
8,486
2,187
9,496
1,890
1,368
345
732
365
533
1,328
636
2,299

20,327
10,862
413
8,395
2,054
9,464
1,825
1,280
390
808
458
589
1,292
672
2,151

20,480
11,039
435
8,428
2,175
9,441
1.890
1,358
345
732
365
532
1,317
636
2,267

20,080
8,921
351
5,811
2,760
11,158
208
551
171
248
2.477
442
4.175
238
2,647

20,142
8,817
358
5,713
2.746
11,325
227
631
180
289
2,417
408
4,252
252
2,668

19,918
8,891
351
5,791
2,749
11,027
208
551
169
248
2,474
425
4.105
238
2,609

19,974
8,760
356
5,675
2,729
11,215
224
626
180
289
2.417
406
4.175
252
2,646

14,195
2,065
314
930
820
8,273
2,883
1,677
1,187
2.487
39
3.858
339
144
75
177
532
2,590

13,239
2,086
320
991
775
7,627
2,952
1,468
1,172
2.005
29
3,526
304
129
58
184
524
2,327

13,352
2,024
312
916
796
7,684
2,855
1,629
1.180
1,984
36
3,644
332
140
65
176
528
2,403

24,600
2,145
1,307
331
507
7,797
1,949
1.147
436
4.168
98
14,658
400
213
3,567
1,891
406
8,181

25,366
2,270
1,402
321
547
8,173
2,011
1,222
437
4.421
82
14.922
412
151
3,541
2,043
422
8,353

22,966
2,100
1,281
316
504
6,773
1.933
1,131
415
3,201
93
14,092
400
211
3,474
1,857
404
7,746

23,549
2,225
1,383
300
543
6,995
1,982
1.182
429
3.324
78
14,329
412
151
3,463
2,008
410
7,884

5.955
31
1,886
4.037
1,833
271
1.464
470

6,330
42
1,971
4,317
1,867
265
1,692
492

10,840
769
413
9,657
3,631
2.249
1,294
2,483

11,307
824
436
10,047
3.588
2.461
1,396
2,602

9,580
674
393
8,513
2,846
2,140
1,225
2,303

10,147
741
416
8,990
2,880
2,349
1,354
2.408

Apr.
2000

132,552 135,215

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

Women

Men

2,118
1,999
525

1,021
2,782
942
5,579
888
4,967
39,561
4,335
1,716

1,252
1,367
16,446
4,894

2,899
1,624
6,908
120

413
8,435
2,057

390
808
458
597

1,311
674
2,195
14,111
2,130
327
1,022

781
8,197
2,960
1,490

18,780
751

1,182
2,533
32
3,783
305

295
3,616
2,221
955
10,943

133
58
187
541
2,561
6,939
43

14,631
6,237
2,528
2,839
3,027

18,734
874
2,440
15,420
6,305
2.737
3,208
3.170

1,921
4,974
2,607
278
1,545
544

7,427
50
2,005
5,373
2,717
276
1,812
569

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,533
4,944
5,662
3,927

14,530
4,937
5,789
3,805

13,179
4,681
5,491
3,008

13,101
4,660
5,620
2,820

12,918
4,602
5,346
2,970

12,817
4,572
5,477
2,768

1,354
263
171
920

1,430
277
169
984

1,318
251
164
903

1,402
277
160
966

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,550
7,262
5,233
3,951
1,282
5,055
844
4,210

18,212
7,433
5,441
4,106
1,335
5,338
939
4,399

13,429
4,652
4,713
3,470
1,242
4,064
811
3,253

14,011
4,842
4,917
3,639
1,278
4,252
889
3,363

12,447
4,462
4,586
3,377
1,209
3,399
763
2,636

12,970
4,660
4,740
3,498
1,242
3,569
834
2,736

4,121
2,610
521
481
40
991
33
958

4,202
2,591
524
467
57
1,086
50
1,036

3,925
2,534
506
466
40
885
33
851

3,982
2,502
504
447
57
976
45
930

3,454
1,231
2,223

3,432
1,135
2,298

2,774
948
1.826

2,642
839
1,802

2,577
934
1,643

2,440
826
1,614

680
283
397

790
295
495

647
278
369

730
295
435

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

18,441
705
346
3,624
2,077

947
10,741

NOTE: Beginning i January 2000, data r f e t revised population controls
n
elc




used i the household survey.
n

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

132,552
100.0

135,215
100.0

70,877
100.0

71,979
100.0

61,675
100.0

63.236
100.0

30.6
15.0
15.6
29.2
3.2
12.1
13.9

30.1

28.8
15.4
13.5
19.9
3.0

28.6
15.4

32.6
14.5
18.1
39.9
3.5
12.6
23.8
17.6
1.2
.7

31.9

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Protessionai specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Tecnnicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

11.0
11.0
13.2
5.5
3.9
3.8
2.6

14.7
15.4
29.3
3.2
12.2
13.9
13.9
.6
1.8
11.4
10.7
13.5
5.5
4.0
3.9
2.5

111,439
100.0

113,458
100.0

60,731
100.0

31.6

31.0
15.4
15.6
29.4
3.2
12.6
13.6

29.9
16.3
13.6
19.8
2.9
11.9
5.0
8.9

13.4
.6
1.8

13.2

9.8
.1
2.7
7.0
18.6
18.9
6.6
6.6
5.7
3.9

19.7
2.9
11.5
5.4
10.3
.1
2.8
7.5
18.2
19.5
6.7
6.8
5.9
3.7

11.6
5.3

13.9
17.9
40.1
3.6
12.9
23.6

17.9
1.3
.7

15.7
2.2
6.7
4.2
.8
1.6
1.1

15.9
2.3
6.6
4.1
.8
1.7
1.2

61,413
100.0

50,708
100.0

52,045
100.0

29.4
16.3

33.7
15.0
18.6
40.8
3.5
13.2
24.1
15.9

32.8
14.3
18.5
40.8
3.6
13.2
23.9

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private nousehold and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

15.7
15.9
29.4
3.2
12.5
13.7
12.1
.6
1.6
9.9
11.5
12.6
5.1
3.8
3.6
2.8

12.6
.6
1.6
10.4

(V)
2.5
6.3
19.3
17.9
6.2
6.3
5.4
4.2

11.3
12.9
5.3
3.9
3.8
2.8

13.2
19.7
2.8

12.1
4.9
9.2

18.7
6.5
6.5
5.6
4.0

1.2
.5
14.2
2.1
6.2
3.9
.8
1.5
1.3

16.6
1.2
6
14.8
2.3
6.1
3.8
.8
1.6
1.5

(1)

2.6
6.6

19.0

Black
14,979
100.0

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

6,941
100.0

7,202
100.0

8,038
100.0

8,210
100.0

21.4

17.5
8.3
9.1

18.5
9.5
9.0
17.9
2.8
6.8
8.3
18.8

25.2
11.0
14.2
35.6
2.9
9.5
23.2
27.7
1.8
1.6
24.4
2.2
9.0
5.6
1.1
2.3
.2

23.9
10.4

18.6
8.3
18.3
7.2
5.6
5.5
1.3

1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




15,412
100.0

21.6
9.8
11.9
27.9
3.1
9.0
15.9
22.6
1.0
3.0

Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

10.0

11.4
28.7
3.1
8.9
16.6
22.7
.9
3.2
18.5
7.9
18.3
6.8
5.7
5.7
1.1

used in the household survey.

30

19.0
3.3
8.3
7.5
16.7
(

1

)

4.7
11.9
15.4
29.0
9.0
10.7
9.3
2.5

(1)

5.2
13.5
14.7
28.0
8.1
10.8
9.1
2.1

13.5

38.1
3.4
10.8

23.9
26.2
1.6
1.6
23.0
1.8

9.8
5.7
1.3
2.8
.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
April 2000
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
Techniemadminiscians
Profesployed
trative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial

AdminisPrivate
trative
Other
Sales support, houseservice1
hold
including
clerical

Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

3,330
548
8,876
20,152
12,483
7,669

112
84
1.231
3,107
1,936
1,171

108
51
172
1,909
1,283
627

62
17
63
621
432
189

23
3
104
699
275
424

115
42
379
2,021
1,132
888

13
2
25
239
137
102

43
219
5,199
3,733
2,640
1,092

15
11
126
5,977
3,558
2,419

45
97
541
699
406
294

19
23
1,022
1,046
589
457

2,775

9,619
27,785
5,531
22,254

1,307
2,620
654
1,967

643
567
120
446

341
248
46
202

269
11698
2,312
9,386

2,394
2,216
846
1,370

353
5,395
66
5,329

1,350
1,512
358
1,153

110
340
149
191

2,237
1,099
475
623

603
1,997
442
1,555

11
93
62
31

8,808
50,034
982
49,052
33,143
6,064

2,607
7,481
4
7,477
4,426
1,377

421
15,998
4
15,995
13,776
951

206
2,572
2
2,569
2,068
206

2,284
1,331

2,742
7,470

157
2,135

6
804

7,470
5,506
1,403

2,135
395
182

804
137
45

15
647
6
641
380
60

13
566

1,331
246
35

313
9,780
54
9,726
6,055
1,741

44
377
38
339
75
16

1

874
874

used in the household survey.

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

31

566
78
48

14
101
94
7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
April 2000
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

36
7
2
6
10

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,048

1,247

183
77
106
260
531
503
351
146
74

20
15
5
34
195
279
230
275
215

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,499

130
54
76
198
397
349
272
94
58

886
17
12
5
21
141
214
142
185
167

20
6

549
53
22
31
61
134
154
79
52
16

360
4
4
_
13
54
65
87
90
48

16
2
2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

14
1

1
3

Other
private
industries

Government

Unpaid
family
workers

122,992
6,766
2,473
4,293
12.617
28,743
33,401
26,595
11.784
3,086

103,558
6,438
2,405
4,034
11,523
24,850
28,201
20,634
9,388
2,523

982
103
47
56
131
134
222
180
147
64

102,576
6,335
2,357
3,978
11,392
24.716
27.979
20,454
9,241
2.459

19,434
328
69
259
1,094
3,893
5.199
5,961
2,396
563

8,794
51
14
37
229
1,413
2,572
2,441
1.407
680

99
14
8
6

64,254
3,400
1,222
2,178
6,553
15,320
17,655
13,496
6,208
1,623

56,003
3,273
1,198
2,075
6,080
13,615
15,500
11,083
5,119
1,333

90
16
5
10
15
12
21
12
10
4

55,913
3,257
1,193
2,064
6,065
13,603
15.479
11,070
5.109
1.329

8,251
127
24
103
473
1,705
2,154
2,413
1,089
289

5,296
34
7
26
115
762
1,551
1,507
873
455

24
5
5

58,738
3,366
1,251
2,115
6,064
13,424
15,746
13,099
5.576
1,463

47,555
3,165
1,206
1,959
5,443
11,235
12,701
9,551
4,269
1,190

892
88
42
46
116
122
202
167
137
60

46,663
3,078
1,164
1,913
5,327
11.113
12,499
9,384
4,132
1,130

11,184
201
45
156
621
2,189
3,045
3,548
1,307
273

3,498
18
7
11
114
651
1,022
933
533
226

75
9
3
6

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000. data reflect revised population controls




Private
household
workers

Selfemployed
workers

used in the household survey.

32

18
23
21
1 i

12

5
2
3
5
5

13
21
19
6
7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23.

Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
April 2000
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

1 to 34 hours
i t o 4 hours
5 t o 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

131,219

3.208

128,012

100.0

100.0

100.0

29,656
1,130
4,758
15,431
8,337

Total, 16 years and over

NOTE.

Agriculture

Percent distribution

861
5
1
219
428
163

28,795
1,080
4,538
15,003
8,174

22.6
.9
3.6
11.8
6.4

26.8
1.6
6.8
13.3
5.1

22.5
.8
3.5
11.7
6.4

101,563
8,708
51,762
41,093
14,557
15,440
11,096

2,347
197
869
1,281
263
441
577

99,216
8,511
50,892
39,812
14,295
14,999
10,519

77.4
6.6
39.4
31.3
11.1
11.8
8.5

73.2
6.1
27.1
39.9
8.2
13.8
18.0

77.5
6.6
39.8
31.1
11.2
11.7
8.2

39.8
43.7

41.3
47.3

39.7
43.6

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

29,656

8,306

21,350

28,795

8,073

20,723

3,043
1,827
986
99
130

1,202
1,016

1,841
811
986
44

2,933
1,768
957
78
130

1,158

1,775
780
957
38

26,614
880
6,055
734
7,155
1,965
2,800
89
448
6,487

7,105
104
771

19,509
776
5,284
734
7,051
1,965

6,914
104
752

2,800
89
448
2,789

3,698

25,862
871
5,900
710
7,000
1,857
2,770
89
369
6,296

2,770
89
369
2,726

3,569

24.1
21.1

25.1
25.3

23.4
19.5

24.1
21.2

25.1
25.4

23.5
19.6

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Usually
work
full time

55
130

103

used in the household survey.

33

40
130

103

18,948
766
5,148
710
6,897
1,857

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagriculturai industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

128,012

28,795

Wage and salary workers

119,645

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

2,933

6,914

18,948

99,216

39.7

43.6

26,299

2,590

6,477

17,232

93,346

39.6

43.3

523

33

4

16

13

490

48.5

49.3

7,131

1,114

259

532

323

6,017

41.1

42.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,314
11,987
7,327

1,876
1,071
805

226
98
128

968
667
301

683
307
376

17,438
10,916
6,522

42.7
43.0
42.1

43.5
43.6
43.4

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,930
25,509
7,916

1,355
8,165
1,232

193
809
66

498
1.100
444

664
6.256
722

7,575
17,343
6,684

42.1
37.2
40.8

43.5
43.0

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

44,411
948
43,463
5,911

11,650
534
11,116
873

996
52
944
37

2,431
53
2,378
486

8,223
429
7,794
349

32,761
413
32,347
5,039

38.5
29.7
38.7
41.0

43.2
41.8
43.3
42.4

8,268
99

2,429
67

337
7

435
3

1,658
57

5,839
32

41.0
31.0

47.2

Mining
Construction

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

34

44 i

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

For noneconomic
reasons
Total

For
economic
reasons

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

TOTAL

128,012
6,627
2,414
4,213
121,385
108,842
92,553
16,289

28,795
4,924
2,191
2,734
23,871
3,966
19,905
15,153
4,753

2,933
243
23
220
2,691
514
2,177
1,843
333

6,914
216
14
202
6,699
675
6,023
5,082
941

18,948
4,466
2,154
2,312
14,482
2,776
11,705
8,227
3,478

99,216
1,702
223
1,479
97,514
8,577
88,937
77,400
11,537

39.7
24.1
17.8
27.6
40.6
36.3
41.1
41.7
37.7

43.6
39.4
37.8
39.7
43.6
41.7
43.8
44.0
43.0

67,793
3,346
1,199
2,147
64,447
6,526
57,920
49,136
8,784

10,450
2,331
1,055
1,276
8,119
1,687
6,433
4,454
1,979

1,375
112
14
98
1,263
257
1,006
848
158

3,261
98
1
97
3,163
278
2,885
2,415
470

5,815
2,121
1,040
1,081
3,694
1,151
2,542
1,191
1,351

57,343
1,015
144
871
56,327
4,840
51,488
44,682
6,806

42.6
25.6
19.1
29.2
43.5
38.1
44.1
44.8
40.3

45.0
40.3
39.2
40.5
45.1
42.6
45.4
45.5
44.4

60.219
3,280
1,215
2,065

1.559
131
9
122
1,428
257
1,171
996
175

3,653
118
13
105
3,536
397
3,138
2,667
471

13,133
2,345
1,114
1,231
10,788
1,625
9,163
7,036
2,127

41,874
687
80
607

56,938
6,017
50,922
43,417
7,505

18,345
2,593
1,135
1,458
15,752
2,279
13,473
10,699
2,774

4,731

36.5
22.5
16.6
26.0
37.3
34.4
37.7
38.2
34.6

41.6
38.3
35.7
38.6
41.7
40.5
41.8
41.9
41.1

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

107,174
57,694
49,480

24,701
8,862
15,839

2,283
1,086
1,196

5,798
2,765
3,033

16,621
5,011
11,609

82,472
48,832
33,641

39.7
42.8
36.2

43.8
45.3
41.6

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,742
6,854
7,888

2,821
1,074
1,747

492
231
261

857
359
498

1,472
484
988

11,921
5,780
6,141

39.7
41.2
38.3

42.2
43.3
41.2

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

40,620
8,483
18,691

4,206
997
5,247

536
223
616

1.972
422
867

1,698
352
3,765

36,414
7,485

44.5
43.2
38.1

45.7
44.5
43.4

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

32,032
12,126
16,061

9,660
2,838
5,847

562
422
574

1,956
823
874

7,141
1,593
4,399

22,372
9,288

36.5
38.6
34.9

41.5
41.7
41.7

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

12,543

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women 16 years and over
16 to 19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

41,187
3,738
37,449
32,718

Race

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

35

13,443

10,214

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 2000
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians ana related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

127,918

28,723

39,638
19,470
20,168
38,346
4,203
15,935
18,208
18.138
840
2,366
14,932
14,132
17,664
7,224
5,243
5,196

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

2,917

6,887

18,919

6,445
2,451
3,994
10,239
815
4,517
4,908
7,045
483
377
6,186
1,797
3,196
831
944
1,421

388
161
226
767
37
416
313
812
46
44
723
403
548
159
169
219

2,093
953
1,140
2,119
290
674
1,155
888
44
117
728
890
896
367
255
274

3,964
1,336
2,628
7,353
487
3,426
3,440
5,345
393
216
4,735
504
1,753
305
520
928

67,568

10,353

1,361

3,238

20,164
10,875
9,289
13,835
2,011
8,063
3,761
7,227
47
1,942
5,238
12,751
13,592
4,706
4,735
4,151

2,108
1,013
1,095
2.430
289
1.369
773
2,021
21
237
1,763
1,546
2,248
443
735
1,070

181
93
88
194
15
104
74
225

923
490
433
606
126
285
195
267

21
204
354
407
87
144
177

60,350

18,370

19,474
8,595
10,879
24,511
2,193
7,872
14,447
10,911
793
425
9.694
1,381
4,072
2,519
508
1,045

4,337
1.438
2,899
7,809
526
3,148
4,135
5,024
462
140
4,423
251
948
389
209
351

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

39.7

43.6

33,193
17,019
16,174
28.107
3,389
11,418
13,300
11,092
357
1,989
8,746
12,335
14,467
6,393
4,299
3,775

42.6
44.4
40.9
37.9
39.6
38.9
36.5
34.8
29.1
42.5
33.9
42.2
40.4
41.5
42.6
36.7

45.4
46.3
44.4
42.5
42.3
44.8
40.7
42.2
41.4
45.3
41.6
43.2
43.0
42.5
45.4
41.0

5,754

57,215

42.6

45.1

85
182
804
637
212
224
201

1.004
430
574
1,631
147
980
503
1,528
21
131
1,377
387
1,203
143
368
693

18,056
9.862
8,194
11,405
1,722
6.694
2,989
5,205
26
1,704
3,475
11,205
11,344
4,263
4,000
3,081

45.7
46.9
44.3
42.0
42.0
43.4
39.1
38.1
(2)
43.8
36.0
42.5
41.2
42.5
43.3
37.1

47.3
48.1
46.3
45 4
43 8
47 *
42 5
43.7
(2)
45.9
42.6
43.4
43.6
43.3
45.6
41.3

1,555

3,649

13,166

41,980

36.5

41.6

207
68
139
573
22
312
239
587
46
22
519
48
141
73
25
43

1,170
463
707
1,513
164
390
960
621
44
32
545
86
259
155
31
73

2,960
907
2,054
5,723
340
2,446
2,937
3,816
372
86
3,359
117
549
161
153
235

15,137
7.157
7,980
16.702
1.667
4,724
10,312
5,887
331
285
5,271
1,130
3,123
2,130
299
694

39.4
41.4
37.9
35.5
37.5
34.3
35.9
32.7
29.1
36.5
32.8
39.5
37.9
39.6
35.7
34.9

43.1
437
42.5
40.7
40.8
41.7
40.2
41.0
41.3
41.9
40.9
41.6
40.8
41.0
42.1
39.8

99.195

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Worked
35 hours
or more

36

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Women
Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Apr.
1999

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

3.7
1.8
4.0
7.6

2,729
902
627
1,199

2,420
825
530
1,064

4.2
2.6
4.9
6.9

3.7
2.4
4.0
6.0

3.5
2.0
4.4
6.5

3.3
1.5
4.0
6.9

1,990
744
465
781

1,747
692
374
681

3.8
2.5
4.6
6.1

3.2
2.3
3.6
5.2

544
116
54
375

7.4
3.7
5.2
12.8

7.0
3.4
4.2
12.4

628
125
129
373

547
89
126
332

7.2
4.4
6.0
10.2

6.2
3.1
5.8
8.8

1,861
940
399
522

1,716
732
362
621

3.0
2.2
4.4
4.7

2.7
1.7
3.9
5.5

1,816
838
590
388

1,562
717
488
357

3.4
2.6
4.7
4.4

2.8
2.2
3.8
3.9

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,419
740
317
362

1,284
551
295
437

2.6
2.0
4.3
4.2

2.4
1.5
3.9
5.0

1,326
688
435
203

1,158
598
339
221

3.0
2.4
4.4
3.4

2.6
21
3.4
3.6

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

300
119
62

321
110
51
160

4.7
3.6
5.0
6.7

5.0
3.3
4.1
8.9

424
117
125
182

310
80

5.9
4.3
5.9
7.7

4.3
3.0
5.7
4.5

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,959
1,542

2,768
773
376
1,619

4.0
2.3
4.5
7.5

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2.204
791
333
1,079

2,076
583
307
1,187

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

552
128
64
360

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

NOTE:

1,001
417

119

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




Apr.
2000

controls used in the household survey.

37

123
107

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Apr.
1999

Men

Apr.
1999

Women

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

5,688

5,188

4.1

3.7

4.0

3.7

4.2

3.7

686
373
313

587
298
289

1.7
1.8
1.5

1.4
1.5
1.4

1.5
1.5
1.5

1.4
1.4
1.4

1.8
2.2
1.5

1.4
1.5
1.3

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,496
100
721
675

1,334
81
604
649

3.7
2.3
4.3
3.5

3.3
1.8
3.5
3.3

3.0
2.3
2.8
3.8

3.0
1.7
2.7
4.2

4.2
2.3
5.9
3.5

3.4
2.0
44

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,074
63
72
939

901
66
24

4.6
7.1
1.0
5.0

5.8
(2)
2.8
7.0

4.7

810

5.7
7.2
3.0
6.0

)
1.1
5.9

5.6
7.6
3.6
5.5

4.5
6.9
.4
4.5

575
128
281
167

523
118
262
143

3.8
2.5
4.7
4.1

3.5
2.3
4.3
3.6

3.8
2.6
4.6
4.2

3.3
2.3
4.2
3.1

3.7
1.2
7.2
3.8

4.9
2.2
8.8
5.0

1,177
406
243
528
174
354

1,254
463
259
532
99
433

6.3
5.3
4.4
9.5
17.1
7.8

6.4
5.9
4.5
9.1
9.5
9.0

6.2
4.6
4.6
9.7
15.8
8.1

5.9
4.9
4.6
8.3
9.6
7.9

6.5
6.5
3.3
8.2
(2)
6.6

8.3
7.6
38

Farming, forestry, and fishing

233

225

6.3

5.0

5.7

11.5

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

427
308
53
66

361
216
74
70

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Apr.
2000

Apr.
2000

2

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

12 0

12.2
7.6

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

38

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Women

Men

Total

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

5,688

5,188

4.1

3.7

4.0

3.7

4.2

3.7

4,496

4,185

4.2

3.9

4.1

3.8

4.4

4.0

Mining
Construction

41
551

14
404

7.5
7.8

2.5
5.6

8.2
7.9

2.9
5.6

3.1
6.9

5.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

687
396
41
18
10
14
35
75
55
70
39
31
27
50

807
492
52
49
19
37
40
112
68
60
38
22
14
43

3.4
3.1
5.3
2.6
1.5
1.8
2.6
3.0
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.5
7.0

3.9
3.9
6.4
7.8
2.9
4.5
3.2
4.4
3.4
2.4
2.7
1.9
1.9
5.9

3.0
3.0
6.1
2.4
1.0
1.7
2.6
3.3
2.8
2.3
2.6
2.0
3.3
6.8

3.4
3.6
7.1
6.0
3.7
5.6
2.6
4.2
2.4
2.2
2.5
1.8
2.0
4.1

4.2
3.4
1.5
3.1
3.5
1.8
2.6
2.1
2.5
5.3
4.5
6.5
3.9
7.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

291
70
21
59
23
59
27
29
3

315
90
31
47
17
67
22
35
7

3.7
4.2
3.6
8.0
3.5
3.4
2.2
3.5
.8

4.0
5.5
5.4
6.5
2.5
3.8
1.7
3.8
2.5

2.8
2.4
3.8
8.2
3.7
2.8
1.7
2.9
.4

3.1
2.7
6.0
3.9
2.6
3.5
1.8
3.8
3.3

5.2
8.0
3.4
7.9
2.6
4.2
3.1
4.7
2.2

5.3
10.3
4.6
7.9
2.5

218
152
66
1,388
172
1,216
230
1,382
488
894

219
162
57
1,302
164

2.9
3.2
2.3
5.2
3.5
5.6
2.8
3.9
2.3
6.3

2.8
3.4
1.9
4.8
3.1
5.2
2.3
3.5
1.9
5.6

3.0
3.5
2.0
4.2
2.9
4.7
3.1
3.8
1.8
5.5

2.8
3.3
1.8
4.2
3.0
4.6
2.0
3.8
2.1
5.0

2.6
2.4
2.9
6.3
4.8
6.5
2.6
4.0
2.5
7.1

3.0
3.8
2.0
5.4
3.3
5.7
2.5
3.3
1.9
6.2

178
587
427

165
478
361

8.5
2.0

7.5
1.6

7.3
2.0

7.3
1.7

11.9
1.9

8.C
1.5

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




1,138
186
1,252
406
846

Apr.

1999

Apr.
2000

used in the household survey.

39

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr
2000

4.9
4.6
3.2
11 9

5.3
5.0
4.9
3.0
3.3
2.5
1.8
8.2

4 1
1.6
3.8
1.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Men,
20 years
and over

Total,
16 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

5,688
2,633
835
1,797
1,263
534
754
1,874
427

5,188
2,248
692
1,556
1,081
475
778
1,802
361

2,385
1,473
481
992
693
299
326
554
32

2,227
1,288
406
881
598
283
318
558
64

2,250
1,043
297
745
536
210
337
783
87

2,005
800
239
561
404
157
332
792
80

1,052
117
56
61
35
26
91
537
308

46.3
14.7
31.6
13.3
33.0
7.5

43.3
13.3
30.0
15.0
34.7
6.9

61.8
20.2
41.6
13.7
23.2
1.3

57.8
18.2
39.6
14.3
25.0
2.9

46.3
13.2
33.1
15.0
34.8
3.9

39.9
11.9
28.0
16.6
39.5
4.0

1.9
.5
1.4
.3

1.6
.6
1.3
.3

2.1
.5
.8

1.8
.5
.8
.1

1.7
.6
1.3
.1

1.3
.5
1.3
.
1

Apr.
2000

White

Black

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

956
160
46
114
78
35
128
452
216

4,194
2,027
706
1,321
926
395
556
1,331
280

3,823 1,180 1,092
472
1,714
447
97
587
75
375
372
1,128
265
254
794
110
118
334
157
121
600
432
448
1.260
120
76
248

11.1
5.4
5.8
8.6
51.0
29.3

16.7
4.8
11.9
13.4
47.3
22.6

48.3
16.8
31.5
13.2
31.7
6.7

44.8
15.3
29.5
15.7
33.0
6.5

40.0
8.2
31.8
13.3
36.6
10.1

409
6.9
34.1
11.0
41.0
7.0

1.5
1.2
6.9
4.0

2.0
1.6
5.6
2.7

1.8
.5
1.2
.2

1.5
.5
11
.
.2

2.9
1.0
2.7
.7

2.7
.7
2.7
.5

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants

NOTE. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

40

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32.

Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)
April 2000
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,188
2,248
692
1,556
1,081
475
778
1,802
361

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.2
40.0
51.3
35.0
33.6
38.3
47.8
39.1
45.3

32.1
32.3
28.3
34.0
33.5
35.2
29.6
33.2
30.8

26.7
27.7
20.4
30.9
32.9
26.5
22.6
27.7
23.9

15.0
17.4
14.6
18.6
19.6
16.3
12.7
13.5
12.7

11.7
10.3
5.7
12.3
13.2
10.2
10.0
14.2
11.3

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,227
1,288
406
881
598
283
318
558
64

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.5
37.8
47.2
33.4
33.5
33.2
46.4
30.9

31.5
31.8
30.0
32.6
30.2
37.6
30.9
34.0

31.0
30.5
22.8
34.0
36.3
29.2
22.6
35.1

17.6
20.0
17.1
21.4
22.0
20.2
11.1
14.6

13.4
10.4
5.8
12.6
14.3
9.0
11.5
20.4

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,005
800
239
561
404
157
332
792
80

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.1
40.7
53.7
35.1
30.4
47.5
47.1
35.9
46.8

33.1
32.5
29.0
34.0
36.6
27.6
30.0
35.2
29.9

26.8
26.8
17.3
30.8
33.1
25.0
22.8
28.9
23.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent |Ob losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

956
160
46
114
78
35
128
452
216

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

52.3
54.7

31.5
35.3

16.2
10.0

Reentrants
N e w entrants

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

A-33.

1

(M

( )

( )

52.8
54.7
45.2

13.4
11.6
5.9
14.0
13.7
14.7
12.3
15.2
18.8

12.2
7.3

4.0
2.7

(M

1

( )
6.1
3.4
1
( )
22.1
11.7
11.1

7.9
6.1
1
( )
22.1
16.5
16.8

45.3
43.5
(1)
25.1
28.9
38.0

1

13.4
15.2
11.4
16.8
19.3
10.3
10.5
13.7
4.5

(M

1

46.7
50.4

(M

1.9
2.7
4.8
5.8

used in the household survey.

Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Apr.
1999
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5to 10weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr
2000

5,688
2,378
1,671

5,188
2,139

100.0
41.8

100.0
41.2

4,505
1,773

4,137

100.0

1,666
1,156
510

29.4
18.5
10.8
28.8
16.3

32.1
22.3
9.8
26.7
15.0
11.7
6.5
5.2

1,350

816
534

1,363
931
432

100.0
39.3
30.0

1,383
800
583
255
328

1,196
670
527
293
234

14.8
8.3

14.0
8.0

1,055
617
1,638
711
314
396

1,383
778
605
336
270

14.0
7.4

13.1
7.3

928

12.5
5.5
7.0

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

41

1,578

18.1

11.8
30.7
17.7
12.9
5.7
7.3

38.1
32.9
22.5
10.4
28.9
16.2
12.7
7.1
5.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
April 2000
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than

5 to 14
weeks

5 weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

7.3
4.3
6.1
7.2
8.8
9.8
9.6
7.9
7.6
4.2
5.9
7.4

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,188
956

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,139
500
456
440
373
221
104
45

1,666
301
288
368
417
166

2,768
541
512
555
553
353
174
81

1,127

2,420
415
443
537
593
283
116
33

1,012
208
207
221
199

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

3,823
2,076
1,747

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

954

1,092
1,146
636
290
114

1,383
155
210
285
355

778
117
130
163
202

605
38
80
122
152

249
93
37

124
35
7

125
58
29

13.1
7.8
11.2
13.2
14.8
16.9
16.1
24.9

866
165
136
188

775
84
127

188
114
56
18

190

454
61
81
96
113
72
25
7

321
23
46
53
77
60
38
24

13.7
8.2
12.7
13.6
14.5
16.3
17.5
30.7

800
136
152

609
136

284
16
34
69
75
65
20
5

12.4
7.4

180
229
52
37

324
56
49
67
89
52
11

17.6
14.1

8.4
9.5
8.6

93
32

292
248
218

174
106
56
31

148
132
62
32
71
83

9.5
12.9

9.3
9.9
10.2
11.0
7.0
4.5
6.3

14

165
117
31
5

1,680
882
798

1,180
636
544

963
558
405

530
331
199

433
227
206

12.4
12.8
12.0

6.7
7.1
6.0

1,092
544
547

365
199
165

396
179
217

331
166
165

195

89
105

137
77
60

15.1
16.8
13.4

8.9
89
89

773
376
1,619

268
153
706

231
114
521

274
110
391

162
60
232

112
50
159

15.4
13.2
12.9

9.5
7.1
6.8

825
530

363
173
476

250
214
336

212
144
252

109
58
157

103
86
95

12.5
15.4
10.9

6.3
8.6
6.1

115
48
14

15.1

Race

Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ..
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ..
Single (never married)

1,064

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

42

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35.

Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
April 2000
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

Weeks

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

587
1,334
901
523
1,254
225

231
545
391
196
527
82

188
451
311
165
384
55

168
338
199
162
342
88

77
189
111
106
200
48

165
408
812
493
319
249
1,310
189
1,384
86

70
150
324
208
116
76
577
71
585
28

36
108
260
162
98
88
450
58
444
31

59
150
228
123
105
85
284
60
355
27

361

163

111

86

Total

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

90
149
88
56
142
39

14.6
11.8
12.5
14.0
13.0
15.8

8.2
7.0
6.5
8.2
7.2
9.7

33
100
118
69
49
54
173
31
186
10

26
50
110
54
56
31
111
29
170
16

15.4
14.3
13.6
13.6
13.5
15.2
10.7
13.1
13.3
21.0

96
97
6.9
7.4
9.8
6.0
8.7
7.4
8.5

46

41

14.0

6.3

15 to 26
weeks

Total

27 weeks
and over

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support..
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

Public administration
N o previous work experience

1
includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

A-36.

7.1

used in the household survey.

Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

(In thousands)

Total

Age

Category
Apr.
1999

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year .
Searched for work in previous year*
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement.
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Apr.
2000

16 to 24
years
Apr.
1999

25 to 54
years

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

55 years
and over

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Men

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Women

Apr.
2000

Apr
1999

Apr
200C

68,996 68,813 12,542 12,271 18,733 18,422 37,721 38,120 25,628 25,740 43,368 43,073
64,199 64,391 10,560 10,521 16,719 16,500 36,919 37,370 23,576 23,833 40,623 40,558
4,797 4,422 1,982
1,749
2,014
801
1,922
1,907
750 2,052
2,745 2,515
2,723 2,563
939
1,183
911
1,082
1,037
601
570 1,080
1,526
1,643
2,074
1,858
1,043
838
831
841
200
180
870
973
1,102
989
817
538
643
394
218
242
37
32
273
348
469
371
1,257
505
1,215
444
623
590
163
597
148
632
625
618
245
1,012
149
246
109
508

330
885
117
217
92
459

69
436
25
206
17
187

1

106
338
22
193
28
94

142
448
97
40
70
240

173
450
88
23
48
291

34
129
26

51
97
7

22
81

15
74

156
468
38
123
47
260

198
399
23
125
43
208

88
544
111
123
62
248

132
486
94
9"!
49
251

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




Sex

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic

Number
Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

7,648
262
7,386
683
6,703
5,835
868
753
115

Men
Rate

1

Number

Women
Rate

1

Number

Rate1

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

7,737
297
7,440
779
6,661
5,847
814
657
157

5.8
3.9
5.9
5.4
5.9
6.1
5.0
5.7
3.0

5.7
4.2
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.0
4.6
4.8
3.9

4,012
123
3,889
286
3,603
3,089
514
444
70

4,060
123
3,937
360
3.577
3,126
450
352
99

5.7
3.6
5.8
4.4
5.9
6.0
5.4
6.1
3.1

5.6
3.4
5.8
5.2
5.8
6.0
4.7
4.8
4.3

3,635
139
3,496
396
3,100
2,746
354
309
45

3,677
174
3.503
419
3,084
2,721
363
305
59

5.9
4.2
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.2
4.6
5.1
2.7

5.8
5.0
5.9
6.7
5.8
6.0
4.5
4.9
3.3

6,444
876
429

6,645
762
458

5.8
5.8
3.2

5.9
4.9
3.2

3,385
478
241

3,519
387
287

5.6
6.9
3.0

5.7
5.4
3.4

3,058
398
188

3,126
375
172

6.0
5.0
3.4

6.0
46
29

4,346
1,375
1,927

4,335
1,358
2,043

5.7
6.6
5.5

5.6
6.3
5.6

2,631
505
877

2,566
508
986

6.1
5.7
4.6

5.9
5.6
5.0

1,715
870
1,050

1,769
850
1,057

5.1
7.2
6.5

5.2
6.7
6.3

4,269
1,615
282
1,446

4,256
1,596
348
1,501

2,442
496
214
841

2,453
509
228
859

1,827
1.119
67
605

1,803
1.087
120
642

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

44

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr.
2000

Apr.
1999

Apr
2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to49years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,772
5,608
554
1,937
3,117
2,164

7,713
5,057
367
1,614
3,076
2,656

6,498
5,013
503
1,730
2,780
1,484

6,128
4,337
312
1,397
2,628
1,791

6,314
4,886
477
1,690
2,718
1,429

5,983
4,212
300
1,359
2,552
1,771

184
128
26
40
62
56

145
125
12
37
76
20

2.8
2.5
5.1
2.3
2.2
3.8

2.4
2.9
4.0
2.7
2.9
1.1

21,049
9,410
7,191
4,448

22.171
9,595
7,695
4,882

19,122
8,726
6,581
3,815

20,151
8,861
6,999
4,291

18,573
8,459
6,396
3,717

19,666
8,605
6,861
4,200

550
267
185

485
256
138
91

2.9
3.1
2.8
2.6

2.4
29
2.0
2 1

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Service-producing

Construc- Manufaction
turing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government

Services
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages

1948.
1949 .

44,866
43,754

1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
19592

39,216
37,897

18,774
17,565

994
930

2,198
2,194

15,582
14,441

26,092
26,189

4,189
4,001

2,612
2,610

6,659
6,654

1,800
1,828

5,181
5,239

1,863
1,908

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39.170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963 .
1964 .
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

54.189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24.361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3.575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3.142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970.
1971 .
1972 .
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977 .
1978.
1979 .

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,^23

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19.367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50.007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58.125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17.315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5.466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6.668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999.

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690
125,826
128,615

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,133
106,007
108,455

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,962
25,347
25,240

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
596
590
535

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,691
5,985
6,273

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,675
18,772
18,432

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,727
100,480
103,375

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,408
6,600
6,792

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,831
7,004

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
21,966
22,296
22,787

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6.806
6,911
7,109
7,407
7,632

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,526
39,000

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686
2,669

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,582
4,612
4,695

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12.521
12,796

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted

1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November .
December .
2000:
January
February ...
MarchP
AprilP

128,134
128,162
128,443
128,816
128,945
129,048
129,332
129,589
129,898

108,035
108,085
108,338
108,663
108,735
108,830
109,095
109,320
109,583

25,288
25,199
25,180
25,247
25,148
25,186
25,198
25,257
25,283

538
531
526
528
524
527
528
527
529

6,277
6,239
6,258
6.270
6.246
6,293
6.314
6,369
6,393

18,473
18,429
18,396
18,449
18,378
18,366
18,356
18,361
18,361

102,846
102,963
103,263
103,569
103,797
103,862
104,134
104,332
104,615

6,750
6,758
6,781
6,799
6,813
6,831
6,841
6,862
6,897

6,965
6,977
6,993
7,012
7,031
7,041
7,064
7,070
7,088

22,724
22,748
22,796
22,903
22,888
22,862
22,891
22,902
22,973

7,611
7,621
7,636
7,647
7,650
7,653
7,668
7,675
7,685

38,697
38,782
38,952
39,055
39,205
39,257
39,433
39,554
39,657

2,688
2,666
2,664
2,656
2,651
2,654
2,643
2,648
2,645

4,688
4,677
4,675
4,682
4,706
4,717
4,722
4,729
4,730

12,723
12,734
12,766
12,815
12,853
12.847
12,872
12,892
12,940

130,292
130,319
130,777
131,117

109,927
109,937
110,237
110,470

25,410
25,382
25,471
25.431

530
532
536
540

6,504
6,484
6,574
6.519

18,376
18,366
18,361
18,372

104,882
104,937
105,306
105,686

6,902
6,898
6,914
6,937

7,108
7,121
7,142
7,145

23,018
23,016
23,041
23,160

7,685
7,698
7,689
7,696

39,804
39,822
39,980
40,101

2,665
2,702
2,818
2,887

4,727
4,725
4,733
4,739

12.973
12,955
12,989
13,021

1

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are
subject to revision.

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2




46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Construction

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.78
13.24

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
442.19
456.78

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.8

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.15
16.90
17.04

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
733.21
741.91
746.35

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.04
16.59
17.13

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
625.56
643.69
668.07

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

101.84

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
February ..
MarchP
AprilP

34.3
34.6
34.6
34.7
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.5
34.6

$13.16
13.19
13.14
13.15
13.20
13.38
13.41
13.43
13.47

$451.39
456.37
454.64
456.31
463.32
458.93
463.99
463.34
466.06

43.3
44.2
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.4
44.6
44.7
44.4

$16.93
17.00
16.93
17.12
17.01
17.10
17.00
16.95
17.13

$733.07
751.40
748.31
765.26
756.95
759.24
758.20
757.67
760.57

38.6
39.3
39.8
39.9
40.0
38.6
40.0
39.5
38.7

$16.85
17.02
17.08
17.22
17.26
17.41
17.49
17.37
17.42

$650.41
668.89
679.78
687.08
690.40
672.03
699.60
686.12
674.15

34.4
34.2
34.2
34.6

13.58
13.58
13.60
13.71

467.15
464.44
465.12
474.37

44.3
44.2
43.9
44.7

17.24
17.13
17.17
17.22

763.73
757.15
753.76
769.73

38.3
38.6
38.8
39.1

17.34
17.37
17.48
17.60

664.12
670.48
678.22
688.16

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.7

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49
13.91

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79
13.18

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53
580.05

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.92
15.31
15.67

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.32
604.75
606.43

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.4
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.45
14.06
14.59

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.48
539.90
560.26

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
February ..
MarchP
AprilP

41.6
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.8
41.7
42.0
42.2
42.5

$13.80
13.85
13.91
13.92
13.95
14.11
14.04
14.08
14.21

$13.10
13.14
13.17
13.20
13.20
13.33
13.27
13.31
13.41

$574.08
577.55
581.44
573.50
583.11
588.39
589.68
594.18
603.93

38.6
38.8
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4

$15.57
15.55
15.56
15.66
15.67
15.78
15.76
15.87
15.94

$601.00
603.34
606.84
609.17
617.40
607.53
605.18
607.82
612.10

38.3
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.5

$14.48
14.53
14.44
14.55
14.65
14.73
14.78
14.82
14.91

$554.58
560.86
554.50
558.72
566.96
564.16
570.51
569.09
574.04

41.6
41.5
41.5
41.7

14.19
14.19
14.22
14.30

13.47
13.47
13.50
13.56

590.30
588.89
590.13
596.31

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.7

15.95
16.02
16.01
16.14

609.29
610.36
608.38
624.62

38.5
38.2
38.2
38.9

15.06
14.95
14.94
15.13

579.81
571.09
570.71
588.56

See footnotes at end of table.




48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32

138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.33
8.73
9.08

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
240.74
253.17
263.32

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.34
14.06
14.61

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.57
511.78
528.88

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.85
13.38

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
418.91
436.19

102.68

108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
February ..
MarchP
AprilP

28.7
29.1
29.4
29.8
29.9
28.8
28.8
28.7
29.3

$9.03
9.03
9.02
9.02
9.04
9.18
9.20
9.21
9.25

$259.16
262.77
265.19
268.80
270.30
264.38
264.96
264.33
271.03

35.9
36.4
35.9
36.2
36.9
36.0
36.1
36.0
36.2

$14.61
14.72
14.50
14.53
14.61
14.63
14.68
14.73
14.75

$524.50
535.81
520.55
525.99
539.11
526.68
529.95
530.28
533.95

32.4
32.7
32.6
32.8
33.2
32.3
32.7
32.7
32.6

$13.32
13.34
13.23
13.20
13.25
13.48
13.54
13.60
13.69

$431.57
436.22
431.30
432.96
439.90
435.40
442.76
444.72
446.29

28.5
28.5
28.6
29.0

9.33
9.34
9.36
9.42

265.91
266.19
267.70
273.18

36.7
36.1
35.9
36.7

14.97
14.92
14.96
15.15

549.40
538.61
537.06
556.01

32.7
32.6
32.5
32.9

13.81
13.80
13.81
13.89

451.59
449.88
448.83
456.98

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are
subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

Apr.
Total
Total private
Goods-producing

2000

1999

Industry
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

128,134 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,945 129,048 129,332 129,589 129,898 130,292 130,319 130,777 131,117
108,035 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,735 108,830 109,095 109,320 109,583 109,927 109,937 110,237 110,470
25,288

25,199

25,180

25,247

25,148

25,186

25,198

25,257

25,283

25,410

25,382

25,471

25,431

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...,

538
49
86
294
109

531
49
86
287
109

526
48
84
285
109

528
48
85
285
110

524
47
83
285
109

527
48
83
287
109

528
48
82
289
109

527
49
82
288
108

529
48
82
291
108

530
49
81
292
108

532
48
80
296
108

536
48
79
301
108

540
48
79
305
108

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

6,277
1,428
874
3,975

6,239
1,427
854
3,958

6,258
1,430
857
3,971

6,270
1,432
857
3,981

6,246
1,426
852
3,968

6,293
1,440
857
3,996

6,314
1,445
861
4,008

6,369
1,450
870
4,049

6,393
1,454
878
4,061

6,504
1,474
900
4,130

6,484
1,480
881
4,123

6,574
1,492
903
4,179

6,519
1,482
889
4,148

18,473

18,429

18,396

18,449

18,378

18,366

18,356

18,361

18,361

18,376

18,366

18,361

18,372

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10,993
824
536
570
691
1,489
2,132
361

10,971
824
537
569
689
1,487
2,129
362

10,960
824
538
568
687
1,485
2,128
364

11,015
826
546
571
692
1,493
2,131
360

10,975
826
543
568
688
1,484
2,122
359

10,959
827
544
569
685
1,486
2,117
358

10,952
829
546
568
685
1,487
2,116
358

10,954
829
544
571
686
1,489
2,118
358

10,960
828
543
574
687
1,489
2,120
359

10,973
827
543
577
686
1,491
2,115
357

10,973
830
545
574
687
1,493
2,118
356

10,977
827
545
577
689
1,496
2,111
352

10,987
826
546
575
688
1,501
2,112
350

1,658

1,658

1,657

1,667

1,662

1,662

1,665

1,661

1,664

1,671

1,679

1,677

1,685

635
1,864
996
503
842
387

635
1,853
996
498
839
386

637
1,849
998
491
837
387

639
1,863
1,014
488
840
386

641
1,859
1,012
483
836
387

640
1,848
1,006
476
833
388

643
1,838
1,001
471
830
388

643
1,834
1,000
467
833
389

645
1,831
1,001
464
833
391

647
1,841
1,010
463
830
392

652
1,828
1,014
447
829
390

652
1,835
1,009
460
831
389

656
1,832
1,010
456
832
390

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

7,480
1,689
38
567
698
662
1,555
1,038
139
1,019
75

7,458
1,688
38
563
691
661
1,551
1,036
138
1,018
74

7,436
1,680
39
560
686
659
1,552
1,033
137
1,016
74

7,434
1,681
39
559
679
659
1,554
1,032
138
1,021
72

7,403
1,666
36
557
672
658
1,553
1,030
136
1,022
73

7,407
1,679
38
553
669
657
1,552
1,033
137
1,017
72

7,404
1,680
38
551
666
655
1,552
1,033
136
1,021
72

7,407
1,686
39
553
663
655
1,549
1,033
136
1,022
71

7,401
1,686
38
551
662
655
1,547
1,030
135
1,026
71

7,403
1,689
38
549
657
654
1,550
1,034
136
1,025
71

7,393
1,680
38
550
657
653
1,551
1,034
136
1,024
70

7,384
1,679
35
549
657
652
1,551
1,033
136
1,022
70

7,385
1,684
38
548
655
651
1,552
1,034
135
1,019
69

Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ..
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities .

Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

102,846 102,963 103,263 103,569 103,797 103,862 104,134 104,332 104,615 104,882 104,937 105,306 105,686
6,750
4,397
234

6,758
4,402
233

6,781
4,423
233

6,799
4,438
230

6,813
4,445
226

6,831
4,455
227

6,841
4,458
227

6,862
4,474
226

6,897
4,501
227

6,902
4,507
226

6,898
4,499
226

6,914
4,512
222

6,937
4,539
223

483
1,800
180
1,220
14
466
2,353
1,508
845

480
1,802
180
1,226
13
468
2,356
1,513
843

483
1,810
181
1,234
13
469
. 2,358
1,513
845

483
1,817
182
1,240
13
473
2,361
1,519
842

488
1,817
182
1,246
13
473
2,368
1,525
843

486
1,825
182
1,250
13
472
2,376
1,533
843

486
1,828
182
1,251
13
471
2,383
1,541
842

487
1,839
180
1,257
13
472
2,388
1,546
842

487
1,845
182
1,273
13
474
2,396
1,553
843

491
1,849
181
1,277
13
470
2,395
1,552
843

490
1,841
185
1,271
13
473
2,399
1,561
838

489
1,848
185
1,280
13
475
2,402
1,565
837

495
1,858
187
1,283
13
480
2,398
1,562
836

6,965
4,113
2,852

6,977
4,124
2,853

6,993
4,139
2,854

7,012
4,154
2.858

7,031
4,169
2,862

7,041
4,172
2,869

7,064
4,188
2,876

7,070
4,194
2,876

7,088
4,204
2,884

7,108
4,211
2,897

7,121
4,218
2,903

7,142
4,228
2,914

7,145
4,232
2,913

See footnotes at end of table.




50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,724
982
2,799
2,499
3,492

22,748
979
2,784
2,486
3,487

22,796
982
2,782
2,482
3,479

22,903
986
2,778
2,476
3,478

22,888
988
2,774
2,468
3,484

22,862
992
2,762
2,460
3,478

22,891
1,001
2,756
2,455
3,481

22,902
1,004
2,753
2,450
3,480

22,973
1,007
2,793
2,479
3,482

23,018
1,012
2,798
2,477
3,481

23,016
1,017
2,775
2,470
3,484

23,041
1,030
2,766
2,461
3,478

23,160
1,022
2,766
2,463
3,498

2,399
1,074
1,163
1,081
7,863
2,945

2,400
1,077
1,172
1,084
7,880
2,962

2,403
1,080
1,178
1,091
7,911
2,970

2,407
1,085
1,192
1,090
7,989
2,983

2,409
1,089
1,191
1,094
7,960
2,988

2,415
1,091
1,189
1,097
7,932
2,997

2,420
1,092
1,200
1,099
7,925
3,009

2,424
1,096
1,198
1,095
7,943
3,005

2,432
1,097
1,177
1,102
7,986
2,994

2,445
1,100
1,178
1,102
7,987
3,015

2,442
1,103
1,193
1,107
7,980
3,018

2,454
1,108
1,195
1,115
7,981
3,022

2,455
1,109
1,204
1,119
8,061
3,035

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service

7,611
3,697
2,050
1,467
257
716
370
668
263
2,395
1,631

7,621
3,706
2,047
1,465
256
720
374
672
267
2,399
1,635

7,636
3,709
2,045
1,463
256
721
372
676
267
2,402
1,638

7,647
3,715
2,044
1,462
256

7,653
3,715
2,047
1,466
255
713

1,632

712
274
2,412
1,636

717
274
2,410
1,633

7,696
3,732
2,036
1,455
247
699
341
725
272
2,412

1,636

2,416
1,639

7,685
3,726
2,040
1,458
251
708
353
705
273
2,406

7,689
3,726
2,034
1,456
247
701
344

269
2,410
1,637

7,675
3,723
2,044
1,460
254
711
357
697
271
2,411
1,636

7,698
3,732
2,038
1,457
250
708
352

685
266
2,407

7,668
3,719
2,047
1,464
254
711
358
691
270
2,414
1,641

7,685
3,727
2,040

369
682
268
2,404
1,635

7,650
3,716
2,046
1,464
255
719
366

764
1,519

764
1,516

764
1,525

769
1,528

771
1,527

773
1,528

773
1,535

lib
1,541

111
1,542

774
1,553

776
1,554

111
1,553

778
1,552

38,697
755
1,791

38,952
757
1,797

39,055
760

39,205
757

1,200

1,807
1,207

1,813
1,207

9,088
984
3,387
3,000

9,148
992
3,422
3,025

9,186
998

39,257
763
1,811
1,210
9,204
1,000
3,440
3,032

39,433
766
1,806
1,210
9,303
1,003
3,490
3,099

39,554
774
1,812
1,214
9,336
1,003
3,501
3,097

39,657
765
1,807
1,225
9,392
1,000
3,513
3,108

39,804
788

9,010
978
3,350
2,975

38,782
751
1,786
1,189
9,047
979
3,366
2,986

1,231
9,416
999
3,505
3,100

39,822
782
1,805
1,228
9,424
1,003
3,523
3,119

39,980
799
1,822
1,234
9,482
1,008
3,556
3,148

40,101
798
1,835
1,235
9,537
1,004
3,613
3,194

1,749
1,178
396
587
1,668
9,951
1,856
1,753
3,966
656
998
2,254
2,755
628
772

1,765
1,182
398
604
1,675
9,954
1,860
1,755
3,966
653
999
2,265
2,760
629
775

1,781
1,184
395

1,823
1,196
400

1,852
1,202
403

1,859
1,202
406

1,755
3,969
653
1,002
2,272
2,778
633

1,754
3,968
655
1,000
2,278
2,763
632

111

781

792

616
1,759
10,057
1,895
1,760
3,992
658
1,017
2,297
2,872
657
803

609
1,762
10,059
1,898
1,762
3,989
656
1,014
2,298
2,876
655
807

1,868
1,196
407
608
1,763
10,071
1,907

1,876
1,196
407

1,868

1,829
1,197
400
613
1,734
10,026
1,885
1,756
3,978
658
1,012
2,298
2,840
646
796

1,842
1,198
405
609
1,725

1,864

1,806
1,185
396
608
1,712
9,993
1,874
1,755
3,973
658

1,814

9,964

1,794
1,185
395
609
1,694
9,975

94
2,392
3,370
939
1,133

93
2,394
3,391
940

94
2,409
3,411
942
1,153

94
2,403

96
2,411
3,496
959
1,196

96
2,420
3,532
973
1,220

95
2,420
3,544
976
1,218

20,105
2,664
1,789
4,675
1,934
2,741
12,766
7,239
5,527

Real estate
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

1,204

20,099
2,688
1,809
4,688
1,955
2,733
12,723
7,206
5,517

1,143

20,077
2,666
1,788
4,677
1,941
2,736
12,734
7,225
5,509

611
1,695

721

3,418
3,024

1,190
398
608

612

1,713
9,999

1,730
10,009
1,880
1,756
3,978
658
1,009
2,288

1,876
1,756

2,799
631
785

3,977
657
1,007
2,289
2,803
631
788

1,165

95
2,409
3,458
948
1,178

94
2,408
3,464
948
1,180

95
2,409
3,487
954
1,193

20,153
2,656
1,779
4,682
1,947
2,735
12,815
7,268
5,547

20,210
2,651
1,779
4,706
1,965
2,741
12,853
7,308
5,545

20,218
2,654
1,785
4,717
1,965
2,752
12,847
7,295
5,552

20,237
2,643
1,780
4,722
1,960
2,762
12,872
7,305
5,567

3,441
948

1,004
2,288

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998




361
686

2,817
634

20,269
2,648
1,780
4,729
1,967
2,762
12,892
7,318
5,574

1,458
252
713
357
702
272

10,038

1,886
1,759
3,985
659
1,015
2,304
2,850
650
801
95
2,418

3,515
964
1,213
20,315
2,645
1,780
4,730
1,969
2,761
12,940
7,351
5,589

1,800

20,365
2,665
1,799
4,727
1,967
2,760
12,973
7,365
5,608

20,382
2,702
1,836
4,725
1,962
2,763

12,955
7,347
5,608

1,634

617

1,778
10,078
1,912

1,763

1,763

3,990
653
1,014

3,987
654
1,010
2,332
2,900
659
816

2,321

2,889
660
810

96
2,422
3,558
977
1,225

98
2,420
3,561
980

20,540
2,818
1,953
4,733
1,967
2,766
12,989
7,365
5,624

20,647
2,887
2,022
4,739
1,969
2,770
13,021
7,398
5,623

1,226

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
Feb.
Total
Total private

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

61,767 61,852 62,008 62,035 62,227 62,409 62,466 62,552 62,645 62,738 62,842 63,032 63,086
50,524 50,591 50,734 50,771 50,916 51,075 51,094 51,154 51,245 51,322 51,388 51,528 51,586
6,658

6,647

6,643

6,630

6,632

6,640

6,617

6,612

6,610

6,608

6,618

6,629

6,629

82

82

79

78

78

78

76

76

75

74

74

73

73

687

689

695

695

700

701

704

705

708

710

715

720

725

5,889

5,876

5,869

5,857

5,854

5,861

5,837

5,831

5,827

5,824

5,829

5,836

5,831

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,930
148
170
104
102
338
466
677
405
(1)
168

2,924
149
169
104
102
336
464
675
407
(1)
168

2,926
148
170
103
101
339
464
676
405
(1)
169

2,922
149
171
102
101
339
464
675
404
(1)
168

2,927
149
171
103
101
339
466
675
404
(1)
169

2,944
150
175
104
100
342
466
680
408
(1)
170

2,928
150
174
102
100
338
465
676
406
(1)
169

2,924
150
173
102
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,925
151
175
101
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,924
151
174
102
101
339
467
675
398
(1)
170

2,930
151
175
103
101
339
469
675
400
(1)
171

2,934
152
175
103
100
339
469
677
402
171

2,935
153
175
103
100
340
467
678
403
(1)
169

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,959
557
13
267
513
161
701
335
25
346
41

2,952
557
12
266
508
161
701
336
25
346
40

2,943
554
12
263
503
161
700
336
25
349
40

2,935
556
12
261
498
160
698
337
25
349
39

2,927
555
12
259
494
160
699
336
24
348
40

2,917
552
13
259
488
160
700
334
24
349
38

2,909
550
11
258
481
160
700
335
24
351
39

2,907
551
12
256
479
161
700
337
24
349
38

2,902
553
12
254
475
160
699
337
24
350
38

2,900
555
12
255
473
160
697
337
23
350
38

2,899
558
12
255
471
161
696
335
23
351
37

2,902
559
12
255
467
161
700
336
24
350
38

2,896
555
12
255
466
162
700
335
24
350
37

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

(D

55,109 55,205 55,365 55,405 55,595 55,769 55,849 55,940 56,035 56,130 56,224 56,403 56,457

Transportation and public utilities

2,048

2,049

2,054

2,059

2,073

2,072

2,087

2,094

2,099

2,111

2,115

2,134

2,135

Wholesale trade

2,127

2,132

2,140

2,140

2,148

2,153

2,159

2,164

2,170

2,175

2,186

2,197

2,204

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,923 11,937 11,974 11,998 12,008 12,070 12,031 12,014 11,999 12,002 12,003 12,037 12,051
4,751

4,753

4,752

4,753

4,769

4,775

4,786

4,790

4,796

4,792

4,791

4,797

4,803

Services

23,017 23,073 23,171 23,191 23,286 23,365 23,414 23,480 23,571 23,634 23,675 23,734 23,764

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,243 11,261 11,274 11,264 11,311 11,334 11,372 11,398 11,400 11,416 11,454 11,504 11,500
1,163
1,148 1,149 1,133 1,124 1,126 1,125 1,124 1,129 1,125 1,133 1,125 1,141
2,403 2,407 2,414 2,413 2,415 2,411 2,420 2,431 2,434 2,445 2,443 2,445 2,446
7,692 7,705 7,727 7,727 7,770 7,798 7,828 7,838 7,841
7,838 7,886 7,918 7,891

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Total private

88,358 88,428 88,613 88,882 88,908 89,044 89,262 89,435 89,607 89,969 89,954 90,295 90,471

Goods-producing

17,926 17,872 17,849 17,920 17,826 17,871 17,888 17,941 17,955 18,099 18,016 18,123 18,073

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

403

398

396

396

395

398

402

400

403

401

402

404

408

4,827

4,812

4,830

4,833

4,809

4,856

4,878

4,928

4,939

5,071

4,997

5,117

5,053

12,696 12,662 12,623 12,691 12,622 12,617 12,608 12,613 12,613 12,627 12,617 12,602 12,612

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,519
677
427
446
539
1,119
1,347
1,037
1,232
757
(2)
269

7,504
676
428
446
538
1,118
1,346
1,033
1,226
758
(2)
268

7,487
676
429
445
535
1,115
1,343
1,030
1,222
757
(2)
268

7,549
678
435
448
540
1,125
1,347
1,045
1,237
775
(2)
268

7,513
676
434
443
537
1,115
1,335
1,038
1,243
779
(2)
268

7,496
677
433
444
536
1,116
1,333
1,035
1,231
770
(2)
269

7,489
679
435
443
535
1,117
1,331
1,035
1,222
765
(2)
269

7,487
679
434
445
536
1,118
1,333
1,031
1,219
765
(2)
269

7,485
678
432
447
537
1,119
1,334
1,029
1,219
766
(2)
271

7,505
679
431
451
537
1,121
1,335
1,033
1,230
778
(2)
271

7,507
679
432
447
538
1,123
1,341
1,035
1,228
777
(2)
269

7,501
677
432
448
540
1,126
1,335
1,038
1,222
770
(2)
268

7,509
677
434
448
538
1,130
1,334
1,044
1,219
773
(2)
268

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,177
1,259
29
479
558
502
829
583
92
790
56

5,158
1,258
28
476
553
501
827
582
90
788
55

5,136
1,252
29
473
546
500
827
580
89
785
55

5,142
1,258
29
474
539
500
826
580
91
792
53

5,109
1,240
25
471
535
497
826
578
90
793
54

5,121
1,253
27
469
532
498
826
582
90
790
54

5,119
1,254
27
466
528
496
827
584
90
794
53

5,126
1,260
27
468
527
497
825
586
89
795
52

5,128
1,262
27
466
526
499
823
587
87
799
52

5,122
1.262
26
464
523
497
824
590
85
799
52

5,110
1,253
27
465
522
497
826
588
83
798
51

5,101
1,251
24
464
524
495
828
587
80
797
51

5,103
1,257
27
463
523
494
829
586
79
795
50

Service-producing

70,432 70,556 70,764 70,962 71,082 71,173 71,374 71,494 71,652 71,870 71,938 72,172 72,398

Transportation and public utilities

5,600

5,602

5,620

5,624

5,634

5,655

5,661

5,678

5,688

5,725

5,719

5,751

5,773

Wholesale trade

5,592

5,600

5,610

5,620

5,631

5,639

5,654

5,661

5,678

5,692

5,709

5,729

5,722

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

19,976 20,009 20,055 20,164 20,145 20,120 20,122 20,146 20,202 20,255 20,256 20,299 20,387
5,580

5,583

5,591

5,600

5,594

5,603

5,605

5,607

5,611

5,617

5,609

5,603

33,684 33,762 33,888 33,954 34,076 34,165 34,334 34.404 34,477 34,587 34,637 34,784 34,913

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,596

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

49.6
56.2
63.8
54.4
57.7

64.9
61.0
57.9
58.3
54.1

59.4
61.9
58.8
52.1
P57.2

55.1
62.8
60.5
58.8
P55.3

61.9
58.8
55.9
51.5

60.8
56.3
57.9
57.0

57.0
60.7
58.0
57.6

62.5
61.0
55.8
50.0

57.3
59.4
54.6
55.1

63.5
65.4
52.9
57.2

59.7
63.6
59.1
57.9

61.2
62.1
58.6
57.7

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.6
63.8
66.7
60.7
60.5

62.5
63.6
66.2
55.9
P61.5

63.3
67.7
64.5
59.6
p
60.3

63.1
67.3
63.9
54.6

63.1
62.6
61.4
56.3

64.3
61.7
58.7
56.2

64.3
61.4
60.0
56.2

62.2
66.2
58.4
59.0

64.6
67.3
57.6
57.4

64.2
69.9
57.6
59.6

66.2
70.8
59.0
60.8

63.2
71.2
60.4
60.5

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.6
67.4
70.6
61.1
P64.3

65.2
68.3
66.9
58.8

64.5
65.6
65.9
57.3

65.2
67.0
62.4
59.0

64.7
65.6
62.6
55.2

64.6
64.9
61.1
57.4

67.0
66.3
58.0
56.9

65.4
68.4
59.8
61.5

65.9
69.7
60.0
61.0

66.7
71.3
60.8
59.7

66.9
71.3
60.8
62.9

66.7
71.9
58.0
P64.2

64.5
69.0
70.4
60.1

66.7
67.3
68.3
57.3

64.5
68.3
67.1
57.0

65.6
69.7
64.0
57.6

68.5
69.5
62.1
58.7

67.3
70.1
61.7
59.0

67.7
70.1
61.8
58.8

66.4
70.4
63.8
57.9

68.0
70.5
59.8
P61.9

69.9
69.7
59.0
P62.5

68.7
69.8
59.3

66.9
71.3
58.6

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1 -month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

42.4
50.0
58.6
40.3
51.1

55.4
52.9
51.8
42.4
49.3

46.8
53.6
50.4
39.6
P45.0

41.0
56.1
50.4
44.6
P52.5

55.8
52.2
40.6
36.3

51.4
53.2
46.8
45.3

47.1
51.1
40.3
57.2

56.5
55.4
45.3
38.5

48.9
53.6
42.1
42.8

55.0
62.2
36.3
48.9

50.7
61.2
39.9
50.7

54.0
55.4
45.0
49.3

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

46.8
51.8
59.4
37.4
49.6

46.0
51.4
57.9
31.7
P49.6

43.5
57.6
51.8
37.1
P48.2

46.0
56.8
44.2
30.2

48.2
54.3
41.7
33.8

51.1
51.8
34.9
43.9

51.8
53.6
37.4
43.2

49.6
55.4
37.1
44.6

53.2
59.7
38.1
38.5

52.5
68.3
34.2
46.4

55.0
65.8
35.6
50.0

50.7
64.4
35.3
50.4

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

41.4
54.7
59.7
33.1
P52.5

46.0
54.0
49.3
29.1

45.7
51.4
48.2
28.1

47.1
54.3
36.7
36.0

46.0
52.5
36.7
30.9

48.6
52.2
36.7
34.5

52.9
55.4
28.4
36.3

50.4
61.2
31.3
44.6

51.8
61.5
33.5
45.7

51.4
64.7
35.3
41.4

52.5
66.2
32.7
47.8

51.8
65.1
28.1
P50.7

43.5
54.7
54.0
32.7

47.5
52.5
49.3
25.9

45.3
54.0
46.0
28.4

45.3
54.0
40.6
29.5

50.4
55.4
35.6
29.9

49.6
56.8
33.8
31.7

50.4
57.2
30.9
34.9

48.6
57.9
32.0
32.7

51.1
58.3
26.6
P40.3

55.0
56.5
26.6
P40.6

54.3
55.4
25.5

50.7
57.2
26.3

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1 -, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1995) are subject to revision.
54

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.
Total

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

1

1,914.2 1.917.7 1.927.8 1,930 5 1,937.1 1,935.7 1,937.3 1,940.5 1,941.7 1,946.9 1,947.9
278.7
278.7
276.3
276.8
278.0
278.1
278.9
277.3
280.1
279.8
280.3
2,148.2 2,156.7 2,170.3 2,172.8 2,179.0 2,188.0 2,190.5 2,203.0 2,214.7 2,222.5 2,226.6
1.137.0 1,137.7 1,140.4 1,141.3 1,142.4 1,149.1 1,151.5 1,153.8 1,158.2 1.162.3 1,163.4
13,924.8 13,948.3 14.001.8 14,033.4 14,063.8 14,083.9 14,120.9 14,171.3 14,211.5 14.252.5 14,268.1

1,916.0
276.0
2,128.5
1,136.6
13,855.5

1,913.3
276.2
2,141.6
1,137.5
13,900.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

2,106.9
1,665.1
410.1
614.9
6,795.9

2,119.4
1,669.1
410.1
612.6
6,806.3

2,123.8
1,668.8
410.1
613.6
6,832.5

2,132.0
1,670.7
410.6
614.3
6,856.1

2,146.7
1,675.2
409.5
615.3
6,885.3

2.148 0
1,676.2
413.4
617.0
6,909.7

2,152.2
1,674.3
413.7
617.1
6,934.1

2,156.4
1,674.7
415.3
618.1
6,965.4

2,161.8
1,678.2
416.0
619.2
6,990.2

2 166.5
1,680.7
417.4
620.8
7,016.6

2,171.4
1,685.3
415.8
620.7
7,032.2

2,182.1
1,686.8
419.6
621.2
7,061.0

2,189.9
1,692.6
421.2
619.8
7,086.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,838.3
529.5
532.9
5,943.4
2,951.8

3,858.3
530.6
533.6
5,953.4
2,959.9

3,870.2
531.6
535.8
5,953.7
2,968.0

3,879.6
533.8
538.4
5,966.6
2,968.2

3,899.8
534.9
540.2
5,972.5
2,980.7

3.916.1
538.8
542.6
5,968.1
2,980.6

3,931.7
541.2
542.2
5,970.3
2,980.2

3,932.8
537.1
547.9
5,972.9
2,982.1

3,939.1
537.3
547.9
5,979.3
2,984.8

3,948.1
536.8
548.9
5,983.6
2,986.8

3,971.5
535.9
546.2
5,948.2
2,986.3

3,974.1
537.2
551.5
5,985.5
2,986.4

3,997.3
539.6
555.2
6,001.1
2,988.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,464.4
1,324.7
1,781.4
1,896.0
582.7

1,467.8
1,322.5
1,791.0
1,891.4
583.2

1,467.5
1,320.8
1,791.9
1,888.7
582.7

1,469.2
1,324.4
1,795.8
1.889.9
584.9

1,467.3
1,326.5
1.793.2
1,896.0
586.1

1,465.3
1,325.3
1,799.3
1,898.1
586.2

1,466.8
1,323.7
1,801.0
1,900.9
588.8

1,466.9
1,333.2
1,804.2
1,904.8
590.2

1,469.4
1,337.2
1,809.6
1,907.8
591.8

1,473.4
1,339.9
1.813.9
1,907.4
593.1

1,477.3
1,340.0
1,822.5
1,899.2
593.1

1,481.2
1,339.6
1,825.9
1,905.1
597.7

1,485.2
1,343.1
1,827.9
1,909.7
599.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,367.5
3,214.2
4,515.5
2,592.1
1,148.9

2,375.9
3,225.6
4,525.1
2,601.5
1.152.7

2,378.5
3,223.8
4,526.6
2,600.2
1,153.1

2,380.3
3,231.3
4,531.5
2,604.4
1,156.7

2,368.4
3.243.3
4,541.6
2,614.4
1,161.2

2,372.6
3,247.8
4,542.6
2,617.0
1,161.5

2,396.3
3,253.4
4,543.7
2,619.6
1,162.0

2,401.2
3,255.6
4,538.5
2,623.9
1,160.3

2.406.3
3,255.5
4,544.7
2,627.0
1,158.4

2,409.8
3,264.3
4,549.5
2,632.7
1,156.9

2,427.5
3,270.6
4,547.6
2,637.6
1,159.4

2,424.6
3,273.9
4,548.0
2.648.2
1,158.9

2,433.9
3,275.1
4,554.1
2,649.2
1,159.9

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,711.5
379.9
886.6
970.6
601.4

2,715.7
379.9
887.9
975.3
603.9

2.716.5
379.6
888.3
979.0
603.6

2,722.5
380.5
891.7
980.1
605.5

2,727.8
383.2
897.8
988.8
606.8

2,725.8
382.9
894.9
994.4
608.3

2,740.4
383.4
894.8
996.0
607.8

2,738.3
384.1
894.1
1,001.4
606.6

2,739.7
385.4
893.8
1,004.2
609.2

2,740.1
386.8
894.9
1,007.0
610.7

2,752.9
385.7
894.8
1,007.9
612.8

2,738.4
386.2
893.5
1,008.7
612.4

2.746.1
389.8
895.1
1.012.4
612.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,846.4
726.2
8,399.6
3,853.4
321.2

3,854.5
727.6
8,428.0
3,851.9
323.9

3,860.0
728.3
8,427.7
3,852.1
322.9

3,864.2
729.8
8,438.0
3,839.4
323.6

3,869.8
730.6
8,464.1
3,885.5
323.6

3,870.9
733.0
8,469.9
3,906.2
323.1

3,877.6
734.0
8,475.0
3,881.0
325.1

3,884.6
733.1
8,496.0
3,879.2
325.5

3,889.8
734.5
8,514.9
3,885.7
326.5

3,896.5
735.5
8,530.7
3,886.4
326.1

3,902.5
732.0
8,556.6
3,906.2
r325.2

3,902.0
737.2
8,566.2
3,896.6
324.4

3,912.3
740.5
8.578.7
3,912.3
325.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,529.6
1,456.0
1,566.4
5,566.4
461.8

5,541.0
1,455.1
1.566.8
5,573.0
463.8

5.536.2
1,456.4
1,565.9
5,571.7
463.2

5,543.0
1,462.3
1.567.2
5,588.6
463.2

5.558.4
1,460.5
1.580.1
5.584.5
465.6

5,561.5
1,463.6
1,579.8
5,587.1
466.8

5,560.4
1,464.7
1,576.0
5.581.2
466.8

5,566.6
1.470.1
1,583.0
5,583.0
467.7

5,571.6
1,472.3
1,586.3
5,583.8
467.7

5,580.3
1,475.5
1.588.9
5,580.6
467.6

5,585.6
1,472.2
1,586.1
5,625.2
466.1

5,593.0
1,480.5
1,592.7
5,608.8
468.8

5,595.0
1,482.1
1,587.2
5,626.0
468.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,819.4
369.7
2,666.0
9,125.9
1,041.1

1,824.5
371.5
2,664.2
9,107.5
1,045.1

1,827.5
372.2
2,666.2
9,119.8
1,0460

1,831.0
372.1
2,670.6
9,139.5
1,048.9

1,835.1
372.2
2,679.2
9,137.0
1.051.8

1,837.7
372.7
2,687.5
9,162.9
1,053.0

1,840.5
373.3
2,682.6
9,191.4
1,057.9

1,843.9
376.3
2,684.4
9,212.6
1.059.4

1,850.0
377.9
2,688.7
9,239.8
1,060.3

1,855.8
378.5
2,691.8
9,264.9
1,061.9

1,854.3
378.3
2,693.5
9,279.1
1,060.4

1.862.2
378.8
2,697.8
9.306.5
1,065.6

1.866.1
380.8
2,716.7
9,351.5
1,067.4

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

289.4
3,390.1
2,635.3
724.7
2,766.1
232.2

290.4
3,392.9
2,632.8
726.2
2,772.2
231.5

290.5
3,396.1
2,633.1
725.8
2.773.9
231.2

289.8
3,404.0
2,637.2
725.4
2,779.7
232.4

290.6
3,406.4
2,645.9
724.7
2,782.9
233.8

290.9
3,415.2
2,649.8
723.5
2,782.7
2312

290.0
3,417.8
2,647.1
722.6
2,779.6
231.4

291.0
3,432.4
2,653.7
726.2
2,787.7
233.3

291.4
3,435.9
2.660 1
727.3
2,789.3
234.6

292.2
3,440.9
2,665.6
728.3
2,794.5
235.1

294.5
3,451.6
2,668.3
729.1
2.796.5
236.1

294.6
3,458.4
2,658.7
729.1
2,801.0
236.1

295.9
3,461.0
2,678.9
734.4
2,811.1
235.8

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

103.5
13.9
151.9
50.6

663.1

102.7
14.0
153.2
50.4
668.3

102.7
13.7
153.5
50.2
672.3

102.6
13.6
154.4
50.0
676.2

104.3
13.5
156.1
49.8
682.0

104.5
13.5
157.1
50.0
683.7

105.1
13.6
157.5
49.8
690.1

105.4
13.7
157.5
50.5
695.4

105.3
13.9
158.1
50.9
700.2

105.8
14.3
158.8
51.2
705.5

107.1
14.3
157.5
53.0
713.3

107.9
14.6
159.5
53.4
720.1

108.8
14.9

157.3
53.5
713.2

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

60.9
24.5
8.8
363.4

145.4
60.7
24.8
8.8
363.0

145.2
60.6
24.7
8.7
363.6

147.1
60.4
24.7
8.9
364.9

149.5
60.1
24.2
8.9
366.3

150.3
60.2
24.1
9.1
366.9

150.5
60.8
24.0
9.2
366.8

151.8
61.2
23.9
9.4
368.0

153.2
61.7
23.6
9.4
368.7

154.0
62.2
23.8
9.5
369.6

157.4
63.6
24.8
9.4
373.4

162.9
63.3
24.8
9.3
376.0

24.9
9.2
378.2

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

195.6
21.4
34.0
251.1
148.0

197.0
21.6
34.4
251.7
148.0

198.3
21.6
34.6
250.8
147.6

200.1
21.7
34.8
251.9
147.6

200.5
21.9
34.9
254.9
147.3

199.8
21.5
35.0
252.6
146.5

199.5
21.6
35.0
253.0
147.0

200.9
21.5
36.7
253.5
147.4

200.7
21.6
36.5
253.6
147.6

200.8
21.8
36.8
253.6
147.6

200.2
22.3
36.1
253.0
146.7

200.8
22.8
37.3
255.0
149.5

203.3
23.8
37.7
262.9
152.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

65.6
64.3
85.8
130.4
27.6

65.8
65.1
86.2
129.4
27.8

65.4
64.9
86.0
128.7
27.1

65.4
65.4
86.0
128.7
28.0

64.9
65.6
86.2
128.6
28.2

64.6
65.8
86.8
129.3
28.3

64.6
66.3
86.6
130.0
28.6

64.8
66.6
87.4
130.8
28.8

65.0
67.0
88.0
131.6
29.1

65.7
67.5
88.4
131.5
29.4

66.1
68.6
90.6
126.8
29.7

67.8
67.9
88.7
130.2
30.8

68.6
69.5
89.6
129.8
30.7

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

148.6
117.1
187.4
110.2
56.4

149.1
118.8
190.4
111.4
55.8

149.4
118.7
190.5
109.8
55.8

149.7
118.9
190.8
110.1
55.7

152.0
118.5
191.5
111.6
55.4

151.8
118.8
190.9
112.0
55.2

151.9
120.0
190.9
113.1
55.6

151.6
120.1
190.8
114.5
55.3

151.7
120.7
191.8
115.6
56.0

151.7
122.1
192.8
118.8
56.2

159.3
125.5
194.3
120.2
56.3

157.7
124.6
192.0
119.6
55.8

158.8
126.1
192.3
120.1
55.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

133.6
19.8
42.6
92.6
24.3

135.2
19.9
42.5
90.2
24.5

135.3
19.7
42.4
88.6
24.3

136.6
19.9
42.6
88.5
24.3

141.1
19.7
43.5
89.2
24.4

141.3
19.3
43.5
89.3
24.4

141.3
19.1
43.7
89.8
24.5

141.4
19.3
43.7
90.5
24.7

140.8
19.4
44.1
91.3
24.7

140.9
19.9
44.9
91.7
24.8

145.3
19.9
44.9
91.6
26.1

140.5
20.3
43.8
91.6
26.3

142.9
20.9
44.5
91.8
26.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

137.4
43.3
302.3
222.1
15.8

136.9
43.4
309.1
224.2
16.4

137.0
43.3
309.5
224.4
16.0

137.1
43.6
310.9
225.4
16.4

137.5
43.6
311.9
225.9
17.1

137.4
43.6
312.0
226.2
17.2

137.7
43.6
312.7
225.8
17.3

139.0
44.0
314.3
225.1
17.4

139.3
44.0
316.8
225.3
18.0

139.8
43.9
319.5
225.1
17.9

142.7
43.9
328.2
227.0
19.0

141.8
44.1
326.9
226.3
17.3

141.7
44.5
326.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

237.8
57.4
82.4
235.1
17.2

236.1
57.2
82.5
234.4
17.5

234.9
57.3
82.3
236.0
17.5

235.2
57.3
82.2
235.2
17.7

235.5
57.9
82.7
236.1
18.0

235.4
58.1
82.7
235.7
18.2

235.8
58.4
82.7
236.2
18.2

236.8
58.8
83.5
237.6
18.4

237.2
59.0
83.7
238.9
18.7

238.2
58.8
83.7
238.5
18.6

239.2
58.7
83.2
248.1
17.7

241.1
59.7
85.5
243.8
17.7

240.7
59.7
84.3
244.5
18.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

112.3
16.7
122.6
521.9
71.9

113.1
17.0
123.2
523.0
71.9

113.1
17.2
123.2
522.9
71.6

113.1
17.2
123.6
526.3
72.0

114.3
17.2
123.7
529.3
73.2

114.8
17.1
124.0
531.5
73.3

115.4
17.2
124.4
533.4
73.5

116.1
17.0
124.7
534.5
74.4

116.7
17.8
125.0
537.0
74.6

117.2
17.4
125.7
538.6
75.0

117.2
17.6
124.3
539.6
76.8

118.1
17.9
126.6
545.7
77.3

118.1
18.5
126.9
548.0
76.7

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

14.7
196.1
150.3
33.4
121.3
17.5

15.5
197.9
151.4
33.5
121.7
17.3

14.7
197.6
151.5
33.7
120.6
17.2

14.3
197.8
153.1
33.1
121.2
17.1

14.7
195.5
154.6
32.9
120.7
17.1

14.5
196.1
154.4
32.9
120.9
17.0

14.4
195.9
154.7
32.7
120.5
17.1

14.4
198.5
155.9
33.1
121.1
17.0

14.5
199.8
156.5
33.2
121.8
17.1

14.6
201.3
157.9
33.0
122.5
17.3

15.0
202.7
156.7
33.9
123.1
18.2

15.4
203.4
158.3
33.2
124.0
18.7

15.2
203.5
157.8

142.7

See footnotes at end of table.




56

163.3
64.1

227.9
17.5

35.2
126.9
18.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Manufacturing
370.2
13.6
210.9
252.1
1,923.9

369.2
13.2
211.3
252.1
1,924.6

369.4
13.2
211.1
252.3
1,923.7

368.3
12.8
210.9
251.1
1,922.9

369.6
14.0
211.8
252.5
1,921.8

368.2
14.7
211.6
252.2
1,922.9

367.4
15.3
211.8
252.3
1,926.5

367.1
14.6
212.1
253.4
1,923.7

366.6
12.4
212.5
253.9
1,922.9

365.8
14.7
212.8
253.8
1,924.6

365.6
13.3
212.7
252.8
1,921.3

366.2
11.6
213.5
254.7
1,921.9

366.7
11.9
213.8
254.0
1,920.8

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

204.2
271.6
60.2
11.9
491.1

204.8
270.7
60.0
11.9
488.8

204.2
269.4
59.9
11.9
487.5

204.0
268.4
60.2
11.8
487.0

204.5
269.1
57.3
11.9
487.2

204.0
268.1
59.5
12.0
486.7

203.5
267.3
59.4
12.0
486.3

203 3
266.5
59.6
12.0
485.9

203.2
267.0
59.6
12.0
485.9

202.6
266.9
59.6
12.0
485.3

203.0
265.4
58.3
12.2
487.0

203.8
266.6
59.7
12.1
487.0

203.9
265.9
59.7
12.0
488.6

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

599.4
16.3
76.1
958.3
686.2

598.9
16.5
76.0
956.6
686.3

598.9
16.4
76.2
954.8
686.8

599.2
16.4
76.3
953.9
688.2

598.4
16.6
76.7
955.3
692.4

600.8
16.6
76.8
955.7
691.9

599.8
16.6
76.7
955.8
692.2

599.8
16.6
76.9
955.3
692.3

600.2
16.7
76.8
954.9
692.5

600.4
16.6
76.9
955.2
692.7

605.3
16.5
76.9
950.7
694.1

605.0
16.8
77.2
952.6
692.0

605.8
16.7
77.5
952.1
691.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

262.0
215.7
320.4
189.3
86.7

262.4
213.7
319.4
189.6
85.8

262.6
213.3
318.7
188.4
85.8

261.9
213.1
318.6
187.9
86.0

261.8
212.6
320.0
188.2
85.8

261.2
211.9
320.6
188.3
85.8

260.4
210.9
321.4
187.9
86.0

259.9
211.3
321.2
187.6
85.9

259.9
211.3
322.2
187.4
86.2

260.3
211.3
322.5
186.8
86.2

259.8
211.7
322.8
186.7
86.2

260.9
211.6
322.8
186.7
86.4

261.1
211.4
322.4
186.9
86.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

176.7
434.9
981.3
439.1
245.6

177.0
434.2
979.8
439.3
245.1

176.4
432.8
979.7
438.7
244.2

176.2
431.8
979.7
438.8
244.8

177.6
432.4
981.5
438.7
246.6

177.3
432.5
981.6
438.9
246.2

177.4
432.5
979.8
439.3
245.3

176.9
432.5
975.6
439.9
244.3

177.3
432.5
972.4
439.5
243.1

177.4
432.4
970.4
439.9
242.4

178.6
430.8
969.0
440.8
243.0

177.3
431.1
969.1
440.7
243.9

177.4
430.4
965.8
440.2
244.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

413.4
24.5
118.6
42.2
106.8

412.7
24.4
117.8
42.2
106.9

412.3
24.3
117.2
42.3
106.4

413.0
24.1
117.0
42.4
106.5

412.6
24.8
117.5
42.1
106.4

411.7
24.7
116.9
42.4
106.5

409.4
24.6
116.9
42.4
106.3

408.2
24.7
117.1
42.5
106.3

406.6
24.7
117.0
42.7
106.4

405.6
24.6
116.9
42.7
106.2

407.5
24.5
117.0
43.0
105.7

404.9
24.6
116.9
42.9
105.3

402.1
24.8
117.5
43.0
104.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

468.9
42.7
896.0
810.7
24.0

468.7
42.5
893.9
807.7
24.2

467.5
42.5
892.2
805.3
24.2

466.5
42.4
890.5
802.7
24.3

466.5
42.6
892.2
803.1
24.0

464.7
42.4
891.3
798.6
23.9

464.4
42.1
889.7
797.2
23.9

463.3
41.7
889.2
795.7
23.8

463.5
41.6
889.5
794.5
23.9

463.5
41.6
889.9
792.6
24.0

465.3
41.6
891.4
791.7
24.0

463.8
41.9
889.8
791.9
24.0

463.2
42.1
887.7
791.9
24.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,090.1
183.7
242.4
933.3
75.2

1,089.6
183.2
242.0
932.4
74.9

1,088.4
184.5
240.8
928.4
74.6

1,088.2
185.3
239.9
926.9
74.2

1,087.8
184.7
239.8
931.8
73.3

1,089.2
184.2
239.3
929.3
74.0

1,085.1
183.9
239.1
929.3
74.0

1,083.1
183.6
240.2
929.7
74.0

1,083.3
183.7
241.6
929.7
74.1

1,082.0
183.6
241.8
929.1
73.9

1,084.1
183.2
242.3
931.1
74.1

1,083.0
183.7
243.3
928.0
74.1

1 082.7
183.9
242.3
930.5
74.2

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

347.8
49.8
507.7
1,093.7
131.7

347.1
50.3
506.9
1,086.5
132.2

346.3
50.4
507.1
1,084.0
132.5

345.4
50.2
506.9
1,081.7
132.6

344.6
50.0
510.0
1,084.2
133.3

342.6
49.8
511.1
1,082.5
133.1

342.8
50.0
510.2
1,081.4
133.0

342.1
50.5
510.5
1,082.1
132.8

342.7
50.5
509.8
1,082.4
132.5

342.9
50.4
508.5
1,081.9
132.3

343.6
50.2
507.9
1,081.6
133.0

343.6
50.0
506.6
1,083.8
133.0

343.6
50.3
507.1
1,084.6
132.8

47.7
396.7
369.5
81.7
618.7
11.1

47.8
392.2
368.3
81.6
617.3
11.1

47.8
393.0
366.1
81.2
616.3
11.1

47.9
393.7
364.7
80.7
616.0
11.1

47.9
394.3
363.7
81.4
614.9
11.1

47.9
397.3
362.3
81.3
613.4
11.1

47.7
397.4
359.4
81.4
612.3
11.1

47.8
396.9
357.2
82.0
614.4
11.1

47.8
396.8
356.6
82.1
614.8
11.2

47.8
397.1
356.2
82.2
615.1
11.2

48.3
398.9
354.9
83.1
614.3
11.0

48.1
396.6
339.1
82.6
616.3
11.3

48.1
395.8
353.4
82.4
615.1
11.3

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

July

May

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Transportation and public utilities

96.4
26.7

709.7

94.3
25.7
102.8
69.0
717.6

94.5
25.9
103.4
69.0
717.9

94.6
26.3
103.9
69.2
718.0

94.8
26.3
104.0
69.3
720.8

95.0
26.4
104.4
69.3
723.0

95.3
26.3
104.9
69.5
724.0

95.3
26.5
105.6
69.5
725.6

95.7
26.5
105.9
69.8
728.1

96.1
26.5
106.2
69.6
730.4

95.7
26.7
105.6
70.3
735.5

96.5
26.7
107.1
70.4
738.3

739.0

138.2
78.1
16.6
17.7
348.2

138.7
78.4
16.7
17.7
347.7

139.4
78.2
16.8
17.5
347.9

139.1
78.2
16.8
17.1
348.1

139.0
77.9
16.5
16.9
348.2

138.4
77.8
16.8
16.8
349.7

139.2
77.8
17.0
17.1
351.2

139.9
78.4
17.0
17.1
353.3

141.5
78.7
17.3
17.1
355.6

141.2
78.9
17.2
17.0
357.0

141.8
79.7
17.7
18.2
355.7

141.6
79.1
17.8
18.2
356.2

141.9
79.2
17.8
18.1
356.6

255.2
(3)
26.6
348.1
147.3

256.5

256.9

257.3

256.6

258.0

259.1

260.0

260.8

262.0

266.5

264.4

26.7
348.6
147.7

26.7
348.2
147.5

26.9
348.0
147.4

26.9
345.2
146.6

27.0
346.0
147.1

27.0
346.3
147.3

27.1
346.4
147.1

27.0
346.2
146.9

26.9
345.9
147.1

27.0
348.0
145.5

27.1
348.1
146.8

264.0
(3)
27.5
347.7
146.8

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

71.8
76.9
104.7
112.8
24.0

71.9
77.0
104.4
112.1
23.9

72.1
76.9
104.4
112.0
23.9

72.1
77.2
104.4
111.8
24.0

72.1
78.5
105.0
112.4
24.0

72.3
78.8
105.7
112.5
24.0

72.3
78.8
106.2
113.0
24.0

72.0
78.8
106.3
113.3
24.0

72.0
79.2
106.6
113.4
23.9

72.2
78.8
107.0
113.5
23.9

73.2
78.6
108.9
112.9
23.8

73.1
78.8
108.0
113.6
23.8

73.2
78.8
108.4
114.2
24.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

110.3
137.8
176.9
130.0
54.8

111.2
138.8
176.6
131.9
55.3

111.3
138.8
176.4
131.1
55.4

111.8
139.1
176.4
131.9
55.8

112.2
139.2
176.5
131.1
55.8

112.1
139.8
176.7
130.9
55.9

112.2
139.9
176.9
130.7
56.1

112.3
140.2
176.9
130.7
55.9

112.5
140.2
177.0
130.3
56.1

112.8
140.8
177.4
129.9
56.3

113.5
139.4
177.1
129.4
56.9

114.3
139.3
178.1
129.8
56.5

113.3
139.8
178.6
129.8
57.4

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

170.8
22.2
57.4
50.6
21.3

171.0
22.3
57.7
51.0
21.4

171.0
22.2
57.6
51.3
21.4

171.7
22.2
57.5
51.6
21.5

170.5
22.0
57.5
51.7
21.5

172.4
22.1
57.6
52.0
21.8

172.9
22.1
57.7
52.2
21.6

174.1
22.1
57.6
52.3
21.6

175.0
22.3
57.6
52.3
21.6

174.5
22.3
57.1
52.8
21.6

170.2
22.7
57.7
53.3
21.5

171.1
22.6
58.0
53.5
21.8

170.9
22.7
58.1
53.7
21.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

263.1
34.7
416.7

263.0
35.3
418.7
176.7
18.5

263.6
35.6
419.5
177.0
18.5

263.0
35.5
420.4
177.8
18.6

263.6
35.7
420.6
178.0
18.5

263.3
35.7
420.6
178.7
18.5

263.5
36.0
420.6
178.4
18.4

264.2
36.0
421.5
178.4
18.6

264.9
36.1
421.5
178.0
18.6

265.4
35.6
419.9
178.3
18.7

265.5
35.8
420.9
178.0
18.4

265.3
35.8

174.8
18.4

263.6
35.1
420.0
176.2
18.4

421.4
179.1
18.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

244.2
81.7
77.4
291.7
16.0

244.7
81.8
77.5
294.2
15.8

244.5
81.6
77.6
294.4
16.0

244.9
81.5
77.7
295.7
16.0

245.5
81.6
77.7
293.5
16.3

245.9
81.6
78.3
293.4
16.2

246.1
81.7
78.7
293.3
16.1

246.2
82.0
78.7
293.6
16.2

246.2
82.1
78.8
294.1
16.2

246.1
82.2
78.5
294.7
16.1

245.7
81.7
78.5
298.7
15.7

246.8
81.7
78.7
297.0
15.8

246.7
82.0
79.5
296.3
15.7

86.9

87.0
16.7
172.0
559.4
59.2

87.3
16.7
172.0
559.6
59.0

87.8
16.7
172.4
561.1
59.5

88.4
16.8
171.8
560.9
59.8

88.4
16.8
172.0
562.7
59.6

88.5
16.7
172.4
565.1
59.9

88.4
16.6
172.6
567.6
60.3

88.6
16.6
173.2
569.9
60.1

89.0
16.7
173.4
571.7
59.9

88.9
16.9
171.6
574.4
59.4

89.2
17.0
170.7
575.2
59.4

89.7
17.0
170.7
576.8
59.8

12.2
176.2
138.5
38.2
130.3
14.3

12.3
176.9
138.8
38.3
130.3
14.2

12.3
177.6
139.2
38.4
130.7
14.3

12.4
179.0
139.8
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.1
178.9
140.0
38.3
131.2
14.3

12.5
179.4
140.4
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.6
179.8
140.5
38.5
131.8
14.2

12.6
180.6
140.8
38.4
131.1
14.3

12.6
181.4
140.5
38.4
130.8
14.1

12.7
184.1
140.6
38.4
130.0
14.2

12.5
185.1
140.1
38.0
130.2
14.1

12.5
185.2
140.1

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

93.8
25.7
102.1
68.7

16.8
171.0
559.0
58.9

12.2
175.6
138.6
38.1
130.0
14.3

See footnotes at end of table.




58

107.1
70.5

38.1
131.0
14.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Feb.

Mar.P

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

444.8
57.1
503.0
260.9
3,170.1

441.2
57.3
507.6
261.2
3,178.4

442.6
56.9
510.5
260.9
3,182.8

444.2
57.3
513.5
261.7
3,187.8

447.8
57.5
513.5
262.4
3,201.5

448.5
57.5
515.2
262.4
3,210.6

449.4
57.4
516.2
262.7
3,213.0

450.3
57.3
517.7
265.0
3,210.5

451.4
57.5
518.5
265.4
3,217.7

452.3
57.4
520.4
266.1
3,235.9

454.9
57.9
521.9
267.4
3.228.5

454.5
57.8
521.6
268.8
3,246.7

454.1
57.7
520.7
268.0
3.246.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

502.0
359.0
89.6
47.6
1,709.4

503.3
359.5
89.5
47.9
1,707.2

504.4
358.9
89.5
47.7
1,715.1

507.8
358.9
89.6
47.8
1,721.7

511.5
359.3
90.1
47.6
1,725.4

510.1
361.1
90.5
47.6
1,730.5

511.4
359.0
90.8
47.7
1,734.3

512.0
359.2
91.1
47.6
1,738.2

513.0
360.5
91.5
47.8
1,739.0

515.0
361.3
92.1
48.2
1,741.6

513.7
362.4
91.7
48.5
1,743.0

517.3
362.8
92.4
48.5
1,745.9

520.2
363.5
92.5
48.4
1,751.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

948.4
131.9
134.9
1,341.6
697.0

954.7
132.2
135.2
1,345.5
699.4

960.2
132.3
135.4
1,343.9
700.3

963.9
132.7
136.0
1,345.9
702.2

974.1
133.2
136.3
1,350.5
706.1

979.3
133.5
136.3
1,349.2
706.4

981.3
133.7
136.5
1,347.5
706.2

985.2
133.6
137.8
1,346.6
706.9

987.9
134.0
137.5
1,347.5
710.3

990.1
133.7
137.7
1,349.6
711.8

997.1
133.3
137.1
1,338.5
706.7

1,001.4
133.6
137.9
1,348.4
705.9

1,009.4
134.2
139.4
1.346.6
702.7

356.0
318.6
423.2
443.3
145.5

356.9
318.2
425.7
441.4
146.0

356.7
317.4
426.1
441.5
145.7

357.9
317.9
426.6
442.9
145.8

356.9
318.3
427.0
445.1
146.2

355.3
317.5
427.4
444.8
146.2

354.0
316.7
427.0
444.9
146.5

355.2
319.2
428.0
445.0
147.4

355.9
320.6
429.3
443.5
148.4

356.6
321.9
430.8
442.8
148.8

355.5
321.8
432.6
439.9
149.0

356.8
321.8
434.2
441.6
149.8

357.5
321.4
433.0
440.8
149.7

545.3
733.1
1,058.4
616.0
251.8

546.8
735.9
1,061.6
617.8
253.4

548.1
735.6
1,060.5
618.7
253.9

548.4
737.2
1,061.4
619.7
254.1

550.1
743.2
1,064.9
621.9
253.7

552.2
744.0
1,065.4
620.8
253.3

553.4
743.6
1,066 0
621.6
253.2

554.2
743.8
1,067.2
622.1
253.0

555.1
742.7
1.070.9
623.4
252.3

554.7
744.7
1,072.5
623.7
252.4

558.4
745.3
1,070.7
623.6
251.6

561.0
743.4
1,071.3
628.7
250.7

562.6
741.3
1,074.9
628.4
249.8

638.2
101.1
214.9
196.2
159.0

640.0
101.1
215.4
198.3
159.7

640.7
100.8
215.5
199.9
159.9

641.9
101.6
216.4
201.3
160.7

645.4
101.5
218.7
203.4
161.2

645.9
101.6
216.7
204.5
161.4

646.0
101.8
216.5
205.4
161.2

646.4
101.7
215.7
206.2
160.7

646.4
102.1
215.1
206.9
161.1

647.2
102.4
214.8
207.8
161.2

646.5
102.0
213.9
207.1
162.6

646.4
102.1
213.7
207.1
162.4

645.4
102.5
214.2
208.1
162.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

899.8
170.8
1,697.9
872.9
80.6

902.0
171.1
1,708.7
871.2
81.4

903.7
171.0
1,705.8
872.0
81.5

904.9
170.9
1,707.6
872.7
82.0

907.0
171.0
1,712.5
878.0
81.8

908.5
171.3
1,713.3
877.2
81.4

910.4
171.8
1,713.6
878.0
81.7

912.4
171.5
1,719.1
877.1
81.5

914.5
171.9
1,723.3
878.3
81.4

916.5
172.1
1,726.6
877.3
81.3

918.0
170.9
1,727.2
884.3
79.3

917.8
172.5
1,731.3
879.5
81.4

922.9
172.5
1,734.3
882.5
80.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,332.3
335.8
386.8
1,244.7
102.1

1,334.7
335.2
386.6
1,250.7
103.4

1.332.8
335.7
387.0
1,250.3
103.2

1,334.9
336.6
388.4
1,255.1
104.0

1.334.9
337.1
388.7
1,253.1
105.2

1,334.8
337.6
388.0
1,253.8
105.4

1,333.2
338.2
388.7
1,253.8
105.3

1,335.6
340.1
390.3
1,253.7
105.5

1,335.4
340.7
390.0
1,253.1
105.6

1,338.4
341.9
390.6
1,251.7
105.5

1,335.6
340.4
390.2
1,265.4
105.8

1,340.4
342.6
391.7
1,257.6
106.6

1.342.2
343.5
388.6
1,258.3
105.9

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

436.3
89.7
628.3
2,163.8
246.6

436.5
90.2
624.6
2,160.9
247.6

437.2
90.4
625.2
2,169.2
247.9

438.0
90.8
626.9
2,174.3
248.4

441.9
90.9
628.1
2,181.6
248.8

442.9
91.1
627.7
2,188.0
249.0

444.0
91.1
631.1
2,192.7
249.6

444.7
92.0
629.5
2.196.7
250.4

445.6
92.3
631.1
2,204.4
250.4

446.7
92.7
633.0
2,210.7
251.0

447.7
92.1
630.0
2,209.5
251.4

449.5
92.4
635.2
2,218.8
251.8

450.3
92.2
637.4
2,232.7
252.5

66.4
744.8
634.7
162.9
623.4
53.5

66.4
746.8
632.1
163.2
625.6
53.3

66.3
748.2
632.8
163.4
626.0
53.2

66.2
749.8
633.1
163.4
628.6
53.0

66.8
750.1
634.8
162.9
630.4
53.0

66.8
750.6
636.3
162.4
629.9
53.1

66.8
749.4
636.3
162.1
628.9
53.0

66.9
755.1
640.1
162.7
631.5
53.7

67.2
754.1
642.6
163.0
632.5
54.1

67.4
754.2
644.1
163.5
634.0
54.1

68.1
752.4
647.1
163.2
638.0
54.7

67.9
752.7
648.3
163.8
636.3
54.2

67.6
753.7
649.1
163.8
638.7
53.6

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Trade

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
91.0
12.8
137.9
45.7
818.8

91.0
12.8
138.9
45.8
819.3

91.3
12.9
140.1
45.9
819.9

91.5
12.8
140.4
46.0
822.1

91.7
12.8
141.1
46.0
823.3

92.0
12.8
141.6
46.0
823.9

92.3
12.8
142.1
46.6
825.4

92.8
12.8
143.0
46.6
825.5

92.9
12.9
143.4
46.7
826.5

93.2
12.8
144.2
47.1
829.1

93.6
12.8
144.4
47.0
831.1

93.6
12.9
144.4
47.0
830.3

140.7
140.2
48.8
31.1
443.1

140.8
140.6
48.8
31.1
446.2

141.1
140.8
48.9
31.1
447.3

141.7
140.9
49.1
31.1
449.0

141.9
140.8
49.5
31.2
450.3

142.1
141.1
49.9
31.2
451.8

142.9
141.4
50.1
31.1
453.5

142.4
141.7
50.3
31.2
454.8

142.2
141.7
50.6
31.2
456.7

142.8
141.0
50.3
31.4
458.5

142.5
141.8
50.8
31.6
458.7

142.4

202.7
35.0
23.7
405.8
142.2

203.2
35.0
23.5
406.0
142.3

202.6
35.0
23.4
405.8
142.8

202.5
35.0
23.3
406.2
142.9

203.0
35.0
23.3
406.2
143.3

203.2
34.9
23.6
406.8
143.3

203.7
34.6
23.6
407.6
143.6

203.6
34.5
23.6
407.7
143.6

205.4
34.4
23.4
407.1
143.8

204.9
34.5
23.6
407.8
143.3

205.7
34.6
23.5
408.4

141.9

201.6
35.0
23.8
405.8
142.4

85.1
63.2
70.5
85.4
30.9

85.1
62.7
70.9
85.2
30.9

85.2
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.0

85.1
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.1

85.0
62.8
71.1
85.2
31.0

84.8
62.9
71.2
85.3
31.0

84.9
62.9
71.4
85.4
31.0

85.2
63.2
71.3
85.4
31.1

85.4
63.2
71.3
85.5
31.2

85.5
63.4
71.3
85.5
31.1

85.3
63.6
71.7
85.1
31.1

85.6
63.8
71.9
84.9
31.1

85.6
63.9
71.7
85.1
31.1

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

137.4
225.4
205.9
159.9
42.5

139.9
225.6
207.3
160.0
42.8

139.9
225.8
207.4
160.3
42.6

139.9
225.7
207.7
160.4
42.1

140.9
226.3
208.0
160.3
42.1

141.1
226.7
208.2
160.5
42.3

141.3
226.7
208.4
160.5
42.3

141.7
227.4
208.4
160.7
42.5

142.0
228.0
208.6
160.9
42.4

142.5
228.7
208.3
161.2
42.4

141.5
228.5
207.9
161.9
42.7

140.9
229.1
208.1
161.7
42.2

141.1
229.3
206.4
162.0
42.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

165.5
17.4
60.6
43.8
32.1

165.7
17.3
60.7
43.7
32.5

166.0
17.5
61.0
44.0
32.7

166.3
17.5
61.0
44.2
32.8

165.9
17.5
61.3
44.1
32.7

166.0
17.6
61.4
44.3
32.9

166.0
17.5
61.3
44.4
32.8

166.3
17.5
61.1
44.4
32.9

166.4
17.7
61.2
44.7
32.9

166.4
17.9
61.1
44.6
33.1

166.7
17.7
61.1
44.6
32.7

167.3
17.7
61.3
44.6
32.9

166.9
17.8
61.7
44.7
32.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

254.7
33.1
747.0
186.4
16.2

256.2
33.0
745.9
186.1
16.3

256.0
33.0
746.2
185.7
16.2

256.3
33.0
746.6
185.3
16.3

256.7
33.1
748.3
184.9
16.4

257.2
33.1
748.7
185.1
16.4

257.7
33.2
747.8
185.5
16.4

258.7
32.9
749.1
185.7
16.4

258.7
33.0
750.2
186.3
16.4

259.4
33.2
749.8
186.4
16.4

259.9
33.2
754.8
187.1
16.4

260.1
33.1
754.3
187.7
16.1

260.6
33.2
754.0
188.2
16.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

304.6
72.5
96.0
324.3
29.5

305.6
73.0
95.5
324.3
29.6

306.2
73.2
95.4
324.2
29.5

307.1
73.5
95.2
324.5
29.4

308.4
73.4
95.3
323.0
29.6

308.7
73.6
95.4
323.3
29.8

309.3
73.5
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.1
73.7
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.9
73.9
95.3
323.2
29.8

311.6
74.2
95.2
323.3
29.9

311.3
74.4
94.4
324.7
29.7

312.1
74.4
94.6
325.1
29.7

313.2
74.7
94.5

South Carolina
South Dakota

80.9
24.0
130.9
514.7
56.6

81.1
24.1
130.8
511.6
56.5

81.2
24.2
131.2
513.1
56.7

81.5
24.4
130.7
515.3
56.7

81.8
24.6
130.3
518.2
56.8

82.0
24.8
130.3
520.6
57.0

82.3
25.0
130.4
522.6
56.9

82.6
25.0
130.6
525.1
57.3

82.7
25.0
130.7
526.8
57.3

82.9
25.1
130.7
528.5
57.3

82.5
25.4
131.4
528.7
56.9

82.7
25.5
131.0
530.5
56.9

82.6
25.6
130.7
533.0
57.1

12.5
182.9
137.6
30.0

12.6
183.4
137.6
29.8
145.8
7.9

12.6
183.5
137.6
29.9
146.2
8.0

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.9
146.5
8.1

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.8
146.8
7.8

12.5
184.0
137.9
29.8
146.9
8.0

12.5
183.9
138.3
29.6
146.8
8.0

12.6
184.1
138.5
29.6
147.2
8.1

12.6
184.7
139.0
29.6
147.6
8.1

12.6
184.5
139.3
29.6
148.0
8.2

12.5
185.7
138.1
29.5
149.0
8.1

12.4
185.8
138.6
29.6
149.3
8.1

12.6
186.0
138.6

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

90.8
12.8

137.0
45.5
818.3
140.5

139.7
48.7
31.8
446.7

201.2
35.2
23.8
405.7

145.2
8.0

See footnotes at end of table.




60

141.5
50.8
31.5
458.8

143.4

325.7
29.5

29.6
149.4
8.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

|

July

|

Aug. | Sept. |

Oct. |

Nov. | Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Services
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

452.2
69.2
662.5
268.9
4,323.2

454.0
69.7
667.6
269.3
4,336.7

454.3
70.3
672.5
269.1
4,353.4

456.3
459.0
460.1
460.8
461.3
463.2
465.2
463.2
461.9
463.5
71.4
71.0
70.9
71.0
71.2
71.7
71.0
70.9
72.0
72.0
684.2
709.7
676.5
688.8
689.5
692.0
695.0
700.1
713.8
704.8
269.7
270.2
271.0
272.3
274.1
275.4
277.1
269.5
272.8
274.9
4,369.9 4,392.6 4,405.7 4,417.2 4,432.0 4,446.6 4,463.0 4,484.8 4,490.7 4,499.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

639.7
521.7
115.6
274.2
2,467.8

646.3
524.0
115.3
274.8
2,485.6

649.3
525.1
115.4
274.6
2,500.6

652.4
527.3
115.8
275.0
2,514.2

658.2
531.5
117.2
275.8
2,534.1

660.2
531.1
118.2
276.7
2,549.3

661.4
530.4
117.6
277.2
2,566.3

663.2
529.5
118.1
277.3
2,587.1

663.6
529.6
118.0
277.8
2,605.2

665.5
530.4
118.3
278.8
2,622.8

669.4
533.2
118.1
279.2
2,636.7

668.2
533.7
118.0
279.5
2,652.7

668.0
537.2
118.3
278.1
2,663.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

1,042.2
173.2
130.3
1,806.8
723.1

1,054.9
173.7
131.1
1,809.3
726.5

1,057.8
174.4
131.8
1,814.6
727.6

1,064.2
174.8
133.1
1,822.8
730.2

1,074.4
174.8
134.1
1.818.1
733.9

1,077.8
175.2
134.7
1,814.4
735.1

1,079.3
175.2
135.3
1,816.2
734.2

1,085.1
175.2
135.8
1,821.2
733.8

1,086.7
175.4
136.2
1,825.3
732.8

1,090.5
176.1
136.7
1,829.0
732.8

1,096.7
175.6
136.8
1,814.1
735.1

1,095.6
175.7
139.0
1,835.0
737.1

1,101.3
175.8
140.5
1,846.9
737.6

382.8
340.0
454.5
516.5
172.0

384.4
339.6
460.7
516.8
172.8

384.7
340.5
460.8
517.4
173.3

386.7
341.4
462.9
519.6
174.2

385.7
342.8
465.2
523.9
175.0

386.5
343.0
466.0
524.9
175.5

387.9
343.9
466.5
526.5
175.6

387.8
346.1
468.0
528.1
176.1

388.9
347.5
469.7
530.6
176.3

389.8
349.0
471.1
531.6
176.9

393.0
346.6
469.6
532.1
176.2

392.7
346.5
474.1
530.4
178.0

394.1
347.8
472.9
532.4
178.6

805.7
1,147.8
1,235.6
743.8
266.1

807.6
1,154.8
1,235.4
747.3
268.5

809.3
1,154.6
1,238.0
749.0
269.1

811.8
1,160.2
1,240.8

818.4

818.8

819.6
1,170.3
1,246.8
756.0
273.6

822.0
1,171.8
1,246.6
758.2
273.5

824.1
1,171.9
1,248.1
760.4
272.6

826.9
1,176.2
1,251.4
762.1
271.7

831.4
1,178.0
1,250.6
768.8
274.1

831.3
1,181.7
1,249.7
768.2
274.1

766.5
110.8
240.6
415.5
176.6

768.0
110.6
241.4
419.8
177.6

765.9
111.1
242.4
422.3
177.3

767.3
111.2
244.3
424.2
177.9

769.8
112.8
244.9
428.6
178.4

771.3
113.3
244.9
432.4
178.3

773.0
113.9
244.8
433.8
178.8

774.4
114.4
244.9
435.2
177.8

776.5
114.8
244.9
435.7
179.7

777.4
115.2
246.3
436.4
180.8

783.2
115.8
244.8
438.5
180.4

778.6
116.2
244.3
438.2
180.0

786.2
116.7
242.8
439.9
179.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1.250.8
208.8
2,896.8
979.0
90.9

1,255.2
209.1
2,904.3
982.5
91.7

1,260.2
209.8
2,908.9
984.0
91.5

1,263.7
210.7
2,916.6

1,266.4
210.9

91.9

1,269.9
212.4
2,943.4
1,004.3
92.3

1,272.7
212.4
2,952.1
1,007.7
92.7

1,274.4
212.9
2,960.8
1,011.7
92.7

1,276.5
213.6
2,972.3
1,014.2
92.4

1,273.8
212.1
2,985.8
1,022.7
92.3

1,275.5
214.1
2,990.9
1,018.5
91.4

2,996.5

91.9

1,268.1
211.9
2,936.9
1,001.4
92.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,539.0
413.9
420.5
1,809.0
158.1

1,547.4
414.3
421.4
1,809.2
158.9

1,546.5
414.5
421.4
1,812.5
158.8

1,549.2 1,557.0
416.0
416.4
422.6
428.8

1,560.9
418.6
429.5
1,813.1
160.2

1,563.9
420.9
432.0
1,813.6
160.4

1.566.2
421.5
433.5
1,811.6
160.2

1,569.4
422.8
435.2
1,811.8
160.3

1.572.7
421.2
435.4
1,817.4
159.4

1,575.1
425.0
435.3
1,817.7
161.1

1,824.3
161.5

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

440.0
100.1
711.3
2,582 9
288.9

443.0
100.5
712.5
2,577.1
290.7

444.6
100.4
713.8
2,583.8
291.2

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

87.9
1,075.0
729.8
215.7
728.3
53.4

88.0
1,077.6
729.5
216.2
731.4
53.2

88.3
1,079.1
731.0
216.5
732.9
53.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

751.8
270.1

1.166.9 1,168.7
1,244.2 1,245.3
757.5
753.9
273.2
272.6

2,931.1
999.5
988.0

769.7
273.9

1,280.0
215.3
1,021.2

91.5
1,573.5
424.6
434.4

1,818.2
158.5

1,821.9
159.9

1,558.6
417.7
428.1
1,822.1
160.0

446.6
100.4

449.7
100.3
718.1
2,595.1
294.0

451.1
100.5
718.5
2,603.3
294.9

452.1
100.5
719.3
2,611.0
296.3

453.4
101.8
721.2
2,616.8
297.4

455.3
102.2
722.9
2,624.6
298.4

457.4
102.5
724.4
2,634.9
299.1

452.7
103.1
733.0
2,637.8
295.2

457.3
103.4
729.4
2,641.4
297.4

456.8
102.8
726.0
2,654.7
298.6

88.3
1.086.3
739.3
217.7
737.3
53.6

88.4
1,088.9
741.1
217.2
738.1
54.1

88.7
1,096.5
743.7
218.9
740.6
54.6

88.8
1,098.7
745.8
219.6
740.8
55.3

89.3
1,101.1
747.4
220.6
743.0
55.3

90.1
1,102.6
750.3
220.2
740.4
54.8

90.4
1,109.2
753.4
221.2
742.4
53.9

1,108.1
755.7
222.5
744.1
54.3

716.1

2,593.7

1,082.8

737.9
217.1
736.6
56.6

See footnotes at end of table.




832.9
1,185.1
1,251.7

61

90.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

I Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Government
350.4
73.4
348.5
186.8
2,223.1

351.1
73.6
348.4
186.7
2,231.5

349.8
73.6
345.6
186.6
2,231.6

350.4
73.3
344.8
187.2
2,230.3

350.9
73.8
349.8
187.5
2.237.7

352.7
73.4
344.3
188.0
2,240.9

357.3
73.7
347.3
188.0
2,245.9

354.4
73.8
350.9
188.6
2,247.9

354.0
74.0
347.4
188.9
2,256.6

354.8
74.1
351.2
189.1
2,262.3

352.4
73.5
358.1
189.5
2,275.1

353.7
73.7
356.8
189.4
2,280.1

2,295.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

326.1
233.3
54.8
222.8
963.1

326.8
234.8
54.9
220.3
964.8

327.4
235.2
54.9
222.0
965.5

327.6
235.9
54.5
222.5
966.8

329.5
235.6
55.0
223.0
968.9

330.3
236.3
54.7
223.5
970.1

331.3
237.1
54.9
222.6
971.3

330.5
237.7
55.4
223.5
973.3

332.0
238.2
55.6
223.8
975.0

333.2
238.5
55.7
224.0
977.6

330.3
239.1
54.8
221.7
971.8

332.9
238.7
56.0
221.9
978.3

337.4
240.4
57.1
222.4
982.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

588.3
110.9
104.5
821.1
401.5

586.6
111.0
103.8
825.2
402.8

587.3
110.8
104.9
824.9
409.2

583.6
111.9
105.2
827.4
403.5

584.9
112.3
105.4
832.1
404.7

589.8
115.9
107.0
d33.4
403.9

601.5
117.9
105.9
834.6
403.2

590.5
114.1
107.4
832.5
404.5

591.3
113.7
107.7
833.6
404.3

592.8
112.9
107.6
831.8
404.4

592.4
112.9
106.3
826.1
408.3

594.1
112.8
106.9
827.8
405.7

599.9
113.6
106.6
825.5
408.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

239.0
239.6
300.4
369.4
95.9

239.2
239.9
301.9
369.2
95.9

238.7
238.8
303.3
369.3
95.8

238.0
240.4
304.9
368.5
95.7

238.9
239.6
297.1
366.9
95.8

238.6
239.1
300.2
367.7
95.3

240.7
237.9
300.5
367.8
97.0

240.0
241.6
300.8
368.8
96.8

240.3
241.9
301.4
369.9
96.6

241.1
241.6
301.8
369.9
96.7

242.3
242.6
304.7
369.5
97.0

242.1
242.7
305.0
371.3
97.7

243.0
243.8
308.8
373.9
98.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

442.1
416.7
662.7
385.5
226.5

442.9
416.1
666.8
386.2
226.8

442.7
416.2
667.0
385.2
227.2

441.1
417.0
667.7
384.3
229.1

415.8
415.5
668.1
389.6
230.1

417.9
416.0
667.9
389.0
230.4

439.1
419.0
668.8
391.1
230.7

441.1
418.4
666.7
390.5
230.6

442.2
418.1
669.1
389.5
230.6

442.4
418.0
670.2
389.7
230.2

443.3
421.7
671.3
385.6
229.3

440.6
423.3
673.0
392.2
230.2

446.3
421.7
677.9
391.6
231.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

418.4
79.1
150.7
117.1
80.9

418.0
79.1
151.2
117.6
80.8

420.2
78.9
151.0
118.3
81.1

420.6
78.9
151.7
115.8
81.3

417.3
79.8
153.2
117.6
81.7

412.0
79.2
152.7
117.8
82.5

426.5
79.4
152.7
116.4
82.1

422.2
79.4
152.7
118.8
82.1

422.7
79.4
152.6
119.2
82.3

422.8
79.5
152.6
119.6
82.6

428.1
78.9
154.2
118.4
83.5

424.3
78.5
154.2
119.3
83.4

426.3
80.2
155.0
119.9
83.5

569.6
179.2
1,438.4

570.5
179.9
1,441.9
600.0
71.6

570.0
180.0
1,441.8
584.3
70.8

570.7
180.5
1,443.3
612.3
70.3

569.3
181.6
1,442.7
635.7
70.2

572.1
181.9
1,442.8
607.5
71.5

572.9
181.0
1,447.2
605.5
71.8

573.2
181.6
1,448.4
607.2
72.0

573.8
181.6
1,446.7
608.8
72.0

575.2
181.3
1,444.8
611.1
72.1

575.4
182.1
1,447.5
610.7
72.4

576.3
183.6

603.4
72.0

569.9
179.9
1,441.6
600.0
72.1

1,454.0
617.5
73.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

768.4
281.6
259.1
707.7
63.5

769.7
281.7
259.5
707.2
63.5

769.7
281.2
259.6
705.4
63.4

770.4
284.0
259.4
712.4
63.2

776.1
282.0
265.2
704.4
63.1

775.8
283.3
266.1
708.7
62.9

777.0
2830
260.0
711.6
63.0

777.9
283.6
261.0
711.1
63.2

779.4
283.9
261.5
712.8
62.9

781.6
284.6
262.1
711.5
63.1

784.3
285.2
260.3
719.7
63.5

781.8
285.9
261.8
720.0
63.7

783.2
285.9
261.8
726.8
63.5

South Carolina
South Dakota

313.3

314.8
71.4
389.9
1,541.1
179.2

315.9
71.6
389.4
1,541.4
179.3

316.7
71.2
389.6
1,542.7
179.2

312.5
71.2
392.9
1,523.9
177.9

314.0
71.4
399.6
1.530.3
178.2

313.5
71.7
390.4
1,541.5
180.8

314.6
72.3
391.0
1,546.1
179.0

316.4
72.4
391.7
1,551.7
179.2

317.7
72.6
391.8
1.555.7
179.5

319.8
71.9
391.1
1,563.0
179.9

319.9
71.5
394.0
1,567.4
182.0

323.1
73.3
413.7
1,577.2
182.1

47.3
608.7
472.0
142.0
397.3
58.7

48.0
607.8
471.9
141.4
398.8
58.7

47.3
608.9
472.9
141.5
398.8
60.0

47.2
611.1
474.0
141.2
399.5
58.5

48.2
612.1
476.3
140.3
400.4
58.6

47.1
612.9
473.6
140.5
399.0
58.4

47.4
611.6
474.5
140.4
398.4
58.5

47.4
611.4
475.4
140.3
398.0
58.6

47.4
611.6
476.8
140.0
398.4
58.9

47.4
615.2
477.2
140.0
398.8
59.4

47.3
615.7
477.6
139.6
399.6
60.2

48.7
618.9
480.9
141.7
403.2

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

Tennessee
Texas

71.3

389.8
1,539.2

Utah

178.8

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

47.3
608.6
471.3
141.0
396.4
58.8

1

359.5
190.1

60.3

P = preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE:
All data have been adjusted to March 1999 benchmarks (with the
exception of data for New Jersey) and incorporate updated seasonal adjustment
factors.

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2

3




355.7
74.1

62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
2000

1999
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.5

34.5

34.6

40.9

41.0

41.2

41.2

41.1

41.1

41.1

41.3

40.9

41.1

41.3

41.2

41.4

Mining

43.8

44.1

44.0

45.1

44.2

44.3

44.1

44.2

44.2

44.9

44.7

44.7

45.0

Construction

38.6

38.9

39.4

38.9

39.0

39.1

39.1

40.0

38.9

39.4

39.9

39.6

39.4

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.6
4.3

41.7
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.9
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

41.6
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.8
4.8

41.7
4.6

42.1
4.9

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.1
4.3
41.2
40.4
43.1
44.0
44.5
41.8
41.9
41.1
44.0
45.1
41.6
39.6

42.2
4.7
41.2
40.4
43.4
44.3
44.8
42.1
42.1
41.5
43.5
44.4
41.6
40.2

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.4
43.4
44.3
45.2
42.1
42.0
41.5
44.2
45.4
41.5
40.0

42.5
4.9
41.1
40.6
43.6
44.5
45.2
42.3
42.4
41.7
44.4
46.0
41.7
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.3
40.3
43.6
44.4
45.1
42.4
42.4
41.7
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.1
40.4
43.6
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.4
44.3
45.0
42.1
42.4
41.6
43.9
45.3
41.5
39.8

42.2
4.7
41.1
39.9
43.9
44.3
45.3
42.1
42.2
41.4
43.5
44.7
41.5
39.6

42.1
4.8
40.9
40.0
43.3
44.4
45.5
41.9
42.2
41.2
43.3
44.4
41.6
39.9

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.6
44.5
45.1
42.3
42.5
41.4
43.7
45.1
41.2
39.4

42.4
4.9
41.0
40.4
43.5
44.5
45.5
42.5
42.4
41.6
44.1
45.1
41.2
39.5

42.3
4.8
40.8
40.3
43.3
44.4
45.0
42.4
42.4
41.9
43.8
44.7
41.1
39.4

42.7
5.1
40.9
40.8
43.4
44.8
44.7
43.0
42.9
42.3
44.3
45.5
41.5
39.8

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.9
4.2
41.9
38.6
41.0
37.5
43.6
38.1
43.0
(2)
41.5
38.1

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.9
41.0
37.8
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.9
38.4

41.0
4.5
41.8
39.1
40.6
37.7
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9

41.1
4.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.9

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.0
40.9
37.3
43.7
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2

40.9
4.4
41.7
40.2
40.8
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.2

41.0
4.5
42.0
41.0
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.5

41.0
4.4
41.9
42.8
41.2
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.6

40.9
4.5
41.6
43.5
41.2
37.4
43.2
38.2
43.1
(2)
41.3
36.8

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.4
40.9
37.6
43.3
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.7
37.5

41.0
4.5
41.5
40.7
41.8
37.8
43.5
38.3
42.8
(2)
41.5
38.1

40.8
4.3
41.5
39.8
41.5
37.7
43.2
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.3
38.0

41.3
4.6
41.9
40.4
41.8
38.1
43.6
38.6
42.9
(2)
42.1
38.7

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.9

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

39.0

38.8

38.9

38.7

38.9

38.6

38.5

38.2

38.5

38.4

38.3

38.3

38.6

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.3

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.5

38.8

Retail trade

29.0

29.1

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.1

29.2

29.0

29.1

29.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.5

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.8

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1999

2000

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

147.0

147.2

147.8

148.3

148.4

148.2

148.8

149.2

149.4

150.3

150.1

150.7

151.5

114.2

114.4

114.6

115.1

114.3

114.6

114.7

115.5

114.5

116.2

116.2

116.4

116.8

50.4

50.1

49.7

50.9

49.8

50.3

50.6

50.4

50.8

51.4

51.3

51.5

52.4

Construction

169.2

170.0

172.8

170.7

170.3

172.4

173.2

179.0

174.5

181.4

181.1

184.0

180.8

Manufacturing

106.5

106.5

106.3

107.3

106.4

106.4

106.2

106.0

105.7

106.3

106.4

106.0

107.2

110.4
146.9
136.2
116.8

111.9
147.3
138.8

110.5
147.6
137.4

110.2

109.8

110.7

111.0

146.6

110.7
146.0

112.0
146.4
139.2

89.8

90.0

69.9
116.8

69.9
116.9
103.7
105.8
122.7
165.0
75.1
100.3

147.6
136.2
118.9
90.6
70.0
117.8
104.6
106.0
124.4

147.2

116.2

147.6
136.1
118.1

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

110.4

110.5

147.5
135.6
116.2
89.9
69.1

147.3
135.9

116.2
104.1
105.6
125.5
164.8
75.8

116.9
104.5
106.2
123.4
162.4
75.6

100.3

101.4

117.0
90.3
69.2

118.1
91.1

89.8

69.4
116.6
104.0

110.9
147.1
137.5
117.0

117.4

117.2

104.4
107.2

104.2
125.4
168.0
75.1
101.3

124.2
167.3
75.1

100.2

100.4
118.7
54.8
80.0

105.9
125.0

69.8
118.2
105.3
108.0
127.1

165.9
75.2

172.1
76.0

126.6
169.9
75.4

100.9

101.1

101.1
99.9
116.2

90.2
69.9
106.7

104.1
106.7

100.8

135.8

117.0
90.4
70.2
116.5
103.8
105.0
122.2

164.1
74.5
101.8

100.4
119.0
57.3

100.1
118.3
58.2

80.1
57.7
105.4
122.0
103.2
72.4
149.4

79.8
57.7
105.1
121.4

102.7
73.9
149.2

58.1
105.2
122.6
102.8
73.2
149.2

31.7

30.9

30.5

163.2

163.7

163.3

133.7

133.2

134.1

131.5

132.0

132.3

142.6

143.3

143.6

139.1

138.8

198.9

199.3

101.2

101.1

100.5

100.9

118.9
55.4
81.6
61.4

118.5
55.3
81.1
61.4
106.3
122.3

117.9
56.2

119.1
59.0
81.3

73.9

79.8
60.4
106.0
122.3
101.9
72.9

106.0
122.4
102.1
74.4

149.5

148.6

149.6

122.1
102.3
72.5
149.4

32.8

32.4

32.0

30.9

161.6

161.9

162.7

133.6

133.0

131.6

106.7
121.9
102.4
74.5
148.5

102.3

59.3

49.5
80.0
58.6

117.7
53.7

79.5
58.6

137.2

117.5
90.8
70.2
118.5

104.9
106.7
125.3

169.4
73.5

169.1
73.1

100.5

100.0

100.2
118.3
52.0
78.9
57.7

100.1
117.2
54.4
80.8

136.8
117.3

90.9
69.9
118.6

104.4
107.8
123.9
166.1

72.9
99.4

117.5
91.4

69.4
120.7
105.5
109.4

125.0
169.8
74.0
100.4

99.4
117.0
47.3
80.0
58.0
104.3

100.6
118.7
54.0
80.4
58.5
105.0

121.8

101.9
66.6
149.1

123.5
102.7
66.7
151.6

103.4
72.0
149.5

104.9
121.8
103.7
70.0
150.9

57.9
105.4
122.1
102.8
69.0
150.0

30.0

29.4

30.0

29.9

29.8

29.7

164.1

164.4

165.0

165.6

165.3

166.0

167.0

133.5

133.3

132.7

134.0

134.5

134.0

134.8

136.3

132.5

133.1

133.8

133.2

134.0

134.7

134.4

135.2

136.1

144.4

143.8

142.6

143.1

143.3

144.7

145.5

144.6

145.4

145.5

139.4

141.2

140.7

140.2

140.5

139.7

140.6

140.7

140.0

139.8

140.8

200.7

201.1

202.4

202.3

204.0

205.0

204.8

205.5

205.8

206.6

208.0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.




111.2

147.6
137.5
116.8
90.4
70.0

105.9

105.6
122.1

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry
Feb.
2000r

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

March
2000r

April
2000p

239,045

239,157

240,917

2.6

200,230

200,785

201,861

1,237
13,453
39,923
24,122
15,801
13,796
14,219
34,708
14,448
68,446

1,248
13,537
39,837
24,102
15,735
13,798
14,298
34,866
14,448
68,754

1,270
13,356
40,152
24,289
15,864
13,992
14,416
34,925
14,560
69,189

38,815

38,372

39,057

Feb. 2000
to
March 2000r

March 2000
To
April 2000p

2.8

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




April 1999
to
April 2000p

0.0

0.7

3.9
6.0
.3
1.0
-.7
2.0
3.7
1.9
1.8
4.3

.9
.6
-.2
-.1
-.4
.0
.6
.5
.0
.4

-1.3
.8
.8
.8
1.4
.8
.2
.8
.6

1.4

-1.1

1.8

1.8

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—691-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address:
ftpi/.ftp_,b.!.s,ggy/£uj?/jpe.d

65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
2000

1999
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$13.14 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28 $13.29 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.44 $13.49 $13.54 $13.58 $13.64
14.67

14.75

14.85

14.90

14.90

14.93

14.97

14.99

15.03

15.10

15.17

15.21

15.28

16.87
16.97
13.79
13.09

17.05
17.08
13.85
13.13

16.96
17.16
13.95
13.20

17.23
17.18
14.02
13.26

17.12
17.15
14.03
13.28

17.09
17.21
14.04
13.29

17.09
17.27
14.07
13.33

16.93
17.31
14.06
13.32

17.01
17.42
14.09
13.35

17.01
17.44
14.15
13.42

17.04
17.55
14.21
13.45

17.14
17.62
14.22
13.48

17.21
17.72
14.30
13.51

12.65

12.68

12.73

12.77

12.79

12.85

12.89

12.90

12.95

12.98

13.03

13.07

13.13

15.60
14.44
9.03
14.58
13.28

15.65
14.48
9.04
14.60
13.33

15.65
14.56
9.06
14.62
13.38

15.70
14.61
9.10
14.68
13.42

15.70
14.63
9.13
14.63
13.44

15.76
14.74
9.15
14.70
13.49

15.76
14.80
9.18
14.72
13.55

15.81
14.81
9.20
14.73
13.55

15.94
14.88
9.26
14.75
13.60

15.87
14.99
9.26
14.88
13.64

15.98
14.94
9.31
14.85
13.69

16.04
15.01
9.34
14.94
13.73

16.11
15.00
9.39
14.98
13.79

7.83
8.74
7.53

7.85
8.78
7.55

7.89
8.84
7.58

7.88
8.84
7.58

7.87
8.82
7.57

7.86
8.79
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.86
8.80
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.88
8.83
7.59

7.87
8.82
7.58

7.84
8.78
7.54

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)

452.02 453.39 456.78 458.16 458.51 459.24 461.96 462.30 463.68 466.75 467.13 468.51 471.94

Goods-producing

600.00 604.75 611.82 613.88 612.39 613.62 615.27 619.09 614.73 620.61 626.52 626.65 632.59

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

738.91 751.91 746.24 777.07 756.70 757.09 753.67 748.31 751.84 763.75 761.69 766.16 774.45
655.04 664.41 676.10 668.30 668.85 672.91 675.26 692.40 677.64 687.14 700.25 697.75 698.17
573.66 577.55 581.72 587.44 586.45 586.87 588.13 586.30 586.14 590.06 593.98 592.97 602.03

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

414.92 415.90 417.54 420.13 420.79 421.48 422.79 423.12 426.06 427.04 427.38 430.00 431.98
608.40
554.50
261.87
(5)
431.60

607.22
554.58
263.06
(5)
433.23

608.79
559.10
263.65
(5)
436.19

607.59
561.02
264.81
(5)
437.49

608.34
567.49
263.52
(5)
439.77

606.76
571.28
265.30
(5)
443.09

603.94
568.70
265.88
(5)
444.44

613.69
572.88
269.47
(5)
444.72

609.41
578.61
270.39
(5)
446.03

612.03
573.70
269.99
(5)
447.66

614.33
577.89
271.79
(5)
448.97

269.22 270.04 272.05 271.91 271.47 270.46 271.58 271.30 271.48 272.79 271.59 270.35
357.36 360.18 364.40 364.32 362.58 361.38 361.71 363.32 359.91 362.72 364.26 361.60
247.12 247.71 248.68 249.34 249.14 248.22 248.55 248.31 249.45 249.59 248.48 248.12
4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




610.73
561.79
264.77
(5)
439.49

621.85
582.00
272.31
(5)
452.31
(4)
(4)
(4)

Not available.
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
5

66

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Total

126,867 127,990 128,778 129,807 130,940

-

-

-

-

-

Total private

106,385 107,522 108,090 108,863 109,914

86,892

87,893

88,272

88,986

89,938
401

540

Mining

532

521

526

533

404

398

392

395

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

49.1
8.1
14.3

48.7
8.2
14.2

47.5
8.3
14.4

47.4
8.3
14.5

47.2
-

37.2
6.7
10.7

37.0
6.8
10.7

36.2
7.1
11.0

36.1
7.0
11.1

_
-

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

87.1
81.1

85.9
79.9

79.7
74.1

79.2
73.7

79.4
-

72.0
66.8

71.2
65.9

65.9
61.1

65.3
60.7

_

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

300.2
128.6
167.2

289.1
126.4
158.8

293.7
123.7
167.2

296.2
123.0
170.5

299.1
-

217.3
75.1
138.0

207.5
74.0
130.1

215.8
75.1
138.4

216.4
73.0
141.2

_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

103.4
40.6
33.6
11.4

108.4
42.6
35.9
11.4

100.4
40.7
31.6
11.7

103.0
41.3
33.2
11.5

107.7
_
-

77.3
31.4
_
-

82.1
33.4
_
-

74.4
31.3
_
-

77.0
31.7
_
-

_
_
-

5,806

6,104

5,976

6,141

6,369

4,417

4,697

4,537

4,695

Construction

-

4,915

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,358.1
700.5
27.3
630.3

1,393.0
721.9
27.9
643.2

1,400.2
720.3
28.9
651.0

1,421.2
732.3
29.0
659.9

1,448.0
_
_
-

933.9
465.5
10.8
457.6

963.8
483.7
11.1
469.0

962.0
479.6
11.7
470.7

981.5
490.8
11.9
478.8

_
_
-

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

761.6
202.8
558.8

845.8
255.9
589.9

753.1
194.9
558.2

798.7
216.2
582.5

869.6
-

623.0
156.0
467.0

704.6
207.8
496.8

612.4
148.6
463.8

654.9
168.7
486.2

_
-

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,686.2
832.4
185.5
737.6
504.4
277.2
229.1

3,865.0
846.2
202.9
741.8
524.4
283.3
252.6

3,822.5
865.8
189.3
776.4
520.1
287.7
234.9

3,920.8
872.8
196.3
781.9
536.6
290.5
250.0

4,051.7
_
_
_
_
-

2,859.8
610.0
149.7
577.6
435.0
207.4
174.9

3,028.4
621.4
167.4
580.4
454.6
212.3
197.1

2,962.2
635.0
152.3
608.8
447.8
212.7
178.3

3,058.1
642.9
159.8
614.1
463.6
214.5
192.7

_
_
_
-

18,427

18,407

18,271

18,289

18,306

12,666

12,650

12,549

12,558

12,570

10,991

10,982

10,930

10,955

10,972

7,522

7,518

7,481

7,496

7,512

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

813.4
73.3
180.0
139.3
37.7
316.3
125.6
91.2
28.7
27.7
55.5
100.2
77.2
88.1

814.1
70.8
180.4
140.0
37.4
319.7
127.2
91.7
28.9
27.8
55.0
100.0
76.4
88.2

816.6
72.8
178.3
137.6
38.0
327.3
130.0
96.5
29.2
28.3
54.0
95.8
70.6
88.4

814.5
69.5
178.8
138.0
38.1
327.1
129.2
96.6
29.0
28.4
54.7
96.3
70.9
88.1

816.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

666.3
57.4
156.8
120.9
33.5
253.0
97.2
73.8
24.5
24.7
47.7
79.3
64.4
72.1

667.6
55.5
157.2
121.5
33.3
256.2
98.9
74.3
24.5
24.6
47.2
79.6
64.2
71.9

667.1
58.4
155.2
119.2
33.9
260.6
100.7
111
24.8
24.9
46.2
74.6
57.9
72.1

665.9
55.4
155.6
119.5
34.0
261.2
100.4
78.0
24.7
25.0
46.7
74.8
58.0
72.2

668.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

535.9
285.2
130.0
89.7
19.0
34.7

536.3
285.5
129.5
90.9
19.1
34.4

544.9
290.4
131.6
92.8
20.1
34.4

545.3
290.5
130.6
93.2
20.3
34.8

545.9
_
_
-

428.3
242.9
113.2
76.6
16.0
27.1

428.1
243.0
112.7
77.6
16.1
26.7

433.0
248.0
114.6
79.6
17.0
27.1

433.4
247.9
113.8
79.6
17.2
27.5

434.3
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC
OUUc

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

252
253
254
259

68.5
47.6
93.8
40.8

67.8
48.0
93.7
41.3

70.4
50.0
92.7
41.4

70.5
49.8
93.3
41.2

32
321
322

556.4
16.6
69.5
24.6
44.9
62.6
17.2
33.2
38.1
225.1
18.9
80.1
108.2
78.2
18.7

568.7
16.7
69.2
23.9
45.3
62.6
17.3
33.3
37.7
237.4
19.9
81.9
117.5
78.4
18.9

555.8
17.0
69.3
22.9
46.4
63.6
17.4
33.6
36.5
226.1
19.3
81.8
106.9
76.8
18.7

564.0
17.1
69.4
22.9
46.5
63.6
17.4
33.7
36.0
233.8
20.1
83.7
112.0
77.3
18.7

3221
3229

323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
3296

33
331
3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357

336
3365

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee

23
.

23
.

20
.

21
.

24.6

24.7

24.6

24.6

693.1
222.7
154.0
27.7
127.8
77.3

690.4
221.7
153.4
27.8
127.0
77.0

687.2
220.5
152.3
28.3
123.7
76.9

688.6
221.5
153.1
28.2
124.1
77.0

47
.

47
.

43
.

43
.

28.7
37.5
21.6
167.5
22.0
19.9
72.4
91.0
26.0

28.7
37.4
21.5
166.9
21.7
19.7
72.2
90.9
26.1

26.4
36.7
21.5
168.5
22.3
19.5
72.5
92.1
26.5

26.6
36.5
21.3
168.2
22.4
19.5
73.2
92.6
26.6

1,488.5
35.5
28.6
125.2
42.6
69.8
57.6
24.2
18.8
462.6
82.8
80.0
100.9
122.3
32.8
105.1
54.0
51.1
259.0
32.0
116.4
96.7

1,486.5
35.6
28.6
125.2
42.7
69.7
57.9
24.1
19.1
463.6
83.1
80.9
99.6
122.9
33.0
104.6
53.7
50.9
257.6
31.7
115.8
96.4

1,492.8
35.3
28.5
122.1
42.3
67.8
57.7
24.0
18.8
472.6
84.9
83.4
98.0
127.1
34.3
103.4
52.8
50.6
258.3
30.5
115.7
98.9

1,495.9
35.4
28.6
122.2
42.6
67.6
58.9
24.7
18.9
473.6
85.3
82.8
97.9
128.0
34.4
103.2
52.7
50.5
257.4
30.3
115.2
98.9

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

1987
Industry

68

Apr.
2000P

573.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
686.7
220.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
1,499.9

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

49.4
37.3
70.8
27.9

49.0
37.4
70.6
28.1

49.6
38.1
69.1
28.2

49.8
37.8
69.8
28.1

434.1
13.3
57.2
21.5
35.7
48.1
12.8
25.7
30.0
173.8
12.3
61.9
85.2
60.9
14.8

444.6
13.4
56.8
20.7
36.1
47.8
12.8
25.7
29.5
185.2
13.0
63.7
94.2
61.0
15.0

430.3
13.7
55.7
19.8
35.9
48.4
12.6
25.9
28.6
174.4
12.6
63.1
84.3
59.3
14.5

437.4
13.9
55.5
19.9
35.6
48.3
12.6
26.0
28.1
181.5
13.2
64.9
89.2
59.6
14.5

19
.
-

19
.
-

17
.
-

17
.
-

541.1
172.6
120.4
21.1
104.6
64.0

538.7
171.9
120.0
21.2
104.1
63.8

538.0
171.8
119.7
21.8
101.0
63.6

539.7
172.9
120.4
21.7
101.3
63.6

36
.

36
.

32
.

33
.

23.5
28.9
17.6
126.5
17.8
14.7
54.2
74.1
21.3

23.7
28.9
17.5
125.9
17.6
14.5
53.8
73.7
21.4

21.4
28.5
17.6
128.4
17.7
14.4
55.2
75.2
21.9

21.5
28.1
17.3
128.8
17.7
14.3
56.3
75.6
22.0

1,119.6
30.2
24.8
96.6
33.2
53.8
41.0
17.6
12.4
337.3
60.2
58.9
72.3
93.6
24.1
82.2
43.8
38.4
203.3
24.0
94.9
73.7

1,117.9
30.4
24.9
96.3
33.2
53.6
41.2
17.5
12.7
337.6
60.1
59.7
71.3
93.9
24.0
81.8
43.5
38.3
202.7
23.7
94.5
73.9

1,123.0
30.0
24.6
94.0
33.1
52.0
40.6
17.1
12.4
344.6
61.4
61.2
70.6
97.7
24.6
80.9
42.8
38.1
203.5
22.8
94.3
76.2

1,126.9
30.1
24.7
94.4
33.3
52.1
41.5
17.8
12.4
345.3
61.5
60.8
70.4
98.6
24.8
81.1
42.9
38.2
202.9
22.6
94.1
76.1

Apr.
2000P

_
446.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
538.1
172.2

_
_
1,130.4

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

142.2
86.6
55.6
39.3
18.4
262.0
24.4
57.7

141.7
86.3
55.4
39.5
18.5
260.8
24.2
57.1

143.0
87.8
55.2
37.5
16.9
262.9
23.5
57.1

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

2,144.1
83.3
24.6
58.7
101.1
72.5
245.3
91.3
16.3
42.7
41.3
34.5
343.2
41.8
16.8
165.5
53.8
20.4
170.9
13.8
20.8
24.7
263.5
30.9
40.4
27.1
36.5
17.3
22.0
359.1
182.1

2,136.8
83.5
24.2
59.3
99.4
71.1
243.9
91.4
16.2
41.5
41.2
34.4
341.0
41.4
16.8
164.8
53.0
20.3
169.9
13.7
20.8
24.7
261.7
30.6
40.0
27.2
36.2
17.1
21.7
359.3
182.5

60.4
202.0
141.0
375.7
24.0
304.7

61.0
203.3
142.3
374.8
24.1
304.0

62.0
197.7
138.0
379.8
24.7
309.3

62.2
197.5
138.6
379.9
24.7
309.6

1,658.4
82.1
37.5
44.6
148.3
73.1
55.9
117.0
26.6
17.3
22.1

1,654.6
82.1
37.6
44.5
148.0
72.5
55.7
117.5
27.8
17.5
21.3

1,675.5
83.8
38.8
45.0
144.5
70.5
55.1
119.9
27.3
18.7
21.5

1,676.4
84.0
38.8
45.2
144.4
70.2
55.2
119.6
27.7
18.6
20.8

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

69

2000P

143.6
87.9
55.7
37.4
16.7
264.2
23.5
57.4

Apr.
2000P

_
_
_
-

2,119.0 2,115.2 2,113.3
84.1
_
84.7
23.8
23.6
_
60.3
61.1
_
100.5
100.2
_
73.2
72.9
_
240.3
241.3
91.1
91.7
14.7
14.8
39.5
39.6
41.6
41.9
34.4
34.6
335.3
334.9
_
39.3
39.4
_
16.7
16.8
_
165.1
164.9
52.2
52.0
19.2
19.3
_
168.7
168.0
_
12.4
12.3
_
20.6
20.5
24.4
_
24.4
_
258.6
259.2
29.7
29.7
_
39.6
39.6
_
27.8
27.8
36.7
36.7
16.2
15.9
_
_
20.5
20.5
350.3
353.2
347.2
179.1
177.1
_
_
_
_
1,680.5
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

114.3
70.5
43.8
23.4
87
.
191.3
18.0
43.5

113.5
70.0
43.5
23.7
89
.
190.7
17.8
43.3

114.7
71.4
43.3
21.7
78
.
193.0
17.4
43.5

115.5
71.5
44.0
21.5
77
.
194.6
17.5
44.1

1,359.4
54.8
13.4
41.4
72.6
51.0
155.6
61.9
94
.
26.0
21.7
23.9
245.0
25.8
10.4
126.3
38.5
14.9
93.6
88
.
11.9
14.7
167.9
17.7
31.0
15.1
25.4
12.7
15.4
144.3
70.7

1,353.3
55.3
13.2
42.1
71.1
49.9
155.4
62.5
92
.
25.1
21.9
23.9
242.8
25.4
10.3
125.6
37.9
14.9
92.5
86
.
11.8
14.8
166.0
17.6
30.5
15.1
25.3
12.6
15.0
143.7
71.4

1,346.1
57.1
12.5
44.6
71.3
51.2
152.4
61.8
84
.
23.3
22.1
23.9
239.3
24.0
10.1
126.6
37.1
14.3
88.5
79
.
11.2
14.6
164.1
16.8
30.6
15.1
26.1
11.7
14.3
150.6
82.9

1,342.1
56.7
12.7
44.0
71.8
51.6
151.3
60.5
84
.
23.2
22.2
24.1
239.2
24.0
10.1
126.4
37.3
14.2
88.9
79
.
11.3
14.7
163.0
16.8
30.6
15.1
26.1
11.4
14.3
148.6
82.2

1,339.3
_
-

23.1
144.4
106.5
281.2
19.3
232.5

23.3
146.1
108.0
280.4
19.4
231.6

23.9
140.9
103.8
281.9
19.2
233.8

23.7
140.7
104.4
281.9
19.2
233.7

_

1,036.5
55.9
25.7
30.2
102.2
56.3
32.3
95.4
22.0
15.0
16.7

1,034.6
56.2
25.9
30.3
102.2
55.8
32.2
96.3
23.3
15.3
15.9

1,035.5
57.1
27.9
29.2
97.6
53.9
30.8
99.3
23.6
16.9
15.4

1,039.4
57.0
27.8
29.2
97.0
53.4
30.6
98.7
23.8
16.8
14.7

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
1,042.8
_
_

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

Production workers'

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

177.8
19.3
59.9
19.8
21.0
80.1
53.7
273.4
121.1
636.9
19.8
266.9
143.8
142.8
25.8
62.9

177.8
19.5
59.5
20.0
20.8
81.1
53.7
272.5
120.3
633.9
19.8
266.1
143.0
141.7
26.0
62.3

175.6
19.1
56.8
19.9
21.0
82.4
53.4
277.9
124.3
650.8
19.2
273.6
144.7
140.6
25.5
61.3

176.2
19.1
57.1
20.0
20.7
82.2
53.0
278.1
124.3
652.2
18.6
274.3
144.3
139.7
25.8
60.9

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,874.4
994.1
340.7
44.5
547.5
40.2
509.7
257.6
103.4
148.7
168.3
105.2
63.1
36.9
86.1
59.6
57.0
22.8

1,865.1
997.8
341.5
44.8
549.6
40.5
502.1
254.1
101.4
146.6
162.1
98.4
63.7
36.5
86.7
59.6
57.5
23.1

1,824.0
1,009.0
339.5
46.8
558.4
43,0
447.0
217.5
96.7
132.8
167.9
98.9
69.0
32.3
87.3
61.1
57.5
23.5

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

843.1
156.9
293.9
38.5
65.6
72.7
276.9
111.1
95.3
34.0
75.0
6.4

842.1
156.3
292.1
38.4
64.7
72.1
278.8
110.9
95.5
33.8
74.7
6.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942.4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

383.8
50.3
37.2
16.2
99.5
30.6
68.9
29.9
20.6
11.3
167.3
74.6

387.6
49.8
36.8
16.1
103.2
30.9
72.3
30.0
20.8
11.5
167.7
74.6

UUUc

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.




70

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

_
_
_
_
_
_
654.9
_
_
_
_
-

127.8
15.6
40.0
14.8
15.7
51.7
31.7
123.4
54.4
378.6
14.6
115.0
97.1
101.5
20.1
48.1

127.0
15.6
39.8
15.0
15.1
52.1
31.6
122.2
53.9
377.6
14.6
115.1
96.6
101.0
20.3
47.9

126.4
14.4
39.6
15.1
15.2
53.6
32.1
118.0
52.2
382.7
14.7
112.9
99.6
100.8
20.7
46.8

126.7
14.4
39.9
15.1
14.9
53.2
31.5
119.9
54.3
386.0
14.3
114.8
99.6
100.9
21.2
46.4

1,837.1
1,008.7
339.1
47.3
558.2
42.6
459.4
231.0
95.8
132.6
167.8
99.0
68.8
32.3
87.5
61.5
58.3
23.9

1,834.8
1,011.9
_
_
455.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,244.2
758.9
242.3
35.5
431.4
31.8
252.8
108.0
50.6
94.2
126.2
73.5
52.7
25.9
22.6
13.9
42.3
19.4

1,237.7
762.0
243.1
35.8
433.1
31.9
249.9
106.4
50.8
92.7
119.2
66.3
52.9
25.7
22.5
13.7
42.8
19.7

1,225.4
773.5
241.5
37.3
442.7
34.0
220.4
90.2
47.6
82.6
126.9
69.3
57.6
23.1
21.9
13.0
43.5
20.0

1,227.7
772.4
241.5
37.6
441.7
33.7
222.9
92.2
48.0
82.7
127.1
69.8
57.3
23.1
21.9
12.8
44.3
20.4

1,227.1
776.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

828.0
149.0
293.8
37.4
64.3
74.5
276.4
110.4
96.2
32.3
70.0
6.5

829.9
148.8
294.3
37.1
64.2
74.5
277.7
110.6
96.6
32.6
70.0
6.5

831.3
_
_
_
_
-

425.8
43.7
150.5
26.9
33.4
29.0
167.1
71.8
60.2
24.2
35.0
5.3

426.1
43.1
148.8
26.5
33.1
28.7
168.9
71.5
60.1
24.2
35.8
5.3

416.1
36.7
146.6
23.7
33.0
28.6
163.8
70.3
58.9
23.0
40.6
5.4

416.1
36.6
146.3
23.3
32.9
28.5
164.5
70.2
59.2
23.0
40.4
5.3

417.1
-

386.3
48.7
36.5
17.0
102.7
30.9
71.8
29.1
19.4
10.4
169.4
75.7

387.7
48.7
36.5
17.2
104.1
30.9
73.2
29.2
19.2
10.3
169.3
76.0

389.0
_
_

266.6
34.3
24.8
13.0
67.3
19.6
47.7
20.7
14.9
8.0
116.4
48.8

269.1
33.9
24.5
12.9
69.9
19.7
50.2
20.5
15.2
8.3
116.7
48.6

266.2
32.6
23.8
13.5
69.3
19.3
50.0
20.0
14.2
7.3
116.6
48.4

267.2
32.9
24.1
13.7
70.0
19.0
51.0
20.0
14.1
7.3
116.5
48.7

268.2
_
-

_
-

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

7,436
1,654.0
499.3
151.2
98.4
249.7
139.4
38.3
62.1
206.1
15.4
54.6
44.3
124.3
18.9
39.6
204.1
142.8

7,425
1,649.0
497.2
151.2
98.8
247.2
140.1
38.4
62.3
207.3
15.5
54.9
45.1
124.2
19.1
39.6
204.6
143.4

7,341
1,647.8
498.7
150.6
101.9
246.2
139.6
38.3
62.5
204.6
14.6
55.3
47.2
123.0
18.5
39.4
206.1
144.8

7,334
1,643.1
499.1
152.8
102.2
244.1
140.3
38.4
62.5
203.4
14.7
54.7
46.4
122.7
18.6
39.3
205.5
144.6

7,334
1,643.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

5,144
1,230.0
426.1
126.9
78.1
221.1
96.2
31.4
37.0
170.4
11.9
44.2
37.9
88.8
11.8
26.0
138.4
86.2

5,132
1,222.0
423.6
126.6
78.3
218.7
95.9
31.2
36.7
171.1
12.1
44.4
38.7
88.9
12.0
26.0
139.0
86.6

5,068
1,224.8
423.5
126.4
80.9
216.2
97.2
31.8
38.2
168.2
11.5
44.2
40.9
86.6
11.0
25.8
143.5
91.4

5,062
1,220.9
423.9
128.5
81.2
214.2
98.0
31.9
38.5
167.6
11.5
43.8
40.0
86.5
11.0
25.8
142.6
90.9

5,058
1,219.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

61.3
91.7
54
.
38
.
71
.
50.9
34.3
179.8
31.8
95.7
175.0

61.2
88.6
47
.
38
.
77
.
47.9
34.2
180.7
32.0
96.6
172.1

61.3
90.4
49
.
38
.
87
.
48.0
34.2
181.0
31.7
96.8
170.2

60.9
88.0
43
.
38
.
78
.
47.5
34.2
181.5
31.8
97.0
168.4

52.2
71.4
42
.
30
.
61
.
40.1
23.7
87.2
19.4
39.2
127.8

52.4
68.2
34
.
31
.
66
.
37.2
23.6
87.5
19.9
39.4
124.2

52.1
71.6
36
.
28
.
77
.
39.0
23.2
88.8
19.3
40.7
122.2

51.7
69.4
33
.
28
.
68
.
38.6
23.5
89.4
19.4
41.3
120.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

38.1
25.4

36.4
25.5

39.0
23.9

34.8
21.9

35.5
-

28.6
18.4

27.0
18.4

28.0
15.6

23.4
13.4

24.5
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yam and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

569.3
66.9
60.4
11.3
20.9
146.8
16.3
35.6
41.9
99
.
22.2
61.8
28.8
19.1
64.4
83.4
60.0
16.7
53.4

566.8
65.7
60.0
10.2
21.2
146.8
16.3
35.7
41.9
97
.
22.4
61.3
28.5
19.0
64.3
83.5
60.5
16.4
53.8

547.4
61.1
58.7
88
.
21.2
135.6
15.9
34.1
35.8

547.3
61.2
58.4
87
.
21.4
135.8
16.0
34.2
35.4

546.9
_

88
.

88
.

20.9
59.3
27.8
18.4
67.0
82.5
59.2
16.7
53.2

21.3
59.2
27.8
18.2
67.0
82.0
58.6
16.9
53.6

481.9
59.4
51.2
94
.
17.1
124.0
14.1
31.0
35.9
87
.
18.2
51.7
24.4
15.6
54.2
73.6
53.3
14.4
41.3

479.4
59.0
51.1
86
.
17.3
124.0
14.1
31.0
36.0
85
.
18.4
51.2
24.0
15.5
53.1
73.7
53.6
14.3
41.4

462.7
54.7
50.1
74
.
17.2
114.5
13.9
29.5
30.8
76
.
17.3
49.1
22.9
15.1
55.3
73.4
52.9
14.8
41.0

462.9
54.8
49.7
74
.
17.5
114.9
14.0
29.5
30.5
77
.
17.8
49.0
22.9
14.9
55.3
73.0
52.4
15.0
41.3

462.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

700.3
24.1
160.6
30.9
55.0
25.9
209.6
19.5
30.9
16.6
142.6

696.1
23.6
160.3
30.5
54.9
26.2
208.2
19.1
30.6
16.3
142.2

651.7
21.8
145.0
25.5
49.8
24.0
195.5
15.8
29.7
14.4
135.6

653.9
21.8
143.6
25.2
49.8
23.5
198.5
16.1
30.2
14.0
138.2

558.6
19.0
133.8
26.5
46.8
22.4
163.5
14.4
23.9
12.2
113.0

556.4
18.7
133.6
26.2
46.7
22.5
163.1
14.2
23.7
12.0
113.2

518.4
17.4
118.5
20.8
42.1
20.2
152.2
11.2
22.6
10.5
107.9

521.9
17.4
117.7
20.5
42.3
19.9
155.2
11.5
23.2
10.1
110.4

522.4
_
_
_
_
_

See footnotes at end of table.




71

_
_
_
_
654.5
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

All employees

Production workers'

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

28.4
20.5
79
.
21.1
84
.
30.0
210.5
17.7
54.4
60.6

27.9
20.1
78
.
20.9
81
.
30.5
208.7
17.8
53.3
60.0

23.9
17.6
63
.
19.8
81
.
29.2
201.8
17.2
52.5
58.7

23.6
17.4
62
.
20.0
81
.
29.4
202.2
17.1
52.8
58.6

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

659.7
149.3
47.1
214.3
131.1
17.1
45.8
237.3
45.1
38.6
23.9

658.6
149.0
46.9
214.4
131.2
17.1
45.8
236.6
44.9
38.0
24.0

651.3
143.4
45.5
214.1
132.8
16.6
45.0
237.2
43.8
38.1
24.2

649.5
142.9
45.1
213.3
132.4
16.6
44.8
237.8
44.0
37.9
24.2

648.6
_
_
-

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,553.7
439.8
140.1
123.3
85.2
38.1
92.6
579.0
378.2
181.3
41.1
61.2
49.2

1,552.7
439.9
139.9
123.2
85.3
37.9
92.8
579.6
378.3
181.7
40.0
60.7
49.2

1,546.9
443.4
141.2
123.2
85.2
38.0
95.2
573.0
371.3
182.1
38.8
59.3
47.3

1,034.6
112.2
68.4
151.6
77.8
40.9
285.2
223.8
151.4
39.4
40.4
71.6
53.0
136.2
21.5
112.4
52.3
92.7

1,034.2
111.7
67.8
151.3
77.6
40.4
286.4
224.6
151.7
39.5
40.3
71.9
52.7
135.7
21.3
112.0
52.4
92.3

135.4
93.4
27.2
1,015.4
77.4
53
.
70.8
30.3
111.6
750.3

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations ... 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

22.7
16.2
65
.
17.1
74
.
23.3
166.7
13.9
45.7
47.3

22.2
15.8
64
.
16.9
72
.
24.1
165.2
14.0
44.9
46.5

19.2
14.0
52
.
16.4
70
.
22.7
160.4
13.7
44.7
45.6

19.0
13.9
51
.
16.8
70
.
23.0
161.0
13.5
45.0
45.5

498.6
116.4
36.0
165.7
98.0
15.4
36.9
171.2
21.1
29.6
18.6

494.9
112.1
35.1
166.8
99.9
15.0
36.6
172.1
19.7
30.2
18.6

492.6
111.7
34.8
165.9
99.7
14.9
36.3
172.0
19.8
30.1
18.5

491.6

_
_
-

499.1
116.5
36.2
165.5
97.8
15.4
36.9
171.6
21.3
30.0
18.4

1,547.7
442.8
140.9
123.9
85.7
38.2
95.6
573.5
371.6
182.3
38.8
59.1
47.0

1,549.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

831.2
146.0
43.2
57.2
27.3
29.9
45.3
411.9
269.9
126.6
27.6
46.4
32.9

828.5
145.6
42.6
57.0
27.0
30.0
46.0
411.1
268.9
126.7
26.5
46.3
32.9

824.0
147.1
47.9
57.1
27.3
29.8
45.2
406.4
264.5
126.6
25.9
44.1
31.0

826.4
148.0
48.1
57.4
27.5
29.9
45.4
406.9
265.4
126.3
25.8
44.2
30.7

826.5
_
_
_
-

1,031.2
110.6
67.0
147.5
76.2
39.0
297.5
234.3
150.7
40.1
39.1
71.5
54.4
129.6
20.0
107.2
50.5
90.4

1,031.4
110.4
66.9
147.0
76.2
39.0
298.1
234.8
151.2
40.2
39.0
72.0
54.6
129.2
19.9
106.9
50.4
90.5

1,031.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

581.7
60.8
36.7
99.3
47.1
32.3
131.0
106.1
95.8
24.9
22.6
48.3
28.0
77.8
12.6
63.5
31.6
57.4

581.5
59.7
36.3
98.9
46.8
31.8
132.1
106.7
96.4
25.6
22.5
48.3
27.6
77.9
12.5
63.7
31.8
57.1

587.2
59.1
36.8
98.9
46.7
31.1
139.7
113.6
98.2
27.8
22.2
48.2
28.5
76.9
11.8
63.4
30.5
55.4

587.2
59.8
37.0
99.0
46.8
31.2
139.1
113.1
97.6
27.2
22.0
48.4
28.4
77.2
11.8
63.6
30.5
55.6

585.8
-

137.9
93.3
29.7

131.8
89.9
27.0

132.6
89.5
28.1

134.0
_
-

89.1
60.9
20.1

91.4
60.7
22.6

78.9
51.3
20.0

78.0
49.6
20.9

78.1
-

1,018.5
77.0
55
.
70.2
29.6
111.3
754.5

1,024.1
76.6
52
.
70.3
29.7
111.4
760.6

1,023.2
76.6
55
.
70.7
29.6
111.1
759.3

1,021.0
_
-

787.4
57.8
39
.
54.6
24.0
85.5
585.6

790.7
57.5
41
.
54.1
23.5
85.3
589.7

798.7
58.5
41
.
54.4
23.4
86.3
595.4

798.0
57.9
41
.
54.8
23.4
86.2
595.0

796.6
—

See footnotes at end of table.




72

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Transportation

75.1
11.1
31.8
18.0
7.4
8.1
8.3

69.9
10.7
28.5
16.4
6.4
8.0
7.3

70.0
10.8
28.4
16.2
6.5
8.1
7.5

69.1
_
_
_
-

56.3
9.1
25.6
13.9
6.4
6.0
4.6

56.0
9.1
25.4
13.6
6.2
6.0
4.5

50.7
8.6
22.0
12.0
5.3
5.9
3.5

50.9
8.7
22.1
12.0
5.4
6.1
3.5

50.3
_
_
_
-

6,719

6,835

6,866

6,905

5,545

5,561

5,665

5,700

5,734

4,336

Transportation and public utilities

75.4
11.1
32.3
18.3
7.7
8.0
8.2
6,685

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

4,371

4,445

4,469

4,511

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

40
4011

232.4
205.5

234.1
207.0

222.8
195.9

220.6
193.9

222.7
-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

491.4
238.6
31.7
27.9
159.0

493.6
240.2
31.2
28.3
158.6

501.1
247.4
32.4
28.0
161.5

503.7
248.6
32.3
28.2
162.0

510.5
_
-

450.4
216.3
24.6
-

453.0
218.0
24.9
-

464.3
225.1
28.2
-

466.8
226.4
28.1
-

_
_
-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air..
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,758.9
1,582.1
171.5

1,775.6
1,598.0
172.1

1,801.0
1,611.7
183.1

1,811.7
1,620.7
184.6

1,831.8
_
-

1,537.2
1,389.4
143.0

1,551.7
1,403.9
142.9

1,576.2
1,418.1
152.6

1,588.3
1,428.0
154.6

_
_
-

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

171.1
15.1
111.7

177.5
15.0
117.6

176.1
15.1
118.3

178.1
15.5
119.1

183.7
-

_
96.1

_
_
101.6

_
103.6

_
104.3

_
-

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,206.7
1,025.0
545.9
133

1,211.4
1,028.2
548.8
134

1,260.4
1,071.9
574.7
138

1,267.9
1,079.2
574.9
138

1,270.6
-

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

13.7

13.4

12.8

12.8

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

461.9
221.1
173.5
189.5

465.6
222.7
174.1
191.3

470.3
217.0
170.4
202.9

2,349

2,348

1,503.5
1,033.9
872.8
246.4
116.1
130.3
186.5

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

_
_
-

12.9

11.3

11.1

9.6

9.3

-

473.9
219.7
171.9
202.9

478.6
-

377.3
184.9
145.2
150.1

380.6
186.3
145.7
151.9

385.8
180.3
142.1
163.7

393.4
183.5
143.7
167.2

_
_
-

2,390

2,397

2,394

1,505.9
1,035.9
875.4
247.0
116.4
130.6
186.2

1,555.8
1,069.5
903.4
249.7
116.6
133.1
198.2

1.562.6
1,074.3
907.5
250.7
117.0
133.7
199.1

1,560.4

845.8
363.4
132.9
154.8
161.4

841.8
359.4
132.5
154.5
161.9

834.4
358.3
127.5
149.1
165.7

834.0
358.9
125.1
148.7
167.5

6,909

Communications and public utilities

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

6,948

7,064

4,091
526.3
155.9
291.5
168.3
80.9
87.4

4,111
530.1
158.0
292.2
168.8
81.9
86.9

4,197
532.2
163.0
290.2
177.1
85.6
91.5

See footnotes at end of table.




_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

73

-

-

-

-

-

1,099.2
732.0
606.9
200.8
_
151.7

1,084 0
716.2
592.8
201.4
_
151.5

1,123.2
744.4
613.9
203.1
_
160.2

1,128.1
748.7
617.8
203.1
_
160.5

_
_
_
_
-

833.1
_
-

679.5
293.4
103.7
123.2
133.0

677.8
290.5
103.9
123.1
134.0

669.4
286.2
100.8
120.6
135.5

670.3
286.8
98.7
121.2
137.1

_
_
_
_
-

7,101

7,126

5,538

5,571

5,652

5,686

4,213
531.2
163.2
288.0
177.0
84.7
92.3

4,225
_
_
-

3,233
412.8
_
134.2
_
-

3,247
414.9
_
_
133.6
_
-

3,324
422.9
_
_
139.4
_
-

3,340
422.8
_
_
139.7
_
-

_
_
-

5,700
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

266.4
136.7
40.0
962.1
208.8
408.1
199.1
153.1
549.3
233.7
49.7
265.9
305.3
110.7
120.1
833.6
93.3
121.2
331.7
155.9
326.4
118.3

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

273.9
138.2
41.5
965.7
208.6
409.2
201.0
153.2
549.4
234.3
49.5
265.6
305.4
109.6
121.0
835.5
93.8
122.7
332.0
155.3
328.5
118.2

277.3
142.1
42.5
1,011.1
213.9
433.3
212.4
158.2
561.3
246.3
50.5
264.5
311.2
110.2
125.0
840.7
93.3
121.0
333.4
158.4
327.5
123.4

281.8
144.2
43.3
1,014.6
214.4
433.7
213.1
159.4
564.1
247.8
50.7
265.6
312.5
110.8
126.0
844.6
93.6
123.3
335.0
158.6
327.4
122.1

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,818
284.9
169.0
254.2
223.1
926.3
284.6
57.1
104.4
105.9
159.3
154.1
63.2
90.9
157.1
99.6
57.5
552.7
165.6

2,837
286.6
169.0
254.5
225.3
925.9
284.6
56.9
102.7
107.0
160.8
153.9
63.1
90.8
157.4
100.2
57.2
565.9
174.6

2,867
295.8
176.9
270.3
223.1
933.4
288.0
58.3
98.3
104.9
161.6
151.5
62.2
89.3
165.6
103.1
62.5
560.3
160.1

2,888
297.3
178.2
273.2
224.4
935.8
287.9
58.0
99.1
105.4
163.4
152.1
61.9
90.2
166.2
103.5
62.7
569.8
166.1

22,174

Retail trade

Feb.
2000

22,476

22,466

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

221.0
_
762.6
_
161.4
122.4
401.8
_
250.6
_
663.5
_
_
_
263.7
-

227.6
_
767.5
_
163.2
122.4
400.0
_
_
_
250.1
_
665.4
_
265.1
-

230.2
_
812.7
_
170.0
126.9
400.4
_
253.6
670.9
_
267.3
-

233.8
_
_
814.5
_
_
171.0
127.7
404.2
_
254.5
674.7
_
267.6
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,901
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,305
235.8
_
211.6
181.8
775.9
_
85.2
116.5
126.8
_
126.7
444.7
-

2,324
236.9
_
211.4
183.9
776.9
_
86.5
117.0
126.4
_
126.7
458.1
-

2,328
242.6
_
220.3
178.0
782.5
85.5
115.0
124.7
_
132.6
446.7
-

2,346
243.7
_
222.7
180.2
781.6
86.0
116.7
125.0
_
133.3
456.9
-

_
-

22,599

22,892

19,452

19,724

19,727

19,844

20,106

Mar.
2000P

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

949.8
582.7
64.9
165.8
91.9

992.8
598.6
65.4
169.4
113.8

960.7
601.7
68.5
165.0
83.0

996.2
622.3
68.8
166.5
95.9

1,037.8
_
_
-

787.2
491.7
48.3
136.9
75.4

827.9
506.7
48.8
140.1
96.7

796.5
510.9
49.8
137.6
67.2

829.7
530.5
49.2
139.4
79.5

_
-

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,688.7
2,396.0
116.4
176.3

2,702.0
2,409.9
115.4
176.7

2.674.1
2,380.5
112.8
180.8

2,668.7
2,376.0
114.2
178.5

2,679.2
2,381.7
-

2,499.8
2,250.4
99.2
150.2

2,506.0
2,256.8
98.2
151.0

2,498.0
2,241.1
97.5
159.4

2,492.8
2,236.9
99.4
156.5

_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,443.6
3,034.8
46.5
12.2
205.5

3,447.2
3,031.3
46.8
13.1
206.2

3,450.8
3,042.3
43.0
14.4
202.3

3,432.4
3,024.1
43.5
14.8
201.9

3,454.6
-

3,115.4
2,767.8
177.8

3,118.0
2,764.2
179.1

3,117.6
2,768.1
175.5

3,098.4
2,749.5
174.9

_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,370.0
1,066.7

2,388.9
1,072.5

2,412.4
1,097.9

2,432.2
1,104.5

2.447.4
1,108.1

1,966.3
895.3

1,984.1
899.7

2,005.3
921.8

2,025.2
927.7

_

See footnotes at end of table.




74

—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

553
554
559

400.6
690.3
10.0

404.5
695.2
10.0

394.6
701.0
9.7

397.3
704.8
9.7

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,129.8
78.5
267.8
378.6
214.9

1,135.0
78.3
270.2
379.2
215.8

1,154.3
78.5
266.4
391.4
217.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,060.6
535.4
315.5
68.0
457.2
193.5
88.4

1,069.3
539.4
317.6
67.9
462.0
195.3
91.2

Eating and drinking places

58

7,663.1

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

-

305.4
595.5
8.2

309.8
600.1
8.2

314.6
594.0
8.0

318.1
597.8
7.9

_
-

1,158.6
77.1
267.3
395.3
219.3

1,170.6
_
-

943.8
63.1
221.1
336.0
169.3

949.4
63.2
223.2
336.1
171.4

953.5
62.9
217.8
340.2
170.7

955.2
61.8
217.7
342.8
172.2

_
_
-

1,103.0
557.6
329.2
67.5
477.9
206.2
93.8

1,105.3
560.3
330.6
67.8
477.2
207.4
93.5

1,107.0
_
_
_
-

872.5
435.3
_
55.2
382.0
160.9
74.2

880.7
439.6
_
55.0
386.1
162.0
77.0

913.6
455.2
_
55.2
403.2
172.6
80.4

915.2
457.7
_
55.2
402.3
173.4
80.9

_
_
_
_
-

7,852.6

7,720.4

7,850.0

8,028.2

6,878.3

7,047.5

6,927.4

7,052.4

-

59
2,868.3
591
665.8
592
108.5
122.8
593
594
1,005.0
5941
186.4
5942
137.2
5943
95.6
5944
146.0
5947
229.2
5949
48.1
596
332.2
5961
215.3
66.7
5962
98.6
598
535.4
599
5992,3,4
152.1
70.6
5995
312.7
5999

2,887.9
665.9
109.6
123.8
1,006.5
188.7
135.8
95.9
145.3
233.1
46.8
332.2
214.6
67.4
96.8
553.1
159.4
72.0
321.7

2,990.3
686.2
110.0
130.4
1,041.2
193.0
143.5
98.4
160.9
232.1
43.2
343.0
226.5
68.2
101.6
577.9
178.9
73.0
326.0

2,955.5
682.9
108.9
132.1
1,025.2
194.3
138.9
98.4
156.4
229.5
42.4
341.6
224.2
68.2
99.1
565.7
161.9
73.8
330.0

2,967.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

2,389.0
561.2
_
101.9
840.2
_
_
_
_
_
280.1
_
81.6
436.3
55.3
253.3

2,410.2
563.5
_
103.0
840.6
_
_
_
_
280.7
_
80.2
453.4
56.4
262.3

2,514.9
595.9
_
108.7
874.2
_
_
_
_
_
290.8
_
83.6
472.5
56.5
261.7

2,474.9
591.4
111.1
856.5
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

7,547

7,583

7,633

7,640

7,664

5,528

5,557

5,560

5,564

3,681

3.688

3,719

3,717

3,721

2,045.1
1,463.5
589.8
873.7
257.6
150.5
107.1
183.6

2,043.4
1,462.3
591.9
870.4
257.2
150.0
107.2
184.2

2,031.7
1,452.4
591.8
860.6
248.4
144.4
104.0
190.1

2,030.0
1,451.4
592.0
859.4
246.9
143.3
103.6
190.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

_
_
_
-

-

-

-

2,029.6
1,449.3
_
247.2
_
-

1,469.2
1,034.9
424.1
610.8
_
_
146.4

1,467.7
1,035.9
425.4
610.5
_
_
146.4

1,463.5
1,032.6
424.9
607.7
_
_
150.9

1,461.6
1,030.9
424.4
606.5
_
_
151.8

_
_
_
_
-

489.4
106.3
_
-

489.0
106.0
_
-

463.9
104.1
_
-

459.5
104.3
_
-

_
_
-

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

711.9
190.0
130.7
367.8

715.3
191.1
130.8
370.1

705.3
198.9
134.8
348.6

700.6
199.1
135.1
343.4

698.8
_
342.3

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

661.0
492.6

665.4
495.9

708.0
527.6

712.7
530.2

719.4
-

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

262.5
113.4

25.8
143.7
264.2
114.1

See footnotes at end of table.




75

25.4
155.0
274.2
119.3

25.9
156.6
273.8
119.9

5,578

-

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

26.1
142.3

288.4
_
81.5
457.9
57.3
263.3

Apr.
2000P

-

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

622,3
628

Mar.
2000P

_
273.6
-

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

_
96.7

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

97.3

104.1

_

104.8

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

63,64

2,388

2,392

2,405

2,406

2,407

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,627.5
540.2
365.8
298.0
549.5
94.6

1,629.1
541.2
366.5
298.6
550.0
94.1

1,630.2
544.9
368.8
302.1
558.5
80.7

1,629.5
543.3
368.9
301.6
558.7
80.0

1,629.2
_
_

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

760.0

762.6

774.8

776.2

777.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

-

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

_

_

_

_

_

1,242.6
363.0
292.4
241.9
444.2
-

1,244.8
364.3
293.2
242.2
445.0
-

1,250.4
374.7
295.9
244.5
452.1
-

1,250.9
374.8
296.3
244.2
452.4
-

_
_
_
-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

Services

1,478
575.8
741.2
119.9

1,503
579.9
752.4
129.3

1,509
571.1
779.5
121.5

1,517
574.5
781.0
124.9

1,536
_
_
-

_
_
-

38,297

65
651
653
655

_
_
_
-

38,753

39,324

39,701

40,119

33,342

33,735

34,190

34,544

34,934

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

663.5
196.6
413.8

760.2
197.8
509.2

663.5
203.8
407.8

711.2
2063
452.3

807.2
-

554.5
165.7
344.8

643.4
166.9
432.4

545.6
171.6
331.8

590.4
174.0
373.8

_
--

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,715.4
1,668.3

1,744.0
1,692.9

1,712.6
1,667.4

1,745.4
1,698.4

1,788.6
-

_
1,462.1

_
1,481.5

_
1,457.0

_
1,486.2

_
-

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,260.1
429.2
45.6
417.9
98.8
254.4

1,266.8
431.5
49.0
418.5
99.2
254.6

1,298.5
432.5
46.5
426.4
99.3
279.7

1,295.3
434.5
46.1
428.2
99.7
272.8

1,300.0
_
_
-

376.5
368.2
_
224.6

379.6
368.2
_
225.3

_
379.7
376.9
_
244.3

_
380.1
379.1
_
236.8

_
_
-

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

8,829.5
277.0
181.8
147.5
321.3
83.8
966.7
89.1
877.6
255.2
39.2
49.1
166.9
3,235.5
371.5
2,864.0
1,738.5
398.8
280.7
192.9
274.4
111.4
62.5
1,887.8
604.3
63.3
75.3

8,923.1
278.5
183.3
148.8
324.3
84.5
977.3
91.7
885.6
263.0
39.5
50.5
173.0
3,289.2
376.7
2,912.5
1,750.8
400.6
284.2
194.6
277.1
112.4
62.3
1,891.2
607.1
63.0
76.5

9,227.2
289.3
191.2
155.7
328.6
84.0
989.9
90.0
899.9
263.8
39.8
50.2
173.8
3,357.0
395.6
2,961.4
1,859.9
418.3
320.7
201.4
283.8
125.4
58.6
1,983.0
637.0
61.9
78.1

9,344.4
290.0
191.8
156.7
329.7
85.9
1,000.6
90.9
909.7
269.9
40.4
51.1
178.4
3,445.3
402.7
3,042.6
1,870.4
420.0
326.7
200.7
285.8
126.9
57.8
1,981.8
634.5
61.7
79.0

9,424.6
1,001.5
_
-

7,796.0
197.4
69.4
858.6
71.4
787.2
201.5
30.3
41.2
130.0
2,767.0
1,399.6
340.6
141.1
84.1
45.3
1,643.1
556.0
51.9
-

7,873.9
198.4
69.8
868.5
74.2
794.3
210.2
30.9
42.6
136.7
2,811.7
1,405.4
341.3
141.3
85.2
44.8
1,642.6
558.0
51.6
-

8,139.2
207.7
69.8
881.7
71.7
810.0
209.9
32.5
41.9
135.5
2,850.5
1,491.0
352.5
147.5
95.3
45.7
1,731.7
589.1
52.4
-

8,251.9
207.9
71.7
892.6
72.6
820.0
216.3
33.1
43.0
140.2
2,930.2
1,501.8
355.1
148.5
98.0
44.7
1,727.9
586.9
52.5
-

_
-

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,173.8
204.3
134.4
72.3
652.8
230.8
275.9

1,177.5
205.4
135.6
72.9
656.7
232.0
276.9

1,196.6
210.3
138.0
74.5
670.5
236.9
287.3

1,194.8
208.7
139.0
74.1
671.5
238.1
286.5

1,196.9
_
_
_
-

950.8
166.3
109.9
63.2
511.8
187.4
209.2

953.5
166.9
110.9
64.2
515.1
188.2
210.2

982.6
170.6
112.9
65.6
537.6
192.9
229.2

982.4
169.4
114.2
65.4
539.7
194.4
229.1

See footnotes at end of table.




76

3,519.2
3,107.6
1,876.5
_
_
-

_

_

_
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
2000P

Feb.
2000

209.5
119.1

207.3
118.8

208.8
125.5

207.9
125.4

-

406.3
-

318.4
-

325.2
-

328.6
-

331.0
-

-

608.3
271.4
137.9
178.5

612.1
-

489.9
217.1
134.9

492.3
220.9
135.3

517.0
236.7
142.8

514.4
232.4
144.9

_
-

1,603.8
88.0
1,185.2
201.3
303.3

1,744.0
_
_
-

1,305.1
78.7
957.5
166.4
240.1

1,433.6
76.6
1,058.0
166.8
288.6

1,328.2
77.5
972.0
177.5
239.4

1,383.5
78.2
1,026.0
180.8
259.6

_
_
_

_
_
_
_

Feb.
2000

754
7542

244.4
134.3

242.5
134.5

241.3
140.7

240.5
141.1

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

389.6
116.0

396.0
117.4

401.2
120.4

403.6
120.9

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

582.0
256.0
138.6
167.5

584.9
259.0
138.1
168.4

610.8
275.7
137.7
176.6

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,514.9
88.0
1,110.1
187.1
281.9

1,648.8
86.1
1,212.0
188.3
331.8

1,547.1
87.2
1,130.0
198.9
282.5

9,918.8
1,845.7
660.0
449.7
165.7
1,750.2
1,340.0
201.4
208.8
3,957.9
3,650.2
82.0
225.7
200.9
652.0

9,937.7 10031.2 10055.7 10063.8
1,852.4 1,892.0 1,902.1 1,907.1
_
674.4
663.0
670.8
455.7
451.0
456.3
167.3
167.5
166.0
1,748.5 1,755.3 1,758.9 1,757.8
_
1,337.9 1,342.1 1,344.5
_
201.9
202.5
202.6
_
210.7
208.7
211.8
3,959.8 3,983.0 3,986.1 3,982.8
3,651.1 3,667.1 3,668.1
84.2
81.9
85.1
231.7
226.8
232.9
200.8
204.5
206.0
652.4
653.4
655.9
652.5

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

Legal services

81

989.5

992.4

1,008.1

Apr.
2000P

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1999

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Mar.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000P

1,008.7

-

1,005.0

_

-

8,786.0
1,518.9
576.9
375.1
1,572.2
_
180.4
_
3,627.2
_
600.3

8,800.6
1,523.7
578.9
376.1
1,569.7
_
180.5
_
3,630.2
_
603.4

8,893.0
1,562.9
587.9
381.2
1,575.2
_
180.0
_
3,654.0
_
_
599.5

8,913.9
1,572.2
589.9
382.0
1,579.4
_
180.2
_
3,654.6
_
_
599.6

_
_
-

790.8

793.0

804.1

804.5

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,385.8
697.0
1,395.1
92.4

2,398.1
693.8
1,406?
94.0

2,434.7
727.7
1,389.6
101.7

2,468.7
732.8
1,415.9
101.9

2,481.3
_
-

_
_
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,752.4
743.8
375.6
642.2
768.5
222.3

2,771.2
748.1
380.9
646.4
772.1
223.7

2,872.1
774.7
392.8
667.7
803.9
233.0

2,899.4
782.5
395.6
677.3
808.8
235.2

2,913.3
_
677.4
814.9
-

2,381.5
646.3
324.6
565.7
665.5
179.4

2,397.2
650.2
329.7
569.1
667.8
180.4

2,476.6
670.9
336.5
586.4
695.1
187.7

2,500.7
677.3
339.3
595.9
698.6
189.6

_
_
_
-

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

88.9

92.8

87.3

90.9

96.0

-

-

-

-

-

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,378.7
110.0
64.1
151.4
454.0

2,380.3
110.6
65.6
146.0
456.2

2,398.0
111.6
67.8
144.9
465.7

2,409.3
112.7
68.1
149.4
469.5

2,408.1
_
_
-

_
_
46.6
_
-

_
_
47.7
_
-

_
_
49.4
_
-

_
_
49.5
_
-

_
_
_
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,361.5
923.3
697.3
165.8
60.2
682.5

3,386.1
929.8
701.7
166.8
61.3
682.7

3,537.5
962.6
728.4
171.3
62.9
705.1

3,565.1
966.9
732.3
171.8
62.8
711.7

3,573.0
973.9
_
-

2,535.8
755.0
576.8
129.5
48.7
478.1

2,541.3
758.1
577.8
130.7
49.6
475.1

2,659.1
787.5
602.7
134.7
50.1
502.9

2,681.0
790.6
606.0
134.7
49.9
509.6

See footnotes at end of table.




77

_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

638.0
239.4
148.6
149.9

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

660.1
248.4

667.6
250.1

154.1
154.3

158.2
155.5

1,209.7
402.8

449.3

1,218.9
406.0
453.4

51.3

Apr.
2000P

51.7

417.0
46.5

641.1
240.1
148.5
151.3
1,132.5
374.0
419.6
47.1

54.7

55.7

59.6

59.2

60.8

20,482

20,468

20,688

20,944

2,681

2,688

2,808

2,635.3
645.2
872.3
1,117.8
30.2
31.3

2,619.0
643.3
870.6
1,105.1
30.2

1,824.5

1,810.0

1,827.3

3731

47.9
21.1

47.7
21.1

45.8
20.3

806

13.4
344.1
220.2

13.4
338.2
216.4

4,809

484.9
147.0
132.6
121.3
895.9
300.3
326.2
33.8

43.3

44.1

46.4

45.7

13.4
339.5
216.5

4,800
87.1
52.0

478.1
145.9
127.9
120.5
890.6
297.9
325.1
33.6

45.9
20.4

13.3
340.7
220.1

475.9
152.1
122.8
118.7
832.2
275.5
305.5
30.8

Apr.
2000P

1,140.7
29.9
31.4

Federal Government, except Postal Service

477.9
156.2
123.0
117.7
824.8
273.2
303.9
30.5

Mar.
2000P

2,627.1
625.3
861.1

31.4

Feb.
2000

2,881

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

Apr.
1999

21,026

2,697

Mar.
1999

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

89

Services, nee
Government
Federal Government

4

4

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

1,117.7

369.0

211.5
161.8

806
82

87.1
52.5
2,806.7
346.7
2,085.5
212.1
162.4

2,809.1
349.7
2,086.1

1,947.8 2,021.8

4,822
4,859
86.7
86.8
52.9
52.9
2,799.0 2,829.2
344.1
345.3
2,078.9 2,110.0
211.5

2,111.7

211.5

163.3

4,869

163.6

1,852.2 1,862.7 1,882.9 1,890.4
2,714.3 2,723.5 2,742.7 2,749.2 2,757.7

806
82

12,985
452.2
8,765.2
642.9
7,592.4
140.4

389.5

12,978 13,178 13,277 13,276
464.1
461.9
454.3
8,737.3 8,892.5 8,966.7
652.9
651.1
643.2
7,555.8 7,695.7 7,762.1 7,743.3
140.4
140.7
141.3
397.0

405.3

411.0

3,767.3 3,786.1 3,823.1 3,846.2
5,392.3 5,421.9 5,481.8 5,514.9 5,533.0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




1,224.0

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

78

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Jan.
1999

Feb.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000

60,997

61,484

63,716

62,425

62,796

49,756

49,979

51,958

50,884

51,022

6,616

6,599

6,622

6,568

6,568

81

81

74

72

72

664

667

710

701

703

5,871

5,851

5,838

5,795

5,793

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

2,930
145.3
169.3
103.2
102.5
338.4
467.5
679.7
407.8
351.6
165.1

2,924
145.2
169.5
102.7
102.0
337.2
467.5
676.2
405.2
351.7
166.3

2,937
151.0
175.4
102.7
100.8
340.5
468.8
679.7
402.3
346.3
169.6

2,927
150.3
174.7
102.1
100.1
339.3
468.7
677.5
401.6
345.3
167.3

2,928
150.3
174.6
102.1
99.9
338.7
468.4
677.7
402.8
345.9
167.2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,941
543.2
13.9
266.8
514.4
160.1
699.0
332.0
23.8
347.6
40.6

2,927
536.8
13.4
265.4
509.8
159.9
697.9
333.3
24.0
346.5
40.2

2,901
553.3
13.9
254.5
469.9
160.9
700.4
335.8
23.4
350.8
37.7

2,868
540.0
13.1
252.9
461.3
160.5
696.4
333.4
23.6
349.7
37.4

2,865
536.1
12.8
253.3
463.1
160.3
696.3
333.3
23.9
349.9
36.4

54,381

54,885

57,094

55,857

56,228

Transportation and public utilities

2,024

2,042

2,144

2,123

2,128

Wholesale trade

2,108

2,114

2,195

2,180

2,190

11,679

11,613

12,498

11,855

11,735

4,718

4,728

4,793

4,773

4,780

Services

22,611

22,883

23,706

23,385

23,621

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,241
1,131
2,360
7,750

11,505
1,141
2,456
7,908

11,758
1,147
2,496
8,115

11,541
1,135
2,406
8,000

11,774
1,157
2,502
8,115

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

1,910.7
476.6
178.4
228.1
164.0
82.9

1,937.3
487.2
182.3
227.6
168.6
83.9

1,948.4
489.2
183.6
229.4
169.5
84.3

Alaska
Anchorage .

266.0
126.6

265.5
128.5

2,143.7
1,512.5
332.8

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

•..

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

March
1999

February
2000

10.3
2.5

March
2000P

9.4
2.1

9.3
2.1
(

!

March
1999

(

2.8

104.8
29.8
6.6
18.6
8.7
5.8

107.1
30.5
6.8
19.2
8.8
5.9

3.2

2.8

269.2
129.8

10.0
2.9

9.4
2.6

9.5
2.7

11.0
5.9

11.0
6.0

11.5
6.1

2,227.8
1,568.5
351.0

2,243.8
1,578.8
353.6

12.5
5.2
2.0

9.9
2.8
1.8

9.9
2.8
1.8

148.9
109.7
20.5

156.6
114.3
22.3

155.6
113.7
22.1

1,131.9
144.2
98.5
311.9
36.3

1,148.9
149.8
101.3
314.1
36.4

1,159.0
151.6
101.6
314.9
36.4

3.1

3.1

.7

.7

46.8
5.6
3.8

49.9
5.9
4.0

51.4
6.1
4.1

15.4
.9

15.2
.9

15.2
.9

13,819.6
187.2
280.3

14,143.3
190.2
288.5
4,043.7

14,226.1
191.5

639.4
9.7

683.3
9.6
15.6

687.7

3,980.6
137.3
994.6
1,331.6
918.9
676.1
123.5
1,137.8
1,032.2
961.9
156.8
176.7
173.6
160.9
257.6

289.8
4,062.9

141.1

142.2

1,013.8
1,365.4

1.018.0
1,370.5

962.8
696.4

967.0
700.6

128.5
1,163.9
1,051.9
974.8
159.9
181.1
177.4
166.1
268.2

129.1
1,168.9
1,055.5
981.0
160.8
182.3

179.0
167.7
269.3

3.1
)

(M
(!)

(M
23.8
8.2
.3
4.4
2
)
2.5
.7
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.9
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.2
8.1
.4
4.2
2
)
2.4
.6
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.2
8.3
.4
4.4
2
)
2.4
.6
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5

13.5

12.8

12.7

1.1

55.6
6.0
3.8
18.9
9.1
4.7
5.7
3.1

56.4
5.9
3.8

58.1
6.0
3.9

20.2
8.7
4.7
6.1
3.2

20.6
9.2
4.8
6.4
3.2

.1
.1
.2

22.9
2.4
16.8

22.5
2.3
16.2

23.5
2.4
16.8

.1
1.2

8.6
131.8

137.9

9.2
140.3

6.2

363.2
8.3
36.4
15.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,651.7
184.9
88.2
611.2
257.0
138.1
205.3
85.8

1,663.8
185.6
88.5
609.0
256.3
138.8
208.3
86.4

1.675.7
186.4
89.3
613.6
258.3
140.3
209.1
86.6

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark .

404.4
54.4
316.3

410.7
55.3
320.4

416.0
56.3
324.4

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

District of Columbia .
Washington PMSA .,

613.0
2,587.0

617.1
2,648.2

618.4
2,668.4

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,863.8
157.2
660.1
164.9
118.1
535.6
179.9
183.6
989.3
869.3
155.9
264.0
156.8
1,152.7
475.5

7.088.3
160.9
675.4
168.7
120.8
547.5
184.3
190.1
1.005.4
912.4
159.6
276.0
160.3
1,196.2
492.0

7.147.4
162.0
677.9
170.0
121.4
551.2
185.7
191.2
1,011.7
918.6
161.5
279.4
161.5
1,207.6
494.7

6.2

6.2

.2

.2

.2

2.6

2.6

2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

80

!
5.6
.7
(
{
(
(
(

>
>
>
>
>

(M
2

•i

)

.3

.3

6.3
68.2
43.6
45.9
7.5
11.8
9.7
12.4
14.6
158.4
8.1
14.5
85.9

2.187.3
173.1
237.1
1,159.2

)
)
)
)
)

9.2
11.1
13.6

9.5
60.6
76.6
73.9
42.2

14.4
84.4

2,175.3
173.1
235.9
1,152.9

2

5.9
63.5
39.1
43.1
7.4
10.6

125.9
9.4
60.4
76.1
74.1
42.1
6.2
67.7
43.3
45.3
7.6
11.8
9.6
12.1
14.4

9.6
15.7
127.4

155.8
8.1

2,099.4
168.1
229.2
1,115.5

!

15.1
121.5
8.7
56.8
69.8
65.3
39.6

136.4
7.5
12.9
73.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver




March
2000P

102.6
28.8
6.5
18.3
8.5
5.6

)
>

(M

February
2000

.3

4.5
29.0
10.0
9.9
34.6
47.8
11.1
14.2
6.4
55.5
27.1

372.8
8.1
37.3
15.5
4.8
28.9
9.8
10.8
36.0
50.0
10.8
14.9
6.6
55.8
27.8

376.6
8.2
37.4
15.7
4.8
29.2

10.0
10.9
36.3
50.5
10.8

15.0
6.5
56.1
28.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

369.4
50.9
35.6
26.8
18.2
12.9

365.6
51.1
34.8
25.8
19.1
13.2

366.5
51.1
34.9
26.0
19.1
13.2

92.9
30.7
4.4
12.9
7.1
2.5

96.2
31.7
4.6
13.3
7.6
2.5

96.0
31.6
4.6
13.2
7.6
2.5

439.9
116.2
36.3
59.4
37.7
18.7

447.6
119.9
36.5
59.6
38.4
19.3

451.2
120.3
37.6
60.1
38.9
19.7

14.2
2.0

12.0
2.0

12.2
2.1

24.0
12.9

24.8
13.8

25.1
14.0

53.4
30.3

53.3
30.1

54.1
30.5

209.8
164.7
28.8

212.9
164.3
32.7

213.2
164.2
33.2

101.2
77.1
11.8

106.0
81.6
12.2

106.8
82.1
12.3

505.5
360.5
70.0

522.7
373.6
73.4

525.1
375.3
73.8

250.8
33.8
27.9
33.0
8.4

254.1
35.2
28.5
32.8
8.5

253.6
35.7
28.5
33.1
8.4

67.8
10.1
6.3
21.0
1.8

69.4
10.6
6.7
21.9
1.8

69.7
10.6
6.7
21.9
1.8

258.3
41.6
19.8
71.4
7.2

261.4
42.4
20.3
71.4
7.1

265.4
43.0
20.5
71.7
7.2

1,913.0
9.9
29.3
648.8
24.2
116.9
230.1
115.7
47.0
9.7
127.8
75.1
250.0
16.9
28.8
22.1
19.1
37.9

1,905.8
10.2
29.1
634.8
23.3
117.8
230.4
121.7
47.9
10.4
129.8
74.5
244.6
15.5
30.0
22.2
20.6
39.4

1,910.6
10.2
29.0
636.5
23.6
117.9
231.3
121.9
48.1
10.3
130.3
74.9
244.5
15.4
30.3
22.3
20.8
39.5

703.9
11.0
13.1
229.7
5.2
63.1
47.8
47.4
27.5
5.3
50.6
80.7
27.9
4.9
6.1
12.3
5.7
11.2

729.4
11.1
13.5
239.5
5.6
66.2
49.1
50.1
27.7
5.4
52.7
81.9
28.7
4.8
6.7
12.6
6.0
12.1

731.6
11.1
13.6
240.0
5.6
66.2
49.2
50.5
27.7
5.5
52.8
82.3
28.9
4.8
6.7
12.6
6.2
12.1

3,133.9
43.4
67.2
873.4
35.0
225.6
326.3
227.0
140.7
31.9
250.3
212.5
187.2
37.4
41.7
41.0
39.9
60.3

3,204.1
44.4
68.1
887.4
35.9
228.6
332.9
234.6
144.8
33.0
257.1
220.6
191.5
39.6
42.6
42.0
41.5
62.7

3,210.8
44.7
68.3
890.4
36.1
228.8
333.4
234.7
145.1
33.2
257.8
220.3
192.1
39.9
42.7
42.4
41.6
62.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

203.1
32.9
27.5
90.3

203.3
32.5
28.5
89.5

203.1
32.4
28.7
89.4

138.3
4.5
13.4
97.2

141.3
5.4
13.5
101.3

141.3
5.3
13.4
101.6

496.3
34.6
49.9
262.4

513.1
35.4
51.5
268.3

515.7
35.4
51.4
269.2

Connecticut

271.4
38.3
19.5
92.8
40.3
24.0
25.7
18.0

265.8
37.4
19.0
89.7
40.0
23.7
25.2
18.2

266.1
37.2
19.1
89.7
40.3
23.7
25.2
18.2

77.6
7.4
2.9
27.0
16.6
7.1
10.4
3.9

78.8
7.3
2.8
27.0
16.4
7.2
10.3
4.1

79.0
7.3
2.8
27.1
16.4
7.2
10.3
4.1

352.8
41.1
20.9
122.4
53.4
27.0
44.0
17.9

354.0
41.3
20.6
121.0
52.9
27.0
43.8
18.1

356.0
41.5
20.7
121.9
53.5
27.5
44.0
18.2

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

60.0
6.2
45.6

59.5
6.2
44.8

59.5
6.2
44.8

16.6
2.0
14.4

17.7
2.0
14.7

17.7
2.0
14.7

86.2
12.1
64.2

88.5
12.9
65.0

89.4
13.0
65.6

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

11.9
98.1

12.0
98.9

11.9
99.0

17.7
123.2

17.9
129.1

17.9
130.0

46.3
470.0

47.2
473.8

47.6
478.1

491.2
12.0
37.8
7.0
5.6
39.1
20.9
26.4
71.1
53.9
10.1
21.7
4.8
89.0
33.7

488.0
12.5
36.4
7.1
5.4
39.4
20.5
25.6
69.3
53.5
9.4
22.1
4.6
89.7
34.1

489.0
12.6
36.3
7.2
5.5
39.1
20.5
25.6
69.6
53.1
9.5
22.1
4.6
90.1
34.1

348.4
5.5
32.5
7.9
2.3
37.6
9.1
5.5
88.2
43.8
7.3
5.6
3.9
53.2
16.0

356.3
6.0
33.6
8.1
2.5
37.6
9.3
6.2
88.9
45.7
7.9
5.3
3.7
54.3
16.4

357.5
6.0
33.9
8.2
2.5
37.7
9.4
6.3
89.4
45.5
7.7
5.3
3.7
54.7
16.4

1,724.2
43.6
184.7
46.9
24.0
130.6
50.5
45.0
258.1
212.2
38.5
60.8
30.8
263.9
121.2

1,749.9
43.5
186.5
47.5
24.5
130.6
52.9
46.9
260.8
222.7
39.1
63.4
31.8
266.2
124.1

1,767.8
44.1
187.4
47.7
24.3
132.1
52.9
47.3
262.7
224.1
40.0
63.9
31.8
268.4
125.5

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa

Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

90.6
37.3
5.0
10.2
10.5
2.5

93.2
39.2
5.1
10.5
10.8
2.6

93.3
39.4
5.1
10.5
10.8
2.6

450.0
141.6
49.9
64.6
44.6
14.6

462.4
143.7
54.2
64.0
46.1
15.2

463.7
144.1
54.1
64.2
46.3
15.0

355.0
68.6
40.7
35.9
37.4
22.9

358.2
69.7
40.5
35.8
37.9
22.5

361.2
70.1
40.5
36.2
38.0
22.6

Alaska
Anchorage

12.4
7.6

12.4
7.6

12.6
7.6

66.4
36.1

68.1
37.6

68.9
37.8

74.6
28.9

74.5
28.8

75.3
29.0

136.7
116.4
12.7

144.4
122.9
13.5

144.7
123.2
13.7

666.7
485.6
111.3

707.6
515.0
117.5

715.9
522.1
118.1

362.4
193.3
75.7

367.7
194.0
77.6

372.6
195.4
78.6

45.3
5.3
3.1
18.1
1.2

46.5
5.5
3.2
18.3
1.2

46.9
5.5
3.2
18.3
1.2

267.2
28.4
26.5
91.9
8.6

271.8
30.2
27.3
93.4
8.8

275.2
30.6
27.3
93.4
8.8

190.6
19.4
10.4
61.1
8.2

192.7
20.0
10.6
61.1
8.1

193.7
20.1
10.6
61.3
8.1

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

819.2
7.4
14.0
232.6
4.5
57.2
103.8
31.8
50.3
6.3
68.6
108.1
32.5
7.4
10.2
8.4
6.4
14.8

827.8
7.2
14.4
236.1
4.5
55.7
106.3
32.4
51.1
6.6
68.4
107.2
33.0
7.7
10.2
8.6
6.7
14.8

829.5
7.2
14.5
237.2
4.5
55.8
106.2
32.4
51.3
6.6
68.6
107.1
33.1
7.7
10.1
8.7
6.7
14.8

4,327.6
46.8
72.0
1,308.0
35.7
298.1
409.4
245.9
190.6
34.5
373.7
389.4
328.9
48.7
51.3
44.6
44.7
74.5

4,468.2
48.2
75.7
1,334.2
36.9
307.1
422.1
260.5
200.9
36.3
382.2
394.5
338.6
50.8
51.2
45.7
44.6
78.6

4,499.4
48.1
76.2
1,337.9
37.1
308.5
424.9
262.2
202.0
36.2
383.5
396.0
342.8
51.1
51.8
46.3
45.2
79.1

2,258.8
50.8
69.3
562.2
24.0
174.4
143.7
184.8
180.2
29.8
203.0
126.8
92.2
33.2
27.6
35.9
33.5
44.2

2,301.5
51.4
71.7
581.6
25.5
175.6
147.9
188.4
181.7
30.5
205.7
129.5
93.0
33.1
28.2
36.6
34.1
45.1

2,333.3
52.3
72.1
589.1
25.8
177.8
148.3
190.4
184.0
30.9
207.4
130.9
93.6
33.6
28.5
36.9
34.3
45.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

140.5
6.7
13.6
91.5

142.6
6.8
14.0
92.5

142.6
6.7
14.1
92.6

639.7
54.8
74.9
343.6

668.9
57.5
76.7
357.1

670.0
57.6
77.5
359.5

331.6
27.1
37.0
150.6

337.5
27.4
37.3
154.2

343.5
27.6
37.5
155.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

139.4
11.3
5.2
72.6
13.0
3.7
26.2
3.6

140.5
11.7
5.6
73.3
12.5
3.8
27.7
4.0

140.8
11.7
5.7
73.5
12.6
3.8
27.7
3.9

515.3
59.4
24.6
178.5
91.6
34.9
75.0
26.1

525.2
60.2
25.5
180.3
92.9
35.4
77.0
25.7

529.1
60.7
25.7
181.6
92.9
35.6
77.2
25.8

238.9
21.4
11.3
99.0
33.0
36.7
18.3
13.2

242.4
21.8
11.2
97.5
32.9
37.0
18.2
13.1

245.9
22.0
11.4
99.2
33.4
37.7
18.3
13.2

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

48.7
2.2
42.7

50.4
2.0
44.5

50.6
2.0
44.6

114.1
13.5
92.1

116.2
14.6
94.5

117.2
14.7
95.3

55.8
16.0
40.3

55.8
15.3
40.5

58.0
16.0
42.4

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

32.0
145.8

31.5
146.1

31.5
147.1

275.6
1,026.0

279.2
1,069.8

279.8
1,079.0

220.8
590.9

220.1
591.4

220.4
593.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

447.6
6.9
49.4
9.6
5.3
57.0
8.5
6.4
67.0
56.3
5.9
11.9
6.6
84.4
33.8

457.3
6.8
50.3
9.9
5.3
57.1
8.6
6.3
68.8
59.5
6.3
11.9
6.9
86.3
34.2

459.3
6.8
50.4
9.9
5.3
57.0
8.6
6.4
68.9
59.9
6.3
12.0
6.9
86.5
34.1

2,501.2
56.9
233.8
51.9
36.8
174.8
51.5
65.6
330.4
364.3
53.5
125.1
43.4
469.5
187.4

2,660.7
59.7
243.9
53.4
37.7
186.4
53.8
68.6
340.1
387.1
56.6
134.2
45.2
503.4
198.9

2,687.3
60.0
244.6
53.9
38.1
188.5
54.4
68.9
342.0
391.4
57.5
136.6
45.8
510.4
200.1

981.8
24.0
85.3
26.3
39.6
67.1
26.8
24.8
139.6
90.5
29.3
24.5
60.6
136.8
56.3

997.1
24.3
87.2
27.0
40.6
67.1
26.8
25.7
141.2
93.4
29.3
24.1
61.2
140.1
56.5

1,003.7
24.3
87.7
27.2
40.9
67.2
27.3
25.8
142.5
93.6
29.5
24.4
61.9
141.0
56.4

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

See footnotes at end of table.




82

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

February
2000

March
1999

March
2000P

3,822.1
58.7
73.6
2,099.9
197.1
120.2
149.8
135.1

3.943.7
59.1
74.4
2,186.1
203.2
122.9
153.0
136.9

3,983.5
59.4
76.3
2,209.3
204.3
123.9
154.1
137.7

1

( )

1

( )

Hawaii
Honolulu

532.8
399.8

539.1
402.8

543.5
405.8

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

Idaho
Boise City

523.3
205.9

541.6
214.4

547.8
215.8

(1)

(1)

(1)

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

5,873.5
87.4
101.0
4,122.8
181.2
59.1
42.7
172.5
177.3
112.7

5,883.9
89.7
102.0
4,134.8
181.3
58.4
42.6
172.9
177.6
112.7

5.937.9
89.9
103.6
4,161.2
184.3
59.1
43.0
172.8
178.8
113.2

10.4
(1)
1
( )
1.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

10.4
(1)
1
( )
1.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
<1)
(1)
(1)

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,929.3
65.6
122.6
156.8
272.0
265.6
854.4
51.7
95.7
59.1
135.7
67.9

2,952.2
67.4
125.8
159.7
271.5
266.1
870.1
53.5
98.2
59.8
134.7
68.3

2,970.8
67.3
127.1
160.3
273.6
268.1
874.5
53.5
98.2
60.1
135.9
68.6

(M
(2)

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,445.4
120.0
282.2
51.6
70.6
65.7
71.8

1,451.7
121.3
280.9
51.7
71.2
66.3
72.7

1,467.5
121.9
283.2
51.7
72.6
66.7
73.2

(M
(1)
1
(1 )
(1)
()
(M

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,318.7
49.1
100.8
285.1

1,329.4
48.6
99.2
283.8

1,339.7
49.3
100.0
285.0

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,764.2
281.8
568.8
43.9

1,795.2
284.4
581.1
44.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,890.4
56.8
295.6
76.0
161.6
87.9
70.7
622.8
172.8
565.7
43.1
143.0

March
1999

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

1.8
.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.4

30.2
14.0

33.0
14.8

34.5
15.4

10.6
(1)
1
( )
1.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

223.7
2.9
3.2
155.7
7.8
3.7
1.9
7.1
6.2
4.3

222.4
2.9
3.2
158.3
8.0
3.4
1.8
7.1
6.5
4.4

232.3
3.2
3.5
161.8
8.8
3.7
2.0
7.3
6.8
4.4

5.9

136.8
2.6
4.4
10.6
12.7
16.6
44.1
1.8
3.5
2.2
6.9
3.0

133.6
2.9
5.0
9.8
11.8
14.7
47.0
1.7
3.5
2.4
6.4
3.0

138.4
3.0
5.1
10.1
12.3
15.5
48.3
1.8
3.5
2.4
6.7
3.1

2.0

55.7
5.7
12.2
1.6
2.3
2.6
2.4

55.2
5.7
11.7
1.5
2.1
2.7
2.3

58.1
5.7
12.3
1.5
2.2
2.8
2.4

6.4

1.0

60.5
2.1
4.6
14.4

63.2
2.1
4.3
14.6

64.9
2.1
4.4
14.9

5.8
(1)

(1)
(1)
1.1

1.0
(1)
(1)

(M

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

1.9

1.9
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(M
(1)
(M
(M
6.4

1.0

(1)
(1)
.8

.8

6.4
(1)

<;>
(1)

(!)
(1)

23.5
16.7

1.0

2.4

6.6

(1)
(1)
(1)

22.6
15.7

( )
1.0

2.5

(1)
(1)

20.9
15.8

1.9
.3
1

( )

(1)
(1)

200.0
3.8
3.1
116.4
13.2
5.6
7.3
7.7

1.9
.3

1.0

(M

195.7
3.8
2.9
113.6
13.2
5.6
7.3
7.6

(2)
(1)

1

( )

192.5
3.6
2.8
109.6
12.8
5.4
6.3
8.2

7.9

7.9
(2)
(1)

1

March
2000P

(M

1.1

1.0

1,811.1
287.1
584.8
45.2

21.9
.3
.6
.2

21.0
.2
.6
.2

21.0
.3
.6
.2

79.9
13.4
28.8
3.3

80.7
13.8
29.1
3.3

83.4
14.1
30.1
3.4

1,894.3
58.3
307.4
75.5
163.5
89.1
72.4
618.8
174.3

1,904.6
58.3
308.1
75.7
163.7
89.2
73.1
620.1
175.3

47.7
.1
.9
5.6
12.6
1.3
.2
14.2
2.0

46.2
.1
1.0
5.8
12.7
1.4
.2
12.7
2.2

46.4
.1
1.0
5.9
12.6
1.4
.2
12.7
2.3

130.1
4.1
34.8
4.3
9.5
11.8
3.7
33.9
9.2

128.2
4.1
38.5
4.3
9.4
11.1
3.7
31.0
8.9

129.4
4.1
38.2
4.4
9.4
11.0
3.9
31.3
8.9

577.7
43.9
147.6

581.5
44.0
147.9

.1

23.4
1.5
6.4

25.9
1.5
6.8

26.2
1.5
7.0

See footnotes at end of table.




8.0
(2)
(1)

February
2000

83

.1
(2)
(2)

.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

597.5
8.7
11.7
225.7
28.3
22.1
19.3
18.0

604.7
8.1
12.1
227.3
28.9
22.0
18.6
18.2

605.1
8.2
12.2
227.3
29.0
22.0
18.6
18.1

253.2
3.5
1.8
181.1
16.8
4.4
5.7
8.7

262.0
3.6
1.9
186.4
18.8
4.4
6.0
9.4

262.4
3.6
1.9
186.6
18.9
4.4
6.1
9.2

939.8
13.7
17.2
548.7
41.8
25.7
34.1
34.3

984.4
13.9
17.3
571.5
42.8
26.2
34.6
34.8

998.9
13.9
17.2
578.8
43.3
26.6
34.9
35.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

16.2
12.5

16.7
13.0

16.7
12.9

40.6
31.7

41.0
31.9

40.9
31.8

131.6
95.3

133.6
97.3

134.1
97.5

Idaho
Boise City

74.8
36.1

76.7
36.9

76.5
37.0

26.0
10.7

27.0
11.2

27.2
11.2

132.0
49.0

135.1
52.0

136.7
52.5

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

955.9
9.2
11.7
638.9
31.1
14.3
7.1
34.2
52.5
4.3

949.2
8.9
12.1
633.2
30.3
14.1
7.0
33.2
51.2
4.4

950.4
8.8
12.3
634.1
31.4
14.1
7.1
32.1
51.4
4.4

345.3
3.0
3.5
257.6
10.1
5.4
2.3
9.8
8.7
4.7

345.0
2.9
3.6
255.6
10.3
5.3
2.3
10.1
8.9
4.5

346.3
3.0
3.6
256.1
10.4
5.4
2.3
10.1
9.0
4.5

1,320.7
17.9
21.8
916.0
47.1
12.3
11.0
40.5
37.4
22.5

1,320.8
18.1
21.6
919.4
47.2
12.3
11.3
40.6
37.0
22.2

1,328.5
17.8
21.8
923.7
47.7
12.3
11.3
40.7
37.2
22.5

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

685.2
9.3
63.1
31.4
75.0
49.3
126.7
20.4
22.8
9.6
22.8
12.4

690.4
9.5
65.3
32.0
73.9
47.9
128.6
21.3
23.6
10.1
22.6
12.7

689.5
9.4
65.9
32.0
73.4
47.7
128.2
21.0
23.4
9.9
22.7
12.5

145.8
1.7
3.0
7.4
13.3
15.0
54.4
1.2
2.3
3.5
5.6
3.0

144.7
1.7
3.0
7.4
13.8
14.9
54.1
1.2
2.4
3.3
5.5
3.0

145.8
1.7
3.0
7.4
13.9
15.0
54.5
1.2
2.4
3.6
5.6
3.0

684.1
15.0
22.9
38.1
63.7
62.7
218.3
11.2
19.6
13.4
34.9
18.7

689.7
15.5
22.5
39.1
65.2
63.2
224.0
11.1
19.9
13.3
34.7
18.9

693.1
15.5
22.7
39.1
65.9
63.6
225.2
11.2
19.9
13.3
34.9
19.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

260.1
22.4
24.3
12.2
5.5
14.0
14.5

258.4
21.8
23.4
11.4
5.5
13.5
14.6

259.5
21.8
23.5
11.4
5.4
13.5
14.6

71.0
11.6
14.6
1.9
2.3
3.9
2.5

72.1
11.9
15.0
1.8
2.5
3.9
2.5

72.5
11.7
15.3
1.8
2.6
4.0
2.5

347.2
25.5
70.7
12.5
14.4
15.6
16.9

346.7
25.9
72.8
12.8
14.5
16.3
17.2

349.9
26.0
73.2
12.9
14.6
16.3
17.2

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

215.2
5.5
10.1
75.0

211.0
5.6
9.7
71.8

211.3
5.6
9.7
72.0

76.6
1.4
5.7
11.0

78.6
1.4
5.2
11.4

78.6
1.4
5.2
11.4

314.7
11.9
21.4
62.4

317.7
12.0
21.4
62.6

318.4
12.0
21.5
62.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

319.7
48.9
88.9
6.9

321.6
49.1
88.7
6.9

321.3
48.9
88.8
6.9

102.8
11.0
43.7
2.1

106.4
11.5
46.5
2.1

106.9
11.6
46.5
2.1

416.0
62.5
136.9
10.8

421.9
63.6
139.4
11.1

426.5
64.2
140.0
11.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

186.7
3.6
24.1
8.2
14.7
11.6
8.1
49.6
19.0

184.5
3.8
24.2
7.8
14.7
11.4
8.1
49.2
18.7

184.7
3.8
24.3
7.6
14.8
11.4
8.3
48.8
18.4

112.0
3.4
13.6
8.3
9.4
4.3
3.8
41.1
8.3

112.8
3.4
14.0
8.4
9.5
4.9
3.8
40.2
8.3

113.3
3.4
14.0
8.4
9.4
4.9
3.8
40.4
8.3

440.7
12.9
68.9
18.1
42.6
19.0
17.3
153.0
39.7

435.2
13.4
70.7
18.2
43.0
18.8
17.3
150.9
39.7

437.9
13.4
70.9
18.2
43.0
18.9
17.5
151.0
40.1

86.1
7.8
14.5

85.5
8.0
15.2

85.5
7.9
15.2

23.5
1.9
6.8

23.3
1.9
6.9

23.5
1.9
7.0

135.5
10.5
39.3

139.1
10.8
39.9

139.5
10.6
39.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




84

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

200.6
1.8
2.4
136.5
6.2
8.2
9.1
4.6

203.9
1.7
2.4
137.4
6.0
8.1
9.4
4.5

205.1
1.7
2.4
138.2
6.0
8.2
9.4
4.5

1,036.9
14.7
17.2
634.0
50.0
32.6
40.9
40.2

1,085.7
15.3
17.5
676.0
52.0
34.6
42.2
41.6

1,096.9
15.5
17.8
685.3
52.1
35.0
42.7
41.9

593.6
12.7
20.5
262.5
40.9
21.8
33.4
21.1

599.4
12.7
20.3
272.0
41.2
22.0
33.9
20.8

607.2
12.7
21.7
274.8
41.5
22.1
34.1
21.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.1
28.2

34.4
27.4

34.5
27.5

173.8
123.8

175.7
125.0

176.4
125.5

114.6
92.5

115.1
92.5

117.4
93.9

Idaho
Boise City

23.4
11.3

23.4
11.5

23.4
11.5

128.5
52.4

136.2
55.2

138.7
55.6

105.9
32.4

107.8
32.8

108.4
32.6

404.7
17.9
3.8
314.2
8.1
2.1
1.7
7.9
7.6
7.9

404.9
18.6
3.8
314.4
8.0
2.0
1.8
8.3
7.5
7.7

406.4
18.8
3.8
314.1
8.2
2.0
1.8
8.2
7.5
7.7

1,780.2
21.0
21.6
1,338.5
50.5
14.6
11.8
53.6
46.8
35.1

1,794.6
22.6
22.0
1,362.5
50.6
14.9
11.5
53.6
48.4
35.2

1,822.9
22.7
22.3
1,375.3
50.9
15.0
11.7
54.1
48.9
35.4

832.6
15.5
35.4
500.2
26.5
6.7
6.9
19.4
18.1
33.9

836.6
15.7
35.7
489.8
26.9
6.4
6.9
20.0
18.1
34.3

840.5
15.6
36.3
494.4
26.9
6.6
6.8
20.3
18.0
34.3

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

140.7
2.4
2.8
7.7
14.6
8.9
63.5
1.6
3.7
1.9
6.8
2.4

142.3
2.4
3.1
7.8
14.6
9.3
66.0
1.6
3.9
1.9
6.8
2.4

142.8
2.4
3.1
7.6
14.7
9.3
66.0
1.6
4.0
1.9
6.7
2.3

716.8
13.8
18.4
44.8
65.4
74.5
236.8
8.5
18.9
15.6
44.9
16.3

727.5
14.2
19.0
46.3
64.9
77.1
237.5
9.4
18.6
15.6
44.6
16.2

734.6
14.3
19.3
46.7
66.0
77.8
239.2
9.5
18.6
15.8
44.9
16.4

413.3
20.8
8.0
15.7
27.3
38.6
109.8
7.0
24.9
12.9
13.8
12.1

418.2
21.2
7.9
16.3
27.3
39.0
112.1
7.2
26.3
13.2
14.1
12.1

420.7
21.0
8.0
16.4
27.4
39.2
112.3
7.2
26.4
13.2
14.4
12.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

84.4
6.6
40.4
1.9
2.4
2.8
3.1

84.7
7.0
39.0
1.9
2.7
2.8
3.1

84.9
7.2
38.6
1.9
2.6
2.8
3.1

382.0
36.6
83.2
17.6
15.1
19.0
19.3

388.0
36.9
81.6
18.4
15.9
19.1
19.8

392.9
37.3
82.5
18.2
16.4
19.2
20.0

243.1
11.6
36.8
3.9
28.6
7.8
13.1

244.7
12.1
37.4
3.9
28.0
8.0
13.2

247.7
12.2
37.8
4.0
28.8
8.1
13.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

62.9
2.1
6.6
11.1

63.4
1.9
6.6
11.7

63.6
1.9
6.7
11.7

336.4
11.5
30.3
75.9

343.4
11.5
30.7
76.3

346.1
11.6
31.0
76.3

246.0
14.6
22.1
34.2

245.7
14.1
21.3
34.4

250.4
14.7
21.5
35.0

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

69.8
10.3
29.6
1.8

71.1
10.2
30.3
1.8

71.2
10.4
30.2
1.9

450.3
78.2
167.5
11.4

463.7
79.5
173.0
11.6

467.7
80.9
174.6
11.8

303.8
57.2
72.8
7.4

308.8
56.5
73.5
7.8

313.1
56.7
74.0
7.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

85.2
2.6
17.0
2.0
6.3
2.5
5.6
30.8
6.4

84.5
2.6
16.5
2.0
6.4
2.5
5.7
30.8
6.5

84.9
2.6
16.7
2.0
6.4
2.5
5.7
30.8
6.5

514.7
16.6
76.1
15.4
42.3
23.8
18.7
195.3
55.0

529.3
17.1
79.1
14.6
43.3
25.3
20.4
198.3
56.6

531.3
17.1
79.4
14.6
43.4
25.4
20.4
199.2
57.2

373.3
13.5
60.2
14.1
24.2
13.6
13.3
104.9
33.2

373.6
13.8
63.4
14.4
24.5
13.7
13.2
105.7
33.4

376.7
13.8
63.6
14.6
24.7
13.7
13.3
105.9
33.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

30.8
2.5
13.5

30.8
2.4
13.7

31.0
2.4
13.9

166.6
13.8
43.1

172.4
14.1
45.6

173.1
14.3
45.5

99.7
5.1
19.4

100.6
5.2
19.5

102.6
5.4
19.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,346.4

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,176.2
54.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
DeKoit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ..
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,474.5
279.9
71.0

4,496.3
283.0

2,105.6
174.6
565.5
60.7
213.4
232.7
176.3

2,129.4
167.9
575.1
62.2
213.2
236.4
177.9

4,515.6
284.1
72.6
2,141.0
168.6
578.4
62.4
214.7
237.7
178.2

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,550.4
110.7
1,664.8
79.1
89.6

2,596.3
113.3
1,698.3
81.2
92.4

2,606.8
113.6
1,708.4
81.8
92.8

Mississippi
Jackson

1,143.4
228.3

1,151.4
228.7

1,155.4
229.3

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,692.0
951.5
1.303.6
165.6

2,702.8
967.0
1,311.9
168.9

Montana

371.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

March
1999

1,196.7
396.6
875.5

1,949.2

97.2
51.5

155.4
121.0
63.8
41.1
253.2
228.5

2,387.8
1,213.6
407.4
897.1

2,413.5
1,224.2

3,224.1

3,237.1
57.2
1,987.9

56.1
1,976.3
99.1
51.1
158.5
123.3
64.5
41.7
257.4
229.6

72.1

February
2000

1.3
.4

March
2000P

907.8

110.1
3.0
64.6
4.0
1.5
6.0
4.7
2.3
1.5
7.6
7.6

113.7
3.1
67.1
4.1
1.5
6.3
4.8
2.5
1.6
8.0
7.8

168.5
9.8
2.3
73.6
6.7

170.6
10.1
2.3
75.1

1.3

.5

.5

.6

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

6.8

6.1

6.2

165.9
9.8
2.1

1.0

1.0

73.8
6.8
23.8
2.3
7.8
7.7
8.6

2

124.2
65.1

41.7
258.4
231.0

(!)
(M

(!)

(M
(M

(!)

(M
7.0
4.8

V

4.7

4.8

877.6
149.3
406.9

883.9
153.3
414.1

887.5
154.3
414.2

1.1

1.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

965.8
699.2
184.5

999.5
730.0
189.9

1,006.1
734.2
191.2

12.5
1.9
.5

11.3
1.8
.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

592.4
101.7
95.5
114.9

605.2
104.3
94.7
118.7

604.7
104.1
94.8
118.6

.4

.3

3,808.3
173.4
658.3
488.2
246.1
624.5
364.7
973.1
198.5
58.8

3,843.2
172.2
660.8
492.4
245.6
635.6
365.0
990.6
200.3
58.1

3,874.6
174.8
667.0
495.9
246.6
639.9
371.4
995.7
200.9
58.7

1.9

1.9

722.5
340.0
54.9
72.3

730.3
345.8
56.3
73.0

737.4
348.7

57.1
73.9

98.4
3.8

100.3

62.1
2.9
3.1

63.8
2.9
3.3

55.2
11.1

53.8
11.2

53.7
11.4

127.1
48.0

132.4

)

3.8

68.6
7.4

48.9
70.9
7.7

134.7
49.6
72.8
7.8

4.8

16.7

16.7

17.4

1.2

38.5
6.4
19.7

40.1
7.2
20.5

40.4
7.3
20.7

11.2

90.0
72.4
12.9

88.2
70.9
13.3

89.1
71.0
13.5

.4

21.6
4.4
3.0
3.6

23.6
4.7
3.1
3.5

23.8
4.8
3.2
3.7

2.1

127.5
6.5

127.9

21.2

(

21.6
21.5
5.0
18.1
16.5
32.0
4.5
1.8

132.0
6.5
23.2
22.5

)

<

)
1

1 j
1 )
1 \

8.1
7.9
8.8

5.3

5.2

383.0

6.7
24.5
2.5

92.0
3.4
61.6
2.7
3.5

6.9
4.7
()
< >
!

378.1

24.0
2.5
7.9
7.7
9.1

5.6

6.7
4.7

5.0




104.7
2.8
61.1
3.7
1.5
5.9
4.8
2.3
1.5
7.1
6.9

1.3

2,728.4
973.3
1,319.6
170.5

See footnotes at end of table.

152.1
71.7
14.6
66.4

1.3

5.5

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

148.4
70.6
14.3
64.7

99.6
51.2
159.8

March
2000P

141.8
65.5
12.7
62.8

(M
1

411.1

February
2000

1.4
.3

1.4
.3

5.2

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

March
1999

(J)

1

1.8
.4

21.4
4.8
18.0
17.5

.5

30.9
4.5
1.9

.8
.3
13.2

13.3
< )
( )
1

(
(

1

13.2
)
)

41.9
20.6
3.4

3.9

6.1

41.9
21.2
3.4
4.0

5.1
19.5
17.7

32.9
4.6
2.0
42.9
21.6
3.5
4.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

175.7
98.0
29.3
39.1

176.3
96.2
28.9
40.6

176.8
96.0
29.2
41.3

109.3
57.3
18.5
37.1

113.0
59.0
18.1
38.1

112.6
59.1
18.3
38.2

534.0
271.0
60.9
198.1

545.3
274.6
62.4
199.6

550.3
276.8
62.9
201.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

433.6
2.5
213.0
11.3
13.1
38.9
27.9
13.0
7.3
37.9
39.7

429.3
2.7
209.5
11.5
12.6
39.0
27.7
12.8
7.2
38.3
38.6

429.3
2.7
210.1
11.5
12.6
39.2
27.7
12.7
7.0
38.3
38.7

136.7
2.8
84.5
4.9
2.0
5.6
7.0
3.5
1.4
10.0
9.8

138.5
2.9
85.3
4.7
2.0
5.8
7.2
3.4
1.5
10.3
10.3

139.4
2.9
85.8
4.7
2.0
5.8
7.1
3.4
1.5
10.2
10.3

712.4
17.1
415.2
32.1
12.6
36.1
27.2
16.3
9.9
59.2
50.8

724.3
18.3
422.6
32.3
12.7
37.0
28.3
16.8
10.2
61.4
51.3

722.8
18.4
422.6
32.6
12.8
37.3
28.7
17.0
10.2
61.8
51.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ..
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

979.6
54.7
19.5
445.6
38.2
159.6
12.1
48.7
28.7
39.4

967.3
54.5
19.5
448.7
31.0
161.3
12.5
48.1
27.9
38.8

963.7
54.6
19.6
449.3
31.0
161.5
12.4
48.1
28.0
38.5

174.4
6.6
3.2
95.2
5.5
20.0
3.6
7.3
6.4
6.6

175.7
6.6
3.5
94.7
5.6
20.8
3.7
7.5
6.5
6.6

177.0
6.6
3.5
94.4
5.7
20.9
3.7
7.5
6.5
6.6

1,038.7
55.1
15.5
484.0
43.2
141.6
15.4
47.3
51.1
44.2

1,048.2
55.9
15.4
492.5
43.2
144.9
15.6
47.4
51.9
44.2

1,052.9
56.1
15.7
495.2
43.4
145.9
15.7
48.0
52.2
44.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

435.0
8.1
274.9
13.0
16.7

435.4
8.4
275.6
12.2
17.2

435.1
8.3
276.2
12.4
17.1

128.7
7.4
92.0
2.4
3.3

128.5
7.7
93.8
2.5
3.5

128.8
7.7
93.9
2.4
3.5

601.3
26.6
388.6
14.9
25.7

612.2
26.9
394.8
14.9
26.0

614.8
27.0
396.7
15.0
26.1

Mississippi
Jackson

244.5
20.3

243.0
20.4

242.8
20.4

54.2
17.3

56.4
17.9

57.1
17.8

249.4
55.2

246.9
54.1

248.4
54.5

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

413.3
106.1
190.8
23.1

404.7
108.0
187.2
23.3

402.3
108.5
187.2
23.2

169.4
79.6
86.0
11.5

170.6
81.1
85.1
12.4

170.6
81.5
85.2
12.6

626.8
228.8
305.0
46.1

629.5
234.6
309.1
47.0

636.8
234.9
310.0
47.1

Montana

23.8

24.3

24.1

21.9

22.4

22.4

97.9

98.4

99.3

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

118.6
18.1
40.2

116.8
17.9
39.9

117.3
17.9
39.9

57.1
9.1
30.8

57.5
9.4
31.6

58.1
9.7
32.0

210.8
31.6
97.5

210.8
32.0
100.0

211.1
31.9
99.8

42.1
23.0
13.7

42.7
23.6
13.6

42.9
23.8
13.7

50.0
36.5
11.9

52.9
39.3
12.6

53.2
39.3
12.7

193.3
142.7
41.1

204.4
151.7
43.1

205.9
153.0
43.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

107.2
14.5
27.6
17.9

105.7
15.1
27.3
18.5

105.3
15.2
27.2
18.4

20.9
6.0
3.1
3.6

21.6
6.5
3.3
3.8

21.4
6.6
3.3
3.7

153.8
24.6
24.1
30.5

158.0
25.6
24.0
32.2

157.8
25.7
23.9
32.1

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

466.8
6.0
102.9
54.2
26.4
91.2
20.3
133.7
16.4
12.5

460.5
6.1
101.2
54.6
24.8
90.1
20.1
132.4
15.9
11.7

461.2
6.2
101.3
55.2
24.7
89.7
20.1
131.8
15.9
11.8

262.9
6.8
37.3
22.9
31.1
48.7
19.6
83.9
7.1
2.7

264.7
6.7
37.9
23.0
30.1
48.4
19.2
86.5
7.3
2.6

265.0
6.8
38.0
23.0
30.5
48.4
19.5
86.0
7.3
2.7

880.5
33.5
178.1
128.5
57.5
143.8
96.2
194.7
32.7
11.5

897.3
33.4
179.4
130.5
58.1
147.5
97.0
201.5
33.9
11.7

903.8
34.2
180.6
130.8
58.0
148.8
98.5
202.7
33.9
11.7

42.0
26.6
3.1
1.8

41.2
26.6
3.0
1.7

41.2
26.6
3.0
1.7

34.7
18.2
2.0
1.2

35.9
19.2
2.0
1.2

36.1
19.4
2.0
1.2

168.0
80.4
11.2
14.8

168.7
80.1
11.3
15.1

169.7
80.7
11.5
15.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

137.1
73.4
32.7
52.1

140.1
75.5
34.1
53.0

140.5
75.7
34.2
53.2

797.4
410.5
155.7
308.2

817.2
417.0
163.2
323.2

825.4
421.0
165.3
325.7

449.8
220.6
86.8
178.1

446.1
220.4
86.4
177.9

454.4
223.6
86.6
181.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

224.3
3.1
168.8
3.1
1.5
5.2
3.4
1.9
1.9
13.2
15.1

227.3
3.2
171.4
3.1
1.5
5.5
3.5
2.0
1.9
13.1
14.6

227.9
3.2
172.0
3.1
1.5
5.5
3.5
2.0
1.9
13.0
14.7

1,140.8
18.1
769.4
25.5
13.1
44.0
34.6
16.7
13.8
78.8
70.0

1,165.2
18.1
781.9
26.4
12.9
45.1
35.6
17.0
14.1
79.0
73.9

1,175.0
18.5
788.5
26.5
13.0
45.5
35.8
17.2
14.0
79.5
74.2

422.4
7.7
236.7
16.6
7.7
19.7
16.1
10.1
5.2
46.9
36.0

428.1
7.9
240.5
17.1
7.9
20.1
16.3
10.2
5.2
47.6
33.1

427.7
8.4
241.2
17.1
7.8
20.2
16.6
10.3
5.4
47.5
33.5

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

205.2
9.9
2.4
112.3
6.3
21.9
1.9
10.5
14.4
6.7

206.2
10.0
2.4
111.9
6.4
22.4
2.0
10.6
14.7
. 6.8

205.8
10.1
2.4
111.9
6.4
22.4
2.0
10.6
14.7
6.8

1,217.4
68.4
19.2
655.3
48.5
141.1
15.0
54.9
58.5
47.6

1,232.2
69.5
19.5
669.1
49.4
142.8
15.2
55.1
59.3
48.8

1,239.2
70.0
19.6
674.1
49.6
144.1
15.4
55.6
59.7
49.1

686.5
75.4
9.1
238.5
26.1
57.5
10.4
36.9
65.9
23.2

692.1
76.7
9.5
237.9
25.6
58.9
10.7
36.6
68.4
23.6

700.2
76.6
9.5
240.0
25.8
59.1
10.7
36.8
68.7
23.8

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

158.5
3.4
125.3
2.4
3.2

160.2
3.4
128.5
2.5
3.5

160.9
3.4
128.6
2.5
3.5

732.7
33.5
489.5
36.1
23.6

754.4
34.5
505.4
38.3
24.8

758.9
34.7
509.3
38.7
25.1

395.2
23.5
232.4
7.6
13.6

400.5
23.9
237.7
7.9
14.3

401.1
24.0
239.4
7.9
14.2

42.5
16.6

42.2
15.6

41.9
15.5

265.0
58.8

271.1
61.4

272.2
61.5

227.4
48.3

232.5
47.5

233.7
47.5

164.6
70.3
83.3
8.6

165.6
70.8
84.3
8.9

165.6
71.3
83.9
8.8

757.8
282.7
410.2
48.1

763.8
285.6
416.6
48.8

776.0
287.9
420.3
49.0

428.0
136.0
159.7
20.8

431.0
138.0
158.7
20.8

437.1
139.6
160.2
22.0

Montana

17.2

17.6

17.6

108.4

113.4

114.4

81.0

80.5

83.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

60.4
10.6
35.4

61.2
11.0
36.2

61.2
10.9
36.2

238.4
39.8
133.4

241.4
41.7
134.6

241.8
42.1
134.6

152.7
33.7
49.9

154.9
34.1
51.3

156.4
34.5
51.0

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

43.7
33.3
8.1

44.5
34.0
8.1

44.6
34.1
8.2

414.4
313.3
71.8

434.8
330.4
74.2

436.7
331.8
74.5

119.8
76.1
24.5

120.7
78.3
24.6

122.5
79.4
24.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

31.9
7.7
5.0
6.2

32.6
7.7
4.4
6.6

32.8
7.5
4.4
6.6

172.9
33.0
23.8
31.0

177.5
33.3
23.8
31.5

176.7
33.1
24.0
31.7

83.7
11.5
8.9
22.1

85.9
11.4
8.8
22.6

86.5
11.2
8.8
22.4

252.5
5.8
37.7
26.6
27.5
46.0
18.5
75.5
11.0
2.9

257.8
5.9
38.3
27.0
28.6
47.9
18.6
77.2
11.2
2.7

258.3
6.0
38.7
27.0
28.5
47.9
18.7
77.6
11.2
2.8

1,238.2
86.0
209.5
153.6
60.1
195.9
128.8
309.9
74.9
12.8

1,252.3
85.1
210.5
154.7
60.7
201.6
129.7
316.4
75.2
13.0

1,267.4
86.1
212.7
155.9
61.3
203.2
132.2
319.1
75.8
12.9

578.0
28.8
71.6
81.0
38.7
80.4
63.8
143.7
51.9
14.2

580.8
28.9
71.9
81.1
38.3
81.5
63.9
143.9
52.3
14.3

584.8
29.0
72.5
81.5
38.5
81.8
64.7
144.7
52.2
14.5

32.9
18.8
2.1
3.6

32.8
19.2
2.1
3.5

32.9
19.2
2.1
3.6

207.8
108.4
14.3
21.5

212.6
111.7
15.3
21.8

214.4
112.7
15.4
22.1

182.0
67.0
18.8
25.5

183.9
67.8
19.2
25.7

187.0
68.5
19.6
25.9

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hjnterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

216.9
6.8
50.2
33.7
39.2

220.6
7.0
52.0
34.0
40.3

224.0
7.2
52.3
34.3
40.7

3.3

12.2
2.1
4.6
2.3

13.4
2.4
4.9
2.1

13.6
2.4
5.0
2.2

12.6
.6
.6
.7
.8
.6
.2

.4
.2
.4

215.9
12.2
7.9
38.5
40.7
35.2
16.5
7.6
4.1
2.3
1.5
15.5
9.5

211.4
12.3
8.1
38.0
39.8
36.1
17.1
7.5
3.6
2.6
1.6
14.9
9.3

216.8
12.5
8.2
38.9
40.9
37.2
17.4
7.7
3.8
2.6
1.7
15.3
9.6

27.5
.6
.1
5.9
7.1

27.7
.6
.1
5.8
7.1

56.3
.8
1.4
20.8
17.3

57.7
.8
1.6
21.4
18.2

58.7
.8
1.6
21.5
18.6

1.7
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.7
.1
.1
1.1
.3

77.6
6.9
3.1
49.9
6.9

79.9
6.5
3.3
50.8
7.1

79.7
6.5
3.4
50.7
7.2

18.7
)
)
)
)
)
.4
)
)
4.4
)
.3

19.0
(1 )

213.0
11.1
2.7
4.1
13.1
3.9
13.0
88.7
11.7
47.7
6.7
9.4
1.4
2.1
2.0
8.8

217.7
11.5
2.7
3.9
13.1
4.0
13.2
87.9
10.7
48.8
6.3
9.4
1.6
2.0
1.9
8.7

224.5
12.0
2.7
4.1
13.5
4.1
13.5
92.1
11.1
51.5
6.7
10.0
1.6
2.2
2.0
8.9

8,503.8
450.8
118.4
548.7
114.7
43.9
48.9
1,201.8
4,198.0
3,655.1
129.2
547.7
110.8
349.4
134.3
409.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,836.1
111.4
807.5
660.0
661.5

3,876.4
110.4
818.4
666.3
676.6

3,904.9
111.7
820.9
670.0
679.4

4.1
(1 )
1
( )
(1 )

(M

3.9
(1 )
1
( )
(1 )
(1)

315.7
49.8
98.9
47.6

319.3
50.6
100.0
48.0

320.6
50.8
99.8
47.8

3.0
(1 )
1
( )
(1)

(1 )
(1 )
(1)

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5.469.2
324.9
181.7
861.1
1,151.9
845.8
477.3
127.1
79.6
80.5
50.6
323.4
243.5

5,499.4
331.1
185.5
875.4
1,155.8
852.2
478.1
128.8
79.7
81.0
49.9
327.3
244.8

5,534.2
333.2
186.6
881.8
1,161.6
857.8
479.0
129.0
80.5
81.3
50.7
329.4
245.8

12.9
.6
.5
.7
.8
.7
.3
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
.4
.2
.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,452.8
24.3
38.2
526.0
390.1

1,470.4
24.1
38.7
535.5
392.7

1,479.1
24.1
38.8
538.6
394.9

29.6
.7
.1
6.6
7.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,550.9
140.6
68.7
933.5
133.9

1,573.3
141.7
71.6
957.7
134.0

1,577.1
142.6
72.0
959.5
134.8

1.7
.2
.1
1.1
.2

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton- Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,519.7
275.2
59.0
132.2
355.5
87.0
218.2
2,339.7
678.6
1,088.8
165.3
275.6
49.5
68.4
53.7
167.3

5,534.0
276.2
59.9
132.5
354.3
87.5
221.1
2,368.1
684.0
1,091.2
167.4
276.2
49.5
70.7
54.0
166.4

5,574.8
278.7
60.5
133.6
356.7
87.5
222.8
2,382.5
683.3
1,098.9
168.4
279.5
49.8
70.8
54.3
167.6

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

See footnotes at end of table.




89

3.9
.4

3.8
.4
1

( )
(1 )

1

(])
(1 )
1
(1 )
( ) .3
(1 )

(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
1

(
(1

(M

.4

)
)
)
)
)
)
)
.3
.3

(1 )

(M
(1)

(M

19.8
)
)
)
)
)
.4
)
)
4.6
)
.3
)
)

(
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1

.3
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )

)
)
)
)

4.0
.4

1

(1 )

.3
(1
(1
(1
(1

March
2000P

295.3
15.1
3.7
17.6
4.4
1.8
1.8
57.7
143.1
113.4
4.4
17.6
4.6
12.5
2.9
23.0

8,429.5
449.4
117.8
546.3
114.0
44.3
48.9
1,186.0
4,160.0
3,621.7
128.2
545.7
110.1
346.3
133.6
406.1

(J)
(1 )
(( 1 )) .3

February
2000

287.4
14.9
3.6
17.4
4.2
1.8
1.8
55.4
139.1
110.5
4.3
17.3
4.5
11.7
2.8
22.2

8,329.6
443.9
116.2
545.0
110.7
44.2
48.1
1,168.2
4,113.2
3,583.8
126.8
538.9
107.5
341.5
130.5
400.0

( )
(1 )
(1 )

March
1999

273.6
14.5
3.6
17.0
4.0
1.7
1.8
53.4
132.0
105.0
4.3
16.5
4.4
11.3
2.8
20.6

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

1

March
2000P

4.0

({)
(1 ^
(1)

3.2

12.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.6
.3
)
)
)
.4
.1
.4

(1
(1
(1

(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1

(M
(M

(M
(1)

.4

(M
(1)

(M
(1)
(1)

.4
(1 )
(1 )
4.5
(1 )
.3
(1 )
1
( )
(1 )
.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

889.8
38.0
25.1
86.8
17.1
9.8
8.0
112.8
300.9
250.9
11.4
117.9
11.6
50.0
19.5
36.4

880.7
38.2
24.7
85.7
17.3
9.4
7.8
113.2
295.2
245.6
11.5
115.3
11.6
50.6
19.6
36.0

882.5
38.2
24.8
85.5
17.4
8.8
7.8
113.9
296.8
247.2
11.6
115.1
11.6
50.5
19.5
36.2

413.4
17.1
5.0
25.0
4.1
1.5
1.4
54.4
233.6
206.3
7.5
17.8
6.0
19.9
4.0
20.6

416.7
18.0
5.0
25.6
4.2
1.5
1.4
56.1
234.7
207.1
7.6
18.4
6.0
20.5
4.2
20.9

418.9
18.1
5.0
25.9
4.2
1.5
1.4
56.8
235.5
207.8
7.7
18.5
6.1
20.9
4.3
21.0

1,660.2
92.4
24.3
125.7
20.7
10.1
10.8
295.7
711.6
596.8
33.9
112.9
24.3
77.3
26.2
86.1

1,684.6
91.6
25.0
126.9
21.5
9.8
11.2
300.1
720.8
604.1
34.9
116.8
25.3
77.0
27.2
86.8

1,696.1
91.8
25.1
127.1
21.6
9.9
11.2
304.8
725.8
608.8
35.0
117.1
25.4
111
27.4
86.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

808.2
18.5
139.5
159.9
83.6

790.0
18.1
135.5
156.0
83.8

789.0
18.0
135.6
155.7
84.0

172.5
4.9
53.1
34.5
29.0

177.3
5.2
55.3
35.6
30.0

178.4
5.2
55.5
36.0
30.4

861.9
26.8
193.2
147.7
138.6

867.6
25.8
192.7
147.7
141.8

875.5
26.1
192.6
148.2
142.2

23.6
2.8
7.9
3.8

23.6
3.0
7.8
3.9

23.7
3.0
7.8
3.8

18.2
3.2
5.0
2.1

18.3
3.2
5.1
2.0

18.3
3.2
5.1
2.0

78.9
11.9
27.7
12.8

79.9
12.3
28.2
12.9

79.7
12.3
27.9
12.9

1,087.7
64.7
46.8
140.9
223.7
93.3
95.9
23.1
20.2
23.4
13.5
60.8
54.6

1,080.4
65.3
46.9
141.0
221.7
92.8
94.6
23.3
19.9
22.6
13.4
61.7
54.3

1,079.8
65.5
46.8
141.7
221.5
92.4
94.5
23.3
20.0
22.6
13.3
61.8
54.0

240.4
14.8
4.9
47.7
45.3
40.0
21.1
4.8
3.3
3.4
2.6
14.8
10.0

242.9
15.9
5.1
49.8
45.3
40.1
21.9
4.9
3.3
3.4
2.5
15.3
10.0

243.7
16.0
5.2
49.7
45.6
40.2
21.8
4.8
3.3
3.4
2.5
15.2
10.0

1,310.8
80.5
44.3
215.9
271.1
219.1
110.2
33.3
18.2
18.0
10.3
78.4
61.0

1,308.3
82.4
46.0
219.6
271.1
217.0
109.3
32.9
18.4
18.3
10.1
79.2
62.1

1,319.9
83.1
46.4
221.6
272.7
217.9
109.7
33.2
18.7
18.4
10.2
79.6
62.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

183.4
2.4
3.8
54.5
56.8

183.5
2.6
3.8
57.3
54.9

183.6
2.6
3.8
57.3
55.0

81.2
2.2
1.6
24.4
32.1

81.2
2.2
1.6
25.0
32.4

81.3
2.2
1.6
24.9
32.4

332.2
6.2
8.9
122.5
89.9

337.0
6.2
8.8
122.7
90.0

340.0
6.2
9.0
124.0
90.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

238.4
22.5
8.6
144.7
17.1

238.4
23.3
9.1
144.3
16.2

238.4
23.4
9.1
144.3
16.2

76.6
4.2
3.6
54.1
3.9

78.1
4.1
3.8
56.1
4.0

79.1
4.1
3.8
56.3
3.9

377.5
34.4
19.3
229.1
27.8

380.8
35.0
20.0
234.6
27.9

380.8
35.1
20.0
235.3
28.1

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

929.0
55.1
10.4
34.5
45.4
13.1
57.0
301.5
57.6
137.9
41.6
53.6
12.0
8.5
13.5
46.7

923.0
54.4
10.2
33.4
43.7
13.1
57.0
305.0
56.5
137.2
42.9
53.2
10.9
8.5
13.6
45.9

926.0
54.1
10.2
33.5
43.9
12.9
56.9
306.6
56.6
138.1
42.6
53.5
10.9
8.5
13.6
46.0

290.3
15.8
4.2
4.7
24.2
5.1
8.2
114.1
35.1
68.5
8.8
16.6
1.9
2.2
2.0
8.2

295.8
16.1
4.3
4.7
24.4
5.3
8.3
115.3
35.1
69.1
8.9
16.4
2.0
2.3
1.9
8.0

296.6
16.3
4.4
4.7
24.5
5.3
8.4
115.0
34.8
69.2
9.0
16.5
2.0
2.3
1.9
7.9

1,221.4
58.4
15.5
29.2
79.9
20.2
53.5
509.4
114.7
254.1
38.3
64.4
12.2
12.9
12.7
39.9

1,227.4
58.3
15.9
30.1
80.1
20.1
54.8
510.9
116.0
255.6
38.1
64.6
12.7
13.1
12.9
40.2

1,234.9
58.8
16.0
30.1
80.7
20.2
55.3
514.2
116.5
256.3
37.9
65.2
12.8
13.1
13.0
40.6

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

742.6
26.1
3.8
30.2
4.6
1.2
2.4
82.9
519.9
485.7
5.9
20.9
5.7
17.8
8.3
27.4

746.5
26.1
4.6
30.6
5.0
1.2
2.5
83.7
522.3
487.4
5.9
20.8
5.8
18.3
7.8
27.8

748.0
26.2
4.6
30.6
5.0
1.2
2.5
83.9
522.8
487.8
5.9
20.8
5.9
18.3
7.9
27.9

2,888.6
143.8
31.4
170.2
37.1
12.5
13.5
379.7
1,567.7
1,376.4
35.1
167.1
36.0
104.0
41.4
147.7

2,952.0
147.6
32.2
170.9
39.0
13.1
13.6
384.4
1,601.9
1,406.4
35.7
171.1
37.0
106.2
43.6
150.9

2,984.5
148.4
32.1
171.8
39.3
13.1
13.4
390.1
1,620.6
1,422.8
35.9
172.3
37.2
107.0
43.6
153.0

1,457.5
111.6
23.0
90.1
23.1
7.4
10.2
189.3
647.5
562.4
28.7
85.5
19.5
61.2
28.3
61.2

1,457.8
112.6
22.7
89.2
22.8
7.5
10.6
193.1
646.0
560.3
28.3
85.7
19.9
62.0
28.4
61.5

1,474.5
112.6
23.1
90.2
22.8
7.6
10.8
194.6
653.4
567.0
28.7
86.0
20.0
62.5
28.7
61.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

184.8
3.9
65.4
35.4
31.3

186.2
4.2
64.8
34.8
32.1

187.1
4.2
64.8
35.0
32.2

967.6
34.4
210.4
176.2
211.7

1,005.3
33.9
219.3
182.2
218.6

1,014.1
34.3
220.0
183.7
220.1

620.1
16.1
95.7
72.6
128.1

625.5
16.2
98.8
76.0
130.0

632.8
16.7
100.1
77.1
129.8

16.1
2.4
7.0
1.4

16.0
2.3
6.9
1.4

16.1
2.4
6.9
1.4

90.0
16.6
30.6
12.5

90.7
16.5
31.0
12.4

91.2
16.5
31.2
12.4

73.7
10.8
16.1
12.7

74.2
10.9
16.1
13.3

74.7
11.0
15.9
13.1

302.3
13.5
6.5
54.0
78.4
76.6
18.9
7.5
2.0
2.5
1.4
11.2
9.2

309.6
13.7
6.6
56.1
79.5
79.4
18.5
7.6
2.1
2.4
1.4
11.3
9.3

311.5
13.8
6.8
56.3
79.6
79.6
18.7
7.6
2.1
2.4
1.4
11.2
9.3

1,513.3
88.8
50.0
259.6
345.5
241.1
142.0
29.2
21.3
19.5
14.4
93.4
66.2

1,540.4
91.5
51.3
264.0
349.1
244.6
144.6
30.6
21.9
20.3
14.0
95.1
67.2

1,549.9
92.5
51.7
265.6
351.2
246.6
144.5
30.4
22.1
20.4
14.6
95.8
67.5

785.9
49.8
20.8
103.8
146.4
139.8
72.4
21.6
10.5
11.4
6.5
49.1
32.6

794.0
49.4
20.9
106.2
148.5
141.6
71.8
22.0
10.5
11.4
6.5
49.7
32.2

800.0
49.2
20.9
107.3
149.3
143.3
72.2
22.0
10.5
11.5
6.6
50.3
32.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

72.0
1.1
1.7
29.1
21.0

74.0
1.1
1.7
30.2
22.1

74.3
1.1
1.7
30.2
22.3

411.7
6.8
8.7
162.5
121.8

420.8
6.5
9.2
165.7
124.6

422.7
6.5
9.2
166.6
125.0

286.4
4.1
12.0
105.6
43.5

288.7
4.1
11.9
107.3
43.4

290.8
4.1
11.8
108.3
43.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

95.3
7.2
3.1
66.4
7.0

93.9
7.2
3.2
66.1
6.7

94.1
7.3
3.2
66.2
6.7

418.2
38.2
19.4
264.9
31.9

432.3
38.5
20.1
275.4
32.4

434.0
38.8
20.3
276.5
33.0

265.6
27.0
11.5
123.3
39.1

268.2
26.9
12.0
129.3
39.4

269.3
27.3
12.1
129.1
39.4

322.0
14.3
1.7
5.4
24.4
4.0
9.9
162.4
50.3
66.4
8.4
13.8
1.6
2.1
2.3
5.2

321.8
14.6
1.7
5.5
24.2
4.1
10.4
163.5
49.1
67.0
8.4
14.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.3

322.8
14.7
1.7
5.5
24.1
4.1
10.4
164.2
48.9
67.0
8.4
14.3
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.2

1,798.2
88.4
15.8
38.1
100.5
26.4
56.6
863.3
290.5
384.3
41.9
81.8
14.6
14.0
14.8
41.2

1,795.9
89.5
16.4
39.0
101.1
26.5
57.2
884.5
297.2
384.3
42.7
81.8
15.1
14.4
15.1
41.4

1,809.7
90.7
16.7
39.7
101.8
26.3
57.9
887.9
295.4
386.4
43.3
83.0
15.2
14.4
15.1
41.8

726.0
32.1
8.7
16.2
68.0
14.3
19.6
300.3
118.7
125.3
19.6
35.7
5.8
26.6
6.4
16.9

733.7
31.8
8.7
15.9
67.7
14.4
19.8
301.0
119.4
124.8
20.1
36.3
5.7
28.2
6.3
16.5

741.3
32.1
8.8
16.0
68.2
14.6
20.0
302.5
120.0
125.9
20.5
36.7
5.8
28.1
6.4
16.8

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

453.4
511.8

460.0
511.0
1,839.6
248.7
304.6
477.1

1,860.1
251.5
306.9
481.8

361.9
47.6
108.2

372.1
48.9
111.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,654.9
226.4
197.8
327.2
581.6
662.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9,097.3
55.6
97.4
624.2
160.0
74.4

59.6

88.8
2,050.8
102.5
66.1
90.5
120.4
152.1
99.2
43.2
711.9
45.9
52.3
81.3
36.9
101.3
58.5

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

1.035.5
145.3
693.2

1,052.6
147.3
706.0

289.1
31.7
102.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,367.6
37.8
84.3
45.6
101.1
1,059.9
542.6
142.4

103.2
685.3
1,098.1
553.0
142.8

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,610.1

2,614.9

1,369.4

1,370.9

188.7
237.5

239.0

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

102.0
75.2

158.2
1,885.7
248.8
755.8

89.0
2,023.3
101.1
64.2

90.7
116.3
145.3
100.0
43.1
695.6
44.6
51.8

79.5
35.7
99.1

682.9

1

)
)

16.5
17.2

111.3
18.3
16.9
31.6

116.2
19.2
17.8
32.0

117.7
19.3
18.0
32.5

14.1
2.7
4.7

15.2
2.7
4.9

16.0
2.8
5.0

4.2

117.8
9.3
11.1
16.2
25.9
31.8

118.9
9.1
10.9
16.1
27.0
31.5

121.4
9.3
11.1
16.5
27.4
32.4

143.8
.7
.6
1.3
.9

518.6
2.3
4.9
35.3

539.2
2.4
5.5
38.0

17.1
9.5
3.6
3.3

15.3

544.5
2.3
5.5
38.4
15.4
10.0
3.9
3.3
12.9
103.4
13.5
42.0
4.6
153.0
4.8
2.6
4.5
4.2
8.3
4.9
2.2
38.4
2.8
2.1
3.6
2.6
5.5
2.1

1.9
(!)
( )
1

375.1
49.2
111.8

1.0

2,668.7
229.2
197.9
326.1
591.3
670.6

2,705.1
231.8
199.2
329.8
595.2
681.1

4.3

4.2

9,253.4
56.8
98.2
652.1
156.7
74.1
105.0
76.1
157.4
1,927.9

9,319.0
57.0
98.8
656.1
156.5
74.4
106.4
77.1
158.7
1,941.1
254.7
782.0
88.9
2,066.1
103.1
66.9
90.8
120.8
153.4
99.6
43.5
714.1
46.1
52.6
81.7
36.9

150.3
.7
.6

143.8
.7
.6

1.3

1.3
.9
1.3

.5

1.0
1.4

(M
.8
2.2
10.2
(1)
4.4
.5
65.5
1
< )

1.3
(1)

(1)

.7
2.0

.7
2.0
(1)

9.8

12.8

10.0
3.8
3.3
12.8
101.3

9.8

95.3
12.3

13.2

3.9
.5

(1)

39.4
4.7
145.6
4.5
2.3
4.5
4.3
7.2

41.4
4.7
150.7
4.6
2.5
4.4
4.2
8.3
4.9
2.1
38.3
2.8
2.1
3.5
2.6
5.4

1.2
3.2
.1

4.0
.5
62.3
1
( )
.9
3.1
.1

1.2
10.9
.5
2.0

1.2
10.9
.6
2.0

1.3
1.6

1.3
1.6

1.3
1.6

.9

.9

.9

1,059.9
148.6
710.6

7.5

7.7

7.7

67.3
9.8

70.1
9.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

44.1

46.0

9.9
46.6

295.0
32.4
104.7

296.4
33.0
105.3

.5

.4

.5

12.0
1.1
5.0

12.9
1.2
5.5

12.9
1.4
5.5

3.418.3

3,442.6
39.0

10.5

9.8

9.8

189.2

194.8
1.3
4.7
2.0

197.8
1.3
4.8
2.1
6.0
42.4
64.4
34.3

39.0

101.5
59.0

46.6

189.7

62.4
(1)

.9
3.1
.1
1.2
10.8
.6
2.0

!

(
<
(
(

88.0
46.4
103.6

86.5

691.2

1

92

2.1
3.4
2.4
5.0
2.3

59.2
33.6
8.6

555.9
143.8
2,653.3
1,392.9
192.1
240.4

5.8
2.0
37.6
2.7

1.5
4.4
2.2
5.8
40.3

)
)
)
)

1,105.4

See footnotes at end of table.




March
2000P

15.7
16.2

1.9
(
(

1.2

252.9
775.3

February
2000

15.0
16.6

461.9
512.8

1,815.6
238.9
298.9
475.5

March
1999

3.3
.7

3.2
.7

3.2
.7

(M

142.1
73.1
9.8
14.3

2.1

5.9
41.7
63.1
33.7

71.4

8.8

8.9

146.9
75.7
9.7
14.1

149.6
76.3
10.3
14.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

75.0
96.6

73.8
95.8

74.0
95.8

15.9
18.1

15.5
17.5

15.6
17.7

97.9
115.7

102.5
117.4

102.1
117.0

345.7
22.0
27.1
119.5

342.9
22.7
27.0
117.1

342.5
22.8
27.0
117.8

86.5
12.8
13.2
19.9

88.4
13.6
13.6
20.3

89.0
13.6
13.6
20.5

431.7
59.1
66.6
121.1

436.9
61.2
69.8
122.8

443.3
62.1
70.2
124.1

49.3
4.5
14.7

49.7
4.3
14.4

49.9
4.4
14.4

16.6
2.0
6.8

16.9
2.1
6.6

17.0
2.1
6.6

87.1
13.3
26.6

89.4
14.1
27.2

89.7
14.3
27.1

509.4
43.5
48.6
49.1
64.0
95.9

507.4
44.6
47.2
49.2
62.2
97.9

507.4
44.8
47.0
49.5
62.5
98.1

169.3
17.8
7.9
14.9
69.3
33.5

169.3
19.1
8.3
14.6
71.7
34.6

170.0
19.1
8.3
14.6
72.4
34.7

621.2
48.6
45.4
86.9
143.2
160.1

620.2
48.7
45.5
86.7
147.1
161.5

627.7
49.3
45.6
87.3
147.9
163.9

1,090.8
3.6
9.3
78.7
24.7
15.2
12.4
4.8
13.2
251.3
39.4
111.3
8.4
214.2
9.4
1.8
18.9
7.0
12.9
6.4
4.6
53.5
9.8
5.7
10.9
3.1
16.5
8.9

1,079.2
3.6
8.9
82.2
23.5
13.4
12.3
5.3
13.2
247.5
38.7
111.8
8.0
204.8
9.4
2.0
18.1
7.2
13.0
6.4
4.7
54.3
9.9
5.8
11.5
3.0
16.4
8.0

1,080.3
3.6
8.9
82.0
23.3
13.6
12.6
5.4
13.2
248.4
38.8
112.2
8.0
205.3
9.4
2.0
18.0
7.1
12.8
6.5
4.7
54.3
9.9
5.8
11.4
3.0
16.4
8.0

555.1
2.4
5.3
20.6
7.7
2.7
5.1
1.6
6.6
128.4
14.3
73.4
3.6
146.2
3.4
11.4
4.0
6.1
5.4
3.8
2.8
33.5
1.6
2.6
3.4
1.5
4.2
2.5

572.9
2.6
5.4
22.8
7.7
2.7
5.3
1.6
6.8
131.3
15.6
76.4
3.6
149.1
3.5
12.1
4.0
6.6
6.1
3.9
2.8
34.8
1.7
2.7
3.4
1.6
4.6
2.5

574.5
2.6
5.4
22.9
7.6
2.7
5.3
1.6
6.8
131.9
15.7
77.1
3.6
148.7
3.5
12.2
4.1
6.6
6.3
3.9
2.8
34.8
1.8
2.7
3.4
1.6
4.6
2.5

2,142.0
14.6
26.9
137.4
36.2
15.1
24.9
15.4
36.7
455.1
58.6
187.2
20.0
456.4
23.7
17.1
22.8
32.3
40.0
26.9
10.2
167.1
9.9
13.9
21.4
9.5
21.9
13.9

2,188.5
14.7
26.7
144.2
36.3
15.6
25.6
15.5
36.2
465.2
58.8
192.0
20.6
468.9
24.0
17.4
22.6
32.9
41.1
26.9
10.0
171.8
9.9
13.8
22.1
9.6
22.4
13.8

2,210.3
14.7
26.9
145.3
36.2
15.5
26.2
15.6
36.8
468.5
59.2
193.8
20.6
473.0
24.2
17.6
22.6
33.1
41.4
27.0
10.1
172.4
9.9
13.9
22.2
9.7
22.5
14.1

131.2
17.7
84.1

132.2
18.0
84.0

132.4
18.1
84.0

58.3
2.3
46.5

59.2
2.2
46.4

59.5
2.2
46.6

242.9
33.4
163.5

246.3
33.8
165.3

248.4
34.1
166.6

47.1
3.6
18.1

47.5
3.8
19.4

47.4
3.8
19.4

12.1
1.1
4.9

12.4
1.1
4.7

12.4
1.1
4.7

65.0
6.8
22.3

66.7
7.0
22.3

66.5
7.1
22.4

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

395.0
9.2
8.1
14.6
25.0
70.2
40.7
60.1
19.1

396.0
9.4
8.2
15.5
24.8
68.8
38.8
60.9
18.7

394.8
9.3
8.3
14.8
24.7
69.1
38.8
61.2
18.9

173.8
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.5
31.3
67.2
26.9
8.9

183.3
1.4
2.4
1.0
3.7
34.2
71.4
28.4
8.8

184.0
1.4
2.4
1.0
3.7
34.6
71.9
28.6
8.7

731.1
10.4
16.6
9.9
20.8
159.8
216.4
124.7
35.4

734.8
10.9
17.4
9.9
21.7
158.1
218.7
125.7
36.1

740.4
10.9
17.5
10.2
21.8
159.5
220.3
125.8
36.2

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

365.0
219.7
21.8
24.3

333.7
189.1
21.5
24.0

349.2
204.3
21.7
23.8

136.8
81.7
7.9
9.6

137.7
85.5
8.1
9.2

138.4
86.2
8.1
9.2

620.7
318.9
47.8
58.0

630.9
329.7
48.8
57.5

635.3
331.4
49.1
57.7

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

29.3
30.8

29.5
31.0

29 4
31.0

155.2
166.9

158.4
166.4

159.6
167.1

64.9
66.9

64.5
66.5

64.5
66.7

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .

80.3
8.7
22.5
16.2

81.6
8.7
23.2
16.4

82.1
23.2
16.5

438.2
67.3
75.0
105.7

446.8
73.2
77.4
108.1

454.5
74.7
78.7
109.5

320.0
50.7
77.6
61.5

324.9
50.1
75.8
60.4

329.1
50.3
76.2
60.9

South Dakota
Rapid City ...
Sioux Falls ..

23.8
3.0
12.8

25.3
3.3
13.8

25.4
3.3
13.8

97.3
14.6
32.5

101.3
14.6
34.2

101.5
14.6
34.5

72.5
7.5
10.1

73.3
7.8
10.3

74.5
7.7
10.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

130.5
16.2
8.2
15.3
28.9
43.5

130.0
16.6
7.9
15.6
28.6
44.0

130.3
16.7

705.3
57.4
46.2
88.7
167.1
211.4

718.5
57.8
47.9
87.9
170.5
214.0

722.4
58.4
48.0
88.8
170.2
217.9

397.1
33.6
30.4
55.5
83.2
86.0

400.2
33.3
30.2
55.5
84.2
87.1

421.7
34.2
31.3
57.1
86.2
90.0

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

511.7

528.0

2.4
5.4

2.5
5.5

32.8
5.3

34.4
5.3
2.0
3.8

530.6
2.5
5.5
34.6
5.3
2.0
3.8
2.8

2,571.8
19.6
27.7
183.5
41.1
14.0
28.3
16.1
49.7
579.7
59.1
207.2
19.6
617.8
27.6
I2.6
21.9
34.5
34.0
23.6
12.1
218.3
11.9
14.4
23.6
9.6

2,638.6
20.3
28.2
193.1
40.4
14.6
29.7
16.7
49.5
603.0
61.0
214.2
20.3
631.4
28.3
13.3
22.5
37.1
36.1
23.6
12.3
227.0
12.5
14.8
23.7
10.2
30.7
16.2

1,557.0
10.0
17.3
134.6
26.9
14.5
24.0
30.5
30.8
210.7
55.2
97.2
25.8
265.8
28.3
15.4
11.8
26.2
39.5
18.7

1,587.5
10.1
17.6
138.0
27.4
14.8
24.6
30.3
31.2
217.4
56.4
100.9
25.4
274.5
28.1
15.4
12.1
26.2
41.1
18.9
9.1
134.2

1,596.4
10.3
17.8
138.5
27.4
14.7
24.9
31.0
31.3
218.0
56.6
101.5
25.5
275.9
28.2
15.6
12.3
26.5
41.9
18.9

6.1

6.3

6.3

11.4
11.6
6.5
15.5
12.8

11.4
12.0
6.8
15.1
12.9

11.5
12.1
6.8
15.1
12.9

298.0
59.3
197.1

183.2
20.1
117.4

184.6
20.1
119.9

185.7
20.4
120.6

93.2

49.5

49.5

8.7

7.9

15.5
28.6
44.1

157.1
9.9
36.8
5.8
115.4

158.1
9.9
37.3
5.8
116.4

2.4
3.6
5.8
5.1
3.9
1.7

4.7
2.7
3.7
6.1
5.4
4.0
1.7

4.7
2.7
3.7
6.1
5.4
4.0
1.7

47.5
2.6

51.0
2.9

50.9

1.7
3.9
1.5
6.4

1.8
4.0
1.5
6.7

2.9
1.8
4.0
1.4
6.7

2.2

2.3

2.3

16.1

2,614.3
20.2
28.0
191.2
40.3
14.3
29.6
16.6
49.1
598.3
60.3
212.0
20.2
625.1
28.2
13.1
22.5
37.1
35.9
23.3
12.2
225.5
12.4
14.7
23.5
10.2
30.7
16.0

56.8

288.5
57.4
188.7

295.9
58.9
195.2

8.9

9.1

7.8

7.9

30.7

31.0

16.5

16.7

51.1
8.0
16.9

1,092.9
9.0
21.8
10.7
29.3
202.3
457.1
147.1
42.6

1,101.8
9.0
21.9
10.7
29.7
204.3
459.6
148.2
43.0

618.6
5.8
27.0
6.2
13.3
144.9
182.9
103.6
17.9

622.4
5.8
27.3
6.1
13.5
145.8
187.8
106.8
17.7

628.7
5.9
28.4
6.1
13.5
146.7
189.1
107.0
18.0

741.3
412.5
58.1
71.2

751.2
416.3
59.0
72.3

479.9
188.2
32.6
49.8

483.6
193.2
32.5
50.2

488.4
193.0
32.8
50.4

2.0
3.7
2.7

6.2
155.0
9.9
35.7
6.4

111.8
4.2

2.8
6.1

6.2

56.6

296

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden ....

56.6
4.6

4.5

4.6

46.1

46.3

46.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier....
Burlington

12.4

12.3
2.5

12.4
2.5

5.4

5.4

90.5
8.9
30.1
1,067.5

2.4
5.1

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

181.9

184.3

185.3

1.2
4.7
1.4
4.3

1.2
4.7
1.4
4.3

1.2
4.7
1.5
4.2

34.5
60.2
47.6
10.2

34.4
60.4
49.5
10.1

34.6
60.5
49.9
10.1

21.1
10.3
28.4
201.9
432.5
145.2
42.3

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma

137.0
84.1
10.9
12.6

137.6
84.5
11.0
12.6

138.0
84.7
11.1
12.7

725.3
4030
57.9
68.7

See footnotes at end of table.




94

8.4

93.3

9.2

136.1

9.1

134.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington- Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

February
2000

March
2000P

February
2000

21.4
2.1
1.0
.3
1.6

714.2
133.0
122.6
68.5
66.2

715.5
132.9
123.1
68.9
65.6

724.6
133.9
123.7
69.5
67.0

2,718.2
197.5
75.1
141.1
70.0
53.9
70.3
277.0
848.1
80.6
60.0
66.9

2,745.1
204.4
77.3
147.8
68.9
55.3
69.9
282.4
861.9
79.6
61.3
69.5

2,764.3
205.7
77.9
148.5
69.2
55.2
68.9
284.0
866.5
80.4
61.6
69.7

224.1
31.0

225.1
31.0

226.2
31.2

1,000.0
69.6
70.6
77.1
625.2

988.8
69.6
66.7
77.4
620.6

986.6
70.1
65.2
77.2
619.9

(1)
(1)
(1)

2

2

(M

41.7

( )

( )

See footnotes at end of table.




March
1999

95

0)
(1)
(1)
15.0
1.6

30.3
6.2
5.6
3.8
2.5

2.2

105.1
10.4
2.6
6.8
2.7
2.2
2.4
12.4
29.3
3.1
2.4
2.9

105.9
12.2
2.6
6.8
2.9
2.2
2.4
12.7
32.0
2.8
2.5
3.1

109.1
12.3
2.8
7.1
2.9
2.3
2.5
13.2
32.8
2.8
2.5
3.1

15.3
1.7

14.9
1.9

15.0
1.7

15.4
1.8

1.5

66.8
3.6
4.9
6.2
45.5

70.1
4.5
4.5
7.2
45.8

69.8
4.4
4.1
7.0
46.1

(M

15.2
1.7

1.4

1.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

.7

(1)
(1)
(1)
.7

.8
1

( )

March
2000P

28.4
5.7
5.6
3.6
2.3

(1)
(1)
( )
(1)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

(M
(1)
1
(1 )
(1)
()
<;>
(1)

February
2000

29.0
6.0
4.8
3.6
2.1

2.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

March
1999

20.8
2.0
1.1
.3
1.5

20.8
2.0
1.0
.3
1.5

2.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

March
2000P

1

( )

1.6

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

February
2000

March
2000P

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

81.2
10.3
15.9
12.8
6.0

82.0
10.4
15.1
12.6
5.9

81.7
10.3
14.6
12.5
5.8

37.8
9.2
6.7
2.6
2.5

37.8
9.6
6.9
2.7
2.4

37.8
9.4
6.9
2.7
2.6

158.9
30.9
30.7
17.0
16.5

158.7
30.0
30.4
17.8
16.7

160.5
30.1
30.5
18.0
17.0

613.1
59.5
14.1
29.1
20.3
12.3
11.8
29.6
175.6
24.8
25.3
18.6

610.1
60.0
13.6
29.8
19.1
12.0
11.1
31.0
172.4
23.8
26.4
18.8

609.9
59.8
13.6
29.8
18.9
11.9
11.2
31.0
172.4
23.9
26.5
18.8

127.7
8.3
3.5
10.3
3.1
1.9
3.4
9.3
40.0
2.4
1.5
3.4

128.4
8.8
3.5
10.9
3.4
2.0
3.4
9.4
39.7
2.2
1.4
3.4

130.2
9.0
3.5
11.0
3.4
2.0
3.5
9.5
40.5
2.2
1.4
3.4

607.0
41.1
19.8
32.2
16.3
13.2
17.9
58.7
181.6
16.8
10.5
16.4

615.7
42.0
20.9
33.6
16.4
14.2
17.9
59.6
184.9
16.9
10.6
17.4

621.7
42.3
21.2
33.9
16.7
14.2
17.9
59.6
185.9
17.1
10.6
17.5

10.7
1.5

11.0
1.5

10.8
1.5

14.1
1.7

13.8
1.5

13.8
1.5

51.0
8.2

51.2
8.5

50.9
8.5

143.3
14.6
16.1
9.2
66.3

141.5
14.1
14.5
9.0
66.2

139.7
14.0
13.4
8.9
66.1

28.3
1.2
.8
2.2
20.5

33.3
1.6
1.3
2.4
24.2

33.2
1.6
1.3
2.4
24.1

204.1
16.3
12.3
13.6
133.5

206.9
16.5
12.4
14.6
135.1

205.9
16.5
12.3
14.4
134.3

2.4

(2)

(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




March
1999

96

2.4

(2)

(2)

9.2

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
March
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico

Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

February
2000

March
2000P

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

29.8
8.1
4.6
2.6
2.8

29.5
7.7
5.2
2.6
2.8

29.5
7.7
5.1
2.6
2.8

213.8
42.1
36.9
20.2
24.3

219.4
42.6
37.5
19.6
24.3

220.5
43.0
37.6
19.8
24.7

142.3
24.3
22.0

144.3

148.1

148.2

9.3
2.4

9.5
2.4

9.5
2.4

13.3
1.8
1.5
2.6
23.3
60.0
2.4
2.2
5.2

13.2
1.8
1.5
2.7
23.3
60.1
2.3
2.2
5.2

272.2
21.6
11.7
12.9

728.3
48.3
21.8
36.5
16.6
14.6
21.7
72.6
279.9
22.0
11.6
13.8

732.9
48.7
22.0
36.4
16.8
14.5
21.6
73.3
281.4
22.3
11.7
13.9

404.0
23.3
12.2

11.2
1.8
1.6
2.6
22.7
57.8
2.3
2.2
5.1

714.7
45.5
20.5
35.1
17.1
14.2
21.6
70.4

7.9
1.2

8.0
1.2

7.9
1.2

50.0
9.3

50.1
9.1

48.2
1.8
2.1
2.2
38.1

49.0
1.7
2.0
2.3

48.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
38.0

208.6
13.5
12.6
18.4
137.6

209.8
13.1
12.3
17.8

38.6

1.9

10.8

1

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.

139.0

9.4
10.4

February
2000

138.9

24.9
21.4
9.7
9.7

March
2000P

143.5
25.3
22.3
9.8
10.1

406.4
23.5
12.6
16.9
8.8
8.9

410.2

10.6
73.8
91.7
9.5
6.5
7.6

10.7
73.7
9.5
6.6
7.8

9.5
74.1
93.4
9.7
6.7
7.7

50.7
9.2

60.5
5.6

60.8
5.8

61.4
5.8

210.5
13.6
12.2
17.9
138.8

299.3
18.6
21.8
25.3
183.0

276.7
18.1
19.7
24.1
170.9

277.5
18.2
19.9
24.3

16.4
8.8
8.5

93.1

24.1

12.4
17.2
8.9
8.8

171.8

13.4

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

2




March
1999

97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

34.2

Total private

Mar.
1999

34.3

34.2

34.2

34.6

40.5

Goods-producing

40.9

40.9
43.9

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

4.6
4.8

41.1

42.2

Mining

40.8

Mar.
1999

44.7

43.3

44.2

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

43.5
46.0
43.8

44.3
45.1
47.0

43.5
43.7
46.6

43.5
43.6
46.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.2
45.3

44.7
44.7

45.1
45.2

44.2
44.4

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

40.3
39.4
40.8

41.4
39.9
42.2

43.9
41.6
45.1

43.5
41.5
44.6

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

44.2
45.8

46.3
48.8

44.4
45.7

45.2
47.2

37.7

38.6

38.6

38.8

15
152
153
154

37.4
36.1
38.6
38.7

38.1
36.8
38.6
39.4

37.7
36.1
36.2
39.4

38.0
36.6
37.2
39.4

16
161
162

40.3
39.1
40.7

41.9
41.5
42.1

42.4
41.2
42.8

41.9
41.4
42.1

17
171
172
173

37.3
38.5
36.0
39.2
35.3
36.3
31.8

38.0
39.2
37.1
39.7
36.1
36.9
34.1

38.1
39.0
36.9
39.6
36.3
36.6
33.5

38.4
39.1
37.1
39.7
36.5
36.7
34.6

41.6
42.2
41.2
40.3
42.4
42.9
41.1
42.0
41.2
42.2
42.4
42.8
39.1
38.8
38.9
40.2

41.5
42.1
40.4
41.9
42.6
43.2
40.8
40.3
39.7
40.6
42.3
40.9
39.4
35.6
35.2
40.3

41.5
42.2
40.4
41.3
42.5
43.2
40.5
40.1
39.7
40.1
41.7
40.5
39.0
36.8
36.4
40.6

41.7
42.4
41.0

249

41.4
42.0
40.8
40.6
42.2
42.9
40.3
41.5
40.7
41.4
42.4
43.9
39.0
37.8
38.1
40.2

4.4
4.5
4.2
5.0
5.1
5.5
3.5
4.5
3.4
4.9
5.4
6.4
3.5
2.3
2.4
3.4

4.5
4.6
4.5
5.0
5.2
5.6
3.7
5.0
3.8
5.6
5.1
6.1
3.4
2.5
2.4
3.5

4.5
4.7
3.9
5.0
5.1
5.8
2.8
3.6
2.9
3.7
5.3
5.1
3.6
1.6
1.5
3.6

4.5
4.7
3.8
4.6
5.0
5.7
2.7
3.6
3.1
3.5
4.9
5.4
3.2
1.6
1.5
3.8

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.0
39.4
39.0
39.9
41.0
39.6
41.2
39.7
41.8
38.6

40.2
39.5
39.6
39.4
42.1
38.3
41.6
39.7
41.9
39.9

39.8
39.6
39.8
38.9
42.0
39.9
40.8
40.1
41.0
36.6

40.0
39.8
39.6
39.7
41.2
40.3
41.2
40.0
41.4
37.2

40.1

3.6
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.1
4.5
3.4

3.5
3.1
3.2
2.7
4.3
3.5
3.8
4.3
4.4
3.7

3.4
3.3
3.4
2.7
4.0
3.4
3.3
4.0
4.0
2.1

3.5
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.4
2.4

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

174

175
176

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451

See footnotes at end of table.




98

39.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

$13.16

$13.58

$13.60

$13.71

$448.70

$451.39

$464.44

$465.12

$474.37

14.64

15.04

15.12

15.24

588.47

598.78

613.63

618.41

626.36

17.01

Mining

Feb.
2000

14.53

Goods-producing

Apr.
1999

$13.12

Total private

Mar.
1999

16.93

17.13

17.17

17.22

717.82

733.07

757.15

753.76

769.73

18.10
20.05
16.42

18.73
20.10
16.68

18.93
20.13
16.92

791.70
923.68
714.82

801.83
904.26
771.74

814.76
878.37
777.29

823.46
877.67
781.70

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

18.20
20.08
16.32

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

19.12
19.37

19.11
19.37

19.38
19.61

19.41
19.63

864.22
877.46

854.22
865.84

874.04
886.37

857.92
871.57

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

16.83
22.80
13.64

16.77
22.87
13.46

16.83
24.01
13.18

16.87
23.93
13.43

678.25
898.32
556.51

694.28
912.51
568.01

738.84
998.82
594.42

733.85
993.10
598.98

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

14.91
14.14

14.99
14.36

15.22
14.57

15.32
14.80

659.02
647.61

694.04
700.77

675.77
665.85

692.46
698.56

16.79

16.85

17.37

17.48

632.98

650.41

670.48

678.22

15
152
153
154

16.32
15.25
14.91
17.36

16.31
15.27
15.05
17.33

16.88
15.64
16.48
18.05

17.00
15.73
16.27
18.23

610.37
550.53
575.53
671.83

621.41
561.94
580.93
682.80

636.38
564.60
596.58
711.17

646.00
575.72
605.24
718.26

16
161
162

16.03
15.61
16.17

16.34
16.21
16.39

16.49
15.94
16.67

16.61
16.26
16.72

646.01
610.35
658.12

684.65
672.72
690.02

699.18
656.73
713.48

695.96
673.16
703.91

17
171
173
174
175
176

17.12
17.44
15.43
18.70
16.80
17.05
14.79

17.16
17.46
15.42
18.76
16.91
17.13
14.94

17.72
18.08
15.62
19.44
17.17
17.81
15.52

17.84
18.28
15.78
19.62
17.36
17.84
15.65

638.58
671.44
555.48
733.04
593.04
618.92
470.32

652.08
684.43
572.08
744.77
610.45
632.10
509.45

675.13
705.12
576.38
769.82
623.27
651.85
519.92

685.06
714.75
585.44
778.91
633.64
654.73
541.49

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

13.73
14.20
11.31
12.80
11.36
11.81
9.71
11.46
11.31
11.63
10.29
13.62
9.04
11.49
11.65
10.71

13.80
14.27
11.37
12.94
11.33
11.79
9.66
11.53
11.49
11.67
10.29
13.78
9.12
11.57
11.76
10.86

14.19
14.73
11.62
13.24
11.67
12.17
9.90
11.76
11.79
11.74
10.67
14.20
9.47
11.68
11.81
10.91

14.22
14.76
11.62
13.27
11.62
12.09
9.94
11.81
11.80
11.80
10.68
14.35
9.38
11.66
11.81
10.97

14.30
14.83
11.72

568.42
596.40
461.45
519.68
479.39
506.65
391.31
475.59
460.32
481.48
436.30
597.92
352.56
434.32
443.87
430.54

574.08
602.19
468.44
521.48
480.39
505.79
397.03
484.26
473.39
492.47
436.30
589.78
356.59
448.92
457.46
436.57

588.89
620.13
469.45
554.76
497.14
525.74
403.92
473.93
468.06
476.64
451.34
580.78
373.12
415.81
415.71
439.67

590.13
622.87
469.45
548.05
493.85
522.29
402.57
473.58
468.46
473.18
445.36
581.18
365.82
429.09
429.88
445.38

596.31
628.79
480.52

11.10
10.55
10.05
11.43
9.66
11.21
11.73
12.53
11.66
11.21

11.14
10.61
10.14
11.43
9.69
11.40
11.79
12.48
11.70
11.26

11.50
10.90
10.44
11.72
10.04
11.48
12.44
12.75
12.18
11.63

11.57
10.91
10.40
11.81
9.90
11.43
12.64
12.86
12.39
11.64

11.61

444.00
415.67
391.95
456.06
396.06
443.92
483.28
497.44
487.39
432.71

447.83
419.10
401.54
450.34
407.95
436.62
490.46
495.46
490.23
449.27

457.70
431.64
415.51
455.91
421.68
458.05
507.55
511.28
499.38
425.66

462.80
434.22
411.84
468.86
407.88
460.63
520.77
514.40
512.95
433.01

465.56

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

172

25
251

2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

See footnotes at end of table.




99

17.60

688.16

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471

3479
348
3483
349

3494
3496

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

42.2
41.1
42.4
43.8
41.5
41.4
46.3
41.6
41.7
42.5
44.6
43.6
40.4
42.6
42.2
46.4

43.2
42.0
42.3
44.2
41.2
42.4
44.9
42.9
41.7
44.2
47.1
44.1
43.3
43.2
42.4
48.5

42.4
42.3
42.0
42.8
41.6
42.8
44.5
42.0
41.1
42.4
45.2
43.3
40.8
43.1
43.3
47.8

42.5
41.7
41.8
42.4
41.5
42.4
43.8
42.3
41.1
42.8
46.7
43.3
41.4
43.0
42.9
46.7

43.9
43.9
43.8
44.9
44.2
45.5
43.5
42.1
44.0
43.9
44.0
43.2
43.4
44.3
43.1
43.8

44.1
44.6
44.8
45.1
44.4
46.1
42.1
42.0
43.9
44.5
43.7
43.3
43.7
43.6
43.6
45.1

44.4
45.3
45.6
45.3
45.0
46.8
42.3
41.5
43.6
43.5
44.0
43.7
43.9
43.4
42.7
43.3

41.8
43.6
43.5
41.4
42.7
41.2
41.9
41.6
40.0
41.5
43.0
40.2
42.7
41.0
40.7
42.7
41.1
44.6
42.9
42.4
43.9
41.4
41.1
40.8
41.6
41.2
42.3
41.3
40.7
40.0

42.1
44.0
44.1
41.7
43.0
41.6
42.5
42.9
40.8
41.7
42.7
40.8
42.3
41.3
41.2
42.4
41.1
43.9
43.3
40.9
44.8
41.7
41.6
40.8
43.0
41.6
42.6
41.6
41.3
40.6

42.2
44.4
44.9
42.5
43.2
42.3
42.2
40.3
41.0
41.7
42.9
39.7
43.2
41.2
41.5
43.0
42.3
43.8
43.1
43.8
43.9
41.8
41.9
41.5
42.6
41.4
43.1
41.6
41.3
41.3

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

100

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

43.1

5.6
5.4
5.1
6.2
4.4
4.2
7.6
4.9
5.3
6.4
7.5
6.7
5.5
5.3
3.0
8.3

6.1
5.5
5.2
6.8
4.2
4.6
6.9
5.3
4.9
7.4
9.1
7.1
7.0
5.4
3.2
10.5

5.6
5.1
5.0
5.6
4.6
4.5
6.6
4.9
4.5
6.6
8.3
6.7
6.1
5.2
3.1
9.5

5.7
4.9
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.1
6.3
5.0
5.0
6.7
9.2
6.5
6.3
5.3
3.3
9.0

44.3
44.9
45.2
45.4
44.9
46.5
40.3
42.1
44.2
44.0
44.0
43.2
44.2
43.5
43.0
43.8

44.4
44.9

6.1
5.6
5.7
5.8
6.3
7.5
6.7
4.7
6.4
6.9
7.5
7.8
9.4
7.4
4.9
5.3

6.3
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.7
8.0
5.8
5.0
6.3
6.7
7.3
7.7
9.6
6.9
5.3
6.0

6.7
6.9
7.3
6.4
6.7
8.0
6.5
4.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.3
9.2
7.6
4.9
4.7

6.7
6.8
7.1
6.8
6.8
8.1
5.2
4.1
7.0
7.3
7.5
7.9
9.5
7.5
5.0
5.0

42.1
43.5
43.6
42.3
43.0
42.1
42.2
40.6
40.8
41.7
42.6
40.0
43.0
41.2
41.7
42.7
42.2
43.3
43.1
43.4
43.8
42.0
42.4
41.8
43.3
41.2
42.4
41.4
42.0
41.6

42.4

4.5
6.7
6.6
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.9
2.5
4.3
5.5
3.2
5.1
3.8
3.8
5.0
4.2
6.0
5.1
5.0
5.4
4.3
4.7
4.6
4.8
3.7
3.4
3.9
3.0
3.4

4.5
7.0
6.9
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.4
2.9
4.3
5.6
3.2
4.6
3.9
3.8
4.9
4.1
5.8
5.2
3.8
5.9
4.3
4.9
4.6
5.5
3.5
2.9
4.0
3.5
3.6

4.6
6.2
6.2
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.1
3.1
3.3
4.2
5.5
2.5
5.2
3.9
3.8
5.4
5.0
5.8
5.3
5.5
5.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.9
3.9
2.7
4.2
3.8
3.9

4.6
5.9
5.8
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.3
3.5
2.9
4.3
5.4
2.7
5.0
4.0
4.4
5.2
4.9
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.8
4.6
5.0
4.7
5.5
3.6
2.6
4.1
4.1
3.9

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347

3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494

3496

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

$13.70
17.77
15.54
16.59
14.88
12.47
19.32
12.27
12.06
13.13
12.76
11.86
13.97
14.01
12.82
14.67

$13.75
17.75
15.64
17.11
14.74
12.52
19.40
12.33
12.08
13.27
12.93
11.87
14.14
13.94
12.88
14.53

$14.00
19.09
15.83
16.91
15.22
12.65
19.47
12.52
11.89
13.46
13.14
12.13
14.37
14.42
13.58
14.66

$14.06
18.96
15.87
16.95
15.26
12.63
19.67
12.53
12.06
13.56
13.22
12.26
14.41
14.53
13.64
15.12

$14.23

$578.14
730.35
658.90
726.64
617.52
516.26
894.52
510.43
502.90
558.03
569.10
517.10
564.39
596.83
541.00
680.69

$594.00
745.50
661.57
756.26
607.29
530.85
871.06
528.96
503.74
586.53
609.00
523.47
612.26
602.21
546.11
704.71

$593.60
807.51
664.86
723.75
633.15
541.42
866.42
525.84
488.68
570.70
593.93
525.23
586.30
621.50
588.01
700.75

$597.55
790.63
663.37
718.68
633.29
535.51
861.55
530.02
495.67
580.37
617.37
530.86
596.57
624.79
585.16
706.10

$613.31

15.53
18.56
20.34
13.84
14.28
14.84
14.42
13.60
17.07
17.06
14.34
15.51
17.11
13.91
12.55
11.94

15.62
18.59
20.30
14.13
14.55
15.16
14.74
13.79
17.06
16.87
14.35
15.45
16.83
14.07
12.61
12.00

16.30
19.40
21.28
14.34
15.25
16.13
15.19
14.00
17.86
17.88
14.81
16.12
17.04
14.55
13.25
12.75

16.36
19.59
21.50
14.55
15.18
16.08
15.59
13.78
18.08
18.03
14.82
16.08
17.07
14.49
13.27
12.65

16.55
19.86

681.77
814.78
890.89
621.42
631.18
675.22
627.27
572.56
751.08
748.93
630.96
670.03
742.57
616.21
540.91
522.97

688.84
829.11
909.44
637.26
646.02
698.88
620.55
579.18
748.93
750.72
627.10
668.99
735.47
613.45
549.80
541.20

723.72
878.82
970.37
649.60
686.25
754.88
642.54
581.00
778.70
777.78
651.64
704.44
748.06
631.47
565.78
552.08

724.75
879.59
971.80
660.57
681.58
747.72
628.28
580.14
799.14
793.32
652.08
694.66
754.49
630.32
570.61
554.07

734.82
891.71

13.33
16.76
17.80
12.41
12.57
12.36
11.89
11.59
12.20
12.80
13.07
10.81
14.08
13.16
12.18
13.77
12.85
14.74
15.48
14.87
17.49
12.99
11.45
11.30
11.69
15.51
16.62
12.77
12.84
11.33

13.36
16.78
17.80
12.47
12.71
12.40
11.93
11.60
12.17
12.80
13.06
10.81
14.12
13.18
12.04
13.76
12.95
14.62
15.60
14.80
17.69
13.09
11.47
11.36
11.65
15.12
16.09
12.82
13.01
11.29

13.65
16.82
17.78
12.45
12.99
12.13
12.23
12.01
12.56
13.16
13.53
11.02
14.38
13.65
12.82
14.12
13.46
14.83
15.88
15.25
17.81
13.54
11.84
11.72
12.04
15.61
16.71
13.14
13.35
11.56

13.67
16.85
17.85
12.51
13.00
12.21
12.19
11.88
12.59
13.20
13.57
11.01
14.38
13.70
12.99
14.20
13.48
14.99
15.93
15.38
17.89
13.58
11.82
11.75
11.92
15.46
16.75
13.13
13.37
11.51

13.69

557.19
730.74
774.30
513.77
536.74
509.23
498.19
482.14
48800
531.20
562.01
434.56
601.22
539.56
495.73
587.98
528.14
657.40
664.09
630.49
767.81
537.79
470.60
461.04
486.30
639.01
703.03
527.40
522.59
453.20

562.46
738.32
784.98
520.00
546.53
515.84
507.03
497.64
496.54
533.76
557.66
441.05
597.28
544.33
496.05
583.42
532.25
641.82
675.48
605.32
792.51
545.85
477.15
463.49
500.95
628.99
685.43
533.31
537.31
458.37

576.03
746.81
798.32
529.13
561.17
513.10
516.11
484.00
514.96
548.77
580.44
437.49
621.22
562.38
532.03
607.16
569.36
649.55
684.43
667.95
781.86
565.97
496.10
486.38
512.90
646.25
720.20
546.62
551.36
477.43

575.51
732.98
778.26
529.17
559.00
514.04
514.42
482.33
513.67
550.44
578.08
440.40
618.34
564.44
541.68
606.34
568.86
649.07
686.58
667.49
783.58
570.36
501.17
491.15
516.14
636.95
710.20
543.58
561.54
478.82

580.46

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511

3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356

3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359

3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362

3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367

3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

42.1
44.7
44.3
44.8
41.5
41.4
42.6
43.5
39.9
42.8
41.4
41.5
42.8
42.8
43.1
43.4
41.5
40.7
41.8
39.4
41.1
41.8
41.6
40.6
41.6
44.0
41.5
41.7
40.6
40.9
40.8

42.2
44.4
44.9
44.2
41.6
41.7
42.5
43.3
39.8
43.6
41.1
41.4
42.8
42.6
43.3
43.5
41.8
41.8
41.7
39.7
41.1
42.3
41.7
40.9
42.0
43.2
42.0
41.7
41.2
40.5
40.4

42.4
43.3
46.3
42.4
42.3
42.9
43.9
45.0
40.5
45.6
43.0
42.6
43.1
43.4
45.3
44.0
41.8
39.3
42.7
41.5
41.6
42.3
42.6
41.3
43.4
43.3
42.8
42.2
42.7
38.6
37.6

42.5
42.5
46.1
41.5
42.4
43.1
43.7
45.1
40.9
45.2
42.6
42.2
43.1
43.2
45.7
44.0
41.7
40.0
42.8
40.6
42.0
42.4
42.8
41.6
44.2
43.1
42.6
42.5
42.5
38.9
38.0

42.5

41.3
41.9
42.4
42.2
40.4
42.4

41.4
43.0
43.6
42.2
40.9
42.4

39.5
41.5
41.8
43.1
41.6
43.2

39.1
42.1
42.5
43.0
41.1
43.1

40.8
40.4
42.1
39.0
40.9
41.1
40.2
40.7
41.3
39.2
41.1
41.1
42.9
40.2
41.3
39.8
38.4
38.1
40.2
42.0
41.2
42.5
41.5
41.1
41.2
40.7
41.8

41.1
41.1
42.7
39.7
41.3
41.8
40.3
40.1
40.9
39.7
40.4
41.6
42.3
40.7
41.4
39.6
38.6
39.3
41.2
42.9
41.2
42.9
41.7
41.0
41.9
40.6
43.3

41.4
42.5
42.7
42.2
41.5
41.4
41.5
40.0
39.7
38.9
39.7
41.8
44.0
41.9
42.2
38.7
39.3
39.6
41.6
42.1
41.7
43.1
42.8
40.2
41.7
40.5
42.7

41.7
43.0
43.5
42.6
42.0
42.3
41.2
40.9
40.8
40.3
40.1
42.1
43.9
42.1
41.2
40.3
39.8
39.5
42.2
42.8
41.8
41.7
42.3
40.6
41.0
39.9
41.8

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

102

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

4.8
7.0
5.6
7.4
3.5
3.5
5.0
5.5
2.7
6.8
3.8
3.5
5.5
4.7
5.5
6.2
4.3
3.5
4.5
3.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.4
4.6
5.2
2.9
4.9
4.2
3.6
4.0

4.7
6.6
5.5
6.9
3.3
3.5
4.9
5.3
2.0
7.5
3.9
3.2
5.4
4.3
5.9
6.1
4.2
3.7
4.4
3.4
3.9
4.4
4.3
3.7
5.2
5.1
3.0
4.7
4.9
3.1
3.2

5.0
5.5
6.6
5.2
4.3
5.0
5.5
5.9
3.8
8.1
5.2
3.8
6.0
5.3
6.4
6.6
4.9
4.1
4.9
3.5
4.6
4.3
4.8
3.8
6.4
4.4
4.1
4.9
5.9
2.5
1.6

5.0
5.2
6.8
4.7
4.3
5.1
5.4
6.1
4.1
8.2
4.7
3.5
6.1
5.3
6.8
6.7
5.0
4.2
5.0
3.2
5.1
4.2
4.8
3.5
7.0
5.0
4.0
4.8
5.0
2.6
1.5

3.8
4.7
5.3
5.0
5.4
5.1

41.8

Mar.
1999

4.4
5.5
6.2
4.9
5.7
5.0

4.8
4.4
4.8
5.6
5.8
5.7

4.9
4.5
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.5

3.6
3.8
3.4
4.1
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.1
1.9
3.8
2.2
4.1
5.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
2.6
3.2
3.9
2.9
4.3
3.5
3.9
3.4
4.7

3.6
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.5
3.6
3.0
2.1
1.8
3.8
1.4
4.3
5.3
3.9
3.9
3.1
4.7
3.6
2.8
3.4
3.8
3.2
4.3
3.6
4.1
3.5
5.2

3.9
4.9
4.1
5.8
3.9
3.7
4.3
1.9
0.6
0.4
2.3
4.3
5.2
4.7
4.6
1.9
4.5
3.6
3.4
4.2
4.2
3.1
5.2
3.3
4.2
4.0
5.0

4.0
4.9
4.5
5.3
4.0
4.0
4.1
1.8
0.5
2.1
2.0
4.3
5.2
4.6
4.2
2.3
4.5
3.4
3.8
4.8
4.4
2.5
5.2
3.4
4.0
3.9
4.6

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

$14.81
18.10
20.23
17.42
13.48
14.48
14.01
14.13
14.44
14.46
14.18
12.95
15.81
15.66
16.23
16.50
13.94
12.63
15.47
13.46
16.11
15.18
14.21
15.06
14.80
14.46
11.73
15.62
13.99
15.89
17.82

$14.85
18.14
20.46
17.40
13.43
14.36
14.05
14.16
14.35
14.55
14.34
12.85
15.81
15.64
16.39
16.51
13.94
12.70
15.51
13.33
15.86
15.20
14.32
15.16
15.21
14.52
11.70
15.69
14.22
16.01
17.96

$15.40
17.57
21.80
16.28
14.43
15.48
14.61
14.81
15.11
15.25
14.64
13.37
16.29
16.17
16.69
16.99
14.46
13.60
16.14
14.13
16.48
15.61
14.61
15.36
15.36
15.06
12.21
16.78
14.61
17.51
19.66

$15.42
17.66
21.90
16.30
14.39
15.49
14.59
14.90
14.90
15.16
14.52
13.34
16.30
16.21
16.88
16.97
14.44
13.59
16.27
14.20
16.84
15.43
14.58
15.38
15.32
15.04
12.29
16.71
14.45
17.65
19.80

$15.44

$623.50
809.07
896.19
780.42
559.42
599.47
596.83
614.66
576.16
618.89
587.05
537.43
676.67
670.25
699.51
716.10
578.51
514.04
646.65
530.32
662.12
634.52
591.14
611.44
615.68
636.24
486.80
651.35
567.99
649.90
727.06

$626.67
805.42
918.65
769.08
558.69
598.81
597.13
613.13
571.13
634.38
589.37
531.99
676.67
666.26
709.69
718.19
582.69
530.86
646.77
529.20
651.85
642.96
597.14
620.04
638.82
627.26
491.40
654.27
585.86
648.41
725.58

$652.96
760.78
1,009.34
690.27
610.39
664.09
641.38
666.45
611.96
695.40
629.52
569.56
702.10
701.78
756.06
747.56
604.43
534.48
689.18
586.40
685.57
660.30
622.39
634.37
666.62
652.10
522.59
708.12
623.85
675.89
739.22

$655.35
750.55
1,009.59
676.45
610.14
667.62
637.58
671.99
609.41
685.23
618.55
562.95
702.53
700.27
771.42
746.68
602.15
543.60
696.36
576.52
707.28
654.23
624.02
639.81
677.14
648.22
523.55
710.18
614.13
686.59
752.40

$656.20

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

14.48
13.40
13.75
14.36
14.83
14.23

14.48
13.54
13.89
14.35
14.79
14.22

14.05
13.34
13.50
15.07
15.42
15.00

14.16
13.39
13.54
15.10
15.38
15.03

598.02
561.46
583.00
605.99
599.13
603.35

599.47
582.22
605.60
605.57
604.91
602.93

554.98
553.61
564.30
649.52
641.47
648.00

553.66
563.72
575.45
649.30
632.12
647.79

36
361
3612

13.27
13.13
12.07
14.11
12.85
11.75
14.76
12.76
14.88
14.01
11.08
12.81
17.49
13.18
12.15
9.50
12.12
11.92
14.03
14.69
13.49
14.69
17.93
11.07
13.68
15.07
13.65

13.31
13.08
12.10
13.98
12.94
11.81
14.74
12.80
14.54
13.95
11.07
12.88
17.64
13.21
12.25
9.81
12.22
12.05
13.94
14.64
13.60
14.67
18.14
11.16
13.49
15.22
13.32

13.70
13.17
11.96
14.34
13.19
12.07
14.99
13.56
16.14
13.43
11.49
13.33
17.78
13.47
12.46
9.77
12.56
12.50
14.20
14.89
13.96
14.09
19.23
11.39
14.09
15.30
14.07

13.68
13.17
11.97
14.34
13.10
11.99
14.97
13.61
16.21
13.59
11.49
13.32
18.12
13.40
12.63
9.69
12.55
12.54
14.20
14.98
13.93
14.15
19.02
11.37
14.09
15.44
13.84

541.42
530.45
508.15
550.29
525.57
482.93
593.35
519.33
614.54
549.19
455.39
526.49
750.32
529.84
501.80
378.10
465.41
454.15
564.01
616.98
555.79
624.33
744.10
454.98
563.62
613.35
570.57

547.04
537.59
516.67
555.01
534.42
493.66
594.02
513.28
594.69
553.82
447.23
535.81
746.17
537.65
507.15
388.48
471.69
473.57
574.33
628.06
560.32
629.34
756.44
457.56
565.23
617.93
576.76

567.18
559.73
510.69
605.15
547.39
499.70
622.09
542.40
640.76
522.43
456.15
557.19
782.32
564.39
525.81
378.10
493.61
495.00
590.72
626.87
582.13
607.28
823.04
457.88
587.55
619.65
600.79

570.46
566.31
520.70
610.88
550.20
507.18
616.76
556.65
661.37
547.68
460.75
560.77
795.47
564.14
520.36
390.51
499.49
495.33
599.24
641.14
582.27
590.06
804.55
461.62
577.69
616.06
578.51

35
351
3511

3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564

3566
3568
357
3571

3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364

3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651

366
3661
367
3671
3674

3679
369
3691
3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

103

13.78

576.00

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911

3841
3842
385
386
387

393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
20
201

2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

2041
2048

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

43.9
45.1
45.1
43.9
45.5
41.9
42.9
42.3
44.1
42.8
40.9
41.6
39.8
41.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
39.8

44.2
45.6
45.9
44.6
45.9
43.1
42.5
42.2
43.9
42.1
41.1
41.1
41.1
41.9
41.6
40.6
41.8
40.6

44.0
45.0
45.5
44.3
45.2
42.4
43.3
43.1
45.7
42.0
40.8
41.1
40.3
41.8
41.1
40.8
41.2
40.1

43.9
45.0
46.1
44.2
45.0
41.8
43.2
42.9
45.8
42.0
40.1
40.2
40.1
42.2
40.8
40.3
40.5
40.2

41.4
41.5
41.3
42.5
40.4
41.0
41.3
41.4
41.4
41.6
42.3
40.4

41.5
41.8
41.3
43.5
40.3
40.4
41.3
41.2
41.1
41.9
42.9
40.4

41.3
40.8
41.6
43.0
41.0
41.5
41.3
41.5
40.2
40.4
41.7
40.0

40.0
38.2
37.3
39.8
41.6
37.8
43.1
38.9
38.1
37.2
40.1
40.4

39.9
38.3
37.4
40.0
41.1
37.3
42.6
38.9
37.8
36.1
40.2
40.4

41.1
41.0
43.7
42.4
38.9
42.4
42.8
41.9
40.2
40.8
38.7
40.9
43.3
44.0
42.0

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

44.1
45.5

5.3
6.0
6.0
4.7
6.3
3.3
4.6
4.0
5.8
4.5
4.4
5.1
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.5
2.2

5.6
6.6
6.7
5.7
7.0
3.7
4.2
3.9
5.1
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.3
4.0
2.7

5.6
6.3
6.2
5.2
6.8
3.8
4.9
4.6
6.4
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.7
3.1
2.2

5.7
6.5
6.5
5.3
6.9
3.2
5.0
4.6
6.6
4.4
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.5
3.7
3.4
3.0
2.2

41.2
41.1
41.6
43.5
40.5
41.2
40.9
41.0
40.0
40.0
42.3
37.9

41.2

3.2
3.1
3.1
4.3
3.0
2.5
3.4
3.8
3.5
2.3
2.9
1.9

3.1
3.3
3.1
5.0
3.0
2.1
3.2
3.4
3.1
3.1
2.8
1.3

3.4
2.7
3.7
4.7
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.0
2.7
1.7
3.4
3.0

3.4
3.0
3.9
5.0
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.7
2.6
1.5
3.7
2.5

39.3
38.3
37.1
39.1
39.4
38.0
39.9
39.4
37.7
35.4
39.8
40.0

39.5
38.6
37.6
39.4
39.8
38.4
40.4
39.7
37.2
34.6
39.9
40.1

39.5

3.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.7
1.7
4.6
2.7
1.9
1.4
3.2
3.5

3.1
2.5
2.4
2.3
3.3
1.4
4.1
2.6
1.6
0.5
3.4
3.7

2.5
1.9
1.7
2.8
2.5
1.3
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.4
2.7
3.0

2.5
2.1
2.0
2.9
2.5
0.9
3.1
2.2
1.6
0.5
2.8
3.3

40.7

40.6

40.6

40.8

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

41.2
41.2
43.1
43.1
39.5
42.6
43.2
42.0
40.3
40.7
39.1
40.5
43.7
43.9
42.1

40.9
40.9
42.5
42.2
39.6
41.5
40.7
41.9
40.1
43.0
39.2
38.6
45.1
45.4
42.9

40.9
40.9
43.2
41.5
39.2
42.0
42.4
41.7
39.5
40.3
39.1
38.4
44.5
45.2
42.7

41.0

4.9
4.9
6.6
6.1
3.5
5.1
4.7
4.8
4.5
5.1
3.3
4.7
6.5
6.3
6.5

4.9
5.0
6.4
6.4
3.6
5.3
5.2
4.7
4.8
5.1
4.3
5.0
6.3
6.4
6.2

4.8
4.8
5.3
6.3
3.9
4.8
4.0
4.9
4.5
6.1
4.2
4.2
7.0
6.8
6.3

4.6
4.5
5.6
5.8
3.4
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.1
6.1
4.1
3.9
6.2
6.5
5.7

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

40.6

37
371
3711

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

Average weekly hours

104

Apr.
2000P

4.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

$17.66
17.98
21.65
14.88
16.81
11.46
19.33
(2)
19.32
16.98
13.68
15.04
11.69
16.06
20.38
(2)
12.29
12.36

$17.88
18.31
21.94
15.17
17.19
11.50
19.34
(2)
19.31
17.04
13.61
15.05
11.80
16.19
20.13
(2)
12.48
12.54

$18.65
19.10
23.42
15.28
17.78
11.79
20.40
(2)
20.28
18.09
14.19
15.73
12.31
17.08
20.44
(2)
13.03
13.46

$18.77
19.23
23.46
15.46
17.89
11.82
20.53
(2)
20.54
18.25
14.21
15.68
12.41
17.23
20.59
(2)
13.13
13.65

$18.87
19.38

$775.27
810.90
976.42
653.23
764.86
480.17
829.26

$790.30
834.94
1,007.05
676.58
789.02
495.65
821.95

$820.60
859.50
1,065.61
676.90
803.66
499.90
883.32

$824.00
865.35
1,081.51
683.33
805.05
494.08
886.90

$832.17
881.79

852.01
726.74
559.51
625.66
465.26
666.49
855.96

847.71
717.38
559.37
618.56
484.98
678.36
837.41

926.80
759.78
578.95
646.50
496.09
713.94
840.08

940.73
766.50
569.82
630.34
497.64
727.11
840.07

507.58
491.93

521.66
509.12

536.84
539.75

531.77
548.73

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

13.97
17.62
14.17
12.07
14.46
16.30
12.81
12.17
12.12
10.58
16.92
10.66

14.07
17.67
14.23
12.16
14.44
16.46
12.92
12.19
12.11
10.59
17.17
10.59

14.41
17.39
14.59
11.94
14.68
17.14
13.12
12.55
12.40
10.96
18.52
11.45

14.42
17.14
14.63
11.91
14.68
17.10
13.16
12.58
12.41
10.92
18.43
11.73

14.47

578.36
731.23
585.22
512.98
584.18
668.30
529.05
503.84
501.77
440.13
715.72
430.66

583.91
738.61
587.70
528.96
581.93
664.98
533.60
502.23
497.72
443.72
736.59
427.84

595.13
709.51
606.94
513.42
601.88
711.31
541.86
520.83
498.48
442.78
772.28
458.00

594.10
704.45
608.61
518.09
594.54
704.52
538.24
515.78
496.40
436.80
779.59
444.57

596.16

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

11.19
11.77
11.68
11.78
10.67
10.27
10.81
11.37
10.01
9.04
11.39
12.18

11.25
11.82
11.71
11.75
10.75
10.34
10.89
11.56
10.05
8.96
11.45
12.31

11.55
12.34
12.12
12.45
10.99
10.87
11.04
11.66
10.59
9.46
11.66
12.73

11.57
12.33
12.05
12.30
11.05
10.94
11.09
11.76
10.60
9.41
11.66
12.72

11.63

447.60
449.61
435.66
468.84
443.87
388.21
465.91
442.29
381.38
336.29
456.74
492.07

448.88
452.71
437.95
470.00
441.83
385.68
463.91
449.68
379.89
323.46
460.29
497.32

453.92
472.62
449.65
486.80
433.01
413.06
440.50
459.40
399.24
334.88
464.07
509.20

457.02
475.94
453.08
484.62
439.79
420.10
448.04
466.87
394.32
325.59
465.23
510.07

459.39

13.03

13.09

13.37

13.40

13.49

529.02

532.76

542.82

544.04

550.39

11.93
9.77
10.52
11.07
8.79
13.90
12.76
14.60
11.59
14.88
12.96
10.82
14.83
13.19
12.30

12.07
9.85
10.70
11.08
8.84
13.95
12.83
14.62
11.72
15.58
13.04
10.84
14.95
13.18
12.25

12.24
10.12
10.82
11.43
9.17
14.27
12.77
15.00
11.96
15.69
13.16
11.18
15.08
13.40
12.61

12.29
10.11
10.86
11.33
9.12
14.25
12.90
15.08
11.99
15.39
13.38
11.42
14.95
13.32
12.58

12.42

490.32
400.57
459.72
469.37
341.93
589.36
546.13
611.74
465.92
607.10
501.55
442.54
642.14
580.36
516.60

497.28
405.82
461.17
477.55
349.18
594.27
554.26
614.04
472.32
634.11
509.86
439.02
653.32
578.60
515.73

500.62
413.91
459.85
482.35
363.13
592.21
519.74
628.50
479.60
674.67
515.87
431.55
680.11
608.36
540.97

502.66
413.50
469.15
470.20
357.50
598.50
546.96
628.84
473.61
620.22
523.16
438.53
665.28
602.06
537.17

509.22

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

205
2051

39.9
40.6

40.3
40.9

40.4
41.1

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

38.7
40.7
56.2
49.3
41.1
39.3
41.3
43.6
44.9
44.8
40.2

39.4
39.0
44.5
48.3
39.6
38.1
41.7
44.0
46.2
44.9
39.4

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

38.1
38.7

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Paperboard mills

Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

39.9
40.8

4.2
4.7

4.5
4.9

4.5
5.3

4.6
5.2

39.3
40.3
45.3
52.2
41.3
38.4
41.7
41.7
44.8
41.3
38.9

38.4
40.2
40.5
53.8
41.0
38.6
41.6
43.0
46.0
43.8
38.9

3.4
3.9
13.8
7.8
4.0
3.1
5.7
5.2
6.7
6.2
5.1

3.7
3.2
6.8
7.2
2.9
2.9
5.8
5.3
7.3
5.8
4.4

3.3
4.2
8.9
12.7
4.2
3.5
5.7
4.3
7.1
3.6
4.4

3.5
4.1
4.9
13.1
4.2
3.2
5.7
4.8
7.5
4.7
4.3

38.4
38.9

39.3
37.3

38.9
38.6

39.6

2.7
3.6

1.8
2.0

2.5
1.4

2.8
2.6

40.3
40.2
40.3
36.5
41.1
39.1
39.7
37.5
38.1
41.5
39.7
41.9
42.3
42.9
41.6
40.1
40.9
37.2
41.4

40.9
41.7
40.8
39.3
40.2
39.4
39.6
37.2
39.0
41.7
40.5
41.9
42.1
43.1
42.0
41.1
41.7
38.4
42.2

41.3
42.3
42.7
41.9
40.1
39.8
38.5
39.0
39.5
36.8
42.5
41.0
40.5
43.3
40.9
42.3
42.9
40.4
42.0

41.4
42.6
42.8
40.9
39.6
39.7
38.1
38.5
39.6
38.3
42.1
41.5
41.4
43.2
41.2
42.6
43.1
40.7
41.6

41.6

4.1
4.7
4.2
3.0
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.9
1.7
4.4
4.8
4.7
5.4
4.6
4.1
4.4
3.4
4.1

4.3
5.7
4.0
3.4
2.7
3.5
3.2
2.7
2.9
2.2
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.3
4.5
4.3
4.5
3.5
4.7

4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
3.1
4.0
3.2
3.7
3.5
1.2
6.1
4.5
4.2
5.2
3.6
5.0
5.3
4.0
4.3

4.4
5.3
4.7
3.8
3.2
4.0
3.1
3.5
3.7
1.4
5.9
4.9
5.0
5.2
3.6
5.0
5.2
4.0
4.0

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.4
36.8
35.9
35.1
35.8
35.8
37.0
34.6
38.4
36.7
37.1
36.1
35.9
36.5
35.4
37.2
36.9
39.5
37.4
39.4
41.5

37.6
36.4
35.7
34.8
34.8
36.9
36.8
35.8
37.7
36.5
36.8
35.8
36.0
35.2
36.3
37.9
37.1
40.4
38.0
39.9
42.1

37.6
37.0
36.6
36.0
36.1
36.8
36.8
36.5
39.3
37.1
36.2
35.3
36.8
31.3
39.4
39.0
37.0
39.3
36.1
40.1
40.4

37.7
37.0
36.7
35.3
36.7
37.0
36.8
35.8
38.9
36.7
36.5
36.4
37.1
34.6
38.8
38.6
37.7
39.5
36.9
40.2
40.8

37.8

2.3
0.8
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.1
2.8
2.7
4.6
1.8
3.8
2.2
3.8
4.4

2.3
0.7
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.6
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
2.1
2.7
3.9
1.7
3.9
2.8
3.6
4.1

2.4
1.0
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.9
1.9
3.3
2.1
1.6
1.9
2.3
0.9
3.9
3.6
1.7
3.6
1.1
3.8
4.7

2.5
1.0
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.2
3.3
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.2
1.2
3.0
2.7
2.0
3.7
1.5
4.3
4.5

26
262
263

43.4
45.3
44.4

43.6
45.8
44.4

43.0
45.3
43.5

42.9
44.4
44.5

43.1

5.4
6.8
7.2

5.6
7.1
7.5

5.2
7.0
6.7

5.3
6.5
7.3

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$517.50
527.80

$525.51
535.38

$517.93
537.59

$519.50
537.34

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$12.97
13.00

$13.04
13.09

$12.82
13.08

$13.02
13.17

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.92
13.43
11.94
17.82
14.82
12.63
13.09
16.01
23.54
13.30
10.76

12.95
13.68
11.42
17.70
14.55
12.95
13.27
16.25
23.80
13.35
11.05

12.33
14.23
12.93
20.49
14.20
13.66
13.40
16.13
23.45
13.16
11.14

12.75
14.39
12.15
21.31
15.00
13.60
13.56
16.24
23.66
13.38
11.24

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

19.33
24.48

19.99
24.29

17.40
24.26

18.83
25.05

$19.05

736.47
947.38

767.62
944.88

683.82
904.90

732.49
966.93

$754.38

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

10.62
10.93
11.41
11.29
9.70
9.84
8.79
9.71
9.42
9.75
10.53
10.72
10.25
11.49
10.69
10.35
10.41
10.20
11.98

10.68

10.86
11.17
11.70
11.45
10.10
10.12
9.33
10.10
9.71
9.78
10.48
10.99
10.94
11.39
10.80
10.41
10.38
10.41
12.25

10.93

427.99
439.39
459.82
412.09
398.67
384.74
348.96
364.13
358.90
404.63
418.04
449.17
433.58
492.92
444.70
415.04
425.77
379.44
495.97

436.81
461.62
465.94
435.84
389.94
389.67
350.06
360.84
370.50
411.16
429.71
455.45
443.73
496.94
450.66
426.21
433.26
398.98
506.82

448.11
472.07
497.88
479.76
406.21
401.98
359.98
392.34
384.34
356.96
444.13
447.72
438.62
488.42
441.72
442.88
447.88
425.82
514.08

449.60
475.84
500.76
468.31
399.96
401.76
355.47
388.85
384.52
374.57
441.21
456.09
452.92
492.05
444.96
443.47
447.38
423.69
509.60

454.69

10.39
10.39
12.01

10.85
11.16
11.66
11.45
10.13
10.10
9.35
10.06
9.73
9.70
10.45
10.92
10.83
11.28
10.80
10.47
10.44
10.54
12.24

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.78
8.82
8.20
8.03
8.53
8.07
8.29
8.03
9.56
8.40
8.03
8.32
8.20
8.62
8.32
8.19
8.20
9.78
8.24
9.30
11.68

8.83
8.92
8.27
8.10
8.60
8.14
8.34
7.88
9.79
8.27
8.10
8.49
8.28
9.02
8.38
8.03
8.23
9.77
8.26
9.46
11.40

9.02
9.17
8.45
8.16
8.51
8.17
8.39
8.19
9.94
8.53
8.05
8.67
8.56
9.01
8.42
8.22
8.44
10.10
8.40
9.66
11.99

9.05
9.21
8.54
8.20
8.64
8.36
8.36
8.18
9.87
8.40
8.04
8.65
8.45
9.25
8.42
8.22
8.53
10.12
8.48
9.77

9.04

332.01
324.69
295.24
281.88
299.28
300.37
306.91
282.10
369.08
301.86
298.08
303.94
298.08
317.50
304.19
304.34
305.33
394.71
313.88
377.45
479.94

339.15
339.29
309.27
293.76
307.21
300.66
308.75
298.94
390.64
316.46
291.41
306.05
315.01
282.01
331.75
320.58
312.28
396.93
303.24
387.37
484.40

341.19
340.77
313.42
289.46
317.09
309.32
307.65
292.84
383.94
308.28
293.46
314.86
313.50
320.05
326.70
317.29
321.58
399.74
312.91
392.75
481.44

341.71

11.80

328.37
324.58
294.38
281.85
305.37
288.91
306.73
277.84
367.10
308.28
297.91
300.35
294.38
314.63
294.53
304.67
302.58
386.31
308.18
366.42
484.72

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

26
262
263

15.78
20.07
20.08

15.83
20.23
20.01

16.02
20.64
21.04

16.04
20.66
20.99

16.19

684.85
909.17
891.55

690.19
926.53
888.44

688.86
934.99
915.24

688.12
917.30
934.06

697.79

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

205
2051

11.07
11.42

11.09
9.70
9.89
8.84
9.70
9.50
9.86
10.61
10.87
10.54
11.53
10.73
10.37

See footnotes at end of table.




107

Apr.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

484.57
489.60
510.23
500.00
533.52
573.47
546.60
578.48
508.19
671.03
585.73
492.08
854.91 1,069.58 1,146.48
878.53
576.18
609.10
586.46
615.00
493.40
496.36
524.54
524.96
553.36
540.62
558.78
564.10
715.00
698.04
672.62
698.32
1,056.95 1,099.56 1,050.56 1,088.36
599.42
595.84
586.04
543.51
435.37
432.55
437.24
433.35

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.2
44.0
41.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.8
41.2

43.4
44.2
42.1
42.8
42.1
42.2
42.8
41.1

42.6
43.1
43.3
41.6
41.6
43.5
37.7
41.3

42.8
43.6
43.0
41.4
41.5
43.4
37.4
41.9

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752

37.9
32.7
35.3
39.5
36.7
42.1
35.4
39.6
39.3
40.0
42.1
38.5
40.5

38.1
33.0
36.0
41.1
38.2
43.7
35.3
39.6
39.4
40.0
41.8
38.3
40.2

38.0
32.9
36.2
40.5
38.6
42.2
35.7
39.4
39.1
39.7
41.0
39.1
41.3

38.1
32.9
36.1
41.0
38.5
43.3
35.7
39.5
39.3
39.7
41.3
39.2
41.0

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285

289

42.8
42.4
42.9
42.7
44.2
41.2
42.5
42.9
41.5
44.3
41.3
40.2
42.1
44.8
45.3
44.7
45.2
42.9

42.7
42.5
42.6
42.8
43.7
42.0
41.5
41.9
41.2
43.7
40.5
40.2
42.6
45.0
44.7
45.0
45.6
43.0

42.6
43.5
44.1
43.0
44.3
42.1
41.0
41.5
41.4
42.9
41.3
40.5
41.7
46.0
45.4
46.1
43.8
42.2

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.7
43.9
43.6

42.7
42.0
44.8

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.8
43.1
40.0
42.7
43.3
41.9
41.5

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143

Average overtime hours

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

2759
276
278
279

286
2865

2869
287

3144
316
317

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

5.2
5.6
4.6
5.0
4.2
3.6
4.7
4.0

5.5
6.0
4.7
5.0
4.3
3.7
5.2
3.9

4.7
5.0
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.4
3.6

4.9
5.4
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.3
3.4

38.3

3.0
1.4
2.2
3.0
1.5
4.4
2.5
3.6
3.5
3.9
4.1
2.8
4.3

3.0
1.4
2.5
3.9
2.1
5.5
2.2
3.5
3.4
3.9
4.0
2.4
4.0

2.8
1.3
2.0
3.6
2.2
4.8
2.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
4.2
2.1
4.0

3.0
1.4
1.4
3.7
1.9
5.4
2.5
3.7
3.7
3.6
4.3
2.2
4.2

42.5
43.5
44.5
42.8
44.1
41.6
41.0
41.5
41.1
42.5
40.9
40.5
41.8
45.4
45.2
45.5
45.0
42.2

42.7

4.9
4.7
5.0
4.7
4.9
4.0
4.9
4.7
3.7
5.4
3.6
2.8
4.3
6.4
5.6
6.5
6.7
4.7

4.8
5.0
5.4
4.4
4.8
3.8
4.6
4.5
3.6
5.4
3.4
2.8
4.6
6.0
5.3
6.1
7.1
4.7

5.0
5.2
5.4
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.0
5.0
3.7
5.0
3.7
3.0
3.8
6.7
6.4
6.7
5.8
4.7

4.7
5.3
5.7
4.8
5.0
4.6
4.4
4.4
3.6
4.9
3.6
2.8
3.8
6.3
5.8
6.4
6.3
4.4

43.4
44.4
41.5

43.9
45.1
41.7

43.4

6.7
6.9
6.8

6.9
6.6
8.2

6.1
6.0
7.1

6.4
6.5
6.9

41.8
42.3
39.5
43.3
43.7
42.5
41.5

41.3
41.9
41.7
42.6
42.3
42.4
41.0

41.3
41.7
40.0
42.2
42.7
42.3
41.1

41.7

4.3
5.5
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.3

4.4
5.3
3.4
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.3

4.2
5.2
2.9
5.1
5.1
4.3
4.0

4.1
5.2
2.4
4.9
5.2
4.3
4.0

37.6
43.1
36.3
36.0
37.3
35.8
36.3

37.9
42.7
37.3
36.4
39.1
35.5
36.0

37.5
43.6
35.8
35.5
35.7
35.3
36.6

37.8
43.8
35.9
35.2
35.3
36.1
37.7

38.2

2.0
4.6
1.3
0.9
1.8
1.8
2.0

1.9
4.7
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.6

1.7
5.5
0.9
1.1
0.0
0.7
1.1

1.9
6.0
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.8
1.1

32.6

32.6

32.6

32.6

33.0

38.8

38.6

38.1

38.0

38.7

See footnotes at end of table.




108

Apr.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
2000P

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$575.86
583.88
566.89
596.28
578.34
674.10
523.34
523.65

$578.52
588.74
572.98
596.20
582.66
679.00
540.56
521.97

$572.54
575.39
588.88
594.88
580.32
729.06
463.33
537.73

$581.65
588.60
596.84
595.33
576.85
720.01
457.40
539.25

$14.21

520.37
438.51
536.91
518.64
460.95
571.72
459.49
554.00
561.99
526.40
600.77
413.49
694.17

523.11
444.51
551.88
549.92
483.61
609.18
462.78
550.84
559.48
526.80
589.38
409.81
689.83

536.94
456.65
559.65
562.95
525.73
596.71
474.81
563.03
572.03
534.36
597.37
433.23
700.04

540.64
456.65
559.91
571.95
522.06
617.89
479.09
568.01
577.32
540.32
608.76
440.22
692.90

$544.24

17.75
19.68
20.55
18.47
21.13
15.05
17.67
17.58
15.04
17.92
14.35
13.66
14.99
20.88
20.70
21.05
17.06
16.31

17.96

735.30
797.54
831.40
769.88
890.19
622.12
713.15
715.14
603.41
819.55
568.70
508.93
619.71
916.61
916.87
922.61
780.15
671.81

737.43
810.05
840.07
778.10
895.41
640.08
703.43
706.85
602.34
803.21
564.98
513.35
624.09
911.70
910.99
915.75
791.62
677.25

757.43
851.30
896.55
789.05
929.86
637.39
731.85
738.70
625.55
763.62
597.61
557.69
623.00
962.32
945.23
971.33
759.49
683.22

754.38
856.08
914.48
790.52
931.83
626.08
724.47
729.57
618.14
761.60
586.92
553.23
626.58
947.95
935.64
957.78
767.70
688.28

766.89

22.08
25.17
16.11

22.27
25.63
16.09

21.94

958.27
977.65
917.62
1,031.94 1,117.55 1,155.91
703.81
668.57
670.95

952.20

12.23
19.30
10.29
12.23
12.20
11.96
11.57

12.51
19.67
10.49
12.82
12.97
12.31
11.81

12.52
19.64
10.21
12.71
12.78
12.39
11.84

12.63

509.96
824.93
407.60
521.37
529.13
497.35
479.33

511.21
816.39
406.46
529.56
533.14
508.30
480.16

516.66
824.17
437.43
546.13
548.63
521.94
484.21

517.08
818.99
408.40
536.36
545.71
524.10
486.62

526.67

9.55
12.16
9.19
9.90
7.79
8.83
8.44

9.59
12.19
9.24
9.95
7.89
8.82
8.35

9.86
12.63
9.62

10.05

8.77

363.46
520.51
344.65
362.18
308.50
313.11
300.60

369.75
550.67
344.40
364.94
286.31
306.76
320.98

374.60
559.33
346.44
364.67
283.11
310.46
333.27

8.84

359.08
524.10
333.60
356.40
290.57
316.11
306.37

383.91

8.69

9.91
12.77
9.65
10.36
8.02
8.60

12.67

12.69

13.23

413.04

413.69

428.04

428.04

13.13

13.13

436.59

16.14

601.79

601.00

610.36

608.38

16.02

16.01

624.62

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$13.33
13.27
13.66
14.03
13.77
16.05
12.52
12.71

$13.33
13.32
13.61
13.93
13.84
16.09
12.63
12.70

$13.44
13.35
13.60
14.30
13.95
16.76
12.29
13.02

$13.59
13.50
13.88
14.38
13.90
16.59
12.23
12.87

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752

13.73
13.41
15.21
13.13
12.56
13.58
12.98
13.99
14.30
13.16
14.27
10.74
17.14

13.73
13.47
15.33
13.38
12.66
13.94
13.11
13.91
14.20
13.17
14.10
10.70
17.16

14.13
13.88
15.46
13.90
13.62
14.14
13.30
14.29
14.63
13.46
14.57
11.08
16.95

14.19
13.88
15.51
13.95
13.56
14.27
13.42
14.38
14.69
13.61
14.74
11.23
16.90

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281

2869
287
289

17.18
18.81
19.38
18.03
20.14
15.10
16.78
16.67
14.54
18.50
13.77
12.66
14.72
20.46
20.24
20.64
17.26
15.66

17.27
19.06
19.72
18.18
20.49
15.24
16.95
16.87
14.62
18.38
13.95
12.77
14.65
20.26
20.38
20.35
17.36
15.75

17.78
19.57
20.33
18.35
20.99
15.14
17.85
17.80
15.11
17.80
14.47
13.77
14.94
20.92
20.82
21.07
17.34
16.19

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

21.59
24.40
15.43

21.49
24.57
15.71

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

12.20
19.14
10.19
12.21
12.22
11.87
11.55

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

2759
276
278
279

2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

3144
316
317

15.51

10.28
8.02

15.57

See footnotes at end of table.




Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Mar.
1999

109

943.48
1,071.16

672.75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

4011

44.0

44.0

44.1

44.9

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411

413

34.0
38.8
39.2

33.7
38.5
39.3

34.2
37.9
39.5

33.9
37.3
38.7

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.3
39.2
40.0

39.9
39.8
40.3

39.6
39.6
40.0

39.9
39.8
40.0

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

37.0

36.3

36.3

35.5

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

42.6

43.6

41.3

41.7

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

39.1
39.6
39.9
38.2

38.6
38.9
39.2
37.9

37.6
37.1
37.3
37.7

37.4
36.8
37.1
37.5

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.5
41.7
42.3
35.2
41.4

40.3
41.6
42.1
35.4
40.7

40.1
41.3
41.5
35.6
40.1

39.7
40.9
41.0
35.2
40.3

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49

42.4
41.8
42.9
42.9
43.3

42.4
42.2
42.3
42.9
43.3

41.5
41.2
41.7
42.5
41.6

41.2
41.4
41.3
40.9
41.3

38.2

38.3

38.2

38.2

38.9
37.3
37.2
39.6
39.7
39.7
41.0
39.4
39.1
39.2
37.1

39.0
37.5
37.2
40.1
39.7
39.3
41.1
39.4
38.8
39.4
37.1

38.8
37.5
37.6
39.6
39.2
39.1
41.2
39.2
38.8
39.1
37.5

38.8
37.4
37.4
40.1
39.0
38.9
41.3
39.2
38.9
39.1
37.7

37.2
36.7
36.6
36.6
38.2
33.1
40.3
37.4
37.2
36.4

37.4
36.7
36.2
36.7
38.4
33.3
40.3
37.4
37.3
37.0

37.2
36.1
37.6
36.2
38.1
33.0
40.6
37.9
36.9
36.3

37.3
35.6
37.6
36.4
38.3
33.4
40.5
37.6
37.2
36.3

28.6

28.7

28.5

28.6

34.4
36.1
35.0
29.7
31.0

35.0
36.8
35.1
30.1
32.7

34.9
36.7
34.3
30.0
31.5

35.2
36.9
34.6
30.3
32.6

Average overtime hours

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508

509
51
511
512
513

514
515
516
517

518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Apr.
2000P

38.9

29.0

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$17.68

$798.60

$794.20

$784.10

$793.83

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$18.15

$18.05

$17.78

Apr.
2000P

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

11.49
12.04
13.27

11.48
11.94
13.35

11.98
12.66
13.99

11.88
12.48
14.04

390.66
467.15
520.18

386.88
459.69
524.66

409.72
479.81
552.61

402.73
465.50
543.35

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.80
14.03
11.56

13.86
14.09
11.57

14.14
14.35
12.08

14.15
14.37
12.04

542.34
549.98
462.40

553.01
560.78
466.27

559.94
568.26
483.20

564.59
571.93
481.60

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

19.66

19.06

20.56

20.28

727.42

691.88

746.33

719.94

918.03

940.89

951.14

Apr.
2000P

932.00
543.05
537.28
554.65
559.88

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

21.55

21.58

23.03

22.35

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

14.08
14.44
14.88
14.08

14.21
14.71
15.14
14.10

14.74
14.99
15.40
15.02

14.52
14.60
14.95
14.93

550.53
571.82
593.71
537.86

548.51
572.22
593.49
534.39

554.22
556.13
574.42
566.25

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

17.31
17.72
18.17
17.97
14.40

17.39
17.82
18.15
18.07
14.40

17.55
17.74
18.31
18.64
15.04

17.67
17.93
18.48
18.59
15.10

701.06
738.92
768.59
632.54
596.16

700.82
741.31
764.12
639.68
586.08

703.76
732.66
759.87
663.58
603.10

701.50
733.34
757.68
654.37
608.53

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

20.46
21.45
18.78
24.93
16.32

20.51
21.49
18.80
24.88
16.53

21.07
22.03
19.48
24.88
17.56

21.17
21.95
19.32
25.93
17.54

867.50
896.61
805.66
1,069.50
706.66

869.62
906.88
795.24
1,067.35
715.75

874.41
907.64
812.32
1,057.40
730.50

872.20
908.73
797.92
1.060.54
724.40

14.34

14.48

14.95

14.94

547.79

554.58

571.09

570.71

Wholesale trade

$15.13

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

15.03
13.19
13.09
13.39
17.84
17.40
14.22
15.74
14.06
15.14
11.63

15.19
13.36
13.37
13.56
18.08
17.60
14.29
15.76
14.24
15.36
11.64

15.59
13.84
13.62
13.85
18.51
17.75
14.83
16.01
14.45
15.74
12.16

15.61
13.83
13.57
13.98
18.66
17.98
14.69
15.98
14.33
15.74
12.19

584.67
491.99
486.95
530.24
708.25
690.78
583.02
620.16
549.75
593.49
431.47

592.41
501.00
497.36
543.76
717.78
691.68
587.32
620.94
552.51
605.18
431.84

604.89
519.00
512.11
548.46
725.59
694.03
611.00
627.59
560.66
615.43
456.00

605.67
517.24
507.52
560.60
727.74
699.42
606.70
626.42
557.44
615.43
459.56

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

13.34
13.49
17.34
13.08
13.37
10.31
15.70
12.14
15.35
11.01

13.44
13.73
17.83
13.23
13.39
10.39
16.12
12.09
15.68
11.01

13.99
14.26
19.33
13.25
13.80
10.72
16.30
12.73
15.73
11.50

13.93
14.31
19.09
13.06
13.78
10.75
16.36
12.68
15.82
11.41

496.25
495.08
634.64
478.73
510.73
341.26
632.71
454.04
571.02
400.76

502.66
503.89
645.45
485.54
514.18
345.99
649.64
452.17
584.86
407.37

520.43
514.79
726.81
479.65
525.78
353.76
661.78
482.47
580.44
417.45

519.59
509.44
717.78
475.38
527.77
359.05
662.58
476.77
588.50
414.18

9.00

9.03

9.34

9.36

257.40

259.16

266.19

267.70

10.61
11.04
10.68
8.77
9.75

10.67
11.17
10.76
8.80
9.57

11.22
11.76
10.91
9.15
10.23

11.26
11.82
11.02
9.18
10.04

364.98
398.54
373.80
260.47
302.25

373.45
411.06
377.68
264.88
312.94

391.58
431.59
374.21
274.50
322.25

396.35
436.16
381.29
278.15
327.30

$588.56

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




11
1

9.42

273.18

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

53
531
533
539

29.7
29.8
26.9
29.4

29.4
29.5
27.5
29.3

27.8
27.7
26.2
29.1

28.5
28.5
26.8
29.5

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.3
29.3
28.4

29.4
29.5
28.4

29.5
29.6
28.3

29.4
29.5
28.9

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.1
36.5
37.6
31.5
34.0

35.3
36.6
38.1
31.7
34.1

35.3
36.6
37.6
31.9
36.0

35.3
36.7
38.0
31.7
35.9

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.1
28.2
23.2
27.3
26.2

26.1
28.8
23.5
27.2
26.2

25.1
27.2
22.9
25.2
26.0

25.7
27.4
23.6
25.8
26.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.7
32.6
33.2
32.7
32.3
26.3

32.6
32.6
33.7
32.6
32.2
25.6

32.3
33.0
33.6
31.3
30.9
25.1

32.3
33.2
33.7
31.2
30.7
24.8

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.1

25.3

25.2

25.3

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

28.9
28.6
29.8
26.9
32.7
38.0
29.6
33.7
29.9

29.1
28.6
30.0
27.1
32.9
36.7
30.1
33.5
30.3

29.7
28.5
29.5
27.6
34.0
38.3
31.5
33.9
30.4

29.3
28.6
29.4
27.4
33.8
36.2
30.2
33.9
30.4

36.0

35.9

36.1

35.9

Average overtime hours

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.0
34.9
34.8
35.0
35.4

35.2
35.1
35.0
35.1
35.6

35.1
34.9
34.9
34.9
35.5

61
614

38.3
39.8

37.6
37.8

37.0
38.4

36.9
38.2

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.9

37.2

37.4

37.3

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

38.5
38.9
38.5
38.9
38.1

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.6
38.5

38.6
38.8
38.3
38.9
38.6

38.4
38.7
38.3
39.1
38.3

32.4

32.4

32.6

32.5

32.8

34.8

32.7

33.4

36.7

35.0
34.7
34.8
34.6
35.6

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

Apr.
2000P

Services

Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




112

32.9

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$9.36
9.44
7.73
9.12

$262.55
264.92
214.12
252.55

$263.13
265.80
220.28
250.52

$260.49
261.77
202.53
266.56

9.37
9.43
8.86

9.35
9.40
8.87

271.90
274.54
237.14

273.42
277.30
237.71

276.42
279.13
250.74

274.89
277.30
256.34

12.51
15.80
10.29
8.11
12.83

12.73
15.92
10.55
8.39
13.07

12.88
16.17
10.62
8.37
13.10

433.49
565.75
385.02
253.89
448.12

441.60
578.28
392.05
257.09
437.50

449.37
582.67
396.68
267.64
470.52

454.66
593.44
403.56
265.33
470.29

8.71
10.16
8.80
8.44
8.34

8.77
10.27
8.82
8.47
8.43

9.23
10.72
9.27
8.98
8.78

9.23
10.88
9.28
8.98
8.76

227.33
286.51
204.16
230.41
218.51

228.90
295.78
207.27
230.38
220.87

231.67
291.58
212.28
226.30
228.28

237.21
298.11
219.01
231.68
234.77

12.09
11.48
11.41
12.87
11.74
7.34

12.09
11.53
11.40
12.84
11.78
7.35

12.51
11.74
11.64
13.55
12.61
7.77

12.53
11.78
11.67
13.56
12.62
7.75

395.34
374.25
378.81
420.85
379.20
193.04

394.13
375.88
384.18
418.58
379.32
188.16

404.07
387.42
391.10
424.12
389.65
195.03

404.72
391.10
393.28
423.07
387.43
192.20

6.52

6.55

6.79

6.80

163.65

165.72

171.11

172.04

9.84
10.30
8.11
9.16
10.39
13.21
9.97
11.74
10.30

9.77
10.32
8.06
9.02
10.37
12.93
9.97
11.85
10.35

10.15
10.87
8.27
9.44
10.57
13.85
10.07
11.70
10.61

10.17
10.91
8.27
9.47
10.58
13.59
10.18
11.69
10.69

284.38
294.58
241.68
246.40
339.75
501.98
295.11
395.64
307.97

284.31
295.15
241.80
244.44
341.17
474.53
300.10
396.98
313.61

301.46
309.80
243.97
260.54
359.38
530.46
317.21
396.63
322.54

297.98
312.03
243.14
259.48
357.60
491.96
307.44
396.29
324.98

14.53

14.61

14.92

14.96

523.08

524.50

538.61

537.06

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

53
531
533
539

$8.84
8.89
7.96
8.59

$8.95
9.01
8.01
8.55

$9.37
9.45
7.73
9.16

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

9.28
9.37
8.35

9.30
9.40
8.37

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

12.35
15.50
10.24
8.06
13.18

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places4

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Apr.
2000P

$266.76
269.04
207.16
269.04

Mar.
1999

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

$15.15

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

11.25
10.89
10.47
11.18
10.85

11.21
10.79
10.51
10.99
10.91

11.63
11.14
10.73
11.43
11.29

11.65
11.14
10.75
11.41
11.32

393.75
380.06
364.36
391.30
384.09

394.59
378.73
367.85
385.75
388.40

408.21
388.79
374.48
398.91
400.80

407.75
386.56
374.10
394.79
402.99

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

15.01
12.44

15.26
12.53

15.29
12.98

15.41
13.17

574.88
495.11

573.78
473.63

565.73
498.43

568.63
503.09

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

21.98

21.85

22.04

21.92

833.04

812.82

824.30

817.62

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

16.80
15.30
16.20
16.67
18.12

17.05
15.48
16.14
16.60
18.61

17.23
15.57
16.74
17.09
18.82

17.28
15.63
16.79
17.20
18.78

646.80
595.17
623.70
648.46
690.37

654.72
595.98
618.16
640.76
716.49

665.08
604.12
641.14
664.80
726.45

663.55
604.88
643.06
672.52
719.27

13.33

13.32

13.80

13.81

431.89

431.57

449.88

448.83

10.31

10.20

10.91

10.89

338.17

354.96

356.76

363.73

$556.01

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




113

13.89

456.98

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

074
078

28.5
34.9

29.0
37.2

28.2
35.0

28.3
35.9

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

30.3

30.6

30.6

30.8

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

33.9
28.1
26.1

34.3
28.2
26.8

33.6
28.3
28.3

33.9
28.0
25.2

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

33.6
36.4

33.6
36.6

33.8
36.2

33.7
36.0

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.3
28.3
37.2
27.5
38.2
36.4
40.3
38.0

36.1
28.7
37.2
27.9
38.8
36.1
41.0
38.7

36.7
28.5
36.3
27.8
37.5
36.0
40.1
37.0

36.8
28.5
36.2
27.8
37.4
35.7
39.9
37.0

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.6
38.5
38.0
39.5
39.3
40.0
32.8
34.8
35.9

32.3
38.4
37.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
33.1
35.0
35.7

33.0
38.6
37.8
39.3
38.6
40.0
33.1
35.3
37.4

32.7
38.4
37.7
39.2
37.2
39.4
33.1
35.2
37.5

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.4
35.8
35.3
33.9
37.6
37.8
37.4
30.1
26.7

35.6
35.8
35.2
32.9
38.0
37.9
37.6
30.2
26.8

35.0
36.2
35.4
32.0
37.1
37.9
36.1
29.6
26.5

35.1
36.2
35.5
32.4
37.3
38.2
36.2
29.5
26.3

Miscellaneous repair services

76

37.8

37.8

38.0

38.0

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.1
39.2
23.9

29.8
38.5
23.4

30.8
40.5
23.4

30.9
40.9
23.8

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

25.6
25.2
24.9
19.2
27.1

25.8
25.5
25.3
19.2
27.9

25.7
25.7
25.2
18.8
27.7

25.7
25.2
25.1
18.8
27.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

32.8
32.7
27.9
30.0
32.0
31.4
34.9

32.7
32.7
27.7
29.7
32.1
31.4
34.7

32.9
32.8
28.1
30.3
32.2
31.3
34.9

32.9
32.7
28.0
30.2
32.1
31.4
34.8

Hospitals
See footnotes at end of table.




M4

Average overtime hours
Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisoryworkers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

074
078

$10.19
10.40

$10.22
10.23

$10.55
11.12

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

9.18

9.15

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.67
9.68
9.35

73
731

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$10.55
11.07

$290.42
362.96

$296.38
380.56

$297.51
389.20

$298.57
397.41

9.53

9.57

278.15

279.99

291.62

294.76

8.67
9.63
9.58

8.92
9.95
9.45

8.93
9.99
9.51

293.91
272.01
244.04

297.38
271.57
256.74

299.71
281.59
267.44

302.73
279.72
239.65

13.10
18.08

13.16
18.11

13.68
19.10

13.70
19.34

440.16
658.11

442.18
662.83

462.38
691.42

461.69
696.24

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

11.79
8.39
11.50
8.01
13.23
13.05
17.06
11.99

11.98
8.46
11.69
8.05
13.21
12.95
17.17
11.96

11.64
8.71
11.76
8.36
13.69
13.05
17.94
12.42

11.78
8.76
12.00
8.38
13.82
12.85
18.41
12.53

427.98
237.44
427.80
220.28
505.39
475.02
687.52
455.62

432.48
242.80
434.87
224.60
512.55
467.50
703.97
462.85

427.19
248.24
426.89
232.41
513.38
469.80
719.39
459.54

433.50
249.66
434.40
232.96
516.87
458.75
734.56
463.61

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

10.57
21.96
25.18
20.91
15.75
17.18
10.33
8.52
13.97

10.54
22.14
25.41
21.25
15.85
17.03
10.48
8.58
14.26

10.86
22.87
26.22
21.50
15.83
16.83
10.89
9.11
14.02

10.91
22.90
26.06
21.67
15.32
16.76
10.89
9.11
14.44

344.58
845.46
956.84
825.95
618.98
687.20
338.82
296.50
501.52

340.44
850.18
963.04
837.25
624.49
667.58
346.89
300.30
509.08

358.38
882.78
991.12
844.95
611.04
673.20
360.46
321.58
524.35

356.76
879.36
982.46
849.46
569.90
660.34
360.46
320.67
541.50

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

11.34
10.83
9.82
8.56
12.69
13.33
12.53
8.61
7.54

11.39
10.91
10.03
8.53
12.73
13.37
12.62
8.63
7.69

11.78
11.26
10.27
8.72
13.17
13.84
12.93
8.86
7.85

11.87
11.39
10.53
8.73
13.27
14.01
12.93
8.84
7.81

401.44
387.71
346.65
290.18
477.14
503.87
468.62
259.16
201.32

405.48
390.58
353.06
280.64
483.74
506.72
474.51
260.63
206.09

412.30
407.61
363.56
279.04
488.61
524.54
466.77
262.26
208.03

416.64
412.32
373.82
282.85
494.97
535.18
468.07
260.78
205.40

Miscellaneous repair services

76

13.82

13.93

14.10

14.07

522.40

526.55

535.80

534.66

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

16.36
22.73
7.17

16.16
22.29
7.19

15.16
19.97
7.67

15.25
20.16
7.76

492.44
891.02
171.36

481.57
858.17
168.25

466.93
808.79
179.48

471.23
824.54
184.69

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

10.12
7.61
9.42
9.21
9.96

9.98
7.63
9.33
9.23
9.81

10.41
8.01
9.73
9.85
10.19

10.40
8.05
9.77
9.93
10.10

259.07
191.77
234.56
176.83
269.92

257.48
194.57
236.05
177.22
273.70

267.54
205.86
245.20
185.18
282.26

267.28
202.86
245.23
186.68
278.76

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

14.07
14.65
14.56
12.96
10.01
9.58
15.83

14.11
14.77
14.69
12.91
10.04
9.62
15.85

14.55
15.24
15.28
13.14
10.53
10.08
16.26

14.58
15.33
15.37
13.13
10.52
10.09
16.27

461.50
479.06
406.22
388.80
320.32
300.81
552.47

461.40
482.98
406.91
383.43
322.28
302.07
550.00

478.70
499.87
429.37
398.14
339.07
315.50
567.47

479.68
501.29
430.36
396.53
337.69
316.83
566.20

See footnotes at end of table.




115

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

808

28.7

28.8

29.4

29.5

Legal services

81

34.8

34.7

35.2

35.0

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

30.8
31.0
30.3
29.1
32.0
32.2

31.0
31.1
30.5
29.3
32.2
32.2

31.0
31.1
30.4
29.5
32.2
32.4

30.9
30.9
30.4
29.2
32.1
32.2

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.2

35.3

34.8

34.8

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.3
39.0
39.4
37.8
36.7
38.1
36.4
39.4
31.7
35.8
35.8
34.4
36.2
35.1

37.4
38.8
39.2
37.8
37.6
38.9
36.3
39.2
31.3
35.7
35.9
34.6
36.4
34.9

37.1
39.0
39.3
38.1
36.6
37.8
36.0
38.9
30.5
36.2
35.8
35.9
36.3
34.4

37.3
39.1
39.5
38.1
36.5
38.3
36.0
38.6
30.9
36.3
35.9
35.7
36.5
34.3

Services, nee

89

34.8

35.2

36.5

35.9

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

See footnotes at end of table.




116

Average overtime hours
Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$11.83

$11.86

$12.37

18.72

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

$12.39

$339.52

$341.57

$363.68

$365.51

19.75

19.74

652.15

649.58

695.20

690.90

Legal services

81

18.74

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

9.48
9.96
9.19
8.20
9.60
11.44

9.50
10.00
9.20
8.20
9.64
11.45

9.82
10.28
9.47
8.58
9.95
11.86

9.85
10.32
9.47
8.59
10.00
11.89

291.98
308.76
278.46
238.62
307.20
368.37

294.50
311.00
280.60
240.26
310.41
368.69

304.42
319.71
287.89
253.11
320.39
384.26

304.37
318.89
287.89
250.83
321.00
382.86

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

18.44

18.39

19.14

19.26

649.09

649.17

666.07

670.25

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

18.25
20.02
20.91
18.01
14.24
15.55
18.43
20.29
14.77
21.98
18.03
15.95
20.78
16.47

18.33
20.10
21.00
18.17
14.24
15.63
18.42
20.25
14.66
22.13
18.22
15.95
20.98
16.46

18.93
20.98
21.89
19.06
14.71
15.92
18.56
20.36
14.85
22.29
18.95
16.87
21.96
17.90

18.86
21.00
21.88
19.06
14.83
15.91
18.41
20.28
14.59
22.26
18.84
16.93
21.64
17.79

680.73
780.78
823.85
680.78
522.61
592.46
670.85
799.43
468.21
786.88
645.47
548.68
752.24
578.10

685.54
779.88
823.20
686.83
535.42
608.01
668.65
793.80
458.86
790.04
654.10
551.87
763.67
574.45

702.30
818.22
860.28
726.19
538.39
601.78
668.16
792.00
452.93
806.90
678.41
605.63
797.15
615.76

703.48
821.10
864.26
726.19
541.30
609.35
662.76
782.81
450.83
808.04
676.36
604.40
789.86
610.20

Services, nee

89

18.26

18.28

18.73

18.65

635.45

643.46

683.65

Apr.
2000P

669.54

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and
services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




4

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
5

117

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$21.47

$21.42

$22.54

$22.53

$21.95

$22.01

$21.92

$21.99

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

21.58

21.47

22.65

22.64

22.15

22.10

22.01

22.08

= preliminary.




118

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

$13.04

$13.10

$13.47

$13.50

$13.56

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.47
10.75
10.62
12.85
14.51
12.65
14.02
12.72
16.65
13.46
10.77

13.52
10.78
10.67
12.85
14.58
12.68
14.06
12.75
16.81
13.56
10.84

13.96
11.09
11.03
13.13
15.16
12.95
14.54
13.08
17.52
13.84
11.20

13.98
11.10
11.08
13.18
15.21
12.96
14.57
13.05
17.63
13.84
11.21

14.03
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

12.39
11.26
18.68
10.11
8.52
14.85
13.21
16.25
20.05
11.60
9.31

12.45
11.39
19.54
10.15
8.57
14.88
13.21
16.35
19.89
11.62
9.35

12.72
11.57
16.87
10.30
8.75
15.10
13.62
16.80
20.62
11.91

12.75
11.63
18.18
10.31
8.76
15.12
13.65
16.82
20.75
11.92
9.67

$12.83
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




9.64

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$13.12
7.88

$13.16
7.84

$13.58
7.91

$13.60
7.85

$13.71 $448.70 $451.39 $464.44 $465.12 $474.37
269.33 268.84 270.50 268.55
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.01
10.21

16.93
10.08

17.13
9.98

17.17
9.91

$17.22
(2)

717.82
430.86

733.07
436.61

757.15
440.97

753.76 $769.73
435.20
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.79
10.08

16.85
10.04

17.37
10.12

17.48
10.09

$17.60
(2)

632.98
379.94

650.41
387.38

670.48
390.50

678.22 $688.16
391.58
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.73
8.24

13.80
8.22

14.19
8.26

14.22
8.21

$14.30
(2)

568.42
341.19

574.08
341.92

588.89
342.98

590.13 $596.31
340.72
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.51
9.31

15.57
9.27

16.02
9.33

16.01
9.24

$16.14
(2)

601.79
361.22

601.00
357.95

610.36
355.48

608.38 $624.62
351.26
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.34
8.61

14.48
8.62

14.95
8.71

14.94
8.63

$15.13
(2)

547.79
328.81

554.58
330.30

571.09
332.61

570.71 $588.56
329.51
(2)

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

9.00
5.40

9.03
5.38

9.34
5.44

9.36
5.40

$9.42
(2)

257.40
154.50

259.16
154.35

266.19
155.03

267.70 $273.18
154.56
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.53
8.72

14.61
8.70

14.92
8.69

14.96
8.64

$15.15
(2)

523.08
313.97

524.50
312.39

538.61
313.69

537.06 $556.01
310.08
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.33
8.00

13.32
7.93

13.80
8.04

13.81
7.97

$13.89
(2)

431.89
259.24

431.57
257.04

449.88
262.02

448.83 $456.98
259.14
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Apr.
2000P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

120

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

42.1
41.8
44.8

41.6
41.5
43.5

41.9
41.3
43.6

$12.35
12.89
14.18

$12.74
13.21
13.98

$12.70
13.14
14.00

$519.94
538.80
635.26

$529.98
548.22
608.13

$532.13
542.68
610.40

Alaska

53.5

56.5

51.9

10.87

10.49

10.73

581.54

592.68

556.89

February
2000

March
2000?

Arizona

40.3

40.3

40.1

12.66

12.76

12.75

510.20

514.22

511.27

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale- Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.7
42.7
41.9
42.6
40.2

41.5
42.6
40.9
41.0
39.9

40.9
40.4
41.8
39.9
40.0

11.42
11.02
11.64
12.13
13.15

11.91
11.51
11.84
12.52
13.53

12.00
11.70
11.72
12.43
13.32

476.21
470.55
487.72
516.74
528.63

494.26
490.32
484.25
513.32
539.84

490.80
472.68
489.89
495.95
532.80

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc ....
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.9
41.9
40.0
42.7
41.9
42.4
43.4
42.2
40.8
38.7
40.4
40.1
42.6
41.0
40.2
41.8
42.3
42.8

41.0
40.5
41.0
42.5
40.8
42.3
43.3
41.7
40.3
41.7
39.5
39.8
40.8
41.4
39.8
41.3
41.4
42.1

41.3
39.0
39.7
42.5
41.1
42.8
43.2
42.1
41.1
41.8
39.5
40.5
41.6
41.1
40.1
41.5
41.2
41.6

13.84
13.84
12.21
12.96
13.86
15.54
13.30
12.31
14.92
14.50
13.63
14.87
17.11
14.17
14.87
13.39
15.92
12.82

14.05
14.01
12.35
13.17
14.12
15.86
13.47
12.50
15.01
14.03
13.66
14.91
17.46
14.34
14.85
13.45
16.18
12.89

14.07
14.00
12.34
13.19
14.18
15.88
13.49
12.56
15.00
14.18
13.71
14.93
17.48
14.31
14.85
13.41
16.11
12.88

579.90
579.90
488.40
553.39
580.73
658.90
577.22
519.48
608.74
561.15
550.65
596.29
728.89
580.97
597.77
559.70
673.42
548.70

576.05
567.41
506.35
559.73
576.10
670.88
583.25
521.25
604.90
585.05
539.57
593.42
712.37
593.68
591.03
555.49
669.85
542.67

581.09
546.00
489.90
560.58
582.80
679.66
582.77
528.78
616.50
592.72
541.55
604.67
727'.17
588.14
595.49
556.52
663.73
535.81

Colorado
Denver

41.5
42.7

44.3
41.8

44.1
41.4

14.04
13.18

14.24
13.56

14.39
13.51

582.66
562.79

630.83
566.80

634.59
559.31

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

42.4
41.5
40.6
42.8
42.5
42.6
38.7
44.2

42.6
42.5
41.2
43.5
42.5
42.1
39.7
45.3

42.7
41.8
41.4
43.9
42.2
42.2
39.5
45.1

15.07
15.40
14.88
16.03
14.87
15.69
13.59
14.36

15.67
15.75
16.04
16.72
15.02
16.31
13.63
14.60

15.62
15.84
15.94
16.73
15.09
16.53
13.55
14.57

638.97
639.10
604.13
686.08
631.98
668.39
525.93
634.71

667.54
669.37
660.84
727.32
638.35
686.65
541.11
661.38

666.97
662.11
659.91
734.44
636.79
697.56
535.22
657.10

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

42.2
38.7
44.2

43.7
39.4
44.4

42.5
39.9
43.5

15.60
14.00
18.75

16.44
14.38
19.54

16.50
14.52
19.51

658.32
541.80
828.75

718.42
566.57
867.57

701.25
579.34
848.68

37.7

39.2

39.7

15.25

15.41

15.54

574.93

604.07

616.93

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

42.2

42.3

42.2

11.68

12.09

12.14

492.90

511.40

512.30

41.4
40.7
46.7

41.3
39.5
46.2

41.0
40.2
47.0

12.27
13.15
15.81

12.84
13.55
16.69

12.85
13.65
16.69

507.98
535.21
738.33

530.29
535.23
771.08

526.85
548.73
784.43

40.1
41.6

37.6
38.9

37.5
38.9

13.31
13.12

13.41
12.91

13.55
13.01

533.73
545.79

504.21
502.19

508.12
506.08

39.2

39.5

38.3

12.93

14.01

13.61

506.86

553.39

521.26

41.5
39.8
40.9
41.8
41.7
42.3
40.6
42.1
42.6
41.7

41.4
42.3
40.0
41.6
40.5
41.7
42.1
40.8
41.4
40.5

41.5
40.5
40.0
41.9
40.3
41.8
41.0
41.5
41.9
41.3

13.94
18.17
11.31
13.61
15.47
16.71
15.48
16.61
16.14
12.39

14.24
19.60
12.53
14.02
15.51
16.79
15.44
16.76
16.50
12.87

14.22
19.05
12.46
14.01
15.65
16.72
15.48
16.61
16.40
12.80

578.51
723.17
462.58
568.90
645.10
706.83
628.49
699.28
687.56
516.66

589.54
829.08
501.20
583.23
628.16
700.14
650.02
683.81
683.10
521.24

590.13
771.53
498.40
587.02
630.70
698.90
634.68
689.32
687.16
528.64

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

42.7
40.5
39.8
44.4
40.2
44.4
44.3
46.8
43.6
44.9
41.0
43.7

42.5
40.0
39.7
43.6
40.5
42.8
44.1
48.5
42.5
43.9
40.6
43.9

42.4
40.1
39.6
43.8
40.8
42.9
44.0
48.2
43.0
44.0
40.7
44.3

$15.07
12.64
12.78
14.60
15.61
19.46
15.56
22.66
15.65
14.37
11.92
14.46

$15.63
13.73
13.70
15.16
16.25
20.61
15.46
21.86
16.60
13.62
12.51
13.82

$15.66
13.70
13.86
15.27
16.26
20.70
15.42
22.00
16.73
13.75
12.46
14.06

$643.49
511.92
508.64
648.24
627.52
864.02
689.31
1,060.49
682.34
645.21
488.72
631.90

$664.27
549.20
543.89
660.97
658.12
882.10
681.78
1,060.21
705.50
597.91
507.90
606.69

$663.98
549.37
548.85
668.82
663.40
888.03
678.48
1,060.40
719.39
605.00
507.12
622.85

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

40.4
39.6
37.7
37.6
37.1

41.3
45.2
39.9
36.9
35.7

41.6
43.8
40.3
37.9
33.6

14.24
18.91
14.02
15.45
12.08

14.38
18.58
15.88
16.24
11.75

14.61
19.77
15.97
16.64
11.89

575.30
748.84
528.55
580.92
448.17

593.89
839.81
633.61
599.25
419.47

607.77
865.92
643.59
630.65
399.50

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.8
40.9
41.3

40.1
38.5
41.3

40.2
37.6
41.4

14.12
16.78
16.27

14.93
17.80
17.10

14.97
17.85
17.15

576.10
686.30
671.95

598.69
685.30
706.23

601.79
671.16
710.01

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.4
42.3
42.4

42.3
42.2
44.0

42.3
42.2
44.1

14.31
14.14
15.93

14.42
15.05
16.61

14.59
15.10
16.69

592.43
598.12
675.43

609.96
635.11
730.84

617.15
637.22
736.02

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

43.3
42.6
43.7
41.6

43.3
41.8
43.0
41.9

42.8
41.3
43.1
42.2

15.02
17.68
14.98
14.15

15.57
17.08
14.79
14.69

15.54
16.90
14.99
15.05

650.37
753.17
654.63
588.64

674.18
713.94
635.97
615.51

665.11
697.97
646.06
635.11

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.4
41.1
41.7

41.3
41.5
43.0

41.7
41.7
43.5

13.83
12.09
11.53

14.16
12.65
11.87

14.02
12.54
11.76

558.73
496.90
480.80

584.80
524.97
510.41

584.63
522.91
511.56

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

41.1
41.3

40.9
41.4

41.1
41.3

14.58
15.40

14.87
15.60

14.72
15.34

599.24
636.02

608.18
645.84

604.99
633.54

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.1
41.4
41.8
42.0

42.1
41.1
41.0
41.7

42.1
41.3
41.1
42.6

14.09
15.35
13.72
14.25

14.48
15.91
13.87
14.75

14.51
15.98
13.87
14.83

593.19
635.49
573.50
598.50

609.60
653.90
568.67
615.07

610.87
659.97
570.05
631.75

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ...
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.8
44.4
45.1
44.6
41.7
41.2
43.1
42.6
45.5

43.9
45.4
45.6
45.6
42.0
41.8
42.7
42.5
46.6

43.8
45.0
45.1
45.9
42.0
43.4
42.4
42.8
46.1

18.23
19.96
20.60
2519
14.92
13.10
15.65
19.51
22.23

18.86
20.22
20.83
25.16
15.20
13.35
14.66
20.02
21.80

19.02
20.30
20.46
25.60
15.21
13.46
14.63
20.21
21.83

798.47
886.22
929.06
1,123.47
622.16
539.72
674.52
831.13
1,011.47

827.95
917.98
949.84
1,147.29
638.40
558.03
625.98
850.85
1,015.88

833.07
913.50
922.74
1,175.04
638.82
584.16
620.31
864.98
1,006.36

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.6
39.2
41.1
40.9

40.7
39.3
42.1
42.0

40.7
38.3
41.9
42.4

14.21
12.40
15.36
13.36

14.75
12.97
15.67
13.96

14.77
12.86
15.63
13.73

576.93
486.08
631.30
546.42

600.33
509.72
659.71
586.32

601.14
492.54
654.90
582.15

Mississippi
Jackson

41.2
41.5

41.5
40.1

40.9
38.9

11.06
12.83

11.55
12.99

11.62
12.92

455.67
532.45

479.33
520.90

475.26
502.59

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.1
42.0
42.0
39.3

40.9
40.9
42.2
40.5

41.6
40.0
42.7
40.5

13.80
14.37
15.94
11.76

14.06
14.91
16.40
12.02

14.15
14.89
16.47
12.12

567.18
603.54
669.48
462.17

575.05
609.81
692.08
486.81

588.64
595.60
703.26
490.86

Montana

38.1

39.0

38.5

14.27

14.08

14.14

543.69

549.12

544.39

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.3
43.9
42.3

41.1
44.3
42.3

41.8
45.2
41.2

12.69
14.45
13.03

12.70
14.82
13.65

12.77
14.80
14.11

524.10
634.36
551.17

521.97
656.52
577.39

533.78
668.96
581.33

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.9
35.9

41.7
43.8

41.5
43.2

14.01
16.39

13.45
12.90

13.30
12.59

573.01
588.40

560.86
565.02

551.95
543.88

See footnotes at end of table.




122

February
2000

March
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

40.8
41.0
41.1
40.9

40.6
39.3
40.9
40.5

41.3
40.3
40.8
41.7

$13.03
13.58
14.67
M.I A

$13.24
14.42
13.70
13.30

$13.25
14.61
13.78
13.48

$531.62
556.78
602.94
521.07

New Jersey

41.8

41.7

41.8

14.94

15.30

15.36

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.2
37.7

38.1
38.3

38.2
38.6

12.53
14.42

13.05
16.26

13.11
16.15

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.1
43.2
40.3
42.4
40.2
41.4
40.1
39.2
38.8
41.2
42.2
44.4
42.1
40.4
41.2

41.4
41.2
42.1
42.7
41.1
40.9
39.8
39.9
39.2
42.1
42.1
44.9
41.1
41.0
43.2

41.2
41.8
42.3
43.1
40.9
40.3
39.9
39.6
38.9
41.6
42.6
44.5
41.1
40.7
42.9

13.67
15.03
11.06
16.93
12.12
12.74
12.86
12.65
12.40
11.44
15.06
16.13
14.91
12.36
12.98

14.05
15.40
11.22
17.21
12.12
13.00
13.18
12.94
12.74
11.32
16.28
15.97
15.66
12.82
13.06

14.08
15.26
11.30
17.35
12.14
12.93
13.08
12.85
12.63
11.29
16.19
16.08
15.66
12.87
13.06

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

40.5
40.9
40.9
39.7
42.8

42.0
43.4
42.5
40.8
43.7

41.3
42.3
41.9
40.5
43.1

12.19
11.68
13.16
12.42
13.23

12.59
11.70
13.56
12.70
13.81

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.9
39.1

40.7
40.5

40.7
42.0

11.54
11.19

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.6
42.9
40.8
42.3
43.6
41.3
43.1
46.0
42.9
43.7
40.7
43.5
42.3

43.1
42.0
40.4
43.9
43.2
42.5
44.4
45.9
44.0
44.4
42.4
44.4
42.7

43.0
41.8
40.7
43.6
43.0
42.5
43.9
44.7
44.0
44.8
41.9
45.0
42.9

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.2
39.4
41.8

40.6
41.9
43.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

40.3
41.5
38.3
40.0
40.1

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

41.6
40.8
40.0
45.0
39.9
38.9
40.9
41.1
42.3
41.5
40.1
42.5
41.6
40.8
42.7

March
2000P

$537.54
566.70
560.33
538.65

$547.22
588.78
562.22
562.11

624.49

638.01

642.04

478.65
543.63

497.20
622.75

500.80
623.39

561.84
649.30
445.72
717.83
487.22
527.44
515.69
495.88
481.12
471.33
635.53
716.17
627.71
499.34
534.78

581.67
634.48
472.36
734.86
498.13
531.70
524.56
516.30
499.40
476.57
685.38
717.05
643.62
525.62
564.19

580.09
637.86
477.99
747.78
496.52
521.07
521.89
508.86
491.30
469.66
689.69
715.56
643.62
523.80
560.27

12.62
11.84
13.55
12.68
13.80

493.70
477.71
538.24
493.07
566.24

528.78
507.78
576.30
518.16
603.50

521.21
500.83
567.75
513.54
594.78

12.49
12.68

12.41
12.34

460.45
437.53

508.34
513.54

505.08
518.28

16.13
13.43
14.25
15.76
15.99
15.08
17.39
17.50
16.60
16.10
18.02
18.50
17.89

16.50
14.20
14.25
16.19
16.14
15.16
17.29
17.19
17.40
16.76
18.06
18.73
17.55

16.52
14.11
14.19
16.12
16.20
15.35
17.29
17.52
17.35
16.87
18.06
18.92
17.67

687.14
576.15
581.40
666.65
697.16
622.80
749.51
805.00
712.14
703.57
733.41
804.75
756.75

711.15
596.40
575.70
710.74
697.24
644.30
767.67
789.02
765.60
744.14
765.74
831.61
749.38

710.36
589.79
577.53
702.83
696.60
652.37
759.03
783.14
763.40
755.77
756.71
851.40
758.04

41.3
42.8
43.4

12.71
13.84
13.46

12.72
14.02
13.59

13.00
14.47
13.57

510.94
545.30
562.63

516.43
587.43
587.08

536.90
619.31
588.93

39.9
40.8
39.1
40.6
36.8

39.9
40.0
39.2
40.9
37.2

14.42
13.88
13.34
14.93
12.67

14.82
14.01
13.69
15.20
13.19

14.90
13.81
13.69
15.37
13.27

581.13
576.02
510.92
597.20
508.07

591.32
571.61
535.28
617.12
485.39

594.51
552.40
536.65
628.63
493.64

42.3
41.1
38.1
43.6
40.3
39.1
41.5
42.2
42.7
43.1
41.2
42.0
41.1
40.7
42.5

42.3
41.4
38.6
44.0
39.9
39.3
40.9
42.7
42.7
42.9
41.1
41.9
42.0
41.8
43.2

14.10
14.03
12.97
14.70
13.96
11.77
13.15
15.60
15.18
14.40
12.62
14.18
12.34
11.59
14.63

14.39
14.44
13.35
14.70
14.66
12.07
13.53
15.97
15.69
15.10
12.93
14.69
12.73
11.93
15.20

14.37
14.51
13.20
14.77
14.71
11.97
13.49
15.91
15.72
15.09
12.86
14.81
12.81
11.87
15.20

586.56
572.42
518.80
661.50
557.00
457.85
537.84
641.16
642.11
597.60
506.06
602.65
513.34
472.87
624.70

608.70
593.48
508.64
640.92
590.80
471.94
561.50
673.93
669.96
650.81
532.72
616.98
523.20
485.55
646.00

607.85
600.71
509.52
649.88
586.93
470.42
551.74
679.36
671.24
647.36
528.55
620.54
538.02
496.17
656.64

See footnotes at end of table.




February
2000

123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

February
2000

March
2000P

March
1999

39.8
40.6

40.9
402

40.4
40.0

$11.96
12.25

$12.21
12.32

$12.16
12.23

$476.01
497.35

$499.38
495.26

42.4

42.8

42.8

10.57

10.87

10.88

448.17

465.24

465.66

42.6
40.3
43.8

43.0
40.2
44.5

43.1
40.1
44.7

10.54
10.52
10.97

10.71
10.74
11.12

10.72
10.70
11.18

449.00
423.96
480.49

460.53
431.74
494.84

462.03
429.07
499.74

40.4
41.3
39.2
41.2
39.8
38.7

40.5
40.8
41.5
40.1
39.9
40.0

40.7
41.8
41.6
39.7
40.7
40.3

12.31
11.55
12.81
12.13
13.25
13.09

12.72
12.14
12.72
12.49
13.31
13.94

12.73
11.99
12.65
12.49
13.51
13.83

497.32
477.02
502.15
499.76
527.35
506.58

515.16
495.31
527.88
500.84
531.06
557.60

518.11
501.18
526.24
495.85
549.85
557.34

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.3
42.6
42.9
44.0
42.2

43.1
41.5
43.5
44.1
43.2

43.1
41.9
43.3
44.3
43.2

12.22
12.43
13.31
14.23
9.94

12.34
12.42
13.48
14.55
10.12

12.33
12.43
13.45
14.49
10.11

529.13
529.52
571.00
626.12
419.47

531.85
515.43
586.38
641.66
437.18

531.42
520.82
582.39
641.91
436.75

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.5
41.2

39.0
38.6

39.2
39.0

13.33
12.97

13.49
13.06

13.66
13.28

539.87
534.36

526.11
504.11

535.47
517.92

Vermont
Burlington

38.9
41.9

41.3
46.4

40.9
48.1

13.53
14.47

14.18
15.67

14.48
16.65

526.32
606.29

585.63
727.08

592.23
800.86

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.7
49.9
36.3
44.1
42.8
41.7
41.9
40.2

42.3
51.4
43.0
44.8
43.6
40.0
41.8
38.8

42.1
51.9
45.2
45.6
43.4
39.6
41.7
38.9

13.30
11.59
10.64
13.63
13.07
13.72
16.30
14.16

13.70
12.79
11.34
13.66
13.28
13.84
16.32
14.36

13.66
12.47
11.31
13.94
13.29
14.09
16.22
14.62

554.61
578.34
386.23
601.08
559.40
572.12
682.97
569.23

579.51
657.40
487.62
611.96
579.00
553.60
682.17
557.16

575.08
647.19
511.21
635.66
576.78
557.96
676.37
568.71

Washington

41.0

40.7

40.9

16.01

16.74

16.58

656.41

681.31

678.12

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.5
47.9
41.3
41.9
38.7

42.0
49.6
41.2
41.9
41.3

41.5
47.2
40.7
41.1
39.2

13.83
15.79
15.13
17.55
17.18

14.35
16.18
15.04
18.40
18.37

14.32
16.12
15.23
18.55
17.60

560.12
756.34
624.87
735.35
664.87

602.70
802.53
619.65
770.96
758.68

594.28
760.86
619.86
762.41
689.92

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.5
43.3
40.4
41.6
42.8
38.9
39.9
40.0
41.6
41.0
41.9
41.9

41.7
44.7
42.2
42.5
40.7
38.9
40.7
41.1
40.5
41.1
41.8
40.6

41.7
44.4
42.9
43.3
41.7
38.9
39.8
40.0
41.6
41.7
42.1
39.6

14.45
15.68
12.63
15.39
19.09
15.83
12.68
13.39
15.36
14.96
14.47
13.95

15.95
13.33
15.31
18.81
17.62
12.31
14.19
15.67
14.94
14.73
14.56

14.69
15.93
12.84
15.41
19.44
17.50
12.59
14.14
15.49
14.89
14.69
14.52

599.68
678.94
510.25
640.22
817.05
615.79
505.93
535.60
638.98
613.36
606.29
584.51

612.57
712.97
562.53
650.68
765.57
685.42
501.02
583.21
634.64
614.03
615.71
591.14

612.57
707.29
550.84
667.25
810.65
680.75
501.08
565.60
644.38
620.91
618.45
574.99

Wyoming

40.0

39.4

39.1

15.73

15.60

15.32

629.20

614.64

599.01

Puerto Rico

40.8

41.1

41.0

8.74

9.16

9.23

356.59

376.47

378.43

Virgin Islands

43.5

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol ..
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

18.91

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




February
2000

March
2000P

$491.26
489.20

822.59

State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

124

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Census region and division
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,107.9 26,151.8 26,158.0 26,188.6 26,224.2 26,239.4 26,246.5 26,293.0 26,316.7 26,336.6 26,416.3 26,417.1 26,364.9
24,946.3 25,002.0 24,987.2 25,012.9 25,067.2 25,079.7 25,095.2 25,160.3 25,209.1 25,252.8 25,365.3 25,358.2 25,384.0
1,051.0 1,059.0
980.9
1,083.9
1,161.6 1,149.8 1,170.9 1,175.6 1,156.9 1,159.7 1,151.3 1,132.7 1,107.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.0
3.7

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,111.5
6,874.5
236.9
3.3

7,127.7
6,893.6
234.1
3.3

7,129.8
6,887.6
242.2
3.4

7,139.0
6,898.2
240.8
3.4

7,149.4
6,914.7
234.6
3.3

7,154.1

6,920.6
233.5
3.3

7,163.6
6,930.5
233.1
3.3

7,182.5
6,949.4
233.1
3.2

7,193.2
6,965.4
227.8
3.2

7,201.5
6,978.8
222.7
3.1

7,226.5
7,019.2
207.3
2.9

7,232.8
7,018.9
213.9
3.0

7,200.1
7,017.0
183.1
2.5

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,996.4 19,024.1 19,028.3 19,049.5 19,074.8 19,085.3 19,082.9 19,110.5 19,123.5 19,135.1 19,189.8 19,184.3 19,164.9
18,071.8 18,108.4 18,099.6 18,114.7 18,152.5 18,159.1 18,164.7 18,210.9 18,243.7 18,274.0 18,346.1 18,339.3 18,367.0
845.1
797.8
843.7
861.1
879.8
918.2
926.2
922.3
915.7
928.7
899.6
934.8
924.7
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.9

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

48,087.5 48,148.2 48,186.0 48,277.5 48,351.3 48,440.4 48,581.6 48,748.2 48,881.3 49,012.4 49,142.0 49,249.5 49,295.6
46,059.2 46,131.3 46,171.1 46,266.7 46,382.7 46,469.6 46,607.2 46,774.9 46,929.0 47,076.3 47,254.4 47,330.0 47,379.6
2,028.2 2,016.9 2,014.9 2,010.8 1,968.7 1,970.8 1,974.4 1,973.3 1,952.3 1,936.1 1,887.6 1,919.5 1,916.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.0

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,859.8 24,915.6 24,949.6 24,985.5 25,038.7 25,101.1 25,184.6 25,287.9 25,371.0 25,451.4 25,501.4 25,560.9 25,605.8
23,907.0 23,970.9 24,001.5 24,047.4 24,115.0 24,171.2 24,251.2 24,353.3 24,442.8 24,532.8 24,607.7 24,666.1 24,722.6
928.2
933.4
923.7
894.8
883.2
893.7
918.6
934.6
929.9
938.1
944.7
948.0
952.9
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,165.4
7,788.6

376.8
4.6

8,173.4
7,798.1
375.3
4.6

8,177.8
7,802.2
375.6
4.6

8,195.3
7,818.4

376.9
4.6

8,210.8
7,841.2
369.6
4.5

8,212.7
7,844.3
368.4
4.5

8,227.2
7,861.9
365.4
4.4

8,249.2
7,886.2
363.0
4.4

8,259.3
7,904.8
354.5
4.3

8,273.2
7,924.1

349.1
4.2

8,313.7
7,965.4
348.3
4.2

8,334.0
7,978.4
355.6
4.3

8,328.5
7,988.8
339.7
4.1

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,062.3 15,059.2 15,058.7 15,096.6 15,101.8 15,126.6 15,169.7 15,211.1 15,251.0 15,287.8 15,327.0 15,354.6 15,361.3
14,363.7 14,362.3 14,367.4 14,400.9 14,426.5 14,454.2 14,494.1 14,535.4 14,581.4 14,619.5 14,681.4 14,685.5 14,668.2
672.4
675.3
695.7
696.9
691.3
675.7
698.6
675.7
668.4
669.6
693.1
645.6
669.1
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.5

See footnotes at end of table.




125

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Census region and division
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

33,232.4 33,291.8 33,313.2 33,391.1 33,471.9 33,473.1 33,543.4 33,640.6 33,720.7 33,816.4 33,888.9 33,906.6 33,881.2
32,033.0 32,096.1 32,088.4 32,159.6 32,254.6 32,268.8 32,356.7 32,470.0 32,565.1 32,671.1 32,791.1 32,775.2 32,757.4
1,145.4
1,097.8 1,131.5 1,123.7
1,199.4 1,195.6 1,224.8 1,231.5 1,217.3 1,204.3 1,186.7 1,170.6 1,155.6
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.3

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

23,110.2 23,158.7 23,171.6 23,224.3 23,280.3 23,272.7 23,306.0 23,360.6 23,404.4 23,448.8 23,506.5 23,516.3 23,475.2
22,224.3 22,269.8 22,262.5 22,309.4 22,373.8 22,372.5 22,415.7 22,474.7 22,528.7 22,579.5 22,670.7 22,659.9 22,632.2
890.4
914.9
906.5
909.0
885.9
889.0
875.7
900.2
835.8
856.4
843.0
885.9
869.3
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.6

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,122.2 10,133.0 10,141.6 10,166.8 10,191.5 10,200.5 10,237.4 10,280.0 10,316.3 10,367.6 10,382.4 10,390.3 10,406.0
9,808.7 9,826.3 9,825.9 9,850.3 9,880.7 9,896.4 9,941.1 9,995.3 10,036.4 10,091.6 10,120.4 10,115.2 10,125.2
304.1
315.7
306.7
275.1
280.7
284.7
276.0
316.6
310.8
262.0
279.9
296.3
313.5
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.5
2.9
3.1

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

31,018.1 31,057.5 31,099.9 31,152.0 31,221.3 31,237.0 31,260.6 31,351.4 31,431.9 31,508.3 31,607.8 31,641.1 31,673.7
29,425.3 29,478.1 29,533.3 29,595.8 29,691.5 29,731.2 29,782.0 29,881.2 29,980.9 30,063.4 30,199.9 30,243.5 30,250.8
1,592.8 1,579.4 1,566.6 1,556.2 1,529.8 1,505.8 1,478.7 1,470.2 1,451.0
1,407.8 1,397.5 1,422.9
1,444.9
4.7
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.4

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,773.7
8,398.3
375.4
4.3

8,802.7
8,424.2
378.5
4.3

8,811.9
8,431.3
380.6
4.3

8,830.2
8,453.5
376.7
4.3

8,859.4
8,485.5
373.9
4.2

8,873.6
8,502.9
370.7
4.2

8,895.5
8,533.4
362.1
4.1

8,928.4
8,568.6
359.8
4.0

8,960.7
8,609.0
351.8
3.9

8,994.5
8,648.1
346.4
3.9

9,014.4
8,679.3
335.2
3.7

9,020.2
8,682.6
337.6
3.7

9,034.1
8,704.2
330.0
3.7

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,244.4 22,254.8 22,288.0 22,321.7 22,362.0 22,363.4 22,365.1 22,423.0 22,471.2 22,513.8 22,593.3 22.620.9 22,639.5
21,027.0 21,053.9 21,102.0 21,142.3 21,206.0 21,228.3 21,248.5 21,312.5 21,371.9 21,415.3 21,520.6 21,561.0 21,546.6
1,098.5 1,072.7 1,059.9 1,092.9
1,116.5 1,110.4 1,099.2
1,135.1
1,200.9 1,186.0 1,179.5 1,155.9
1,217.4
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.5
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




126

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Alabama
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,132.5
2,031.3
101.2
4.7

2,133.4
2,029.5
103.9
4.9

2,130.4
2,026.9
103.4
4.9

2,134.4
2,030.1
104.3
4.9

2,140.8
2,038.0
102.8
4.8

2,144.9
2,040.2
104.7
4.9

2,151.7
2,047.9
103.8
4.8

2,159.2
2.056.9
102.3
4.7

2,169.6
2,067.2
102.3
4.7

2,182.5
2,079.5
103.0
4.7

2,197.8
2,089.7
108.1
4.9

2,199.9
2,098.4
101.6
4.6

2,186.6
2,095.2
91.4
4.2

314.5
293.9
20.6
6.6

314.6
293.8
20.8
6.6

314.8
293.5
21.3
6.8

314.1
293.3
20.8
6.6

313.8
293.4
20.4
6.5

314.4
294.5
19.9
6.3

314.9
295.5
19.4
6.2

315.7
296.6
19.1
6.0

316.7
297.7
19.0
6.0

317.6
299.4
18.2
5.7

318.9
300.1
18.9
5.9

319.2
300.7
18.5
5.8

320.1
300.8
19.3
6.0

2,335.7
2,230.8
104.9
4.5

2,352.3
2,244.3
108.0
4.6

2,357.0
2,247.6
109.4
4.6

2,362.6
2,255.2
107.3
4.5

2,373.7
2,265.7
108.1
4.6

2,378.4
2,271.4
107.0
4.5

2,380.8
2,279.3
101.5
4.3

2,386.9
2,285.3
101.6
4.3

2,392.0
2,292.3
99.7
4.2

2,396.5
2,299.7
96.8
4.0

2,401.2
2,302.6
98.7
4.1

2,398.6
2,303.9
94.7
3.9

2,398.3
2,304.8
93.4
3.9

1,207.1
1,151.6
55.5
4.6

1,209.7
1,154.2
55.5
4.6

1,211.8
1,156.8
55.0
4.5

1,215.9
1,160.7
55.2
4.5

1,220.0
1,165.8
54.1
4.4

1,224.0
1,170.4
53.7
4.4

1,229.5
1,177.2
52.3
4.3

1,236.3
1,184.0
52.3
4.2

1,243.7
1,191.8
51.9
4.2

1,251.8
1,198.6
53.1
4.2

1,256.7
1,201.8
54.9
4.4

1,259.0
1,200.2
58.8
4.7

1,261.9
1,202.1
59.8
4.7

16,508.6
15,601.1
907.5
5.5

16,527.1
15,631.2
895.9
5.4

16,552.7
15,677.4
875.3
5.3

16,580.8
15,713.2
867.7
5.2

16,614.0
15,759.7
854.3
5.1

16,619.5
15,783.6
835.9
5.0

16,630.6
15,807.2
823.4
5.0

16,667.4
15,841.6
825.8
5.0

16,695.4
15,870.9
824.5
4.9

16,726.0
15,898.0
828.0
5.0

16,794.2
15,993.9
800.3
4.8

16,805.4
16,026.8
778.6
4.6

16,809.5
15,987.0
822.5
4.9

2,244.3
2,177.5
66.8
3.0

2,251.9
2,185.1
66.8
3.0

2,252.2
2,186.8
65.4
2.9

2,256.9
2,191.8
65.1
2.9

2,264.3
2,200.0
64.3
2.8

2,265.1
2,201.0
64.1
2.8

2,271.9
2,208.0
63.9
2.8

2,281.1
2,216.0
65.0
2.9

2,292.1
2,227.8
64.3
2.8

2,301.2
2,235.8
65.5
2.8

2,313.5
2,254.3
59.2
2.6

2,312.1
2,247.1
64.9
2.8

2,318.4
2,254.9
63.5
2.7

1,689.9
1,633.3
56.6
3.3

1,690.8
1,634.5
56.3
3.3

1,690.4
1,633.1
57.3
3.4

1,690.3
1,634.2
56.1
3.3

1,689.7
1,637.7
52.0
3.1

1,688.9
1,638.3
50.6
3.0

1,690.2
1,637.8
52.4
3.1

1,694.2
1,642.2
52.0
3.1

1,696.0
1,646.6
49.4
2.9

1,697.1
1,649.9
47.2
2.8

1,706.7
1,668.7
38.0
2.2

1,707.8
1,666.0
41.9
2.5

1,707.5
1.667.6
39.9
2.3

387.2
373.3
13.9
3.6

386.9
372.8
14.1
3.6

385.9
371.9
14.0
3.6

385.7
372.0
13.7
3.5

387.0
373.4
13.5
3.5

387.3
374.4
12.9
3.3

389.0
375.8
13.1
3.4

392.0
378.4
13.6
3.5

394.3
380.6
13.7
3.5

396.7
383.0
13.8
3.5

397.0
384.8
12.2
3.1

397.8
384.0
13.7
3.5

400.6
387.9
12.6
3.2

279.1
260.4
18.6
6.7

280.1
261.8
18.3
6.5

281.5
263.7
17.9
6.3

283.1
265.8
17.3
6.1

283.6
266.8
16.8
5.9

285.0
268.2
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.6
16.8
5.9

284.7
268.2
16.5
5.8

284.9
268.0
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.3
17.1
6.0

279.9
263.2
16.7
6.0

280.8
265.3
15.5
5.5

279.9
263.9
16.0
5.7

7,290.6
7,003.7
286.8
3.9

7,306.8
7,020.5
286.3
3.9

7,319.3
7,035.2
284.0
3.9

7,339.0
7,058.7
280.3
3.8

7,359.7
7,085.4
274.3
3.7

7,381.2
7,104.5
276.6
3.7

7,406.6
7,127.4
279.1
3.8

7.446.6
7,162.0
284.6
3.8

7,483.6
7,193.4
290.2
3.9

7,508.2
7,221.2
287.1
3.8

7,540.4
7,260.4
280.0
3.7

7,547.8
7,265.2
282.6
3.7

7,562.1
7,279.6
282.5
3.7

Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4.060.3
3,889.4
170.9
4.2

4,076.3
3,907.9
168.4
4.1

4,082.7
3,915.5
167.2
4.1

4,088.2
3,920.1
168.1
4.1

4,090.9
3,927.1
163.8
4.0

4,096.8
3,934.1
162.7
4.0

4,104.1
3,944.2
159.9
3.9

4,109.7
3,955.3
154.5
3.8

4,110.2
3,962.2
148.1
3.6

4,118.8
3,970.4
148.3
3.6

4,118.5
3,970.0
148.5
3.6

4,144.7
4,003.0
141.6
3.4

4,144.7
4,003.5
141.2
3.4

592.4
557.0
35.4
6.0

593.0
558.5
34.6
5.8

593.3
559.4
33.9
5.7

593.3
559.8
33.5
5.6

593.8
561.3
32.4
5.5

594.5
562.3
32.2
5.4

596.3
564.6
31.7
5.3

597.8
566.0
31.8
5.3

598.9
567.6
31.3
5.2

599.5
568.8
30.7
5.1

602.5
573.0
29.4
4.9

601.3
572.9
28.4
4.7

603.8
575.5
28.3
4.7

652.7
616.4
36.3
5.6

651.7
615.9
35.9
5.5

651.8
616.0
35.8
5.5

652.8
617.3
35.6
5.4

654.7
620.0
34.7
5.3

656.0
622.0
34.0
5.2

656.4
623.8
32.6
5.0

658.6
626.7
31.9
4.8

660.1
629.8
30.3
4.6

662.8
633.6
29.1
4.4

661.9
633.0
28.9
4.4

663.1
633.9
29.2
4.4

667.3
640.2
27.1
4.1

6,346.2
6,085.2
261.0
4.1

6,368.4
6,101.4
266.9
4.2

6,383.3
6,103.5
279.9
4.4

6,401.7
6,118.9
282.7
4.4

6,422.8
6,137.2
285.6
4.4

6,409.9
6,126.0
283.9
4.4

6,412.9
6,135.4
277.5
4.3

6,413.1
6,138.9
274.2
4.3

6,411.4
6,140.8
270.6
4.2

6,409.8
6,139.5
270.3
4.2

6,420.2
6,158.6
261.6
4.1

6,434.1
6,156.5
277.6
4.3

6,419.7
6,139.0
280.6
4.4

3,066.2
2,975.6
90.6
3.0

3,067.6
2,975.8
91.8
3.0

3,070.2
2,974.3
96.0
3.1

3,071.2
2,977.0
94.2
3.1

3,070.7
2,981.5
89.2
2.9

3,076.7
2,983.8
92.9
3.0

3,074.9
2,982.1
92.8
3.0

3,090.3
2,998.5
91.8
3.0

3,098.1
3,005.7
92.3
3.0

3,104.5
3,014.3
90.3
2.9

3,116.3
3,022.6
93.8
3.0

3,122.5
3,022.7
99.9
3.2

3,110.2
3,010.1
100.1
3.2

1.567.0
1,524.9
42.1
2.7

1,569.2
1,529.0
40.2
2.6

1,568.9
1.528.1
40.8
2.6

1,573.2
1,532.9
40.4
2.6

1.574.9
1,534.4
40.4
2.6

1,576.4
1,536.3
40.1
2.5

1,575.9
1,537.6
38.3
2.4

1,578.1
1,541.4
36.7
2.3

1,578.9
1,544.1
34.8
2.2

1,585.5
1,550.9
34.6
2.2

1,583.9
1,546.4
37.6
2.4

1,586.9
1.551.8
35.1
2.2

1,585.2
1,552.1
33.1
2.1

1,427.1
1,385.1
41.9
2.9

1,428.0
1,386.6
41.4
2.9

1,428.9
1,387.7
41.2
2.9

1,429.5
1,390.0
39.5
2.8

1,435.5
1,394.6
40.9
2.8

1.435.7
1,393.9
41.8
2.9

1,438.6
1,395.3
43.3
3.0

1,442.4
1,398.7
43.7
3.0

1,445.3
1,399.8
45.5
3.1

1,448.4
1,401.4
47.0
3.2

1.451.9
1,407.5
44.4
3.1

1,451.2
1,403.7
47.5
3.3

1,450.3
1,403.7
46.6
3.2

1,960.7
1,868.9
91.8
4.7

1,967.5
1,876.0
91.5
4.7

1,971.7
1,879.9
91.8
4.7

1,976.4
1,883.9
92.5
4.7

1,972.9
1,884.9
88.0
4.5

1,973.8
1,886.7
87.0
4.4

1,975.8
1,889.8
86.0
4.4

1,978.4
1,893.3
85.1
4.3

1,975.8
1,895.3
80.5
4.1

1,972.5
1,895.6
76.9
3.9

1,981.2
1,906.6
74.7
3.8

1,991.5
1,908.6
82.9
4.2

1,988.9
1,912.5
76.4
3.8

2,052.1
1,938.9
113.2
5.5

2,050.3
1,940.4
109.9
5.4

2,041.4
1,938.5
103.0
5.0

2,044.7
1,943.2
101.4
5.0

2,049.8
1,948.2
101.6
5.0

2,050.3
1,949.4
100.9
4.9

2,054.5
1,953.1
101.4
4.9

2,056.8
1,957.3
99.5
4.8

2,056.1
1,963.3
92.9
4.5

2,046.4
1,959.3
87.1
4.3

2,044.1
1,948.6
95.4
4.7

2,041.0
1,943.5
97.5
4.8

2,053.7
1,947.3
106.4
5.2

663.3
635.2
28.1
4.2

665.5
637.4
28.2
4.2

668.5
638.5
29.9
4.5

671.0
641.0
29.9
4.5

671.2
644.3
27.0
4.0

673.6
645.9
27.7
4.1

678.3
650.8
27.5
4.1

680.9
654.5
26.4
3.9

683.7
658.3
25.5
3.7

686.9
661.8
25.1
3.7

692.1
667.8
24.3
3.5

695.3
671.8
23.6
3.4

696.1
671.5
24.6
3.5

Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Maryland
Civilian labor force
EmployGd
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,742.5
2,638.9
103.6
3.8

2,750.3
2,648.1
102.2
3.7

2,751.4
2,650.9
100.5
3.7

2,753.9
2,655.8
98.1
3.6

2,753.1
2,656.7
96.4
3.5

2,758.6
2,663.5
95.1
3.4

2,780.4
2,686.4
94.0
3.4

2,794.4
2,700.5
93.9
3.4

2,805.4
2,714.1
91.4
3.3

2,817.8
2,726.6
91.2
3.2

2,828.8
2,742.1
86.7
3.1

2,822.1
2,738.3
83.8
3.0

2,822.3
2,737.7
84.6
3.0

3,263.7
3,162.0
101.7
3.1

3,272.2
3,170.4
101.8
3.1

3,270.6
3,165.3
105.3
3.2

3,273.5
3,169.0
104.6
3.2

3,279.8
3,173.9
106.0
3.2

3,281.8
3,175.3
106.5
3.2

3,285.1
3,179.5
105.5
3.2

3.292.2
3,184.7
107.5
3.3

3,293.3
3.186.3
107.1
3.3

3,293.7
3,188.1
105.7
3.2

3,299.7
3,201.0
98.7
3.0

3,304.4
3,201.9
102.5
3.1

3,273.2
3,195.8
77.4
2.4

5.146.2
4,943.2
203.0
3.9

5,151.4
4,953.7
197.7
3.8

5,151.0
4,953.8
197.2
3.8

5,158.2
4,963.0
195.3
3.8

5,164.4
4,972.4
192.0
3.7

5,144.3
4,957.5
186.8
3.6

5,137.4
4,950.3
187.2
3.6

5,130.5
4,940.6
189.9
3.7

5.116.0
4,928.8
187.3
3.7

5,092.3
4,909.7
182.6
3.6

5,101.0
4,937.5
163.4
3.2

5,070.8
4,932.0
138.8
2.7

5,076.7
4,932.5
144.2
2.8

2,676.4
2,600.0
76.4
2.9

2,678.2
2,606.2
72.1
2.7

2,683.3
2,604.4
78.8
2.9

2,691.4
2,610.2
81.3
3.0

2,699.7
2,619.1
80.6
3.0

2,701.9
2,623.9
78.0
2.9

2,708.8
2,633.5
75.3
2.8

2,717.8
2,645.4
72.4
2.7

2,727.7
2,657.8
69.9
2.6

2,739.0
2,671.8
67.3
2.5

2,747.0
2,677.5
69.5
2.5

2,748.7
2,677.0
71.7
2.6

2,753.6
2,679.0
74.6
2.7

1,256.7
1,191.9
64.9
5.2

1,257.7
1,193.3
64.5
5.1

1,259.3
1,194.1
65.3
5.2

1,263.4
1,198.6
64.8
5.1

1,268.4
1,204.6
63.8
5.0

1,269.9
1,206.5
63.4
5.0

1,277.9
1,212.8
65.2
5.1

1,285.4
1,219.4
66.1
5.1

1,291.3
1,226.5
64.8
5.0

1,300.0
1,233.7
66.3
5.1

1,305.3
1,238.3
67.0
5.1

1,313.6
1,240.2
73.4
5.6

1,313.6
1,241.0
72.6
5.5

2,816.0
2,714.8
101.2
3.6

2,823.0
2,720.4
102.6
3.6

2,826.1
2,722.1
104.0
3.7

2,836.2
2,729.9
106.3
3.7

2,840.1
2,740.8
99.3
3.5

2,841.2
2,745.5
95.7
3.4

2,862.0
2,770.5
91.5
3.2

2,881.3
2,796.8
84.5
2.9

2,895.5
2,811.5
84.0
2.9

2,916.0
2,832.9
83.1
2.8

2,918.9
2,851.1
67.8
2.3

2,916.2
2,840.6
75.6
2.6

2,931.4
2,845.5
85.9
2.9

472.8
447.2
25.5
5.4

473.3
448.2
25.1
5.3

473.2
448.2
25.0
5.3

473.2
448.6
24.6
5.2

474.9
450.5
24.5
5.1

473.8
449.4
24.5
5.2

473.7
449.4
24.3
5.1

475.7
451.8
23.8
5.0

476.5
453.2
23.3
4.9

477.4
454.4
23.0
4.8

478.4
455.0
23.4
4.9

477.9
454.9
23.0
4.8

480.4
457.5
22.8
4.8

900.4
873.5
26.9
3.0

900.1
873.4
26.7
3.0

900.1
873.1
27.0
3.0

903.0
876.8
26.2
2.9

906.8
880.8
26.0
2.9

910.6
884.6
25.9
2.8

915.9
890.3
25.6
2.8

922.0
896.6
25.4
2.8

929.2
904.2
25.0
2.7

937.4
913.1
24.3
2.6

937.5
915.3
22.2
2.4

942.5
917.5
25.0
2.7

940.5
918.2
22.3
2.4

927.8
888.2
39.6
4.3

931.9
890.0
41.8
4.5

935.2
892.2
43.1
4.6

938.8
894.6
44.2
4.7

941.9
897.8
44.2
4.7

945.7
901.6
44.1
4.7

949.5
905.8
43.7
4.6

954.9
912.2
42.7
4.5

958.6
917.2
41.4
4.3

963.8
924.3
39.5
4.1

961.6
922.6
38.9
4.1

964.9
929.3
35.5
3.7

965.6
929.3
36.3
3.8

659.6
640.1
19.5
3.0

662.2
643.8
18.4
2.8

662.7
644.2
18.4
2.8

665.1
646.7
18.4
2.8

666.2
648.6
17.6
2.6

666.8
649.5
17.3
2.6

668.5
651.7
16.9
2.5

672.1
655.0
17.1
2.5

674.8
658.0
16.8
2.5

677.3
661.1
16.2
2.4

681.7
664.1
17.7
2.6

683.4
665.9
17.5
2.6

678.6
664.3
14.3
2.1

Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed ..
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed ..
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




129

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

4.184.8
3,988.7
196.1
4.7

4,191.8
3,997.5
194.3
4.6

4.201.4
4,000.0
201.3
4.8

4,207.3
4,005.3
202.0
4.8

803.0
757.8
45.2
5.6

801.9
757.1
44.8
5.6

801.0
756.1
44.9
5.6

8,846.0
8,385.0
461.0
5.2

8.865.4
8,406.8
458.6
5.2

3,854.4
3,733.2
121.2
3.1

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

4,217.1
4,017.8
199.3
4.7

4,220.2
4,022.2
198.0
4.7

4,218.1
4,023.3
194.8
4.6

4,229.8
4,039.4
190.4
4.5

4,233.5
4,048.6
184.9
4.4

4,236.4
4,056.9
179.5
4.2

4,223.7
4,057.1
166.6
3.9

4,233.9
4,060.0
173.9
4.1

4,224.7
4,068.9
155.8
3.7

801.8
757.5
44.3
5.5

802.4
758.6
43.8
5.5

807.2
762.6
44.6
5.5

812.2
766.8
45.4
5.6

816.8
770.8
46.0
5.6

824.2
777.2
47.0
5.7

831.9
783.6
48.3
5.8

833.2
788.7
44.4
5.3

835.2
789.4
45.8
5.5

836.6
791.6
45.0
5.4

8,856.8
8.392.0
464.8
5.2

8,865.7
8,398.6
467.1
5.3

8,881.5
8,422.3
459.2
5.2

8.885.3
8,424.9
460.4
5.2

8,891.8
8,429.5
462.3
5.2

8,906.9
8,455.3
451.7
5.1

8,918.7
8,477.3
441.4
4.9

8,929.7
8,497.5
432.2
4.8

8,971.9
8,534.0
437.9
4.9

8,962.5
8,542.0
420.6
4.7

8,980.1
8,571.2
408.9
4.6

3,858.2
3,741.5
116.7
3.0

3,864.3
3,743.6
120.7
3.1

3,863.8
3,744.7
119.1
3.1

3,882.9
3,761.5
121.4
3.1

3,888.6
3,764.5
124.1
3.2

3,891.0
3,766.0
125.1
3.2

3,901.4
3,774.9
126.6
3.2

3,904.9
3,779.1
125.8
3.2

3,905.1
3,781.2
124.0
3.2

3,914.0
3.788.3
125.7
3.2

3,930.1
3,797.8
132.3
3.4

3,953.5
3,820.8
132.7
3.4

336.6
324.2
12.4
3.7

335.6
324.0
11.7
3.5

335.2
323.4
11.8
3.5

334.4
323.3
11.1
3.3

335.2
323.3
11.9
3.6

335.1
324.1
11.0
3.3

336.3
325.4
10.9
3.2

337.2
326.3
10.9
3.2

338.3
328.1
10.2
3.0

339.3
329.6
9.7
2.9

340.9
330.0
10.9
3.2

341.5
330.9
10.5
3.1

341.2
331.5
9.7
2.9

5,689.6
5,448.2
241.4
4.2

5,714.0
5,468.2
245.8
4.3

5,711.3
5,464.5
246.9
4.3

5,734.7
5,476.6
258.1
4.5

5,753.4
5,498.3
255.1
4.4

5,761.9
5,509.7
252.2
4.4

5,786.0
5,536.5
249.6
4.3

5,803.0
5,559.1
243.9
4.2

5,825.1
5,587.4
237.6
4.1

5,855.1
5,617.5
237.6
4.1

5,869.1
5,634.9
234.2
4.0

5,886.4
5,631.3
255.1
4.3

5,861.9
5,635.6
226.3
3.9

1,640.4
1,578.8
61.6
3.8

1,642.2
1,582.7
59.5
3.6

1,644.5
1,587.5
57.0
3.5

1,647.8
1,592.5
55.3
3.4

1,649.0
1,595.8
53.2
3.2

1,651.2
1,597.8
53.4
3.2

1,652.6
1,599.7
52.9
3.2

1,655.2
1,602.5
52.7
3.2

1,656.6
1,603.5
53.1
3.2

1,658.4
1,604.3
54.1
3.3

1,653.7
1,608.0
45.7
2.8

1,653.2
1,605.3
47.9
2.9

1,649.4
1,598.7
50.7
3.1

1,755.3
1,650.0
105.4
6.0

1,745.7
1,645.0
100.7
b.8

1,747.2
1,645.2
102.1
5.8

1,750.8
1,647.2
103.6
5.9

1,757.1
1,655.6
101.5
5.8

1,753.5
1,651.8
101.7
5.8

1,746.6
1,647.4
99.3
5.7

1,767.1
1,670.8
96.2
5.4

1,788.3
1,695.6
92.7
5.2

1,800.7
1,710.6
90.2
5.0

1,802.2
1,717.5
84.8
4.7

1,813.8
1,725.2
88.6
4.9

1,817.7
1,732.6
85.2
4.7

5,965.7
5,698.2
267.5
4.5

5,966.9
5,704.1
262.8
4.4

5,970.1
5,707.6
262.5
4.4

5,976.6
5,710.9
265.7
4.4

5,976.2
5,712.4
263.8
4.4

5,979.8
5,712.0
267.7
4.5

5,973.0
5,711.8
261.2
4.4

5,973.8
5,716.3
257.5
4.3

5,971.3
5,717.9
253.4
4.2

5,969.1
5,719.6
249.5
4.2

5,994.2
5.755.0
239.2
4.0

5.987.9
5,737.3
250.6
4.2

5,960.0
5,726.9
233.1
3.9

500.6
480.3
20.2
4.0

503.2
483.1
20.1
4.0

503.2
481.8
21.4
4.2

504.0
482.4
21.5
4.3

505.7
484.2
21.4
4.2

506.4
485.1
21.3
4.2

505.1
484.5
20.6
4.1

505.8
485.6
20.2
4.0

507.1
487.3
19.8
3.9

507.1
487.8
19.3
3.8

504.9
485.6
19.2
3.8

502.0
483.0
18.9
3.8

505.1
486.3
18.8
3.7

1,948.6
1.862.9
85.7
4.4

1,953.2
1,864.9
88.3
4.5

1,954.5
1,865.2
89.3
4.6

1,951.6
1,864.7
86.9
4.5

1,954.5
1,868.9
85.6
4.4

1,960.0
1,872.5
87.5
4.5

1,965.5
1,875.5
90.1
4.6

1,974.1
1,883.1
91.0
4.6

1,980.8
1,890.8
90.0
4.5

1,989.8
1,902.5
87.4
4.4

1,986.0
1,900.3
85.7
4.3

1,984.0
1,902.8
81.3
4.1

1,984.2
1,910.6
73.6
3.7

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed ....
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Carolina
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




130

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

398.7
386.3
12.4
3.1

398.9
386.8
12.1
3.0

399.2
387.1
12.1
3.0

399.1
387.2
11.8
3.0

399.4
387.6
11.8
2.9

399.7
388.0
11.7
2.9

399.8
388.6
11.2
2.8

401.2
390.1
11.1
2.8

401.4
390.9
10.5
2.6

402.0
392.0
10.0
2.5

402.2
392.6
9.6
2.4

403.3
393.8
9.5
2.4

403.9
395.3
8.6
2.1

2,815.4
2,696.5
118.9
4.2

2,814.8
2,699.3
115.5
4.1

2,816.4
2,701.3
115.1
4.1

2,821.2
2,705.8
115.4
4.1

2,828.7
2.713.6
115.1
4.1

2,824.2
2,711.0
113.2
4.0

2,821.8
2,711.4
110.4
3.9

2,826.2
2,716.7
109.5
3.9

2,822.6
2,715.8
106.8
3.8

2,818.2
2,715.3
102.9
3.7

2,829.4
2,730.8
98.5
3.5

2,829.0
2,731.3
97.7
3.5

2,839.5
2,740.1
99.4
3.5

10,162.7
9,694.4
468.3
4.6

10,157.0
9,685.0
472.0
4.6

10,161.0
9,684.6
476.4
4.7

10,188.3
9,704.4
483.9
4.7

10,183.1
9,716.7
466.3
4.6

10,201.0
9,736.5
464.5
4.6

10,233.1
9,764.1
469.0
4.6

10,262.7
9,791.6
471.1
4.6

10,294.6
9,822.8
471.8
4.6

10,331.2
9,857.2
474.0
4.6

10,372.5
9,922.9
449.5
4.3

10,401.3
9,936.5
464.8
4.5

10,396.2
9,920.0
476.2
4.6

1,075.8
1,031.8
44.0
4.1

1,078.2
1,035.0
43.2
4.0

1,079.5
1,036.0
43.5
4.0

1,081.8
1,039.3
42.5
3.9

1,084.5
1,042.9
41.7
3.8

1,085.7
1,045.9
39.8
3.7

1,088.7
1,050.4
38.3
3.5

1,091.8
1,055.4
36.3
3.3

1,094.4
1,060.5
33.9
3.1

1.098.2
1,065.7
32.6
3.0

1,102.5
1,071.6
30.9
2.8

1,106.6
1,072.9
33.6
3.0

1,106.6
1,075.2
31.4
2.8

334.3
323.6
10.7
3.2

333.8
324.4
9.4
2.8

334.5
324.5
9.9
3.0

335.2
324.9
10.3
3.1

336.7
326.0
10.7
3.2

336.7
326.5
10.1
3.0

336.4
326.2
10.2
3.0

337.3
327.4
9.9
2.9

338.3
329.0
9.4
2.8

339.3
330.1
9.3
2.7

341.3
332.0
9.3
2.7

339.9
330.3
9.5
2.8

339.6
331.5
8.1
2.4

3,478.3
3,382.7
95.6
2.7

3,481.9
3,388.0
94.0
2.7

3,489.1
3,390.7
98.4
2.8

3,499.1
3,399.5
99.7
2.8

3,507.3
3,409.2
98.1
2.8

3,523.9
3,424.1
99.8
2.8

3,545.6
3,444.5
101.1
2.9

3,568.4
3,467.5
100.8
2.8

3,593.7
3,492.7
101.0
2.8

3,620.6
3,520.4
100.2
2.8

3,628.5
3,535.4
93.0
2.6

3,642.4
3,544.4
98.0
2.7

3,648.7
3,550.1
98.6
2.7

3,073.5
2,924.9
148.6
4.8

3,074.4
2,925.5
148.9
4.8

3,079.9
2,926.5
153.4
5.0

3,082.7
2,928.7
154.0
5.0

3,083.2
2,936.0
147.3
4.8

3.081.5
2,936.2
145.4
4.7

3,076.6
2,933.9
142.7
4.6

3,075.1
2,937.6
137.5
4.5

3,071.9
2,940.1
131.8
4.3

3,070.0
2,938.5
131.4
4.3

3,075.6
2,936.2
139.4
4.5

3,081.1
2,935.4
145.8
4.7

3,088.4
2,950.8
137.6
4.5

818.8
762.4
56.4
6.9

821.8
765.4
56.3
6.9

820.8
764.7
56.1
6.8

821.1
766.1
55.0
6.7

819.7
765.9
53.9
6.6

819.7
765.4
54.3
6.6

818.0
763.9
54.1
6.6

816.6
763.5
53.1
6.5

813.2
761.9
51.3
6.3

809.8
760.2
49.6
6.1

808.3
763.2
45.1
5.6

811.2
765.3
45.9
5.7

809.8
768.5
41.3
5.1

2,862.0
2,772.0
90.0
3.1

2,857.5
2,770.7
86.8
3.0

2,855.6
2,766.5
89.1
3.1

2,858.4
2,773.8
84.6
3.0

2,869.0
2,784.4
84.6
2.9

2,879.9
2,795.5
84.4
2.9

2,894.8
2,811.5
83.3
2.9

2,923.7
2,837.5
86.1
2.9

2,953.9
2,866.0
87.9
3.0

2,987.2
2,898.5
88.6
3.0

3,000.0
2,917.2
82.8
2.8

3,002.5
2,917.4
85.0
2.8

3,006.7
2,915.0
91.7
3.1

261.6
248.5
13.1
5.0

261.5
248.7
12.8
4.9

262.0
248.6
13.5
5.1

262.4
249.2
13.2
5.0

263.0
250.2
12.8
4.9

261.8
249.1
12.7
4.8

262.4
249.9
12.5
4.8

262.7
250.3
12.4
4.7

262.8
251.0
11.8
4.5

262.6
251.0
11.6
4.4

262.2
251.4
10.7
4.1

262.0
251.1
10.9
4.2

261.1
250.7
10.3
4.0

1,318.3
1,150.4
167.9
12.7

1,311.2
1,164.0
147.2
11.2

1,308.7
1,160.0
148.8
11.4

1,300.7
1,156.0
144.7
11.1

1,281.3
1,146.7
134.6
10.5

1,292.8
1,139.9
152.9
11.8

1,289.3
1,139.3
150.0
11.6

1,292.7
1,138.1
154.6
12.0

1,286.0
1,132.1
153.8
12.0

1,296.2
1,146.9
149.3
11.5

1,305.9
1,159.2
146.7
11.2

1,307.3
1,172.5
134.8
10.3

1,321.0
1,183.5
137.5
10.4

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Puerto Rico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a
monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are




provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information
becomes available.

131

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

February

March

1999

March

2000

1999

79 9
2.2
1.3
11.7
2.8
2.5
3.1
1.9
4.0
11.0
4.9
1.9

48
5.2
3.0
3.1
4.6
4.3
6.6
7.6
3.7
4.4
3.4
2.9

48
6.3
3.1
3.1
5.1
4.8
6.4
5.1
3.0
5.2
3.6
2.7

42
4.5
2.8
2.8
4.1
3.7
5.5
7.2
3.1
4.0
3.1
2.6

37
4.0
2.6
2.4
3.8
3.6
4.7
3.8
2.3
4.0
2.9
2.2

23.3
7.1

21.8
6.8

8.6
5.7

7.5
5.0

7.5
5.1

6.9
4.7

84.7
40
42.5
12.3
88

92.6
4.6
46.5
9.9
105

81.1
36
41.0
10.8
92

4.1
7.9
3.0
2.7
190

3.6
6.6
2.7
3.1
15 5

4.0
7.6
3.0
2.6
177

3.4
5.9
2.6
2.7
162

63.1
3.8
4.2
1.5
9.9
3.0

64.5
3.7
4.0
1.6
11.3
2.8

57.6
3.4
3.8
1.3
9.3
2.8

62.1
3.5
3.9
1.6
11.2
2.9

5.3
2.7
4.4
3.7
3.4
8.4

5.2
2.5
4 1
3.8
3.7
7.8

4.8
2.5
4.0
3.2
3.2
7.8

4.9
2.4
39
3.7
3.7
7.8

16.759.3
279.0
86.4
427 1
4,672.1
86.9
203.6
1,219.3
1,500.9
75.2
1,492.9
806.0
193.0
1.380.4
960.2
968 3
111.0
201.3
140.1
253.5
253.0
258.5
404.3
166.4
92.7
57.7

989.1
38.9
7.5
69 8
288.8
15.5
26.6
44.5
40.5
7.1
77.4
35.9
30.7
45.2
25.4
34 3
4.1
10.0
13.8
8.0
28.5
12.9
19.7
32.3
5.8
9.7

855.2
32.4
6.5
62 6
270.3
14 0
22.3
34.0
35.1
6.0
67.1
32.2
27.6
37.4
18.6
21 6
3.4
8.4
11.0
6.9
24.2
10.4
15.8
26.8
5.0
8.5

930.5
39.5
7.0
69.0
273.3
143
25.4
41.4
38.2
6.7
71.1
33.2
26.3
42.2
23.8
32.2
3.8
9.2
12.7
7.5
25.7
12.0
17.2
33.2
5.1
9.2

845.5
37.1
6.6
69 8
244.4
146
23.5
33.7
35.0
5.9
67.6
32.1
25.5
37.6
18.4
20.5
3.5
8.5
10.8
6.7
24.3
10.8
15.2
31.2
4.8
9.0

6.0
14.1
8.8
16.5
6.3
18.6
13.3
3.7
2.8
9.9
5.4
4.6
16.5
3.4
2.7
3.6
3.8
5.1
9.8
3.2
11.5
5.2
5.0
19.9
6.5
17.4

5.1
11.7
7.6
14.6
5.7
16.5
11.1
2.8
2.3
8.0
4.5
4.0
14.4
2.7
1.9
2.2
3.1
4.2
7.9
2.7
9.7
4.1
3.9
16.5
5.4
14.9

5.7
14.3
8.2
16.5
5.9
17.1
12.7
3.4
2.6
9.4
5.0
4.2
14.2
3.1
2.5
3.3
3.5
4.7
9.0
3.0
10.3
4.8
4.4
20.5
5.8
16.6

5.0
13.3
7.7
16.4
5.2
16.8
11.5
2.8
2.3
7.9
4.5
4.0
13.2
2.7
1.9
2.1
3.1
4.2
7.7
2.7
9.6
4.2
3.8
18.8
5.1
15.6

2,213.0
171.9
251.2
1,113.2
135.1
57 3
84.3
59.8

2,286.5
175.8
258.1
1,143.7
142.0
59 7
87.2
59.0

65.4
4.3
8.1
26.7
4.5
2.5
3.0
3.0

62.6
4.2
8.0
26.1
4.3
24
2.9
2.6

65.9
4.4
8.3
26.8
4.4
2.4
3.0
3.0

62.3
4.3
8.4
26.0
4.2
22
2.9
2.4

3.0
2.5
3.3
2.4
3.3
4.4
3.6
5.1

2.8
2.4
3.1
2.3
3.0
4.1
3.4
4.4

3.0
2.6
3.3
2.4
3.3
4.2
3.6
5.1

2.7
2.4
3.2
2.3
3.0
3.7
3.3
4.2

1,683.8
212.3
107.9
574 3
267.7
150.1
191.3
113.6

1,681.0
212.3
107.6
576.0
268.5
149.2
189.0
112.8

1,698.1
213.2
108.8
578.1
271.2
152.4
193.4
113.8

65.5
10.2
3.3
23.3
9.7
6.0
5.1
5.5

51.2
7.7
2.3
18.6
7.9
4.8
3.7
4.4

59.0
9.3
2.9
20.9
8.7
5.2
4.6
5.0

42.2
6.6
1.9
15.1
6.7
3.8
3.1
3.6

3.9
4.8
3.1
4.1
3.6
4.1
2.7
5.0

3.0
3.6
2.1
3.2
2.9
3.2
1.9
3.9

3.5
4.4
2.7
3.6
3.2
3.5
2.4
4.4

2.5
3.1
1.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
1.6
3.2

397.4
70.3
298.9

387.3
68.6
292.3

400.5
70.9
300.3

16.1
3.0
11.3

16.1
3.1
11.3

14.7
2.9
10.0

13.4
2.4
9.2

4.2
4.4
3.9

4.1
4.3
3.8

3.8
4.2
3.4

3.3
3.5
3.1

1999

2000

1999

2000P

2,1176
54.5
48.5
463.8
72.3
64.9
66.2
49.4
169.6
265.1
160.8
83.4

2.185.4
55.5
50.1
482.1
75.3
68.9
67.7
49.3
175.3
273.2
168.7
86.0

2,118 7
54.4
48.7
464.3
72.0
65.1
65.7
49.6
169.4
267.1
161.5
83.8

2.172 7
54.8
50.1
481.7
74.5
68.2
66.9
49.4
175.3
272.3
168.7
86.3

100 9
2.8
1.5
14.2
3.4
2.8
4.4
3.8
6.2
11.6
5.5
2.4

104 3
3.5
1.6
14.9
3.8
3.3
4.3
2.5
5.2
14.2
6.0
2.3

89 7
2.5
1.4
12.9
2.9
2.4
3.6
3.6
5.3
10.7
5.0
2.2

311.5
140.6

314.0
143.3

309.0
139.5

314.2
142.7

26.8
8.0

23.5
7.2

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,306.2
60.4
1,543.0
375.3
58 8

2,374.7
60.2
1,588.7
395.9
56 6

2,316.5
60.5
1,549.3
376.5
59 1

2,379.1
61.4
1,591.0
395.7
56 6

93.6
48
46.0
10.2
11 2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,188.3
136.9
93 6
40.7
289.8
35.6

1,240.4
146.6
98.5
43.0
302.9
36.6

1,200.6
138.5
94 6
41.2
293.4
35.7

1,255.7
149.2
99 3
43.5
305.7
36.9

16,394.0
276.5
85.7
423 6
4,603.0
83.3
199.7
1,198.3
1,460.5
71.9
1,422.1
780.6
186.2
1,345.2
949.0
962 2
109.6
196.0
140.1
247.7
247.0
247.0
390.3
162.3
88 2
55.6

16,731.4
276.1
85.4
427.1
4,702.9
85.0
200.9
1,215.3
1,495.9
75.2
1,481.0
801.9
192.3
1,374.8
964.8
964 3
110.7
200.9
138.9
254.2
249.4
255.6
402.7
162.9
92.2
56.7

16,458.0
276.0
85.9
4189
4,623.6
83.8
200.5
1,203.8
1,466.6
71.5
1,430.9
782.4
185.5
1,353.1
954.0
965 0
110.9
196.7
141.4
249.3
249.5
249.2
392.4
162.1
88.7
55.5

2,202.5
171.7
250.3
1,109.4
134.8
56 9
83.8
58.8

2,271.7
175.2
255.8
1,142.0
140.5
59 7
85.6
58.4

1,666.6
211.0
106.2
570 8
266.6
148.2
187 5
111.6
386.8
68.5
292.0

.

...

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
..
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County ..
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
YubaCity
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley .
Pueblo
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

....

..

..

See footnotes at end of table.




March

1999

2000

1999
Alabama
Anniston
Auburn-OpGlika
Birmingham
Decatur ..
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

February

132

2000P

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force

Number
State and area
February

1999

2000

1999

2000P

15.7
58.5

7.3
2.9

5.9
2.4

6.6
2.6

5.6
2.2

266.5
6.2
30.8
4.3
6.7
2.5
2.2
15.6
7.6
8.0
60.0
2.3
3.4
22.4
3.8
5.8
1.5
5.2
3.7
31.3
22.7

262.8
5.3
29.8
4.6
6.6
3.1
2.1
17.3
7.8
7.3
56.2
2.4
3.5
22.7
4.0
7.1
1.2
5.2
3.9
33.4
21.6

3.8
3.3
4.1
2.4
5.9
3.5
2.2
2.9
4.0
4.2
5.9
2.7
3.8
2.7
7.0
3.5
3.4
2.1
2.6
2.7
4.7

3.6
2.8
3.8
2.5
5.5
4.2
2.0
3.2
3.9
3.6
5.3
2.6
3.8
2.5
7.6
4.1
3.0
2.1
2.5
2.8
4.1

3.7
3.3
4.1
2.4
5.5
3.2
2.1
3.0
3.9
3.9
5.8
2.5
3.5
2.6
5.8
3.4
3.2
1.9
2.5
2.7
4.5

3.5
2.7
3.8
2.5
5.2
3.8
2.0
3.2
3.8
3.4
5.3
2.4
3.5
2.5
6.0
4.0
2.5
1.8
2.6
2.7
4.2

142.9
3.3
1.6
63.5
9.8
6.2
5.8
4.6

170.8
5.1
2.3
71.6
10.3
6.4
7.6
5.6

141.3
2.8
1.5
60.8
8.6
5.4
9.8
4.3

4.2
9.1
2.7
3.3
5.2
5.4
4.8
4.3

3.5
5.8
2.2
2.8
4.7
4.8
3.8
3.4

4.2
8.7
3.0
3.3
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.1

3.4
5.1
2.0
2.7
4.1
4.2
6.3
3.2

35.0
22.1

27.6
17.5

33.5
21.0

26.5
16.6

5.9
5.2

4.6
4.1

5.7
5.0

4.4
3.9

660.3
235.4
41.1

44.8
10.2
2.6

37.8
8.6
2.4

43.0
9.4
2.3

33.9
7.6
2.0

6.9
4.5
6.4

5.8
3.7
5.8

6.7
4.2
5.7

5.1
3.2
5.0

6,297.7
90.2
97.6
4,199.4
186.6
59.8
51.8
184.2
197.8
106.9

6.370.0
93.5
100.1
4,251.5
189.8
60.5
51.8
185.3
200.3
107.5

285.7
2.1
2.8
Ml.7
9.7
2.7
3.4
7.6
9.8
4.2

299.6
2.8
2.7
187.0
9.7
3.1
3.1
8.3
10.3
4.4

266.8
1.9
2.5
169.4
8.4
2.5
3.1
7.0
8.9
3.9

286.3
2.5
2.5
183.7
7.8
3.0
2.7
7.4
9.7
3.9

4.6
2.4
2.8
4.3
5.2
4.6
6.5
4.2
5.0
3.9

4.7
3.0
2.7
4.4
5.1
5.2
6.0
4.4
5.2
4.1

4.2
2.2
2.6
4.0
4.5
4.2
5.9
3.8
4.5
3.6

4.5
2.6
2.5
4.3
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.0
4.9
3.7

3,079.2
62.2
97.0
157.6
259.7
296.7
838.4
51.2
92.3
60.9
133.1
69.6

3,041.2
60.8
94.5
154.8
260.9
295.6
823.2
49.6
90.2
61.6
134.5
68.9

3,085.2
61.7
97.8
157.9
261.3
296.8
839.9
51.0
91.9
60.6
133.8
69.8

105.6
1.7
2.1
5.8
8.9
13.1
22.2
1.6
2.3
2.7
44
3.7

111.2
1.6
2.2
5.7
8.4
14.3
23.4
1.5
2.6
2.5
5.0
3.7

99.9
1.6
1.9
5.2
8.2
13.2
21.1
1.5
2.2
2.5
4.1
3.4

109.3
1.4
2.4
5.6
8.5
14.1
23.8
1.5
2.5
2.3
5.0
3.6

3.5
2.8
2.3
3.7
3.4
4.5
2.7
3.3
2.6
4.3
3.3
5.3

3.6
2.6
2.3
3.6
3.2
4.8
2.8
3.0
2.8
4.1
3.8
5.3

3.3
2.6
2.1
3.4
3.1
4.5
2.6
3.0
2.5
4.0
3.0

3.5
2.3
2.4
3.5
3.3
4.7
2.8
2.9
2.7
3.8
3.8
5.1

1,572.7
113.8
254.7
48.4
68.1
64.3
67.8

1,559.1
111.8
253.4
48.3
67.1
63.3
66.9

1,575.2
113.6
255.8
48.2
69.2
64.6
67.8

52.4
2.6
5.8
2.0
1.5
2.1
2.8

43.5
2.3
5.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
2.2

51.8
2.6
5.9
1.8
1.6
2.1
2.9

40.8
2.1
4.9
1.3
1.2
1.7
2.2

3.4
2.3
2.3
4.0
2.3
3.4
4.2

2.8
2.0
2.1
2.8
1.9
2.6
3.2

3.3
2.3
2.3
3.7
2.3
3.3
4.3

2.6
1.8
1.9
2.7
1.8
2.6
3.2

1999

1999

1999

2000

1999

2000P

District of Columbia
Washington

276.2
2,547.9

278.7
2,659.9

278.0
2,558.3

278.9
2,665.9

20.3
74.0

16.5
64.4

18.3
65.9

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater..
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,194.9
189.5
755.9
177.2
121.7
75.7
103.2
524.9
196.8
202.1
1,023.6
92.4
96.0
850.4
63.8
167.9
46.4
265.4
145.7
1,172.5
498.7

7,458.8
193.5
776.9
183.0
127.5
80.1
106.1
543.5
202.1
209.6
1,044.1
97.5
99.7
899.3
65.0
175.4
47.7
281.1
150.4
1,229.0
516.2

7,240.9
190.1
760.2
178.5
122.3
78.1
103.9
529.4
197.0
202.7
1,029.2
92.6
96.1
857.4
64.9
169.7
46.7
267.9
146.6
1,179.5
500.3

7,513.2
194.6
780.2
184.3
128.1
82.4
107.0
547.7
203.2
210.6
1,051.6
98.5
100.4
905.4
66.9
177.5
48.2
284.1
151.6
1,235.5
519.9

272.2
6.2
30.9
4.3
7.2
2.6
2.2
15.1
7.8
8.4
60.4
2.5
3.6
22.8
4.5
6.0
1.6
5.6
3.8
32.0
23.6

266.2
5.5
29.7
4.6
7.1
3.4
2.1
17.2
7.8
7.5
55.1
2.5
3.7
22.7
4.9
7.1
1.4
5.8
3.8
34.1
21.2

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

4,041.5
58.9
74.3
2,161.5
205.5
127.4
153.5
135.9

4,122.0
55.8
73.5
2,241.7
207.9
128.4
152.9
134.4

4,049.8
58.6
75.2
2,168.4
205.3
128.1
153.4
135.9

4,132.8
55.5
74.5
2,250.3
207.7
128.0
157.3
134.4

171.7
5.4
2.0
70.3
10.7
6.9
7.4
5.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

589.9
423.1

599.3
426.7

590.0
423.0

601.4
427.9

Idaho
Boise City .
Pocatello ...

645.5
226.0
40.6

655.4
233.5
40.9

645.8
225.8
40.4

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,262.2
90.1
96.9
4.178.6
186.7
59.2
51.7
182.8
196.9
106.3

6,363.7
94.0
98.9
4,243.1
189.3
60.0
51.9
186.9
200.1
107.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson ...
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,028.8
61.2
93.5
154.4
260.6
294.2
818.4
49.3
90.1
61.7
134.3
69.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls ...

1,554.7
112.1
253.9
48.4
66.4
63.5
67.1

See footnotes at end of table.




March

February

March

February

March

133

2000

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

February

March

1999

February

March

1999

March

1999

2000

1999

2000P

48.2
2.0
3.0
11.1

3.3
3.5
3.5
3.1

3.6
3.9
3.8
4.0

3.1
3.1
3.1
2.9

3.3
3.5
3.4
3.8

94.2
6.0
17.4
2.5

78.4
5.1
17.5
2.3

5.3
2.4
3.4
5.1

4.7
2.2
3.5
5.1

4.9
2.3
3.2
5.1

4.0
1.9
3.1
4.5

94.2
2.7
11.2
3.7
8.5
3.9
2.5
24.3
8.1

105.8
2.7
11.2
4.4
10.9
4.3
2.9
25.9
9.0

98.7
2.9
11.5
4.0
8.8
4.2
2.6
25.8
8.5

5.6
5.0
4.2
5.0
6.3
5.0
4.5
4.5
5.5

4.7
4.4
3.7
4.2
4.9
4.3
3.5
4.0
4.4

5.2
4.4
3.8
4.8
6.2
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.9

4.8
4.6
3.7
4.4
5.0
4.6
3.5
4.2
4.6

35.2
1.9
2.6
3.4

30.8
1.7
2.2
3.2

34.3
1.8
2.5
3.2

30.7
1.7
2.1
3.0

5.4
3.7
5.0
2.6

4.5
3.1
4.0
2.3

5.2
3.6
4.8
2.5

4.5
3.0
3.9
2.2

2.794.3
1,311.1
44.9
68.5

117.9
59.9
4.2
3.6

97.6
49.4
3.7
2.5

103.0
52.6
3.9
3.1

83.7
44.0
2.8
1.8

4.4
4.7
9.5
5.3

3.5
3.8
8.2
3.6

3.8
4.1
8.8
4.5

3.0
3.4
6.2
2.6

3,246.3
68.3
1,805.8
131.7
67.7
200.8
167.7
80.7
38.9
281.0
251.6

3.256.4
70.8
1,814.1
133.6
66.4
204.4
169.2
80.4
38.8
282.1
250.4

112.1
3.9
49.1
4.8
2.9
9.2
5.7
5.9
2.0
11.2
8.5

113.0
4.0
50.2
5.0
2.9
8.6
5.7
5.9
1.8
11.0
8.6

117.0
3.9
51.9
4.9
3.1
9.4
6.0
6.0
2.1
11.5
8.9

92.6
3.1
41.6
4.1
2.4
7.3
4.6
4.4
1.6
9.2
7.1

3.5
5.8
2.7
3.7
4.4
4.6
3.4
7.4
5.0
4.0
3.4

3.5
5.7
2.8
3.7
4.3
4.2
3.3
7.3
4.7
3.9
3.4

3.6
5.7
2.9
3.7
4.5
4.7
3.6
7.4
5.4
4.1
3.5

2.8
4.4
2.3
3.1
3.7
3.6
2.7
5.5
4.1
3.3
2.8

5.026.5
306.1
82.8
2.251.8
189.0
602.8
76.8
232.9
245.1
197.9

5,117.1
309.8
83.9
2,292.1
201.4
607.7
77.4
238.7
247.0
202.5

5,050.2
306.8
83.3
2,261.1
188.8
605.4
76.8
234.3
245.8
198.2

238.8
8.7
4.0
95.5
11.5
22.7
3.4
9.7
7.8
10.8

173.3
6.0
3.0
65.7
9.1
17.4
2.5
7.8
6.0
7.9

230.6
7.8
4.0
89.1
11.1
21.9
3.4
9.6
7.5
11.0

172.0
5.8
2.9
65.6
9.1
16.9
2.3
7.4
5.7
7.9

4.7
2.8
4.8
4.2
5.7
3.8
4.4
4.1
3.1
5.4

3.4
2.0
3.6
2.9
4.8
2.9
3.2
3.3
2.5
4.0

4.5
2.5
4.8
3.9
5.5
3.6
4.3
4.0
3.1
5.4

3.4
1.9
3.5
2.9
4.8
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.3
4.0

2,635.8
120.6
1,653.3
69.7
95.5

2,707.6
124.5
1.707.6
73.1
98.7

2,646.4
121.4
1.663.7
70.5
95.4

2.723.1
124.6
1,714.9
73.6
99.3

88.3
6.0
38.9
1.5
3.8

83.1
5.3
37.1
1.9
3.4

85.8
59
38.4
1.5
3.8

83.9
5.8
37.4
1.9
3.4

3.3
5.0
2.4
2.2
4.0

3.1
4.3
2.2
2.5
3.4

3.2
4.9
2.3
2.2
3.9

3.1
4.7
2.2
2.6
3.4

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,246.2
167.5
50.3
219.7

1,307.4
179.1
51.8
231.0

1,255.9
170.7
50.1
220.3

1.312.7
179.7
52.1
232.4

60.2
5.0
1.3
6.5

71.8
9.1
1.6
7.8

66.8
5.7
1.6
7.2

74.6
9.7
1.9
8.5

4.8
3.0
2.7
3.0

5.5
5.1
3.2
3.4

5.3
3.3
3.1
3.2

5.7
5.4
3.6
3.7

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,785.5
81.1
80.6
965.9
48.8
1,297.3
162.2

2,886.3
82.1
82.8
1,003.8
51.7
1,333.9
171.1

2,788.9
81.3
80.9
966.0
49.4
1,292.3
162.1

2.903.9
82.5
83.4
1,000.5
51.8
1,343.9
173.1

108.7
1.1
2.5
32.7
2.0
49.7
4.3

84.1
0.8
2.0
28.0
1.6
41.3
3.4

103.4
1.0
2.5
30.8
2.2
47.3
4.1

88.1
0.8
2.2
29.7
1.7
42.8
3.6

3.9
1.3
3.1
3.4
4.2
3.8
2.7

2.9
1.0
2.4
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.0

3.7
1.2
3.1
3.2
4.5
3.7
2.6

3.0
1.0
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.2
2.1

468.3
71.7
37.6
50.6

474.1
73.6
37.4
54.8

470.0
72.5
37.7
51.0

477.6
74.2
37.5
54.9

31.7
3.2
2.6
2.5

28.5
3.3
2.3
2.4

29.8
3.1
2.4
2.3

27.1
3.2
2.2
2.1

6.8
4.4
7.0
5.0

6.0
4.5
6.1
4.3

6.3
4.3
6.3
4.6

5.7
4.3
5.8
3.9

1999

2000

1999

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1.412.9
55.0
89.7
286.9

1,438.1
56.3
89.4
291.5

1,420.1
56.0
89.9
288.2

1,443.5
57.1
90.0
292.6

46.7
1.9
3.2
9.0

51.3
2.2
3.4
11.7

43.6
1.8
2.8
8.4

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,924.5
255.6
545.4
48.9

1,957.0
261.1
560.9
50.6

1,936.0
257.9
548.5
49.2

1.963.7
263.1
564.2
50.7

101.4
6.1
18.5
2.5

92.1
5.8
19.7
2.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,027.1
60.3
298.5
91.8
174.5
91.4
70.1
612.0
182.2

2,010.2
61.1
306.0
89.2
173.0
91.0
71.0
603.4
181.8

2,038.3
60.5
298.7
92.1
175.9
91.6
70.6
616.5
183.5

2.039.4
62.1
309.5
90.7
175.0
92.2
72.2
610.7
184.7

114.5
3.0
12.5
4.6
11.0
4.6
3.2
27.7
10.1

649.5
50.8
52.1
130.6

682.4
53.4
54.7
139.6

656.7
50.2
52.7
132.0

688.8
54.7
54.6
140.4

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2.709.2
1,274.8
44.3
67.1

2,789.0
1,306.7
45.1
69.0

2,714.7
1.277.2
44.5
67.4

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,230.8
67.5
1,797.8
131.3
67.3
199.2
167.1
79.9
38.8
279.7
251.0

3,270.0
70.3
1,820.9
133.5
66.9
204.7
169.8
81.0
39.0
283.8
251.5

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,084.3
308.4
83.2
2,276.0
200.0
604.1
77.2
236.7
248.0
200.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Maine
Bangor
Lewi ston-Auburn
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula

2000P

See footnotes at end of table.




134

2000

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

1999

2000

February

March

1999

1999

2000P

February

March

2000

1999

2000P

March

1999

2000

1999

2000P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

891.8
139.5
378.8

932.1
148.5
396.6

892.1
139.9
378.6

932.1
149.2
396.4

29.7
3.7
11.0

28.2
4.0
10.7

27.8
3.5
10.7

23.3
3.3
9.2

3.3
2.6
2.9

3.0
2.7
2.7

3.1
2.5
2.8

2.5
2.2
2.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

922.1
709.3
171.7

960.6
746.0
176.5

918.4
707.5
171.0

956.1
741.9
175.1

40.1
27.6
8.5

36.1
27.6
5.7

37.6
27.2
7.1

34.2
26.9
5.0

4.4
3.9
4.9

3.8
3.7
3.2

4.1
3.8
4.2

3.6
3.6
2.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester..

652.8
103.8
104.0
120.8

677.4
108.9
105.0
127.1

656.0
104.8
104.5
121.2

675.0
108.5
104.8
126.1

22.9
3.3
3.6
3.5

20.3
3.0
3.1
3.1

22.1
3.2
3.5
3.5

16.9
2.4
2.8
2.4

3.5
3.2
3.5
2.9

3.0
2.7
3.0
2.5

3.4
3.0
3.4
2.9

2.5
2.2
2.7
1.9

4,142.7
166.2
674.0
281.2
633.9
504.6
1,013.2
166.0
64.3

4,203.0
165.1
679.9
280.4
648.7
510.7
1,032.9
167.5
63.6

4,166.4
167.3
678.6
283.6
636.3
509.2
1,016.6
166.8
64.6

4,206.0
165.0
682.5
279.1
650.0
515.3
1,033.0
167.1
63.7

198.2
16.9
31.1
20.2
20.4
23.8
46.1
7.1
6.0

183.4
15.2
28.4
17.1
19.3
23.1
42.0
5.9
5.6

204.5
17.0
32.7
21.3
21.0
23.8
48.2
7.3
6.1

163.8
13.0
26.1
16.2
17.5
19.3
38.8
5.2
5.1

4.8
10.2
4.6
7.2
3.2
4.7
4.6
4.3
9.4

4.4
9.2
4.2
6.1
3.0
4.5
4.1
3.5
8.8

4.9
10.2
4.8
7.5
3.3
4.7
4.7
4.4
9.5

3.9
7.9
3.8
5.8
2.7
3.8
3.8
3.1
7.9

799.9
350.9
66.7
71.4

829.5
366.8
70.2
74.6

801.9
351.4
67.8
71.6

835.5
369.4
71.3
74.9

44.5
13.0
5.3
1.8

44.1
12.4
5.6
1.9

45.2
13.5
5.4
1.8

45.1
12.8
5.8
2.0

5.6
3.7
8.0
2.5

5.3
3.4
7.9
2.5

5.6
3.8
8.0
2.5

5.4
3.5
8.1
2.6

New York
Albany- Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess Coumy
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,833.3
447.1
124.0
565.6
118.1
44.8
57.7
65.4
1,380.1
4,104.8
3,466.2
174.5
567.5
359.1
141.2

8,927.0
456.2
126.4
568.1
122.4
44.9
58.7
66.8
1,416.0
4.101.1
3,447.6
176.8
577.9
366.9
144.5

8,821.4
446.5
124.0
565.1
118.0
44.8
57.6
65.2
1,385.5
4,091.6
3,453.1
174.2
565.7
358.1
140.9

8,955.3
453.7
125.4
563.8
122.0
44.5
58.0
66.5
1,420.2
4,141.9
3,489.0
176.7
574.3
365.7
144.1

526.7
19.2
6.3
36.1
4.8
2.6
4.3
4.3
48.5
285.1
261.8
7.1
28.9
18.0
8.0

473.5
20.0
6.0
33.7
4.8
2.4
3.8
4.0
48.8
235.9
213.2
6.6
28.7
19.5
7.6

496.3
18.5
6.2
35.3
4.8
2.5
4.2
4.1
47.0
261.4
238.9
6.8
27.4
17.7
7.8

443.8
17.2
5.1
29.1
4.0
2.3
3.3
3.5
39.7
241.2
221.8
5.7
25.1
16.2
6.7

6.0
4.3
5.1
6.4
4.1
5.7
7.5
6.5
3.5
6.9
7.6
4.1
5.1
5.0
5.7

5.3
4.4
4.7
5.9
3.9
5.3
6.5
6.1
3.4
5.8
6.2
3.7
5.0
5.3
5.3

5.6
4.1
5.0
6.3
4.1
5.7
7.4
6.3
3.4
6.4
6.9
3.9
4.8
4.9
5.6

5.0
3.8
4.0
5.2
3.3
5.2
5.7
5.2
2.8
5.8
6.4
3.2
4.4
4.4
4.7

North Carolina
Asheville
Chariotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,798.2
108.7
760.8
114.9
47.1
631.6
64.4
168.6
45.9
619.5
65.4
108.2

3,884.5
109.9
780.1
116.6
47.9
648.7
66.0
172.2
46.5
641.8
66.6
109.9

3,819.3
109.7
762.3
115.1
47.4
635.3
64.3
169.3
46.3
623.3
66.4
109.1

3,917.9
111.5
785.5
116.9
48.5
653.0
65.8
173.4
47.2
647.0
66.8
110.9

135.0
3.2
19.5
4.6
2.1
16.0
2.8
4.3
1.7
10.4
4.2
4.5

147.5
3.4
23.4
5.3
1.9
19.5
3.0
3.8
1.7
11.9
4.4
4.8

119.9
2.7
16.7
4.3
1.9
13.9
2.5
3.8
1.8
9.4
4.0
3.5

131.5
3.0
21.8
4.5
1.8
16.5
3.1
3.8
1.5
10.6
3.7
4.1

3.6
3.0
2.6
4.0
4.5
2.5
4.4
2.6
3.8
1.7
6.5
4.1

3.8
3.1
3.0
4.5
4.0
3.0
4.6
2.2
3.7
1.9
6.6
4.4

3.1
2.5
2.2
3.7
4.1
2.2
3.9
2.3
3.8
1.5
6.0
3.3

3.4
2.7
2.8
3.9
3.6
2.5
4.7
2.2
3.3
1.6
5.6
3.7

328.9
51.9
99.8
51.4

332.1
53.0
101.8
51.9

329.5
52.1
99.8
51.2

333.6
53.1
101.6
51.8

13.6
1.9
2.6
1.9

11.4
1.6
2.2
1.8

14.6
2.1
2.5
1.9

11.5
1.5
2.3
1.9

4.1
3.7
2.6
3.6

3.4
3.0
2.2
3.5

4.4
4.0
2.5
3.7

3.4
2.9
2.2
3.6

5,596.7
354.4
197.0
822.7
1,090.7
807.8
463.7
180.7
73.9
81.7
56.3
312.6
273.3

5,794.9
371.5
206.6
855.7
1,122.9
833.3
475.7
188.5
76.6
84.9
55.1
323.6
282.8

5,625.3
356.9
198.2
827.8
1,094.7
809.7
464.7
182.0
74.9
82.1
57.1
314.0
275.5

5,791.9
369.9
205.7
859.6
1,121.6
837.3
473.8
187.3
77.1
85.1
55.3
323.9
280.3

268.1
16.8
10.0
29.6
54.4
23.4
18.6
6.4
3.9
4.8
4.8
16.2
16.9

281.9
18.3
10.8
32.2
57.7
24.8
20.1
6.4
3.6
5.7
2.9
15.6
17.5

256.5
16.5
10.2
27.9
52.3
22.2
17.7
6.2
3.5
4.8
4.7
15.4
16.5

240.9
15.4
9.3
27.9
49.6
22.4
16.4
5.5
3.3
5.3
2.4
13.6
14.8

4.8
4.7
5.1
3.6
5.0
2.9
4.0
3.5
5.2
5.9
8.6
5.2
6.2

4.9
4.9
5.2
3.8
5.1
3.0
4.2
3.4
4.7
6.7
5.2
4.8
6.2

4.6
4.6
5.1
3.4
4.8
2.7
3.8
3.4
4.7
5.8
8.1
4.9
6.0

4.2
4.2
4.5
3.2
4.4
2.7
3.5
2.9
4.3
6.3
4.3
4.2
5.3

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque .
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




135

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force

Number
State and area
February

February

March

March

1999

1999

2000

1999

2000P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

1,626.0
27.2
40.6
538.6
410.7

1,639.8
26.9
41.1
552.2
414.9

1,636.6
27.3
40.9
543.7
412.5

1,645.4
26.9
41.1
554.3
415.1

70.5
1.0
1.8
17.1
16.0

55.4
0.9
1.6
13.8
13.4

62.3
0.9
1.6
15.3
13.9

Oregon
Corvallis
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,740.1
41.0
162.2
87.4
1,035.6
166.2

1,796.8
40.3
167.1
91.2
1,076.9
169.6

1,747.1
41.0
162.7
87.7
1,039.0
166.5

1,809.5
40.7
168.8
91.4
1,080.6
172.1

123.5
1.6
10.8
8.0
53.2
12.4

105.8
1.1
10.5
6.4
46.7
11.1

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,892.6
310.0
62.1
139.5
344.0
102.1
238.3
2,483.9
1,139.5
180.3
302.7
56.8
65.4
56.6
192.6

5,922.8
310.3
63.0
139.7
341.9
102.8
240.6
2,529.0
1,140.3
181.3
302.4
57.6
67.1
56.6
191.7

5,924.5
311.4
62.2
139.7
345.4
102.4
239.0
2,502.1
1,146.0
180.7
304.3
57.4
65.5
56.5
193.6

5,919.6
311.8
63.1
139.5
341.8
101.6
241.4
2,524.4
1,138.2
181.2
302.7
57.5
66.7
56.5
191.4

295.7
14.9
3.4
8.0
11.8
7.5
7.4
105.2
58.6
8.4
20.4
2.7
2.2
3.6
7.5

496.7
571.3

500.0
574.2

495.7
571.3

500.3
572.5

1,933.0
263.6
278.7
62.5
488.0
98.2
46.9

1,962.5
274.0
283.1
63.2
487.9
102.9
47.0

1,938.3
265.2
280.7
62.3
491.7
100.1
46.6

388.3
45.3
99.3

393.0
46.8
102.6

2,774.0
224.8
84.2
56.8
224.5
347.4
548.6
649.1
10,048.7
59.1
110.9
690.5
181.1
102.8
126.5
75.7
173.4
1,872.2
285.4
877.2
121.4
2,114.0
113.7
72.2
102.9
120.4
198.1
123.2
49.7
750.7
49.8
55.2

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota .
Rapid City ....
Sioux Falls ...
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana

1999

2000

1999

2000P

51.5
0.9
1.4
14.0
12.4

4.3
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.9

3.4
3.4
3.9
2.5
3.2

3.8
3.3
3.8
2.8
3.4

3.1
3.2
3.4
2.5
3.0

119.1
1.5
10.3
7.7
51.8
11.9

98.8
1.0
10.0
5.7
43.9
10.6

7.1
3.9
6.6
9.2
5.1
7.5

5.9
2.6
6.3
7.0
4.3
6.5

6.8
3.6
6.3
8.8
5.0
7.2

5.5
2.4
5.9
6.3
4.1
6.2

280.0
13.8
3.3
78
10.9
7.6
6.8
106.1
53.8
7.8
18.3
3.3
2.0
3.4
7.3

289.9
14.2
3.3
7.8
11.8
7.4
6.9
104.6
57.6
8.5
19.4
2.8
2.2
3.3
7.4

255.7
12.2
3.0
7.1
9.8
6.6
5.9
98.0
49.3
7.0
16.4
3.0
1.7
2.9
6.2

5.0
4.8
5.5
5.7
3.4
7.3
3.1
4.2
5.1
4.6
6.7
4.8
3.3
6.4
3.9

4.7
4.4
5.3
5.6
3.2
7.3
2.8
4.2
4.7
4.3
6.0
5.6
2.9
6.0
3.8

4.9
4.6
5.3
5.6
3.4
7.2
2.9
4.2
5.0
4.7
6.4
4.9
3.3
5.9
3.8

4.3
3.9
4.8
5.1
2.9
6.5
2.5
3.9
4.3
3.9
5.4
5.3
2.6
5.2
3.3

27.3
31.4

24.7
29.3

21.8
27.0

20.4
24.0

5.5
5.5

4.9
5.1

4.4
4.7

4.1
4.2

1,973.7
277.9
287.1
63.0
493.8
103.8
47.0

91.4
9.0
6.5
3.3
16.6
6.2
2.7

86.3
9.1
7.1
3.3
15.7
6.0
2.4

74.8
7.4
6.1
2.7
14.3
3.7
2.2

62.4
7.0
5.7
2.5
11.0
3.2
1.9

4.7
3.4
2.3
5.3
3.4
6.3
5.8

4.4
3.3
2.5
5.2
3.2
5.8
5.2

3.9
2.8
2.2
4.3
2.9
3.7
4.8

3.2
2.5
2.0
4.0
2.2
3.1
3.9

392.2
46.1
100.7

397.4
47.4
103.7

14.6
1.4
2.2

11.6
1.3
2.0

14.6
1.4
2.2

10.8
1.2
1.7

3.8
3.2
2.2

3.0
2.7
1.9

3.7
3.1
2.2

2.7
2.5
1.7

2,790.2
226.3
85.5
58.4
225.0
347.1
561.6
659.8

2,796.4
226.4
85.2
57.6
226.0
349.5
551.0
653.7

2,820.6
227.8
85.8
58.3
226.1
349.0
565.2
668.9

126.9
8.4
3.0
2.1
10.9
15.6
19.4
17.7

104.4
6.3
2.8
1.9
9.2
12.6
18.5
16.1

121.6
8.1
2.9
2.1
10.8
14.6
19.5
17.7

102.2
6.2
2.6
2.0
8.9
11.4
19.0
16.2

4.6
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.9
4.5
3.5
2.7

3.7
2.8
3.3
3.2
4.1
3.6
3.3
2.4

4.3
3.6
3.4
3.6
4.8
4.2
3.5
2.7

3.6
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.9
3.3
3.4
2.4

10,297.6
60.2
113.9
726.8
177.7
104.0
129.2
77.2
174.6
1,937.8
287.7
906.9
121.2
2,170.6
115.6
73.2
102.4
124.8
204.8
118.2
49.6
779.3
50.9
56.4

10.088.1
59.2
111.6
694.9
181.2
103.1
124.7
76.3
174.1
1,885.1
283.7
881.3
121.3
2,127.0
113.9
71.9
102.8
121.0
197.3
122.2
49.8
755.2
50.0
55.3

10,315.7
59.9
113.6
729.5
177.5
103.3
129.9
77.8
175.6
1.945.9
286.3
913.3
121.0
2,168.7
115.8
73.3
102.4
125.7
206.0
117.2
49.7
775.3
51.0
56.6

476.9
2.4
3.3
16.1
13.5
6.4
15.7

470.4
2.2
4.3
15.3
14.3
7.1
13.4
1.2
11.6
61.1
25.2
29.0
7.0
96.1
4.1
6.0
6.5
3.3
32.4
7.8
1.7
27.2
2.0
3.1

448.5
2.2
3.0
14.8
14.5
6.2
12.4
1.1
10.3
53.6
26.0
26.0
7.1
85.2
3.7
6.6
6.9
3.3
30.5
11.0
2.2
21.9
2.3
3.0

455.3
2.2
4.2
15.0
14.5
6.8
12.7
1.2
11.3
60.2
24.0
28.6
7.1
93.3
3.8
5.7
6.1
3.8
29.6
7.5
1.6
26.1
1.8
2.9

4.7
4.0
3.0
2.3
7.5
6.2
12.4
1.7
6.2
3.0
9.9
3.1
6.0
4.1
3.5
10.1
7.1
2.9
17.6
9.5
4.7
3.0
5.1
5.9

4.6
3.7
3.8
2.1
8.0
6.8
10.4
1.6
6.6
3.2
8.8
3.2
5.8
4.4
3.5
8.2
6.3
2.6
15.8
6.6
3.4
3.5
3.9
5.5

4.4
3.7
2.7
2.1
8.0
6.0
10.0
1.5
5.9
2.8
9.1
2.9
5.9
4.0
3.3
9.2
6.7
2.7
15.4
9.0
4.4
2.9
4.6
5.5

4.4
3.6
3.7
2.1
8.2
6.5
9.8
1.6
6.4
3.1
8.4
3.1
5.9
4.3
3.3
7.7
6.0
3.0
14.4
6.4
3.3
3.4
3.6
5.1

1999

See footnotes at end of table.




March

February

136

1.3
10.8
56.2
28.3
27.2
7.3
86.9
4.0
7.3
7.3
3.4
34.9
11.7
2.3
22.3
2.5
3.3

2000

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

1999
Texas—Continued
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

2000

February

March
1999

1999

2000P

February

March

2000

1999

2000P

March

1999

2000

1999

2000P

88.0
41.9
99.8
64.4

89.9
43.3
102.5
63.7

88.5
42.1
100.1
63.7

90.2
43.3
102.4
64.2

3.9
1.8
3.4
3.5

3.2
1.5
3.2
3.1

3.7
1.7
3.2
2.6

3.2
1.5
3.2
3.0

4.4
4.3
3.4
5.5

3.6
3.6
3.1
4.8

4.2
3.9
3.2
4.0

3.5
3.4
3.1
4.6

1,059.8
159.7
679.2

1,091.4
165.7
699.5

1,058.8
159.7
676.8

1,088.5
165.7
696.3

46.4
6.2
27.2

35.7
4.5
21.2

44.3
6.0
26.1

31.6
4.0
18.9

4.4
3.9
4.0

3.3
2.7
3.0

4.2
3.7
3.9

2.9
2.4
2.7

332.8
100.3

338.7
103.0

334.9
100.8

339.9
103.6

14.5
2.9

12.6
2.4

12.2
2.3

9.2
1.8

4.4
2.9

3.7
2.3

3.6
2.3

2.7
1.7

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,439.2
73.8
55.6
102.3
718.9
501.7
124.4

3,602.0
77.6
57.6
107.6
744.0
524.6
128.3

3,451.5
74.0
55.9
102.7
721.1
502.1
124.7

3,619.8
79.3
58.1
108.0
747.3
526.2
128.9

95.2
0.8
2.8
2.2
23.8
11.4
2.3

100.1
1.1
2.8
2.2
23.3
10.9
2.4

88.5
0.8
3.4
2.2
20.5
10.4
2.0

91.0
1.1
3.3
1.9
21.4
10.6
2.2

2.8
1.1
5.1
2.2
3.3
2.3
1.9

2.8
1.4
4.9
2.0
3.1
2.1
1.8

2.6
1.1
6.0
2.1
2.8
2.1
1.6

2.5
1.3
5.7
1.8
2.9
2.0
1.7

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,059.3
81.4
93.1
101.6
91.7
1,405.1
211.8
334.9
107.8

3,067.0
81.2
95.0
103.0
91.5
1,412.6
212.5
337.4
104.5

3,049.5
80.8
92.8
100.9
92.5
1,397.6
211.1
334.7
109.3

3,064.0
81.2
94.4
103.2
92.0
1,407.2
212.0
336.8
105.5

175.6
5.8
5.1
5.4
7.9
50.9
14.3
17.2
15.1

168.2
4.6
5.4
5.1
7.3
51.9
13.8
17.3
13.8

156.6
4.6
4.9
4.8
6.7
47.6
12.6
15.7
13.3

145.4
4.4
4.7
4.5
5.9
45.8
11.3
15.5
11.6

5.7
7.1
5.5
5.4
8.6
3.6
6.8
5.1
14.0

5.5
5.7
5.7
4.9
8.0
3.7
6.5
5.1
13.2

5.1
5.7
5.3
4.8
7.3
3.4
6.0
4.7
12.1

4.7
5.4
5.0
4.4
6.4
3.3
5.3
4.6
11.0

801.5
132.0
137.8
75.6
72.1

799.5
131.4
137.6
75.9
72.8

810.6
132.6
138.6
75.9
73.3

801.7
131.5
138.2
76.0
73.4

59.9
6.9
10.8
5.2
4.6

53.2
6.3
8.9
4.6
4.6

63.1
7.0
10.2
5.2
4.7

48.2
6.0
8.4
3.9
3.9

7.5
5.2
7.9
6.9
6.4

6.7
4.8
6.4
6.0
6.3

7.8
5.3
7.4
6.9
6.4

6.0
4.5
6.1
5.1
5.3

2,835.8
214.6
80.6
130.6
76.5
79.2
70.1
253.3
784.2
89.4
58.8
71.3

2,963.9
227.9
85.6
140.7
78.2
83.5
71.3
265.9
819.5
90.7
61.8
75.6

2,830.5
214.8
80.4
130.7
76.6
79.0
69.3
253.4
785.5
89.4
58.9
70.8

2,973.1
228.9
86.5
141.1
78.3
82.7
70.1
266.8
822.2
91.2
62.0
76.7

115.8
6.8
3.4
3.9
3.3
3.0
2.7
4.6
27.5
4.6
1.4
3.2

107.7
5.9
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.0
2.8
4.6
26.8
4.2
1.3
2.9

108.8
6.4
3.1
3.5
3.0
2.8
2.3
4.3
26.9
4.3
1.4
3.0

110.5
6.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.0
2.6
4.6
27.6
4.1
1.4
3.8

4.1
3.2
4.2
3.0
4.3
3.8
3.9
1.8
3.5
5.2
2.4
4.4

3.6
2.6
4.0
2.6
4.7
3.6
4.0
1.7
3.3
4.6
2.2
3.8

3.8
3.0
3.9
2.7
3.9
3.6
3.3
1.7
3.4
4.8
2.3
4.3

3.7
2.6
4.4
2.6
4.5
3.6
3.8
1.7
3.4
4.5
2.2
5.0

257.7
33.6
39.5

258.5
34.2
40.1

260.4
34.3
40.1

259.9
34.1
40.5

16.5
2.2
1.7

14.1
2.0
1.6

15.2
2.0
1.5

12.5
1.8
1.3

6.4
6.6
4.2

5.4
5.7
3.9

5.9
6.0
3.7

4.8
5.2
3.2

1,319.7
47.8
51.9
119.5
95.0
110.8
725.6

1,308.6
47.0
52.2
121.9
90.0
110.4
722.3

1,322.1
48.0
52.4
121.3
95.2
111.0
723.4

1,325.4
47.6
52.8
123.0
92.4
111.5
729.8

165.2
8.5
7.4
13.9
15.4
17.9
72.2

136.9
7.3
6.9
12.1
12.3
15.1
59.2

167.6
8.6
7.7
14.4
15.5
18.3
72.3

137.3
7.3
6.7
11.8
13.5
14.9
58.0

12.5
17.8
14.3
11.6
16.3
16.1
10.0

10.5
15.5
13.2
9.9
13.6
13.7
8.2

12.7
17.9
14.7
11.8
16.3
16.5
10.0

10.4
15.3
12.7
9.6
14.6
13.3
7.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly




household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and
will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

137




Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
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Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices
Employment and Unemployment:
Employment, hours, and earnings by industry
National
State and area
National labor force data
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
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Prices and Living Conditions:
Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

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Compensation and Working Conditions:
National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Safety and health

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
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Productivity:
Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Multifactor productivity

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http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm

Employment Projections

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International data:
Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes

http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm




Annual Averages
Regions, States, and Areas

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1,866.3
463.5
173.1
220.1
157.2
78.3

1,898.1
473.2
177.3
225.2
160.9
80.7

1,923.9
482.1
180.4
228.4
166.1
82.6

10.5
3.3
( )
1
( )
(1)
2.7

10.6
2.9
( )
1
( )
(1)
3.0

268.7
123.9

275.0
128.7

277.6
131.3

10.0
2.4

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

1,984.6
1,383.0
315.4

2,074.7
1,458.1
324.1

2,160.2
1,524.5
335.5

13.8
6.3
2.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,104.0
138.5
95.8
303.3
35.8

1,122.2
141.9
97.4
308.4
36.1

1,141.9
147.5
100.2
313.5
36.2

13,129.7
179.2
274.3
3,865.1
131.7
947.8
1,233.9
841.4
625.2
117.6
1,054.2
983.5
926.6
151.4
165.4
167.4
150.0
242.7

13,596.1
184.3
279.1
3,943.5
137.2
976.2
1,299.2
882.2
652.0
121.2
1,105.5
1,012.3
956.3
155.0
173.1
171.5
156.8
252.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

1,979.5
157.7
217.5
1,055.9

Connecticut

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

1

1998

1999

2.9

97.2
26.7
6.0
17.2
8.4
5.5

100.2
28.2
6.2
17.8
8.6
5.3

104.3
29.2
6.6
18.4
8.7
5.8

10.8
3.0

9.5
2.7

12.8
6.6

13.4
7.0

13.8
7.3

13.0
5.6
2.2

11.5
4.1
1.9

131.8
95.1
19.4

143.8
105.4
19.8

154.6
113.4
21.6

3.2

47.6
5.7
4.0
14.3
1.0

48.0
5.6
4.1
14.6
1.0

50.4
6.0
3.9
15.6
.9

611.2
9.9
14.7
118.4
8.0
54.1
65.5
60.8
37.1
5.5
61.8
38.3
41.7
6.8
10.2
8.7
10.6
12.7

679.2
9.8
15.8
125.0
9.3
61.5
73.4
70.0
43.8
6.2
66.4
42.1
45.6
7.7
12.0
10.2
11.9
14.4

1

9.9
2.4
1

( )
(1)
(1)

3.4

3.6
(1)

1997

1999

(1)

(1)

.7

.8

.9
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

13,972.2
188.5
288.1
4,005.3
141.4
1,009.9
1,345.2
933.6
686.8
127.1
1,150.2
1,043.1
968.8
158.9
179.4
178.3
165.0
263.0

29.0
10.4
.5
5.5
2
( )
2.1
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.0
.1
.6
1.5

25.2
9.1
.3
4.9
2
( )
1.9
.9
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.9
.4
.1
.5
1.3

23.7
8.3
.4
4.4
2
( )
2.5
.7
.9
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
1.1

550.0
8.8
13.3
109.5
6.8
50.0
58.1
52.1
33.2
4.6
53.0
35.1
37.3
6.7
9.3
7.5
10.0
11.1

2,057.0
163.8
224.1
1,096.3

2,133.5
170.5
234.6
1,137.4

14.0
(1)
(1)
6.9

14.2
(1)
(1)
6.7

13.1
(1)
(1)
6.0

119.0
6.5
12.4
61.6

132.6
7.4
12.9
68.8

147.5
8.0
14.0
78.0

1,612.6
184.3
85.8
597.8
249.4
136.2
201.5
85.8

1,643.4
186.3
88.1
603.9
256.5
137.6
205.6
86.7

1,671.7
187.1
88.8
612.0
259.2
140.1
209.6
87.6

.8

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

56.3
6.2
3.5
19.8
9.2
4.5
5.8
3.2

58.9
6.4
3.8
20.2
9.8
4.7
6.0
3.3

61.0
6.6
4.0
21.5
9.9
4.9
6.3
3.4

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

387.9
51.4
301.5

400.2
53.1
311.4

411.6
55.0
320.3

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

21.9
2.3
16.6

22.5
2.6
16.5

24.1
2.6
17.8

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

618.4
2,483.8

613.6
2,550.9

615.8
2,629.1

.1
1.0

.1
1.1

.1
1.2

9.1
126.3

9.0
130.8

9.0
139.0

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral

6,414.4
150.1
626.2
151.8
111.5
508.9
169.2
176.7
961.7
794.8
149.4
243.4
148.0
1,069.0
438.2

6,636.5
153.7
639.5
157.7
114.7
525.5
175.0
180.2
975.9
837.9
153.5
247.1
152.2
1,114.8
457.3

6,876.9
156.3
658.9
163.7
118.0
537.6
179.3
184.0
992.2
880.9
156.1
264.9
156.8
1,157.0
472.2

6.1

334.3
7.7
34.3
12.4
4.4
28.1
9.0
9.2
33.8
43.2
10.6
12.5
6.1
51.4
24.6

348.8
7.9
35.2
13.6
4.4
28.4
9.9
9.4
33.7
46.3
10.9
13.2
6.2
54.0
26.6

364.9
8.1
36.7
15.3
4.7
29.2
9.9
10.2
34.8
48.5
10.9
14.6
6.5
55.9
27.2

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc ....
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

See footnotes at end of table.




140

.5

.8

.8

(M
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(M
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

.1

(2)
(2)
(2)

6.7
(2)

.1

3.1

.2

2.5

3.1
(2)

(2)
.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2>
(2)
(2)

(2)

.3

.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.4

(2)

(2)

(2)
(1)

6.6
(2)

.5

.4

.4
(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing
r

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1997

1999

1998

1997

1998

Wholesale and retail trade

1999

1997

1998

1999

380.5
51.7
38.8
27.5
17.8
11.6

377.8
51.8
37.9
27.9
18.2
12.5

368.7
51.1
35.3
26.5
18.6
13.2

91.2
30.3
3.8
12.9
6.5
2.4

92.5
30.8
4.0
13.0
6.8
2.5

94.5
31.2
4.5
13.2
7.3
2.4

427.3
112.1
34.7
58.0
37.4
18.4

436.2
114.8
35.6
59.0
37.8
18.8

446.1
118.9
36.7
59.8
38.5
19.1

15.2
2.0

14.4
2.0

13.9
2.1

24.2
12.3

25.5
13.2

26.1
13.8

55.9
30.7

56.5
31.0

57.3
31.4

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

207.4
161.5
28.3

216.0
169.5
29.0

211.4
164.8
30.4

96.6
70.4
13.6

100.9
74.1
12.9

103.7
79.5
12.0

482.4
338.7
69.2

498.0
353.5
69.8

511.3
365.0
70.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdaie-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

252.9
34.0
27.1
33.5
8.2

253.5
33.9
27.4
33.5
8.5

252.6
34.5
28.5
32.9
8.4

65.7
9.3
6.5
21.1
1.8

67.6
9.9
6.5
21.3
1.8

69.2
10.5
6.5
21.4
1.8

252.4
38.7
20.0
70.3
7.3

256.0
40.3
19.6
70.9
7.2

262.4
42.4
20.1
72.4
7.2

1,914.0
9.6
30.2
661.4
26.1
120.1
222.4
104.8
45.3
9.6
123.1
76.7
258.2
17.1
26.1
23.7
17.8
32.8

1,951.0
9.9
30.7
661.7
26.6
121.3
231.7
111.4
46.8
9.4
127.6
77.1
261.3
17.8
28.1
23.4
19.2
36.0

1,922.8
9.9
31.2
643.4
25.8
117.4
228.9
118.3
48.1
10.5
128.3
74.6
249.0
16.4
29.7
23.8
20.2
38.9

663.7
9.9
14.0
211.9
5.4
60.9
44.4
42.5
24.7
5.4
41.6
79.0
27.2
5.4
6.1
12.0
6.1
9.7

695.4
11.0
13.6
225.2
5.3
62.5
46.3
45.7
26.2
5.4
47.0
80.1
28.3
5.3
6.4
12.2
6.2
10.6

718.9
11.1
13.6
234.2
5.6
64.2
48.1
48.7
27.5
5.5
51.9
81.7
28.4
5.0
6.4
12.9
6.0
11.6

3,048.8
42.6
67.4
858.6
33.5
212.3
309.9
217.9
136.7
31.0
244.0
206.9
182.7
36.6
41.3
40.0
39.3
59.2

3,123.6
42.8
68.0
871.9
34.7
220.3
322.5
223.2
140.0
31.8
249.4
211.2
186.4
37.4
42.6
41.0
39.9
59.7

3,193.7
44.3
69.1
885.3
36.0
230.3
331.6
231.7
144.7
33.2
255.3
217.7
189.8
39.1
42.6
42.1
41.1
61.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

204.0
31.5
26.3
92.8

207.4
32.5
27.0
92.9

203.9
32.9
27.7
90.4

123.8
3.7
12.0
85.8

130.2
4.0
11.7
92.1

139.4
4.9
13.3
98.5

480.1
35.0
48.5
255.7

491.7
34.8
49.8
260.0

507.0
35.2
51.8
268.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

276.1
39.5
18.9
93.7
39.2
24.7
28.2
18.7

276.9
39.1
19.7
94.6
40.0
24.4
27.3
18.8

269.0
37.6
19.1
91.5
39.8
23.9
25.7
18.1

75.0
7.1
2.6
26.9
16.0
6.4
10.3
3.5

75.7
7.0
2.8
26.4
16.3
6.8
10.4
3.7

78.0
2.9
27.1
16.5
7.2
10.4
4.1

351.5
41.4
22.0
123.9
52.5
27.7
44.9
17.7

355.8
42.0
21.7
123.4
54.3
27.6
44.4
17.9

359.7
42.0
21.3
123.4
54.5
28.0
44.8
18.3

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

57.8
6.0
43.3

59.7
6.2
45.4

59.6
6.2
45.4

15.7
1.7
13.6

16.2
2.0
13.9

16.9
2.0
14.6

85.3
12.9
61.1

87.0
12.2
63.0

90.2
12.6
65.7

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

12.7
100.4

12.2
102.5

12.0
99.4

17.4
113.8

16.6
117.8

17.4
125.7

48.5
470.7

48.1
474.9

47.6
480.5

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

492.0
14.1
40.4
6.8
5.5
37.8
20.6
27.1
75.5
52.3
11.1
20.6
5.2
88.7
30.1

493.5
13.5
39.7
7.0
5.6
39.3
20.5
26.7
72.9
53.8
10.3
21.1
4.9
88.9
31.3

487.8
12.2
37.6
7.0
5.5
39.0
20.7
26.0
70.0
53.2
9.7
21.8
4.7
89.2
33.0

326.8
4.3
31.3
7.0
2.3
36.3
8.7
5.1
83.3
40.9
7.1
5.2
4.0
47.6
16.0

337.4
4.8
30.7
7.6
2.4
37.3
8.9
5.2
86.2
42.9
7.5
5.3
4.0
50.3
16.1

349.9
5.6
32.4
7.9
2.4
37.9
9.2
5.8
88.8
44.5
7.7
5.4
3.8
53.0
16.1

1,649.2
42.5
177.2
42.9
23.4
126.0
47.8
41.5
253.3
198.5
38.6
58.9
30.1
258.4
113.4

1,684.0
42.7
180.3
44.7
23.8
129.1
49.2
43.0
256.2
205.5
38.8
59.3
30.7
262.1
117.4

1,721.0
43.0
183.7
46.4
24.4
131.1
50.8
45.3
261.1
215.3
38.7
60.6
31.1
264.2
118.5

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.




141

7.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1997

Services

1999

1998

1997

1998

Government

1999

1997

1998

1999

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

84.7
34.4
4.8
10.0
9.4
2.5

87.7
35.5
4.8
9.9
9.9
2.4

91.5
37.9
5.0
10.3
10.7
2.6

428.6
136.2
46.6
60.0
41.0
13.7

446.0
140.8
49.5
62.8
42.8
14.3

457.1
143.5
52.2
64.6
45.0
14.6

346.2
68.9
38.6
34.5
36.7
21.6

347.1
68.5
39.4
35.0
36.8
21.8

351.8
68.0
40.2
35.5
37.3
22.0

Alaska
Anchorage

12.2
7.2

12.5
7.5

12.8
7.7

65.3
34.9

68.2
36.3

70.5
37.8

73.2
27.9

73.7
28.6

73.6
28.5

127.7
107.2
12.1

135.6
114.0
13.0

139.7
118.8
13.1

596.7
431.9
99.3

626.1
453.3
105.8

679.5
493.9
112.9

328.2
171.9
71.3

341.5
182.7
71.7

348.7
185.1
72.8

44.1
4.9
3.2
17.4
1.3

45.0
5.1
3.1
18.0
1.3

46.0
5.5
3.2
18.2
1.2

254.4
27.0
24.3
87.8
8.5

263.5
27.9
26.0
90.8
8.6

270.6
29.5
27.1
92.8
8.8

183.4
19.0
9.8
58.9
7.7

185.2
19.1
10.0
59.4
7.8

187.5
19.2
10.1
60.2
8.0

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc..
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

758.3
6.6
13.7
220.2
4.5
54.6
92.9
29.8
42.2
5.9
60.9
103.0
30.6
7.2
9.6
8.6
5.9
12.6

799.4
7.2
13.9
228.4
4.5
55.4
100.4
30.6
47.5
6.1
65.3
108.0
31.8
7.5
9.9
8.5
6.0
13.6

821.5
7.3
14.3
233.7
4.5
57.1
105.2
32.0
50.4
6.4
68.7
108.0
32.8
7.5
10.3
8.5
6.6
14.8

4,025.3
43.0
70.0
1,261.9
32.1
279.9
372.7
221.5
173.9
32.9
339.3
358.2
301.8
46.5
47.4
41.3
39.6
72.4

4,224.3
45.6
71.8
1,292.2
34.5
291.8
395.6
234.9
182.5
33.7
359.6
374.4
317.8
47.4
49.7
42.9
42.6
75.5

4,377.9
47.7
75.0
1,317.0
36.6
304.2
415.8
248.8
193.5
35.4
380.0
392.9
332.0
50.0
51.5
45.0
45.3
76.5

2,140.7
48.2
65.1
536.3
23.4
167.9
132.7
171.6
169.1
28.1
192.0
124.0
88.5
30.9
25.2
34.3
30.8
43.3

2,166.1
48.8
66.2
541.0
23.7
168.9
136.4
174.7
171.8
29.2
194.5
122.7
88.9
31.8
25.6
34.8
31.8
43.1

2,234.6
50.1
68.8
562.4
23.8
172.7
141.4
183.2
178.6
29.7
199.3
125.6
91.2
32.4
26.6
35.7
33.5
43.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

127.4
5.5
11.7
84.1

135.7
5.9
12.9
89.2

141.3
6.7
13.8
92.7

595.5
49.6
71.9
324.7

622.8
53.0
73.9
339.4

652.5
56.3
77.4
353.2

315.6
25.9
34.8
144.2

322.3
26.1
35.9
147.2

328.8
26.5
36.6
150.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

132.1
10.3
4.4
70.5
13.1
3.7
23.3
4.0

136.5
10.5
4.8
71.3
13.6
3.7
25.2
3.6

140.7
11.5
5.3
73.2
12.9
3.8
26.9
3.9

495.0
59.1
24.5
169.5
88.1
34.2
71.6
26.3

511.0
60.4
25.1
174.9
90.9
34.9
74.5
27.0

526.8
60.9
25.4
179.4
93.1
35.7
77.3
26.9

225.7
20.6
9.9
93.4
31.2
35.0
17.6
12.3

227.8
20.9
10.2
93.1
31.6
35.5
17.8
12.3

235.7
21.3
10.7
95.8
32.4
36.6
18.1
13.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

46.8
2.1
41.0

48.2
2.2
42.4

49.4
2.1
43.1

107.1
11.6
87.8

112.0
12.5
91.2

116.4
13.7
94.0

53.2
14.9
38.0

54.4
15.6
38.9

55.0
15.8
39.6

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

28.4
135.2

29.9
141.2

31.3
145.5

269.1
952.4

271.8
1,000.1

275.8
1,048.5

233.2
584.1

225.8
582.5

222.7
589.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

408.4
6.5
44.6
8.8
5.1
53.2
7.9
6.0
67.2
46.0
6.0
11.6
5.8
75.9
31.0

430.7
6.8
47.6
9.0
5.2
55.6
8.4
6.3
66.9
49.7
6.0
12.1
6.3
81.3
33.4

449.1
6.9
49.5
9.5
5.3
56.6
8.5
6.3
67.2
58.0
6.1
11.8
6.7
84.5
33.8

2,254.9
52.2
214.6
49.0
32.4
161.5
46.9
63.2
312.8
329.7
47.2
111.4
39.0
414.2
169.4

2,380.6
54.9
221.7
50.5
34.9
169.5
48.8
65.0
322.1
352.5
50.9
112.4
41.5
443.6
178.4

2,531.1
57.1
234.4
51.4
36.8
177.9
51.5
65.7
331.7
371.7
54.1
126.8
44.1
475.0
188.3

942.2
22.9
83.8
24.7
38.4
65.6
25.2
24.5
135.4
83.9
28.5
23.2
57.8
132.4
53.8

954.8
23.1
84.1
25.2
38.5
66.0
26.2
24.6
137.5
86.8
28.8
23.6
58.5
134.2
54.2

967.0
23.4
84.4
26.0
39.0
65.5
26.1
24.8
138.4
89.2
28.8
23.7
59.5
134.9
55.4

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

See footnotes at end of table.




142

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

3,614.4
59.4
71.7
1.959.1
192.6
115.7
147.4
131.6

3,740.8
59.3
73.3
2,042.8
196.5
118.2
147.9
133.4

3,889.8

2,149.1
201.8
121.4
151.1
136.8

Hawaii
Honolulu

531.6
403.0

531.3
400.8

533.7
399.5

Idaho
Boise City

509.9
193.8

521.8
202.7

539.7
211.1

3.1

2.9

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

5,772.1
79.3
96.8
4,038.4
178.4
56.8
43.2
170.4
176.5
112.1

5,898.5
84.2
98.4
4,124.9
183.8
57.7
43.3
175.1
178.3
114.1

5,955.2
88.4
101.4
4,178.7
185.3
59.6
43.3
175.2
179.7
114.1

11.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,858.6
64.5
116.5

2,917.3
64.7
120.4
155.1
273.8
268.5
847.3

1998

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

153.5
269.0
265.2

828.9
51.2

1999

168.0
3.5
2.6
93.8
11.6
5.3
6.2
7.7

181.5
3.5
2.8
102.1
12.0
5.5
6.3
8.0

198.9
3.9
2.9

22.3
17.3

21.6
16.6

21.5
15.9

2.6

31.9
13.6

32.3
13.8

35.2
15.2

10.9

10.6

239.9
3.0
3.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

230.8
2.6
3.2
157.6
9.2
3.7
2.0
7.8
6.8
4.7

251.9
3.5
3.8
173.8
9.4
3.7
2.1
8.0
7.5
5.0

2,968.3
65.8
125.1

6.8

6.8

6.8

145.7

159.5
274.9
269.9

1.3

867.6
52.8

.8

140.7
3.0
4.6
9.8
12.8
17.8
44.9
2.1
3.8
2.5
7.5
3.0

1.9
4.0
2.4
7.3
3.2

1.9
4.0
2.5
7.3
3.5

59.9
5.4
12.1
1.8
2.2
3.6
2.7

63.0
6.3
12.6
1.8
2.4
3.0
2.7

65.2
6.3
13.7
2.0
2.6
3.1
2.8

58.8
2.1
4.4
14.0

61.5
2.2
4.7
14.6

65.6
2.5
5.0
15.2

83.6
13.6
29.2
3.3

86.7
14.5
30.6
3.4

7.9

8.1

1.6
.4

1.6
.4

1.8
.3

1.2

1.0

59.4
74.0

51.9
93.7

(M
1.0

1.2
(!)
.7

(M

163.1
9.5
3.8
2.0
8.2
7.0
4.7

2.9
4.9
10.5
13.1
19.2
46.0

114.2
13.3
5.6
6.9
8.1

147.9
3.0
5.0
10.9

13.5
17.0
48.5

134.4
67.4

59.4
135.8
67.1

96.0
59.7
136.5
68.3

.2

.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,407.0
112.0
270.9
50.7
65.5
65.2
71.4

1,442.8
116.5
279.1
51.4
68.4
66.1
73.3

1,466.7
121.5
284.1
52.3
70.9
66.7
72.7

2.1

2.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,268.2
46.0

1,327.0
48.6

8.2

7.4

6.4

99.6
275.3

1,312.2
47.5
100.9
286.2

285.3

1.4

1.3

1.1

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,711.2
268.4
549.6
43.1

1,752.8
277.1
565.4
44.0

1,794.5
285.2

23.1
.3
.6
.3

22.9
.3
.6
.3

21.6
.3
.7
.2

81.8
13.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,849.9
53.7
281.3
74.7
160.7
85.6
68.0
613.9
169.9

1,889.5
55.5
291.7
78.9
165.9
86.8
69.4
620.8
172.6

1,897.9
57.5
300.9
76.1
162.7
88.3
71.5
620.3
174.3

54.3
.1
.9
7.2
15.5

57.3
.1

46.8
.1

117.6
3.2
30.9
3.6
8.9
10.3
3.5
31.2
9.6

126.6
3.6
33.8
4.3
9.8
10.4
3.6

130.0
4.0

33.4
9.8

32.6
9.4

553.7
41.2
142.2

569.2
42.9
145.7

585.8
44.4
147.6

23.3
1.6
6.4

25.1
1.6
6.6

28.1
1.7
6.9

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

92.0
59.6

(M

100.9

579.0
44.9

See footnotes at end of table.




2.1

143

1.0
7.4

1.0
5.7
12.5

1.3
.2
15.2
2.6

17.1
1.3
.2
15.2
2.7

.1

.1

.1

1.3
.2
13.3
2.1

28.9
3.2

35.8
4.3
9.6
11.1
3.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1997

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

1998

1999

1997

1998

Wholesale and retail trade

1999

1997

1998

1999

588.6
9.0
11.6
218.8
41.1
21.7
20.3
17.7

594.6
8.7
11.7
223.6
40.5
21.9
19.7
17.9

599.1
8.3
11.9
226.5
29.2
21.6
19.2
18.1

230.4
3.1
1.8
163.8
6.5
4.0
5.4
9.7

243.9
3.5
1.8
174.5
6.7
4.1
5.6
9.1

257.5
3.6
1.9
183.8
18.1
4.4
6.0
9.1

910.8
13.9
18.2
521.7
41.9
26.1
34.0
32.8

930.7
13.8
17.9
539.2
42.1
25.5
33.4
33.7

968.8
13.9
17.5
563.9
43.0
26.3
34.7
35.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

16.6
12.8

16.4
12.8

16.5
12.7

41.3
33.2

41.1
32.6

41.0
31.9

134.3
99.6

132.2
96.9

132.7
96.5

Idaho
Boise City

74.6
34.8

76.1
36.4

76.6
36.6

24.3
9.6

25.5
10.4

26.8
11.0

129.1
46.6

132.5
48.6

136.0
50.9

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

973.1
8.7
11.6
656.6
30.5
13.5
8.4
32.6
52.7
4.4

974.8
8.9
11.5
655.1
31.6
14.0
7.7
34.0
52.9
4.6

956.4
9.1
12.0
639.5
30.8
14.3
7.0
33.9
52.0
4.4

338.7
2.9
2.6
248.4
9.5
5.1
2.1
9.6
9.1
4.8

347.5
3.1
3.0
256.5
10.3
5.2
2.2
10.0
9.3
4.7

346.6
3.0
3.5
257.7
10.5
5.4
2.4
10.1
9.1
4.6

1,320.1
17.6
21.4
914.7
47.4
12.4
10.9
41.2
37.0
23.6

1,332.3
17.9
21.5
921.5
48.3
12.3
10.9
41.7
37.2
23.4

1,344.0
18.1
21.8
929.9
48.4
12.7
11.4
41.3
37.8
23.0

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

676.7
10.0
58.2
32.4
75.1
50.3
127.3
20.5
22.3
11.0
22.3
11.8

684.9
9.5
60.8
32.1
75.8
50.5
127.6
20.6
22.6
10.1
22.6
12.1

690.0
9.4
64.1
31.5
75.1
49.0
127.7
20.8
23.1
9.9
22.8
12.4

140.3
1.9
2.9
7.2
12.8
15.5
50.5
1.2
2.3
3.3
5.6
3.0

144.8
1.9
2.9
7.4
13.3
14.9
53.0
1.2
2.4
3.5
5.8
2.9

147.1
1.7
3.0
7.4
13.9
15.3
54.2
1.2
2.4
3.7
5.5
3.0

680.8
14.7
22.2
38.1
64.0
63.4
215.4
11.1
19.0
13.7
34.6
19.1

687.7
14.8
22.4
38.1
64.4
63.2
219.2
11.4
19.2
13.8
34.7
18.8

702.2
15.4
23.5
39.1
65.1
64.5
223.4
11.4
19.7
13.7
35.2
19.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

253.3
21.6
25.0
11.9
4.8
12.8
14.8

261.3
22.5
25.0
12.0
5.1
13.7
15.1

261.3
22.2
24.5
11.9
5.6
13.8
14.4

65.7
8.0
13.6
2.1
2.2
3.9
2.4

69.1
8.6
14.6
2.1
2.2
3.9
2.6

72.0
11.8
14.8
1.9
2.4
3.9
2.6

345.6
25.3
70.7
12.2
13.0
16.0
16.7

353.2
25.8
72.2
12.4
14.2
16.1
17.3

355.9
26.4
72.3
12.9
14.7
16.2
17.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

206.6
5.4
9.8
69.5

214.1
5.5
9.8
74.2

213.2
5.4
9.9
73.5

72.2
1.2
6.3
10.8

74.6
1.3
5.9
11.0

77.8
1.4
5.7
11.2

309.0
11.7
21.5
61.9

318.9
11.9
21.7
63.8

318.7
12.1
21.7
62.8

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

316.8
46.5
88.0
7.0

320.3
48.6
88.8
7.1

320.7
48.8
89.0
7.0

97.0
10.8
40.0
2.2

102.1
11.2
43.4
2.2

105.2
11.4
45.0
2.2

409.2
60.7
135.2
1.0.9

416.9
62.2
138.4
11.0

426.2
63.9
140.0
11.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

191.1
3.4
24.4
7.3
16.0
11.8
8.0
48.9
19.2

191.0
3.6
24.5
8.6
15.1
11.9
7.9
49.3
18.8

188.3
3.7
24.3
8.2
15.0
11.5
8.1
49.8
18.9

110.3
2.7
12.5
8.1
9.7
4.4
3.7
41.8
8.3

112.9
3.0
12.9
8.6
9.9
4.5
3.8
41.6
8.4

112.6
3.4
14.0
8.3
9.6
4.6
3.8
40.8
8.3

430.6
12.3
66.0
17.5
41.2
18.2
16.9
151.8
39.0

439.2
12.9
69.0
18.3
42.6
18.6
17.1
152.6
39.6

443.2
13.2
70.4
18.4
42.8
19.1
17.4
152.7
39.9

87.8
7.8
15.0

87.1
7.8
14.7

86.1
7.9
14.7

23.1
1.7
6.6

23.6
1.8
6.9

24.0
2.0
6.8

139.4
10.5
41.1

142.3
10.9
41.7

146.3
11.2
41.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




144

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1997

Services

1999

1998

1997

1998

Government

1999

187.2
2.1
2.2
126.7
6.0
8.0
8.4
4.4

198.2
1.9
2.4
134.1
6.1
8.2
8.9
4.6

202.6
1.7
2.4
137.0
6.1
8.2
8.9
4.6

944.4
15.3
15.6
578.0
45.9
30.1
38.9
38.6

15.2
16.5
609.2
48.3
31.9
39.7
39.5

1,065.6
15.3
17.4
660.4
51.1
33.5
41.1
41.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

36.2
29.1

35.5
28.5

35.0
27.9

169.2
121.2

172.2
123.3

Idaho
Boise City

25.4
11.0

22.9
11.0

23.6
11.4

121.7
48.8

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

397.4
14.1
3.7
310.6
8.1
2.0
1.7
7.8
7.4
7.9

404.2
16.3
3.8
313.6
8.2
2.1
1.7
7.7
7.4
7.9

406.5
18.1
3.9
314.6
8.1
2.1
1.8
8.1
7.5
7.8

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

138.8
2.4
2.9
7.2
14.9
9.2
62.4
1.5
3.8
1.8
6.7
2.3

140.7
2.4
2.9
7.2
14.9
9.1
63.1
1.5
4.0
1.9
7.0
2.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

79.6
5.9

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

60.7
2.0
6.8

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1997

577.3
12.6
19.7

1998

1999

254.7
39.3
20.4
33.1
20.7

586.0
12.7
20.3
258.5
40.3
21.0
33.3
20.7

589.4
12.5
20.1
261.5
40.8
21.7
33.4
20.5

174.3
124.0

111.7
89.7

112.2
90.1

112.8
90.5

127.0
51.4

133.4
54.0

100.0
29.5

102.6
31.1

105.7
32.2

1,692.1
19.8
21.0
1,258.4
47.1
13.6
11.4
52.6
46.0
32.8

1,772.8
21.0
21.6
1,320.3
49.3
13.8
11.9
54.2
46.9
34.7

1,812.3
22.0
22.2
1,364.4
51.5
14.9
11.8
54.1
47.7
35.3

808.3
13.6
33.4

816.1
14.1
33.5

826.9
14.6
34.3

490.4
26.7
6.6
6.8

493.2
26.5
6.6
6.8

497.1
26.6
6.5
6.8

18.9

19.4
17.7
34.1

19.7
18.2
34.0

142.6
2.4
3.1
7.7
14.5
9.2
64.9
1.6
3.8
1.9
6.8
2.4

682.4
12.8
18.8
42.5
62.9
72.4
223.9
8.1
17.7
15.7
44.1
16.5

707.5
13.5
18.9
43.7
65.9
73.9
232.0
8.4
18.6
15.8
44.8
16.3

728.7
14.1
18.8
45.9
66.4
76.7
239.8
9.1
19.1
16.0
45.1
16.3

392.0
19.7
7.1
15.0
26.6
36.7
103.7
6.8
23.1
11.6
13.6
11.4

399.2
19.8
7.7

403.0
19.8
7.6
15.9
26.3

83.1
6.3
39.6
1.9
2.1
2.8
3.2

85.1
6.6
40.3
1.9
2.5
2.9
3.1

366.1
34.9
77.1
17.3
14.0
18.9
19.1

374.8
35.7
80.2
17.6
14.9
19.0
20.0

385.7
36.5
82.5
18.0
15.3
19.0
20.0

234.6
11.0
35.1
3.7
27.4
7.5
12.4

236.2
11.3
34.9
3.7
27.5

7.7
12.4

239.4
11.6
36.0
3.8
27.9
7.7
12.4

62.0
2.1
6.8
11.4

63.0
2.0
6.6
11.5

317.3
11.0
28.3
73.8

333.9
11.4
29.7
76.7

342.6
11.7
30.5
76.7

235.5
12.6
22.6
32.9

239.8
13.1
22.3
33.2

239.7
13.6
21.5
33.2

69.1
10.1

69.7

71.0

10.2

423.2
72.1

29.5

1.7

1.8

1.9

159.0
10.7

442.7
76.2
165.0
11.1

462.5
80.3

29.3

10.2
30.2

171.0
11.6

290.9
55.0
68.6
7.1

294.7
54.8
70.5
7.2

300.7
55.8
72.6
7.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

85.5
2.3
17.5
2.3
6.1
2.7
4.9

85.3
2.6
16.9
2.1
6.3
2.5
5.6
30.8
6.5

496.3
16.5
72.0
15.7
40.2
23.9
18.2

508.8
16.6
74.0
16.0
41.7
24.2
18.7

189.0
52.1

192.7
54.0

522.5
17.0
77.7
15.1
42.9
24.6
19.5
196.2
56.3

364.2
13.2
57.2
13.1
23.2
13.1
12.9
104.4
32.5

367.3
13.3
58.4
13.6
23.5
13.3
12.9

31.6
6.6

86.6
2.4
18.0
2.1
6.3
2.7
5.2
31.6
6.4

104.4
33.0

369.4
13.6
60.8
14.1
24.2
13.6
13.0
104.0
33.0

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

28.4
2.1
12.3

29.7
2.2
12.9

31.0
2.4
13.8

158.7
12.8
42.9

166.8
13.8
44.5

174.1
14.3
45.3

93.0
4.7
17.9

94.6
4.8
18.4

96.1
4.9
18.6

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

37.4
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.3

11.0

See footnotes at end of table.




145

17.5
33.8

15.0
26.4
37.7
105.6
6.8
22.9
11.9
13.7
11.4

38.1
108.3
6.9
24.0
12.1
13.8
11.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
1997

1998

1999

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,267.1
1,168.2
403.2
831.4

2,324.4
1,188.2
400.0
860.6

2,382.1
1,213.8
403.6
888.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,109.2
56.5
1,905.5
94.7
51.8
149.3
115.0
63.4
41.7
250.9
222.9

3,178.6
58.5
1.946.7
96.4
52.1
153.2
118.9
64.4
42.1
253.7
228.9

3,236.1
61.1
1,981.6
99.1
52.5
158.5
123.1
65.0
42.5
257.8
230.9

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,448.2
266.3
70.9
2,076.7
182.4
550.6
60.5
208.9
232.2
177.4

4,494.9
274.6
71.1
2,111.9
175.8
564.1
61.1
212.5
232.9
178.4

4.528.4
280.6
72.5
2,128.0
173.1
576.0
62.1
214.6
235.0
179.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,490.8
110.8
1,616.6
73.8
84.7

2,555.1
113.0
1,658.2
78.3
87.6

2,608.5
114.4
1,704.1
81.1
91.6

( )
(1)
(1)

Mississippi
Jackson

1,107.1
220.7

1,133.7
226.8

1,154.8
230.8

(2)

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,639.4
916.6
1,291.2
160.3

2,684.0
944.4
1,307.6
163.0

2,725.1
963.8
1,321.1
167.4

Montana

364.9

373.0

381.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

854.3
145.6
395.4

876.3
148.0
406.2

890.9
152.3
415.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

890.7
631.5
177.5

925.9
663.0
182.5

985.1
714.5
187.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

570.2
96.7
91.3
115.1

589.0
100.0
93.9
116.7

604.6
102.9
96.1
119.1

3,724.6
180.6
638.3
469.8
240.7
606.7
362.4
948.1
197.4
58.3

3,800.8
182.2
654.8
484.0
244.1
619.9
368.7
967.5
198.8
59.1

3,866.1
183.4
665.9
494.3
247.5
632.5
375.7
985.4
200.1
59.2

708.5
333.4
51.1
71.1

720.0
338.5
52.6
72.5

730.1
344.8
54.9
74.0

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.




146

1997

1998

1

.1
.1
.2

1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

.1
.1
.2

7.9
5.1

5.9

93.7
4.0
59.0
2.9
3.9

101.8
4.1
64.7
3.0
4.3

112.1
4.7
72.0
3.1
4.0

5.2

50.9
11.1

54.4
11.0

55.7
11.4

5.2

121.0
45.8
65.5
6.8

126.2
47.9
68.1
7.2

138.3
51.6
74.0
7.9

5.1

17.7

18.8

19.6

1.2

38.2
6.4
18.1

41.0
6.7
20.3

43.2
7.3
21.6

12.0
1.8
.5

81.6
64.3
12.0

86.0
68.7
12.9

90.5
71.5
14.1

.5

20.9
4.3
2.8
3.4

23.0
4.6
3.0
3.9

24.4
4.9
3.1
4.0

2.1

135.0
6.6
23.2
22.5
5.1
19.3
18.4
32.5
4.7
2.1

137.8
6.5
23.5
23.0
5.2
19.9
18.6
33.6
4.8
2.0

43.2
21.5
3.2
3.7

43.7
21.8
3.4
4.2

6.3

4.7

(2)
4.9

(1)
(1)
(1)
5.4

(M
(1)
(1)
5.2
1.2

1.2
(1)
(1)

14.7
2.2
.7

7.4
4.8

1.0

( )
(1)
(1)

(2)

(1)
(1)

190.0
11.0
2.6
82.0
7.5
27.1
2.8
8.9
8.9
9.8

6.9

2

( >
(1)
(1)

)
1
)
1
( )

185.5
10.7
2.4
81.5
7.3
25.9
2.6
8.7
8.9
9.4

.1
.1
.2

8.1
4.9
2

1

179.8
10.1
2.4
78.0
7.0
24.9
2.4
8.3
8.6
9.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

(])
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

C)
(1)
<1)

2

118.9
3.0
68.5
4.2
1.9
6.5
5.4
2.6
1.8
8.7
7.9

1.0

(])
(1)
(M

)
)
1
)
( 1)
( 1)
(1)
1

108.4
2.7
61.8
3.7
1.8
5.9
5.2
2.5
1.8
8.0
7.3

(1)
(1)

.8
1

100.3
2.6
56.7
3.3
1.6
5.6
5.1
2.2
1.6
7.6
7.1

.5

7.8
(1)
(1)

)
)

1.4
(1)

.4

7.6
1

150.8
70.7
14.0
65.5

1.3
(1)

.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

141.3
64.9
12.0
62.1

( )
(1)

1.3
(1)

(1)
(1)

13.2
2.0
.5
.5

.5
(1)

(1)

(])
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(])
(1)

.3

.3

.3

130.7
7.3
22.2
21.5
4.5
18.9
17.8
31.2
4.6
2.0

15.7
(1)
1
( )
(1)

15.1
(1)
1
( )
(1)

13.6
(1)
1
( )
(1)

42.7
22.1
3.2
3.5

2.0

1.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
(1)

(M
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.8

(1)

(1)

.5

.5

(1)
.7

1999

138.3
64.3
12.4
59.8

1

( )
(1)

( )
(1)

1998

1.4
.4

1.3
.4

1.3
.2
1

1997

1999

.9
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

Wholesale and retail trade

1999

1997

1998

1999

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

176.9
100.8
31.2
38.7

178.2
100.3
30.0
39.5

177.0
98.0
29.2
40.0

107.2
58.2
19.9
34.4

108.3
57.4
19.5
36.0

111.3
58.5
18.6
37.7

536.2
269.5

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

447.9
2.0
222.7
10.7
13.7
38.5
28.4
13.4
7.6
38.8
41.3

448.2
2.2
222.8
11.0
13.5
39.0
28.7
13.3
7.4
38.7
41.1

433.4
2.6

132.9
2.9
82.4
5.0
2.0
4.9
6.7
3.3
1.2
9.7
9.5

136.5
3.0
84.3
5.0
2.0
5.4
7.1
3.5
1.3
10.0
9.8

139.0

706.9
19.2
411.2
31.1
12.2
34.5
24.4
16.2
10.3
58.5
49.8

720.8
19.9

212.1
11.4
13.0
39.2
27.8
13.1
7.3
38.3
39.5

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

966.3
52.6
19.8
441.2
42.1
154.6
12.8
49.3
30.0
39.7

969.7
53.1
19.4

977.9
54.3
19.6

173.5
6.4
2.9

1,050.6
55.4
15.9

446.8
35.1
160.3
12.2
48.8
28.7
39.5

94.0
5.6

176.6
6.5
3.3
95.4
5.7
20.6
3.7
7.6
6.6
6.6

1,046.0
53.4

444.3
37.9

177.7
6.5
3.1
97.4
5.8
19.9
3.6
7.5
6.4
7.1

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

435.0
8.3
275.4
11.7
15.6

441.2
8.3
278.2
13.2
16.2

439.5
8.1

123.9
7.1
88.4
2.2

127.5
7.5

130.5
8.0

3.1

90.5
2.4
3.4

93.9
2.5
3.4

600.6
27.5
386.1
14.6
25.4

610.9
27.7
392.0
15.2
25.8

619.4
27.9
399.9
15.2
26.8

Mississippi
Jackson

241.8
20.6

245.5
20.5

244.9
20.4

53.0
15.5

53.8
16.5

55.5
17.6

238.4
53.3

245.2
55.1

252.4
55.9

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

418.0
106.8
195.8
23.7

418.4
107.9
195.0
23.4

411.0
107.1
189.6
23.1

165.4
74.4
83.4
10.6

168.5
77.9
84.3
11.3

171.7
80.6
86.8
11.8

624.5
225.5
305.5
45.0

632.5
231.2
308.7
45.7

642.2
233.6
312.2
47.3

Montana

24.1

24.2

24.5

21.1

21.8

22.2

98.8

100.3

101.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

116.4
17.2
39.4

118.9
18.2
40.1

117.5
18.2
40.0

53.6
9.3

55.9
9.7

57.4
9.3

28.1

29.8

31.1

208.9
30.6
94.7

212.1
31.0
97.4

215.4
31.9
100.4

40.7
22.0
13.4

41.9
22.7
13.7

42.3
23.3
13.4

45.6
32.7
11.3

48.2
34.7
11.9

51.5
37.9
12.1

180.2
129.7
40.6

189.2
138.4
41.2

201.5
148.8
42.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

107.2
14.2
27.7
18.9

108.6
14.6
28.0
18.6

106.6
14.7
27.4
18.2

19.4
5.6
2.2
3.9

20.5
5.8
2.8
3.9

21.3
6.2
3.1
3.8

148.6
23.7
22.4
30.7

152.6
24.5
23.2
31.1

160.0
25.0
24.8
32.5

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

481.9
6.3
106.5
54.8
28.6
92.4
21.2
135.1
19.5
13.0

478.0
6.3
105.7
54.8
27.3
93.5
20.6
135.1
17.8
12.8

466.8
6.0
103.3
54.6
26.8
90.3
20.2
133.4
16.4
12.4

256.1
7.1
34.9
22.0

260.3
6.9
36.6

263.4
6.8
37.2

871.3
37.4
175.5

885.8
37.9

28.3
49.7
20.4
80.4
7.3
2.8

22.8
29.7

22.9
30.3

48.9
20.0
82.4
7.2
2.7

48.7

19.6

124.5
56.0
142.3
98.9

85.1
7.3
2.7

189.4
32.3
11.6

127.4
57.6
144.1
99.2
193.7
32.7
11.7

906.2
38.6
181.0
131.6
58.3
146.9
101.5
198.6
33.6
11.8

46.2
29.3
2.8

44.7
28.4
2.9
2.0

42.3
26.7
3.1
1.8

32.0
15.5
1.8
1.2

33.7
16.6
2.0
1.3

35.4
18.7
2.0

167.9
80.8
10.9
15.2

169.9
81.5
11.0
15.2

171.2
81.4
11.3
15.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

2.1

159.1
12.5
49.1
28.5
39.3

See footnotes at end of table.




147

277.0
13.0
17.1

18.7
3.5
7.0
6.1
7.2

3.1
85.8

4.9
2.0
5.7
7.2
3.5
1.5
10.3
10.1

1.2

63.8

198.5

15.8
485.1
44.0
136.5
15.5
46.2
51.3
44.6

540.6
272.8
62.7
200.3

417.3
32.1
12.4
35.3
25.6
16.5
10.3
59.2
51.6

492.6
44.5
140.7
15.5
47.3
52.0
45.1

177.7

549.5
277.3
62.0
201.7
738.0
20.8
426.6
32.7
12.9
36.9
27.9
16.9
10.3
61.4
52.4
1,062.6
56.1
16.1
491.6
44.2

145.7
15.8
48.4
52.4
45.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1997

1998

Government

Services

1999

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

131.2
72.8
33.5
50.0

135.0
74.2
33.7
50.9

140.1
75.1
33.9
52.7

755.4
391.8
153.8
285.7

787.8
405.4
154.7
302.8

814.0
419.2
159.7
317.4

420.8
210.6

431.8

88.6

87.4
169.0

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

212.2
3.2
158.0
3.2

218.3
3.1
163.6
3.1
1.5
4.8
3.4
1.8
1.9

226.3
3.4
170.4
3.2
1.5
5.4
3.4
1.9
13.2

14.8

15.0

1,133.6
20.0
765.3
25.4
13.1
44.1
33.5
17.0
14.3
79.1
68.6

1,161.3
20.3
782.2
26.0
13.4
45.6
35.5
17.0
14.6
79.7
71.9

404.6
7.4
227.8
16.2

13.2

1,103.1
19.2
746.3
25.2
13.2
43.2
31.8
16.6
14.1
78.3
66.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

205.7
9.8
2.6

207.9
9.9
2.5

207.9
10.1

1,221.9

1,239.7

64.9
19.0

67.9

1,239.5
69.9

647.4
69.3
8.5

111.3
6.5
22.1
1.9
10.8

113.6
6.5
22.8
1.9
10.6
14.1
6.8

2.4
113.2
6.6
22.5
2.0
10.6
14.6
6.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

147.4
3.4
115.6
2.3
3.0

155.9
3.4
123.2
2.4
3.2

160.3
3.4
127.2
2.5
3.4

41.7
15.6

42.5
16.0

155.1
64.4

79.9
7.0

1.5
4.5
3.6
1.8

1.9
12.8
14.9

1.9

638.2
53.5
140.6

19.2
651.4

19.5

667.0
49.1

164.4

7.6
18.1
15.0
9.8
5.0
45.1
34.2

212.9

1999

438.1
214.6
86.2
173.9

411.6
7.7
231.2
16.1
7.8
18.7
15.5
9.9
5.1
45.4
35.5

417.8
8.0
235.7

656.0
71.2
8.7
230.1
24.7
54.5
10.0
34.7
64.9
22.3

667.1
72.8
9.0
231.1
24.9
56.0
10.2
35.0
64.7
22.6
387.5
22.9
231.3
7.4
13.1

16.7
7.9
19.2
15.9

10.0
5.1
46.1
33.9

141.3
15.1
54.5
58.2
48.4

143.8
15.5
55.4
48.8

228.1
23.8
53.1
10.0
34.1
66.0
22.0

751.9
34.5

379.6
23.6

472.6
32.9
21.0

728.4
33.7
486.9
34.9
21.9

502.3
37.4
23.9

219.0
7.2
12.7

381.3
23.3
222.3
7.2
12.8

42.4
16.2

256.3
58.8

262.6
60.1

269.9
60.8

219.0
45.1

223.4
46.7

228.9
48.0

162.0
67.8
82.5
7.7

165.9
70.5
83.4
8.8

737.9
269.3
405.7
47.9

757.5
278.3
414.0
48.3

770.5
286.8
420.3
48.4

412.8
130.3
155.5
19.2

414.1
133.3
155.1
19.5

420.3
133.8
154.9
20.0

Montana

16.4

17.0

17.5

103.9

107.2

112.3

77.4

78.6

78.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

54.9
9.2
32.8

58.0
10.0
34.0

60.9
10.8
35.9

228.9
37.8
131.1

238.2
39.5
134.0

243.2
41.1
136.3

152.2
35.1
51.3

150.9
33.0
50.7

152.1
33.7
50.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

40.3
30.4
8.0

43.2
32.5
8.4

44.1
33.7
8.1

381.0

392.4

284.2
68.6

293.2
70.4

425.6
322.3
73.2

106.5
65.9
23.0

111.8
70.8
23.6

117.5
75.1
23.8

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

29.8
7.3
4.7
6.3

31.4
7.5
5.1
6.5

32.6
7.9
5.1
6.5

165.0
30.9
23.2
30.4

172.8
32.0
23.5
31.6

177.7
33.2
24.1
32.5

78.8
10.6
8.3

21.5

79.8
10.9
8.4
21.2

81.4
11.0
8.5
21.6

239.6
6.1
34.6
22.7

248.1
5.9
37.1
24.8

1,262.1
90.6

26.7
45.8

18.1

18.5
74.4
11.2

1,172.8
87.8
193.2
145.9
58.3
181.0
122.2

1,221.2
89.8
204.0
152.4

25.9
45.3

256.5
6.0
38.2
27.1
28.1
47.1
18.7

76.4

296.9
70.2
12.5

306.6
73.4

570.3
28.7
71.4
78.3
39.0
76.7
63.9
142.6
52.3
13.0

570.4
28.7
70.5
79.3
38.2
77.8
64.0
142.0
51.8
13.8

571.1
28.9
70.4
78.9
38.4
79.2
64.1
141.6
51.5
14.0

195.5

202.8
107.2
12.8
21.9

177.0
64.2
19.6
24.9

178.5
65.8
18.7
25.1

180.3
66.5
18.4
25.6

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

13.7
6.7

71.8
11.2
3.2
31.4
16.8
2.0
3.2

2.9
32.2
17.5
2.0
3.5

See footnotes at end of table.




148

11.2
2.9
33.0
19.1
2.1
3.6

14.6
53.1
56.6
47.9
702.7
31.9

104.7
11.0
21.0

49.2

59.4
190.1
128.0

12.8

59.3

212.3
156.3
60.6

199.9
133.1
315.8
75.4
13.2
210.8
110.7

14.5
22.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

1997

1998

1999

8,067.1
432.4

8,236.7
439.7

113.1
544.3
107.1
42.8

114.3
545.6
108.9
43.8

8,453.7
451.5
117.7
554.3
113.1
44.4
50.8
1,191.4
4,156.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

49.4

49.9

1,121.1
3,952.5
3,441.9
121.1
531.5
100.6
335.8
127.1
389.5

1,148.4
4,050.1
3,528.0
124.3

396.0

3,663.2
107.8
753.7
632.4
613.7

3,773.8
110.4
779.2
647.8
645.4

3,866.1
111.2
812.7
664.0
667.6

314.1
48.7
96.0
47.4

319.5
49.7
99.1
48.2

323.4
50.9

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,392.4

5,482.2
324.6
183.9
861.1
1,154.7
840.0
477.5
124.2

5.548.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,392.5
24.3
37.5

1,441.2
24.7
37.8

499.9
373.7

515.3

38.2
529.8

391.9

394.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,526.4
136.8

1,551.8
139.7

1,572.4

68.0
916.7
131.4

69.6
932.9
134.4

71.3
945.8

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,406.5
266.6
58.0
129.0

5.494.9
273.3

1998

129.1
550.0
109.2
348.3
134.7
407.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

1997

5,576.8
277.5
60.6
133.9

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

322.1
180.7
843.8
1,137.3
818.1
474.8
118.9
77.1
80.1
49.1
317.3
245.8

350.9
87.2
213.0
2,264.7
667.5
1,074.9
164.8
274.7
47.4
67.1
53.2

162.6

129.9

78.1

58.8
130.8
357.3
87.0
217.1
2,322.2

675.3
1,090.7
166.0
277.2

100.3
48.2

329.9
184.7
874.4
1,169.3
857.9
478.5
128.2
80.0
81.4
50.7
327.7

247.9
1,461.8
24.3

141.6
135.8

358.2
88.1
221.4
2,365.8
685.3
1,102.9
167.6
278.1

49.4
67.9
53.7

4.5
.5

4.5
.5

(M
( )
>

164.4

166.9

(!)
( )

4.0

4.0

(M
(!)

)

(M
!

(M

149

68.5
54.1

214.7
6.4
47.5
33.1
37.5

224.2
6.9

3.4
18.7

>
(M

!

311.0
17.5
4.4
21.0
4.7
2.0

3.8
12.8

(!)
{

(

1999

283.5
16.2
3.9
19.6
4.3
1.8
2.0
53.1
128.7
102.4
4.4
18.6
4.3
13.3
3.5
20.1

1.6
1.9
48.9
118.2
93.8
4.2
17.5

(

(M
1

1998

31.2
34.4

()

4.0

264.9
15.0

3.8
20.1
4.3

( )

203.8
5.9
46.2

2.2
58.9
143.6
113.6
4.9
19.9
4.7
14.1
3.6
23.0

51.7
34.8
40.3

4.2

3.9

3.5

15.0
2.6
5.5
2.7

15.6
2.7
5.8
3.1

16.8
2.8
5.9
3.0

13.4
.5
.6
.7
.9
.6
.4

13.3
.6
.6
.7
.8
.7
.4

13.1
.6
.5
.7
.8
.7
.3

223.1

.4
.2
.5

.4
.2
.5

.4
.2
.5

32.1
1.1
.1
7.2
7.7

31.9
.8
.1
7.1
7.8

28.3
.7
.1
6.2
7.4

51.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.8
.2
.1

1.8
.2
.1

1.2
.3

1.2
.3

(!)
( )
1

?

20.5

20.8
2

4.5
.4

4.6

(M

.4

49.7

See footnotes at end of table.




1997

3,617.0

539.6
104.7
340.1

80.1
51.4
321.8
247.1

4.5
.5

1999

(M

230.4
13.7

236.2
14.0

8.4
39.0
44.2
34.7
17.0
6.8
3.7
2.6
1.7

9.1
39.4
45.0
35.9

8.9
40.5
45.6
38.1

17.7
7.6

17.9
8.3

3.9
2.7
1.8

3.9
2.6

15.0
10.0

15.4

16.6

13.0

1.8

10.4

11.0

54.8
1.0
20.1

57.9
.9
1.5
21.2

16.5

18.1

81.5
7.3
3.2
54.0
7.5

81.6
7.1
3.3
53.2
7.5

82.9
7.2
3.4
52.2
7.6

213.0
10.5
2.5
4.4
13.0
4.5
12.1
87.2

221.3
11.1
2.7
4.6
13.8
4.5
12.7
90.6
11.5
50.4
7.1

235.7
12.3
2.9
4.9
14.0
4.5
13.7
94.4
12.5
54.9
7.3
10.9
1.7
2.4
2.2
9.3

1.0
1.2
18.9
14.8

11.1
49.1
7.1
10.5
1.5
2.3
2.2
8.2 I

1.4

10.5
1.6
2.3
2.2
8.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

1998

1998

State and area
1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

920.8

911.7

38.6
24.8

39.1
25.1
88.5
17.7
9.8
8.1
113.1
310.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

833.7
19.8
144.4
164.6
82.5

824.2

89.2

893.0
38.5
24.9

407.8
17.1
4.9
25.5
3.7
1.5
1.5
51.9
232.4
205.5
6.7
16.6
6.2
19.3

412.8
17.2
5.0

Wholesale and retail trade

1999

1997

1999

1,662.6
91.9
24.2
129.2
20.6

7.5
18.2
6.0
20.5
4.2
20.8

1,641.1
91.9
24.0
130.4
20.3
10.5
11.5
289.6
689.2
577.7
33.5
111.6
22.4
78.2
26.5
84.9

419.0
17.8
5.1
26.1
4.2

1,710.3
94.6
24.8

36.5

3.9
20.0

25.9
4.0
1.6
1.5
53.3
233.3
206.2
7.2
17.4
6.0
19.6
3.7
20.5

86.2

87.9

19.4
140.9
162.3
84.2

802.7
18.4
138.1
158.6
83.8

170.3
4.6
53.4
33.0
26.5

172.2
4.8
52.3
34.6
28.4

176.5
5.1
54.4
35.0
29.6

838.7
27.0
181.6
143.9
130.9

851.1
27.2
185.0
145.1
135.8

872.8
26.6
193.7
148.4
140.7

23.4
2.7
8.1
3.6

24.0
2.8
8.0
3.6

24.0
3.0
8.0
3.9

18.0
3.1
5.3
2.2

18.0
3.1
5.1
2.1

18.4
3.2
5.1
2.0

80.6
12.1
27.2
12.7

81.3
12.2
28.1
13.0

81.2
12.3
28.4
13.0

1,091.8
65.0
46.3
140.3
223.1
93.1
99.9
21.6
19.5
23.0
12.2
60.9
58.5

1,096.6
65.4
47.4
142.2
223.9
93.6
98.8
22.4
19.9
23.1
13.7
61.0
56.4

1,087.7
65.1
46.9
140.9
222.5
93.0
95.8
23.1
20.1
23.1
13.4
61.3
54.6

234.3
14.7
5.2
44.8
45.4
36.7
20.7
4.9
3.1
3.6
2.7

242.4
14.9

245.0
15.1
5.0
48.5
46.5
40.3

1,309.7
80.3

1,322.9
80.5
45.0

1,333.7
82.4
45.6
220.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

180.9

185.9
2.3
3.8
55.0
58.2

183.9
2.5
3.8
56.5
55.8

79.1
2.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

243.6
21.4

246.1
22.2

9.3

9.2

147.3
17.9

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

938.1
57.0
10.1
34.1
45.6
12.9
57.2
305.7
58.7
137.3
44.2
54.9
11.1
8.6
13.2
47.9

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

17.6

9.7
8.3

112.4
317.2
264.8
11.9

127.6
12.1

49.1
19.7
38.5

2.1
3.7
53.3
56.8

259.1
12.0
123.3
11.7
50.4
20.1
37.5

17.2
9.5
7.8
113.6
302.1

252.1
11.5
118.0
11.6
51.0
19.7

5.1

46.9
46.3

1.5
1.6
55.7
234.3
206.7

45.1

129.9

293.4
704.5
589.8
34.3

21.6
10.3
11.8
304.3
727.6
610.1
35.3

114.3
24.2
77.6
26.4

118.1
25.2
79.3
27.9

10.3
11.5

218.4
273.5
218.4

21.4
4.9
3.3
3.4
2.6
15.3
10.1

216.8
270.7
214.1
109.7
32.2
18.2
18.2
10.7
78.9
62.3

18.3
10.7
79.2
62.4

221.9
110.5
33.5
18.4
18.5
10.4
80.2
62.7

29.8

82.0
2.2
1.6
24.3
32.4

81.8
2.2
1.6
24.7
32.5

324.6
6.1
9.1
119.0
88.3

332.2
6.2
9.1
121.4
91.4

337.1
6.3
9.0
123.7
91.5

149.2
18.3

240.8
22.9
9.0
145.1
17.7

74.9
4.6
3.3
52.4
3.6

76.2
4.6
3.7
53.9
3.9

77.7
4.3
3.7
55.1
4.0

377.5
34.4
20.1
227.7
27.8

383.4
34.8
20.4
231.3
28.4

387.9
35.5
20.8
234.7
28.6

943.2
56.2
10.2
34.4
46.9
13.1
57.5
306.1
57.8
140.0
42.8
54.9
12.1
8.7
13.5
47.4

930.8
55.1
10.5
34.4
44.9
13.3
57.3
303.2
56.9
137.9
42.0
53.8
11.5
8.4
13.6
46.4

278.9

287.2
16.0
4.3

292.8
16.1
4.3
4.8
24.4
5.3
8.4
113.5
35.3

1,217.0
56.8
15.5
29.0
78.2
20.5
53.1
499.0
110.3
256.8
38.7
66.0
12.3
12.8
13.0
39.0

1,228.6
58.3
15.7
29.3
79.6
20.2
54.2
507.7
113.5
257.1
38.6
66.1
12.5
12.8
13.1
39.7

1,250.4
59.2
16.1
30.3
80.8
20.7
55.1
517.5
117.6
259.5
39.0
66.1
12.8
13.1
13.0
40.5

See footnotes at end of table.




86.8

150

13.8
10.4

1.7

23.9

15.5
4.3
4.9
23.1
5.2
8.1
107.0
33.6
66.4
8.0
15.4
1.9
2.1
2.0
7.8

38.9
21.4
4.8
3.2
3.5
2.7
14.7
10.5

4.8
24.0
5.2
8.2
110.3
34.2
67.6
8.5
16.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
8.4

69.0
8.8
16.4

1.9
2.2
2.0
8.3

109.6
33.2
18.3

276.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued

1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point..
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

722.1
25.3
3.7
29.0
4.6

1998

1999

1999

1997

1998

1999

2,699.1
134.8
30.3
163.0
34.0
10.9
14.4
360.6
1,454.8
1,274.9

2,802.1
139.8
30.5
165.3
35.3
11.8
14.6
373.6
1,511.5

1,406.9
109.0
21.6
87.0
22.6
7.4
9.8

1,424.0

1,441.5
110.4
22.0
88.0
22.1
7.4
10.1
186.0
650.8
566.6

31.7

33.2
163.8

34.0
100.2

2,926.1
146.1
32.3
171.9
38.3
12.6
14.9
388.7
1,575.3
1,379.5
36.0
171.8
36.8
104.9

39.9
145.0

506.4
473.4
5.5
21.3
5.0
17.8
7.7
26.7

5.8
21.0
5.2
17.9
8.2
26.9

167.3
3.3
54.2
32.4
29.2

179.1
3.6
60.9
34.3
30.2

185.5
4.1
65.1
35.3
31.7

869.0
31.8
185.8
161.1
189.8

14.8
2.3
6.1
1.5

15.8
2.4
6.8
1.5

16.3
2.4
7.0
1.4

288.6
13.0
5.9

300.1

52.9
74.2
72.2
18.1

6.4
2.1
2.8
1.5
11.0
9.4

69.5
1.0
1.7

13.3
6.4
54.8

76.4
75.6
18.9
6.8
2.1
2.6

5.1

27.8

59.1

28.2
59.8

934.8
33.1
201.1
169.5
205.2

993.7
34.4
215.1
180.1
216.4

576.3
15.4
88.1
66.2

593.6
15.9
91.4
69.1

606.7
15.8
94.7
71.8

120.5

124.2

125.2

87.5
15.7
29.4
12.2

89.8
16.1
30.4
12.5

91.7
16.7
30.9
12.5

70.8
10.2
14.4
12.4

71.1
10.4
14.8
12.4

71.5
10.5
15.0
12.3

307.3
13.7

1,473.7
88.6

1,551.9

6.6
55.0
79.6

49.6
250.0
336.0

1,513.2
88.9
50.5
258.1
345.6

757.9
47.2
19.7

763.4
47.3
19.9

77.8
18.8
7.7

230.1
137.5
27.0
20.3

239.4

99.3
142.8
136.6

100.6
143.1
137.7
70.7
20.4
10.4

773.3
47.1
20.4
101.7

19.4

19.3

14.3
93.1
66.3

13.5
90.8

9.4

64.1

72.0
1.1
1.8
29.5
20.7

73.2
1.1
1.7
30.0
21.7

379.0
6.9
8.3
146.6
114.3

95.4
7.3
3.2
66.6
6.9
323.7
14.7
1.8
5.5
24.4
4.0

319.0
14.0

2.1

43.0
151.2

82.5
19.3
60.4
28.4
60.4

11.2

312.8
13.2
1.8
5.4
25.6
4.2

8.5
13.8
1.5
2.0

61.1

1.5

95.2
7.2
3.1

9.3
157.9
53.0
62.7

61.1

9.4

94.8
7.2
3.1
66.7
6.6

67.1
6.8

1.7
5.4
25.1
4.1
9.8
162.3
52.3
65.4
8.2

10.2
163.3
50.0
66.7

13.9

8.4
13.9

1.5
2.1
2.1
5.2

1.5
2.2
2.3
5.3

See footnotes at end of table.

151

21.9

78.7
19.4

157.7
31.8
97.5
38.1
141.7

11.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

109.4
87.5
22.4
7.4
10.0
182.1
644.8
561.5
27.5
80.8
19.2

2.1
2.5
1.4

28.7
20.1




1998

748.4
26.1
4.2
30.7
5.0
1.3
2.5
84.2
522.6
488.1
6.0
21.1
5.7
18.2
8.0
27.6

1.3
2.1
78.9

Government

1997

735.7
25.7
3.8
29.6
4.6
1.2
2.2
79.8
517.0
483.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1,325.5

140.2

29.1
20.3

92.0
50.7
266.4
353.0
247.2
142.5
30.2
21.7
20.0
14.3

178.7
634.2
551.5
27.5

71.6
20.0
10.4
10.5

68.1

6.4
46.7
30.6

404.2
7.0
8.4
156.0
122.5

417.1
6.6

276.2
4.1

8.8
163.4

11.8
102.4

124.4

402.8
36.9
18.4

412.1
38.3
19.1

252.5
31.0

259.3
31.8

425.4
38.7
19.8
268.2
32.3

1,714.6
83.2
15.7
36.1
96.0
26.0
54.5
812.5
282.2
373.6
39.8
78.9
13.5
14.0
14.5
38.2

1,768.7
87.0
16.0
36.7
101.4

25.9
56.1
852.5
289.3
382.8

95.7

10.7
6.4
47.0
31.3

27.9

145.2
138.9
71.3

20.6
10.5
11.3
6.4
47.2

31.6

41.9

278.2
4.0
11.7
102.0
42.5

282.5
4.0
11.7
104.1
42.8

249.5
24.8
10.5

255.3
25.3
10.9

260.5
25.7
11.3

114.8
36.7

117.8
37.5

122.7
38.6

1,812.7
89.2
16.6
38.7
103.2
26.1
57.5
880.2

711.8
30.4
8.0
15.3

706.0

710.1
31.0
8.5
15.5

295.3

42.1

388.2
43.3

80.5
14.1

81.7
14.7

13.9
18.3

30.8
8.2
15.5
66.5
14.1
18.4

295.5

292.7

118.7
124.6
18.6

116.8
122.6
18.7
34.8
5.6
25.6
6.2
15.8

69.4

14.4

14.4

14.5
38.8

14.7

34.9
5.6
25.3
6.2

40.8

16.1

66.5
14.3
18.8
293.7
117.7
122.1
18.9

34.9
5.6
25.9
6.3
16.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1997

1999

1998

1999

450.0
505.7

458.0
514.8

464.4
518.6

0.2
.2

0.2
.3

0.2
.3

14.6
16.2

15.9
17.6

17.6
18.9

1,720.2
221.8
280.8
457.5

1,783.3
234.1
292.1
471.5

1,832.5
243.1
300.5
477.8

1.9

1.8

1.9

99.8
15.9
15.5
29.8

106.8
17.6
15.9
31.0

114.0
18.8
17.2
32.1

354.9
46.4
102.1

363.2
48.1
106.2

372.9
49.5
111.3

2.2

1.7

1.2

15.2
3.1
4.8

16.1
3.0
5.2

17.0
3.2
5.5

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,584.0
219.6
199.0
318.8
563.3
630.2

2,638.5
221.1
197.0
326.7
576.5
651.7

2,674.2
228.6
198.3
331.0
586.3
665.1

4.6

4.3

4.3

.6

.6

118.1
10.2
11.0
15.8
25.0
31.1

120.9
9.7
11.1
16.4
26.3
32.2

123.8
9.8
11.4
16.6
26.9
33.0

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,608.0
55.4

8,940.1
56.6
96.1
600.7
160.3
75.3
99.6

9,155.4
56.1

165.4
1.7
.7
1.3
.8
1.4
1
( )
.9
2.5
11.7

166.6

146.3

1.3
.7
1.3
.9
1.5

.8
.6

460.3
2.2
4.7
29.8
15.3

496.3
2.3
4.7
33.1
16.4
10.8
3.7
3.0

527.9
2.4
5.3
36.8
16.1
9.7
3.7
3.4
12.7
98.3
12.7
41.0
4.6
147.0
4.6
2.5
4.6
4.4
7.8
5.6
2.1
37.8
2.7
2.1
3.5
2.5
5.3
2.2

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
G reenville-Spartanbu rg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

93.5
566.3
157.2
73.3

97.4
68.0
153.9
1,756.8
243.2
708.0
87.4
1,894.4
97.2

60.4
88.5
113.1
133.9
103.5
43.5
661.5

43.9
50.8
76.7
35.3
94.8

97.6
633.5
159.0
74.5
103.3
74.0

71.9
156.6

158.1

1,840.7

1,905.7

248.0

251.0
765.3
88.6
2,028.7

739.9
89.2

1,992.5
99.9
63.6
90.5

101.9
65.2
90.5

115.3

117.6

139.9

146.3

107.6
43.8

100.2
43.2
703.0
45.0
52.3
80.8
36.4
100.1

682.1
44.3
51.1

(

>
(M

(M
4.4
.8
67.4
(1)
3.2
3.4
.1
1.1
13.2
.7
1.9
!
1.6
1.6

(1)

1
(J)

1.3
.9
1.3
1

.9
2.4
11.2
(1)
4.7
.7

69.5

(M
2.4
3.6
.1
1.2

13.2
.7
1.9

)

.7
2.1
10.1
(1)
4.2
.5
63.3
!)
1.1
3.1
.1
1.2
10.8
.6
2.0

1.3
1.6

59.7

79.3
36.2
97.0
59.9

59.1

1.2

1.1

.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

993.8
135.3
668.8

1,023.3
141.7
687.0

1,049.8
146.3
703.2

8.3

8.2

7.8

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

279.2
30.2
98.4

284.8
31.0
101.6

290.3
32.2
104.1

.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,231.8
37.4
80.7
45.5

3,320.0
37.8
83.7
45.7
98.8
682.5

11.3

524.8
140.8

1,037.7
535.5
143.3

3,407.5
38.6
85.3
46.0
101.9
688.8
1,083.1
547.5
143.5

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,514.2

2,594.9

2,642.6

1,294.0

1,353.9
188.1
235.4

1,382.4
189.9

3.5
.7

96.9
667.2
999.5

184.7
229.5

See footnotes at end of table.




152

239.3

1.6
1.8

(J)
(M
10.7

(M

3.3
.7

11.6
35.3
4.4

12.2

90.1
11.7

1.9
34.2
2.2

38.3
4.5
138.4
4.4
2.3
4.1
4.3
7.0
7.5
1.9
35.7
2.4

2.1
2.9
2.4
4.4
2.5

2.1
3.2
2.4
4.7
2.5

64.4
9.2

68.2

127.0
4.2
2.1
4.3
4.2

6.9
5.6

10.1

3.4
.7

43.1

9.9
44.9

72.9
10.4
All

12.9
1.4
4.8

2.9

2.9

3.0

9.6
3.5
2.9
12.3
82.4

13.8
1.5
5.1

14.6
1.5
5.6

186.1
1.5
4.3
2.4
5.8
40.5
55.9
33.2
8.4

189.0
1.5
4.4
2.4
5.8
40.4
58.6
33.0
8.7

197.3

136.3
66.5
10.5
12.6

143.9
73.0
10.3
13.5

153.2
78.4
10.9
14.9

1.5
4.7
2.3
6.0

41.0
62.8
34.2

9.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

Wholesale and retail trade

1999

1997

1998

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

79.8
101.9

78.0
99.7

74.7
96.4

15.4
17.6

16.1
18.1

16.0
18.0

98.4
115.6

99.3
116.7

104.0
120.2

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

362.7
21.5
25.7

344.8
22.2
27.1

122.6

362.1
22.3
26.7
121.5

118.7

75.3
12.3
12.6
20.6

76.4
12.8
13.1
20.4

87.7
13.1
13.5
20.2

412.3
55.1
65.0
116.1

426.5
58.2
67.0
120.8

440.5
61.0
68.5
122.9

49.4
4.4
13.9

49.7
45
14.2

50.1
4.5
14.7

16.3
1.9
6.6

16.5
2.0
6.7

16.7
2.1
6.7

88.3
13.9
25.9

89.4
14.1
26.7

90.9
14.4
27.4

517.6
42.7
52.7
49.1
64.0
96.3

514.7
43.3
50.1
49.3
63.6
95.4

509.1
44.0
48.3
49.4
63.3
96.2

150.8
11.5
7.9
14.3
63.9
31.1

162.3
13.5
7.8
14.6
68.3
33.0

171.4
18.7
8.1
14.7
70.1
34.3

610.2
51.1
45.0
85.1
141.8
152.6

620.5
49.2
45.5
87.7
143.5
157.7

628.1
48.9
45.8
88.3
146.1
160.8

1,083.9
3.3

1,107.2
3.5
9.4
80.8
25.6
15.7
12.5
4.6

13.3
251.9

1,085.6
3.6
9.1
80.0
24.6
14.5
12.7
5.1
13.4
249.0

513.6
2.5
5.5
18.7
8.2
2.7
4.4
1.4
6.5
118.6

2,048.0
14.5
26.3
121.7
35.9
14.4
23.6
14.7
35.9

42.8
111.2
8.4
219.3

39.7
111.9
8.2
208.4

13.3
64.9
4.1

544.1
2.5
5.4
19.8
8.1
2.8
4.9
1.5
6.7
125.5
13.9

2,178.6
14.7
27.1
141.0
36.5
15.5
24.9
15.3
36.8
463.5
59.1
190.6
20.2

9.3
1.5

9.4
1.7

9.4
1.9

18.9
7.6
12.9
7.4
5.3
50.1
10.7

19.4
7.6
12.5
7.5
5.0
51.7

18.5
7.1

2,113.6
14.9
26.9
129.8
36.1
14.9
23.9
15.1
36.3
446.5
58.4
185.1
19.9
450.8
23.2
17.0
22.8
32.2
38.7
28.2
10.3
165.5
9.8

21.9
13.8

22.1

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9.3
76.6
24.8
16.3
12.3
4.0

13.3
245.8
43.6
109.8
8.0
209.9

3.9
142.4
3.5
11.0
4.2
5.8
5.2
4.1
2.8
32.7
1.6
2.6
3.8
1.6
4.1
2.8

562.1
2.6
5.3
21.5
7.8
2.8
5.2
1.6
6.7
129.6
14.8
74.7
3.7
147.4
3.5
11.8
4.1
6.2
5.8
3.9
2.8
34.1
1.7
2.6
3.4
1.6
4.4
2.5

69.7

430.1
57.5
178.7
19.4
435.5
22.6
16.2
22.1
31.9
37.0
27.5
10.3
161.1

463.8
24.1
17.4
22.9
32.7
39.8
27.3
10.2

10.3
5.6

12.7
6.5
4.7
53.7
9.7
5.8

8.3

10.9
3.3
16.3
8.7

11.2
3.0
16.7
8.5

133.0
3.5
10.0
4.2
5.6
4.8
4.2
2.4
30.8
1.6
2.3
3.7
1.5
3.7
3.0

14.0

170.6
10.0
13.9
22.1
9.6
22.5
14.0

133.0
19.6
82.1

132.5
19.6
83.8

132.5
18.1
84.4

56.1
2.3
44.1

58.5
2.3
46.4

59.4
2.4
47.0

238.4
30.6
162.8

243.6
32.2
165.3

248.6
34.1
167.2

46.6
3.4
17.9

47.9
3.4
18.8

47.9
3.8
18.7

12.3
1.1
4.7

12.5
1.1
4.9

12.3
1.1
5.0

65.2
6.8
22.3

65.3
6.8
22.6

66.7
7.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

405.2
9.8

403.4
9.2
8.4

395.8
9.2
8.3

167.3
1.4
2.4

172.3

178.0

1.4
2.5

1.3
2.4

724.3
10.1

731.8
10.6

748.6
10.8

16.5

15.0
25.4
70.6
43.1

14.9
25.1
67.8

1.0
3.6

40.1

159.9
216.8

27.1
8.6

8.7

9.8
20.7
157.0
215.1
123.6
36.5

10.0
21.4
164.3
222.3

60.8
19.1

1.0
3.6
32.6
69.1
27.7
8.9

16.4
9.7
20.7

61.3
19.0

1.0
3.6
31.6
64.3
27.6

124.5
36.2

126.3
36.2

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

370.0
218.9
22.5
25.4

379.5

363.7
214.0

132.8
77.6
7.8

135.6
81.0
7.9

139.4
84.0
8.0

9.6

9.4

9.5

607.0
304.1
46.6
57.2

622.8
315.5
48.1
58.4

635.8
325.0
48.3
58.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

5.9
11.1
3.2
16.3

8.1

15.4
25.4
68.9
43.3
61.4
19.3

228.6
22.2
25.6

See footnotes at end of table.




153

21.8
24.5

32.1
60.5

9.8
13.3
19.4
9.4

13.6
20.6
9.7

22.8

17.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

Government

1999

1997

1998

1999

Rhode Island
Providence-Fal! River-Warwick

26.8
28.7

28.5
30.2

29.6
31.0

151.7
161.0

157.1
167.4

159.0
168.6

63.2
64.6

62.9
64.8

63.2
65.2

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

74.9

79.5

8.4
20.1
15.4

8.7
21.8

16.5

81.7
8.9
22.9
16.3

394.6
59.8
69.1
96.8

420.7
64.7
72.4
102.5

447.2
69.7
75.7
107.6

298.9
48.9
72.8
56.3

309.5
49.8
75.2
58.9

314.7
49.4
75.7
59.9

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

20.8
1.8
11.3

22.6
2.7
11.8

24.5
3.0
13.3

92.2
14.1
30.0

96.4
14.6
31.7

100.9
15.2
33.7

70.5
7.2
9.6

71.0
7.2
9.8

71.6
7.2
10.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

120.1
15.3
6.0
13.7
27.9
39.3

126.7
15.9
6.9
14.7
28.3
42.5

130.6
16.5
8.0
15.4
28.9
43.3

682.4
55.1
48.5
85.8
162.6
199.1

703.4
56.8
46.7
88.7
167.4
208.4

716.0
58.0
47.3
91.1
169.3
213.1

380.3
33.7
28.0
54.4
78.3
80.7

385.5
32.8
29.0
54.7
79.2
82.5

391.0
32.7
29.5
55.0
81.8
84.5

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

466.7
2.4
4.8
30.1
5.1
1.9
3.6
2.4
6.5
139.6
9.5
32.3
5.5
100.2
4.1
2.3
3.3
5.5
4.9
3.6
1.7
43.8
2.1
1.7
4.0
1.6
5.7
2.2

495.9
2.5
5.2
31.9
5.2
1.9
3.7
2.7
6.4
150.4
9.7
34.5
6.0

517.8
2.5
5.5
33.4
5.3
2.0
3.8
2.7
6.3
155.5
9.9
36.2
6.2
113.2
4.4
2.5
3.7
6.0
5.3
3.9
1.8
49.1
2.7
1.8
4.1
1.5
6.5
2.3

2,512.2
19.5
27.3
174.3
41.8
13.8
27.7
15.7
48.9
563.0
57.8
202.8
19.1
608.8
27.4
12.3
21.5
34.6
32.7
25.3
12.5
214.8
11.9
14.2
23.9
9.7
28.9
16.1

2,596.8
19.7
28.0
186.1
41.1
14.2
29.1
16.1
49.5
589.7
59.8

106.9
4.2
2.4
3.6
5.8
5.1
3.9
1.8
45.8
2.5
1.7
4.1
1.5
6.0
2.3

2,386.7
19.0
25.8
161.9
41.1
13.5
27.4
14.8
46.8
532.2
550
191.7
18.5
570.2
26.5
11.0
20.8
33.7
30.5
24.4
12.5
205.9
11.9
13.9
23.1
9.4
27.8
16.2

1.483.3
10.0
16.5
126.4
26.1
13.6
22.7
27.0
30.3
196.4
52.8
91.0
26.6
251.4
27.1
14.1
11.5
24.6
35.8
17.5
8.8
133.7
5.7
11.6
11.0
6.1
15.0
12.6

1.504.2
10.1
16.7
129.9
26.1
13.9
23.3
28.3
30.4
202.2
53.8
93.7
26.8
256.4
27.8
14.6
11.4
25.0
37.7
18.0

1,540.2
10.0
16.9
133.5
26.7
14.5
23.9
29.1
30.6
209.8
55.1
96.8
25.4
264.3
28.0
15.3
11.6
25.6
39.1
18.3

8.9
134.1
5.8
11.3
11.2
6.4
15.0
12.5

8.9
133.5
6.0
11.3
11.4
6.5
15.0
12.7

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

52.5
3.9
43.4

55.4
4.3
45.4

56.9
4.5
46.7

268.8
51.2
179.5

280.4
54.2
185.0

292.8
57.4
192.6

172.3
18.5
110.8

176.7
19.2
113.3

178.9
19.4
114.8

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.2
2.6
4.8

12.2
2.4
4.9

12.6
2.5
5.3

83.7
8.1
28.7

86.3
8.5

88.4
8.7
30.9

45.7
6.9
15.2

46.2
7.3
15.4

47.3
7.6
15.8

168.6
1.2
4.1
1.4
4.2
31.0
55.5
44.2

183.7
1.2
4.8
1.5
4.3
35.0
60.4
48.2
10.2

972.5
7.7

1,034.5
8.3
20.8
10.2

1,084.0
8.8

596.6
5.6
25.4

610.1
5.8

9.3

176.3
1.3
4.6
1.4
4.4
33.1
58.7
45.4
9.8

127.7
76.7
10.7
12.0

134.6
81.5
10.9
12.6

138.0
84.6
11.1
12.8

473.0
187.0
31.8
49.1

Waco
Wichita Falls

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

See footnotes at end of table.




154

29.9

210.0
19.9
621.3
27.9
12.9
22.1
35.5
34.6
23.9
12.2
222.3
12.1
14.8
23.8
10.1
29.9
15.9

416.6
141.2

10.4
28.2
204.4
444.8
146.4

41.0

43.1

42.6

17.7

602.0
5.7
26.6
6.0
12.8
143.8
178.9
101.6
17.8

678.9
371.5

709.3
390.8
57.6
67.7

736.1
408.7

458.0
178.1
30.5
47.3

465.9
183.0
31.1
48.2

19.8

9.5
24.4
195.7
389.4
134.6

56.0
65.2

26.1
203.0

21.7

57.9

69.5

5.9
12.8
142.1
179.2

99.8

26.4
6.0
13.3
143.7
182.9
103.0
17.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
1997

1998

1999

719.2
132.9
122.5
69.4
66.3
2,718.0
197.3
74.1
137.7
69.8
53.6
69.9
275.5
846.0
81.5
60.1
66.2

2.776.9
202.3
76.5
144.2
70.2
55.0
70.8
283.1
863.6
81.9

Wyoming
Casper

224.5
30.1

228.3
30.7

232.5
31.1

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

986.8
67.1
69.8
76.6
616.5

994.4
68.5
71.1
76.7

619.0

998.1
69.6
69.1
77.7
623.7

41.5

41.7

41.0

24.6
1.9
1.5
.3

725.7
135.6
123.2
70.0
66.6

2,655.7
192.6
71.8
133.8
69.1
50.9
68.4
267.5
827.7
80.2
58.0
64.4

1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

707.8
130.4
121.0
69.1
65.0

See footnotes at end of table.




155

1998

1999

23.7
2.0
1.3
.3

1997

1998

1999

34.9
7.1
5.9
4.6
2.4

34.2
7.1
5.7
4.3
2.5

33.5
6.9
5.5
4.0
2.6

1.6

1.7

21.4
2.2
1.0
.3
1.7

2.6

2.8

2.8

108.3
10.7
2.9
6.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
12.4
30.2
3.2
2.4
2.9

113.0
10.8
3.2
6.8
2.8
2.3
2.8
12.8
31.0
3.4
2.4
2.9

121.1
11.9
3.3
7.5
3.1
2.4
3.0
14.0
33.7
3.5
2.6
3.3

(

>
>
< >
(

( )

< >

61.7

68.6
16.8
2.0

16.8
2.0

15.7
1.8

15.1
1.8

16.0
1.9

17.2
2.0

1.2

1.3

1.4

57.7
3.0
3.8
4.9
40.0

61.1
3.1
4.5
5.3
42.0

67.5
4.1
4.7
6.5
45.3

1.9

1.5

1.7

< >
( )
1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area

1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez

Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

1999

1998

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

81.6
10.0
17.2
13.2
6.0

82.4
10.2
16.7
12.9
6.1

81.7
10.4
15.4
12.9
6.1

38.9
9.3
6.7
2.6
2.8

38.4
9.3
6.7
2.7
2.7

38.2
9.5
6.7
2.7
2.6

161.7
31.2
31.6
17.2
16.8

162.6
31.5
31.6
17.1
16.9

162.9
31.5
31.4
17.6
16.8

608.8
59.2
12.4
28.5
21.1
11.2
11.7
29.4
176.3
25.2
23.9
18.3

618.6
60.0
13.3
29.2
20.6
12.1
12.2
29.6
178.1
25.4
25.2
18.8

615.6
60.4
13.8
29.6
20.1
12.2
11.6
30.4
174.4
24.4
26.3
19.0

124.0
7.5
3.5
9.7
2.6
1.9
3.1
9.0
39.4
2.5
1.7
3.3

127.3
8.0
3.5
10.1
2.9
1.9
3.3
9.2
40.1
2.6
1.7
3.4

130.5
8.6
3.5
10.6
3.2
2.0
3.4
9.5
40.4
2.4
1.5
3.4

604.2
40.6
19.4
31.2
16.1
12.5
18.4
57.9

179.2
16.4
10.7
16.0

611.5
41.4
19.7
31.7
16.3
13.0
18.0
60.1
181.3
16.8
10.8
16.4

627.6
42.4
20.6
33.0
16.6
14.0
18.2
61.2
185.7
17.4
10.8
16.9

10.8
1.5

11.0
1.5

11.1
1.5

13.9
1.7

13.9
1.7

14.2
1.7

52.5
8.4

52.8
8.3

53.3
8.4

152.3
16.0
18.0
10.6
70.2

147.6
15.4

142.9
14.4
15.5

27.0
1.1

9.2
66.4

26.1
.8
.7
2.3
20.4

.8
2.3
20.8

33.1
1.5
1.1
2.7

24.1

198.9
14.9
12.0
13.3
131.1

201.3
15.7
12.0
13.5
131.7

206.8
16.6
12.4
13.9
135.2

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

9.4

9.1

8.8

17.7
9.9
67.6

See footnotes at end of table.




1997

Wholesale and retail trade

156

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

1998

1999

1997

1998

Government

1999

1997

1998

28.2
7.5
3.8
2.6
2.8

28.7
7.9
3.9
2.6
2.7

29.8
8.0
4.7
2.7
2.8

198.9
39.9
33.3
18.6
22.5

208.3
41.2
35.5
20.0
23.5

217.1
42.9
37.2
20.5
23.9

139.1
23.6
21.0
10.0
10.1

140.8
23.8

140.2
9.4
2.5
9.4
1.9
1.7
2.4
21.2
57.7
2.3
2.1
4.7

142.8

146.4

9.5
2.5

9.5
2.5

10.1
1.9
1.7
2.5
22.0
57.9
2.4
2.2
5.0

11.6

708.9
45.2
20.2
33.7
16.7
14.5
21.3
70.0
267.7
21.5
11.6
12.4

735.0
46.8
21.2
35.3
16.8
14.4
21.8
72.0
279.9
22.2
11.9
13.3

386.7
21.9
11.7
15.8
8.5
8.0

393.2
22.5
11.7
16.0

1.6
2.6
23.0
58.8
2.4
2.2
5.1

681.0
43.4
19.4
32.9
16.3
13.5
20.4
67.7
256.1
21.4
11.1
11.8

8.2
1.2

8.4
1.2

8.0
1.2

49.2
8.3

50.9
8.6

54.1
9.1

46.6
1.7
2.0
2.2

47.7
1.8
2.1
2.4

36.4

37.6

48.8
1.7
2.1
2.3
38.8

194.1
12.1
11.2
16.6
130.7

201.0
12.8
12.0
17.7
134.5

1.9

1.9

1.9

10.0

10.6

1

1.8

9.9
69.9
88.8
9.3
6.2
7.3

21.1
9.4
10.3

8.6
8.2

10.0

1999

141.1
24.3
21.4

9.3
10.3

398.0
22.9
11.7
16.4
8.7
8.5

10.2

71.9

73.1

90.0
9.5
6.2
7.4

90.7
9.6
6.4
7.4

58.1
5.3

58.5
5.3

58.8
5.4

206.4
13.1
12.3
18.0
136.3

310.1
18.6
22.2
26.6
187.0

307.5
18.6
22.0
25.7
184.2

291.3
18.3
21.0
25.2
176.9

10.3

13.7

13.8

13.5

All State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been
adjusted to March 1999 benchmarks.

Combined with construction.
Not available.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
2




Services

157

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.9
43.4
43.2

42.2
43.1
44.4

42.0
42.0
44.5

$11.86
12.68
14.06

$12.11
12.86
13.97

$12.53
13.05
14.25

$496.93
550.31
607.39

$511.04
554.27
620.27

$526.26
548.10
634.13

Alaska

46.7

49.9

45.5

11.78

11.09

12.10

550.13

553.39

550.55

Arizona

41.4

40.4

40.4

11.67

12.17

12.69

483.14

491.67

512.68

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.4
40.9
41.5
41.7
41.7

41.7
41.6
42.5
42.3
40.5

41.7
41.7
41.5
42.1
39.7

10.78
10.38
10.75
11.68
12.50

11.12
10.76
11.18
11.84
13.17

11.55
11.14
11.63
12.20
13.39

446.29
424.54
446.13
487.06
521.25

463.70
447.62
475.15
500.83
533.39

481.64
464.54
482.65
513.62
531.58

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.9
41.2
41.0
42.4
41.6
42.1
42.8
41.8
41.0
37.5
40.1
40.8
42.0
41.2
40.0
42.9
41.7
42.2

41.8
41.8
40.8
42.4
42.0
41.7
43.4
42.4
40.9
39.9
40.1
41.0
42.4
41.7
39.9
42.0
42.0
42.8

41.8
41.8
41.1
42.4
41.9
42.3
42.9
42.4
41.1
41.7
40.1
40.1
42.6
40.9
39.9
41.7
41.8
42.2

13.24
13.66
11.74
12.44
13.44
15.59
12.82
11.80
14.18
13.83
13.27
14.37
16.42
13.56
14.68
13.23
15.25
12.44

13.66
13.90
12.00
12.86
13.79
15.59
13.03
12.07
14.68
14.44
13.61
14.73
16.80
14.06
14.84
13.46
15.59
12.52

13.95
13.86
12.14
13.07
13.87
15.62
13.38
12.38
15.01
14.08
13.70
14.84
17.21
14.21
14.86
13.52
16.02
12.81

554.76
562.79
481.34
527.46
559.10
656.34
548.70
493.24
581.38
518.63
532.13
586.30
689.64
558.67
587.20
567.57
635.93
524.97

570.99
581.02
489.60
545.26
579.18
650.10
565.50
511.77
600.41
576.16
545.76
603.93
712.32
586.30
592.12
565.32
654.78
535.86

583.11
579.35
498.95
554.17
581.15
660.73
574.00
524.91
616.91
587.14
549.37
595.08
733.15
581.19
592.91
563.78
669.64
540.58

Colorado
Denver

41.8
41.3

41.5
42.5

41.8
42.5

13.31
13.11

13.74
12.88

14.18
13.45

556.36
541.44

570.21
547.40

592.72
571.63

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

42.6
42.7
43.6
43.0
42.5
42.4
40.8
43.9

42.7
42.1
42.6
43.2
42.1
42.3
39.6
43.6

42.4
41.5
41.2
42.9
42.4
42.5
39.7
44.0

14.46
14.98
14.84
15.34
14.30
14.93
13.78
13.53

14.83
15.26
14.81
15.65
14.66
15.44
13.71
14.01

15.33
15.60
15.04
16.24
14.91
15.89
13.55
14.50

616.00
639.65
647.02
659.62
607.75
633.03
562.22
593.97

633.24
642.45
630.91
676.08
617.19
653.11
542.92
610.84

649.99
647.40
619.65
696.70
632.18
675.33
537.94
638.00

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

41.9
40.4
43.1

42.3
40.6
43.9

43.0
40.4
44.2

14.81
13.34
17.77

15.36
13.69
18.60

15.93
14.14
19.22

620.54
538.94
765.89

649.73
555.81
816.54

684.99
571.26
849.52

39.5

39.3

39.3

14.04

14.49

15.26

554.58

569.46

599.72

41.8

41.7

41.8

10.95

11.43

11.83

457.71

476.63

494.49

42.4
42.8
48.3

41.8
41.5
47.6

41.7
40.8
46.5

11.64
12.61
14.14

12.03
12.88
15.27

12.50
13.29
16.30

493.54
539.71
682.96

502.85
534.52
726.85

521.25
542.23
757.95

37.9
39.5

37.3
39.3

39.3
40.4

13.11
13.04

13.16
13.16

13.48
13.29

496.87
515.08

490.87
517.19

529.76
536.92

40.1

38.3

39.4

12.46

12.80

13.40

499.65

490.24

527.96

42.2
41.3
41.4
42.1
42.6
42.7
41.4
42.5
42.7
41.6

41.8
40.2
41.3
42.1
43.1
42.5
41.5
42.6
42.8
41.0

41.9
40.4
41.2
42.2
41.4
42.2
41.5
41.5
42.9
41.8

13.35
17.55
10.94
13.25
15.41
16.58
14.76
16.47
14.94
12.01

13.75
17.80
11.18
13.49
15.63
16.79
15.32
16.58
15.53
12.29

14.05
18.70
11.76
13.79
15.55
16.76
15.39
16.68
16.37
12.45

563.37
724.82
452.92
557.83
656.47
707.97
611.06
699.98
637.94
499.62

574.75
715.56
461.73
567.93
673.65
713.58
635.78
706.31
664.68
503.89

588.70
755.48
484.51
581.94
643.77
707.27
638.69
692.22
702.27
520.41

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.




158

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

43.2
41.5
39.5
43.4
41.7
42.5
44.2
49.0
42.9
44.6
41.7
43.2

42.9
40.4
40.0
43.5
41.5
43.1
44.0
50.3
43.4
45.4
40.9
45.2

42.9
40.5
40.0
44.4
40.5
43.7
44.2
48.4
43.1
44.9
40.8
44.6

$14.79
12.54
12.29
14.59
14.73
18.51
15.68
19.66
15.32
14.73
12.80
14.65

$14.97
11.97
12.44
14.63
14.89
18.91
15.60
21.18
15.90
14.68
12.54
14.75

$15.26
12.96
13.07
14.87
15.79
19.77
15.52
22.53
16.05
14.37
12.41
14.08

$638.93
520.41
485.46
633.21
614.24
786.68
693.06
963.34
657.23
656.96
533.76
632.88

$642.21
483.59
497.60
636.41
617.94
815.02
686.40
1065.35
690.06
666.47
512.89
666.70

$654.65
524.88
522.80
660.23
639.50
863.95
685.98
1090.45
691.76
645.21
506.33
627.97

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

42.6
43.0
43.2
41.8
39.3

41.9
41.5
41.8
40.6
40.2

41.4
41.1
39.2
39.4
39.1

13.57
16.54
13.64
14.96
11.35

13.91
17.53
14.13
15.38
11.75

14.20
18.13
14.39
15.38
12.25

578.08
711.22
589.25
625.33
446.06

582.83
727.50
590.63
624.43
472.35

587.88
745.14
564.09
605.97
478.98

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

42.3
41.1
43.6

41.9
41.9
43.1

41.1
39.6
41.4

13.45
14.93
15.75

13.84
15.98
16.11

14.44
16.92
16.68

568.94
613.62
686.70

579.90
669.56
694.34

593.48
670.03
690.55

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.8
43.0
41.9

41.5
42.6
42.0

41.7
42.4
42.3

13.17
13.96
14.73

13.82
14.00
15.54

14.26
14.48
16.03

550.51
600.28
617.19

573.53
596.40
652.68

594.64
613.95
678.07

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

44.1
43.0
44.4
42.9

44.0
43.2
43.9
42.5

43.3
42.5
43.5
42.6

14.14
16.47
14.29
13.84

14.63
17.42
14.79
14.31

15.19
17.45
15.09
14.69

623.57
708.21
634.48
593.74

643.72
752.54
649.28
608.18

657.73
741.63
656.42
625.79

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.6
41.8
37.9

40.6
41.1
41.7

40.8
41.9
43.1

13.12
11.28
11.13

13.49
11.86
11.42

13.97
12.33
11.63

532.67
471.50
421.83

547.69
487.45
476.21

569.98
516.63
501.25

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

41.4
41.8

41.6
41.6

41.4
41.5

14.14
14.74

14.31
14.90

14.60
15.36

585.40
616.13

595.30
619.84

604.44
637.44

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.3
41.8
42.1
43.2

42.0
41.4
41.6
42.2

42.0
41.1
41.4
41.8

13.42
14.51
12.95
13.50

13.80
15.00
13.46
14.00

14.24
15.58
13.80
14.48

567.67
606.52
545.20
583.20

579.60
621.00
559.94
590.80

598.08
640.34
571.32
605.26

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

44.1
45.8
45.5
46.5
42.2
41.7
44.9
43.9
47.6

43.3
44.3
44.0
43.0
41.6
41.2
44.0
41.5
44.8

44.1
45.0
45.3
44.2
42.1
41.6
43.4
42.7
45.7

17.18
17.99
18.75
22.87
14.56
13.08
15.35
18.56
20.70

17.61
18.96
19.63
25.08
14.74
12.92
15.95
19.33
21.22

18.33
19.96
20.54
25.16
15.06
13.16
15.25
19.35
22.35

757.64
823.94
853.13
1063.46
614.43
545.44
689.22
814.78
985.32

762.51
839.93
863.72
1078.44
613.18
532.30
701.80
802.20
950.66

808.35
898.20
930.46
1112.07
634.03
547.46
661.85
826.25
1021.40

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.5
40.1
41.6
42.8

41.3
40.5
42.1
42.4

41.2
38.9
41.8
42.6

13.63
12.23
14.51
12.65

13.92
12.61
14.84
13.19

14.35
12.73
15.30
13.54

565.65
490.42
603.62
541.42

574.90
510.71
624.76
559.26

591.22
495.20
639.54
576.80

Mississippi

Jackson

41.5
41.6

41.4
40.8

41.3
40.7

10.41
12.00

10.73
11.97

11.18
12.93

432.02
499.20

444.22
488.38

461.73
526.25

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.6
43.7
43.0
40.0

41.5
43.4
42.3
40.6

41.5
42.1
42.3
40.9

12.98
14.26
15.19
11.02

13.38
14.29
15.85
11.48

13.93
14.45
16.09
11.87

539.97
623.16
653.17
440.80

555.27
620.19
670.46
466.09

578.10
608.35
680.61
485.48

Montana

39.9

39.3

39.0

13.29

13.76

14.18

530.27

540.77

553.02

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.3
45.7
41.8

41.9
44.0
42.5

41.9
44.6
42.8

12.10
13.63
13.43

12.32
14.05
13.35

12.77
14.59
13.55

499.73
622.89
561.37

516.21
618.20
567.38

535.06
650.71
579.94

Nevada
Las Vegas

42.9
40.2

42.0
40.5

41.3
40.5

14.17
15.39

14.42
16.07

13.92
14.59

607.89
618.68

605.64
650.84

574.90
590.90

See footnotes at end of table.




159

1998

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls i n States and selected areas -— Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

42.0
41.4
41.2
41.7

41.3
40.2
41.7
40.9

40.6
39.8
41.5
40.9

$12.55
13.56
14.75
11.70

$12.79
13.64
14.55
12.26

$13.17
14.11
14.17
13.15

$527.10
561.38
607.70
487.89

$528.23
548.33
606.74
501.43

$534.70
561.58
588.06
537.84

New Jersey

42.0

41.8

41.7

14.24

14.58

15.07

598.08

609.44

628.42

New Mexico
Albuquerque

39.8
39.8

38.6
38.0

38.9
38.5

11.74
13.56

12.47
13.74

12.56
14.64

467.25
539.69

481.34
522.12

488.58
563.64

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
.
New York PMSA
New York City
.
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.2
41.9
40.4
43.2
38.8
41.6
40 3
38.8
38.5
41.0
43.2
42.3
42.9
40.4
40.4

41.1
42.2
41.0
43.0
40.0
41.5
40.2
39.2
38.9
40.5
42.5
42.0
42.6
40.0
40.1

41.2
42.6
41.2
42.8
39.6
41.0
39.9
39.4
38.9
41.4
42.3
44.1
41.5
40.5
41.8

13.19
14.64
10.41
16.65
12.11
12.20
12.20
11.99
11.75
11.41
14.85
15.79
14.30
11.55
12.48

13.47
14.54
10.69
16.95
12.14
12.70
12 50
12.43
12.17
11.23
14.95
15.84
14.53
11.83
13.13

13.86
15.20
11.02
17.14
12.11
12.85
12 97
12.81
12.58
11.54
15.61
15.98
15.15
12.44
13.13

543.43
613.42
420.56
719.28
469.87
507.52
491.66
465.21
452.38
467.81
641.52
667.92
613.47
466.62
504.19

553.62
613.59
438.29
728.85
485.60
527.05
502.50
487.26
473.41
454.82
635.38
665.28
618.98
473.20
526.51

571.03
647.52
454.02
733.59
479.56
526.85
517.50
504.71
489.36
477.76
660.30
704.72
628.73
503.82
548.83

41.2
42.1
41 2
40.6
41.8

41.1
41.4
41 1
40.3
41.6

41.0
42.1
41.3
39.8
42.5

11.41
11.03
12.33
11.70
12.43

11.84
11.40
12.79
12.07
12.92

12.32
11.70
13.39
12.53
13.37

470.09
464.36
508.00
475.02
519.57

486.62
471.96
525.67
486.42
537.47

505.12
492.57
553.01
498.69
568.23

40.5
40.6

39.9
40.0

40.0
40.4

11.29
11.22

11.40
10.88

11.93
11.57

457.25
455.53

454.86
435.20

477.20
467.43

43.6
42.9
41 8
43.6
43.8
42.6
44.7
45.8
43.7
43 6
42.1
44.5
43.1

42.9
42.6
41.4
43.3
43.2
42.4
43.3
46.0
43.1
43.3
41.2
43.6
42.0

42.9
42.2
40.3
43.3
43.4
42.2
43.8
46.0
43.2
43.7
41.1
44.2
42.1

15.30
12.74
13.62
14.63
15.05
14.30
16.52
16.82
16.20
15.93
16.12
16.59
17.27

15.79
13.18
13 91
15.20
15.45
14.82
16.89
17.41
16.15
16.10
17.48
17.16
17.58

16.26
13.75
14.17
15.94
16.11
15.17
17.42
17.47
16.71
16.51
18.19
18.53
18.08

667.08
546.55
569.32
637.87
659.19
609.18
738.44
770.36
707.94
694.55
678.65
738.26
744.34

677.39
561.47
575.87
658.16
667.44
628.37
731.34
800.86
696.07
697.13
720.18
748.18
738.36

697.55
580.25
571.05
690.20
699.17
640.17
763.00
803.62
721.87
721.49
747.61
819.03
761.17

42.4
43.7
42.3

41.5
42.7
42.5

41.3
41.6
42.4

12.36
13.72
12.80

12.61
13.64
13.14

12.69
14.13
13.33

524.06
599.56
541.44

523.32
582.43
558.45

524.10
587.81
565.19

40.9
39.6
39.8
41.7
39.7

40.7
40.7
39.4
40.7
39.4

40.4
40.3
39.3
40.5
39.1

13.39
12.79
12.38
13.45
11.73

14.07
13.46
12.88
14.43
12.13

14.61
14.14
13.56
15.10
12.67

547.65
506.48
492.72
560.87
465.68

572.65
547.82
507.47
587.30
477.92

590.24
569.84
532.91
611.55
495.40

42.0
42.2
40.7
44.2
40.0
39.7
40.6
41.7
43.0
42.2
41.3
43.2
42.3
41.2
42.3

41.9
42.1
40.0
44.3
40.2
39.7
40.7
41.6
42.5
42.2
40.9
42.0
41.4
40.5
42.7

41.8
41.0
40.0
44.3
39.9
38.7
41.0
41.6
42.5
42.6
40.7
41.7
42.3
40.0
42.7

13.78
13.93
11.58
13.97
13.19
10.16
12.76
14.88
14.71
15.03
12.39
14.68
11.88
11.01
14.09

14.06
14.50
12.21
14.26
13.62
10.40
12.91
15.33
15.05
15.06
12.63
13.93
12.18
11.36
14.41

14.18
14.09
12.99
14.72
14.25
11.82
13.29
15.80
15.30
14.75
12.77
14.36
12.49
11.73
14.71

578.76
587.85
471.31
617.47
527.60
403.35
518.06
620.50
632.53
634.27
511.71
634.18
502.52
453.61
596.01

589.11
610.45
488.40
631.72
547.52
412.88
525.44
637.73
639.63
635.53
516.57
585.06
504.25
460.08
615.31

592.72
577.69
519.60
652.10
568.58
457.43
544.89
657.28
650.25
628.35
519.74
598.81
528.33
469.20
628.12

... .

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
.
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
..
Davton-Sorinafield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton .. .
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
. .

.. ..

. .
.. .

.

Oklahoma
Oklahoma Citv
Tulsa

....

Oreoon
Euoene-SDrinofield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
...
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State Colleae
Williamsport
York

.. .

.
• •
.

See footnotes at end of table.




160

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

40.9
41.5

40.6
41.3

39.9
40.4

$11.31
11.48

$11.61
11.89

$11.98
12.29

$462.58
476.42

$471.37
491.06

$478.00
496.52

42.2

42.6

42.5

10.35

10.52

10.67

436.77

448.15

453.48

41.9
40.8
42.0

42.6
41.0
43.7

42.9
40.4
44.3

9.96
9.78
10.34

10.22
10.43
10.65

10.58
10.67
11.04

417.32
399.02
434.28

435.37
427.63
465.41

453.88
431.07
489.07

41.2
42.3
39.6
40.7
41.8
41.2

40.5
41.9
38.5
40.9
40.7
40.6

40.6
41.7
39.8
40.9
40.0
39.9

11.71
10.78
12.64
11.29
12.21
12.69

12.06
11.17
13.03
11.93
12.88
12.87

12.50
11.68
12.88
12.34
13.30
13.45

482.45
455.99
500.54
459.50
510.38
522.83

488.43
468.02
501.66
487.94
524.22
522.52

507.50
487.06
512.62
504.71
532.00
536.66

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.5
43.5
43.6
45.8
41.2

43.7
43.0
43.4
45.2
42.5

43.5
42.5
43.4
44.4
42.6

12.03
12.13
12.80
14.01
9.71

12.14
12.45
13.11
14.34
9.80

12.26
12.42
13.40
14.35
9.99

523.31
527.66
558.08
641.66
400.05

530.52
535.35
568.97
648.17
416.50

533.31
527.85
581.56
637.14
425.57

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.2
40.0

40.4
40.3

40.0
40.0

12.85
12.68

13.07
12.85

13.38
13.00

516.57
507.20

528.03
517.86

535.20
520.00

Vermont
Burlington

40.7
44.1

39.6
44.0

39.5
43.6

12.70
13.23

13.03
13.84

13.65
14.72

516.89
583.44

515.99
608.96

539.18
641.79

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.2
40.8
43.5
43.7
42.5
41.1
42.7
40.2

42.3
39.9
43.7
42.5
45.0
41.4
41.8
40.9

42.4
49.5
42.6
43.8
44.3
40.9
43.1
39.9

12.51
10.60
10.13
12.49
12.23
12.71
15.79
14.17

12.90
10.61
10.57
12.85
12.69
13.23
16.12
14.08

13.37
12.19
10.88
13.46
13.06
13.86
16.46
14.17

527.92
432.48
440.66
545.81
519.78
522.38
674.23
569.63

545.67
423.34
461.91
546.13
571.05
547.72
673.82
575.87

566.89
603.41
463.49
589.55
578.56
566.87
709.43
565.38

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ....
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Washington

40.6

40.8

40.9

15.16

15.76

16.14

615.50

643.01

660.13

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.7
46.7
42.9
43.8
40.5

41.6
47.5
43.1
42.2
40.2

41.6
48.1
40.9
42.1
40.5

13.17
14.66
14.69
16.85
15.22

13.72
15.56
15.42
17.21
16.64

14.09
16.23
15.28
17.67
17.38

549.19
684.62
630.20
738.03
616.41

570.75
739.10
664.60
726.26
668.93

586.14
780.66
624.95
743.91
703.89

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

42.4
44.2
42.2
42.2
45.3
39.4
42.2
41.5
42.0
42.8
42.8
43.3

41.8
44.3
41.1
41.4
43.6
39.5
42.1
40.4
41.6
41.5
42.6
42.7

41.9
44.2
41.7
42.4
42.6
39.1
40.8
39.9
41.7
41.8
42.8
43.1

13.66
14.83
12.72
14.86
17.24
14.78
11.81
12.71
14.93
14.13
12.96
13.21

14.02
15.22
12.75
15.46
18.03
15.35
12.29
13.13
14.99
14.58
13.83
13.55

14.51
15.85
12.76
15.19
18.90
16.37
12.51
13.75
15.47
14.78
14.64
14.19

579.18
655.49
536.78
627.09
780.97
582.33
498.38
527.47
627.06
604.76
554.69
571.99

586.04
674.25
524.03
640.04
786.11
606.33
517.41
530.45
623.58
605.07
589.16
578.59

607.97
700.57
532.09
644.06
805.14
640.07
510.41
548.63
645.10
617.80
626.59
611.59

Wyoming

40.3

40.4

39.3

14.54

14.93

15.40

585.96

603.17

605.22

Puerto Rico

39.6

40.0

40.9

7.99

8.41

8.89

316.40

336.40

363.60

Virgin Islands

42.7

40.1

43.8

18.09

18.60

18.89

772.44

745.86

827.38

1
Not available.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

161




LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Labor force status by census region and division
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

State and area
1997

1998

1999

26,205.7

1,406.9

1,214.1

7,146.9
19,058.8

314.1
1,092.8

249.3
964.7

47,774.8

48,398.0

2,323.1

24,696.6
8,112.5
14,965.7

25,066.6
8,203.9
15,127.5

1997

New England
Middle Atlantic
South
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central
Midwest
East North Central
West North Central
West

.

Mountain
Pacific

1998

1999

26,133.4

26,059.3

7,120.7
19,012.7

7,103.5
18,955.7

47,143.3

Northeast

Percent of labor force

24,428.4
8,056.2
14,658.7

1997

1998

1999

1,149.8

5.4

4.7

4.4

234.9
914.8

4.4
5.7

3.5
5.1

3.3
4.8

2,109.7

1,993.3

4.9

4.4

4.1

1.109.4
431.7
782.0

1,003.3
363.9
742.6

937.8
368.4
687.1

4.5
5.4
5.3

4.1
4.5
5.0

3.7
4.5
4.5

33,027.2

33,182.9

33,442.3

1,335.7

1,241.5

1,197.8

4.0

3.7

3.6

22,915.9
10,111.3

22,999.4
10,183.4

23,240.2
10,202.0

979.8
355.8

909.3
332.2

894.4
303.4

4.3
3.5

4.0
3.3

3.8
3.0

29,974.5

30,720.8

31,186.7

1,672.2

1,648.4

1,532.6

5.6

5.4

4.9

8,408.4
21,566.1

8,685.1
22,035.8

8,854.4
22,332.3

361.9
1,310.3

381.6
1,266.8

369.3
1,163.3

4.3
6.1

4.4
5.7

4.2
5.2

NOTE: These estimates are obtained by summing
the State estimates. The States (including the
District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey,
New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama,

Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South
Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,
and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and
South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington.

162




STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Labor force status by State
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force

Number

State and area

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

1997

1998

1999

2,167.0
314.5
2,182.1
1,212.2
15,947.3
2,150.2
1,722.6
381.0
257.6
7,118.6

2,156.5
316.9
2,255.0
1,210.4
16,323.9
2,241.1
1,698.5
391.6
268.6
7,229.8

2,145.3
315.2
2,363.7
1,222.2
16,585.9
2,264.1
1,691.6
389.0
282.1
7,366.5

109.8
24.8
101.4
64.2
1,004.7
70.1
87.9
15.4
20.4
338.5

90.9
18.4
93.4
66.7
968.2
86.1
57.0
14.8
23.7
310.3

102.2
20.1
104.2
54.8
864.2
66.0
53.4
13.6
17.7
284.2

5.1
7.9
4.6
5.3
6.3
3.3
5.1
4.0
7.9
4.8

4.2
5.8
4.1
5.5
5.9
3.8
3.4
3.8
8.8
4.3

4.8
6.4
4.4
4.5
5.2
2.9
3.2
3.5
6.3
3.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana ....
Maine

3,904.5
594.7
634.3
6,204.6
3,087.0
1,579.4
1,378.3
1,915.9
2,012.2
661.5

4,015.2
595.0
653.8
6,239.7
3,089.0
1.568.4
1,417.9
1,929.7
2,054.2
652.3

4,088.0
594.8
655.3
6,385.4
3.077.6
1,574.3
1,434.2
1,969.8
2,051.6
672.0

177.2
38.1
33.9
291.9
108.4
51.5
52.0
103.1
123.1
35.7

168.9
37.2
32.9
278.2
95.6
43.4
54.4
89.0
117.5
28.8

162.6
33.3
33.9
273.6
93.0
40.1
42.7
88.0
104.0
27.5

4.5
6.4
5.3
4.7
3.5
3.3
3.8
5.4
6.1
5.4

4.2
6.2
5.0
4.5
3.1
2.8
3.8
4.6
5.7
4.4

4.0
5.6
5.2
4.3
3.0
2.5
3.0
4.5
5.1
4.1

Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .

2,782.2
3,261.6
4,960.9
2,623.1
1,262.3
2,891.1
454.6
905.5
882.5
645.6

2,750.5
3,273.4
5,029.2
2,680.2
1,267.4
2,859.4
466.5
916.4
919.1
651.5

2,765.6
3,277.9
5,136.1
2,698.5
1.270.0
2,847.4
474.0
911.1
941.6
665.9

141.3
130.8
208.7
85.5
72.5
122.5
24.4
23.6
36.2
20.2

125.2
109.1
194.2
68.3
68.2
119.0
26.2
24.7
39.5
18.9

97.9
104.8
193.8
75.5
64.7
95.9
24.6
26.1
41.9
18.1

5.1
4.0
4.2
3.3
5.7
4.2
5.4
2.6
4.1
3.1

4.6
3.3
3.9
2.5
5.4
4.2
5.6
2.7
4.3
2.9

3.5
3.2
3.8
2.8
5.1
3.4
5.2
2.9
4.4
2.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

4,192.3
814.1
8,843.1
3,842.0
347.5
5,714.7
1,595.4
1,727.6
5,977.3
502.4

4,139.7
831.1
8,882.3
3,796.9
346.3
5,688.9
1,619.5
1,763.6
5,933.8
497.5

4,206.8
809.7
8,883.0
3,874.4
336.8
5,749.1
1,647.6
1,760.4
5,969.0
503.8

215.4
50.9
566.8
139.1
8.8
262.5
65.8
100.6
310.6
26.6

191.1
51.4
498.7
131.0
11.1
242.0
73.3
98.5
275.0
24.3

193.3
45.5
459.2
122.2
11.5
245.8
56.7
100.4
262.3
20.9

5.1
6.2
6.4
3.6
2.5
4.6
4.1
5.8
5.2
5.3

4.6
6.2
5.6
3.5
3.2
4.3
4.5
5.6
4.6
4.9

4.6
5.6
5.2
3.2
3.4
4.3
3.4
5.7
4.4
4.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1,931.3
386.2
2,711.0
9,839.0
1,039.3
327.0
3,408.1
2,981.9
802.9
2,948.7
251.3

1,962.3
394.9
2,758.9
10,081.6
1,061.3
330.3
3,484.0
3,036.4
797.8
2,952.7
257.3

1,962.0
399.7
2,818.9
10,206.0
1,083.9
335.8
3,522.0
3,076.0
817.0
2,892.0
262.1

87.3
11.8
146.3
529.0
32.3
13.0
134.9
142.0
55.3
108.3
12.8

74.7
11.3
115.7
485.1
39.9
11.2
101.6
144.5
53.0
99.4
12.3

87.8
11.6
113.5
471.6
40.5
10.2
98.0
145.4
53.9
88.1
12.7

4.5
3.1
5.4
5.4
3.1
4.0
4.0
4.8
6.9
3.7
5.1

3.8
2.9
4.2
4.8
3.8
3.4
2.9
4.8
6.6
3.4
4.8

4.5
2.9
4.0
4.6
3.7
3.0
2.8
4.7
6.6
3.0
4.9

Puerto Rico

1,308.3

1,311.2

1,301.7

176.4

174.7

152.7

13.5

13.3

11.7

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

163

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1999
Alabama
Anniston
Aubum-Opelika.
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

2,145.3
54.6
48.9
471.8
73.2
66.5
66.9
49.6
172.1
269.5
164.6
84.0

102.2
2.8
1.7
14.7
3.4
2.7
4.4
3.5
5.8
12.6
6.1
2.5

4.8
5.1
3.5
3.1
4.7
4.1
6.7
7.0
3.3
4.7
3.7
3.0

315.2
141.1

20.1
6.4

6.4
4.5

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa .
Tucson
Yuma

2,363.7
61.8
1,574.9
384.6
66.8

104.2
4.1
48.0
12.1
20.0

4.4
6.7
3.0
3.1
29.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers ...
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,222.2
143.3
96.8
42.1
298.5
36.0

54.8
3.4
3.6
1.4
9.5
2.7

4.5
2.4
3.7
3.3
3.2
7.5

16.585.9
280.5
85.8
432.4
4,658.6
84.8
203.1
1,211.6
1,471.6
72.9
1,442.6
787.9
191.7
1,358.2
956.9
962.8
110.6
199.5
140.8
251.2
253.0
253.2
395.8
166.6
90.2
56.9

864.2
31.9
5.8
57.2
272.8
11.2
21.4
39.7
38.9
5.1
74.0
31.6
18.1
41.9
23.2
29.2
3.6
7.7
8.9
6.7
22.1
10.8
18.9
27.3
4.0
7.1

5.2
11.4
6.8
13.2
5.9
13.3
10.6
3.3
2.6
7.0
5.1
4.0
9.5
3.1
2.4
3.0
3.3
3.9
6.3
2.7
8.7
4.3
4.8
16.4
4.4
12.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

2,264.1
175.7
258.7
1,139.5
141.0
58.9
86.1
60.3

66.0
4.7
8.6
27.5
4.3
2.2
3.1
2.9

2.9
2.7
3.3
2.4
3.1
3.7
3.6
4.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden ...
New London-Norwich .
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,691.6
213.7
107.9
574.8
270.2
151.1
192.2
114.5

53.4
8.4
2.5
18.9
8.4
5.0
4.1
4.3

3.2
3.9
2.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
2.1
3.8

Alaska
Anchorage .

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles .
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
YubaCity

See footnotes at end of table.




164

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1999
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

389.0
68 1
292 2

13.6
26
99

3.5
38
34

District of Columbia
Washington

282.1
2,610.0

17.7
67.7

6.3
2.6

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,366.5
191 5
770.4
180.0
125.6
80.5
105.3
539.8
200.3
206.3
1,045.0
93.6
98.2
881.9
65.9
173.1
46.9
273.8
149.3
1,201.4
506.5

284.2
59
31.2
4.6
9.4
2.6
2.2
16.1
9.7
8.0
60.6
3.5
3.6
23.8
4.0
6.3
1.5
5.9
3.9
32.9
25.5

3.9
31
4.0
2.6
7.5
3.3
2.1
3.0
4.8
3.9
5.8
3.8
3.6
2.7
6.1
3.7
3.2
2.2
2.6
2.7
5.0

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

4,088.0
57.4
73.7
2,207.4
208.6
127.4
153.0
136.0

162.6
4.3
1.9
68.0
10.8
6.5
7.1
5.7

4.0
7.5
2.6
3.1
5.2
5.1
4.7
4.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

594.8
424.2

33.3
20.9

5.6
4.9

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

655.3
230.1
40.3

33.9
8.5
2.1

5.2
3.7
5.2

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,385.4
91.8
98.3
4,265.3
190.7
60.9
52.5
187.9
201.2
108.4

273.6
2.0
2.5
174.3
8.4
2.9
2.9
7.6
9.1
3.9

4.3
2.2
2.5
4.1
4.4
4.8
5.4
4.0
4.5
3.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,077.6
60.9
96.6
157.5
263.2
298.5
833.8
50.4
89.9
61.5
134.9
68.5

93.0
1.4
2.1
5.1
7.5
11.8
20.2
1.3
2.0
2.0
4.2
3.0

3.0
2.3
2.2
3.2
2.9
3.9
2.4
2.6
2.2
3.3
3.1
4.4

See footnotes at end of table.




165

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1999
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.

1,574.3
112.6
253.8
48.5
67.1
64.0
67.4

40.1
2.0
4.7
1.3
1.4
1.6
2.6

2.5
1.8
1.9
2.7
2.0
2.5
3.9

Kansas
Lawrence ...
Topeka
Wichita

1,434.2
55.7

42.7
1.8
2.8
9.5

3.0
3.2
3.1
3.3

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,969.8
262.3

88.0
5.5
19.0
2.6

4.5
2.1
3.4
5.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City.

2,051.6
61.7

104.0
2.8
12.1
3.8
10.0
4.5
2.8

90.3
290.2

561.7
50.7

185.3

26.9
8.9

5.1
4.5
4.0
4.2
5.6
4.9
3.9
4.4
4.8

672.0
51.3
53.5
134.8

27.5
1.4
2.1
2.9

4.1
2.7
3.8
2.1

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,765.6
1,300.3
44.8
68.0

97.9
51.9
3.2
2.3

3.5
4.0
7.1
3.4

Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth .,
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster..
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,277.9

104.8
2.8
49.1
4.7
2.8
8.9
5.6
4.8
1.7
10.1
8.0

3.2
3.7
2.7
3.5
4.1
4.4
3.3
5.9
4.2
3.6
3.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,136.1
308.1
84.7
2,295.2
198.4
614.7
78.1
238.1
247.0
203.1

193.8
6.7
3.4
79.9
11.0

8.6

3.8
2.2
4.0
3.5
5.5
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.6
4.2

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,698.5
124.1
1,695.7
72.6
96.4

75.5
5.0
37.4
1.5
2.9

2.8
4.1
2.2
2.0
3.0

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,270.0

64.7
6.3
1.6
7.6

5.1
3.6
3.2
3.4

305.1
92.0
177.1
92.3
71.5

615.4

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn ....
Portland

75.1

1,818.5
132.9
68.2
203.5
168.8
80.5

39.6
282.5
251.4

172.2
50.3
225.1

See footnotes at end of table.




166

19.8
2.7
8.4
6.4

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1999
2,847.4
81.4
81.9
979.0
50.1
1,321.7
165.8

95.9
1.0
2.6
29.0
1.8
48.4
3.9

3.4
1.2
3.1
3.0
3.5
3.7
2.4

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula

474.0
73.0
38.0
52.3

24.6
2.9
2.0
1.9

5.2
4.0
5.3
3.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

911.1
142.4
385.8

26.1
3.4
10.0

2.9
2.4
2.6

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

941.6
728.8
173.2

41.9
32.3
6.4

4.4
4.4
3.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

665.9
105.6
104.9
125.2

18.1
2.5
3.1
2.8

2.7
2.4
2.9
2.2

4,206.8
172.6
682.8
283.6
642.2
521.6
1,023.8
167.2
64.3

193.3
13.8
31.0
20.5
20.8
22.0
45.9
6.7
5.5

4.6
8.0
4.5
7.2
3.2
4.2
4.5
4.0
8.6

809.7
354.6
68.1
73.0

45.5
14.0
5.2
2.0

5.6
3.9
7.6
2.7

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,883.0
451.4
124.3
569.0
120.0
44.7
59.6
66.0
1,410.7
4,093.4
3,444.2
176.7
573.2
362.8
143.6

459.2
16.1
5.1
30.9
4.2
2.2
2.9
3.4
47.2
252.8
230.6
6.2
24.4
15.5
6.2

5.2
3.6
4.1
5.4
3.5
4.9
4.9
5.2
3.3
6.2
6.7
3.5
4.3
4.3
4.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,874.4
109.8
773.1
115.6
47.9
643.7
64.8
171.1
46.6
633.0
67.1
111.0

122.2
2.5
19.7
4.4
1.9
15.2
2.9
3.5
1.7
9.9
4.2
3.8

3.2
2.3
2.6
3.8
4.1
2.4
4.5
2.1
3.5
1.6
6.2
3.4

336.8
52.9
101.2
51.7

11.5
1.6
2.0
1.5

3.4
3.0
2.0
3.0

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

See footnotes at end of table.




167

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1999
5,749.1
364.1
202.2
849.3
1,120.1
829.9
471.0
185.2
76.0
84.3
56.6
321.4
281.5

245.8
15.2
9.2
29.4
50.3
21.9
18.1
6.0
3.4
5.2
3.7
15.4
15.5

4.3
4.2
4.5
3.5
4.5
2.6
3.8
3.2
4.5
6.2
6.6
4.8
5.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,647.6
27.4
41.1
549.7
418.9

56.7
0.8
1.5
14.1
13.5

3.4
3.0
3.6
2.6
3.2

Oregon
Corvallis
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,760.4
40.8
163.2
89.2
1,047.2
168.1

100.4
1.2
9.3
5.9
47.1
10.3

5.7
2.9
5.7
6.6
4.5
6.1

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,969.0
313.4
63.5
140.8
348.3
102.5
243.5
2,528.7
1,153.4
182.6
304.6
57.9
65.4
56.5
193.0

262.3
13.1
2.9
7.0
11.5
5.9
6.6
104.9
50.1
7.4
17.0
2.9
1.8
2.8
6.9

4.4
4.2
4.5
5.0
3.3
5.8
2.7
4.1
4.3
4.1
5.6
5.0
2.7
5.0
3.6

503.8
576.0

20.9
24.5

4.1
4.3

1,962.0
269.6
281.3
63.2
493.1
104.9
47.0

87.8
9.3
6.9
3.5
16.2
4.1
2.6

4.5
3.4
2.5
5.5
3.3
3.9
5.5

399.7
47.2
102.4

11.6
1.2
1.8

2.9
2.5
1.7

2,818.9
228.3
85.8
58.2
226.9
352.6
560.2
661.6

113.5
7.9
2.9
2.0
10.0
11.6
20.3
18.0

4.0
3.5
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.3
3.6
2.7

10,206.0
59.6
113.1
707.6
181.6
104.1
126.6
75.4
175.9

471.6
2.2
4.0
15.8
15.6
7.0
12.5
1.3
11.5

4.6
3.7
3.6
2.2
8.6
6.8
9.8
1.7
6.5

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ..
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito ..
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi

See footnotes at end of table.




168

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1999
Texas
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

1,913.4
287.6
896.7
122.0
2,147.7
115.3
72.7
103.5
123.3
194.4
121.9
50.2
766.4
50.4
56.0
89.6
43.1
101.6
64.4

58.9
27.1
28.0
8.0
96.7
4.0
6.2
7.4
3.6
28.1
10.6
2.2
24.0
2.3
3.0
3.8
1.8
3.4
3.0

3.1
9.4
3.1
6.5
4.5
3.5
8.5
7.1
2.9
14.5
8.7
4.3
3.1
4.5
5.4
4.3
4.2
3.3
4.6

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

1,083.9
163.1
693.5

40.5
5.1
24.7

3.7
3.2
3.6

335.8
102.2

10.2
2.0

3.0
2.0

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,522.0
75.3
56.6
103.9
735.6
509.5
126.4

98.0
1.0
3.5
2.1
24.7
12.0
2.4

2.8
1.3
6.2
2.1
3.4
2.4
1.9

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,076.0
81.1
93.3
101.0
95.0
1,403.0
210.3
335.3
114.3

145.4
4.2
4.7
4.6
6.2
47.4
11.0
15.2
11.2

4.7
5.2
5.0
4.6
6.5
3.4
5.2
4.5
9.8

817.0
135.0
139.3
76.9
73.3

53.9
6.4
9.4
4.3
3.8

6.6
4.7
6.7
5.6
5.2

2,892.0
219.4
81.7
133.4
77.2
80.3
69.9
258.9
797.3
90.6
60.5
72.2

88.1
5.2
2.5
3.1
3.1
2.6
2.1
3.5
24.7
4.0
1.2
2.1

3.0
2.3
3.0
2.3
4.0
3.2
3.0
1.4
3.1
4.4
2.0
2.9

Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne

262.1
33.6
39.2

12.7
1.8
1.4

4.9
5.5
3.6

Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez

1,301.7
46.9
51.7
120.2
92.0
109.6
716.1

152.7
8.1
7.1
13.2
13.8
16.3
66.8

11.7
17.2
13.7
11.0
15.0
14.9
9.3

Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.




169

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Name
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State

Zip.




Area Definitions

Area definitions
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Alabama
Anniston
Auburn-Opelika
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Calhoun County
Lee County
Blount, Jefferson, St. Clair, and Stratford Counties
Lawrence and Morgan Counties
Dale and Houston Counties
Colbert and Lauderdale Counties
Etowah County
Limestone and Madison Counties
Baldwin and Mobile Counties
Autauga, Elmore, and Montgomery Counties
Tuscaloosa County

Alaska
Anchorage

MSA

Anchorage Borough

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Coconino County, Ariz.; Kane County, Utah
Maricopa and Pinal Counties
Pima County
Yuma County

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Benton and Washington Counties
Crawford and Sebastian Counties, Ark.; Sequoyah County, Okla.
Craighead County
Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline Counties
Jefferson County

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yblo
Yuba City

MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

Kern County
Butte County
Fresno and Madera Counties
Los Angeles County
Merced County
Stanislaus County
Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
Orange County
Shasta County
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties
El Dorado, Placer, and Sacramento Counties
Monterey County
San Diego County
Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties
Santa Clara County
San Luis Obispo County
Santa Barbara County
Santa Cruz County
Sonoma County
San Joaquin County
Napa and Solano Counties
Ventura County
Tulare County
Yolo County
Sutter and Yuba Counties

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction

PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA

Boulder County
El Paso County
Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Douglas, and Jefferson Counties
Larimer County
Mesa County




172

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Colorado—Continued
Greeley
Pueblo

PMSA
MSA

Weld County
Pueblo County

Connecticut
Bridgeport

PMSA

Bridgeport and Shelton cities, and Easton, Fairfield, Monoroe, Stratford, and
Trumbull towns in Fairfield County; Ansonia, Derby, and Milford cities, and
Beacon Falls, Oxford, and Seymour towns in New Haven County

Danbury

PMSA

Danbury city and Bethel, Brookfield, New Fairfield, Newton, Redding, Ridgefield,
and Sherman towns in Fairfield County; Bridgewater, New Milford, Roxbury, and
Washington towns in Litchfield County

Hartford

MSA

Bristol, Hartford, and New Britain cities, and Avon, Berlin, Bloomfield, Burlington,
Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington,
Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington, Plainville, Rocky Hill,
Simsbury, Southington, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield,
Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Barkhamsted, Harwinton,
New Hartford, Plymouth, and Winchester towns in Litchfield County; Middletown
city, and Cromwell, Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Haddam, Middlefield,
and Portland towns in Middlesex County; Colchester and Lebanon towns in New
London County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron,
Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in Tolland
County; Ashford, Chaplin, and Windham towns in Windham County

New Haven-Meriden

PMSA Clinton and Killingworth towns in Middlesex County; Meriden, New Haven, and
West Haven cities, and Bethany, Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Guilford,
Hamden, Madison, North Branford, North Haven, Orange, Wallingford, and
Woodbridge towns in New Haven County

New London-Norwich

MSA

Old Saybrook town in Middlesex County; New London and Norwich cities, and
Bozrah, East Lyme, Franklin, Griswold, Groton, Ledyard, Lisbon, Montville, North
Stonington, Old Lyme, Preston, Salem, Sprague, Stonington, and Waterford towns
in New London County; Canterbury and Plainfield towns in Windham County;
Hopkinton and Westerly towns in Washington County, R.I.

Stamford-Norwalk

PMSA Norwalk and Stamford cities, and Darien, Greenwich, New Canaan, Weston,
Westport, and Wilton towns in Fairfield County

Waterbury

PMSA Bethlehem, Thomaston, Watertown, and Woodbury towns in Litchfield County;
Waterbury city, Naugatuck borough, and Middlebury, Prospect, Southbury, and
Wolcott towns in New Haven County

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

MSA
PMSA

Kent County
New Castle County, Del.; Cecil County, Md.

District of Columbia
Washington

PMSA

District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince
George's Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg,
Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax,
Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and
Warren Counties, Va.; Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, W. Va.

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami

MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Flagler and Volusia Counties
Broward County
Lee County
Martin and St. Lucie Counties
Okaloosa County
Alachua County
Clay, Duval, Nassau, and St. John's Counties
Polk County
Brevard County
Miami-Dade County




173

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Florida—Continued
Naples

Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta

Type of
area

Definition

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Collier County
Marion County
Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Seminole Counties
Bay County
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties
Charlotte County
Manatee and Sarasota Counties
Gadsden and Leon Counties
Hemando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties
Palm Beach County

MSA
MSA
MSA

Augusta-Aiken

MSA

Columbus
Macon
Savannah

MSA
MSA
MSA

Dougherty and Lee Counties
Clarke, Madison, and Oconee Counties
Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas,
Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Pickens, Rockdale,
Spalding, and Walton Counties
Columbia, McDuffie, and Richmond Counties, Ga.; Aiken and Edgefield
Counties, S.C.
Chattahoochee, Harris, and Muscogee Counties, Ga.; Russell County, Ala.
Bibb, Houston, Jones, Peach, and Twiggs Counties
Bryan, Chatham, and Effingham Counties

Hawaii
Honolulu

MSA

Honolulu County

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

MSA
MSA

Ada and Canyon Counties
Bannock County

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

McLean County
Champaign County
Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will
Counties
Henry and Rock Island Counties, III.; Scott County, Iowa
Macon County
Kankakee County
Peoria, Tazewell, and Woodford Counties
Boone, Ogle, and Winnebago Counties
Menard and Sangamon Counties

Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Monroe County
Elkhart County
Posey, Vanderburgh, and Warrick Counties, Ind.; Henderson County, Ky.
Adams, Allen, DeKalb, Huntington, Wells, and Whitley Counties
Lake and Porter Counties
Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Morgan, and
Shelby Counties
Howard and Tipton Counties
Clinton and Tippecanoe Counties
Delaware County
St. Joseph County
Clay, Vermillion, and Vigo Counties

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Linn County
Dallas, Polk, and Warren Counties
Dubuque County
Johnson County
Woodbury County, Iowa; Dakota County, Neb.




MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

174

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Iowa—Continued
Waterloo-Cedar Falls....

MSA

Black Hawk County

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

MSA
MSA
MSA

Douglas County
Shawnee County
Butler, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

MSA
MSA

Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Madison, Scott, and Woodford Counties
Bullitt, Jefferson, and Oldham Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and Scott
Counties, Ind.
Daviess County

Owensboro

MSA

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Shreveport-Bossier City

MSA

Maine
Bangor

Rapides Parish
Ascension, East Baton Rouge, Livingston, and West Baton Rouge Parishes
Lafourche and Terrebonne Parishes
Acadia, Lafayette, St. Landry, and St. Martin Parishes
Calcasieu Parish
Ouachita Parish
Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John
the Baptist, and St. Tammany Parishes
Bossier, Caddo, and Webster Parishes

MSA

Bangor, Brewer, and Old Town cities; Eddington, Glenburn, Hampden, Hermon,
Holden, Kenduskeag, Milford, Orono, Orrington, and Veazie towns; and the
Penobscot Indian Island Indian Reservation in Penobscot County; Winterport town
in Waldo County

Lewiston-Auburn

MSA

Auburn and Lewiston cities, and Greene, Lisbon, Mechanic Falls, Poland,
Sabattus, Turner, and Wales towns in Androscoggin County

Portland.

MSA

Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook cities, and Cape Elizabeth, Casco,
Cumberland, Falmouth, Freeport, Gorham, Gray, Long Island, North Yarmouth,
Raymond, Scarborough, Standish, Windham, and Yarmouth towns in Cumberland
County; Buxton, Hollis, Limington, and Old Orchard Beach towns in York County

Maryland
Baltimore

PMSA

Baltimore City
Cumberland
Hagerstown
Suburban Maryland-D.C
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth

Boston




MSA
PMSA

Baltimore city, and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and
Queen Anne's Counties
Baltimore City
Allegany County, Md., and Mineral County, W.Va.
Washington County
Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George's Counties

MSA

Barnstable city, and Brewster, Chatham, Dennis, Eastham, Harwich, Mashpee,
Orleans, Sandwich, and Yarmouth towns in Barnstable County

PMSA

Taunton city, and Berkley, Dighton, Mansfield, and Norton towns in Bristol County;
Beverly, Gloucester, Lynn, Newburyport, Peabody, and Salem cities, and
Amesbury, Danvers, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynnfield, Manchester-by-the-Sea,
Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Newbury, Rockport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus,
Swampscott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex County; Cambridge, Everett,
Maiden, Marlborough, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham,
Watertown, and Woburn cities, and Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford,
Belmont, Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, Holliston,
Hopkinton, Hudson, Lexington, Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading,
Reading, Sherborn, Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield,

175

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Massachusetts—-Continued
Boston—Continued

PMSA

Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County;
Franklin and Quincy cities, and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Cohasset,
Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Holbrook, Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham,
Norfolk, Norwood, Plainville, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, Wellesley,
Westwood, Weymouth, and Wrentham towns in Norfolk County; Carver, Duxbury,
Hanover, Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell, Pembroke, Plymouth,
Rockland, Scituate, and Wareham towns in Plymouth County; Boston, Chelsea, and
Revere cities, and Winthrop town in Suffolk County; Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton,
Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon, Milford, Miliville, Southborough, and Upton
towns in Worcester County, Mass.; Seabrook and South Hampton towns in
Rockingham County, N.H.

Brockton

PMSA

Easton and Raynham towns in Bristol County; Avon town in Norfolk County;
Brockton city, and Abington, Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, Halifax, Hanson,
Lakeville, Middleborough, Plympton, West Bridgewater, and Whitman towns
in Plymouth County

Fitchburg-Leominster.

PMSA

Ashby town In Middlesex County; Fitchburg, Gardner, and Leominster cities,
and Ashbumham, Lunenburg, Templeton, Westminster, and Winchendon
towns in Worcester County

Lawrence

PMSA

Haverhill, Lawrence, and Methuen cities, and Andover, Boxford, Georgetown,
Groveland, Merrimac, North Andover, and West Newbury towns in Essex County,
Mass.; Atkinson, Chester, Danville, Derry, Fremont, Hampstead, Kingston,
Newton, Plaistow, Raymond, Salem, Sandown, and Windham towns in Rockingham County, N.H.

Lowell

PMSA

Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Pepperell,
Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middlesex County, Mass.;
Pelham town in Hillsborough County, N.H.

New Bedford

PMSA

New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, and Freetown towns
in Bristol County; Marion, Mattapoisett and Rochester towns in Plymouth County

Definition

Pittsfield

MSA

Pittsfield city, and Adams, Cheshire, Dalton, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, Lee,
Lenox, Richmond, and Stockbridge towns in Berkshire County

Springfield ....

MSA

Sunderland town in Franklin County; Agawam, Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and
Westfield cities, and East Longmeadow, Hampden, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson,
Montgomery, Palmer, Russell, Southwick, West Springfield, and Wilbraham towns in
Hampden County; Northampton city, and Amherst, Belchertown, Easthampton,
Granby, Hadley, Hatfield, Huntington, Southampton, South Hadley, Ware, and
Williamsburg towns in Hampshire County

PMSA

Holland town in Hampden County; Worcester city, and Auburn, Barre, Boylston,
Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden,
Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford,
Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbridge, Spencer, Sterling,
Sturbridge, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, and West
Brookfield towns in Worcester County, Mass.; Thompson town in Windham County,
Conn.

PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Lenawee, Livingston, and Washtenaw Counties
Berrien County
Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties
Genesee County
Allegan, Kent, Muskegon, and Ottawa Counties
Jackson County
Calhoun, Kalamazoo, and Van Buren Counties
Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties

Worcester.

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing




176

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Michigan—Continued
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

MSA

Bay, Midland, and Saginaw Counties

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

St. Louis County, Minn.; Douglas County, Wis.
Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne,
Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; Pierce and St. Croix Counties, Wis.
Olmsted County
Benton and Stearns Counties

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

MSA
MSA
MSA

Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson Counties
Forrest and Lamar Counties
Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City

MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA

Boone County
Jasper and Newton Counties
Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte and Ray Counties, Mo.; Johnson,
Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.
Andrew and Buchanan Counties
St. Louis city, and Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren
Counties, Mo.; Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, III.
Christian, Greene, and Webster Counties

MSA
MSA
MSA

Yellowstone County
Cascade County
Missoula County

MSA
MSA

Lancaster County
Cass, Douglas, Sarpy, and Washington Counties, Neb.; Pottawattamie County,
Iowa

MSA
MSA

Clark and Nye Counties, Nev.; Mohave County, Ariz.
Washoe County

Rochester
St. Cloud

St. Joseph

MSA
MSA1

St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New Hampshire

PMSA
Manchester

PMSA
Nashua

PMSA
Portsmouth-Rochester

Manchester city, and Bedford, Goffstown, and Weare towns in Hillsborough
County; Allenstown and Hooksett towns in Merrimack County; Auburn, Candia,
and Londonderry towns in Rockingham County
Nashua city, and Amherst, Brookline, Greenville, Hollis, Hudson, Litchfield, Mason,
Merrimack, Milford, Mont Vernon, New Ipswich, and Wilton towns in Hillsborough
County
Portsmouth city and Brentwood, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Greenland,
Hampton, Hampton Falls, Kensington, New Castle, Newfields, Newington,
Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye, and Stratham towns in Rockingham County;
Dover, Rochester, and Somersworth cities, and Barrington, Durham, Farmington,
Lee, Madbury, Milton, and Rollinsford towns in Strafford County, N.H.; and
Berwick, Eliot, Kittery, South Berwick, and York towns in York County, Maine

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton




PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA

Atlantic and Cape May Counties
Bergen and Passaic Counties
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties
Hudson County
Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Somerset Counties
Monmouth and Ocean Counties
Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties
Mercer County
Cumberland County

177

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

MSA
MSA
MSA

Bemalillo, Sandoval, and Valencia Counties
Dona Ana County
Los Alamos and Santa Fe Counties

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy

MSA

Albany, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, and Schoharie
Counties
Broome and Tioga Counties
Erie and Niagara Counties
Dutchess County
Chemung County
Warren and Washington Counties
Chautauqua County
Nassau and Suffolk Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and Westchester
Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties
Orange County, N.Y.; Pike County, Pa.
Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties
Rockland County
Cayuga, Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties
Herkimer and Oneida Counties
Westchester County

Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA

PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA

Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point

MSA
MSA
MSA

Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Buncombe and Madison Counties
Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties, N.C.; York
County, S.C.
Cumberland County
Wayne County
Alamance, Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, Stokes, and Yadkin
Counties
Pitt County
Alexander, Burke, Caidwell, and Catawba Counties
Onslow County
Chatham, Durham, Franklin, Johnston, Orange, and Wake Counties
Edgecombe and Nash Counties
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties

MSA
MSA
MSA

Burleigh and Morton Counties
Cass County, N.D.; Clay County, Minn.
Grand Forks County, N.D.; Polk County, Minn.

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati

PMSA
MSA
PMSA

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Oklahoma
Enid




MSA

Portage and Summit Counties
Carroll and Stark Counties
Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; Boone, Campbell,
Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, and Pendleton Counties, Ky.; Dearborn and Ohio
Counties, Ind.
Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties
Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway Counties
Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties
Butler County
Allen and Auglaize Counties
Crawford and Richland Counties
Jefferson County, Ohio; Brooke and Hancock Counties, W. Va.
Fulton, Lucas, and Wood Counties
Columbiana, Mahoning, and Trumbull Counties

Garfield County

178

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Oklahoma—Continued
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

MSA
MSA
MSA

Comanche County
Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties
Creek, Osage, Rogers, Tulsa, and Wagoner Counties

Oregon
Corvallis
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver

MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Benton County
Lane County
Jackson County
Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Ore.;
Clark County, Wash.
Marion and Polk Counties

Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Puerto Rico
Aquadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties
Blair County
Erie County
Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Perry Counties
Cambria and Somerset Counties
Lancaster County
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa.;
Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, N J .
Philadelphia County
Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties
Berks County
Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, and Wyoming Counties
Mercer County
Centre County
Lycoming County
York County

Aguada, Aguadilla, and Moca Municipios
Arecibo, Camuy, and Hatillo Municipios
Caguas, Cayey, Cidra, Gurabo, and San Lorenzo Municipios
Anasco, Cabo Rojo, Hormigueros, Mayaguez, Sabana Grande, and San German
Municipios
Guayanilla, Juana Diaz, Penuelas, Ponce, Villalba, and Yauco Municipios
Aguas Buenas, Barceloneta, Bayamon, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Ceiba,
Comerio, Corozal, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guaynabo, Humacao, Juncos, Las
Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Rio Grande, San
Juan, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, and Yabucoa
Municipios

Rhode Island
Provide nee-Fall River-Warwick.

MSA

Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County; Warwick city, and
Coventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent
County; Jamestown, Little Compton, and Tiverton towns in Newport County;
Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence, Pawtucket, Providence, and
Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston,
Lincoln, North Providence, North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield towns in
Providence County; Charlestown, Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown,
Richmond, and South Kingstown towns in Washington County, R.I.; Attleboro and
Fall River cities, and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea,
and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties
Lexington and Richland Counties
Florence County
Anderson, Cherokee, Greenville, Pickens, and Spartanburg Counties
Horry County
Sumter County




179

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

MSA
MSA

Pennington County
Lincoln and Minnehaha Counties

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol....

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Hamilton and Marion Counties, Tenn.; Catoosa, Dade, and Walker Counties, Ga.
Montgomery County, Tenn., Christian County, Ky.
Chester and Madison Counties
Carter, Hawkins, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Counties, Tenn.; Bristol city,
and Scott and Washington Counties, Va.
Anderson, Blount, Knox, Loudon, Sevier, and Union Counties
Fayette, Shelby, and Tipton Counties, Tenn.; Crittenden County, Ark.; DeSoto
County, Miss.

Knoxville
Memphis

MSA
MSA

Nashville

MSA

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier

Burlington .




MSA

Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner,
Williamson, and Wilson Counties
Taylor County
Potter and Randall Counties
Bastrop, Caldwell, Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties
Hardin, Jefferson, and Orange Counties
Brazoria County
Cameron County
Brazos County
Nueces and San Patricio Counties
Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Henderson, Hunt, Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties
El Paso County
Hood, Johnson, Parker, and Tarrant Counties
Galveston County
Chambers, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties
Bell and Coryell Counties
Webb County
Gregg, Harrison, and Upshur Counties
Lubbock County
Hidalgo County
Ector and Midland Counties
Tom Green County
Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, and Wilson Counties
Grayson County
Bowie County, Tex.; Miller County, Ark.
Smith County
Victoria County
McLennan County
Archer and Wichita Counties

Utah County
Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties

East Granville town in Addison County; Groton and Ryegate towns in Caledonia
County; Bolton and Huntington towns in Chittenden County; Bradford, Braintree,
Brookfield, Chelsea, Corinth, Fairlee, Newbury, Orange, Randolph, Topsham,
Vershire, Washington, West Fairlee, and Williamstown towns in Orange County;
and Barre city and Barre, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Duxbury, East Montpelier,
Fayston, Marshfield, Middlesex, Montpelier, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield,
Roxbury, Waitsfield, Warren, and Waterbury towns in Washington County
Burlington, South Burlington, and Winooski cities, and Charlotte, Colchester,
Essex, Hinesburg, Jericho, Milton, Richmond, St. George, Shelbume, and
Wiliiston towns in Chittenden County; St. Albans city, and Fairfax, Georgia, St.
Albans, and Swanton towns in Franklin County; Grand Isle and South Hero towns
in Grand Isle County

180

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News

Type of
area

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Northern Virginia

Richmond-Petersburg

MSA

Roanoke

MSA

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne

MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA

Definition

Bristol city, and Scott and Washington Counties
Charlottesville city, and Albemarle, Fluvanna, and Greene Counties
Danville city and Pittsylvania County
Bedford and Lynchburg cities, and Amherst, Bedford, and Campbell Counties
Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk,
Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg cities, and Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City,
Mathews, and York Counties, Va.; Currituck County, N.C.
Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Manassas, and Manassas Park
cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, King George, Loudoun,
Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren Counties
Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond cities, and Charles City,
Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and
Prince George Counties
Roanoke and Salem cities, and Botetourt and Roanoke Counties

Whatcom County
Kitsap County
Thurston County
Benton and Franklin Counties
Island, King, and Snohomish Counties
Spokane County
Pierce County
Yakima County

Kanawha and Putnam Counties
Cabell and Wayne Counties, W. Va.; Boyd, Carter, and Greenup Counties, Ky.;
Lawrence County, Ohio
Wood County, W. Va.; Washington County, Ohio
Marshall and Ohio Counties, W. Va.: Belmont County, Ohio

Calumet, Outagamie, and Winnebago Counties
Chippewa and Eau Claire Counties
Brown County
Rock County
Kenosha County
La Crosse County, Wis.; Houston County, Minn.
Dane County
Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties
Racine County
Sheboygan County
Marathon County

Natrona County
Laramie County

1
This is not the official Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Missouri definition. Excluded is the part of Sullivan City in Crawford
County.
NOTE: These definitions are those used for the 337 metropolitan




areas published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics
(LAUS) program (table C-3). About 272 of these areas and other
selected jurisdictions are published through the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program (tables B-14 and B-18).

181

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the U.S. Census Bureau for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll
reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments
employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.

Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides
information on the work status of the population without
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
182

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, U.S. Census
Bureau. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ
from employment counts derived by the U.S. Census Bureau
from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and
business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central
administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial
classification of establishments; and different reporting
patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences
in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of
Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.




County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

183

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the U.S. Census Bureau
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (\)Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




184

following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the




Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
185

employed persons regardless of whether or not their
businesses were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.

exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.

Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all self-




• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
186

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.

• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

0 New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.




d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must ex187

pect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.




• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the Feb188

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.

ruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000 and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.




• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls
189

used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were
not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 2000, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration and an upward revision in the number of deaths. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was lowered by about 215,000.
The labor force and employment levels were decreased by
about 125,000 and 120,000, respectively. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates and other percentages of labor
market participation were not significantly affected. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.
190

ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.

Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.

Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For
example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a
population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is
twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.

The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent C V on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-




Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
191

and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-




nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.

CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
192

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

68
230
1
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.

/ . Noninterview adjustment The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercover age. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1)51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Esti-

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs




193

mates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 196/ through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that the
CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for
women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races
than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sexrace-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent
that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many




194

Table 1 -B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1 -B through 1 -H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1 -D and 1 -E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




Monthly
level

Category

195

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1 -B and 1 -C, refer to either tables 1 -D and 1 E or tables 1 -F and 1 -G.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support

Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table l-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1 -F and 1 -G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1 B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-




196

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1 -F and 1 -G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the

Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ..
.
4,000 ..
.
6,000 ..
.
8,000 ..
.
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

Hispanic
origin

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

Total

White

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ..
..
4,000 ..
..
6,000 ..
..
8,000 ..
..
10,000 .
.
15,000 .
.
20,000 .
.
30,000 .
.
40,000 .
.
50,000 .
.
60,000 .
.
70,000 .
.
80,000 .
.
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

197

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

force (x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.

table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000,

a = -0.000017962

Sx = Vl-O.OOOOl 7962X6,000,000)2 +(2957.13X6,000,000) = 131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1 -G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.

120,000,000 -100,000,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

a = -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F andl-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.

= 4191.84

Sx = ^-(0.000093662X6,100,000)2 +(4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table 1 -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

/ fp(»oo-p)
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force

sx = V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor




b = 2957.13

198

Table 1 -R Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

-

i,650,000

(33X100-33) = 1.0 percent

Characteristic

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1 -G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1 -H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:

828.79

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1 -B or 1 -C, or apply the procedures for table 1 D or 1 -F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.

2529.99
(32X100-32) = 1.0 percent
V5,600,000

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p - 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1 -G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.




Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
199

Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
2

Unemployment:

2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

1

High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




200

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.

formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

b = 3139.26

S x = ^(-0.000125300)(l l,600,000)2 +(3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

Sx = A /(-° 000 125300)(l l,400,000)2 +(3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1 -H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92.
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Parttime
Unemployment:
Total
Parttime
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




201

Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION

graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available at http:\\stats.
bls.gov, the BLS Internet site.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or
activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected on
a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports filed by employers. For an establishment making
more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
under the industry indicated by the principal product or
activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-

sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
202

by members of the construction trades.

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers,
attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels
whose services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig203

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.

Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly
earnings series described above; the one difference between
the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate
this series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
204

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in
order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
205

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments
for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly hours

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1

ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character
of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of
continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.

The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




206

mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias
adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in
and of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1988-98
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1998 is listed as 150,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1997 through March 1998. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment
which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The
difference between the total bias required and the total bias
added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark
revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the
table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As
discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth
each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used
to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias
adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment
survey since the late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous
3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year.
The undercount errors were measured as the difference
between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal
of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published
both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows
BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry
detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data
in considerably more detail with an additional 1 -month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

207

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error.
The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small
establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion
of all large establishments but also for a more substantial
number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample
to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The
sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered
total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a
lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is
used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the UI
universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each
program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very
small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade,
percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with
a range from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most
current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows
the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1988-98
(in thousands)
Benchmark
Average monthly bias
Year
1
2
Employment
Revision
Added3
Required4
1988
1989

86,180
89,015

-310
-93

114
131

88
123

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

90,546

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518
85

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130
150

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173

88,790
88,347
89,790

92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040

103,965

1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




157

Over-the-year
employment
change5
3,007
2,835
1,531

-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882
2,925

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

208

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.

of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and
earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The volume of these corrections has often been quite large and had substantial
effects on universe employment distributions at the industry levels, but effects on total nonfarm employment have
been minimal. In 1999, BLS and its State partners completed a multi-year conversion to a new refiling schedule,
which uses a random selection method to target one-third

Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S, 2 and S 9 2 .
S difference

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1998
Sample coverage1
Industry

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.

=

^s?

+

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

S

2 ~ 2pSjS2
~

If Si = S2, then:
S change

Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

124,050

304,495

42,498

34

592
5,474
18,805

2,853
24,798
51,168

212
994
8,287

36
18
44

15,925
23,106
56,653

2,071
1,072
4,469

32
16
21

21,510
72,329

1,981
8,057

27
22

2,662
4,004
8,689

100
85
68

6,497
6,742
21,724
7,269
36,862
2,662
4,702
12,721

2

3

7,566
8,140
20,447

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. Hours and earnings
estimates are derived from a sample.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




Employees

=
Total

S change

Benchmarks
(thousands)

209

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1998
benchmark revision
Level

10-year average
mean percent revision

Percent

Actual

Absolute

44

1

()

0.1

0.3

85

0.1

.1

.3

91

.4

.2

.7

15
0
1
14
1

2.5
0
1.1
4.1
1.0

-.2
-.7
.3
-.4

1.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
1.6

15
-22
12
25

.3
-1.7
1.7
.7

-.2
-.6
.9
-.2

1.1
2.4
2.1
1.0

61

.3

.3

.7

75

.7

.4

.8

9
7
1
0
-1
12
14
4
6
-6
11
1
1
9
7

1.1
1.3
.2
0
-.4
.8
.6
1.0
.3
-.9
.6
.1
.2
1.0
1.8

.2
.5
.3
.1
.7
.4
.3
.3
.2
.4
1.0
1.2
.9
.4

1.8
1.1
.7
.7
1.1
.6
1.0
1.3
.7
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5

-14

-.2

.2

.7

-18
0
1
-6
-7
-1
6
5
3

.2
-.2

.9
3.4
.9

1

-1.1
0
.2
-.8
-1.0
-.1
.6
3.6
.3
1.2

-47

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blastfurnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

(D

.1

.3
.4
-.2
.1
.2
1.0

1.4

.1

2.2

(1)

.1

.3

41
54
-1
5
31
-6
19
0
6
-13
-13
0

.6
1.3
-.4
1.0
1.8
-3.5
1.6
0
1.3
-.6
-.9
0

-.2
-.4

-.1

1.0
1.5
1.0
2.1
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.2
2.8
1.1
1.8
.7

-2
-25
23

-.6
.8

-.3
-.3
-.3

1.1
1.3
1.0

See footnotes at end of table.




-1.9

210

(1)

-1.0

-.4
-1.6

.4
2.2
-.6
-.8
.2
.3

.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.1

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1998
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

-99
-25
-55
-29
-57
-10
-16
34
-32
77
-33

-0.5
-2.8
-2.1
-1.3
-1.7
-.4
-1.5
3.1
-3.2
1.0
-1.2

0.3
-.3
1.8
2.5
-.4
-1.2
-1.0
.9
-.8
.9
-.1

0.6
1.6
2.9
3.4
.9
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

56
34
0
8
-6
33
33
-3
5
14
11
3
8

.8
1.0
0
.5
-2.3
5.2
10.7
-.5
2.1
.6
.7
.4
.6

-.2
-.6
-1.1
-.5
-3.5
1.9
2.9
.2
-3.0
.4
.5
.3
-.4

1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
5.8
3.3
5.9
1.1
4.8
1.4
1.6
1.1
1.5

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

-2
-2
5
13
15
-23
53
34
-4
-15
-6
8
-66
-53
-12
5
-27
-7
-9
-33
12
21
-4
1
91
-54
-12
-16
-1

(1)
-.3
.3
1.0
.2
-2.5
1.7
1.2
-.3
-1.3
-1.6
1.4
-4.6
-.5
-.7
.3
-.7
-1.0
-.9
-1.4
.5
3.4
-.5
1.1
3.9
-1.7
-1.4
-1.6
-2.0

.1
1.5
.7
.9
.5
.4
1.4
1.9
.5
-1.3
-1.3
-1.6
.3
-.7
-.9
-.5
-.8
1.2
-.9
.7
-.3
-2.2
-.2
1.8
2.4
-.1
-.6
.5
1.4

.6
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.8
1.3
3.3
2.9
2.5
1.6
4.7
3.8
3.1
.8
1.5
.8
.8
2.6
1.0
2.6
1.5
5.0
1.3
2.4
3.0
1.5
1.1
3.1
2.8

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

-41
0
0
-39
-25
-14
-2
16
-18

-.2
0
0
-.8
-1.2
-.5

(1)
0
0
.1
.2
.1

d)

(D

.3
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.2
.3
.4

1

2

Less than 0.05 percent.




.2
-.3

211

(1)
(1)

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

ately following the reference month. Final revised samplebased estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March 1994March1995.

of all UI universe units for refiling in a given year. Previously, refiling procedures called for each major industry
division to be refiled every third year. The refiling schedule
refinement was made because of large benchmark revisions
and corresponding distortions in over-the-year employment
trend measurement for specific industries.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immedi-




212

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

Total
Total private

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

57,900
47,800
13,900

0

0

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

1,800
300
700
1,700
300

0
-0.1
.2
-.1
.1

0.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,100
4,100
3,300
5,000

.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.3
.3
.1

Manufacturing

9,500

0

6,400

0

1,300
1,200
1,200
1,700
1,300
2,200
2,600
1,800
2,200
1,400
4,200
3,600
1,600
1,600
900

.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.3
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1

Goods-producing

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
,
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

4,800
2,700
500
1,200
2,700
1,100
1,700
1,700
1,000
1,400
600

.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1

0
.6
0
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0

54,500

.1
1.0
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4
0

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

9,800
9,400
2,100
3,700
5,800
1,400
6,400
200
1,100
4,100
3,800
1,600

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.3
-.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.2
.7
.5
.2
.7
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2
.1

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

7,600
4,300
4,800

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

See footnotes at end of table.




213

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies ...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

31,100
2,800
19,400
18,500
5,800
3,000
1,200
5,700
3,100
9,400
7,900

0
0
.1
.1
0
-.1
-.1
.1
0
0
.1

0.1
.2
.5
.6
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate

6,200
3,800
2,500
2,100
1,100
1,500
1,100
1,100
1,700
2,700
2,400
1,200
2,800

0
0
-.1
-.1

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

28,700
2,700
6,000
5,800
12,300
2,500
10,500
10,300
2,800
2,000
1,000
6,200
9,400
5,500
2,500
1,600
3,300
2,000
1,400
12,600
9,700
4,400
1,400
600
3,200
5,100
2,300
3,400
500

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,500
8,300
7,600
11,800

9,900
4,800
16,800
14,200
11,300

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly
observations.




214

2

-.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0

.1
0
0

.1
.1

-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
0
0
0

.1
.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
0
.1
-.1
0
0
0
-.1
.1
.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
.8
.5
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.5
.3
.6
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.3
.8
.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1994 through
December 1998.

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMAs), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 337 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




215

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State UI
laws; and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas—New York City and
the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained using the same modeling approach as for states. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMAs, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMAs within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

216

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.

revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily
add to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-l 1 ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-l 1 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-l I ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were




Establishment data
Effective in June 1996, with the release of the March 1995
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X - l 2 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series.
The conversion to X-l 2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4- vs. 5-week
effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent
concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.

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The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Effective with the release of the March 1997 benchmarks,
seasonally adjusted series for employment, hours, indexes
of aggregate hours, and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers from 1989 forward incorporate
refinements to the seasonal adjustment process to correct
for distortions related to the method of accounting for
the varying length of payroll periods across months—a calendar effect.
REGARIMA modeling also is used to indentify, measure,
and remove this calendar effect for the publication level seasonally adjusted hours and earnings series.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data (usually the most recent 5 years) are made
once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series
are seasonally adjusted using multiplicative models in
X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied at component
levels. For employment series, these are generally the 2digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic
aggregations for employment series and weighted averages
of the seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These




series, however, are used in the aggregation to higher level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
The standard procedure for seasonal adjustment for the
local education employment series was improved with the
1997 benchmark. In the past, the seasonal factors for this
industry were derived using the standard seasonal adjustment
procedure of a logarithmic transformation of the data as input
for the multiplicative decomposition of the series. However,
in recent years, the forecasted seasonal factors have failed to
adequately reflect the changing behavior of this industry in
the summer months. The factors for this industry are now
derived using a square-root transformation of the data as
input for an additive decomposition of the series. These
modifications produce seasonal factors that better reflect
current industry seasonal patterns. However, the annual
averages of seasonally adjusted and unadjusted series will
not be equal.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process. The special adjustment made in November each year to adjust for the effect
of poll workers in the local government employment series
also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988
forward.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1999, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1999, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1999-April 2000 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of
seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by
major industry for all States and the District of Columbia
(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly
to the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
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does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to
regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X - l l




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