Full text of Employment and Earnings : May 1999

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Employment & Earn

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

May 1999
Vol. 46 No. 5

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010),
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment & Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans. and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages

May

Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
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Information in this publication will be made available to
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appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott

Employment^Earnings
Editors
Eugene H. Becker
John F. Stinson Jr.
Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, April 1999
Revisions in State establishment-based employment estimates effective
January 1999
Summary tables and charts
Area definitions
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
6
172
183
220

Statistical tables

Source

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

10

21

46

50
55

67
80
80

47

63

98
121

Historical

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Annual averages:
Establishment data, States and areas:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor force data:
Region
State
Area




125
127

132
132

140
158
162
163
164

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1965 to date

8

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1987 to date

9

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

10
1 1
13
14

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

15
16

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l I.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

I7
18
19
20
20

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

2I
24
25
27
28

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work I to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

29
30
31
32
33
33
34
35
36

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

37
38
39
40
41
41
42
43

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

43

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




44

45

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

46
47

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

50
52
53
54

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

55

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

63
64
65
66

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

67

B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

79

States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

80

Hours and Earnings
National
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarni
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

98
1 18
I 19
120
121

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

125
127

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by Slate and metropolitan area

132

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

183

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

183
184
184

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninlervicw adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

191
191
192
192
193
193
193
194
194
194
194
195
195
195
195
196
196

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

203
203
203




Page

185
185
185
187
187
189

IV

206
206
206
206
206
206
207
208
208
209
209
209
209
210
210
210
213
213

Region. State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

216
216
216
216
216
216
217
217
217
217
217

Seasonal adjustment

218

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, April 1999

P

ayroll employment rose in April, and the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 4.3 percent.
Nonfarm payroll employment grew by 234.000. Job
gains occurred throughout the service-producing sector, but
losses'continued in manufacturing and mining.

Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons. 6.0 million, and the unemployment rate, 4.3 percent, were about unchanged in April.
The rate has been at or below 4.5 percent since April 1998.
Over the month, the unemployment rates for whites and Hispanics increased to 3.8 and 6.9 percent, respectively, at or
near where they had been in February. The jobless rates for
the other major demographic groups—adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers (14.1 percent),
and blacks (7.7 percent)—-were little changed over the month.
Over the year, the unemployment rate for blacks was down
1.3 percentage points, while the rate for whites was little
changed. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
The civilian labor force, at 139.1 million, and the labor force
participation rate, at 67.1 percent, were little changed from
March. Total employment, at 133.1 million, was essentially
unchanged from March. In April, the employment-population ratio—the proportion of the population age 16 and over
with jobs—was 64.2 percent, also little changed from the previous month. (See table A-3.)
About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in April. These multiple jobholders represented 5.8 percent of the total employed, compared with 6.1
percent a year earlier. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in April. These were
people who wanted and were available for work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were
not counted as unemployed because they had not searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A36.)
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them—was 245,000 in April, down from 344,000 a year earlier. (See table A-36.)




Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 234,000 in April, following no gain in March. The April increase was in line with
the average monthly growth for the prior 12 months. Strong
growth occurred in several service-producing industries, but
job losses continued in manufacturing and mining. Construction employment changed little in April after seasonal adjustment, following a sharp decline in March. (See table B-3.)
The services industry added 131,000 jobs in April, somewhat above the average gain for the prior 12 months. A large
employment increase occurred in business services (51,000).
led by job gains in both help supply services (18,000) and
computer services (16.000). Employment in health services
increased by 23,000. more than twice the monthly average
over the prior year. Over-thc-month job gains occurred in
doctors' offices, hospitals, and home health care services.
Employment both in motion pictures and in amusements and
recreation grew in April, after changing little in March. Job
growth continued in engineering and management services,
but the gain of 11,000 in April was about half the average
increase for the prior 12 months.
Finance added 17,000 jobs in April after 2 months of small
gains. Nondepository institutions had a large increase of
8,000, and security brokerages added 6,000 jobs after showing little net growth the prior 5 months. Employment in both
insurance and real estate increased only slightly in April. In
the first 4 months of this year, average monthly job growth in
both industries has been below the average for 1998.
Transportation and public utilities employment rose by
22,000 in April. Transportation accounted for most of the
increase (20,000); the largest gain occurred in local and interurban passenger transit (7,000). Communications employment rose by 5,000, in line with its average for the prior 12
months. Employment in public utilities continued its longterm decline, losing 3,000 jobs in April.
Retail trade employment rose by 66,000 in April. Within
retail trade, employment in eating and drinking places increased by 64,000 after seasonal adjustment; this follows a
loss of about the same amount in the previous month. In
April, employment increased in furniture stores and in automotive dealerships and service stations but declined in general merchandise stores and building materials stores.
Wholesale trade added 11,000 jobs in April, about equal
to the industry's average monthly growth over the past year.
Government employment was little changed in April. A loss
in Federal employment of 23,000 offset a gain in local gov-

ernment. The decline at the federal level largely reflected a
temporary reduction in the number of workers preparing for
the decennial census.
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment
continued to decline in April, with a loss of 29,000 jobs. Part
of the loss was due to a strike of 7,000 workers in shipbuilding, which is within transportation equipment manufacturing.
(Persons on strike for the entire reference pay period are not
on payrolls and, thus, are not counted as employed in the
establishment survey.) Aircraft industry employment declined
by 6,000 in April and has fallen by 23,000 since its most
recent peak last August. Job losses continued in April in industrial machinery, fabricated metals, instruments, apparel,
and textiles.
Mining employment declined by 6,000 in April. Job losses
in the industry have totaled 26,000 for the year thus far compared with 35,000 for all of 1998.
After seasonal adjustment, construction employment was
little changed in April, following a decline of 53,000 in March.
Since October, construction employment growth has averaged 32,000 a month, slightly above the average for the prior

12-month period.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up 0.1 hour in
April to 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing
workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 41.7 hours. Factory overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 4.4 hours. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
0.3 percent to 146.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing index edged up 0.1 percent to 106.3. (See
table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents in April
to $13.11. seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose
by 0.5 percent over the month to $452.30, seasonally adjusted.
Over the year, hourly and weekly earnings each rose by 3.2
percent. (See table B-11.)

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
With the release of May data in June, BLS will introduce revisions in the establishment-based series on
nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March
1998 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data since April 1997 and seasonally adjusted
data since January 1994 are subject to revision. Seasonal adjustment factors for March through October
1999 will be available on the Internet at http://srats.hls.gov/ceslKmie.htni on May 28, one week prior to the
release of the May estimates. Further information on these revisions is available by calling (202) 606-6555.




Scheduled 1Release Dates
LImploymcnl and unemployment data are scheduled for initi< il release on
the following dates

Reference month

Release dare

Reference month

Release date

May

June 4

August

September 3

June

July 2

September

October 8

July

August 6

October

November 5

Revisions in State Establishment-Based
Employment Estimates Effective
January 1999

Aaron Kofner

W

ith the release of estimates for January 1999, nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings
data for States and areas (tables B-7, B-14, and
B-18) were revised to reflect the incorporation of March
1998 benchmarks, and the recomputation of seasonal
adjustment factors (State estimates). These revisions affected
all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward and the seasonally adjusted State estimates from January 1994 forward.
Detailed information on the effect of the benchmark on
the employment estimates was not available, however, at
the time the revisions were introduced. This article provides
some background on benchmarking methods, detailed information on the effects of the March 1998 benchmark revisions, and some historical perspective.

Benchmark methods
The Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment
survey, is a Federal/State cooperative program that provides
employment, hours, and earnings estimates for States and
areas on a timely basis by estimating the number of jobs in
the population from a sample of that population. As in other
sample surveys, estimates in the CES are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error is an
unavoidable byproduct of forming an inference about a population based on a sample. The larger the sample is relative
to the population, the smaller the sampling error. The sampleto-population ratio varies across States and industries.
Nonsampling error is not unique to sample surveys, as it
includes errors in reporting and processing.
To help control both sampling and nonsampling error,
the estimates are benchmarked annually to universe employment counts. These counts are derived primarily from
employment data reported on unemployment insurance (UI)
tax reports that nearly all employers are required to file with
State employment security agencies. Benchmark levels
replace the original sample-based estimates from April of
the previous year to March of the benchmark year for each
month. For the current 1998 benchmark, estimates from April
1997 to March 1998 were replaced with Ul-based universe
counts. Once the new level for March 1998 had been determined, applying the appropriate sample links to the new
Aaron Kofner is an economist in the Division of Monthly Industry
Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.




level forward recalculated the estimates for April 1998. The
sample links capture the over-the-month change of the
sample estimates. A sample link for a given month is calculated by dividing employment reported by survey respondents for that month by employment reported by those same
respondents for the previous month. The links used during
the benchmark process may differ slightly from those used
to derive the original estimates, because they include data
from respondents that reported too late for inclusion in the
previously published estimates. This process was completed,
and the revised data were released with the January 1999
estimates.
Improvements in the receipt of UI data and in the standardization of State operations have enabled all States to
replace estimates with UI data beyond March of the benchmark year. This use of more current UI data should reduce
the error associated with the next March benchmark revision. In the March 1998 benchmark, 11 States used third
quarter 1998 UI data (that is, through September 1998) in
their benchmarking; 37 States and the District of Columbia
used second quarter 1998 UI data (that is, through June
1998); and 2 States used first quarter 1998 data (that is,
through March 1998). Recalculated sample links were then
applied to these new levels to derive revised estimates for
months after the replacement quarter.
Benchmark revisions
The percentage differences between the March 1998 samplebased estimates and the revised March 1998 benchmarked
levels are commonly used to report the magnitude of the
revisions. The average absolute percentage revision for State
total nonfarm estimates was 0.5 percent for March 1998,
the same as in 1995 and 1996 and up O.I percentage point
from last year. The range of the percentage revisions for the
States, at the total nonfarm level, was from -1.2 percent to
2.5 percent. All major industry divisions, except mining and
transportation and public utilities, had larger or equal average absolute revisions this year as compared to last year.
Manufacturing and trade had the lowest average absolute
revisions, 0.8 percent. Mining and construction had the highest revisions with average absolute revisions of 3.1 and 2.5
percent, respectively (table I).
The direction of the revisions indicates whether the March
1998 benchmark levels were greater or less than the origi-

nal sample-based estimates. Historically, State estimates
have underestimated March employment levels during
periods of economic growth and overestimated these levels
during periods of economic decline. For the current benchmark, 26 States and the District of Columbia revised total
nonfarm employment upward while 24 States had downward revisions (table 2). This close balance between underand overestimation of employment is also reflected by the
0.1 mean percentage revision across all States for total nonfarm employment.
As the size of the CES sample for a particular estimate
decreases, the benchmark revision will, on average, increase.
This is reflected in the benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment for metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).
For MSAs published by the CES program, the range of percentage revisions is from -7.2 to 3.8 percent with an average absolute revision of 0.9 percent. This compares to a
range of -1.2 to 2.5 percent and an average absolute percentage revision of 0.5 at the State level. Grouping MSAs
by size (as defined by total nonfarm employment) also demonstrates this pattern. Generally, as the size of the MSAs
decreases, the range of percentage revisions increases, as
does the average absolute percentage revision (table 3).
Seasonal adjustment
Coincident with the benchmark adjustments, seasonally
adjusted employment data by State and major industry division were revised from 1994 forward to incorporate updated
seasonal adjustment factors. BLS uses a two-step seasonal

adjustment process for adjusting State nonfarm payroll
employment estimates. This process uses UI seasonal trends
to adjust the benchmark historical data but incorporates
sample seasonal trends to adjust the current sample-based
estimates in the post-benchmark months. By accounting for
the differing seasonal patterns of the benchmark data and
the sample-based estimates, this technique yields an
improved seasonally adjusted series for analyzing over-themonth employment change. Revised seasonally adjusted
nonfarm payroll employment data for all States and the
District of Columbia for the 1994-98 period are available
on the Internet. Data for the most recent 13 months are regularly shown in table B-7.
Additional information
State and area annual averages for 1996-98 by major industry are published in this issue of the publication, along with
a detailed listing of the area definitions. Historical State
and area employment, hours, and earnings data are available at http://stats.bls.gov/datahome.htm, the BLS Internet
site. Users may access the data via Anonymous FTP, Series
Report, or Selective Access at this address. Any questions
on how to access the data through the Internet should be
directed to (202) 606-7351. Inquiries for additional information on the methods or estimates derived from the CES
survey should be sent to: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Room 4860, 2 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Washington, DC
20212-0001. The telephone number is (202) 606-6559; Fax
(202) 606-6644. The E-mail address is D a t a S A@bls.gov.

Table 1. Differences between State employment estimates and benchmarks by industry, March 1993-98
Industry

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Average absolute percentage differences
Total nonfarm
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing...
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services
Government

0.7

0.8

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.5

5.3
4.8
1.1
1.7
1.0
1.3
1.5
.6

4.7
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.2
2.1
1.4
.7

6.0
3.1
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.7
1.3
1.0

3.3
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.1

4.2
2.4
.8
1.4
.6
1.3
.9
.7

3.1
2.5
.8
1.3
.8
1.5
1.0
.9

-1.3:1.3
.2
.5

-1.2:2.5
.1
.7

Average percentage revisions

Total nonfarm:
Range
Mean
Standard deviation

-.7:2.0
.5
.7

-1.0:2.5
.6
.9

NOTE: The range indicates the lowest and highest percentage revision at the total nonfarm level. The mean is the sum of all the items in a
series divided by the number of items.The standard deviation is a widely
used measure of dispersion. It measures the extent to which the individual items in a series are scattered about the mean of the series and
indicates the reliability of the mean. For example, the March 1997 standard deviation (.5) is low, relative to March 1994 (.9).This is an indica-




-1.7:1.5
.4
.9

-3.0:1.7
-.2
.7

tion that there is higher variation among State total nonfarm revisions
in March 1994 (that is, the mean is less representative of the group)
than in March 1997 (that is, the mean is more representative of the
group). The standard deviation is found by taking the difference of each
item in a series from the mean of the series, squaring each difference,
summing the squared differences, dividing the result by the number of
items, and obtaining the square root of that figure.

Table 2. Percent differences between nonfarm payroll employment benchmarks and estimates by State, March 1993-98
State

1993

1994

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

0.4
.2
.7
.3
.3
1.7
1.9
-.7
-.7
1.3

0.6
.7
2.5
1.1
1.4
1.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

.6
.8
.5
1.0
1.2
.5
-.6

.2
.6
-.6
.8
2.4
.2
-.1
1.9
2.5
.5

.1
1.1
-.3

1997

1998

0.6
1.0
-.1
(1)

-.2
.6
.4
-.3
-.2
.2

0.3
.7
-.3
.2
-.2
.3
.1
-.5
.6
-.4

-.5
.5
-.6
-.6
-.1
-.1
-.7
(1)
-.3
-.7

.5
.7
.5
.2
.4
-.2
-.5
(1)
-.1
.4

-.1
.1
.2
.1
.4
-.3
-.1
-.1
-.3
.7

.5
.3
.7
-.4
.1
.9

1.4

-.1
-.3
-.4

-.1

.2
-.1
.8
.4
.4
-.3
.2
.9
-1.3
.2

-.1
-1.2
-1.1
2.5

()
.3
.5
.2
-.2
.7
.6
-.6
.4
1.0

-.2
-3.0
-.3
.3
-.6
-.4
.2
-.2
.1
-1.4

-.9
.4
-.3
-.1
-.3
.3

1996

1995

0.1

1.1
-1.0
1.5
-.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.1
-.6

.1
-.3
-.8
.4

(1)
1.7
-.1
.3
-.8
-.3
-.2
-.4
.2

.1

-1.0
.6
.7
.5
(1)
.4
-1.7

.9
.2
.3
.4
1.3
-1.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

.6
1.2
.5
.3
.3
.9
-.7
.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1.5
2.0
(1)
.3
.3
.1
1.3
.8
.1
.5

(1)
2.1
1.0
.5
.3
-.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

-.2
.5
1.8
-.2
.4
.8
1.2

.1
.8
1.0
-.1
-.1
1.1
-.4

.4
-.1
.4
(1)
.4
.2
-.1
-.4

.1
-2.0
-.8
-.5
-.3
-.3
.1
.3

1.1
.2
.6
1.3
.8
-.6
.5
.6

-.2
.1
-.2
.4
-.7
1.1
-.8
.3

-.4
.6
1.0

-.3
.8
1.3

.1
.9
.3

-.2
.5
-1.1

-.2
-.4
.5

-.2
-.2
1.6

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1

-.1
.5

1.0

-1.0
1.0
1

()
1.7

.1
.2
2.2
1.8
.1

-.2
.1
.6

-.2
.9
-.2
.1

-.9
-.3
.3
.5
.2

-1.3

-.1
.7
.9

.4

0)
A

0)

-.4
.1
.2

1.0
-.9
.5
-.1

Less than 0.05 percent.

Table 3. Benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment in metropolitan areas, March 1998
MSAs grouped by level of total nonfarm employment
Measure

Average absolute percentage
revision
Average percentage revision
Range
Standard deviation




All MSAs

Less than
100,000

100,000 to
499,999

500,000 to
999,999

Over 1 million

0.9

1.2

0.9

0.7

0.6

.05
-7.2:3.8
1.2

.1
-4.0:3.2
1.5

-.06
-7.2:3.8
1.3

-.08
-1.7:1.9
.8

.2
-.8:1.6
.7

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Category
May

Apr.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec.

Mar.

Feb.

Apr.

Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

204,731 204,899 205.085 205,270 205,479 205,699 205,919 206,104 206,270 206,719 206,873 207,036 207,236
137,232 137,369 137,498 137,407 137,481 138,081 138,116 138,193 138,547 139,347 139,271 138,816 139,091
67.1
66.9
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.2
67.4
67.3
67.0
67.0
66.9
67.0
67.0
131,280 131,330 131,253 131,176 131,264 131,818 131,858 132,113 132,526 133,396 133,144 133,033 133,069
64.1
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.4
64.2
63.9
64.5
64.3
64.0
63.9
64.1
64.1
6,263
6,258
6,080
6,021
6,127
5,783
6,022
6,217
5,950
6,245
6,231
6,039
5,952
67,499 67,530 67,587 67,863 67,998 67,618 67,803 67,911 67,723 67,372 67,602 68,220 68,145
Unemployment rates
4.3
3.5
4.1
13.5
3.7
9.0
6.7

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

4.4
3.6
3.9
14.3
3.8
8.9
6.9

4.5
3.8
4.0
14.2
3.8
9.6
7.2

4.5
3.7
4.1
14.8
4.0
8.5
7.5

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in

4.5
3.7
4.0
14.9
3.9
8.9
7.4

4.5
3.6
4.0
15.7
3.9
8.6
7.3

4.5
3.7
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.0
7.4

4.4
3.5
4.0
15.0
3.8
8.6
7.3

4.3
3.6
3.9
14.0
3.8
7.9
7.6

4.3
3.4
3.7
15.5
3.8
7.8
6.6

4.4
3.7
3.8
14.1
3.8
8.3
6.7

4.2
3.2
3.9
14.3
3.6
8.1
5.8

4.3
3.4
4.1
14.1
3.8
7.7
6.9

the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

125,234
105,470
25,339
582
5,930
18,827
99,895
6,513
6,798
22,335
7,289
37,196
19,764

125,562
105,734
25,301
579
5,917
18,805
100,261
6,534
6,815
22,423
7,311
37,350
19,828

125,751
105,938
25,304
578
5,946
18,780
100,447
6,538
6,821
22,448
7,333
37,494
19,813

125,869
106,043
25,135
571
5,970
18,594
100,734
6,550
6,827
22,547
7,370
37,614
19,826

126,191
106,269
25,253
571
5,989
18,693
100,938
6,570
6,838
22,545
7,372
37,691
19,922

126,363
106,435
25,241
568
5,981
18,692
101,122
6,579
6,862
22,592
7,393
37,768
19,928

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

320
284
63
-5
70
-2
257
9
15
76
31
90
36

328
264
-38
-3
-13
-22
366
21
17
88
22
154
64

189
204
3
-1
29
-25
186
4
6
25
22
144
-15

118
105
-169
-7
24
-186
287
12
6
99
37
120
13

322
226
118
0
19
99
204
20
11
-2
2
77
96

172
166
-12
-3
-8
-1
184
9
24
47
21
77
6

Nov.

Dec.

126,804
106,818
25,184
560
6,051
18.573
101,620
6,604
6,877
22,672
7,441
38,040
19,986

127,118
107,096
25,269
557
6,153
18,559
101,849
6,627
6,882
22.712
7,458
38,148
20.022

277
239
-25
-4
39
-60
302
9
13
83
24
135
38

34.5
41.7
4.5

Oct.

Sept.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

127,335
107,290
25,251
547
6,170
18,534
102,084
6,644
6,907
22,755
7,488
38,245
20,045

127,670
107,563
25,266
539
6,249
18,478
102,404
6,653
6,917
22,855
7,495
38,377
20,107

127,677
107,548
25,182
537
6,196
18,449
102,495
6,665
6,923
22,831
7,501
38,446
20,129

127,911
107,774
25,155
531
6,204
18,420
102,756
6,687
6,934
22,897
7,524
38,577
20,137

314
278
85
-3
102
-14
229
23
5
40
17
108
36

217
194
-18
-10
17
-25
235
17
25
43
30
97
23

335
273
15
-8
79
-56
320
9
10
100
7
132
62

7
-15
•84
-2
-53
-29
91
12
6
-24
6
69
22

234
226
-27
-6
8
-29
261
22
11
66
23
131
8

34.6
41.7
4.5

34.5
41.6
4.6

34.6
41.6
4.5

34.4
41.5
4.5

34.5
41.7
4.4

146.4
106.8

147.2
106.6

146.4
106.2

146.8
106.3

Employment

126,527
106,579
25,209
564
6,012
18,633
101,318
6,595
6,864
22,589
7,417
37,905
19,948

Over-the-month change
164
144
-32
-4
31
-59
196
16
2
-3
24
137
20
Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.5
41.4
4.5

34.7
41.8
4.6

34.6
41.8
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.6

34.4
41.6
4.5

34.6
41.7
4.5

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing

144.0
108.7

144.9
109.4

144.8
109.0

145.2
107.2

145.3
108.0

144.9
108.0

145.8
107.8

145.7
107.3

146.4
107.4

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1

$12.70
7.73
438.15

$12.73
7.74
441.73

$12.76
7.75
441.50

$12.79
7.76
442.53

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.
2




$12.85
7.78

444.61

$12.87
7.79
442.73

$12.90
7.79
446.34

N.A. = not available.
P = preliminary,

$12.94
7.80
446.43

$12.98
7.81

$13.03
7.83

$13.05
7.84

$13.08
7.85

449.11

449.54

451.53

449.95

$13.11
N.A.
452.30

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1995-99
Thousands
130,000

Thousands
130,000

127,500 -

127,500

125,000 -

- 125,000

122,500

- 122,500

120,000 -

- 120,000

117,500

117,500

115,000

115,000
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1995-99
Percent
6.0




1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in
1998, data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning
in 1999, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability with
data for prior periods.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1965 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
19781
1979.

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030

109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

19901
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971
19981

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547

96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1998:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

204,731
204,899
205,085
205,270
205,479
205,699
205,919
206,104
206,270

137,232
137,369
137,498
137,407
137,481
138,081
138,116
138,193
138,547

67.0
67.0
67.0
66.9
66.9
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.2

131,280
131,330
131,253
131,176
131,264
131,818
131,858
132,113
132,526

64.1
64.1
64.0
63.9
63.9
64.1
64.0
64.1
64.2

3,381
3,351
3,363
3,423
3,492
3,470
3,558
3,348
3,222

127,899
127,979
127,890
127,753
127,772
128,348
128,300
128,765
129,304

5,952
6,039
6,245
6,231
6,217
6,263
6,258
6,080
6,021

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3

67,499
67,530
67,587
67,863
67,998
67,618
67,803
67,911
67,723

206,719
206,873
207,036
207,236

139,347
139,271
138,816
139,091

67.4
67.3
67.0
67.1

133,396
133,144
133,033
133,069

64.5
64.4
64.3
64.2

3,299
3,328
3,281
3,384

130,097
129,817
129,752
129,685

5,950
6,127
5,783
6,022

4.3
4.4
4.2
4.3

67,372
67,602
68,220
68,145

1999:

January3 ...
February ..

March
April

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1998 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1987 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1987
1988
1989

86,899
87,857
88,762

66,207
66,927
67,840

76.2
76.2
76.4

62,107
63,273
64,315

71.5
72.0
72.5

2,543
2,493
2,513

59,564
60,780
61,802

4.101
3,655
3,525

6.2
5.5
5.2

20.692
20,930
20,923

19901
1991
1992

90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95.178
96.206
97,715
98,758

69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70.817
71.360
72,087
73,261
73,959

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2.559
2,573
2,552
2,553

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3.577
3,266

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4

21.367
22,110
22,306
22.927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799

1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1998:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.

98.503
98.591
98,691
98.785
98.892
99,006
99.121
99,217
99.309

73.723
73.792
73.866
73,989
73,754
74,202
74,189
74.345
74.437

74.8
74.8
74.8
74.9
74.6
74.9
74.8
74.9
75.0

70,695
70,603
70,592
70,629
70,503
70,841
70,925
71,182
71,204

71.8
71.6
71.5
71.5
71.3
71.6
71.6
71.7
71.7

2,595
2,508
2,541
2,589
2.631
2,644
2,734
2,578
2,414

68,100
68,095
68,051
68,040
67,872
68,197
68,191
68,604
68,790

3,028
3,189
3.274
3,360
3.251
3,361
3,264
3,163
3,233

4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3

24,780
24,799
24,825
24,796
25.138
24,804
24,932
24,872
24,872

99,198
99,279
99,362
99,465

74,599
74,504
74,234
74,234

75.2
75.0
74.7
74.6

71,459
71,276
71,352
71,225

72.0
71.8
71.8
71.6

2,456
2,424
2,406
2,534

69,003
68,851
68,946
68,691

3,140
3,228
2,881
3,010

4.2
4.3
3.9
4.1

24,599
24,776
25,128
25,230

1999:
January3 ...
February ...
March
April

Annual averages
WOMEN
1987
1988
1989

95.853
96,756
97,630

53,658
54.742
56,030

56.0
56.6
57.4

50,334
51,696
53,027

52.5
53.4
54.3

666
676
687

49,668
51,020
52.341

3,324
3,046
3,003

6.2
5.6
5.4

42,195
42,014
41,601

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981

98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102.460
103,406
104,385
105.418
106,462

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63.036
63,714

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57.523
58,501
59,873
60,771

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825

53.011
52.815
53,380
54,273
55.755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945

3.140
3,683
4.090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2.944

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6

41,957
42,468
42.394
42,711
42,221
42.462
42,528
42,382
42,748

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted?

1998:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

106,228
106,308
106.394
106,484
106.587
106,693
106,798
106,887
106,960

63.509
63.577
63,632
63.418
63,727
63.879
63,927
63,848
64.110

59.8
59.8
59.8
59.6
59.8
59.9
59.9
59.7
59.9

60,585
60,727
60,661
60,547
60,761
60,977
60,933
60,931
61.322

57.0
57.1
57.0
56.9
57.0
57.2
57.1
57.0
57.3

786
843
822
834
861
826
824
770
808

59,799
59,884
59,839
59,713
59,900
60,151
60,109
60,161
60,514

2,924
2,850
2.971
2.871
2.966
2,902
2,994
2,917
2,788

4.6
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.3

42,719
42,731
42,762
43,066
42,860
42,814
42,871
43,039
42,850

107,521
107,593
107,674
107.771

64,748
64,767
64,582
64,857

60.2
60.2
60.0
60.2

61.937

57.6
57.5
57.3
57.4

843
903
874
850

61,095
60,965
60,806
60,994

2,810
2,899
2,902
3,012

4.3
4.5
4.5
4.6

42,773
42,826
43,092
42,914

1999:
Januarys ..
February ..

March
April

61.680
61,845

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3
Beginning in January 1999, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1998 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1999" in the February 1999 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1998
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

1999
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionai population1 .. 204,731 204,899 205,085 205,270 205,479 205,699 205,919 206,104 206,270 206,719 206,873 207,036 207,236
137,232 137,369 137,498 137,407 137,481 138,081 138,116 138,193 138,547 139,347 139,271 138,816 139,091
Civilian labor force
67.1
67.1
67.1
66.9
66.9
67.4
67.2
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.3
Percent of population
131,280 131,330 131,253 131,176 131,264 131,818 131,858 132,113 132,526 133,396 133,144 133,033 133,069
Employed
64.0
64.1
64.1
63.9
63.9
64.5
64.2
64.0
64.1
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
Employment-population ratio
6,258
6,080
6,263
6,217
6,231
5,950
6,021
6,245
6,039
5,952
6,022
5,783
6,127
Unemployed
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.4
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population1 .. 98,503
73,723
Civilian labor force
74.8
Percent of population
70,695
Employed
71.8
Employment-population ratio
2,595
Agriculture
68,100
Nonagricultural industries
3,028
Unemployed
4.1
Unemployment rate
24,780
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population1 .. 90,580
69,616
Civilian labor force
76.9
Percent of population
67,173
Employed
74.2
Employment-population ratio
2,423
Agriculture
64,750
Nonagricultural industries
2,443
Unemployed
3.5
Unemployment rate
20,964
Not in labor force

98,591
73,792
74.8
70,603
71.6
2,508
68,095
3,189
4.3
24,799
90,622
69,608
76.8
67,084
74.0
2,331
64,753
2,524
3.6
21,014

70,592
71.5
2,541
68,051
3,274
4.4
24,825

98,785
73,989
74.9
70,629
71.5
2,589
68,040
3,360
4.5
24,796

98,892
73,754
74.6
70,503

90,700
69,590
76.7
66,994
73.9
2,337
64,657
2,596
3.7
21,110

90,802
69,738
76.8
67,056
73.8
2,382
64,674
2,682
3.8
21,064

90,889
69,518
76.5
66,940
73.7
2,420
64,520

98,691
73,866
74.8

71.3

2,631
67,872
3,251
4.4
25,138

2,578
3.7

21,371

99,006
74,202
74.9
70,841
71.6
2,644
68,197

99,121
74,189
74.8

99,217
74,345
74.9
71,182

3,361
4.5
24,804

70,925
71.6
2,734
68,191
3,264
4.4
24,932

91,003
69,869
76.8
67,262
73.9
2,402
64,860
2,607
3.7
21,134

91,101
69,913
76.7
67,362
73.9
2,449
64,913
2,551
3.6
21,188

91,192
70,023
76.8
67,573
74.1
2,374
65,199
2,450
3.5
21,169

71.7
2,578
68,604
3,163
4.3
24,872

99,309
74,437
75.0
71,204
71.7
2,414
68,790
3,233
4.3
24,872

99,198
74,599
75.2

91,220
70,069
76.8
67,553
74.1
2,237
65,316

91,124
70,295
77.1
67,884
74.5
2,312
65,572
2,411
3.4
20,829

2,516

3.6
21,151

71,459
72.0
2,456

69,003
3,140
4.2

24,599

99,279
74,504
75.0
71,276
71.8
2,424
68,851
3,228
4.3
24,776
91,189
70,174
77.0
67,577
74.1
2,212
65,365

2,598
3.7
21,014

99,362
74,234
74.7
71,352

99,465
74,234
74.6

71.8
2,406

71.6
2,534
68,691

68,946
2,881
3.9
25,128
91,215

69,951
76.7
67,713
74.2
2,222

65,492
2,238
3.2
21,263

71,225

3,010
4.1
25,230

91,302
69,991
76.7
67,608
74.0
2,353
65,255
2,383
3.4
21,312

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population1 .. 106,228 106,308 106,394 106,484 106,587 106,693 106,798 106,887 106,960 107,521 107,593 107,674 107,771
63,509 63,577 63,632 63,418 63,727 63,879 63,927 63,848 64,110 64,748 64,767 64,582 64,857
Civilian labor force
60.2
59.7
59.9
60.2
60.0
60.2
59.9
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.8
59.8
59.8
Percent of population
60,585 60,727 60,661 60,547 60,761 60,977 60,933 60,931 61,322 61,937 61,869 61,680 61,845
Employed
57.1
57.6
57.0
57.2
57.4
57.5
57.3
57.3
57.1
57.0
57.0
56.9
57.0
Employment-population ratio
824
770
874
843
826
850
903
808
861
843
834
822
786
Agriculture
59,799 59,884 59,839 59,713 59,900 60,151 60,109 60,161 60,514 61,095 60,965 60,806 60,994
Nonagricultural industries
2,917
2,994
3,012
2,902
2,899
2,810
2,788
2,902
2,924
2,966
2,850
2,871
2,971
Unemployed
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.7
Unemployment rate
42,871
42,914
43,092
42,773
43,039
42,814
42,826
42,850
42,860
42,731
42,719
42,762 43,066
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population1 .. 98,583
59,539
Civilian labor force
60.4
Percent of population
57,117
Employed
57.9
Employment-population ratio
726
Agriculture
56,391
Nonagricultural industries
2,422
Unemployed
4.1
Unemployment rate
39,044
Not in labor force

98,668
59,583
60.4
57,235
58.0
767
56,468
2,348
3.9
39,085

98,735
59,613
60.4
57,190
57.9
763
56,427
2,423
4.1
39,122

98,778
59,465
60.2
57,078
57.8
781
56,297
2,387
4.0
39,313

98,901
59,708
60.4
57,295
57.9
806
56,489

15,609
8,178
52.4
7,011
44.9
253
6,758
1,167
14.3
7,431

15,651
8,295
53.0
7,069
45.2
263
6,806
1,226

15,690
8,204
52.3
7,042
44.9
260
6,782
1,162
14.2
7,486

15,689
8,255
52.6
7,029
44.8
266
6,763
1,226
14.9
7,434

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutionai population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,569
8,077
51.9
6,990
44.9
232
6,758
1,087

13.5
7,492

14.8
7,356

2,413
4.0

39,193

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal




98,994
59,804
60.4
57,426
58.0
767
56,659
2,378
4.0
39,190

99,037
59,826
60.4
57,437
58.0
771
56,666
2,389
4.0
39,211

99,135
59,896
60.4
57,503
58.0
734
56,769
2,393
4.0
39,239

99,181
60,078
60.6
57,745
58.2
753
56,992
2,333
3.9
39,103

15,702
8,408

15,781
8,377
53.1
7,059
44.7

15,868
8,400

338
6,721
1,318

15,777
8,274
52.4
7,037
44.6
240
6,797
1,237

15.7
7,404

15.0
7,503

53.5
7,130
45.4

301
6,829
1,278
15.2
7,294

52.9
7,228
45.5
232
6,996
1,172
14.0
7,468

99,686
60,718
60.9
58,466
58.7
808

57,659
2,251
3.7
38,968
15,909
8,334
52.4
7,046
44.3
179
6,867
1,288
15.5
7,575

99,746
60,622
60.8
58,291
58.4
839
57,452
2,330
3.8
39,124

99,833
60,533
60.6

99,923
60.788
60.8

58,183
58.3
834

58,320
58.4
801

57,349
2,350
3.9
39,300

57,519
2,468

15,939
8,475
53.2
7,276
45.7
277
6,999
1,199
14.1
7,464

15,988
8,331
52.1
7,136
44.6
224
6,912
1,195
14.3
7,657

16,011
8,312
51.9
7,141
44.6
230

4.1

39,135

6,911
1.171

14.1
7,698

adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1998
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

1999
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

171,141 171,257 171,387 171,513 171,655 171,804 171,956 172,084 172,197 172,394 172,491 172,597 172,730
115,121 115,312 115,208 115,071 115,385 115,751 115,714 115,687 115,996 116,529 116,610 116,284 116,370
67.4
67.4
67.2
67.3
67.2
67.2
67.6
67.6
67.1
67.3
67.4
67.4
67.3
110,858 110,959 110,638 110,676 110,848 111,221 111,162 111,304 111,560 112,135 112,189 112,144 111,917
64.8
64.7
64.7
64.6
64.6
64.6
64.5
64.8
64.8
65.0
65.0
65.0
64.8
4,436
4,530
4,383
4,552
4,537
4,570
4,395
4,353
4,454
4,420
4,394
4,140
4,263
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.7

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,324
77.2
57,538
74.9
1,786
3.0

59,338
77.2
57,452
74.7
1,886
3.2

59,298
77.1
57,348
74.6
1,950
3.3

59,406
77.2
57,447
74.6
1,959
3.3

59,384
77.1
57,450
74.6
1,934
3.3

59,587
77.3
57,615
74.7
1,972
3.3

59,579
77.2
57,646
74.7
1,933
3.2

59,634
77.2
57,806
74.8
1,828
3.1

59,712
77.2
57,813
74.8
1,899
3.2

59,751
77.5
57,920
75.1
1,831
3.1

59,799
77.5
57,830
75.0
1,969
3.3

59,698
77.3
58,010
75.1
1,688
2.8

59,664
77.2
57,874
74.9
1,790
3.0

48,972
59.8
47,304
57.7
1,668
3.4

49,048
59.8
47,423
57.8
1,625
3.3

48,930
59.6
47,244
57.6
1,686
3.4

48,770
59.4
47,129
57.4
1,641
3.4

49,025
59.7
47,321
57.6
1,704
3.5

49,108
59.8
47,456
57.7
1,652
3.4

49,062
59.7
47,401
57.6
1,661
3.4

49,065
59.6
47,415
57.6
1,650
3.4

49,230
59.8
47,585
57.8
1,645
3.3

49,759
60.2
48,110
58.2
1,650
3.3

49,721
60.1
48,109
58.2
1,612
3.2

49,602
59.9
47,983
58.0
1,620
3.3

49,672
60.0
47,862
57.8
1,811
3.6

6,825
55.2
6,016
48.6
809
11.9
12.9
10.7

6,926
55.8
6,084
49.0
842
12.2
14.0
10.1

6,980
56.1
6,046
48.6
934
13.4
14.4
12.3

6,895
55.3
6,100
48.9
795
11.5
13.2
9.7

6,976
55.8
6,077
48.6
899
12.9
14.2
11.5

7,056
56.4
6,150
49.1
906
12.8
14.7
10.8

7,073
56.4
6,115
48.8
958
13.5
14.1
13.0

6,988
55.7
6,083
48.5
905
13.0
14.1
11.6

7,054
56.1
6,162
49.0
892
12.6
14.5
10.6

7,019
55.6
6,105
48.4
913
13.0
14.1
11.9

7,090
56.1
6,250
49.5
840
11.8
12.2
11.4

6,984
55.2
6,151
48.6
833
11.9
12.7
11.1

7,034
55.5
6,181
48.8
853
12.1
12.6
11.6

24,289
15,901
65.5
14,477
59.6
1,424
9.0

24,317
15,760
64.8
14,351
59.0
1,409
8.9

24,349
16,025
65.8
14,662
60.2
1,363
8.5

24,381
16,045
65.8
14,511
59.5
1,534
9.6

24,418
15,937
65.3
14,517
59.5
1,420
8.9

24,458
16,027
65.5
14,584
59.6
1,443
9.0

24,496
16,163
66.0
14,776
60.3
1,387
8.6

24,529
16,201
66.0
14,804
60.4
1,397
8.6

24,561
16,157
65.8
14,884
60.6
1,273
7.9

24,665
16,356
66.3
15,085
61.2
1,271
7.8

24,697
16,242
65.8
14,900
60.3
1,342
8.3

24,729
16,212
65.6
14,904
60.3
1,308
8.1

24,765
16,286
65.8
15,029
60.7
1,257
7.7

7,077
73.0
6,548
67.6
529
7.5

7,005
72.2
6,523
67.2
482
6.9

7,080
72.9
6,574
67.7
506
7.1

7,111
73.1
6,491
66.7
620
8.7

7,021
72.1
6,487
66.6
534
7.6

6,999
71.7
6,499
66.6
500
7.1

7,144
73.1
6,653
68.0
491
6.9

7,086
72.4
6,590
67.3
496
7.0

7,063
72.0
6,588
67.2
475
6.7

7,210
73.3
6,782
68.9
428
5.9

7,160
72.7
6,682
67.8
477
6.7

7,065
71.6
6,656
67.4
409
5.8

7,118
72.0
6,681
67.6
437
6.1

7,830
64.4
7,192
59.1
638
8.1

7,792
64.0
7,146
58.7
646
8.3

7,870
64.6
7,255
59.5
615
7.8

7,916
64.9
7,294
59.8
622
7.9

7,903
64.7
7,302
59.7
601
7.6

7,948
64.9
7,320
59.8
628
7.9

7,992
65.2
7,391
60.3
601
7.5

8,051
65.6
7,443
60.6
608
7.6

8,035
65.4
7,474
60.8
561
7.0

8,114
65.7
7,579
61.3
535
6.6

8,082
65.3
7,509
60.7
573
7.1

8,129
65.6
7,545
60.9
584
7.2

8,241
66.4
7,681
61.9
560
6.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1998
Apr.

May

1999

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

994
40.8
737
30.3
257
25.9
26.0
25.7

963
39.5
682
27.9
281
29.2
31.2
27.4

1,075
44.0
833
34.1
242
22.5
22.4
22.6

1,018
41.5
726
29.6
292
28.7
30.2
27.0

1,013
41.3
728
29.7
285
28.1
29.7
26.8

1,080
44.0
765
31.1
315
29.2
32.7
25.7

1,027
41.8
732
29.8
295
28.7
34.7
23.5

1,064
43.3
771
31.4
293
27.5
33.0
22.1

1,059
43.0
822
33.4
237
22.4
27.3
17.6

1,032
41.8
725
29.3
307
29.8
34.2
25.0

1,000
40.5
708
28.6
293
29.2
31.6
27.0

1,018
41.2
702
28.4
316
31.0
32.9
29.1

927
37.5
667
26.9
260
28.1
33.0
23.5

20,915
14,289
68.3
13,332
63.7
957
6.7

20,975
14,378
68.5
13,387
63.8
991
6.9

21,036
14,375
68.3
13,301
63.2
1,074
7.5

21,097
14,267
67.6
13,245
62.8
1,022
7.2

21,159
14,316
67.7
13,257
62.7
1,059
7.4

21,224
14,457
68.1
13,394
63.1
1,063
7.4

21,286
14,437
67.8
13,382
62.9
1,055
7.3

21,349
14,389
67.4
13,345
62.5
1,044
7.3

21,405
14,488
67.7
13,383
62.5
1,105
7.6

21,296
14,511
68.1
13,550
63.6
960
6.6

21,355
14,591
68.3
13,610
63.7
980
6.7

21,414
14,570
68.0
13,732
64.1
838
5.8

21,483
14,543
67.7
13,541
63.0
1,002
6.9

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Educational attainment
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,

29,638 29,931 30,064 29,027 29,204 29,290 28,713 29,084 29,094 28,901 28,112 28,442 27,991
12,624 12,630 12,784 12,561 12,496 12,563 12,408 12,463 12,500 12,379 12,164 12,094 11,753
43.2
42.9
42.9
43.3
42.8
42.5
43.0
42.2
42.6
42.5
43.3
42.8
42.0
11,729 11,762 11,873 11,665 11,612 11,692 11,556 11,574 11,626 11,459 11,257 11,356 10,972
40.2
39.9
39.8
40.2
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.7
40.0
39.3
39.9
40.0
39.2
871
852
889
896
884
911
895
920
874
868
739
907
781
6.9
6.9
7.1
7.4
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.1
7.5
6.6

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,484 57,706 57,446 57,374 57,729 57,589 57,666 57,273 57,115 57,477 57,062 57,805 57,945
37,412 37,488 37,171 37,290 37,367 37,289 37,540 37,408 37,296 37,590 37,261 37,740 37,577
65.1
64.7
64.7
65.3
64.8
65.0
65.0
65.1
65.3
65.3
65.3
65.4
64.8
35,935 36,071 35,681 35,779 35,883 35,783 36,056 35,947 35,873 36,291 35,979 36,448 36,253
62.5
62.1
62.2
62.1
62.5
62.8
62.8
62.4
62.5
63.1
63.1
63.1
62.6
1,484
1,506
1,484
1,490
1,417
1,282
1,461
1,511
1,477
1,292
1,423
1,324
1,299
3.4
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.5
3.5

Less than a bachelor's degree 3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,303 42,024 41,880 42,293 41,842 41,769 42,573 42,863 43,022 43,154 43,911 43,028 43,059
31,435 31,411 31,283 31,220 31,117 31,271 31,349 31,727 31,800 32,399 32,465 31,892 32,160
74.4
74.7
74.0
73.6
74.9
73.8
74.7
74.3
73.9
74.1
73.9
75.1
74.7
30,572 30,447 30,371 30,274 30,231 30,343 30,423 30,825 30,911 31,470 31,462 30,989 31,202
71.5
71.6
72.5
71.9
72.6
72.3
72.5
72.3
71.6
71.8
72.0
72.9
72.5
926
946
912
902
928
886
964
863
889
903
929 1,003
958
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

42,197 42,090 42,464 43,309 43,431 43,669 43,520 43,408 43,484 43,516 43,949 43,859 44,289
34,039 34,028 34,281 34,637 34,739 34,914 34,779 34,554 34,838 34,950 35,040 34,997 35,493
80.7
80.7
79.9
80.0
80.0
80.8
79.6
80.0
79.7
80.1
80.3
80.1
79.8
33,456 33,451 33,681 34,051 34,129 34,335 34,108 33,922 34,205 34,325 34,368 34,345 34,742
78.4
78.6
78.1
78.6
78.6
79.3
79.5
79.3
78.2
78.9
78.4
78.3
78.7
671
579
586
610
600
577
632
583
673
624
752
652
633
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1998
Apr.

May

June

July

1999

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

107,992 108,048 107,748 107,856 108,150 108,512 108,561 109,016 109,483 110,307 109,985 110,104 109,668
63,045 63,055 63,108 63,138 63,202 63,216 63,417 63,726 63,829 64,138 63,857 64,047 63,650
61,750 61,721 61,721 61,729 61,808 61,911 62,039 62,312 62,375 62,795 62,493 62,660 62,326
44,910 44,943 44,656 44,845 45,097 45,344 45,154 45,289 45,604 46,042 46,013 45,957 45,955
43,944 43,967 43,756 43,819 44,019 44,265 44,231 44,387 44,675 45,148 45,169 45,105 45,052
2,317
2,360
2,271
2,308
2,336
2,364
2,298
2,323
2,291
2,339
2,433
2,324
2,290
23,207
7,594
5,362
15,637
13,160

4,651

23,281
7,490
5,295
15,797
13,197
4,789

23,249
7,554
5,332

15,638
13,230
4,564

23,284
7,644
5,364
15,682
13,154
4,766

4,915
2,768
2,399
2,221
1,936
580

4,943
2,823
2,461
2,077
1,918
564

4,919
2,739
2,364
2,209
1,959
596

4,916
2,788
2,383
2,159
1,924
609

1,288
564
193
753
482
613

1,283
551
221
749
482
580

1,298
539
205
744
459
634

1,298
571
213
708
424
661

23,460
7,485
5,256
16,027
13,446
4,758

23,231

4,685

23,239
7,468
5,294
15,769
13,245
4,700

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,763
2,538
2,219
2,249
1,991
553

4,877
2,690
2,337
2,176
1,933
607

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over

1,192
526
224
705
436
532

1,194
523
196
698
417
581

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7,496
5,322
15,732
13,258

22,975
7,332
5,181

23,198
7,236
5,070

13,125
4,792

23,258
7,490
5,272
15,770
13,134
4,852

4,871
2,698
2,324
2,215
1,944
603

4,736
2,611
2,235
2,179
1,918
583

4,781
2,675
2,319
2,131
1,891
571

1,362
594
223
748
442
697

1,340
577
219
757
464
657

15,690

23,157
7,376
5,058
15,780
4,967

23,160
7,365
5,145
15,776
13,160
4,854

23,351
7,500
5,219
15,880
13,295
4,836

4,708
2,529
2,235
2,063
1,802
671

4,929
2,691
2,384
2,167
1,933
612

4,617
2,283
2,058
2,230
1,973
585

4,805
2,498
2,196
2,325
2,063
546

1,263
581
209
663
412
642

1,272
489
180
752
447
645

1,196
472
208
735
429
560

1,191
485
178
698
397
615

1,214
552
186
710
408
621

15,862
13,348
4,780

13,131

UNEMPLOYED

Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.2
3.9
3.5
4.8
4.3
19.4

4.3
4.1
3.6
4.6
4.2
20.5

4.4
4.2
3.7
4.7
4.2
20.3

4.4
4.3
3.8
4.4
4.2
19.6

4.4
4.2
3.7
4.7
4.3
20.4

4.3
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.2
20.7

4.3
4.1
3.6
4.7
4.2
20.8

4.2
3.9
3.5
4.6
4.1
20.1

4.2
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.1
19.0

4.1
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
22.1

4.3
4.0
3.7
4.5
4.1
20.8

4.0
3.4
3.2
4.6
4.2
20.0

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.4
19.3

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.9
6.5
4.0
4.3
3.2
10.2

4.9
6.5
3.6
4.2
3.1
11.0

5.2
7.0
3.5
4.5
3.5
11.4

5.2
6.8
4.0
4.5
3.5
11.1

5.3
6.8
3.8
4.5
3.4
12.2

5.3
7.0
3.8
4.3
3.1
12.2

5.5
7.3
4.0
4.5
3.2
12.7

5.4
7.1
3.9
4.6
3.4
12.1

5.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
3.0
11.7

5.2
6.3
3.4
4.5
3.2
11.9

4.9
6.0
3.9
4.5
3.2
10.1

4.9
6.2
3.4
4.2
2.9
11.2

4.9
6.9
3.4
4.3
3.0
11.4

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

1998
Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

131,280 131,330 131,253 131,176 131,264 131,818 131,858 132,113 132,526 133,396 133,144 133,033 133,069
42,860 42,560 42,648 42,850 42,874 43,170 43,090 43,209 43,227 43,542 43,016 43,114 43,190
33,037 32,953 33,093 33,652 33,092 33,134 33,285
32,919 32,815 32,820 32,719 32,670 32,891
7,984
7,854
8,087
7,875
7,969
7,940
7,928
7,909
7,829
8,076
8,113
8,050
8,148

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

38,617

38,681

38,786

39,020

38,942

39,553

39,679

39,459

39,729

39,836

39,531

39,900

40,504

38,568
17,527
14,566
18,374
3,494

38,493
17,776
14,766
18,284
3,487

38,573
17,856
14,466
18,152
3,513

38,513
17,683
14,334
18,157
3,519

38,843
17,770
14,158
17,968
3,590

38,478
17,926
14,045
18,118
3,585

38,431
17,692
14,192
18,168
3,604

38,430
18,024
14,552
18,067
3,538

38,307
17,976
14,685
18,480
3,396

38,846
18,070
14,751
18,476
3,422

39,254
18,163
14,742
18,021
3,490

38,893
18,074
14,661
18,177
3,417

38,866
17,868
14,518
17,656
3,539

1,990
1,345
33

1,920
1,391
50

1,857
1,445
44

2,010
1,374
32

2,111
1,342
31

2,145
1,290
40

2,247
1,282
33

2,005
1,304
40

1,912
1,304
34

1,987
1,298
30

1,895
1,381
44

1,893
1,376
39

1,908
1,439
31

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

118,705 118,852 118,733 118,647 118,840 119,148 119,275 119,718 120,380 121,115 121,066 121,005 120,785
100,474 100,690 100,266 100,273 100,508 100,700 100,728 101,111 101,694 102,202 102,283 102,306 102,076
871
969
962
943
992
918
946
966
881
996
849
917
941
99,478 99,698 99,304 99,307 99,637 99,782 99,782 100,142 100,751 101,321 101,434 101,389 101,135
18,607
18,467 18,374 18,332 18,448 18,547
18,686 18,913 18,782 18,699 18,709
18,162
18,231
8,929
8,971
8,814
9,060
9,012
8,830
8,658
8,650
8,813
9,096
9,030
8,955
9,064
112
97
122
91
95
121
114
125
63
88
95
88
119

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,755
2,095
1,308
18,296

3,754
2,119
1,317
18,544

3,792
2,183
1,248
18,619

3,757
2,299
1,213
18,589

3,503
2,019
1,188
18,653

3,419
1,913
1,168
18,687

3,404
2,031
1,136
18,667

3,340
1,910
1,157
18,634

3,417
1,927
1,148
18,674

3,562
2,093
1,115
18,485

3,426
1,984
1,141
18,642

3,564
2,045
1,208
18,545

3,408
1,920
1,124
18,882

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,606
2,010
1,282
17,653

3,608
2,033
1,286
17,956

3,618
2,102
1,210
17,992

3,606
2,193
1,182
17,982

3,339
1,926
1,155
18,031

3,191
1,800
1,132
18,161

3,253
1,927
1,110
18,107

3,191
1,824
1,130
18,110

3,257
1,841
1,116
18,155

3,413
1,989
1,094
17,921

3,298
1,906
1,108
18,061

3,374
1,955
1,159
17,944

3,224
1,831
1,092
18,320

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

1998
Age and sex
Apr.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

131,280 131,330 131,253 131,176 131,264 131,818 131,858 132,113 132,526 133,396 133,144 133,033 133,069

19,615 19,568 19,569 19,471 19,490 19,676 19,757 19,705 19,859 19,891 20,081 20,063 19,940
7,059
7,228
7,037
7,130
7,029
7,042
7,069
7,136
7,276
7,046
7,011
7,141
6,990
2,808
2,709
2,721
2,788
2,730
2,752
2,710
2,786
2,841
2,751
2,746
2,818
2,797
4,419
4,340
4,339
4,286
4,302
4,392
4,361
4,413
4,313
4,332
4,264
4,319
4,189
12,625 12,557 12,500 12,429 12,461 12,546 12,698 12,668 12,631 12,846 12,804 12,926 12,799
111,669 111,810 111,681 111,679 111,820 112,115 112,126 112,409 112,654 113,557 113,068 112,985 113,124
95,168 95,181 95,134 95,102 95,212 95,364 95,309 95,623 95,822 96,713 96,146 95,968 95,967
16,647 16,607 16,783 16,771
16,871
16,781
16,503
16,836 16,972 17,053 17,136
16,553
16,478
70,695

70,603

70,592

70,629

70,503

70,841

70,925

71,182

71,204

71,459

71,276

71,352

71,225

10,213
3,522
1,428

10,138

10,203
3,598

10,118
3,573

10,206

10,246

10,332

3,609

10,320
3,574

10,425

3,563

1,380
2,218
6,723

51,167

1,393
2,172
6,627
60,617
51,232

9,327

9,238

9,386

51,299
9,340

10,158
3,617
1,398
2,223
6,541
61,026
51,446

9,124

6,619
60,502
51,273
9,207

2,180
6,545
60,508
51,205

1,348
2,213

6,691
60,467

1,381
2,247
6,605
60,380
51,182
9,162

3,699
1,453
2,238

3,639

2,131

10,347
3,651
1,405
2,243

10,435

3,579

2,101

10,141
3,563
1,377
2,177
6,578
60,444

60,585

60,727

60,661

60,547

60,761

60,977

9,402
3,468

9,430
3,492
1,362
2,133
5,938
51,308
43,908
7,346

9,366

9,353

3,471
1,329

3,469
1,356

9,349
3,466

2,145
5,895

2,122
5,884
51,171
43,897
7,320

51,311

1,369
2,088

5,934
51,202
43,857
7,354

3,519
1,384

51,301

43,952
7,341

1,396

1,353
2,109
5,883
51,376
44,045

7,369

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




Sept.

6,683
60,680

60,840
51,606

6,736
60,843
51,430

1,404
2,242
6,786
60,905
51,435

9,362

9,465

9,495

9,536

61,869

61,680

61,845

9,646
3,578
1,388

9,637
3,497

9,782
3,524

1,382
2,119
6,140
52,080
44,534
7,558

1,420
2,096
6,258

9,311

51,502
9,374

60,933

60,931

61,322

61,937

9,470

9,511

3,496

9,512
3,577

9,572

3,551
1,395
2,167

9,373
3,428
1,329
2,122

1,403
2,176

5,919
51,498
44,132
7,397

1,373
2,119
6,015
51,446

44,010
7,431

5,945
51,569
44,017
7,470

used in the household survey.

16

6,696
60,843

1,427
2,170
6,745
61,148
51,811

5,935
51,811
44,320

7,497

3,471
1,324

2,142
6,101
52,410

44,902
7,474

2,175
6,068
52,226
44,715
7,508

52,099
44,521
7,600

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1998

1999

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

5,952

6,039

6,245

6,231

6,217

6,263

6,258

6,080

6,021

5,950

6,127

5,783

6,022

2,122
1,087
521
576
1,035
3,815
3,365
434

2,215
1,167
535
640
1,048
3,845
3,385
423

2,329
1,226
593
634
1,103
3,901
3,455
432

2,267
1,162
513
646
1,105
3,930
3,437
483

2,366
1,226
565
669
1,140
3,865
3,419
449

2,400
1,278
596
679
1,122
3,894
3,416
464

2,320
1,318
607
704
1,002
3,931
3,475

2,171
1,237
595
646
934
3,879
3,377
516

2,153
1,172
573
611
981
3,864
3,340
517

2,240
1,288
619
653
952
3,743
3,257
509

2,274
1,199
520
666
1,075
3,835
3,359
501

2,223
1,195
554
640
1,028
3,573
3,087
504

2,217
1,171
572
608
1,046
3,792
3,271
513

3,028

3,189

3,274

3,360

3,251

3,361

3,264

3,163

3,233

3,140

3,228

2,881

3,010

1,135
585
269
329
550
1,898
1,640
250

1,263
665
309
361
598
1,949
1,677
238

1,276
678
356
332
598
1,991
1,748
238

1,289
678
307
365
611
2,068
1,777
288

1,286
673
320
360
613
1,983
1,739
247

1,374
754
352
386
620
1,994
1,711
286

1,255
713
357
351
542
2,006
1,739
276

1,190
713
344
373
477
1,952
1,652
296

1,247
717
349
364
530
1,987
1,688
300

1,241
729
349
375
512
1,900
1,646
273

1,179
630
262
368
548
2,036
1,750
295

1,151
643
286
354
508
1,721
1,481
252

1,192
627
332
310
565
1,827
1,562
258

2,924

2,850

2,971

2,871

2,966

2,902

2,994

2,917

2,788

2,810

2,899

2,902

3,012

987
502
252
247
485
1,917
1,725
184

952
502
226
279
450
1,896
1,708
185

1,053
548
237
302
505
1,910
1,707
194

978
484
206
281
494
1,862
1,660
195

1,080
553
245
309
527
1,882
1,680
202

1,026
524
244
293
502
1,900
1,705
178

1,065
605
250
353
460
1,925
1,736
190

981
524
251
273
457
1,927
1,725
220

906
455
224
247
451
1,877
1,652
217

999
559
270
278
440
1,842
1,611
236

1,095
568
259
298
527
1,799
1,609
206

1,071
551
267
286
520
1,852
1,606
251

1,025
544
240
298
481
1,965
1,709
256

N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998

1999

Age and sex
Apr.

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.3

9.8
13.5
15.7
12.1
7.6
3.3
3.4
2.6

10.2
14.3
16.3
13.1
7.7
3.3
3.4
2.5

10.6
14.8
18.0
12.6
8.1
3.4
3.5
2.6

10.4
14.2
15.7
13.1
8.2
3.4
3.5
2.8

10.8
14.9
17.1
13.5
8.4
3.3
3.5
2.6

10.9
15.2
17.6
13.5
8.2
3.4
3.5
2.7

10.5
15.7
18.2
14.0
7.3
3.4
3.5
2.7

9.9
15.0
18.0
13.0
6.9
3.3
3.4
3.0

9.8
14.0
16.9
12.1
7.2
3.3
3.4
3.0

10.1
15.5
18.4
13.1
6.9
3.2
3.3
2.9

10.2
14.1
15.5
13.1
7.7
3.3
3.4
2.9

10.0
14.3
16.6
12.8
7.4
3.1
3.1
2.9

10.0
14.1
16.9
12.3
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9

4.1

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.3

3.9

4.1

10.0
14.2
15.9
13.5
7.6
3.0
3.1
2.7

11.1
15.9
18.3
14.5
8.3
3.1
3.2
2.5

11.1
15.9
20.5
12.9
8.3
3.2
3.3
2.5

11.3
15.9
18.0
14.3
8.5
3.3
3.4
3.0

11.3
15.9
18.9
14.2
8.5
3.2
3.3
2.6

11.9
17.4
20.2
15.1
8.6
3.2
3.2
3.0

10.9
16.7
20.9
13.7
7.5
3.2
3.3
2.9

10.3
16.5
20.0
14.4
6.6
3.1
3.1
3.1

10.8
16.4
19.9
14.0
7.3
3.2
3.2
3.1

10.7
16.9
19.7
14.7
7.1
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.1
14.6
15.3
14.1
7.5
3.2
3.3
3.0

9.9
15.0
16.9
13.6
7.0
2.7
2.8
2.6

10.5
14.8
19.2
12.2
8.0
2.9
2.9
2.6

4.6

4.5

4.7

4.5

4.7

4.5

4.7

4.6

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.5

4.6

9.5
12.6
15.5
10.6
7.6
3.6
3.8
2.4

9.2
12.6
14.2
11.6
7.0
3.6
3.7
2.5

10.1
13.6
15.1
12.3
7.9
3.6
3.7
2.6

9.5
12.2
13.2
11.7
7.7
3.5
3.6
2.6

10.4
13.8
15.3
12.8
8.2
3.5
3.7
2.7

9.8
12.9
14.9
11.9
7.8
3.6
3.7
2.3

10.1
14.8
15.4
14.3
7.1
3.6
3.8
2.5

9.5
13.3
15.9
11.4
7.1
3.6
3.8
2.9

8.7
11.3
13.8
10.2
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8

9.5
13.9
16.9
11.5
6.7
3.4
3.5
3.1

10.2
13.7
15.7
12.1
8.0
3.3
3.5
2.7

10.0
13.6
16.2
11.9
7.8
3.4
3.5
3.2

9.5
13.4
14.5
12.5
7.1
3.6
3.7
3.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




Sept.

used in the household survey.

18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998

1999

Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

4.3
3.5
4.1

4.5
3.7
4.1
14.8

4.5
3.8
4.0
14.2

4.5
3.7
4.0
14.9

4.5
3.7
4.0
15.2

4.5
3.6
4.0
15.7

4.4
3.5
4.0
15.0

4.3
3.6
3.9

4.4
3.7
3.8
14.1

4.3
3.4
4.1

14.0

4.3
3.4
3.7
15.5

4.2
3.2
3.9

13.5

4.4
3.6
3.9
14.3

14.3

14.1

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.7
7.6
9.0
6.7

3.8
7.7
8.9
6.9

4.0
7.6
8.5
7.5

3.8
8.1
9.6
7.2

3.9
7.6
8.9
7.4

3.9
7.9
9.0
7.4

3.9
7.6
8.6
7.3

3.8
7.5
8.6
7.3

3.8
7.0
7.9
7.6

3.8
6.9
7.8
6.6

3.8
7.4
8.3
6.7

3.6
7.2
8.1
5.8

3.8
6.9
7.7
6.9

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.3
2.8
7.5

2.4
2.8
7.5

2.2
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.8
6.9

2.3
3.1
6.8

2.3
2.7
7.6

2.3
2.8
6.9

2.2
2.9
6.9

2.3
2.8
6.3

2.3
2.8
6.1

2.4
2.8
6.5

2.1
2.7
6.7

2.3
2.9
7.2

1.9
3.7
3.8
6.4
6.1

1.7
3.9
4.4
6.6
6.5

1.7
3.9
4.3
6.9
6.4

1.7
3.8
4.3
6.9
6.6

1.9
3.7
4.5
6.6
5.9

1.8
3.9
4.3
7.0
7.0

1.9
3.9
4.0
6.8
5.4

1.8
3.7
3.8
6.7
6.3

1.8
3.7
3.2
6.7
7.5

1.8
3.8
3.5
5.9
7.7

1.9
3.9
4.4
6.0
7.8

1.9
3.8
3.6
5.9
6.9

1.9
3.9
3.8
6.5
7.3

4.4
4.5
2.9
6.6
3.9
3.4
4.5
4.4
3.2
5.4
2.3
4.3
2.0
8.0

4.5
4.6
1.6
8.0
3.6
3.0
4.6
4.5
3.1
5.3
2.1
4.7
2.4
8.0

4.6
4.7
4.0
7.9
3.6
3.0
4.6
4.6
3.5
5.6
2.2
4.6
2.2
8.4

4.6
4.8
3.9
6.8
4.3
4.1
4.6
4.6
3.4
5.6
2.1
4.6
2.4
8.2

4.7
4.8
3.6
7.4
3.9
3.5
4.5
4.7
3.5
5.6
2.7
4.7
2.2
7.4

4.8
5.1
3.0
8.6
4.0
3.7
4.6
4.6
3.5
5.7
2.4
4.5
2.2
7.9

4.6
4.6
2.4
6.7
3.9
3.2
5.1
4.7
3.5
5.6
2.5
4.7
2.2
6.7

4.5
4.6
2.2
7.0
3.8
3.2
4.8
4.5
3.2
5.2
2.8
4.6
2.1
7.6

4.4
4.6
4.3
6.4
4.0
3.4
4.9
4.4
3.2
5.5
2.8
4.1
2.0
8.3

4.3
4.6
7.4
7.3
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.2
2.5
5.2
2.4
4.1
2.2
9.6

4.3
4.7
7.7
7.5
3.7
3.3
4.3
4.2
3.2
5.2
2.4
4.0
2.3
11.3

4.2
4.3
5.3
6.7
3.4
2.9
4.1
4.2
2.9
5.4
1.9
4.2
2.1
9.5

4.4
4.5
9.3
7.4
3.3
3.1
3.7
4.3
2.8
5.4
3.2
4.1
2.5
9.7

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Reason
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,706
723
1,983
641
2,115
518

2,822
816
2,006
749
2,081
505

2,832
851
1,981
754
2,112
517

2,865
931
1,934
770
2,072
474

2,834
937
1,897
734
2,124
507

2,865
909
1,956
727
2,161
501

2,813
857
1,956
730
2,142
577

2,758
850
1,908
677
2,130
534

2,754
841
1,913
709
2,031
504

2,696
864
1,832
699
1,993
537

2,738
849
1,889
751
2,110
509

2,563
812
1,751
780
1,988
431

2,700
838
1,862
841
2,044
469

45.3
12.1
33.2
10.7
35.4
8.7

45.8
13.3
32.6
12.2
33.8
8.2

45.6
13.7
31.9
12.1
34.0
8.3

46.4
15.1
31.3
12.5
33.5
7.7

45.7
15.1
30.6
11.8
34.3
8.2

45.8
14.5
31.3
11.6
34.6
8.0

44.9
13.7
31.2
11.7
34.2
9.2

45.2
13.9
31.3
11.1
34.9
8.8

45.9
14.0
31.9
11.8
33.9
8.4

45.5
14.6
30.9
11.8
33.6
9.1

44.8
13.9
30.9
12.3
34.5
8.3

44.5
14.1
30.4
13.5
34.5
7.5

44.6
13.9
30.8
13.9
33.8
7.7

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.1
.5
1.5
.4

2.1
.5
1.5
.4

2.1
.6
1.5
.3

2.1
.5
1.5
.4

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.5
1.4
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Duration
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,626
1,929
1,461
605
856

2,608
1,967
1,509
671
838

2,553
2,022
1,641
833
808

2,626
1,975
1,606
783
823

2,652
1,956
1,644
810
834

2,638
1,968
1,636
732
904

2,754
1,896
1,598
732
866

2,546
1,983
1,611
752
859

2,614
1,839
1,578
754
824

2,353
2,071
1,469
753
716

2,601
1,944
1,550
766
784

2,478
1,891
1,434
736
697

2,788
1.867
1,446
773
673

14.5
6.6

14.7
6.1

14.1
6.7

14.3
6.7

13.7
6.8

14.3
6.6

14.1
5.9

14.4
6.7

14.1
6.7

13.4
6.9

13.8
7.0

13.5
6.9

13.1
6.1

100.0
43.7
32.1
24.3
10.1
14.2

100.0
42.9
32.3
24.8
11.0
13.8

100.0
41.1
32.5
26.4
13.4
13.0

100.0
42.3
31.8
25.9
12.6
13.3

100.0
42.4
31.3
26.3
13.0
13.3

100.0
42.3
31.5
26.2
11.7
14.5

100.0
44.1
30.3
25.6
11.7
13.9

100.0
41.5
32.3
26.2
12.2
14.0

100.0
43.3
30.5
26.2
12.5
13.7

100.0
39.9
35.1
24.9
12.8
12.1

100.0
42.7
31.9
25.4
12.6
12.9

100.0
42.7
32.6
24.7
12.7
12.0

100.0
45.7
30.6
23.7
12.7
11.0

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemDloved
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over . . .
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

20

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

207,236
16,011
8,072
7,939
17,942
117,862
38,104
18,404
19,700
44,521

138,240
7,787
3,121
4,667
13,623
99,129

22,297
22,224

32,071
15,487
16,584

37,865

10,294

18,912
18.954
29,193
16,321
12,871
13,706
8,892
4,814

32,419
9,269

3,994
2,130

8,516

1,158
706

35,238
19.168

16,070
23,002
12,708

14,634

66.7
48.6
38.7
58.8
75.9
84.1
84.2
84.2
84.2
85.1
84.8
85.3
82.8
85.2
80.1
59.6
70.0
46.8
12.3
23.0
13.6
4.8

132,552
6.735
2,571
4,164
12,665
95,935
30,819
14,811
16,007
36,683
18,358
18,324
28,433
15,880
12,553
13,332
8,647
4,685
3,885
2.063
1,135

64.0
42.1
31.9
52.4
70.6
81.4
80.9
80.5
81.3
82.4
82.3
82.5
80.7
82.8
78.1
58.0
68.0
45.5
12.0
22.3
13.3
4.7

3,320
204
71
133
351
2,027
678
338
340
763
346
417
587
343
244
424
231
193
314
151
89
74

129,232
6,531
2,500
4,031
12,314
93,908
30,141
14,474
15,668
35,920
18,013
17,907
27,847
15,537
12,309
12,908
8,416
4,492
3,571
1,912
1,046
613

5,688
1,052
549
503
959
3,194
1,252
676
577
1,183
553
629
759
441
318
375
245
129
108
67
22
19

4.1
13.5
17.6
10.8
7.0
3.2
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.3
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.2
1.9
2.7

68,996
8,224
4,951
3.272
4,319
18.733
6,033
2,917
3,116
6,656
3,385
3,270
6,045
2,846
3,198
9,295
3,815
5,480
28,425
7,139
7,358
13,928

74.2
48.9
38.4
59.7
78.8
91.9
93.2
92.8
93.6
92.9
93.4
92.4
89.1
91.0
86.9
68.4
79.5
54.7
16.9
28.2
18.0
7.6

70,877
3,414
1,275
2,139
6,445
51,448
16,746
8,002
8,744
19,807
10,018
9,788
14,895
8,284
6.612
7,305
4,704
2,602
2,264
1,178
664
423

71.3
41.8
30.7
53.4
72.8
89.1
89.8
89.0
90.6
90.3
91.2
89.5
86.8
88.5
84.8
66.6
77.4
53.2
16.5
27.5
17.7
7.4

2,504
165
54
111
263
1.519
552
285
267
553
276
278
413
242
172
303
160
143
254
121
69
65

68,373
3,249
1,221
2,028
6,183
49,929

2,959
574
320
254
524
1.604
^334
340
294
573
250
323
396
231
165
203
128
76
54
30
11
14

4.0
14.4
20.1
10.6
7.5
3.0
3.6
4.1
3.3
2.8
2.4
3.2
2.6
2.7
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.3
2.4
1.6
3.2

25,628
4,174
2,561
1,613
1,880
4.677
1,262
647
614
1,549
721
628
1,867
846
1,021
3,463
1,248
2,215
11,433
3,071
3,078
5,284

59.8
48.4
39.0
57.8
73.2
76.6
75.5
75.9
75.1
77.4
76.4
78.4
76.9
79.6
73.7
51.5
61.3
39.6
9.0
18.5
10.1
3.0

61,675
3,321
1,296
2,025
6,219
44,487
14,073
6,810
7,263
16,876
8,340
8,536
13,538
7,597
5,942
6,026
3,943
2,083
1,621
885
472
265

57.2
42.3
33.1
51.5
68.4
74.0
72.3
72.3
72.3
74.7
73.8
75.6
74.9
77.5
71.8
50.1
59.5
38.6
8.7
17.7
9.9
3.0

816
39
17
21
88
508
126
53
72
209
70
139
174
102
72
120
71
50
60
30
21
10

60,859
3,282
1,279
2,003
6,131
43,978

2.729
478
229
249
434
1.590
618
336
282
609
303
306
363
210
153
171
117
54
54
38
12
5

4.2
12.6
15.0
11.0
6.5
3.5
4.2
4.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.2
4.1
2.4
1.8

43,368
4,049
2,390
1,659
2,438
14,056
4,771
2,269
2,502
5,107
2,665
2,442
4,178
2,000
2,178
5,832
2,567
3,265
16,992
4,068
4,280
8,644

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

99,465
8,162
4,156
4,006
8,850
57,729
18,642

73,837
3,988
1,595
2,393

6,970
53.052
17,380
8,342

9,653
21,929
10,989
10.940
17,158
9,361
7.798
10,972
6,080
4,892
13,751
4,279
3,752
5,721

9,039
20,380
10,268

10,111
15,292
8,515

6,777
7,509
4,832
2,677
2,318
1,208
674
436

16,194
7,717
8,477
19,253
9,742
9,511
14,482
8,042

6,440
7,002
4,544
2.459
2,010
1.057

595
358

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

107,771
7,849
3,915
3,933
9,092
60,133
19,462
9,415
10,047
22,592
11,308
11,284
18,079
9,807
8,272
12,029
6,627
5,402
4,990
4,764
8,914

64,403
3,799
1,525
2,274
6,654
46,077

14,691
7,145
7,545
17,485
8,643
8.842
13,901
7,807
6.094
6,198
4,061
2,137
1,676
922
483
270

See footnotes at end of table.




21

13,947
6,756
7,191
16,667
8,270
8,396
13,365
7,495
5,869
5,906
3,872
2,034
1,561
855
451
256

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

172,730
12,667
6,342
6,326
14,337
97,202
30,639
14,689
15,949
36,738
18,412
18,326
29,825
16,066
13,760
19,759
10,871
8,888
28,765
8,047
7,545
13,173

115,633
6,599
2,678
3,921
11,179
82,301
25,919
12,457
13,462
31,410
15,697
15,713
24,971
13,800
11,171
11,975
7.762
4,214
3.580
1,871
1,078
631

52.1
42.2
62.0
78.0
84.7
84.6
84.8
84.4
85.5
85.3
85.7
83.7
85.9
81.2
60.6
71.4
47.4
12.4
23.2
14.3
4.8

111,439
5,819
2,253
3,565
10,510
79,971
25,076
11,997
13,079
30,542
15.315
15.227
24,353
13,442
10,910
11,646
7,552
4,094
3,493
1,818
1,061
614

64.5
45.9
35.5
56.4
73.3
82.3
81.8
81.7
82.0
83.1
83.2
83.1
81.7
83.7
79.3
58.9
69.5
46.1
12.1
22.6
14.1
4.7

3,095
191
71
120
333
1,884
637
326
310
703
318
385
544
320
224
380
202
179
307
145
89
72

83,746
6,481
3,266
3,215
7,216
48,267
15,212
7,277
7,935
18,332
9,189
9,144
14,723
7,962
6,761
9,536
5.279
4,256
12,246
3,737
3,356
5,152

62,935
3,386
1,356
2,030
5,949
44,846
14,341
6,829
7,512
17.184
8,659
8,525
13,322
7,331
5,991
6.644
4,280
2.364
2,110
1,074
633
403

75.1
52.2
41.5
63.2
82.4
92.9
94.3
93.8
94.7
93.7
94.2
93.2
90.5
92.1
88.6
69.7
81.1
55.6
17.2
28.7
18.9
7.8

60,731
2,973
1,114
1,859
5,578
43.661
13,891
6.588
7.304
16.768
8,488
8,280
13,001
7,148
5,853
6,460
4,163
2,297
2,060
1,049
622
389

72.5
45.9
34.1
57.8
77.3
90.5
91.3
90.5
92.0
91.5
92.4
90.6
88.3
89.8
86.6
67.7
78.9
54.0
16.8
28.1
18.5
7.5

88,984
6.186
3,075
3,110
7,121
48,935
15,427
7,413
8,014
18,406
9,223
9,182
15,102
8,103
6,999
10,223
5,591
4,632
16,519
4,310
4,188
8,021

52,698
3,212
1.322
1,890
5.230
37,455
11,579
5,628
5,950
14,227
7,038
7,188
11,650
6,469
5,181
5.331
3,482
1,849
1,470
796
445
228

59.2
51.9
43.0
60.8
73.4
76.5
75.1
75.9
74.3
77.3
76.3
78.3
77.1
79.8
74.0
52.1
62.3
39.9
8.9
18.5
10.6
2.8

50,708
2,846
1,140
1,706
4,932
36,310
11,184
5,410
5,775
13.775
6,828
6,947
11,351
6,294
5,057
5.186
3,389
1,797
1,433
769
439
225

57.0
46.0
37.1
54.8
69.3
74.2
72.5
73.0
72.1
74.8
74.0
75.7
75.2
77.7
72.3
50.7
60.6
38.8
8.7
17.8
10.5
2.8

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not
in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

108,344
5,628
2,182
3,445
10,177
78,087
24,439
11,671
12,768
29,839
14,997
14,842
23,808
13,122
10,686
11,266
7,350
3,915
3,187
1,673
972
542

4,194
780
425
355
669
2,330
843
460
384
868
382
486
619
357
261
329
210
120
86
52
17
17

3.6
11.8
15.9
9.1
6.0
2.8
3.3
3.7
2.9
2.8
2.4
3.1
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.4
2.8
1.6
2.7

57,097
6,069
3.664
2,405
3,158
14,901
4,719
2,233
2,487
5,328
2,715
2.613
4,854
2,266
2,588
7,784
3,109
4.675
25.185
6,176
6,467
12,542

2,317
152
54
99
250
1,404
514
273
241
504
254
251
385
226
159
263
133
130
248
117
69
62

58,414
2,820
1.060
1,761
5,328
42,257
13,377
6.315
7,063
16,264
8.234
8,030
12,616
6,922
5,694
6,197
4.030
2,167
1,812
932
554
326

2.204
413
242
171
371
1.185
449
241
208
416
171
245
320
183
138
184
117
67
50
25
11
14

3.5
12.2
17.9
8.4
6.2
2.6
3.1
3.5
2.8
2.4
2.0
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.4
1.7
3.5

20,811
3,095
1,910
1,185
1,267
3,421
871
448
423
1.149
530
619
1,401
632
770
2,892
1,000
1,892
10,136
2,663
2,724
4,750

778
39
17
21
83
481
122
53
69
199
65
134
159
94
65
117
69
48
59
29
21
10

49,930
2,807
1,123
1,685
4,849
35,830
11,062
5,357
5,706
13,575
6,763
6,813
11,192
6.201
4,992
5,069
3,321
1,748
1.374
741
418
216

1.990
366
182
184
298
1,144
394
218
176
452
211
241
298
175
124
145
93
52
37
27

3.8
11.4
13.8
9.7
5.7
3.1
3.4
3.9
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.4
2.6
2.7
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.4
1.4
1.3

36,286
2.974
1,753
1,220
1,891
11,480
3,848
1,785
2,063
4,179
2,185
1,994
3,453
1,634
1,819
4,892
2,109
2,783
15,049
3,513
3,743
7,792

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.




22

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

14,846
637

1,180
208

201
436

93

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years

40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

24,765
2,475
1,252
1,223
2.601
14,693
5,207
2,555
2.652
5.593
2,856
2,737
3,894
2,245
1,648
2,288
1,258
1,030
2,709
880
692
1,137

16,159
845

11,101
1,216

7,493
401

629

159
242
743
5,688

294
551
1,789
12,086
4,443

2,173
2,270
4,659
2,400
2,259
2,984
1,804
1,180
1,150
744
406
289
160

65
64

65.2
34.1
23.5
45.0
68.8
82.3
85.3
85.1
85.6
83.3
84.0
82.5
76.6
80.3
71.6
50.3
59.2
39.4
10.7
18.1
9.5
5.6

14,979
637

67.5
33.0
25.3
41.2
62.4
85.6
89.9
91.4
88.6
86.9
87.8
85.9
78.0
82.7
71.5
54.6
64.4
42.5
12.1
20.0
10.3
6.4

6,941
280

63.4
35.3
21.7
48.6
74.2
79.5
81.6
80.1
83.1
80.3
80.8
79.7
75.5
78.4
71.6
47.1
55.2
37.1
9.7
16.8
8.8
5.1

8,038
357
99
257
930

201
436

1,542
11,403
4,097
1,984
2,113
4,422
2,262
2,160
2,884
1,745
1,139
1,123
720
403
275
151
60

64

60.5
25.7
16.0
35.6
59.3
77.6
78.7
77.7
79.7
79.1
79.2
78.9
74.1
77.7
69.1
49.1
57.2
39.1
10.1
17.2
8.7
5.6

133

62.5
23.0
16.1
30.4
51.4
81.2
83.9
84.5
83.4
82.9
83.4
82.4
75.2
79.8
69.1
53.6
63.2
41.8
12.1
20.0
10.3
6.4

114

1,534
11,305
34
8
26
38
17
21
25
16
9
27
18
9

4,063
1,976
2,087
4,384
2,245
2,139
2,858
1,729
1,130
1,096
702

394
275
151
60
64

115
247
683
347
189
157
237
138

99
100

59
40
27
24
3
14
9
5

7.3
24.6
31.8
20.9
13.8
5.6
7.8
8.7

6.9
5.1
5.7
4.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
2.4
3.3
.8
4.9
5.5
(1)

(M

8,606
1,630
958
672
811
2,608
764
382
382
934
456
478
910
441
469
1,138
514
624
2,420
720
627
1,073

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years

587
1,190

6,645
2.324

30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1,127
1,197
2,557
1,300
1.257
1,763
1,016
747

971
536
435
1,078
366

298

2,091
1,030
1.061
2,222
1,142
1,080
1,375
841
534
531
345
185
131
73

414

31
27

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

13,664
1,259

8.666
444

623
635

135

45 to 49 years

1,229

50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

901
1,317
722

101
178

612
5,398
1,951
953
999
2,120
1,084
1,036
1,326
811

516
521

339
182

131
73
31
27

5
84
34
8
26
33
16
16
17
12
33
25
16
9

6,827
280
101
178

552
121
57
64

607

131
290
140
77
63

5,314

1,917
944
973
2.087
1.067
1.020
1,310
799
511
496
322

102
58
44
48
30
18

7.4
30.2
36.2
26.2
17.6
5.1
6.7
7.5
5.9
4.6
5.1

4.1
3.5
3.6
3.4

10
7
3

1.9
2.0

8,019
357
99
257

628
87
36

927
5,991

116
393
207
112

51
29
22
17
17

7.2
19.7
26.6
16.6
11.1
6.1
8.8
9.8
7.8
5.5
6.4
4.6
3.2
3.0
3.4
2.8
4.4

14
9
5

8.9
10.1
!

173
131
73

1.7

31
27

3,608
815
470
345
448
957
234
97
136
335
158
177
388
175
213
441
191
250
947
293
267
388

Women

1,410
8,048
2.882
1.428
1,454
3.035
1.556
1,480
2,131

595
1,630
513

394
722

309
1,047
6,398
2,353
1,144
1,209
2,437
1,258
1,179

963
645
620
399
221
158
86
35
37

6,005
2,146
1,032
1,114
2,302
1,178
1,124
1,557
934
623
602
381

221
144
77
29
37

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999. data reflect revised population controls used in




58.8
28.4
16.0
40.5
65.9
74.6
74.4
72.2
76.6
75.8
75.7
76.0
73.1
76.0
69.2
45.7
52.8
37.1
8.8
15.1
7.4
5.1

the household survey.

23

3
14

2,146
1,032
1,114

2,296
1,177
1,119

1,549
930
619
600

379
221
144
77
29
37

51

95
135
80
55

4,998
814
488
327
364
1,650
530
284
245
599
298
301
522
266
256
697
323
374
1,473
427
360
686

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Apr.

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

204,731
136,379
66.6
130,735
3,315
127,421
5,643
4.1
68,352

207,236
138,240
66.7
132,552
3,320
129,232
5,688
4.1
68,996

90,580
69,480
76.7
67,027
2,406
64,621
2,453
3.5
21,099

91,302
69,848
76.5
67,463
2,339
65,124
2,385
3.4
21,454

98,583
59,345
60.2
57,131
705
56,426
2,213
3.7
39,238

99,923
60,604
60.7
58,354
111
57,577
2,250
3.7
39,318

15,569
7,554
48.5
6,577
204
6,373
977
12.9
8,015

16,011
7,787
48.6
6,735
204
6,531
1,052
13.5
8,224

171,141
114,380
66.8
110,343
3,122
107,221
4,037
3.5
56,761

172,730
115,633
66.9
111,439
3,095
108,344
4,194
3.6
57,097

76,816
59,185
77.0
57,390
2,244
55,146
1,795
3.0
17,631

77,265
59,548
77.1
57,758
2,165
55,594
1,790
3.0
17,716

81,954
48,801
59.5
47,300
677
46,623
1,501
3.1
33,153

82,798
49,486
59.8
47,862
739
47,122
1,624
3.3
33,312

12,371
6,394
51.7
5,653
201
5,452
741
11.6
5,977

12,667
6,599
52.1
5,819
191
5,628
780
11.8
6,069

24,289
15,776
64.9
14,429
120
14,308
1,347
8.5
8,514

24,765
16,159
65.2
14,979
133
14,846
1,180
7.3
8,606

9,691
7,050
72.7
6,527
107
6,420
523
7.4
2,641

9,885
7,092
71.7
6,661
114
6,547
431
6.1
2,793

12,164
7,814
64.2
7,196
11
7,186
618
7.9
4,350

12,405
8,222
66.3
7,681
19
7,662
541
6.6
4,184

2,435
912
37.4
705
3
702
207
22.7
1,523

2,475
845
34.1
637

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

24

637
208
24.6
1,630

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

19,009
12,886
6,123

9,173
5,526
3,648

48.3
42.9
59.6

8,307
4,829
3,478

1,553
428
1.124

6,754
4,401
2,354

697
170

185
100
85

681
596
85

9.4
12.6
4.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

10,454
8,554
7,322
1,232

4,261
4,913
3,840
1,072

40.8
57.4
52.4
87.0

3,624
4,683
3,645
1,038

252
1,301
652
648

3,372
3,382
2,992
390

636
230
196
34

61
24

537
144
134
10

14.9
4.7
5.1
3.2

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,462
6,536
2,926

4,349
2,698
1,650

46.0
41.3
56.4

3.899
2,339
1,560

798
235
563

3,101
2,105
997

449
359
91

92
42
50

357
317
40

10.3
13.3
5.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,492
3,970
3,389
581

2,195
2,153
1,640
513

40.0
54.2
48.4
88.3

1,849
2,050
1,552
498

157
641
302
339

1,692
1,409
1,250
159

346
104
88
16

50
43
35
8

296
61
53
7

15.8
4.8
5.4
3.0

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

9,546
6,349
3,197

4,825
2,827
1,998

50.5
44.5
62.5

4,408
2,490
1,918

755
193
562

3,653
2,296
1,357

417
338
79

93
58
34

324
279
45

8.6
11.9
4.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,962
4,584
3,934
651

2,066
2,759
2,200
559

41.6
60.2
55.9
85.9

1,775
2,633
2,093
540

95
660
351
309

1,680
1,973
1.742
231

290
126
108

19

50
43
27
16

241
84
81
3

14.1
4.6
4.9
3.3

14,946
10,197
4,749

7,717
4,735
2,982

51.6
46.4
62.8

7,102
4,215
2,887

1,238
350
888

5,865
3,865
1,999

615
520
95

95
53
42

520
467
53

8.0
11.0
3.2

Men
Women

7,483
7,462

3,710
4,007

49.6
53.7

3,395
3,707

684
554

2,711
3,153

315
300

49
45

265
255

8.5
7.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

8,148
6,798
5,841
957

3,627
4,090
3,262
828

44.5
60.2
55.9
86.5

3,157
3,945
3,134
811

210
1,028
523
504

2,947
2,918
2,611
307

470
145
128
17

45
50
38
12

425
95
90
5

13.0
3.5
3.9
2.0

2,815
1,940
875

943
535
408

33.5
27.6
46.6

760
407
353

221
68
153

538
338
200

183
129
55

70
37
33

114
92
22

19.5
24.1
13.4

Men
Women

1,372
1,442

412
531

30.0
36.8

314
446

75
147

239
85

37
33

62
52

23.9
16.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,711
1,103
931
173

430
513
358
155

25.1
46.5
38.5
89.9

306
454
312
142

33
188
91
97

273
266
221
44

124
60
46
14

46
24
15
9

78
36
31
5

28.8
11.6
12.8
8.9

2,015
1,529
486

789
482
307

39.2
31.5
63.2

707
420
287

176
73
104

530
347
183

83
62
20

26

57
53
3

10.5
12.9

Men
Women

1,020
995

387
403

37.9
40.5

346
361

100
77

246
284

41
42

8
18

32
24

10.5
10.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,344
671
488
183

371
419
247
172

27.6
62.4
50.7
93.5

311
396
228
168

58
118
30
89

253
278
199
79

60
23
19
4

13
13
9
4

47
10
10

16.2
5.4
7.6
2.2

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
14,944
3,125
11,819

12,237
2,262
9,975

81.9
72.4
84.4

11,093
1,906
9,187

9,235
1,335
7,900

1,858
571
1,287

1,144
355
789

1,030
306
724

115
50
65

9.4
15.7
7.9

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,819
6,501
3,325
1,299

2,533
5,501
2,968
1,236

66.3
84.6
89.3
95.1

2,098
5,021
2.775
1,198

1,604
4,158
2,371
1,102

494
863
404

434
480
193
38

399
426
167
38

36
54
25

17.1
8.7
6.5
3.0

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,550
1,626
5,924

6,609
1,290
5,319

87.5
79.3
89.8

5,961
1,075
4,886

5,228
822
4,405

733
253
481

648
215
434

605
183
422

44
32
12

9.8
16.7
8.2

2,093
3,359

1,614
3,053
1,462
481

77.1
90.9
91.8
95.3

1,339

2,792
1,375
454

1,104
2,464
1,229
430

235
328

1,593
505

146
24

275
260
86
26

257
237
84

18
23
3

17.1
8.5
5.9
5.5

7,394
1,499
5,895

5,628
972
4,656

76.1
64.8
79.0

5,132
831

4,007
513

4,301

3,494

1,125
318
806

496
141
355

425
123
302

71
18
53

8.8
14.5
7.6

1,726

53.2
77.9
87.0
95.0

759
2,229
1,400
744

500
1,694
1,142
672

260
535
258
72

159
219
106

141

1,732
795

918
2,448
1,507
755

18
31
22

11

189
84
11

17.3
9.0
7.1
1.5

12,059
2,470
9,589

10,060
1,864
8,197

83.4
75.4
85.5

9,226
1,604
7,623

7,785
1,165
6,620

1,441
1,002

834
260
574

753
230
522

82
30
52

8.3
13.9
7.0

Men
Women .

6,214
5,845

5,626
4,435

90.5
75.9

5,156
4,071

4,578
3,207

578
863

470
364

442
311

28
53

8.4
8.2

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

2,967
5,283
2,679
1,130

2,055
4,514
2,409
1,082

69.3
85.4
89.9
95.8

1,733
4,175
2,270
1,049

1,369
3,510

1,950
956

364
665
319
93

322
339
139
34

299
300
120
34

23
39
20

15.7
7.5
5.8
3.1

2,260
535
1,726

1,691
309
1,381

74.8
57.9
80.1

1.419
230
1,189

1,081
116
965

338
114
224

272
79
193

243
63
180

29
16
13

16.1
25.7
14.0

1,034
1,227

731
960

70.7
78.3

578
841

456
624

121
217

153
119

142
102

12
17

21.0
12.4

712
988
501
59

394

55.3
81.0
87.8

290
685
387
57

176
328
56

114
165
59

104
115
53

91
105
48

13
10
5

26.4
14.4
12.1

2,911
764
2.148

2,206
504
1,703

75.8
65.9
79.3

1,952
405
1,547

1,624
300
1,324

328
105
223

255
98
156

231
84
147

24
15
9

11.5
19.6
9.2

Men
Women .

1,522
1,389

1,356
851

89.0
61.3

1,216
736

1,057
567

159
169

140
115

127
103

13
11

10.3
13.5

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,395
1,031
433
52

931
838
391
47

66.7
81.3
90.3

799
754
354
45

648
623
322
31

151

132
84
37
2

117
77
35
2

15
8
1

14.2
10.0
9.3

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,142

26

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

439

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

801
440
57

1

521

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




131
32

14

1

will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic

origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Total
Educational attainment

Women

White

Hispanic origin

Black

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

171,623
115,395
67.2
111,676
65.1
3,719
3.2

173,283
116,829
67.4
113,152
65.3
3,677
3.1

81,843
62,387
76.2
60,444
73.9
1,943
3.1

82,452
62,879
76.3
61,017
74.0
1,861
3.0

89,780
53,007
59.0
51,232
57.1
1,775
3.3

90,831
53,951
59.4
52,135
57.4
1,816
3.4

144,670
96,876
67.0
94,211
65.1
2,665
2.8

145,726
97,856
67.2
95,110
65.3
2,745
2.8

19,321
13,124
67.9
12,264
63.5
860
6.6

19,690
13,525
68.7
12,800
65.0
724
5.4

16,057
11,197
69.7
10,629
66.2
567
5.1

16,557
11,438
69.1
10,815
65.3
623
5.4

29,638
12,857
43.4
11,938
40.3
920
7.2

27,991
11,971
42.8
11,170
39.9
802
6.7

14,162
7,960
56.2
7,473
52.8
487
6.1

13,205
7,319
55.4
6,894
52.2
424
5.8

15,477
4,898
31.6
4,465
28.8
433
8.8

14,786
4,653
31.5
4,275
28.9
378
8.1

23,709
10,265
43.3
9,649
40.7
617
6.0

22,310
9,593
43.0
9,031
40.5
562
5.9

4,634
1,970
42.5
1,718
37.1
252
12.8

4,322
1,730
40.0
1,542
35.7
188
10.9

7,096
4,204
59.2
3,912
55.1
293
7.0

7,021
4,085
58.2
3,800
54.1
285
7.0

57,484
37,374
65.0
35,921
62.5
1,453
3.9

57,945
37,551
64.8
36,253
62.6
1,297
3.5

26,016
19,801
76.1
19,011
73.1
790
4.0

26,263
19,843
75.6
19,207
73.1
635
3.2

31,468
17,573
55.8
16,910
53.7
662
3.8

31,682
17,708
55.9
17,046
53.8
662
3.7

48,970
31,386
64.1
30,340
62.0
1,046
3.3

49,043
31,385
64.0
30,445
62.1
940
3.0

6,626
4,673
70.5
4,325
65.3
348
7.4

7,014
4,931
70.3
4,633
66.1
298
6.0

4,241
3,102
73.1
2,929
69.1
173
5.6

4,683
3,404
72.7
3,216
68.7
188
5.5

42,303
31,177
73.7
30,331
71.7
846
2.7

43,059
31,889
74.1
30,953
71.9
936
2.9

19,674
15,891
80.8
15,466
78.6
425
2.7

19,955
16,164
81.0
15,723
78.8
442
2.7

22,629
15,286
67.6
14,865
65.7
421
2.8

23,104
15,725
68.1
15,230
65.9
495
3.1

35,612
25,959
72.9
25,374
71.3
585
2.3

36,139
26,421
73.1
25,696
71.1
724
2.7

5,078
3,982
78.4
3,768
74.2
214
5.4

5,182
4,138
79.9
3,982
76.8
156
3.8

2,904
2,351
81.0
2,277
78.4
75
3.2

3,020
2,422
80.2
2,319
76.8
103
4.3

29,720
21,206
71.4
20,573
69.2
633
3.0

30,197
21,896
72.5
21,196
70.2
700
3.2

14,124
11,060
78.3
10,731
76.0
329
3.0

14,179
11,259
79.4
10,926
77.1
333
3.0

15,596
10,146
65.1
9,842
63.1
304
3.0

16,019
10,637
66.4
10,269
64.1
367
3.5

24,837
17,447
70.2
17,016
68.5
431
2.5

25,142
17,927
71.3
17,394
69.2
532
3.0

3,791
2,935
77.4
2,761
72.8
174
5.9

3,883
3,088
79.5
2,963
76.3
125
4.0

2,140
1,695
79.2
1,641
76.7
54
3.2

2,233
1,769
79.2
1,694
75.9
74
4.2

12,583
9,972
79.2
9,759
77.6
213
2.1

12,861
9,993
111
9,757
75.9
236
2.4

5,550
4,831
87.0
4,736
85.3
95
2.0

5,776
4,905
84.9
4,797
83.0
108
2.2

7,033
5,141
73.1
5,023
71.4
117
2.3

7,085
5,088
71.8
4,960
70.0
128
2.5

10,775
8,512
79.0
8,358
77.6
154
1.8

10,997
8,494
77.2
8,302
75.5
192
2.3

1,287
1,047
81.3
1,007
78.3
40
3.8

1,299
1,051
80.9
1,019
78.4
32
3.0

764
656
85.9
635
83.2
20
3.1

788
654
83.0
625
79.3
29
4.4

42,197
33,986
80.5
33,485
79.4
501
1.5

44,289
35,418
80.0
34,776
78.5
642
1.8

21,991
18,735
85.2
18,494
84.1
242
1.3

23,029
19,553
84.9
19,193
83.3
360
1.8

20,206
15,251
75.5
14,992
74.2
259
1.7

21,259
15,865
74.6
15,583
73.3
282
1.8

36,379
29,266
80.4
28,849
79.3
417
1.4

38,233
30,456
79.7
29,938
78.3
518
1.7

2,984
2,499
83.7
2,452
82.2
46
1.9

3,171
2,726
85.9
2,643
83.4
82
3.0

1,816
1,539
84.7
1,512
83.2
27
1.8

1,832
1,527
83.4
1,480
80.8
47
3.1

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian laoor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
April 1999
Employed1
Part-time workers

At work

At work 2

Age, sex, and race
Total

Unemployed

Full-time workers

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time
Part time for
for
economic
noneconomic
reasons
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
108,559
1,763
158
1,605
106,796
9,024
97,772
84,896
12,875

97,935
1,497
123
1,374
96,438
8,070
88,368
77,066
11,302

7,978
252
29
223
7,727
791
6,936
5,791
1,145

2,646
15
6
9
2,631
163
2,467
2,040
428

23,993
4,972
2,413
2,559
19,021
3,641
15,380
11,039
4,342

2,269
220
48
172
2,049
424
1,625
1,429
197

20,533
4,589
2,279
2,310
15,945
3,066
12,879
9,072
3,807

1,191
164
86
77
1,027
151
876
538
338

4,505
406
122
285
4,099
808
3,290
2,919
371

1,183
646
428
218
537
150
387
275
112

63,071
1,057
62,014
4,968
57,046
49,303
7,742

57,747
898
56,849
4,536
52,313
45,432
6,881

4,005
151
3,854
362
3,492
2,855
637

1,319
8
1,311
70
1,241
1,017
224

7,806
2,357
5,449
1,477
3,972
2,144
1,827

938
94
844
215
629
543
86

6,508
2,188
4,320
1,204
3,116
1,496
1,620

360
75
285
58
227
105
122

2,432
225
2,207
472
1,735
1,529
206

527
349
179
52
126
75
52

45,488
706
44,782
4,056
40,726
35,593
5,133

40,188
599
39,589
3,534
36,055
31,634
4,421

3,973
100
3,873
429
3,444
2,936
508

1,327
7
1,320
93
1,227
1,023
204

16,187
2,615
13,572
2,163
11,409
8,894
2,514

1,330
125
1,205
209
996
885
111

14,025
2,400
11,625
1,862
9,763
7,576
2,187

831
89
742
93
650
433
216

2,073
181
1,892
336
1,555
1,390
165

656
297
359
98
261
200
60

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

54,097
931
53,166
4,331
48,835
41,936
6,899

49,465
793
48,673
3,967
44,706
38,595
6,111

3,531
131
3,400
314
3,086
2,510
577

1,100
7
1,094
50
1,043
832
212

6,634
2,042
4,592
1,247
3,345
1,725
1,621

717
69
647
162
485
416
70

5,600
1,899
3,700
1,041
2,659
1,217
1,443

318
73
245
44
201
92
108

1,820
159
1,661
332
1,329
1,140
188

384
254
130
39
90
45
45

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

36,702
584
36,118
3,177
32,941
28,566
4,375

32,408
505
31,903
2,776
29,127
25,374
3,753

3,186
76
3,111
338
2,773
2,335
438

1,109
4
1,105
63
1,042
857
185

14,005
2,262
11,744
1,755
9,989
7,744
2,244

1,000
90
910
173
737
641
96

12,287
2,098
10,189
1,515
8,675
6,726
1,949

718
74
644
67
577
377
199

1,485
124
1,360
232
1,128
993
136

506
242
264
66
198
152
46

6,136
78
6,058
453
5,605
5,103
502

5,636
61
5,575
408
5,167
4,712
455

351
17
334
28
307
263
44

149

805
202
603
159
444
295
150

161
20
141
39
102
97
5

618
182
436
109
328
193
135

26

149
17
132
128
3

25
11
14
5
10

450
54
396
125
272
263
9

102
67
35
6
29
28
1

6,499
107
6,392
664
5,728
5,193
536

5,727
82
5,645
583
5,062
4,598
465

611
21
590
54
536
479
57

161
3
158
28
130
116
14

1,539
250
1,289
266
1,023
813
210

266
35
231
30
200
196
4

1,192
201
991
218
773
579
195

81
14
67
18
49
38
11

503
46
456
88
368
351
17

125
41
84
28
56
41
14

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
White

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




28

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)

Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
Apr.
1998

Total

16 years
and over

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

70,348

70,877

67,027

67,463

60,387

61,675

57,131

58,354

40,526
19,826
764

19,542
10,320
373

14,245
4,816
20,700
2,036
1,833
561

7,984
1,963

20,446
10,904
413
8,435
2,057

19,455
10,272
373
7,943
1,956
9,184
1,767
1,142
336
767
491
578
1,245
665
2,194

20,327
10,862
413
8,395
2,054
9,464
1,825

19,089
8,421
273
5,455
2,693
10,668
234
482
157
254
2,501
375
3,879
260
2,527

20,080
8,921
351
5,811
2,760
11,158
208
551
171
248
2,477
442
4,175
238
2,647

18,938
8,353
270
5,406
2,678
10,584
234
482
157
254
2,501
375
3,842
256
2,483

19,918
8,891
351
5,791
2,749
11,027
208
551
169
248
2,474
425
4,105
238
2,609

12,905
1,974
311
945
718
7,244
2,862
1,370
1,128
1,859
24
3,687
261
161
97
129
562
2,477

13,239
2,086
320
991
775
7,627

129
58
184
524
2,327

24,745
2,278
1,423
335
520
7,884
1,889
1,181
375
4,360
80
14,583
409
197
3,560
2,044
384
7,989

24,600
2,145
1,307
331
507
7,797
1,949
1,147
436
4,168
98
14,658
400
213
3,567
1,891
406
8,181

22,971
2,256
1,422
325
508
6,717
1,855
1,135
369
3,278
79
13,998
405
197
3,446
2,015
376
7,560

22,966
2,100
1,281
316
504
6,773
1,933
1,131
415
3,201
93
14,092
400
211
3,474
1,857
404
7,746

6,134
43
1,912
4,179
1,821
264
1,657
436

5,955
31
1,886
4,037
1,833
271
1,464
470

10,359
767
402
9,190
3,380
2,085
1,363
2,361

10,840
769
413
9,657
3,631
2,249
1,294
2,483

9,307
700
372
8,235
2,704
2,005
1,319
2,207

9,580
674
393
8,513
2,846
2,140
1,225
2,303

2,991
960
5,135
925
4,740

1,039
5,486
912
4,842

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,431
4,300
1,749
1,307
1,245

38,711
4,275
1,634
1,353
1,287

15,664
4,760
2,577
1,503
6,719
106

15,995
4,909
2,637
1,618

494
1,021

20 years
and over

Apr.
1998

38,631

2,001
1,624

16 years
and over

Apr.
1999

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

13,439
4,656
19,890

20 years
and over

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

130,735 132,552
18,741
646

Women

1,056
2,935

9,222
1,767
1,142
336
767
491
585
1,257

665
2,213

9,542
1,828
1,282

390
808
458
597
1,311
674
2,195

13,686
2,022
326
971
725
7,780
2,871

14,111
2,130
327

1,396

1,490
1,182
2,533
32
3,783
305

1,128

2,359
26

1,022
781

8,197
2,960

1,280

390
808
458
589
1,292
672
2,151

2,952
1,468
1,172
2,005

2,181

6,701
130
18,441
705
346
3,624
2,077

953

947

10,636

10,741

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Foodservice
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

17,460
818
2,332
14,310
5,951
2,373
3,132
2,854

17,779
813
2,334
14,631
6,237
2,528
2,839
3,027

7,101
50
1,930
5,120
2,571

287
1,768
494

1,921
4,974
2,607
278
1,545
544

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,556
4,866
5,599
4,090

14,533
4,944
5,662
3,927

13,425
4,692
5,526
3,207

13,179
4,681
5,491
3,008

13,115
4,566
5,383
3,166

12,918
4,602
5,346
2,970

1,131
174
74
883

1,354
263
171
920

1,113
170
68
875

1,318
251
164
903

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,253
7,764
5,447
4,082
1,366
5,042
786
4,256

17,550
7,262
5,233
3,951
1,282
5,055
844
4,210

13,781
4,787
4,869
3,569
1,300
4,124
745
3,380

13,429
4,652
4,713
3,470
1,242
4,064
811
3,253

12,786
4,633
4,760
3,482
1,278
3,393
699
2,693

12,447
4,462
4,586
3,377
1,209
3,399
763
2,636

4,472
2,976
578
513
65
918
42
876

4,121
2,610
521
481
40
991
33
958

4,250
2,881
556
492
64
814
41
773

3,925
2,534
506
466
40
885
33
851

3,404
1,163
2,241

3,454
1,231
2,223

2,813
901
1,912

2,774
948
1,826

2,633
895
1,738

2,577
934
1,643

591
262
329

680
283
397

553
259
294

647
278
369

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

18,466
675

361
3,660

N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




3,884
266
164
100
137
569
2,647

133
58
187

541
2,561

6,939
43

used in the household survey.

29

29
3,526
304

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Women

Men

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

130,735
100.0

132,552
100.0

70,348
100.0

70,877
100.0

60,387
100.0

61,675
100.0

29.5
14.3
15.2
29.4
3.3
12.0
14.1
13.4
.6
1.8
10.9
11.1
14.0
5.9
4.2
3.9
2.6

30.6
15.0
15.6
29.2
3.2
12.1
13.9
13.4
.6
1.8
11.0
11.0
13.2
5.5
3.9
3.8
2.6

27.8
14.7
13.1
19.5
2.9
11.1
5.5
10.1
.1
2.7
7.3
19.1
19.6
6.8
6.9
5.9
4.0

28.8
15.4
13.5
19.9
3.0
11.6
5.3
9.8
.1
2.7
7.0
18.6
18.9
6.6
6.6
5.7
3.9

31.6
13.9
17.7
41.0
3.8
13.1
24.1
17.2
1.3
.7
15.2
1.9
7.4
4.9
1.0
1.5
1.0

32.6
14.5
18.1
39.9
3.5
12.6
23.8
17.6
1.2
.7
15.7
2.2
6.7
4.2
.8
1.6
1.1

110,343
100.0

111,439
100.0

60,299
100.0

60,731
100.0

50,044
100.0

50,708
100.0

30.6
15.2
15.5
29.4
3.3
12.3
13.8
12.4
.6
1.6
10.1
11.6
13.1
5.5
4.0
3.7
2.9

31.6
15.7
15.9
29.4
3.2
12.5
13.7
12.1
.6
1.6
9.9
11.5
12.6
5.1
3.8
3.6
2.8

28.8
15.5
13.3
19.5
2.8
11.5
5.2
9.3
.1
2.6
6.6
19.8
18.3
6.4
6.5
5.5
4.3

29.9
16.3
13.6
19.8
2.9
11.9
5.0
8.9
.1
2.5
6.3
19.3
17.9
6.2
6.3
5.4
4.2

32.9
14.7
18.2
41.3
3.8
13.3
24.2
16.1
1.3
.5
14.3
1.8
6.8
4.4
1.0
1.5
1.1

33.7
15.0
18.6
40.8
3.5
13.2
24.1
15.9
1.2
.5
14.2
2.1
6.2
3.9
.8
1.5
1.3

14,429
100.0

14,979
100.0

6,844
100.0

6,941
100.0

7,585
100.0

8,038
100.0

20.5
8.8
11.7
29.2
2.9
9.4
16.9
20.2
.7
3.0
16.6
8.3
20.6
8.4
6.4
5.8
1.0

21.6
9.8
11.9
27.9
3.1
9.0
15.9
22.6
1.0
3.0
18.6
8.3
18.3
7.2
5.6
5.5
1.3

17.0
8.2
8.8
17.6
2.4
7.5
7.7
15.6
4.1
11.6
15.5
32.2
9.4
12.4
10.4
2.0

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

30

17.5
8.3
9.1
19.0
3.3
8.3
7.5
16.7
.1
4.7
11.9
15.4
29.0
9.0
10.7
9.3
2.5

23.7
9.4
14.3
39.8
3.4
11.2
25.2
24.3
1.2
2.0
21.1
1.9
10.2
7.5
1.1
1.6
.2

25.2
11.0
14.2
35.6
2.9
9.5
23.2
27.7
1.8
1.6
24.4
2.2
9.0
5.6
1.1
2.3
.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
April 1999
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminisPrivate
trative
cians
ployed
ProfesOther
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
service1
and
hold
including
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

3,320
526
8,583
20,180
12,468
7,712

91
74
1,367
3,050
1,873
1,178

81
44
167
1,910
1,248
662

9,233
27,092
4,992
22,100

1,330
2,674
634
2,041

589
590
149
441

8,802
48,909
906
48,003
32,890
5,908

2,706
7,150
3
7,147
4,346
1,383

334
16,053
2
16,051
13,936
932

Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

18
5
53
772
395
378

131
33
362
1,917
1,142
775

20
6
23
234
104
130

24
218
5,043
3,956
2,827
1,129

10
18
120
5,841
3,351
2,490

41
95
456
694
422
272

22
17
895
1,111
591
520

2,824
2
14
74
71
4

264
343
226 11444
53 2,073
173 9,371

2,289
2,157
753
1,405

313
5,242
27
5,215

1,293
1,427
259
1,167

96
269
95
174

2,191
1,111
499
612

521
1,858
395
1,463

4
95
57
38

2,189
1,236

2,816
7,445
12
7,433
5,483
1,291

257
9,146
41
9,104
5,690
1,725

194
2,208
8
2,200
519
170

14
878

13
544
1
544
287
87

26
560
11
549
89
44

57
356
12
344
81
27

59
14
83
619
445
174

195
2,518
2
2,517
2,055
218

1,236
238
13

1

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

813
813

used in the household survey.

31

878
166
17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
April 1999
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,925
175
61
113
326
453
449
310
136
77

1,367
20
6
15
24
221
312
277
279
235

28
9
4
5
2
4
1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,460
138
45
93
246
375
329
219
89
64

1,032
19
5
15
17
177
224
194
210
189

13
8
4
4

465
37
17
20
80
79
121
91
46
12

335
1
1
_
6
43
88
82
69
46

15
1

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

9
3

3
1

1
2
4
1
5
2

Other
private
industries

Government

Unpaid
family
workers

120,331
6,499
2,479
4,020
12,043
28,625
33,296
25,410
11,521
2,937

101,379
6,198
2,379
3,820
10,984
24,977
27,852
19,713
9,191
2,464

899
117
69
49
106
152
200
157
107
60

100,479
6,081
2,310
3,771
10,878
24,825
27,652
19,556
9,083
2,403

18,952
301
101
200
1,059
3,648
5,444
5,697
2,330
474

8,839
29
18
11
268
1,512
2,606
2,425
1,375
624

62
3
3
1
3
4
18
11
13
10

63,001
3,233
1,209
2,025
6,026
15,323
17,718
12,999
6,117
1,585

54,896
3,129
1,170
1,959
5,572
13,708
15,458
10,639
5,024
1,367

76
18
5
13
8
4
10
17
13
6

54,820
3,110
1,164
1,946
5,564
13,704
15,448
10,622
5,011
1,361

8,106
105
39
66
454
1,615
2,261
2,360
1,094
218

5,360
13
10
3
154
871
1,535
1,483
885
419

12
3
3
1
3

57,329
3,266
1,271
1,995
6,018
13,302
15,577
12,411
5,403
1,352

46,483
3,070
1,209
1,861
5,412
11,269
12,394
9,074
4,167
1,096

824
99
63
36
98
148
190
140
95
55

45,659
2,971
1,146
1,825
5,315
11,121
12,205
8,934
4,072
1,042

10,847
197
62
135
605
2,033
3,183
3,337
1,236
255

3,480
16
8
8
114
641
1,072
942
490
206

50

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




Private
household
workers

Selfemployed
workers

used in the household survey.

32

6

4
18
11
13
4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23.

Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
April 1999
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

128,716

3,232

125,484

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

29,868
1,224
5,242
15,007
8,394

958
61
223
486
188

28,910
1,163
5,019
14,522
8,206

23.2
1.0
4.1
11.7
6.5

29.6
1.9
6.9
15.0
5.8

23.0
.9
4.0
11.6
6.5

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

98,847
8,727
49,150
40,970
14,566
15,366
11,039

2,274
196
832
1,246
219
404
623

96,574
8,531
48,318
39,725
14,347
14,962
10,416

76.8
6.8
38.2
31.8
11.3
11.9
8.6

70.4
6.1
25.7
38.5
6.8
12.5
19.3

77.0
6.8
38.5
31.7
11.4
11.9
8.3

39.6
43.8

41.2
47.9

39.6
43.7

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

29,868

7,978

21,890

28,910

7,721

21,189

3,316
1,926
1,082
160
149

1,214
960

2,102
965
1,082
55

3,130
1,835
1,051
102
142

1,122
912

2,008
923
1,051
34

26,552
811
6,085
768
7,247
2,051
2,704
64
349
6,473

6,764
68
851

19,788
743
5,234
768
7,141
2,051

6,599
68
834

2,704
64
349
2,622

3,851

25,780
800
5,922
697
7,092
1,933
2,678
64
299
6,295

2,678
64
299
2,561

3,734

23.1
20.9

23.8
25.7

22.7
19.2

23.2
21.0

24.0
25.7

22.8
19.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




105
149

105

used in the household survey.

33

67
142

95

19,181
732
5,088
697
6,997
1,933

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricuitural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

125,484

28,910

Wage and salary workers

117,064

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,130

6,599

19,181

96,574

39.6

43.7

26,361

2,802

6,150

17,409

90,703

39.5

43.4

499

46

9

34

3

452

48.0

48.3

6,857

1,109

264

459

386

5,748

40.9

42.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,310
11,972
7,338

1,992
1,115
876

262
103
159

1,044
676
369

685
337
349

17,319
10,857
6,462

42.8
43.3
42.0

43.7
43.9
43.3

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,538
24,747
7,980

1,260
8,089
1,206

130
881
70

482
960
435

647
6,248
701

7,278
16,658
6,774

42.4
37.0
40.8

44.3
43.6
42.9

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

43,387
871
42,516
5,746

11,870
517
11,353
789

1,134
68
1,066
52

2,292
58
2,234
444

8,444
391
8,053
293

31,517
354
31,163
4,957

38.2
27.6
38.4
41.3

43.4
40.9
43.4
42.6

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,358
62

2,524
25

326
2

446
3

1,751
20

5,834
37

40.5

47.2

Mining
Construction

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

34

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

125,484
6,361
2,410
3,952
119,123
12,009
107,113
91,379
15,735

28,910
4,841
2,257
2,584
24,069
4,028
20,041
15,356
4,685

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

66,747
3,175
1,172
2,003
63,572
6,061
57,511
48,837
8,675

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Average hours
Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,130
273
50
223
2,858
490
2,367
2,057
311

6,599
158
16
143
6,441
617
5,824
4,908
915

19,181
4,410
2,191
2,218
14,771
2,922
11,850
8,391
3,459

96,574
1,521
153
1,368
95,053
7,981
87,073
76,023
11,050

39.6
23.1
16.8
26.9
40.5
35.5
41.0
41.6
37.9

43.7
39.6
37.5
39.7
43.7
41.4
44.0
44.0
43.6

10,565
2,287
1,094
1,193
8,278
1,622
6,656
4,602
2,054

1,437
121
25
96
1,315
250
1,066
919
147

3,170
87
8
80
3,083
258
2,825
2,334
491

5,958
2,078
1,061
1,017
3,880
1,114
2,765
1,349
1,416

56,182
888
78
810
55,294
4,439
50,856
44,235
6,621

42.5
24.6
17.5
28.7
43.4
37.7
44.0
44.6
40.5

45.1
40.3
37.9
40.5
45.2
42.5
45.5
45.5
44.9

58,737
3,187
1,238
1,948
55,550
5,948
49,602
42,542
7,060

18,345
2,554
1,163
1,391
15,792
2,406
13,385
10,754
2,631

1,693
151
24
127
1,542
240
1,302
1,138
164

3,429
71
8
63
3,358
359
2,999
2,575
424

13,223
2,332
1,131
1,201
10,892
1,807
9,085
7,042
2,043

40,392
633
75
558
39,759
3,542
36,217
31,788
4,429

36.3
21.6
16.1
25.0
37.1
33.3
37.6
38.1
34.8

41.7
38.5
(1)
38.7
41.7
40.2
41.9
41.9
41.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

105,179
57,043
48,136

24,665
9,079
15,585

2,441
1,155
1,286

5,535
2,798
2,737

16,689
5,127
11,562

80,515
47,964
32,551

39.7
42.7
36.1

43.9
45.3
41.8

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,436
6,657
7,779

3,065
1,057
2,008

535
213
322

812
276
536

1,718
568
1,149

11,371
5,600
5,772

39.0
41.3
37.1

42.2
43.9
40.6

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

40,548
8,272
17,927

4,362
1,077
5,125

637
214
585

1,930
451
789

1,795
412
3,751

36,186
7,195
12,802

44.5
43.2
37.8

45.8
44.7
43.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

31,532
11,617
15,588

9,558
2,730
6,058

656
405
632

1,810
739
879

7,092
1,585
4,546

21,974
8,887
9,531

36.5
38.8
33.9

41.6
42.2
41.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Race

Marital status

1

used in the household survey.

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1999
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

125,372

28,901

39,425
19,352
20,072
37,518
4,136
15,490
17,892
17,229
788
2,253
14,188
14,161
17,039
7,050
5,068
4,921

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,121

6,576

19,204

96,471

39.6

43.7

6,658
2,473
4,186
10,275
861
4,529
4,886
6,842
465
340
6,037
1,804
3,322
964
893
1,464

451
191
260
850
57
433
360
859
62
42
755
358
604
180
149
274

2,098
975
1,123
1,910
234
601
1,075
758
56
93
609
822
988
419
268
301

4,109
1,307
2,802
7,516
571
3,495
3,451
5,225
347
205
4,673
624
1,730
365
476
889

32,766
16,880
15,887
27,243
3,275
10,962
13,006
10,387
323
1,913
8,151
12,357
13,717
6,086
4,175
3,457

42.6
44.4
40.8
37.6
39.2
38.7
36.4
34.4
27.5
42.5
33.5
42.0
40.3
41.0
42.9
36.7

45.5
46.4
44.6
42.6
42.3
45.0
40.7
42.3
40.3
45.3
41.7
43.3
43.0
42.3
45.7
41.3

66,498

10,486

1,425

3,142

5,920

56,012

42.6

45.2

20,049
10,682
9,367
13,788
2,064
8,026
3,698
6,743
43
1,862
4,837
12,850
13,068
4,544
4,565
3,959

2,215
931
1,284
2,444
290
1,440
714
2,000
35
227
1,737
1,522
2,305
474
698
1,133

231
109
121
199
18
125
56
286
11
25
249
312
397
76
123
197

908
426
482
562
107
270
186
231
8
69
154
733
708
242
238
229

1,077
396
681
1,683
165
1,045
472
1,483
16
133
1,334
477
1,200
156
337
707

17,834
9,751
8,083
11,344
1,775
6,586
2,984
4,743
8
1,636
3,100
11,327
10,763
4,070
3,867
2,826

45.8
47.1
44.3
41.8
41.6
43.1
39.0
37.4
43.7
35.1
42.4
41.2
42.4
43.6
37.1

47.6
48.4
46.7
45.2
43.7
47.0
42.3
43.5
(2)
45.7
42.4
43.5
43.8
43.3
45.8
41.7

58,875

18,415

1,697

3,434

13,284

40,460

36.3

41.7

19,375
8,670
10,705
23,730
2,072
7,464
14,194
10,486
745
391
9,351
1,312
3,971
2,506
503
962

4,443
1,542
2,901
7,831
571
3,088
4,171
4,842
429
114
4,300
282
1,017
490
195
331

221
82
139
651
39
307
305
573
51
16
506
45
207
104
26
77

1,190
549
641
1,347
127
331
889
527
48
24
455
90
280
177
31
72

3,032
911
2,121
5,833
406
2,449
2,978
3,742
330
73
3,339
147
530
209
139
182

14,932
7,129
7,804
15,899
1,500
4,376
10,023
5,644
315
277
5,051
1,030
2,954
2,016
308
630

39.2
41.1
37.7
35.2
36.9
33.9
35.7
32.5
27.9
36.9
32.7
38.8
37.4
38.5
36.9
34.8

43.0
43.7
42.5
40.8
40.6
42.0
40.3
41.3
40.8
43.0
41.2
41.7
40.5
40.3
44.1
39.4

(2)

N O T E : Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Average hours

36

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,988
984
443
1,561

2,959

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,215
772
342

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

616
136

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Thousands of
persons
Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Unemployment
rates
Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

417
1,542

4.1
2.2
4.8
7.7

4.0
2.3
4.5
7.5

2,655
866
607
1,183

2,729
902
627
1,199

4.2
2.6
4.9
7.1

4.2
2.6
4.9
6.9

2,204
791
333
1,079

3.5
2.0
4.4
6.7

3.5
2.0
4.4
6.5

1,822
701
425
695

1,990
744
465
781

3.5
2.4
4.3
5.6

3.8
2.5
4.6
6.1

8.3

395

552
128
64
360

4.1
6.8
13.7

7.4
3.7
5.2
12.8

731
116
160
455

628
125
129
373

8.8
4.4
7.5
12.9

7.2
4.4
6.0
10.2

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,943
927
416
600

1,861
940
399
522

3.1
2.2
4.6
5.5

3.0
2.2
4.4
4.7

1,775
769
564
442

1,816
838
590
388

3.3
2.4
4.7
5.2

3.4
2.6
4.7
4.4

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,452
722
322
408

1,419
740
317
362

2.7
1.9
4.3
4.8

2.6
2.0
4.3
4.2

1,213
621
386
205

1,326
688
435
203

2.8
2.2
4.0
3.5

3.0
2.4
4.4
3.4

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

379

300
119
62
119

6.1
4.0
6.4
9.7

4.7
3.6
5.0
6.7

481
103
157
221

424
117
125
182

7.0
4.1
7.4
9.8

5.9
4.3
5.9
7.7

1,102

1,001

85

129
78
172

NOTE: Beginning in 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in




the household survey.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Total
Apr.
1999

5,643

5,688

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.2

620
290
330

686
373
313

1.6
1.5
1.6

1.7
1.8
1.5

1.6
1.5
1.6

1.5
1.5
1.5

1.6
1.6
1.6

1.8
2.2
1.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,407
84
682
641

1,496
100
721
675

3.5
1.9
4.2
3.4

3.7
2.3
4.3
3.5

3.1
1.8
3.3
3.2

3.0
2.3
2.8
3.8

3.8
2.0
5.0
3.4

4.2
2.3
5.9
3.5

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,131
54
87

990

1,074
63
72
939

6.1
6.2
3.6
6.5

5.7
7.2
3.0
6.0

6.4
(2)
3.2
7.5

5.8
(2)
2.8
7.0

5.9
6.1
5.4
5.9

5.6
7.6
3.6
5.5

580
149
298
133

575
128
281
167

3.8
3.0
5.1
3.1

3.8
2.5
4.7
4.1

3.8
2.9
5.0
2.9

3.8
2.6
4.6
4.2

4.7
4.6
10.6
4.2

3.7
1.2
7.2
3.8

1,219
477
283
459
116
343

1,177
406
243
528
174
354

6.3
5.8
4.9
8.3
12.9
7.5

6.3
5.3
4.4
9.5
17.1
7.8

6.0
4.8
5.1
8.4
12.7
7.4

6.2
4.6
4.6
9.7
15.8
8.1

7.0
7.3
3.9
7.9
(2)
7.5

6.5
6.5
3.3
8.2
(2)
6.6

Farming, forestry, and fishing

193

233

5.4

6.3

4.4

5.0

9.7

11.5

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

479
323

427
308
53
66

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

68
87

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Apr.
1999

Women

Apr.
1998
Total, 16 years and over1

Apr.
1998

Men
Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

38

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Women

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

5,643

5,688

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.2

4,516

4,496

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.4

4.4

Mining
Construction

14
492

41
551

2.4
7.0

7.5
7.8

2.7
7.4

8.2
7.9

3.0

3.1
6.9

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

812
439
54
40
18
32
44
84
69
55
30
25
9
36

687
396
41
18
10
14
35
75
55
70
39
31
27
50

3.9
3.5
6.4
6.0
3.1
4.5
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.3
2.2
2.3
1.1
5.6

3.4
3.1
5.3
2.6
1.5
1.8
2.6
3.0
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.5
7.0

3.4
3.3
5.8
5.8
3.3
3.4
3.1
2.8
4.0
2.1
1.4
3.0
1.1
4.3

3.0
3.0
6.1
2.4
1.0
1.7
2.6
3.3
2.8
2.3
2.6
2.0
3.3
6.8

5.0
4.2
8.5
6.5
2.4
12.8
3.4
4.9
2.7
2.8
4.6
.3
1.1
7.6

4.2
3.4
1.5
3.1
3.5
1.8
2.6
2.1
2.5
5.3
4.5
6.5
3.9
7.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

372
126
36
51
21
53
49
26
11

291
70
21
59
23
59
27
29
3

4.5
7.4
6.2
5.8
2.9
3.0
3.8
2.8
2.9

3.7
4.2
3.6
8.0
3.5
3.4
2.2
3.5
.8

3.7
5.9
4.9
5.6
3.1
1.8
3.7
2.8
1.2

2.8
2.4
3.8
8.2
3.7
2.8
1.7
2.9
.4

5.8
10.5
7.5
6.0
2.3
4.5
4.2
2.8
6.7

5.2
8.0
3.4
7.9
2.6
4.2
3.1
4.7
2.2

252
196
56
1,378
177
1,200
157
1,412
569
843

218
152
66
1,388
172
1,216
230
1,382
488
894

3.3
4.2
1.9
5.2
3.7
5.5
2.0
4.2
2.8
6.2

2.9
3.2
2.3
5.2
3.5
5.6
2.8
3.9
2.3
6.3

3.2
4.3
1.2
5.0
3.7
5.3
1.6
4.2
2.0
6.2

3.0
3.5
2.0
4.2
2.9
4.7
3.1
3.8
1.8
5.5

3.7
4.0
3.3
5.4
3.6
5.7
2.2
4.1
3.1
6.3

2.6
2.4
2.9
6.3
4.8
6.5
2.6
4.0
2.5
7.1

151
498
479

178
587
427

7.0
1.7

8.5
2.0

6.0
1.6

7.3
2.0

10.5
1.8

11.9
1.9

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




Apr.
1998

Men
Apr.
1999

used in the household survey.

39

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Total,
16 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

5,643
2,647
723
1,923
1,381
542
579
1,939
479

5,688
2,633
835
1,797
1,263
534
754
1,874
427

2,453
1,528
404
1,124
821
303
264
618
43

2,385
1,473
481
992
693
299
326
554
32

2,213
969
268
701
507
194
277
855
113

2,250
1,043
297
745
536
210
337
783
87

46.9
12.8
34.1
10.3
34.4
8.5

46.3
14.7
31.6
13.3
33.0
7.5

62.3
16.5
45.8
10.8
25.2
1.8

61.8
20.2
41.6
13.7
23.2
1.3

43.8
12.1
31.7
12.5
38.6
5.1

1.9
.4
1.4
.4

1.9
.5
1.4
.3

2.2
.4
.9
.1

2.1
.5
.8

1.6
.5
1.4
.2

Apr.
1998

White

Black

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

977
150
52
98
53
45
38
466
323

1,052
117
56
61
35
26
91
537
308

4,037
1,975
596
1,380
1,017
363
460
1,283
319

4,194 1,347 1,180
558
2,027
472
706
97
96
375
463
1,321
265
298
926
110
164
395
157
556
91
432
565
1,331
120
133
280

46.3
13.2
33.1
15.0
34.8
3.9

15.3
5.3
10.0
3.9
47.7
33.1

11.1
5.4
5.8
8.6
51.0
29.3

48.9
14.8
34.2
11.4
31.8
7.9

48.3
16.8
31.5
13.2
31.7
6.7

41.5
7.1
34.3
6.8
41.9
9.8

40.0
8.2
31.8
13.3
36.6
10.1

1.7
.6
1.3
.1

2.0
.5
6.2
4.3

1.5
1.2
6.9
4.0

1.7
.4
1.1
.3

1.8
.5
1.2
.2

3.5
.6
3.6
.8

2.9
1.0
2.7
.7

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

40

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
April 1999
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

5 to 14
weeks

Less than
5 weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,688
2,633
835
1,797
1,263
534
754
1,874
427

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.8
40.4
46.8
37.4
34.5
44.2
48.6
40.5
44.3

29.4
29.1
25.0
31.0
31.4
29.9
28.9
29.9
29.7

28.8
30.5
28.3
31.6
34.1
25.9
22.5
29.5
26.0

16.3
20.2
23.0
18.9
20.4
15.2
10.8
14.3
11.1

12.5
10.4
5.3
12.7
13.6
10.7
11.7
15.3
14.9

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,385
1,473
481
992
693
299
326
554
32

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

38.1
36.9
41.5
34.7
31.6
41.9
46.2
34.6

29.5
30.4
25.0
33.0
32.7
33.7
32.4
27.0

32.4
32.7
33.5
32.3
35.7
24.4
21.4
38.5

19.9
22.6
28.7
19.7
20.7
17.2
8.6
19.2

12.4
10.1
4.8
12.6
15.0
7.2
12.8
19.3

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,250
1,043
297
745
536
210
337
783
87

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.6
43.0
52.0
39.4
38.2
42.4
46.6
40.1
20.2

28.6
27.8
25.8
28.6
28.7
28.3
26.3
30.0
35.3

29.7
29.2
22.2
32.0
33.1
29.3
27.1
29.9
44.5

15.0
17.7
15.9
18.4
20.4
13.4
13.4
12.6
10.0

14.7
11.5
6.3
13.6
12.7
15.9
13.8
17.2
34.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

1,052
117
56
61
35
26
91
537
308

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

50.7
61.0

30.6
23.5

18.7
15.5

10.9
11.5

7.8
4.0

Reentrants
N e w entrants

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls

1

1

(

(

)

(

1

1

(

)

)

(

(

>
(1)
64.8
47.3
48.5

>
(1)
26.1
32.9
30.7

>
( )
9.1
11.6
1

9.1
19.8
20.7

8.2
10.9

9.9

used in the household survey.

A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

5,643
2,250
1,734
1,067
667
1,660
754
906

5,688
2,378

100.0
39.9
30.7

100.0
41.8
29.4

100.0

18.5
10.8
28.8

4,505
1,773
1,350
816
534
1,383

100.0
36.3

18.9
11.8

4,484
1,628
1,408
846
562

800
583
255
328

14.7

18.1
11.8
30.7
17.7

17.6
9.3
8.3

12.9
5.7
7.3

1,671
1,055
617

458
448

1,638
928
711
314
396

15.6
8.1

14.0
7.4

29.4
13.4
16.1

8.1
7.9

16.3
12.5
5.5
7.0

1,449
658
791
418
373

16.6
9.1

NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

used in the household survey.

41

14.8
8.3

31.4

18.9
12.5
32.3

39.3
30.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
April 1999
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
1,671
322
314
357
326
208
115
30

1,638
197
217
372
376
307
124
47

928
114
131
200
199
179
78
26

711
82
85
172
177

108

2,378
533
428
524
481
245
136
32

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,959
574
524
634
573
396
203
54

1,203
295
219
246
222
133
76
12

868
164

888

547
71
82
140
101
101
38

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,729
478
434
618
609
363
171
54

1,175
238

209
277
260

803
159
140
194
142

112
60
20

99
52
17

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,194
2,204
1,990

1,856
926
929

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,180
552
628

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ..,
Single (never married)

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,688
1,052
959
1,252
1,183

14.0
9.7
11.2
15.0
15.6
17.7
15.1
21.8

7.4
4.4
6.8
7.6
8.3
10.6

14.1
9.4
11.0
15.7
15.0
17.5
16.7

7.9
4.4
7.7
8.5
8.7
10.2

14

341
44
49
85
67
54
27
15

370
38
37
87
110
74
19
5

13.9
10.1
11.4
14.2
16.2
17.9
13.1

6.9
4.6
5.2
6.7
7.8
11.2

17

381
43
49
60
98
78
40
12

1,212
658
554

1,127
619
508

685
398
287

442
221
221

12.9
13.1
12.6

6.6
7.5
5.6

413
195
218

358
158
200

409
199
210

191
112
78

218
87
132

17.2
16.6
17.8

9.6
9.0
10.3

1,001
417
1,542

367
168
668

292
147
429

343
101
444

240
43
264

102
58
180

15.2
14.4
13.2

9.3
8.4
7.0

902
627

389
241
544

221
191
391

292
195
264

158

134
102
134

14.1
16.6
12.4

7.5
8.8
5.7

759
375

174
163
184
108
63
13

115
131
225
168
155
65
29
751
82
86

146
208
152
59

128
46
20

10.7
12.7

10.7

10.6

Race

Marital status

1,199

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

42

93
130

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
April 1999
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

Total

Weeks

5 to 14
weeks

15 to 26
weeks

Total

Average
(mean)
duration

27 weeks
and over

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY

686
1,496
1,074
575
1,177
233

282
649
473
231
447
103

183
447
321
182
336
63

221
401
281
163
394
67

144
220
132
106
228
50

77
180
149

178
556
689
398
291
730
4,204
737
2,939
384

74
195
278
161
117
80
578
131
702
31

48
142
197
109

39
157

88
101
442
53
437
42

56
219
215
128
86
70
375
55
418
55

115
76
39
33
220
25
225
31

17
63
100
53
47
38
155
29

427

189

127

111

47

14.0
13.3
13.5
13.4
16.0
10.7

8.3
6.9
6.8
8.1
8.5
6.1

193
24

11.2
15.5
15.2
15.6
14.8
16.6
13.0
11.7
13.4
20.5

7.4
10.4
8.4
8.3
8.6
8.5
7.0
4.2
6.7
12.5

64

15.0

6.2

57
166
18

1

Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience

1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Age

Total
Category
Apr.
1998

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year*
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Apr.
1999

16 to 24
years
Apr.
1998

25 to 54
years

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

55 years
and over

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Men

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Women

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

68,352 68,996 12,124 12,542 18,909 18,733 37,320 37,721 25,167 25,628 43,185 43,368
63,451 64,199 10,082 10,560 16,792 16,719 36,578 36,919 23,056 23,576 40,395 40,623
4,901 4,797 2,042 1,982 2,116 2,014
801 2,111 2,052 2,790 2,745
742
939 1,208 1,183
2,779 2,723 1,001
601 1,178 1,080 1,601 1,643
570
2,122 2,074 1,042 1,043
200
831
172
908
933
973 1,190 1,102
538
516
844
817
37
25
242
304
348
345
469
499
148
505
604
526
1,257
590
1,278
588
163
632
690
625
344
934
159
232
92
452

245
1,012
149
246
109
508

112
414
43

219
6
145

69
436
25
206
17
187

183
421
101

13
72
236

142
448
97
40
70
240

48
100
15

34
129
26

198
390

156
468

32
133

14
71

22
81

27
198

38
123
47
260

146
544
127
99
65
254

88
544
111
123
62
248

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




Sex

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37.

Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics

(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Both sexes
Characteristic

Number

Rate

1

Number

Women
Rate

1

Number

Rate1

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

7,930
288
7,642
790
6,851

6.1
4.4
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.3
4.9
5.4
3.1

5.8
3.9
5.9
5.4
5.9
6.1
5.0
5.7
3.0

4,204
126
4,078
358
3,720
3,274
446
375

71

4,012
123
3,889
286
3,603
3,089
514
444
70

6.0
3.8
6.1
5.4
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.4
3.3

5.7
3.6
5.8
4.4
5.9
6.0
5.4
6.1
3.1

3,726
162
3,563
432

6,035
816
699
117

7,648
262
7,386
683
6,703
5,835
868
753
115

3,131
2,761
370
324
45

3,635
139
3,496
396
3,100
2,746
354
309
45

6.2
5.0
6.2
7.3
6.1
6.3
5.0
5.5
3.0

5.9
4.2
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.2
4.6
5.1
2.7

6,873
749
539

6,444
876
429

6.2
5.2
4.1

5.8
5.8
3.2

3,616
412
322

3,385
478
241

6.0
6.0
4.0

5.6
6.9
3.0

3,257
337
218

3,058
398
188

6.5
4.4
4.2

6.0
5.0
3.4

4,466
1,392
2,072

4,346
1,375
1,927

5.9
6.7
6.1

5.7
6.6
5.5

2,700
538
966

2,631
505
877

6.3
6.1
5.2

6.1
5.7
4.6

1,765
854

1,715
870

1,107

1,050

5.3
7.2
7.1

5.1
7.2
6.5

4,523
1,610
266
1,480

4,269

2,631
519
181
839

2,442
496
214
841

1,892

1,827
1,119
67
605

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,615
282

1,446

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




1,091
85
641

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

44

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Unemployed

Employed

Percent of
labor force

Number
Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1999

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,812
6,034
806
2,324
2,904
1,778

7,772
5,608
554
1,937
3,117
2,164

6,560
5,399
700
2,106
2,593
1,161

6,498
5,013
503
1,730
2,780
1,484

6,393
5,256
683
2,059
2,514
1,137

6,314
4,886
477
1,690
2,718
1,429

168
143
18
46
79
25

184
128
26
40
62
56

2.6
2.7
2.5
2.2
3.1
2.1

2.8
2.5
5.1
2.3
2.2
3.8

20,182
9,162
6,648
4,372

21,049
9,410
7,191
4,448

18,312
8,470
6,068
3,774

19,122
8,726
6,581
3,815

17,760
8,238
5,877
3,644

18,573
8,459
6,396
3,717

552
232
190
130

550
267
185
98

3.0
2.7
3.1
3.4

2.9
3.1
2.8
2.6

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1999, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construc- Manufaction
turing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Services
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages

1947..
1948 ..
1949..

43,857
44,866
43,754

38,382
39,216
37,897

18,509
18,774
17,565

955
994
930

2,009
2,198
2,194

15,545
15.582
14,441

25,348
26,092
26,189

4,166
4,189
4.001

2,478
2,612
2,610

6,477
6,659
6.654

1,728
1,800
1,828

5,025
5,181
5,239

1,892
1,863
1,908

(D
0)
(D

(1)
(1)
(1)

1950 ..
1951 ..
1952 ..
1953..
1954..
1955..
1956..
1957..
1958 ..
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50.202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4.034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6.743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7.831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1.956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

0)
0)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366

1960..
1961 ..
1962..
1963.,
1964.
1965 .
1966.
1967.
1968 .
1969.

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34.142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2.270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1.607
1.668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11.548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

90,406
91,152
89.544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65.655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6.030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19.475

5.160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26.907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690
125,832

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,120
105,970

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,934
25.256

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
592
575

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,686
5,965

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,657
18,716

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,756
100,576

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,395
6,549

6,173
6,081
5,997
5.981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,825

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
22,011
22,475

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,911
7,091
7,341

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,525

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,594
4,648

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12,527

(1)

0)

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1998:
April
May
June
July
August
September...
October
November....
December....
1999:
January
February
MarchP
ApritP

125,234
125,562
125,751
125,869
126,191
126,363
126,527
126,804
127.118

105,470
105,734
105,938
106,043
106,269
106,435
106.579
106,818
107,096

25,339
25,301
25,304
25,135
25,253
25,241
25,209
25,184
25,269

582
579
578
571
571
568
564
560
557

5,930
5,917
5,946
5,970
5,989
5,981
6,012
6,051
6,153

18,827
18,805
18,780
18,594
18,693
18,692
18,633
18,573
18,559

99,895
100,261
100,447
100,734
100,938
101,122
101,318
101,620
101,849

6,513
6,534
6,538
6,550
6,570
6,579
6,595
6,604
6,627

6,798
6,815
6,821
6,827
6,838
6,862
6,864
6,877
6,882

22,335
22,423
22,448
22,547
22,545
22,592
22,589
22,672
22,712

7,289
7,311
7,333
7,370
7,372
7,393
7,417
7,441
7,458

37,196
37,350
37,494
37,614
37,691
37,768
37,905
38,040
38,148

2,674
2,671
2,674
2,672
2,683
2,687
2,713
2,725
2,706

4,620
4,637
4,632
4,645
4,661
4,680
4,671
4,674
4,690

12,470
12,520
12,507
12,509
12,578
12,561
12,564
12,587
12,626

127,335
127,670
127,677
127,911

107,290
107,563
107,548
107,774

25,251
25,266
25,182
25,155

547
539
537
531

6,170
6,249
6,196
6,204

18,534
18,478
18,449
18,420

102,084
102,404
102,495
102,756

6,644
6,653
6,665
6,687

6,907
6,917
6,923
6,934

22,755
22,855
22,831
22,897

7,488
7,495
7,501
7,524

38,245
38,377
38,446
38,577

2,702
2,712
2,709
2,686

4,685
4.711
4,716
4,725

12,658
12,684
12,704
12,726

1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1997) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1994) are
subject to revision.

2




46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Construction

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.77

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
441.84

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.17
16.95

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
734.12
744.11

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9
38.8

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.03
16.56

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
623.57
642.53

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1998:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
1999:
January....
February ..
MarchP
AprilP

34.2
34.6
34.7
34.8
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.7
34.7

$12.69
12.70
12.66
12.66
12.74
12.89
12.92
12.99
12.99

$434.00
439.42
439.30
440.57
447.17
442.13
447.03
450.75
450.75

43.4
44.4
44.0
44.0
44.0
42.9
43.9
43.9
43.7

$16.84
16.73
16.73
16.81
16.94
17.16
17.13
17.34
17.35

$730.86
742.81
736.12
739.64
745.36
736.16
752.01
761.23
758.20

38.0
39.2
39.1
40.1
40.1
37.5
40.0
38.5
39.0

$16.34
16.42
16.44
16.63
16.74
16.76
16.86
16.79
16.84

$620.92
643.66
642.80
666.86
671.27
628.50
674.40
646.42
656.76

34.0
34.3
34.2
34.3

13.09
13.09
13.09
13.12

445.06
448.99
447.68
450.02

42.4
42.7
42.3
43.5

17.28
17.13
17.09
17.01

732.67
731.45
722.91
739.94

37.8
37.9
37.6
38.6

16.72
16.63
16.76
16.83

632.02
630.28
630.18
649.64

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970..
1971 ..
1972..
1973..
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978..
1979 .,

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980.,
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.93
15.34

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.72
605.93

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.44
14.01

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.10
537.98

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1998:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
1999:
January
February ...
MarchP
AprilP

40.8
41.8
41.8
41.1
41.7
41.5
41.9
42.1
42.6

$13.46
13.47
13.44
13.37
13.44
13.60
13.54
13.60
13.69

$12.83
12.78
12.74
12.70
12.73
12.88
12.82
12.87
12.94

$549.17
563.05
561.79
549.51
560.45
564.40
567.33
572.56
583.19

39.1
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.9
39.3
39.3
39.7
39.1

$15.27
15.21
15.22
15.31
15.33
15.46
15.43
15.53
15.54

$597.06
600.80
602.71
607.81
611.67
607.58
606.40
616.54
607.61

38.1
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.7
38.1
38.3
38.7
38.4

$13.90
13.96
13.89
13.99
14.13
14.10
14.13
14.28
14.27

$529.59
536.06
531.99
535.82
546.83
537.21
541.18
552.64
547.97

41.3
41.3
41.4
41.6

13.66
13.66
13.72
13.80

12.98
13.00
13.03
13.09

564.16
564.16
568.01
574.08

38.8
39.0
38.9
38.7

15.61
15.59
15.54
15.63

605.67
608.01
604.51
604.88

38.0
38.3
38.3
38.4

14.36
14.33
14.23
14.18

545.68
548.84
545.01
544.51

See footnotes at end of table.




48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS

B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86

114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.1

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34
8.75

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03
254.63

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.33
14.06

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.21
511.78

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.7

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.84

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
419.87

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1998:
April

May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
1999:
January ....
February ..
MarchP
AprilP

28.7
29.0
29.3
29.8
29.9
29.1
28.9
28.9
29.3

$8.70
8.71
8.70
8.71
8.74
8.90
8.86
8.87
8.90

$249.69
252.59
254.91
259.56
261.33
258.99
256.05
256.34
260.77

36.1
36.1
36.0
36.1
36.9
35.9
36.1
36.9
36.2

$13.98
13.99
13.93
13.94
14.11
14.10
14.20
14.42
14.40

$504.68
505.04
501.48
503.23
520.66
506.19
512.62
532.10
521.28

32.4
32.5
32.7
32.9
33.2
32.3
32.6
32.8
32.6

$12.77
12.75
12.70
12.67
12.75
12.97
13.01
13.15
13.18

$413.75
414.38
415.29
416.84
423.30
418.93
424.13
431.32
429.67

28.1
28.6
28.6
28.8

9.02
9.00
8.98
8.96

253.46
257.40
256.83
258.05

36.0
36.3
36.1
36.0

14.47
14.55
14.53
14.62

520.92
528.17
524.53
526.32

32.3
32.5
32.4
32.5

13.30
13.32
13.33
13.34

429.59
432.90
431.89
433.55

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are
subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998

1999

Industry
Apr.
Total
Total private

May

125,234 125,562

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

25,751 125,869 126,191 126,363 126,527 126,804 127,118 127,335 127,670

Mar.P

Apr.P

27,677

27,911

105,470 105,734 105,938 106,043 106,269 106,435 106,579 106,818 107,096 107,290 107,563 107,548 107,774
25,339

25,301

25,304

25,135

25,253

25,241

25,209

25,184

25,269

25,251

25,266

25,182

25,155

582
51
92
332
107

579
51
92
329
107

578
51
90
330
107

571
50
89
325
107

571
50
90
323
108

568
50
89
321
108

564
50
89
317
108

560
50
90
312
108

557
50
90
308
109

547
51
89
299
108

539
51
88
292
108

537
50
87
293
107

531
50
85
288
108

5,930
1,385
819
3,726

5,917
1,388
819
3,710

5,946
1,401
821
3,724

5,970
1,410
828
3,732

5,989
1,413
829
3,747

5,981
1,410
820
3,751

6,012
1,419
825
3,768

6,051
1,414
834
3,803

6,153
1,433
861
3,859

6,170
1,448
862
3,860

6,249
1,460
864
3,925

6,196
1,458
846
3,892

6,204
1,446
855
3,903

18,827

18,805

18,780

18,594

18,693

18,692

18,633

18,573

18,559

18,534

18,478

18,449

18,420

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment.
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,170
802
524
561
718
1,498
2,201
377

11,156
803
526
559
716
1,495
2,201
376

11,144
801
524
562
717
1,490
2,202
375

10,989
802
528
561
706
1,477
2,193
375

11,106
802
526
564
714
1,490
2,190
373

11,090
805
524
564
712
1,487
2,185
374

11,059
806
524
564
706
1,486
2,175
371

11,011
809
524
568
699
1,481
2,162
370

10,996
813
527
571
698
1,480
2,152
367

10,974
818
527
568
694
1,484
2,133
359

10,948
819
528
571
694
1,480
2,131
358

10,935
819
529
568
693
1,478
2,123
356

10,917
817
529
569
693
1,475
2,119
358

1,720

1,716

1,714

1,701

1,694

1,688

1,680

1,668

1,664

1,657

1,653

1,654

1,653

678
1,890
1,004
525
867
389

677
1,886
998
524
866
388

672
1,882
993
524
864
388

667
1,772
878
526
861
388

661
1,884
995
526
857
385

659
1,883
995
524
855
387

654
1,887
1,000
523
850
381

649
1,877
998
519
845
378

646
1,871
990
518
842
378

642
1,874
996
516
841
378

642
1,856
985
509
839
377

643
1,858
988
509
836
377

642
1,850
993
503
833
379

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

7,657
1,708
42
605
787
686
1,565
1,035
137
1,008
84

7,649
1,710
41
603
780
685
1,566
1,039
136
1,006
83

7,636
1,706
40
599
776
682
1,570
1,037
137
1,006
83

7,605
1,696
40
594
772
680
1,571
1,038
135
998
81

7,587
1,690
40
591
762
680
1,568
1,036
134
1,006
80

7,602
1,704
39
593
761
679
1,568
1,036
135
1,007
80

7,574
1,702
40
589
746
677
1,569
1,034
134
1,004
79

7,562
1,710
40
584
736
674
1,566
1,035
134
1,005
78

7,563
1,718
39
581
734
673
1,561
1,035
136
1,008
78

7,560
1,723
40
578
727
672
1,563
1,032
134
1,014
77

7,530
1,718
39
573
714
672
1,560
1,033
134
1,012
75

7,514
1,715
39
570
711
670
1,559
1,030
134
1,012
74

7,503
1,714
37
565
705
670
1,557
1,031
134
1,017
73

Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building ...
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing .

Service-producing .

99,895 100,261 100,447 100,734 100,938 101,122 101,318 101,620 101,849 102,084 102,404 102,495 102,756

Transportation and public utilities ...
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities ..
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .

6,513
4,173
231

6,534
4,191
232

6,538
4,196
232

6,550
4,208
231

6,570
4,235
232

6,579
4,237
234

6,595
4,247
234

6,604
4,249
231

6,627
4,262
233

6,644
4,273
236

6,653
4,276
234

6,665
4,287
234

6,687
4,307
232

453
1,702
181
1,147
14
445
2,340
1,484
856

459
1,703
185
1,151
14
447
2,343
1,486
857

458
1,709
183
1,154
14
446
2,342
1,488
854

466
1,709
188
1,154
14
446
2,342
1,488
854

469
1,719
192
1,161
14
448
2,335
1,483
852

466
1,716
191
1,166
14
450
2,342
1,490
852

467
1,721
191
1,167
14
453
2,348
1,498
850

468
1,721
193
1,167
14
455
2,355
1,502
853

468
1,730
191
1,169
14
457
2,365
1,512
853

467
1,741
190
1,168
14
457
2,371
1,522
849

469
1,740
189
1,176
14
454
2,377
1,528
849

470
1,746
185
1,183
14
455
2,378
1,528
850

All
1,751
188
1,187
14
458
2,380
1,533
847

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods ....

6,798
4,050
2,748

6,815
4,059
2,756

6,821
4,067
2,754

6,827
4,072
2,755

6,838
4,084
2,754

6,862
4,094
2,768

6,864
4,096
2,768

6,877
4,102
2,775

6,882
4,104
2,778

6,907
4,116
2,791

6,917
4,129
2,788

6,923
4,131
2,792

6,934
4,137
2,797

See footnotes at end of table.




50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

22,335
971
2,784
2,447
3,533

22,423
972
2,788
2,462
3,542

22,448
975

22,545
979
2,784
2,459
3,551

22,592
984
2,800
2,466
3,557

22,589
987
2,481
3,554

22,672
991
2,842
2,504
3,558

22,712

2,784
2,457
3,538

22,547
977
2,790
2,454
3,552

3,561

22,755
1,003
2,847
2,514
3,548

22,855
1,012
2,842
2,510
3,561

22,831
1,014
2,860
2,527
3,565

22,897
1,008
2,838
2,515
3,572

2,337
1,058
1,105
1,045
7,681
2,879

2,345
1,060
1,106
1,055
7,714
2,901

2,351
1,064
1,108
1,058
7,726
2,908

2,355
1,066
1,111
1,063
7,781
2,918

2,354
1,064
1,112
1,070
7,770
2,925

2,361
1,065
1,109
1,071
7,790
2,920

2,367
1,067
1,101
1,076
7,778
2,914

2,370
1,069
1,105
1,082
7,807
2,917

2,377
1,073
1,101
1,084
7,854
2,915

2,384
1,074
1,108
1,094
7,838
2,933

2,398
1,078
1,125
1,103
7,860
2,954

2,397
1,081
1,123
1,108
7,800
2,964

2,403
1,087
1,120
1,117
7,864
2,975

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,289

7,311
3,536
2,044
1,463
264
611

7,333
3,547
2,042
1,459
264

7,417
3,598
2,043
1,456
265
640
305
666

7,441
3,605
2,043

7,458
3,615
2,046
1,457
264
652
313
666

7,488
3,628
2,051
1,460
266

7,495
3,632
2,052

7,501

7,524
3,655
2,056

1,461
266
661
316

239
2,312
1,574

641
240
2,320
1,579

7,372
3,572
2,042
1,457
264
628
294
657
245
2,339
1,595

7,393
3,578
2,038

616
284
648
241
2,328
1,586

7,370
3,565
2,042
1,459
265
624
289
655
244
2,337
1,594

251
2,363
1,613

1,461
265
672
322
673
254
2,372

1,612

1,460
266
664
320
667
254
2,369
1,614

738
1,456

741
1,455

742
1,458

743
1,468

744
1,461

Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations

37,196
706
1,767
1,186
8,422

37,350
700
1,769

37,494
706

37,614
713
1,781

37,691
718
1,786

1,190
8,491
975

1,186
8,556
975
3,189
2,853

1,184

1,185
8,619

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

3,521
2,041
1,463
263
605
278
636

965

281

3,140
2,806

3,156

1,561

1,578

1,146
383
563

1,153
385

1,660
9,873
1,801
1,760

3,938
687
972

2,192

2,818

567
1,662
9,887
1,806
1,762

3,945
684
977
2,195

2,595
577
746

2,609
575

92
2,265

91
2,266

3,178

3,212

910
1,011

913
1,029

19,764
2,674
1,814
4,620
1,925
2,695

19,828
2,671
1,810
4,637
1,932
2,705
12,520
7,053
5,467

12,470
7,023
5,447

749

1,773

8,565
980
3,151
2,815

9,905

1,622
1,162
385
564
1,694
9,902

1,813
1,761

1,817
1,756

3,953
683
980
2,200
2,627

3,960
673
984
2,205
2,657
583
749

1,601
1,159
387
554
1,670

581
747

91
2,270
3,234
921

1,037
19,813
2,674
1,813
4,632
1,933
2,699
12,507
7,045
5,462

978
3,178
2,850
1,632
1,167
386
566
1,705

9,919
1,828
1,754
3,966
670
985

2,198
2,632
586
752

264
630
298
662
248
2,346
1,599

649

659

Apr.P

3,638
2,053

249
2,350

1,601

1,606

251
2,360
1,610

747
1,469

749
1,469

751
1,479

750
1,483

750
1,497

753
1,498

755
1,494

759
1,497

37,768
719
1,781
1,179
8,605

37,905
722
1,783
1,178
8,677
987

38,040
737
1,777

38,148
751
1,186
8,756

38,377
763
1,778
1,176
8,846

38,446
754

1,180

3,161

3,177
2,840

991
3,202
2,857

38,245
758
1,780
1,186
8,792
1,000
3,218
2,866

999
3,245
2,890

998
3,250
2,897

38,577
755
1,776
1,183
8,925
1,003
3,269
2,915

1,691
1,177

1,709
1,183

1,725
1,189

1,734
1,188

1,750
1,188

393
564

396
559

395
569

395
567

396

1,742
9,955

1,748

1,746

1,759

9,959

1,845
1,751

1,856
1,753

1,746
9,976
1,859
1,751

10,013
1,869
1,748

3,980
661
997
2,252
2,686
589
766

3,978
652
997
2,240
2,697
592
770

3,985
660
1,000
2,262
2,711
597
774

9,990
1,864
1,749
3,988
662
1,001
2,270
2,718
598
776

1,005
2,271
2,727

94
2,283
3,338
934
1,098

94
2,290
3,367
937
1,113

2,293
3,380

94
2,298
3,410
946

1,119

94
2,298
3,399
943
1,132

20,022
2,706
1,818
4,690
1,957
2,733
12,626
7,133
5,493

20,045
2,702
1,825
4,685
1,947
2,738
12,658
7,155
5,503

20,107
2,712
1,836
4,711
1,969
2,742
12,684
7,171
5,513

20,129
2,709
1,832
4,716
1,971
2,745
12,704
7,189
5,515

20,137
2,686
1,810
4,725
1,977
2,748
12,726
7,198
5,528

986
3,152
2,818

1,643
1,168
388
568
1,717
9,937
1,835
1,758

2,829

1,680

1,718

1,744

9,947
1,843

9,955
1,849
1,753
3,978
661
994
2,245
2,672
586
764

1,755

3,977
662
995
2,238

92
2,281

92
2,276
3,280
926

19,826
2,672
1,810
4,645
1,938
2,707
12,509
7,078
5,431

19,922
2,683
1,816
4,661
1,949
2,712
12,578
7,128
5,450

19,928
2,687
1,813
4,680
1,960
2,720

1,066

12,561
7,088
5,473

8,715
989

1,661
1,169
389
567

3,971
667
991
2,218
2,652
583
758

92
2,273
3,264
927
1,055

51

1,455
265

Mar.P

310
663
250
2,357

91
2,272
3,259
925
1,052

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997




1,456

2,812

997
2,823
2,490

Feb.

2,659
583
762

3,293
927
1,075
19,948
2,713
1,834
4,671
1,949
2,722
12,564
7,083
5,481

1,175
391
563

94

2,279
3,321
932
1,092
19,986
2,725
1,845
4,674
1,945
2,729
12,587
7,114
5,473

1,776

314
667

665
254
2,365

94
942

1,779
1,175
8,874

1,613

579

3,995
665

598
778

1,136

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998

1999

Industry
Feb.
Total
Total private .
Goods-producing

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

60,308 60,380 60,460 60,689 60,791 60,893 61,008 61,130 61,184 61,258 61,411 61,520 61,698
49,306 49,369 49,446 49,626 49,725 49,854 49,893 49,975 50,024 50,095 50,187 50,293 50,433
6,767

6,770

6,759

6,762

6,763

6,703

6,722

6,724

6,696

6,671

6,672

6,672

6,652

83

83

82

82

82

81

82

82

80

80

80

80

80

654

655

656

662

669

672

677

676

679

682

685

687

693

6,030

6,032

6,021

6,018

6,012

5,950

5,963

5,966

5,937

5,909

5,907

5,905

5,879

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,979
141
164
107
104
334
486
716
401

2,982
141
165
107
104
334
485
716
402
(1)
171

2,980
141
166
106
105
334
485
712
404
(1)
171

2,976
141
166
107
103
334
482
710
406
(1)
171

2,976
142
167
107
105
334
482
708
406
(1)
170

2,938
143
168
107
102
334
478
702
360
(1)
169

2,954
143
167
107
104
336
475
697
402
(1)
169

2,951
144
166
106
104
336
474
695
404
(1)
169

2,941
144
167
107
104
336
472
687
406

2,920
145
168
106
103
335
468
679
402

166

2,923
145
166
106
104
334
469
681
403
(1)
165

165

2,918
146
168
105
102
336
463
677
406
(1)
166

2,910
147
168
105
102
336
462
674
402
(1)
165

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

3,051
559

3,050
559
13
278
583
168
706
330
24
344
45

3,041
560
14
279
575
167
705
330
24
343
44

3,042
562
13
279
571
167
707
332
24
343
44

3,036
560
13
277
567
167
710
331
24
343
44

3,012
548
12
276
565
165
710
333
23
338
42

3,009
554
12
274
557
165
707
332
23
343
42

3,015
559
12
275
555
165
708
333
23
343
42

2,996
555
13
274
542
165
709
331
23
342
42

2,986
560
13
271
535
163
706
332
23
342
41

2,987
565
13
270
532
164
704
331
24
343
41

2,987
566
13
269
527
164
704
332
24
347
41

2,969
562
13
267
519
163
704
332
24
345
40

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing .

Service-producing

(1)
171

13
280
582
168
705
331
24
344
45

(D

(D

53,541 53,610 53,701 53,927 54,028 54,190 54,286 54,406 54,488 54,587 54,739 54,848 55,046

Transportation and public utilities .

1,948

1,949

1,951

1,960

1,963

1,969

1,980

1,991

2,002

1,999

2,005

2,016

2,032

Wholesale trade

2,077

2,078

2,082

2,089

2,090

2,096

2,096

2,096

2,099

2,104

2,104

2,106

2,112

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .

11,712 11,707 11,720 11,786 11,819 11,884 11,875 11,902 11,898 11,906 11,925 11,954 12,017
4,546

4,563

4,582

4,604

4,593

4,617

4,619

4,629

4,643

4,658

4,671

4,691

4,695

Services

22,256 22,302 22,352 22,436 22,486 22,585 22,601 22,633 22,686 22,757 22,810 22,854 22,925

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,002 11,011 11,014 11,063 11,066 11,039 11,115 11,155 11,160 11,163 11,224 11,227 11,265
1,140 1,137 1,136 1,136 1,142 1,127 1,133 1,137 1,148 1,146 1,153 1,140 1,147
2,367 2,371 2,369 2,375 2,377 2,385 2,397 2,405 2,406 2,406 2,420 2,412 2,425
7,495 7,503 7,509 7,552 7,547 7,527 7,585 7,613 7,606 7,611 7,651 7,675 7,693

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

1998
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Total private

86,282 86,526 86,698 86,787 86,903 87,072 87,188 87,337 87,591 87,698 88,019 87,966 88,128

Goods-producing

18,043 17,989 17,984 17,803 17,896 17,910 17,889 17,855 17,956 17,902 17,987 17,866 17,835

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

440

440

438

434

432

431

428

424

423

411

403

401

397

4,596

4,578

4,603

4,623

4,628

4,614

4,640

4,666

4,770

4,751

4,884

4,781

4,780

13,007 12,971 12,943 12,746 12,836 12,865 12,821 12,765 12,763 12,740 12,700 12,684 12,658

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,666
660
418
436
563
1,132
1,389
1,081
1,279
784
(2)
274

7,642
660
419
436
561
1,127
1,389
1,079
1,267
774
(2)
271

7,626
658
417
438
561
1,122
1,392
1,075
1,262
768
(2)
270

7,468
661
420
438
551
1,111
1,385
1,062
1,138
641
(2)
271

7,577
660
418
440
558
1,118
1,384
1,056
1,245
752
(2)
269

7,584
661
417
441
557
1,120
1,380
1,059
1,251
757
(2)
269

7,566
662
417
441
553
1,118
1,377
1,050
1,257
762
(2)
264

7,522
664
417
444
546
1,115
1,367
1,039
1,243
752
(2)
262

7,519
668
421
447
546
1,114
1,361
1,036
1,240
752
(2)
263

7,494
671
421
444
542
1,117
1,347
1,032
1,235
750
(2)
261

7,478
673
421
447
542
1,111
1,346
1,027
1,226
743
(2)
262

7,480
673
422
444
541
1,111
1,340
1,034
1,230
750
(2)
262

7,464
671
422
446
540
1,109
1,336
1,034
1,221
752
(2)
264

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,341
1,271
33
513
633
524
846
583
90
784
64

5,329
1,273
32
511
627
522
847
584
89
781
63

5,317
1,270
31
509
624
520
848
584
89
780
62

5,278
1,256
30
503
622
516
846
584
89
771
61

5,259
1,249
30
499
613
517
844
581
88
778
60

5,281
1,265
31
502
612
517
844
582
89
780
59

5,255
1,264
31
499
596
515
844
581
89
777
59

5,243
1,272
31
493
587
512
840
581
89
779
59

5,244
1,278
30
491
586
511
836
582
91
781
58

5.246
1,284
31
489
581
510
838
581
89
786
57

5,222
1,282
30
484
571
509
835
580
89
786
56

5,204
1.280
29
483
567
507
832
578
89
784
55

5,194
1,274
28
479
564
508
829
580
88
790
54

Service-producing

68,239 68,537 68,714 68,984 69,007 69,162 69,299 69,482 69,635 69,796 70,032 70,100 70,293

Transportation and public utilities

5,373

5,402

5,401

5,424

5,456

Wholesale trade

5,448

5,457

5,464

5,477

5,479

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

5,472

5,480

5,502

5,497

5,500

5,510

5,518

5,525

5,537

5,528

5,546

5,538

5,547

5,551

5,555

19,596 19,710 19,719 19,817 19,795 19,828 19,825 19,878 19,917 19,962 20,062 20,068 20,113
5,353

5,367

5,391

5,416

5,417

5,426

5,449

5,466

5,477

5,502

5,500

5,504

5,510

32,469. 32,601 32,739 32,850 32,860 32,954 33,053 33,148 33,221 33,269 33,386 33,449 33,569

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,457

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
62.5
50.8
58.0
63.8
54.5

60.0
64.6
61.4
58.7
54.1

54.9
59.6
59.8
59.6
P46.5

55.6
56.6
63.6
56.9
P55.2

47.8
62.8
60.1
56.6

55.6
61.0
54.6
59.0

54.8
57.3
61.1
55.1

59.0
61.5
59.1
53.9

58.0
56.0
60.0
53.5

55.8
62.5
64.3
52.4

54.5
62.2
62.4
54.8

58.8
60.7
64.9
56.6

Over 3-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

63.6
61.9
64.9
68.4
59.0

61.4
62.8
63.3
67.3
P52.5

59.4
64.0
65.6
64.2
P53.2

53.1
63.8
66.2
61.7

55.2
63.5
63.9
60.4

53.2
64.9
61.2
58.4

59.7
64.2
60.1
57.2

60.1
61.5
65.9
56.7

59.1
63.9
67.4
56.0

58.0
64.2
68.1
53.7

56.6
67.0
70.8
57.6

54.6
66.6
71.9
58.1

Over 6-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

66.4
62.8
67.6
72.1
P57.2

60.1
65.4
67.0
70.9

59.1
64.7
65.3
69.4

57.3
65.7
64.9
63.5

59.0
66.2
65.6
64.5

60.1
65.0
67.3
61.8

57.6
66.4
68.0
59.0

60.4
66.0
67.3
58.1

59.7
66.2
70.6
58.1

59.3
67.6
72.3
60.8

61.1
66.9
73.3
58.3

63.2
66.3
72.6
P56.7

63.6
64.5
69.8
71.2

62.4
66.7
67.6
69.5

62.6
64.5
69.2
69.5

63.3
65.6
70.1
66.6

61.7
68.5
69.8
65.2

61.9
67.3
69.8
64.0

58.7
67.7
71.2
62.8

62.2
66.4
71.2
64.2

62.2
68.0
71.1
P61.9

61.5
69.9
73.0
P59.6

63.5
69.1
72.9

65.4
68.3
72.3

1995
1996

1997
1998

1999

Over 12-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

54.7
42.8
49.3
55.8
43.9

54.3
54.7
54.3
51.8
41.4

46.4
48.2
50.0
52.5
P36.7

53.2
42.1
56.8
48.6
P43.9

42.4
55.4
51.4
45.0

44.2
50.7
52.2
47.8

46.4
47.1
50.4
39.6

49.6
55.4
48.9
47.5

48.6
47.8
56.5
43.2

52.2
52.9
57.2
38.8

45.3
54.3
56.1
37.1

48.2
55.4
60.8
45.7

Over 3-month span:
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

56.8
43.9
54.3
60.1
39.9

50.0
46.8
49.3
59.0
P32.0

47.8
46.0
54.3
50.7
P33.5

42.1
47.5
54.0
46.4

43.2
46.4
55.4
43.2

38.8
49.3
50.4
38.8

40.6
51.4
47.5
36.7

43.5
50.0
52.2
34.2

48.2
53.6
57.9
41.4

47.1
51.1
62.6
30.9

45.3
57.6
64.7
35.6

39.9
54.7
65.5
38.1

55.4
42.1
54.3
61.5
P29.5

46.4
45.3
54.3
56.8

42.8
46.4
51.4
52.2

40.3
47.1
52.9
39.2

41.4
48.2
51.4
40.6

42.4
48.6
55.0
34.5

41.0
51.1
56.8
30.9

41.0
50.4
57.6
28.1

43.9
52.9
60.4
31.7

43.2
52.9
64.4
38.5

43.2
53.2
67.6
33.1

45.3
52.2
65.8
P30.2

46.0
43.5
57.2
50.7

44.2
47.5
52.5
51.1

46.0
45.3
54.7
50.4

47.8
45.3
56.5
41.7

41.0
50.4
57.9
38.5

41.7
49.6
57.6
36.7

38.5
50.4
58.6
32.7

38.8
48.6
58.6
32.0

36.3
51.1
60.4
P28.8

38.5
55.0
60.4
P27.3

39.9
54.0
59.4

44.6
51.8
58.3

Over 6-month span:

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Over 12-month span:

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1997 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1997) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1994) are subject to revision.

54

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Total1
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

1,891.2

274.9
2,049.4
1,119.0
13,448.8

1,899.0
274.6
2,055.5
1,118.7
13,486.6

1,904.3 1,911.3 1,916.6 1,918.8 1,917.3 1,916.4 1,916.8 1,923.0 1,927.3 1,929.8 1,930.6
277.2
274.9
274.5
276.3
276.8
276.1
277.5
275.2
275.5
276.6
277.8
2,070.2 2,080.0 2,084.8 2.091.0 2,099.6 2,101.3 2,113.4 2,117.7 2,114.4 2,117.3 2,126.0
1,120.2 1,122.1 1,124.3 1,124.7 1,125.4 1,129.8 1,132.0 1,131.4 1,131.4 1,131.9 1,132.6
13,525.6 13,554.6 13,606.4 13,648.4 13,679.8 13,717.2 13,748.8 13,782.9 13.827.9 13,833.8 13,851.9

614.7
6,580.2

2,030.4
1,638.5
396.2
614.3
6,606.6

2,045.5
1,640.8
397.9
615.2
6,644.0

2,050.6
1,643.3
398.6
616.9
6.675.9

2,063.1
1,649.3
398.5
610.8
6,698.5

2,064.8
1,651.3
401.3
618.7
6,723.1

2,070.0
1,645.8
401.7
617.8
6,751.8

2,073.7
1,651.4
401.8
615.3
6,757.8

2,074.6
1,652.5
403.9
616.4
6,773.0

2,076.2
1,660.3
406.1
615.4
6,791.4

2,085.1
1,660.5
408.1
615.1
6,809.6

2,084.8
1,663.4
408.8
615.3
6,825.1

2,090.0
1.663.5
408.4
615.1
6,837.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,706.1
528.7
518.5
5,851.9
2,897.6

3,702.8
530.0
518.9
5,865.3
2,905.4

3,721.9
530.4
520.2
5,878.7
2,914.2

3,733.3
530.3
520.4
5,886.2
2,921.0

3,741.5
529.3
521.1
5,918.1
2,906.5

3,761.4
531.2
523.2
5,921.4
2,926.6

3,774.8
536.2
522.8
5,921.4
2,937.6

3,772.9
530.7
525.9
5,929.0
2,933.8

3,782.9
528.3
527.1
5,937.5
2,931.5

3,796.3
527.2
532.8
5,947.1
2,940.7

3,800.7
526.5
536.8
5,943.9
2,940.5

3,813.7
527.5
537.2
5,942.8
2,954.5

3,829.7
527.6
537.6
5,946.0
2,958.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,433.0
1,298.0
1,739.1
1,882.3
565.5

1,436.6
1,303.9
1,746.7
1,891.8
567.3

1,441.3
1,309.8
1,749.2
1,896.2
567.1

1,445.4
1,314.0
1,754.2
1,896.3
569.8

1,457.3
1,312.0
1,757.5
1,904.9
570.0

1,454.2
1,316.8
1,761.8
1,905.1
570.2

1,457.1
1,316.3
1,760.6
1,907.9
573.0

1.460.1
1,322.4
1,763.7
1,908.2
574.7

1.460.8
1,328.4
1,763.3
1,913.3
576.1

1,466.9
1,330.6
1,765.6
1,918.3
577.1

1,459.7
1,333.8
1,772.8
1.910.8
578.6

1,467.2
1,334.7
1,773.8
1,909.7
579.9

1,466.0
1,334.5
1,776.0
1,912.4
580.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,310.5
3,163.0
4,501.9
2,542.8
1,125.9

2,305.7
3,166.6
4,507.8
2,551.1
1,130.1

2,309.9
3,170.6
4,516.5
2,557.3
1,130.7

2,315.9
3,172.1
4,520.8
2,564.0
1,132.6

2,329.5
3,183.5
4,466.8
2,563.2
1.141.4

2,334.2
3,185.8
4,525.6
2,568.8
1,134.5

2,339.7
3,187.9
4,535.3
2,559.4
1,133.2

2,342.5
3,189.9
4,540.1
2,578.4
1,134.5

2,346.6
3,191.6
4,543.9
2,584.8
1,133.8

2,346.3
3,198.5
4,547.1
2,592.3
1,134.9

2,355.3
3,193.9
4,541.7
2,593.2
1,135.9

2,361.3
3,203.9
4,537.4
2,589.9
1,135.5

2,362.3
3,211.0
4,551.7
2,589.8
1,136.1

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,665.5
371.0
865.6
909.5
587.0

2,673.8
371.7
872.2
914.5
585.9

2,687.6
372.7
872.5
919.4
586.5

2,694.1
372.0
875.0
923.4
586.9

2,688.4
374.4
882.8
927.7
586.5

2,693.0
374.6
880.1
931.9
586.7

2,698.6
375.1
881.3
934.0
587.8

2,702.8
375.3
882.7
943.3
590.7

2,708.5
376.4
882.6
943.9
591.2

2,717.6
376.8
886.7
946.7
591.5

2,711.8
378.2
880.5
949.9
593.7

2,706.4
378.2
879.6
949.9
595.7

2,704.7
379.8
876.2
951.7
596.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,780.0
719.6
8,193.3
3,730.2
320.5

3,789.8
719.8
8,198.2
3,747.2
319.9

3,797.9
720.0
8,222.7
3,757.3
319.7

3,796.4
720.3
8,231.0
3,758.0
315.9

3,800.9
721.5
8,213.9
3,795.8
316.1

3,808.7
722.6
8,239.6
3,816.9
314.9

3,821.0
722.2
8,258.3
3,806.3
317.0

3,817.3
723.9
8,275.4
3,811.0
317.1

3,821.1
725.3
8,289.1
3,814.5
317.5

3,833.2
725.8
8.311.4
3,823.2
319.3

3,832.7
726.4
8,303.3
3,831.5
319.9

3,840.3
726.7
8.328.0
3,830.3
319.4

3,846.7
729.5
8,333.2
3,827.4
319.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,457.3
1,430.9
1,549.7
5,480.4
455.7

5,469.0
1,437.6
1,550.5
5,483.9
454.8

5,474.9
1,443.0
1,555.7
5,495.2
457.3

5,478.9
1,443.6
1,556.0
5,487.2
456.8

5,445.0
1,440.8
1,557.4
5,503.2
459.9

5,485.3
1,447.0
1,559.5
5,508.2
459.9

5,489.0
1,447.0
1,561.1
5.516.8
462.1

5,497.2
1,449.7
1,565.7
5,508.7
461.5

5,498.2
1.451.6
1,571.2
5,515.5
460.9

5,501.3
1,454.2
1,573.6
5,526.4
461.0

5,489.4
1,455.8
1,578.7
5,518.8
458.3

5,499.2
1,459.9
1,580.1
5,532.1
459.9

5,500.4
1,464.6
1,582.9
5,536.9
460.8

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,769.0
359.1
2,619.5
8.861.5
1,015.0

1,775.8
359.5
2,626.5
8,878.2
1,017.2

1,782.6
360.9
2,633.0
8,908.9
1,020.3

1,786.1
361.0
2,641.3
8,926.6
1.023.3

1,789.2
361.7
2,646.5
8,955.4
1,024.9

1,793.6
361.2
2,657.0
8,978.9
1,027.9

1.800.0
362.1
2,644.4
9,001.5
1,032.3

1,803.2
363.6
2,650.5
9,026.8
1,030.6

1,806.0
363.7
2,653.9
9,046.6
1,034.2

1,812.0
364.9
2,655.8
9,063.9
1,036.9

1,818.8
365.2
2,652.4
9,077.0
1,037.7

1,821.1
366.4
2,652.7
9,099.4
1,040.1

1,822.3
365.7
2,640.5
9,122.9
1,041.4

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

284.6
3,281.1
2,574.2

285.6
3,289.0
2,580.7
713.6
2,709.0
228.6

285.7
3,303.0
2,589.8
727.5
2,714.7
229.5

285.9
3,313.3
2,595.7
717.4
2,717.9
227.3

286.0
3,309.3
2,606.3
717.4
2,712.1
228.6

286.8
3,321.3
2,612.5
718.9
2,722.8
227.5

287.0
3,329.0
2,608.7
721.3
2,718.3
226.6

286.1
3,337.8
2,613.7
722.6
2,720.0
227.3

287.1
3,341.7
2,619.0
722.6
2,725.1
227.4

288.6
3,348.8
2,625.6
724.3
2,731.5
228.0

288.9
3,347.2
2,628.6
726.5
2,727.9
229.1

288.8
3,358.3
2.631.6
728.9
2.730.9
230.3

289.6
3,361.8
2,637.3
726.3
2,734.8
229.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

2,033.8
1,638.4

396.5

714.4
2.699.3
228.0

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

98.9
14.0
139.6
48.0
583.1

101.0
13.7
140.3
48.1
585.6

101.0
13.3
141.9
48.0
591.8

101.9
13.1
143.6
48.0
600.1

102.8
13.2
144.5
47.7
608.7

103.7
13.1
145.2
47.6
612.0

103.0
13.1
147.0
47.6
614.3

103.7
13.2
147.3
48.1
621.5

104.6
13.4
148.9
48.4
625.2

106.2
13.4
150.1
48.4
627.1

107.1
14.1
153.5
49.3
641.7

106.9
13.9
154.0
49.5
632.1

106.5
14.2
154.5
49.2
631.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

128.0
59.2
22.2
9.0
345.0

128.7
58.4
22.2
9.1
347.5

130.3
57.9
22.0
9.1
349.5

131.6
57.7
22.3
9.2
351.8

133.4
57.6
22.2
9.0
352.6

134.1
57.8
22.3
9.0
355.1

136.2
58.3
22.3
9.0
356.3

137.3
58.4
21.9
8.8
357.9

136.7
58.8
22.3
8.8
358.4

135.9
60.5
22.9
8.7
359.7

138.8
61.0
23.9
8.9
361.6

137.4
61.1
24.8
8.9
360.9

138.1
60.9
24.2
8.6
364.3

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

175.1
21.7
31.8
230.0
142.8

174.9
21.8
32.0
236.5
144.2

178.5
21.9
31.9
236.4
145.4

182.0
21.7
31.9
235.7
145.4

183.7
21.4
32.7
240.0
145.2

185.5
21.3
32.8
239.4
144.7

186.1
21.0
32.9
239.3
144.4

187.8
20.5
33.4
240.2
144.9

189.0
20.1
33.8
240.7
145.3

192.1
20.2
34.1
241.8
145.9

192.6
20.7
35.3
243.1
144.4

191.0
20.7
34.1
243.2
145.5

191.7
20.6
34.1
241.5
144.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

61.8
57.9
81.6
126.6
24.6

61.6
61.3
83.8
128.4
25.2

61.9
61.6
83.8
129.0
24.8

62.3
61.8
83.9
128.9
24.8

63.0
62.3
84.4
130.3
24.9

62.8
62.2
84.6
129.4
25.0

62.8
62.0
84.7
128.8
25.1

62.6
62.6
85.5
129.9
25.1

62.1
62.5
84.9
130.7
25.0

62.9
63.8
85.3
130.6
25.1

63.4
64.8
86.2
131.5
26.2

64.2
65.1
87.1
131.7
26.6

62.4
64.1
84.4
133.0
26.7

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

139.2
107.1
185.8
99.9
53.2

139.1
107.9
186.7
101.4
53.5

138.9
106.5
185.8
101.1
53.2

139.7
106.2
185.8
100.9
54.0

142.2
108.0
184.7
101.0
54.4

143.0
108.3
183.6
101.3
55.1

143.4
108.5
184.7
101.9
55.4

143.9
109.0
186.8
103.3
56.0

143.7
109.2
188.3
104.5
56.7

143.8
110.6
189.6
106.5
56.8

144.9
113.1
184.1
107.7
58.1

146.2
114.7
190.4
109.0
58.5

145.3
116.4
191.0
108.7
57.9

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

119.2
19.0
39.1
82.7
23.0

123.5
18.9
40.2
83.7
22.5

124.6
18.9
40.4
85.5
22.4

124.9
18.8
40.3
86.3
22.5

133.5
18.8
41.7
85.8
22.6

128.7
18.7
42.0
86.6
22.8

128.8
18.5
42.0
86.1
22.9

129.4
18.5
42.0
86.3
23.5

132.0
18.6
41.0
86.6
23.7

134.7
18.9
42.7
87.0
24.0

130.0
18.9
41.8
88.6
23.6

132.9
19.3
42.1
87.1
24.2

132.5
19.4
40.6
86.7
24.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

134.8
43.2
280.0
207.4
15.9

135.0
43.7
280.3
212.0
15.8

134.3
43.9
280.1
214.1
15.5

134.6
43.6
281.3
215.5
15.3

135.1
43.7
281.1
216.2
15.1

135.2
43.6
283.0
216.1
14.9

136.0
43.4
283.6
215.5
15.0

135.4
43.6
285.0
217.5
14.9

135.6
43.6
287.9
218.4
14.9

136.7
43.9
290.1
219.3
15.3

137.4
44.2
292.0
220.5
14.5

138.2
44.4
296.8
220.9
15.6

137.8
44.0
295.9
219.0
15.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

225.4
53.5
82.1
217.8
15.5

227.7
54.1
82.3
218.9
15.6

226.2
54.5
81.4
218.0
15.4

226.7
54.4
81.9
219.0
15.3

227.7
54.4
82.5
219.8
15.3

226.8
54.4
82.5
220.6
15.7

226.3
54.7
81.6
220.6
15.8

226.5
54.7
83.7
220.6
15.9

226.8
55.1
83.3
222.3
15.6

227.6
55.5
84.3
224.5
15.8

228.7
55.6
85.6
222.3
15.2

231.5
54.8
85.1
230.7
15.3

227.5
55.3
85.4
229.9
15.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

102.6
15.6
118.4
484.5
66.4

103.6
15.9
120.9
488.5
66.5

105.2
16.3
121.7
491.7
67.1

105.3
16.1
122.5
495.0
67.7

106.3
16.1
123.9
501.6
68.0

106.8
16.0
124.6
503.1
68.7

107.9
15.9
124.9
503.0
69.3

108.6
16.2
125.7
507.1
70.1

108.8
16.2
126.0
508.2
70.7

109.6
16.4
126.8
508.8
71.5

109.8
16.4
128.8
512.5
71.6

110.2
16.6
128.0
518.0
71.2

111.0
16.6
126.4
518.4
70.4

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

14.2
185.5
140.4
34.2
109.6
15.8

14.8
187.0
140.6
34.1
112.7
15.9

14.4
188.1
141.7
34.0
111.9
16.3

14.2
189.1
141.8
34.5
111.7
15.8

14.3
188.8
142.9
34.3
112.5
15.9

14.1
189.7
143.0
33.9
112.9
15.7

14.0
190.4
142.7
34.3
112.8
15.5

13.9
192.1
143.5
34.9
113.5
15.6

13.9
192.4
144.0
35.0
114.9
15.7

14.4
192.9
145.0
35.7
116.7
15.9

15.1
193.0
146.3
35.5
116.2
16.6

15.0
194.7
146.6
36.9
117.7
16.7

15.1
194.1
147.1
34.5
118.6
16.5

See footnotes at end of table.




56

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

1998
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Manufacturing

372.9
14.3

216.6
254.6
1,957.8

379.9
14.3
216.4
253.9
1,959.2

380.4
14.2
216.8
254.1
1,963.3

380.1
13.9
217.3
254.2
1,963.8

380.6
14.2
217.0
253.6
1,963.6

379.6
14.4
217.4
253.7
1,964.6

379.6
14.7
217.8
254.1
1,965.6

377.6
15.1
218.1
254.0
1,965.7

374.4
15.1
218.2
253.8
1,960.6

374.9
13.4
218.6
254.1
1,959.5

375.5
15.7
217.4
254.5
1,959.0

373.1
15.4
217.5
254.2
1,952.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

209.0
280.0
59.6
12.3
493.0

208.7
279.3
59.7
12.4
495.7

208.7
278.4
60.0
12.4
496.1

208.9
277.7
60.2
12.4
497.2

208.3
279.2
58.0
12.4
498.9

207.3
279.3
59.9
12.6
499.1

206.3
278.0
59.8
12.5
499.6

206.3
277.4
60.1
12.5
497.8

206.0
276.4
60.5
12.5
498.0

205.6
275.6
60.6
12.6
498.5

206.0
276.3
59.8
12.1
497.5

206.3
276.0
59.7
12.2
498.0

206.7
276.5
59.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

592.0

592.6
16.4
76.5
977.8
684.4

593.5
16.3
76.5
979.2
684.8

589.6
16.3
76.6
979.6
675.1

595.1
16.2
75.9
978.0
685.1

594.4
16.5
76.0
978.4
684.1

595.2
16.2
75.9
975.8
685.1

595.7
16.2
76.2
973.2
684.6

597.0
16.2
76.1
973.1
684.9

596.3
16.2
75.9
973.1
686.5

596.2
16.2
76.4
974.4
686.9

595.9

978.2
684.6

591.0
16.3
76.3
978.1
684.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

259.5
212.9
319.0
192.9
87.7

260.0
212.9
321.4
192.9
87.7

260.8
213.7
322.0
193.3
87.3

261.4
213.2
321.6
190.6
87.2

263.4
211.1
321.2
190.9
86.5

263.3
213.7
321.6
192.4
86.2

262.9
213.9
321.4
191.8
86.9

263.3
214.1
322.8
191.2
85.9

263.4
214.2
321.9
191.9
85.9

263.6
214.4
321.4
192.0
85.4

262.4
214.8
321.2
191.5
86.6

265.0
214.9
320.3
191.5
86.4

264.8
214.0
320.6
191.5
85.5

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

179.3
453.3
973.9
444.5
244.3

178.3
451.8
974.0
443.9
244.7

178.6
450.8
973.6
444.3
244.9

178.7
449.5
969.9
444.7
245.2

176.4
450.1
915.3
443.5
245.5

176.1
447.1
972.2
444.6
243.7

176.7
445.3
971.5
444.2
244.4

177.2
443.4
970.6
445.1
244.9

176.6
441.5
966.9
445.1
244.3

176.7
440.2
966.7
445.0
244.9

176.5
438.4
962.8
443.9
244.3

177.0
436.4
957.9
443.7
241.4

176.8
435.7
964.3
442.7
241.1

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

419.5
24.3
119.1
41.6

421.5
24.5
120.0
41.5
109.2

422.8
24.7
119.9
42.0
109.0

423.4
24.5
119.7
42.3
108.7

415.5
24.5
119.4
42.5
107.7

423.3
24.5
118.7
42.4
107.2

423.4
24.6
118.6
42.5
107.3

421.6
24.8
118.3
42.5
107.3

419.6
25.0
117.8
42.5
107.3

420.0
25.0
118.0
42.4
107.3

420.6
24.8
118.3
42.1
107.1

417.0
24.9
117.9
41.9
106.8

416.2
25.0

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

480.9
46.0
921.4

480.3
45.7
918.9
830.4
23.9

480.4
45.3
917.7
829.1
24.0

478.6
45.2
917.5
825.8
24.1

475.7
44.8
906.4
826.0
24.0

476.9
44.6
918.8
825.3
24.1

476.2
44.4
917.7
823.8
24.1

474.5
44.1
916.8
821.7
23.8

473.7
44.1
914.6
820.4
24.2

473.6
44.1
915.0
818.4
24.3

474.4
44.3
915.0
817.7
23.9

470.7
44.3
912.5
815.7
23.7

44.4
909.4
813.1
23.7

1,101.1
186.1
247.3
948.4
78.7

1,099.2
186.1
247.4
948.1
78.9

1,096.9
186.9
245.9
947.3
78.9

1,059.4
183.7
244.3
947.2
78.7

1,095.8
186.3
243.2
945.5
78.5

1,096.0
185.9
242.0
942.9
78.6

1,097.7
186.2
241.5
939.8
78.4

1,093.8
186.3
241.7
939.7
78.1

1,091.8
186.1
241.9
938.1
77.9

1,093.6
186.7
242.8
935.3
77.9

1,088.9
186.2
242.2
935.2
78.4

1,086.5
186.7
241.8
934.9
78.7

364.9
49.2
517.5
1,107.2
134.3

364.3
49.3
517.5
1,107.9
133.8

363.4
49.4
516.6
1,108.2
133.7

364.4
49.6
515.3
1,107.5
133.9

362.6
49.7
514.0
1,108.5
133.6

364.5
49.8
512.3
1,107.7
133.6

363.1
49.8
511.2
1,107.2
133.2

363.1
49.8
510.0
1,106.5
134.1

363.2
50.0
509.7
1,106.7
134.1

363.7
50.2
509.8
1,104.5
133.6

362.7
50.1
508.1
1,102.1
133.6

361.5
49.7
506.5

48.1
406.6
380.9
82.3
618.1
10.9

48.2
406.1
381.6
82.9
619.0
10.9

48.4
405.2
382.2
82.6
619.0
10.9

48.4
403.4
381.9
82.7
611.3
10.9

48.5
404.7
380.4
82.2
618.4
11.0

48.5
404.6
378.7
82.0
616.5
10.9

48.5
403.3
376.4
82.2
615.4
10.8

48.5
402.5
375.4
82.2
616.1
10.8

48.8
401.9
374.6
82.1
615.8
10.9

48.5
401.8
373.4
80.5
616.5
10.9

48.3
402.3
371.8
80.9
615.0
11.1

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

380.1
14.6

16.4
76.2
,

109.6

829.2
24.2
1,101.3
185.7

247.9
947.8

79.2
363.3
49.5
518.5
1,107.3
134.2
47.6
407.3
381.4
82.8
619.0

10.9

See footnotes at end of table.




57

217.8
253.8

1,949.6

12.1
498.2

16.0
76.5
972.7
686.0

117.7
42.2
106.3

1,101.4
133.7
48.4
401.7
370.5
81.9
614.4

10.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

92.2
25.4
99.2
67.1
690.7

92.1
25.4
99.7
67.5
694.6

92.5
25.6
100.1
67.4
694.8

92.5
25.5
100.6
67.6
695.0

92.7
25.6
101.0
68.0
695.0

92.7
25.9
101.4
68.2
695.0

92.6
25.7
102.8
68.3
696.2

92.5
25.8
102.8
69.0
697.3

92.6
25.8
103.2
69.1
699.2

92.7
25.9
104.0
69.2
701.8

93.6
25.8
105.0
68.4
705.6

93.9
25.8
104.6
68.6
706.9

93.3
25.9
105.3
68.5
708.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

127.1
75.8
16.1
16.5
331.0

127.6
76.0
15.9
16.3
332.4

128.3
76.2
16.0
16.3
334.1

129.0
76.3
16.0
16.1
334.8

129.6
77.0
16.1
16.1
336.5

130.4
76.8
16.3
16.1
339.2

131.1
70.5
16.5
15.8
341.4

131.4
76.4
16.5
15.8
341.8

132.0
76.2
16.8
15.8
343.0

132.2
76.2
16.9
15.8
344.6

132.1
76.2
17.3
16.1
347.4

132.5
76.6
17.3
16.0
347.3

133.3
76.4
17.3
15.9
347.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

239.6
41.2
25.0
345.4
142.3

240.8
41.1
25.2
346.2
143.0

241.6
41.1
25.4
347.4
143.7

241.1
41.1
25.5
347.4
144.2

242.8
41.4
25.7
346.4
145.0

243.6
41.1
25.9
347.6
144.8

244.3
41.2
25.9
348.0
144.8

245.2
40.7
26.0
349.4
145.2

246.2
40.4
25.8
350.4
145.5

247.2
40.1
25.9
352.0
145.8

247.7
40.2
26.4
350.8
146.4

249.8
40.2
26.3
350.4
146.3

251.1
40.2
26.3
352.1
146.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

68.1
74.2
100.5
112.2
23.4

68.4
73.8
101.4
112.6
23.4

68.6
73.9
101.7
113.0
23.5

68.9
73.6
101.5
113.3
23.5

69.8
74.5
101.8
114.0
23.6

69.8
74.8
102.3
114.4
23.6

70.0
75.2
102.6
114.6
23.6

70.4
76.2
102.5
115.0
23.9

70.5
76.5
102.2
115.6
23.9

70.8
77.2
102.8
116.3
24.0

70.3
76.9
103.3
115.2
24.2

70.6
77.0
103.9
115.6
24.2

71.0
76.9
104.4
115.1
24.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

107.7
135.7
177.9
127.9
53.8

108.1
135.8
177.6
128.3
53.9

107.9
136.2
178.0
128.4
53.8

108.2
136.4
178.4
128.7
53.8

108.8
137.0
178.1
128.9
53.8

109.7
136.2
178.1
128.9
53.9

109.5
136.2
177.8
116.3
53.7

109.8
135.6
178.4
129.2
53.8

109.9
135.4
178.5
129.6
53.0

110.0
135.4
178.2
130.3
53.5

110.8
137.4
180.4
130.5
54.1

110.6
137.7
179.1
130.4
54.3

111.1
136.9
179.9
130.2
54.4

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ....

166.8
21.6
54.8
47.7
20.0

166.1
21.7
55.1
48.0
20.0

166.5
21.6
55.3
48.0
20.1

166.3
21.6
55.7
47.9
20.3

165.1
21.6
56.3
47.8
20.6

164.9
21.4
56.6
47.9
20.9

165.4
21.4
57.1
48.0
20.8

165.7
21.7
57.4
48.2
21.0

166.1
21.7
57.8
48.2
21.1

166.9
21.8
58.2
48.3
21.1

167.3
22.0
58.1
48.7
21.3

166.9
22.0
58.7
48.7
21.0

166.0
22.1
58.4
48.8
20.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

259.2
33.0
410.7
170.8
18.3

258.9
33.0
411.8
171.2
18.0

260.7
33.2
412.5
171.2
18.0

260.8
33.5
412.9
171.9
17.9

261.2
33.6
412.6
172.2
17.8

261.7
33.8
412.5
172.6
17.5

262.9
33.7
413.5
172.8
17.6

262.0
33.7
413.1
172.8
17.7

261.5
33.9
412.9
173.7
17.6

261.6
33.9
412.7
173.3
17.7

262.6
34.1
415.5
175.2
17.8

263.4
34.0
415.8
174.9
17.7

263.3
34.2
414.8
175.1
17.6

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

239.4
81.5
76.3
284.6
16.2

241.3
81.9
76.6
285.6
15.3

241.2
82.1
76.8
285.8
16.0

241.8
82.2
76.9
286.2
16.2

241.7
82.4
76.4
286.0
16.1

242.4
82.9
76.1
286.4
16.1

242.9
82.9
77.0
286.8
16.2

243.2
83.2
76.7
287.1
16.1

243.0
83.5
76.8
287.5
16.1

242.7
83.5
77.0
287.3
16.0

242.7
84.0
77.6
288.2
16.2

242.4
84.5
77.9
288.8
16.0

242.9
84.6
78.1
288.1
16.2

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

76.5
16.4
157.0
534.7
57.7

77.0
16.4
158.4
536.6
57.8

76.7
16.4
157.8
539.4
58.3

76.8
16.5
158.6
539.6
58.3

76.8
16.7
158.9
543.2
58.6

76.8
16.7
158.3
545.9
59.1

77.3
16.9
158.6
547.5
59.2

77.5
16.7
158.6
549.1
59.3

77.6
16.8
158.2
550.5
59.3

78.0
16.9
158.2
551.6
59.5

79.0
16.6
159.9
556.2
59.5

79.6
16.8
159.7
557.4
59.8

79.4
16.9
159.2
558.9
59.8

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.6
170.6
134.4
38.7
125.9
13.9

12.6
172.0
135.3
38.7
126.5
14.0

12.6
173.0
135.6
38.7
126.9
13.9

12.6
173.5
135.6
38.8
127.7
13.9

12.5
173.5
136.4
39.0
128.0
13.9

12.5
173.7
137.1
38.9
128.0
13.9

12.7
173.8
137.4
39.3
128.2
13.9

12.6
174.7
137.6
39.4
128.2
14.0

12.6
174.9
138.4
39.3
128.4
13.9

12.5
175.6
138.8
39.2
128.9
14.0

12.5
176.2
138.6
39.4
128.8
13.8

12.6
176.2
139.4
39.6
128.4
14.0

12.5
175.9
139.0
39.6
128.7
14.0

See footnotes at end of table.




58

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

1998

State
Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

432.9
56.9

494.1
255.6
3,096.7
487.6
355.1
86.1
47.4

436.5
56.9
493.3
255.0
3,104.0

438.4
57.0
496.6
255.7
3,112.0

440.5
56.9
500.3
256.4
3,117.4

444.1
56.9
500.0
256.2
3,127.6

444.0
57.0
502.5
256.6
3,135.5

442.8
57.4
503.6
257.3
3,138.4

443.4
57.0
504.0
257.9
3,141.4

443.3
56.6
504.5
258.2
3,148.8

444.9
57.3
506.1
258.3
3,158.5

446.4
56.9
509.7
258.4
3,154.9

448.5
57.2
510.6
258.0
3,153.5

451.5
57.7
513.0
259.1
3.158.0

490.5
355.6
86.5
48.0
1,677.3

491.8
355.8
86.3
48.5
1,683.5

495.7
355.1
86.7
48.9
1,687.0

497.2
355.4
87.1
48.7
1,693.5

498.9
354.5
87.8
49.3
1,697.2

499.3
355.4
87.8
48.5
1,699.1

500.1
356.9
88.0
48.5
1,700.5

500.8
358.9
88.4
48.5
1,702.9

503.4
357.8
88.6
47.4
1,709.0

504.3
359.5
88.8
48.0
1.707.1

504.4
359.4
89.6
48.0
1,713.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

1,665.8

488.4
354.8
86.2
48.2
1,671.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

927.6
132.3
131.3
1,327.7
684.0

922.8
132.0
131.7
1,326.9
685.2

928.4
132.3
132.5
1,329.9
688.1

930.1
131.9
132.6
1,330.9
689.7

931.5
131.0
132.2
1,338.1
691.5

932.7
131.8
132.9
1,337.2
690.5

935.4
131.7
132.9
1,337.9
690.5

934.5
131.7
133.5
1,342.3
689.9

935.3
131.1
134.2
1,345.4
686.2

936.4
130.7
134.3
1,347.4
688.7

935.6
130.7
135.4
1,352.9
698.9

940.1
130.6
135.8
1,354.3
699.5

947.0
130.8
135.9
1,357.3
697.6

351.1
316.3
414.4
436.7
142.0

351.6
317.0
414.8
439.8
141.7

352.8
318.4
415.8
441.6
142.5

353.7
319.7
417.2
442.6
142.9

355.0
319.0
417.7
443.9
142.2

355.1
319.1
418.2
445.6
143.0

355.7
319.1
417.6
446.0
143.9

356.1
319.0
418.7
445.8
145.2

357.0
321.0
418.8
447.5
146.2

358.2
322.3
419.8
448.8
146.1

358.7
322.9
421.2
446.2
145.2

360.8
323.9
420.7
444.6
144.9

360.7
325.5
424.8
446.0
145.8

540.3
715.8
1,061.5
607.4
244.1

538.3
716.5
1,062.8
609.4
243.9

538.2
718.9
1,066.3
611.4
244.5

538.9
717.9
1,064.5
613.8
245.0

540.2
723.7
1,066.5
617.5
246.0

539.1
724.8
1,067.7
617.6
244.9

538.7
726.2
1,071.2
617.9
244.4

538.4
725.8
1,072.3
618.8
244.9

539.3
726.7
1,075.0
620.1
244.0

537.4
727.2
1,076.1
621.3
243.6

540.7
722.1
1,079.3
622.7
244.0

540.5
728.0
1,078.4
620.5
247.3

542.1
731.4
1,081.7
620.2
249.0

630.6
100.5
209.9
186.4
151.9

628.7
100.2
210.6
186.9
151.6

631.2
100.3
211.1
188.5
151.9

632.3
100.2
212.3
188.8
152.1

634.5
100.6
213.6
190.2
152.4

635.4
100.9
213.3
190.5
152.5

636.4
100.7
214.3
191.1
152.7

636.1
100.4
214.6
192.1
154.3

635.7
100.6
214.9
192.3
153.9

638.3
100.8
214.4
193.6
154.9

637.2
101.2
212.7
194.5
154.2

640.2
101.4
211.8
194.7
155.0

639.3
101.6
211.6
195.5
155.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

880.7
169.9
1,657.3
844.2
81.1

882.0
170.0
1,652.7
846.6
80.8

883.7
170.3
1,658.7
848.8
80.7

883.5
170.7
1,659.2
849.9
80.7

883.9
170.8
1,664.5
858.2
81.0

885.2
170.6
1,665.5
859.9
81.0

889.0
171.2
1,668.9
862.1
81.1

888.4
171.8
1,671.2
864.8
81.0

890.5
172.0
1,675.3
863.6
80.6

895.5
172.2
1,678.4
867.2
80.7

896.2
171.5
1,675.8
873.0
81.3

898.2
172.4
1,676.7
873.9
81.2

172.7
1,677.5
875.0
81.8

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,319.7
329.9
382.1
1,224.4
97.9

1,321.4
331.9
382.9
1,225.6
97.8

1.323.9
332.7
384.2
1,227.7
98.2

1,323.8
332.1
384.4
1,228.7
98.1

1,326.5
331.2
385.0
1,233.5
99.5

1,328.0
331.8
384.2
1,235.5
99.7

1,328.4
331.7
384.7
1,235.5
100.1

1,328.6
332.6
385.6
1,234.5
99.7

1,332.1
333.9
386.5
1,235.8
99.9

1,334.8
334.8
387.7
1,238.7
100.2

1,332.0
334.2
386.6
1,235.3
99.8

1,333.9
335.7
386.5
1,239.3
99.8

1,337.8
337.2
387.7
1,244.6
99.7

425.5
89.3

428.3
90.1
622.6
2,105.6
243.1

429.1
90.0
623.8
2,108.0
243.8

430.4
89.3
626.1
2,108.5
242.9

431.6
89.1
626.0
2,112.4
243.4

433.1
89.2
626.8
2,117.9
243.3

435.1
89.1
627.8
2,121.3
243.2

437.4
89.3
629.4
2,124.7
242.6

440.2
89.8
629.8
2,128.4
242.8

438.0
91.1
627.0
2,126.3
245.4

440.4
90.6
627.7
2,134.2
244.9

439.9

617.6
2,095.2
242.4

426.5
89.6
620.2
2,098.0
242.7

623.1
2,142.2
245.8

65.4
728.3
618.6
162.5
609.1
52.9

65.4
728.8
620.2
162.2
609.6
53.0

65.5
731.4
622.6
162.6
610.9
53.5

65.5
733.5
623.9
163.8
612.3
52.9

65.7
731.7
625.7
163.1
610.2
52.6

65.7
734.8
627.8
163.4
610.7
52.4

65.8
735.3
629.4
164.2
609.6
52.2

65.8
739.5
631.4
164.6
610.5
52.4

66.0
739.1
633.4
164.5
609.6
52.4

66.0
739.9
635.7
164.4
612.1
52.6

64.9
739.9
635.5
165.6
609.6
52.6

65.5
742.4
636.3
166.8
611.5
53.3

65.9
744.3
639.2
166.8
611.5
52.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.




59

89.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1999

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama ..
Alaska
Arizona ...,
Arkansas.
California

87.1
12.5
134.1
45.0
788.4

87.4
12.5
137.3
45.0
791.4

87.5
12.5
139.1
44.9
795.4

87.5
12.5
140.4
45.0
798.5

87.3
12.5
140.9
45.0
802.0

87.6
12.6
141.4
45.0
803.6

87.7
12.5
141.5
45.0
806.0

87.8
12.5
142.1
44.9
808.3

87.9
12.6
142.6
45.0
807.6

88.1
12.6
143.4
45.0
808.2

88.4
12.7
142.8
45.1
809.1

88.5
12.7
143.5
45.2
808.7

88.6
12.8
144.9
45.3
808.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida

133.0
134.1
48.4
28.9
422.9

133.8
134.0
47.7
28.9
426.2

134.5
134.3
48.1
29.0
428.6

135.4
134.8
48.7
29.1
430.8

136.5
137.2
48.8
29.1
431.5

137.0
137.5
48.9
29.2
433.6

137.1
137.5
49.1
28.9
435.2

137.1
137.6
48.9
28.9
436.4

137.1
137.8
49.2
29.0
437.7

137.8
138.5
49.6
29.1
438.9

138.3
138.8
50.1
29.0
439.2

138.3
138.8
50.0
29.0
439.0

138.2
138.8
50.1

Georgia ...
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana ....

196.4
35.5
22.5
403.1
139.8

197.6
35.5
22.5
405.1
140.0

198.5
35.5
22.4
402.9
140.2

199.3
35.6
22.6
403.9
140.4

200.6
35.6
22.9
404.9
141.2

201.5
35.5
23.0
406.5
141.8

202.1
35.5
23.1
406.6
142.4

202.4
35.6
23.2
406.7
143.3

203.0
35.3
23.2
406.6
143.6

203.9
35.2
23.3
408.0
144.0

204.9
35.3
23.7
408.8
146.2

206.0
35.2
23.5
407.9
146.5

206.8
34.9
23.8
408.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky..
Louisiana .
Maine

81.9
61.3
69.7
86.5
29.4

82.3
61.5
69.6
86.5
29.6

82.5
61.7
69.8
86.7
29.6

83.0
61.9
69.9
86.7
29.8

83.5
62.2
70.1
87.1
30.0

83.6
62.2
70.1
87.1
29.7

83.9
62.3
70.2
87.1
29.7

84.3
62.4
70.3
86.8
30.0

84.2
62.6
70.4
86.8
30.2

84.1
62.7
70.5
87.0
30.3

83.5
62.9
70.9
86.5
30.7

83.9
63.0
71.0
86.6
30.8

84.0
63.0
70.9
86.7
30.7

Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

133.4
214.7
210.1
153.4
42.6

133.5
215.7
210.1
154.5
42.6

133.9
216.1
209.9
155.1
42.4

134.2
216.2
209.4
155.9
42.3

135.0
217.4
209.3
157.3
42.2

135.3
217.6
208.7
157.9
42.3

135.5
218.3
209.2
158.2
42.3

133.3
218.6
209.3
158.7
42.3

134.5
219.2
209.5
159.5
42.3

134.9
220.0
209.1
160.0
42.2

136.3
219.3
210.0
159.3
42.7

137.1
220.2
209.0
159.3
42.6

137.1
220.7
209.0
159.4
42.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .

160.1
16.8
56.4
42.5
31.0

159.5
16.9
57.2
42.6
31.1

160.8
16.9
57.0
43.0
31.1

161.6
16.9
57.4
43.2
31.3

161.3
17.0
57.9
43.5
31.3

162.0
17.1
58.1
43.6
31.3

163.1
17.3
58.1
44.0
31.4

163.8
17.2
58.2
44.2
31.3

164.4
17.3
58.5
44.7
31.5

164.9
17.3
58.6
44.8
31.5

165.1
17.4
58.7
44.9
31.4

165.4
17.4
58.8
45.1
31.5

165.2
17.3
58.9
45.2
31.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina .
North Dakota ...

245.3
31.7
731.6
175.0
15.5

247.1
31.7
732.4
175.5
15.7

247.9
31.8
734.2
176.8
15.7

248.1
31.9
736.3
177.5
15.7

247.4
31.9
735.9
178.8
15.6

248.5
31.8
737.3
180.2
15.6

249.2
32.0
737.7
181.6
15.5

249.9
32.1
739.2
181.8
15.8

249.8
32.1
739.7
182.6
15.9

250.7
32.2
742.0
183.1
16.0

253.1
32.1
740.8
182.8
16.1

254.1
32.3
740.1
183.4
15.9

254.8
32.2
739.8
183.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...

296.4
72.0
94.7
317.1
27.6

297.6
72.5
94.8
317.3
27.7

298.8
72.8
94.9
317.6
28.3

298.8
73.0
95.2
317.6
28.5

299.1
73.2
95.4
318.6
28.7

299.9
73.6
95.5
319.3
28.9

300.1
74.0
95.7
319.2
29.0

301.4
74.5
95.6
319.4
29.3

301.7
74.6
95.4
319.7
29.4

301.9
74.8
95.5
320.0
29.3

303.0
75.4
96.1
320.0
29.0

302.9
75.5
96.6
321.1
29.1

303.6
75.5
96.9

South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

78.5
21.8
123.6
487.6
54.0

79.1
21.9
124.6
490.6
54.4

79.8
22.1
125.2
492.7
54.8

79.9
22.3
125.4
494.3
55.2

80.0
22.4
125.9
497.5
55.6

80.5
22.5
126.1
499.3
56.2

80.8
23.0
126.9
500.8
56.3

81.1
23.0
127.1
502.9
56.6

81.2
23.2
127.3
504.6
56.5

81.7
23.3
127.1
507.1
56.3

82.1
23.3
127.4
509.3
56.4

82.3
23.3
127.4
510.2
56.8

82.6
23.6
126.3
511.1
57.0

Vermont
Virginia
Washington ....
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.2
172.9
132.5
28.5
142.1
8.6

12.2
173.8
133.3
28.5
142.8
8.5

12.2
175.1
133.9
28.5
143.1
8.7

12.2
175.5
134.6
28.4
143.5
8.6

12.2
175.8
135.7
28.6
144.0
8.6

12.3
176.2
136.6
28.6
144.3
8.6

12.3
176.8
136.7
28.7
144.5
8.7

12.4
177.4
137.2
28.9
144.9
8.6

12.5
177.6
137.5
28.9
145.4
8.7

12.6
177.1
138.2
29.0
145.8
8.6

12.7
Ml.7
139.3
29.7
146.3
8.7

12.7
179.0
139.0
29.7
146.6
8.7

12.7
179.7
139.5

See footnotes at end of table.




60

29.2
441.4

146.5

15.8

320.6
29.4

29.6
147.0
8.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1999

1998

State
Mar.

I

Apr.

I

May

| June |

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Services

260.6
4,156.6

444.9
68.1
618.3
261.2
4,174.2

447.1
68.4
623.1
261.6
4,187.3

451.0
68.7
627.6
262.0
4,194.9

452.2
68.7
630.9
263.8
4,228.5

453.7
68.8
634.5
264.0
4,245.7

453.0
68.8
637.1
263.8
4,260.7

452.6
69.4
637.5
265.7
4,273.4

454.7
69.3
640.7
266.4
4,289.9

456.2
69.4
643.4
267.0
4,304.2

457.0
69.5
632.0
266.3
4,334.1

458.5
69.2
633.3
267.1
4,352.0

457.2
69.2
636.7
267.2
4,364.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

615.1
507.2
110.1
273.2
2,362.9

609.2
509.0
110.5
272.1
2,374.0

618.2
511.2
111.0
273.3
2,396.9

618.3
513.5
111.0
275.2
2,416.1

621.9
514.7
112.2
274.4
2,428.2

623.0
515.4
112.6
274.8
2,440.2

623.5
515.7
112.1
275.5
2,455.5

625.4
516.3
112.5
275.0
2,457.5

625.5
517.0
112.9
275.8
2,464.6

626.9
520.1
113.2
275.6
2,475.3

629.1
520.0
113.4
275.6
2,484.8

627.5
521.4
113.4
275.4
2,498.7

629.8
520.6
112.9
276.0
2,497.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

984.4
170.2
125.5
1,745.0
700.6

984.4
171.8
126.0
1,751.9
703.2

991.0
172.0
126.3
1,762.1
706.5

996.0
172.5
125.6
1,764.2
710.8

1,000.6
171.9
125.5
1,775.9
714.2

1,006.2
172.7
126.9
1,777.7
714.6

1,007.8
172.5
126.4
1,778.1
718.8

1,011.8
173.4
127.4
1,787.3
715.6

1,017.6
173.1
127.3
1,794.1
715.6

1,022.1
172.9
131.8
1,801.4
718.6

1,024.4
172.6
133.7
1,790.9
708.9

1,031.1
173.6
133.4
1,793.9
714.9

1,036.5
174.0
133.4
1,794.3
720.5

373.4
329.1
438.3
502.3
164.4

375.4
330.3
439.6
506.5
165.5

377.2
331.7
440.9
507.1
165.8

379.0
335.1
443.2
509.5
166.9

384.4
335.2
444.5
513.7
169.0

382.3
335.3
445.1
512.1
169.1

382.0
336.0
445.3
514.0
170.4

384.2
337.4
445.8
514.4
171.4

385.0
340.3
447.1
516.4
171.9

386.7
340.8
447.7
519.2
172.5

381.3
342.0
450.7
517.2
172.1

383.1
341.9
452.2
517.9
172.7

384.6
341.9
452.1
518.9
173.3

778.8
1,126.3
1,235.1
720.2
261.1

776.8
1,127.9
1,232.0
723.7
263.7

779.1
1,130.1
1,237.2
726.7
263.5

783.3
1,133.9
1,241.4
729.5
263.8

790.4
1,134.5
1,243.1
729.9
263.8

792.7
1,137.1
1,247.8
731.4
264.0

794.1
1,138.4
1,250.5
731.7
262.5

798.5
1,141.7
1,254.9
732.9
261.1

800.4
1,143.5
1,257.4
735.0
261.9

802.9
1,147.2
1,259.6
736.3
262.2

804.0
1,146.0
1,258.2
736.3
261.4

808.3
1,149.2
1,256.7
733.5
259.9

808.1
1,151.9
1,259.7
734.2

749.8
105.4
232.9
385.4
171.6

754.7
106.1
236.3
387.7
171.7

758.7
106.8
236.3
388.9
171.8

758.6
106.7
237.2
390.3
171.8

759.7
107.6
240.6
392.7
172.1

759.5
108.1
240.6
394.6
172.6

758.5
108.3
239.5
395.7
172.9

763.4
108.2
240.7
403.6
173.2

767.0
108.5
241.6
403.1
173.7

766.9
108.6
243.2
403.6
173.4

767.5
109.2
240.0
403.0
176.2

761.0
109.4
239.3
404.1
176.9

759.8
109.8
238.5
405.3
178.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,204.5
200.3
2,765.7

1,213.3
201.9
2,775.8
919.1
89.7

1,218.3
202.3
2,791.1
926.1
89.8

1,220.2
202.6
2,797.4
931.5
89.7

1,227.6
203.3
2,806.8
939.9
89.6

1,231.2
204.6
2,814.0
938.6
89.5

1,233.2
205.6
2,817.5
944.6
89.7

1,234.7
206.6
2,828.1
946.9
89.9

1,238.1
207.7
2,837.2
951.1
89.9

1,242.3
207.9
2,848.5
956.7
90.6

1,236.7
207.1
2,848.4
960.9
90.6

1,244.4
207.8
2,857.3
960.5
90.4

1,250.3
208.9
2,866.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,502.4
398.3
412.7

1,506.4
401.6
412.8
1,765.4
157.1

1,510.3
404.7
415.0
1,773.3
157.5

1,515.2
405.0
414.9
1,777.2
156.7

1,512.3
406.0
416.7
1,782.3
157.7

1,513.7
406.9
420.2
1,784.4
157.7

1,516.1
407.2
421.3
1,784.5
158.3

1,521.6
407.4
423.2
1,784.4
158.4

1,521.9
408.1
424.8
1,785.2
158.0

1,522.5
409.1
425.9
1,789.9
157.9

1,518.6
411.1
428.4
1,787.2
156.2

1,520.2
413.6
430.0
1,788.4
158.1

1,521.7
415.6
430.7
1,790.1
158.0

416.2
94.2
698.6
2,488.6
278.3

418.7
94.4
701.4
2,500.4
279.3

419.4
94.2
706.2
2,510.1
280.2

420.5
94.4
707.7
2,523.9
280.4

422.2
94.5
708.3
2,532.8
281.4

423.4
94.3
707.1
2,540.6
281.8

424.3
95.8
711.9
2,549.7
282.6

426.0
95.6
714.2
2,559.7
284.2

427.2
95.9
715.9
2,569.3
285.2

431.6
94.9
712.9
2,577.0
287.3

431.9
95.9
713.7
2,583.3
288.9

434.0
95.7

86.0
1,011.9
703.0
205.1
705.3
50.7

86.5
1,019.9
707.2
205.8
707.1
50.6

86.5
1,024.6
708.5
206.8
708.3
50.3

86.6
1,023.1
711.3
208.5
709.7
50.5

86.9
1,028.7
714.7
208.5
711.2
50.5

86.7
1,033.3
715.3
208.9
711.0
50.4

85.9
1,036.7
718.2
209.8
711.3
50.7

86.6
1,042.1
720.7
210.2
712.5
51.0

87.2
1,045.7
723.2
211.1
713.2
51.2

87.9
1,045.2
721.1
212.1
710.3
51.6

87.8
1,048.3
725.4
212.5
712.7
51.5

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

441.9
67.7
612.6

913.6
89.5

1,760.7
156.1
413.6
93.9
2,481.1
276.5

86.0
1,006.1
701.2
204.8
701.1
50.2

See footnotes at end of table.




61

259.3

959.7
90.5

711.8
2,593.8

289.5
87.9
1,051.1
727.1
211.5
715.5

51.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Government
347.6
73.4
340.1
184.5
2,149.3

346.6
73.4
337.3
184.5
2,151.8

346.5
73.5
339.6
185.0
2,155.4

347.2
73.5
337.4
185.5
2,159.4

346.5
73.7
337.6
186.7
2,155.6

346.7
73.3
335.8
186.3
2,166.8

347.8
73.8
337.1
186.1
2,173.6

348.0
73.3
336.8
187.0
2,184.7

348.6
73.3
342.7
187.9
2,192.9

349.4
73.5
339.6
186.2
2,199.0

348.7
73.4
341.5
186.2
2,198.8

349.8
73.6
341.3
186.2
2,203.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida

319.6
226.2
53.9
227.3
952.9

319.8
226.2
53.9
227.2
952.9

320.8
226.4
54.2
227.0
954.8

321.4
226.8
54.0
226.3
954.9

323.4
227.8
54.4
220.8
957.0

321.7
228.4
54.1
228.2
955.7

322.8
230.5
54.0
226.7
959.9

322.8
229.1
54.0
225.7
960.5

323.3
228.6
54.1
225.9
964.0

323.2
229.7
54.4
225.0
964.6

323.9
229.6
54.9
225.9
963.3

325.0
229.2
54.7
225.7
967.3

325.9

Georgia ..
Hawaii....
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana ...

583.2
111.4
103.2
811.5
396.5

583.6
111.5
102.2
809.7
398.3

583.5
111.2
102.2
811.3
399.1

583.5
111.2
102.8
814.0
398.9

584.9
111.7
102.5
822.4
387.4

589.0
112.6
102.8
824.2
398.2

596.9
117.8
102.6
822.3
405.8

588.1
112.6
103.5
816.6
403.0

588.2
112.1
103.6
816.5
403.8

589.7
111.9
104.3
812.8
406.0

591.3
110.8
103.5
813.7
402.1

591.5
111.0
104.7
808.2
407.6

592.7
111.1
104.7
808.9
410.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky ...
Louisiana ..
Maine

235.1
238.5
292.5
366.7
93.9

235.1
239.5
293.0
366.7
94.1

235.3
241.3
292.1
367.1
93.5

234.9
241.3
293.9
366.5
94.6

235.9
240.4
294.3
367.0
93.7

235.0
242.3
296.5
366.5
93.5

237.5
240.8
295.6
368.4
93.3

236.9
243.8
294.9
368.3
93.1

236.3
244.4
294.8
368.0
92.9

238.2
242.4
294.7
368.1
93.6

237.9
242.5
296.6
367.0
93.5

237.3
242.0
296.1
366.8
94.2

236.3
242.2
296.1
366.3
94.5

Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

430.4
408.8
649.6
381.5
220.5

430.3
409.7
656.8
381.8
221.5

432.0
410.7
657.9
382.2
221.9

431.5
410.7
663.5
382.4
222.1

435.3
411.5
662.0
377.0
229.3

437.0
413.4
659.7
379.0
224.0

440.5
413.7
662.5
381.1
224.1

440.1
414.5
660.0
382.4
225.1

440.9
414.8
660.5
382.9
225.2

439.3
416.6
660.0
384.8
225.5

440.8
416.3
659.2
384.6
225.1

440.2
416.3
658.3
385.2
225.3

440.4
416.7
658.5
386.4
225.9

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .

414.8
78.1
152.2
109.6
79.5

415.0
78.2
151.7
110.5
79.4

418.2
78.3
151.3
110.0
79.7

422.2
78.2
151.3
111.2
79.7

414.0
79.3
152.2
112.0
79.3

414.4
78.9
149.7
113.1
78.9

418.1
79.2
150.5
113.5
79.3

417.9
79.3
150.3
113.2
79.6

418.8
79.5
149.8
113.5
79.5

420.9
79.4
150.4
113.9
78.9

419.0
79.4
149.8
114.9
79.5

418.0
78.4
149.8
115.0
79.9

420.6
79.5
149.4
114.7
79.8

572.6
179.9
1,422.1
586.0
71.9

571.1
178.3
1,421.7
588.4
71.9

570.6
177.9
1,423.9
587.2
71.9

568.6
177.6
1,421.9
581.9
68.5

568.0
178.4
1,402.1
600.5
69.0

568.0
178.7
1,404.0
620.2
68.3

572.4
177.2
1,414.9
601.8
70.1

570.3
177.4
1,417.4
601.5
70.0

569.9
177.5
1,417.0
600.7
70.4

570.8
177.5
1,420.3
601.2
70.6

570.3
179.1
1,411.2
597.5
71.7

569.2
177.6
1,424.2
597.1
71.1

569.7
179.2
1,425.1
598.2
71.0

759.5
276.8
252.1
707.1
63.0

760.3
277.0
252.0
701.8
62.4

762.2
277.5
254.3
704.0
62.8

762.6
277.6
255.0
690.4
62.9

765.2
278.0
255.3
694.9
63.7

765.6
279.4
256.0
695.7
63.1

766.1
278.8
257.0
706.4
63.9

765.0
279.5
257.6
701.9
63.5

765.8
278.9
260.9
704.3
63.6

766.9
279.3
259.5
707.0
63.7

757.7
278.0
259.8
709.8
63.9

766.2
279.1
260.0
707.6
63.1

767.3
279.2
260.5
708.1
62.9

307.2
70.7
381.3
1,500.8
175.5

306.7
70.6
382.0
1,500.0
174.9

307.8
70.6
382.5
1,502.7
175.8

310.4
70.9
384.0
1,503.2
176.4

309.0
71.5
384.5
1,506.5
177.4

311.3
71.1
395.4
1,510.9
177.5

311.2
71.4
383.6
1,519.0
180.9

311.7
71.3
383.9
1,525.8
177.9

310.1
71.2
384.6
1,529.9
179.1

310.3
71.0
384.1
1,529.9
179.9

312.8
71.1
382.4
1,531.6
176.2

312.2
71.5
383.9
1,534.7
177.1

312.1
71.7
383.0
1,538.2
177.5

46.0
599.6
462.3
138.9
389.8
58.2

45.9
598.3
464.1
138.7
391.1
58.4

45.8
598.9
463.9
151.1
393.0
58.5

45.9
601.5
465.8
138.8
392.6
57.9

45.7
602.5
469.0
138.3
393.7
59.4

46.2
603.0
469.5
140.7
394.6
58.7

46.4
604.2
465.2
141.2
393.1
58.4

46.5
603.5
466.0
140.0
393.5
58.6

46.4
602.5
466.2
139.7
395.5
58.3

46.5
605.0
466.8
140.0
396.3
58.2

46.9
602.9
470.9
141.2
397.6
58.0

46.5
605.2
469.6
140.1
396.3
58.1

46.7
604.7
471.5
140.3
396.4

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina .
North Dakota ...
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island .
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington ...
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
2




350.0
73.2
341.4

186.3
2,207.5
230.1
55.0
225.2

58.1

NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1998

1999

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

34.5

34.7

34.6

34.6

34.6

34.4

34.6

34.5

34.6

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.5

40.8

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.1

40.8

41.1

41.0

41.2

41.1

41.0

40.7

40.9

Mining

44.1

44.6

43.8

44.8

43.8

43.2

43.8

43.5

43.4

42.7

43.0

42.9

43.8

Construction

38.7

38.6

38.4

39.2

39.1

38.4

39.1

38.8

39.5

39.7

39.3

38.3

38.6

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.4
4.5

41.8
4.6

41.8
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.6
4.5

41.7
4.5

41.7
4.5

41.7
4.5

41.6
4.6

41.6
4.5

41.5
4.5

41.7
4.4

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

41.9
4.6
41.2
40.7
43.3
43.9
44.9
41.8
42.6
41.1
42.1
42.0
41.3
40.1

42.4
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.5
44.5
45.6
42.6
43.0
41.4
43.3
43.3
41.4
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.3
41.0
43.2
44.4
45.1
42.5
43.2
41.4
42.7
42.4
41.3
40.0

42.2
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.5
43.6
43.8
42.4
43.0
41.3
42.6
41.7
41.3
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.6
44.1
44.5
42.3
43.1
41.7
42.6
42.3
41.4
40.1

42.2
4.7
40.6
40.1
43.3
43.7
44.2
42.3
42.7
41.5
43.7
44.3
41.0
39.6

42.3
4.6
41.1
40.4
43.4
43.7
43.9
42.3
42.7
41.5
43.7
43.8
41.1
39.7

42.3
4.6
41.2
40.1
43.5
43.9
43.7
42.1
42.4
41.4
44.1
44.7
41.0
39.3

42.3
4.6
41.6
40.2
43.8
43.7
43.2
42.2
42.1
41.1
44.6
45.2
41.0
39.4

42.1
4.7
41.8
40.5
44.0
43.7
43.9
41.9
42.1
41.1
43.3
44.1
41.2
39.5

42.2
4.6
41.0
40.3
43.4
43.7
43.8
42.1
42.1
41.3
44.1
45.3
41.4
39.7

42.0
4.6
41.3
40.3
42.8
43.8
44.0
42.0
41.9
40.9
43.8
44.8
41.3
39.8

42.2
4.5
41.2
40.6
43.2
43.8
44.1
42.1
42.0
41.2
44.0
45.4
41.6
39.6

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.7
4.2
41.3
38.2
41.0
37.7
43.0
38.2
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.3

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.3
41.3
37.4
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
42.1
37.3

40.9
4.4
41.7
39.0
41.1
37.4
43.6
38.2
43.2
(2)
42.0
37.6

41.0
4.4
42.0
40.6
41.0
37.4
43.5
38.4
43.0
(2)
42.1
37.0

40.9
4.3
41.5
39.6
41.0
37.5
43.3
38.5
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.1

40.8
4.3
41.7
37.7
40.4
37.3
43.6
38.1
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.4

40.9
4.3
41.5
38.5
41.1
37.3
43.5
38.2
43.3
(2)
41.8
37.4

40.8
4.4
41.7
38.3
40.7
37.3
43.5
38.2
43.0
(2)
41.6
37.6

40.9
4.3
42.0
36.3
40.9
37.3
43.4
38.1
42.6
(2)
41.7
37.5

40.8
4.4
42.0
38.0
40.9
36.9
43.4
38.3
42.8
(2)
41.3
37.1

40.8
4.4
41.8
38.2
40.6
37.6
43.4
38.0
42.8
(2)
41.6
37.9

40.8
4.4
41.7
39.0
40.4
37.4
43.7
37.9
42.9
(2)
41.8
37.5

40.9
4.3
41.8
38.1
40.9
37.5
43.6
38.1
42.9
(2)
41.6
37.8

32.9

33.0

32.9

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.9

32.9

33.0

32.8

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

39.6

39.8

39.5

39.6

39.3

39.3

39.3

39.3

39.1

39.5

39.2

39.2

39.0

Wholesale trade

38.3

38.5

38.2

38.3

38.4

38.2

38.3

38.5

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.5

38.5

Retail trade

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.0

29.0

29.2

29.0

29.1

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.5

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.6

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1999

1998
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Total private .

144.0

144.9

144.8

145.2

145.3

144.9

145.8

145.7

146.4

146.4

147.2

146.4

146.8

Goods-producing .

114.9

115.3

114.9

114.2

114.7

114.1

114.6

114.1

115.3

114.8

115.1

113.4

113.7

55.4

56.0

54.7

55.5

54.0

53.1

53.5

52.6

52.4

50.1

49.4

49.1

49.6

Construction

161.5

160.5

160.5

164.6

164.3

160.9

164.8

164.4

171.1

171.3

174.3

166.3

167.6

Manufacturing .

108.7

109.4

109.0

107.2

108.0

108.0

107.8

107.3

107.4

106.8

106.6

106.2

106.3

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

112.2
143.8
133.7
114.1
93.7
73.4
117.5
109.1
110.1
124.6
158.9
76.6

113.1

112.7

111.7
141.9

111.6
143.9
132.4

110.9

111.0

110.1

110.1

109.7

143.7
134.4
114.4

109.9
144.0
134.3
115.2
91.1

111.8

143.8

144.6

148.3

145.9

131.4
116.8
90.9
68.6

146.9
133.0
118.4
90.4
68.2

133.3
117.3
89.8
68.4

109.8
146.2
134.7
116.5
89.7
68.9

116.6

116.8

105.7
105.5
128.0

103.4

102.0

101.6

106.9
106.6
126.9
162.2
74.5
96.9

134.0
118.1
89.8
68.6
116.2
104.6
105.1
123.8
159.6
74.7
97.0

147.0
133.7

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

104.0
118.3
62.5

104.4
119.9
62.3
87.7
68.8
110.7
125.6

104.0
119.3
59.9
86.9

102.3

102.4
121.0

101.9
120.8
56.8

101.5

81.6
63.0

81.1
62.2
108.0

147.5

102.3
121.5
58.3
83.1
62.9
107.9
123.9
101.6
72.4
147.0

Mining

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services

87.4
70.0

109.9

134.0
114.7
94.6
74.5
119.2
110.1
110.7

127.0
161.8
76.6

94.4
73.7
118.4

110.9
110.3
124.7
157.2
76.1

68.5

71.2
117.0

109.8
108.7
112.2
129.0
76.1
102.0
103.5
118.9

60.3
85.7
68.3
109.4
125.4
102.6
75.5
147.0

73.1
148.1

73.9
148.9

110.5
125.0
103.1
73.1
148.4

36.7

36.1

35.8

34.7

157.0

158.2

158.2

130.2

131.5

127.9

124.7
102.7

131.4

116.0
93.3
71.9
117.5
110.0
109.1
122.8
153.5
75.9
101.5

115.4
92.3
71.0
117.7
108.7
108.9
126.5
161.9
75.2
100.3

115.7

102.8
116.8
58.8
85.0

103.0

102.6
118.2
59.1
85.2
65.2
109.2

67.5
109.1

125.4
102.8
73.8
146.6

118.9
57.9
84.3
67.0

109.9
124.1

91.6
70.1
117.5
108.4
108.0
127.1

161.1
75.0
98.6

119.5
58.8
83.4
64.3

108.6
123.9

164.1
74.2

97.5

53.9
83.4
64.2
108.1

123.0

73.9
147.3

124.5
102.8
73.6
147.1

35.1

33.9

33.9

34.1

33.4

32.5

159.1

159.0

158.7

159.7

159.9

160.3

130.5

131.4

131.2

131.2

131.6

131.8

128.8

127.9

128.6

129.0

128.7

129.1

139.8

141.1

140.7

141.9

141.3

141.5

134.2

134.9

134.8

136.1

136.2

192.3

193.7

194.5

195.2

195.2

102.8

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.




143.8
133.7

102.7

102.1

74.1
146.8

101.3
77.5

116.2

104.5
105.1
125.1
162.4
74.9

97.9

107.7
122.5
101.4
74.3
148.1

114.9
89.8
68.7
115.9
103.5

104.8
124.7

162.2
74.7
98.1
120.3
56.0

121.7
101.3
75.3

116.0
103.5
105.5

124.3
164.8
74.9
98.4
101.5
120.0
52.8
81.4
62.1
108.0
121.9
101.7

148.4

72.9
148.9

32.6

31.7

31.4

160.6

161.6

161.2

161.7

131.6

133.5

132.8

132.6

132.3

130.0

129.9

130.3

130.9

131.0

131.1

142.0

141.9

142.1

142.5

144.2

143.2

144.0

135.6

136.6

137.4

137.3

137.5

137.9

138.0

137.7

194.6

196.4

196.3

197.4

197.0

198.3

198.1

198.8

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry
Feb.
1999r

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

March
1999r

April
1999P

Feb. 1999
to
March 1999r

March 1999
To
April 1999p

2.4

-0.4

0.5

234,492

233,588

234,751

196,486

195,425

196,323

2.1

-.5

1,203
12,770
40,035
23,997
16,037
13,618
13,848
34,703
14,183
66,127

1,191
12,340
39,911
23,907
16,004
13,618
13,860
34,429
14,164
65,913

1,205
12,453
39,922
23,924
15,997
13,650
13,882
34,648
14,189
66,375

-9.6
4.4
-1.8
-1.9
-1.7
1.7
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.9

-1.0
-3.4
-.3
-.4
-.2
.0
.1
-.8
-.1
-.3

38,006

38,163

38,429

3.8

.4

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
' = revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are
based




April 1998
to
April 1999P

65

1.2
.9
.0
.1
.0
.2
.2
.6
.2
.7

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address:

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1999

1998
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$12.70 $12.73 $12.76 $12.79 $12.85 $12.87 $12.90 $12.94 $12.98 $13.03 $13.05 $13.08 $13.11
14.25

14.27

14.28

14.31

14.39

14.39

14.43

14.46

14.50

14.51

14.54

14.59

14.66

16.72
16.45
13.44
12.76

16.77
16.46
13.47
12.78

16.73
16.51
13.47
12.76

16.88
16.64
13.42
12.71

17.10
16.67
13.52
12.81

17.15
16.57
13.57
12.90

17.20
16.69
13.57
12.88

17.37
16.75
13.58
12.89

17.26
16.82
13.58
12.89

17.09
16.74
13.63
12.93

16.98
16.76
13.66
12.97

17.04
16.89
13.71
12.99

16.93
16.94
13.78
13.03

12.19

12.23

12.26

12.30

12.35

12.38

12.41

12.45

12.49

12.56

12.57

12.60

12.62

15.32
13.88
8.70
14.00
12.76

15.31
14.00
8.72
14.03
12.81

15.29
13.98
8.73
14.07
12.87

15.33
14.07
8.78
14.10
12.90

15.35
14.16
8.83
14.16
12.95

15.42
14.14
8.86
14.17
12.99

15.42
14.19
8.85
14.24
13.03

15.45
14.23
8.85
14.35
13.06

15.53
14.26
8.91
14.43
13.09

15.55
14.35
8.96
14.49
13.18

15.55
14.30
8.97
14.50
13.22

15.56
14.30
8.95
14.52
13.27

15.66
14.17
8.95
14.61
13.32

7.73
8.68
7.42

7.74
8.67
7.43

7.75
8.68
7.45

7.76
8.68
7.46

7.78
8.72
7.48

7.79
8.71
7.49

7.79
8.72
7.50

7.80
8.72
7.51

7.81
8.73
7.52

7.83
8.71
7.54

7.84
8.73
7.55

7.85
8.75
7.56

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)

438.15 441.73 441.50 442.53 444.61 442.73 446.34 446.43 449.11 449.54 451.53 449.95 452.30

Goods-producing

581.40 586.50 585.48 588.14 591.43 587.11 593.07 592.86 597.40 596.36 596.14 593.81! 599.59

Mining
Construction ...
Manufacturing .

737.35 747.94 732.77 756.22 748.98 740.88 753.36 755.60 749.08 729.74 730.14 731.02 741.53
636.62 635.36 633.98 652.29 651.80 636.29 652.58 649.90 664.39 664.58 658.67 646.89 653.88
556.42 563.05 563.05 559.61 563.78 564.51 565.87 566.29 566.29 567.01 568.26 568.97 574.63

Service-producing .
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

401.05 403.59 403.35 404.67 406.32 406.06 408.29 409.61 410.92 413.22 414.81 413.28 415.20
606.67
531.60
252.30
(5)
415.98

609.34
539.00
253.75
(5)
418.89

603.96
534.04
253.17
(5)
420.85

607.07
538.88
255.50
(5)
421.83

606.01
540.15
256.94
(5)
422.18

606.01
543.48
257.54
(5)
426.08

607.19
547.86
256.65
(5)
425.76

607.22
547.58
258.39
(5)
428.04

614.23
551.04
259.84
(5)
429.67

609.56
550.55
261.92
(5)
432.29

609.95
550.55
259.55
(5)
432.60

266.84 268.53 268.23 268.36 269.30 268.00 269.69 269.26 270.39 269.99 271.19 269.92
354.08 356.53 355.70 356.66 358.23 355.39 358.35 357.58 359.66 358.17 358.04 356.21
244.24 245.34 245.05 245.40 246.11 245.80 246.70 247.05 247.39 248.18 249.14 247.92

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




603.26
543.74
256.07
(5)
423.47

4

610.74
545.55
260.45
(5)
434.23
(4)
(4)
(4)

Not available.
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.
5

66

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Pnrle

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Total

124,006 125,088 126,092 126,690 127,775

-

-

-

-

-

Total private

103,880 104,958 105,690 106,168 107,266

84,873

85,823

86,247

86,668

87,631
392

Mining

577

577

527

528

526

437

437

393

393

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

50.4
8.3
15.4

50.2
8.3
15.2

49.6
8.1
14.5

49.4
8.1
14.3

49.0
-

38.4
6.9
11.6

38.2
6.9
11.4

37.4
6.7
10.8

37.4
6.7
10.7

_
_
-

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

93.0
87.5

92.1
86.6

87.4
81.8

86.4
80.8

85.2
-

76.1
71.4

75.4
70.7

72.4
67.5

71.4
66.5

-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

330.8
136.3
189.5

327.4
135.5
187.0

289.4
127.1
157.9

289.5
125.4
159.6

284.3
_
-

244.4
79.2
161.0

241.8
79.1
158.5

209.1
74.4
130.7

208.0
72.1
131.6

_
_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

102.8
39.4
33.3
11.8

107.2
41.0
35.9
11.7

100.4
39.0
32.6
11.4

102.7
39.9
33.9
11.3

107.9
-

77.6
30.5
_
-

81.8
32.2
_
-

74.2
30.0
_
-

76.3
30.9
_
-

_
_
_
-

5,459

5,758

5,725

5,778

6,045

4,150

4,439

4,343

4,385

897.3
454.7
10.7
431.9

937.9
476.7
11.1
450.1

944.0
485.8
11.3
446.9

948.5
490.7
11.3
446.5

_
_
_
-

Construction

-

_

4,636

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,300.6
681.6
27.3
591.7

1,346.8
707.1
27.9
611.8

1,376.3
732.8
28.2
615.3

1,382.1
738.3
28.3
615.5

1,413.4

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

713.6
185.4
528.2

791.3
232.9
558.4

726.5
184.8
541.7

746.7
199.4
547.3

829.0
_
-

584.1
141.1
443.0

659.8
187.8
472.0

591.9
140.4
451.5

609.8
153.3
456.5

_
_
-

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,445.1
783.8
181.5
694.0
461.9
253.3
214.6

3,620.2
793.7
196.4
696.5
485.7
257.3
239.7

3,622.0
819.8
184.6
733.5
508.4
274.1
228.5

3,649.2
821.4
186.6
735.6
511.8
273.5
226.2

3,802.6
-

2,668.9
572.5
146.4
546.7
394.7
190.5
164.0

2,840.8
581.9
161.7
547.9
418.5
194.0
188.7

2,807.2
599.9
148.7
574.1
437.7
205.0
175.7

2,827.1
601.3
150.2
574.2
440.9
204.3
172.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

18,744

18,749

18,386

18,374

18,358

12,954

12,946

12,631

12,635

12,613

11,140

11,153

10,912

10,915

10,909

7,657

7,661

7,459

7,475

7,466

645.4
58.2
157.3
123.1
32.6
237.8
90.6
66.7
25.0
25.9
45.7
74.2
59.2
72.2

649.8
56.7
158.3
124.1
32.5
240.1
91.7
67.5
24.6
26.0
45.9
75.9
60.5
72.9

658.7
59.2
155.1
119.9
33.3
250.1
95.1
72.2
24.9
25.9
45.0
76.5
62.1
72.8

659.8
57.6
154.8
119.6
33.2
251.5
95.6
72.7
25.1
25.8
45.6
77.0
62.4
73.3

661.9
_
_
_
_
_

415.8
240.6
108.8
75.5
19.0
27.4

417.9
241.1
109.4
75.9
18.5
27.5

422.1
242.2
110.9
77.1
16.9
27.4

422.5
242.6
110.9
77.0
16.8
28.0

422.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods

-

-

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

785.7
74.2
180.4
141.8
36.7
296.5
117.1
82.9
29.3
28.5
53.5
92.7
70.8
88.4

790.9
72.9
181.4
142.9
36.6
299.0
118.3
83.5
28.8
28.8
53.7
94.6
72.0
89.3

803.3
75.0
178.3
138.4
37.5
312.0
122.7
89.2
29.2
29.0
52.6
96.2
74.3
89.2

804.6
72.9
177.8
137.9
37.4
314.1
123.4
89.8
29.4
29.0
53.0
97.4
74.9
89.4

806.7
_
_
-

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

521.1
283.6
125.5
89.0
22.3
35.1

523.3
284.5
126.1
89.5
21.9
35.3

528.0
284.5
127.3
90.2
20.1
35.3

528.8
285.2
127.3
90.3
20.0
35.9

529.2
—
_
—

See footnotes at end of table.




67

_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

1987
SIC
Cnrif*
wUUc

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

252
253
254
259

65.0
44.4
88.0
40.1

65.1
45.0
88.1
40.6

64.4
46.7
90.5
41.9

63.9
47.0
90.5
42.2

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ..
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products .
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322

546.4
16.6
72.4
25.5
46.9
63.0
17.3
32.6
38.3
208.4
17.6
73.0
99.9
78.9
20.2

559.0
16.5
71.6
25.4
46.2
62.7
17.4
33.2
38.5
220.8
18.2
74.5
110.2
79.3
20.4

552.1
16.3
70.3
25.0
45.3
62.6
17.4
33.1
38.0
215.0
17.8
77.4
101.8
80.0
19.8

556.1
16.5
70.1
25.0
45.1
62.9
17.5
32.9
37.9
218.8
18.2
78.7
103.9
79.7
19.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

24.1

24.1

24.8

24.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ..
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331

719.3
235.2
162.3
28.8
134.2
81.6

717.2
234.2
161.5
28.7
134.0
81.7

694.2
224.1
154.7
28.0
129.0
78.7

693.3
224.0
154.6
28.2
128.6
78.5

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.7

28.7
39.3
22.3
168.9
22.2
21.4
72.7
93.6
25.9

28.5
39.2
22.3
168.7
22.3
21.0
93.1
26.1

28.2
37.4
21.5
165.8
21.4
20.0
71.5
91.0
26.0

28.2
37.3
21.5
165.7
21.3
19.9
71.6
90.8
25.8

1,494.6
37.0
29.7
126.6
43.1
70.5
59.0
24.5
20.3
452.4
78.0
77.3
102.2
121.6
31.2
108.4
56.9
51.5
260.0
33.5
115.8
97.3

1,494.2
36.7
29.5
126.2
43.2
70.0
58.5
24.3
20.0
453.6
78.8
77.9
101.4
121.6
31.2
108.5
56.9
51.6
259.6
33.6
116.2
96.4

1,478.1
35.5
28.5
124.4
41.7
69.7
59.5
24.8
20.2
454.2
80.6
80.3
97.3
121.1
32.9
106.7
55.7
51.0
260.1
32.7
116.5
97.4

1,476.3
35.7
28.7
124.8
42.0
69.8
59.6
24.9
20.1
454.7
80.7
80.4
97.1
121.3
32.7
106.1
55.4
50.7
259.7
32.6
115.9
97.7

3221
3229

323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
3296

3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357

336
3365

34
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
341
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee

111

See footnotes at end of table.




68

Apr.
1999P

567.6

_
_
_
_
692.1
223.4

_
1,473.1

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

48.2
34.7
65.8
26.5

48.2
35.2
66.2
27.2

46.4
36.6
68.3
28.6

46.0
36.8
68.3
28.8

426.0
13.3
59.9
22.8
37.1
49.1
13.1
25.2
30.1
159.1
11.2
55.9
77.8
61.1
16.2

437.0
13.2
59.1
22.7
36.4
48.8
13.2
25.8
30.3
170.3
11.5
57.1
87.6
61.3
16.3

429.7
12.9
57.5
21.7
35.8
47.9
13.0
25.5
29.8
165.5
11.4
59.9
79.9
62.4
15.7

433.4
13.2
57.6
21.9
35.7
48.1
12.9
25.6
29.8
168.8
11.8
60.9
81.8
61.9
15.5

2.1
-

2.1
-

2.1
-

2.0
-

565.0
182.2
126.9
21.7
110.2
67.5

563.3
181.4
126.1
21.6
110.0
67.5

542.5
173.1
120.5
21.2
105.7
65.3

541.5
173.5
120.8
21.5
105.5
65.1

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.6

23.6
30.5
18.2
130.0
17.9
16.1
55.4
75.9
21.2

23.5
30.5
18.2
129.7
18.0
15.7
55.3
75.6
21.4

23.1
29.1
17.5
125.8
17.3
14.8
54.0
74.1
21.4

23.2
28.8
17.5
125.1
17.2
14.7
53.6
74.0
21.1

1,129.7
31.4
25.6
97.7
33.4
54.4
41.5
17.7
13.1
331.2
57.3
56.6
73.9
93.2
22.8
85.5
46.5
39.0
206.4
25.7
95.1
75.4

1,128.9
31.2
25.5
97.4
33.5
54.0
41.1
17.6
12.8
331.6
57.4
57.1
73.3
93.2
22.8
85.4
46.4
39.0
205.8
25.7
95.4
74.4

1,110.8
30.2
24.8
95.4
32.2
53.4
42.1
18.1
13.0
331.6
58.9
59.1
69.7
92.7
24.2
83.6
45.3
38.3
204.5
24.6
95.4
74.1

1,110.8
30.4
24.9
95.9
32.7
53.5
42.5
18.2
13.2
331.8
58.8
59.3
69.6
92.7
24.1
83.0
44.9
38.1
204.1
24.4
94.9
74.4

Apr.
1999P

_
444.3

_
_
_
_
_
_
540.4
173.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,108.5

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

141.9
86.5
55.4
41.2
22.0
268.1
26.1
57.0

142.2
86.4
55.8
41.0
21.8
267.9
25.9
56.8

138.4
84.1
54.3
39.0
20.6
260.3
24.7
57.7

Mar.
1999P

138.0
84.2
53.8
38.4
20.0
259.3
24.5
57.6

Apr.
1999P

_
-

2,211.0 2,206.8 2,134.9 2,129.8 2,124.6
83.4
83.2
83.6
83.5
23.7
23.9
24.1
24.2
59.4
59.7
59.3
59.4
97.9
98.5
107.2
106.9
71.2
71.3
79.9
80.1
253.4
246.7
246.2
254.2
91.5
91.6
92.8
92.9
16.2
16.1
16.9
16.8
43.4
51.4
51.6
43.8
_
42.2
41.1
41.6
42.5
33.1
32.0
32.0
33.1
_
339.4
352.8
351.9
340.3
40.6
42.6
42.7
41.1
_
17.3
18.2
18.1
17.3
165.0
164.8
170.5
169.3
52.2
52.3
54.1
54.3
19.7
19.7
20.4
20.5
_
174.4
174.0
185.6
185.5
14.7
14.7
_
15.3
15.3
22.5
21.9
23.3
23.6
24.5
24.6
25.2
24.9
_
259.7
267.4
266.4
261.5
29.7
30.4
29.6
30.5
40.2
39.8
41.0
41.0
27.4
27.3
26.8
26.7
—
35.4
35.6
35.3
35.5
17.7
18.4
18.4
17.5
21.9
21.9
22.3
22.3
355.3
379.0
376.4
356.8
356.9
179.5
177.8
198.3
196.2
61.3
204.6
141.6
377.5
23.2
306.0

61.3
204.3
141.2
377.6
23.2
305.8

61.3
203.1
140.9
370.8
23.8
299.1

61.7
203.7
141.9
369.8
23.7
298.6

1,718.4
82.9
39.2
43.7
154.1
76.5
56.8
115.7
23.9
17.7
25.6

1,714.5
82.9
38.9
44.0
154.0
76.5
56.7
115.5
24.3
17.6
25.5

1,652.0
82.7
38.4
44.3
148.5
73.8
54.7
115.6
23.6
18.6
23.4

1,652.4
83.1
38.5
44.6
147.8
73.3
54.3
115.6
23.5
18.9
22.6

See footnotes at end of table.




Prodijction wortcers1

All employees
I

69

_
1,648.8
_
_
_
—
—
_
—

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

114.9
70.9
44.0
23.2
10.0
197.9
19.2
42.9

115.3
70.7
44.6
23.3
10.0
197.8
19.1
42.9

111.5
68.4
43.1
22.7
9.7
189.2
17.6
43.5

Mar.
1999P

111.0
68.5
42.5
22.5
9.5
189.6
18.2
43.5

Apr.
1999P

-

1,400.5 1,397.1 1,352.8 1,349.8 1,342.9
54.8
55.0
52.6
52.5
12.9
13.0
13.6
13.6
41.9
42.0
39.0
38.9
70.8
70.3
78.2
78.6
50.2
_
58.1
58.4
49.8
_
156.3
157.0
166.0
166.0
62.0
61.7
63.9
64.1
_
9.3
9.4
10.0
10.0
26.6
27.4
35.0
34.8
_
22.2
22.3
22.2
22.5
23.1
22.3
23.0
22.5
_
242.0
252.2
242.5
253.3
_
25.4
27.1
25.0
27.0
_
10.7
10.7
11.4
11.4
_
125.7
125.7
129.9
130.8
_
38.7
37.4
38.8
37.3
14.4
14.4
14.6
14.5
_
95.4
100.4
95.7
101.0
_
9.4
9.4
9.9
10.0
12.5
_
13.2
12.8
13.3
14.7
15.1
14.9
14.6
165.2
166.6
170.5
171.5
_
16.9
17.0
17.8
17.8
30.5
30.8
31.7
31.9
_
15.5
15.1
15.2
15.5
_
24.1
24.7
24.7
24.2
_
13.4
12.8
13.3
13.0
_
15.4
15.3
15.6
15.6
_
145.4
142.9
142.7
145.0
69.0
69.1
69.7
70.2
24.0
147.9
108.1
284.3
18.6
235.4

24.1
147.8
108.0
284.4
18.7
235.1

23.6
145.7
106.6
277.3
19.0
228.2

23.5
146.0
107.3
276.4
18.8
228.0

1,084.5
56.1
26.7
29.4
107.8
59.6
33.1
91.7
18.9
14.0
19.2

1,078.2
55.7
26.2
29.5
107.6
59.5
33.0
91.4
19.3
13.9
18.9

1,030.2
56.2
26.0
30.2
102.5
56.5
31.8
93.3
19.3
16.0
17.0

1,035.7
56.6
26.3
30.3
101.5
56.1
31.4
94.3
19.5
16.3
17.0

_
_
_
_
1,031.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

130.2
16.9
41.9
13.4
15.9
49.5
30.8
128.8
58.3
414.3
17.0
134.5
103.4
106.1
19.9
51.1

129.6
16.9
41.8
13.4
15.5
49.5
30.7
129.4
58.8
410.4
16.7
132.8
102.2
104.6
19.7
50.0

126.8
16.2
40.3
13.9
15.5
48.9
30.5
120.9
52.4
380.4
15.9
115.4
97.0
101.2
19.8
48.8

126.7
16.3
40.3
13.9
15.2
49.8
30.7
122.0
55.2
383.6
16.1
117.0
96.5
101.2
19.8
48.7

1,283.8
785.7
268.1
33.5
435.7
30.7
268.7
116.6
56.9
95.2
123.0
72.1
50.9
25.9
24.3
15.3
39.9
19.4

1,282.5
785.0
267.6
33.8
435.3
30.8
267.5
115.9
56.6
95.0
122.7
71.4
51.3
26.1
24.3
15.3
40.6
19.8

1,228.5
745.3
240.7
34.7
419.8
31.5
255.0
110.7
51.2
93.1
123.7
70.7
53.0
23.8
22.2
13.7
42.2
20.2

1,236.4
754.9
248.1
35.2
421.5
31.2
252.1
109.2
50.7
92.2
124.3
70.5
53.8
24.0
21.8
13.6
42.9
20.5

1,227.5
756.8

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

183.0
21.9
63.8
18.0
21.2
77.1
52.2
278.4
124.4
679.7
22.9
292.4
149.9
147.5
25.7
66.2

182.6
21.9
63.7
18.0
20.9
77.1
52.1
279.6
125.8
676.7
22.7
291.8
148.7
146.1
25.5
65.3

176.7
20.2
60.5
18.7
20.7
76.4
51.7
268.3
121.8
642.1
21.7
270.0
143.3
141.7
25.3
63.3

176.3
20.2
60.3
18.6
20.3
76.4
51.3
267.6
120.2
643.3
21.7
270.0
143.1
142.3
25.3
63.9

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,888.6
1,003.5
356.8
42.3
545.6
37.6
522.9
273.8
102.3
146.8
161.1
100.5
60.6
33.6
90.4
62.7
54.3
23.0

1,891.6
1,004.9
357.9
42.5
545.5
38.0
523.7
273.3
103.5
146.9
161.1
99.8
61.3
33.9
90.4
62.6
54.8
23.4

1,856.7
984.9
344.3
43.7
535.5
39.3
508.9
263.9
100.6
144.4
164.1
100.5
63.6
33.9
84.9
58.9
56.6
23.8

1,862.0
991.2
348.9
44.2
536.3
39.5
508.2
260.6
103.6
144.0
164.4
99.9
64.5
34.1
83.5
58.4
57.1
24.1

1,854.0
995.0

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies ....
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts .

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

867.3
160.5
303.0
40.8
66.4
77.4
279.8
109.2
97.2
36.5
79.7
7.8

866.3
160.7
302.7
40.7
66.1
77.5
279.3
109.2
97.1
36.9
79.1
7.6

838.2
156.2
290.6
38.8
64.4
72.9
276.4
108.0
96.9
35.6
72.1
7.3

835.6
155.0
289.0
38.7
64.1
72.5
276.9
108.2
97.2
35.5
72.2
7.0

832.5

433.8
43.2
156.1
27.8
34.1
33.0
165.4
70.2
60.5
24.3
38.3
6.5

433.3
43.5
155.4
27.5
33.8
32.9
165.5
70.3
60.4
24.7
37.9
6.3

424.1
43.9
148.9
27.1
33.1
29.1
166.4
70.0
61.1
25.1
33.8
6.0

423.7
44.0
148.4
27.1
32.7
29.2
166.6
69.9
61.3
25.2
33.7
5.8

421.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

388.0
48.3
36.3
16.7
106.2
34.8
71.4
30.7
23.1
12.9
163.0
71.0

389.2
48.6
36.5
16.6
106.6
34.3
72.3
30.6
23.0
12.8
163.8
72.0

374.7
49.4
36.6
16.7
95.0
30.4
64.6
29.5
21.7
12.1
162.4
74.7

376.4
49.5
36.8
16.8
95.8
30.5
65.3
29.6
21.7
12.1
163.0
74.4

379.9

272.0
33.4
24.7
13.2
72.6
22.2
50.4
21.4
16.5
9.4
114.9
46.1

273.3
33.8
25.0
13.1
73.1
21.9
51.2
21.5
16.5
9.4
115.3
47.1

259.4
33.7
24.5
13.4
63.7
19.2
44.5
20.5
15.4
8.4
112.7
48.7

261.3
33.7
24.5
13.5
64.6
19.4
45.2
20.5
15.7
8.6
113.3
48.5

264.5

See footnotes at end of table.




70

641.4

501.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers'

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

7,604
1,663.8
494.8
153.9
96.2
244.7
141.7
39.6
61.9
206.6
18.3
56.5
44.3
124.2
18.7
39.9
206.2
149.0

7,596
1,663.2
496.0
153.9
96.5
245.6
141.9
39.7
61.8
208.8
18.4
58.1
43.9
123.4
18.8
39.6
205.8
150.0

7,474
1,680.3
507.0
156.1
99.9
251.0
140.9
39.4
62.0
207.5
17.2
54.5
45.5
125.1
19.2
39.8
207.6
148.4

7,459
1,676.2
508.1
156.0
100.2
251.9
141.4
39.2
62.0
207.1
17.0
54.2
45.6
124.1
19.0
39.7
205.8
147.3

7,449
1,671.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
-

5,297
1,231.4
419.5
128.6
74.7
216.2
95.9
32.1
36.2
170.1
14.3
45.2
38.2
89.0
11.5
26.2
138.4
90.3

5,285
1,228.8
420.6
128.0
75.2
217.4
96.1
32.2
36.0
172.3
14.5
47.0
37.5
87.7
11.5
25.8
137.6
90.8

5,172
1,248.3
431.7
130.0
79.0
222.7
97.2
32.4
36.8
170.9
13.0
44.0
39.0
88.7
11.8
26.0
140.0
89.6

5,160
1,245.5
433.0
130.5
79.4
223.1
97.8
32.1
37.0
170.8
13.0
43.9
39.0
88.4
11.8
26.0
139.0
89.2

5,147
1,235.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

57.2
96.5
6.3
4.2
7.2
53.4
32.6
180.2
33.1
94.3
181.0

55.8
92.7
4.9
4.1
7.5
51.1
32.8
181.0
33.5
95.1
180.8

59.2
96.4
6.9
4.1
9.1
51.4
35.8
181.5
32.5
95.1
178.5

58.5
94.0
7.0
4.1
7.3
51.5
35.9
181.5
32.6
95.1
178.3

48.1
75.1
5.1
3.1
6.3
41.7
23.0
88.1
20.9
39.1
132.3

46.8
71.2
3.6
3.1
6.5
39.3
23.0
88.8
21.2
39.5
131.5

50.4
75.7
5.4
3.2
8.1
40.4
24.7
89.0
20.0
39.3
130.4

49.8
73.0
5.5
3.2
6.2
40.5
24.8
88.6
19.9
39.0
130.1

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

40.5
27.4

39.5
27.2

40.5
25.5

38.0
25.3

35.9
-

31.5
20.5

30.5
20.4

31.1
18.3

28.8
18.4

26.6
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yam and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

602.5
70.1
64.8
13.7
21.1
163.4
18.2
36.5
49.0
12.3
25.3
65.7
30.6
20.5
65.0
84.4
61.4
16.1
54.3

603.9
70.6
65.2
13.7
21.0
163.7
17.5
36.2
49.5
13.1
25.3
65.0
30.1
20.3
65.7
85.0
62.0
16.2
54.0

570.7
64.9
62.5
11.5
20.7
149.6
16.5
35.5
43.0
11.3
22.2
60.1
28.0
18.5
66.8
81.4
59.1
15.9
53.2

568.0
65.0
61.5
11.2
20.6
148.4
16.4
35.5
42.0
10.9
22.4
60.2
28.2
18.4
67.1
80.9
58.6
15.9
53.1

565.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

511.6
62.6
54.8
11.6
17.4
139.7
16.0
31.9
42.1
10.9
21.3
53.9
25.1
16.5
54.5
75.1
55.2
13.8
42.0

512.5
63.1
55.2
11.5
17.2
139.6
15.2
31.5
42.5
11.7
21.3
53.4
24.6
16.4
55.1
75.5
55.6
13.8
41.9

482.3
57.8
53.1
9.6
16.9
126.2
14.1
30.9
36.8
10.0
18.2
50.3
23.8
15.1
56.0
71.6
52.3
13.7
40.8

481.5
58.0
52.2
9.4
16.8
125.7
14.2
30.9
36.0
9.6
18.5
50.4
23.9
15.0
56.6
71.4
52.1
13.7
41.0

479.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

792.0
28.6
192.3
39.8
64.9
29.1
242.4
20.7
39.4
23.9
158.4

784.7
28.4
191.1
39.4
65.2
28.7
238.0
20.7
38.5
23.6
155.2

710.7
25.9
166.0
32.1
58.5
26.0
211.1
19.3
34.4
20.7
136.7

708.3
25.5
161.9
31.0
57.0
25.5
212.5
19.3
34.8
20.6
137.8

702.5
_
_
_
-

640.4
23.2
162.5
34.5
56.4
24.8
193.4
15.9
30.4
18.4
128.7

632.5
23.1
161.1
34.2
56.2
24.4
188.5
15.7
29.7
18.1
125.0

567.7
20.3
139.2
27.6
50.6
22.3
164.8
14.2
26.2
15.8
108.6

565.7
20.2
135.0
26.6
48.5
22.1
166.4
14.2
27.1
15.2
109.9

561.8

See footnotes at end of table.




71

_
-

_
_
_
-

-

_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

32.6
24.0
8.6
26.9
10.8
33.2
218.8
18.9
57.3
60.5

32.3
23.8
8.5
26.0
10.1
33.2
218.9
19.3
56.7
60.6

29.0
21.1
7.9
21.9
8.5
30.4
210.7
17.2
56.7
58.7

682.2
155.4
50.0

669.6
149.8

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated .
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

684.6
155.3

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

49.0

49.0

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282

1,034.1

2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

Production workers1

All employees

50.1

218.8
133.2
16.9

46.9
248.6
48.1
40.7
25.7

218.1
132.7
16.7
46.8

49.0
214.8

130.9
16.5

246.9
48.1
40.4
25.5

46.0
244.5
47.0
39.4
25.5

1,560.6
442.4
138.4
128.8

1,564.0
442.7

1,556.9
441.1

138.8

89.9
38.9
90.2
575.5
374.2

90.0
39.0
91.2

140.6
126.1
88.0
38.1

181.8
42.7
65.7

115.8
69.8
154.9
80.4
44.6
270.6
214.5
156.8
41.5
40.5
74.8

Mar.
1999P

29.0
20.9

1,032.1
115.6

1,029.2

1,028.4

112.3

69.6

68.6
149.7
79.3

112.1
68.5
148.6

154.7
80.3
44.6
270.8
215.1
155.7

41.5
40.5
73.7
51.7

41.0
278.8
221.3
154.7
42.3
41.7
70.7
52.7

Apr.
1999P

666.5

521.6
121.5
38.8
169.4
99.4
15.2
38.0
182.5
25.0
32.0
20.0

519.5
121.5
38.6
168.8
99.0
15.0
38.1
181.2
24.8
31.8
19.9

507.0
117.2
37.6
166.2
97.9
14.8
37.0
176.8
22.1
30.8
19.7

504.8
116.6
37.6
164.9
97.3
14.9
36.7
176.5
21.9
30.7
19.6

504.8

1,555.5

845.1
146.8
46.5
65.9
35.1
30.8
42.5
410.1
266.3
128.4
30.5
49.8
33.0

845.5
147.4
46.2
65.9
34.9
31.0
42.5
409.9
266.2
128.4
30.3
49.7
32.9

832.3
146.4
43.7
58.3
28.4
29.9
45.4
409.3
269.6
125.0
28.7
47.7
32.2

830.5
146.8
43.5
57.2
28.0
29.2
45.5
408.3
269.0
124.5
28.5
47.9
32.3

828.7

1,027.8

581.8
60.9
35.5
103.4
49.6
35.3
124.5
100.7
97.6
22.7
23.0
51.9
27.4
79.7
14.1
63.8
31.5
56.8

581.3
61.0
35.4
103.3
49.5
35.4
124.5
100.6
96.7
22.8
23.0
50.9
27.4
79.9
14.0
64.1
31.6
56.9

578.4
61.3
36.3
97.7
47.9
32.4
127.6
104.1
97.3
25.8
23.4
48.1
27.8
77.9
13.2
62.9
30.8
58.0

577.3
60.4
36.5
97.1
47.8
31.8
128.1
104.8
96.7
26.1
23.3
47.3
27.9
111
13.0
62.9
31.2
58.2

578.3

39.5
25.4

178.3
42.5
63.1
48.1

Mar.
1999P

23.2
16.5
6.7
17.5
8.0
23.3
167.4
13.5
47.4
46.1

16.5
45.6
244.2
46.7

178.4
42.5
63.0
48.0

42.9
65.3

Feb.
1999

23.2
16.7
6.5
17.6
7.4
23.7
166.7
13.4
47.6
45.4

213.5
130.4

93.0
575.1
378.0

576.9
375.4
181.8

Apr.
1998

25.3
19.1
6.2
21.3
8.7
26.7
173.1
14.7
47.7
47.2

9.1
30.0
211.5
17.3
56.4
59.3
667.5
149.3
49.0

Mar.
1998

25.7
19.4
6.3
22.1
9.4
26.6
173.4
14.7
48.3
46.8

8.1
21.6

1,554.6
440.9
140.5
125.0
87.7
37.3
93.1
574.2
377.2

129.0

Apr.
1999P

79.3
40.4
279.5
221.6
153.5
41.7
41.6
70.2

52.9

287

51.8
138.1
23.4
112.2
51.6

289

94.5

51.8
94.3

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

133.2
93.1
25.5

135.6
93.3
27.8

130.0
90.6
24.7

130.5
90.1
25.7

133.0

86.6
60.3
18.4

89.0
60.5
20.6

85.0
59.2
17.8

85.8
58.8
19.0

88.0

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee ...

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

1,007.8
79.4
6.9

1,006.4

1,011.3

29.2
112.4
737.0

112.1
735.3

782.3
58.2
5.3
55.8
23.0
86.3
576.7

781.8
58.6
5.2
55.8
23.0
86.0
576.2

784.7
58.2
4.2
55.0
23.9
84.9
582.4

784.5
57.8
4.1
55.4
24.3
84.7
582.5

789.3

77.9
5.7
71.3

1,012.4
77.4
5.6

1,016.6

79.9
6.7
72.4
29.3

2869

72.1

111.1

136.1
22.1
111.5

51.2
93.9

51.7
94.0

See footnotes at end of table.




135.9
22.3

137.5
23.3
111.7

72

30.1
110.9
745.5

71.7
30.6
110.7
747.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

Production workers'

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

85.1
13.2
36.8
20.3
9.6
10.6
9.0

84.5
13.2
36.3
19.7
9.6
10.2
9.2

75.0
11.3
32.0
17.8
8.0
8.4
8.4

74.7
11.2
31.9
17.6
8.1
8.5
8.3

73.9
-

6,456

6,484

6,593

6,614

6,653

4,132

4,153

4,228

4,245

4,281

_
_
_
-

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

64.3
10.9
29.3
15.8
7.4
7.2
5.1

63.8
10.9
28.8
15.2
7.4
7.0
5.3

55.6
9.2
25.3
13.5
6.4
6.1
4.6

55.4
9.1
25.3
13.4
6.7
6.3
4.5

54.6
_
_
-

5,329

5,345

5,477

5,478

5,508

-

-

-

_

-

-

_

_

-

-

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

40
4011

228.0
201.4

230.9
204.0

230.9
204.2

230.8
204.1

232.1
-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

472.8
234.8
31.7
21.2
151.4

467.0
234.9
31.1
21.4
145.0

480.8
238.6
31.8
23.5
155.0

484.4
239.9
32.2
23.7
155.9

486.9
_
_
-

434.1
213.7
_
19.1
-

427.6
212.9
_
19.2
-

440.4
216.0
_
21.0
-

443.7
217.3
_
21.1
-

_
_
_
_
-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air...
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,658.1
1,496.1
156.8

1,674.8
1,514.8
155.1

1,701.8
1,535.6
161.3

1,710.0
1,543.6
161.5

1,726.0
-

1,449.3
1,314.0
130.6

1,465.2
1,331.8
129.1

1,484.8
1,346.1
134.3

1,493.4
1,354.5
134.5

_
_
-

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

176.9
14.4
120.5

180.2
14.2
123.0

180.6
15.3
121.4

178.8
15.2
119.1

185.5

_
_
105.8

_
_
105.4

_
_
102.9

_
_
-

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,136.6
966.1
518.6
126

1,139.8
967.3
522.7
127

1,166.7
985.2
533.4
135

1,172.4
990.7
536.1
135

1,178.7
_
-

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

14.1

14.0

14.0

14.0

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

445.9
217.1
173.8
181.4

446.2
217.6
173.6
180.2

453.0
216.0
172.2
189.5

2,324

2,331

1,469.2
1,011.8
846.7
244.1
115.6
128.5
182.2

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

-

_
107.9

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
-

14.0

11.4

11.4

11.5

11.5

-

454.6
217.0
172.5
190.4

458.0
_
_
-

364.9
182.9
146.4
142.5

364.8
183.2
146.1
140.9

370.1
180.9
144.2
149.9

371.1
181.5
144.4
150.6

_
_
_
-

2,365

2,369

2,372

1,477.3
1,018.7
854.4
245.0
117.1
127.9
182.5

1,520.2
1,051.1
886.1
245.0
118.0
127.0
189.8

1,522.2
1,051.7
886.8
244.9
117.8
127.1
191.3

1,528.2

855.2
363.1
140.5
157.5
161.7

853.5
362.3
139.7
157.2
161.8

844.4
359.1
136.6
153.6
162.4

846.3
361.7
136.1
153.3
162.3

844.2
-

6,744

6,781

6,862

6,884

4,027
516.2
147.9
289.8
162.5
78.4
84.1

4,047
517.6
148.2
290.2
162.2
78.2
84.0

4,108
528.1
154.2
293.5
166.4
80.9
85.5

4,118
528.6
155.0
293.3
167.0
80.7
86.3

See footnotes at end of table.




-

-

73

-

-

-

-

-

1,061.6
697.0
575.6
201.7
_
149.4

1,059.6
695.1
576.9
202.1
_
_
148.9

1,128.7
760.0
632.0
200.2
_
_
154.2

1,114.4
745.4
617.4
199.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

680.7
291.8
109.0
122.0
132.2

680.7
291.6
108.5
122.0
133.1

678.5
290.8
106.3
122.0
133.8

679.0
291.7
106.4
121.3
133.7

6,917

5,396

5,427

5,492

5,509

4,134

3,170
413.2

3,186
413.9
_

3,240
413.9
_

128.5
_
-

132.4

3,245
414.0
_
_
132.8

_
_
-

-

_
_
_
-

_
129.0
_
-

-

155.4

-

_
_
_
5,534
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals ...
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

214.4

219.0

222.4

224.8

690.9

693.6

748.8

749.1

150.3
121.5
402.1

149.8
122.3
401.1

160.6
121.5
406.1

160.9
121.5
405.9

245.2

246.5

246.1

246.4

666.8

672.3

664.6

664.7

286.7

289.1

284.1

285.6

2,226
222.3

2,241
222.8

2,252
224.7

2,264
225.5

177.7
179.8
753.8

177.1
180.2
752.6

185.4
181.9
760.6

186.4
183.5
759.5

83.3
109.6
129.6

85.1
109.8
130.3

86.1
111.3
129.9

85.2
111.9
129.4

122.4

123.1

125.8

125.9

447.4

460.0

446.7

456.2

22,643

19,149

19,373

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

259.1
134.1
37.6
895.2
208.8
359.2
186.5
150.4
552.3
231.2
49.4
271.7
301.5
108.4
118.3
835.2
91.0
122.6
338.1
156.9
354.3
133.8

264.1
134.8
38.7
897.2
210.0
358.7
186.1
151.5
552.9
231.6
49.5
271.8
302.2
109.1
118.5
841.9
91.8
124.8
340.0
158.7
357.1
133.5

269.0
140.2
39.5
947.7
219.1
382.0
198.2
151.9
555.5
236.2
51.2
268.1
300.5
108.2
118.4
836.0
93.8
122.1
334.4
157.0
352.5
127.8

271.2
140.9
39.8
951.2
220.3
382.9
199.1
151.9
556.6
236.8
52.1
267.7
300.6
107.9
118.5
836.4
94.2
123.0
333.1
156.5
354.2
126.8

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,717
266.0
155.4
214.0
222.5
897.2
288.1
55.3
92.7
103.7
150.1
156.9
65.4
91.5
152.0
97.1
54.9
554.4
167.9

2,734
266.6
155.7
213.5
222.6
896.9
288.6
54.6
93.8
105.2
150.0
158.0
65.4
92.6
152.8
97.9
54.9
568.5
176.4

2,754
271.0
159.2
222.2
223.3
907.6
284.4
56.0
96.0
107.2
152.7
158.3
66.4
91.9
155.8
99.7
56.1
556.1
167.1

2,766
272.4
159.5
223.8
224.8
906.5
283.2
56.3
95.7
106.1
153.3
157.5
66.2
91.3
156.3
100.2
56.1
565.7
171.8

2,783

21,823

22,085

22,298

22,363

Mar.
1999P

19,540

19,606

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

930.5
568.0
68.6
161.5
86.3

979.7
589.1
68.9
163.7
110.2

952.3
586.6
71.0
163.9
82.1

978.1
599.7
70.8
165.3
93.2

1,019.8

768.3
477.2
52.7
132.1
70.2

814.9
496.4
53.0
134.3
93.3

785.1
493.3
53.0
135.1
65.6

809.5
505.5
52.6
136.7
76.2

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,660.0
2,343.2
133.6
183.2

2,674.6
2,355.9
136.3
182.4

2,738.2
2,417.6
134.5
186.1

2,747.6
2,428.7
135.6
183.3

2,739.6
2,423.3

2,454.9
2,185.0
112.8
157.1

2,470.4
2,199.1
115.1
156.2

2,546.5
2,271.4
115.7
159.4

2,551.7
2,280.1
115.1
156.5

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores..
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,486.8
3,060.2
47.1
12.3
221.1

3,489.0
3,050.6
50.2
13.1
222.5

3,526.5
3,076.7
48.7
12.7
228.5

3,516.8
3,068.6
49.2
12.6
228.2

3,524.8

3,160.9
2,796.6

3,161.0
2,785.4

3,190.5
2,807.7

3,180.2
2,798.9

192.9

193.6

198.0

197.5

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,311.2
1,054.7

2,327.9
1,056.5

2,365.9
1,073.4

2,374.0
1,078.3

2,393.3
1,084.7

1,920.8
883.8

1,930.9
884.3

1,958.3
900.2

1,967.5
904.8

Retail trade .

See footnotes at end of table.




74

Apr.
1999P

19,856

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

305.4
571.1
8.0

307.8
573.4
7.9

310.6
581.4
8.5

314.6
578.1
8.3

1,091.6

887.2
64.4
222.2
299.7
154.3

896.5
65.0
223.2
301.6
159.3

908.6
62.5
222.7
316.2
155.6

908.2
61.6
221.0
315.9
156.1

1,097.1
551.6
328.5
69.7
475.8
203.9
94.1

1,103.1

851.7
430.0

850.2
431.3

903.7
448.8

902.3
448.6

56.3
365.4
159.8
68.3

55.5
363.4
159.6
67.0

57.5
397.4
170.2
79.1

56.9
396.8
169.4
78.7

7,599.4

7,661.1

7,853.8

6,762.4

6,897.4

6,807.1

6,872.3

2,825.3
641.7
111.4
120.1
972.1
192.7
124.3
91.9
141.2
221.6
49.9
346.0
220.4
69.4
96.9
537.1
161.4
73.7
302.0

2,929.1
669.6
109.9
125.0
1,020.8
197.7
135.3
96.2
151.3
229.4
49.6
346.7
227.0
68.3
102.6
554.5
174.7
74.4
305.4

2,899.9
671.5
110.2
124.2
1,007.2
195.6
131.1
94.0
147.3
229.4
49.4
342.7
223.0
68.0
101.4
542.7
159.2
75.5
308.0

2,916.6

2,342.6
539.6

2,351.7
538.2

2,440.0
561.3

2,414.0
565.3

99.2
808.0

100.1
807.1

104.0
854.2

103.1
841.4

295.1

293.0

293.9

289.4

82.9
428.4

80.1
442.7

85.0
452.7

83.9
442.4

59.1
239.8

59.2
246.8

58.2
246.1

59.1
249.5

7,213

7,261

7,431

7,454

7,496

5,287

5,329

5,442

5,461

3,504

3,514

3,620

3,630

3,646

2,034.8
1,459.0
595.5
863.5
261.8
145.4
116.4
176.8

2,035.0
1,457.2
596.7
860.5
263.0
145.9
117.1
177.2

2,043.9
1,455.0
612.8
842.2
264.4
145.3
119.1
182.4

2,047.2
1,455.2
613.7
841.5
265.7
146.2
119.5
183.5

2,049.5
1,456.2

1,462.8
1,034.7
426.2
608.5

1,461.9
1,031.8
426.3
605.5

1,468.2
1,029.4
439.6
589.8

1,473.2
1,032.1
441.4
590.7

140.4

141.1

145.3

146.2

671.8

416.5
112.8

418.1
110.7

449.4
107.1

453.5
106.4

94.6

95.2

104.0

104.4

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

553
554
559

397.3
658.3
9.8

401.2
663.6
9.7

410.8
673.4
10.3

412.5
670.6
10.2

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,064.0
79.2
267.4
337.8
194.5

1,076.3
80.1
268.8
340.4
200.5

1,088.8
77.6
269.0
356.2
198.3

1,088.7
76.6
267.7
356.6
198.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,037.2
529.4
314.3
69.6
438.2
191.9
81.1

1,035.3
530.8
315.2
68.5
436.0
191.4
80.2

1,098.1
552.4
327.1
70.3
475.4
204.8
93.1

Eating and drinking places

58

7,519.8

7,677.0

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

2,813.7
59
642.5
591
110.5
592
119.0
593
972.2
594
191.3
5941
127.4
5942
91.9
5943
142.8
5944
217.6
5947
50.0
5949
348.8
596
223.6
5961
68.7
5962
99.7
598
521.0
599
153.4
5992,3,4
73.3
5995
294.3
5999

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

Mar.
1999P

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

602.3
185.5
119.5
275.6

605.4
184.8
119.7
278.8

660.1
191.7
130.8
314.6

664.4
191.1
130.1
320.1

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

630.5
464.1

634.3
466.7

662.5
484.5

664.4
485.6

622,3
628

25.4
141.0

25.3
142.3

25.4
152.6

25.2
153.6

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

236.3
109.7

239.2
110.1

253.9
117.1

254.3
118.3

See footnotes at end of table.




75

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1999P

264.8

323.2
669.9

255.2

Apr.
1999P

5,489

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

63,64

2,298

2,309

2,358

2,365

2,369

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans ..
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,562.7
523.3
348.4
285.8
541.5
77.2

1,572.1
526.0
351.3
288.5
542.8
79.1

1,606.3
531.6
362.1
297.9
547.4
89.7

1,609.6
532.9
362.7
298.1
548.7
89.9

1,611.1

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .

64

735.7

737.1

751.8

755.2

758.1

65
651
653
655

1,411
572.3
692.3
109.6

1,438
576.9
705.4
118.4

1,453
576.7
721.2
112.8

1,459
577.4
724.1
116.2

1,481

36,864

37,263

37,868

38,173

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers
Services .

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

1,173.4
345.5
282.7
235.5
424.9

1,185.8
350.4
284.9
238.0
427.5

1,225.0
358.5
288.9
241.7
443.1

1,229.7
357.4
290.3
242.3
444.4

38,628

32,171

32,527

32,929

33,201

512.5
155.2
316.8

598.2
157.2
399.9

530.5
162.0
326.6

556.4
163.2
351.3

1,444.0

1,469.1

1,443.3

1,457.9

386.0

387.6

380.4

380.5

353.8

354.4

358.5

358.2

202.2

203.3

215.4

209.2

7,401.1
190.0

7,630.1
194.6

7,709.8
196.5

68.0
863.8
77.2
786.6
202.9
29.3
38.9
134.7

65.9
874.3
76.4
797.9
201.8
30.9
39.5
131.4

66.7
879.2
78.3
800.9
203.0
30.7
39.1
133.2

2,667.3
1,243.8
306.1

2,640.5
1,390.0
337.0

2,695.5
1,402.7
339.7

123.5

145.8

145.2

63.4
39.7
1,543.2
549.8
48.3

78.2
43.0
1,635.0
570.9
50.6

79.4
43.8
1,634.8
569.4
50.3

929.9
164.8
111.8
65.6
494.0
178.4
204.9

955.5
171.8
114.7
65.6
506.5
187.0
205.4

960.9
172.4
115.5
65.6
508.8
188.1
205.9

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

617.3
184.7
384.1

709.6
187.0
473.0

640.0
192.4
396.9

667.9
193.7
423.5

762.5

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,688.8
1,647.9

1,720.5
1,677.2

1,689.8
1,649.0

1,706.2
1,663.8

1,731.0

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,239.8
438.9
56.9
400.7
99.4
228.6

1,242.9
440.3
57.4
400.6
99.7
229.7

1,242.2
433.5
42.7
407.8
100.4
243.2

1,234.4
433.6
42.4
407.2
99.2
237.3

1,242.8

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

8,285.6
264.1
172.8
137.4
314.1
78.8
959.5
93.0
866.5
254.5
41.5
45.4
167.6
3,041.2
330.4
2,710.8
1,544.5
356.5
257.8
177.9
264.8
87.6
57.3
1,770.3
589.4
58.4
76.7

8,356.9 8,648.9
273.3
263.9
177.0
172.8
138.6
138.7
319.9
314.1
79.8
79.5
985.4
966.3
95.2
95.6
890.2
870.7
256.1
257.2
40.7
40.2
46.9
45.8
168.5
171.2
3,080.6 3,077.5
344.2
333.9
2,746.7 2,733.3
1,560.6 1,725.1
394.1
359.4
295.7
261.8
197.3
178.7
291.2
267.0
102.6
89.2
59.7
57.6
1,775.5 1,873.0
619.2
596.8
61.6
59.5
78.0
77.3

8,740.4 8,839.7 7,341.2
275.4
190.1
178.9
139.8
319.5
80.6
66.9
991.1 1,002.9
856.9
97.8
75.1
893.3
781.8
257.7
200.9
39.9
30.5
46.6
38.5
171.2
131.9
3,141.2 3,201.6
347.5
2,793.7 2,849.4 2,633.3
1,738.5 1,752.3 1,233.4
304.4
397.1
299.2
198.0
124.1
294.0
104.1
61.4
60.5
39.1
1,877.2
1,541.3
619.0
542.8
61.3
49.3
78.6

Auto repair, services, and parking ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops ..
General automotive repair shops .

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,144.2
201.5
134.8
74.2
624.5
219.4
264.6

1,144.1
202.6
135.6
75.2
625.5
218.5
266.0

1,185.9
212.0
141.1
75.4
648.4
231.4
271.5

See footnotes at end of table.




76

1,181.5
211.6
140.6
75.5
647.1
230.5
271.8

1,185.5

932.1
164.3
111.6
64.6
495.5
179.3
206.4

Apr.
1999P

33,603

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees

1987

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1999P

1998

Apr.
1998

1999

207.7
115.3

205.5
114.2

211.6
117.9

214.1
119.9

309.5

313.1
-

317.6

318.9

478.7
207.4

139.0

468.2
198.5
138.6

140.1

139.7

-

1,297.8
76.6
935.4
158.4
243.1

1,425.3
75.0
1,038.6
159.8
290.7

1,314.8
76.0
946.5
170.8
244.4

1,367.9
75.9
988.3
170.8
254.7

_
_
_
-

8,734.4 8,807.1
1,480.1 1,522.5
556.4
569.9
382.9
387.5
_
_.
1,579.4 1,566.4
_
_
187.1
186.0
_
_
3,603.4 3,645.4
_
_
_
_
633.6
602.8

8,831.8
1,529.0
573.0
388.3

_
_
_
_

608.2

-

794.3

796.6

-

1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

7542

244.0
130.4

240.8
128.5

247.3
133.0

250.1
135.3

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

378.8
115.3

383.1
116.8

389.2
118.7

391.2
120.2

395.2

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

567.2
243.4
131.3
172.4

561.7
238.6
131.4
172.1

571.1
246.2
129.7
173.5

569.2
241.5
132.6
173.6

576.3

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799

1,502.7
85.4
1,082.1
177.5
282.8

1,637.1
83.9
1,190.1
179.0
332.4

1,534.0 1,590.5
85.1
84.8
1,102.0 1,148.8
192.1
192.5
287.0
299.5

1,734.3

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804

9,848.3
1,790.3
636.1
460.8
169.0
1,756.8
1,331.8
207.4
217.6
3,924.9
3,618.2
84.2
222.5
200.9
694.8

9,859.7
1,797.4
638.0
463.2
169.7
1,756.0
1,331.1
208.0
216.9
3,932.2
3,624.2
84.5
223.5
201.1
687.8

9,950.4
1,853.7
652.3
464.9
170.1
1,744.5
1,323.9
207.6
213.0
3,979.7
3,664.2
86.5
229.0
204.8
655.5

Legal services

81

966.2

968.0

994.1

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,324.2 2,329.7 2,396.1 2,413.6 2,416.3
_
663.6
660.9
693.5
697.0
1,382.2 1,389.5 1,412.6 1,421.9
87.8
88.1
93.2
93.4

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833

2,595.9 2,612.7 2,703.6 2,726.1 2,742.1 2,245.9 2,260.8 2,336.6 2,357.7
694.4
698.9
731.6
737.9
601.1
605.5
635.1
641.0
364.3
368.1
379.2
383.0
311.8
315.5
327.8
330.8
589.3
594.1
606.8
611.8
615.0
521.9
526.7
533.7
538.8
742.0
745.2
769.6
774.4
777.9
643.3
645.4
665.7
670.5
205.9
206.4
216.4
219.0
167.8
167.7
174.3
176.6

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

754

7991
7997

8041,2
805

8051
8052
8059
806

8062
8063
8069
807
808

835
836
839
84

Mar.

86.2

90.4

85.7

-

-

_
_
-

Mar.

-

474.6
203.9
_

9,975.0 9,998.9 8,729.6
1,859.5 1,865.6 1,477.0
_
656.2
555.1
465.3
380.4
_
170.4
1,745.0 1,744.5 1,580.0
_
_
1,324.3
_
208.8
186.5
_
_
211.9
3,985.8 3,989.6 3,598.0
3,668.4
_
88.0
_
229.4
_
_.
205.1
660.2
665.1
640.5
996.8

88.3

1,000.1

769.6
_
_
-

92.4

_
_

770.8
_
_
_
-

-

Feb.

-

-

_

1,567.1
_

187.1
3,651.4
_
_
_

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_

3,175.7 3,199.1 3,373.4 3,406.0 3,426.2 2,428.1 2,450.6 2,547.9 2,567.6
762.2
895.1
901.6
928.8
933.3
938.0
733.9
739.6
758.4
_
686.1
690.7
706.6
709.6
568.9
573.3
583.7
586.4
_
152.5
153.3
162.6
163.5
119.0
119.3
126.9
127.3
56.5
57.6
59.6
60.2
46.0
47.0
47.8
48.5
657.7
661.1
689.9
694.6
472.0
475.4
485.8
488.2




_

_
_
-

87
871

77

-

_

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

See footnotes at end of table.

_
_

_

2,248.6 2,252.6 2,270.6 2,283.9 2,286.6
_
108.5
108.2
110.5
111.0
_
60.7
61.1
63.0
64.0
_
143.1
141.9
143.9
149.3
439.2
443.4
450.6
456.8
-

872

_
-

_

86
861
862
863
864

8711
8712
8713

-

477.4
204.4

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

44.0
_
-

Apr.
1999P

_

44.1

45.7

46.4

-

-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee .

1987
SIC
Code

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
4

Federal Government .
4

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

615.4
231.9

621.2
232.3

142.1
146.9
1,007.5
333.3
365.5
41.9

145.9
147.8
1,015.2
337.0
367.7
42.3

50.8

Mar.
1999P

643.4
242.0
151.9
153.0
1,111.3
374.7

409.5
47.4

652.4
243.4
155.1
156.8
1,125.7
378.5
416.4
48.0

51.7

53.9

53.7

54.2

20,126

20,130

20,402

20,522

20,509

2,662

2,668

2,697

2,697

2,681

1,824.0 1,824.5

1,810.0

2,600.8 2,605.4 2,635.5
669.0
666.4
645.3
852.7
853.2
872.9

Federal Government, except Postal Service .

1,808.9 1,814.4

State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
,
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

1,079.1
30.4
30.4

1,085.8

31.7
30.5

1,137.8

47.4
21.9

46.2
21.6

46.0
21.5

806

12.4
355.5
220.7

12.3
357.1
221.0

12.1
345.4
217.9

12.0
345.4
217.5

4,741
86.6

4,747
86.5
51.5
2,776.0

4,804
87.2
51.2

144.0

144.8

149.2

1,822.4
2,676.1

1,833.1
2,687.6

1,856.0
2,721.8

1,860.6
2,727.8 2,739.0

12,723
454.0
8,533.0
648.0

12,715
454.6
8,513.9
648.1

12,901
453.9
8,672.2
659.8

12,986
454.8
8,737.6
660.6
7,576.2
142.2

806
82

806
82

2,780.6
365.8
2,064.8
206.0

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

471.7
160.9
118.6
115.4
750.5
246.5
271.4
28.2

478.5
161.5
122.6
116.3
757.1
250.4
272.4
28.5

486.4
164.2
124.6
119.7
817.3
276.1
297.1
31.4

488.4
158.8
128.3
122.9
828.8
278.9
302.9
31.6

39.9

40.8

42.3

42.5

Apr.
1999P

31.2

47.4
21.9

51.3

Mar.
1998

1,117.3
30.2

3731

2,809.8
3oo.o
364.9
2,059.5 2,082.4
211.4
206.8

7,390.7 7,364.7 7,514.6
140.0
140.5
142.2

4,850
4,839
87.1
51.2
2,839.6
367.7
2,110.7 2,110.8
211.9

149.3

354.3

360.6

355.6

358.6

3,735.5
5,331.8

3,746.5
5,350.3

3,775.1
5,386.6

3,793.1
5,409.3

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




Apr.
1999P

Feb.
1999

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense ....
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies .
Legislative
Judicial

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

Production workers1

All employees

12,978

7,544.3

5,433.6

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
" Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

78

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Jan.
1998

Feb.
1998

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Feb.
1999

59,629

60,005

62,243

60,919

61,394

48,616

48,753

50,741

49,658

49,869

6,706

6,707

6,683

6,611

6,592

82

82

80

79

79

633

634

681

669

672

5,991

5,991

5,922

5,863

5,841

2,967

2,972

2,931

2,912

2,905

138.0
163.2
106.2
103.9
332.4
486.1
714.5
399.5
355.4
167.3

138.2
164.0
105.6
104.1
332.6
487.5
714.8
401.7
354.3
168.8

145.5
168.5
106.1
102.8
336.0
469.2
683.7
405.6
348.8
164.7

144.2
167.6
104.3
101.7
335.9
464.0
678.0
405.5
349.0
162.1

144.6
167.6
103.8
101.5
335.0
464.1
674.3
402.6
348.9
162.9

3,024

3,019

2,991

2,951

2,936

540.9
14.3
278.5
581.5
166.0
703.8
327.1
23.5
343.4
44.8

538.4
13.4
278.1
579.5
166.2
702.6
328.7
23.5
343.9
44.7

561.7
13.7
270.4
531.8
164.0
709.2
331.4
23.4
344.4
41.3

547.9
13.7
266.6
520.8
162.2
701.5
329.4
23.1
345.5
40.3

542.1
13.1
265.1
516.2
162.0
700.3
330.5
23.1
344.3
39.7

52,923

53,298

55,560

54,308

54,802

Transportation and public utilities

1,938

1,940

2,032

2,008

2,024

Wholesale trade

2,067

2,064

2,117

2,095

2,099

11,526

11,402

12,429

11,765

11,700

4,512

4,521

4,665

4,663

4,669

Services

21,867

22,119

22,815

22,516

22,785

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,013
1,129
2,337
7,547

11,252
1,132
2,421
7,699

11,502
1,162
2,466
7,874

11,261
1,131
2,383
7,747

11,525
1,141
2,480
7,904

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to
revision.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
March
1998
Alabama
Birmingham ...
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery...
Tuscaloosa ....

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

1,883.9
469.6
174.9
223.7
159.3
80.0

1,919.6
477.3
176.7
229.1
163.8
81.9

1,930.2
480.1
177.5
231.6
165.0
83.4

10.5
3.3

264.8
124.5

264.8
126.9

266.8
127.4

10.0
2.6

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa.
Tucson

2,067.8
1,447.9

2,125.7
1,493.5
334.8

2,144.4

13.1
5.8
2.2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,112.3
139.4
96.2
306.1
35.5

1,119.5

1,128.8
142.9
97.6
308.7
36.3

13,423.3
181.3
271.5
3,930.6
131.9
963.5
1,277.8
865.9
641.0
118.1

13,734.8
185.3
277.6
3,981.1
136.4
986.4
1,311.6
902.0
654.2
121.4

1,083.1
994.6
954.1
153.3
169.7
167.9
152.3
247.7

1,111.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont .
Colorado Springs ...
Denver

2,026.7
162.2
220.2
1,076.1

2,076.3
164.9
225.7
1,104.5

2,087.0
166.8
226.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,625.2
186.7
87.1
601.7
250.7
135.8
203.1
85.2

1,640.0
185.1
87.0
601.8
254.6
136.7
202.1
85.0

1,647.3
186.2
87.3
606.2
254.6

390.9
51.6
306.8

399.9
53.3
314.3

403.3
53.8
316.6

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

District of Columbia .
Washington PMSA ..

612.4
2,509.6

610.5
2,570.6

613.7
2,588.1

.1
1.1

.1
1.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater..
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,640.9
154.2
644.2
159.8
114.2
526.6
175.8
179.9
979.0
830.9
153.2
247.8
152.4

6,853.1
159.2
657.5
164.0
117.6
542.5
180.1
186.4
989.0
864.9
158.1
258.6
155.7
1,171.1
493.3

6,900.8
159.8
662.2
164.5
118.0
546.9
181.1
187.4
993.4
873.9
159.7
259.8
156.6
1,176.0
496.6

Alaska
Anchorage .

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

326.1

1,112.2
464.9

142.2

97.0
307.5
35.9

1,020.8
951.7
155.3
176.3
170.6
157.7
255.9

1,504.8
337.2

1,110.0

137.0
203.4

10.6
3.0

10.6
3.0

2.8
9.4
2.5
12.5
5.5
2.1
1

105.1

2.8

9.6
2.6

10.8
5.6

10.4
5.7

10.7
5.7

12.4
5.5
2.1

137.5
100.8
19.4

150.5
110.6
20.9

152.0
112.0
21.1

3.1

45.7
5.2
4.1
13.9
.9

46.0
5.3
4.2

47.2
5.4
4.2
14.1
.9

)

.9

.7

(M
(1)

;
25.8
9.4
.3
5.0
2
)
1.7
.8
1.1
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.9
.4
.1
.5

1.3

563.9
9.4

599.9
9.6

13.2
112.7
6.9
49.5

13.8
116.6
7.6
52.4
62.9
59.5
35.3
5.3
61.3
38.4
41.3
6.9

8.8
7.7
9.8
11.2

8.0
10.9
13.2

8.7
10.9

13.4

13.4

121.8
7.0

130.5
7.3

12.4
64.2

11.9
69.5

132.9
7.5
12.3
70.9

53.2
5.7
3.5
18.3
8.9
4.3
5.5
3.0

54.1
5.9
3.5
17.7
9.0
4.4
5.4
3.0

54.9
5.9
3.6

.1
.1
.2

20.7
2.3
15.1

22.2
2.3
16.5

22.5
2.3
16.7

.1
1.2

8.8
123.2

128.4

8.6
130.1

6.9

342.4
7.7
34.7
13.3
4.4

358.6

362.4

8.1
35.6
14.3
4.5
28.8
10.0

8.0
35.6
14.4
4.6
29.4
10.1
10.0
35.5
49.5
11.4

6.5

6.5
.7

.7
( )

(M
(
>
(

}

( )

85.1

80

6.7
)

.1

.1

3.1

3.2

)
.3

18.1
8.8
5.7

23.7
8.3
.3
4.5
2
)
1.7
.9
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2

!

6.9

14.0
.9

29.6
6.4

23.7
8.5
.3
4.6
2
)
1.7
.9
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.7
.5
.1
.5
1.2

14.2

(M

March
1999P

103.8
29.2
6.3
18.1
8.6
5.3

3.1

(M

February
1999

97.2
27.6
5.9
18.1
8.3
5.0

(J)
( 1)
()

3.5

13,821.6
186.1
280.0
4,002.3
137.5
991.6
1,323.4
903.4
657.5
122.5
1,114.0
1,022.8
958.4
156.4
177.9
171.6
158.2
257.6

See footnotes at end of table.




2.6

March
1998

.3

3.1

60.6
54.9

32.9
5.0
57.5
35.2
39.1
6.6

28.1
9.8
9.2
33.2
46.3
10.9
12.6
6.0
52.7

25.2

9.2

9.9
35.2
48.7
11.4
13.3
6.2
56.4
27.2

611.7

9.9
14.3
119.1
7.9
53.8
64.3

60.1
35.8
5.6
61.3
38.8
42.4

6.9
9.6
13.7

17.9
9.1
4.4
5.5
3.2

13.3
6.2
56.8
27.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

IManufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

379.2
52.1
38.3
27.9
18.1
12.2

372.7
52.3
37.3
27.8
18.5
12.3

372.8
52.5
37.1
27.7
18.5
12.5

91.3
30.6
3.8
12.9
6.5
2.4

93.3
31.1
4.1
13.0
6.7
2.5

93.0
31.1
4.1
12.9
6.8
2.5

427.3
112.1
34.4
58.4
37.4
18.2

441.6
114.6
35.7
61.2
37.9
19.6

447.5
115.6
36.2
62.5
38.8
20.1

15.2
1.9

15.4
1.9

15.0
2.0

24.0
12.7

24.0
12.9

24.4
13.0

53.1
30.2

52.9
30.3

53.8
30.8

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

216.0
169.6
28.8

217.4
170.8
29.1

217.4
170.4
29.4

98.7
72.7
13.5

103.7
77.9
13.2

104.9
78.6
13.3

498.3
352.9
70.6

511.4
363.4
71.8

516.0
366.1
72.2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

253.5
33.7
27.3
33.7
8.2

253.3
34.3
27.1
33.7
8.4

253.3
34.3
27.4
33.6
8.5

66.3
9.5
6.4
21.4
1.7

67.8
10.3
6.5
21.8
1.8

67.9
10.1
6.5
21.6
1.8

251.9
39.3
19.5
70.0
7.0

251.5
39.7
19.6
70.5
7.0

255.8
40.2
19.8
70.9
7.1

1,949.8
9.7
28.8
669.6
24.7
122.6
233.7
108.2
47.0
9.4
126.2
77.5
266.4
17.5
26.9
22.0
18.1
34.4

1,937.7
9.7
29.2
659.9
26.2
122.4
239.7
114.2
45.4
9.2
126.4
77.0
255.4
17.4
28.1
22.5
18.9
34.1

1,942.3
9.7
29.2
662.0
26.2
122.5
241.3
114.3
45.6
9.3
126.4
77.4
255.0
17.6
28.2
22.9
19.1
34.3

684.6
10.3
13.1
221.6
5.0
61.9
45.6
44.7
25.5
5.1
44.0
79.9
28.6
5.2
6.2
11.8
6.3
10.3

697.7
10.4
13.7
226.7
5.0
63.5
47.4
46.9
26.3
5.2
45.4
80.6
28.8
5.0
6.8
11.8
6.3
10.3

701.3
10.6
13.8
227.5
5.1
63.9
47.8
47.2
26.5
5.2
45.7
80.9
29.1
5.0
6.8
11.7
6.3
10.2

3,062.4
42.0
66.3
860.8
33.7
214.3
316.5
218.5
136.6
30.3
243.5
205.8
183.3
36.2
42.2
39.9
38.9
58.7

3,113.1
42.8
66.7
875.0
33.7
220.4
321.1
226.5
138.6
31.4
248.5
212.3
182.6
37.4
43.1
39.9
40.2
60.2

3,124.3
43.1
67.2
876.9
33.8
220.6
321.9
226.1
138.5
31.6
248.5
212.6
183.1
37.7
43.2
40.2
40.1
60.2

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

207.6
32.3
27.3
93.7

205.6
32.4
27.0
92.3

205.7
32.7
27.0
92.4

126.7
3.8
11.3
89.5

132.8
4.3
12.1
95.5

132.8
4.3
12.1
96.1

481.8
34.2
48.0
254.3

499.7
34.9
50.7
265.2

500.6
35.1
50.8
265.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

279.7
39.6
19.7
96.0
39.8
24.5
28.1
18.9

275.3
38.4
19.1
94.7
40.2
23.7
26.5
18.4

276.0
38.3
18.9
95.4
40.5
23.9
26.6
18.4

75.3
7.0
2.7
26.3
16.2
6.6
10.6
3.7

75.8
7.0
2.7
27.1
16.6
6.5
10.1
3.7

75.8
7.0
2.7
27.0
16.7
6.5
10.1
3.7

348.8
41.6
21.3
122.4
52.9
27.0
43.4
17.7

350.2
41.4
21.2
123.1
52.9
27.2
42.7
18.0

352.0
41.6
21.3
124.1
53.0
27.2
42.8
17.9

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

59.4
6.0
45.3

59.5
6.1
45.5

59.2
6.0
45.3

16.2
1.9
13.9

17.2
2.0
14.9

17.3
2.0
15.0

82.7
11.9
61.1

85.0
12.3
61.9

86.5
12.3
62.7

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

12.3
102.5

12.1
103.6

12.1
104.0

16.5
114.8

15.6
119.8

15.7
120.5

46.6
466.4

46.7
468.2

47.4
472.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

492.6
14.2
39.7
6.9
5.5
38.9
20.3
26.7
74.7
53.0
10.7
21.0
5.0
88.2
31.2

499.4
14.5
39.9
7.2
5.2
40.3
20.7
27.2
75.4
54.4
10.3
21.9
4.9
89.2
32.8

499.4
14.6
39.9
7.3
5.2
40.4
20.7
27.3
75.5
54.4
10.3
21.9
4.9
89.4
32.9

330.6
4.6
29.8
7.4
2.2
36.7
8.7
5.3
85.0
42.5
7.3
5.0
3.9
48.1
15.6

347.1
5.0
30.7
7.8
2.5
38.4
6.9
5.9
87.6
44.1
7.5
5.2
4.1
52.6
16.4

348.8
5.0
30.8
7.8
2.5
38.6
8.9
5.9
88.2
44.5
7.6
5.2
4.1
52.9
16.4

1,682.3
43.2
180.5
44.7
23.3
127.5
49.0
42.4
254.1
202.4
39.3
60.5
30.6
262.4
120.3

1,712.5
43.2
185.6
46.2
24.0
128.5
50.7
44.5
257.4
208.7
41.2
61.4
30.9
264.6
125.9

1,728.6
43.8
187.5
46.2
23.9
129.1
51.2
44.8
258.4
210.5
42.0
62.2
31.0
266.8
126.8

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Alabama
Birmingham ....
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery....
Tuscaloosa

86.7
35.1
4.8
9.7
9.6
2.4

88.0
36.4
4.7
10.0
9.9
2.5

88.3
36.5
4.7
10.0
9.9
2.5

439.6
139.1
48.5
61.7
42.0
14.6

455.3
143.0
50.3
63.2
44.7
14.5

457.7
143.7
50.4
64.6
44.8
14.6

352.1
69.7
39.2
35.0
37.4
22.6

354.3
67.7
38.3
35.8
37.5
22.4

355.2
68.1
38.6
35.8
37.4
22.7

Alaska
Anchorage .

12.1
7.3

12.3
7.3

12.4
7.4

65.1
35.5

65.9
36.8

66.5
37.0

74.5
28.7

74.5
29.5

74.4
28.9

134.0
112.1

143.5

145.0
122.4
13.5

616.9
446.6
105.3

634.6
452.8
109.5

641.8
458.0
110.2

353.3
187.4
73.7

352.1
190.8
74.9

354.9
191.8
75.4

45.1
5.3
3.1
17.9
1.3

258.8
27.4
25.0
88.6
8.6

263.6
27.7
25.5

266.1

187.8

28.0
25.6
89.9
8.6

19.3
9.9
60.3

189.5
19.6
10.3

190.3
19.6
10.3

60.2
7.9

60.7

808.0
7.6
14.0
229.3
4.5
55.9
101.4
30.6
48.6
6.1
64.7
106.3
32.4
7.4
10.5
8.5
6.2
14.3

4,166.0

4,330.2
46.6
71.7
1,318.3
35.2
297.2
397.2
241.7
186.9
35.1

4,364.6
46.9
72.3

2,227.0
50.2
68.3
551.6
24.2

2,245.7
50.0
68.9
557.8
24.4
174.2
143.0
181.8
174.1
29.4
201.8
124.8
91.7
33.1
27.4
35.7
32.8
44.9

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa.
Tucson

12.6

121.7
13.3

44.8
5.0
3.1
18.2
1.3

44.7
5.3
3.1

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

790.0
6.9
13.7
225.7
4.5
54.7
97.4
30.0
46.4
5.7
63.5

805.5
7.5
13.9
228.4
4.5
55.4

107.0
31.7

106.5
32.3
7.4
10.5
8.5
6.2

13.1

14.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont .
Colorado Springs ...
Denver

133.0

138.4
6.3
12.8
89.8

138.4
6.3

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

134.4
10.5
4.7
70.1
13.5
3.8
24.9
3.5

137.6
10.4
4.9
70.4
13.6
3.8
25.3

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark .

48.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

17.7
1.3

89.6
8.6

7.8

8.1

74.8

42.1
77.8

43.8
42.3
78.8

2,180.8
49.5
66.6
543.9
23.7
170.0
138.7
174.7
172.3
29.0
196.7
122.3
90.1
32.5
26.6
35.0
31.7
43.9

12.9
90.0

616.4
51.9
72.6
332.2

626.9
52.7
74.7
337.0

631.7
53.5
75.0
339.8

325.2
27.2
36.1
147.9

329.0
27.0
36.5
148.7

331.5
27.4
36.7
149.3

3.6

138.1
10.6
5.0
70.9
13.5
3.8
25.4
3.6

500.8
60.4
24.6
172.9
88.0
34.2
72.6
26.1

513.1
60.7
25.2
173.3
91.4
34.9
74.5
26.3

514.4
61.4
25.4
174.1
90.8
35.0
75.3
26.4

232.3
21.9
10.6
95.7
31.4
35.4
18.0
12.3

233.2
21.3
10.4
95.5
30.9
36.2
17.6
12.0

235.4
21.4
10.4
96.8
31.0
36.2
17.7
11.9

2.1
42.6

49.6
2.2
43.7

49.9
2.2
44.3

108.5
12.1
88.7

111.8
12.7
92.0

112.0
12.9
91.8

55.0
15.3
39.9

54.5
15.7
39.6

55.8
16.1
40.6

District of Columbia ..
Washington PMSA ..

29.0
138.6

28.9
141.5

29.2
142.5

273.7
981.2

275.1
1,021.7

277.7
1,030.0

225.4
581.8

223.4
586.2

222.9
587.5

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

422.7
6.7
47.1
9.0
5.1
54.7
8.2
6.1
66.5

438.6
7.0
49.5
9.2
5.1
57.1
8.8
6.4
65.8
51.5
6.1
12.8
6.4
86.2
35.5

441.8
7.1
49.6
9.2
5.1
57.1
8.8
6.4
66.2
51.5
6.2
12.8
6.4
86.8
35.6

2,389.6
54.6
225.7
52.7
34.4
172.4
49.8
65.2
325.4

2,503.7
58.2
229.7
53.2
36.6

2,522.5
58.1
232.0
53.4
37.0
182.6
52.0
67.6

974.0
23.2
86.6
25.6
39.3
67.9
26.8
25.0
139.8
88.4
29.3
24.1
59.6
136.2
55.0

986.4
23.2
86.4
25.9
39.7
69.5
26.4
25.4
140.9
90.7
29.6
24.6
60.2
140.2
55.6

990.4
23.2
86.7
26.0
39.7
69.2
26.3
25.4
141.7
90.9
29.6
24.7
60.5
140.8
56.0

7.6
9.8
8.6
5.8

5.8
12.5
87.4

47.5
6.1
12.3
6.0
80.8

33.1

100.5
30.5
48.5

6.1
64.5

See footnotes at end of table.




82

44.1

69.5
1,291.3
33.4
288.8
384.5
233.8
180.1
33.5
351.4

366.4
314.8
46.8
48.8
42.8

41.2

350.3
49.4
112.2
41.1
443.4
184.5

363.9
381.0
321.0
47.5
50.9
44.1

179.4
51.5
67.1
326.4
366.3
51.8
119.3
42.8
481.4
199.9

1,325.2
35.6
299.0
402.8
242.3
188.2
35.2
365.3
381.5
324.6
48.0

51.7

327.6
372.1
52.4
119.6
43.3
482.0
201.7

173.4
141.9
181.7
173.0

29.0
201.0
124.5

90.2
33.0
27.2
35.7
32.6
44.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

3,694.0
58.9
74.4
2,012.6
193.7
117.8
147.2
131.7

3,785.4
59.2
73.8
2,062.2
196.7
119.6
148.9
134.6

3,812.8
59.3
75.0
2,079.6
197.8
120.4
149.7
135.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

533.0
403.5

529.5
398.9

Idaho
Boise City

509.8
198.8

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

February
1999

March
1998

7.8
1.6
.4

t )

(2)
(1)
1.5
.4

1.5
.4
(1)

(1)

(1)

8.0

8.0
(2)
1

(2)
(1)

March
1998

March
1999P

1.1

1.1

1.1

February
1999

March
1999P

171.8
3.2
2.7
96.9
11.0
5.3
6.0
8.0

186.8
3.4
2.7
103.0
11.8
5.3
5.8
8.5

189.2
3.5
2.7
104.8
11.7
5.5
5.9
8.6

21.3
16.5

20.5
15.3

20.4
15.3

(1)

(1)

531.3
400.4

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

525.7
203.0

528.9
205.1

2.8

(1)

(1)

(1)

28.2
12.9

30.2
12.5

31.2
13.0

5,791.0
81.5
97.9
4,048.7
179.7
56.0
43.1
171.9
176.1
112.2

5,848.9
84.1
98.1
4,125.2
178.9
56.1
43.6
174.1
175.1
113.2

5,888.5
84.2
98.9
4,145.4
180.2
56.3
43.6
174.5
176.6
113.5

10.7
(1)
(1)
1.6

10.2
(1)
(1)
1.6
(1)

10.3
(1)
(1)
1.7

204.7
2.3
2.9
141.3
8.0
3.4
1.7
7.0
6.1
4.1

212.9
2.5
2.9
150.4
7.8
3.4
1.8
6.9
6.6
3.7

216.5
2.6
2.9
151.5
7.9
3.5
1.8
7.1
6.7
3.7

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,874.2
65.1
118.3
152.9
268.7
261.9
836.5
51.4
93.8
59.9
133.6
66.7

2,919.6
65.0
122.7
157.7
270.6
267.7
853.9
51.8
95.9
60.2
135.8
67.4

2,937.9
64.7
124.2
158.7
272.1
267.8
858.4
52.1
95.5
60.5
136.4
67.7

131.4
2.5
4.2
10.0
11.9
17.2
42.2
1.6
3.5
2.1
6.7
2.8

129.8
2.6
4.7
9.8
12.3
20.6
45.6
1.6
3.5
2.2
6.5
3.0

131.6
2.7
4.8
9.9
12.6
20.3
46.0
1.7
3.5
2.1
6.7
3.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,413.4
114.9
271.6
50.4
68.2
64.9
72.9

1,440.6
117.2
280.3
51.2
67.3
66.3
73.7

1,452.7
117.4
281.6
51.7
68.3
66.6
73.8

51.3
5.7
10.3
1.3
2.1
2.5
2.3

52.1
5.7
11.2
1.5
2.1
2.6
2.2

53.4
5.7
11.2
1.6
2.2
2.7
2.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,292.2
47.6
99.7
283.5

1,324.8
48.2
101.3
288.0

1,332.3
49.1
101.4
289.9

60.2
1.9
4.3
14.7

60.6
1.9
4.1
14.9

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,723.7
273.0
555.5
43.5

1,745.8
277.6
567.7
44.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,873.1
54.5
287.6
78.1
164.4
87.5
68.8
615.0
171.3
547.7
41.4
140.5

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

(M
(11)
( 1)
<1>
()
6.7

6.9
(1
(1

(1)
(1)

.7

1

.2

.7

)
( )
.7
(1)
(1)
1
)
(1)
2
( )

2.0
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1

(M
(11)
()
(11)
()

1.2
1

1

(M
(2)

1.9
(1)

)
)

1.2

(M
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(\)
(1)
(1)
(1)

6.9
1

1.2
(1)
(1)

(])
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
()

2.1
1

)
)
1
( )
1
)
1

(M
(1)

7.9

1.3

1.2

1.2

54.4
1.9
3.6
13.6

1,761.4
280.5
572.5
44.5

23.1
.3
.6
.3

22.5
.3
.6
.3

22.7
.2
.6
.3

76.4
12.5
27.4
3.1

79.3
13.0
28.3
3.2

79.5
13.3
28.4
3.4

1,901.1
55.9
298.9
79.5
167.4
88.6
70.8
623.6
175.3

1,910.8
55.9
300.4
79.4
167.6
88.3
71.1
623.4
177.0

57.6
.1
1.0
7.6
17.8
1.3
.2
15.3
2.7

54.6
.1
.9
6.5
17.4
1.2
.2
14.9
2.4

54.5
.1
1.0
6.4
17.2
1.2
.2
14.7
2.4

125.4
3.2
33.5
4.5
9.0
11.1
3.6
33.4
9.3

129.9
3.6
34.3
4.2
9.1
11.4
3.5
34.6
10.0

132.5
3.8
34.4
4.1
9.2
11.4
3.6
35.3
10.3

560.2
43.2
144.8

562.5
42.9
145.6

.1

20.6
1.4
6.0

22.1
1.4
7.0

22.4
1.4
7.2

See footnotes at end of table.




2.8

2.8

(])
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
()

(M
(11)
()

83

1
1

.1
(2)
(2)

6.8

6.8
(1
(1

(1)
(1)

)
)

.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

591.8
9.0
11.7
220.6
41.3
22.4
19.8
18.2

595.2
8.4
11.5
221.9
41.0
21.9
19.4
18.3

594.9
8.3
11.7
221.5
40.8
22.1
19.3
18.2

237.6
3.4
1.8
170.4
6.7
4.1
5.4
8.8

247.8
3.7
1.8
177.3
6.9
4.1
5.4
8.7

249.6
3.7
1.8
178.0
7.0
4.1
5.4
8.9

917.5
13.8
18.1
530.9
41.1
25.3
33.4
32.5

924.2
13.6
18.2
535.6
41.4
25.4
33.6
33.7

935.7
13.7
18.5
540.5
42.3
25.6
34.0
34.3

Hawaii
Honolulu .

16.4
12.8

16.1
12.5

16.0
12.4

41.3
33.0

40.2
31.7

40.3
31.7

132.1
97.1

130.5
95.2

130.5
95.0

Idaho
Boise City .

74.9
36.5

75.7
35.8

75.3
36.1

24.4
10.1

26.1
10.8

25.9
10.7

128.4
47.2

132.4
47.4

133.1
48.0

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

976.5
8.6
11.0
658.2
31.5
13.5
8.3
33.3
53.8
4.6

970.0
8.5
11.2
651.6
30.7
13.7
8.2
33.8
52.9
4.7

970.9
8.5
11.3
651.1
31.3
13.6
8.1
33.8
53.0
4.8

342.9
3.1
2.6
252.0
9.9
5.1
2.1
9.9
8.9
4.8

347.9
3.1
2.5
257.2
10.2
5.2
2.1
10.3
9.0
4.9

350.3
3.2
2.5
258.0
10.3
5.2
2.1
10.3
9.0
4.9

1,306.2
17.5
21.2
907.2
47.4
12.0
10.7
41.2
36.2
23.0

1,326.1
17.7
21.3
930.4
47.3
11.8
10.7
42.0
35.9
23.1

1,336.4
17.6
21.2
933.3
47.6
11.8
10.7
41.9
36.4
23.2

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson .
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

682.1
10.0
59.7
32.1
75.9
50 0
127.6
20.7
22.3
10.7
22.5
12.0

684.0
9.3
62.8
33.4
74.6
49.9
129.1
20.3
22.5
10.5
22.6
12.1

684.2
9.1
63.3
33.4
74.6
49.8
129.0
20.4
22.2
10.6
22.6
12.1

140.7
1.8
2.8
7.3
12.8
14.5
51.4
1.2
2.3
3.4
5.7
2.9

143.9
1.8
3.0
7.4
13.0
14.3
53.9
1.1
2.3
3.6
5.8
3.1

145.0
1.8
3.0
7.4
13.1
14.3
54.7
1.1
2.3
3.7
5.8
3.1

671.8
14.4
21.7
37.3
62.9
61.0
215.6
11.2
18.7
13.5
34.1
18.0

682.6
14.5
22.6
39.1
62.8
61.1
218.0
11.4
19.5
13.6
33.0
18.1

685.5
14.6
23.3
39.3
63.3
61.2
219.8
11.4
19.3
13.6
33.2
18.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls..

258.1
22.0
25.1
11.9
5.1
13.4
15.0

262.6
22.4
25.0
12.1
5.4
13.6
14.8

263.3
22.3
25.1
12.3
5.4
13.6
14.7

67.1
8.2
13.8
2.1
2.2
3.8
2.5

69.9
8.4
14.7
1.8
2.1
3.8
2.6

70.5
8.4
14.6
1.9
2.2
3.9
2.6

342.4
25.4
70.4
12.0
13.2
15.6
16.9

349.8
25.1
71.9
12.2
13.3
16.1
17.0

352.9
25.4
72.2
12.3
13.2
16.2
17.1

Kansas
Lawrence ....
Topeka
Wichita

212.4
5.6
10.0
73.7

214.2
5.2
10.1
74.3

213.7
5.3
10.1
74.7

73.7
1.2
5.9
11.0

76.7
1.3
5.8
11.0

76.7
1.3
5.7
11.0

312.2
11.4
21.5
62.9

319.8
11.8
21.8
63.7

322.2
11.8
21.9
64.1

Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .

317.4
47.2
88.5
7.0

319.4
49.7
88.3
6.9

319.4
49.7
88.6
6.7

98.6
10.9
41.0
2.3

102.2
10.8
42.9
2.3

102.8
10.9
43.1
2.4

407.2
61.1
135.1
10.9

410.0
61.3
137.4
11.0

417.7
62.5
139.4
11.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City....

190.0
3.6
24.2
8.4
15.0
12.1
7.9
48.6
19.0

189.4
3.5
24.3
8.5
14.6
11.9
7.8
49.4
19.0

189.4
3.5
24.2
8.3
14.6
11.7
7.9
49.2
19.0

111.2
2.8
12.5
8.4
10.0
4.5
3.6
41.1
8.4

114.9
2.8
13.7
8.9
10.2
4.8
3.7
41.4
8.7

114.6
2.8
13.6
8.9
10.1
4.7
3.7
41.3
8.7

432.4
12.7
67.7
18.0
41.8
18.4
16.5
150.8
38.9

439.5
13.2
69.3
18.6
43.9
18.7
17.4
152.4
39.8

443.5
13.2
70.4
18.7
44.0
18.9
17.5
152.3
40.6

86.6
7.8
14.6

85.1
7.9
14.9

84.4
7.8
15.0

22.8
1.7
6.8

23.6
1.7
6.6

23.6
1.7
6.6

131.8
10.1
39.5

134.4
10.5
39.1

135.3
10.6
39.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn.
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




84

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

195.9
2.0
2.4
132.2
6.3
8.0
8.6
4.5

204.9
2.1
2.5
138.2
6.1
8.8
9.1
4.7

206.1
2.1
2.5
139.5
6.3
8.8
9.1
4.7

982.8
14.9
16.3
599.3
46.6
32.0
39.6
38.9

1,021.8
15.1
16.0
625.3
48.0
33.3
39.6
39.8

1,030.3
15.1
16.6
632.5
48.3
33.6
39.8
39.8

588.8
12.6
21.4
260.7
40.3
20.7
33.3
20.8

596.7
12.9
21.1
259.4
41.1
20.8
34.9
20.9

599.0
12.9
21.2
261.3
41.0
20.7
35.1
20.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.4
28.4

35.1
28.0

34.9
27.9

171.4
122.9

173.8
124.8

174.6
125.6

115.1
92.8

113.3
91.4

114.6
92.5

Idaho
Boise City

22.3
10.7

23.4
11.2

23.6
11.2

124.1
50.2

129.4
52.8

130.6
53.2

104.7
31.2

105.7
32.5

106.4
32.9

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

402.0
15.0
3.8
313.8
8.1
2.0
1.7
7.5
7.1
7.8

405.5
16.3
3.9
316.8
8.2
2.1
1.7
7.8
7.1
7.7

407.0
16.5
3.9
317.4
8.2
2.1
1.7
7.8
7.2
7.7

1,720.6
20.1
21.3
1,277.8
48.1
13.4
11.8
54.0
46.3
33.8

1,759.8
20.6
21.4
1,326.1
48.3
13.3
12.0
54.1
46.1
35.1

1,772.8
20.6
21.5
1,338.4
48.4
13.4
12.1
54.3
46.5
35.1

827.4
14.9
35.1
496.8
26.7
6.6
6.8
19.0
17.7
34.1

816.5
15.4
34.9
491.1
26.4
6.6
7.1
19.2
17.5
34.0

824.3
15.2
35.6
494.0
26.5
6.7
7.1
19.3
17.8
34.1

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

138.7
2.4
2.8
7.0
14.6
9.1
62.3
1.6
4.0
1.8
6.8
2.3

145.2
2.4
3.0
7.5
14.9
9.2
64.3
1.5
4.1
1.9
6.8
2.3

145.5
2.4
3.0
7.6
14.9
9.3
64.6
1.5
4.2
1.9
6.8
2.3

694.3
13.2
19.0
42.8
63.4
72.3
228.9
8.1
18.8
15.5
43.9
16.4

709.2
13.1
18.4
43.4
66.2
72.9
231.9
8.8
19.1
15.8
46.5
16.7

719.1
13.2
18.5
43.9
66.7
73.0
233.2
8.9
19.7
15.9
46.7
16.9

408.5
20.8
8.1
15.2
27.2
37.8
107.8
7.0
24.2
12.9
13.9
12.1

418.0
21.3
8.2
15.9
26.8
39.7
110.4
7.1
24.9
12.6
14.6
12.1

420.1
20.9
8.3
16.0
26.9
39.9
110.4
7.1
24.3
12.7
14.6
12.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

81.2
6.2
38.4
1.8
2.1
2.7
3.3

83.1
6.2
39.4
1.9
2.2
2.8
3.0

83.6
6.2
39.5
1.9
2.2
2.8
3.0

371.8
35.8
78.2
17.5
14.9
19.1
19.9

380.8
36.2
84.0
17.9
14.6
19.5
21.0

385.0
35.8
84.5
17.8
14.7
19.5
21.0

239.6
11.6
35.4
3.8
28.6
7.8
13.0

240.3
13.2
34.1
3.8
27.6
7.9
13.1

241.9
13.6
34.5
3.9
28.4
7.9
13.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

61.0
2.0
6.7
11.2

62.6
2.1
6.7
11.6

62.7
2.1
6.7
11.7

325.9
11.3
29.2
75.8

338.8
11.1
30.4
77.2

340.2
11.3
30.5
77.4

244.7
14.2
22.8
34.0

245.7
14.8
22.2
34.3

249.4
15.4
22.4
34.9

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

69.1
10.3
29.3
1.9

70.2
10.4
29.8
2.0

70.5
10.4
29.8
2.0

433.9
73.8
162.8
10.8

442.3
75.7
168.9
11.1

448.0
76.8
171.2
11.3

298.0
56.9
70.8
7.2

299.9
56.4
71.5
7.2

300.8
56.7
71.4
7.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

86.3
2.4
17.9
2.1
6.2
2.7
5.1
31.5
6.4

86.3
2.3
18.2
2.0
6.4
2.5
5.3
31.7
6.4

86.7
2.3
18.4
2.1
6.4
2.5
5.3
31.6
6.5

500.2
16.4
72.3
15.7
40.9
24.1
18.8
189.0
53.4

517.4
16.8
77.5
16.4
42.2
24.4
19.5
193.1
55.5

519.9
16.7
77.6
16.4
42.2
24.3
19.5
192.7
56.0

370.0
13.3
58.5
13.4
23.7
13.3
13.1
105.3
33.2

369.1
13.6
60.7
14.4
23.6
13.7
13.4
106.1
33.5

369.7
13.5
60.8
14.5
23.9
13.6
13.4
106.3
33.5

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

29.2
2.1
12.5

30.4
2.3
13.2

30.5
2.3
13.2

159.0
13.3
42.2

167.1
14.3
44.7

167.9
14.0
44.8

97.6
4.9
18.9

97.4
5.1
19.3

98.3
5.1
19.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C. .

2,288.5
1,174.0
398.1
845.1

2,322.4
1,190.7
404.9
859.5

2,342.8
1,195.9
407.3
865.8

1.3
.3

Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth..
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,126.2
52.0
1,916.1
93.5
51.8
151.0
116.4
63.4
40.9
250.8
226.1

3,157.0
54.1
1,938.6
97.0
52.0
150.7
120.5
65.8
41.7
251.8
226.9

3,173.9
54.6
1,946.8
97.5
52.7
151.8
120.7
65.8
41.6
253.3
228.6

1.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,456.8
272.1
69.6
2,094.4
176.3
555.5
60.5
209.9
232.4
174.7

4,489.6
274.6
70.0
2,112.0
175.7
567.1
61.0
210.4
234.1
176.9

4,512.3
276.6
70.5
2,124.7
176.6
572.0
61.3
211.5
232.5
177.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,503.5
109.7
1,626.7
76.4
85.9

2,543.5
112.4
1,674.4
77.9
87.1

2,554.3
112.1
1,684.6
78.6
87.4

7.4
4.8

Mississippi .
Jackson ...

1,119.3
224.8

1,128.0
224.3

1,131.7
225.7

6.3

Missouri
Kansas City ...
St. Louis
Springfield

2,646.1
928.0
1,295.2
160.7

2,673.4
954.1
1,302.4
164.5

2,690.9
957.7
1,309.3
165.8

4.6

Montana ...

362.2

368.7

372.0

Nebraska .
Lincoln ..
Omaha ..

858.0
145.3
394.6

871.0
147.7
402.6

Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno

903.6
646.2
178.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester...
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

March

February

March
1999P

1.3
.4

132.3
60.5
11.3
58.6

137.0
61.4
12.3
61.7

138.8
61.8
12.5
62.6

1.2

1.2

.4

.4

.4

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

95.0
2.5
54.3
3.0
1.4
5.2
4.7
2.1
1.4
6.7
6.5

100.7
2.7
58.5
3.4
1.6
5.3
4.6
2.3
1.5
6.9
6.4

103.3
2.7
59.7
3.5
1.7
5.4
4.8
2.3
1.5
7.0
6.5

7.5

7.0

7.1

163.8
9.3
2.2
73.3
6.6
22.9
2.1
7.6
7.9
8.0

166.2
9.1
2.2
79.4
7.4
24.7
2.1
7.5
7.5
8.1

168.7
9.3
2.3
80.2
7.5
25.4
2.2
7.8
7.9
8.2

7.5
4.8

82.5
3.3
53.7
2.7
3.4

89.1
3.7
58.1
2.9
3.7

90.5
3.6
59.0
2.9
3.8

6.3

51.3
10.5

55.6
11.0

55.7
11.2

4.9

5.0

113.3
42.9
61.4
6.7

125.4
47.9
64.9
6.8

126.6
48.6
67.2
7.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

15.8

15.7

16.1

872.0
148.4
402.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

35.6
5.9
17.1

38.0
6.3
18.6

37.4
6.3
18.4

942.5
682.5
180.8

948.1
684.6
182.4

13.4
2.0
.5

13.0
2.2
.5

13.0
2.2
.5

79.5
64.2
11.2

83.7
67.9
12.0

84.4
68.6
12.0

577.7
98.8
92.8
114.3

588.3
100.5
93.6
116.8

588.6
101.1
93.6
116.8

.4

.4

20.1
4.2
2.8
3.3

21.5
4.1
2.9
3.9

21.8
4.1
2.9
3.9

3,737.5
172.6
645.1
476.2
242.5
612.5
358.4
952.1
198.4
58.1

3,782.2
171.5
653.6
484.7
244.2
620.8
359.7
969.0
196.9
58.3

3,808.3
173.5
658.2
488.5
244.5
624.7
364.7
972.6
197.6
58.5

124.0
6.4
20.9
20.7
4.8
17.6
17.2
29.5
4.5
1.8

123.5
6.2
20.6
20.7
4.7
17.3
16.4
30.1
4.4
1.9

127.4
6.5
20.9
21.3
5.0
18.0
17.5
30.3
4.5
1.9

716.1
335.6
52.7
71.2

720.4
338.8
53 2
71.8

726.5
341.0
54.1
72.4

41.8
21.4
3.1
3.3

42.0
21.1
3.2
3.2

42.7
21.7
3.3
3.3

See footnotes at end of table.




March
1999P

86

1.3
.4

(M
(1

( )
(
>
( )
( )

(M

(M
7.4
4.8

O
6.2
)

( )
( )
1

1.9

( )
( )
( 1)
( )
(M
15.4
( )
( )
(1)

1 \
1 \
1 \

1.9

1.9
1 j
1 \
1

)

.5

.5

.7

.8

.3

.3

13.6

13.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

178.7
101.2
30.9
39.5

176.0
100.4
29.5
39.4

176.0
100.0
29.6
39.5

106.9
57.1
19.5
35.1

109.6
58.2
20.0
36.5

110.6
58.1
20.3
37.1

529.3
266.6
62.0
197.6

525.4
264.9
62.9
195.7

530.6
265.8
63.0
198.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

452.1
2.0
226.5
10.6
13.7
39.5
28.7
13.2
7.4
38.8
41.7

435.1
2.2
216.3
10.2
13.4
37.3
28.5
13.2
7.4
38.3
40.8

434.9
2.2
216.0
10.1
13.5
37.4
28.4
13.2
7.4
38.5
40.8

134.8
2.8
82.9
4.8
2.1
5.2
6.8
3.7
1.3
10.0
9.4

136.4
2.9
85.2
4.6
2.1
5.4
7.5
3.9
1.3
10.0
9.3

136.4
2.9
85.2
4.7
2.1
5.5
7.5
3.9
1.3
10.0
9.4

695.4
16.4
405.5
31.1
12.0
34.1
24.6
16.0
10.0
57.7
50.4

710.2
17.4
415.2
32.5
12.3
35.1
25.8
16.6
10.3
58.5
50.8

713.2
17.4
416.1
32.6
12.5
35.6
25.8
16.6
10.3
58.8
51.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

970.7
52.9
19.5
444.4
40.5
157.3
12.7
49.5
29.4
39.6

958.7
52.9
19.5
433.8
38.7
158.9
12.8
49.3
28.5
39.7

962.6
52.9
19.4
436.7
38.8
159.4
12.8
49.3
28.5
39.2

175.4
6.4
2.9
96.2
5.8
19.0
3.5
7.2
6.0
7.2

176.8
6.7
2.9
95.5
5.8
19.3
3.5
7.4
5.9
7.2

177.7
6.7
2.9
95.9
5.9
19.4
3.5
7.4
5.9
7.2

1,037.1
54.3
15.2
489.0
43.0
136.6
15.3
45.3
51.2
43.2

1,054.8
54.7
15.1
498.4
43.2
140.8
15.5
45.6
52.0
43.4

1,058.5
55.0
15.5
500.7
43.5
142.4
15.5
45.9
52.0
43.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

439.9
8.4
277.5
13.3
16.0

437.7
8.5
279.4
13.3
15.8

438.4
8.6
280.6
13.4
15.9

126.9
6.8
90.9
2.4
3.3

129.4
7.4
94.4
2.4
3.4

129.4
7.3
94.5
2.4
3.4

593.7
26.7
381.3
14.7
25.3

605.8
26.9
395.2
15.3
25.8

607.9
26.8
397.0
15.5
25.8

Mississippi
Jackson

242.9
20.2

241.0
19.4

240.6
20.0

53.3
16.5

54.0
16.4

53.9
16.3

241.5
54.9

242.9
53.4

246.2
53.9

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

418.5
107.0
196.0
23.4

416.8
107.2
193.2
23.7

416.0
107.3
192.5
23.8

165.6
76.1
82.8
11.3

166.0
78.5
82.3
11.2

166.0
78.5
82.8
11.5

620.1
226.6
303.6
45.1

622.3
231.0
306.2
45.0

630.0
232.4
308.7
45.3

Montana

23.4

24.6

24.3

21.3

21.7

21.7

97.0

97.6

98.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

118.7
17.9
39.3

117.8
17.8
39.6

117.5
17.7
39.5

54.5
9.7
28.8

58.2
9.8
30.3

58.5
9.8
30.5

205.8
30.1
93.8

209.6
30.7
97.2

209.3
30.7
96.8

41.5
22.4
13.6

41.8
22.8
13.6

42.1
22.8
13.8

47.1
33.7
11.8

48.2
34.8
11.6

48.5
35.0
11.9

183.9
134.5
39.9

192.5
141.2
41.1

193.8
141.9
41.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

110.1
14.8
28.4
19.2

107.1
14.9
27.3
18.4

106.8
15.0
27.4
18.4

19.7
5.6
2.4
3.9

20.9
5.9
3.0
3.8

20.8
6.0
3.0
3.8

146.5
23.9
22.2
29.4

150.7
24.8
22.7
30.3

150.1
25.0
22.8
30.4

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

478.5
6.2
105.7
55.2
26.9
93.7
21.0
134.5
18.4
12.6

467.0
6.0
103.4
54.4
25.9
91.4
20.1
133.8
16.6
12.3

466.7
5.7
103.2
54.2
26.1
91.8
20.3
134.1
16.7
12.4

258.0
7.1
36.2
22.3
29.4
48.8
20.3
80.8
7.4
2.6

262.3
6.7
36.9
23.0
30.2
48.5
19.7
84.3
7.1
2.6

262.8
6.8
37.2
23.0
30.0
48.5
19.6
84.0
7.0
2.6

861.9
32.8
174.8
124.1
57.5
141.5
93.8
190.6
31.8
11.4

877.3
32.7
177.0
128.1
57.6
144.0
95.4
193.7
32.3
11.5

880.3
33.5
177.7
128.8
57.2
143.8
96.2
194.2
32.2
11.5

45.3
29.1
2.7
2.1

43.5
27.8
2.9
1.9

43.5
28.1
2.9
1.9

33.2
16.0
2.0
1.2

34.1
16.9
2.2
1.3

34.3
17.0
2.2
1.3

167.1
80.8
10.8
14.8

168.6
80.6
10.6
14.7

170.0
81.2
10.7
14.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C. .

133.0
73.2
33.4
50.8

135.7
76.3
35.8
51.3

136.3
76.2
36.1
51.5

771.0
397.6
152.9
294.8

792.9
409.1
157.7
302.5

800.8
412.2
158.7
304.0

436.0
217.5
88.1
168.7

444.5
220.0
86.7
172.4

448.4
221.4
87.1
172.9

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth..
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster..
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

213.8
2.9
159.9
3.1
1.5
4.4
3.3
1.7
1.8
12.8
14.7

218.4
2.8
164.7
3.2
1.5
4.6
3.5
1.8
1.9
12.8
14.1

219.4
2.8
165.0
3.2
1.5
4.6
3.5
1.7
1.9
12.8
14.1

1,120.1
17.9
755.6
24.8
13.0
43.1
32.5
16.8
13.8
78.5
67.9

1,134.1
18.2
762.8
26.2
12.6
43.0
34.6
17.9
13.9
78.3
69.2

1,143.1
18.6
767.9
26.3
12.9
43.2
34.5
18.1
13.8
79.2
69.6

413.8
7.5
231.0
16.1
8.1
19.5
15.8
9.9
5.1
46.2
35.3

420.9
7.9
235.5
16.9
8.5
20.0
16.0
10.1
5.3
46.9
36.1

422.4
8.0
236.5
17.1
8.5
20.1
16.2
10.0
5.3
46.9
36.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

209.1
10.0
2.3
113.1
6.5
23.0
1.9
10.6
13.8
6.7

207.3
10.0
2.3
113.0
6.5
24.2
1.9
10.3
14.4
6.7

207.8
10.1
2.3
113.2
6.5
24.4
1.9
10.3
14.4
6.7

1,217.7
65.7
18.7
640.6
48.4
140.4
14.6
53.3
57.0
47.2

1,240.4
66.8
18.9
653.2
48.3
141.0
14.6
53.6
57.8
48.7

1,248.4
67.3
19.0
658.7
48.5
142.3
14.7
54.0
57.9
49.0

675.5
73.5
8.8
236.9
25.5
56.3
10.4
36.4
67.1
22.8

678.4
74.4
9.1
237.8
25.8
58.2
10.6
36.7
68.0
23.1

681.5
75.3
9.1
238.4
25.9
58.7
10.7
36.8
65.9
23.2

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud

151.9
3.3
120.0
2.4
3.2

157.9
3.4
126.6
2.3
3.3

158.1
3.5
127.3
2.3
3.4

711.5
32.1
476.1
33.6
21.7

722.5
33.5
489.9
34.4
22.2

727.6
33.2
494.9
34.8
22.3

389.7
24.3
226.7
7.3
13.0

393.7
24.2
230.4
7.3
12.9

394.9
24.3
230.8
7.3
12.8

42.5
16.1

42.3
16.5

42.0
16.5

259.6
59.2

258.2
59.2

259.1
59.3

221.9
46.5

227.8
47.4

227.9
47.5

159.2
66.4
81.7
7.5

163.7
68.9
82.4
7.6

164.0
69.0
82.6
7.6

741.6
272.7
408.6
48.0

747.3
282.3
417.4
49.0

752.2
283.3
418.5
49.3

423.2
136.3
161.1
18.7

427.0
138.3
156.0
21.2

431.1
138.6
157.0
21.3

Mississippi .
Jackson ...
Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield....
Montana ...

16.6

17.2

17.2

103.0

106.8

107.7

80.1

80.1

81.7

Nebraska
Lincoln ..
Omaha ..

56.2
9.5
33.0

58.7
10.1
34.3

58.5
10.1
34.1

232.0
38.9
130.3

236.7
40.1
132.1

238.3
40.6
132.4

154.1
33.3
52.3

150.9
32.9
50.5

151.4
33.2
50.6

Nevada
Las Vegas..
Reno

42.6
32.0
8.2

44.9
34.0
8.7

45.1
34.2
8.7

383.4
286.8
69.0

401.5
304.6
68.9

403.7
304.9
69.5

112.2
70.6
24.2

116.9
75.0
24.4

117.5
75.0
24.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.

30.9
7.2
5.1
6.5

31.3
7.0
5.6
6.7

31.5
7.0
5.6
6.8

167.8
31.9
23.3
30.3

174.2
32.3
23.8
31.3

174.6
32.4
23.5
31.3

82.2
11.2
8.6
21.7

82.2
11.5
8.3
22.4

82.6
11.6
8.4
22.2

243.9
5.8
36.3
24.2
26.2
45.4
18.2
73.2
11.0
2.9

251.6
5.6
37.7
26.2
27.4
45.9
18.3
75.5
11.0
2.9

252.4
5.5
37.9
26.7
27.5
46.2
18.5
75.7
10.9
2.9

1,189.1
85.7
198.3
148.3
59.1
185.3
123.0
299.6
72.6
12.4

1,223.6
85.7
207.1
151.8
59.8
193.2
126.4
307.8
73.6
12.6

1,238.6
86.7
209.7
153.5
60.0
195.3
128.5
309.5
74.6
12.6

580.2
28.6
72.9
81.4
38.6
79.7
64.9
143.2
52.7
14.1

575.0
28.6
70.9
80.5
38.6
80.0
63.4
143.1
51.9
14.2

578.2
28.8
71.6
81.0
38.7
80.6
64.1
144.0
51.7
14.3

31.4
16.7
2.0
3.3

31.9
17.0
2.0
3.4

32.0
17.1
2.0
3.4

199.2
105.8
11.6
21.5

206.8
108.9
13.9
21.7

208.5
109.4
14.1
22.0

182.7
65.8
20.5
25.0

179.9
66.5
18.4
25.6

181.9
66.5
18.9
25.6

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque .
LasCruces ...
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,124.1
432.9
113.1
539.9
107.7
42.8
46.5
1,130.7
4,004.9
3,490.2
121.3
531.7
103.2
334.8
126.7
390.7

8,195.5
436.6
114.2
538.7
109.6
43.2
47.9
1,139.1
4,059.5
3,538.8
123.7
531.2
105.4
337.6
128.5
393.7

8,261.2
438.5
114.8
541.1
110.6
43.3
47.7
1,156.5
4,095.3
3,569.0
125.0
533.6
106.8
339.1
128.6
397.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,711.6
108.0
764.8
637.7
637.5

3,805.4
111.3
783.5
652.4
669.8

3,822.0
112.5
788.5
656.3
673.9

314.8
48.3
97.7
48.1

314.9
49.0
98.9
48.2

315.4
49.2
99.1
48.1

5,398.6
320.6
181.0
848.3
1,136.7
823.5
475.3
122.4
76.8
79.4
50.8
317.9
243.8

5,410.6
323.2
183.0
861.3
1,142.4
833.0
474.6
122.6
77.3
79.5
49.4
320.2
244.4

5,445.5
324.4
183.9
870.0
1,146.5
836.7
476.5
123.4
77.9
80.1
50.5
322.1
246.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,427.2
24.3
38.0
508.1
386.6

1,451.6
24.3
38.2
519.3
399.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,531.6
138.2
67.3
928.5
131.4

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,428.6
270.7
57.7
129.0
351.8
85.6
213.7
2,291.3
672.1
1,073.3
164.7
274.4
48.3
68.5
53.0
163.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




February
1999

March
1998

4.0
.4

.3

(1)

.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.0

203.4
5.6
47.1
31.6
35.2

214.2
6.5
48.6
33.3
39.9

215.4
6.5
49.5
33.3
40.6

3.6

12.3
2.2
4.7
2.5

12.1
2.2
4.6
2.5

12.1
2.2
4.8
2.5

.3
.3

.3
<;>
(1)

(\)
(1)

(M
(1)

(M
(1)

4.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

266.2
13.9
3.4
17.1
4.0
1.5
1.6
52.8
127.3
101.0
4.1
16.3
4.7
10.9
2.8
19.8

(1)

(1)
.3

3.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

3.8

(M
(M
(1)
3.6

March
1999P

258.2
13.8
3.4
16.6
3.9
1.5
1.6
50.7
123.3
98.3
4.2
16.3
4.5
10.7
2.8
18.9

( )
(1)
(1)

(M
(1)
(11)
()

February
1999

252.2
13.4
3.0
16.6
4.1
1.3
1.5
48.1
119.6
94.8
3.9
16.4
4.4
10.9
2.6
18.6

1

( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(M
( 11 )
( )
( 11 )
(1)
( )

March
1998

3.9
.4

3.7
.4
1

0)

March
1999P

(M
<;>
(1)

(1)

12.9
.5
.5
.7
.8
.6
.3
1
( )
.4
.2
.4

12.7
.5
.5
.7
1.0
.6
.3
(1)
1
( )
(1)
.4
.2
.4

12.9
.5
.5
.7
1.0
.6
.3
(1)
1
( )
(1)
.4
.2
.4

202.6
11.9
8.0
36.3
39.2
32.2
16.0
6.4
3.5
2.4
1.6
13.7
8.8

201.5
12.3
8.5
36.3
39.6
33.2
16.8
6.9
3.9
2.4
1.5
14.5
9.5

205.0
12.4
8.6
37.0
40.0
33.6
16.9
7.0
3.9
2.4
1.5
14.8
9.9

1,462.3
24.4
38.7
522.4
402.1

33.1
.9
.1
7.5
7.8

30.5
.7
.1
6.9
7.8

30.3
.7
.1
6.8
7.8

52.2
1.0
1.3
19.1
15.5

53.4
.9
1.4
19.3
15.9

54.4
.9
1.5
19.3
16.3

1,559.1
140.8
69.6
944.5
132.5

1,569.5
141.6
70.3
950.1
133.3

1.7
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.7
.2
.1
1.2
.2

1.7
.2
.1
1.2
.2

77.1
6.7
3.0
51.4
7.1

79.2
6.8
3.2
53.3
7.2

80.3
6.9
3.3
53.9
7.3

5,459.5
273.3
59.2
131.1
357.1
86.6
216.7
2,305.2
674.1
1,085.2
165.2
275.6
48.6
69.6
53.8
163.8

5,488.9
275.6
59.5
130.5
358.5
87.5
218.0
2,315.5
672.2
1,090.6
166.1
276.8
48.8
69.4
54.0
164.7

20.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.7
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4

20.0

20.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4

195.8
9.9
2.3
3.8
12.9
3.8
11.8
83.0
10.2
44.0
6.5
9.1
1.2
2.2
1.9
7.9

203.7
10.1
2.5
4.1
13.1
3.8
12.5
85.7
9.2
45.0
6.5
9.0
1.2
2.0
1.8
7.9

208.9
10.4
2.6
3.9
13.5
3.9
12.7
88.1
9.7
46.4
6.5
9.2
1.2
2.1
1.9
8.1

(M
(1)

(M

{])
(1)

(M
(11)
( )
(11)
( )

(M
(1)

.4

(1)
(1)
4.1
(1)

(M
(1)

.4

.4
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

0)
(1)

4.2

(1)

.4

.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March

February
1999

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

915.3
39.3
24.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

826.2
19.4
143.1
161.7
83.5

812.8
19.1

23.9
2.6
8.0
3.7
1,098.8
65.7
47.0
141.6
224.2

March
1999P

902.2

904.6

38.6
24.0
88.1
18.1
9.5
8.0

38.9
24.0
87.7
18.0
9.4
8.0
114.6
309.8
257.2
12.2
120.8

March
1998

February

March
1999P

1,631.2

1,641.0

89.3
24.1
127.2
20.0

89.7
24.5
127.3
20.5

90.2
24.5
127.7
20.7

10.2

10.5

10.9

52.8
234.1
207.0
7.3
17.5

286.1

286.2

10.3
11.0
290.2

690.2
577.3

697.3

701.9

75.1
25.0
85.3

582.7
33.8
110.7
24.6
75.4
25.1
85.6

586.5
34.2
111.7
24.8
75.9
25.3
86.2

35.9
29.1

831.7
26.4
180.8
143.6
131.8

860.2
27.3
182.5
146.0
139.1

866.4
27.7
184.2
146.6
140.0

17.7
3.1
5.1
2.1

17.6
3.1
5.0
2.1

79.5
11.8
27.6
12.9

79.6
11.8
27.8
13.0

80.4
12.0
27.9
13.2

238.8
14.8
5.0
47.7
45.3
37.9
21.1
4.7
3.4
3.3
2.8

240.2
14.9
5.2
47.4
45.7
37.8
21.0
4.7
3.4
3.3

1,297.7

215.5

1,302.3
80.5
44.4
219.4

268.5

270.1

214.5
108.3
32.6
17.9
17.7
10.6

213.4
108.5
32.3

1,313.7
80.8
44.9
221.4
271.2
214.5
109.4
32.2
18.4

206.0
7.0
17.1
5.8
19.1
3.8
20.3

206.4
7.3
17.4
6.0
19.7
3.7
20.4
173.8
4.8
49.4
35.8
28.9

174.2

83.9

169.0
4.7
51.1
34.0
27.5

23.5
2.6
7.8
4.0

23.4
2.6
7.7
4.0

18.2
3.0
5.2
2.2

1,084.7
64.4
47.0
142.8
221.1
93.2
96.8
22.0
19.6
23.5
12.7
58.9
55.6

236.2

13.7
61.6
57.2

1,086.3
64.5
46.9
142.5
220.4
93.2
96.9
22.0
19.5
23.5
12.6
59.5
55.9

10.7

10.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

185.5
2.2
3.7
54.7
58.4

186.0
2.3
3.8
54.9
58.5

186.5
2.4
3.8
54.8
58.5

81.0
2.1
1.6
23.7
31.5

83.7
2.2
1.6
24.4
33.9

83.9
2.2
1.6
24.2
33.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ..
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver.
Salem

243.1

236.6
22.1
8.7
144.1
16.1

237.1
22.2
8.7
145.2
16.1

75.3
4.5
3.3
53.1
3.8

77.3
4.4
3.5
54.4
3.8

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

942.0
57.0
10.1
34.3
46.6
13.0
57.2

929.7
55.7
10.1
34.5
46.8
12.8
56.7
300.8
56.6
140.5
41.9
55.1
11.7
9.0
13.6
47.1

930.3
56.1
10.1
34.5
46.8
12.9
56.4
300.5
56.5
138.9
42.4
55.2
11.7
8.9
13.6
47.1

284.3
15.9
4.3
4.8
23.6

287.4
16.0
4.5
4.7
24.4
5.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

9.8
8.1
113.4
312.5

261.0
12.2
124.5
11.8

50.1
20.0
37.8

92.9
100.4
22.3
19.7
23.2

21.7
9.0
150.8
16.9

306.3
57.8
138.7
43.6
54.7
11.7
9.0
13.4
48.3

113.9
307.3
255.2
12.2
120.0

11.9
50.5
20.3
38.2

140.1
162.4
84.4

12.1
50.3
20.2
38.6
811.0
18.9
140.0
162.2

See footnotes at end of table.




90

14.8
5.1

46.1
44.9
37.0
21.2
4.7
3.2
3.5

2.6
14.0
10.5

5.1
8.1
109.4
33.7
67.3
8.4
16.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
8.2

March
1999P

1,620.8

410.8
17.3
5.0
25.5

17.6

February
1999

412.3
17.4
5.0
25.6
4.2
1.5
1.4

408.2
17.1
4.9
25.5
3.8
1.5
1.3
52.4
232.8

88.7

March

4.1
1.5
1.3
52.2
233.5

6.0
19.7
3.7
20.5
4.9
49.2

2.8
15.2

10.0

32.8

111.0
23.4

79.0
44.2

18.1
17.5

17.7

61.4

10.8
78.3
61.8

10.8
78.7
62.2

325.9
6.0
8.9
118.4
89.5

330.4
6.1
8.9
121.4
92.3

333.7
6.2
8.9

77.7
4.4
3.5
54.6
3.8

372.3
33.8
19.0
227.6
27.7

376.8
34.5
20.0
231.5
28.0

380.1
34.6
20.1
232.9
28.1

16.3

288.1
16.2
4.5
4.7
24.4
5.2
8.0
110.8
35.7
69.1
9.0
16.2

1.9
2.1
2.2

1.9
2.1
2.2

8.6

8.6

1,201.6
56.7
15.4
28.3
78.1
19.3
52.5
496.8
110.2
252.8
37.9
64.9
12.3
12.5
12.8
38.7

1,210.8
58.4
15.6
28.7
79.6
20.4
52.9
501.9
109.9
253.3
37.7
65.1
12.3
12.9
13.1
39.6

1,220.4
58.3
15.8
28.5
79.9
20.5
53.5
504.7
110.6
255.1
37.8
65.7
12.4
12.9
13.1
40.1

15.2

8.0
111.5
35.8
68.8
8.9

77.1

122.1
93.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

727.0
25.8
3.7
29.3
4.6
1.2
2.0
77.9
511.7
478.2
5.5
20.9
5.1
17.8
8.2
26.8

732.8
25.7
3.8
29.4
4.7
1.2
2.3
78.3
517.3
484.0
5.4
20.4
5.0
17.9
8.2
26.7

734.7
25.7
3.8
29.4
5.0
1.2
2.3
79.0
518.3
484.8
5.5
20.6
5.1
17.9
8.2
26.8

2,756.0
137.5
29.8
163.6
34.6
11.6
13.0
365.7
1,492.2
1,311.0
31.9
158.1
32.9
99.6
39.0
141.8

2,823.0
141.0
30.6
163.6
35.1
11.8
13.2
371.3
1,544.6
1,360.3
32.4
162.6
34.1
100.2
40.4
143.2

2,854.8
141.7
31.0
164.7
35.4
11.8
13.0
378.8
1,561.4
1.374.7
32.5
162.8
34.6
101.2
40.4
145.1

1,440.4
110.1
22.7
88.9
23.0
7.3
10.1
187.0
645.8
561.7
28.0
83.5
19.8
62.2
28.1
60.0

1,433.6
110.1
22.9
88.2
23.3
7.4
10.5
186.4
636.1
551.7
28.5
83.6
19.4
63.3
28.0
60.6

1,443.7
110.2
23.0
88.8
23.3
7.5
10.4
188.3
642.6
557.6
29.2
83.7
19.5
63.3
28.0
61.0

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

173.3
3.5
56.3
33.1
29.4

181.9
3.7
62.5
34.4
30.6

182.2
3.8
63.2
34.6
30.6

903.1
32.3
194.3
163.8
200.6

946.1
33.4
206.0
171.4
212.9

953.0
33.9
207.9
173.9
214.9

600.9
16.1
92.1
69.9
129.5

612.5
16.5
94.4
69.1
134.0

615.8
16.8
94.5
69.8
134.8

15.4
2.3
6.7
1.5

15.8
2.4
7.0
1.4

15.7
2.4
7.0
1.4

88.8
15.9
29.9
12.4

89.9
16.0
30.6
12.1

90.2
16.1
30.9
12.0

72.9
10.5
15.6
12.9

72.7
10.9
16.0
13.1

72.4
10.8
15.8
12.9

294.7
13.2
6.2
54.6
74.7
74.3
18.4
6.3
2.1
2.6
1.4
11.3
9.4

300.3
13.2
6.3
56.0
75.7
76.7
18.8
6.9
2.0
2.5
1.4
11.2
9.2

301.8
13.3
6.3
56.2
75.9
76.7
19.0
6.9
2.0
2.5
1.5
11.2
9.3

1,478.8
86.1
49.9
250.5
340.1
233.4
138.6
28.5
19.9
19.3
14.0
90.9
64.0

1,489.8
87.6
50.7
254.9
344.1
239.1
140.6
29.0
19.9
19.1
13.6
92.3
64.8

1,503.4
87.8
50.7
259.2
345.1
241.0
141.0
29.5
20.1
19.2
14.3
93.4
65.1

776.9
49.4
20.1
103.0
144.3
138.6
72.1
21.6
10.5
10.7
6.5
49.1
32.1

778.9
49.8
20.7
103.8
146.2
138.9
71.6
20.8
10.5
11.2
6.3
49.0
32.1

783.8
50.3
20.7
105.3
146.5
139.3
72.1
21.1
10.5
11.5
6.5
49.7
32.9

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

71.6
1.0
1.9
29.1
21.0

75.0
1.1
1.8
30.5
22.0

75.2
1.1
1.9
30.5
22.2

396.4
7.0
8.4
152.7
119.7

409.8
6.8
8.4
157.9
125.1

413.9
6.8
8.5
159.6
126.1

281.5
4.1
12.1
102.9
43.2

282.8
4.2
12.2
104.0
44.0

284.4
4.1
12.4
105.1
44.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

94.0
7.2
3.0
66.8
6.5

95.7
7.4
3.0
67.9
6.7

96.2
7.4
3.0
68.4
6.7

409.6
37.6
18.8
258.2
31.8

425.7
38.8
19.8
267.5
31.7

429.0
39.2
20.1
268.7
32.2

258.5
26.5
11.1
119.5
37.3

266.1
26.6
11.3
124.6
38.8

267.4
26.7
11.5
125.2
38.9

314.8
13.5
1.6
5.4
25.1
4.1
9.5
160.6
53.0
63.8
8.3
13.7
1.5
2.0
2.1
5.2

318.2
14.2
1.6
5.5
25.5
4.1
9.8
162.1
51.2
64.6
8.5
14.1
1.5
2.1
2.1
5.0

318.0
14.2
1.6
5.5
25.4
4.2
9.9
161.8
51.0
64.7
8.5
14.0
1.5
2.1
2.1
5.0

1,745.8
86.0
15.8
36.3
98.1
26.0
55.0
834.3
288.0
376.1
40.6
79.9
13.9
14.1
14.5
38.1

1,770.5
87.0
16.4
37.8
100.9
26.4
57.2
847.8
297.2
383.1
41.4
80.1
14.4
14.3
14.7
38.7

1,781.1
88.1
16.3
37.5
101.3
26.6
57.6
851.9
293.9
386.0
41.7
80.9
14.5
14.3
14.8
38.8

724.2
31.7
8.2
16.1
67.4
14.3
19.2
300.9
119.2
125.9
19.4
35.6
5.7
26.7
6.3
16.5

719.2
31.9
8.5
15.8
66.8
14.0
19.2
295.4
114.2
125.8
20.3
35.5
5.6
27.2
6.3
16.5

722.1
32.3
8.6
15.9
67.2
14.2
19.5
297.7
114.8
126.2
20.2
35.2
5.6
27.0
6.3
16.6

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1998

February

March
1999P

March
1998

February

447.5
506.3

452.4
512.2

454.9
514.6

1,764.5
228.5
287.3
466.0

1,797.8
237.0
295.9
472.1

1,817.1
240.1
298.8
475.9

1.8

1.8

351.8
45.9
102.7

359.2
47.5
106.6

359.8
48.1
107.4

1.8

1.5

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,605.8
218.1
196.4
318.5
567.2
644.6

2,624.8
216.9
194.4
317.9
588.7
651.4

2,632.3
217.6
194.9
318.9
592.1
653.7

4.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito ....
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

8,827.3
56.8

9,046.5
57.6
96.7
610.6
163.9
75.4

9,094.2
57.7
97.3

99.3
71.9
155.6

100.1
74.0

101.2
75.0
158.3

1,802.8
245.9
727.6

1,862.0
245.6
748.5
88.9
2,003.2
100.2
65.2

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
South Dakota .
Rapid City ....
Sioux Falls ...

94.7
590.8
160.6
75.9

88.9
1,962.0
99.3
63.1
89.8
114.9
139.5
107.7
44.0

157.0

90.6
116.1

614.7

164.0
76.0

1,870.2
246.9
753.6

89.3
2,010.1
100.8
65.7
91.5
116.8
143.3

169.9
1.6
.7
1.3
.8
1.5
1
( )
.9
2.5
11.2
(1)
4.5
.8
70.0

(M
3.0
3.5

.1
1.2
14.0
.7

95.8
60.4
1,009.7
139.5
676.5

1,027.9
142.4
691.7

1,034.6
143.5
696.1

283.9
30.3
99.5

289.4
31.1
100.5

289.7
31.6
100.5

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,258.9
37.5
82.4
45.3
98.1

3,320.7
39.0
84.6
45.2
98.4
673.8
1,051.5
537.2
145.8

3,344.1

10.9

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma

2,548.5
1,328.8

2,588.8
1,352.4
185.5
237.7

2,609.3

Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden .
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

78.1
35.8

667.7
1,014.9
530.9
141.7

186.2
230.5

104.1
44.7

697.2

1.8

44.8

158.4
1.1
.6
1.2

14.1
16.1

1.8

102.1
16.4
15.6
29.9

108.3
17.6
16.2
31.2

110.4
18.1
16.8
31.6

1.5

13.2
2.6
4.4

14.0
2.6
4.5

14.1
2.6
4.6

114.0
9.5
10.5
15.6
24.4
30.6

119.8
9.0
10.4
15.8
27.3
32.2

121.7
9.2
10.4
15.9
27.3
32.6

479.5

509.8
2.3
4.3
34.3
18.2
11.2
4.0

514.6
2.3
4.4
34.5

1.3
.9
1.5
1

( )
.8

2.1
11.5

(M
4.5
.7
67.1
1.8
3.3
.1
1.2
11.9
.5
1.8

80.9
36.3
98.9

.8
2.1
11.4
(1)
4.4
.7
66.7
1
( )
1.7
3.3
.1
1.2

11.7
.5
1.8

60.4

39.4

(M)

(M

11.8

39.5
4.3

133.6
4.3
2.3
3.7

140.7
4.3
2.4

4.1
6.9
6.4
1.8
34.5
2.2
3.1
2.3
4.5
2.6

1.0
7.6

61.9
9.2

2.9

2.8

2.8

.5

.3

.4

10.3

(M
10.2

(J)
(1)
( )
( )
( )
(1

539.2

146.4

92

11.7

1.0

)

3.2
.6

3.3
.7

3.3
.7

3.1
11.6
92.7

36.5
4.5

7.6

1.1

44.9
99.5
680.6
1,062.1

239.9

11.1
3.8
2.7
12.6
86.0

8.1

84.9

1,360.3
187.7

2.1
4.3
31.8
16.9

2.1
1.6
1.8

1.6
1.7

1.6
1.8

March
1999P

13.6
15.6

158.1
1.1
.6

.9
1.5

February
1999

13.4
14.9

51.9

See footnotes at end of table.




March
1998

(J)1

142.6
104.7
44.7
690.9
44.8
51.3
80.2
36.1
98.4
60.0

676.1
44.3
50.7

March
1999P

4.1
4.2
7.0
7.0
2.0
36.3
2.6
2.1
3.2
2.4
5.0
2.5

18.1

11.4
3.9
3.2
11.8
94.4

11.9
40.3
4.3
140.6
4.4
2.3
4.2
4.2
7.0

6.9
1.9
36.5
2.5
2.2
3.3
2.5
5.0
2.6

41.1

64.7
9.1
43.5

66.0
9.5
44.5

11.4
1.1
4.5

12.4
1.1
5.3

12.6
1.1
5.4

179.0
1.4
4.1
2.3
5.6
38.8
54.7
31.8
8.3

185.8

188.4

1.5
4.2
2.5
5.8

1.6
4.3
2.5

39.1
58.5
32.0

5.9
39.4
59.3
32.3
8.6

133.0
67.6

135.7

139.2

9.1

9.1
13.3

69.8
9.5
13.5

12.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
IManufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

78.9
101.3

77.9
101.2

78.5
101.4

15.9
18.0

15.8
18.5

16.0
18.6

94.1
112.2

96.3
114.2

96.5
114.7

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

362.7
22.1
25.9
122.2

362.2
22.3
26.2
120.4

360.9
22.3
26.1
120.2

75.8
12.7
12.4
20.3

78.4
12.9
13.4
20.8

78.9
13.1
13.4
20.8

419.6
56.0
65.5
118.0

427.8
58.2
67.2
120.5

433.7
59.2
67.8
121.8

49.0
4.5
14.1

49.6
4.8
14.8

49.2
4.7
14.8

16.2
1.9
6.6

16.7
2.0
6.8

16.8
2.0
7.0

86.9
13.2
26.0

87.6
13.4
26.6

87.8
13.6
26.6

519.5
43.1
51.5
49.4
63.6
97.5

508.3
44.3
47.5
47.0
62.6
95.2

507.8
44.2
47.5
46.8
62.7
95.3

155.8
11.1
7.6
14.2
67.7
32.1

158.4
11.5
7.7
14.2
71.4
32.3

158.7
11.5
7.8
14.2
72.4
32.4

608.5
48.9
44.2
84.5
141.1
154.8

613.7
47.0
45.1
84.5
144.0
158.6

615.0
47.2
45.2
85.1
145.1
158.6

1,104.1
3.4
9.3
81.7
25.4
16.6
12.1
4.4
13.3
249.6
42.9
110.6
8.2
218.5
9.3
1.6
19.4
7.6
12.5
7.6
5.2
50.3
10.7
5.6
10.8
3.2
16.0
8.5

1,098.0
3.6
9.4
81.7
25.9
15.2
11.8
4.8
13.3
252.8
40.6
111.8
8.1
215.8
9.5
1.7
19.5
7.4
12.7
6.9
4.9
52.2
10.0
5.5
10.7
3.2
16.4
8.6

1,098.1
3.6
9.3
82.1
25.6
15.4
12.1
4.8
13.4
253.4
40.9
112.0
8.1
215.0
9.6
1.7
19.6
7.3
12.5
6.7
4.8
52.2
9.9
5.5
10.7
3.2
16.3
8.6

531.3
2.5
5.4
19.3
8.2
2.8
4.8
1.6
6.6
122.7
13.6
68.0
4.0
136.4
3.6
10.8
4.3
5.7
5.2
4.2
2.7
32.1
1.6
2.6
3.8
1.6
3.9
3.0

554.1
2.5
5.4
20.6
8.0
2.7
4.8
1.6
6.5
127.7
14.3
71.8
4.2
142.2
3.4
11.5
4.0
5.8
5.2
3.9
2.9
32.0
1.6
2.8
3.8
1.6
3.9
3.0

556.7
2.5
5.4
20.7
8.0
2.8
4.9
1.6
6.5
128.0
14.3
72.0
4.2
142.3
3.4
11.6
4.0
5.8
5.4
3.9
2.9
32.0
1.6
2.8
3.8
1.6
3.9
3.0

2,071.1
14.8
26.1
125.1
35.5
14.5
24.1
14.8
35.7
437.7
57.2
181.4
19.6
441.5
22.6
16.5
22.3
31.7
38.7
28.1
10.1
162.9
9.6
13.3
19.7
9.5
21.7
13.9

2,105.3
15.6
26.9
131.0
36.6
14.9
23.7
15.3
35.8
446.7
57.8
185.3
19.5
453.3
23.2
17.0
22.8
32.1
39.2
27.7
10.0
164.7
9.8
13.6
21.0
9.7
22.3
13.9

2,119.4
15.6
27.1
132.4
36.8
15.1
24.4
15.6
36.1
449.1
58.0
186.7
19.6
456.2
23.4
17.2
23.1
32.3
39.4
27.6
10.1
165.6
9.9
13.8
21.2
9.7
22.5
14.1

133.7
19.8
82.8

132.9
20.1
81.6

133.1
20.2
81.6

57.3
2.2
45.5

59.6
2.3
46.2

59.5
2.3
46.4

238.7
30.8
162.8

239.5
31.5
165.2

241.3
31.5
165.8

47.2
3.3
18.4

47.8
3.6
18.2

47.8
3.6
18.1

12.4
1.1
4.7

12.4
1.3
4.7

12.4
1.3
4.7

63.8
6.6
21.9

64.4
6.7
21.5

64.7
6.9
21.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

406.0
9.4
8.3
14.8
25.7
69.7
44.6
61.6
19.1

401.5
9.1
8.6
14.8
25.2
70.5
43.8
60.2
18.8

400.7
9.1
8.4
14.4
25.3
71.0
43.8
59.9
18.7

168.8
1.3
2.3
1.0
3.6
31.2
62.2
27.7
8.5

174.6
1.3
2.5
1.0
3.5
31.1
66.6
28.8
8.9

175.1
1.3
2.5
1.0
3.6
31.0
67.2
28.8
9.0

714.3
10.4
16.1
9.5
20.5
152.9
212.7
122.2
36.1

724.4
11.0
16.2
9.3
19.9
156.2
215.2
125.4
36.9

730.2
11.2
16.4
9.3
20.2
157.6
218.4
126.2
37.2

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

377.1
228.4
22.7
25.4

366.0
224.8
19.6
24.6

365.6
222.8
19.8
24.6

132.4
78.7
7.8
9.0

136.8
81.0
8.0
9.2

137.3
81.3
8.0
9.4

604.0
307.8
46.6
56.7

619.6
313.2
47.9
57.9

624.7
316.1
47.9
58.6

South Dakota
Rapid City

Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .

27.5
29.4

29.0
30.9

29.2
31.1

153.4
164.4

155.6
166.1

156.4
166.8

64.1
65.9

64.1
65.5

64.0
65.7

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ...

77.9
8.5

81.2
8.4
22.3

411.3
62.5
71.3
99.6

421.5
66.4
74.7
103.4

431.0
67.3
75.9

16.4

82.1
8.6
22.4
16.5

105.0

313.3
50.3
75.6
59.5

316.6
51.2
75.9
59.4

318.3
51.5
76.4
60.0

South Dakota ....
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

21.7
2.7
11.3

23.2
2.8
12.3

23.5
3.0
12.3

91.4
13.6
30.4

94.0
14.1
31.5

94.2
14.4
32.0

71.6
7.4
9.9

72.6
7.8
10.1

72.7
7.8
10.1

123.2
15.5
6.0
14.1
27.8
41.3

126.2
15.8
6.1
14.7
28.8
42.0

126.1
15.8
6.2
14.6
28.9
41.9

692.8
56.1
46.8
85.3
162.9
204.6

703.7
56.6
48.1
85.8
171.2
205.7

707.5
56.9
48.2
86.2
171.7
207.2

387.7
33.9
29.8
54.8
79.7
83.7

390.6
32.7
29.5
55.3
83.4
85.4

391.4
32.8
29.6
55.5
84.0
85.7

484.8
2.5
5.1
31.1
5.2
1.8
3.6
2.5
6.3

507.0
2.6
5.1
32.0
5.2
1.9
3.5
2.7
6.2
155.2
9.7
35.3
6.1

508.8
2.6
5.2
32.2
5.2
1.9
3.5
2.7
6.4

2,467.1
19.7
26.7
169.9
42.1
13.6
27.3
15.4
47.8

2,559.5
19.7
27.6
176.8
42.5
13.6
28.3
16.0
50.4

155.2
9.7
35.5

547.5
56.7

567.0
57.8
203.9
19.2

1,519.5
10.2
17.1
130.6
26.5
14.0
23.6
29.6
30.8
201.7
54.2
94.4
27.2
259.8
27.8
14.7
11.7
25.4
37.7
18.2
9.0
136.4
5.9
11.5
11.3
6.4
15.1
12.8

1,554.4
10.2
17.4
133.0
26.6
14.4
24.0
29.7
31.1
208.4
53.6
96.4
26.8
259.3
27.9
15.3
11.7
25.6
39.0
18.4

1,557.7
10.3
17.6
132.9
26.6
14.3
24.0
30.2
31.2
208.2
53.7
96.5
26.8
260.2
28.1
15.6
11.7
26.1
39.1
18.4

221.6
12.2
14.4
24.4
9.6
29.3
16.0

2,580.8
19.7
27.7
178.6
42.8
13.6
28.4
16.1
50.8
570.5
58.4
206.2
19.5
620.3
27.7
13.2
21.8
35.1
33.5
25.0
13.0
226.2
12.3
14.6
24.8
9.6
29.7
16.1

9.6
136.1

9.6
136.5

6.1
11.2
11.5
6.4
15.4
12.7

6.0
11.3
11.5

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol ...
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

21.0
16.5

146.4
9.6
33.8
5.8
103.6
4.2
2.3
3.5
5.7
5.0
3.8
1.8
44.8
2.4
1.8
4.1
1.4
5.8
2.2

108.4
4.2
2.4
3.7
5.9
5.1
3.9
1.8
46.2
2.5
1.7
4.0
1.5
6.1
2.3

6.1
108.8
4.2
2.4
3.8
5.9
5.2
3.9
1.9
46.4
2.6
1.7
4.0
1.5
6.1
2.3

198.4
18.8
598.6
27.5
11.9
21.4
34.6
32.3
25.4
12.7
213.3
11.9
13.8
23.7
9.6
28.8
16.3

616.4
27.7
13.1
21.5
35.0
33.2
25.0
13.0

6.4
15.4
12.7

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden .

54.0
4.1
44.2

56.5
4.4
45.9

56.8
4.4
46.2

276.5
53.9
182.1

286.6
54.8
191.9

288.9
55.3
193.7

179.5
19.5
115.1

180.5
20.2
114.6

181.4
20.3
115.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

12.1
2.4
4.9

12.6
2.5
4.8

12.6
2.5
4.8

88.4
8.6
29.2

90.8

90.4
9.0

48.1
7.2
15.9

48.7
7.1
16.5

48.8
7.2
16.3

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

172.0

177.6

1.3
4.4
1.4
4.4

1.4
4.7

613.6
5.8
27.4

10.2
26.4
199.4
424.1

1,045.8
8.9
21.1
10.2
26.7
203.4
428.2

608.5
5.7
27.0
6.2

615.0
5.9
27.5
6.0

32.8
60.3
45.8

10.4

10.4

999.4
8.0
20.2
10.1
25.4
198.7
403.3
138.2
42.2

1,033.0
8.9
21.0

31.4
57.4
44.6
9.6

178.6
1.4
4.7
1.5
4.2
33.1
61.1

139.1
44.4

140.5
44.6

104.0
17.9

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma

131.8
79.6
10.9
12.2

138.0
83.0
11.1
12.8

138.9
83.7
11.1
12.7

696.3

713.8

382.8
57.3
66.4

392.1
57.6
69.5

722.0
396.7

470.7
183.3
31.8
48.3

1.5
4.2

46.1

See footnotes at end of table.




94

8.8
29.5

29.6

59.0
70.3

12.9
145.0
179.2

5.9
13.4
144.7
182.2
105.1

13.6
145.1
183.3

17.8

104.6
17.9

475.6
188.5
32.2
50.2

478.3
189.2
32.4
50.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

704.3
130.0
121.3
67.7
65.1

713.5
132.5
121.7
69.6
65.9

716.6
132.9
123.6
69.5
66.4

2,651.7
192.3
72.2
134.5
69.7
52.5
69.3
270.6
834.0
80.6
58.8
64.5

2,678.9
197.0
74.6
136.6
69.3
53.7
70.6
278.5
842.1
81.2
59.0
66.9

2,691.0
198.1
74.9
137.3
69.7
53.6
70.8
279.1
843.3
82.0
59.5
67.4

Wyoming
Casper

219.2
29.9

219.9
30.3

221.1
30.6

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

990.9
68.7
70.4
76.3
618.2

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

42.0

16.9
2.1

2

2

1

95

0)
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
()
(M
(1)

(M
(11)
(1)
(1)
( 1)
( 1)
()

1.3

.6
( )

March
1999P

16.4
2.0

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

21.7
1.8
1.5
.3
1.5

29.7
6.6
5.1
3.8
1.9

31.1
6.1
4.8
3.9
2.5

30.0
6.2
5.0
3.8
2.4

2.1

94.2
9.3
2.2
5.6
2.5
2.1
2.2
11.0
27.3
2.8
2.1
2.4

100.1
10.4
2.3
5.8
2.6
2.1
2.2
12.5
29.2
3.0
2.2
3.0

101.2
10.6
2.4
6.0
2.5
2.2
2.3
12.5
28.7
3.2
2.2
3.0

16.3
2.0

13.3
1.6

13.4
1.8

13.8
1.8

2.0
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

( )

21.9
1.8
1.5
.3
1.5

2.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

( )

February
1999

23.7
1.9
1.3
.3
1.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




March
1998

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

59.2
3.1
4.1
4.9
41.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(1)

(1)

1.8

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)

rManufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
March
1998

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

February
1999

March
1999P

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

82.4
10.1
17.1
13.0
6.1

80.6
10.1
15.3
12.6
6.2

81.5
10.1
16.1
12.7
6.2

38.4
9.2
6.4
2.6
2.7

39.2
9.1
7.0
2.7
2.7

39.2
9.1
7.0
2.6
2.8

158.8
30.7
30.9
16.7
16.8

161.5
31.7
30.7
17.3
16.7

162.9
32.0
31.3
17.5
17.0

612.0
59.3
13.0
29.0
20.7
12.0
12.2
29.2
178.5
25.7
24.4
18.3

608.2
59.6
14.0
28.5
20.0
12.0
11.9
29.3
177.8
24.8
25.0
18.9

608.5
59.8
14.1
28.4
19.9
11.9
12.0
29.5
Ml.7
24.8
25.0
19.0

123.6
7.8
3.5
9.8
2.9
1.9
3.1
8.8
39.5
2.5
1.8
3.3

126.9
8.4
3.5
9.8
3.0
1.8
3.3
9.3
41.2
2.5
1.7
3.1

127.9
8.5
3.5
9.9
3.0
1.9
3.3
9.3
41.3
2.5
1.8
3.2

592.1
40.3
19.3
31.1
16.1
12.5
18.0
58.4
178.1
16.2
10.8
16.2

592.6
40.8
20.0
31.8
16.3
12.4
18.8
59.2
176.8
17.0
10.5
16.7

595.6
41.1
20.0
31.9
16.4
12.5
19.0
59.2
178.0
17.1
10.6
16.8

10.4
1.5

10.7
1.5

10.6
1.5

13.6
1.7

13.7
1.8

13.7
1.8

50.2
8.2

50.2
8.2

50.4
8.3

148.8
15.6
17.4
10.1
68.4

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

27.5
1.1
.7
2.6
21.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

199.8
15.6
12.0
13.4
131.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.4

(2)

(2)

2.4

(2)

(2)

9.2

(2)

(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




March
1998

96

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
March
1998

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
1

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
2




February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

28.2
7.7
3.8
2.6
2.7

29.4
8.1
4.6
2.6
2.7

29.4
8.1
4.6
2.6
2.7

202.8
40.2
34.7
19.3
23.0

210.2
41.4
36.2
20.8
24.0

209.6
41.2
36.3
20.6
23.9

140.3
23.6
22.0

139.6
24.2
21.6

142.3
24.4

9.4
10.2

9.4
9.6

9.4

141.2
9.4
2.6
9.8
1.9
1.7
2.4
21.5
57.5
2.3
2.1
4.9

145.4
9.9
2.7
10.1
2.0
1.7
2.7

145.8

21.8
58.4
2.5
2.2
5.3

705.5
45.1
20.0
34.3
17.0
14.8
21.1
72.8
267.7
22.0
11.4
12.4

398.6
22.5
12.2
16.2
8.8
8.2
10.5
72.4
90.8

404.3
23.3
12.2
16.7

58.6
2.5
2.2
5.3

700.6
44.7
19.7
34.2
16.8
14.9
21.2
72.4
266.0
21.6
11.2
12.4

403.1
23.2

21.9

687.7
43.8
19.4
33.0
16.8
14.2
20.9
69.4
262.1
21.6
11.2
11.9

9.4
6.4
7.5

73.9
92.5
9.9
6.3
7.7

73.9
91.5
9.9
6.4
7.6

1.2

8.6
1.2

46.8
8.1

47.8
8.3

48.1
8.4

59.5
5.5

59.1
5.5

59.6
5.6

8.5
1.2

9.9
2.7
10.1
2.0
1.7
2.7

47.2
1.7
2.1
2.3

200.9
12.9
12.0
17.3

36.6

134.3

306.2
18.7
22.1
25.7
184.6

1.9

10.7

13.6

12.4
16.4
8.7
8.6
10.6

21.8
9.9

8.8
8.6
10.4

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.

97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing .
Mining .

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

34.5

34.2

34.3

34.2

34.3

40.9

40.1

40.5

40.5

40.9

43.4

43.4

42.7

42.3

43.5

Metal mining ..
Iron ores
Copper ores .

10
101
102

44.9
46.2
45.7

45.7
44.2
49.4

43.6
44.6
44.8

43.5
46.0
43.8

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.0
44.9

44.2
44.1

45.3
45.3

45.1
45.2

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas .
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

42.2
40.9
42.8

41.7
40.6
42.3

40.9
40.3
41.2

40.5
40.2
40.7

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

44.8
45.7

46.4
48.8

44.6
46.9

44.2
45.8

37.9

38.0

37.9

37.6

37.5
36.3
38.9
38.7

37.5
36.1
37.3
39.1

37.4
36.0
38.6
38.8

Construction

Average overtime hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

4.5
4.7

38.6

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

37.4
36.2
39.1
38.7

Heavy construction, except building ...,
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

41.3
39.7
41.8

41.2
41.2
41.3

41.2
39.8
41.6

40.2
39.0
40.6

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning .
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work ...

17
171
172
173

37.4
39.0
36.6
39.5
34.4
35.2
32.5

37.5
38.6
36.0
39.2
35.6
35.5
33.0

37.3
38.3
35.6
39.2
35.2
35.8
33.5

37.2
38.5
35.7
39.1
35.0
36.3
31.8

40.8
41.3
40.8
40.7
41.9
42.3
40.5
41.3
40.5
41.6
41.5
43.4
37.7
39.7
39.9
39.9

41.3
41.9
40.3
40.1
42.2
42.9
40.2
40.6
40.3
39.5
42.4
42.5
39.0
37.2
37.4
39.8

41.4
42.0
40.9
40.6
42.2
42.9
40.3
41.6
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.8
39.1
37.7
38.0
40.3

41.6
42.3
41.3

249

41.7
42.4
40.8
40.4
41.9
42.3
40.6
41.3
39.8
42.0
42.4
43.9
38.1
38.6
38.5
40.7

4.6
4.9
4.2
5.6
4.9
5.3
3.6
4.4
3.1
5.4
5.3
5.9
3.2
2.3
2.4
3.5

4.0
4.1
4.1
5.1
4.7
5.1
3.1
4.3
3.2
5.1
4.7
5.8
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.2

4.2
4.4
3.9
5.0
5.0
5.5
3.2
3.9
3.1
3.3
5.2
6.3
3.4
2.1
2.1
3.1

4.4
4.5
4.2
4.9
5.0
5.5
3.4
4.6
3.5
5.0
5.4
6.5
3.5
2.3
2.4
3.4

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.4
40.3
40.4
39.9
41.5
39.9
40.2
40.4
41.6
39.4

39.7
39.3
39.9
38.6
38.8
39.3
39.4
40.1
41.3
38.7

39.8
39.2
38.9
39.6
39.7
39.4
41.3
39.6
41.4
38.8

40.0
39.3
38.9
39.8
41.0
39.7
41.4
40.2
41.9
38.8

40.3

3.5
3.2
3.1
2.7
4.5
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6

3.3
2.9
2.9
2.4
4.2
3.7
3.6
4.1
3.5
3.7

3.2
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.1

3.7
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.4
4.6
3.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture ,
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures ,

174

175
176

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451

See footnotes at end of table.




98

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

SIC
oode

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

$12.68

$12.69

$13.09

$13.09

$13.12

$437.46

$434.00

$448.99

$447.68

$450.02

14.18

14.23

14.44

14.51

14.63

579.96

570.62

584.82

587.66

598.37

16.89

16.84

17.13

17.09

17.01

733.03

730.86

731.45

722.91

739.94

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

18.16
18.96
16.29

18.26
19.97
16.37

18.16
19.95
16.52

18.22
20.08
16.32

_
_
-

815.38
875.95
744.45

834.48
882.67
808.68

791.78
889.77
740.10

792.57
923.68
714.82

_
-

Coalmining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

19.11
19.37

19.11
19.39

19.14
19.39

19.15
19.39

_
-

859.95
869.71

844.66
855.10

867.04
878.37

863.67
876.43

-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

16.74
22.07
14.19

16.70
22.25
13.96

17.06
23.41
13.51

16.94
22.84
13.69

_
_
-

706.43
902.66
607.33

696.39
903.35
590.51

697.75
943.42
556.61

686.07
918.17
557.18

_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

14.51
13.87

14.57
13.94

14.83
14.06

14.93
14.14

_

650.05
633.86

676.05
680.27

661.42
659.41

659.91
647.61

-

16.29

16.34

16.63

16.76

617.39

620.92

630.28

630.18

15
152
153
154

15.73
14.82
15.31
16.64

15.81
14.94
14.91
16.69

16.10
15.00
15.18
17.22

16.27
15.20
14.91
17.39

-

588.30
536.48
598.62
643.97

592.88
542.32
580.00
645.90

603.75
541.50
566.21
673.30

608.50
547.20
575.53
674.73

_
_
-

16
161
162

15.47
15.05
15.59

15.68
15.37
15.80

15.95
15.18
16.19

16.10
15.60
16.25

-

638.91
597.49
651.66

646.02
633.24
652.54

657.14
604.16
673.50

647.22
608.40
659.75

_
-

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

16.67
16.97
15.06
18.09
16.42
16.13
14.35

16.68
17.00
15.04
18.06
16.62
16.26
14.40

16.97
17.27
15.29
18.48
16.68
16.68
14.79

17.08
17.37
15.41
18.61
16.82
16.99
14.73

623.46
661.83
551.20
714.56
564.85
567.78
466.38

625.50
656.20
541.44
707.95
591.67
577.23
475.20

632.98
661.44
544.32
724.42
587.14
597.14
495.47

635.38
668.75
550.14
727.65
588.70
616.74
468.41

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

13.47
14.02
10.95
12.29
11.10
11.54
9.41
11.06
11.01
11.09
9.81
13.26
8.67
11.15
11.30
10.36

13.46
13.96
10.99
12.19
11.04
11.49
9.36
11.17
11.18
11.15
9.97
13.36
8.68
11.27
11.43
10.37

13.66
14.13
11.27
12.87
11.29
11.72
9.68
11.38
11.28
11.44
10.25
13.59
9.00
11.46
11.60
10.73

13.72
14.20
11.32
12.88
11.34
11.79
9.72
11.47
11.31
11.62
10.31
13.61
9.03
11.46
11.62
10.72

13.80
14.26
11.38
_
_
_
_
_
_

561.70
594.45
446.76
496.52
465.09
488.14
382.05
456.78
438.20
465.78
415.94
582.11
330.33
430.39
435.05
421.65

549.17
576.55
448.39
496.13
462.58
486.03
379.08
461.32
452.79
463.84
413.76
579.82
327.24
447.42
456.06
413.76

564.16
592.05
454.18
516.09
476.44
502.79
389.14
462.03
454.58
451.88
434.60
577.58
351.00
426.31
433.84
427.05

568.01
596.40
462.99
522.93
478.55
505.79
391.72
477.15
461.45
482.23
435.08
596.12
353.07
432.04
441.56
432.02

574.08
603.20
469.99
_
_
_

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

10.80
10.17
9.79
10.87
9.40
10.74
12.00
11.80
11.61
10.97

10.85
10.23
9.73
11.05
9.77
10.70
11.86
12.02
11.64
11.00

11.05
10.52
10.02
11.34
9.57
11.26
11.74
12.38
11.63
11.20

11.09
10.55
10.06
11.41
9.66
11.17
11.71
12.56
11.64
11.25

11.13
_
_
-

436.32
409.85
395.52
433.71
390.10
428.53
482.40
476.72
482.98
432.22

430.75
402.04
388.23
426.53
379.08
420.51
467.28
482.00
480.73
425.70

439.79
412.38
389.78
449.06
379.93
443.64
484.86
490.25
481.48
434.56

443.60
414.62
391.33
454.12
396.06
443.45
484.79
504.91
487.72
436.50

448.54
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Crushed and broken stone

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

See footnotes at end of table.




99

16.83
_
-

_
_
_
-

-

_

649.64

_
_

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ..
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products .
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

42.5
45.6
41.8
44.3
40.2
41.9
46.5
41.7
41.1
43.0
45.3
42.7
41.7
42.6
41.2
48.1

42.9
43.6
41.7
45.4
39.4
40.9
46.2
41.9
40.5
44.6
46.4
43.2
44.4
42.2
40.5
44.3

42.2
42.3
41.3
43.0
40.3
42.2
45.6
42.2
41.7
42.6
45.3
43.3
40.6
42.8
41.7
46.1

42.2
41.1
42.0
43.7
40.9
42.0
45.9
41.9
42.0
42.5
44.9
43.6
40.4
42.6
42.0
46.4

43.2

5.6
8.1
4.5
6.3
3.4
4.7
7.3
4.5
4.5
6.7
7.9
5.8
6.6
5.2
3.1
7.7

5.8
8.7
5.2
7.4
3.9
4.0
6.9
4.6
4.6
7.4
8.4
5.9
7.8
4.4
3.0
4.8

5.5
5.4
5.0
6.1
4.3
4.3
6.7
5.0
4.8
6.5
7.5
6.6
5.7
5.0
2.6
7.9

5.6
5.4
5.1
6.3
4.4
4.3
7.6
4.9
5.3
6.4
7.5
6.7
5.4
5.3
3.3
8.3

44.5
45.2
45.8
43.5
45.1
45.9
51.8
43.2
44.0
44.4
44.4
42.8
45.6
44.0
42.8
43.0

43.4
44.8
45.7
41.9
43.8
44.3
51.2
42.0
44.3
45.3
42.7
41.4
43.6
42.4
40.8
40.5

43.7
43.7
43.6
44.5
44.4
45.7
41.1
42.9
43.4
43.7
43.3
43.3
42.3
43.4
43.4
43.1

43.8
44.0
43.9
44.8
44.1
45.4
43.5
42.1
43.9
43.8
43.8
43.3
42.3
44.1
43.1
43.7

43.9
44.2

6.5
6.6
7.0
6.1
6.6
7.3
8.3
5.4
6.0
6.2
7.3
7.2
9.8
6.9
4.9
5.0

5.7
6.1
6.6
4.8
5.7
6.4
8.4
4.7
6.3
7.1
6.3
6.0
10.3
5.6
3.6
3.8

6.0
5.5
5.5
5.5
6.2
7.2
5.6
4.8
6.4
7.0
7.1
7.6
9.5
6.7
5.0
4.7

6.0
5.6
5.6
5.7
6.2
7.2
6.7
4.7
6.5
6.9
7.3
7.7
9.2
7.1
4.8
5.2

42.2
42.5
42.5
41.8
42.9
41.5
40.9
40.9
39.0
41.6
42.3
40.1
43.6
40.8
40.9
44.4
42.7
46.5
43.1
44.9
43.4
41.6
41.5
41.2
41.9
40.4
40.7
42.3
41.8
40.4

40.9
42.4
42.6
40.6
41.7
40.4
39.6
38.7
39.4
41.0
41.8
40.4
41.9
40.4
41.1
42.5
41.9
43.2
40.6
42.2
40.3
40.2
40.4
39.9
41.2
40.0
42.1
41.1
40.8
40.0

41.8
44.0
44.2
41.1
42.8
40.8
41.5
41.2
39.8
41.3
43.5
40.0
42.4
40.6
41.1
42.7
41.1
44.6
43.0
43.1
44.0
41.0
41.1
40.9
41.4
41.3
42.8
41.5
41.5
40.2

41.8
43.9
43.8
41.4
42.8
41.3
42.0
41.5
40.0
41.4
43.0
40.0
42.7
41.1
40.8
42.7
41.0
44.6
42.8
42.3
43.7
41.4
41.3
41.0
41.8
41.3
42.3
41.3
40.8
40.0

42.1

4.8
5.7
5.5
4.1
4.7
4.1
3.4
4.1
2.0
4.4
5.4
2.7
5.6
3.9
3.8
6.3
5.5
7.3
5.7
6.5
5.9
4.6
4.9
4.6
5.4
3.5
3.4
4.4
4.1
3.3

3.8
5.7
5.7
3.1
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.5
2.3
3.6
4.7
2.7
4.1
3.4
3.7
5.0
4.7
5.3
3.9
5.2
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.0
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.0

4.4
6.4
6.4
3.6
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.5
2.6
4.3
5.8
3.2
4.9
3.7
3.9
4.8
4.0
5.8
5.0
5.1
5.4
4.1
4.6
4.7
4.5
3.4
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.4

4.5
6.9
6.8
3.9
4.5
3.9
4.0
3.9
2.4
4.3
5.5
3.2
5.1
3.9
3.7
5.0
4.2
6.0
5.0
5.0
5.3
4.3
4.7
4.7
4.8
3.7
3.4
3.9
3.0
3.4

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

100

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3292
33
331

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471

3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

$13.46
19.56
15.18
15.82
14.74
12.09
18.30
11.61
11.82
12.79
12.31
11.45
13.64
13.83
12.41
15.34

$13.63
20.03
15.60
16.50
14.96
12.13
18.79
11.75
12.03
12.96
12.44
11.55
13.80
13.96
12.38
15.47

$13.65
17.45
15.82
16.66
15.27
12.47
18.98
12.17
11.92
13.01
12.65
11.76
13.79
13.87
12.79
14.29

$13.70
17.77
15.63
16.56
15.02
12.44
19.30
12.22
12.05
13.11
12.74
11.86
13.94
13.92
12.76
14.67

$13.77

$572.05
891.94
634.52
700.83
592.55
506.57
850.95
484.14
485.80
549.97
557.64
488.92
568.79
589.16
511.29
737.85

$584.73
873.31
650.52
749.10
589.42
496.12
868.10
492.33
487.22
578.02
577.22
498.96
612.72
589.11
501.39
685.32

$576.03
738.14
653.37
716.38
615.38
526.23
865.49
513.57
497.06
554.23
573.05
509.21
559.87
593.64
533.34
658.77

$578.14
730.35
656.46
723.67
614.32
522.48
885.87
512.02
506.10
557.18
572.03
517.10
563.18
592.99
535.92
680.69

$594.86

15.52
18.32
19.94
14.21
14.16
15.04
16.46
12.98
16.82
16.65
14.81
15.08
16.34
15.32
12.36
11.70

15.66
18.66
20.33
14.25
14.11
14.97
15.94
12.99
17.27
17.24
14.76
15.11
17.05
14.94
12.28
11.72

15.40
18.49
20.23
14.14
14.04
14.44
14.42
13.63
17.11
16.99
14.16
15.48
16.77
13.74
12.47
11.94

15.50
18.51
20.27
13.83
14.24
14.77
14.42
13.60
17.03
17.01
14.31
15.47
16.98
13.88
12.54
11.95

15.58
18.60

690.64
828.06
913.25
618.14
638.62
690.34
852.63
560.74
740.08
739.26
657.56
645.42
745.10
674.08
529.01
503.10

679.64
835.97
929.08
597.08
618.02
663.17
816.13
545.58
765.06
780.97
630.25
625.55
743.38
633.46
501.02
474.66

672.98
808.01
882.03
629.23
623.38
659.91
592.66
584.73
742.57
742.46
613.13
670.28
709.37
596.32
541.20
514.61

678.90
814.44
889.85
619.58
627.98
670.56
627.27
572.56
747.62
745.04
626.78
669.85
718.25
612.11
540.47
522.22

683.96
822.12

13.01
16.73
17.84
12.34
12.15
12.60
11.88
11.60
11.68
12.38
12.61
10.48
13.69
12.65
11.69
13.23
12.49
14.04
15.28
14.50
17.57
12.57
11.02
10.92
11.17
15.43
16.32
12.36
12.50
10.96

12.89
16.70
17.74
12.22
12.12
12.46
11.88
11.51
11.90
12.32
12.69
10.50
13.47
12.65
11.71
13.18
12.49
13.97
14.92
14.48
16.87
12.55
11.03
10.91
11.22
15.44
16.24
12.33
12.59
10.93

13.31
16.61
17.59
12.33
12.52
12.27
11.85
11.47
12.13
12.74
12.94
10.87
14.06
13.06
12.15
13.67
12.85
14.56
15.55
14.78
17.70
12.95
11.44
11.29
11.67
15.39
16.44
12.72
12.94
11.22

13.36
16.79
17.83
12.39
12.60
12.31
11.88
11.57
12.19
12.80
13.07
10.83
14.09
13.19
12.24
13.75
12.85
14.74
15.59
14.89
17.76
12.99
11.43
11.29
11.66
15.62
16.62
12.77
12.82
11.34

13.40

549.02
711.03
758.20
515.81
521.24
522.90
485.89
474.44
455.52
515.01
533.40
420.25
596.88
516.12
478.12
587.41
533.32
652.86
658.57
651.05
762.54
522.91
457.33
449.90
468.02
623.37
664.22
522.83
522.50
442.78

527.20
708.08
755.72
496.13
505.40
503.38
470.45
445.44
468.86
505.12
530.44
424.20
564.39
511.06
481.28
560.15
523.33
603.50
605.75
611.06
679.86
504.51
445.61
435.31
462.26
617.60
683.70
506.76
513.67
437.20

556.36
730.84
777.48
506.76
535.86
500.62
491.78
472.56
482.77
526.16
562.89
434.80
596.14
530.24
499.37
583.71
528.14
649.38
668.65
637.02
778.80
530.95
470.18
461.76
483.14
635.61
703.63
527.88
537.01
451.04

558.45
737.08
780.95
512.95
539.28
508.40
498.96
480.16
487.60
529.92
562.01
433.20
601.64
542.11
499.39
587.13
526.85
657.40
667.25
629.85
776.11
537.79
472.06
462.89
487.39
645.11
703.03
527.40
523.06
453.60

564.14

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee .
Electronic and other electrical equipment..
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment ...
Household audio and video equipment .
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories .
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ..
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356

3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585

359
3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364

3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674

3679
369
3691

3694

Average weekly hours

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

1999P

43.5
45.6
43.0
46.5
42.5
42.9
44.5
44.3
41.6
49.1
42.9
40.7
43.9
44.5
46.1
43.9
43.4
40.9
42.9
40.9
42.5
42.8
43.2
41.5
43.9
43.4
42.5
44.7
43.5
42.5
43.3

41.9
43.5
40.5
44.5
41.0
41.4
42.7
42.9
40.7
45.0
41.3
40.4
42.1
42.2
42.1
42.3
41.7
39.7
41.7
39.6
40.9
42.0
41.3
40.3
41.6
41.5
41.2
41.4
41.2
41.4
42.1

42.1
44.2
44.2
44.2
41.2
41.4
42.6
43.1
40.8
42.9
41.7
41.7
43.0
42.8
43.7
43.4
42.2
41.3
41.8
39.5
41.3
41.6
41.6
40.3
42.1
42.7
41.8
41.6
40.8
41.2
40.9

42.1
44.6
44.3
44.7
41.8
41.8
42.6
43.5
40.2
43.0
41.4
41.4
42.8
42.8
43.2
43.4
41.4
40.8
41.8
39.5
41.1
41.7
41.5
40.7
41.6
43.5
41.5
41.7
40.7
41.0
40.8

42.2

5.6
6.5
4.6
7.2
4.5
5.0
6.3
6.0
4.4
10.1
5.0
3.6
6.3
6.4
7.7
6.7
5.0
3.2
5.0
3.8
5.1
4.7
5.1
4.6
6.4
5.7
3.7
6.7
5.0
4.5
5.5

4.3
5.0
3.2
5.6
3.5
3.9
4.8
4.6
3.6
7.2
3.5
3.4
5.0
4.6
4.4
5.5
4.1
2.5
4.0
2.5
4.0
4.2
3.8
3.8
5.3
3.7
2.2
4.2
3.5
3.3
3.9

4.6
6.4
5.3
6.7
3.4
3.4
4.7
4.9
3.1
6.5
3.6
3.7
5.5
4.4
6.1
6.2
4.1
3.3
4.3
3.1
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.7
4.2
2.8
4.4
3.8
4.0
4.4

4.8
7.0
5.5
7.4
3.5
3.5
4.9
5.5
2.8
6.5
3.8
3.5
5.5
4.7
5.7
6.2
4.2
3.5
4.5
3.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
3.5
4.4
4.8
2.9
4.8
4.2
3.6
3.9

42.1
43.9
44.7
43.3
41.8
43.3

40.6
42.1
42.5
41.9
40.3
42.0

41.8
41.8
41.9
42.1
40.4
42.2

41.3
41.7
42.1
42.2
40.4
42.4

4.2
4.6
4.9
6.1
5.5
6.2

2.9
3.6
3.8
4.8
4.5
4.9

4.2
4.2
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.8

3.8
4.6
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.2

41.4
40.4
41.5
39.5
41.2
41.0
40.6
40.3
41.2
40.1
39.8
41.2
40.7
41.3
42.8
39.1
41.0
39.5
42.1
43.6
41.5
42.6
42.6
40.8
41.9
41.3
41.9

40.4
39.1
40.5
37.9
39.9
39.6
38.9
38.3
37.3
40.5
38.7
39.8
41.0
39.7
40.8
38.2
40.0
38.5
41.7
43.7
40.7
41.4
42.3
40.2
41.5
38.5
43.2

41.1
40.4
41.8
39.3
41.6
42.3
40.4
40.9
41.4
39.6
40.4
41.2
43.2
39.9
41.4
39.6
39.2
37.9
40.6
42.6
41.3
44.0
42.1
41.0
41.7
41.4
42.4

40.8
40.4
42.1
39.0
41.1
41.5
40.2
40.7
41.3
39.2
41.2
41.1
42.9
39.9
41.2
39.7
39.2
38.4
40.2
42.0
41.1
42.0
41.5
41.0
41.1
40.5
41.8

3.8
3.9
3.6
4.1
3.6
3.5
3.5
2.4
2.9
2.9
1.7
3.9
3.7
4.1
3.2
3.2
4.3
3.0
3.3
3.9
4.1
3.8
5.0
3.7
4.3
3.8
5.1

3.2
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.7
1.6
1.7
2.7
1.2
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.3
2.7
3.8
2.7
2.6
3.3
3.7
3.5
5.0
3.0
4.0
2.9
5.4

3.5
3.6
3.0
4.0
3.4
3.5
3.0
1.9
1.6
2.3
1.4
4.1
5.7
3.7
4.0
3.2
3.9
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.8
2.9
4.6
3.4
4.4
4.1
5.1

3.6
3.9
3.3
4.3
3.3
3.4
3.0
2.1
1.9
3.8
2.2
4.2
5.5
4.0
4.0
3.2
4.4
2.7
2.6
3.3
3.9
2.7
4.3
3.4
3.9
3.4
4.8

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

102

41.1

Mar.

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee .
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

$14.36
16.74
19.82
15.74
13.98
14.88
13.59
13.89
14.47
13.44
13.74
12.72
15.26
14.97
15.61
15.98
13.34
12.50
15.10
13.18
15.97
14.64
14.06
14.77
15.24
14.92
11.65
14.99
13.46
14.87
15.98

$14.32
16.74
19.70
15.80
14.17
15.04
13.57
13.93
14.45
13.32
13.71
12.52
15.16
14.80
15.48
15.84
13.35
12.54
14.94
13.03
16.09
14.56
13.96
14.77
15.26
14.71
11.50
14.83
13.35
15.08
16.50

$14.71
17.81
20.10
17.10
13.15
13.95
13.96
14.12
14.52
14.29
14.25
12.81
15.69
15.43
16.32
16.41
13.71
12.73
15.39
13.37
16.11
15.05
14.08
15.17
14.59
14.28
11.67
15.42
13.94
15.90
17.73

$14.79
18.05
20.13
17.41
13.30
14.18
13.97
14.17
14.43
14.31
14.17
12.73
15.82
15.68
16.26
16.49
13.97
12.63
15.46
13.45
16.11
15.12
14.17
15.08
14.56
14.49
11.73
15.54
13.99
15.82
17.79

$14.80

$624.66
763.34
852.26
731.91
594.15
638.35
604.76
615.33
601.95
659.90
589.45
517.70
669.91
666.17
719.62
701.52
578.96
511.25
647.79
539.06
678.73
626.59
607.39
612.96
669.04
647.53
495.13
670.05
585.51
631.98
691.93

$600.01
728.19
797.85
703.10
580.97
622.66
579.44
597.60
588.12
599.40
566.22
505.81
638.24
624.56
651.71
670.03
556.70
497.84
623.00
515.99
658.08
611.52
576.55
595.23
634.82
610.47
473.80
613.96
550.02
624.31
694.65

$619.29
787.20
888.42
755.82
541.78
577.53
594.70
608.57
592.42
613.04
594.23
534.18
674.67
660.40
713.18
712.19
578.56
525.75
643.30
528.12
665.34
626.08
585.73
611.35
614.24
609.76
487.81
641.47
568.75
655.08
725.16

$622.66
805.03
891.76
778.23
555.94
592.72
595.12
616.40
580.09
615.33
586.64
527.02
677.10
671.10
702.43
715.67
578.36
515.30
646.23
531.28
662.12
630.50
588.06
613.76
605.70
630.32
486.80
648.02
569.39
648.62
725.83

$624.56

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

13.53
12.97
13.34
14.05
14.60
13.91

13.61
13.00
13.39
13.89
14.50
13.74

14.67
13.31
13.65
14.26
14.57
14.14

14.46
13.46
13.84
14.35
14.53
14.24

569.61
569.38
596.30
608.37
610.28
602.30

552.57
547.30
569.08
581.99
584.35
577.08

613.21
556.36
571.94
600.35
588.63
596.71

597.20
561.28
582.66
605.57
587.01
603.78

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367

13.06
12.98
11.91
13.99
12.45
11.55
14.18
12.35
13.45
14.23
10.68
12.74
16.09
12.88
11.48
9.19
11.63
11.19
13.93
14.84
13.12
15.23
17.38
10.70
14.05
14.93
14.80

13.09
13.10
12.16
14.00
12.37
11.42
14.14
12.36
13.28
14.00
10.59
12.67
16.35
12.84
11.45
9.17
11.80
11.33
13.82
14.75
13.22
15.09
17.48
10.70
14.02
15.12
14.68

13.26
13.15
12.00
14.20
12.72
11.59
14.56
12.68
14.70
13.53
11.02
12.80
17.63
13.17
11.99
9.39
12.03
11.82
14.12
14.81
13.53
14.88
18.26
11.01
13.54
15.17
13.29

13.30
13.16
12.05
14.19
12.80
11.69
14.77
12.70
14.88
14.01
11.10
12.89
17.49
13.26
12.15
9.47
12.25
11.87
14.06
14.72
13.50
14.57
17.96
11.04
13.75
15.16
13.72

540.68
524.39
494.27
552.61
512.94
473.55
575.71
497.71
554.14
570.62
425.06
524.89
654.86
531.94
491.34
359.33
476.83
442.01
586.45
647.02
544.48
648.80
740.39
436.56
588.70
616.61
620.12

528.84
512.21
492.48
530.60
493.56
452.23
550.05
473.39
495.34
567.00
409.83
504.27
670.35
509.75
467.16
350.29
472.00
436.21
576.29
644.58
538.05
624.73
739.40
430.14
581.83
582.12
634.18

544.99
531.26
501.60
558.06
529.15
490.26
588.22
518.61
608.58
535.79
445.21
527.36
761.62
525.48
496.39
371.84
471.58
447.98
573.27
630.91
558.79
654.72
768.75
451.41
564.62
628.04
563.50

542.64
531.66
507.31
553.41
526.08
485.14
593.75
516.89
614.54
549.19
457.32
529.78
750.32
529.07
500.58
375.96
480.20
455.81
565.21
618.24
554.85
611.94
745.34
452.64
565.13
613.98
573.50

35
351

3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354

3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

3671
3674

3679
369
3691
3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

103

13.38

549.92

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372

3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies ....
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts .

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393

3841
3842
385
386
387

394

3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods .
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing .
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201

2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

43.7
43.9
43.1
44.5
44.7
41.4
44.4
44.1
44.4
44.7
42.3
43.9
40.0
43.8
42.6
42.8
40.9
38.4

41.4
41.2
39.6
44.0
42.0
41.1
42.8
42.7
42.9
42.9
40.4
40.6
40.0
42.3
40.6
41.0
39.8
37.7

43.9
45.0
45.3
43.7
45.5
40.9
43.1
42.6
44.1
43.1
40.8
41.6
39.8
41.7
41.8
41.3
40.9
39.2

44.0
45.1
45.1
43.9
45.6
42.0
43.6
43.7
44.1
43.1
40.8
41.6
39.8
41.3
42.0
41.1
41.1
39.7

44.4
45.9

6.0
6.4
6.2
6.8
6.7
4.5
6.4
6.1
6.1
7.0
4.6
5.5
3.4
4.6
4.5
4.4
3.8
2.2

4.9
5.2
4.4
6.4
5.8
4.2
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.6
3.3
3.5
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.3
2.1

5.2
5.8
6.0
4.4
6.1
2.5
4.7
4.3
5.7
4.5
4.2
4.9
3.3
4.0
3.7
3.3
3.5
2.1

5.3
5.9
6.0
4.8
6.3
3.5
4.6
4.0
5.8
4.6
4.3
5.2
3.2
3.6
3.9
3.3
3.5
2.3

41.7
43.1
41.7
41.0
42.0
41.9
41.2
41.4
40.2
42.1
42.5
39.8

40.6
42.3
40.5
37.6
40.7
41.4
39.9
39.8
39.3
41.3
42.7
37.0

41.5
41.6
41.4
43.2
40.5
40.5
41.7
42.2
41.5
40.4
42.2
39.8

41.4
41.4
41.4
42.6
40.3
40.9
41.3
41.5
41.2
41.3
42.2
40.3

41.4

3.8
3.8
3.7
4.3
4.1
2.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.0
6.0
2.6

2.9
3.3
2.5
2.5
2.6
1.8
2.9
2.6
3.2
3.0
4.2
1.6

3.1
3.2
2.9
3.4
2.8
2.3
3.5
3.8
3.6
1.8
3.3
1.5

3.2
3.2
3.1
4.2
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.8
3.6
2.2
3.4
1.7

40.5
39.9
39.1
40.3
41.2
39.4
42.0
38.8
39.3
38.6
40.7
42.0

39.4
39.1
38.2
39.6
39.8
37.9
40.6
38.1
38.3
37.6
39.7
41.1

39.5
37.8
37.0
40.0
40.2
36.8
41.7
38.7
36.9
35.7
40.1
40.1

39.9
38.2
37.4
39.8
41.5
37.7
43.1
39.0
38.0
37.2
40.0
40.4

39.8

3.3
2.7
2.8
2.4
3.2
2.0
3.8
3.2
2.5
1.7
3.7
4.4

2.6
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.5
1.6
2.9
2.7
1.7
1.0
2.9
3.8

2.7
1.8
1.8
2.4
2.9
1.4
3.6
2.5
1.1
0.5
3.1
3.5

3.1
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.7
1.7
4.5
2.7
1.9
1.4
3.2
3.5

40.7

40.0

40.5

40.6

40.7

4.2

3.8

4.0

4.2

40.9
40.0
41.5
41.6
38.5
41.5
40.9
41.0
40.7
42.3
39.9
41.3
45.2
45.2
43.6

40.4
39.7
41.4
40.8
38.4
41.4
40.6
40.8
39.5
40.7
39.0
40.3
44.7
44.5
43.6

41.2
40.7
42.8
41.6
39.1
42.5
42.3
42.3
40.5
41.5
39.5
40.6
44.0
44.4
42.3

41.1
40.9
43.6
42.5
38.8
42.4
42.6
41.9
40.3
41.1
38.7
40.9
43.3
44.0
42.1

41.1

4.6
4.2
4.7
5.9
3.4
4.8
4.3
4.5
4.3
6.0
3.7
4.5
6.5
6.3
5.6

4.2
3.9
3.9
5.6
3.2
4.7
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.0
3.8
6.0
4.9
5.6

5.0
4.8
6.1
5.9
3.7
5.1
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.9
3.7
4.5
6.9
6.6
6.3

4.9
4.9
6.5
6.0
3.5
5.1
4.7
4.8
4.4
4.9
3.3
4.6
6.5
6.2
6.5

Mar.

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

104

Apr.
1999P

4.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371

3711
3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

$17.92
18.52
22.59
16.32
16.97
11.46
19.04
(2)
18.79
16.80
13.22
14.54
11.15
17.43
19.97
(2)
12.01
12.13

$17.71
18.35
22.22
15.96
17.04
11.22
18.76
(2)
18.58
16.61
13.10
14.43
11.22
16.95
19.61

$17.63
18.03
21.64
14.92
16.84
11.48
18.98
(2)
19.33
16.67
13.65
15.06
11.72
16.09
20.42
(2)

$17.82
18.24

$783.10
813.03
973.63
726.24
758.56
474.44
845.38

$733.19
756.02
879.91
702.24
715.68
461.14
802.93

$770.01
800.10
969.42
641.52
755.76
464.62
832.26

$775.72
813.15
975.96
654.99
767.90
482.16
827.53

$791.21
837.22

834.28
750.96
559.21
638.31
446.00
763.43
850.72

797.08
712.57
529.24
585.86
448.80
716.99
796.17

850.69
722.79
553.25
620.26
464.86
675.54
851.47

852.45
718.48
556.92
626.50
466.46
664.52
857.64

(2)
11.89
12.05

$17.54
17.78
21.40
14.68
16.61
11.36
19.31
(2)
19.29
16.77
13.56
14.91
11.68
16.20
20.37
(2)
12.37
12.55

491.21
465.79

473.22
454.29

505.93
491.96

503.89
489.50

13.73
17.22
13.74
11.96
13.74
15.72
12.86
12.10
11.99
10.24
16.00
10.42

13.75
17.18
13.76
11.91
13.68
15.75
12.85
12.05
11.97
10.36
16.07
10.46

13.90
17.46
14.09
11.84
14.33
16.25
12.79
12.00
12.21
10.46
16.85
10.61

13.95
17.49
14.18
12.02
14.46
16.18
12.85
12.16
12.19
10.55
16.84
10.66

13.94

572.54
742.18
572.96
490.36
577.08
658.67
529.83
500.94
482.00
431.10
680.00
414.72

558.25
726.71
557.28
447.82
556.78
652.05
512.72
479.59
470.42
427.87
686.19
387.02

576.85
726.34
583.33
511.49
580.37
658.13
533.34
506.40
506.72
422.58
711.07
422.28

577.53
724.09
587.05
512.05
582.74
661.76
530.71
504.64
502.23
435.72
710.65
429.60

577.12

10.79

10.76
11.28

437.00
445.28
440.27
434.43
422.71
386.51
438.48
437.28
389.07
347.01
450.14
493.50

423.94
441.05
435.48
437.58
411.13
376.73
425.89
425.96
371.13
332.76
433.92
474.29

440.82
439.24
425.50
460.00
424.91
379.41
444.94
441.57
372.32
322.01
457.14
491.23

446.08
450.76
438.70
468.84
441.56
390.57
462.89
445.38
380.76
336.29
454.80
493.28

445.36

9.90
8.99
11.06
11.75

11.18
11.80
11.73
11.78
10.64
10.36
10.74
11.42
10.02
9.04
11.37
12.21

11.19

11.05
10.33
9.94
10.49
11.18
9.69
8.85
10.93
11.54

11.16
11.62
11.50
11.50
10.57
10.31
10.67
11.41
10.09
9.02
11.40
12.25

12.63

12.71

12.96

13.02

13.10

514.04

508.40

524.88

528.61

533.17

11.70
9.52
10.13
11.00
8.56
13.34
12.14
13.95
11.34
14.44
12.49
10.57
14.75
12.70
11.59

11.75
9.51
10.07
11.15
8.55
13.40
12.29
14.00
11.33
14.29
12.39
10.58
14.81
12.77
11.65

11.91
9.78
10.54
11.15
8.77
13.87
12.76
14.49
11.52
14.65
12.94
10.65
14.90
13.21
12.15

11.94
9.77
10.50
11.06
8.80
13.90
12.74
14.57
11.64
14.92
12.99
10.83
14.86
13.28
12.31

12.06

478.53
380.80
420.40
457.60
329.56
553.61
496.53
571.95
461.54
610.81
498.35
436.54
666.70
574.04
505.32

474.70
377.55
416.90
454.92
328.32
554.76
498.97
571.20
447.54
581.60
483.21
426.37
662.01
568.27
507.94

490.69
398.05
451.11
463.84
342.91
589.48
539.75
612.93
466.56
607.98
511.13
432.39
655.60
586.52
513.95

490.73
399.59
457.80
470.05
341.44
589.36
542.72
610.48
469.09
613.21
502.71
442.95
643.44
584.32
518.25

495.67

11.16
11.26

10.78
10.26
9.81
10.44
11.27

11.40

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

105

12.26
12.33

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolis by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

205
2051

40.6
40.5

40.2
40.3

39.6
40.4

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

41.0
40.9
54.8
45.3
42.0
39.6
42.9
42.8
46.2
42.5
39.7

40.1
39.2
51.0
45.7
40.5
38.7
42.5
42.9
48.7
42.5
38.8

Tobacco products .
Cigarettes

21
211

37.0
35.3

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics .
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks ....
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yam and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts ..
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses ...
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments ....
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments ...
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products .
Paper mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Paperboard mills

Mar.

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

1999P

39.6
40.6

4.6
4.5

4.6
4.9

4.0
4.6

4.2
4.8

38.3
40.8
55.4
48.1
41.3
39.0
41.2
42.9
45.8
42.9
41.4

37.9
41.2
56.1
49.3
41.1
39.6
41.1
43.7
45.2
44.9
40.2

4.8
3.8
12.6
8.9
3.5
3.0
6.0
5.2
7.4
5.1
4.5

3.9
2.7
7.3
7.3
4.2
2.2
6.3
5.5
9.0
5.4
3.6

2.8
4.3
13.8
6.6
4.5
3.5
5.7
4.7
7.0
5.1
6.2

3.3
4.2
13.8
7.8
3.6
3.3
5.7
5.2
6.7
6.3
5.1

37.0
35.9

37.1
37.1

38.1
38.7

37.4

2.4
1.9

1.8
1.4

2.6
2.9

2.7
3.6

41.2
42.5
40.8
40.0
40.6
39.8
37.5
38.0
40.4
38.2
41.0
41.9
41.9
41.8
42.8
41.3
42.4
36.6
42.3

40.1
41.1
39.7
38.5
39.9
38.4
37.2
36.3
39.3
34.6
39.9
40.7
40.0
41.3
41.6
41.1
42.4
36.6
41.4

40.2
40.8
40.6
32.9
40.7
39.3
38.6
37.4
39.1
43.4
39.6
41.2
42.3
41.8
40.9
40.0
40.5
38.5
41.3

40.4
40.7
40.3
36.4
41.0
39.0
39.7
37.5
38.3
41.5
39.0
42.0
42.6
42.9
41.7
40.4
40.9
38.4
41.4

40.8

4.4
5.5
4.6
4.5
3.2
3.4
1.5
2.9
3.2
1.7
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.6
5.4
4.3
4.7
2.8
4.6

4.0
4.6
4.0
3.3
2.6
3.0
1.4
2.7
3.2
0.5
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.0
5.2
4.1
4.7
2.2
4.3

3.9
4.4
4.1
2.1
2.8
3.3
2.8
2.6
3.2
2.1
4.8
4.6
5.2
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.1
2.9
4.0

4.1
4.8
4.2
3.0
2.8
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.0
1.7
4.0
4.9
4.8
5.5
4.6
4.2
4.5
3.4
4.1

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.2
37.3
36.3
36.3
34.9
37.4
36.5
34.8
38.3
36.3
36.3
36.5
36.5
36.5
33.8
33.5
37.0
39.2
35.6
40.0
39.6

36.5
36.8
36.0
35.4
34.6
36.6
35.5
34.8
37.3
36.2
35.1
35.0
34.6
36.3
35.1
34.0
36.3
38.3
36.2
39.1
38.3

37.3
37.7
35.9
34.7
35.8
36.3
37.0
35.5
38.2
36.5
36.9
36.5
35.9
38.0
36.6
38.8
37.1
38.8
36.4
39.2
40.0

37.4
37.0
36.0
35.2
36.0
35.8
37.0
34.4
38.4
36.9
37.0
36.1
35.9
36.5
35.7
37.1
36.6
39.4
37.4
39.3
41.3

37.5

2.1
0.8
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.8
1.6
2.4
1.4
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.7
2.6
3.4
1.8
3.4
1.1
3.9
3.7

1.7
0.6
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.5
1.2
1.4
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.4
2.4
3.1
1.5
2.8
1.1
2.3
3.1

2.0
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.6
2.7
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.0
2.4
2.4
4.1
1.6
3.1
1.6
3.6
3.0

2.3
0.8
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.9
2.0
3.1
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.1
2.8
2.9
4.8
1.7
3.8
2.3
3.8
4.3

26
262
263

43.1
45.5
45.5

42.5
45.5
44.6

42.9
45.0
43.8

43.4
45.3
44.4

43.5

5.2
6.7
7.1

4.9
6.9
7.6

5.0
6.4
6.5

5.4
6.8
7.2

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

Apr.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$12.60
12.72

$12.80
12.85

$12.79
12.90

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.39
12.99
12.14
18.29
14.13
12.07
12.66
16.05
22.20
13.42
10.51

12.69
13.08
12.08
17.94
14.60
12.13
12.86
16.32
22.80
13.51
10.48

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

18.54
24.24

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yam spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$12.97
12.95

$511.56
515.16

$514.56
517.86

$506.48
521.16

$513.61
525.77

12.57
13.43
11.94
17.65
14.28
12.72
13.08
16.07
23.02
13.37
10.76

13.00
13.40
11.93
17.82
15.08
12.61
13.08
16.06
23.53
13.33
10.78

507.99
531.29
665.27
828.54
593.46
477.97
543.11
686.94
1,025.64
570.35
417.25

508.87
512.74
616.08
819.86
591.30
469.43
546.55
700.13
1,110.36
574.18
406.62

481.43
547.94
661.48
848.97
589.76
496.08
538.90
689.40
1,054.32
573.57
445.46

492.70
552.08
669.27
878.53
619.79
499.36
537.59
701.82
1,063.56
598.52
433.36

18.94
24.17

17.94
24.18

19.27
24.48

$20.36

685.98
855.67

700.78
867.70

665.57
897.08

734.19
947.38

$761.46

10.29
10.80
11.24
10.78
9.47
9.38
8.61
9.41
8.74
9.59
10.25
10.55
10.39
11.05
10.25
9.92
9.96
9.94
11.78

10.39
10.83
11.15
10.73
9.50
9.51
8.68
9.41
9.02
9.95
10.23
10.63
10.55
11.03
10.63
9.94
9.92
10.09
11.95

10.60
10.95
11.40
11.26
9.71
9.83
8.80
9.64
9.40
9.98
10.61
10.64
10.21
11.36
10.65
10.32
10.33
10.32
11.94

10.61
10.91
11.44
11.17
9.71
9.82
8.79
9.69
9.37
9.75
10.59
10.71
10.26
11.49
10.68
10.34
10.42
10.12
11.96

10.65

423.95
459.00
458.59
431.20
384.48
373.32
322.88
357.58
353.10
366.34
420.25
442.05
435.34
461.89
438.70
409.70
422.30
363.80
498.29

416.64
445.11
442.66
413.11
379.05
365.18
322.90
341.58
354.49
344.27
408.18
432.64
422.00
455.54
442.21
408.53
420.61
369.29
494.73

426.12
446.76
462.84
370.45
395.20
386.32
339.68
360.54
367.54
433.13
420.16
438.37
431.88
474.85
435.59
412.80
418.37
397.32
493.12

428.64
444.04
461.03
406.59
398.11
382.98
348.96
363.38
358.87
404.63
413.01
449.82
437.08
492.92
445.36
417.74
426.18
388.61
495.14

434.52

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.43
8.59
7.93
7.79
8.12
7.76
8.06
7.26
9.19
8.03
7.88
8.09
7.87
8.75
7.88
7.49
8.14
9.30
8.21
8.96
11.01

8.47
8.64
8.07
7.90
8.34
7.79
8.10
7.22
9.28
7.94
7.94
8.12
7.93
8.66
8.00
7.66
8.21
9.28
8.21
8.86
10.77

8.65
8.83
8.15
7.97
8.52
7.92
8.34
8.03
9.53
8.37
8.08
8.25
8.11
8.60
8.21
8.07
8.15
9.42
8.26
9.32
10.59

8.78
8.83
8.21
8.06
8.52
8.07
8.34
8.03
9.56
8.44
8.05
8.33
8.21
8.62
8.21
8.13
8.14
9.74
8.29
9.28
11.60

8.85

313.60
320.41
287.86
282.78
283.39
290.22
294.19
252.65
351.98
291.49
286.04
295.29
287.26
319.38
266.34
250.92
301.18
364.56
292.28
358.40
436.00

309.16
317.95
290.52
279.66
288.56
285.11
287.55
251.26
346.14
287.43
278.69
284.20
274.38
314.36
280.80
260.44
298.02
355.42
297.20
346.43
412.49

322.65
332.89
292.59
276.56
305.02
287.50
308.58
285.07
364.05
305.51
298.15
301.13
291.15
326.80
300.49
313.12
302.37
365.50
300.66
365.34
423.60

328.37
326.71
295.56
283.71
306.72
288.91
308.58
276.23
367.10
311.44
297.85
300.71
294.74
314.63
293.10
301.62
297.92
383.76
310.05
364.70
479.08

331.88

26
262
263

15.27
19.45
19.18

15.44
19.62
19.56

15.68
19.95
19.88

15.77
20.06
20.09

15.83

658.14
884.98
872.69

656.20
892.71
872.38

672.67
897.75
870.74

684.42
908.72
892.00

688.61

205
2051

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

107

Apr.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

42.0
42.4
41.9
41.7
42.0
43.1
41.7
40.8

40.9
41.1
41.8
39.7
41.4
42.7
41.6
40.7

42.5
42.7
41.4
42.7
41.8
42.6
42.0
40.7

43.3
44.1
41.5
42.4
41.9
42.1
41.6
41.2

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.4
33.0
36.2
39.2
36.7
41.9
36.1
40.4
40.4
40.3
41.7
38.9
40.5

37.8
32.9
35.6
38.9
37.3
40.8
36.4
39.4
39.5
39.3
40.3
38.8
39.7

37.7
32.7
35.5
39.2
37.3
41.0
35.7
39.4
39.4
39.4
42.4
37.5
39.7

37.9
32.6
35.4
39.7
37.0
42.3
35.4
39.6
39.3
40.0
41.9
38.5
40.4

38.0
_

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

43.4
46.1
46.2
44.0
44.7
43.9
42.0
42.3
42.0
43.7
41.0
41.7
43.5
44.1
43.2
44.3
45.9
43.0

42.9
46.0
45.4
44.2
44.3
45.5
41.0
40.7
40.5
41.9
40.3
40.0
42.3
44.2
41.9
44.7
45.6
42.1

42.7
42.0
42.6
42.4
43.9
40.5
42.1
42.4
41.4
43.8
41.4
40.1
42.4
45.0
46.4
44.7
45.7
43.1

42.9
42.5
43.0
42.7
44.2
41.1
42.6
43.0
41.6
44.3
41.3
40.3
42.0
44.7
45.2
44.6
45.2
42.9

42.6
_
_
—
_
_
_
-

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.2
43.3
43.0

42.8
42.7
43.7

43.4
43.2
44.2

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee ...

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.5
43.0
41.9
41.6
43.5
42.5
41.2

41.0
43.0
38.7
40.8
41.9
40.8
40.8

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

37.7
42.3
36.1
35.7
37.1
36.9
37.6

Cnria
UUUc

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated .
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities .

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

4.6
4.8
4.3
5.0
4.3
4.3
4.4
3.7

4.1
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.9
3.9
4.3
3.1

4.7
4.9
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.3
4.9
3.8

5.2
5.6
4.6
4.9
4.2
3.7
4.6
4.0

3.3
1.2
1.8
3.6
2.8
4.6
2.4
4.2
4.3
4.0
3.7
2.8
4.7

2.9
1.3
1.8
3.2
2.8
3.6
2.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
2.3
2.4
4.2

2.7
1.3
2.2
2.8
1.9
3.7
2.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
4.4
2.0
3.6

2.9
1.4
2.3
3.1
1.6
4.5
2.5
3.6
3.5
3.8
4.0
2.6
4.4

_
-

4.9
6.5
6.7
5.8
5.5
5.9
3.9
3.6
2.9
4.2
3.2
2.2
3.9
6.3
4.7
6.6
7.1
4.1

4.7
5.0
5.4
4.7
4.9
3.9
4.5
4.1
3.4
4.8
3.8
2.5
3.9
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.9
4.6

4.9
4.8
5.2
4.7
5.0
3.9
4.9
4.8
3.7
5.5
3.6
2.8
4.2
6.1
5.6
6.1
6.7
4.6

_
_

-

5.3
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.2
5.2
3.8
4.9
3.7
3.3
4.9
6.2
5.1
6.4
7.5
4.7

44.2
44.5
43.8

43.4
-

6.4
6.3
7.1

6.2
5.9
7.4

6.0
5.7
7.5

6.8
7.0
6.9

_

41.4
42.8
39.5
42.7
43.8
41.7
41.2

41.7
43.1
41.5
42.6
43.1
41.9
41.5

41.8

4.4
6.0
3.4
4.5
5.4
4.6
4.2

4.0
6.2
4.2
3.8
4.6
3.4
3.9

4.1
5.5
4.0
4.3
5.1
3.9
4.0

4.3
5.6
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.3

36.5
40.2
35.2
35.0
35.8
35.6
37.4

37.2
42.5
36.2
35.7
37.4
34.8
35.9

37.4
42.9
36.0
35.6
36.9
35.7
36.0

37.4
-

2.3
5.1
1.8
1.8
2.1
1.4
1.8

1.7
3.9
1.3
1.1
1.7
1.1
0.9

1.8
4.1
1.3
1.1
1.6
1.1
1.7

2.0
4.7
1.2
0.9
1.8
1.9
1.6

_
_
_

32.9

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

-

-

-

-

-

39.4

39.1

39.0

38.9

38.7

-

-

-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




Apr.
1999P

108

_
_
_
-

—
_
-

_
-

_
_
-

Apr.
1999P

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Mar.

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$544.74
547.81
552.24
570.87
554.82
657.71
501.65
497.76

$533.34
534.71
559.28
544.29
550.62
655.87
506.69
494.10

$561.85
562.79
558.49
595.67
575.17
678.62
525.84
519.74

$576.32
583.88
569.38
595.30
577.38
677.39
520.83
523.65

$13.72

513.02
430.65
528.16
488.82
436.00
547.21
464.97
550.65
561.56
518.66
584.63
409.62
685.67

503.50
432.31
519.05
483.14
440.14
532.85
475.02
535.05
544.31
507.36
562.59
403.13
668.95

514.61
438.51
534.63
506.46
459.54
551.04
458.03
549.24
561.45
515.75
598.26
401.63
672.52

519.61
435.86
537.73
520.86
465.09
574.43
460.20
554.00
561.20
527.60
598.33
412.72
689.63

$521.36

17.20
18.89
19.48
18.17
20.24
15.20
16.81
16.70
14.63
18.60
13.77
12.66
14.66
20.41
20.29
20.58
17.19
15.61

17.37

736.50
892.96
915.68
778.36
881.93
660.26
706.44
708.53
575.82
776.55
542.43
503.32
629.88
895.67
870.48
906.82
763.78
655.75

735.74
908.50
921.17
794.72
886.00
692.51
693.72
684.57
556.88
732.41
540.83
486.40
601.93
907.43
856.02
924.84
764.71
642.03

734.87
798.42
842.63
774.65
895.12
620.06
705.60
703.42
596.99
796.72
567.59
504.46
617.77
923.85
936.82
926.63
788.33
673.65

737.88
802.83
837.64
775.86
894.61
624.72
716.11
718.10
608.61
823.98
568.70
510.20
615.72
912.33
917.11
917.87
776.99
669.67

739.96

914.11
1,028.81

929.63
963.12
1,039.82 1,098.71
674.93
670.58

951.33

645.00

898.37
1,012.42
659.43

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

1999P

$12.97
12.92
13.18
13.69
13.21
15.26
12.03
12.20

$13.04
13.01
13.38
13.71
13.30
15.36
12.18
12.14

$13.22
13.18
13.49
13.95
13.76
15.93
12.52
12.77

$13.31
13.24
13.72
14.04
13.78
16.09
12.52
12.71

13.36
13.05
14.59
12.47
11.88
13.06
12.88
13.63
13.90
12.87
14.02
10.53
16.93

13.32
13.14
14.58
12.42
11.80
13.06
13.05
13.58
13.78
12.91
13.96
10.39
16.85

13.65
13.41
15.06
12.92
12.32
13.44
12.83
13.94
14.25
13.09
14.11
10.71
16.94

13.71
13.37
15.19
13.12
12.57
13.58
13.00
13.99
14.28
13.19
14.28
10.72
17.07

17.15
19.75
20.29
17.98
20.00
15.22
16.92
16.82
13.75
17.48
13.42
12.16
14.23
20.53
20.43
20.69
16.77
15.25

17.21
19.01
19.78
18.27
20.39
15.31
16.76
16.59
14.42
18.19
13.71
12.58
14.57
20.53
20.19
20.73
17.25
15.63

Apr.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283

2869
287
289

16.97
19.37
19.82
17.69
19.73
15.04
16.82
16.75
13.71
17.77
13.23
12.07
14.48
20.31
20.15
20.47
16.64
15.25

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

21.16
23.76
15.00

20.99
23.71
15.09

21.42
24.07
15.27

21.79
24.69
15.31

21.92

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

11.78
18.86
9.95
11.74
11.89
11.46
11.11

11.84
19.11
10.00
11.78
11.88
11.44
11.14

12.16
19.08
10.10
12.14
12.25
11.77
11.52

12.20
19.19
10.20
12.22
12.22
11.87
11.54

12.24

488.87
810.98
416.91
488.38
517.22
487.05
457.73

485.44
821.73
387.00
480.62
497.77
466.75
454.51

503.42
816.62
398.95
518.38
536.55
490.81
474.62

508.74
827.09
423.30
520.57
526.68
497.35
478.91

511.63

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311

9.32
11.85
8.89
9.60
7.71
9.22
8.19

9.28
11.96
8.81
9.47
7.68
8.99
8.23

9.57
12.29
9.15
9.89
7.81
8.80
8.27

9.54
12.12
9.15
9.91
7.78
8.86
8.37

9.57

351.36
501.26
320.93
342.72
286.04
340.22
307.94

338.72
480.79
310.11
331.45
274.94
320.04
307.80

356.00
522.33
331.23
353.07
292.09
306.24
296.89

356.80
519.95
329.40
352.80
287.08
316.30
301.32

357.92

12.19

12.20

12.66

12.65

12.65

401.05

397.72

413.98

412.39

413.66

15.24

15.27

15.59

15.54

15.63

600.46

597.06

608.01

604.51

604.88

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

2731
2732
274
275
2752

2759
276
278
279

2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

314
3143
3144
316
317

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

4011

49.2

48.4

46.1

45.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation ..

41
413

34.6
38.4
37.9

33.4
38.5
38.4

33.9
39.0
38.7

33.9
38.7
38.1

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air.
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.3
39.3
39.6

39.2
39.2
39.2

39.1
39.0
39.7

39.3
39.2
40.0

Water transportation:
Water transportation services .

449

38.0

38.3

37.4

36.6

Pipelines, except natural gas....

46

43.6

44.1

44.3

43.3

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement .
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

38.0
38.1
38.3
37.8

37.5
37.6
37.8
37.1

38.9
39.5
39.8
38.1

39.0
39.6
39.9
38.0

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio .
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.7
42.3
42.7
35.9
40.0

40.3
41.9
42.2
35.5
39.8

40.8
42.0
42.6
35.3
41.7

40.5
41.8
42.3
35.1
41.4

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

41.9
41.4
41.8
42.8
42.3

41.6
41.4
41.2
41.8
42.2

42.6
41.7
42.9
44.3
43.6

42.5
41.8
43.0
43.9
43.3

38.4

38.1

38.3

38.3

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

411

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

39.2
37.5
37.9
39.1
40.3
40.0
41.1
39.4
39.2
39.6
37.3

38.7
37.1
37.4
39.6
39.3
39.1
40.6
38.9
39.0
39.3
37.0

39.0
37.7
37.4
39.6
39.9
39.8
41.1
39.2
39.1
39.4
37.0

38.9
37.3
37.2
39.6
39.8
39.7
41.0
39.3
39.1
39.2
36.9

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51

37.3
36.9
36.7
37.3
38.1
32.7
40.0
37.4
37.7
36.1

37.2
36.5
36.2
36.7
38.1
33.8
39.3
37.2
37.7
36.5

37.3
37.0
37.5
36.5
38.0
33.0
40.2
37.9
37.2
36.4

37.3
36.6
36.9
36.7
38.3
33.2
40.3
37.5
37.2
36.5

28.7

28.7

28.6

28.6

34.7
36.2
35.4
30.5
30.7

34.8
36.3
35.7
30.6
31.6

34.4
36.0
34.7
29.9
31.1

34.4
36.0
35.0
29.6
31.1

511
512
513
514

515
516
517
518

519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1999P

38.4

28.8

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

4011

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$18.10

$18.25

$17.97

Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$17.99

$890.52

$883.30

$828.42

$809.55

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

10.97
11.59
13.08

11.08
11.61
13.15

11.53
12.16
12.84

11.46
12.06
12.82

379.56
445.06
495.73

370.07
446.99
504.96

390.87
474.24
496.91

388.49
466.72
488.44

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.56
13.80
11.08

13.60
13.83
11.13

13.75
13.98
11.45

13.78
14.00
11.55

532.91
542.34
438.77

533.12
542.14
436.30

537.63
545.22
454.57

541.55
548.80
462.00

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

20.56

20.46

20.79

20.15

781.28

783.62

777.55

737.49

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

20.67

20.34

21.53

20.95

901.21

896.99

953.78

907.14

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

13.68
14.11
14.50
13.57

13.61
14.12
14.56
13.33

14.12
14.49
14.90
14.08

14.14
14.45
14.88
14.21

519.84
537.59
555.35
512.95

510.38
530.91
550.37
494.54

549.27
572.36
593.02
536.45

551.46
572.22
593.71
539.98

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

17.16
17.78
18.30
17.35
13.79

16.99
17.43
17.91
17.68
13.77

17.46
17.95
18.46
17.78
14.51

17.28
17.70
18.16
17.91
14.39

698.41
752.09
781.41
622.87
551.60

684.70
730.32
755.80
627.64
548.05

712.37
753.90
786.40
627.63
605.07

699.84
739.86
768.17
628.64
595.75

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49

19.74
20.64
18.60
24.03
15.53

19.85
20.98
18.65
23.88
15.50

20.33
21.64
18.75
23.89
16.28

20.39
21.46
18.62
24.75
16.30

827.11
854.50
777.48
1,028.48
656.92

13.86

13.90

14.33

14.23

491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade

$14.18

825.76
866.06
866.58
868.57
902.39
897.03
768.38
804.38
800.66
998.18 1,058.33 1,086.53
654.10
709.81
705.79

532.22

529.59

548.84

545.01

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

14.45
12.86
12.84
12.97
17.00
16.94
13.89
15.67
13.63
14.39
11.34

14.52
12.94
12.91
13.02
17.15
17.09
13.94
15.75
13.55
14.52
11.37

14.97
13.12
13.13
13.47
17.70
17.50
14.16
15.85
14.09
15.13
11.56

14.89
13.06
13.08
13.40
17.60
17.43
14.15
15.72
13.95
15.03
11.61

566.44
482.25
486.64
507.13
685.10
677.60
570.88
617.40
534.30
569.84
422.98

561.92
480.07
482.83
515.59
674.00
668.22
565.96
612.68
528.45
570.64
420.69

583.83
494.62
491.06
533.41
706.23
696.50
581.98
621.32
550.92
596.12
427.72

579.22
487.14
486.58
530.64
700.48
691.97
580.15
617.80
545.45
589.18
428.41

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512

12.98
13.28
16.72
12.92
13.17
9.94
14.79
11.85
15.07
10.76

13.00
13.45
16.89
12.89
13.22
9.92
14.76
11.90
15.32
10.69

13.35
13.68
17.47
13.26
13.40
10.34
15.52
12.11
15.27
11.12

13.25
13.48
17.36
13.13
13.31
10.36
15.63
12.15
15.18
10.99

484.15
490.03
613.62
481.92
501.78
325.04
591.60
443.19
568.14
388.44

483.60
490.93
611.42
473.06
503.68
335.30
580.07
442.68
577.56
390.19

497.96
506.16
655.13
483.99
509.20
341.22
623.90
458.97
568.04
404.77

494.23
493.37
640.58
481.87
509.77
343.95
629.89
455.63
564.70
401.14

8.67

8.70

9.00

8.98

248.83

249.69

257.40

256.83

10.11

10.54
10.43

10.62
11.05
10.77

10.61
11.04

10.69

8.58

8.71

8.76

8.95

9.78

9.66

350.12
379.74
371.70
258.64
279.37

351.83
382.60
372.35
262.55
282.82

365.33
397.80
373.72
260.43
304.16

364.98
397.44
374.15
259.30
300.43

513
514
515
516
517

518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

,

52
521
523
525
526

10.09
10.49
10.50
8.48
9.10

See footnotes at end of table.




111

8.96

Apr.
1999P

$544.51

258.05

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

53
531
533
539

29.5
29.6
27.2
29.9

29.2
29.3
27.2
30.1

29.0
29.0
27.0
29.4

29.7
29.8
27.0
29.6

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

29.4
29.5
28.6

29.5
29.6
28.8

29.3
29.4
28.3

29.2
29.3
28.2

Automotive dealers and service stations ,
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.4
36.9
37.7
31.6
34.6

35.4
36.9
37.9
31.6
35.3

35.1
36.6
37.3
31.5
34.7

35.1
36.5
37.6
31.6
33.9

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.4
27.9
24.4
27.2
26.1

26.4
28.1
24.5
27.2
25.8

25.7
28.3
22.7
26.7
25.7

25.9
28.1
23.2
27.0
26.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ...
Radio, television, and electronic stores .
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.9
32.7
33.9
33.1
33.2
25.1

32.6
32.4
33.9
32.5
32.3
25.7

32.6
32.5
33.1
32.5
32.2
25.2

32.6
32.6
33.1
32.6
32.2
26.0

Eating and drinking places4 .

58

25.2

25.2

25.2

25.1

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.0
28.3
30.0
27.3
31.8
37.7
29.8
33.7
30.3

29.2
28.6
30.1
27.4
31.9
36.8
30.5
33.3
30.6

29.4
29.1
30.2
27.1
32.3
38.0
31.3
33.7
30.0

29.0
28.8
29.9
26.8
33.0
38.1
29.5
33.6
29.9

36.8

36.1

36.3

36.1

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

Finance, insurance, and real estate5 .
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee .
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.8
35.6
35.7
35.6
36.0

35.1
34.8
35.0
34.7
35.6

35.4
35.3
35.1
35.5
35.6

35.1
35.0
34.8
35.2
35.4

Nondepository institutions ...
Personal credit institutions.

61
614

39.2
39.7

38.0
38.0

38.5
39.6

38.3
39.7

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services .

628

39.6

38.4

38.1

37.9

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans ..
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..

63
631
632
6324
633

39.6
40.0
39.7
40.1
39.3

38.8
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.7

38.8
39.1
38.6
39.0
38.8

38.6
39.0
38.5
38.9
38.4

32.7

32.4

32.5

32.4

33.1

34.9

33.1

32.8

Services .
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




112

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1999P

36.0

32.5

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$8.82
8.87
8.07
8.58

$253.11
256.04
210.53
247.27

$254.62
257.55
212.43
251.03

$254.33
255.78
216.00
252.25

$261.95
264.33
217.89
253.97

9.28
9.37
8.35

9.30
9.39
8.32

264.31
267.86
228.80

265.21
269.06
230.40

271.90
275.48
236.31

271.56
275.13
234.62

12.04
15.16
9.90
7.77
12.58

12.39
15.51
10.22
8.07
13.20

12.26
15.28
10.22
8.03
13.04

419.49
547.23
369.84
244.27
431.12

426.22
559.40
375.21
245.53
444.07

434.89
567.67
381.21
254.21
458.04

430.33
557.72
384.27
253.75
442.06

8.40
10.19
8.34
8.14
8.21

8.39
10.13
8.21
8.19
8.31

8.69
10.10
8.68
8.44
8.30

8.64
10.14
8.70
8.33
8.24

221.76
284.30
203.50
221.41
214.28

221.50
284.65
201.15
222.77
214.40

223.33
285.83
197.04
225.35
213.31

223.78
284.93
201.84
224.91
214.24

11.75
11.00
11.13
12.71
11.77
7.31

11.71
11.00
11.07
12.66
11.69
7.15

12.17
11.52
11.44
13.01
11.93
7.35

12.05
11.46
11.48
12.78
11.66
7.34

386.58
359.70
377.31
420.70
390.76
183.48

381.75
356.40
375.27
411.45
377.59
183.76

396.74
374.40
378.66
422.83
384.15
185.22

392.83
373.60
379.99
416.63
375.45
190.84

6.26

6.29

6.52

6.51

157.75

158.51

164.30

163.40

9.45
9.96
7.90
8.79
10.03
12.66
9.45
10.99
9.79

9.41
10.00
7.86
8.69
10.01
12.65
9.47
10.98
9.93

9.75
10.28
8.13
9.02
10.32
13.25
9.79
11.60
10.27

9.78
10.31
8.08
9.02
10.31
13.18
9.92
11.72
10.21

274.05
281.87
237.00
239.97
318.95
477.28
281.61
370.36
296.64

274.77
286.00
236.59
238.11
319.32
465.52
288.84
365.63
303.86

286.65
299.15
245.53
244.44
333.34
503.50
306.43
390.92
308.10

283.62
296.93
241.59
241.74
340.23
502.16
292.64
393.79
305.28

13.97

13.98

14.55

14.53

514.10

504.68

528.17

524.53

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

53
531
533
539

$8.58
8.65
7.74
8.27

$8.72
8.79
7.81
8.34

$8.77
8.82
8.00
8.58

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

8.99
9.08
8.00

8.99
9.09
8.00

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

11.85
14.83
9.81
7.73
12.46

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places4

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

$14.62

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

10.77
10.28
10.15
10.37
10.50

10.71
10.22
10.10
10.30
10.54

11.29
10.93
10.60
11.17
10.89

11.24
10.88
10.47
11.18
10.83

385.57
365.97
362.36
369.17
378.00

375.92
355.66
353.50
357.41
375.22

399.67
385.83
372.06
396.54
387.68

394.52
380.80
364.36
393.54
383.38

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

14.42
12.05

14.51
12.22

14.82
12.29

14.95
12.41

565.26
478.39

551.38
464.36

570.57
486.68

572.59
492.68

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

20.16

20.36

21.94

22.00

798.34

781.82

835.91

833.80

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

16.49
14.89
15.58
15.93
18.10

16.60
14.99
15.63
15.97
18.25

16.90
15.28
16.27
16.71
18.40

16.79
15.31
16.18
16.62
18.07

653.00
595.60
618.53
638.79
711.33

644.08
584.61
608.01
629.22
706.28

655.72
597.45
628.02
651.69
713.92

648.09
597.09
622.93
646.52
693.89

12.77

12.77

13.32

13.33

417.58

413.75

432.90

431.89

9.89

9.76

10.30

10.32

327.36

340.62

340.93

338.50

Services

Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




113

13.34

Apr.
1999P

$526.32

433.55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

074
078

28.8
35.3

28.9
37.6

28.4
35.4

28.6
34.8

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

31.3

31.1

30.4

30.2

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.0
28.4
25.8

34.2
28.1
26.3

33.7
28.3
29.5

33.8
27.9
26.9

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

33.5
37.2

33.1
36.5

33.6
36.8

33.7
36.4

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

37.2
28.5
37.0
27.6
38.5
36.5
40.2
38.5

36.1
28.5
37.2
27.6
38.5
36.7
40.5
38.3

36.6
28.3
36.7
27.5
38.5
36.5
40.0
38.6

36.3
28.4
37.3
27.5
38.4
37.1
40.3
38.1

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.4
38.5
38.1
40.1
38.5
39.0
32.8
34.5
35.7

31.6
38.2
37.7
39.7
38.4
38.7
32.8
34.2
35.7

32.6
38.5
38.3
39.6
39.7
39.4
33.0
34.5
36.8

32.7
38.6
38.0
39.7
39.2
39.6
32.8
34.8
36.1

Auto repair, services, and parking ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops ..
General automotive repair shops .
Automotive services, except repair.
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.7
37.2
37.1
33.0
37.7
37.7
37.3
30.5
27.3

35.5
37.0
37.3
32.1
37.8
37.9
37.6
30.0
26.7

35.6
35.9
35.6
33.2
37.6
38.0
37.3
31.2
27.5

35.4
35.8
35.4
34.1
37.6
37.8
37.4
30.3
26.8

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.3

38.2

37.4

37.8

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

29.5
38.5
23.5

29.2
38.2
23.0

30.4
40.2
23.4

29.9
39.1
23.9

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs .

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.3
25.1
25.5
19.4
27.8

26.2
24.7
25.9
18.8
28.1

26.2
25.4
25.6
19.5
27.3

25.8
25.2
25.0
19.2
27.1

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners .
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

33.2
33.2
28.5
30.5
32.4
31.7
35.1

33.0
32.9
28.1
29.8
32.4
31.7
34.9

32.9
32.9
28.0
30.2
32.1
31.4
34.9

32.8
32.7
27.8
30.1
32.0
31.5
34.9

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Hospitals
See footnotes at end of table.




114

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$10.14
10.43

$283.68
352.29

$286.11
366.98

$287.69
368.51

$290.00
362.96

9.19

9.17

278.88

276.79

279.38

276.93

8.32
9.33
8.66

8.64
9.51
9.40

8.67
9.69
9.35

281.52
262.42
228.59

284.54
262.17
227.76

291.17
269.13
277.30

293.05
270.35
251.52

12.41
17.39

12.45
17.47

13.08
18.12

13.08
18.10

415.74
646.91

412.10
637.66

439.49
666.82

440.80
658.84

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

11.13
8.13
11.13
7.75
12.50
12.16
16.04
11.50

11.12
8.20
11.15
7.81
12.48
12.22
16.18
11.40

11.48
8.38
11.45
7.99
13.17
13.32
16.83
12.00

11.79
8.41
11.48
8.01
13.18
13.18
17.06
11.97

414.04
231.71
411.81
213.90
481.25
443.84
644.81
442.75

401.43
233.70
414.78
215.56
480.48
448.47
655.29
436.62

420.17
237.15
420.22
219.73
507.05
486.18
673.20
463.20

427.98
238.84
428.20
220.28
506.11
488.98
687.52
456.06

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

10.11
20.93
24.19
20.74
16.13
15.84
10.04
8.09
13.06

10.14
20.89
24.12
20.86
15.86
15.82
10.09
8.17
13.38

10.54
21.89
24.93
21.08
15.92
17.53
10.31
8.52
13.72

10.55
21.75
25.16
20.90
15.64
17.26
10.34
8.52
13.99

327.56
805.81
921.64
831.67
621.01
617.76
329.31
279.11
466.24

320.42
798.00
909.32
828.14
609.02
612.23
330.95
279.41
477.67

343.60
842.77
954.82
834.77
632.02
690.68
340.23
293.94
504.90

344.99
839.55
956.08
829.73
613.09
683.50
339.15
296.50
505.04

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

10.89
10.42
9.47
8.16
12.22
12.76
12.24
8.34
7.29

10.97
10.45
9.53
8.13
12.32
12.89
12.27
8.35
7.36

11.30
10.81
9.80
8.59
12.70
13.45
12.45
8.59
7.59

11.31
10.81
9.80
8.51
12.71
13.35
12.54
8.62
7.52

388.77
387.62
351.34
269.28
460.69
481.05
456.55
254.37
199.02

389.44
386.65
355.47
260.97
465.70
488.53
461.35
250.50
196.51

402.28
388.08
348.88
285.19
477.52
511.10
464.39
268.01
208.73

400.37
387.00
346.92
290.19
477.90
504.63
469.00
261.19
201.54

Miscellaneous repair services

76

13.11

13.17

13.66

13.84

502.11

503.09

510.88

523.15

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

14.54
19.96
7.14

14.51
19.97
7.31

15.47
21.16
7.25

16.13
22.68
7.19

428.93
768.46
167.79

423.69
762.85
168.13

470.29
850.63
169.65

482.29
886.79
171.84

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

9.90
7.43
9.09
8.74
9.62

9.72
7.53
8.98
8.80
9.55

10.19
7.64
9.36
9.09
9.95

10.21
7.60
9.42
9.21
9.97

260.37
186.49
231.80
169.56
267.44

254.66
185.99
232.58
165.44
268.36

266.98
194.06
239.62
177.26
271.64

263.42
191.52
235.50
176.83
270.19

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

13.59
14.19
13.98
13.16
9.63
9.13
15.30

13.65
14.21
14.09
13.24
9.70
9.18
15.37

14.05
14.56
14.53
12.92
10.00
9.59
15.83

14.06
14.61
14.54
12.94
10.01
9.58
15.82

451.19
471.11
398.43
401.38
312.01
289.42
537.03

450.45
467.51
395.93
394.55
314.28
291.01
536.41

462.25
479.02
406.84
390.18
321.00
301.13
552.47

461.17
477.75
404.21
389.49
320.32
301.77
552.12

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

074
078

$9.85
9.98

$9.90
9.76

$10.13
10.41

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

8.91

8.90

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.28
9.24
8.86

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

See footnotes at end of table.




115

Apr.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

808

29.1

29.0

29.0

28.7

Legal services

81

35.4

34.7

34.8

34.7

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.3
31.3
30.9
30.0
32.2
32.5

31.1
31.1
30.5
29.8
32.1
32.1

31.2
31.4
30.6
29.5
32.2
32.7

30.9
31.1
30.4
29.2
32.0
32.3

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.5

34.8

35.4

35.1

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.9
39.6
39.9
38.5
38.6
38.9
36.3
39.9
30.0
35.9
36.4
35.7
36.8
36.5

37.4
39.1
39.4
38.3
38.1
38.7
36.0
39.8
29.5
35.5
35.7
34.7
36.1
35.0

37.6
39.1
39.5
38.3
36.6
38.2
36.6
39.6
31.1
36.5
36.4
35.1
36.8
34.5

37.3
39.0
39.4
37.9
36.7
38.1
36.4
39.3
31.7
35.7
35.7
34.3
36.1
35.0

Services, nee

89

34.6

34.2

34.7

34.9

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

See footnotes at end of table.




116

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1999P

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$11.83

$332.90

$331.18

$344.23

$339.52

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

$11.44

$11.42

$11.87

Apr.
1999P

Legal services

81

17.97

17.75

18.68

18.70

636.14

615.93

650.06

648.89

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

9.09
9.63
8.81
7.82
9.16
11.14

9.08
9.59
8.78
7.83
9.21
11.04

9.47
9.97
9.20
8.17
9.59
11.40

9.48
9.96
9.20
8.19
9.60
11.43

284.52
301.42
272.23
234.60
294.95
362.05

282.39
298.25
267.79
233.33
295.64
354.38

295.46
313.06
281.52
241.02
308.80
372.78

292.93
309.76
279.68
239.15
307.20
369.19

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

18.38

18.21

18.56

18.40

652.49

633.71

657.02

645.84

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

17.76
19.67
20.53
17.73
13.59
15.31
18.37
20.12
14.97
21.64
16.98
15.23
19.03
15.64

17.70
19.53
20.40
17.54
13.62
15.07
18.35
20.18
14.84
21.76
17.13
15.45
19.16
15.85

18.24
20.01
20.90
17.95
13.99
15.44
18.62
20.54
15.10
21.96
17.99
15.88
20.91
16.59

18.24
20.03
20.90
17.98
14.20
15.52
18.47
20.34
14.78
21.98
18.02
15.97
20.81
16.46

673.10
778.93
819.15
682.61
524.57
595.56
666.83
802.79
449.10
776.88
618.07
543.71
700.30
570.86

661.98
763.62
803.76
671.78
518.92
583.21
660.60
803.16
437.78
772.48
611.54
536.12
691.68
554.75

685.82
782.39
825.55
687.49
512.03
589.81
681.49
813.38
469.61
801.54
654.84
557.39
769.49
572.36

680.35
781.17
823.46
681.44
521.14
591.31
672.31
799.36
468.53
784.69
643.31
547.77
751.24
576.10

Services, nee

89

17.55

17.64

18.39

18.29

607.23

603.29

638.13

638.32

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




117

4

Apr.
1999P

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
"" Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to revision.
5

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$20.86

$21.03

$21.47

$20.73

$21.49

$21.33

$21.95

$22.01

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

20.88

21.07

21.58

20.77

21.65

21.57

22.15

22.10

preliminary.




118

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime , of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

12.76

$12.83

$13.00

$13.03

$13.09

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.25
10.41
10.36
12.63
14.47
12.31
13.50
12.49
16.76
13.13
10.37

13.29
10.47
10.43
12.76
14.69
12.32
13.62
12.59
16.73
13.27
10.42

13.43
10.75
10.62
12.82
14.41
12.65
13.95
12.72
16.55
13.39
10.79

13.47
10.76
10.60
12.85
14.50
12.68
14.00
12.74
16.62
13.43
10.77

13.51
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

12.02
11.08
17.95
9.77
8.20
14.40
12.82
16.00
19.70
11.19
9.04

12.14
11.16
18.49
9.90
8.28
14.59
12.83
16.23
19.56
11.28
9.07

12.35
11.24
17.32
10.11
8.42
14.82
13.18
16.31
20.02
11.58
9.34

12.38
11.27
18.61
10.11
8.52
14.85
13.20
16.28
20.23
11.60
9.29

$12.46
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to
revision.

119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1998

Mar.
1998

Apr.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$12.68
7.74

$12.69
7.73

$13.09
7.87

$13.09
7.86

$13.12 $437.46 $434.00 $448.99 $447.68 $450.02
267.07
264.31 269.99 268.72
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.89
10.31

16.84
10.26

17.13
10.30

17.09
10.26

$17.01
(2)

733.03
447.52

730.86
445.10

731.45
439.84

722.91 $739.94
433.92
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.29
9.95

16.34
9.95

16.63
10.00

16.76
10.06

$16.83
(2)

617.39
376.92

620.92
378.15

630.28
379.00

630.18 $649.64
378.26
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.47
8.22

13.46
8.20

13.66
8.21

13.72
8.24

$13.80
(2)

561.70
342.92

549.17
334.45

564.16
339.24

568.01 $574.08
340.94
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.24
9.30

15.27
9.30

15.59
9.37

15.54
9.33

$15.63
(2)

600.46
366.58

597.06
363.62

608.01
365.61

604.51 $604.88
362.85
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.86
8.46

13.90
8.47

14.33
8.62

14.23
8.54

$14.18
(2)

532.22
324.92

529.59
322.53

548.84
330.03

545.01 $544.51
327.14
(2)

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

8.67
5.29

8.70
5.30

9.00
5.41

8.98
5.39

$8.96
(2)

248.83
151.91

249.69
152.06

257.40
154.78

256.83 $258.05
154.16
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.97
8.53

13.98
8.51

14.55
8.75

14.53
8.72

$14.62
(2)

514.10
313.86

504.68
307.36

528.17
317.60

524.53 $526.32
314.84
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.77
7.80

12.77
7.78

13.32
8.01

13.33
8.00

$13.34
(2)

417.58
254.93

413.75
251.98

432.90
260.31

431.89 $433.55
259.24
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Mar.
1998

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999P

Apr.
1999P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

120

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

March
1998

February
1999

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

March
1999P

March
1998

February

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.8
43.4
44.3

41.7
42.5
43.3

42.1
41.1
44.6

$12.07
12.76
14.23

$12.26
12.95
13.78

$12.33
13.02
14.14

$504.53
553.78
630.39

$511.24
550.38
596.67

$519.09
535.12
630.64

Alaska

59.7

61.1

57.7

10.14

9.47

10.06

605.36

578.62

580.46

Arizona

41.0

40.1

40.4

11.88

12.64

12.62

487.08

506.86

509.85

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
40.5

41.6
42.7
41.6
41.8
40.0

40.9
43.1
41.6
42.4
40.4

11.00
10.70
11.00
11.94
12.62

11.40
10.94
11.37
12.12
12.80

11.52
10.93
11.43
12.16
13.08

458.70
438.70
470.80
517.00
511.11

474.24
467.14
472.99
506.62
512.00

471.17
471.08
475.49
515.58
528.43

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.8
42.3
40.8
42.5
41.6
41.3
43.7
42.4
40.8
36.9
40.3
41.1
42.6
41.8
40.3
42.0
42.2
43.6

41.6
42.1
40.6
42.6
41.6
42.2
42.8
41.9
40.9
38.4
40.2
40.3
42.6
40.8
39.8
42.0
42.5
42.8

41.9
42.8
40.9
42.5
41.8
42.3
43.2
42.3
41.1
38.5
40.3
40.5
42.4
40.8
39.7
41.2
42.9
42.9

13.55
13.92
12.02
12.76
13.75
15.55
12.94
11.99
14.57
14.28
13.56
14.67
16.66
14.15
14.92
13.44
15.54
12.43

13.87
13.76
12.20
12.98
13.94
15.66
13.26
12.26
14.86
14.25
13.67
14.76
17.08
14.37
15.50
13.42
15.78
12.50

13.89
13.93
12.17
12.98
13.94
15.67
13.35
12.22
14.80
14.27
13.68
14.86
17.13
14.34
15.51
13.44
15.83
12.68

566.39
588.82
490.42
542.30
572.00
642.22
565.48
508.38
594.46
526.93
546.47
602.94
709.72
591.47
601.28
564.48
655.79
541.95

576.99
579.30
495.32
552.95
579.90
660.85
567.53
513.69
607.77
547.20
549.53
594.83
727.61
586.30
616.90
563.64
670.65
535.00

581.99
596.20
497.75
551.65
582.69
662.84
576.72
516.91
608.28
549.40
551.30
601.83
726.31
585.07
615.75
553.73
679.11
543.97

Colorado
Denver

41.2
41.7

41.1
41.5

42.1
43.1

13.49
12.74

14.02
13.15

14.07
13.17

555.79
531.26

576.22
545.73

592.35
567.63

Connecticut

42.7
42.4
43.0
43.9
42.4
42.2
40.4
43.7

41.9
41.1
41.2
42.5
42.1
42.4
38.9
44.1

42.4
41.6
41.0
42.8
42.6
42.6
38.2
44.2

14.75
15.13
14.84
15.63
14.50
15.27
13.74
13.72

15.00
15.21
14.80
15.91
14.63
15.68
13.86
14.33

15.08
15.35
14.91
16.00
14.88
15.71
13.84
14.36

629.83
641.51
638.12
686.16
614.80
644.39
555.10
599.56

628.50
625.13
609.76
676.18
615.92
664.83
539.15
631.95

639.39
638.56
611.31
684.80
633.89
669.25
528.69
634.71

42.0
40.0
44.2

42.3
40.4
43.2

42.3
40.3
43.1

15.29
13.68
18.51

15.54
14.07
18.66

15.61
13.97
18.49

642.18
547.20
818.14

657.34
568.43
806.11

660.30
562.99
796.92

39.2

39.0

37.1

14.10

15.13

15.34

552.72

590.07

569.11

41.6

42.0

42.4

11.27

11.69

11.60

468.83

490.98

491.84

41.8
40.9
46.5

40.8
40.4
46.6

41.5
40.9
46.8

11.90
12.89
14.46

12.24
12.95
15.79

12.22
13.07
15.93

497.42
527.20
672.39

499.39
523.18
735.81

507.13
534.56
745.52

37.7
39.6

39.4
40.3

39.9
41.3

13.46
13.41

13.31
13.28

13.15
13.06

507.44
531.04

524.41
535.18

524.69
539.38

37.3

38.9

39.3

12.88

12.98

12.90

480.42

504.92

506.97

41.4
39.1
40.9
41.3
43.3
42.6
42.0
42.7
42.9
41.7

41.5
38.6
41.3
41.7
41.7
42.3
39.9
42.0
42.7
41.7

41.6
39.7
41.0
41.7
41.7
42.2
40.6
42.1
42.7
42.1

13.64
17.39
11.14
13.48
15.60
16.77
15.22
16.60
15.33
12.16

13.86
17.77
11.31
13.61
15.28
16.79
15.70
16.54
16.04
12.41

13.94
17.98
11.32
13.66
15.64
16.78
15.78
16.54
16.07
12.31

564.70
679.95
455.63
556.72
675.48
714.40
639.24
708.82
657.66
507.07

575.19
685.92
467.10
567.54
637.18
710.22
626.43
694.68
684.91
517.50

579.90
713.81
464.12
569.62
652.19
708.12
640.67
696.33
686.19
518.25

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

March
1998

February
1999

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson .
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

42.7
40.5
39.1
43.3
41.9
41.7
44.2
50.9
42.8
45.8
39.4
44.9

42.9
40.6
40.0
44.5
41.3
44.9
44.3
48.2
42.9
45.6
41.2
44.2

42.8
40.7
39.8
44.3
41.0
44.9
44.3
47.0
43.0
45.6
41.1
44.7

$14.96
11.95
12.38
14.94
14.84
18.80
15.82
20.96
15.83
15.09
12.57
14.70

$14.95
12.11
13.00
14.43
16.15
19.08
15.59
21.94
15.62
15.02
12.25
14.55

$14.99
12.42
12.92
14.43
15.49
19.36
15.56
22.58
15.64
15.02
12.13
14.75

$638.79
483.98
484.06
646.90
621.80
783.96
699.24
1,066.86
677.52
691.12
495.26
660.03

$641.36
491.67
520.00
642.14
667.00
856.69
690.64
1,057.51
670.10
684.91
504.70
643.11

$641.57
505.49
514.22
639.25
635.09
869.26
689.31
1,061.26
672.52
684.91
498.54
659.33

Iowa
Cedar Rapids.,
Des Moines....
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.5
41.8
40.7
39.5
41.8

40.8
40.9
39.7
37.7
39.1

40.6
38.7
37.9
38.0
39.7

13.85
17.25
14.09
15.07
11.37

14.08
16.72
13.89
15.67
12.15

14.02
18.98
13.98
15.18
11.81

574.78
721.05
573.46
595.27
475.27

574.46
683.85
551.43
590.76
475.07

569.21
734.53
529.84
576.84

Kansas ....
Topeka.
Wichita .

42.1
41.7
43.8

41.0
40.7
41.6

41.0
41.1
41.6

13.81
15.72
16.26

14.10
16.75
16.29

14.17
16.69
16.27

581.40
655.52
712.19

578.10
681.73
677.66

580.97
685.96
676.83

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.5
42.9
41.4

41.1
42.1
41.7

41.3
42.2
42.3

13.67
13.98
15.26

14.14
14.06
15.84

14.22
14.09
15.86

567.31
599.74
631.76

581.15
591.93
660.53

587.29
594.60
670.88

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City .

44.6
44.0
43.9
42.1

43.3
42.3
42.9
41.2

43.5
42.8
43.0
41.9

14.86
17.96
14.72
14.46

14.94
17.34
14.92
14.16

15.05
17.61
14.98
14.19

662.76
790.24
646.21
608.77

646.90
733.48
640.07
583.39

654.68
753.71
644.14
594.56

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum .
Portland

40.7
40.0
40.7

40.2
40.9
40.8

40.4
41.0
42.0

13.22
11.32
11.30

13.96
11.91
11.49

13.79
12.05
11.47

538.05
452.80
459.91

561.19
487.12
468.79

557.12
494.05
481.74

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA .

41.8
41.5

41.1
41.0

41.0
41.0

14.23
14.84

14.45
15.30

14.51
15.37

594.81
615.86

593.90
627.30

594.91
630.17

Massachusetts .
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.5
41.9
41.8
43.2

41.9
41.2
40.8
41.7

42.0
41.5
41.5
42.0

13.71
14.78
13.34
13.80

14.01
15.34
13.66
14.30

14.06
15.36
13.68
14.30

582.68
619.28
557.61
596.16

587.02
632.01
557.33
596.31

590.52
637.44
567.72
600.60

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.3
45.3
44.5
43.5
40.2
43.3
44.8
39.8
44.9

43.6
44.0
44.7
45.2
41.4
41.6
43.1
42.8
44.9

43.9
44.5
45.1
44.5
41.8
41.2
42.8
42.9
45.5

17.71
18.76
19.21
24.67
14.66
12.78
15.53
19.41
21.60

18.00
19.25
20.27
25.37
15.03
12.82
15.51
19.80
22.11

18.13
19.75
20.30
25.29
14.96
13.08
15.66
19.63
22.41

766.84
849.83
854.85
1,073.15
589.33
553.37
695.74
772.52
969.84

784.80
847.00
906.07
1,146.72
622.24
533.31
668.48
847.44
992.74

795.91
878.88
915.53
1,125.41
625.33
538.90
670.25
842.13
1.019.66

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
St. Cloud

41.3
41.3
42.1
44.6

40.9
39.9
41.6
41.5

40.8
39.0
41.5
40.8

13.93
12.31
14.91
13.49

14.04
12.73
15.06
13.35

14.14
12.35
15.20
13.28

575.31
508.40
627.71
601.65

574.24
507.93
626.50
554.03

576.91
481.65
630.80
541.82

Mississippi .
Jackson ...

41.3
39.4

41.1
40.7

41.1
41.4

10.69
11.98

10.97
12.92

11.01
12.95

441.50
472.01

450.87
525.84

452.51
536.13

Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield....

41.3
43.1
42.5
38.6

41.3
42.4
42.5
39.0

41.0
42.0
42.0
39.7

13.26
14.34
15.69
11.35

13.65
14.23
16.08
11.66

13.67
14.39
15.95
11.77

547.64
618.05
666.83
438.11

563.75
603.35
683.40
454.74

560.47
604.38
669.90
467.27

Montana ...

39.0

38.7

37.4

13.67

14.25

14.42

533.13

551.48

539.31

Nebraska
Lincoln .,
Omaha .,

40.6
43.2
41.6

41.0
42.2
42.9

41.5
44.0
42.2

12.17
13.85
13.36

12.77
14.30
12.89

12.70
14.41
12.96

494.10
598.32
555.78

523.57
603.46
552.98

527.05
634.04
546.91

Nevada
Las Vegas.

41.2
40.9

41.0
36.6

40.7
36.9

14.07
15.70

14.20
16.39

14.06
16.22

579.68
642.13

582.20
599.87

572.24
598.52

See footnotes at end of table.




122

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued

March

February
1999

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

March
1999P

March
1998

February

March
1999P

March

February
1999

March
1999P

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

41.7
38.4
42.0
42.3

40.7
40.0
41.1
40.7

41.1
41.4
41.2
40.3

$12.61
14.10
14.30
11.86

$12.99
13.22
14.78
12.63

$12.95
13.34
14.78
12.46

$525.84
541.44
600.60
501.68

$528.69
528.80
607.46
514.04

$532.25
552.28
608.94
502.14

New Jersey

41.8

41.7

41.8

14.55

14.92

14.93

608.19

622.16

624.07

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.7
38.3

38.4
37.4

38.4
37.9

12.66
13.98

12.48
14.20

12.36
14.63

489.94
535.43

479.23
531.08

474.62
554.48

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.4
41.4
41.1
43.7
39.9
41.9
40.5
39.4
39.3
41.3
42.2
41.7
43.6
40.7
40.4

41.1
42.9
40.4
42.9
40.3
41.6
39.6
39.1
38.7
41.0
43.0
43.7
41.3
40.1
40.5

41.3
43.2
40.2
42.8
40.1
41.4
40.2
39.4
39.0
41.3
42.7
43.7
42.1
40.4
41.2

13.47
14.59
10.70
17.36
12.03
12.76
12.53
12.41
12.16
11.04
14.87
15.81
14.44
11.62
13.14

13.87
15.04
10.95
17.59
11.99
12.68
12.83
12.70
12.46
11.32
15.34
16.00
14.66
12.18
12.97

13.88
15.14
10.96
17.77
12.17
12.68
12.91
12.63
12.39
11.25
15.26
15.77
14.82
12.26
12.95

557.66
604.03
439.77
758.63
480.00
534.64
507.47
488.95
477.89
455.95
627.51
659.28
629.58
472.93
530.86

570.06
645.22
442.38
754.61
483.20
527.49
508.07
496.57
482.20
464.12
659.62
699.20
605.46
488.42
525.29

573.24
654.05
440.59
760.56
488.02
524.95
518.98
497.62
483.21
464.63
651.60
689.15
623.92
495.30
533.54

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

41.1
41.1
41.3
40.4
41.4

40.5
41.1
40.7
39.5
42.0

40.6
40.7
41.0
39.8
42.8

11.71
11.44
12.77
11.82
12.78

12.11
11.61
13.05
12.35
13.32

12.16
11.72
13.09
12.38
13.31

481.28
470.18
527.40
477.53
529.09

490.46
477.17
531.14
487.83
559.44

493.70
477.00
536.69
492.72
569.67

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

40.3
38.3

40.2
39.4

39.9
38.8

11.43
10.49

11.78
11.17

11.62
10.93

460.63
401.77

473.56
440.10

463.64
424.08

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

43.2
43.2
43.2
43.4
43.4
42.7
43.5
45.6
43.1
43.6
41.8
45.2
42.5

42.9
43.0
40.1
43.3
43.0
41.7
44.0
46.7
42.9
43.8
41.1
43.9
42.3

42.6
42.4
40.3
42.4
43.4
41.6
43.7
46.9
43.2
43.6
40.9
43.2
42.8

15.69
13.05
13.79
15.03
15.26
14.59
16.68
17.18
16.08
15.93
16.52
17.27
17.80

16.11
13.34
13.90
15.45
15.83
14.96
17.20
17.35
16.56
16.30
17.31
18.07
17.99

16.21
13.41
13.98
15.61
15.91
14.96
17.26
17.48
16.54
16.21
18.08
18.30
18.01

677.81
563.76
595.73
652.30
662.28
622.99
725.58
783.41
693.05
694.55
690.54
780.60
756.50

691.12
573.62
557.39

623.83
756.80
810.25
710.42
713.94
711.44
793.27
760.98

690.55
568.58
563.39
661.86
690.49
622.34
754.26
819.81
714.53
706.76
739.47
790.56
770.83

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

42.5
44.5
43.8

40.6
39.7
42.2

40.1
39.3
41.9

12.33
13.19
12.87

12.63
13.31
13.27

12.74
13.35
13.42

524.03
586.96
563.71

512.78
528.41
559.99

510.87
524.66
562.30

40.9
40.9
40.0
41.1
39.0

39.8
40.6
38.1
40.0
40.9

40.0
42.4
38.4
40.0
40.9

13.84
13.33
12.68
14.04
11.95

14.44
13.94
13.01
15.01
12.54

14.37
13.83
13.20
14.81
12.69

566.06
545.20
507.20
577.04
466.05

574.71
565.96
495.68
600.40
512.89

574.80
586.39
506.88
592.40
519.02

42.0
42.3
40.3
45.0
40.4
39.6
41.1
38.4
43.0
42.1
41.1
41.9
41.9
40.2
42.2

41.5
41.4
40.1
44.6
39.6
39.7
40.4
40.5
42.0
41.3
40.6
41.4
41.7
40.9
42.8

41.6
41.8
39.7
44.7
40.1
39.1
41.0
40.9
41.9
40.6
40.1
42.4
42.2
40.9
42.9

14.04
14.32
11.91
14.23
13.45
10.35
12.81
15.17
15.11
15.13
12.51
13.79
12.09
11.46
14.21

14.22
14.90
12.49
14.64
14.00
10.70
13.02
15.42
15.15
15.03
12.86
14.24
12.50
11.62
14.63

14.22
14.88
12.45
14.63
13.98
10.65
13.09
15.39
15.13
14.97
12.85
14.15
12.47
11.69
14.77

589.68
605.74
479.97
640.35
543.38
409.86
526.49
582.53
649.73
636.97
514.16
577.80
506.57
460.69
599.66

590.13
616.86
500.85
655.87
554.40
424.79
526.01
624.51
636.30
620.74
522.12
589.54
521.25
475.26
626.16

591.55
621.98
494.27
653.96
560.60
416.42
536.69
629.45
633.95
607.78
515.29
599.96
526.23
478.12
633.63

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

,

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

March
1998

February
1999

Average hourly earnings
March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

Average weekly earnings

March
1999P

March
1998

February
1999

March
1999P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .

40.9
41.5

39.3
40.1

40.1
40.6

$11.53
11.78

$11.89
12.19

$11.89
12.20

$471.58
488.87

$467.28
488.82

$476.79
495.32

South Carolina .

42.5

42.6

42.5

10.49

10.65

10.69

445.83

453.69

454.33

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

42.5
41.2
43.4

42.7
40.5
44.1

42.6
40.1
43.9

10.08
10.28
10.52

10.51
10.49
10.95

10.54
10.52
10.97

428.40
423.54
456.57

448.78
424.85
482.90

449.00
421.85
481.58

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.1
42.3
39.5
40.9
40.2
41.2

40.2
41.3
38.4
41.1
40.1
38.5

40.3
41.0
38.2
41.2
39.8
38.5

11.91
10.96
12.86
11.74
12.41
12.88

12.25
11.56
12.79
11.98
13.20
13.02

12.31
11.57
12.70
12.02
13.27
13.15

489.50
463.61
507.97
480.17
498.88
530.66

492.45
477.43
491.14
492.38
529.32
501.27

496.09
474.37
485.14
495.22
528.15
506.28

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington .
Houston
San Antonio

43.5
42.6
43.5
45.4
43.0

43.2
42.5
42.3
43.8
42.5

43.1
42.3
42.7
44.2
42.6

12.16
12.37
13.04
14.23
9.82

12.23
12.43
13.23
14.28
9.90

12.24
12.46
13.26
14.40
9.95

528.96
526.96
567.24
646.04
422.26

528.34
528.28
559.63
625.46
420.75

527.54
527.06
566.20
636.48
423.87

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden .

40.1
39.9

40.3
40.6

40.5
41.1

12.98
12.70

13.40
12.97

13.44
13.14

520.50
506.73

540.02
526.58

544.32
540.05

Vermont
Burlington

39.9
43.7

39.3
46.7

39.0
46.9

12.91
13.70

13.34
14.33

13.47
14.74

515.11
598.69

524.26
669.21

525.33
691.31

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.9
40.9
43.0
43.1
45.9
43.2
41.1
40.5
41.3

41.9
48.3
41.0
42.5
44.0
42.0
41.2
40.9
39.6

41.8
50.2
38.0
43.2
42.7
42.9
41.5
41.1
40.0

12.76
10.50
10.58
12.79
12.58
14.99
13.10
15.51
14.04

13.26
11.96
10.60
13.25
13.24
14.73
13.42
16.54
14.26

13.28
11.60
10.43
13.42
12.53
14.71
13.59
16.13
14.27

534.64
429.45
454.94
551.25
577.42
647.57
538.41
628.16
579.85

555.59
577.67
434.60
563.13
582.56
618.66
552.90
676.49
564.70

555.10
582.32
396.34
579.74
535.03
631.06
563.99
662.94
570.80

Washington .

40.8

40.2

41.7

15.63

16.09

15.68

637.70

646.82

653.86

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling

41.6
47.5
43.1
42.7
38.9

41.3
46.9
42.5
42.0
39.0

40.2
48.1
42.2
42.6
38.3

13.51
15.07
15.03
17.16
15.73

13.77
15.85
15.28
17.54
16.75

13.75
15.86
15.45
17.47
16.31

562.02
715.83
647.79
732.73
611.90

568.70
743.37
649.40
736.68
653.25

552.75
762.87
651.99
744.22
624.67

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.6
44.6
40.0
41.4
43.0
39.9
42.8
40.2
42.2
40.9
41.4
41.7

41.5
43.7
41.4
41.6
42.5
38.1
40.0
39.8
41.5
40.3
42.3
41.8

41.5
42.8
40.8
41.2
43.0
38.5
39.8
40.0
41.4
41.0
42.0
42.0

13.96
14.88
12.90
15.24
18.08
15.23
12.20
12.96
15.07
14.49
13.59
13.25

14.45
15.60
12.65
15.34
18.74
16.20
12.74
13.18
15.35
14.49
14.36
13.92

14.47
15.64
12.53
15.51
19.01
15.88
12.57
13.42
15.35
15.05
14.43
13.90

580.74
663.65
516.00
630.94
777.44
607.68
522.16
520.99
635.95
592.64
562.63
552.53

599.68
681.72
523.71
638.14
796.45
617.22
509.60
524.56
637.03
583.95
607.43
581.86

600.51
669.39
511.22
639.01
817.43
611.38
500.29
536.80
635.49
617.05
606.06
583.80

Wyoming

40.1

39.5

40.2

14.75

15.41

15.51

591.48

608.70

623.50

Puerto Rico .

39.8

8.27

329.15

Virgin Islands .

39.4

18.32

721.81

1 Not available.
p
= preliminary.




NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.

124

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998
Census region and division
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,071.6 26,045.2 26,055.9 26,027.2 26,024.4 26,035.0 26,081.6 26,092.3 26,115.2 26,147.6 26,178.3 26,245.8 26,239.6
24,809.8 24,823.1 24,831.6 24,825.3 24,838.3 24,851.8 24,883.0 24,910.0 24,944.2 24,988.5 25,043.3 25,118.7 25,125.2
1,261.7 1,222.1
1,224.2 1,201.9 1,186.1 1,183.2 1,198.6 1,182.3 1,171.0 1,159.2 1,135.0 1,127.1 1,114.4
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.2
4.6

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,103.7
6,839.9
263.8
3.7

7,092.4
6,845.6
246.8
3.5

7,101.6
6,845.9
255.8
3.6

7,097.0
6,849.5
247.5
3.5

7,104.3
6,866.4
237.9
3.3

7,107.4
6,865.9
241.5
3.4

7,125.5
6,876.3
249.3
3.5

7,135.9
6,891.8
244.0
3.4

7,140.1
6,905.1
235.0
3.3

7,149.3
6,919.5
229.7
3.2

7,159.3
6,930.2
229.1
3.2

7,162.0
6,942.3
219.8
3.1

7,161.3
6,948.2
213.2
3.0

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,967.8 18,952.8 18,954.2 18,930.2 18,920.1 18,927.6 18,956.0 18,956.4 18,975.1 18,998.4 19,019.0 19,083.8 19,078.2
17,969.9 17,977.5 17,985.8 17,975.8 17,971.9 17,985.8 18,006.7 18,018.2 18,039.2 18,068.9 18,113.1 18,176.4 18,177.1
954.3
968.5
975.3
997.9
948.2
929.4
941.8
949.3
938.3
907.4
905.9
935.9
901.2
5.0
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.7

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

47,444.1 47,558.9 47,635.6 47,744.2 47,867.6 47,944.9 48,056.0 48,192.6 48,312.9 48,458.9 48,631.6 48,639.5 48,596.6
45,300.2 45,427.9 45,519.3 45,615.4 45,751.7 45,835.6 45,956.7 46,114.1 46,247.0 46,409.3 46,608.6 46,609.5 46,580.5
2,143.9
2,130.9
2,116.3 2,128.8 2,115.9 2,109.2 2,099.3 2,078.6 2,065.9
2,049.6
2,023.0 2,030.0 2,016.1
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,499.8 24,548.5 24,581.0 24,623.6 24,698.6 24,745.3 24,813.9 24,902.2 24,979.1 25,072.6 25,170.3 25,178.7 25,142.3
23,471.2 23,529.3 23,568.3 23,615.9 23,699.7 23,750.9 23,830.3 23,919.4 24,006.0 24,111.5 24,223.7 24,215.0 24,181.4
1,028.6 1,019.2 1,012.8 1,007.6
994.4
998.9
982.7
983.6
973.1
961.1
946.5
963.7
961.0
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,061.2
7,680.3
381.0
4.7

8,074.9
7,703.9
371.0
4.6

8,082.6
7,715.8
366.8
4.5

8,095.0
7,734.9
360.2
4.4

8,108.2
7,756.9
351.3
4.3

8,114.5
7,757.9
356.7
4.4

8,128.1
7,769.7
358.3
4.4

8,147.8
7,793.3
354.5
4.4

8,160.1
7,809.1
351.0
4.3

8,181.9
7,831.2
350.7
4.3

8,207.9
7,853.8
354.1
4.3

8,195.7
7,850.5
345.2
4.2

8,214.5
7,848.4
366.2
4.5

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

14,883.0 14,935.5 14,971.9 15,025.7 15,060.8 15,085.0 15,114.0 15,142.7 15,173.7
14,148.7 14,194.7 14,235.3 14,264.6 14,295.1 14,326.8 14,356.6 14,401.4 14,431.9
734.3
740.7
765.8
736.7
761.0
758.2
757.4
741.3
741.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9

See footnotes at end of table.




125

15,204.5 15,253.4 15,265.0 15,239.8
14,466.6 14,531.1 14,543.9 14,550.8
722.4
737.8
721.1
689.0
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.5

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1999

Census region and division
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

32,961.0 32,964.4 33,012.1 33,071.8 33,109.8 33,149.1 33,250.3 33,358.5 33,442.1 33,524.7 33,585.8 33,609.3 33,575.2
31,697.5 31,764.5 31,792.2 31,822.9 31,802.2 31,909.8 32,005.1 32,131.7 32,229.2 32,342.5 32,426.9 32,443.4 32,459.7
1,219.9 1,248.9 1,307.6 1,239.3 1,245.3 1,226.7 1,212.8
1,199.9
1,263.5
1,182.2 1,159.0 1,165.9 1,115.5
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.3
3.5

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,854.8 22,842.6 22,866.7 22,914.9 22,937.8 22,965.2 23,035.6 23,107.8 23,154.2 23,210.4 23,267.8 23,294.3 23,276.0
21,946.8 21,981.9 21,988.2 22,004.6 21,966.0 22,053.3 22,117.7 22,196.9 22,253.3 22,323.7 22,385.9 22,401.4 22,436.4
878.5
910.2
907.9
917.9
911.8
886.7
860.7
881.9
892.9
971.8
910.8
900.9
839.6
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.8
4.2
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.8

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,106.2 10,121.8 10,145.4 10,156.9 10,172.0 10,184.0 10,214.8 10,250.7 10,287.9 10,314.3 10,318.0 10,315.0 10,299.2
9,750.6 9,782.6 9,804.0 9,818.3 9,836.3 9,856.5 9,887.4 9,934.8 9,976.0 10,018.8 10,041.0 10,042.0 10,023.3
341.4
339.2
338.7
327.4
277.1
355.6
327.5
315.9
311.9
273.0
335.8
295.5
275.9
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
2.7
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.6
2.7

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,539.5 30,583.8 30,663.0 30,717.4 30,819.4 30,831.4 30,921.5 30,971.5 31,038.5 31,055.4 31,134.3 31,155.3 31,235.9
28,891.7 28,933.7 29,004.5 29,054.9 29,163.7 29,173.7 29,250.9 29,326.2 29,402.6 29,423.7 29,537.4 29,575.6 29,635.2
1,650.1 1,658.5 1,662.4 1,655.7 1,657.7
1,670.5 1,645.3 1,635.9
1,647.8
1,631.7
1,596.8
1,579.8 1,600.7
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.1

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,611.6
8,222.0
389.6
4.5

8,639.6
8,247.9
391.6
4.5

8,669.1
8,278.3
390.9
4.5

8,701.0
8,304.1
396.9
4.6

8,728.8
8,338.4
390.4
4.5

8,746.3
8,359.7
386.6
4.4

8,780.2
8,396.7
383.4
4.4

8,810.5
8,433.4
377.0
4.3

8,837.7
8,468.0
369.7
4.2

8,862.0
8,502.0
360.0
4.1

8,903.9
8,553.9
350.0
3.9

8,911.9
8,568.8
343.2
3.9

8,932.6
8,578.9
353.7
4.0

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,927.9 21,944.3 21,993.8 22,016.3 22,090.5 22,085.1 22,141.3 22,161.0 22,200.8 22,193.4 22,230.4 22,243.4 22,303.2
20,669.7 20,685.8 20,726.2 20,750.8 20,825.2 20,814.0 20,854.2 20,892.7 20,934.6 20,921.7 20,983.5 21,006.8 21,056.3
1,258.2
1,258.5
1,267.6 1,265.5
1,287.1 1,268.3 1,266.2
1,271.7 1,246.8 1,236.6 1,247.0
1,265.3 1,271.1
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.6

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




126

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,150.6
2,055.5
95.1
4.4

2,153.3
2,060.9
92.4
4.3

2,151.6
2,059.1
92.5
4.3

2,152.1
2,061.4
90.8
4.2

2,152.0
2,064.8
87.3
4.1

2,150.3
2,061.8
88.5
4.1

2,150.4
2,061.4
89.0
4.1

2,152.1
2,063.3
88.7
4.1

2,154.2
2,065.9
88.3
4.1

2,158.7
2,071.5
87.3
4.0

2,162.3
2,077.0
85.3
3.9

2,161.7
2,076.4
85.3
3.9

2,176.8
2,080.6
96.3
4.4

316.3
297.7
18.6
5.9

316.4
298.7
17.7
5.6

317.7
299.3
18.4
5.8

318.7
299.7
19.1
6.0

317.3
299.4
18.0
5.7

317.2
299.5
17.7
5.6

317.1
299.2
17.8
5.6

317.3
299.6
17.7
5.6

316.4
298.9
17.5
5.5

315.7
298.0
17.7
5.6

316.6
297.9
18.7
5.9

318.6
298.2
20.5
6.4

318.1
298.0
20.1
6.3

2,230.8
2,135.2
95.6
4.3

2,244.3
2,147.5
96.8
4.3

2,254.0
2,158.1
95.9
4.3

2,262.9
2,168.0
94.9
4.2

2,276.2
2,182.0
94.3
4.1

2,288.5
2,193.5
95.0
4.2

2,303.1
2,208.8
94.3
4.1

2,311.2
2,218.9
92.3
4.0

2,326.1
2,233.3
92.8
4.0

2,341.6
2,249.5
92.2
3.9

2,362.1
2,269.3
92.9
3.9

2,378.2
2,283.9
94.3
4.0

2,383.7
2,283.7
100.0
4.2

1,200.6
1,130.8
69.8
5.8

1,199.5
1,131.9
67.6
5.6

1,199.3
1,133.4
65.9
5.5

1,202.0
1,137.3
64.8
5.4

1,207.7
1,143.0
64.7
5.4

1,215.4
1,148.7
66.7
5.5

1,224.5
1,156.3
68.2
5.6

1,235.4
1,166.1
69.3
5.6

1,246.0
1,177.6
68.4
5.5

1,255.0
1,189.6
65.4
5.2

1,255.7
1,191.2
64.5
5.1

1,252.7
1,193.5
59.3
4.7

1,247.7
1,193.1
54.6
4.4

16,247.3
15,280.5
966.8
6.0

16,265.0
15,297.4
967.6
5.9

16,299.5
15,329.2
970.3
6.0

16,319.9
15,355.6
964.3
5.9

16,380.9
15,415.3
965.6
5.9

16,370.6
15,400.7
969.9
5.9

16,404.3
15,425.6
978.6
6.0

16,401.1
15,438.3
962.8
5.9

16,437.1
15,473.0
964.1
5.9

16,421.3
15,452.9
968.4
5.9

16,456.9
15,509.3
947.6
5.8

16,447.4
15,521.8
925.5
5.6

16,519.1
15,568.9
950.1
5.8

2,226.9
2,140.7
86.3
3.9

2,231.7
2,143.5
88.2
4.0

2,242.2
2,153.0
89.2
4.0

2,251.3
2,158.2
93.0
4.1

2,256.6
2,166.3
90.4
4.0

2,254.2
2,165.1
89.1
4.0

2,261.8
2,172.6
89.2
3.9

2,265.3
2,179.1
86.3
3.8

2,264.0
2,182.3
81.7
3.6

2,261.1
2,183.7
77.4
3.4

2,272.0
2,201.8
70.1
3.1

2,257.1
2,197.3
59.8
2.7

2,266.9
2,206.3
60.7
2.7

1,704.0
1,643.9
60.1
3.5

1,702.9
1,644.8
58.2
3.4

1,703.4
1,646.2
57.2
3.4

1,704.1
1,648.8
55.2
3.2

1,706.7
1,655.2
51.5
3.0

1,710.0
1,655.6
54.4
3.2

1,715.8
1,657.2
58.6
3.4

1,714.2
1,658.7
55.5
3.2

1,718.0
1,662.3
55.7
3.2

1,722.0
1,666.9
55.1
3.2

1,729.5
1,677.4
52.2
3.0

1,722.8
1,669.6
53.3
3.1

1,718.5
1,664.3
54.1
3.1

388.8
373.2
15.6
4.0

389.7
373.7
15.9
4.1

390.4
374.5
15.9
4.1

391.6
375.9
15.6
4.0

393.6
377.4
16.2
4.1

392.9
378.5
14.5
3.7

394.4
380.4
14.0
3.6

396.3
382.4
13.9
3.5

397.5
384.2
13.3
3.4

398.8
386.1
12.7
3.2

400.4
387.9
12.5
3.1

397.5
385.1
12.4
3.1

399.0
386.5
12.5
3.1

266.8
241.9
24.9
9.3

269.1
244.4
24.6
9.2

269.3
245.0
24.3
9.0

269.8
245.4
24.4
9.1

268.5
244.5
24.0
8.9

269.0
245.3
23.7
8.8

267.5
244.2
23.3
8.7

266.8
244.1
22.7
8.5

265.7
243.9
21.9
8.2

264.2
243.6
20.6
7.8

266.0
245.7
20.3
7.6

270.2
250.1
20.1
7.4

268.3
249.1
19.2
7.2

7,135.6
6,819.5
316.1
4.4

7,165.5
6,850.9
314.5
4.4

7,174.1
6,863.4
310.6
4.3

7,199.1
6,890.3
308.9
4.3

7,221.1
6,920.7
300.3
4.2

7,242.6
6,941.6
301.0
4.2

7,276.3
6,972.3
303.9
4.2

7,309.9
7,001.6
308.3
4.2

7,346.0
7,035.2
310.8
4.2

7,386.5
7,075.5
310.9
4.2

7,424.5
7,107.9
316.6
4.3

7,433.4
7,115.4
318.0
4.3

7,411.5
7,104.5
307.0
4.1

Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed . . ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

4,008.1
3,832.5
175.6
4.4

4,015.6
3,841.3
174.3
4.3

4,020.5
3,847.5
173.1
4.3

4,027.9
3,854.4
173.5
4.3

4,031.3
3,858.6
172.8
4.3

4,030.3
3,863.8
166.5
4.1

4,034.2
3,868.8
165.4
4.1

4,032.1
3,870.0
162.1
4.0

4,031.5
3,871.9
159.7
4.0

4,026.0
3,869.7
156.3
3.9

4,040.1
3,881.8
158.2
3.9

4,038.7
3,873.7
165.0
4.1

4,040.0
3,870.2
169.9
4.2

593.8
556.1
37.7
6.4

593.1
557.0
36.1
6.1

595.5
557.5
38.0
6.4

595.7
557.8
37.9
6.4

596.9
559.5
37.3
6.3

597.8
560.8
37.0
6.2

600.6
562.5
38.1
6.3

600.7
563.3
37.3
6.2

601.4
564.6
36.8
6.1

602.5
565.7
36.9
6.1

600.4
563.7
36.7
6.1

597.6
562.0
35.6
6.0

598.9
563.3
35.6
5.9

645.7
612.0
33.6
5.2

647.1
614.4
32.7
5.0

649.2
617.4
31.8
4.9

651.9
618.7
33.2
5.1

653.3
620.9
32.5
5.0

655.6
623.5
32.1
4.9

658.8
625.9
32.9
5.0

661.3
628.5
32.8
5.0

663.5
631.0
32.4
4.9

665.8
632.9
32.9
4.9

662.2
632.2
30.0
4.5

662.0
631.4
30.6
4.6

663.0
631.6
31.4
4.7

6,208.6
5,926.5
282.1
4.5

6,195.4
5,928.0
267.5
4.3

6,194.5
5,932.5
262.0
4.2

6,215.2
5,932.0
283.1
4.6

6,229.1
5,947.8
281.2
4.5

6,224.1
5,946.0
278.1
4.5

6,239.9
5,958.3
281.6
4.5

6,249.0
5,970.7
278.3
4.5

6,246.4
5,971.3
275.1
4.4

6,248.0
5,983.3
264.7
4.2

6,283.6
6,030.6
253.0
4.0

6,284.4
6,031.2
253.2
4.0

6,296.5
6,058.8
237.8
3.8

3,076.1
2,975.9
100.2
3.3

3,072.3
2,980.3
92.0
3.0

3,070.4
2,977.9
92.5
3.0

3,072.1
2,982.8
89.2
2.9

3,076.4
2,981.1
95.3
3.1

3,084.8
2,991.3
93.5
3.0

3,097.5
3,000.9
96.7
3.1

3,107.2
3,014.5
92.7
3.0

3,116.5
3,022.1
94.4
3.0

3,127.3
3,034.1
93.2
3.0

3,124.8
3,028.7
96.1
3.1

3,138.4
3,048.4
90.0
2.9

3,131.1
3,049.6
81.6
2.6

1,567.0
1,521.0
46.0
2.9

1,565.7
1,521.8
43.9
2.8

1,564.8
1,522.3
42.4
2.7

1,565.2
1,521.9
43.4
2.8

1,564.6
1,522.6
42.0
2.7

1,568.4
1,526.0
42.4
2.7

1,572.3
1,529.9
42.4
2.7

1,572.7
1,531.0
41.7
2.7

1,576.5
1,534.5
42.1
2.7

1,580.8
1,538.9
41.9
2.7

1,589.6
1,543.4
46.2
2.9

1,585.2
1,543.4
41.9
2.6

1,578.8
1,536.7
42.2
2.7

1,392.9
1,338.1
54.7
3.9

1,397.9
1,343.7
54.2
3.9

1,403.2
1,348.3
54.9
3.9

1,407.7
1,352.2
55.5
3.9

1,413.5
1,357.3
56.2
4.0

1,416.2
1,361.5
54.7
3.9

1,420.0
1,365.3
54.7
3.8

1,427.4
1,373.4
54.0
3.8

1,434.2
1,380.4
53.8
3.8

1,436.4
1,384.6
51.8
3.6

1,444.8
1,395.4
49.4
3.4

1,446.3
1,398.5
47.9
3.3

1,446.6
1,396.7
49.9
3.4

1,917.1
1,824.3
92.8
4.8

1,919.6
1,827.8
91.8
4.8

1,920.7
1,829.3
91.4
4.8

1,923.0
1.831.4
91.6
4.8

1,920.6
1,833.9
86.7
4.5

1,924.1
1,836.1
88.0
4.6

1,926.4
1,839.4
87.0
4.5

1,930.6
1.845.5
85.1
4.4

1,932.6
1,849.9
82.8
4.3

1,936.1
1,855.9
80.2
4.1

1,941.0
1,859.3
81.7
4.2

1,942.5
1,860.1
82.4
4.2

1,944.6
1,860.5
84.1
4.3

2,045.4
1,927.4
117.9
5.8

2,064.1
1,939.8
124.3
6.0

2,073.3
1,952.0
121.2
5.8

2,076.4
1,953.5
122.9
5.9

2,076.8
1,950.3
126.5
6.1

2,073.0
1,949.7
123.3
5.9

2,066.4
1,947.9
118.5
5.7

2,065.9
1,956.1
109.8
5.3

2,061.8
1,951.6
110.3
5.3

2,061.3
1,952.4
108.9
5.3

2,068.3
1,960.5
107.8
5.2

2,065.9
1,950.4
115.5
5.6

2,052.9
1,948.5
104.4
5.1

644.6
614.9
29.7
4.6

643.6
616.4
27.1
4.2

645.6
617.1
28.5
4.4

646.4
617.8
28.6
4.4

648.6
619.8
28.8
4.4

650.4
621.4
28.9
4.4

653.1
624.7
28.3
4.3

658.6
630.1
28.5
4.3

662.2
635.5
26.7
4.0

664.7
639.5
25.2
3.8

660.5
637.7
22.8
3.5

663.8
641.8
22.0
3.3

662.9
640.3
22.7
3.4

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. ..

2,737.6
2,605.8
131.8
4.8

2,734.7
2,603.6
131.1
4.8

2,733.6
2.603.2
130.3
4.8

2,736.6
2,608.9
127.7
4.7

2,750.1
2,619.8
130.3
4.7

2,754.6
2,629.1
125.5
4.6

2,760.0
2,641.6
118.4
4.3

2,774.8
2,659.7
115.2
4.2

2,788.6
2,676.1
112.5
4.0

2,806.7
2,696.7
109.9
3.9

2,805.9
2,705.0
100.9
3.6

2,813.2
2,706.9
106.3
3.8

2,810.7
2,706.6
104.1
3.7

3,279.9
3,164.1
115.8
3.5

3,272.9
3,167.4
105.5
3.2

3.280.3
3.165.6
114.7
3.5

3,274.9
3.164.9
110.0
3.4

3,274.4
3,169.0
105.4
3.2

3,270.0
3,164.6
105.5
3.2

3,274.2
3,164.9
109.3
3.3

3,272.7
3,166.5
106.3
3.2

3,264.4
3,163.1
101.3
3.1

3,259.5
3,159.2
100.4
3.1

3,264.6
3,161.7
102.9
3.2

3,265.2
3,170.8
94.5
2.9

3,264.4
3,173.4
91.0
2.8

5,012.7
4,818.7
194.0
3.9

5.017.5
4.831.8
185.6
3.7

5,020.9
4,832.6
188.2
3.7

5,031.9
4,839.4
192.5
3.8

5,011.5
4,796.2
215.3
4.3

5,027.0
4,836.0
191.0
3.8

5,038.8
4,846.7
192.1
3.8

5,054.1
4,861.9
192.2
3.8

5,057.3
4,867.2
190.2
3.8

5,057.8
4,864.5
193.2
3.8

5,059.6
4,869.4
190.2
3.8

5,066.2
4,862.3
203.9
4.0

5,071.4
4,871.2
200.2
3.9

2,658.9
2,587.0
71.8
2.7

2,664.5
2.599.5
65.0
2.4

2,674.6
2.605.7
68.9
2.6

2,679.4
2,612.4
67.0
2.5

2,683.4
2,617.6
65.8
2.5

2,689.2
2,623.9
65.2
2.4

2,695.9
2,623.5
72.3
2.7

2,704.0
2,637.4
66.6
2.5

2,712.5
2,644.1
68.3
2.5

2,715.6
2,650.7
64.9
2.4

2,716.3
2,650.7
65.6
2.4

2,711.6
2,647.8
63.9
2.4

2,705.3
2,645.3
60.0
2.2

1,262.5
1,190.3
72.2
5.7

1,262.1
1,192.7
69.4
5.5

1,262.0
1,194.0
68.0
5.4

1,262.4
1,195.6
66.8
5.3

1,268.1
1,200.9
67.3
5.3

1,266.7
1,199.5
67.2
5.3

1,272.3
1,204.4
68.0
5.3

1,276.6
1,210.4
66.2
5.2

1,281.1
1,214.7
66.4
5.2

1,287.4
1,219.9
67.5
5.2

1,290.9
1,223.3
67.6
5.2

1,276.5
1,221.8
54.7
4.3

1,289.0
1,223.3
65.7
5.1

2.837.8
2,705.3
132.5
4.7

2,841.8
2,712.8
129.0
4.5

2,848.5
2,721.0
127.5
4.5

2.846.6
2,722.0
124.6
4.4

2,846.8
2,724.1
122.6
4.3

2,846.1
2,729.3
116.8
4.1

2,858.7
2,747.6
111.1
3.9

2,874.0
2,766.3
107.6
3.7

2,886.6
2,784.5
102.0
3.5

2,900.1
2,806.1
94.1
3.2

2,885.6
2,811.5
74.1
2.6

2,892.4
2,815.0
77.4
2.7

2,892.1
2,809.5
82.6
2.9

464.5
437.9
26.7
5.7

465.8
439.5
26.3
5.7

466.8
440.3
26.5
5.7

467.7
441.3
26.4
5.7

468.4
442.5
25.9
5.5

468.3
442.5
25.8
5.5

469.3
443.0
26.2
5.6

471.3
444.7
26.6
5.6

472.8
446.2
26.6
5.6

472.8
447.1
25.7
5.4

476.2
451.4
24.8
5.2

475.3
449.5
25.7
5.4

473.2
447.5
25.7
5.4

904.6
878.8
25.9
2.9

907.4
883.2
24.2
2.7

908.9
884.3
24.6
2.7

912.3
887.4
24.8
2.7

918.4
892.2
26.3
2.9

919.1
893.6
25.5
2.8

922.5
897.6
24.9
2.7

927.4
902.7
24.8
2.7

932.6
907.8
24.8
2.7

936.9
913.4
23.5
2.5

935.2
912.9
22.4
2.4

932.4
910.3
22.2
2.4

930.9
909.7
21.2
2.3

909.9
865.8
44.1
4.8

913.4
869.7
43.7
4.8

916.3
873.5
42.8
4.7

921.2
877.9
43.3
4.7

922.2
881.3
40.9
4.4

923.6
884.6
39.1
4.2

925.5
889.0
36.5
3.9

930.3
895.6
34.7
3.7

932.3
899.1
33.2
3.6

933.5
903.0
30.5
3.3

937.9
906.5
31.4
3.3

940.8
908.3
32.4
3.4

941.3
906.1
35.2
3.7

648.8
628.7
20.1
3.1

648.1
628.5
19.6
3.0

648.0
628.7
19.3
3.0

647.4
628.9
18.5
2.9

647.8
630.6
17.3
2.7

648.9
631.5
17.4
2.7

652.4
634.2
18.3
2.8

658.3
639.0
19.3
2.9

661.9
642.9
19.0
2.9

666.5
648.0
18.5
2.8

669.6
651.2
18.3
2.7

673.7
653.8
19.9
3.0

673.5
653.6
19.9
3.0

Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
. .
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




129

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,144.4
3,948.6
195.8
4.7

4,147.0
3,950.1
196.8
4.7

4,145.9
3,950.9
195.0
4.7

4,140.5
3,947.5
193.1
4.7

4,138.4
3,948.0
190.4
4.6

4,141.9
3,953.4
188.5
4.6

4,153.4
3,963.6
189.7
4.6

4,162.4
3,975.6
186.7
4.5

4,173.2
3,987.1
186.1
4.5

4,193.7
4,009.1
184.6
4.4

4,216.3
4,031.9
184.5
4.4

4,219.1
4,047.3
171.9
4.1

4,216.1
4,027.7
188.4
4.5

827.4
777.6
49.7
6.0

827.9
778.3
49.6
6.0

828.8
778.0
50.8
6.1

830.6
778.8
51.8
6.2

831.1
779.6
51.5
6.2

832.4
780.1
52.3
6.3

833.5
780.7
52.7
6.3

836.0
782.5
53.5
6.4

838.2
784.3
53.9
6.4

839.4
785.4
53.9
6.4

838.6
786.6
52.0
6.2

839.7
786.4
53.3
6.3

838.1
786.0
52.1
6.2

8,878.0
8,361.1
516.9
5.8

8,868.2
8,363.5
504.8
5.7

8,871.5
8,373.8
497.7
5.6

8,862.3
8,375.9
486.4
5.5

8,850.1
8,365.8
484.3
5.5

8,854.9
8,374.6
480.3
5.4

8,870.5
8,383.5
487.0
5.5

8,868.0
8,385.5
482.4
5.4

8,873.5
8,389.3
484.2
5.5

8,874.4
8,391.8
482.6
5.4

8,857.0
8,394.7
462.3
5.2

8,878.1
8,403.6
474.6
5.3

8,858.2
8,411.1
447.1
5.0

3,782.6
3,643.2
139.4
3.7

3,779.7
3,644.5
135.3
3.6

3,773.3
3,643.2
130.1
3.4

3,767.2
3,639.7
127.6
3.4

3,784.8
3,658.6
126.2
3.3

3,791.7
3,659.1
132.6
3.5

3,797.8
3,669.0
128.9
3.4

3,812.6
3,683.5
129.1
3.4

3,820.0
3,696.1
124.0
3.2

3,833.8
3,713.9
119.9
3.1

3,858.3
3,740.3
118.0
3.1

3,846.4
3,727.4
119.0
3.1

3,851.2
3,729.7
121.5
3.2

348.7
336.2
12.5
3.6

347.7
336.4
11.3
3.2

347.8
336.3
11.5
3.3

347.5
335.6
11.9
3.4

346.8
335.3
11.5
3.3

346.5
334.7
11.8
3.4

346.1
335.0
11.0
3.2

345.6
335.2
10.4
3.0

345.4
335.5
9.9
2.9

345.1
336.0
9.1
2.6

346.5
337.3
9.2
2.6

345.9
336.3
9.7
2.8

344.8
334.7
10.0
2.9

5,626.7
5,388.6
238.0
4.2

5,625.0
5,395.6
229.4
4.1

5,641.3
5,399.2
242.1
4.3

5,649.8
5,402.2
247.6
4.4

5,665.4
5,392.1
273.3
4.8

5,676.3
5,429.2
247.1
4.4

5,699.3
5,455.9
243.4
4.3

5,728.1
5,487.2
240.9
4.2

5,754.6
5,520.8
233.8
4.1

5,791.1
5,561.7
229.4
4.0

5,802.5
5,565.8
236.7
4.1

5,820.1
5,574.6
245.5
4.2

5,800.9
5,576.7
224.3
3.9

1,614.9
1,542.6
72.3
4.5

1,619.2
1,545.7
73.5
4.5

1,620.9
1,547.9
73.0
4.5

1,625.0
1,549.3
75.8
4.7

1,633.2
1,551.5
81.7
5.0

1,630.2
1.555.4
74.9
4.6

1,634.6
1,559.7
74.8
4.6

1,639.0
1,564.1
74.9
4.6

1,642.6
1,569.1
73.5
4.5

1,647.9
1,574.7
73.2
4.4

1,644.9
1,580.5
64.3
3.9

1,646.9
1,579.2
67.8
4.1

1,647.1
1,577.3
69.8
4.2

1,752.8
1,656.4
96.4
5.5

1,752.0
1,654.9
97.0
5.5

1,752.6
1,654.6
98.0
5.6

1,752.7
1.653.1
99.6
5.7

1,756.8
1,658.3
98.5
5.6

1,759.7
1,659.7
99.9
5.7

1,768.6
1,667.5
101.2
5.7

1,777.5
1,676.8
100.7
5.7

1,778 0
1,679.4
98.7
5.5

1,775.7
1,677.5
98.2
5.5

1,775.3
1,676.0
99.3
5.6

1 790.4
1,687.7
102.7
5.7

1,786.5
1,686.7
99.8
5.6

5,945.4
5,660.2
285.2
4.8

5,937.5
5,663.9
273.7
4.6

5,936.9
5,661.1
275.8
4.6

5,927.4
5,652.5
274.9
4.6

5,931.5
5,658.1
273.5
4.6

5,930.8
5,657.8
273.0
4.6

5,932.1
5,659.6
272.6
4.6

5,926.1
5,657.0
269.1
4.5

5,928.4
5,662.8
265.7
4.5

5,930.2
5,668.0
262.2
4.4

5,945.7
5,686.5
259.2
4.4

5,986.5
5,725.6
260.9
4.4

6,003.9
5,738.2
265.7
4.4

498.3
472.0
26.4
5.3

497.3
471.6
25.7
5.2

496.4
471.4
24.9
5.0

495.7
471.5
24.2
4.9

496.8
472.9
23.9
4.8

497.1
472.8
24.3
4.9

498.7
474.9
23.9
4.8

499.2
475.8
23.4
4.7

499.2
477.1
22.1
4.4

500.7
480.1
20.6
4.1

499.0
476.6
22.4
4.5

497.7
478.3
19.4
3.9

502.6
487.6
15.0
3.0

New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




130

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

1998
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

1,946.9
1,880.2
66.8
3.4

1,952.7
1,881.7
71.0
3.6

1.955.7
1,881.9
73.9
3.8

1,959.1
1,884.8
74.3
3.8

1,967.3
1,890.1
77.2
3.9

1,965.0
1.887.9
77 A
3.9

1,962.8
1,887.3
75.5
3.8

1.966.7
1,889.1
77.6
3.9

1,967.2
1,889.4
77.8
4.0

1,966.9
1.890.2
76.7
3.9

1.973.4
1.900.3
73.1
3.7

1.981.7
1,899.0
82.7
4.2

1,968.7
1,895.1
73.6
3.7

396.3
384.2
12.1
3.0

396.7
385.1
11.6
2.9

397.7
386.2
11.5
2.9

398.4
386.8
11.6
2.9

398.5
387.1
11.5
2.9

398.4
387.5
11.0
2.8

399.3
388.3
10.9
2.7

399.7
388.8
10.9
2.7

400.1
389.1
11.1
2.8

399.5
389.3
10.2
2.6

400.0
389.7
10.3
2.6

401.1
390.9
10.1
2.5

400.7
390.7
10.0
2.5

2,731.1
2,610.3
120.9
4.4

2,739.9
2,622.6
117.3
4.3

2,748.4
2,633.4
115.0
4.2

2,757.5
2,646.4
111.0
4.0

2,767.5
2,657.5
110.0
4.0

2,773.4
2,660.5
112.9
4.1

2,779.0
2,664.6
114.4
4.1

2,788.6
2.674.1
114.5
4.1

2,792.2
2.678.6
113.6
4.1

2,799.6
2,683.9
115.7
4.1

2,813.6
2,694.2
119.4
4.2

2,815.1
2.692.2
122.8
4.4

2.804.1
2,684.0
120.1
4.3

10.022.1
9,547.8
474.3
4.7

10,052.7
9,577.3
475.3
4.7

10,078.5
9,601.8
476.6
4.7

10.122.2
9,624.6
497.6
4.9

10,143.0
9,650.3
492.8
4.9

10,166.3
9,673.1
493.3
4.9

10.188.5
9,692.6
495.9
4.9

10.202.4
9.715.0
487.4
4.8

10,223.3
9,733.6
489.7
4.8

10,240.3
9,749.9
490.3
4.8

10.284.5
9.798.8
485.6
4.7

10.299.4
9,820.8
478.6
4.6

10.292.1
9,831.9
460.2
4.5

1,050.2
1,009.1
41.1
3.9

1.052.4
1.010.3
42.1
4.0

1,053.7
1,012.4
41.3
3.9

1,057.0
1,015.5
41.5
3.9

1,062.1
1,019.4
42.7
4.0

1,064.7
1,023.8
40.9
3.8

1,069.1
1,029.9
39.2
3.7

1,075.2
1,036.7
38.4
3.6

1,081.0
1,044.2
36.8
3.4

1,088.1
1.052.5
35.6
3.3

1,094.5
1.057.7
36.7
3.4

1,098.5
1.063.4
35.0
3.2

1,106.0
1,068.7
37.3
3.4

328.2
316.5
11.7
3.6

327.6
317.0
10.6
3.2

327.9
316.8
11.1
3.4

328.6
317.6
11.1
3.4

330.0
318.9
11.1
3.4

331.1
320.0
11.1
3.3

331.4
320.4
11.0
3.3

332.8
321.7
11.0
3.3

334.3
324.0
10.3
3.1

335.8
325.8
10.0
3.0

336.1
325.6
10.5
3.1

338.7
328.0
10.7
3.2

339.5
329.0
10.5
3.1

3,433.7
3,332.5
101.2
2.9

3,444.8
3.347.1
97.7
2.8

3,460.1
3,360.3
99.8
2.9

3,472.9
3.372.7
100.2
2.9

3,481.0
3,383.8
97.2
2.8

3.499.9
3,400.2
99.8
2.9

3,521.3
3,419.8
101.4
2.9

3.540.5
3,438.4
102.1
2.9

3,560.3
3,456.7
103.6
2.9

3,585.9
3,480.2
105.6
2.9

3,589.3
3.494.6
94.7
2.6

3.587.5
3.493.6
93.9
2.6

3,580.1
3.481.1
99.0
2.8

3,017.8
2,879.0
138.8
4.6

3,017.7
2,877.7
140.0
4.6

3,028.6
2,885.7
142.9
4.7

3,029.2
2,884.7
144.6
4.8

3,038.7
2,892.7
146.0
4.8

3,039.9
2,893.3
146.5
4.8

3,050.7
2,899.4
151.3
5.0

3,064.5
2.914.7
149.8
4.9

3,068.0
2,918.8
149.2
4.9

3.078.2
2,927.6
150.6
4.9

3,081.1
2,936.6
144.5
4.7

3,089.4
2,937.1
152.3
4.9

3,080.6
2.939.3
141.3
4.6

799.6
742.3
57.3
7.2

796.8
742.0
54.8
6.9

804.0
749.2
54.8
6.8

799.2
743.8
55.4
6.9

800.8
746.2
54.6
6.8

799.2
745.4
53.7
6.7

799.5
746.8
52.7
6.6

802.3
750.7
51.7
6.4

802.1
752.5
49.6
6.2

803.8
755.5
48.4
6.0

812.4
760.1
52.3
6.4

810.2
763.8
46.4
5.7

812.8
758.6
54.2
6.7

2,930.7
2.837.1
93.6
3.2

2,932.4
2,846.2
86.2
2.9

2,939.6
2,846.0
93.7
3.2

2,945.9
2,848.1
97.8
3.3

2,955.5
2,848.7
106.8
3.6

2,952.9
2,850.8
102.1
3.5

2.960.0
2,856.0
104.1
3.5

2,969.4
2,862.6
106.8
3.6

2,979.3
2,872.0
107.4
3.6

2,986.2
2.879.9
106.3
3.6

2.997.3
2.891.3
105.9
3.5

2,985.2
2.884.8
100.4
3.4

2,976.0
2,880.2
95.8
3.2

256.2
243.7
12.5
4.9

256.9
244.7
12.2
4.8

258.1
245.6
12.5
4.9

258.5
245.7
12.7
4.9

259.0
246.6
12.4
4.8

259.0
246.6
12.4
4.8

259.1
246.7
12.4
4.8

259.8
247.5
12.4
4.8

259.9
247.6
12.3
4.7

259.6
247.9
11.7
4.5

260.5
248.4
12.1
4.6

260.4
248.4
12.0
4.6

260.4
249.1
11.3
4.3

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

1998

February

March

1999

1998

1999P

1998

March

1999

1998

March

February

1999P

1998

1999

1998

1999P

2,137.2
54.4
466.8
72.7
65.7
69.6
49.2
169.0
265.2
160.6
83.0

2,148.2
55.1
473.4
72.4
65.7
68.6
50.4
171.1
272.0
164.0
84.6

2,132.4
54.3
467.7
72.5
65.5
68.3
49.4
169.6
266.6
160.3
83.0

2,158.5
55.0
476.7
73.0
66.3
68.1
50.4
171.6
275.1
165.3
85.8

97.7
2.6
13.6
3.2
2.6
6.1
2.3
5.3
10.7
5.7
2.4

90.4
2.5
12.7
3.0
2.5
3.9
3.4
5.5
10.4
4.9
2.1

82.3
2.1
11.7
2.7
2.1
4.8
1.8
4.6
9.0
4.8
2.0

83.4
2.3
12.0
2.7
2.2
3.4
3.3
4.9
10.0
4.6
2.0

4.6
4.7
2.9
4.4
4.0
8.8
4.7
3.1
4.0
3.6
2.9

4.2
4.6
2.7
4.1
3.8
5.7
6.7
3.2
3.8
3.0
2.5

3.9
3.9
2.5
3.8
3.2
7.0
3.7
2.7
3.4
3.0
2.4

3.9
4.2
2.5
3.7
3.4
5.0
6.6
2.9
3.6
2.8
2.4

310.2
139.1

313.0
141.6

310.4
139.6

312.4
141.4

23.9
7.1

25.3
7.6

20.7
6.4

22.4
6.8

7.7
5.1

8.1
5.3

6.7
4.6

7.2
4.8

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,192.2
58.9
1,455.4
360.1
56.4

2,351.4
60.2
1,568.2
389.2
60.9

2,207.3
59.1
1,465.1
362.2
56.9

2,359.6
62.5
1,571.2
389.3
61.5

84.0
5.1
37.4
10.5
10.2

85.8
3.0
44.1
9.9
9.1

82.9
4.6
37.0
10.3
10.3

87.3
4.7
44.7
9.8
8.5

3.8
8.7
2.6
2.9
18.1

3.6
5.0
2.8
2.5
14.9

3.8
7.8
2.5
2.8
18.2

3.7
7.5
2.8
2.5
13.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,183.1
133.8
93.1
39.7
288.1
35.2

1,236.1
141.8
96.5
42.1
300.8
36.8

1,195.4
135.9
93.7
40.3
291.0
35.4

1,241.5
143.0
96.8
42.3
302.5
36.8

76.6
5.6
5.7
2.0
13.0
3.2

68.0
4.2
4.8
1.7
10.5
3.0

73.7
5.5
5.5
1.9
12.8
3.1

57.7
3.6
4.1
1.4
9.1
2.6

6.5
4.2
6.2
5.0
4.5
9.1

5.5
3.0
5.0
4.0
3.5
8.3

6.2
4.1
5.9
4.8
4.4
8.8

4.6
2.5
4.2
3.3
3.0
7.1

16,154.1
276.5
85.8
417.3
4,596.3
85.0
198.6
1,179.8
1,422.0
72.7
1,369.3
752.1
185.5
1,305.3
932.6
958.7
108.9
192.9
140.5
242.4
245.2
237.8
382.8
161.3
87.1
56.6

16,383.1
277.3
88.1
423.2
4,605.8
86.0
200.7
1,205.5
1,457.1
71.1
1,416.7
765.5
186.3
1,334.3
951.9
964.0
108.1
194.0
140.7
250.8
246.7
246.5
391.8
162.9
87.1
56.8

16,183.6
274.7
85.0
413.2
4,616.1
84.2
197.7
1,181.3
1,422.6
72.3
1.373.3
754.4
183.6
1,304.2
935.6
959.8
107.3
195.0
141.2
244.5
247.8
239.3
384.5
162.0
86.8
56.5

16,455.9
278.2
87.8
422.7
4,630.5
86.6
202.2
1,209.3
1,468.8
71.4
1,420.1
767.6
187.3
1,335.1
952.9
968.8
108.3
195.9
142.6
253.1
249.6
247.1
394.9
164.7
87.8
57.1

1,049.4
38.9
9.0
71.6
296.2
17.2
30.3
49.3
41.7
8.7
86.8
42.3
33.2
47.4
28.7
28.7
5.0
10.8
14.9
10.2
32.3
15.1
21.5
28.8
6.8
11.1

1,002.4
38.8
7.5
69.6
304.4
15.5
26.5
44.4
40.4
7.1
77.0
35.7
30.6
45.0
25.4
34.2
4.1
10.0
13.8
8.1
28.4
12.8
19.6
32.2
5.8
9.7

979.7
39.6
8.0
69.1
289.0
15.7
27.5
44.8
38.7
7.6
78.8
37.5
27.4
43.9
27.1
26.6
4.4
10.2
13.8
8.5
28.8
13.0
18.5
28.9
5.8
10.5

962.2
40.9
7.2
71.4
288.9
14.8
26.3
41.9
38.7
6.9
72.5
33.8
27.2
42.2
24.1
32.6
3.9
9.4
13.1
7.7
26.6
12.3
17.5
34.4
5.3
9.6

6.5
14.1
10.5
17.2
6.4
20.2
15.2
4.2
2.9
12.0
6.3
5.6
17.9
3.6
3.1
3.0
4.5
5.6
10.6
4.2
13.2
6.3
5.6
17.9
7.8
19.7

6.1
14.0
8.5
16.4
6.6
18.0
13.2
3.7
2.8
10.0
5.4
4.7
16.4
3.4
2.7
3.6
3.8
5.2
9.8
3.2
11.5
5.2
5.0
19.8
6.6
17.0

6.1
14.4
9.4
16.7
6.3
18.6
13.9
3.8
2.7
10.5
5.7
5.0
14.9
3.4
2.9
2.8
4.1
5.2
9.8
3.5
11.6
5.4
4.8
17.9
6.7
18.5

5.8
14.7
8.2
16.9
6.2
17.1
13.0
3.5
2.6
9.7
5.1
4.4
14.5
3.2
2.5
3.4
3.6
4.8
9.2
3.0
10.7
5.0
4.4
20.9
6.1
16.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland..
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

2,184.4
168.3
247.9
1,093.5
135.3
56.4
83.1
61.3

2,221.7
171.1
250.9
1,117.1
140.2
57.8
81.4
60.2

2,198.5
169.4
248.0
1,101.6
135.2
57.2
83.2
61.8

2,238.2
173.0
252.1
1,124.2
140.7
58.1
82.4
60.4

86.3
5.3
10.8
35.5
5.2
3.1
3.6
5.0

62.7
4.1
7.8
25.7
4.3
2.4
2.8
2.9

88.7
5.5
11.6
36.2
5.4
3.1
3.8
5.1

62.9
4.2
7.9
25.8
4.3
2.2
2.8
2.9

4.0
3.2
4.4
3.2
3.8
5.5
4.4
8.2

2.8
2.4
3.1
2.3
3.1
4.1
3.5
4.8

4.0
3.3
4.7
3.3
4.0
5.4
4.5
8.3

2.8
2.4
3.1
2.3
3.0
3.9
3.4
4.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden ...
New London-Norwich .
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,679.8
216.0
107.0
572.9
267.1
149.2
188.3
113.6

1,698.6
217.1
108.4
580.1
272.2
150.6
190.0
114.3

1,694.9
218.5
108.5
578.8
267.3
149.9
190.5
114.5

1,708.7
218.4
109.2
584.6
272.3
151.0
191.8
114.7

70.7
10.5
3.0
25.2
10.6
7.3
5.2
5.8

62.5
9.7
3.1
22.2
9.2
5.8
4.8
5.3

62.2
9.3
2.7
21.9
9.4
6.4
4.6
5.2

56.0
8.8
2.8
19.9
8.2
4.9
4.4
4.8

4.2
4.9
2.8
4.4
4.0
4.9
2.7
5.1

3.7
4.5
2.9
3.8
3.4
3.8
2.6
4.6

3.7
4.3
2.5
3.8
3.5
4.3
2.4
4.6

3.3
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.0
3.2
2.3
4.2

386.8
67.2
293.6

396.9
69.2
299.3

388.4
67.8
293.8

398.7
69.8
300.0

18.2
3.3
14.9

14.9
2.8
10.7

16.5
3.3
12.9

13.4
2.7
9.5

4.7
4.9
5.1

3.8
4.0
3.6

4.2
4.9
4.4

3.4
3.9
3.2

Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham ..
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery.
Tuscaloosa ..
Alaska
Anchorage .

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles .
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark .

See footnotes at end of table.




132

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

1998

March

1998

1999

1998

1999P

19.0
67.6

9.7
3.7

7.8
2.9

9.3
3.3

7.1
2.6

294.0
6.5
34.8
5.1
7.7
2.7
2.6
16.6
8.6
8.4
65.0
2.7
3.8
23.9
4.5
6.7
1.6
6.1
4.3
35.8
24.5

285.5
6.7
32.9
4.5
7.2
2.7
2.4
16.9
8.2
8.6
64.1
2.5
3.6
23.8
4.1
6.2
1.6
5.5
4.0
33.5
24.4

4.2
3.5
4.6
3.0
6.9
3.9
2.6
3.2
4.5
4.0
6.3
3.2
4.2
2.9
7.5
4.2
4.1
2.6
3.1
3.2
5.0

4.0
3.5
4.4
2.6
6.5
3.6
2.3
3.1
4.3
4.4
6.3
2.8
4.0
2.9
7.5
3.7
3.7
2.3
2.8
2.9
4.9

4.1
3.5
4.7
2.9
6.5
3.5
2.6
3.2
4.5
4.2
6.3
3.0
4.0
2.9
6.9
4.0
3.6
2.4
3.0
3.1
5.0

3.9
3.4
4.3
2.5
6.0
3.3
2.3
3.1
4.1
4.1
6.2
2.6
3.7
2.8
6.1
3.6
3.5
2.1
2.7
2.8
4.7

166.7
5.2
1.9
68.6
10.2
6.5
7.1
5.6

174.2
4.8
2.5
72.7
10.7
5.7
8.3
5.7

168.3
5.0
2.2
70.8
9.6
6.1
7.4
5.4

4.5
7.1
3.2
3.4
5.8
4.5
5.5
4.3

4.1
9.1
2.7
3.2
5.0
5.2
4.7
4.2

4.3
8.2
3.2
3.4
5.2
4.5
5.4
4.3

4.2
8.8
3.0
3.3
4.8
4.9
5.0
4.1

36.4
22.1

34.6
21.8

36.0
21.5

33.6
21.3

6.2
5.2

5.8
5.1

6.1
5.0

5.7
4.9

656.6
227.9
40.4

42.0
9.4
2.4

39.1
8.9
2.3

40.1
8.7
2.3

38.0
8.2
2.0

6.6
4.3
6.0

6.0
3.9
5.5

6.3
4.0
5.6

5.8
3.6
5.0

6.165.7
83.8
94.1
4.115.9
185.2
57.1
51.8
182.3
194.5
105.7

6,248.3
86.2
94.7
4,191.4
185.2
56.4
52.1
184.6
194.9
106.3

312.1
2.5
2.9
196.2
7.6
3.6
3.4
8.0
9.9
4.8

280.0
2.1
2.7
174.3
9.6
2.6
3.3
7.5
9.5
4.1

297.0
2.4
3.1
186.4
7.2
3.4
3.4
7.6
9.2
4.7

250.1
1.8
2.3
158.7
8.1
2.3
2.9
6.5
8.3
3.7

5.1
3.0
3.1
4.8
4.1
6.3
6.6
4.4
5.1
4.6

4.5
2.4
2.9
4.2
5.2
4.7
6.3
4.1
4.9
3.9

4.8
2.9
3.3
4.5
3.9
5.9
6.5
4.2
4.8
4.5

4.0
2.1
2.5
3.8
4.4
4.1
5.5
3.5
4.3
3.5

3,093.6
61.6
96.5
158.4
264.7
303.4
839.6
50.6
91.4
62.6
136.6
70.2

3.050.0
61.5
93.4
154.1
261.8
298.7
823.9
50.2
89.6
62.8
134.5
69.8

3,104.9
61.2
97.3
158.7
265.2
303.3
842.7
50.8
91.0
62.6
136.9
69.9

114.2
1.6
2.8
6.5
8.3
13.8
23.6
1.8
2.4
3.0
4.8
4.3

101.9
1.6
2.1
5.5
8.6
12.6
21.5
1.5
2.2
2.5
4.3
3.5

109.8
1.5
2.6
6.0
8.1
13.9
22.8
1.7
2.4
3.0
4.5
4.2

91.1
1.4
1.8
4.8
7.4
12.0
19.2
1.4
2.0
2.2
3.8
3.1

3.8
2.6
3.0
4.2
3.2
4.6
2.9
3.5
2.7
4.8
3.6
6.2

3.3
2.7
2.1
3.5
3.2
4.2
2.6
3.0
2.5
4.1
3.1
5.0

3.6
2.5
2.7
3.9
3.1
4.7
2.8
3.4
2.7
4.7
3.3
6.0

2.9
2.4
1.8
3.0
2.8
3.9
2.3
2.7
2.2
3.6
2.7
4.4

1.572.0
112.2
258.5
49.0
65.6
65.8
70.1

1.559.8
111.3
254.1
48.8
67.0
64.6
70.2

1,570.9
111.0
256.9
48.7
65.9
65.5
69.5

55.2
2.7
6.6
2.1
1.5
2.3
2.8

51.7
2.5
5.9
1.9
1.5
2.1
2.8

55.9
2.7
7.0
2.1
1.5
2.2
2.8

51.3
2.5
5.9
1.8
1.5
2.1
2.9

3.6
2.5
2.6
4.3
2.3
3.5
4.0

3.3
2.3
2.3
3.9
2.3
3.2
4.0

3.6
2.5
2.7
4.3
2.3
3.5
3.9

3.3
2.3
2.3
3.6
2.3
3.1
4.1

1999

1998

1998

1999

1998

1999P

District of Columbia
Washington

263.3
2,500.7

267.0
2,598.8

265.9
2,510.6

267.5
2,610.1

25.6
93.2

20.7
75.1

24.7
82.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,040.5
187.3
739.3
171.7
118.3
76.8
100.3
516.5
193.7
197.9
1,014.7
91.0
93.8
814.5
62.8
165.9
44.6
252.6
142.1
1,144.7
486.2

7,332.9
193.0
761.9
178.1
120.9
79.3
103.8
538.1
199.3
207.6
1,036.4
96.8
98.0
856.9
64.9
173.2
45.6
264.7
146.4
1,208.3
522.2

7,085.8
186.4
745.7
173.2
118.7
77.9
100.8
520.6
193.9
199.3
1,025.6
91.5
94.0
820.6
65.1
167.5
44.8
252.7
143.0
1,147.2
490.7

7.361.5
193.1
765.2
178.3
120.6
81.1
104.3
541.2
199.3
207.8
1,039.4
98.2
97.9
863.4
67.0
174.4
45.9
265.1
146.8
1,209.1
523.3

294.8
6.6
33.9
5.1
8.2
3.0
2.6
16.7
8.7
7.9
63.5
2.9
3.9
24.0
4.7
6.9
1.8
6.6
4.4
36.3
24.4

295.8
6.8
33.6
4.7
7.8
2.9
2.4
16.4
8.5
9.2
65.6
2.7
3.9
24.7
4.9
6.5
1.7
6.1
4.1
34.8
25.7

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

3,986.3
58.0
75.4
2,122.9
205.6
125.1
153.2
134.8

4,024.9
57.4
72.5
2,115.1
202.5
125.4
150.0
132.8

4,006.2
58.5
76.0
2,140.2
206.2
125.9
153.9
134.5

4,038.5
57.0
73.0
2,117.1
202.2
125.0
149.5
132.2

177.5
4.1
2.4
72.6
11.9
5.7
8.5
5.8

Hawaii
Honolulu

591.5
426.4

596.0
428.7

591.9
426.2

597.2
429.4

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

636.2
219.6
40.1

654.8
227.7
40.7

639.3
220.4
40.2

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6.150.9
84.1
93.5
4,105.3
184.9
57.0
51.8
181.8
194.1
105.7

6,220.8
86.0
94.1
4,169.6
185.9
56.3
52.2
184.0
193.9
106.1

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,033.0
62.0
92.5
153.5
260.4
298.2
817.3
50.1
89.8
62.5
134.1
69.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,555.4
110.4
253.3
48.8
65.7
64.7
70.0

See footnotes at end of table.




February

March

February

March

133

1999P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

1998

1999

February

March

1998

1999P

1998

March

1999

1998

March

February

1999P

1998

1999

1998

1999P

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

1,377.6
53.4
89.3
282.5

1,433.2
55.9
91.7
294.5

1,385.4
54.3
89.2
282.7

1,438.1
56.5
91.3
295.7

57.4
2.3
4.4
9.5

52.9
2.2
3.6
10.2

56.1
2.4
4.5
8.7

51.3
2.1
3.3
10.0

4.2
4.4
5.0
3.4

3.7
3.9
4.0
3.5

4.0
4.4
5.1
3.1

3.6
3.7
3.7
3.4

Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .

1,884.3
247.4
536.2
48.0

1,909.0
252.0
546.9
48.8

1,893.3
248.6
539.6
48.3

1,920.5
254.7
551.2
49.3

103.8
6.2
20.5
2.4

92.5
5.7
16.6
2.3

95.2
5.8
19.1
2.3

86.2
5.6
15.9
2.3

5.5
2.5
3.8
5.0

4.8
2.3
3.0
4.7

5.0
2.3
3.5
4.7

4.5
2.2
2.9
4.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City.

2,010.4
58.0
290.0
92.4
176.0
90.6
69.5
607.5
182.5

2,031.5
59.0
299.7
94.7
179.4
91.2
70.1
611.0
184.7

2,032.5
58.6
293.1
93.3
178.4
91.5
70.1
613.7
185.3

2,039.7
59.1
301.2
94.9
180.3
91.1
70.3
612.3
186.4

107.5
2.9
12.6
2.8
9.5
4.3
3.7
27.1
10.8

109.0
2.9
11.9
4.4
10.5
4.4
3.0
26.3
9.6

111.1
3.0
12.7
3.0
9.8
4.5
3.7
28.7
11.3

97.3
2.4
10.4
4.1
10.1
3.9
2.6
23.5
8.3

5.3
5.0
4.3
3.0
5.4
4.8
5.4
4.5
5.9

5.4
4.8
4.0
4.6
5.9
4.8
4.3
4.3
5.2

5.5
5.2
4.3
3.2
5.5
5.0
5.3
4.7
6.1

4.8
4.1
3.5
4.3
5.6
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.5

633.9
49.2
50.9
128.4

651.5
51.9
53.0
135.0

638.7
49.6
50.8
129.4

656.6
51.1
53.0
136.2

38.3
2.2
3.2
4.2

30.2
1.6
2.3
2.9

36.3
2.0
2.9
3.8

29.1
1.5
2.1
2.8

6.0
4.4
6.2
3.2

4.6
3.1
4.3
2.2

5.7
4.1
5.7
3.0

4.4
3.0
4.0
2.0

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland .
Hagerstown .

2,708.6
1,279.0
44.8
68.5

2,777.7
1,310.0
46.0
70.4

2,709.7
1,279.2
44.7
68.9

2,782.5
1,310.5
46.2
70.8

147.1
72.9
4.4
4.1

119.0
60.5
4.2
3.6

131.7
68.0
3.9
3.7

103.8
53.0
3.9
3.1

5.4
5.7
9.7
6.0

4.3
4.6
9.1
5.1

4.9
5.3
8.8
5.4

3.7
4.0
8.4
4.4

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth.
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,248.8
67.0
1,807.6
129.6
68.6
197.0
163.7
82.2
39.6
283.5
253.1

3,234.0
68.4
1,798.7
131.8
68.4
196.9
167.0
82.5
39.2
279.8
249.9

3,263.4
67.5
1,815.4
129.7
69.4
198.2
164.7
82.6
39.6
285.4
254.0

3,246.7
68.7
1,804.9
132.0
69.1
198.4
167.3
82.6
39.2
281.3
251.9

129.1
4.8
56.8
5.6
3.1
9.2
6.0
7.2
2.2
13.2
9.4

107.6
3.8
47.1
4.6
2.8
8.9
5.4
5.7
1.9
10.8
8.2

133.2
4.7
58.7
5.9
3.2
9.4
6.3
7.2
2.3
13.6
9.7

108.2
3.6
47.9
4.6
2.9
9.0
5.6
5.5
2.0
10.7
8.2

4.0
7.1
3.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
3.7
8.7
5.6
4.6
3.7

3.3
5.5
2.6
3.5
4.1
4.5
3.3
6.9
4.8
3.9
3.3

4.1
7.0
3.2
4.6
4.6
4.8
3.8
8.7
5.8
4.8
3.8

3.3
5.2
2.7
3.5
4.1
4.6
3.3
6.7
5.0
3.8
3.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,965.0
294.7
81.1
2,230.1
199.4
585.2
75.2
229.6
245.2
196.7

5,017.3
298.2
81.3
2,251.9
198.2
597.2
76.1
230.2
243.1
198.4

4,979.5
296.2
81.5
2,237.1
199.8
586.3
75.7
230.8
244.4
197.1

5,037.4
299.7
81.7
2,259.4
198.8
601.1
76.5
231.6
241.2
199.5

226.5
7.4
4.2
86.8
11.3
20.4
3.5
9.3
10.4
10.6

232.8
8.5
3.9
93.0
11.2
22.1
3.3
9.4
7.5
10.5

218.5
7.2
4.2
82.9
10.7
20.1
3.2
9.0
8.9
10.3

224.6
7.7
3.8
86.8
10.8
21.3
3.3
9.4
7.3
10.8

4.6
2.5
5.2
3.9
5.6
3.5
4.7
4.0
4.2
5.4

4.6
2.8
4.8
4.1
5.7
3.7
4.4
4.1
3.1
5.3

4.4
2.4
5.2
3.7
5.4
3.4
4.2
3.9
3.7
5.2

4.5
2.6
4.7
3.8
5.4
3.5
4.3
4.0
3.0
5.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul..
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,616.0
121.9
1,633.4
68.3
93.5

2,673.2
123.5
1,678.6
69.7
93.6

2,634.5
123.0
1,649.3
68.9
93.3

2,680.5
123.2
1,689.0
70.3
93.4

82.9
5.9
36.9
1.3
4.0

75.6
5.4
33.6
1.3
3.3

82.6
6.1
36.5
1.3
3.8

70.6
5.1
31.9
1.2
3.1

3.2
4.8
2.3
1.9
4.3

2.8
4.4
2.0
1.9
3.5

3.1
5.0
2.2
1.9
4.1

2.6
4.1
1.9
1.8
3.3

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula .
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,257.7
165.6
50.5
221.1

1,273.2
168.5
50.5
225.6

1,260.1
165.6
50.9
222.1

1.286.7
174.1
50.4
227.2

70.8
6.2
1.6
7.5

55.5
4.6
1.2
6.0

72.6
6.3
2.0
7.6

66.3
5.6
1.5
7.1

5.6
3.7
3.1
3.4

4.4
2.7
2.4
2.7

5.8
3.8
3.8
3.4

5.1
3.2
3.0
3.1

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City ....
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA .
Springfield

2,820.1

2,863.3
83.3
83.7
985.2
50.0
1,320.9
166.3

2,811.3
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
0)

2,865.3
83.6
83.3
986.7
49.9
1,324.4
167.3

142.0

89.5
0.9
2.1
30.7
1.7
43.3
3.5

137.4

87.4
0.8
2.1
29.6
1.9
41.4
3.5

5.0

4.9

(D
(D
d)
(D

3.1
1.1
2.5
3.1
3.3
3.3
2.1

(D
(D
(D
0)
0)
(D

3.0
1.0
2.5
3.0
3.7
3.1
2.1

471.3
70.8
38.1
51.4

462.3
71.2
38.1
52.0

471.0
73.0
38.0
51.4

6.8
5.1
6.4
5.6

6.6
4.4
6.7
4.8

6.6
5.2
6.2
4.9

6.3
4.3
6.3
4.5

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn.
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls .
Missoula ....

0)
0)
(1)

0)
0)
(D
459.6
70.6
37.8
52.0

See footnotes at end of table.




134

(D
d)
0)
d)
(D
d)
31.5
3.6
2.4
2.9

30.9
3.1
2.5
2.5

0)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
30.7
3.7
2.4
2.5

29.8
3.1
2.4
2.3

(D
(1)

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

1998

1999

February

March
1998

1998

1999P

March

1999

1998

March

February

1999P

1998

1999

1998

1999P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

893.9
140.4
381.9

922.5
145.4
393.1

897.1
140.9
381.4

923.4
146.5
392.9

27.3
3.4
11.9

25.5
3.1
9.7

27.7
3.6
12.0

23.1
2.9
9.1

3.1
2.5
3.1

2.8
2.1
2.5

3.1
2.6
3.1

2.5
2.0
2.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

902.8
682.8
172.6

936.3
718.3
175.3

900.9
681.4
172.6

932.2
714.9
174.6

45.1
30.7
8.9

33.6
22.5
7.0

41.9
29.5
7.6

33.1
23.2
6.2

5.0
4.5
5.1

3.6
3.1
4.0

4.7
4.3
4.4

3.5
3.2
3.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

641.8
101.9
101.0
120.9

666.3
106.3
105.0
125.7

643.7
102.2
101.7
121.2

107.2
105.0
125.7

22.5
3.0
3.1
3.6

22.2
3.3
3.5
3.4

22.4
3.0
3.1
3.4

22.2
3.2
3.5
3.4

3.5
3.0
3.1
3.0

3.3
3.1
3.3
2.7

3.5
2.9
3.0
2.8

3.3
3.0
3.3
2.7

4,120.4
167.8
668.1
281.2
629.7
503.8
1,001.9
167.4
64.7

4,185.1
167.5
681.9
284.0
642.0
510.5
1,025.2
168.0
64.8

4,126.1
168.0
669.3
281.8
630.1
504.9
1,002.4
167.7
65.0

4,197.5
168.6
685.4
284.4
643.5
514.4
1,026.5
167.8
64.8

211.2
17.8
31.8
21.2
22.4
25.6
48.3
7.6
6.6

186.7
15.9
29.3
19.0
19.2
22.4
43.4
6.7
5.7

203.7
17.1
31.0
20.9
21.6
24.0
46.7
7.3

195.9
16.3
31.4
20.5
20.1
22.8
46.1
7.0
5.8

5.1
10.6
4.8
7.6
3.6
5.1
4.8
4.6
10.2

4.5
9.5
4.3
6.7
3.0
4.4
4.2
4.0
8.8

4.9
10.2
4.6
7.4
3.4
4.7
4.7
4.3
10.2

4.7
9.7
4.6
7.2
3.1
4.4
4.5
4.2
9.0

819.2
358.5
66.9
73.1

834.1
365.3
68.8
74.1

826.8
360.2
68.5
73.7

837.5
366.3
69.4
74.3

47.0
13.5
6.0
2.4

51.7
15.1
6.2
2.1

50.2
14.7
6.5
2.4

52.6
15.8
6.0
2.1

5.7
3.8
9.0
3.2

6.2
4.1
9.0
2.9

6.1
4.1
9.5
3.2

6.3
4.3
8.7
2.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,850.5
452.0
124.2
576.0
118.5
44.4
58.8
67.6
1.377.2
4,101.5
3,464.1
171.6
573.2
362.1
142.1

8,838.3
451.4
124.9
573.2
120.1
44.9
58.7
67.9
1,390.1
4,072.7
3,427.0
174.4
572.3
362.6
141.9

8,856.0
449.2
124.0
573.4
117.9
44.3
57.9
67.5
1,383.1
4,114.1
3,476.6
171.3
571.9
360.8
140.8

8,836.3
452.3
125.4
574.6
120.9
45.0
58.6
67.9
1,406.7
4,041.6
3,391.7
175.7
573.9
363.9
142.0

586.9
21.8
6.5
36.3
5.0
2.3
5.0
4.4
54.3
335.1
310.4
7.6
27.3
19.2
8.9

528.9
18.3
6.0
34.4
4.6
2.4
4.1
4.1
46.2
298.7
276.5
6.8
27.6
17.2
7.6

556.5
19.7
6.0
33.5
4.4
2.2
4.7
4.0
49.0
323.9
302.0
6.9
25.4
18.1
8.1

486.7
18.3
6.0
34.8
4.7
2.5
4.2
4.0
46.0
255.3
233.8
6.6
27.2
17.4
7.7

6.6
4.8
5.2
6.3
4.2
5.2
8.4
6.5
3.9
8.2
9.0
4.4
4.8
5.3
6.3

6.0
4.1
4.8
6.0
3.9
5.4
7.0
6.0
3.3
7.3
8.1
3.9
4.8
4.7
5.4

6.3
4.4
4.8
5.8
3.8
4.9
8.1
5.9
3.5
7.9
8.7
4.0
4.4
5.0
5.8

5.5
4.0
4.8
6.1
3.9
5.6
7.1
5.9
3.3
6.3
6.9
3.7
4.7
4.8
5.4

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,745.9
108.1
734.8
112.9
47.3
624.6
63.4
169.8
44.9
608.4
66.6
104.8

3,802.1
110.8
749.5
113.9
47.7
635.6
64.7
170.0
45.2
637.3
64.9
105.4

3,749.6
108.4
737.5
112.9
47.3
625.7
63.8
169.4
44.8
609.6
67.7
104.8

3,816.0
111.5
750.5
114.1
47.2
636.5
64.4
170.0
45.5
639.5
66.3
106.2

154.4
3.7
21.2
4.9
2.1
20.2
2.9
5.7
2.0
12.4
4.9
5.9

134.4
3.2
19.2
4.6
2.1
15.9
2.8
4.3
1.7
10.4
4.2
4.4

137.7
3.4
20.3
4.6
2.0
18.1
2.7
5.3
1.8
10.9
5.1
4.9

119.9
2.7
16.1
4.3
1.9
13.9
2.5
3.8
1.8
9.5
4.0
3.5

4.1
3.5
2.9
4.3
4.5
3.2
4.5
3.3
4.5
2.0
7.4
5.7

3.5
2.9
2.6
4.0
4.4
2.5
4.3
2.5
3.8
1.6
6.5
4.2

3.7
3.1
2.8
4.1
4.1
2.9
4.3
3.1
4.0
1.8
7.6
4.7

3.1
2.4
2.1
3.7
4.1
2.2
3.9
2.2
3.8
1.5
6.1
3.3

338.4
52.9
101.9
53.2

336.3
52.9
102.4
52.9

341.5
53.5
102.5
53.6

337.2
53.3
102.7
53.0

11.6
1.9
2.1
1.6

10.2
1.5
2.1
1.5

14.4
2.3
2.4
1.7

11.6
1.7
2.0
1.5

3.4
3.6
2.1
3.0

3.0
2.8
2.0
2.8

4.2
4.4
2.3
3.2

3.4
3.1
2.0
2.9

5,543.0
351.9
197.1
814.8
1,082.5
791.4
463.7
174.7
71.9
81.2
55.7
308.3
275.6

5,725.3
363.5
203.9
844.9
1,114.9
819.6
472.1
180.1
74.9
82.9
56.6
319.1
283.5

5,565.7
354.4
197.9
819.6
1,086.3
793.2
464.2
176.9
72.5
80.8
56.4
309.1
277.2

5,737.1
365.0
205.1
849.9
1,114.9
821.4
474.6
181.3
74.9
83.1
57.2
317.3
284.7

265.1
16.6
9.8
30.9
53.8
23.0
18.1
6.4
3.5
4.7
3.9
15.3
17.0

273.3
17.1
10.3
29.5
55.5
23.8
18.9
6.5
3.9
4.9
4.7
16.5
17.3

258.4
16.4
9.4
29.2
53.3
23.0
17.8
6.3
3.5
4.7
3.9
14.8
16.7

244.0
15.8
9.9
26.5
49.8
21.4
17.1
6.0
3.4
4.6
4.4
12.2
16.0

4.8
4.7
5.0
3.8
5.0
2.9
3.9
3.7
4.9
5.8
7.0
5.0
6.2

4.8
4.7
5.0
3.5
5.0
2.9
4.0
3.6
5.2
5.9
8.3
5.2
6.1

4.6
4.6
4.8
3.6
4.9
2.9
3.8
3.5
4.8
5.8
7.0
4.8
6.0

4.3
4.3
4.8
3.1
4.5
2.6
3.6
3.3
4.5
5.6
7.7
3.9
5.6

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




135

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

3

Number

ercent of labor force

State and area
February

February

March

1998

March

1999

1998

1998

1999

1998

1999P

69.4
1.0
2.0
18.0
13.9

4.9
4.1
5.7
3.9
3.8

4.6
4.0
5.3
3.8
3.4

4.5
3.9
5.2
3.6
3.4

4.2
3.7
4.7
3.3
3.3

110.0
10.4
7.4
44.6
10.5

113.4
9.8
7.3
49.2
11.3

6.5
6.6
8.7
4.3
6.6

6.7
6.3
8.6
4.9
7.1

6.3
6.4
8.6
4.3
6.5

6.4
5.9
8.1
4.6
6.8

289.0
14.6
3.3
7.8
11.5
7.3
7.2
101.9
57.4
8.2
20.0
2.6
2.1
3.5
7.2

304.7
14.9
3.5
8.1
12.2
8.3
7.5
110.2
61.1
8.3
21.8
2.8
2.2
3.9
7.8

285.4
14.1
3.2
7.6
11.7
7.2
6.7
102.2
56.9
8.4
19.3
2.8
2.2
3.3
7.1

5.3
5.0
5.9
6.1
3.5
8.4
3.3
4.6
5.4
4.5
7.6
5.0
3.4
7.7
4.0

4.9
4.7
5.3
5.6
3.3
7.2
3.0
4.1
5.0
4.5
6.5
4.7
3.2
6.2
3.8

5.2
4.8
5.7
5.9
3.5
8.1
3.2
4.5
5.3
4.6
7.1
4.9
3.3
6.9
4.1

4.8
4.5
5.1
5.5
3.3
7.0
2.8
4.1
4.9
4.6
6.3
4.8
3.2
5.8
3.7

33.0
37.8

25.9
29.9

29.1
34.7

17.7
22.7

6.6
6.6

5.2
5.2

5.9
6.1

3.6
4.0

1,958.6
268.4
282.9
63.3
495.5
102.8
47.0

74.8
7.4
5.7
2.9
12.3
5.7
2.2

86.3
8.5
6.2
3.1
15.6
5.9
2.6

57.3
6.0
4.5
2.3
9.3
3.3
1.8

63.8
6.4
5.3
2.3
12.3
3.2
1.9

3.9
2.9
2.1
4.6
2.5
6.0
4.6

4.4
3.2
2.2
4.9
3.2
5.8
5.4

3.0
2.3
1.6
3.7
1.9
3.4
3.8

3.3
2.4
1.9
3.7
2.5
3.1
4.1

389.9
46.0
98.5

394.3
47.5
102.0

14.1
1.6
2.3

12.3
1.2
1.8

14.4
1.5
2.2

12.4
1.2
1.9

3.7
3.5
2.3

3.2
2.6
1.8

3.7
3.3
2.2

3.1
2.6
1.8

2,774.0
216.6
81.6
56.3
224.9
342.6
563.1
646.2

2,709.3
219.2
80.0
55.9
221.8
337.1
534.6
628.9

2,782.0
216.8
82.5
56.6
225.1
342.6
565.6
647.4

126.4
9.7
3.2
1.9
10.6
15.2
20.9
17.2

128.8
8.4
2.9
2.1
11.1
15.9
19.6
17.9

122.3
9.7
3.1
2.0
9.8
13.9
20.8
17.5

121.5
8.0
2.8
2.1
10.9
14.6
19.5
17.6

4.7
4.5
4.1
3.5
4.8
4.6
4.0
2.8

4.6
3.9
3.5
3.8
4.9
4.6
3.5
2.8

4.5
4.4
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
3.9
2.8

4.4
3.7
3.4
3.7
4.8
4.3
3.4
2.7

10,191.6
62.1
112.7
692.2
187.2
106.3
128.0
76.3
176.8
1,892.5
286.6
889.4
123.2
2,140.4
114.8
74.8
105.6
123.2
200.1
129.8
52.9
761.3
51.3
56.3
90.7

9,948.5
60.7
111.1
668.9
181.6
106.3
126.5
73.7
173.6
1,830.2
285.7
860.0
122.8
2,090.0
113.8
71.7
103.2
121.9
195.5
126.6
51.5
749.9
49.9
55.6
88.5

10,218.4
62.1
113.4
696.2
187.5
107.0
125.7
77.1
177.1
1,900.0
285.6
893.1
123.6
2,147.7
115.1
74.7
105.6
123.6
195.9
128.6
53.1
768.7
51.0
56.6
91.3

486.6
2.1
4.0
17.6
12.7
6.4
16.4
1.2
11.4
60.7
29.3
28.8
8.2
86.3
5.2
6.8
7.1
4.3
39.3
5.3
1.5
27.0
2.1
4.5
4.8

488.6
2.4
3.3
16.3
13.8
6.6
16.1
1.3
11.0
57.1
28.7
27.6
7.4
89.0
4.1
7.4
7.5
3.5
35.8
11.9
2.4
22.7
2.6
3.3
4.0

459.5
2.0
3.8
16.5
12.3
6.0
15.5
1.1
10.5
57.2
27.3
27.0
7.8
81.8
4.7
6.6
6.6
4.1
34.7
5.3
1.5
27.4
2.0
4.3
4.3

445.5
2.2
3.0
14.6
13.4
6.2
12.3
1.2
10.3
52.9
25.5
25.4
7.1
85.2
3.7
6.6
6.9
3.3
29.5
11.0
2.2
21.7
2.3
3.0
3.7

4.9
3.4
3.6
2.7
7.0
6.1
13.0
1.7
6.6
3.3
10.3
3.4
6.7
4.2
4.6
9.5
6.9
3.5
19.8
4.3
2.9
3.6
4.1
8.1
5.4

4.8
3.9
3.0
2.4
7.4
6.2
12.6
1.7
6.2
3.0
10.0
3.1
6.0
4.2
3.6
9.9
7.1
2.9
17.9
9.2
4.6
3.0
5.1
5.9
4.4

4.6
3.3
3.4
2.5
6.7
5.6
12.3
1.5
6.1
3.1
9.6
3.1
6.3
3.9
4.2
9.3
6.4
3.4
17.8
4.2
3.0
3.6
4.0
7.7
4.8

4.4
3.5
2.6
2.1
7.2
5.8
9.8
1.5
5.8
2.8
8.9
2.8
5.7
4.0
3.2
8.8
6.5
2.7
15.1
8.6
4.2
2.8
4.5
5.3
4.0

1998

1999

1998

1999P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City ....
Tulsa

1,600.2
27.4
40.6
523.1
403.8

1,633.7
27.1
41.1
535.6
417.6

1,611.1
27.6
40.8
527.4
407.0

1,643.5
27.3
41.4
539.5
422.0

77.7
1.1
2.3
20.5
15.3

75.0
1.1
2.2
20.2
14.3

71.9
1.1
2.1
19.0
13.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ..
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver.
Salem

1,729.0
159.8
86.9
1,032.4
161.0

1,765.7
164.6
89.4
1,060.4
163.7

1,740.4
161.3
86.7
1,038.0
161.3

1,773.9
164.9
89.4
1,064.8
167.7

111.6
10.5
7.6
44.6
10.7

118.7
10.4
7.7
51.5
11.7

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton ...
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,873.7
308.0
61.4
138.1
344.2
102.3
235.3
2,470.4
1,137.6
180.9
306.7
56.2
66.1
57.1
190.2

5,910.4
311.9
62.8
139.6
348.7
102.0
239.8
2,480.7
1,148.2
181.6
306.5
56.3
67.0
57.2
190.8

5,890.0
308.7
61.6
138.0
345.4
102.4
237.6
2,474.8
1,142.9
181.4
307.7
56.2
66.2
56.8
191.0

5,948.7
314.3
63.1
139.2
351.0
103.3
240.8
2,496.3
1,156.6
182.9
307.9
56.9
67.0
57.2
192.1

313.9
15.4
3.6
8.4
12.2
8.5
7.9
114.4
61.9
8.1
23.2
2.8
2.3
4.4
7.7

499.0
575.9

497.5
573.2

492.6
570.5

496.5
572.8

1,923.2
258.0
274.4
63.3
488.4
96.2
47.4

1,957.2
265.6
279.6
63.8
492.7
101.5
47.6

1,937.0
261.1
277.4
63.4
492.9
99.4
47.4

384.5
45.6
97.3

390.5
46.6
100.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,681.4
216.8
78.8
55.2
220.0
332.7
527.4
623.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito ...
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler

9,892.3
60.5
110.5
664.2
180.8
105.2
126.1
73.0
173.6
1,820.1
284.5
856.0
122.6
2,070.9
113.5
71.4
103.2
122.1
198.2
125.5
51.2
741.2
50.1
55.5
88.2

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ...
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota ..
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....

See footnotes at end of table.




March

February

136

1999P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force

Number
State and area
February

1998
Texas—Continued
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

1999

1998

1998

1999P

February

March

February

March

1999

1998

1999P

March

1998

1999

1998

1999P

42.9
99.5
65.6

43.3
101.6
66.6

43.0
99.4
65.7

43.4
101.9
65.9

1.9
4.3
3.2

1.8
3.5
3.6

1.8
4.4
2.9

1.7
3.2
2.5

4.3
4.3
4.8

4.3
3.4
5.4

4.1
4.4
4.5

3.9
3.1
3.9

1,034.8
154.6
663.4

1,083.4
163.4
695.4

1,031.0
154.3
660.5

1,085.4
164.7
693.8

43.3
5.4
25.9

38.0
5.1
22.3

40.8
5.1
24.5

37.0
5.0
21.9

4.2
3.5
3.9

3.5
3.1
3.2

4.0
3.3
3.7

3.4
3.0
3.1

326.4
97.6

337.1
96.2

327.3
98.2

338.5
98.4

15.7
3.1

13.9
2.8

13.0
2.6

11.6
2.2

4.8
3.2

4.1
2.8

4.0
2.6

3.4
2.2

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ...
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,396.4
72.5
55.4
100.6
714.5
498.4
126.7

3,550.3
76.7
56.7
103.8
742.8
517.6
132.7

3,412.9
72.9
55.1
100.9
718.2
501.1
126.7

3,559.8
76.7
56.9
104.4
744.0
517.1
132.6

109.5
1.1
2.9
2.9
26.2
13.7
3.7

98.6
0.9
3.0
2.3
24.6
11.8
2.4

95.0
0.9
2.5
2.4
22.7
12.3
3.0

92.6
0.8
3.5
2.3
21.4
10.9
2.1

3.2
1.5
5.2
2.8
3.7
2.8
2.9

2.8
1.1
5.2
2.2
3.3
2.3
1.8

2.8
1.3
4.5
2.3
3.2
2.4
2.4

2.6
1.1
6.2
2.2
2.9
2.1
1.6

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco.
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,004.2
77.9
91.2
99.9
90.1
1,378.3
207.8
330.6
107.4

3,074.7
80.9
93.3
101.8
91.3
1,405.2
212.4
341.7
108.3

2,999.6
78.1
90.9
99.5
91.4
1,371.3
207.0
329.4
108.9

3,062.0
80.4
93.4
100.9
91.9
1,396.7
210.6
340.5
109.0

161.0
5.2
5.2
5.4
8.1
44.6
11.6
16.1
14.9

175.7
5.8
5.1
5.4
7.9
50.9
14.3
17.3
15.1

151.7
5.0
4.8
5.2
7.2
43.2
10.7
15.6
13.7

154.0
4.6
4.8
4.8
6.5
47.1
12.4
15.5
13.0

5.4
6.7
5.7
5.4
9.0
3.2
5.6
4.9
13.9

5.7
7.1
5.5
5.3
8.6
3.6
6.7
5.0
13.9

5.1
6.3
5.3
5.2
7.9
3.2
5.1
4.7
12.6

5.0
5.7
5.2
4.7
7.1
3.4
5.9
4.6
12.0

786.2
128.1
135.8
74.7
71.6

799.8
131.6
138.9
77.6
73.4

791.2
128.5
136.2
74.8
72.3

804.3
131.3
138.9
77.2
74.0

61.5
7.0
10.2
5.1
4.9

55.0
6.4
10.1
5.1
4.5

62.6
7.0
9.8
5.3
5.0

59.4
6.6
9.2
4.9
4.5

7.8
5.5
7.5
6.8
6.8

6.9
4.8
7.3
6.5
6.1

7.9
5.5
7.2
7.0
6.9

7.4
5.0
6.7
6.4
6.1

2,896.4
217.8
81.7
129.8
79.0
79.7
71.6
257.8
796.4
92.1
59.9
72.6

2,947.4
223.5
84.1
132.0
79.3
81.7
72.9
265.1
807.7
93.8
60.5
74.8

2,901.2
218.5
81.7
130.2
79.3
79.7
71.2
258.0
799.2
92.5
60.4
72.2

2,945.1
223.9
84.0
132.1
79.3
81.3
72.4
264.9
808.2
94.2
60.7
74.8

115.0
7.4
3.7
4.3
3.0
2.5
2.4
4.9
25.1
3.9
1.7
3.7

123.1
7.2
3.6
4.1
3.5
3.1
2.8
4.9
29.0
4.9
1.5
3.4

111.8
6.9
3.5
4.1
2.9
2.5
2.4
4.6
24.9
3.9
1.6
3.3

113.8
6.7
3.3
3.6
3.1
2.9
2.3
4.5
27.9
4.4
1.4
3.2

4.0
3.4
4.5
3.3
3.8
3.1
3.4
1.9
3.1
4.2
2.8
5.1

4.2
3.2
4.3
3.1
4.4
3.9
3.9
1.9
3.6
5.2
2.5
4.5

3.9
3.2
4.3
3.1
3.6
3.1
3.4
1.6
3.1
4.2
2.6
4.6

3.9
3.0
3.9
2.8
3.9
3.6
3.2
1.7
3.4
4.7
2.3
4.2

251.6
32.9
39.0

256.8
33.5
39.3

255.1
33.4
39.8

259.3
34.1
40.0

15.7
2.1
1.8

15.3
2.0
1.5

15.1
2.0
1.7

13.9
1.9
1.4

6.2
6.5
4.6

5.9
6.1
3.9

5.9
6.0
4.3

5.4
5.5
3.4

1,310.5
52.8
52.7
116.9
94.0
109.4
710.3

1,319.7
51.1
53.1
119.4
94.1
109.8
721.2

1,326.4
53.1
53.5
119.7
94.6
111.4
717.8

1,322.1

182.1
10.3
8.7
14.3
16.0
19.8
79.4

165.2
8.6
7.4
13.8
15.4
17.8
72.2

177.6
9.9
8.8
14.6
15.3
19.7
76.6

167.6
(D
(D
(D
(D
(1)
(1)

13.9
19.4
16.6
12.2
17.0
18.1
11.2

12.5
16.7
14.0
11.6
16.4
16.2
10.0

13.4
18.6
16.5
12.2
16.1
17.7
10.7

12.7
(D
(D
0)
(1)
(D
(D

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden .
Vermont
Burlington .

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne .
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon .

0)

(1)

0)
d)
0)
0)

Not available.
= preliminary.




NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised
when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

137




Annual Averages
Regions, States, and Areas

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
Anzona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
BaKersfieid
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oranoe County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Scinta Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

.

. .

1996

1997

1998

1,828.6
451.1
168.3
2134
153.8
75 3

1,866.3
463.5
173.1
220 1
157.2
78 3

1,906.0
474.7
176.9
226 8
161.1
806

10.7
3.4

10.5
3.3

2.8

27

263 6
121.1

268 7
123.9

275 4
128.9

9.9
2.5

1,892.3
1,312.5
307.2

1,984.6
1,383.0
315.4

2,078.1
1,459.9
325.4

1,086.0
135.0
938
297.6
35.8

1,104.0
138.5
95.8
303.3
35.8

1,123.4
141.7
97.3
308.4
36.2

1996

1998

1996

10.7
3.1

1997

1998

2.8

93.4
25.4
5.8
161
8.6
50

97.2
26.7
6.0
172
8.4
55

101.8
28.7
6.2
18.3
8.6
5.3

10.0
2.4

10.5
2.7

12.6
6.4

12.8
6.6

13.4
7.0

14.0
6.5
2.3

13.8
6.3
2.3

12.9
5.7
2.2

126.2
90.2
19.2

131.8
95.1
19.4

143.8
105.2
20.0

3.5

3.6

3.4

.9

.9

47.2
5.9
3.8
14.3
1.0

47.6
5.7
4.0
14.3
1.0

48.0
5.6
4.2
14.4
1.0

505.9
8.2
13.1
107.5
6.2
46.6
52.5
46.2
30.0
4.2
45.5
31.0
32.7
5.9
8.3
6.6
8.8
10.5

550.0
8.8
13.3
109.5
6.8
50.0
58.1
52.1
33.2
4.6
53.0
35.1
37.3
6.7
9.3
7.5
10.0
11.1

601.5
10.1
14.3
116.2
7.9
53.0
63.2
58.2
36.0
5.4
61.1
38.0
41.5
6.8
9.7
8.4
10.4
12.3

111.0
6.1
11.9
57.4

119.0
6.5
12.4
61.6

131.9
7.4
12.7
68.8

.8

52.4
5.5
3.0
19.0
8.7
4.0
5.4
3.0

56.3
6.2
3.5
19.8
9.2
4.5
5.8
3.2

58.6
6.5
3.8
20.0
9.8
4.7
6.0
3.4

(1)

(M

(M
(M

12 743 4 13,129 7 13,584.1
184.1
179.2
174 9
274.3
278.1
270.8
3,946.7
3,865.1
3,788.5
137 5
131 7
127 8
975.5
947.8
9164
1,295.3
1,233.9
1,184.3
841.4
875.2
803.5
648.1
625.2
605.2
121.2
117.6
113.5
1,100.3
1 006 2 1,054.2
1.013.2
983.5
948.2
957.4
926.6
879.9
154.7
151.4
145.6
173.1
165.4
157 5
167.4
172.2
163.5
155.6
150.0
144.5
251.4
242.7
237.9

.

1997

(M

.8
(')

29.2
10.5
.6
5.7

29.0
10.4
.5
5.5

25.4
9.3
.3
4.9

2.2
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.2
.5
.1
.5
1.7

2.1
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.0
.5
.1
.6
1.5

1.7
.9
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.8
.5
.1
.5
1.3

13.7

14.1

14.0

1,900.4
150.3
208.2
1,011.9

1,979.5
157.7
217.5
1,055.9

2.051.0
163.7
224.7
1,094.9

1,583.6
179.8
83.8
590.2
244.7
132.6
196.1
83.9

1,612.6
184.3
85.8
597.8
249.4
136.2
201.5
85.8

1,645.0
186.9
88.3
604.3
254.4
138.0
206.3
86.5

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

376.4
51.9
290.3

387.9
51.4
301.5

399.5
53.1
311.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

21.3
2.3
16.2

21.9
2.3
16.6

22.4
2.6
16.4

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

623.1
2427.1

618.4
2,483.8

615.4
2,549.9

1
.9

.1
1.0

.1
1.1

8.9
117.9

9.1
126.3

8.9
131.3

6,183.3
147.8
607.4
147.7
109.6
494.5
165.2
170.4
937.8
749.8
146.8
230.5
144.9
1,022.0
417.2

6,414.4
150.1
626.2
151.8
111.5
508.9
169.2
176.7
961.7
794.8
149.4
243.4
148.0
1,069.0
438.2

6,677.3
154.4
645.7
158.5
114.7
532.2
175.5
181.8
978.2
839.9
155.4
250.7
152.6
1,126.7
472.3

6.7

325.4
7.4
34.1
12.2
4.4
27.1
8.5
9.5
35.0
40.2
10.8
12.3
6.1
48.3
24.3

334.3
7.7
34.3
12.4
4.4
28.1
9.0
9.2
33.8
43.2
10.6
12.5
6.1
51.4
24.6

351.3
8.0
35.5
13.8
4.6
28.8
10.0
9.5
34.2
47.0
11.0
13.0
6.0
54.4
26.8

Colorado
.
.
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
J acksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

. ...

See footnotes at end of table.




140

1

I)

(M
(M
6.9

(M
6.9

6.9

.7
(

1

)

(M
(M

I1!

( 1M

(

(1)

(M
1

.1

(2)
(2)
/2\
3.3

( )
(M

6.6
( 2)

( 2)
.1

( 2)
( 2)
( 2)

.1

(2)
( 2)
3.2

3.1

.4
(2)
(2)
(2)

)

(M

(1 )

6.8
(2)

1

.3

.3
( 2)
(2)
(2)

2

( )
(2)
.4

.4
(2)

4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

1996

1997

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

382.6
52.2
38.7
27.1
17.8
10.9

380.5
51.7
38.8
27.5
17.8
11.6

379.0
51.9
38.8
28.0
18.2
12.2

90.8
30.3
3.6
13.1
6.4
2.4

91.2
30.3
3.8
12.9
6.5
2.4

92.3
30.8
4.0
12.8
6.7
2.5

419.3
109.7
33.9
56.6
36.4
17.6

427.3
112.1
34.7
58.0
37.4
18.4

439.1
115.1
35.4
60.0
38.2
19.1

15.9
2.0

15.2
2.0

14.6
2.0

22.9
11.9

24.2
12.3

25.5
13.2

54.6
29.8

55.9
30.7

56.9
31.3

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

199.9
154.4
28.1

207.4
161.5
28.3

217.0
170.2
29.0

91.8
66.3
13.5

96.6
70.4
13.6

101.0
74.7
13.5

464.4
325.6
67.0

482.4
338.7
69.2

499.2
353.7
70.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

253.8
34.0
27.5
34.1
8.0

252.9
34.0

64.8
9.4
6.3
20.5
1.8

65.7
9.3
6.5
21.1
1.8

67.8
9.8
6.5
21.6
1.8

247.5
37.1

27.1
33.5
8.2

254.0
34.0
27.3
33.7
8.5

252.4
38.7
20.0
70.3
7.3

256.3
40.2
19.7
71.0
7.1

1,851.8
9.8
30.0
644.7
26.0
114.6
211.2
99.2
43.3

1,914.0
9.6
30.2
661.4
26.1

1,960.3
9.8
30.4
667.8
27.3

641.8
9.2

694.0
10.5

120.1
222.4

236.0

104.8
45.3
9.6

110.1
46.7
9.4

3,048.8
42.6
67.4
858.6
33.5
212.3
309.9
217.9
136.7

123.1
76.7
258.2

127.3

2,974.0
42.2
66.3
840.7
32.3
207.9
298.6
210.1
133.8
30.5
235.9

3,121.9
42.8
67.5

122.7

663.7
9.9
14.0
211.9
5.4
60.9
44.4
42.5
24.7
5.4

31.0
244.0
206.9

31.5
247.6

182.7
36.6

185.2
37.4
43.0

39.3
59.2

40.9
39.9
60.0

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

9.5
117.5
75.6

245.9
16.4
23.6
23.5
16.8
30.7

111
264.3

13.7
204.7
5.4
58.5
42.8
41.1
24.8
5.3
38.3
76.4
25.4
5.1

13.8
223.7
5.3
62.4
46.5
45.7
25.9

79.0
27.2
5.4

5.4
44.6
80.9
28.7
5.2

6.1
12.0

6.5
12.2

41.6

19.6
69.3
7.5

200.6

17.8
32.8

28.1
23.9
19.0
34.5

5.9
11.7
5.7
9.7

6.1
9.7

6.6
10.3

174.6
35.0
40.4
39.5
38.0
59.1

17.1
26.1
23.7

17.8

41.3
40.0

873.9
34.3
219.1
321.2
222.7
139.7

211.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

197.1
30.2
25.1
90.0

204.0
31.5
26.3
92.8

207.4
32.4
27.1
93.1

121.1
3.6
11.4
84.9

123.8
3.7
12.0
85.8

129.4
40
11.7
91.7

465.9
33.3
47.2
247.9

480.1
35.0
48.5
255.7

493.1
35.4
50.2
260.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

274.8
39.9
19.0
91.1
39.3
26.1
28.3
18.5

276.1
39.5
18.9
93.7
39.2
24.7
28.2
18.7

278.5
39.0
19.6
95.7
40.0
24.2
27.5
18.8

73.7
7.1
2.7
26.0
15.8
6.4
9.8
3.5

75.0
7.1
2.6
26.9
16.0
6.4
10.3
3.5

75.5
7.0
2.7
26.4
16.2
6.6

351.5
41.4
22.0

10.6
3.6

347.0
40.4
22.0
123.6
50.9
27.4
44.1
16.9

123.9
52.5
27.7
44.9
17.7

355.7
41.9
22.0
124.0
53.9
27.9
44.3
18.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

57.9
6.5
42.3

57.8
6.0
43.3

59.5
6.2
45.1

15.6
1.7

15.7

13.8

1.7
13.6

16.3
2.0
14.0

83.8
13.1
59.9

85.3
12.9
61.1

87.0
12.5
62.6

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

13.0
96.4

12.7
100.4

12.5
103.0

19.1
111.9

17.4
113.8

16.2
117.5

50.0
467.0

48.5
470.7

48.2
473.6

489.7
14.1
42.0
6.8
5.6
36.5
21.2
26.2

492.0
14.1
40.4
6.8
5.5
37.8
20.6
27.1
75.5
52.3

496.4
14.2

314.5

326.8
4.3
31.3
7.0
2.3
36.3

336.3
4.8
30.3
7.4
2.4
37.1

1,607.4
42.3
171.5
42.3
23.7

1,649.2
42.5

1,683.8

8.7
5.1
83.3
40.9
7.1
5.2
4.0
47.6

8.9
5.6
86.3
42.8
7.5
5.2
4.1
49.0

177.2
42.9
23.4
126.0
47.8

181.3
44.1
23.5
128.4
49.0

41.5
253.3

43.1
255.7
204.9
40.4
59.6
30.7
261.4

16.0

16.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

See footnotes at end of table.




77.1
51.6
11.5
20.3
5.3
86.7
29.7

11.1
20.6
5.2
88.7
30.1

39.9
7.0
5.4
39.6
20.4
26.9
75.1
53.9
10.6

3.9
30.5
6.6
2.3

4.9
89.1

34.9
8.8
4.6
80.1
39.2
6.7
5.3
3.8
45.3

31.7

15.5

21.1

124.4
46.0
40.7
247.7
188.0
37.3
58.0
29.4
255.2
108.8

198.5

38.6
58.9
30.1
258.4
113.4

42.6

119.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1996

1997

Services

1998

1996

1997

3overnment

1998

1996

1997

1998

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

81.6
32.7
4.6
9.5
9.0
2.4

84.7
34.4
4.8
10.0
9.4
2.5

87.4
35.4
4.8
9.9
9.8
2.4

407.4
128.8
43.3
57.2
39.4
13.1

428.6
136.2
46.6
60.0
41.0
13.7

448.6
141.8
49.3
62.9
42.9
14.6

342.9
68.6
38.4
33.8
36.3
21.1

346.2
68.9
38.6
34.5
36.7
21.6

347.2
68.0
38.5
34.9
36.6
21.7

Alaska
Anchorage

11 9
7.2

122
7.2

12.5
7.5

62.9
33.6

65.3
34.9

68.5
36.6

73.1
27.7

73 2
27.9

73.5
28.6

117.1
96.4
12.0

127.7
107.2
12.1

138.9
116.9
13.1

560.9
403.1
95.7

596.7
431.9
99.3

626.2
451.4
106.3

317.9
170.1
69.4

328.2
171.9
71.3

339.1
182.2
71.0

43.2
4.7
3.1
17.2
1.4

44.1
4.9
3.2
17.4
1.3

45.0
5.1
3.1
17.8
1.3

245.8
25.6
23.2
84.7
8.4

254.4
27.0
24.3
87.8
8.5

263.3
27.8
25.9
90.5
8.6

180.3
18.3
9.6
57.5
7.8

183.4
19.0
9.8
58.9
7.7

185.7
19.2
9.9
59.3
7.8

736.7
63
14 1
217.2
4.4
52 1
86 9
29.6
39.3
6.1
57.4
98.1
30.0
7.1
9.5
8.3
5.6
11.7

758.3
66
137
220.2
4.5
546
92 9
29.8
42.2
5.9
60.9
103.0
30.6
7.2
9.6
8.6
5.9
12.6

798.0
7.2
13.9
226.5
4.5
55.3
99.4
30.3
47.3
5.9
64.2
107.9
32.1
7.6
10.1
8.5
6.1
13.5

3,890.7
41.3
68.4
1,234.9
30.3
266.2
361.7
208.7
167.1
31.2
321.2
341.8
283.9
45.3
44.4
40.2
38.1
71.0

4,025.3
43.0
70.0
1,261.9
32.1
279.9
372.7
221.5
173.9
32.9
339.3
358.2
301.8
46.5
47.4
41.3
39.6
72.4

4,219.5
45.6
71.8
1,294.4
34.6
292.8
392.1
232.6
181.7
34.1
360.4
373.9
316.9
47.3
49.7
43.4
41.4
76.5

2,113.3
47.3
64.8
533.0
23.2
168.2
129.7
167.3
166.7
26.7
190.1
124.1
87.4
29.7
25.0
33.6
30.9
43.4

2,140.7
48.2
65.1
536.3
23.4
167.9
132.7
171.6
169.1
28.1
192.0
124.0
88.5
30.9
25.2
34.3
30.8
43.3

2,163.6
48.9
66.1
539.3
23.8
168.7
136.0
174.5
170.5
29.2
194.8
122.6
88.6
31.9
25.6
34.8
31.7
43.0

119.0
5.3
10.6
78.9

127.4
5.5
11.7
84.1

135.2
6.0
12.7
89.1

563.8
46.3
68.2
305.3

595.5
49.6
71.9
324.7

618.3
52.4
74.7
338.1

308.7
25.5
33.8
140.8

315.6
25 9
34.8
144.2

321.7
26.1
35.6
146.9

131 7
10.3
4.0
70.8
13.6
3.5
22.5
4.3

132.1
10.3
4.4
70.5
13.1
3.7
23.3
4.0

136 0
10.5
4.7
70.5
13.6
3.7
25.0
3.6

480.5
56.6
23.7
165.3
85.4
33.2
68.6
25.2

495.0
59.1
24.5
169.5
88.1
34.2
71.6
26.3

512.5
61.0
25.2
174.7
90.0
35.2
75.1
26.8

222.8
20.0
9.3
94.4
31.0
32.0
17.5
12.5

225.7
20.6
9.9
93.4
31.2
35.0
17.6
12.3

227.4
21.1
10.2
93.0
31.0
35.6
17.9
12.2

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

43.4
23
37.6

46.8
21
41.0

48.6
22
42.7

101.8
11.4
83.1

107.1
11.6
87.8

111.5
12.3
91.2

52.4
14.7
37.2

53.2
14.9
38.0

54.1
15.5
38.9

District of Columbia
Washinaton PMSA

28.7
131.4

28.4
135.2

29.0
140.2

262.8
906.2

269.1
952.4

273.6
1,001.0

240.5
595.3

233.2
584.1

227.0
582.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
.
Tallahassee
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

394.0
6.6
43.7
8.5
4.9
51.4
7.8
5.8
66.4
44.5
5.8
11.2
5.5
71.4
28.7

408.4
6.5
44.6
8.8
5.1
53.2
7.9
6.0
67.2
46.0
6.0
11.6
5.8
75.9
31.0

430.3
6.9
48.3
8.9
5.2
56.0
8.6
6.2
66.1
49.3
6.1
12.4
6.3
82.7
34.0

2,117.2
50.6
203.6
47.8
30.8
153.9
44.9
59.2
299.0
304.4
46 8
100.3
37.2
382.8
157.4

2,254.9
52.2
214.6
49.0
32.4
161.5
46.9
63.2
312.8
329.7
47.2
111.4
39.0
414.2
169.4

2,415.2
55.4
225.2
51.7
35.2
175.4
49.7
65.7
322.7
354.7
50.9
115.7
41.7
454.9
189.9

928.4
23.1
82.1
23.4
38.0
65 9
24.7
24.5
132.1
81.6
27.7
23.0
57.6
132.0
52.8

942.2
22.9
83.8
24.7
38.4
65.6
25.2
24.5
135.4
83.9
28.5
23.2
57.8
132.4
53.8

957.3
22.6
85.0
25.2
38.5
66.4
25.8
24.7
137.9
86.9
28.7
23.7
58.6
134.8
54.3

Arizona . .
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

.

.

Arkansas
.
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
.
.
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

.. .

.. .

See footnotes at end of table.




I 42

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
1996

1998

1996

1997

1998

3,527.4
58.9
71.1
1.903.

144.7
128.6

3,614.4
59.4
71.7
1,959.1
192.6
115.7
147.4
131.6

3,740.4
59.2
73.5
2,036.1
196.0
118.5
148.6

Hawaii
Honolulu

530.7
404.6

531.6
403.0

529.9
400.1

Idaho
Boise City

492.9
185.9

509.9
193.8

522.1
201.8

3.1

5,684.7
76.5

5,772.1
79.3

5,893.7
83.5
97.5

12.5

4,128.4

1.6

(M 1.6

6.3

6.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

191.1
112.8

133.3

1997

1997

(M

164.0
3.9
2.5
90.9
10.7
5.1
6.1
7.3

168.0
3.5
2.6
93.8
11.6
5.3
6.2
7.7

182.0
3.4
2.8
101.8
11.6
5.4
6.2
8.1

(!)
(M

23.7
18.0

22.3
17.3

21.3
16.3

7.8

7.8

7.8

1.6
.4

1.6
.4

1.6
.4

1.2

1.2

(M
(!)

(M

1998

(M

1

3.1

3.0

30.6
13.0

31.9
13.6

32.3
13.5

11.6

10.8

224.0
2.4
3.1
153.5
8.7
3.5
2.1
7.4
6.7
5.0

230.8
2.6
3.2
157.6
9.2
3.7
2.0
7.8
6.8
4.7

237.6
3.0
3.5
163.0
9.3
3.8
2.0
8.4
7.1
4.6

134.2
3.0
4.3
9.5
12.1
17.1
42.6

140.7
3.0
4.6
9.8
12.8
17.8
44.9
2.1
3.8
2.5
7.5
3.0

145.4
2.9
4.9
10.5
13.0
20.7
46.2
1.8
3.9
2.4

11.7
1.9
2.2
3.4
2.5

59.9
5.4
12.1
1.8
2.2
3.6
2.7

62.2
6.1
12.4
1.9
2.4
3.1
2.7

58.8
2.1
4.4
14.0

61.6
2.2
4.5
14.7

(M

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

96.7

96.8

3,969.8
173.9
56.9
43.0

4,038.4
178.4

166.3

170.4
176.5
112.1

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,814.4
63.0
115.6
151.4
262.8
258.5
811.1
52.5
90.5
59.5
131.1
69.0

2,858.6
64.5

2,917.8

116.5
153.5

120.6
155.9
272.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,383.4
109.3
267.5
49.7
64.2
64.5
69.2

1,407.0
112.0
270.9
50.7
65.5
65.2

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

1,226.7
44.1

1,268.2
46.0
99.6
275.3

1,312.2
47.7

1.3

56.7
2.0
4.4
13.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro ...

1,671.7
259.9

1,711.2

536.8
42.2

549.6
43.1

1,753.1
276.8
566.7
44.2

23.0
.2
.6
.3

23.1
.3
.6
.3

23.2
.3
.6
.3

77.2
12.1
26.7
3.1

81.8
13.1
28.9
3.2

84.1
13.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,809.7
53.3
276.6
69.0
152.8
83.7
67.3
603.8

1,896.8
55.3
292.6
79.8

49.3
.1
.8
6.0

54.3
.1

57.5
.1

1.0
7.4

167.2
87.8
69.9
622.9

13.6
1.4
2
14.6
2.4

113.2
3.2
30.8
3.2
8.1
9.8
3.5
28.4
9.4

117.6
3.2
30.9
3.6
8.9

128.0
3.4

.9
7.2
15.5

10.3
3.5

167.0

1,849.9
53.7
281.3
74.7
160.7
85.6
68.0
613.9
169.9

31.2
9.6

11.2
3.6
34.1
9.9

542.5
40.8
136.1

553.7
41.2
142.2

569.6
42.8
145.0

23.2
1.7
6.0

23.3
1.6
6.4

24.8
1.6
6.8

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

174.5
111.9

100.1
264.4

182.3
57.0
43.8
175.6

56.8
43.2

178.1
114.2

64.2

269.0

265.2

269.7
850.2
52.2

828.9
51.2
92.0
134.4
67.4

!
(M

1.4

(M

(M
(!)
(( )
>
2.1

116.4
279.3
51.5
67.5
66.5
73.8

101.3

I 43

173.6

1.2

1.3
(!)

1,446.4

286.0

6.9

\'\

.2

71.4

1.6

(M

67.2

See footnotes at end of table.




I

93.8
59.1
136.2

59.6

268.4

(!)

.2
2.1
(
(

)
)

(

>
)
)

(
(

(])
< )
( )
(M

(M
8.2

7.9
(!)

(M

1.4

.1

22

( )
(M

(M

(I)2

1.4

7.4

(M

1.3
.2

18.0
1.3
.2

15.2
2.6

15.3
2.7

.1

.1

1.7
3.6
2.5
7.0
3.2
58.2
5.6

7.1
3.1

29.2
3.4

33.6
4.4
9.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

Wholesale and retail trade
1998

1996

1997

1998

585.4
8.5
11.8
215.7
41.1
21.3
20.0
16.9

588.6
9.0
11.6
218.8
41.1
21.7
20.3
17.7

593.1
8.7
11.7
221.2
41.2
21.9
19.7
18.2

223.3
2.8
2.0
158.9
6.2
3.9
5.2
9.4

230.4
3.1
1.8
163.8
6.5
4.0
5.4
9.7

242.4
3.4
1.8
173.5
6.7
4.1
5.5
89

893.4
14.0
17.9
509.3
42.6
25.3
33.7
32.9

910.8
13.9
18.2
521.7
41.9
26.1
34.0
32.8

930.3
13.9
18.1
538.5
42.2
26.0
33.8
33.7

nawan
Honolulu

16.7
12.8

16.6
12.8

16.3
12.7

41.0
33.2

41.3
33.2

41.0
32.6

135.2
101.1

134.3
99.6

131.8
96.7

Idaho
Boise City

72.9
33.6

74.6
34.8

76.2
36.2

23.4
8.9

24.3
9.6

25.4
10.4

125.2
44.8

129.1
46.6

132.4
48.1

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

969.7
8.7
11.9
654.2
29.3

973.1
8.7
11.6

31.8
52.6
4.3

656.6
30.5
13.5
8.4
32.6
52.7
4.4

977.4
8.7
11.3
657.3
31.7
13.6
8.1
33.7
53.1
4.7

332.5
2.9
2.5
245.1
9.2
5.2
2.0
9.2
8.7
5.0

338.7
2.9
2.6
248.4
9.5
5.1
2.1
9.6
9.1
4.8

346.9
3.2
2.6
255.0
10.1
5.1
2.1
10.1
9.1
4.8

1,307.0
17.4
21.4
907.1
47.5
12.4
10.8
40.5
36.8
24.1

1,320.1
17.6
21.4
914.7
47.4
12.4
10.9
41.2
37.0
23.6

1,334.0
17.9
21.0
925.2
48.0
12.2
10.9
42.2
36.8
23.4

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

676.0
9.9
58.0
32.2
73.6
51.2
125.8
21.5
22.1
11.1
22.3
12.1

676.7
10.0
58.2
32.4
75.1
50.3
127.3
20.5
22.3
11.0
22.3
11.8

683.6
9.5
60.8
32.8
75.8
50.4
128.5
20.6
22.4
10.4
22.6
12.0

139.8
1.8
3.3
7.2
12.6

140.3

144.1
1.9

677.9
14.6
21.8
37.4
63.0
62.7

687.6
14.7
22 5
38.3
64.3
62.7
218.9
11.5
19.2
13.8
34.5
18.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

248.7
20.7
25.0
11.4
4.8
13.0
14.4

253.3
21.6
25.0
11.9
4.8
12.8
14.8

261.6
22.2
25.0
12.1
5.1
13.6
15.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

196.7
5.2

206.6
5.4
9.8
69.5

213.4
5.5

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

311.7
44.0
88.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

188.6
3.4
24.3

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

13.8
8.5

10.2
62.3

6.9

6.1
15.6
11.5
8.2
47.5
19.7
88.3
7.8

14.2

1.2
2.3
3.3
5.6
3.0

14.7
52.8
1.2
2.3
3.5
5.8
3.0

214.5
11.3
19.1
13.6
34.0
20.3

680.8
14.7
22.2
38.1
64.0
63.4
215.4
11.1
19.0
13.7
34.6
19.1

63.3
7.6
13.2
2.1
2.1
3.9
2.1

65.7
8.0
13.6
2.1
2.2
3.9
2.4

69.2
8.4
14.5
2.0
2.1
3.9
2.6

342.3
24.8
71.1
12.1
12.6
16.0
16.6

345.6
25.3
70.7
12.2
13.0
16.0
16.7

353.9
25.5
72.3
12.4
13.4
16.2
17.2

9.9
73.9

70.1
1.2
6.4
10.4

72.2
1.2
6.3
10.8

74.7
1.3
5.8
10.9

302.3
11.5
21.7
61.6

309.0
11.7
21.5
61.9

318.4
11.9
22.1
63.6

316.8
46.5
88.0
7.0

320.9
49.2
88.8
7.0

94.0
10.4
38.7
2.1

97.0
10.8
40.0
2.2

101.6
11.1
42.5
2.3

401.5
59.5
132.8
10.8

409.2
60.7
135.2
10.9

416.4
62.3

191.1
3.4
24.4
7.3
16.0
11.8
8.0
48.9

191.7
3.6
24.4
8.6

108.5
2.8
12.6
7.1

14.9
12.0
7.8
49.3
18.8

9.2
4.3
3.8
42.0
8.3

110.3
2.7
12.5
8.1
9.7
4.4
3.7
41.8
8.3

113.6
2.8
13.1
8.8
10.1
4.6
3.7
41.6
8.5

422.4
11.9
63.8
16.8
39.5
17.8
16.8
150.2
38.4

430.6
12.3
66.0
17.5
41.2
18.2
16.9

151.8
39.0

442.3
13.2
69.4
18.4
43.2
18.6
17.3
153.8
39.7

22.6
1.7
6.2

23.1
1.7
6.6

23.6
1.7
6.8

137.2
10.4
39.8

139.4
10.5
41.1

143.1
10.9
41.2

19.2

86.9
7.9

87.8
7.8
15.0

14.8

See footnotes at end of table.




I 44

15.4
49.4
1.3
2.3
3.8
5.7
3.2

1.9
2.9
7.2
12.8
15.5
50.5

2.9
7.4
13.1

138.0
11.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued

1996

1997

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

180.5
2.2
2.2
121.9
6.2
7.6
8.2
4.3

187.2
2.1
2.2
126.7
6.0
8.0
8.4
4.4

199.7
2.0
2.4
134.9
6.3
8.3
9.0
4.6

903.4
14.8
15.1
554.7
44.7
29.3
37.7
37.0

944.4
15.3
15.6
578.0
45.9
30.1
38.9
38.6

999.3
15.0
16.2
608.3
47.4
32.3
39.4
39.1

569.5
12.6
19.8
250.2
39.2
20.4
32.7
20.7

577.3
12.6
19.7
254.7
39.3
20.4
33.1
20.7

585.9
12.8
20.5
256.4
40.3
20.6
33.9
20.8

Honolulu ...

36.9
29.8

36.2
29.1

35.5
28.4

166.7
120.8

169.2
121.2

172.0
123.3

110.6
89.0

111.7
89.7

112.2
90.1

25.2
11.2

25.4
11.0

22.8
11.0

115.5
45.9

121.7
48.8

127.2
51.6

97.0
28.5

100.0
29.5

102.8
31.2

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

387.6
13.5
3.4
302.7
8.0
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.3
7.8

397.4
14.1
3.7
310.6
8.1
2.0
1.7
7.8
7.4
7.9

404.9
15.8
3.9
315.0
8.2
2.0
1.7
7.7
7.3
7.9

1,642.2
18.5
20.2
1,216.5
45.2
13.7
11.3
51.3
45.3
32.0

1,692.1
19.8
21.0
1,258.4
47.1
13.6
11.4
52.6
46.0
32.8

1,767.2
20.9
21.6
1,318.0
48.5
13.6
12.1
54.4
47.0
34.7

809.4
13.2
34.1
489.0
26.0
6.5
6.8
18.2
17.2
33.7

808.3
13.6
33.4
490.4
26.7
6.6
6.8
18.9
17.5
33.8

814.9
14.1
33.6
493.2

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson ..
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

134.3
2.4
2.8
7.2
14.4
9.3
58.5
1.5
3.7
1.8
6.4
2.3

138.8
2.4
2.9
7.2
14.9
9.2
62.4
1.5
3.8
1.8
6.7
2.3

141.3
2.4
2.8
7.2
14.8
9.2
63.9
1.5
4.1
1.8
6.8
2.3

655.0
12.4
18.3
41.8
61.0
67.1
212.4
8.5
16.7
15.1
42.6
16.3

682.4
12.8
18.8
42.5
62.9
72.4
223.9
8.1
17.7
15.7
44.1
16.5

708.6
13.0
18.6
43.5
65.7
73.9
232.1
8.7
18.8
15.7
45.3
16.6

391.0
18.9
7.1
14.7
26.2
35.8
107.0
6.8
23.1
11.7
13.1
11.4

392.0
19.7
7.1
15.0
26.6
36.7
103.7
6.8
23.1
11.6
13.6
11.4

400.3
19.9
8.0
15.1
25.9
38.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls...

77.9
5.7
36.7
1.7
1.8
2.6
3.2

79.6
5.9
37.4
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.3

83.0
6.3
39.5
1.9
2.1
2.7
3.2

358.0
33.9
75.2
16.9
13.6
18.3
18.0

366.1
34.9
77.1
17.3
14.0
18.9
19.1

378.6
35.9
81.3
17.6
14.9
19.3
20.6

232.9
11.0
34.7
3.6
27.3
7.4
12.3

234.6
11.0
35.1
3.7
27.4
7.5
12.4

235.7
12.0
34.3
3.7
27.4

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

58.7
2.0
6.7
11.2

60.7
2.0
6.8
11.0

62.0
2.1
6.8
11.5

300.7
10.1
27.0
71.0

317.3
11.0
28.3
73.8

334.2
11.5
29.9
76.8

233.5
12.2
23.8
32.9

235.5
12.6
22.6
32.9

240.5
13.4
22.3
33.4

Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .

67.3
9.9
28.5
1.8

69.1
10.1
29.3
1.7

70.0
10.3
29.9
1.9

408.2
69.2
153.0
10.4

423.2
72.1
159.0
10.7

442.7
75.4
167.5
11.0

288.8
54.6
68.0
6.8

290.9
55.0
68.6
7.1

294.3
54.8
70.2
7.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

83.0
2.3
16.7
2.2
5.8
2.7
4.5
30.7
6.7

85.5
2.3
17.5
2.3
6.1
2.7
4.9
31.6
6.6

86.7
2.4
18.3
2.1
6.3
2.6
5.2
31.7
6.4

483.1
16.3
70.5
14.7
38.0
23.2
17.5
186.5
49.8

496.3
16.5
72.0
15.7
40.2
23.9
18.2
189.0
52.1

510.0
16.6
74.4
16.3
41.7
24.3
19.2
192.4
54.6

361.8
13.4
57.2
12.8
23.0
13.0
12.8
103.9
32.3

364.2
13.2
57.2
13.1
23.2
13.1
12.9
104.4
32.5

367.1
13.2
58.4
13.8
23.5
13.4
12.9
104.7
33.0

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland

27.0
2.0
12.0

28.4
2.1
12.3

29.8
2.2
12.9

151.1
12.6
40.3

158.7
12.8
42.9

167.8
13.7
44.2

92.8
4.7
17.6

93.0
4.7
17.9

93.6
4.8
18.4

Idaho
Boise City

See footnotes at end of table.




I 45

26.5
6.6
6.9
19.1
17.7
34.0

107.2
6.9
23.0
11.5
14.0
11.4

7.7
12.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
1996

1997

1998

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,211.2
1,138.8
402.3
814.3

2.267.1
1,168.2
403.2

2,324.1

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Prttsfreld
Springfield
Worcester

3,035.4
55.5
1,860.7
91.5
50.6
146.9
110.3

3,109.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,360.7
262.0
71.1

831.4
56.5
1,905.5
94.7
51.8
149.3
115.0
63.4

1996

(M

3,177.2
58.4

(M

1998

1997

1998

131.2
61.9
12.3
55.9

138.3
64.3
12.4
59.8

141.5
64.2
12.1
62.6

1.3

94.0
2.4
52.8
3.1
1.6
5.5
4.9
2.1
1.5
7.5
6.5

100.3
2.6
56.7
3.3
1.6
5.6
5.1
2.2
1.6
7.6
7.1

107.9
2.7
61.3
3.6
1.7
5.8
5.2
2.5
1.8
7.9
7.3

168.0
9.2
2.2
73.0
6.7
23.6
2.2
7.8
8.1
8.9

179.8
10.1
2.4
78.0
7.0
24.9
2.4
8.3

186.2
10.7
2.5
83.4
7.7

8.6
9.3

9.0
9.0

8.1
4.9

88.9
3.7
56.5
2.5
3.6

93.7
4.0
59.0
2.9
3.9

101.8
4.3
63.9
3.2
4.3

5.9

6.4

48.6
10.6

50.9
11.1

54.6
11.1

4.7

4.8

115.2
43.5
62.5
6.6

121.0
45.8
65.5
6.8

126.8
48.2
67.9
7.0

1.3
.2

(M
(M
1.2

1996

1.3
.3

1.2
.2

1,187.9
401.2
858.0

1,945.2

1997

(!)
(M
1.3

(M

.4

96.4
52.3

41.7

152.0
118.8
65.0
42.3

250.9
222.9

253.1
229.7

4,448.2

266.3

4,514.4
272.9

2,049.8
182.2
532.5
60.3
207.5
229.7
176.2

70.9
2.076.7
182.4
550.6
60.5
208.9
232.2
177.4

2,115.4
175.6
566.1
61.3
211.2
232.3
178.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,433.3
108.4
1,582.6
70.3
83.9

2,490.8
110.8
1.616.6
73.8
84.7

2,560.3
113.5

Mississippi
Jackson ...

1,088.9
215.1

1,107.1
220.7

1,131.5
226.1

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,567.4
881.4
1.266.4
155.6

2,639.4
916.6
1,291.2
160.3

2,686.6
944.6
1,307.2
163.7

Montana

360.3

364.9

372.9

5.4

5.4

5.2

17.1

17.7

18.8

Nebraska
Lincoln ..
Omaha ..

834.8
142.6
386.0

854.3
145.6
395.4

875.3
147.9
404.0

1.2

1.2

1.2

36.6
6.0
17.5

38.2
6.4
18.1

41.0
6.8
20.1

Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno

843.0
592.3
172.4

890.7
631.5
177.5

924.5
661.3
182.0

14.7
2.2
.7

13.4
2.1
.5

75.0
58.5
11.7

81.6
64.3
12.0

84.7
67.5
12.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Ports mouth-Rochester

553.6
93.5
87.8

570.2
96.7
91.3

.5

.4

20.2
4.0
2.8
3.3

20.9
4.3
2.8
3.4

22.9
4.6
3.1
3.8

1.9

2.0

124.2
6.7
21.4
19.9
3.9
18.5
17.0
29.6
4.2
1.9

130.7
7.3
22.2
21.5
4.5
18.9
17.8
31.2
4.6
2.0

135.0
6.6
23.2
22.5
5.1
19.3
18.4
32.5
4.7
2.1

43.1
22.4
3.3
3.4

42.7
22.1
3.2
3.5

43.5
21.7
3.2
3.6

Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

61.8
41.4
245.3
216.8

1,662.9
78.0
87.0

112.0

115.1

3,638.9
176.0
625.4
457.1
238.7
583.2
354.1
930.3
194.0
57.1

3,724.6
180.6
638.3
469.8
240.7
606.7
362.4
948.1
197.4
58.3

3,800.8
182.2
654.8
484.0
244.1
619.9
368.7
967.5
198.8
59.1

694.6
326.3

708.5
333.4
51.1
71.1

338.6
52.6
72.5

See footnotes at end of table.




7.6

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

7.6

7.9

71.0

587.5
99.9
93.4
116.8

49.9
70.0

(?)
(M
2

I 46

721.0

(!)
< )
( )
( )
( )
(M

(!)
< )
( )

(

>
>
( )
(

(
(

(M

(M

}

>

7.9
5.1

7.9
5.1
()

(

(

(M>

>

(M
5.3

4.8

(M
( )

()

(M

(M
14.6
2.1
.6
(1 )
(1 )

(M

(1 )

(M

o 1.9
\]\
(1 )
(M
(M
15.5
( )
( )

(M

( 11 )
( )
(1)
(M

(M

(1)

(M

(M

(M

15.7
( )
( >

15.1
( )
( )

(M

(M

26.6
2.5
8.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued

1996

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1997

1996

1997

1996

1997

1998

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

175.0
101.2
32.3
37.0

176.9
100.8
31.2
38.7

177.6
100.3
30.1
39.4

106.4
57.5
19.9
34.;

107.2
58.2
19.9
34.4

108.5
57.5
19.7
35.7

529.0
265.0
64.7
196.3

536.
269.5
63.8
198.5

271.6
63.3

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

444.7
2.1

447.9
2.0
222.7

448.0
2.1

7.4
38.8
41

129.1
2.9
80.6
5.1
2.0
4.8
6.4
2.4
1.2
9.5
9.2

132.9
2.9
82.4
5.0
2.0
4.9
6.7
3.3
1.2
9.7
9.5

136.0
3.0
84.4
4.8
2.0
5.2
7.1
3.6
1.3
9.9
9.7

695.1
18.9
403.5
30.5
12.1
34.8
23.4
16.1
10.2
57.0
48.5

706.9
19.
411.2
31.1
12.2
34.5
24.4
16.2
10.3
58.5
49.8

720.5
19.8
416.9
32.2
12.4
35.2
25.1
16.8
10.4
59.2
52.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ..
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

971.7
53.1
20.5
446.9
45.1
151.4
12.8
50.1
30.1
40.0

966.3
52.6
19.8
441.2
42.1
154.6
12.8
49.3
30.0
39.7

965.7
52.6
19.5

170.4
6.0
2.9
92.8
5.2
18.6
3.6
6.9
6.2
7.3

178.1
6.5
2.9
96.1
5.8
19.3
3.5
7.4
6.1
7.2

1,025.2
52.0
15.9
481.0
44.9
131.3

1,046.0
53.4
15.8

438.9
38.1
158.0
12.6
49.5
28.4
39.5

173.5
6.4
2.9
94.0
5.6
18.7
3.5
7.0
6.1
7.2

1,066.5
55.0
16.0
497.9
44.3
140.8
15.7
46.7
52.3
45.3

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

429.6
8.2
274.8
10.5
15.4

435.0
8.3
275.4
11.7
15.6

444.1
8.5

120.4
6.6
86.3
2.0
3.0

123.9

127.6
7.6

3.1

91.4
2.4
3.3

591.4
27.7
381.0
14.4
25.9

600.6
27.5

279.4
13.7
16.0

386.1
14.6
25.4

613.9
27.7
394.1
15.3
26.0

Mississippi
Jackson

245.6
21.1

241.8
20.6

244.5
20.3

52.8
15.1

53.0
15.5

53.7
16.4

232.9
51.2

238.4
53.3

244.3
54.8

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

416.6
106.7
196.8
23.6

418.0
106.8
195.8
23.7

420.5
107 6
195.1
23.7

160.3
69.7
80.6
10.4

165.4
74.4
83.4
10.6

165.7
76.8
83.1
11.0

612.5
217.7
301.7
44.9

624.5
225.5
305.5
45.0

633.0
231.2
308.6
45.6

Montana

23.9

24.1

24.5

20.8

21.1

21.6

98.4

98.8

100.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

113.6
16.7
39.4

116.4
17.2
39.4

118.8
17.9
39.9

50.2
9.1
25.9

53.6
9.3
28.1

56.1
9.8
29.6

207.8
30.6
93.2

208.9
30.6
94.7

212.1
30.9
97.2

38.7
21.2
13.1

40.7
22.0
13.4

42.0
22.6
13.7

42.7
30.3
10.7

45.6
32.7
11.3

47.8
34.4
11.8

169.3
120.3
39.1

180.2
129.7
40.6

189.2
138.0
40.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

104.4
13.3
27.1
18.9

107.2
14.2
27.7
18.9

108.3
14.8
27.8
18.7

19.3
5.5
2.2
3.9

19.4
5.6
2.2
3.9

20.4
5.8
2.7
3.9

143.0
22.9
21.9
29.2

148.6
23.7
22.4
30.7

152.3
24.5
22.9
30.8

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

483.5
6.4

481.9
6.3
106.5
54.8
28.6
92.4
21.2
135.1
19.5
13.0

478.0
6.3
105.7
54.8
27.3
93.5
20.6
135.1
17.8
12.8

250.1
6.8
32.9

256.1
7.1

260.3
6.9
36.6
22.8
29.7
48.9
20.0
82.4
7.2
2.7

853.8
36.2
173.0

871.3
37.4

123.0
56.6
136.2
96.5
185.6
31.9
11.1

124.5
56.0
142.3
98.9
189.4
32.3
11.6

885.8
37.9
177.7
127.4
57.6
144.1
99.2
193.7
32.7
11.7

46.2
29.3
2.8

45.1
28.7
2.9
2.0

31.6

33.4
16.2
2.0
1.3

164.6
79.0
10.7
15.1

167.9
80.8
10.9
15.2

170.6
81.8
11.0
15.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

220.6
10.9
13.5
37.8
27.8
13.6
7.6
38.9
41.0

106.7
55.2
28.6
92.4
21.3
135.4
20.4
12.8
46.0
29.4
2.7
2.0

10.7
13.7
38.5
28.4

13.4
7.6
38.8
41.3

2.1

See footnotes at end of table.




I 47

223.8
10.
13.7
38.6
28.8
13.

21.5
28.5
47.7
20.6
78.6
7.3
2.9

15.2

1.8
1.3

7.1
88.4
2.2

34.9
22.0
283
49.7
20.4
80.4
7.3
2.8

32.0
15.5
1.8
1.2

15.4
45.7
50.2
44.6

485.1
44.0

136.5
15.5
46.2
51.3
44.6

175.5

539.0

199.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

Government

1998

1996

1997

1998

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

128.8
71.9
33.7
48.4

131.2
72.8
33.5
50.0

134.2
74.0
33.9
51.0

719.1
373.0
151.8
272.3

755.4
391.8
153.8
285.7

787.2
405.1
155.5
300.8

420.6
208.1

420.8
210.6

434.7
215.1

87.8

170.2

88.6
164.4

169.4

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

208.2
3.3
154.4
3.0
1.5
4.6
3.8
1.9
1.9
12.5

212.2
3.2

216.8
3.0

158.0
3.2

162.8
3.1
1.5
4.6
3.4
1.7

1,063.2
18.5
721.7
23.4
12.7
41.8
29.9
16.0
14.0
75.1
64.0

1,103.1
19.2
746.3
25.2
13.2
43.2
31.8
16.6
14.1
78.3
66.0

1,134.5
20.2
764.3
25.7
13.0
43.8
33.8
17.3
14.3
79.0

400.0
7.4
226.7

404.6
7.4
227.8

412.1
7.7
231.3

15.5
7.2
17.6
14.2
9.7
4.8
44.7
32.4

16.2
7.6

16.4

9.8
5.0
45.1
34.2

9.9
5.1
45.4
35.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

202.4
9.8
2.6
111.2
6.5

209.5
10.1
2.3
113.1
6.5
23.4
1.9
10.6
14.1
6.8

1.171.6
62.5
18.7
618.0
49.3

1,221.9
64.9
19.0
638.2
53.5

1,242.1
67.0
19.2

134.3

140.6

14.2
52.4
55.5
46.7

53.1
56.6

643.8
69.4
8.4
226.2
24.5
52.0
10.1
33.8
66.6
21.9

647.4
69.3
8.5
228.1
23.8
53.1
10.0
34.1
66.0
22.0

658.5
71.1
8.6
232.1
24.7
54.6
10.2
34.6
64.9
22.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

143.3
3.5
113.0
2.3
2.9

147.4
3.4
115.6
2.3
3.0

156.2
3.4
123.6
2.4
3.3

672.3
30.4
453.4
31.6
20.4

379.5
23.2

472.6
32.9
21.0

727.2
33.3
488.5
34.0
21.7

217.1
7.0

379.6
23.6
219.0
7.2

12.8

12.7

12.5

40.9
15.2

41.7
15.6

42.4
16.1

246.1
56.1

256.3
58.8

262.3
60.2

216.8
45.2

219.0
45.1

223.4
46.4

149.9
62.7
77.6

155.1
64.4
79.9
7.0

161.7
67.4
82.5
7.5

707.5
253.3
392.2
44.6

737.9
269.3
405.7
47.9

758.0
279.7
416.1
49.0

400.8
127.9
155.1
18.9

412.8
130.3

416.2
133.7
154.0
19.8

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

14.9

21.3
1.9
10.8
13.1
6.8

6.6

1.5
4.5
3.6
1.8

1.9
12.8
14.9
205.7
9.8
2.6
111.3
6.5
22.1
1.9
10.8

13.7
6.7

1.9
12.9

14.4

14.6

47.9
702.7
31.9

653.0
48.6
143.4
14.9
53.9
57.5
48.4

18.1
15.0

155.5
19.2

86.6

8.0
18.8

15.5

381.5
23.7

221.5
7.1

Montana

16.1

16.4

17.0

101.7

103.9

107.1

77.0

77.4

78.3

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

53.1
8.9
32.2

54.9
32.8

57.4
9.8
33.7

220.8
36.0
127.6

228.9
37.8
131.1

237.8
39.9
133.3

151.4
35.4
50.3

152.2
35.1
51.3

150.9
32.8
50.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

37.9
28.9
7.5

40.3
30.4
8.0

43.4
32.6
8.4

363.6
269.2
67.4

381.0
284.2

68.6

392.3
293.3
70.3

101.2
61.8
22.3

106.5
65.9
23.0

111.6
70.7
23.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Ports mouth-Rochester

28.3
7.4
3.6
6.1

29.8
7.3
4.7
6.3

31.2
7.2
5.2
6.6

160.1
30.0
22.4
28.9

165.0
30.9
23.2
30.4

172.8
32.1
23.6
31.8

77.9

10.4
8.0

78.8
10.6
8.3

21.8

21.5

79.2
10.9
8.2
21.1

232.1
6.0
34.0
22.0

239.6
6.1
34.6
22.7

248.1

1,122.7

5.9

24.1
43.2

25.9
45.3
18.1
71.8
11.2
3.2

85.0
185.6
137.7
57.2
168.5
117.6
286.9

1.172.8
87.8
193.2
145.9
58.3
181.0
122.2
296.9
70.2
12.5

1,221.2
89.8
204.0
152.4
59.4
190.1
128.0
306.6
73.4
12.8

570.6
28.8
71.8
77.9
39.7
76.3
63.4
143.4
52.4
12.7

570.3
28.7
71.4
78.3
39.0
76.7
63.9
142.6
52.3
13.0

570.4
28.7
70.5
79.3
38.2
77.8
64.0
142.0
51.8
13.8

195.5
104.7
11.0
21.0

203.4
107.6
12.8

171.5
62.3
19.1
24.4

177.0
64.2
19.6
24.9

178.1
65.6
18.8
25.1

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

17.7
70.4
10.8
3.3

31.4
17.0
1.9
3.2

9.2

31.4
16.8
2.0
3.2

See footnotes at end of table.




I 48

37.1
24.8
26.7
45.8

18.5
74.4
11.2

67.1

2.9

12.2

31.8
17.0
2.0
3.5

190.9

101.1
10.4
20.6

21.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
1996

1997

1998

7,938.7
425.8
110.2
539.4

8,067.1
432.4

8,228.7
439.5
114.8
544.8
108.7
43.7

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

49.5
1,101.1
3,871.1
3,369.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

105.5
42.1

113.1
544.3
107.1
42.8
49.4
1,121.1
3,952.5
3,441.9
121.1

49.6

531.5

126.3
383.4

100.6
335.8
127.1
389.5

104.5
339.7
129.7
397.3

3,546.5
104.2
730.1
617.8
583.8

3,663.2
107.8
753.7
632.4
613.7

3,772.4
110.3
778.3
647.8
653.0

308.7
47.1
91.9
48.2

314.1
48.7
96.0
47.4

317.7
49.5
98.8
48.2

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,296.4
318.8
178.5

5,392.4

823.4
1,118.7
796.0

843.8
1,137.3
818.1
474.8
118.9

5,474.7
323.7
183.5
862.9
1,152.0
836.2
476.1
122.6
77.3
80.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,353.5
23.7
37.5
492.1
360.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

879.0
128.4

916.7

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

527.1
98.8
333.4

467.7
112.4
76.6
79.6
50.4
313.5
241.7

322.1
180.7

77.1
80.1
49.1
317.3
245.8

(

}

3.8
(

4.0

)

(

>

(

>

(M
( )
( )
(M

( )
( )

(M
( )

214.0
6.3
48.7
33.2
37.7

4.0

14.9
2.5
5.2
2.3

15.0
2.6
5.5
2.7

15.2
2.6
5.7
3.1

13.2
.5
.6
.7
.9
.6
.4

213.9

223.1
13.0
8.4

227.3
13.5
8.9
38.9
44.4
35.5

1 V
)

1

(1)

1.7
15.0
10.0

32.1
.8
.1
7.2
7.8

50.3
1.0

51.2

1.1
.1
7.2
7.7

18.6
14.2

18.9

14.8

1.4
19.5
16.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.8
.2
.1
1.2
.3

77.6
6.6
2.9
51.1
6.9

81.5
7.3
3.2
54.0
7.5

82.5
7.3
3.3
54.1
7.9

20.4
)
!)
1
)

20.9

202.8

213.0
10.5
2.5
4.4
13.0
4.5
12.1
87.2
11.1
49.1
7.1
10.5
1.5
2.3
2.2
8.2

219.4
10.8
2.7
4.6
13.9
4.4
12.7
90.4

131.4

5,306.2
259.0
56.7
127.5

5,406.5
266.6

5,496.0
273.1

58.0

58.8

129.0

131.0

342.9
87.2
206.3

350.9
87.2

357.9
87.2
216.9

1.0
.2

(M

2

( )
(
>
)

(M

1,091.1

4.1

166.2
277.8

.5

(!)
( )
(M

!)
(M

4.5
4

(

>

(M

11.6
80.1
4.6

(M

.4
( )

(M

1.4

10.1
2.5
4.4
12.7
4.5

(

(M
1

39.0
44.2
34.7

1.6
14.8
9.5

140.1
69.8
938.6
134.5

19.5

8.1
36.9
41.9
32.8

.4
.2
.5

.1
7.0
7.7

?

12.5

282.8
16.1
3.9
19.7
4.3

17.0
6.8
3.7
2.6

136.8
68.0

149

46.2
31.2
34.4

(!)
(
>

133.1

164.1

203.8
5.9

3.8
20.1
4.3
1.6

16.7
6.3
3.5
2.5

11 \

1.8
.2
.1

162.6

188.7
5.7
43.3
29.0
30.4

4.0

13.4
.5
.6
.7
.9
.6
.4

1,556.6

67.1
53.2

4.5
13.2
3.5
20.4

(M

13.6
.4
.7
.7
.9
.7
.4

1,526.4

48.9
68.7
53.7

3.8
12.8
3.4
18.7

3.0
17.4

(i \

1,474.6

1,074.9
164.8
274.7
47.4

3.4
12.5

(M

4.2

32.1

160.4
271.7
46.7
65.6
52.3
161.1

4.3
18.8

(1 )
(

(M

31.6
1.0

1,059.5

4.2
17.5

(M

1

1,441.4
24.6
38.2
512.8
392.9

2,315.6
674.3

4.2
16.4

>

1,392.5
24.3
37.5
499.9
373.7

See footnotes at end of table.




(

.4
.2
.5

213.0
2,264.7
667.5

1.8
2.0
53.3
127.6
100.8

(M

(M

.4
.2
.6

2,218.2
673.5

1.9
48.9
118.2
93.8

(M

51.5
321.4
247.2

65.6

2.0
45.6
114.1
91.4

>
)

(

1998

264.9
15.0

4.5
.5

(

1997

254.4
14.1
3.7
20.6
4.1
1.4

4.5
.5

4.6
.5

1996

1998

1,149.1
4,047.3

3.524.1
123.0
537.8

118.8

1997

1996

10.4
47.4
6.7
10.2
1.5
2.5
2.3
7.8

1.0
1.2

17.4
7.4
3.9
2.6
1.8

15.3
10.3

54.2
1.0

10.8
49.8
7.0

10.5
1.6
2.3
2.1
8.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1996

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

924.4
39.4
24.5
89.8
17.2
9.4
8.6
111.8
320.3
266.4
12.2
127.8

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

1997

1998

917.1

920.8
38.6
24.8
89.2
17.6
9.7
8.3
112.4

39.1
25.2
88.5
17.9
9.8
8.0

113.9
313.7

317.2
264.8

1996

403.7
16.3
4.7
25.8
3.9

1.5
1.4
49.6
230.8
204.9

1997

Wholesale and retail trade

1998

1996

1997

1998

1,620.4
91.3
23.2
129.5
20.5
10.6
11.4
284.5
676.5

1,662.2

407.8
17.1
4.9
25.5
3.7
1.5
1.5
51.9
232.4
205.5
6.7
16.6

412.2
17.4
5.0
25.7
4.0
1.6

62
19.3
3.9
20.0

6.0
19.5
3.8
20.5

110.3
22.4
78.3
27.0
85.0

1,641.1
91.9
24.0
130.4
20.3
10.5
11.5
289.6
689.2
577.7
33.5
111.6
22.4
78.2
26.5
84.9

1.5
52.6
234.0

565.0
32.5

91.7
24.7
129.8

20.6
10.3
11.5
293.5

703.1

11.8

12.1

49.1
19.9
40.3

49.1
19.7
38.5

261.9
12.1
123.6
11.8
50.4
20.2
38.0

844.9
20.1
147.0
166.0
83.4

833.7
19.8
144.4
164.6
82.5

825.3
19.5
142.0
162.9
84.7

168.1
4.7
53.0
33.2
25.7

170.3
4.6
53.4
33.0
26.5

171.7
4.8
50.6
35.5
28.4

813.0
25.7
177.1
141.8
122.2

838.7
27.0
181.6
143.9
130.9

852.4
27.1
184.2
145.4
136.3

21.6
2.5
7.4
3.6

23.4
2.7
8.1
3.6

24.1
2.8
8.1
3.7

18.3
3.2
5.5
2.3

18.0
3.1
5.3
2.2

17.8
3.1
5.1
2.1

80.2
11.9
26.7
13.3

80.6
12.1
27.2
12.7

80.9
12.1
27.9
13.1

1,093.9
65.3
46.4
140.9
225.1
92.0
99.3
21.2
20.0
22.5
13.6
61.0
58.8

1.091.8
65.0
46.3
140.3
223.1
93.1
99.9
21.6
19.5
23.0
12.2
60.9
58.5

1.094.6
65.2
47.3
142.5
222 8
93.3
99.0
21.9
19.8
23.1
13.5
60.4
56.3

231.7
14.6
5.6
43.6
45.5
35.7

234.3
14.7
5.2
44.8
45.4
36.7
20.7
4.9
3.1
3.6
2.7
13.8
10.4

241.4

1.295.1
79.0
44.4
215.2

1,309.7
80.3
45.1
216.8
270.7
214.1
109.7
32.2
18.2

1,324.7

10.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

174.1
2.0
3.7
52.0
55.0

180.9
2.1
3.7
53.3
56.8

185.8
2.3
3.8
54.6
58.2

77.3
2.0
1.8
23.5
28.5

79.1
1.7
23.9
29.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

235.8
19.9
9.1
142.0
17.9

243.6
21.4
9.3
147.3
17.9

244.7
22 2
9.2
148.9
17.8

73.5
4.5
3.3
50.8
3.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

929.6
56.9
10.0
34.1
45.2
12.7
56.1
305.2
60.2

938.1
57.0
10.1
34.1
45.6
12.9
57.2
305.7
58.7
137.3
44.2
54.9
11.1
8.6
13.2
47.9

944.5
56.5
10.1
34.4
47.2
13.1
57.4
305.8
57.7
140.4
42.9
55.3
11.9
9.0
13.6
M.I

273.6
14.5
4.3
4.7

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-M iddletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

134.4
43.1
55.5
11.1
8.5
12.9
48.0

11.9
127.6

See footnotes at end of table.




150

6.8
17.7
6.0
18.5
3.9
19.3

19.2
4.6
2.9
4.0
2.8

14.3
10.0

22.9

5.1
8.1
105.6
32.9
66.1
7.3

15.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
7.3

206.9

7.1
17.3

15.0
5.0
47.3
46.1
38.0

21.2

265.8
213.2
109.0
31.3
18.2
18.1
11.2

588.0
34.2
113.7
24.4
77.6

26.3
86.3

80.3
44.9
220.4
273.3

217.2

18.2
10.7

109.6
32.7
18.2
18.2
10.9

78.4
61.5

78.9
62.3

79.1
62.6

82.4
2.2
1.6
24.0
32.6

318.3
6.1
8.9
118.3
86.1

324.6
6.1
9.1
119.0
88.3

331.7
6.1
9.0
120.9
91.2

74.9
4.6
3.3
52.4
3.6

76.4
4.5
3.4
53.9
3.8

365.9
34.0
19.5
218.3
27.6

377.5
34.4
20.1
227.7
27.8

383.9
34.9
20.5
233.2
28.5

278.9
15.5
4.3
4.9
23.1
5.2
8.1

285.7
15.8
4.4
4.8
23.8
5.2
8.0
109.9
34.1
67.6
8.5

1,200.9
54.4
15.0
28.8
75.7
20.6
51.3
493.3
112.6
256.2
37.6
65.3
12.0
12.7
12.7
39.4

1,217.0
56.8
15.5
29.0
78.2
20.5
53.1
499.0
110.3
256.8
38.7
66.0
12.3
12.8
13.0
39.0

1,230.5
58.3
15.7
29.0
80.0
20.3
53.9
506.8
112.5
257.9
38.5
66.3
12.4
12.9
13.2
39.6

2.1

107.0
33.6
66.4
8.0
15.4

1.9
2.1
2.0
7.8

4.8
3.3
3.5
2.7

14.5

16.1
1.9
2.0
2.1
8.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued

1996

717.9
25.5

722.1
25.3

3.8
28.1
4.4
1.4
2.2
78.6

3.7
29.0
4.6

NewYork
Albany-Schenectady-Troy ...
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

468.5
5.4
22.9
5.0
18.1
7.7
26.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria ...
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

1998

1997

1.3
2.1
78.9
506.4
473.4

1998

1996

1997

1998

2,612.8

2,699.1

1,406.9

134.8
30.3
163.0
34.0

109.2

14.4
360.6

2,799.4
139.6
30.4
164.6
34.8
11.7
14.4
374.7

1,400.6

129.5
28.8
158.3
32.8
10.5
14.2
352.2

1,414.9
109.2
21.9
87.2
22.5
7.3
10.0
181.8

1,511.7
1,325.8
32.7
163.1
33.6
99.4
39.8
145.3

109.0
21.6
87.0
22.6
7.4
9.8
178.7
634.2

10.9

1,400.3

5.5
21.3
5.0
17.8
7.7
26.7

1,226.7
31.0

136.6

.,454.8
.,274.9
31.7
157.7
31.8
97.5
38.1
141.7

155.3
3.1
50.2
31.2
27.9

167.3
3.3
54.2
32.4
29.2

178.1
3.6
59.9
34.2
30.1

811.4
29.8
175.4
151.9
177.7

869.0
31.8
185.8
161.1
189.8

14.3
2.3
5.7
1.6

14.8
2.3
6.1
1.5

15.6
2.4
6.8
1.5

84.3
15.0
27.4
13.2

278.0

288.6

298.8

12.6

13.0

5.8
52.5
71.8
67.0

5.9
52.9
74.2
72.2
18.1

13.2
6.4
55.2
75.6
75.2
18.9
6.5
2.1
2.6
1.5

1,417.8
87.7
48.3
232.5
324.6

17.7
4.4
2.1

6.4
2.1
2.8

1.4
10.7

1.5
11.0

9.3

9.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

67.2
1.0
1.8

69.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ..
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver.
Salem

91.0
7.1
3.1
63.6
6.5

94.8
7.2
3.1

308.7

11.2
9.4

153.4
30.8
96.9
36.8

221.4
133.1
25.4
19.7
19.2
13.0
87.9
61.9

1.8

363.3
6.6
8.3

29.8
21.4

21.4
87.3
22.5
7.3
9.7
178.9
628.2
546.0
26.8
78.1
19.4

59.1

932.6
33.1
201.3
168.0
208.7

561.4
15.1
84.1
64.8

576.3
15.4
88.1
66.2

116.5

120.5

594.2
15.9
91.8
68.6
126.9

87.5
15.7
29.4
12.2

89.5
16.1
30.3
12.2

70.8
9.8
14.0
12.0

70.8
10.2
14.4
12.4

70.6
10.5
14.9
12.5

1,473.7
88.6

1,511.8
88.5
50.6
256.7
345.7
238.9
139.0
29.2
19.8
19.5

752.3
46.7
19.4
101.2

757.9
47.2

762.9

19.7

19.9
101.3

49.6
250.0
336.0
230.1
137.5
27.0
20.3
19.4
13.5
90.8

64.1

14.2
93.6
65.9

143.0
133.3
72.4
19.3

10.2
10.4
6.3
46.2

276.2
4.1
11.8
102.4
41.9

277.8
4.0
12.1
101.7
42.5

249.5
24.8
10.5
114.8
36.7

255.4
25.3
10.9
118.4
37.6

711.8
30.4
8.0
15.3
69.4
13.9
18.3
295.5

703.8
30.8
8.1

246.6
25.0
10.3

312.8
13.2
1.8
5.4
25.6
4.2

318.2
13.8

719.8
29.9
8.0
15.0
70.9

62.1
9.0
13.6

9.7
161.6
52.3
64.8
8.3
13.9

1.5
2.0
2.3
5.1

1.5
2.0
2.1
5.1

1.5
2.1

1,714.6
83.2
15.7
36.1
96.0
26.0
54.5
812.5
282.2
373.6
39.8
78.9
13.5
14.0
14.5
38.2

1,773.1

9.3
157.9
53.0
62.7
8.5
13.8

1,651.4
79.6
14.9
35.1
90.6
26.1
51.6
777.4
276.9
365.9
38.0
76.8
13.1
13.7
14.1
37.2

13.5
2.0
5.6
25.0
4.4
9.0

154.6
53.4

I5I

1.7
5.4
25.3
4.1

2.1
5.2

87.1
16.2
37.3
101.5

26.1
56.4
848.5
291.8
383.2
42.0
80.5
14.0
14.5
14.5
38.4

70.6
20.2
10.4
10.7
6.4

11.6
101.2
41.7

416.8
38.4
19.3
261.3
32.0

66.7
6.6

137.5

271.4
4.2

402.8
36.9
18.4
252.5
31.0

123.1

10.4

143.2

30.1

382.6
36.1
17.3
238.6
30.1

1.7
28.7
20.1

99.3
142.8
136.6
71.6
20.0

47.6

10.5
6.4
46.7
30.6

95.2
7.3
3.1
67.4
6.7

19.6

26.9
80.0
19.1
61.7
27.9
59.8

58.5

143.6
107.9

27.8

19.4

639.6
556.3

61.1
27.8

404.3
7.0
8.4
155.1

73.2
1.1

551.5
27.5
78.7

60.0
28.0

379.0
6.9
8.3
146.6
114.3

1.0

See footnotes at end of table.




1.2
2.2
79.3

1997

517.6

2.9

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

735.6
25.9
3.8
29.4
4.7

1996

484.0
5.7
20.9
5.1
17.9
8.2
26.9

501.0

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

113.6
35.7

13.8
18.3
302.0
127.3
123.3

18.7
34.8
5.5

24.1
6.1
16.0

118.7
124.6
18.6
34.9

5.6
25.3
6.2
16.1

47.1
31.4

15.4
66.3
14.0
18.3
292.7
115.1
122.9
18.8

34.9
5.6
26.0
6.1
16.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

441.6
497.9

450.0
505.7

458.0
515.8

0.2
2

1,675.2
212.1
273.0
448.0

1,720.2
221.8
280.8
457.5

1,787.1
233.6
291.3
469.1

1.8

348.7
45.6
98.9

354.9
46.4
102.1

361.3
48.0
105.6

2.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,533.4
219.8
196.5
314.2
545.5
609.4

2,584.0
219.6
199.0
318.8
563.3
630.2

2.636.6
219.2
196.1
324.0
579.2
649.7

4.6

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,256.1
53.7

8,608.0
55.4
93.5
566.3

8,939.0
57.2
95.8
599.2

157.2
73.3

161.3
75.3
99.5
71.8

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

91.9
540.9
151.2

71.9

58.1

97.4
68.0
153.9
1,756.8
243.2
708.0
87.4
1,894.4
97.2
60.4
88.5
113.1
133.9
103.5
43.5
661.5
43.9
50.8
76.7
35.3
94.8
59.7

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden ...

954.5
129.9
643.0

993.8
1353
668.8

1,023.9
140 8
687.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

274.9
30.4
96.8

279.2
302
984

285.9
30.7
100.7

3,136.0
36.8

3,231.8
37.4
80.7
45.5

3,309.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma

94.0
64.9

150.6
1,663.3
236.8
679.7
87.1
1,813.7

94.5
56.6
85.0
109.8

126.9
97.7
42.0
636.4
42.0
50.2
73.5
33.8
92.6

78.1
44.6
96.3
643.5
955.4
508.3

96.9
667.2
999.5
524.8

140.1

140.8

2,415.6

2,514.2

1,225.5

1,294.0

181.5
221.6

184.7
229.5

51.0

13.9
15.5

14.6
16.2

15.4
17.4

1.9

1.8

94.3
14.0
14.3
28.4

99.8
15.9
15.5
29.8

105.8
17.1
16.0
30.9

1.7

14.7
2.9
4.6

15.2
3.1
4.8

16.0
2.9
5.2

4.3
4

113.1
9.4
10.4
16.7
23.5
29.6

118.1
10.2
11.0
15.8
25.0
31.1

122.8
9.8
11.1
16.2
26.8
32.4

.9
2.5
11.7

.9
2.4
11.6

435.4
2.1
4.4
27.8
12.6
8.8
3.0
2.7
12.5
74.7
10.9
32.6
5.2
125.8
3.8
2.2
3.8
4.1
6.4
5.5

460.3
2.2
4.7
29.8
15.3
9.6
3.5
2.9
12.3
82.4
11.6
35.3
4.4
127.0
4.2
2.1
4.3
4.2
6.9
5.6
1.9
34.2
2.2
2.1
2.9
2.4
4.4
2.5

495.7
2.3
4.6

1.4

166.8
1.4
.7
1.3
.8
1.5

60.4
9.5
39.2

64.4
9.2

43.1

68.3
9.9
44.8

.6

12.5
1.4
4.6

12.9
1.4
4.8

14.1
1.5
5.2

10.6

175.9
1.5
4.2
2.2
5.5
39.7
52.3

186.1

)

2.2

(M
(M

(M
4.6

(!)

!

(M

(M

(!)

(!)
(M

(M
!

(J)1

165.4
1.7
.7
1.3
.8

156.3

1.4
.7
1.2
.7
1.3

(M

(M
.7
2.4
11.8

(M

(1)

4.6
.8
69.2

4.3
.8
64.6

4.4
.8
67.4
1
( )

3.0
3.2
.1
1.0
11.9
.6
1.8

3.2
3.4
.1

2.4
3.5
.1

1.1
1.9

1.2
13.2
.6
1.8

1.6
1.6

1.6
1.8

(M

13.2
.7
(!)

!

(M

1.4
1.4
1.2

1.2

1.1

7.9

8.3

8.0

1,036.6
534.0
144.2
2,596.3
1,351.1
188.9
235.0

3.0

3.0

(M

.6

()
(M

(M
10.9

)

( )
< >
(
>

(

>
)

(M

(M

(

>

3.4
.7

(M

2.8

(M
(M

11.3
(

(

1998

0.2
.2

()

(M

1997

0.2
2

79.3
35.9
96.9
60.1

38.1
83.6
45.5
98.2
678.4

152

1996

1

(M

115.4
139.5
107.1
44.3
681.9
44.2

See footnotes at end of table.




(M

156.7
1,834.9
246.0
739.4
89.4
1,988.1
99.6
63.8
90.6

(

1998

3.5
.7

(M

3.3
.7

1.8
31.9
1.8
2.3
2.7
2.0
4.2
2.2

33.1
16.5

11.0
3.8
2.9
12.0
89.7
11.6
38.4
4.4
137.3
4.3
2.3
4.1
4.2
6.9
7.3
1.9
35.5
2.4
22
3.2
2.3
4.7
2.6

30.8
7.9

55.9
33.2
8.4

188.8
1.5
4.3
2.5
5.9
39.9
58.7
32.9
8.7

127.9
61.2
10.8
12.3

136.3
66.5
10.5
12.6

142.2
72.2
10.2
13.3

1.5
4.3
2.4
5.8
40.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ...

82.1
104.5

79.8
101.9

78.9
101.5

15.1
17.5

15.4
17.6

16.0
18.3

97.0
114.3

98.4
115.6

98.9
116.2

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

366.0
20.6
25.6

362.7
21.5
25.7
122.6

73.7
11.1
12.6
20.0

75.3
12.3
12.6
20.6

77.0
12.9
13.0
20.7

397.5
54.0
63.0
112.2

412.3
55.1
65.0

125.1

363.6
22.2
26.3
121.4

116.1

430.1
58.1
66.8
119.8

47.8
4.2
13.4

49.4
4.4
13.9

49.5
4.6
14.3

16.3
1.9
6.3

16.3
1.9
6.6

16.6
2.0
6.8

87.7
13.9
25.7

88.3
13.9
25.9

89.5
14.0
26.6

519.3
43.2
53.8
48.2
63.0
96.5

517.6
42.7
52.7
49.1
64.0
96.3

514.7
43.6
49.8
48.3
63.5
95.6

145.2
10.0
7.9
14.0
60.6
31.2

150.8
11.5
7.9
14.3
63.9
31.1

157.6
11.4
7.7
14.2
68.4
32.3

594.4
52.7
44.2
82.3
138.7
147.2

610.2
51.1
45.0
85.1
141.8
152.6

623.6
49.3
45.1
87.3
144.3
158.2

1,056.2
3.1

1,083.9
3.3
9.3
76.6
24.8

1,106.6
3.5

513.6
2.5
5.5
18.7
8.2
2.7
4.4
1.4
6.5
118.6
13.3
64.9
4.1
133.0
3.5
10.0
4.2
5.6
4.8
4.2
2.4
30.8
1.6
2.3
3.7
1.5
3.7
3.0

541.8
2.5
5.3
19.8
8.1
2.8
4.8
1.5
6.6
125.1
13.9
69.5
4.0
140.8
3.5
11.0
4.2
5.7
5.2
4.1
2.8
32.4
1.6
2.6
3.8
1.6
3.9
3.0

1,986.3
14.4
25.9
115.7
35.4
13.9
23.6
14.4
35.1
414.5
56.4
172.9
18.8

2,048.0
14.5
26.3
121.7
35.9
14.4
23.6
14.7
35.9
430.1
57.5
178.7
19.4
435.5
22.6
16.2
22.1
31.9
37.0
27.5
10.3
161.1
9.8

10.9
3.2
16.2
8.6

490.2
2.7
5.6
17.6
8.2
2.8
4.2
1.3
6.5
110.4
12.9
63.6
4.2
125.8
3.4
8.7
3.9
5.8
4.5
4.1
2.2
30.3
1.6
2.2
3.4
1.5
3.8
2.9

2,107.3
15.1
26.9
129.0
36.5
14.8
24.0
15.2
36.2
444.6
58.7
185.1
19.9
450.8
23.1
16.9
22.9
32.2
38.5
28.3
10.3
164.9
9.8
13.6
20.4

13.8

9.6
22.3
14.0

56.1
2.3

230.1
29.1
157.6

238.4
30.6
162.8

243.1
31.7
166.3

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9.5

73.1
24.4
16.5
12.6
3.6

13.5
237.4
44.6

16.3
12.3
4.0
13.3
245.8
43.6

9.4
82.2
25.9
15.6

12.1
4.6
13.4

252.1
42.2
111.2

6.9
5.3
49.6

109.8
8.0
209.9
9.3
1.5
18.9
7.6
12.9
7.4
5.3
50.1

10.5

10.7

6.1
11.4
3.1

16.6
8.2

5.9
11.1
3.2
16.3
8.3

129.5
18.7
81.6

133.0
19.6
82.1

133.9
19.9
82.9

53.9
2.3
42.2

44.1

58.5
2.3
46.2

45.9
3.5
17.8

46.6
3.4
17.9

48.3
3.4
18.8

12.2
1.1
4.6

12.3
1.1
4.7

12.6
1.1
4.7

64.6
6.6
22.0

65.2
6.8
22.3

65.5
6.7
22.3

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

400.0
10.2
8.1
15.8
25.8
67.5
40.7
60.2
19.8

405.2
9.8

162.2
1.3
2.3

167.3
1.4
2.4
1.0
3.6
32.1
60.5
27.1

173.0
1.3
2.4

712.6

724.3
10.1
16.5

732.5
10.7

8.6

1.0
3.6
31.6
64.3
28.3
8.8

9.6
21.3
152.4

19.3

404.9
9.2
8.4
14.9
25.4
70.5
44.2
61.4
18.9

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma

344.7
196.9
22.0
24.0

370.0
218.9
22.5
25.4

379.5
228.4
21.9
25.6

124.9
74.6
8.1
10.0

132.8
77.6
7.8
9.6

136.1
80.3
8.1
9.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden .
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

106.6
8.0
199.2
9.8

1.4
18.3
7.5
13.1

8.1
15.4
25.4
68.9
43.3

61.4

See footnotes at end of table.




153

8.3
219.5
9.3
1.7
19.5
7.8

12.4
7.4
5.0
51.7
10.3
5.6

1.1
3.6
31.6
57.6
26.5
8.6

422.5
22.4
15.6
21.4
31.4
35.3
26.6
10.3
157.3
9.5

13.0

13.3

18.9
9.3

19.4
9.4
21.9

21.2
13.6

9.9

16.0

211.9
120.7

37.1
591.0
294.6
46.2
54.8

9.8
20.7
157.0
215.1

123.6
36.5
607.0
304.1
46.6
57.2

16.5
9.6
20.6
158.9
217.2
124.7
36.6
625.0
316.6
48.5
58.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1996

1997

Services

1998

1996

1997

Government

1998

1996

1997

1998

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

25.3
27.2

26.8
28.7

28.5
30.4

146.8
155.6

151.7
161.0

157.0
167.0

61.3
63.3

63.2
64.6

63.3
64.8

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

72.6
8.5
19.8
15.3

74.9
8.4

20.1
15.4

79.9
8.6
21.7
16.4

374.8
55.4
66.0
92.5

394.6
59.8
69.1
96.8

419.8
64.6
72.6
101.5

294.6
48.5
71.8
54.4

298.9
48.9
72.8
56.3

309.2
50.1
75.1
58.5

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

19.9
1.7

10.7

20.8
1.8
11.3

22.4
2.7
11.7

89.8
13.8
28.7

92.2
14.1
30.0

94.6
14.5
31.2

70.4
7.2
9.6

70.5
7.2
9.6

71.1
7.3
9.9

116.5
14.4
5.8
13.0
27.8
36.8

120.1
15.3
6.0
13.7
27.9
39.3

125.4
15.6
6.1
14.6
28.1
41.9

658.7
55.0
46.4
84.3
153.9
190.3

682.4
55.1
48.5
85.8
162.6
199.1

704.4
56.7
47.6
88.2
168.1
206.3

381.6
35.3
28.1
55.1
78.0
78.0

380.3
33.7
28.0
54.4
78.3
80.7

383.7
32.7
28.7
54.7
80.0
83.0

445.2
2.0
4.7
29.0
4.8
1.8
3.6
2.3
6.5
130.4
9.0
30.6
5.4
96.1
3.9
2.1
3.1
5.2
4.6
3.5
1.6

495.3
2.5
5.1
31.6
5.2
1.9
3.6
2.6
6.4

42.9
2.0
1.7
3.9
1.6
5.6
2.2

466.7
2.4
4.8
30.1
5.1
1.9
3.6
2.4
6.5
139.6
9.5
32.3
5.5
100.2
4.1
2.3
3.3
5.5
4.9
3.6
1.7
43.8
2.1
1.7
4.0
1.6
5.7
2.2

106.1
4.2
2.3
3.6
5.8
5.1
3.9
1.8
45.5
2.5
1.7
4.0
1.5
5.9
2.3

2,228.8
18.2
24.3
151.0
39.5
13.4
25.2
13.7
43.0
492.7
52.3
180.3
17.5
534.1
24.7
9.9
19.8
31.5
27.4
22.1
11.6
191.0
11.2
13.3
20.9
8.9
26.4
15.5

2.386.7
19.0
25.8
161.9
41.1
13.5
27.4
14.8
46.8
532.2
55.0
191.7
18.5
570.2
26.5
11.0
20.8
33.7
30.5
24.4
12.5
205.9
11.9
13.9
23.1
9.4
27.8
16.2

2,515.2
19.8
27.3
173.9
42.2
13.7
27.8
15.7
49.1
559.9
57.6
202.3
19.1
608.2
27.4
12.5
21.4
34.8
32.5
25.1
12.7
215.9
11.9
14.2
24.2
9.6
28.8
16.1

1,457.7
9.8
16.8
125.5
25.6
13.4
21.9
26.2
31.1
191.4
50.7
88.7
27.2
245.7
26.5
13.7
11.5
24.3
34.7
17.2
8.5
131.5
5.5
11.7
10.9
6.1
14.9
12.4

1,483.3
10.0
16.5
126.4
26.1
13.6
22.7
27.0
30.3
196.4
52.8
91.0
26.6
251.4
27.1
14.1
11.5
24.6
35.8
17.5
8.8
133.7
5.7
11.6
11.0
6.1
15.0
12.6

1,510.3
10.1
16.7
128.3
26.1
13.9
23.4
28.3
30.6
201.3
52.3
93.5
27.0
256.2
27.7
14.6
11.4
24.9
37.7
17.8
9.2
134.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

50.5
3.6
41.6

52.5
3.9
43.4

55.3
4.2
45.1

255.3
49 4
170.1

268.8
51.2
179.5

280.0
53.6
185.9

166.8
107.7

172.3
18.5
110.8

176.9
19.3
113.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.1
2.6
4.7

12.2
2.6
4.8

12.3
2.4
4.9

81.6
8.0
28.3

83.7
8.1
28.7

86.5
8.5
29.5

45.4
7.3
14.9

45.7
6.9
15.2

46.1
7.2
15.3

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

162.7
1.1
3.9

168.6

175.2
1.3
4.5
1.4
4.3
32.5
58.7
45.0

915.7
7.5
19.0
8.7
23.2

972.5
7.7
19.8
9.5
24.4
195.7
389.4
134.6

1,022.8
8.3
20.7

596.2
5.4
24.7
5.8

601.8
5.7
26.7
5.9
12.9

176.1
96.8
17.5

596.6
5.6
25.4
5.9
12.8
142.1
179.2
99.8
17.7

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

450.6
175.1
30.0
46.7

458.0
178.1
30.5
47.3

465.6
182.4
31.2
48.4

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

1.4
4.1

1.2
4.1
1.4
4.2

29.5
53.3
43.0
9.1

31.0
55.5
44.2
9.3

124.0
74.9
10.4
11.4

127.7
76.7
10.7
12.0

150.6
9.7
34.6

5.9

9.8
135.0
81.2
11.0
12.5

See footnotes at end of table.




154

187.4
362.9
129.5
40.1
649.1
347.6

54.1
62.3

41.0
678.9

371.5
56.0
65.2

10.2
25.6
201.9
414.2
139.3
43.8
709.6
389.4
58.1
67.4

17.3

12.6
135.4

5.8
11.2
11.2
6.3
15.0
12.5

143.1
178.6
101.7
17.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
1996

W#st Vlrglnta
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ....
Parkersburg-Marietta ..
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

127.8
119.4
68.3
64.0

2,600.5
189.1
68.9
130.9
67.4
49.1
67.2
261.4
812.9
79.4
57.7
61.8

1997

1998

1996

1.3
.4
1.5

34.9
7.1
5.9
4.6
2.4

34.5
6.9
5.6
4.4
2.5

2.5

2.6

2.8

104.4
10.6
2.8
6.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
11.7
28.8
2.9
2.3
2.7

108.3
10.7
2.9
6.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
12.4
30.2
3.2
2.4
2.9

112.5
10.9
3.1
6.7
2.7
2.3
2.7
13.0
31.1
3.4
2.4
2.9

2,655.7
192.6
71.8

2,711.9
196.9
74.1
136.9
69.7
53.6
70.3

81.9
59.7

1998

34.4
6.9
6.0
4.3
2.3

25.8
2.0

276.1
845.3

1997

23.5
1.9
1.3
.3
1.7

718.5
132.3
121.9
69.8
66.4

69.1
50.9
68.4
267.5
827.7
80.2
58.0
64.4

1996

24.6
1.9
1.5
.3
1.6

707.8
130.4
121.0
69.1
65.0

133.8

1998

I

(>
< >
( )
(>
( )

<!

66.3

(M

Wyoming
Casper ..

221.1
29.4

224.5
30.1

227.8
30.7

15.9
1.8

16.8
2.0

17.0
2.1

14.2
1.6

15.1
1.8

15.9
1.9

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

970.6
63.5
69.1
75.3
608.4

986.8
67.1
69.8
76.6

985.3
68.1
70.5
75.8

1.1

1.2

1.3

616.5

613.4

54.7
2.6
3.6
4.7
38.4

57.7
3.0
3.8
4.9
40.0

58.2
3.1
4.1
5.2
40.6

41.3

41.3

41.7

2.5

1.9

1.8

Virgin Islands

See footnotes at end of table.




155

(

>

(M

(M

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Manufacturing

1996

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

81.9
9.8
17.5
13.4
6.2

81.6
10.0
17.2
13.2
6.0

82.4
10.1
16.6
13.0
6.2

39.3
9.2
7.0
2.7
3.1

38 9
9.3
6.7
2.6
2.8

38.9
9.3
6.7
2.7
2.7

160.3
31.4
31.5
17.3
16.2

161.7
31.2
31.6
17.2
16.8

163.2
31.7
31.4
17.4
17.0

601.1
59.0
11.2
27.8
21.1
11.1
11.4
29.0

174.8
25.2
23.5
17.3

608.8
59.2
12.4
28.5
21.1
11.2
11.7
29.4
176.3
25.2
23.9
18.3

616.7
59.8
13.5
29.1
20.6
12.1
12.2
29.4
178.6
25.5
24.9
19.0

121.9
7.2
3.5
9.4
2.4
1.8
3.0
8.8
39.1
2.8
1.8
3.4

124.0
7.5
3.5
9.7
2.6
1.9
3.1
9.0
39.4
2.5
1.7
3.3

126.9
8.1
3.5
9.9
2.9
1.9
3.3
9.1
40.4
2.6
1.7
3.3

595.7
39.8
19.1
30.6
15.7
12.7
19.0
57.0
178.0
16.3
10.7
15.0

604.2
40.6
19.4
31.2
16.1
12.5
18.4
57.9
179.2
16.4
10.7
16.0

609.5
41.4
20.0
31.7
16.4
12.8
18.6
60.0
180.7
16.8
10.8
16.6

10.8
1.5

10.8
1.5

10.9
1.5

13.9
1.5

13.9
1.7

13.9
1.7

52.2
8.5

52.5
8.4

52.7
8.4

153.3
15.6
19.4
10.8
70.9

152.3
16.0
18.0
10.6
70.2

146.9

24.6
.7
.7
2.3
18.7

1.1
.7
2.3
20.5

193.0
13.8
11.4
13.1
128.8

198.9
14.9
12.0
13.3
131.1

201.1
15.6
12.2
13.6

67.1

26.1
.8
.7
2.3
20.4

26.7

17.9
9.8

2.3

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

9.3

9.3

9.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area

I 56

15.7

132.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1998

1996

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
1
2

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

27.3
7.1
3.8
2.5
2.7

28.2
7.5
3.8
2.6
2.8

28.6
7.9
4.0
2.6
2.7

191.0
38.4
31.6
17.2
21.7

198.9
39.9
33.3
18.6
22.5

207.0
40.8
35.4
20.1
23.5

138.7
23.2
20.7
10.6
10.3

139.1
23.6
21.0
10.0
10.1

140.5

138.0
9.2
2.4
9.9
1.8
1.6
2.5
20.5
56.4
2.3
2.2
4.6

140.2
9.4
2.5
9.4
1.9
1.7
2.4
21.2
57.7
2.3
2.1
4.7

143.8
9.6
2.6
9.9
2.0
1.7
2.5
21.7
58.4
2.4
22
5.0

653.5
41.5
18.1
31.2
15.4
12.2
19.1
64.8

706.7
44.6
19.8
33.8
16.6
14.6
21.1
71.0
266.3
21.8
11.5
12.1

383.5

386.7
21.9

393.1
22.5
11.7

246.8
20.4
11.1
11.6

681.0
43.4
19.4
32.9
16.3
13.5
20.4
67.7
256.1
21.4
11.1
11.8

7.9
1.2

8.2
1.2

8.6
1.2

48.2
7.9

49.2
8.3

44.6
1.6
2.0
2.2
35.0

46.6
1.7
2.0
2.2
36.4

47.2
1.7
2.1
2.3
36.7

182.8
11.0
10.3
15.1
126.5

1.8

1.9

1.9

9.0

Combined with construction.
Not available.




Government

Services

21.7
11.7
15.6

11.7

23.8

21.0
9.4
10.2

16.1
8.6

7.1

15.8
8.5
8.0
9.9
69.9
88.8
9.3
6.2
7.3

8.2
10.0
72.0
90.0
9.6
6.2
7.4

50.5
8.5

58.1
5.3

58.1
5.3

58.3
5.3

194.1
12.1
11.2
16.6

197.4
12.4
11.6
17.0

130.7

132.2

316.5
18.1
21.8
27.1
189.6

310.1
18.6
22.2
26.6
187.0

306.6
18.5
22.0
25.7
183.9

10.0

10.4

14.1

13.6

13.8

8.3
7.5
9.7
69.6
89.0
9.4
6.2

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.

157

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.7
42.4
43.8

41.9
43.4
43.2

42.2
43.0
44.4

$11.55
12.46
13.60

$11.86
12.68
14.06

$12.11
12.86
13.96

$481.64
528.30
595.68

$496.93
550.31
607.39

$511.04
552.98
619.82

Alaska

46.5

46.7

49.9

11.14

11.78

11.09

518.01

550.13

553.39

Arizona

42.8

41.4

40.4

11.49

11.67

12.18

491.77

483.14

492.07

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.5
40.5
41.9
41.9
42.5

41.4
40.9
41.5
41.7
41.7

41.7
41.6
42.5
42.3
40.5

10.41
9.80
10.32
11.14
11.89

10.78
10.38
10.75
11.68
12.50

11.11
10.76
11.20
11.84
13.19

432.02
396.90
432.41
466.77
505.33

446.29
424.54
446.13
487.06
521.25

463.29
447.62
476.00
500.83
534.20

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.5
41.1
41.2
42.0
40.9
42.3
42.1
41.4
40.7
39.2
39.6
40.8
41.3
41.5
39.4
42.5
41.3
41.8

41.9
41.2
41.0
42.4
41.6
42.1
42.8
41.8
41.0
37.5
40.1
40.8
42.0
41.2
40.0
42.9
41.7
42.2

41.7
41.8
40.8
42.4
42.0
41.7
43.4
42.4
40.9
39.6
40.1
41.0
42.4
41.6
39.9
42.0
42.0
42.9

12.84
13.48
11.18
12.05
12.71
15.38
12.75
11.53
13.82
13.48
12.78
13.85
15.82
13.06
14.41
12.92
14.66
12.35

13.24
13.66
11.74
12.44
13.44
15.59
12.82
11.80
14.18
13.83
13.27
14.37
16.42
13.56
14.68
13.23
15.25
12.44

13.67
13.91
12.02
12.83
13.82
15.64
13.02
12.07
14.69
14.25
13.59
14.69
16.80
14.10
15.05
13.47
15.57
12.42

532.86
554.03
460.62
506.10
519.84
650.57
536.78
477.34
562.47
528.42
506.09
565.08
653.37
541.99
567.75
549.10
605.46
516.23

554.76
562.79
481.34
527.46
559.10
656.34
548.70
493.24
581.38
518.63
532.13
586.30
689.64
558.67
587.20
567.57
635.93
524.97

570.04
581.44
490.42
543.99
580.44
652.19
565.07
511.77
600.82
564.30
544.96
602.29
712.32
586.56
600.50
565.74
653.94
532.82

Colorado
Denver

41.2
41.1

41.8
41.3

41.5
42.4

12.83
12.81

13.31
13.11

13.73
12.88

528.60
526.49

556.36
541.44

569.80
546.11

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

42.5
42.3
45.6
42.6
41.2
42.3
40.8
43.4

42.6
42.7
43.6
43.0
42.5
42.4
40.8
43.9

42.7
42.1
42.7
43.2
42.1
42.3
39.6
43.6

14.01
14.60
14.46
14.68
13.46
14.58
14.04
13.09

14.46
14.98
14.84
15.34
14.30
14.93
13.78
13.53

14.83
15.23
14.83
15.63
14.65
15.43
13.75
13.99

595.43
617.58
659.38
625.37
554.55
616.73
572.83
568.11

616.00
639.65
647.02
659.62
607.75
633.03
562.22
593.97

633.24
641.18
633.24
675.22
616.77
652.69
544.50
609.96

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

40.5
39.7
41.7

41.9
40.4
43.1

42.3
40.7
43.8

14.02
12.75
16.95

14.81
13.34
17.77

15.33
13.70
18.56

567.81
506.18
706.82

620.54
538.94
765.89

648.46
557.59
812.93

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

38.5

39.5

39.3

13.68

14.04

14.47

526.68

554.58

568.67

Florida

41.5

41.8

41.7

10.55

10.95

11.43

437.83

457.71

476.63

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

42.3
42.6
48.2

42.4
42.8
48.3

41.8
41.5
47.6

11.19
12.01
14.00

11.64
12.61
14.14

12.04
12.89
15.32

473.34
511.63
674.80

493.54
539.71
682.96

503.27
534.94
729.23

Hawaii

38.1
39.3

37.9
39.5

37.3
39.3

12.79
12.98

13.11
13.04

13.14
13.15

487.30
510.11

496.87
515.08

490.12
516.80

39.5

40.1

38.3

12.15

12.46

12.78

479.93

499.65

489.47

41.7
42.3
41.0
41.8
41.7
41.8
40.9
41.4
42.1
41.0

42.2
41.3
41.4
42.1
42.6
42.7
41.4
42.5
42.7
41.6

41.8
40.2
41.3
42.1
43.1
42.4
41.6
42.6
42.8
41.0

13.03
17.49
10.77
12.95
14.91
15.98
14.05
16.31
14.83
11.69

13.35
17.55
10.94
13.25
15.41
16.58
14.76
16.47
14.94
12.01

13.74
17.76
11.16
13.50
15.63
16.82
15.36
16.54
15.54
12.31

543.35
739.83
441.57
541.31
621.75
667.96
574.65
675.23
624.34
479.29

563.37
724.82
452.92
557.83
656.47
707.97
611.06

574.33
713.95
460.91
568.35
673.65
713.17
638.98
704.60
665.11
504.71

Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.




158

637.94
499.62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area
1997

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
FortWayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

42.8
40.0
39.7
42.3
41.7
42.4
44.2
51.4
43.5
43.2
42.7
42.8

43.2
41.5
39.5
43.4
41.7
42.5
44.2
49.0
42.9
44.6
41.7
43.2

42.9
40.4
40.0
43.4
41.5
43.0
44.0
50.4
43.4
45.6
40.9
45.1

$14.33
11.45
12.17
13.35
14.50
18.64
15.69
18.95
14.81
14.73
12.38
14.02

$14.79
12.54
12.29
14.59
14.73
18.51
15.68
19.66
15.32
14.73
12.80
14.65

$14.96
11.96
12.43
14.62
14.88
18.87
15.62
21.20
15.91
14.87
12.54
14.79

$613.32
458.00
483.15
564.71
604.65
790.34
693.50
974.03
644.24
636.34
528.63
600.06

$638.93
520.41
485.46
633.21
614.24
786.68
693.06
963.34
657.23
656.96
533.76
632.88

$641.78
483.18
497.20
634.51
617.52
811.41
687.28
1068.48
690.49
678.07
512.89
667.03

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

42.0
42.0
41.5
41.7
39.7

42.6
43.0
43.2
41.8
39.3

41.9
41.5
41.8
40.5
40.2

13.13
15.88
13.70
14.39
10.67

13.57
16.54
13.64
14.96
11.35

13.92
17.56
14.14
15.40
11.75

551.46
666.96
568.55
600.06
423.60

578.08
711.22
589.25
625.33
446.06

583.25
728.74
591.05
623.70
472.35

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

42.4
41.8
44.6

42.3
41.1
43.6

41.9
41.9
43.1

12.88
14.04
14.91

13.45
14.93
15.75

13.85
15.97
16.12

546.11
586.87
664.99

568.94
613.62
686.70

580.32
669.14
694.77

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.1
42.0
41.5

41.8
43.0
41.9

41.4
42.6
42.0

12.70
13.65
14.10

13.17
13.96
14.73

13.80
14.00
15.53

521.97
573.30
585.15

550.51
600.28
617.19

571.32
596.40
652.26

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

44.2
43.4
44.3
42.5

44.1
43.0
44.4
42.9

44.1
43.2
43.9
42.5

13.65
16.01
14.23
13.81

14.14
16.47
14.29
13.84

14.64
17.38
14.83
14.31

603.33
694.83
630.39
586.93

623.57
708.21
634.48
593.74

645.62
750.82
651.04
608.18

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

39.9
39.2
38.4

40.6
41.8
37.9

40.6
41.1
41.8

12.71
11.13
11.22

13.12
11.28
11.13

13.50
11.86
11.40

507.13
436.30
430.85

532.67
471.50
421.83

548.10
487.45
476.52

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

41.0
41.5

41.4
41.8

41.6
41.6

13.73
14.51

14.14
14.74

14.31
14.91

562.93
602.17

585.40
616.13

595.30
620.26

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.8
41.6
41.8
42.0

42.3
41.8
42.1
43.2

42.0
41.4
41.6
42.2

13.05
14.06
12.51
12.89

13.42
14.51
12.95
13.50

13.79
14.99
13.46
14.00

545.49
584.90
522.92
541.38

567.67
606.52
545.20
583.20

579.18
620.59
559.94
590.80

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-M idland

43.9
45.3
45.2
46.0
41.8
40.9
43.4
44.1
47.2

44.1
45.8
45.5
46.5
42.2
41.7
44.9
43.9
47.6

43.3
44.3
43.9
43.1
41.6
41.2
43.9
41.7
44.9

16.67
17.30
18.32
21.51
14.29
12.67
15.52
17.79
19.52

17.18
17.99
18.75
22.87
14.56
13.08
15.35
18.56
20.70

17.57
18.95
19.52
25.17
14.72
12.90
15.86
19.40
21.29

731.81
783.69
828.06
989.46
597.32
518.20
673.57
784.54
921.34

757.64
823.94
853.13
1063.46
614.43
545.44
689.22
814.78
985.32

760.78
839.49
856.93
1084.83
612.35
531.48
696.25
808.98
955.92

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.4
40.4
41.5
41.5

41.5
40.1
41.6
42.8

41.3
40.5
42.1
42.4

13.16
11.51
14.08
12.16

13.63
12.23
14.51
12.65

13.91
12.62
14.84
13.20

544.82
465.00
584.32
504.64

565.65
490.42
603.62
541.42

574.48
511.11
624.76
559.68

Mississippi
Jackson

41.3
41.8

41.5
41.6

41.4
40.8

10.18
11.40

10.41
12.00

10.72
11.98

420.43
476.52

432.02
499.20

443.81
488.78

Missouri
Kansas City ,
St. Louis
Springfield ...

41.5
43.4
42.7
40.3

41.6
43.7
43.0
40.0

41.5
43.5
42.3
40.6

12.57
14.30
15.12
10.70

12.98
14.26
15.19
11.02

13.35
14.28
15.83
11.46

521.66
620.62
645.62
431.21

539.97
623.16
653.17
440.80

554.03
621.18
669.61
465.28

Montana

39.1

39.9

39.3

13.00

13.29

13.77

508.30

530.27

541.16

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.6
43.6
41.6

41.3
45.7
41.8

41.9
44.0
42.5

11.51
13.12
12.65

12.10
13.63
13.43

12.32
14.03
13.34

478.82
572.03
526.24

499.73
622.89
561.37

516.21
617.32
566.95

Nevada
Las Vegas

41.6
39.9

42.9
40.2

42.0
40.5

13.59
14.25

14.17
15.39

14.42
16.08

565.34
568.58

607.89
618.68

605.64
651.24

See footnotes at end of table.




159

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

State and area
1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

41.8
41.5
41.6
41.3

42.0
41.4
41.2
41.7

41.3
40.1
41.7
40.8

$12.23
12.80
14.87
11.92

$12.55
13.56
14 75
11.70

$12.77
13.58
14.58
12.20

$511.21
531.20
618.59
492.30

$527.10
561.38
607.70
487.89

$527.40
544.56
607.99
497.76

New Jersey

41.8

42.0

41.8

13.85

14.24

14.58

578.93

598.08

609.44

New Mexico
Albuquerque ...

40.2
40.5

39.8
39.8

38.6
38.0

10.99
11.43

11.74
13.56

12.51
13.79

441.80
462.92

467.25
539.69

482.89
524.02

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
NewYorkPMSA
NewYorkCity
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.8
40.6
41.3
43.1
37.2
42.1
39.5
38.5
38.3
39.6
43.1
42.4
43.3
39.8
40.3

41.2
41.9
40.4
43.2
38.8
41.6
40.3
38.8
38.5
41.0
43.2
42.3
42.9
40.4
40.4

41.1
42.1
40 9
43.1
39.9
41.4
40.1
39.1
38.9
40.4
42.5
42.0
42.5
39.9
40.1

12.78
14.09
10.27
16.45
11.65
11.94
11.84
11.59
11.34
11.39
14.23
15.14
13.90
12.20
11.96

13.19
14.64
10.41
16.65
12.11
1220
12.20
11.99
11.75
11.41
14.85
15.79
14.30
11.55
12.48

13.53
14.56
10.68
17.24
12.13
12.68
12.50
12.41
12.15
11.21
15.05
15.82
14.52
11.80
13.13

521.42
572.05
424.15
709.00
433.38
502.67
467.68
446.22
434.32
451.04
613.31
641.94
601.87
485.56
481.99

543.43
613.42
420.56
719.28
469.87
507.52
491.66
465.21
452.38
467.81
641.52
667.92
613.47
466.62
504.19

556.08
612.98
436.81
743.04
483.99
524.95
501.25
485.23
472.64
452.88
639.63
664.44
617.10
470.82
526.51

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

40.4
40.9
40.4
39.9
41.5

41.2
42.1
41.2
40.6
41.8

41.1
41.4
41.1
40.3
41.6

10.97
10.53
11.78
11.25
11.91

11.41
11.03
12.33
11.70
12.43

11.84
11.40
12.79
12.06
12.94

443.19
430.68
475.91
448.88
494.27

470.09
464.36
508.00
475.02
519.57

486.62
471.96
525.67
486.02
538.30

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead ....

42.2
42.0

40.5
40.6

40.0
40.0

10.95
10.96

11.29
11.22

11.45
10.91

462.09
460.32

457.25
455.53

458.00
436.40

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown- Warren

43.3
42.6
40.8
43.0
43.2
42.1
44.5
45.8
43.0
43.4
43.3
44.8
43.1

43.6
42.9
41.8
43.6
43.8
42.6
44.7
45.8
43.7
43.6
42.1
44.5
43.1

42.9
42.7
41.4
43.3
43.2
42.3
43.3
45.9
43.1
43.2
41.2
43.6
42.0

14.70
12.29
13.17
14.26
14.67
13.65
15.73
16.33
15.45
15.53
16.51
16.47
15.87

15.30
12.74
13.62
14.63
15.05
14.30
16.52
16.82
16.20
15.93
16.12
16.59
17.27

15.78
13.18
13.92
15.16
15.43
14.81
16.87
17.40
16.19
16.19
17.46
17.11
17.59

636.51
523.55
537.34
613.18
633.74
574.67
699.99
747.91
664.35
674.00
714.88
737.86
684.00

667.08
546.55
569.32
637.87
659.19
609.18
738.44
770.36
707.94
694.55
678.65
738.26
744.34

676.96
562.79
576.29
656.43
666.58
626.46
730.47
798.66
697.79
699.41
719.35
746.00
738.78

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

42.0
43.3
41.8

42.4
43.7
42.3

41.5
42.7
42.5

11.78
13.12
12.53

12.36
13.72
12.80

12.62
13.59
13.14

494.76
568.10
523.75

524.06
599.56
541.44

523.73
580.29
558.45

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

40.2
40.0
40.2
40.5
38.5

40.9
39.6
39.8
41.7
39.7

40.7
40.7
39.4
40.7
39.7

13.01
12.87
11.93
13.17
11.54

13.39
12.79
12.38
13.45
11.73

14.06
13.45
12.89
14.42
11.98

523.00
514.80
479.59
533.39
444.29

547.65
506.48
492.72
560.87
465.68

572.24
547.42
507.87
586.89
475.61

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

41.2
41.2
39.7
43.5
39.0
39.6
39.9
40.8
42.8
41.6
39.8
42.9
42.0
41.0
41.1

42.0
42.2
40.7
44.2
40.0
39.7
40.6
41.7
43.0
42.2
41.3
43.2
42.3
41.2
42.3

41.9
42.2
40.0
44.3
40.1
39.7
40.8
41.2
42.5
42.2
40.9
42.0
41.4
40.6
42.7

13.40
13.40
11.21
13.65
12.80
9.99
12.95
14.46
14.51
14.48
11.98
14.11
11.40
11.04
13.40

13.78
13.93
11.58
13.97
13.19
10.16
12.76
14.88
14.71
15.03
12.39
14.68
11.88
11.01
14.09

14.07
14.50
12.17
14.24
13.65
10.40
12.91
15.27
15.03
15.04
12.69
13.93
12.17
11.39
14.44

552.08
552.08
445.04
593.78
499.20
395.60
516.71
589.97
621.03
602.37
476.80
605.32
478.80
452.64
550.74

578.76
587.85
471.31
617.47
527.60
403.35
518.06
620.50
632.53
634.27
511.71
634.18
502.52
453.61
596.01

589.53
611.90
486.80
630.83
547.37
412.88
526.73
629.12
638.78
634.69
519.02
585.06
503.84
462.43
616.59

Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

See footnotes at end of table.




I 60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings

State and area

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

1998

1996

1997

40.0
40.2

40.9
41.5

40.6
41.3

$10.95
11.03

$11.31
11.48

$11.59
11.87

$438.00
443.41

$462.58
476.42

$470.55
490.23

41.8

42.2

42.6

10.25

10.35

10.54

428.45

436.77

449.00

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.5
40.3
41.9

41.9
40.8
42.0

42.6
41.0
43.8

9.59
9.55
9.95

9.96
9.78
10.34

10.22
10.39
10.65

397.99
384.87
416.91

417.32
399.02
434.28

435.37
425.99
466.47

40.6
41.5
39.6
40.1
41.8
40.7

41.2
42.3
39.6
40.7
41.8
41.2

40.5
41.9
38.6
41.0
40.7
40.6

11.30
10.77
11.98
10.93
11.71
11.90

11.71
10.78
12.64
11.29
12.21
12.69

12.06
11.17
13.01
11.93
12.88
12.88

458.78
446.96
474.41
438.29
489.48
484.33

482.45
455.99
500.54
459.50
510.38
522.83

488.43
468.02
502.19
489.13
524.22
522.93

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.0
43.8
42.8
44.7
41.4

43.5
43.5
43.6
45.8
41.2

43.7
43.1
43.4
45.2
42.5

11.81
11.59
12.44
13.96
9.49

12.03
12.13
12.80
14.01
9.71

12.15
12.46
13.10
14.34
9.81

507.83
507.64
532.43
624.01
392.89

523.31
527.66
558.08
641.66
400.05

530.96
537.03
568.54
648.17
416.93

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.3
40.2

40.2
40.0

40.4
40.3

12.21
12.26

12.85
12.68

13.10
12.89

492.06
492.85

516.57
507.20

529.24
519.47

Vermont
Burlington

40.5
43.4

40.7
44.1

39.6
44.0

12.42
12.67

12.70
13.23

13.03
13.85

503.01
549.88

516.89
583.44

515.99
609.40

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.5
41.4
41.6
41.5
40.0
40.2
43.4
39.3

42.2
40.8
43.5
43.7
42.5
41.1
42.7
40.2

42.2
39.9
43.7
42.5
45.0
41.4
41.8
40.9

12.19
10.14
10.12
11.59
11.87
12.36
15.93
13.24

12.51
10.60
10.13
12.49
12.23
12.71
15.79
14.17

12.91
10.58
10.57
12.85
12.69
13.22
16.16
14.09

505.89
419.80
420.99
480.99
474.80
496.87
691.36
520.33

527.92
432.48
440.66
545.81
519.78
522.38
674.23
569.63

544.80
422.14
461.91
546.13
571.05
547.31
675.49
576.28

Washington

40.8

40.6

40.8

14.73

15.16

15.75

600.98

615.50

642.60

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.2
46.8
41.0
42.9
40.5

41.7
46.7
42.9
43.8
40.5

41.6
47.6
43.2
42.2
40.3

12.96
14.15
14.40
16.25
15.51

13.17
14.66
14.69
16.85
15.22

13.71
15.58
15.47
17.21
16.65

533.95
662.22
590.40
697.13
628.16

549.19
684.62
630.20
738.03
616.41

570.34
741.61
668.30
726.26
671.00

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

42.2
44.3
46.5
42.4
45.4
39.6
40.9
41.1
41.8
41.7
43.3
42.9

42.4
44.2
42.2
42.2
45.3
39.4
42.2
41.5
42.0
42.8
42.8
43.3

41.8
44.4
41.6
41.4
43.5
39.5
42.1
40.4
41.6
41.5
42.6
42.7

13.14
14.21
13.02
14.33
16.80
14.06
11.24
12.42
14.22
13.68
12.93
12.72

13.66
14.83
12.72
14.86
17.24
14.78
11.81
12.71
14.93
14.13
12.96
13.21

14.04
15.23
12.72
15.45
18.00
15.34
12.27
13.13
15.02
14.56
13.84
13.53

554.51
629.50
605.43
607.59
762.72
556.78
459.72
510.46
594.40
570.46
559.87
545.69

579.18
655.49
536.78
627.09
780.97
582.33
498.38
527.47
627.06
604.76
554.69
571.99

586.87
676.21
529.15
639.63
783.00
605.93
516.57
530.45
624.83
604.24
589.58
577.73

Wyoming

40.1

40.3

40.4

13.17

14.54

14.88

528.12

585.96

601.15

Puerto Rico

38.6

39.6

40.0

7.70

7.99

8.40

297.22

316.40

336.00

Virgin Islands

41.5

42.7

40.1

17.00

18.09

18.60

705.50

772.44

745.86

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




State and area data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmarks.

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Labor force status by census region and division
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Northeast
New England
Middle Atlantic
South
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central
Midwest
East North Central
West North Central
West .
Mountain ..
Pacific

1995

1996

1997

1998

1995

1997

1998

5.6

5.4

4.7

4.8
5.9

4.4
5.7

3.5
5.1

1996

1995

1996

1997

1998

25,365.7

25,644.6

26,129.1

26,076.0

1,516.0

1,442.0

1,406.6

1,214.6

6.0

6,954.7
18,410.9

6,996.4
18,648.2

7,118.0
19,011.2

7,114.4
18,961.6

373.4
1,142.6

335.2
1,106.8

314.0
1,092.6

249.7
964.9

5.4
6.2

45,807.2

46,423.9

47,175.9

47,834.4

2,494.5

2,430.6

2,324.7

2,112.6

5.4

5.2

4.9

4.4

23,612.3
7,887.7
14,307.2

23,980.6
7,964.5
14,478.8

24,441.1
8,055.5
14,679.3

24,705.6
8,104.8
15,024.0

1,203.4
447.3
843.8

1,190.2
430.9
809.5

1,109.9
431.6
783.1

1,003.7
363.5
745.5

5.1
5.7
5.9

5.0
5.4
5.6

4.5
5.4
5.3

4.1
4.5
5.0

32,425.8

32,794.7

33,008.3

33,151.7

1,480.9

1,479.2

1,334.8

1,240.1

4.6

4.5

4.0

3.7

22,479.7
9,946.1

22,698.3
10,096.4

22,899.7
10,108.6

22,970.9
10,180.8

1,089.4
391.5

1,072.3
406.9

979.1
355.7

908.1
332.0

4.8
3.9

4.7
4.0

4.3
3.5

4.0
3.3

28,905.4

29,286.3

29,983.6

30,755.0

1,921.6

1,894.8

1,672.6

1,649.9

6.6

6.5

5.6

5.4

8,151.0
20,754.3

8,271.7
21,014.6

8,413.7
21,569.9

8,710.4
22,044.6

397.1
1,524.5

423.7
1,471.1

362.1
1,310.4

382.7
1,267.3

4.9
7.3

5.1
7.0

4.3
6.1

4.4
5.7

NOTE: These estimates are obtained by summing the State
estimates. The States (including the District of Columbia) that
compose the various census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and
Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West
Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and




Percent of labor force

Number

State and area

162

Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and
Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and
Washington.

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
4. Labor force status by State
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

State and area

1995

1996

1997

1998

1995

1996

2,068.7
303.0
2,190.7
1,219.6
15,412.2
2,087.5
1,711.1
382.0
284.1
6,850.8

2,098.6
313.0
2,209.5
1,230.5
15,511.6
2,093.2
1,718.5
383.1
270.9
6,956.3

2,168.3
315.3
2,184.6
1,214.1
15,941.3
2,151.6
1,723.3
381.7
258.2
7,119.2

2,152.6
316.9
2,272.4
1,215.4
16,329.2
2,245.6
1,709.3
392.3
267.3
7,228.0

129.9
22.2
111.2
59.2
1,209.4
87.5
94.3
16.6
25.3
376.1

107.6
24.5
121.7
66.4
1,120.1
88.4
98.7
19.8
23.1
352.8

109.9
24.9
101.5
64.3
1,004.4
70.2
87.9
15.4
20.5
338.6

Georgia....
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky..
Louisiana .
Maine

3,617.2
576.4
600.5
6,110.9
3,126.0
1,559.5
1,338.1
1,861.3
1,952.8
639.9

3,738.9
593.6
617.2
6,165.5
3,065.1
1,593.1
1,348.6
1,864.6
1,997.9
665.9

3,907.2
596.8
632.9
6,195.7
3,086.3
1,579.4
1,368.5
1,917.2
2,014.1
659.4

4,020.8
597.0
653.1
6,223.2
3,088.3
1,569.8
1,410.7
1,923.9
2,063.1
651.0

176.3
33.8
32.4
314.8
145.5
54.4
59.5
100.3
134.5
36.7

172.3
37.9
32.3
325.7
126.4
59.8
60.8
104.9
134.7
33.9

Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .

2,715.1
3,164.1
4,813.9
2,594.9
1,257.0
2,833.4
437.1
898.1
802.3
633.3

2,787.8
3,171.6
4,897.4
2,603.4
1,257.3
2,904.7
445.9
909.9
839.9
623.1

2,783.6
3,260.2
4,961.6
2,624.6
1,262.3
2,892.6
455.3
906.3
883.2
645.6

2,756.1
3,273.4
5,029.2
2,681.7
1,268.7
2,857.3
467.8
916.4
919.8
652.2

138.4
169.8
257.5
96.1
77.0
135.5
25.8
23.8
43.3
25.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina .
North Dakota ...
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...

4,064.2
791.0
8,509.3
3,630.8
335.6
5,585.0
1,546.3
1,652.8
5,837.5
487.5

4,134.5
797.9
8,613.6
3,782.5
344.2
5,643.0
1,576.0
1,717.6
5,900.1
493.6

4,197.7
814.7
8,834.9
3,844.1
347.5
5,706.7
1,601.2
1,727.6
5,978.5
502.4

4,155.0
831.1
8,870.3
3,794.2
347.0
5,678.3
1,627.3
1,762.2
5,936.3
498.2

South Carolina.
South Dakota...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1,865.2
386.6
2,700.8
9,588.4
986.6
318.8
3,482.2
2,810.0
784.8
2,843.9
255.3

1,865.0
392.5
2,744.0
9,674.5
1,012.0
323.6
3,390.8
2,878.8
805.3
2,927.3
256.2

1,930.7
389.8
2,707.8
9,850.0
1,040.0
327.0
3,412.8
2,988.9
803.5
2,949.4
251.3

Puerto Rico .

1,244.8

1,284.4

1,308.3

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida




1995

1996

1997

1998

90.8
18.4
94.1
67.0
968.5
86.2
57.4
14.9
23.6
310.2

6.3
7.3
5.1
4.9
7.8
4.2
5.5
4.3
8.9
5.5

5.1
7.8
5.5
5.4
7.2
4.2
5.7
5.2
8.5
5.1

5.1
7.9
4.6
5.3
6.3
3.3
5.1
4.0
7.9
4.8

4.2
5.8
4.1
5.5
5.9
3.8
3.4
3.8
8.8
4.3

177.3
38.2
33.8
291.5
108.4
51.5
51.7
103.2
123.2
35.6

169.1
37.3
32.8
277.4
95.6
43.5
54.1
88.7
118.0
28.7

4.9
5.9
5.4
5.2
4.7
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.9
5.7

4.6
6.4
5.2
5.3
4.1
3.8
4.5
5.6
6.7
5.1

4.5
6.4
5.3
4.7
3.5
3.3
3.8
5.4
6.1
5.4

4.2
6.2
5.0
4.5
3.1
2.8
3.8
4.6
5.7
4.4

136.2
136.6
238.6
103.8
77.0
132.7
23.5
26.6
45.4
25.9

141.4
130.8
208.7
85.5
72.5
122.6
24.4
23.6
36.2
20.2

125.4
109.1
194.2
68.3
68.3
118.9
26.3
24.7
39.6
19.0

5.1
5.4
5.3
3.7
6.1
4.8
5.9
2.6
5.4
4.0

4.9
4.3
4.9
4.0
6.1
4.6
5.3
2.9
5.4
4.2

5.1
4.0
4.2
3.3
5.7
4.2
5.4
2.6
4.1
3.1

4.6
3.3
3.9
2.5
5.4
4.2
5.6
2.7
4.3
2.9

260.5
49.6
539.2
157.3
11.0
266.1
72.6
80.1
342.9
33.9

256.1
64.3
537.9
164.3
10.6
278.3
64.0
101.5
312.8
25.4

215.7
50.9
566.3
139.2
8.8
262.1
66.0
100.6
310.7
26.6

191.8
51.4
498.0
130.9
11.1
241.6
73.6
98.5
275.1
24.4

6.4
6.3
6.3
4.3
3.3
4.8
4.7
4.8
5.9
7.0

6.2
8.1
6.2
4.3
3.1
4.9
4.1
5.9
5.3
5.1

5.1
6.2
6.4
3.6
2.5
4.6
4.1
5.8
5.2
5.3

4.6
6.2
5.6
3.5
3.2
4.3
4.5
5.6
4.6
4.9

1,958.9
397.8
2,759.5
10,118.3
1,062.7
330.3
3,488.1
3,039.2
800.0
2,952.0
258.0

94.7
11.2
140.1
577.4
35.2
13.5
157.0
179.1
61.7
105.4
12.2

111.8
12.6
141.4
544.5
35.2
14.8
149.5
187.1
60.4
103.3
12.9

87.2
12.0
146.1
529.6
32.3
13.0
135.1
142.4
55.3
108.4
12.8

74.5
11.4
115.7
486.9
39.9
11.2
101.8
144.6
53.2
99.4
12.4

5.1
2.9
5.2
6.0
3.6
4.2
4.5
6.4
7.9
3.7
4.8

6.0
3.2
5.2
5.6
3.5
4.6
4.4
6.5
7.5
3.5
5.0

4.5
3.1
5.4
5.4
3.1
4.0
4.0
4.8
6.9
3.7
5.1

3.8
2.9
4.2
4.8
3.8
3.4
2.9
4.8
6.6
3.4
4.8

1,311.2

170.4

171.9

176.4

174.7

13.7

13.4

13.5

13.3

163

1997

Percent of labor force

1998

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1998
2,152.6
54.7
472.6
72.9
66.0
68.8
50.1
171.3
270.4
162.0
83.6

90.8
2.5
13.3
3.0
2.3
4.8
2.4
5.0
10.4
5.2
2.3

4.2
4.5
2.8
4.1
3.5
7.0
4.8
2.9
3.8
3.2
2.7

316.9
141.6

18.4
5.8

5.8
4.1

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,272.4
59.9
1,507.3
371.9
65.3

94.1
4.3
41.0
10.2
18.2

4.1
7.2
2.7
2.7
27.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,215.4
139.1
95.4
41.2
296.1
36.1

67.0
4.7
5.0
1.7
11.7
3.0

5.5
3.4
5.3
4.2
4.0
8.3

16,329.2
279.3
86.4
428.6
4,640.7
85.5
202.3
1,190.8
1,435.4
72.1
1,382.2
758.2
184.8
1,319.4
948.8
962.7
108.7
195.7
141.7
247.8
250.4
243.2
387.3
163.8
87.3
56.3

968.5
33.9
7.1
60.5
303.9
12.9
24.8
46.6
41.4
6.6
84.9
36.9
19.9
46.4
28.1
31.0
4.5
8.7
10.3
8.2
26.3
12.6
21.6
25.6
4.7
8.4

5.9
12.1
8.3
14.1
6.5
15.1
12.2
3.9
2.9
9.1
6.1
4.9
10.8
3.5
3.0
3.2
4.2
4.4
7.3
3.3
10.5
5.2
5.6
15.6
5.4
14.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

2,245.6
172.5
254.8
1,127.5
141.1
58.7
84.6
62.5

86.2
5.7
11.4
35.6
5.4
2.9
3.8
4.8

3.8
3.3
4.5
3.2
3.8
5.0
4.5
7.6

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,709.3
218.4
109.8
580.7
271.3
152.1
193.5
115.7

57.4
8.8
2.5
20.1
9.0
5.9
4.3
4.6

3.4
4.0
2.3
3.5
3.3
3.9
2.2
4.0

392.3
68.5
294.3

14.9
2.9
12.1

3.8
4.2
4.1

Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

See footnotes at end of table.




164

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1998
District of Columbia
Washington

267.3
2,559.2

23.6
81.6

8.8
3.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples

7,228.0
189.2
757.3
174.5
121.5
80.1
102.7
533.6
197.5
204.4
1,037.3
91.8
96.1
841.6
65.7
172.4
44.6
260.3
145.6
1,173.2
507.8

310.2
6.5
34.3
5.2

25.1
4.4
6.7
1.6
6.6
4.4
35.7
27.9

4.3
3.4
4.5
3.0
8.7
3.3
2.5
3.1
5.5
4.3
6.5
4.2
4.2
3.0
6.7
3.9
3.6
2.5
3.0
3.0
5.5

4,020.8
57.8
73.6
2,123.4
125.2
152.5
134.1

169.1
4.7
2.2
70.8
11.3
5.9
7.9
6.0

4.2
8.1
3.0
3.3
5.5
4.7
5.2
4.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

597.0
429.1

37.3
23.0

6.2
5.4

Idaho
Boise City ....
Pocatello

653.1
222.8
40.4

32.8
8.2
1.9

5.0
3.7
4.8

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,223.2
85.3
93.2
4,163.8

277.4
2.0
2.6
177.8
6.2
3.2
3.1
6.7
8.7
4.2

4.5
2.3
2.8
4.3
3.4
5.6
6.0
3.6
4.5
3.9

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3.088.3
60.7
95.0
156.9
265.3
304.4
834.5
89.3
61.5
136.2
69.6

95.6
1.6
2.3
5.8
7.4
11.6
21.0
1.6
2.0
2.6
3.8
3.3

3.1
2.6
2.4
3.7
2.8
3.8
2.5
3.2
2.2
4.1
2.8
4.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,569.8
110.6
255.8
48.7
65.5
65.2
69.7

43.5
2.1
5.4
1.6
1.5
1.9
2.5

2.8
1.9
2.1
3.2
2.3
2.9
3.5

Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton

Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

206.1

185.6
57.7
52.4
184.6

195.9
106.9

51.0

See footnotes at end of table.




165

10.5
2.6
2.6
16.5
10.8
8.7

66.9
3.8
4.0

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1998
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,410.7
54.7
90.7
287.3

54.1
2.4
4.1
9.4

3.8
4.4
4.5
3.3

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,923.9
253.0
549.0
49.2

88.7
5.5
17.8
2.2

4.6
2.2
3.3
4.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,063.1
59.8
298.3
95.3
181.3
92.2
71.1
621.0
188.2

118.0
3.3
13.7
3.3
10.0
5.0
3.9
30.3
12.2

5.7
5.5
4.6
3.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.9
6.5

651.0
49.4
51.6
132.2

28.7
1.5
2.4
3.0

4.4
3.1
4.6
2.3

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,756.1
1,298.5
45.4
69.7

125.4
66.8
3.8
3.0

4.6
5.1
8.3
4.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,273.4
73.2
1,816.6
131.5
69.0
198.3
165.6
81.9
39.9
282.6
254.2

109.1
3.1
50.3
4.9
2.7
9.2
5.6
5.3
1.7
10.9
8.2

3.3
4.3
2.8
3.7
4.0
4.7
3.4
6.5
4.3
3.8
3.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,029.2
296.4
82.5
2,255.5
201.1
595.4
76.5
231.4
242.9
199.5

194.2
6.5
3.7
80.0
11.8
18.0
2.8
7.8
7.8
8.7

3.9
2.2
4.5
3.5
5.9
3.0
3.7
3.4
3.2
4.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,681.7
125.4
1,677.7
70.1
93.7

68.3
5.0
33.5
1.1
2.8

2.5
4.0
2.0
1.6
3.0

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,268.7
167.2
50.9
225.0

68.3
6.5
1.7
7.8

5.4
3.9
3.3
3.5

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,857.3
83.2
83.3
966.8
49.5
1,321.3
163.8

118.9
1.3
3.3
36.8
2.3
57.1
5.2

4.2
1.5
4.0
3.8
4.6
4.3
3.2

467.8
70.4
38.6
52.5

26.3
3.1
2.1
2.2

5.6
4.4
5.5
4.3

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula

See footnotes at end of table.




166

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1998
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

916.4
142.9
387.2

24.7
3.2
9.7

2.7
2.2
2.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

919.8
698.1
175.3

39.6
29.0
6.6

4.3
4.2
3.8

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

652.2
103.2
102.4
123.7

19.0
2.6
2.8
3.0

2.9
2.6
2.8
2.4

4,155.0
173.2
673.2
281.5
632.6
514.6
1,009.9
166.9
65.0

191.8
14.7
29.5
20.5
20.6
22.3
45.0
6.9
5.8

4.6
8.5
4.4
7.3
3.3
4.3
4.5
4.1
8.9

831.1
361.7
68.2
74.6

51.4
16.5
5.8
2.5

6.2
4.6
8.5
3.3

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,870.3
452.4
124.6
575.0
118.4
44.8
60.2
67.6
1,399.3
4,091.7
3,445.2
172.8
575.1
362.9
142.4

498.0
16.5
4.9
30.7
4.0
1.9
3.3
3.5
45.2
297.3
276.3
6.1
22.8
14.8
6.5

5.6
3.6
3.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
5.6
5.2
3.2
7.3
8.0
3.5
4.0
4.1
4.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory- Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,794.2
109.8
746.3
112.5
47.5
632.1
63.4
169.4
45.1
622.2
66.9
105.7

130.9
2.9
19.9
4.7
2.1
16.8
2.8
4.6
1.6
10.8
4.6
4.4

3.5
2.7
2.7
4.1
4.3
2.7
4.4
2.7
3.6
1.7
6.9
4.2

347.0
54.1
103.3
53.6

11.1
1.6
1.8
1.4

3.2
3.0
1.7
2.7

5,678.3
358.5
201.1
838.7
1,105.7
811.8
470.2
178.4
73.7
82.8
57.2
316.5
283.4

241.6
14.2
8.4
28.5
48.3
21.7
18.4
5.9
3.4
4.9
3.6
15.5
16.8

4.3
4.0
4.2
3.4
4.4
2.7
3.9
3.3
4.6
5.9
6.2
4.9
5.9

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




167

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1998
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,627.3
27.8
41.2
534.1
414.6

73.6
1.1
2.1
20.3
14.3

4.5
3.8
5.1
3.8
3.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,762.2
162.3
88.1
1,047.7
168.8

98.5
8.8
6.0
43.7
9.3

5.6
5.4
6.8
4.2
5.5

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,936.3
310.7
62.4
139.0
349.8
102.6
241.5
2,493.1
1,151.3
182.8
308.5
56.7
66.1
57.0
191.3

275.1
14.2
3.1
7.2
10.6
6.8
7.0
107.6
52.7
7.9
19.0
2.4
1.8
3.3
7.1

4.6
4.6
5.0
5.2
3.0
6.6
2.9
4.3
4.6
4.3
6.2
4.3
2.8
5.8
3.7

498.2
572.9

24.4
28.1

4.9
4.9

1,958.9
265.5
279.2
64.0
494.9
103.0
47.3

74.5
7.8
5.7
2.9
13.5
3.8
2.2

3.8
3.0
2.0
4.5
2.7
3.7
4.7

397.8
47.3
100.0

11.4
1.2
1.7

2.9
2.6
1.7

2,759.5
220.1
81.6
56.4
223.9
344.6
552.0
642.2

115.7
8.8
3.1
2.0
9.8
12.3
20.6
17.4

4.2
4.0
3.8
3.5
4.4
3.6
3.7
2.7

10,118.3
61.6
112.9
681.7
184.0
106.1
127.8
74.0
177.2
1,870.1
289.5
879.4
124.5
2,129.4
114.9
73.0
105.5
123.4
195.2
128.0
52.4
759.1
50.6
56.4

486.9
2.2
4.0
17.9
13.3
6.4
16.1
1.3
12.0
60.4
29.6
28.9
8.2
86.9
4.9
6.7
7.4
4.1
34.5
6.8
2.1
27.8
2.4
4.2

4.8
3.5
3.6
2.6
7.2
6.1
12.6
1.7
6.8
3.2
10.2
3.3
6.6
4.1
4.3
9.2
7.1
3.4
17.7
5.3
4.1
3.7
4.8
7.4

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ..
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito ..
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana

See footnotes at end of table.




168

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor
force

State and area

Number

Percent of
labor force

1998
Texas
Tyler
Victoria

90.0
43.4
101.0
66.0

4.6
2.0
4.3
3.1

5.1
4.5
4.3
4.7

1,062.7
158.7
681.5

39.9
5.0
24.5

3.8
3.1
3.6

330.3
99.1

11.2
2.3

3.4
2.3

Virginia
Chariottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,488.1
74.7
56.4
102.1
735.0
507.0
129.6

101.8
1.0
3.1
2.6
25.4
13.4
3.0

2.9
1.4
5.6
2.6
3.5
2.6
2.3

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,039.2
79.1
91.3
99.1
93.7
1,381.7
208.6
332.5
114.8

144.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
7.0
42.7
10.0
15.1
12.0

4.8
5.8
5.2
5.0
7.5
3.1
4.8
4.5
10.4

800.0
130.4
136.3
76.7
72.8

53.2
6.1
8.8
4.6
3.8

6.6
4.7
6.4
6.0
5.2

2,952.0
222.6
83.0
131.9
80.0
81.2
71.9
262.2
809.1
93.5
61.1
73.6

99.4
6.1
2.7
3.6
3.7
2.7
2.0
4.0
26.9
3.8
1.5
2.6

3.4
2.7
3.3
2.7
4.6
3.3
2.7
1.5
3.3
4.1
2.4
3.5

258.0
33.2
39.3

12.4
1.8
1.4

4.8
5.4
3.6

1,311.2
52.0
52.4
118.6
93.5
109.9
713.3

174.7
9.5
8.2
14.5
14.5
18.7
77.4

13.3
18.2
15.6
12.2
15.5
17.0
10.9

Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.




169




Area Definitions

Area definitions
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Calhoun County
Blount, Jefferson, St. Clair, and Shelby Counties
Lawrence and Morgan Counties
Dale and Houston Counties
Colbert and Lauderdale Counties
Etowah County
Limestone and Madison Counties
Baldwin and Mobile Counties
Autauga, Elmore, and Montgomery Counties
Tuscaloosa County

Alaska
Anchorage

MSA

Anchorage Borough

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Coconino County, Ariz.; Kane County, Utah
Maricopa and Pinal Counties
Pima County
Yuma County

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Littfe Rock
Pine Bluff

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Benton and Washington Counties
Crawford and Sebastian Counties, Ark.; Sequoyah County, Okla.
Craighead County
Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline Counties
Jefferson County

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yblo
Yuba City

MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

Kern County
Butte County
Fresno and Madera Counties
Los Angeles County
Merced County
Stanislaus County
Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
Orange County
Shasta County
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties
El Dorado, Placer, and Sacramento Counties
Monterey County
San Diego County
Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties
Santa Clara County
San Luis Obispo County
Santa Barbara County
Santa Cruz County
Sonoma County
San Joaquin County
Napa and Solano Counties
Ventura County
Tulare County
Yolo County
Sutter and Yuba Counties

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction

PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA

Boulder County
El Paso County
Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Douglas, and Jefferson Counties
Larimer County
Mesa County




172

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Colorado—Continued
Greeley
Pueblo

PMSA
MSA

Weld County
Pueblo County

Connecticut
Bridgeport

PMSA

Bridgeport and Shelton cities, and Easton, Fairfield, Monoroe, Strafford, and
Trumbull towns in Fairfield County; Ansonia, Derby, and Milford cities, and
Beacon Falls, Oxford, and Seymour towns in New Haven County

Danbury

PMSA

Danbury city and Bethel, Brookfield, New Fairfield, Newton, Redding, Ridgefield,
and Sherman towns in Fairfield County; Bridgewater, New Milford, Roxbury, and
Washington towns in Litchfield County

Hartford

MSA

Bristol, Hartford, and New Britian cities, and Avon, Berlin, Bloomfield, Burlington,
Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington,
Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington, Plainville, Rocky Hill,
Simsbury, Southington, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield,
Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Barkhamsted, Harwinton,
New Hartford, Plymouth, and Winchester towns in Litchfield County; Middletown
city, and Cromwell, Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Haddam, Middlefield,
and Portland towns in Middlesex County; Colchester and Lebanon towns in New
London County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron,
Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in Tolland
County; Ashford, Chaplin, and Windham towns in Windham County

New Haven-Meriden

New London-Norwich

PMSA

MSA

Clinton and Killingworth towns in Middlesex County; Meriden, New Haven, and
West Haven cities, and Bethany, Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Guilford,
Hamden, Madison, North Branford, North Haven, Orange, Wallingford, and
Woodbridge towns in New Haven County
Old Saybrook town in Middlesex County; New London and Norwich cities, and
Bozrah, East Lyme, Franklin, Griswold, Groton, Ledyard, Lisbon, Montville, North
Stonington, Old Lyme, Preston, Salem, Sprague, Stonington, and Waterford towns
in New London County; Canterbury and Plainfield towns in Windham County;
Hopkinton and Westerly towns in Washington County, R.I.

Stamford-Norwalk

PMSA Norwalk and Stamford cities, and Darien, Grrenwich, New Canaan, Weston,
Westport, and Wilton towns in Fairfield County

Waterbury

PMSA

Bethlehem, Thomaston, Watertown, and Woodbury towns in Litchfield County;
Waterbury city, Naugatuck borough, and Middlebury, Prospect, Southbury, and
Wolcott towns in New Haven County

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

MSA
PMSA

Kent County
New Castle, Del.; Cecil County, Md.

District of Columbia
Washington

PMSA

District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince
George's Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church. Fredericksburg,
Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax,
Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and
Warren Counties, Va.; Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, W. Va.

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami




MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Flagler and Volusia Counties
Broward County
Lee County
Martin and St. Lucie Counties
Okaloosa County
Alachua County
Clay, Duval, Nassau, and St. John's Counties
Polk County
Brevard County
Miami-Dade County

173

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Florida—Continued
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Collier County
Marion County
Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Seminole Counties
Bay County
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties
Charlotte County
Manatee and Sarasota Counties
Gadsden and Leon Counties
Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties
Palm Beach County

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta

MSA
MSA
MSA

Augusta-Aiken

MSA

Columbus
Macon
Savannah

MSA
MSA
MSA

Dougherty and Lee Counties
Clarke, Madison, and Oconee Counties
Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas,
Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Pickens, Rockdale,
Spalding, and Walton Counties
Columbia, McDuffie, and Richmond Counties, Ga.; Aiken and Edgefield
Counties, S.C.
Chattahoochee, Harris, and Muscogee Counties, Ga.; Russell County, Ala.
Bibb, Houston, Jones, Peach, and Twiggs Counties
Bryan, Chatham, and Effingham Counties

Hawaii
Honolulu

MSA

Honolulu County

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

MSA
MSA

Ada and Canyon Counties
Bannock County

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

McLean County
Champaign County
Cook, DeKalb, Du Page, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will
Counties
Henry and Rock Island Counties, III.; Scott County, Iowa
Macon County
Kankakee County
Peoria, Tazewell, and Woodford Counties
Boone, Ogle, and Winnebago Counties
Menard and Sangamon Counties

Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Monroe County
Elkhart County
Posey, Vanderburgh, and Warrick Counties, Ind.; Henderson County, Ky.
Adams, Allen, DeKalb, Huntington, Wells, and Whitley Counties
Lake and Porter Counties
Boone, Hamilton, Hancock. Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Morgan, and
Shelby Counties
Howard and Tipton Counties
Clinton and Tippecanoe Counties
Delaware County
St. Joseph County
Clay, Vermillion, and Vigo Counties

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Linn County
Dallas, Polk, and Warren Counties
Dubuque County
Johnson County
Woodbury County, Iowa; Dakota County, Neb.




174

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Iowa—Continued
MSA

Black Hawk County

Kansas
Lawrence.
Topeka
Wichita ....

MSA
MSA
MSA

Douglas County
Shawnee County
Butler, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties

Kentucky
Lexington .
Louisville .

MSA
MSA

Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Madison, Scott, and Woodford Counties
Bullitt, Jefferson, and Oldham Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and Scott
Counties, Ind.
Daviess County

Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

Owensboro....

MSA

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge .
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles.
Monroe
New Orleans .

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Shreveport-Bossier City.
Maine
Bangor

MSA

Rapides Parish
Ascension, East Baton Rouge, Livingston, and West Baton Rouge Parishes
Lafourche and Terrebonne Parishes
Acadia, Lafayette, St. Landry, and St. Martin Parishes
Calcasieu Parish
Ouachita Parish
Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John
the Baptist, and St. Tammany Parishes
Bossier, Caddo, and Webster Parishes

MSA

Bangor, Brewer, and Old Town cities; Eddington, Glenburn, Hampden, Hermon,
Holden, Kenduskeag, Milford, Oronto, Orrington, and Veazie towns; and the
Penobscot Indian Island Indian Reservation in Penobscot County; Winterport town
in Waldo County

Lewiston-Auburn

MSA

Auburn and Lewiston cities, and Greene, Lisbon, Mechanic Falls, Poland,
Sabattus, Turner, and Wales towns in Androscoggin County

Portland.

MSA

Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook cities, and Cape Elizabeth, Casco,
Cumberland, Falmouth, Freeport, Gorham, Gray, North Yarmouth, Raymond,
Scarborough, Standish, Windham, and Yarmouth towns in Cumberland County;
Buxton, Hollis, Limington, and Old Orchard Beach towns in York County

Maryland
Baltimore

PMSA

Baltimore City
Cumberland
Hagerstown
Suburban Maryland-D.C
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth ....

Boston




MSA
PMSA

MSA
PMSA

Baltimore city, and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and
Queen Anne's Counties
Baltimore City
Allegany County, Md., and Mineral County, W.Va.
Washington County
Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George's Counties

Barnstable, Brewster, Chatham, Dennis, Eastham, Harwich, Mashpee,
Orleans, Sandwich, and Yarmouth towns in Barnstable County
Taunton city, and Berkley, Dighton, Mansfield, and Norton towns in Bristol
County; Beverly, Gloucester, Lynn, Newburyport, Peabody, and Salem cities,
and Amesbury, Danvers, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynnfield, Manchester,
Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Newbury, Rockport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus,
Swampscott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex County; Cambridge, Everett,
Maiden, Marlborough, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and
Woburn cities, and Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont,
Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, Holliston, Hopkinton,
Hudson, Lexington, Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading,
Sherborn, Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown,

175

Area definitions-Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Massachusetts
Boston

PMSA Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County;
Quincy city, and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham,
Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton,
Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Plainville, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton,
Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and Wrentham towns in Norfolk
County; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell,
Pembroke, Plymouth, Rockland, Scituate, and Wareham towns in Plymouth
County; Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities, and Winthrop town in Suffolk County;
Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon, Milford,
Miliville, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County, Mass.; Seabrook
and South Hampton towns in Rockingham County, N.H.

Brockton

PMSA

Easton and Raynham towns in Bristol County; Avon town in Norfolk County;
Brockton city, and Abington, Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, Halifax, Hanson,
Lakeville, Middleborough, Plympton, West Bridgewater, and Whitman towns
in Plymouth County

Fitchburg-Leominster.

PMSA

Ashby town In Middlesex County; Fitchburg, Gardner, and Leominster cities,
and Ashbumham, Lunenburg, Templeton, Westminster, and Winchendon
towns in Worcester County

Lawrence.

PMSA

Haverhill and Lawrence cities, and Andover, Boxford, Georgetown, Groveland,
Merrimac, Methuen, North Andover, and West Newbury towns in Essex County,
Mass.; Atkinson, Chester, Danville, Derry, Fremont, Hampstead, Kingston,
Newton, Plaistow, Raymond, Salem, Sandown, and Windham towns in Rockingham County, N.H.

Lowell .

PMSA

Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Pepperell,
Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middlesex County, Mass.;
Pelham town in Hillsborough County, N.H.

New Bedford

PMSA

New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, and Freetown towns
in Bristol County; Marion, Maftapoiseft, and Rochester towns in Plymouth County

Pittsfield

MSA

Pittsfield city, and Adams, Cheshire, Dalton, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, Lee,
Lenox, Richmond, and Stockbridge towns in Berkshire County

Springfield .

MSA

Sunderland town in Franklin County; Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and
Westfield cities, and Agawam, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Longmeadow,
Ludlow, Monson, Montgomery, Palmer, Russell, Southwick, West Springfield,
and Wilbraham towns in Hampden County; Northampton city, and Amherst,
Belchertown, Easthampton, Granby, Hadley, Hatfield, Huntington, Southampton,
South Hadley, Ware, and Williamsburg towns in Hampshire County

Worcester.

PMSA

Holland town in Hampden County; Worcester city, and Auburn, Barre, Boylston,
Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden,
Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford,
Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbridge, Spencer, Sterling,
Sturbridge, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, and West
Brookfield towns in Worcester County, Mass.; Thompson town in Windham County,
Conn.

PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Lenawee, Livingston, and Washtenaw Counties
Berrien County
Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties
Genesee County
Allegan, Kent, Muskegon, and Ottawa Counties
Jackson County
Calhoun, Kalamazoo, and Van Buren Counties
Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing




MSA

176

Area definitions-Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Michigan—Continued
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland.

MSA

Bay, Midland, and Saginaw Counties

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

St. Louis County, Minn.; Douglas County, Wis.
Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne,
Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; Pierce and St. Croix Counties, Wis.
Olmsted County
Benton and Stearns Counties

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula .
Hattiesburg
Jackson

MSA
MSA
MSA

Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson Counties
Forrest and Lamar Counties
Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City.

MSA
MSA
MSA

Rochester.
St. Cloud....

St. Louis

MSA1

Springfield .

MSA

Boone County
Jasper and Newton Counties
Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte and Ray Counties, Mo.; Johnson,
Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.
St. Louis city, and Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren
Counties, Mo.; Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, III.
Christian, Greene, and Webster Counties

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula....

MSA
MSA
MSA

Yellowstone County
Cascade County
Missoula County

Nebraska
Lincoln..
Omaha.

MSA
MSA

Lancaster County
Cass, Douglas, Sarpy, and Washington Counties, Neb.; Pottawattamie County,
Iowa

Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno

MSA
MSA

Clark and Nye Counties, Nev.; Mohave County, Ariz.
Washoe County

New Hampshire
Manchester

PMSA

Nashua.

PMSA

Portsmouth-Rochester.

PMSA

Manchester city, and Bedford, Goffstown, and Weare towns in Hillsborough
County; Allenstown and Hooksett towns in Merrimack County; Auburn, Candia,
and Londonderry towns in Rockingham County
Nashua city, and Amherst, Brookline, Greenville, Hollis, Hudson, Litchfield, Mason,
Merrimack, Milford, Mont Vernon, New Ipswich, and Wilton towns in Hillsborough
County
Portsmouth city and Brentwood, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Greenland,
Hampton, Hampton Falls, Kensington, New Castle, Newfields, Newington,
Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye, and Stratham towns in Rockingham County;
Dover, Rochester and Somersworth cities, and Barrington, Durham, Farmington,
Lee, Madbury, Milton, and Rollinsford towns in Strafford County, N.H.; and
Berwick, Eliot, Kittery, South Berwick, and York towns in York County, Maine

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton




PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA

Atlantic and Cape May Counties
Bergen and Passaic Counties
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties
Hudson County
Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Somerset Counties
Monmouth and Ocean Counties
Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties
Mercer County
Cumberland County

177

Area definitions-Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

MSA
MSA
MSA

Bernalillo, Sandoval, and Valencia Counties
Dona Ana County
Los Alamos and Santa Fe Counties

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy

MSA

Albany, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, and Schoharie
Counties
Broome and Tioga Counties
Erie and Niagara Counties
Dutchess County
Chemung County
Warren and Washington Counties
Chautauqua County
Nassau and Suffolk Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and Westchester
Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties
Orange County, N.Y.; Pike County, Pa.
Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties
Rockland County
Cayuga, Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties
Herkimer and Oneida Counties
Westchester County

Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA

PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point

MSA
MSA
MSA

Greenville
Hickory-Morgantown-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Buncombe and Madison Counties
Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties, N.C.; York
County, S.C.
Cumberland County
Wayne County
Alamance, Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, Stokes, and Yadkin
Counties
Pitt County
Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, and Catawba Counties
Onslow County
Chatham, Durham, Franklin, Johnston, Orange, and Wake Counties
Edgecombe and Nash Counties
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

MSA
MSA
MSA

Burleigh and Morton Counties
Cass County, N.D.; Clay County, Minn.
Grand Forks County, N.D.; Polk County, Minn.

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati

PMSA
MSA
PMSA

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid




MSA
MSA

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA

Portage and Summit Counties
Carroll and Stark Counties
Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; Boone, Campbell,
Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, and Pendleton Counties, Ky.; Dearborn and Ohio
Counties, Ind.
Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties
Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway Counties
Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties
Butler County
Allan and Auglaize Counties
Crawford and Richland Counties
Jefferson County, Ohio; Brooke and Hancock Counties, W. Va.
Fulton, Lucas, and Wood Counties
Columbiana, Mahoning, and Trumbull Counties

Garfield County

178

Area definitions-Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Oklahoma—Continued
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .,
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton.
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle...
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Puerto Rico
Aquadilla ..
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez.
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon.

MSA
MSA
MSA

Comanche County
Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties
Creek, Osage, Rogers, Tulsa, and Wagoner Counties

MSA
MSA
PMSA

Lane County
Jackson County
Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Ore.;
Clark County, Wash.
Marion and Polk Counties

PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties
Blair County
Erie County
Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Perry Counties
Cambria and Somerset Counties
Lancaster County
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa.;
Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, N.J.
Philadelphia County
Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties
Berks County
Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, and Wyoming Counties
Mercer County
Centre County
Lycoming County
York County

Aguada, Aguadilla, and Moca Municipios
Arecibo, Camuy, and Hatillo Municipios
Caguas, Cayey, Cidra, Gurabo, and San Lorenzo Municipios
Anasco, Cabo Rojo, Hormigueros, Mayaguez, Sabana Grande, and San German
Municipios
Guayanilia, Juana Diaz, Penuelas, Ponce, Villalba, and Yauco Municipios
Aguas Buenas, Barceloneta, Bayamon, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Ceiba,
Comerio, Corozal, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guaynabo, Humacao, Juncos, Las
Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Rio Grande, San
Juan, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, and Yabucoa
Municipios

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick.

MSA

Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County; Warwick city, and
oventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent
County; Jamestown, Little Compton, andTiverton towns in Newport County;
Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence, Pawtucket, Providence, and
Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston,
Lincoln, North Providence, North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield towns in
Providence County; Charlestown, Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown,
Richmond, and South Kingstown towns in Washington County, R.I.; Attleboro and
Fall River cities, and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea,
and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties
Lexington and Richland Counties
Florence County
Anderson, Cherokee, Greenville, Pickens, and Spartanburg Counties
Horry County
Sumter County




179

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

MSA
MSA

Pennington County
Lincoln and Minnehaha Counties

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol....

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Hamilton and Marion Counties, Tenn.; Catoosa, Dade, and Walker Counties, Ga.
Montgomery County, Tenn., Christian County, Ky.
Madison County
Carter, Hawkins, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Counties, Tenn.; Bristol city,
and Scott and Washington Counties, Va.
Anderson, Blount, Knox, Loudon, Sevier, and Union Counties
Fayette, Shelby, and Tipton Counties, Tenn.; Crittenden County, Ark.; DeSoto
County, Miss.

Knoxville
Memphis

MSA
MSA

Nashville

MSA

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier

Burlington .




MSA

Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner,
Williamson, and Wilson Counties
Taylor County
Potter and Randall Counties
Bastrop, Caldwell, Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties
Hardin, Jefferson, and Orange Counties
Brazoria County
Cameron County
Brazos County
Nueces and San Patricio Counties
Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Henderson, Hunt, Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties
El Paso County
Hood, Johnson, Parker, and Tarrant Counties
Galveston County
Chambers, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties
Bell and Coryell Counties
Webb County
Gregg, Harrison, and Upshur Counties
Lubbock County
Hidalgo County
Ector and Midland Counties
Tom Green County
Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, and Wilson Counties
Grayson County
Bowie County, Tex.; Miller County, Ark.
Smith County
Victoria County
McLennan County
Archer and Wichita Counties

Utah County
Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties

East Granville town in Addison County; Groton and Ryegate towns in Caledonia
County; Bolton and Huntington towns in Chittenden County; Bradford. Braintree,
Brookfield, Chelsea, Corinth, Fairlee, Newbury, Orange, Randolph, Topsham,
Vershire, Washington, West Fairlee, and Williamstown towns in Orange County;
and Barre city and Barre, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Duxbury, East Montpelier,
Fayston, Marshfield, Middlesex, Montpelier, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield,
Roxbury, Waitsfield, Warren, and Waterbury towns in Washington County
Burlington, South Burlington, and Winooski cities, and Charlotte, Colchester,
Essex, Hinesburg, Jericho, Milton, Richmond, St. George, Shelbume, and
Williston towns in Chittenden County; St. Albans city, and Fairfax, Georgia, St.
Albans, and Swanton towns in Franklin County; Grand Isle and South Hero towns
in Grand Isle County

180

Area definitions—Continued
State and area
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .

Type of
area

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Northern Virginia .

Richmond-Petersburg .

MSA

Roanoke.

MSA

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco.
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ,
Parkersburg-Marietta.
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah.
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne.

MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA

Definition

Bristol city, and Scott and Washington Counties
Charlottesville city, and Albemarle, Fluvanna, and Greene Counties
Danville city and Pittsylvania County
Bedford and Lynchburg cities, and Amherst, Bedford, and Campbell Counties
Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk,
Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg cities, and Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City,
Mathews, and York Counties, Va.; Currituck County, N.C.
Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Manassas, and Manassas Park
cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, King George, Loudoun,
Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren Counties
Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond cities, and Charles City,
Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and
Prince George Counties
Roanoke and Salem cities, and Botetourt and Roanoke Counties

Whatcom County
Kitsap County
Thurston County
Benton and Franklin Counties
Island, King, and Snohomish Counties
Spokane County
Pierce County
Yakima County

Kanawha and Putnam Counties
Cabell and Wayne Counties, W. Va.; Boyd, Carter, and Greenup Counties, Ky.;
Lawrence County, Ohio
Wood County, W. Va.; Washington County, Ohio
Marshall and Ohio Counties, W. Va.: Belmont County, Ohio

Calumet, Outagamie, and Winnebago Counties
Chippewa and Eau Claire Counties
Brown County
Rock County
Kenosha County
La Crosse County, Wis.; Houston County, Minn.
Dane County
Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties
Racine County
Sheboygan County
Marathon County

Natrona County
Laramie County

1
This is not the official Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Missouri definition. Excluded is the part of Sullivan City in Crawford
County.
NOTE: These definitions are those used for the 335 metropolitan




areas published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics
(LAUS) program (table C-3). About 272 of these areas and other
selected jurisdictions are published through the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program (tables B-14 and B-18).




Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

Employment and UnemploymentEmployment, hours, and earnings by industry
National
State and area
National labor force data
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cewhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

Prices and Living Conditions:
Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ppihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/csxhome.htm

Compensation and Working Conditions:
National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Safety and health

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cbahome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ebshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

Productivity:
Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Multifactor productivity

http://stats.bls.gov/lprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm

Employment Projections

http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm

International data:
Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes

http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm

http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
183

employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

ment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemploy-




County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

184

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "Data" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a non inter view rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: {\)Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




185

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.




186

half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all selfemployed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.

Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than




Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with

187

the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.

d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.

• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
0 New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.

• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:

b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.




188

which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.

sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,




189

the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian1 employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor




• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
190

not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (STC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls
used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior
years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
191

Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.

ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.

The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-




Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
192

depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of ad-




193

ditional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;

Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996topresent

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

68
230
1
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.

data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.

than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs
that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).

/. Noninterview adjustment The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercover age. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1)51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces per-

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather




194

Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various

sonnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.




195

Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1 -D and 1 -E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




Monthly
level

Category

196

Table 1 -C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

Use of tables l-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
l-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1 -B and 1 -C, refer to either tables 1 -D and 1 E or tables 1-F and 1-G.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support

Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25

.15
.30

1.39

1.65

.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21

.50
.32
.23
.25

1.18

1.40

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table l-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1 -F and 1 -G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-




197

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the

Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Estimated
monthly level

Agricultural
employment

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

Labor force data other than agri cultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

Hispanic
origin

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

Total

White

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1 -E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

198

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

force (x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.

table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.

120,000,000 -100,000,000

v

a = -0.000017962

Sx = ^(-0.000017962)(6,000,000)2 + (2957.13)(6,000,000) = 131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.

J

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

a = -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.

b = 4191.84

,100,000)2 +(4191,84)(6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table 1 -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1 -G.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1 -F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force

sx = V ax2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor




b = 2957.13

199

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

2690.59 / 33 )(100-33)} = 1.0 percent
5,650,000v

Characteristic

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1 -G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Labor force and not-in-Iaborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Use of table /-//. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black

Hispanic origin
1

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.

Excludes not-in-Iabor-force data.

data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
2529.99

V ; ,600,000

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.

(32)(lOO-32) = I.O percent

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1 -G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.




200

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the

Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

1860.78
5420.13

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
2

Unemployment:

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

201

formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 1J ,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

b = 3139.26

S x = ^(-0.000125300X11,6OO,OOO)2 +(3I39.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

S x = 7(-0.000125300)(l l,4(X),000)2 +(3I39.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




202

Establishment Data
("B"tables)
graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available at http:\\stats.
bls.gov, the BLS Internet site.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or
activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected on
a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports filed by employers. For an establishment making
more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
under the industry indicated by the principal product or
activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-

sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
203

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers,
attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels
whose services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig204

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly
earnings series described above; the one difference between
the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate
this series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
205

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in
order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
206

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Employment, hours,
and earnings

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments
for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average hourly earnings

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours..

..

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character
of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of
continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.

207

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth
each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used
to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias
adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment
survey since the late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous
3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year.
The undercount errors were measured as the difference
between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1987-97
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1997 is listed as 130,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1996 through March 1997. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment
which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The
difference between the total bias required and the total bias
added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark
revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the
table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As
discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal
of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published
both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows
BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry
detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data
in considerably more detail with an additional 1-month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

208

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error.
The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small
establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion
of all large establishments but also for a more substantial
number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample
to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The
sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered
total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a
lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is
used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the UI
universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each
program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very
small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade,
percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with
a range from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most
current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows
the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1987-97
(In thousands)
Average monthly bias
Bencf imark
Year
2
1
Revision
Employment
Added3
Required4
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991 ....
1992
1993
1994
1995 ..
1996 ....
1997 .

83,173
86,180
89,015

21
-310
-93

98
114
131

99
88
123

1,969
3,007
2,835

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882

1

Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




Over-the-year
employment
change5

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

209

of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level.

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.

Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and
earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The refiling cycle is such
that every third year entire division(s) are subject to refiling.
The volume of these adjustments is generally quite large
and has a substantial impact on universe employment counts
at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a year when
the services division is refiled, a substantial amount of

Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S, 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

Table 2-0. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1997
Sample coverage1
Industry

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
=

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

s2 - 2ps,s
,s 2

If Si = S2, then:
S change

120,903

316,992

44,036

36

580
5,260
18,519

3,057
25,915
56,104

225
1,010
8,654

39
19
47

16,398
25,215
60,605

2,263
1,148
5,086

36
17
24

21,824
75,482

2,005
8,333

29
24

2,700
3,848
8,764

100
82
70

6,331
6,567
21,467
6,988
35,328
2,700
4,692
12,471

2

3

5,145
6,880
20,367

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 51 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




Number of
establishments

Employees
,.... ... .._. _
Percent
Number
of
(thoubenchsands)
marks

=
Total

S change

Benchmarks
(thousands)

2I0

Table 2-D. Current (March 1997) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

Level
Total.
Total private .
Goods-producing

10-year average
mean percent revision1

March 1997
benchmark revision
Percent

Actual

Absolute

0.4

0.1

.5

.1

.4

196

.8

.1

.8

18
-1

-.6
-1.7
-1.0
-.4
-.4

1.7
3.3
2.6
2.4
1.6

431
518

0.3

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .

4
14
0

3.1
-1.9
4.2
4.3
0

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

56
10
24
22

1.1
.8
3.4
.7

-.4
-.6
.6
-.6

1.3
2.3
2.1
1.2

122

.7

.2

.7

73

.7

.3

.8

-4
2
10
0
-1
3

-.5
.4
1.9
0
-.4
.2
.4
-1.1
1.8
3.5
.8
1.4

.2
.3
.5
-.1
.6
.2

1.7
1.1
.9
.8
1.2

Manufacturing.
Durable goods.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment..
Electronic components and accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing .
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit.
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.
See footnotes at end of table.




9
-4
30
22

14
14
-5
6
3

-1.0
.7
.8

49

.6

-2
0
8
12
9
9
6
0
6
0

-.1
0
1.3
1.4
1.3
.6
.6
0
.6
0

235

-22
-61
-1
-7
-13
3
-46
0
2

-.3
-1.5
-.4

39
42
-3

-1.5
-.8
1.7
-4.1
0
.5
1.7
3.0
-.3

-4
5
-9

-.1
1
-.3

-.6
-.2
.1
.9

1.3
.8
.3
.3

.7
1.2
2.0
.9
1.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.4
.7

.2
.4
.1
.3
.5
-.2
(2)
-.5
.5
-.1
.1

-.3
-.6
-1.1
-.5

.9
4.0
.9

1.3
.7
.8
.9
1.7

1.5
2.1
.3

.1
.2
-.1

1
1.4
1.1
2.1
2.9
3.5
5.3
5.2
3.0
1.2
1.9
.7

-.5
-.5
-.5

1.2
1.5
1.0

-1.7
.4
2.0
.6
-1.3

Table 2-D. Current (March 1997) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
benchmark revision

Industry

Percent

Level
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies ...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate
Services 4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services 3
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens .
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nee
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

118
-27
37
9

.5
.3
-.7
-1.7
3.1
3.6
2.4
.7
.5
1.2
1.5
.6

-15
-24
8
20
6
4
1
27
23
4
1

.1

Actual

.4
.1
1.8
2.4
-.2
-1.1
-.7
1.1
-.7
.8

.1

-.3
-.7
-1.1
-.6
-3.6
1.2
1.1
.1
-3.7
.4
.3
.5
-.4

Absolute

.6
1.5
2.9
3.7
.7
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.2
.9
1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
6.1
2.5
5.0
1.2
5.0
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5

53
-7
-9
-12
0

-1.1

.2
2.0
.5
.5
.7
1.3
1.7
2.0
(2)
-1.2
-.8
-1.8
.8
-.7
-.9
-.6
-.8
1.5
-.5
1.2
-.3
-2.8
.1
1.9
2.6
.1
-.8

-1.3
0

.9
.3

.6
2.2
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.7
3.8
3.1
3.3
1.5
4.8
4.0
2.8
.8
1.6
.8
.8
2.8
1.2
2.8
1.6
4.8
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.4
1.3
3.3
.7

-87
0
0
-56
-41
-15
-31
1
-33

-.4
0
0
-1.2
-2.0
-.6
-.2
0
-.6

()
0
0
.2
.3
.2
(2)
-.1
0

.2
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.3
.3
.4

1.0
1.4
-.2

338
8
-4
-13

-1.0
2.8
3.4
4.2
5.2
4.7
-1.1
-2.4
1.3
2.3
.3
-.1
-.3
-.2
4.1
-.9

218
31
118
130
64
-12
-9
7

33
29
-1
-5
-6
29
-8
31
31
-15
16
3

1.4
1.2
-2.6
2.3
3.6
2.4
-.2

3

1

Data relate to the 1988-97 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.




-.1
.7
-2.9
-2.8
.1
-.4
-.6
-.7
-3.3
1.6
-1.0

-27
6
-76
-65
2
-9
-6
-7
-32

10-year average
mean percent revision1

4

2I2

Data relate to 1989-97.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings

based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.

(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000....
200,000 ....
500,000 ....
1,000,000.
2,000,000 .

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5
1.0
.4
.3

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

.7
.4

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

the services division is refiled, a substantial amount of
employment is usually reclassified out of services to other
major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-




2I3

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Total

57,900

Total private

49,000

Goods-producing

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

13,200

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

1,800
300
800
1,800
300

.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,000
4,000
3,500
4,800

.1
.3
.4
.1

Manufacturing

9,000

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,400

1,300
1,200
1,100
1,700
1,400
2,000
2,500
1,500
2,400
1,400
4,200
3,700
1,600
1,600
1,100
4,700

2,800
500
1,100
2,500

.1
.9
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4

1,200

1,600
1,700

900
1,500
600
53,500

10,000
9,000
2,200
3,700
5,800
1,500
4,700
200
1,200
4,300
3,800
1,700

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.3
-.1
-.3
-.1
0
.1
0

.1
.2
.7
.6
.2
.8
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2
.1

7,300
4,200
4,800

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

See footnotes at end of table.




.1
.2
.2
.2
.4
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2

2I4

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

0
0
0
0
-.1
.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services

29,600
2,800
6,200
7,900
12,600
2,600
11,100
10,700
2,500
2,100
1,100
5,700
9,000
5,300
2,600
1,700
3,100
2,000
1,400
13,200
8,300
4,600
1,400
700
3,400
4,900
2,300
3,300
400

0
.1
.1
-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
.1
0
0
0
.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
.1
.2
0

19,700
9,400
8,500
11,200
10,100
5,200
16,200
13,600
11,000

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

Social services

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly
observations.




215

2

CVJ

Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.4
.3
.4
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.7
.5
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.6
.2
.6
.1
.1
.3
.7
.1
.2
.3
CVJ

5,900
3,400
2,400
1,800
1,200
1,400
1,000
1,000
1,600
2,800
2,600
1,100
2,600

CVJ

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

.1
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.1
.3

CVJ

.1
0
.1
.1
.1
-.1
-.1
.2
.1
.1

CVJ

33,100
2,500
18,700
17,300
6,100
2,900
1,200
5,900
3,500
11,700
8,600

CVJ

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

Absolute

.4
.2
.1
.1
.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1993 through
December 1997.

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMAs), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis
for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 334 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




216

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State UI
laws; and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas—New York City and
the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained using the same modeling approach as for states. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMAs, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMAs within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

217

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.

revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily
add to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-l 1 ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-l 1 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-l 1 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Bstela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were




Establishment data
Effective in June 1997, with the release of the March 1996
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-l2 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series. The X-l2 ARIMA
(first introduced in June 1996) replaces the X-l 1 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised back to 1988.
The conversion to X-l2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4- vs. 5-week
effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent
concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
218

lation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-l 1
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-ll
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1997, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1997, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1997-April 1998 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major
industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to
the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
series, however, are used in the aggregation to higher level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calcu-




Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-l 1
ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.
219

INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State, and area labor
force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages: Household data in the January
issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area establishment and labor force data in the May issue. For
additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of this publication.
Monthly
Topic

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (index)
Agricultural industries

Seasonally
adjusted

Quarterly averages

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Annual
averages

44-45
B-9
A-1-3,7,11

A-15,21-22,
30,35

D-1,5,9

D-12-15

A-23-27
A-22

D-5
D-5

D-14-15

A-1-2;1-2,5-6,
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13,15-16

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly

A-7
A-7
B-6

Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry

A-5

A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,15a
17-18
A-16,17

A-3-4, 6, 8
A-4
B-3-5, 7

A-14-16, 18,22
A-16-17
A-21;B-12-14

D-1-2,4,6
D-2

D-12-13,16
D-12-16

Occupation
Race

A-7
A-4

A-19-21
A-14-18,20

D-5
D-2

D-14-15
D-12,14,16

Sex

A-2-4,6-8; B-4

A-14-20,22;
B-13

D-1-2,4-6

D-12-16

3-6,8-9,14-15
4-7,11-13,18
B-1,12-13;
16-18; 48; 1
9-13,17
3,5,7-8,10-12,
14,17-18
B-13; 2-18

A-6

A-18, 33

D-4

D-14-15

8,12-13,30

B-8-10

A-23-27; B-2,
15,18

A-7,11
A-1-3,7

A-26,28, 34
A-37
A-15,22

A-6

A-36
A-18

B-5, 8-9,11

B-12,15-18

B-7;C-1-2

A-16
B-14,18;C-3

Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

B-11
B-11

A-3-4,6, 9-10

Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4

Reason

A-12
A-2-4,6, 9-10

Sex
Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era




D-20-22
D-3

B-15; 19-23,50; 2

D-5, 9
D-1,5

D-4

A-14-16,18,28
31-32,34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30,35
A-29, A-35
A-14-18,28
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18,2832,34

D-14-15

220

33-34
24,31
36
A-1-2;1-2,5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
49-50
1-3

D-1-2,7-8

D-12-13,17

D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2

D-19
D-12-13,17-19

D-10
D-1-2,7-8

D-18
D-12-13,17

D-12,17-21

D-23-24

A-38

35
B-2,15-17; 50; 2
B-2, 15, 17;
37-39, 50; 2
7

3-6, 8, 24, 27, 29
33
29-32
4-7,28
26,32
25,32
3, 5, 7-8,24, 28,
31,33
27-29
2-8,24,25-27,29
31,33-35
40-43
46-47

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs

Regional Office

BLS
Region

BLS
Region
Region 1 - Boston
JFK Federal Building
Room E310
Rn«4tnn MA
DUolUll,
lvlr\ 099fn
U^^UO
Phone: (617)565-2327
FAX: (617)565-4182

IV

ALABAMA

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg.. Montgomery 36130

VIM

NEBRASKA

Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600

X

ALASKA

Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8lh St., Juneau 99802-5501

IX

NEVADA

Employment Security Department, 500 East
3'" St., Carson City 89713

IX

ARIZONA

Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005

I

NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security,
32 South Main St., Concord 03301

Region II-New York

VI

ARKANSAS

Employment Security Department, P.O. Box
2981, Little Rock 72203-2981

II

NEW JERSEY

IX

CALIFORNIA

Employment Development Department,
Employment Data and Research Division,
7000 Franklin Blvd. Suite 1100, Sacramento

Department of Labor,
Division of Planning and Research,
P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625

VI

NEW MEXICO

Employment Security Commission, 401
Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103

II

NEW YORK

Department of Labor, Division of Research
and Statistics, State Campus, Room 400,
Bldg. 12, Albany 12240-0020

IV

NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission. Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611

QAAm OOP
nOOlTi DUO

201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014-4811
Phone: (212)337-2400
FAX: (212) 337-2532
Region III - Philadelphia
q,.j+p Qnnn

95823
VIII

COLORADO

Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln St., Denver 80203

I

CONNECTICUT

Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd..
Wethersfield 06109

III

DELAWARE

Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029

oUilc OUUU

3535 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19101-3309
Phone: (215)596-1154
FAX: (215) 596-4263
Region IV - Atlanta
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street, SW.
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone. (404)331-3415
FAX: (404)331-3445
Region V - Chicago
Federal Office Building
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604-1595
Phone: (312)353-1880
FAX: (312)353-1886
Region VI - Dallas
Federal Building
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202-5028
Phone: (214)767-6970
FAX: (214)767-3720
Regions VII & VIII Kansas City
1100 Main Street
Suite 600
Kansas City, MO 64105-2112
Phone: (816)426-2481
FAX: (816) 426-6537
Regions IX & X San Francisco
71 Stevenson Street
P.O.Box 193766
San Francisco, CA 94119-3766
Phone: (415)975-4350
FAX: (415)975-4371




III

IV

DIST.OFCOL

FLORIDA

Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW.. Washington. DC
20001
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Drive, Tallahassee
323QQ-0674
\J£-\J \J ZJ \J\J 1 *T

VIII

NORTH DAKOTA

Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismark 58502

V

OHIO

Bureau of Employment Services, Labor
Market Information Division. 1160 Dublin
Rd., Columbus 43215

VI

OKLAHOMA

Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105

X

OREGON

Employment Division. 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311

III

PENNSYLVANIA

Bureau of Research and Statistics,
300 Capitol Associates Bldg., Harrisburg
17120-0034

II

PUERTO RICO

Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17lh Fl., 505
Munoz Rivera Ave., Hato Rey 00918 (CES);
Bureau of Employment Security, Research
and Analysis Section, 15lh Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Ave., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
Department of Employment Security,
24 Mason St., Providence 02903

IV

GEORGIA

Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE..
Atlanta 30303

IX

HAWAII

Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813

X

IDAHO

Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735

V

ILLINOIS

Department of Employment Security, (2 South).
401 South State St., Chicago 60605

I

RHODE ISLAND

V

INDIANA

Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Ave., Indianapolis 46204

IV

SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202

VII

IOWA

Department of Employment Services, 1000
East Grand Ave., Des Moines 50319

VIII

SOUTH DAKOTA

Department of Labor, Labor Market
Information Center, P.O. Box 4730,
Aberdeen 57401

VII

KANSAS

Department of Human Resources,
401 Topeka Ave., Topeka 66603

IV

TENNESSEE

IV

KENTUCKY

Department of Employment Services,
Labor market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621

Department of Employment Security,
Research and Statistics Division, 519
Cordell Hull Office Bldg., Nashville 37219

VI

TEXAS

Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778

VIII

UTAH

Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box
11249, Salt Lake City 84147

I

VERMONT

Department of Employment and Training,
Office of Policy and Public Information,
P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602

III

VIRGINIA

Employment Commission, Economic
Information Services, P.O. Box 1358,
Richmond 23211

II

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens
Gade Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas
00801-3359 (CES)

X

WASHINGTON

Employment Security Department, Labor
Market and Economic Analysis Branch,
605 Woodview Dr., Olympia 98503

III

WEST VIRGINIA

Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security,
112 California Ave., Charleston 25305

V

WISCONSIN

Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Ave., Madison 53707

VIII

WYOMING

Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602

VI

LOUISIANA

Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23'" St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094

I

MAINE

Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330

III

MARYLAND

Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201

I

MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114

V

MICHIGAN

V

IV

MINNESOTA

Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Ave., Detroit 48202
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101

MISSISSIPPI

Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699

VII

MISSOURI

Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

VIII

MONTANA

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624