Full text of Employment and Earnings : May 1998

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
May 1998

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In this issue: Region, State, and area
annual averages
Area definitions

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Alexis M. H e r m a n ,

Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
EE—Employment
and Earnings
(ISSN 0013-6840;
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May 1998
Vol. 45 No. 5
Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual revisions

March

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

R e g i o n , S t a t e , a n d a r e a labor f o r c e d a t a
Annual revisions

March

Annual averages

May

Employment and Eamings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, April 1998
Revisions in State establishment-based employment estimates effective January 1998
Summary tables and charts
Area definitions
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
6
172
183
220

Statistical tables

Source

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Annual averages:
Establishment data, States and areas:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor force data:
Region
State
Area




Historical

46

47

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

10

18

50
55

67

63

80
80
98

121

123
125

130
130

140
158
162
163
164

Monthly Household Data

Historical
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
A-2, Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date

8
9

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3.
A-4.
A-5.
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employed status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

10
11
13
14

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

15
16

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-11.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

17
18
19
20
20

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

21
24
25
27
28

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

29
30
31
32
33
33
34
35
36

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

37
38
39
40
41
41
42
43

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

43

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




44

45

Monthly Establishment Data

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

46
47

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

50
52
53

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

54

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

55

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l L Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

63
64
65
66

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

67

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

79

States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

80

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

98
118
119
120

121

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

125
127

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

132

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

183
183
184

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

185
185
185
187
187
189

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts




184

191
191
192
192
193
193
194
194
194
194
194
194
195
195
195
195
196
203
203
203

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

206
206
206
206
206
206
207
208
208
209
209
209
209
210
210
210
213
213

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

216
216
216
216
216
216
217

Seasonal adjustment

218

217
217
217
217

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, April 1998

Employment increased, and unemployment fell sharply
in April. The unemployment rate declined to 4.3 percent
in April; from November through March, the rate had
been either 4.6 or 4.7 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment grew by 262,000, following a small decline in
March. Manufacturing was weak for the third straight
month.

Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons declined from 6.5
to 5.9 million in April, and the unemployment rate fell
from 4.7 to 4.3 percent. This improvement was widespread
across the major demographic groups. Unemployment rates
in April were 3.4 percent for adult men, 4.1 percent for
adult women, 13.1 percent for teenagers, 3.6 percent for
whites, 8.9 percent for blacks, and 6.5 percent for Hispanics. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Across the major educational attainment categories, the
largest unemployment rate declines for persons 25 years of
age and over took place for those with a high school diploma only (to 3.9 percent) and for those with some college experience but no bachelor's degree (to 2.7 percent).
The jobless rates were 7.0 percent for those with less than
a high school diploma and 1.7 percent for college graduates. (See table A-5.)
The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks
declined by 226,000 to 2.6 million in April, after rising in
March. The number unemployed for 15 weeks or longer, 1.4
million, also fell over the month and has declined by 630,000
over the year, after adjustment is made for changes in the
composite estimation procedure. The number of unemployed
job losers on temporary layoff and the number of job leavers
both fell over the month. (See tables A-12 and A-13.)

Total employment and the labor force
Total employment rose by 389,000 in April to 131.4 million. Over the year, employment has risen by 2.3 million,
after adjusting for changes in the composite estimation procedure. The employment-population ratio—the proportion
of the population age 16 and older with jobs—returned to
its all-time high of 64.2 percent in April. (See table A-3.)
About 7.9 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in April. They comprised 6.1 percent of
the total employed. (See table A-37.)
The civilian labor force, 137.2 million (seasonally ad-




justed), was about unchanged over the month. The labor
force participation rate edged down to 67.0 percent. (See
table A-3.)

Persons not in the labor force
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in April, down about
2(X),000 from a year earlier. These were people who wanted
and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them—totaled 344,000 in April, essentially unchanged from
a year earlier. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 262,000 in April,
after seasonal adjustment, following a small decline in
March. Employment in construction, services, and retail
trade rebounded in April, after showing weakness in the prior
month. Finance, insurance, and real estate continued its
strong growth, while manufacturing payrolls edged down.
(See table B-3.)
Within the goods-producing sector, construction added
35,0(X)jobs, seasonally adjusted, following a weather-related
decline (-85,000) in March. Since last October, employment in this industry has expanded by 178,000.
Manufacturing employment declined by 10,000 in April.
Between September and January, factory employment rose
by 169,000; in contrast, since January, 16,000jobs have been
lost. In April, declines occurred in electronic components
(-4,000) and industrial machinery (-2,000). Until February,
both industries had shown strong and consistent growth for
about a year. The apparel industry continued to shrink, losing 6,000 jobs in April, and employment in paper and allied
products declined by 3,000 over the month. In contrast, job
growth continued in furniture, and employment rose by 3,000
in stone, clay, and glass products, offsetting the prior month's
decline.
In the service-producing sector, the services industry added
139,000 jobs, following a relatively small rise (38,000) in
March. Help supply services gained 30,000 jobs in April,
after a decline of 21,000 in the previous month. Employ-

ment growth remained strong in computer services (20,000)
and engineering and management services (19,000). Employment in agricultural services rose by 10,000, after 2
consecutive months of losses. Following weakness in March,
health services showed a moderate employment increase of
14,000 in April. Gains in hospitals and doctors' offices
were partly offset by continuing losses in home health care.
Low mortgage rates and a strong stock market contributed to employment gains in finance, insurance, and real
estate. The number of jobs in real estate grew by 12,000 in
April, and employment in mortgage brokerages rose by
4,000. Security brokerages continued to exhibit strong
growth, adding 3,000 jobs over the month.
Wholesale trade employment grew by 11,000 over the
month, with durable goods distribution adding 7,000 jobs.
In retail trade, eating and drinking places added 33,000jobs,
recouping much of its March decline.
Employment in transportation and public utilities was
relatively flat in April. A large gain in trucking (14,000)
was offset by declines in air transportation and in local transportation (both -7,000). Government employment was little
changed over the month.

Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.3 hour in
April to 34.4 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing
workweek dropped by 1.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime fell by 0.8 hour to 3.9 hours. These declines reflect, in
large part, the unusual timing of the Easter weekend in relation to the survey reference period. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined
by 0.4 percent to 142.9 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing index declined by 2.7 percent to 106.0. (See
table B-9.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased 4 cents in April
to $12.67, seasonally adjusted. Reflecting the decline in the
workweek, average weekly earnings decreased by 0.5 percent
to $435.85. Over the year, average hourly and weekly earnings have risen by 4.4 and 4.1 percent, respectively. (See
table B-11.)

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
With the release of May data in June, BLS will introduce revisions in the establishment-based series
on nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the regular annual benchmark adjustments and updated seasonal adjustment factors. This year's benchmark process affects all
unadjusted series from April 1996 forward.
BLS also will implement refinements to the seasonal adjustment process for the hours and earnings
series to correct for distortions related to the method of accounting for the varying length of payroll
periods across months.
All seasonally adjusted employment series will be revised from January 1993 forward. The hours
and earnings series will be revised from January 1989 forward to incorporate the new methodology.
Seasonal adjustment factors for March through October 1998 will be available on May 29, 1 week
prior to the release of the May estimates, on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm). Further
information on these revisions is available by calling (202) 606-6555.




Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

May

June 5

August

September 4

June

July 2

September

October 2

July

August 7

October

November 6

Revisions in State Establishment-Based
Employment Estimates Effective
January 1998

Eric M. Winslow
With the release of estimates for January 1998, nonfarm
payroll employment, hours, and earnings data for States and
areas (tables B-7, B-14, and B-18) were revised to reflect
the incorporation of March 1997 benchmarks, and the recomputation of seasonal adjustment factors (State estimates).
These revisions affected all unadjusted data from April 1996
forward and the seasonally adjusted State estimates from
January 1993 forward.
Detailed information on the effect of the benchmark on
the employment estimates was not available, however, at
the time the revisions were introduced. This article provides some background on benchmarking methods, detailed
information on the effects of the March 1997 benchmark
revisions, and some historical perspective.

Benchmark methods
The Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment survey, is a Federal/State cooperative program that
provides employment, hours, and earnings estimates for
States and areas on a timely basis by estimating the number
of jobs in the population from a sample of that population.
As in other sample surveys, estimates in the CES are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Sampling error is an unavoidable byproduct of forming an inference
about a population based on a sample. The larger the sample
is relative to the population, the smaller the sampling error.
The sample-to-population ratio varies across States and
industries. Nonsampling error is not unique to sample surveys, as it includes errors in reporting and processing.
To help control both sampling and nonsampling error,
the estimates are benchmarked annually to universe employment counts derived primarily from employment data
reported on unemployment insurance (UI) tax reports that
nearly all employers are required to file with State employment security agencies. Benchmark levels replace the original sample-based estimates from April of the previous year
to March of the benchmark year for each month. For the
current 1997 benchmark, estimates from April 1996 to March
1997 were replaced with Ul-based universe counts. Once
the new level for March 1997 had been determined, applying the appropriate sample links to the new level forward
Eric M. Winslow is an economist in the Division of Monthly Industry
Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.




recalculated the estimates for April 1997. The sample links
capture the over-the-month change of the sample estimates.
A sample link for a given month is calculated by dividing
employment reported by survey respondents for that month
by the employment reported by those same respondents for
the previous month. The links used during the benchmark
process may differ slightly from those used to derive the
original estimates, because they include data from respondents that reported too late for inclusion in the previously
published estimates. This process was completed, and the
revised data were released with the January 1998 estimates.
Improvements in the receipt of UI data and in the standardization of State operations have enabled all States to
replace estimates with UI data beyond March of the benchmark year. This use of more current UI data should reduce
the error associated with the next March benchmark revision. In the March 1997 benchmark, 9 States used third
quarter 1997 UI data (i.e., through September 1997) in their
benchmarking, while 41 States and the District of Columbia used second quarter 1997 UI data (i.e., through June
1997). Recalculated sample links were then applied to these
new levels to derive revised estimates for months after the
replacement quarter.

Benchmark revisions
The percentage differences between the March 1997
sample-based estimates and the revised March 1997
benchmarked levels are commonly used to report the magnitude of the revisions. The average absolute percentage
revision for State total nonfarm estimates was 0.4 percent
for March 1997, the smallest revision in 12 years. The range
of the percentage revisions for the States, at the total nonfarm level, was -1.3 percent to 1.3 percent. All major industry divisions, except mining, had smaller or equal average
absolute revisions this year as compared to last year. Trade
had the lowest average absolute revision, 0.6 percent, followed by government, 0.7 percent, and manufacturing, 0.8
percent. Mining and construction had the highest revisions
with average absolute revisions of 4.2 and 2.4 percent,
respectively (table 1).
The direction of the revisions indicates whether the March
1997 benchmark levels were greater or less than the original sample-based estimates. Historically, State estimates
have underestimated March employment levels during pe-

riods of economic growth and overestimated these levels
during periods of economic decline. For the current benchmark, 28 States revised total nonfarm employment upward,
18 States and the District of Columbia had downward revisions, and 4 States had virtually no revisions to total nonfarm employment. Thus, most States underestimated employment growth over the year ending in March 1997 (table
2). This is also reflected by the 0.2-mean percentage revision across all States for total nonfarm employment.
As the size of the CES sample for a particular estimate
decreases, the benchmark revision will, on average, increase.
This is reflected in the benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment for metropolitan statistical areas (MSA's).
For MSA's published by the CES program, the range of percentage revisions is from -3.5 to 3.3 percent with an average absolute revision of 0.9 percent. This compares to a
range of -1.3 to 1.3 percent and an average absolute percentage revision of 0.4 at the State level. Grouping MSA's
by size (as defined by total nonfarm employment) also demonstrates this pattern. As the size of the MSA's decreases,
the range of revisions increases as does the average absolute percentage revision (table 3).

Seasonal adjustment
Coincident with the benchmark adjustments, seasonally
adjusted employment data by State and major industry division were revised from 1993 forward to incorporate updated
seasonal adjustment factors. BLS uses a two-step seasonal
adjustment process for adjusting State nonfarm payroll em-

ployment estimates. This process uses UI seasonal trends to
adjust the benchmark historical data but, incorporates sample
seasonal trends to adjust the current sample-based estimates
in the post-benchmark months. By accounting for the differing seasonal patterns of the benchmark data and the
sample-based estimates, this technique yields an improved
seasonally adjusted series for analyzing over-the-month
employment change. Revised seasonally adjusted nonfarm
payroll employment data for all States and the District of
Columbia for the 1993-97 period appeared in the March
1998 issue of this publication. Data for the most recent 13
months are regularly shown in table B-7.

Additional information
State and area annual averages for 1995-97 by major industry are published in the May issue of this publication,
along with a detailed listing of the area definitions. Historical State and area employment, hours, and eamings data
are available on the Internet
(http://stats.bls.gov/
datahome.htm). Users may access the data via Anonymous
FTP, Series Report, or Selective Access at this address. Any
questions on how to access the data through the Internet
should be directed to (202) 6 0 6 - 7 3 5 1 . Inquiries for
additional information on the methods or estimates derived
from the CES survey should be sent to: U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Room 4860, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE,
Washington, DC 20212-0001. The telephone number is (202)
606-6559; Fax (202) 606-6644. The E-mail address is
Data_SA@bls.gov

Table 1. Differences between State employment estimates and benchmarks by industry, March 1992-97
Industry

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

Average absolute percentage differences

Total nonfarm
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Services
Government

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.5

0.5

0.4

5.9
3.6
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.6
.9

5.3
4.8
1.1
1.7
1.0
1.3
1.5
.6

4.7
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.2
2.1
1.4
.7

6.0
3.1
1.3
1.6
1.0
1.7
1.3
1.0

3.3
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.1

4.2
2.4
.8
1.4
.6
1.3
.9
.7

-3.0:1.7
-.2
.7

-1.3:1.3
.2
.5

Average percentage revisions

Total nonfarm:
Range
Mean
Standard deviation

-2.0:2.1
.4
.8

-.7:2.0
.5
.7

NOTE: The range indicates the lowest and highest percentage revision at the total nonfarm level. The mean is the sum of all the items in a
series divided by the number of items. The standard de\/iation is a widely
used measure of dispersion. It measures the extent to which the individual items in a series are scattered about the mean of the series and
indicates the reliability of the mean. For example, the March 1997 standard deviation (.5) is low, relative to March 1994 (.9). This is an indica-




-1.0:2.5
.6
.9

-1.7:1.5
.4
.9

tion that there is higher variation among State total nonfarm revisions
in March 1994 (i.e., the mean is less representative of the group) than
in March 1997 (i.e., the mean is more representative of the group).The
standard deviation is found by taking the difference of each item in a
series from the mean of the series, squaring each difference, summing
the squared differences, dividing the result by the number of items, and
obtaining the square root of that figure.

Table 2. Percent differences between nonfarm payroll employment benchmarks and estimates by State, March 1992-97
State

1993

1992

1994

1995

1996

1997

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

0.9
1.0
.2
-.1
-1.2
1.0
.4
-.5
.8
1.1

0.4
.2
.7
.3
.3
1.7
1.9
-.7
-.7
1.3

0.6
.7
2.5
1.1
1.4
1.5
.1
-.3
-.8
.4

1.1
-1.0
1.5
-.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.1
-.6
0)

0.1
0)
1.7
-.1
.3
-.8
-.3
-.2
-.4
.2

0.6
1.0
-.1
0)
-.2
.6
.4
-.3
-.2
.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

.4
.1
.6
0)
.2
.1
-.6
.7
-.7
-2.0

.6
.8
.5
1.0
1.2
.5
-.6
.1
1.1
-.3

.2
.6
-.6
.8
2.4
.2
-.1
1.9
2.5
.5

0)
.1
-1.0
.6
.7
.5
0)
.4
-1.7
0)

-.5
.5
-.6
-.6
-.1
-.1
-.7
0)
-.3
-.7

.5
.7
.5
.2
.4
-.2
-.5
0)
-.1
.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

.7
.1
.7
.7
.6
1.0
2.1
.9
-1.8
1.4

.6
1.2
.5
.3
.3
.9
-.7
.6
-.1
.5

1.0
-1.0
1.0
0)
1.7
.1
.2
2.2
1.8
.1

.9
.2
.3
.4
1.3
-1.0
-.2
.1
.6
-.1

.2
-.1
.8
.4
.4
-.3
.2
.9
-1.3
.2

.5
.3
.7
-.4
.1
.9
-.1
-.3
-.4
-1.3

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

.6
1.1

1.5
2.0
0)
.3
.3
.1
1.3
.8
.1
.5

-.2
.9
-.2
.1

.3
.5
.2
-.2
.7
.6
-.6
.4
1.0

-.2
-3.0
-.3
.3
-.6
-.4
.2
-.2
.1
-1.4

.4
0)
.4
-.9
.4
-.3
-.1
-.3
.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington

1.0
1.1
1.7
-.3
.3
1.3
.4
.9

-.2
.5
1.8
-.2
.4
.8
1.2
0)

.1
.8
1.0
-.1
-.1
1.1
-.4

.4
-.1
.4
.4
.2
-.1
-.4

.1
-2.0
-.8
-.5
-.3
-.3
.1
.3

1.1
.2
.6
1.3
.8
-.6
.5
.6

.4
.7
.1

-.4
.6
1.0

-.3
.8
1.3

.1
.9
.3

-.2
.5
-1.1

-.2
-.4
.5

.5
-.2
1.2
1.2
-.3
.5

West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

2.1
1.0
.5
.3
-.4

Table 3. Benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment In metropolitan areas, March 1997
MSA's grouped by level of total nonfarm employment
Measure

Average percentage revision
Range
Standard deviation
Average absolute percentage
revision




All MSA's

Less than
100,000

100,000 to
499,999

500,000 to
999,999

Over 1 million

0.3
-3.5:3.3
1.1

0.1
-3.5:3.1
1.4

0.2
-2.5:3.3
1.0

0.6
-0.9:2.9
.8

0.6
-0.3:2.3
.8

.9

1.2

.8

.7

.7

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547 204,731
136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523 137,242
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
67.1
66.9
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.2
67.0
129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.8
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.2
64.0
64.2
6,768
6,814
6,566
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
6,409
6,393
6,529
5,859
66,631
66,794
66,772
66,872
66,960
67,077
67,131
67,361
66,929
66,745
66,844
67,024
67,489
Unemployment rates

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

NOTE:

5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.2
9.9
8.0

4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7
4.1
10.3
7.6

5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.3
10.3
7.7

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.2
9.6
7.9

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.2
9.5
7.3

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.2
9.6
7.6

4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.1
9.6
7.8

4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.7
6.9

4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
3.9
9.9
7.5

4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1
4.0
9.3
6.9

4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7
3.9
9.7
6.8

4.7
3.9
4.3
15.0
4.1
9.2
6.9

4.3
3.4
4.1
13.1
3.6
8.9
6.5

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Industry
Apr

May

June

July

Aug.

r
1 Sept

1998
1
1 Mar.P

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

123,512
103,749
24,888
572
5,682
18,634
98,624
6,495
6,729
22,403
7,132
36,102
19,763

123.866
104,096
24,995
574
5,747
18,674
98,871
6,478
6,746
22,450
7,151
36,276
19,770

124,265
104,484
25,139
574
5,843
18,722
99,126
6,516
6,780
22,462
7,170
36,417
19,781

124,524
104,712
25,174
573
5,878
18,723
99,350
6,544
6,791
22,479
7,190
36,534
19,812

429
415
74
-2
32
44
355
-2
17
145
24
157
14

354
347
107
2
65
40
247
-17
17
47
19
174
7

399
388
144
0
96
48
255
38
34
12
19
141
11

259
228
35
-1
35
1
224
28
11
17
20
117
31

-24
-26
-95
-3
-85
-7
71
15
14
-26
28
38
2

262
243
21
-4
35
-10
241
-2
11
44
30
139
19

34.8
42.1
4.9

34.6
42.2
4.9

34.8
42.1
4.9

34.9
42.0
4.8

34.7
41.8
4.7

34.4
40.7
3.9

Oct.

Apr.P

Emptoyment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

121.671
102.092
24.667
573
5.599
18.495
97,004
6,421
6,622
22,029
7.019
35.334
19,579

121.834
102,269
24.702
576
5,628
18.498
97.132
6.431
6.630
22.026
7.029
35,451
19,565

122,056
102.417
24,714
574
5.622
18.518
97,342
6.434
6,634
22.079
7.034
35.522
19.639

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

327
293
-3
1
-10
6
330
16
11
84
27
158
34

163
177
35
3
29
3
128
10
8
-3
10
117
-14

222
148
12
-2
-6
20
210
3
4
53
5
71
74

384
304
-1
0
3
-4
385
9
30
80
24
162
80

52
-33
52
-1
12
41
0
-154
11
30
10
18
85

300
390
6
3
5
-2
294
184
12
26
14
148
-90

Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

345
42.1
4.9

345
420
4.8

34.6
41.8
4.6

344
41.8
4.7

34.6
41.8
4.7

345
41.9
4.7

Total private
Manufacturing

139 6
108 5

140.0
108.3

140.6
107.8

140.2
107.8

122,440 122.492 122,792
102.721 102.688 103,078
24.771
24.713 24.765
574
576
573
5.637
5.642
5.625
18.514
18,555
18.553
97.727 97.727
98.021
6.473
6,443
6.289
6,687
6.664
6,675
22.159 22.189 22.215
7.058
7.068
7.082
35,684
35,850
35.702
19.804
19,714
19.719

123,083
103,334
24,814
574
5,650
18.590
98,269
6.497
6,712
22.258
7,108
35,945
19,749

124,500 124,762
104,686 104,929
25,079
25,100
570
566
5,793
5,828
18,716
18,706
99,421
99,662
6,559
6,557
6,805
6,816
22,453
22,497
7,218
7,248
36,572
36,711
19,814
19,833

Over-the-month change
291
256
43
-2
8
37
248
24
25
43
26
95
35
Hours of work'
34.5
42.0
4.8

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982-100)*
1408
108.1

140 9
108.3

141.2
108.7

142.9
109.4

142.5
109.9

143.8
110.0

144.5
109.7

143.5
108.9

142.9
106.0

$12.48
7.62
434.30

$12.48
7.62
431.81

$12.52
7.64
435.70

$12.59
7.69
439.39

$12.63
7.72
438.26

$12.67
N.A.
435.85

Earnings'
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars^
Average weekly earnings, total private

$12.14
7.49
41883

$12.19
7.52
420.56

$12.23
7.54
423.16

$12.24
7.53
421.06

' Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
2 The Consumer Pnce Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clencal Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.




$12.31
7.56
42593

$12.35
7.56
426.08

$12.40
7.58
427.80

N.A. - not available.
p » preliminary,

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1994-98
Thousands
126,000

Thousands
126,000

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1994-98




Percent
8.0

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a nfiajor redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in
1998, data incorporate new confiposite estimation procedures and updated population controls. These
changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
I973I
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978^
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986^
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

19901
1991
1992
1993
I994I
1995
1996
I997I

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1997:
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December
1998:
January^
February
March
April

202,674
202,832
203,000
203,166
203,364
203,570
203,767
203,941
204,098

136,043
136,060
136,206
136,294
136,404
136,439
136,406
136,864
137,169

67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.2

129,275
129,494
129,392
129,661
129,747
129,761
129,910
130,575
130,777

63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.0
64.1

3,462
3,418
3,389
3,452
3,379
3,422
3,327
3,384
3,385

125,813
126,076
126,003
126,209
126,368
126,339
126,583
127,191
127,392

6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392

5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7

66,631
66,772
66,794
66,872
66,960
67,131
67,361
67,077
66,929

204,238
204,400
204,547
204,731

137,493
137,557
137,523
137,242

67.3
67.3
67.2
67.0

131,083
131,163
130,994
131,383

64.2
64.2
64.0
64.2

3,319
3,335
3,132
3,350

127,764
127,829
127,862
128,033

6,409
6,393
6,529
5,859

4.7
4.6
4.7
4.3

66,745
66,844
67,024
67,489

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3 Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1997 and eariier years because of the introduction of new composite
estimation procedures and revisions in the population controls used in the
household sun/ey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Sun/ey Effective January 1998" in the February 1998 issue of
this publication.

Civilian labor force

Sex. year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutlonal
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

MEN
19861
1987
1988
1989

85,798
86,899
87,857
88.762

65.422
66,207
66,927
67,840

76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4

60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5

2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4.530
4,101
3,655
3,525

6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971

90.377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96.206
97.715

69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0

65.104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66.450
67,377
68,207
69,685

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3

2,546
2,589
2.575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133

3.906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9

21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^

1997:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

97.474
97,559
97,649
97,733
97,838
97,946
98,050
98,141
98,225

73,184
73,089
73,225
73,218
73,265
73,192
73,311
73,682
73,662

75.1
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.9
74.7
74.8
75.1
75.0

69,565
69,765
69,586
69,711
69,748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195

71.4
71.5
71.3
71.3
71.3
71.1
71.2
71.7
71.5

2,641
2,610
2,583
2,572
2.504
2.552
2.468
2,503
2,497

66,924
67,155
67,003
67,139
67,244
67,104
67,317
67,849
67.698

3,619
3,324
3,639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467

4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7

24,290
24,470
24,424
24,515
24,573
24,754
24,739
24,459
24,563

98,241
98,331
98,405
98,503

73,852
73.780
73,695
73.799

75.2
75.0
74.9
74.9

70,518
70,459
70,297
70,831

71.8
71.7
71.4
71.9

2,463
2,458
2,356
2,584

68.056
68.001
67.941
68.246

3,333
3,320
3,399
2,969

4.5
4.5
4.6
4.0

24,389
24,551
24,710
24,704

1998:
January^
February
March
April

Annual averages

WOMEN
19861
1987
1988
1989

94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630

52.413
53.658
54.742
56.030

55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4

48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3

652
666
676
687

48.054
49.668
51,020
52,341

3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971

98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104.385
105,418

56.829
57.178
58.141
58.795
60.239
60.944
61,857
63,036

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8

53.689
53.496
54.052
54.910
56.610
57,523
58,501
59,873

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847

53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55.755
56.642
57,630
59.026

3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0

41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1997:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

105,200
105,274
105,351
105,433
105,527
105,623
105,718
105,799
105,873

62,859
62,971
62,981
63,076
63,139
63,247
63,095
63,182
63,507

59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.9
59.7
59.7
60.0

59,710
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582

56.8
56.7
56.8
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2

821
808
806
880
875
870
859
881
888

58,889
58,921
59,000
59,070
59,124
59,235
59,266
59,342
59,694

3,149
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925

5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6

42,341
42,303
42,370
42,357
42,388
42,376
42,623
42,617
42,366

105,997
106,070
106,141
106,228

63,641
63,777
63,827
63,443

60.0
60.1
60.1
59.7

60,565
60,704
60,697
60,553

57.1
57.2
57.2
57.0

856
876
776
766

59,709
59,827
59,921
59,787

3,076
3,073
3,130
2,890

4.8
4.8
4.9
4.6

42,356
42,293
42,314
42,785

1998:
Januarys
February
March
April

1 Not strictly comparable with prior years.
For an explanation, see 'Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of En-or.
^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3 Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and




earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and
revisions In the population controls used in the household survey. For additional
Information, see 'Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998' in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1998

1997
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547 204,731
136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523 137,242
Civilian labor force
67.2
67.3
67.1
66.9
67.2
67.0
67.3
67.0
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
Percent of population
129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383
Employed
64.0
64.2
64.0
63.8
64.1
63.7
63.8
64.2
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.2
63.8
Employment-population ratio
6,529
6,409
6,289
6,496
6,392
6,678
6,657
6,633
6,814
6,566
5,859
6,393
6,768
Unemployed
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.3
4.6
5.0
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 97,474
73,184
Civilian labor force
75.1
Percent of population
69,565
Employed
71.4
Employment-population ratio
2,641
Agriculture
66,924
Nonagricultural industries
3,619
Unemployed
4.9
Unemployment rate
24,290
Not in labor force

97,559
73,089
74.9
69,765
71.5
2,610
67,155
3,324
4.5
24,470

97,649
73,225
75.0
69,586
71.3
2,583
67,003
3,639
5.0
24,424

97,733
73,218
74.9
69,711
71.3
2,572
67,139
3,507
4.8
24,515

97,838
73,265
74.9
69,748
71.3
2,504
67,244
3,517
4.8
24,573

97,946
73,192
74.7
69,656
71.1
2,552
67,104
3,536
4.8
24,754

98,050
73,311
74.8
69,785
71.2
2,468
67,317
3,526
4.8
24,739

98,141
73,682
75.1
70,352
71.7
2,503
67,849
3,330
4.5
24,459

98,225
73,662
75.0
70,195
71.5
2,497
67,698
3,467
4.7
24,563

98,241
73,852
75.2
70,518
71.8
2,463
68,056
3,333
4.5
24,389

98,331
73,780
75.0
70,459
71.7
2,458

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 89,680
69,107
Civilian labor force
77.1
Percent of population
66,198
Employed
73.8
Employment-population ratio
2,411
Agriculture
63,787
Nonagricultural industries
2,909
Unemployed
4.2
Unemployment rate
20,573
Not in labor force

89,766
68,990
76.9
66,309
73.9
2,402
63,907
2,681
3.9
20,776

89,829
69,157
77.0
66,258
73.8
2,398
63,860
2,899
4.2
20,672

89,888
69,171
77.0
66,361
73.8
2,390
63,971
2,810
4.1
20,717

89,982
69,198
76.9
66,386
73.8
2,311
64,075
2,812
4.1
20,784

90,068
69,136
76.8
66,298
73.6
2,383
63,915
2,838
4.1
20,932

90,140
69,193
76.8
66,337
73.6
2,298
64,039
2,856
4.1
20,947

90,251
69.500
77.0
66,824
74.0
2,323
64.501
2,676
3.9
20,751

90,339
69,561
77.0
66,676
73.8
2,314
64,362
2,885
4.1
20,778

90,391
69,652
77.1
67,008
74.1
2,282
64,726
2,644
3.8
20,738

90,476
69,601
76.9
66,990
74.0
2,264
64,726

68,001

3,320
4.5
24,551

2,611

3.8
20,875

98,405
73,695
74.9
70,297
71.4
2,356
67,941
3,399
4.6
24,710

98,503
73,799
74.9
70,831
71.9
2,584
68,246
2,969
4.0
24,704

90,502
69,451
76.7
66,753
73.8
2,168
64,585
2,699
3.9
21,051

90,580
69,697
76.9
67,301
74.3
2,420
64,881
2,396
3.4
20,883

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 105,200 105,274 105,351 105,433 105,527 105,623 105,718 105,799 105,873 105,997 106,070 106,141 106,228
62,859 62,971 62,981 63,076 63,139 63,247 63,095 63,182 63,507 63,641 63,777 63,827 63,443
Civilian labor force
60.0
59.7
60.1
60.0
60.1
59.7
59.7
59.9
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
Percent of population
59,710 59,729 59,806 59,950 59,999 60,105 60,125 60,223 60,582 60,565 60,704 60,697 60,553
Employed
57.1
57.0
57.2
57.2
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2
56.8
56.7
56.9
56.8
56.9
Employment-population ratio
856
766
876
888
859
881
870
806
808
776
875
821
880
Agriculture
58,889 58,921 59,000 59,070 59,124 59,235 59,266 59,342 59,694 59,709 59,827 59,921 59,787
Nonagricultural industries
3,076
2,890
3,073
2,925
2,970
2,959
3,142
3,175
3,242
3,130
3,149
3,140
3,126
Unemployed
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
Unemployment rate
42,356
42,293
42,366
42,623
42,617
42,376
42,370
42,303
42,341
42,314 42,785
42,357 42,388
Not In labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional populationi .. 97,685
58,975
Civilian lalx)r force
60.4
Percent of population
56,357
Employed
57.7
Employment-population ratio
775
Agriculture
55,582
Nonagricultural industries
2,618
Unemployed
4.4
Unemployment rate
38,710
Not in labor force

97,767
59,129
60.5
56,488
57.8
760
55,728
2,641
4.5
38,638

97,834
59,195
60.5
56,575
57.8
755
55,820
2,620
4.4
38,639

97,919
59,232
60.5
56,693
57.9
831
55,862
2,539
4.3
38,687

98,000
59,362
60.6

60.6

56,789
57.9
824
55,965
2,573
4.3
38,638

56,883
58.0
826
56,057
2,549
4.3
38,650

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .. 15,309
7,961
Civilian labor force
52.0
Percent of population
6,720
Employed
43.9
Employment-population ratio
276
Agriculture
6,444
Nonagricultural industries
1,241
Unemployed
15.6
Unemployment rate
7,348
Not in labor force

15,300
7,941
51.9
6,697
43.8
256
6,441
1,244
15.7
7,359

15,336
7,854
51.2
6,559
42.8
236
6,323
1,295
16.5
7,482

15,359
7,891
51.4
6,607
43.0
231
6,376
1,284
16.3
7,468

15,382
7,844
51.0
6,572
42.7
244
6,328
1,272

15,420
7,871
51.0
6,580
42.7
213
6,367
1,291
16.4
7,549

16.2

7,538

^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the Independent seasonal




98,082
59,432

4.4
38,768

57,146
58.0
801
56,345
2,575
4.3
38,750

98,534
59,771
60.7
57,186
58.0
717
56,470
2,585
4.3
38,762

98,583
59,486
60.3
57,075
57.9
705
56,370
2,411
4.1
39,097

15,427
8,189
53.1
7,035
45.6
227
6,809
1,154
14.1
7,238

15,453
8,235
53.3
7,028
45.5
270
6,758
1,207
14.7
7,218

15,511
8,300
53.5
7,055
45.5
247
6,808
1,245
15.0
7,210

15,569
8,059
51.8
7,007
45.0
225
6,782
1,052
13.1
7,510

98,144
59,338
60.5
56,919
58.0
814
56,105
2,419
4.1
38,806

98,212
59,348
60.4
56,953
58.0
833
56,120
2,395
4.0
38,864

98,300
59,624
60.7
57,255
58.2
845
56,410
2,369
4.0
38,676

98,420
59,652
60.6
57,040
58.0
811
56,229

15,483
7,875
50.9
6,654
43.0
215
6,439

15,478
8,016
51.8
6,798
43.9
228
6,570

1,221

1,218

15.5
7,608

15.2
7,462

15,459
7,984
51.6
6,846
44.3
226
6,620
1,138
14.3
7,475

2,612

98,471
59,721
60.6

adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used In the
household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1998

1997
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

wnrrE
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

169,675 169,782 169,897 170,010 170,148 170,290 170,427 170,545 170,649 170,810 170,917 171,016 171,141
114,567 114,562 114,659 114,622 114,669 114,758 114,784 115,073 115,263 115,253 115,392 115,297 115,057
67.5
67.4
67.2
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.4
67.5
67.4
67.5
67.4
67.5
67.5
109,721 109,906 109,779 109,851 109,832 109,904 110,063 110,604 110,729 110,698 110,842 110,605 110,859
64.9
64.7
64.8
64.8
64.6
64.9
64.9
64.5
64.6
64.6
64.6
64.7
64.7
4,534
4,550
4,692
4,198
4,555
4,837
4,854
4,721
4,469
4,880
4,771
4,656
4,846
3.9
4.1
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,123
77.6
56,976
74.8
2,147
3.6

59,001
77.4
57,033
74.8
1,968
3.3

59,086
77.5
56,967
74.7
2,119
3.6

59,096
77.4
57,011
74.7
2,085
3.5

59,118
77.4
57,011
74.6
2,107
3.6

59,110
77.3
56,989
74.5
2,121
3.6

59,098
77.2
56,966
74.4
2,132
3.6

59,355
77.5
57,363
74.9
1,992
3.4

59,389
77.5
57,272
74.7
2,117
3.6

59,262
77.3
57,336
74.8
1,926
3.3

59,372
77.4
57,456
74.9
1,916
3.2

59,201
77.1
57,209
74.5
1,992
3.4

59,307
77.2
57,562
74.9
1,745
2.9

48,686
59.8
46,896
57.6
1,790
3.7

48,845
60.0
47,022
57.8
1,823
3.7

48,877
60.0
47,077
57.8
1,800
3.7

48,790
59.9
47,072
57.8
1,718
3.5

48,910
60.0
47,122
57.8
1,788
3.7

48,955
60.0
47,165
57.8
1,790
3.7

48,976
60.0
47,284
57.9
1,692
3.5

48,906
59.9
47,265
57.8
1,641
3.4

49,134
60.1
47,474
58.1
1,660
3.4

49,077
60.0
47,250
57.7
1,827
3.7

49,057
59.9
47,279
57.7
1,778
3.6

49,077
59.9
47,276
57.7
1,801
3.7

48,955
59.7
47,300
57.7
1,654
3.4

6,758
55.7
5,849
48.2
909
13.5
14.6
12.2

6,716
55.3
5,851
48.2
865
12.9
13.0
12.7

6,696
55.0
5,735
47.1
961
14.4
15.8
12.8

6,736
55.3
5,768
47.3
968
14.4
15.0
13.7

6,641
54.4
5,699
46.7
942
14.2
15.1
13.1

6,693
54.8
5,750
47.0
943
14.1
14.4
13.7

6,710
54.9
5,813
47.5
897
13.4
14.3
12.3

6,812
55.6
5,976
48.8
836
12.3
12.8
11.6

6,740
55.0
5,983
48.8
757
11.2
11.3
11.1

6,914
56.3
6,113
49.8
802
11.6
14.2
8.8

6,963
56.6
6,107
49.6
857
12.3
14.7
9.8

7,019
56.9
6,120
49.6
899
12.8
14.9
10.6

6,795
54.9
5,996
48.5
799
11.8
12.7
10.7

23,923
15,389
64.3
13,864
58.0
1,525
9.9

23,950
15,424
64.4
13,837
57.8
1,587
10.3

23,978
15,426
64.3
13,836
57.7
1,590
10.3

24,006
15,524
64.7
14,040
58.5
1,484
9.6

24,043
15,728
65.4
14,237
59.2
1,491
9.5

24,081
15,691
65.2
14,180
58.9
1,511
9.6

24,117
15,555
64.5
14,067
58.3
1,488
9.6

24,149
15,638
64.8
14,128
58.5
1,510
9.7

24,180
15,709
65.0
14,149
58.5
1,560
9.9

24,196
15,788
65.3
14,316
59.2
1,472
9.3

24,229
15,885
65.6
14,349
59.2
1,535
9.7

24,257
15,971
65.8
14,498
59.8
1,473
9.2

24,289
15,907
65.5
14,499
59.7
1,408
8.9

6,832
71.7
6,256
65.7
576
8.4

6,851
71.7
6,273
65.7
578
8.4

6,925
72.4
6,305
65.9
620
9.0

6,946
72.5
6,371
66.5
575
8.3

7,035
73.3
6,480
67.5
555
7.9

6,978
72.6
6,424
66.8
554
7.9

6,945
72.3
6,367
66.3
578
8.3

6,965
72.1
6,420
66.5
545
7.8

6,957
72.0
6,356
65.8
601
8.6

7,012
72.6
6,456
66.9
556
7.9

6,974
72.1
6,428
66.5
546
7.8

7,044
72.8
6,511
67.3
533
7.6

7,097
73.2
6,573
67.8
524
7.4

7,641
63.8
6,984
58.3
657
8.6

7,671
63.9
6,968
58.1
703
9.2

7,617
63.5
6,932
57.8
685
9.0

7,691
64.1
7,048
58.7
643
8.4

7,771
64.6
7,115
59.1
656
8.4

7,790
64.6
7,135
59.2
655
8.4

7,680
63.6
7,044
58.3
636
8.3

7,731
63.9
7,080
58.6
651
8.4

7,791
64.4
7,163
59.2
628
8.1

7,799
64.3
7,178
59.2
621
8.0

7,952
65.5
7,265
59.8
687
8.6

7,935
65.3
7,284
60.0
651
8.2

7,822
64.3
7,182
59.0
640
8.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex. age, and
Hispanic origin

1998

1997
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

BLACK-Continued
Both 80X08,16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

916
37.9
624
25.8
292
31.9
37.7
26.3

902
37.5
596
24.8
306
33.9
34.5
33.3

884
36.5
599
24.7
285
32.2
39.1
25.5

887
36.7
621
25.7
266
30.0
34.6
25.9

922
38.3
642
26.6
280
30.4
33.9
27.2

923
38.3
621
25.8
302
32.7
37.6
28.6

930
38.2
656
26.9
274
29.5
30.1
28.8

942
39.2
628
26.1
314
33.3
35.0
31.9

961
39.8
630
26.1
331
34.4
36.2
33.1

977
40.5
683
28.3
294
30.1
31.8
28.5

959
39.6
656
27.1
302
31.5
34.7
28.4

992
40.9
703
29.0
289
29.1
27.8
30.3

988
40.6
744
30.6
244
24.7
23.9
25.3

20,180
13,601
67.4
12,514
62.0
1,087
8.0

20,236
13,760
68.0
12,713
62.8
1,047
7.6

20,293
13,814
68.1
12,751
62.8
1,063
7.7

20,351
13,861
68.1
12,772
62.8
1,089
7.9

20,407
13,886
68.0
12,867
63.1
1,019
7.3

20,464
13,861
67.7
12,807
62.6
1,054
7.6

20,519
13,896
67.7
12,806
62.4
1,090
7.8

20,575
13,880
67.5
12,921
62.8
959
6.9

20,629
13,973
67.7
12,921
62.6
1,052
7.5

20,741
13,954
67.3
12,988
62.6
966
6.9

20,798
14,149
68.0
13,181
63.4
968
6.8

20,851
14,298
68.6
13,305
63.8
993
6.9

20,915
14,369
68.7
13,434
64.2
935
6.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and HIspanics




are Included In both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers In thousands)
1998

1997
Educational attainment
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,086 30,198 29,924 29,288 29,314 29,350 29,046 29,505 29,566 29,981 29,228 29,251 29,638
12,543 12,590 12,608 12,554 12,534 12,555 12,468 12,511 12,555 12,682 12,555 12,392 12,664
42.4
42.4
42.5
43.0
42.7
42.3
42.1
42.8
42.9
41.7
41.7
42.9
42.8
11,513 11,556 11,575 11,579 11,573 11,548 11,502 11,575 11,606 11,771 11,676 11,500 11,773
39.3
39.9
39.3
39.7
39.2
39.3
38.7
39.3
39.5
39.6
38.3
38.3
39.5
879
949
911
891
936
891
961 1,007
966
1,030 1,034 1,033
975
7.0
7.7
7.2
7.2
7.0
8.0
7.5
7.6
8.2
7.7
8.2
8.2
7.8

High school graduates, no college^
Civilian noninstitutional population"'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,239 57,392 57,643 57,581 57,607 57,483 57,459 57,310 57,631 57,606 57,418 57,885 57,484
37,687 37,669 37,826 37,987 37,842 37,585 37,759 37,641 37,827 37,787 37,807 37,931 37,340
65.7
65.8
65.4
65.7
65.6
65.6
65.5
65.0
65.6
65.7
65.8
65.6
66.0
36,098 36,097 36,174 36,382 36,225 36,003 36,179 36,193 36,287 36,303 36,302 36,331 35,885
62.4
63.2
63.2
62.6
63.0
63.0
62.8
62.8
63.2
62.9
63.0
63.1
62.9
1,589 1,572 1,652 1,605 1,617 1,582 1,580 1,448 1,540 1,485 1,505 1,600 1,454
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.2
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3

Less than a bachelor's degree^
Civilian noninstitutional population ^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,528 41,648 41,747 42,322 42,401 42,075 42,613 42,417 42,085 41,718 42,527 42,313 42,303
31,192 31,279 31,333 31,227 31,445 31,401 31,328 31,544 31,506 31,440 31,505 31,515 31,517
74.4
75.4
74.1
74.6
75.1
75.1
75.1
73.8
74.2
73.5
74.9
74.5
74.5
30,153 30,342 30,316 30,239 30,438 30,382 30,410 30,574 30,484 30,429 30,538 30,471 30,669
72.1
72.2
71.4
72.4
71.8
72.6
72.6
71.4
71.8
72.9
72.0
72.5
72.9
967 1,043
937 1,017
970 1,022 1,011
1,039
988 1,007 1,019
918
848
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.3
2.7
3.3
3.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,099 40,909 40,955 41,171 41,232 41,769 41,696 41,739 41,822 41,974 42,238 42,085 42,197
33,135 32,971 33,036 33,159 33,290 33,577 33,510 33,505 33,678 33,685 33,672 33,777 33,989
80.4
80.4
79.7
80.7
80.7
80.3
80.5
80.3
80.3
80.5
80.6
80.6
80.5
32,477 32,265 32,356 32,474 32,592 32,891 32,868 32,916 33,083 33,040 33,029 33,145 33,419
78.7
78.2
78.7
78.9
79.1
78.8
79.2
79.0
78.9
79.0
78.9
79.0
78.8
589
595
643
632
571
658
680
686
642
645
706
685
698
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
2.1
2.1

^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1997
Apr.

May

June

July

1998

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

105,862 106,095 106,343 106,548 106,672 106,926 106,824 107,491 107.452 107,777 107,788 107,696 108,107
62,055 62,160 62,245 62,332 62,376 62,487 62,439 63,014 62,829 62,909 62,810 62,740 63,092
60,767 60,863 60,976 61,038 61,101 61,197 61,142 61,672 61,505 61,652 61,534 61,434 61,810
43,778 43,912 44,146 44,304 44,375 44,436 44,369 44,452 44,589 44,741 44,869 44,855 44,957
42,943 43,085 43,281 43,364 43,468 43,518 43,479 43,546 43,691 43,856 43,898 43,810 43,997
2,147
2,152
2,086
2,146
2,103
2,211
2,203
2.273
2.256
2,356
2,452
2,268
2,300
23,322
7,439
5,378
15,899
13,405
4,539

23,327
7,487
5,326
15,816
13,400
4,601

22,987
7.323
5,260
15,689
13,280
4,447

23,016
7,375
5,323
15,628
13,290
4,403

23,061
7,436
5,355
15,623
13,291
4,415

23,004
7,348
5,278
15,652
13,366
4,360

23,163
7,401
5,255
15,766
13,432
4,476

23,244
7,432
5.226
15,802
13,447
4,571

23.422
7.459
5.257
16,014
13.559
4.606

23,373
7,469
5,273
15,833
13,258
4,842

23,249
7,547
5,319
15,704
13,175
4,755

23,428
7,550
5,305
15,901
13,382
4,742

23,201
7,641
5,404
15,580
13,099
4,698

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

5,375
2,986
2,651
2,410
2,140
584

5,300
2,855
2,487
2,472
2,162
651

5,480
3,164
2,669
2,395
2,125
686

5,329
2,961
2,585
2,344
2,102
642

5,305
2,958
2,568
2,369
2,116
621

5,309
2,984
2,571
2,361
2,069
669

5,215
2,991
2,600
2,254
1,979
636

4,987
2,834
2.466
2,205
1,905
616

5.203
2,994
2,689
2,220
1,914
600

5,075
2,645
2,438
2,296
2,102
536

5,070
2,610
2,386
2,369
2,137
547

5,126
2,725
2,462
2,322
2,050
613

4,690
2,461
2,167
2,252
1,993
530

Looking for part-time work .
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

1,394
639
256
768
486
652

1,303
519
193
788
496
614

1,296
542
227
772
474
595

1,305
558
219
766
445
641

1,346
577
233
752
459
654

1,328
561
245
751
458
625

1,288
570
263
705
440
585

1,329
551
226
779
499
604

1,238
502
220
753
462
556

1,339
549
206
760
505
627

1,279
583
220
708
443
615

1,409
582
234
806
536
640

1,170
504
228
686
426
516

4.8
4.6
4.2
5.2
4.7
21.3

4.8
4.4
3.9
5.3
4.8
23.3

4.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.7
24.7

4.8
4.5
4.1
5.0
4.6
23.0

4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
22.8

4.7
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.5
23.2

4.7
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.4
22.4

4.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
4.2
21.3

4.6
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.2
21.0

4.5
4.0
3.8
4.9
4.6
19.1

4.5
4.0
3.7
5.0
4.6
18.8

4.5
4.2
3.9
4.9
4.5
20.0

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
18.7

5.6
7.9
4.5
4.6
3.5
12.6

5.3
6.5
3.5
4.7
3.6
11.8

5.3
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.4
11.8

5.4
7.0
4.0
4.7
3.2
12.7

5.5
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.9

5.5
7.1
4.4
4.6
3.3
12.5

5.3
7.2
4.8
4.3
3.2
11.6

5.4
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
11.7

5.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
10.8

5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
11.5

5.2
7.2
4.0
4.3
3.3
11.5

5.7
7.2
4.2
4.8
3.8
11.9

4.8
6.2
4.0
4.2
3.2
9.9

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over ,
Women, 20 years and over ,
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..
UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES^
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time workers
M e n , 16 y e a r s a n d over

Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

^ These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning In January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MARrTAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383
42,426 42,375 42,476 42,582 42,680 42,648 42,771 42,967 42,952 42,977 42,915 42,779 42,865
32,549 32,520 32,654 32,813 32,861 32,846 32,978 32,840 32,975 32,793 32,821 32,872 32,973
7,884
7,822
7,784
7,776
7,892
7,865
7,726
7,813
7,875
7,876
7,820
7,820
7,790

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

37,571

37,356

37,549

37,598

37,765

37,860

37,844

37,986

38,205

38,099

38,164

38,454

38,643

38,143
17,326
14,216
18,382
3,572

38,304
17,418
14,279
18,593
3,612

38,188
17,450
14,282
18,540
3,502

38,240
17,550
14,234
18,476
3,531

38,334
17,713
14,038
18,452
3,442

38,535
17,746
13,859
18,302
3,483

38,537
17,723
14,051
18,385
3,438

38,540
17,827
14,191
18,467
3,512

38,562
17,890
14,299
18,394
3,472

38,382
18,162
14,285
18,622
3,355

38,491
17,950
14,456
18,632
3,436

38,693
17,752
14,656
18,179
3,269

38,585
17,478
14,673
18,447
3,495

1,952
1,438
62

1,917
1,442
52

1,912
1,429
47

1,897
1,478
52

1,853
1,477
50

1,889
1,495
44

1,815
1,475
55

1,855
1,493
49

1,844
1,496
54

1,949
1,348
44

1,928
1,324
41

1,866
1,242
32

1,987
1,324
28

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

116,515 116,874 116,642 117,146 117,372 117,303 117,635 118,083 118,403 118,529 118,961 119,131 118,774
98,467 99,011 98,529 98,843 99,169 99,194 99,560 99,913 100,155 100,108 100,583 101,058 100,571
877
877
948
888
935
910
946
985
923
911
1,035
1,022
1,014
97,544 98,063 97,641 97,932 98,234 98,317 98,683 99,003 99,209 99,123 99,547 100,037 99,557
18,048 17,863 18,113 18,303 18,203 18,109 18,075 18,170 18,248 18,421 18,378 18,072 18,202
9,124
9,089
8,927
9,004
8,886
8,964
9,098
8,955
8,949
8,930
8,761
8,784
9,069
142
128
97
129
126
83
92
99
117
102
133
131
124

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME^
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack wori< or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

4,360
2,402
1,625
18,155

4,060
2,295
1,440
18,218

4,049
2,347
1,373
18,205

4,019
2,236
1,489
18,055

3,988
2,164
1,487
18,096

3,928
2,187
1,455
17,901

3,913
2,211
1,406
18,113

3,890
2,221
1,386
18,083

3,855
2,230
1,323
18,386

4,082
2,282
1,400
18,515

3,882
2,123
1,455
18,407

3,902
2,188
1,445
18,448

3,735
2,074
1,300
18,084

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack wort< or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

4,204
2,279
1,599
17,588

3,853
2,166
1,402
17,654

3,819
2,202
1,320
17,577

3,858
2,121
1,462
17,452

3,832
2,066
1,455
17,521

3,739
2,067
1,417
17,381

3,732
2,103
1,378
17,537

3,689
2,100
1,346
17,486

3,654
2,113
1,291
17,791

3,865
2,162
1,373
17,898

3,743
2,025
1,433
17,786

3,726
2,057
1,416
17,929

3,608
1,998
1,276
17,470

^ Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(In ttiousands)
1997

1998

Age and sex
Apr.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383
19,069 19,191 18,919 19,017 18,855 19,013 19,002 19,257 19,304 19,574 19,587 19,563 19,691
6,654
6,697
6,559
6,607
6,720
6,572
6,580
6,798
7,035
6,846
7,028
7,055
7,007
2,702
2,628
2,622
2,567
2,680
2,615
2,640
2,680
2,843
2,676
2,803
2,840
2,823
3,943
3,982
4,010
4,105
3,976
3,936
3,976
4,118
4,193
4,224
4,176
4,215
4,173
12,349 12,494 12,360 12,410 12,283 12,433 12,348 12,459 12,458 12,539 12,560 12,508 12,684
110,241 110,337 110,487 110,610 110,858 110,831 110,964 111,251 111,445 111,463 111,505 111,398 111,755
94,225 94,225 94,540 94,717 94,910 94,772 94,707 94,859 94,941 95,125 95,099 95,055 95,148
15,929 16,031 15,892 15,934 16,063 16,104 16,220 16,417 16,523 16,367 16,401 16,388 16,475
69,565

69,765

69,586

69,711

69,748

69,656

69,785

70,352

70,195

70,518

70,459

70,297

70,831

9,943
3,367
1,349
2,016
6,576
59,599
50,652
8,921

10,134
3,456
1,338
2,126
6,678
59,639
50,680
8,958

9,904
3,328
1,338
2,001
6,576
59,671
50,772
8,858

9,929
3,350
1,331
2,007
6,579
59,781
50,858
8,932

9,895
3,362
1,339
1,996
6,533
59,850
50,906
9,007

9,880
3,358
1,360
1,980
6,522
59,877
50,871
9,009

9,889
3,448
1,398
2,075
6,441
59,952
50,867
9,060

10,070
3,528
1,401
2,128
6,542
60,234
51,125
9,152

10,010
3,519
1,377
2,151
6,491
60,168
51,034
9,151

10,178
3,510
1,472
2,041
6,668
60,288
51,235
9,048

10,132
3,470
1,397
2,080
6,662
60,315
51,201
9,087

10,167
3,544
1,452
2,093
6,622
60,117
51,144
8,991

10,263
3,529
1,444
2,088
6,733
60,520
51,357
9,114

59,710

59,729

59,806

59,950

59,999

60,105

60,125

60,223

60,582

60,565

60,704

60,697

60,553

9,126
3,353
1,353
1,994
5,773
50,642
43,573
7,008

9,057
3,241
1,277
1,979
5,816
50,698
43,545
7,073

9,015
3,231
1,290
1,942
5,784
50,816
43,768
7,034

9,088
3,257
1,291
1,975
5,831
50,829
43,859
7,002

8,960
3,210
1,228
1,980
5,750
51,008
44,004
7,056

9,133
3,222
1,280
1,956
5,911
50,954
43,901
7,095

9,113
3,206
1,282
1,901
5,907
51,012
43,840
7,160

9,187
3,270
1,279
1,990
5,917
51,017
43,734
7,265

9,294
3,327
1,299
2,025
5,967
51,277
43,907
7,372

9,396
3,525
1,371
2,152
5,871
51,175
43,890
7,319

9,455
3,558
1,406
2,144
5,898
51,190
43,898
7,314

9,397
3,511
1,388
2,122
5,886
51,281
43,910
7,397

9,429
3.478
1,380
2,086
5,951
51,235
43,791
7,361

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Sept.

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

6,768

6,566

6,814

6,633

6,657

6,678

6,496

6,289

6,392

6,409

6,393

6,529

5,859

2,434
1,241
610
632
1,193
4,287
3,767
479

2,361
1,244
586
664
1,117
4,249
3,787
480

2,426
1,295
550
743
1,131
4,371
3,867
509

2,350
1,284
571
729
1,066
4,245
3,750
488

2,393
1,272
559
722
1,121
4,296
3,778
504

2,408
1,291
631
669
1,117
4,304
3,791
512

2,375
1,221
568
654
1,154
4,122
3,636
472

2,360
1,218
574
646
1,142
3,923
3,461
472

2,300
1,138
576
555
1,162
4,149
3,659
480

2,371
1,154
596
549
1,218
4,019
3,588
459

2,378
1,207
638
538
1,171
4,018
3,571
450

2,335
1,245
579
670
1,090
4,184
3,712
486

2,063
1,052
506
546
1,011
3,751
3,293
426

3,619

3,324

3,639

3,507

3,517

3,536

3,526

3,330

3,467

3,333

3,320

3,399

2,969

1,334
710
341
371
624
2,272
1,994
262

1,209
643
304
345
566
2,156
1,878
264

1,337
740
328
421
597
2,292
2,007
285

1,293
697
309
385
596
2,201
1,928
274

1,334
705
295
417
629
2,220
1,921
284

1,347
698
314
381
649
2,182
1,901
276

1,350
670
311
360
680
2,176
1,887
277

1,325
654
312
349
671
2,005
1,727
278

1,250
582
310
268
668
2,213
1,896
325

1,278
689
330
357
588
2,050
1,785
289

1,348
709
371
313
639
1,975
1,718
268

1,282
700
330
374
582
2,102
1,828
285

1,105
573
253
320
532
1,854
1,602
244

3,149

3,242

3,175

3,126

3,140

3,142

2,970

2,959

2,925

3,076

3,073

3,130

2,890

1,100
531
269
261
569
2,015
1,773
217

1,152
601
282
319
551
2,093
1,909
216

1,089
555
222
322
534
2,079
1,860
224

1,057
587
262
344
470
2,044
1,822
214

1,059
567
264
305
492
2,076
1,857
220

1,061
593
317
288
468
2,122
1,890
236

1,025
551
257
294
474
1,946
1,749
195

1,035
564
262
297
471
1,918
1,734
194

1,050
556
266
287
494
1,936
1,763
155

1,094
464
266
191
629
1,969
1,802
170

1,030
498
267
225
532
2,043
1,853
181

1,053
545
249
296
508
2,082
1,884
201

958
479
253
226
479
1,897
1,692
182

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used In the household survey.

(Percent)
1997

1998

Age and sex
Apr.

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

5.0

4.8

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.7

4.3

11.3
15.6
18.4
13.6
8.8
3.7
3.8
2.9

11.0
15.7
18.3
13.9
8.2
3.7
3.9
2.9

11.4
16.5
17.3
15.9
8.4
3.8
3.9
3.1

11.0
16.3
17.9
15.5
7.9
3.7
3.8
3.0

11.3
16.2
17.9
15.4
8.4
3.7
3.8
3.0

11.2
16.4
19.3
14.5
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.1

11.1
15.5
17.5
14.1
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8

10.9
15.2
17.6
13.6
8.4
3.4
3.5
2.8

10.6
14.3
17.7
11.7
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8

10.8
14.1
17.3
11.6
8.9
3.5
3.6
2.7

10.8
14.7
18.5
11.3
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.7

10.7
15.0
16.9
13.7
8.0
3.6
3.8
2.9

9.5
13.1
15.2
11.6
7.4
3.2
3.3
2.5

4.9

4.5

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.5

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.0

11.8
17.4
20.2
15.5
8.7
3.7
3.8
2.9

10.7
15.7
18.5
14.0
7.8
3.5
3.6
2.9

11.9
18.2
19.7
17.4
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1

11.5
17.2
18.8
16.1
8.3
3.6
3.7
3.0

11.9
17.3
18.1
17.3
8.8
3.6
3.6
3.1

12.0
17.2
18.8
16.1
9.1
3.5
3.6
3.0

12.0
16.3
18.2
14.8
9.5
3.5
3.6
3.0

11.6
15.6
18.2
14.1
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9

11.1
14.2
18.4
11.1
9.3
3.5
3.6
3.4

11.2
16.4
18.3
14.9
8.1
3.3
3.4
3.1

11.7
17.0
21.0
13.1
8.7
3.2
3.2
2.9

11.2
16.5
18.5
15.2
8.1
3.4
3.5
3.1

9.7
14.0
14.9
13.3
7.3
3.0
3.0
2.6

5.0

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.6

10.8
13.7
16.6
11.6
9.0
3.8
3.9
3.0

11.3
15.6
18.1
13.9
8.7
4.0
4.2
3.0

10.8
14.7
14.7
14.2
8.5
3.9
4.1
3.1

10.4
15.3
16.9
14.8
7.5
3.9
4.0
3.0

10.6
15.0
17.7
13.3
7.9
3.9
4.0
3.0

10.4
15.5
19.8
12.8
7.3
4.0
4.1
3.2

10.1
14.7
16.7
13.4
7.4
3.7
3.8
2.7

10.1
14.7
17.0
13.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6

10.2
14.3
17.0
12.4
7.6
3.6
3.9
2.1

10.4
11.6
16.3
8.2
9.7
3.7
3.9
2.3

9.8
12.3
16.0
9.5
8.3
3.8
4.1
2.4

10.1
13.4
15.2
12.2
7.9
3.9
4.1
2.6

9.2
12.1
15.5
9.8
7.5
3.6
3.7
2.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Sept.

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

1998

1997
Category
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6

4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7

5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4

4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5

4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2

4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3

4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1

4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7

4.7
3.9
4.3
15.0

4.3
3.4
4.1
13.1

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

4.2
8.9
9.9
8.0

4.1
9.2
10.3
7.6

4.3
8.9
10.3
7.7

4.2
8.4
9.6
7.9

4.2
8.4
9.5
7.3

4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6

4.1
8.2
9.6
7.8

3.9
8.4
9.7
6.9

3.9
8.6
9.9
7.5

4.0
8.3
9.3
6.9

3.9
8.3
9.7
6.8

4.1
8.2
9.2
6.9

3.6
7.5
8.9
6.5

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.7
3.2
7.9

2.7
3.2
7.9

2.7
3.2
8.0

2.6
3.1
7.6

2.6
3.0
8.0

2.6
3.1
7.8

2.6
2.8
7.8

2.4
2.8
8.1

2.6
2.8
7.7

2.6
3.1
7.6

2.5
3.1
7.6

2.5
3.3
7.6

2.2
2.8
7.6

2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
6.8

2.1
3.9
4.7
7.2
6.6

2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
7.9

2.0
4.1
4.9
7.4
6.5

2.0
4.1
4.7
7.6
7.2

2.0
4.0
4.8
7.8
6.7

1.8
3.9
5.3
7.1
7.3

1.7
3.9
4.5
7.1
6.6

1.9
4.0
4.7
7.0
7.2

2.0
4.2
4.6
5.9
6.8

2.0
4.0
4.1
6.5
6.3

1.8
4.1
4.5
6.9
7.1

1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
5.8

5.0
5.4
2.3
8.8
4.4
3.6
5.5
4.9
2.9
6.2
3.3
4.6
2.4
9.5

5.0
5.3
3.3
8.6
4.3
3.6
5.3
4.9
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.7
2.5
7.6

5.0
5.2
2.8
8.8
4.2
3.6
5.0
4.9
3.0
6.4
2.5
4.7
2.8
10.4

4.9
5.3
4.1
8.7
4.3
3.5
5.4
4.8
3.4
6.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
8.4

5.0
5.3
4.9
9.0
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.9
3.7
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.9

5.0
5.2
3.4
8.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
4.9
3.8
6.2
3.0
4.6
2.6
9.0

4.8
5.0
4.5
8.7
3.8
3.1
4.8
4.7
3.3
6.1
2.9
4.3
2.4
9.6

4.7
4.6
3.3
7.9
3.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.1
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
8.6

4.8
5.0
3.3
8.9
3.8
3.1
4.9
4.7
3.3
5.8
2.8
4.5
2.1
9.7

4.7
4.8
4.0
7.9
3.9
3.4
4.5
4.7
3.8
5.9
2.6
4.3
2.4
10.6

4.7
4.7
2.6
7.8
3.7
2.9
5.0
4.7
3.2
5.8
2.6
4.7
2.3
8.6

4.7
5.0
3.7
8.6
3.8
3.6
4.2
4.6
3.3
5.4
2.6
4.7
2.9
9.7

4.3
4.4
2.3
6.3
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.3
3.1
5.2
2.2
4.3
2.0
8.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION^
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Govemment wori<ers
Agricultural wage and salary wori^ers

1 Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used In the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Reason
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,961
909
2,052
808
2,338
573

3,094
928
2,166
827
2,333
510

2,954
894
2,060
812
2,263
564

3,010
891
2,119
894
2,173
554

3,007
893
2,114
853
2,263
560

2,934
963
1,971
732
2,247
555

2,886
815
2,071
655
2,229
560

2,991
961
2,030
692
2,170
552

2,807
860
1,947
808
2,229
518

2,795
821
1,975
786
2,266
543

2,980
980
2,000
744
2,215
549

2,631
696
1,935
625
2,096
511

44.6
14.1
30.6
11.4
35.6
8.4

44.3
13.6
30.7
12.1
35.0
8.6

45.7
13.7
32.0
12.2
34.5
7.5

44.8
13.6
31.2
12.3
34.3
8.6

45.4
13.4
32.0
13.5
32.8
8.4

45.0
13.4
31.6
12.8
33.9
8.4

45.4
14.9
30.5
11.3
34.7
8.6

45.6
12.9
32.7
10.3
35.2
8.8

46.7
15.0
31.7
10.8
33.9
8.6

44.1
13.5
30.6
12.7
35.0
8.1

43.7
12.8
30.9
12.3
35.5
8.5

45.9
15.1
30.8
11.5
34.1
8.5

44.9
11.9
33.0
10.7
35.7
8.7

2.2
.6
1.8
.4

2.2
.6
1.7
.4

2.3
.6
1.7
.4

2.2
.6
1.7
.4

2.2
.7
1.6
.4

2.2
.6
1.7
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

1.9
.5
1.5
.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .... 3,038
On temporary layoff
958
2,080
Not on temporary layoff
776
Job leavers
2,422
Reentrants
569
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new confiposlte estimation

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
1998

1997
Duration
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,471
2,177
2,088
1,033
1,055

2,542
2,067
2,076
1,054
1,022

2,541
2,188
2,069
1,031
1,038

2,446
2,097
2,128
1,061
1,067

2,564
2,121
2,027
950
1,077

2,484
2,115
2,109
1,031
1,078

2,558
1,912
1,990
919
1,071

2,423
2,048
1,865
899
966

2,531
1,922
1,964
936
1,028

2,488
1,971
1,811
773
1,038

2,622
1,909
1,830
855
974

2,858
1,979
1,731
841
891

2,632
1,901
1,417
584
833

15.4
8.1

15.3
7.8

15.3
7.9

16.5
8.2

15.8
7.9

15.9
8.1

16.3
7.7

15.6
7.8

16.3
7.7

15.6
7.4

15.6
7.2

14.3
6.8

14.3
6.4

100.0
36.7
32.3
31.0
15.3
15.7

100.0
38.0
30.9
31.1
15.8
15.3

100.0
37.4
32.2
30.4
15.2
15.3

100.0
36.7
31.4
31.9
15.9
16.0

100.0
38.2
31.6
30.2
14.2
16.0

100.0
37.0
31.5
31.4
15.4
16.1

100.0
39.6
29.6
30.8
14.2
16.6

100.0
38.2
32.3
29.4
14.2
15.2

100.0
39.4
30.0
30.6
14.6
16.0

100.0
39.7
31.4
28.9
12.3
16.6

100.0
41.2
30.0
28.8
13.4
15.3

100.0
43.5
30.1
26.4
12.8
13.6

100.0
44.2
31.9
23.8
9.8
14.0

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, In weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

April 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagrlcultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

204,731
15,569
7,907
7,662
17,539
117,329
38,954
18,685
20,269
44,195
22,405
21,790
34,181
18,697
15.484
22,115
12,116
9,999
32,178
9,413
8,607
14,159

136,379
7,554
3,041
4,513
13,430
98,421
32,850
15,807
17,043
37,407
18,918
18,490
28,163
15,816
12,347
13,163
8,455
4,708
3,811
2,133
1,039
639

66.6
48.5
38.5
58.9
76.6
83.9
84.3
84.6
84.1
84.6
84.4
84.9
82.4
84.6
79.7
59.5
69.8
47.1
11.8
22.7
12.1
4.5

130,735
6,577
2,543
4,033
12,483
95,118
31,567
15,154
16,412
36,183
18,264
17,918
27,369
15,391
11,978
12,851
8,267
4,584
3,707
2,070
1,016
622

63.9
42.2
32.2
52.6
71.2
81.1
81.0
81.1
81.0
81.9
81.5
82.2
80.1
82.3
77.4
58.1
68.2
45.8
11.5
22.0
11.8
4.4

3,315
204
104
99
349
2,071
753
355
398
718
401
317
601
354
247
406
209
198
284
123
85
76

127,421
6,373
2,439
3,934
12,134
93,047
30,814
14,799
16,015
35,465
17,863
17,602
26,768
15,037
11,731
12,445
8,058
4,387
3,423
1,947
931
546

5,643
977
498
479
948
3,303
1,284
653
631
1,225
653
572
794
425
369
312
189
124
104
63
23
17

4.1
12.9
16.4
10.6
7.1
3.4
3.9
4.1
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.1
2.8
2.7
3.0
2.4
2.2
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.2
2.7

68,352
8,015
4,866
3,149
4,109
18,909
6,104
2,878
3,226
6,787
3,487
3,300
6,018
2,881
3,136
8,952
3,660
5,291
28,368
7,280
7,568
13,520

98,503
7,924
4,075
3,848
8,737
57,715
19,230
9,191
10,039
21,799
11,049
10,749
16,686
9,148
7,538
10,564
5,837
4,727
13,564
4,326
3,743
5,495

73,336
3,856
1,560
2,296
7,093
52,979
17,900
8,558
9,343
20,150
10,266
9,884
14,929
8,330
6,599
7,160
4,575
2,585
2,248
1,218
635
395

74.5
48.7
38.3
59.7
81.2
91.8
93.1
93.1
93.1
92.4
92.9
91.9
89.5
91.1
87.5
67.8
78.4
54.7
16.6
28.1
17.0
7.2

70,348
3,321
1,302
2,019
6,583
51,287
17,247
8,216
9,031
19,571
9,965
9,606
14,469
8,083
6,386
6,976
4,463
2,513
2,181
1,180
618
383

71.4
41.9
31.9
52.5
75.4
88.9
89.7
89.4
90.0
89.8
90.2
89.4
86.7
88.4
84.7
66.0
76.5
53.2
16.1
27.3
16.5
7.0

2,563
157
87
71
269
1,624
602
297
305
568
329
239
454
262
192
287
136
151
226
105
63
59

67,785
3,163
1,215
1,948
6,315
49,663
16,645
7,919
8,726
19,004
9,636
9,367
14,015
7,821
6,194
6,689
4,328
2,362
1,955
1,076
555
324

2,988
535
258
277
510
1,692
653
342
312
579
301
278
460
247
213
184
111
73
67
37
18
12

4.1
13.9
16.5
12.1
7.2
3.2
3.6
4.0
3.3
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.6
2.4
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.1

25,167
4,068
2,516
1,552
1,644
4,735
1,330
633
696
1,648
783
866
1,757
818
939
3,404
1,263
2,142
11,316
3,108
3,108
5,100

106,228
7,645
3,831
3,814
8,803
59,615
19,724
9,494
10,230
22,396
11,355
11,041
17,494
9,549
7,946
11,551
6,279
5,273
18,614
5,087
4,863
8,664

63,043
3,698
1,482
2,216
6,337
45,442
14,950
7,249
7,701
17,257
8,651
8,606
13,234
7,486
5,749
6,004
3,881
2,123
1,562
915
403
244

59.3
48.4
38.7
58.1
72.0
76.2
75.8
76.4
75.3
77.1
76.2
77.9
75.6
78.4
72.3
52.0
61.8
40.3
8.4
18.0
8.3
2.8

60,387
3,256
1,242
2,015
5,899
43,831
14,319
6,938
7,381
16,611
8,299
8,312
12,900
7,308
5,593
5,875
3,804
2,072
1,526
889
398
239

56.8
42.6
32.4
52.8
67.0
73.5
72.6
73.1
72.2
74.2
73.1
75.3
73.7
76.5
70.4
50.9
60.6
39.3
8.2
17.5
8.2
2.8

752
47
18
29
80
447
150
58
93
150
72
78
147
92
55
120
73
46
58
18
22
17

59,636
3,210
1,224
1,986
5,819
43,384
14,169
6,881
7,289
16,461
8,227
8,234
12,753
7,216
5,537
5,756
3,730
2,025
1,468
871
376
221

2,655
442
240
202
438
1,610
631
311
319
646
352
294
334
178
156
128
77
51
36
26
6
5

4.2
11.9
16.2
9.1
6.9
3.5
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.7
4.1
3.4
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.1
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.8
1.4
2.1

43,185
3,947
2,350
1,597
2,465
14,173
4,774
2,245
2,529
5,139
2,704
2,435
4,260
2,063
2,197
5,548
2,398
3,150
17,052
4,172
4,460
8,420

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years .
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




April 1998
Civilian labor force
Age. sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

171,141
12,371
6,267
6,104
14,100
96,967
31,452
15,061
16,391
36,553
18,530
18,023
28,962
15,715
13,248
19,084
10,431
8,652
28,620
8,194
7,625
12,800

114,380
6,394
2,615
3,780
11,110
81,951
26,754
12,866
13,887
31,136
15,754
15,382
24,061
13,388
10,674
11,463
7,365
4,098
3,462
1,931
955
576

66.8
51.7
41.7
61.9
78.8
84.5
85.1
85.4
84.7
85.2
85.0
85.3
83.1
85.2
80.6
60.1
70.6
47.4
12.1
23.6
12.5
4.5

110,343
5,653
2,243
3,410
10,479
79,618
25,884
12,419
13,466
30,284
15,309
14,975
23,449
13,065
10,384
11,221
7,222
3,999
3,372
1,875
935
562

64.5
45.7
35.8
55.9
74.3
82.1
82.3
82.5
82.2
82.9
82.6
83.1
81.0
83.1
78.4
58.8
69.2
46.2
11.8
22.9
12.3
4.4

3,122
201
102
99
338
1,935
719
341
377
667
372
295
550
331
219
373
194
179
275
120
79
76

107,221
5,452
2,141
3,311
10,142
77,682
25,166
12,077
13,088
29,617
14,937
14,680
22,900
12,734
10,165
10,848
7,029
3,820
3,097
1,755
855
486

4.037
741
372
370
631
2.334
869
448
422
852
445
407
612
323
290
242
142
99
89
56
20
13

3.5
11.6
14.2
9.8
5.7
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.1
1.9
2.4
2.6
2.9
2.1
2.3

56,761
5,977
3.653
2.324
2.990
15.016
4.698
2,194
2,504
5,417
2,776
2,641
4,901
2,327
2,574
7,621
3,067
4,554
25,158
6,263
6,670
12,224

83,168
6,352
3,236
3,116
7,149
48,318
15,724
7,524
8,200
18,278
9,275
9,004
14,315
7,800
6,515
9,210
5,071
4,139
12,139
3,804
3,373
4,962

62,514
3,329
1,356
1,974
5,978
44,863
14,824
7,100
7,724
17,106
8,699
8,406
12,933
7,162
5,771
6,308
4,021
2,288
2,036
1,094
585
358

75.2
52.4
41.9
63.3
83.6
92.8
94.3
94.4
94.2
93.6
93.8
93.4
90.3
91.8
88.6
68.5
79.3
55.3
16.8
28.7
17.3
7.2

60,299
2,909
1,151
1,758
5,635
43,612
14,362
6,864
7,498
16,689
8,487
8,202
12,561
6,958
5,603
6,161
3,924
2,236
1.982
1,063
570
350

72.5
45.8
35.6
56.4
78.8
90.3
91.3
91.2
91.4
91.3
91.5
91.1
87.7
89.2
86.0
66.9
77.4
54.0
16.3
27.9
16.9
7.0

2.398
155
84
71
258
1,505
570
283
287
525
308
217
410
244
166
262
122
140
219
102
58
59

57,901
2,755
1,067
1,687
5,377
42,107
13,791
6,581
7,211
16,164
8,179
7,986
12,151
6,714
5,437
5,899
3,802
2,096
1,764
961
512
291

2,215
420
205
215
343
1,251
462
236
226
416
213
204
372
204
169
148
96
52
53
31
15
8

3.5
12.6
15.1
10.9
5.7
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.3

20,654
3,023
1.880
1,143
1,172
3,455
901
425
476
1,172
575
597
1.382
638
744
2.901
1.050
1.852
10.103
2.711
2.788
4,604

87,973
6,019
3,031
2,988
6,951
48,649
15,727
7,536
8,191
18,275
9,255
9,019
14,647
7,915
6,732
9,874
5,361
4,513
16,480
4,390
4,253
7,838

51,866
3,065
1,259
1,806
5,133
37,089
11,930
5,767
6,163
14,030
7,055
6,976
11,128
6,225
4,903
5,154
3,344
1,810
1,426
838
370
218

59.0
50.9
41.5
60.5
73.8
76.2
75.9
76.5
75.2
76.8
76.2
77.3
76.0
78.7
72.8
52.2
62.4
40.1
8.7
19.1
8.7
2.8

50.044
2.744
1.092
1.652
4,845
36,006
11,523
5,555
5,968
13,595
6,822
6,772
10,888
6,107
4,782
5,060
3,298
1,762
1,390
812
365
213

56.9
45.6
36.0
55.3
69.7
74.0
73.3
73.7
72.9
74.4
73.7
75.1
74.3
77.2
71.0
51.3
61.5
39.1
8.4
18.5
8.6
2.7

724
47
18
29
80
430
148
58
91
142
64
78
140
86
53
111
72
39
57
18
21
17

49,320
2,697
1,074
1,624
4,765
35,576
11,374
5,497
5,877
13,453
6,758
6,695
10.749
6,020
4,728
4,949
3,226
1,723
1,333
794
344
195

1,822
321
167
154
288
1,083
408
212
195
436
232
203
240
119
121
94
46
48
36
25
6
5

3.5
10.5
13.3
8.5
5.6
2.9
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.2
1.9
2.5
1.8
1.4
2.6
2.5
3.0
1.5
2.3

36,107
2,954
1,773
1,181
1,818
11,561
3,797
1.770
2,028
4,244
2,201
2,043
3,519
1,690
1,830
4,720
2,017
2,703
15,054
3,552
3,882
7,620

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




April 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

24,289
2,435
1,244
1,190
2,534
14,431
5,233
2,549
2,684
5,491
2,836
2,655
3,707
2,161
1,547
2,195
1,192
1,003
2,695
874
779
1,042

15,776
912
343
568
1,740
11,676
4,318
2,100
2,218
4,495
2,336
2,160
2,863
1,744
1,119
1,193
755
438
255
138
66
51

64.9
37.4
27.6
47.7
68.7
80.9
82.5
82.4
82.6
81.9
82.4
81.3
77.2
80.7
72.4
54.4
63.3
43.7
9.5
15.8
8.4
4.9

14,429
705
234
470
1,460
10,876
3,975
1,938
2,037
4,183
2,155
2,028
2,717
1,654
1,063
1,146
727
418
243
133
63
47

59.4
29.0
18.8
39.5
57.6
75.4
76.0
76.0
75.9
76.2
76.0
76.4
73.3
76.6
68.7
52.2
61.0
41.7
9.0
15.2
8.1
4.5

10,887
1,196
624
572
1,161
6,523
2,339
1,126
1,213
2,510
1,291
1,220
1,674
980
694
943
520
423
1,064
359
306
398

7,460
410
160
250
817
5,525
2,044
984
1,060
2,126
1,116
1,010
1,355
827
528
563
360
203
145
75
36
34

68.5
34.3
25.6
43.7
70.4
84.7
87.4
87.4
87.4
84.7
86.5
82.8
81.0
84.4
76.1
59.7
69.3
48.0
13.6
20.8
11.8
8.5

6,844
317
120
197
673
5,185
1,896
907
990
2,003
1,043
960
1,286
792
494
537
350
186
133
70
33
30

62.9
26.5
19.1
34.5
58.0
79.5
81.1
80.5
81.6
79.8
80.8
78.7
76.8
80.8
71.2
56.9
67.3
44.1
12.5
19.4
10.8
7.5

13,402
1,238
620
618
1,373
7,908
2,893
1,423
1,471
2,981
1,546
1,435
2,034
1,181
853
1,252
671
580
1,631
515
472
644

8,316
502
184
318
923
6,151
2,274
1,116
1,158
2,370
1,220
1,150
1,508
917
591
630
394
235
110
64
30
17

62.0
40.5
29.6
51.5
67.2
77.8
78.6
78.4
78.8
79.5
78.9
80.1
74.1
77.6
69.3
50.3
58.7
40.6
6.8
12.4
6.3
2.6

7,585
388
115
273
786
5,691
2,079
1,031
1,048
2,180
1,112
1,068
1,431
863
569
609
377
232
110
63
30
17

56.6
31.3
18.5
44.2
57.3
72.0
71.9
72.5
71.2
73.1
72.0
74.4
70.4
73.1
66.7
48.7
56.2
40.0
6.7
12.3
6.3
2.6

120
3
3
-

9
90
21
6
15
36
21
14
34
15
19
14
8
6
4
3
2
-

14,308
702
232
470
1,451
10,785
3,955
1,932
2,023
4,147
2,134
2,013
2,683
1,639
1,044
1,132
719
412
238
130
61
47

1,347
207
109
98
280
800
343
162
180
312
181
132
145
89
56
47
27
20
13
5
3
4

6,734
314
117
197
665
5,101
1,878
901
977
1,969
1,024
945
1,254
778
475
527
344
183
128
67
31
30

616
93
40
53
144
340
147
77
70
123
73
50
69
35
34
27
10
17
12
5
3
4

7,574
388
115
273
786
5,685
2,077
1,031
1,046
2,178
1,110
1,068
1,429
861
569
605
376
229
110
63
30
17

731
114
69
45
136
460
195
85
110
189
107
82
76
54
22
20
17
3

8.5
22.7
31.7
17.2
16.1
6.9
7.9
7.7
8.1
7.0
7.7
6.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.9
4.0

O

(M

8,514
1,523
901
622
794
2,755
915
449
466
996
500
495
844
417
427
1,002
437
565
2,440
736
713
991

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

110
3
3
-

9
84
18
6
13
33
19
14
32
13
33
10
7
3
4
3
2
-

8.3
22.7
25.2
21.1
17.6
6.2
7.2
7.9
6.6
5.8
6.6
4.9
5.1
4.3
6.4
4.8
2.9
8.1
8.4
6.8

O

(M

3,427
786
464
322
343
998
296
142
153
384
174
210
318
153
166
380
160
220
919
285
270
364

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures




11
-

_
—

6
2
-

2
2
2
-

2
2
-

4
2
3
—
-

8.8
22.7
37.4
14.2
14.8
7.5
8.6
7.6
9.5
8.0
8.8
7.1
5.1
5.9
3.8
3.2
4.3
1.5
.4

_
_
_

_
_

-

-

and revised population controls used in the household survey.

5,086
736
436
300
451
1,757
619
307
312
611
326
285
526
264
262
622
277
345
1,520
451
443
627

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Apr.
1997

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

202,674
135,181
66.7
128,629
3,425
125,205
6,551
4.8
67,494

204,731
136,379
66.6
130,735
3,315
127,421
5,643
4.1
68,352

89,680
68,933
76.9
65,957
2,396
63,560
2,976
4.3
20,746

90,580
69,480
76.7
67,027
2,406
64,621
2,453
3.5
21,099

97,685
58,794
60.2
56,388
775
55,613
2,406
4.1
38,891

98,583
59,345
60.2
57,131
705
56,426
2,213
3.7
39,238

15,309
7,453
48.7
6,285
253
6,031
1,169
15.7
7,856

15,569
7,554
48.5
6,577
204
6,373
977
12.9
8,015

169,675
113,867
67.1
109,177
3,254
105,923
4,690
4.1
55,808

171,141
114,380
66.8
110,343
3,122
107,221
4,037
3.5
56,761

76,167
58,983
77.4
56,772
2,248
54,524
2,212
3.7
17,184

76,816
59,185
77.0
57,390
2,244
55,146
1,795
3.0
17,631

81,373
48,526
59.6
46,902
756
46,147
1,624
3.3
32.847

81,954
48,801
59.5
47,300
677
46,623
1,501
3.1
33,153

12,134
6,357
52.4
5,503
250
5,252
854
13.4
5,777

12,371
6,394
51.7
5,653
201
5,452
741
11.6
5,977

23,923
15,265
63.8
13,801
114
13,687
1,463
9.6
8,658

24,289
15,776
64.9
14,429
120
14,308
1,347
8.5
8,514

9,525
6,796
71.3
6,221
105
6,116
575
8.5
2,729

9,691
7,050
72.7
6,527
107
6,420
523
7.4
2,641

11,983
7,631
63.7
6,997
7
6,990
635
8.3
4,351

12,164
7,814
64.2
7,196
11
7,186
618
7.9
4,350

2,416
838
34.7
583
2
581
254
30.4
1,578

2,435
912
37.4
705
3
702
207
22.7
1,523

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in tlie liousehold survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
April 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
futl-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total. 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

18,498
12,635
5,863

8,972
5,444
3,528

48.5
43.1
60.2

8,233
4,832
3,401

1,604
474
1,131

6,628
4,358
2,270

739
612
127

150
91
59

589
521
68

8.2
11.2
3.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

10,192
8,306
6,959
1,347

4,139
4,833
3,640
1,192

40.6
58.2
52.3
88.5

3,600
4,632
3,473
1,160

219
1,386
677
709

3,381
3,247
2,796
451

539
200
168
33

75
75
59
16

464
125
108
17

13.0
4.1
4.6
2.7

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,082
6,354
2,728

4,214
2,639
1,574

46.4
41.5
57.7

3,817
2,314
1,503

746
227
519

3,071
2,088
984

396
325
72

78
54
24

319
271
48

9.4
12.3
4.5

5,361
3,722
3,163
559

2,123
2,090
1,578
512

39.6
56.2
49.9
91.7

1,829
1,989
1,494
495

132
614
302
312

1,697
1,374
1,192
182

295
102
84
18

47
31
23
8

248
71
61
10

13.9
4.9
5.3
3.5

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,415
6,281
3,135

4,758
2,805
1,954

50.5
44.7
62.3

4,415
2,517
1,898

859
247
611

3,557
2,270
1,287

343
287
56

73
37
35

270
250
20

7.2
10.2
2.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,831
4,584
3,796
788

2,016
2,743
2,063
680

41.7
59.8
54.3
86.3

1,772
2,644
1,979
665

87
771
375
396

1,684
1,873
1,604
269

244
99
84
15

29
44
37
7

216
55
47
7

12.1
3.6
4.1
2.2

14.652
10,050
4,602

7,586
4,636
2,950

51.8
46.1
64.1

7,034
4,174
2,860

1,345
380
965

5,689
3,794
1,895

552
462
90

100
64
37

451
398
53

7.3
10.0
3.0

Men
Women

7,290
7,363

3,652
3,933

50.1
53.4

3,342
3,692

657
688

2,684
3,004

310
241

55
45

255
196

8.5
6.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

8,073
6,579
5,465
1,114

3,550
4.035
3,039
996

44.0
61.3
55.6
89.4

3,146
3,888
2,918
971

168
1,178
576
602

2,978
2,710
2,342
369

404
147
122
26

57
44
34
10

347
104
88
16

11.4
3.6
4.0
2.6

2,679
1,912
767

946
617
329

35.3
32.2
42.9

785
486
299

195
88
107

590
399
191

161
130
30

41
22
19

120
109
12

17.0
21.2
9.2

Women

1,242
1,436

357
589

28.7
41.0

295
489

57
138

238
352

61
100

14
26

47
73

17.1
16.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,615
1,064
913
151

464
482
355
126

28.7
45.3
38.9
83.8

345
440
317
123

48
147
72
75

297
293
245
48

119
42
39
3

17
24
21
3

102
18
17
1

25.6
8.7
10.9
2.7

2,104
1,550
554

860
522
338

40.9
33.7
61.0

735
409
326

186
47
139

550
362
188

124
113
11

25
19
7

99
94
5

14.5
21.7
3.3

Men
Women

1,035
1,069

403
456

39.0
42.7

333
402

92
94

242
308

70
54

17
9

53
46

17.3
11.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,381
723
495
228

419
441
250
191

30.3
61.1
50.5
83.9

320
415
232
183

30
156
54
101

290
260
178
82

98
26
18
8

18
7
5
3

80
19
13
6

23.5
5.9
7.1
4.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years




(Numbers in thousands)
April 1998
Civilian laljor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic ongin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
14,610
2,933
11,677

12,012
2.110
9.902

82.2
71.9
84.8

10,827
1,745
9,082

9,095
1,297
7,798

1,732
448
1,284

1.185
365
821

1,077
327
750

109
38
71

9.9
17.3
8.3

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,617
6,396
3.301
1.295

2,433
5,368
2,980
1,232

67.3
83.9
90.3
95.1

1,953
4,906
2.778
1.190

1,579
4,021
2,408
1,086

374
885
370
104

480
461
202
42

428
425
182
41

52
36
20
1

19.7
8.6
6.8
3.4

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,578
1,569
6,009

6,735
1,217
5,519

88.9
77.5
91.8

6,087
1,006
5,081

5,338
788
4,550

749
218
531

649
210
438

608
193
415

41
18
23

9.6
17.3
7.9

2.043
3.358
1.661
516

1,591
3,081
1,568
494

77.9
91.7
94.4
95.7

1,343
2,805
1,462
476

1,161
2,456
1,283
438

182
348
179
39

248
276
106
18

230
264
96
18

19
12
10

15.6
9.0
6.8
3.6

7.032
1.364
5.668

5,277
893
4,384

75.0
65.5
77.3

4,740
739
4,001

3,757
508
3,248

983
230
753

537
154
383

469
134
335

68
20
48

10.2
17.3
8.7

1,575
3,038
1,641
779

841
2.287
1,411
738

53.4
75.3
86.0
94.7

610
2,102
1,316
713

418
1.565
1,125
649

191
537
191
65

232
185
96
24

199
161
86
23

33
24
10
1

27.5
8.1
6.8
3.3

11,819
2,321
9,498

9,919
1,759
8,161

83.9
75.8
85.9

9,098
1,479
7.619

7.682
1,122
6,560

1.416
357
1.059

821
279
541

748
255
493

72
24
48

8.3
15.9
6.6

Women

6,212
5,607

5,655
4,264

91.0
76.0

5.202
3,896

4,596
3,087

607
810

453
368

420
328

33
40

8.0
8.6

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

2,831
5,158
2.677
1,152

1,983
4,396
2,432
1,107

70.0
85.2
90.9
96.1

1,646
4.077
2,307
1,068

1,343
3,383
1,986
969

303
693
321
99

337
319
125
39

304
294
112
37

33
25
13
1

17.0
7.3
5.2
3.5

2,290
523
1,767

1,706
295
1,411

74.5
56.5
79.8

1,380
219
1,161

1,123
134
989

257
85
172

326
76
250

291
64
227

35
12
23

19.1
25.9
17.7

Women

1.114
1.176

870
836

78.1
71.1

695
685

578
545

117
140

176
150

168
123

8
27

20.2
18.0

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

700
1,024
489
77

398
795
440
72

56.9
77.7
90.0
93.9

265
674
369
72

204
511
340
68

61
162
29
4

133
122
71

116
111
65

17
11
7

33.4
15.3
16.2

2,754
637
2,117

2,122
419
1,703

77.1
65.7
80.5

1,895
338
1,557

1,623
268
1,355

271
69
202

228
81
146

205
72
133

23
9
13

10.7
19.4
8.6

Women

1,568
1,186

1,414
708

90.2
59.7

1.268
627

1,132
492

136
135

146
82

135
69

10
12

10.3
11.5

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,310
924
446
74

891
775
383
73

68.0
83.8
85.8
(M

756
710
359
70

648
611
312
52

108
99
47
17

135
65
24
4

123
57
22
4

12
8
3

15.2
8.3
6.3
(M

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

White
Total. 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total. 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

-

-

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

•

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin

Black

White

Women

Men

Total
Educational attainment

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

171,623
115,395
67.2
111,676
65.1
3,719
3.2

81,028
61,906
76.4
59,527
73.5
2,378
3.8

81,843
62,387
76.2
60,444
73.9
1,943
3.1

88,924
52,549
59.1
50,661
57.0
1,887
3.6

89,780
53,007
59.0
51,232
57.1
1,775
3.3

143,595
96,632
67.3
93,514
65.1
3,118
3.2

144,670
96,876
67.0
94,211
65.1
2,665
2.8

19,014
12,632
66.4
11,748
61.8
884
7.0

19,321
13,124
67.9
12,264
63.5
860
6.6

15,442
10,575
68.5
9,952
64.4
623
5.9

16,057
11,197
69.7
10,629
66.2
567
5.1

30,086
12,733
42.3
11,672
38.8
1,061
8.3

29,638
12,857
43.4
11,938
40.3
920
7.2

14,348
7,997
55.7
7,378
51.4
618
7.7

14,162
7,960
56.2
7,473
52.8
487
6.1

15,737
4,737
30.1
4,294
27.3
443
9.3

15,477
4,898
31.6
4,465
28.8
433
8.8

24,119
10,275
42.6
9,524
39.5
751
7.3

23,709
10,265
43.3
9,649
40.7
617
6.0

4,657
1,843
39.6
1,602
34.4
241
13.1

4,634
1,970
42.5
1,718
37.1
252
12.8

7,106
4,083
57.5
3,758
52.9
325
8.0

7,096
4,204
59.2
3,912
55.1
293
7.0

57,239
37,706
65.9
36,116
63.1
1,590
4.2

57,484
37,374
65.0
35,921
62.5
1,453
3.9

25,985
19,886
76.5
19,013
73.2
873
4.4

26,016
19,801
76.1
19,011
73.1
790
4.0

31,254
17,820
57.0
17,103
54.7
717
4.0

31,468
17,573
55.8
16,910
53.7
662
3.8

48,644
31,748
65.3
30,570
62.8
1,178
3.7

48,970
31,386
64.1
30,340
62.0
1,046
3.3

6,743
4,662
69.1
4,326
64.2
336
7.2

6,626
4,673
70.5
4,325
65.3
348
7.4

3,987
2,954
74.1
2,799
70.2
155
5.3

4,241
3,102
73.1
2,929
69.1
173
5.6

41,528
30,890
74.4
29,853
71.9
1,037
3.4

42,303
31,177
73.7
30,331
71.7
846
2.7

19,173
15,682
81.8
15,118
78.8
564
3.6

19,674
15,891
80.8
15,466
78.6
425
2.7

22,355
15,208
68.0
14,735
65.9
473
3.1

22,629
15,286
67.6
14,865
65.7
421
2.8

35,088
25,827
73.6
25,087
71.5
741
2.9

35,612
25,959
72.9
25,374
71.3
585
2.3

4,945
3,934
79.5
3,703
74.9
231
5.9

5,078
3,982
78.4
3,768
74.2
214
5.4

2,776
2,235
80.5
2,133
76.8
102
4.6

2,904
2,351
81.0
2,277
78.4
75
3.2

29,011
20,994
72.4
20,225
69.7
769
3.7

29,720
21,206
71.4
20,573
69.2
633
3.0

13,859
11,127
80.3
10,698
77.2
429
3.9

14,124
11,060
78.3
10,731
76.0
329
3.0

15,152
9,867
65.1
9,527
62.9
340
3.4

15,596
10,146
65.1
9,842
63.1
304
3.0

24,382
17,392
71.3
16,856
69.1
536
3.1

24,837
17,447
70.2
17,016
68.5
431
2.5

3,659
2,884
78.8
2,700
73.8
184
6.4

3,791
2,935
77.4
2,761
72.8
174
5.9

1,991
1,602
80.4
1,527
76.7
74
4.6

2,140
1,695
79.2
1,641
76.7
54
3.2

12,518
9,896
79.1
9,628
76.9
268
2.7

12,583
9,972
79.2
9,759
77.6
213
2.1

5,314
4,555
85.7
4,420
83.2
135
3.0

5,550
4,831
87.0
4,736
85.3
95
2.0

7,203
5,341
74.1
5,208
72.3
133
2.5

7,033
5,141
73.1
5,023
71.4
117
2.3

10,706
8,435
78.8
8,231
76.9
204
2.4

10,775
8,512
79.0
8,358
77.6
154
1.8

1,287
1,050
81.6
1,002
77.9
47
4.5

1,287
1,047
81.3
1,007
78.3
40
3.8

785
633
80.7
606
77.2
27
4.3

764
656
85.9
635
83.2
20
3.1

41,099
33,125
80.6
32,547
79.2
578
1.7

42,197
33,986
80.5
33,485
79.4
501
1.5

21,521
18,340
85.2
18,018
83.7
323
1.8

21,991
18,735
85.2
18,494
84.1
242
1.3

19,577
14,784
75.5
14,529
74.2
255
1.7

20,206
15,251
75.5
14,992
74.2
259
1.7

35,744
28,781
80.5
28,333
79.3
448
1.6

36,379
29,266
80.4
28,849
79.3
417
1.4

2,669
2,193
82.2
2,117
79.3
76
3.4

2,984
2,499
83.7
2,452
82.2
46
1.9

1,573
1,302
82.8
1,261
80.2
41
3.1

1,816
1,539
84.7
1,512
83.2
27
1.8

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 169,952
114,454
Civilian labor force
67.3
Percent of population
110,189
Employed
64.8
Employment-population ratio
4,265
Unemployed
3.7
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree^
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

^ Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1998,
data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.

(In thousands)
April 1998
Unemployed

Employed""
Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

Atwork2

Age, sex, and race

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Part time
Part time for
for
economic
noneconomic
reasons
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Total

35
hours
or
more

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

106,899
1,771
165
1,605
105,129
8,928
96,200
83,947
12,253

93,079
1,490
135
1,355
91,588
7,879
83,709
73,369
10,340

9,772
224
27
197
9,548
828
8,720
7,414
1,306

4,048
56
3
53
3,992
221
3,771
3,164
607

23,836
4,806
2,378
2,428
19,030
3,554
15,476
11,171
4,305

2,520
203
30
173
2,317
517
1,800
1,549
251

19,527
4,333
2,199
2,133
15,195
2,853
12,342
8,687
3,655

1,789
271
149
122
1,518
184
1,334
935
399

4,484
418
119
299
4,066
809
3,257
2,972
285

1,159
559
379
180
600
139
461
330
131

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

62,454
1,015
61,439
5,069
56,370
49,056
7,315

55,773
854
54,919
4,508
50,411
44,081
6,330

4,937
120
4,817
458
4,359
3,653
706

1,745
41
1,704
102
1,601
1,322
279

7,893
2,305
5,588
1,515
4,074
2,231
1,842

1,055
97
958
255
703
601
102

6,335
2,067
4,268
1,193
3,076
1,488
1,588

503
141
362
67
295
142
153

2,486
247
2,239
439
1,800
1,601
199

503
289
214
71
143
92
52

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

44,445
756
43,689
3,860
39,830
34,892
4,938

37,306
636
36,669
3,371
33,299
29,288
4,010

4,835
104
4,731
370
4,361
3,761
600

2,304
15
2,289
119
2,170
1,842
328

15,943
2,501
13,442
2,040
11,402
8,940
2,463

1,464
105
1,359
262
1,097
948
149

13,192
2,266
10,926
1,660
9,266
7,199
2,067

1,286
130
1,156
117
1,039
793
246

1,999
172
1,827
370
1,457
1,372
86

656
270
386
68
318
239
79

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

53,529
883
52,646
4,370
48,276
41,799
6,477

47,826
751
47,076
3,890
43,185
37,572
5,614

4,239
104
4,135
399
3,736
3,113
623

1,464
29
1,434
80
1,354
1,115
240

6,770
2,026
4,744
1,265
3,479
1,813
1,666

829
75
754
208
546
465
81

5,485
1,828
3,657
996
2,661
1,219
1,442

456
123
333
62
271
128
143

1,815
190
1,625
285
1,339
1,182
157

401
230
170
58
113
68
44

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

36,186
619
35,567
3,156
32,412
28,185
4,227

30,277
521
29,756
2,785
26,971
23,545
3,426

4,029
83
3,946
289
3,657
3,140
517

1,880
15
1,865
82
1,784
1,500
284

13,858
2,125
11,733
1,689
10,044
7,821
2,223

1,104
73
1,031
198
832
716
116

11,636
1,938
9,699
1,399
8,300
6,405
1,895

1,118
115
1,004
92
912
700
212

1,310
129
1,182
245
937
879
58

511
192
319
43
276
204
72

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,116
103
6,012
532
5,480
4,914
566

5,399
79
5,320
464
4,856
4,378
478

518
15
503
51
452
388
64

198
9
189
17
172
148
24

728
213
515
141
374
270
104

149
21
128
36
93
88
5

552
182
370
101
269
172
96

27
10
17
5
12
10
2

533
47
486
134
352
320
31

83
46
37
10
27
20
8

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,161
118
6,043
565
5,479
4,942
537

5,210
100
5,110
471
4,639
4,205
434

610
18
592
64
528
460
68

341

1,423
270
1,153
222
931
749
182

282
27
255
46
209
183
26

1,039
231
809
164
644
515
130

102
12
89
11
78
51
27

598
39
560
111
448
431
17

133
75
58
25
33
30
3

Total

TOTAL

White

Black

^ Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




-

341
30
312
277
34

2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

Occupation

Women

Men

Total
16 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

128,629 130,735

69,105

70,348

65,957

67,027

59,525

60,387

56,388

57,131

37,565
18,272
630
13,201
4,441
19,293
2,112
1,490
531
997
2,900
898
4,895
842
4,627

38,631
18,741
646
13,439
4,656
19,890
2,001
1,624
494
1,021
2,991
960
5,135
925
4,740

19,076
10,192
327
8,023
1,842
8,884
1,890
1,002
377
751
376
510
1,184
604
2,189

19,542
10,320
373
7,984
1,963
9,222
1,767
1,142
336
767
491
585
1,257
665
2,213

18,984
10,153
327
7,989
1,837
8,831
1,889
991
377
751
374
502
1,174
604
2,169

19,455
10,272
373
7,943
1,956
9,184
1,767
1,142
336
767
491
578
1,245
665
2,194

18,489
8,080
303
5,179
2,598
10,409
222
488
154
247
2,524
388
3,710
238
2,438

19,089
8,421
273
5,455
2,693
10,668
234
482
157
254
2,501
375
3,879
260
2,527

18,367
8,040
303
5,141
2,596
10,327
221
488
154
247
2,520
377
3,674
238
2,409

18,938
8,353
270
5,406
2,678
10,584
234
482
157
254
2,501
375
3,842
256
2,483

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supen/isors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business sen^ices
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales wori<ers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supen/isors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

37,998
4,125
1,695
1,198
1,233
15,638
4,653
2,554
1,452
6,884
96
18,234
675
399
3,593
2,170
1,021
10,377

38,431
4,300
1,749
1,307
1,245
15,664
4,760
2,577
1,503
6,719
106
18,466
675
361
3,660
2,181
953
10,636

13,692
2,009
348
932
729
7,830
2,871
1,448
1,128
2,361
22
3,853
277
158
73
172
619
2,553

13,686
2,022
326
971
725
7,780
2,871
1,396
1,128
2,359
26
3,884
266
164
100
137
569
2,647

12,983
1,968
348
905
714
7,347
2,852
1,428
1,119
1,926
21
3,669
278
152
70
171
610
2,388

12,905
1,974
311
945
718
7,244
2,862
1,370
1,128
1,859
24
3,687
261
161
97
129
562
2,477

24,306
2,117
1,347
266
503
7,808
1,781
1,106
323
4,523
74
14,381
398
241
3,520
1,997
401
7,824

24,745
2,278
1,423
335
520
7,884
1,889
1,181
375
4,360
80
14,583
409
197
3,560
2,044
384
7,989

22,596
2,078
1,325
253
499
6,749
1,755
1,080
315
3,524
74
13,770
397
228
3,418
1,963
389
7,374

22,971
2,256
1,422
325
508
6,717
1,855
1,135
369
3,278
79
13,998
405
197
3,446
2,015
376
7,560

Sen/ice occupations
Private household
Protective sen/ice
Sen^ice, except private household and protective
Food sen^ice
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal sen^ice

17,319
766
2,212
14,341
5,881
2,348
3,122
2,991

17,460
818
2,332
14,310
5,951
2,373
3,132
2,854

6,954
21
1,817
5,116
2,524
273
1,766
552

7,101
50
1,930
5,120
2,571
287
1,768
494

6,015
16
1,785
4,214
1,839
261
1,645
468

6,134
43
1,912
4,179
1,821
264
1,657
436

10,365
745
394
9,226
3,357
2,074
1,356
2,439

10,359
767
402
9,190
3,380
2,085
1,363
2,361

9,289
669
380
8,240
2,648
2,010
1,296
2,286

9,307
700
372
8,235
2,704
2,005
1,319
2,207

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,087
4,572
5,434
4,082

14,556
4,866
5,599
4,090

12,820
4,391
5,290
3,139

13,425
4,692
5,526
3,207

12,571
4,310
5,170
3,091

13,115
4,566
5,383
3,166

1,267
180
144
943

1,131
174
74
883

1,239
176
136
927

1,113
170
68
875

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,183
7,944
5,421
4,059
1,362
4,817
790
4,027

18,253
7,764
5,447
4,082
1,366
5,042
786
4,256

13,737
4,988
4,877
3,581
1,296
3,872
741
3,131

13,781
4,787
4,869
3,569
1,300
4,124
745
3,380

12,799
4,844
4,786
3,516
1,270
3,169
699
2,469

12,786
4,633
4,760
3,482
1,278
3,393
699
2,693

4,445
2,956
544
478
67
945
49
896

4,472
2,976
578
513
65
918
42
876

4,276
2,888
528
463
65
859
46
813

4,250
2,881
556
492
64
814
41
773

3,478
1,305
2,174

3,404
1,163
2,241

2,825
1,007
1,818

2,813
901
1,912

2,605
986
1,619

2,633
895
1,738

653
298
356

591
262
329

622
291
331

553
259
294

Apr.
1997
Total
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

Apr.
1998

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Women

Men

Total
Occupation and race

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

128,629
100.0

130,735
100.0

69,105
100.0

70,348
100.0

59,525
100.0

60,387
100.0

29.2
14.2
15.0
29.5
3.2
12.2
14.2
13.5
.6
1.7
11.1
11.0
14.1
6.2
4.2
3.7
2.7

29.5
14.3
15.2
29.4
3.3
12.0
14.1
13.4
.6
1.8
10.9
11.1
14.0
5.9
4.2
3.9
2.6

27.6
14.7
12.9
19.8
2.9
11.3
5.6
10.1
(M
2.6
7.4
18.6
19.9
7.2
7.1
5.6
4.1

27.8
14.7
13.1
19.5
2.9
11.1
5.5
10.1
.1
2.7
7.3
19.1
19.6
6.8
6.9
5.9
4.0

31.1
13.6
17.5
40.8
3.6
13.1
24.2
17.4
1.3
.7
15.5
2.1
7.5
5.0
.9
1.6
1.1

31.6
13.9
17.7
41.0
3.8
13.1
24.1
17.2
1.3
.7
15.2
1.9
7.4
4.9
1.0
1.5
1.0

109,177
100.0

110,343
100.0

59,579
100.0

60,299
100.0

49,598
100.0

50,044
100.0

30.4
15.0
15.3
29.6
3.2
12.5
13.9
12.4
.6
1.6
10.2
11.4
13.3
5.7
4.1
3.6
3.0

30.6
15.2
15.5
29.4
3.3
12.3
13.8
12.4
.6
1.6
10.1
11.6
13.1
5.5
4.0
3.7
2.9

28.6
15.6
13.1
19.8
2.9
11.9
5.1
9.1
(M
2.4
6.7
19.1
18.9
6.9
6.7
5.3
4.4

28.8
15.5
13.3
19.5
2.8
11.5
5.2
9.3
,1
2.6
6.6
19.8
18.3
6.4
6.5
5.5
4.3

32.4
14.4
18.1
41.3
3.6
13.3
24.4
16.3
1.2
.5
14.5
2.0
6.7
4.3
.9
1.5
1.3

32.9
14.7
18.2
41.3
3.8
13.3
24.2
16.1
1.3
.5
14.3
1.8
6.8
4.4
1.0
1.5
1.1

13,801
100.0

14,429
100.0

6,482
100.0

6,844
100.0

7,320
100.0

7,585
100.0

19.0
8.4
10.6
29.4
2.9
9.0
17.4
21.4
.9
3.0
17.5
8.7
20.5
9.3
6.0
5.2
1.1

20.5
8.8
11.7
29.2
2.9
9.4
16.9
20.2
.7
3.0
16.6
8.3
20.6
8.4
6.4
5.8
1.0

15.8
8.2
7.6
18.4
2.7
6.2
9.5
17.4

17.0
8.2
8.8
17.6
2.4
7.5
7.7
15.6

-

-

4.8
12.6
15.9
30.5
10.4
11.3
8.8
2.1

4.1
11.6
15.5
32.2
9.4
12.4
10.4
2.0

21.9
8.6
13.3
39.1
3.2
11.5
24.4
24.9
1.6
1.5
21.8
2.3
11.6
8.3
1.3
2.0
.2

23.7
9.4
14.3
39.8
3.4
11.2
25.2
24.3
1.2
2.0
21.1
1.9
10.2
7.5
1.1
1.6
.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective sen/ice
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Sen/ice occupations
Private household
Protective sen^ice
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen^ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
^ Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(In thousands)
April 1998
Managerial and
professional
specialty

Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Precision
producTotal
Executive,
tion,
TechniAdminisemadminiscraft,
cians
trative Private Other
Profesployed
trative,
and
and
Sales support, housesional
service^ repair
and
including hold
specialty related
manasupport
clerical
gerial

3,315
593
8,539
20,370
12,349
8,021

93
116
1,308
2,963
1,773
1,191

98
50
146
1,893
1,260
633

9,326
27,046
4,912
22,134

1,314
2,551
576
1,975

563
558
117
441

8,569
47,209
954
46,255
31,691
5,769

2,432
6,756
4
6,752
4,122
1,208

318
15,325
7
15,318
13,408
939

21
6
40
724
262
462

123
29
426
2,007
1,142
865

324
266
262 11286
44 1,941
218 9,345

2,297
2,162
786
1,376

-

2,092
1,208

2,930
7,147
7
7,140
5,175
1,346

-

59
16
44
601
431
170

181
2,553
2
2,551
2,160
259

-

1,208
210
19

^ Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Sen/ice
occupations

-

-

818
818
—

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Handlers,
Transporequipment
tation
cleaners,
and
helpers,
material
and
moving
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

18
11
21
294
163
131

34
204
4,908
4,052
2,878
1,174

45
46
84
6,197
3,517
2,680

50
102
632
697
407
290

13
13
903
882
456
426

2,759

304
5,089
61
5,028

1,250
1,554
339
1,215

146
358
139
219

2,285
1,025
456
568

574
2,100
389
1,711

4
102
66
36

337
8,876
68
8,808
5,397
1,693

191
2,178
4
2,175
501
185

13
845

19
601
5
596
331
37

11
521

46
382
40
342
66
25

-

845
223
31

-

521
98
26

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

-

28
59
59
-

(In thousands)
April 1998
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,003
174
79
95
317
586
425
276
159
66

1,281
24
21
4
31
160
286
321
247
212

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,566
133
66
68
247
475
330
208
114
59

978
20
17
3
21
122
231
246
173
164

437
41
13
28
70
111
95
68
45
7

304
4
3
1
10
37
55
75
75
48

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

31
6
5
1
1
7
7
4
-

6
19
4
3
1
1
5
7
-

3
11
2
2
-

3
-

4
-

3

Other
private
industries

Govemment

Selfemployed
wori<ers

Unpaid
family
wori<ers

118,217
6,299
2,406
3,893
11,893
29,243
32,663
24,353
11,014
2,753

99,742
6,031
2,343
3,688
10,817
25,575
27,261
19,041
8,728
2,289

952
90
60
30
86
163
228
196
94
95

98,790
5,941
2,283
3,658
10,731
25,412
27,033
18,845
8,634
2,193

18,475
268
64
204
1,076
3,668
5,402
5,312
2,286
464

9,087
61
27
35
232
1,551
2,774
2,393
1,416
660

117
13
6
7
9
20
28
22
15
10

62,147
3,120
1,190
1,930
6,196
15,706
17,353
12,544
5,740
1,488

53,995
3,033
1,167
1,867
5,717
14,051
15,003
10,250
4,683
1,256

101
15
7
8
8
20
13
19
11
15

53,894
3,019
1,159
1,859
5,709
14,031
14,990
10,231
4,672
1,242

8,153
86
23
63
479
1,655
2,350
2,295
1,057
231

5,604
33
20
14
113
935
1,646
1,470
947
460

34
10
6
4
6
4
5

56,070
3,179
1,216
1,963
5,697
13,536
15,310
11,809
5,274
1,265

45,747
2,998
1,176
1,821
5,100
11,524
12,258
8,791
4,045
1,032

852
76
53
23
78
143
215
177
82
81

44,896
2,922
1,123
1,799
5,022
11,381
12,043
8,614
3,963
952

10,323
182
40
142
598
2,013
3,052
3,017
1,229
233

3,483
28
7
21
119
617
1,128
923
469
200

83
2

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Private
household
workers

procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

2
7

_

2
3
16
23
22
13
3

April 1998
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
Industries

124,898

3,203

121,694

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

30,943
1,468
5,130
15,254
9,091

940
63
210
454
213

30,004
1,405
4,921
14,800
8,878

24.8
1.2
4.1
12.2
7.3

29.3
2.0
6.5
14.2
6.7

24.7
1.2
4.0
12.2
7.3

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

93,955
8,580
45,655
39,719
14,426
14,184
11,109

2,264
137
737
1,390
288
366
736

91,691
8,443
44,918
38,329
14,138
13,818
10,373

75.2
6.9
36.6
31.8
11.6
11.4
8.9

70.7
4.3
23.0
43.4
9.0
11.4
23.0

75.3
6.9
36.9
31.5
11.6
11.4
8.5

39.4
43.5

42.5
49.3

39.3
43.3

-

-

-

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

Agriculture

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in ail and nonagricultural Industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
fuU- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1998
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for worthing less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack wori< or business conditions
Could only find part-time wori<
Seasonal wori<
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacatton or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Total

Usually
wori<
full time

Usually
wori<
part time

Total

Usually
wori<
full time

Usually
wori<
part time

30,943

9,772

21,171

30,004

9,516

20,488

3,649
2,099
1,256
124
171

1,286
1,044

2,363
1,055
1,256
52

3,496
2,010
1,232
89
165

1,213
1,006

2,284
1,005
1,232
47

27,294
775
5,591
701
6,887
1,956
4,000
583
405
6,396

8,486
92
722

8,304
92
718

4,000
583
405
2,592

3,804

26,508
755
5,446
663
6,691
1,826
3,938
570
351
6,267

3,938
570
351
2,550

3,717

23.2
21.0

24.7
24.9

22.4
19.3

23.2
21.1

24.7
24.9

22.4
19.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




-

71
171

-

92
-

-

18,808
682
4,869
701
6,795
1,956
-

-

42
165

_

85
-

-

18,204
663
4,728
663
6,606
1,826
-

_

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers In thousands)
April 1998
Woriced 1 to 34 hours
Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
wori<

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

121,694

30,004

Wage and salary workers

113,077

Wori<ed
35 hours
or more

Total
. at
wort<

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
wori<
full
time

Usually
wori<
part
time

3,496

8,304

18,204

91,691

39.3

43.3

27,168

3,091

7,723

16,354

85,910

39.3

43.1

555

45

11

26

8

510

47.3

47.7

6,800

1,186

285

559

342

5,615

40.6

42.1

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,411
11,763
7,648

2,495
1,372
1,123

321
141
180

1,494
929
564

680
301
379

16,916
10,391
6,525

42.2
42.6
41.7

43.1
43.2
42.9

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,473
24,439
7,723

1,348
8,268
1,402

188
995
72

576
1,107
566

584
6,166
763

7,125
16,171
6,321

42.6
36.9
40.4

44.5
43.6
42.8

Sen^lce Industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

40,145
886
39,259
5,532

11,638
518
11,120
787

1,183
92
1,091
35

2,883
34
2,849
514

7,572
392
7,180
238

28,507
368
28,139
4,744

37.8
30.3
38.0
41.6

42.7
44.7
42.7
42.6

Self-employed woricers
Unpaid family workers

8,500
117

2,774
62

393
13

573
8

1,808
41

5,726
55

39.3
37.5

46.3
(M

Mining
Construction

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning In January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used In the household sun^ey.

April 1998
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

121,694
6,052
2,293
3,759
115,642
11,747
103,895
88,996
14,899

30,004
4,487
2,125
2,363
25,517
4,006
21,511
16,778
4,733

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

65,593
2,984
1,136
1,848
62,609
6,158
56,451
48,226
8,225

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Age, sex, race, and marital status

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,496
246
39
206
3,250
625
2,625
2,272
353

8,304
153
13
139
8,151
658
7,493
6,402
1,092

18,204
4,089
2,072
2,017
14,115
2,723
11,392
8,104
3,288

91,691
1,565
168
1,397
90,126
7,742
82,384
72,218
10,167

39.3
23.8
17.7
27.5
40.1
35.6
40.6
41.2
37.2

43.3
39.5
38.9
39.6
43.4
41.4
43.6
43.7
42.9

11,457
2,096
1,026
1,070
9,361
1,793
7,569
5,466
2,103

1,692
124
27
97
1,568
330
1,238
1,076
162

3,983
84
8
76
3,900
338
3,562
3,003
558

5,782
1,888
991
897
3,893
1,125
2,769
1,386
1,382

54,135
888
110
778
53,247
4,365
48,883
42,760
6,122

42.3
25.2
19.0
29.0
43.1
37.4
43.7
44.4
39.7

44.9
40.1
39.4
40.2
44.9
42.4
45.2
45.3
44.3

56,102
3,068
1,157
1,911
53,034
5,589
47,444
40,770
6,674

18,546
2,391
1,098
1,293
16,155
2,213
13,942
11,312
2,630

1,804
122
12
110
1,682
295
1,387
1,196
191

4,320
69
6
63
4,251
319
3,932
3,399
533

12,422
2,201
1,080
1,120
10,222
1,598
8,624
6,718
1,906

37,555
677
59
618
36,879
3,377
33,502
29,458
4,044

35.9
22.5
16.5
26.1
36.7
33.6
37.0
37.5
34.1

41.2
38.7
(M
38.8
41.2
40.2
41.3
41.4
40.9

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

102,405
56,029
46,376

25,700
9,767
15,932

2,736
1,355
1,381

7,036
3,422
3,614

15,927
4,989
10,937

76,705
46,261
30,444

39.4
42.4
35.7

43.5
45.1
41.3

Black, 16 years and over

13,640
6,509
7,131

3,039
1,178
1,861

582
251
332

943
411
532

1,514
516
998

10,601
5,331
5,269

38.9
40.9
37.0

41.8
43.2
40.4

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

39,859
8,227
17,507

5,026
1,278
5,154

674
224
795

2,556
561
866

1,796
493
3,493

34,833
6,949
12,353

44.1
43.0
37.6

45.5
44.8
43.2

Women, 16 years and oven
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

30,202
11,203
14,696

9,837
3,056
5,654

746
456
602

2,381
1,060
879

6,710
1,541
4,172

20,366
8,147
9,042

36.0
38.1
34.1

41.0
41.5
41.2

TOTAL

Race

Women
Marital status

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
April 1998
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over^
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Sen/ice occupations
Private household
Protective sen/ice
Sen^lce, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over^
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Sen^ice occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over^
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective sen/ice
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
^ Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000




For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
wori<

Total

121,608

29,994

36,372
18,021
18,351
36,858
4,107
15,111
17,640
16,687
765
2,224
13,698
14,102
17,589
7,570
5,172
4,847

For
economic
reasons

Wori<ed
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
wori<
part
time

3,490

8,292

18,212

91,613

39.3

43.3

6,890
2,658
4,232
10,484
972
4,599
4,913
6,682
469
339
5,874
1,988
3,950
1,325
1,007
1,618

475
164
311
948
88
498
362
889
80
25
783
419
759
294
165
300

2,667
1,232
1,435
2,425
308
717
1,400
879
29
146
703
965
1,356
640
348
369

3,748
1,262
2,487
7,112
576
3,384
3,152
4,914
360
167
4,387
603
1,835
391
494
950

29,482
15,363
14,119
26,374
3,135
10,512
12,727
10,005
296
1,885
7,824
12,114
13,638
6,245
4,165
3,229

42.0
43.9
40.1
37.6
38.8
38.7
36.4
34.8
29.2
43.5
33.7
41.8
39.7
40.1
43.1
35.6

44.9
46.0
43.8
42.4
42.0
45.1
40.4
42.5
44.0
45.7
41.7
43.0
42.6
41.4
46.0
40.6

65,359

11,358

1,682

3,963

5,713

54,001

42.3

44.9

18,835
10,029
8,806
13,269
1,955
7,551
3,764
6,870
50
1,843
4,976
13,033
13,352
4,710
4,667
3,974

2,403
1,024
1,379
2,483
336
1,406
741
2,037
30
245
1,762
1,766
2,668
649
796
1,223

216
76
140
291
45
166
81
268
12
20
236
385
522
143
147
231

1,143
580
562
651
105
299
247
337
126
211
895
936
340
302
295

1,044
368
677
1,540
185
941
414
1,432
18
99
1,315
486
1,210
167
347
697

16,432
9,005
7,427
10,786
1,619
6,145
3,022
4,832
20
1,598
3,215
11,267
10,684
4,061
3,871
2,751

45.2
46.6
43.7
42.0
41.0
43.5
39.6
38.3
(2)
44.5
36.0
42.0
40.8
41.4
44.0
36.4

47.0
47.8
46.1
45.4
43.7
47.2
42.5
44.0
(2)
46.1
43.0
43.1
43.4
42.4
46.3
40.9

56,248

18,636

1,808

4,329

12,499

37,612

35.9

41.1

17,536
7,991
9,545
23,589
2,153
7,560
13,876
9,817
714
381
8,721
1,069
4,237
2,859
505
873

4,487
1,633
2,854
8,001
637
3,193
4,172
4,644
438
94
4,112
222
1,282
675
211
395

259
88
171
657
43
332
281
621
68
5
548
34
237
151
18
69

1,524
651
873
1,773
203
417
1,153
542
29
21
493
70
420
300
46
74

2,704
894
1,810
5,571
390
2,443
2,738
3,482
342
69
3,071
117
625
224
148
253

13,049
6,358
6,691
15,588
1,516
4,367
9,704
5,173
276
287
4,610
847
2,955
2,184
293
477

38.5
40.6
36.8
35.1
36.8
34.0
35.5
32.3
29.0
38.5
32.3
39.0
36.3
37.8
34.6
32.1

42.3
43.4
41.3
40.4
40.2
42.1
39.7
41.1
43.8
43.6
40.7
41.7
39.7
39.6
41.7
38.8

-

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used In the household sun/ey.

Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,650
1,195
573
1,882

2,988
984
443
1,561

5.0
2.7
6.3
9.4

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,694
1,000
418
1,277

2,215
772
342
1,102

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

730
134
120
477

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Apr.
1998

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

4.1
2.2
4.8
7.7

2,901
957
635
1,308

2,655
866
607
1,183

4.6
2.9
5.0
8.0

4.2
2.6
4.9
7.1

4.3
2.6
5.5
7.8

3.5
2.0
4.4
6.7

1,995
763
426
806

1,822
701
425
695

3.9
2.6
4.3
6.6

3.5
2.4
4.3
5.6

616
136
85
395

10.1
4.1
9.8
17.5

8.3
4.1
6.8
13.7

733
129
177
427

731
116
160
455

9.1
5.1
8.1
12.8

8.8
4.4
7.5
12.9

2,378
1,143
540
695

1,943
927
416
600

3.8
2.7
6.1
6.5

3.1
2.2
4.6
5.5

1,887
854
602
431

1,775
769
564
442

3.6
2.7
4.9
5.2

3.3
2.4
4.7
5.2

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,803
959
388
455

1,452
722
322
408

3.4
2.6
5.4
5.4

2.7
1.9
4.3
4.8

1,316
688
400
228

1,213
621
386
205

3.0
2.4
4.1
4.0

2.8
2.2
4.0
3.5

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

420
123
117
180

379
129
78
172

7.0
3.9
9.7
11.0

6.1
4.0
6.4
9.7

464
114
174
176

481
103
157
221

7.0
4.7
8.2
8.4

7.0
4.1
7.4
9.8

NOTE:

Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Apr.
1997

Thousands of
persons

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

procedures and revised population controls usedin the household survey.

A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Men

Women

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

6,551

5,643

4.8

4.1

5.0

4.1

4.6

4.2

660
322
338

620
290
330

1.7
1.7
1.7

1.6
1.5
1.6

1.9
1.6
2.1

1.6
1.5
1.6

1.6
1.9
1.4

1.6
1.6
1.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,612
100
795
717

1,407
84
682
641

4.1
2.4
4.8
3.8

3.5
1.9
4.2
3.4

3.8
2.2
3.8
4.7

3.1
1.8
3.3
3.2

4.2
2.5
5.9
3.5

3.8
2.0
5.0
3.4

Service occupations
•.
Private household
Protective sen/lce
Sen/ice, except private household and protective

1,242
49
110
1,084

1,131
54
87
990

6.7
6.0
4.7
7.0

6.1
6.2
3.6
6.5

7.4
(2)
4.9
8.2

6.4
(2)
3.2
7.5

6.2
5.3
3.8
6.4

5.9
6.1
5.4
5.9

741
157
448
136

580
149
298
133

5.0
3.3
7.6
3.2

3.8
3.0
5.1
3.1

5.0
3.3
7.6
2.8

3.8
2.9
5.0
2.9

4.5
2.6
6.8
4.5

4.7
4.6
10.6
4.2

1,493
522
299
671
188
483

1,219
477
283
459
116
343

7.6
6.2
5.2
12.2
19.2
10.7

6.3
5.8
4.9
8.3
12.9
7.5

7.1
5.0
5.0
12.1
19.4
10.2

6.0
4.8
5.1
8.4
12.7
7.4

9.0
8.0
7.5
12.7
(2)
12.6

7.0
7.3
3.9
7.9
(2)
7.5

231

193

Total, 16 years and over"'
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
^ Includes a smalt number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2 Data not shown where base Is less than 75,000




540
349
101
89

479
323
68
87

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

6.2

Apr.
1997

5.4

Apr.
1998

6.0

Apr.
1997

4.4

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

_

Apr.
1998

9.7

7.0

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Apr.
1997

Women

Men

Total

Total

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1998

6,551

5,643

4.8

4.1

5.0

4.1

4.6

4.2

5,212

4,516

5.1

4.3

5.2

4.3

4.9

4.4

Mining
Construction

14
683

14
492

2.4
9.7

2.4
7.0

2.3
10.1

2.7
7.4

2.5
5.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Fumiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

945
468
60
50
35
23
36
73
34
95
65
30
23
39

812
439
54
40
18
32
44
84
69
55
30
25
9
36

4.5
3.7
7.0
7.3
5.8
3.1
2.6
2.8
1.8
4.0
4.8
2.9
2.8
5.4

3.9
3.5
6.4
6.0
3.1
4.5
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.3
2.2
2.3
1.1
5.6

3.9
3.5
6.6
8.0
7.6
2.7
2.1
2.8
1.7
3.7
4.4
2.9
2.5
1.8

3.4
3.3
5.8
5.8
3.3
3.4
3.1
2.8
4.0
2.1
1.4
3.0
1.1
4.3

5.6
4.2
8.6
5.7
.2
4.8
4.4
2.8
2.0
4.7
5.9
2.8
3.3
10.4

5.0
4.2
8.5
6.5
2.4
12.8
3.4
4.9
2.7
2.8
4.6
.3
1.1
7.6

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

477
155
32
90
32
75
33
40
20

372
126
36
51
21
53
49
26
11

5.6
9.0
4.8
9.1
4.8
4.3
2.4
4.5
5.2

4.5
7.4
6.2
5.8
2.9
3.0
3.8
2.8
2.9

4.7
7.0
4.3
7.5
4.9
4.9
1.4
3.6
5.4

3.7
5.9
4.9
5.6
3.1
1.8
3.7
2.8
1.2

7.1
12.8
5.5
9.8
4.2
3.3
4.3
6.8
4.7

5.8
10.5
7.5
6.0
2.3
4.5
4.2
2.8
6.7

229
149
80
1,631
137
1,494
219
1,491
548
942

252
196
56
1,378
177
1,200
157
1,412
569
843

3.1
3.3
2.8
6.2
2.9
6.9
3.0
4.5
2.8
7.1

3.3
4.2
1.9
5.2
3.7
5.5
2.0
4.2
2.8
6.2

3.0
3.4
2.2
5.8
2.4
6.9
2.9
5.1
2.8
7.1

3.2
4.3
1.2
5.0
3.7
5.3
1.6
4.2
2.0
6.2

3.4
2.9
4.0
6.6
4.1
6.9
3.0
4.1
2.8
7.0

3.7
4.0
3.3
5.4
3.6
5.7
2.2
4.1
3.1
6.3

177
622
540

151
498
479

8.3
2.1

7.0
1.7

8.3
2.3

6.0
1.6

8.1
1.9

10.5
1.8

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Sen^ice industries
Professional sen^ices
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




—

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1997

—

—

—

—

-

3.0

—

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers In thousands)

Reason

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Total,
16 years
and over

Both sexes.
16 to 19
years

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

6,551
3,050
988
2,062
1,453
609
723
2,239
540

5,643
2,647
723
1,923
1,381
542
579
1,939
479

2,976
1,829
653
1,176
788
388
349
727
72

2,453
1,528
404
1,124
821
303
264
618
43

2,406
1,077
273
804
609
195
298
911
119

2,213
969
268
701
507
194
277
855
113

1,169
144
62
83
56
26
75
600
349

46.6
15.1
31.5
11.0
34.2
8.2

46.9
12.8
34.1
10.3
34.4
8.5

61.5
21.9
39.5
11.7
24.4
2.4

62.3
16.5
45.8
10.8
25.2
1.8

44.8
11.4
33.4
12.4
37.9
4.9

43.8
12.1
31.7
12.5
38.6
5.1

2.3
.5
1.7
.4

1.9
.4
1.4
.4

2.7
.5
1.1
.1

2.2
.4
.9
.1

1.8
.5
1.5
.2

1.6
.5
1.4
.2

Apr.
1998

Black

White

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1998

977
150
52
98
53
45
38
466
323

4,690
2,299
848
1,451
1,036
415
565
1,501
325

4,037 1,463 1,347
617
558
1,975
96
596
110
507
463
1,380
1,017
342
298
164
363
165
460
126
91
1,283
572
565
319
148
133

12.3
5.3
7.1
6.4
51.4
29.9

15.3
5.3
10.0
3.9
47.7
33.1

49.0
18.1
30.9
12.0
32.0
6.9

48.9
14.8
34.2
11.4
31.8
7.9

42.2
7.5
34.6
8.6
39.1
10.1

41.5
7.1
34.3
6.8
41.9
9.8

1.9
1.0
8.1
4.7

2.0
.5
6.2
4.3

2.0
.5
1.3
.3

1.7
.4
1.1
.3

4.0
.8
3.7
1.0

3.5
.6
3.6
.8

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

April 1998
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Thousands
of persons

Percent

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,643
2,647
723
1,923
1,381
542
579
1,939
479

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.9
41.3
60.7
34.0
33.0
36.7
47.9
36.9
34.3

30.7
31.0
20.1
35.1
35.9
33.2
26.6
31.3
31.5

29.4
27.7
19.2
30.9
31.2
30.1
25.5
31.7
34.2

13.4
13.1
11.4
13.8
14.3
12.7
12.3
13.7
14.3

16.1
14.5
7.8
17.0
16.9
17.4
13.3
18.0
20.0

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,453
1,528
404
1,124
821
303
264
618
43

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

35.8
37.5
54.8
31.3
30.6
33.2
40.5
31.5

29.4
30.6
22.3
33.6
33.9
32.6
24.2
28.8
C)

34.8
31.9
23.0
35.1
35.4
34.2
35.3
39.7
0 )

15.4
15.7
14.8
16.0
15.8
16.4
17.9
13.5
(M

19.5
16.2
8.2
19.1
19.6
17.8
17.4
26.2
C)

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,213
969
268
701
507
194
277
855
113

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.6
43.8
65.2
35.6
33.1
42.2
50.7
38.3
25.1

31.2
32.6
19.2
37.7
40.3
30.9
30.0
30.3
29.2

27.2
23.6
15.6
26.7
26.6
27.0
19.3
31.4
45.7

12.0
10.1
6.8
11.4
12.4
9.0
8.2
14.4
19.9

15.2
13.5
8.9
15.2
14.2
18.0
11.1
17.0
25.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

977
150
52
98
53
45
38
466
323

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

46.3
63.6
(M
53.1

32.9
25.4
C)
34.6

20.8
11.0
0 )
12.3

11.3
6.8

9.5
4.1
C)
6.3

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

O
(M
41.6
41.4

36.6
32.7

Total

O
0 )
21.8
25.9

15 to 26
weeks

6.0
O
(

)

(M
12.9
12.0

27 weeks
and over

O
(M
8.9
13.9

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-33c Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons
Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

6,551
2,131
1,981
1,205
776
2,439
1,293
1,147
591
555

5,643
2,250
1,734
1,067
667
1,660
754
906
458
448

100.0
32.5
30.2
18.4
11.8
37.2
19.7
17.5
9.0
8.5

16.7
10.2

15.6
8.1

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Percent distribution

-

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

100.0
39.9
30.7
18.9
11.8
29.4
13.4
16.1
8.1
7.9

5,175
1,466
1,594
955
640
2,114
1,099
1,015
508
507

4,484
1,628
1,408
846
562
1,449
658
791
418
373

100.0
28.3
30.8
18.5
12.4
40.9
21.2
19.6
9.8
9.8

100.0
36.3
31.4
18.9
12.5
32.3
14.7
17.6
9.3
8.3

18.3
11.5

16.6
9.1

-

-

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

April 1998
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,643
977
948
1,284
1,225
794
312
104

2,250
453
372
492
500
284
96
53

1,734
321
290
406
342
242
113
19

1,660
203
286
386
383
268
103
32

754
110
167
193
138
95
44
7

906
93
119
193
245
172
59
25

15.6
11.4
14.0
15.2
16.9
18.3
21.2
19.2

8.1
5.8
8.1
8.8
8.3
9.2
10.6
4.4

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,988
535
510
653
579
460
184
67

1,116
239
187
229
243
136
48
34

916
194
147
208
135
151
62
18

957
102
176
216
201
173
74
16

434
57
90
106
79
62
37
3

522
45
86
110
122
111
36
13

16.6
10.9
16.1
16.0
17.5
20.8
22.9
(M

8.8
6.2
8.7
10.0
8.2
11.4
12.1
(M

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,655
442
438
631
646
334
128
36

1,134
214
185
263
257
148
48
19

818
127
143
198
207
91
51
1

703
101
110
170
182
95
29
16

319
53
77
87
59
33
7
4

384
48
33
83
123
62
23
12

14.4
12.1
11.6
14.4
16.4
14.9
18.7

7.3
5.2
7.0
7.8
8.5
6.1
7.8
(M

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,037
2,215
1,822

1,747
884
862

1,212
684
528

1,078
647
431

526
299
227

552
348
204

13.9
15.1
12.5

7.2
8.2
5.6

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,347
616
731

409
176
233

449
197
252

489
243
246

192
114
78

297
129
168

19.8
20.7
19.1

10.2
10.3
10.1

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

984
443
1,561

334
179
603

310
116
489

340
148
469

149
55
231

191
93
238

17.9
18.5
15.2

9.7
10.0
8.1

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

866
607
1,183

387
245
502

256
191
371

223
170
310

106
63
150

116
107
160

13.3
16.9
14.0

6.5
7.8
7.3

Rsco

Marital status

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflects new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

April 1998
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

Total

Weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

Average
(mean)
duration

27 weeks
and over

15 to 26
weeks

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Sen^ice occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

620
1,407
1,131
580
1,219
193

248
553
468
257
483
68

181
482
342
152
385
38

191
372
321
171
350
86

82
164
133
74
179
54

109
208
189
97
171
32

16.3
15.0
15.5
15.8
14.4
17.1

8.7
8.1
7.6
6.9
8.1
11.5

151
500
821
439
381
798
4,189
489
2,994
252

56
195
335
197
138
106
578
62
621
30

21
161
282
158
124
78
411
60
491
19

74
144
204
85
119
82
391
40
470
34

42
78
101
44
57
35
172
18
200
7

32
66
103
42
62
46
219
22
270
28

18.5
14.7
12.9
10.8
15.3
15.8
15.1
14.5
16.7
20.9

13.1
8.2
7.7
6.7
9.3
7.9
7.6
8.2
8.3
11.7

479

164

151

164

68

96

18.5

9.0

INDUSTRY^
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience

^ Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not In the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Category
Apr.
1997

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now""
Wantajob!
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for woric in previous year^
Not available to work now
Available to wori< now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects^
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
Ill health or disability
Other^

Apr.
1998

16 to 24
years
Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

55 years
and over

25 to 54
years
Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Women

Men

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

67,494 68,352 11,996 12,124 18,691 18,909 36,807 37,320 24,719 25,167 42,775 43,185
62,658 63,451 10,129 10,082 16,461 16,792 36,069 36,578 22,649 23,056 40,009 40,395
742 2,070 2,111 2,766 2,790
738
4,836 4,901 1,867 2,042 2,230 2,116
570 1,038 1,178 1,555 1,601
531
915 1,001 1,148 1,208
2,593 2,779
933 1,210 1,190
172 1,032
208
908
953 1,042 1,082
2,242 2,122
499
431
332
345
25
304
18
516
291
844
453
762
690
588
780
700
148
604
190
526
791
499
1,480 1,278
379
1,101
170
227
153
551

344
934
159
232
92
452

1 Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
2 Persons who had a job In the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3 Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.




Sex

Age

Total

103
396
32
176
21
168

112
414
43
219
6
145

211
580
124
51
108
297

183
421
101
13
72
236

48
100
15

65
125
15
-

-

24
86

14
71

206
494
23
104
71
297

198
390
32
133
27
198

173
606
147
123
82
254

146
544
127
99
65
254

^ Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic

Number

Men
Rate^

Women

Number

Number

Rate^

Ratei

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

7,874
283
7,591
819
6,772
6,074
698
596
101

7,930
288
7,642
790
6,851
6,035
816
699
117

6.1
4.5
6.2
6.7
6.1
6.5
4.4
4.9
2.7

6.1
4.4
6.2
6.3
6.1
6.3
4.9
5.4
3.1

4,123
110
4,013
401
3,613
3,236
377
316
61

4,204
126
4,078
358
3,720
3,274
446
375
71

6.0
3.5
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.4
4.2
4.7
2.7

6.0
3.8
6.1
5.4
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.4
3.3

3,751
173
3,577
418
3,159
2,838
321
281
40

3,726
162
3,563
432
3,131
2,761
370
324
45

6.3
5.5
6.3
7.3
6.2
6.5
4.6
5.1
2.6

6.2
5.0
6.2
7.3
6.1
6.3
5.0
5.5
3.0

6,889
714
509

6,873
749
539

6.3
5.2
4.1

6.2
5.2
4.1

3,607
368
301

3,616
412
322

6.1
5.7
4.0

6.0
6.0
4.0

3,282
346
207

3,257
337
218

6.6
4.7
4.3

6.5
4.4
4.2

4,392
1,441
2,041

4,466
1,392
2,072

5.9
7.0
6.2

5.9
6.7
6.1

2,616
512
995

2,700
538
966

6.2
6.0
5.5

6.3
6.1
5.2

1,776
929
1,046

1,765
854
1,107

5.4
7.8
7.0

5.3
7.2
7.1

4,445
1,826
221
1,351

4,523
1,610
266
1,480

_

_

-

-

-

1,892
1,091
85
641

_

-

1,814
1,267
59
590

_

-

-

2,631
519
181
839

_

-

2,631
559
162
762

_

-

AGE
Total, 16 years and over^
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARrTAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1 Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons In specified
group.
2 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




-

-

—

—

-

-

—

—

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

Apr.
1997

Apr.
1998

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,814
6,374
1,094
2,787
2,493
1,440

7,812
6,034
806
2,324
2,904
1,778

6,729
5,795
982
2,584
2,230
934

6,560
5,399
700
2,106
2,593
1,161

6,504
5,611
930
2,509
2,172
892

6,393
5,256
683
2,059
2,514
1,137

226
184
52
74
58
42

168
143
18
46
79
25

3.4
3.2
5.3
2.9
2.6
4.5

2.6
2.7
2.5
2.2
3.1
2.1

19,193
8,852
6,068
4,273

20,182
9,162
6,648
4,372

17,414
8,166
5,497
3,751

18,312
8,470
6,068
3,774

16,775
7,843
5,333
3,599

17,760
8,238
5,877
3,644

640
323
165
152

552
232
190
130

3.7
4.0
3.0
4.0

3.0
2.7
3.1
3.4

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5,1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served In the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1998, data
reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls




used in the household survey. Population and labor force levels for
nonveterans from August 1995 to February 1998 are slightly overstated
because they Incorporate incorrect weighting procedures. Corrections will be
made as soon as the necessary microdata files become available.

Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construc- Manufacturing
tion

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Servbes
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1947
1948
1949

43,857
44,866
43,754

38,382
39,216
37,897

18,509
18,774
17,565

955
994
930

2,009
2,198
2,194

15,545
15,582
14,441

25,348
26,092
26,189

4,166
4,189
4,001

2,478
2,612
2,610

6,477
6,659
6,654

1,728
1,800
1,828

5,025
5,181
5,239

1,892
1,883
1,908

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48.990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53.270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45.836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,584
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
8,080
8,371
8,860
8,904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,648
11,797
12,278
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,898
2,884
2,683
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,684
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,148
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72.544
74,811
77.284
80.084
82.630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,684
20,748
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
28,907

2,888
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,810
3,840
3,840
3,882
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,078
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

109.403
108,249
108.601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,523
122,259

91,098
89.847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,076
102,605

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,431
24,739

709
689
635
610
601
581
574
574

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,400
5,629

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,457
18,537

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,092
97,520

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,261
6,425

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,483
6,657

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,625
22,136

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,899
7,053

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,377
35,595

3,085
2,968
2,989
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,700

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,578
4,635
4,624
4,848

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,088
12,307

12,236

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1997:
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November ..
December..
1998:
January
February ....
MarchP
AprilP

6,622

121,671
121,834
122.056
122,440
122,492
122,792
123,083
123,512
123,866

102,092
102,269
102,417
102,721
102,688
103,078
103,334
103,749
104,096

24,667
24,702
24,714
24,713
24,765
24,771
24,814
24,888
24,995

573
576
574
574
573
576
574
572
574

5,599
5,628
5,622
5,625
5,637
5,642
5,650
5,682
5,747

18,495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18,553
18,590
18,634
18,674

97,004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97,727
98,021
98,269
98,824
98,871

6,421
6,431
6,434
6,443
6,289
6,473
6,497
6,495
6,478

6,630
6,634
6,664
6,675
6,687
6,712
6,729
6,746

22,029
22,026
22,079
22,159
22,189
22,215
22,258
22,403
22,450

7,019
7,029
7,034
7,058
7,068
7,082
7,108
7,132
7,151

35,334
35,451
35,522
35,684
35,702
35,850
35,945
36.102
36,276

2,708
2,703
2,694
2.689
2.690
2,680
2,687
2,694
2,689

4.635
4.636
4,640
4,671
4,684
4.662
4.663
4.673
4,665

12,305
12,359
12,450
12,372
12,399
12,396
12,416

124,265
124,524
124,500
124,762

104,484
104,712
104,686
104,929

25,139
25,174
25,079
25,100

574
573
570
566

5,843
5,878
5,793
5,828

18.722
18.723
18,716
18,706

99,126
99,350
99,421
99,662

6,516
6,544
6,559
6,557

6,780
6,791
6,805
6,816

22,462
22,479
22,453
22,497

7,170
7,190
7,218
7,248

36,417
36,534
36,572
36.711

2,674
2,676
2.671
2.672

4.664
4,663
4.674
4,676

12,443
12,473
12,469
12,485

1 Not available.
2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P « preliminary.




12,226

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduoed, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1993) are
subject to revision.

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Construction

Mining

Total private 1
Year and
month

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.81
12.26

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.26
424.20

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.61
16.14

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.13
732.76

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.46
16.00

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
602.94
622.40

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
February
MarchP
AprilP

34.4
34.5
34.9
34.7
35.0
34.7
34.6
34.8
34.7

$12.17
12.17
12.17
12.15
12.21
12.39
12.43
12.51
12.51

$418.65
419.87
424.73
421.61
427.35
429.93
430.08
435.35
434.10

45.1
45.8
45.8
45.2
45.6
45.6
45.4
45.7
45.3

$16.05
15.98
16.11
16.03
15.94
16.23
16.19
16.38
16.49

$723.86
731.88
737.84
724.56
726.86
740.09
735.03
748.57
747.00

38.7
39.7
39.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
39.7
37.8
38.4

$15.75
15.83
15.88
16.00
16.09
16.27
16.30
16.25
16.34

$609.53
628.45
627.26
641.60
638.77
650.80
647.11
614.25
627.46

34.2
34.6
34.5
34.3

12.59
12.63
12.66
12.68

430.58
437.00
436.77
434.92

45.0
43.9
43.3
43.4

16.61
16.85
17.06
17.10

747.45
739.72
738.70
742.14

37.4
37.9
37.8
37.9

16.22
16.18
16.27
16.34

606.63
613.22
615.01
619.29

See footnotes at end of table.




Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtinne

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.78
13.17

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.46

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.65
553.14

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.44
14.89

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
571.82
591.13

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.43

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
515.71

Monthly data, not seasonally ad usted
1997:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
February
MarchP
AprilP

41.8
41.9
42.0
41.2
42.0
42.4
42.2
42.6
43.0

$13.09
13.09
13.10
13.11
13.15
13.24
13.29
13.37
13.48

$12.40
12.40
12.41
12.43
12.42
12.47
12.54
12.61
12.69

$547.16
548.47
550.20
540.13
552.30
561.38
560.84
569.56
579.64

39.2
39.3
39.8
39.4
40.5
40.2
39.8
40.3
39.8

$14.77
14.72
14.78
14.95
15.00
15.01
15.04
15.14
15.12

$578.98
578.50
588.24
589.03
607.50
603.40
598.59
610.14
601.78

38.3
38.5
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.4

$13.33
13.32
13.36
13.37
13.47
13.52
13.56
13.74
13.71

$510.54
512.82
517.03
512.07
518.60
519.17
520.70
531.74
526.46

41.9
41.7
41.7
40.8

13.41
13.42
13.48
13.51

12.70
12.73
12.77
12.88

561.88
559.61
562.12
551.21

39.2
39.8
39.3
39.3

15.22
15.23
15.16
15.24

596.62
606.15
595.79
598.93

38.1
38.5
38.4
38.3

13.76
13.84
13.85
13.91

524.26
532.84
531.84
532.75

See footnotes at end of table.




Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
197 2
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.79
13.31

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.16
480.49

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
April
fy/lav
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
February
f^archP
AprilP

28.6
28.8
29.4
29.6
29.7
29.0
28.8
28.8
29.2

$8.28
8.27
8.27
8.27
8.29
8.45
8.47
8.51
8.51

$236.81
238.18
243.14
244.79
246.21
245.05
243.94
245.09
248.49

35.9
35.9
36.6
35.8
36.1
35.8
35.9
36.7
35.9

$13.09
13.18
13.23
13.18
13.35
13.45
13.53
13.69
13.61

$469.93
473.16
484.22
471.84
481.94
481.51
485.73
502.42
488.60

32.4
32.4
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.5
32.6
32.8
32.6

$12.20
12.17
12.15
12.07
12.12
12.36
12.42
12.58
12.61

$395.28
394.31
398.52
395.90
398.75
401.70
404.89
412.62
411.09

28.1
28.7
28.7
28.8

8.63
8.62
8.66
8.69

242.50
247.39
248.54
250.27

36.1
37.1
36.9
36.5

13.67
13.92
13.96
13.95

493.49
516.43
515.12
509.18

32.4
32.8
32.7
32.6

12.67
12.75
12.77
12.74

410.51
418.20
417.58
415.32

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services,
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are
subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1997

1998

Industry
Apr.
Total
Total private

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

121,671 121,834 122,056 122,440 122,492 122,792 123,083 123,512 123,866 124,265 124,524 124,500 124,762
102,092 102,269 102,417 102,721 102.688 103,078 103,334 103,749 104,096 104,484 104,712 104,686 104,929
24,667

24,702

24,714

24,713

24,765

24,771

24,814

24,888

24,995

25,139

25,174

25,079

25,100

573
54
93
319
107

576
54
93
321
108

574
54
92
320
108

574
54
91
321
108

573
54
91
321
107

576
54
91
323
108

574
53
91
323
107

572
54
90
322
106

574
53
90
323
108

574
52
90
324
108

573
52
90
324
107

570
52
90
321
107

566
52
89
318
107

5,599
1,297
767
3,535

5,628
1,300
777
3,551

5,622
1,302
766
3,554

5,625
1,308
761
3,556

5.637
1,306
764
3,567

5,642
1,305
762
3,575

5,650
1,311
758
3,581

5,682
1,327
759
3,596

5,747
1,343
774
3,630

5,843
1,363
782
3,698

5,878
1,369
792
3,717

5,793
1,365
769
3,659

5,828
1,370
785
3,673

18,495

18,498

18,518

18,514

18,555

18,553

18,590

18,634

18,674

18,722

18,723

18,716

18,706

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10,856
799
506
541
710
1,468
2,142
375

10,864
800
508
540
708
1,468
2,146
378

10,891
797
508
538
709
1,470
2,152
379

10,910
796
510
541
708
1,468
2,155
381

10,957
798
506
541
711
1,475
2,165
385

10,952
798
508
541
713
1,477
2,168
384

10,985
800
509
543
716
1,482
2,176
386

11,020
800
511
542
716
1,485
2,184
384

11,048
806
513
543
717
1,489
2,188
387

11,093
808
516
550
719
1,496
2,194
387

11,101
808
519
550
720
1,497
2,195
387

11,097
809
521
547
720
1,494
2,194
385

11,100
810
524
550
718
1,495
2,192
383

1,643

1,644

1,651

1,658

1,661

1,663

1,666

1,673

1,678

1,685

1,686

1,686

1,683

618
1,804
957
495
855
388

622
1,809
960
498
854
387

628
1,824
967
505
856
386

632
1,826
965
510
859
389

637
1,855
985
514
858
387

639
1,840
973
515
858
386

644
1,849
977
518
859
385

647
1,868
995
521
860
381

651
1,868
988
526
861
385

655
1,874
992
527
864
387

654
1,880
993
530
860
386

654
1,878
991
528
862
386

650
1,880
993
529
861
387

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products

7,639
1,699
41
609
822
677
1,541
1,029
140
988
93

7,634
1,693
41
609
818
677
1,546
1,030
139
988
93

7,627
1,692
41
607
816
675
1,550
1,027
138
989
92

7,604
1,684
41
608
810
675
1,549
1,023
138
986
90

7,598
1,679
40
604
810
675
1,547
1,024
138
991
90

7,601
1,688
40
605
803
675
1,547
1,026
138
990
89

7,605
1,690
41
604
800
675
1,548
1,028
137
993
89

7,614
1,701
42
602
796
676
1,551
1,028
137
992
89

7,626
1,706
41
604
795
676
1,553
1,029
138
996
88

7,629
1,710
40
601
792
678
1,558
1,027
134
1,002
87

7,622
1,710
41
598
783
679
1,558
1,028
135
1,002
88

7,619
1,711
42
595
782
679
1,557
1,028
135
1,004
86

7,606
1,712
42
595
776
676
1,555
1,027
135
1,003
85

97,004

97,132

97,342

97,727

97,727

98,021

98,269

98,624

98,871

99,126

99,350

99,421

99,662

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....

6,421
4,179
225

6,431
4,187
226

6,434
4,193
230

6,443
4,202
229

6,289
4,049
225

6,473
4,232
227

6,497
4,247
226

6,495
4,243
229

6,478
4,221
230

6,516
4,247
233

6,544
4,270
232

6,559
4,277
231

6,557
4,273
230

460
1,676
177
1,192
14
435
2,242
1,369
873

458
1,687
176
1,192
14
434
2,244
1,372
872

457
1,686
178
1,192
14
436
2,241
1,372
869

461
1,692
176
1,193
14
437
2,241
1,372
869

464
1,703
179
1,025
14
439
2,240
1,376
864

457
1,708
176
1,211
14
439
2,241
1,376
865

458
1,710
178
1,221
14
440
2,250
1,385
865

459
1,702
177
1.???
14
440
2,252
1,390
862

462
1,699
175
1,201
14
440
2,257
1,396
861

463
1,713
172
1,210
14
442
2,269
1,406
863

466
1,721
177
1,216
14
444
2,274
1,411
863

468
1,723
179
1,218
14
444
2,282
1,418
864

461
1,737
177
1,211
14
443
2,284
1,425
859

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,622
3,900
2,722

6,630
3,909
2,721

6,634
3,917
2,717

6,664
3,938
2,726

6,675
3,957
2,718

6,687
3,962
2,725

6,712
3,978
2,734

6,729
3,993
2,736

6,746
4,006
2,740

6,780
4,024
2,756

6,791
4,041
2,750

6,805
4,052
2,753

6,816
4,059
2,757

Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building . ,
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing

Service-producing




B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted-continued
(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,029
931
2,799
2,446
3,480

22,026
932
2.787
2,452
3,482

22,079
928
2,798
2,450
3,487

22,159
930
2,803
2,458
3,502

22,189
929
2,822
2,470
3,505

22,215
926
2,818
2,469
3,507

22,258
926
2,824
2,474
3,520

22,403
934
2,868
2,522
3,521

22,450
934
2,874
2,520
3,522

22,462
945
2,866
2,531
3,533

22,479
948
2,862
2,506
3,539

22,453
952
2,876
2,521
3,541

22,497
949
2,884
2,532
3,540

2,319
1,055
1,105
1,026
7,571
2,798

2.316
1,054
1,099
1,032
7.572
2,806

2,315
1,056
1,097
1,034
7,595
2,825

2,318
1,055
1,096
1,042
7,639
2,829

2,325
1,057
1,102
1,044
7,618
2,844

2,331
1,057
1,102
1,049
7,626
2,856

2,336
1,060
1,108
1,055
7,626
2,863

2,338
1,062
1,111
1,062
7,669
2,900

2,338
1,061
1,106
1,070
7,688
2,918

2,339
1,061
1,111
1,073
7,694
2,901

2,339
1,062
1,102
1,076
7,711
2,902

2,341
1,062
1,095
1,081
7,663
2,904

2,347
1,064
1,094
1,080
7,696
2,907

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,019
3,381
2,041
1,486
253
539
243
583
218
2,221
1,502

7.029
3,389
2,043
1,488
253
542
244
586
218
2,222
1,503

7,034
3,394
2,044
1,487
254
543
243
586
221
2,226
1,506

7,058
3,405
2,048
1,490
253
545
243
592
220
2,230
1,509

7,068
3,414
2,048
1,491
252
549
245
595
222
2.232
1,510

7,082
3,427
2,048
1,491
251
554
249
600
225
2,232
1,511

7,108
3,444
2,052
1,495
250
559
252
605
228
2,239
1,516

7,132
3,457
2,058
1,500
250
558
252
610
231
2,247
1,521

7,151
3,472
2,064
1,502
253
561
253
614
233
2,257
1,529

7,170
3,479
2,061
1,500
252
563
252
619
236
2,257
1,527

7,190
3,490
2,063
1,501
252
568
260
623
236
2,262
1,530

7,218
3,508
2,066
1,502
252
578
266
628
236
2,266
1,535

7,248
3,520
2,069
1,503
253
583
270
631
237
2,272
1,541

719
1,417

719
1,418

720
1,414

721
1,423

722
1,422

721
1,423

723
1,425

726
1,428

728
1,422

730
1,434

732
1,438

731
1,444

731
1,456

35,334
Services^
664
Agricultrual services
1,756
Hotels and other lodging places
1,193
Personal services
7,594
Business services
902
Services to buildings
2,752
Personnel supply services
2,419
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
1,306
services
1,132
Auto repair, services, and parking
382
Miscellaneous repair services
528
Motion pictures
1,503
Amusement and recreation services ....
9,644
Health services
1,728
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
1,760
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
3,857
Hospitals
684
Home health care services
951
Legal services
2,062
Educational services
2,458
Social services
581
Child day care services
694
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
87
gardens
2,199
Membership organizations
2,965
Engineering and management services
869
Engineering and architectural services
936
Management and public relations

35,451
669
1,752
1,189
7,618
903
2,744
2,409

35,522
668
1,744
1,182
7,645
903
2,748
2,407

35,684
673
1,747
1,182
7,682
901
2,767
2,425

35,702
675
1,747
1,185
7,657
894
2,732
2,395

35,850
680
1,756
1,187
7,732
902
2,762
2,423

35,945
684
1,765
1,188
7,759
902
2,770
2,427

36,102
687
1,763
1,197
7,832
903
2,819
2,484

36,276
682
1,759
1,185
7,918
908
2,868
2,520

36,417
687
1,772
1,187
7,970
912
2,872
2,515

36,534
684
1,765
1,192
8,029
914
2,923
2,572

36,572
680
1,767
1,193
8,031
920
2,900
2,551

36,711
690
1,768
1,195
8,091
924
2,931
2,581

1,322
1,136
384
532
1,542
9,673
1,740
1,764
3.864
682
952
2,062
2,466
587
695

1,337
1,131
386
537
1,561
9,673
1,740
1,761
3,869
682
953
2,074
2,474
590
698

1,347
1,137
387
539
1,576
9,697
1,745
1,762
3,877
685
957
2,089
2,494
594
702

1,360
1,139
388
550
1,563
9,712
1,745
1,765
3,884
685
957
2,094
2,497
600
703

1,375
1,145
388
549
1,568
9,731
1,754
1,764
3,892
684
962
2,105
2,502
597
707

1,387
1,148
388
550
1,563
9,750
1,763
1,766
3,900
682
963
2,110
2,507
594
709

1,401
1,153
389
551
1,583
9,771
1,773
1,767
3,910
683
968
2,118
2,511
594
711

1,421
1,157
390
561
1,600
9,795
1,780
1,769
3,917
681
975
2,121
2,521
598
716

1,435
1,163
392
559
1,606
9,801
1,786
1,766
3,927
673
975
2,132
2,529
605
717

1,451
1,159
393
569
1,615
9,815
1,789
1,769
3,930
670
979
2,141
2,535
604
720

1,469
1,159
392
562
1,618
9,822
1,795
1,767
3,934
665
982
2,149
2,545
607
724

1,489
1,162
393
561
1,625
9,836
1,800
1,765
3,948
659
983
2,157
2,556
609
728

88
2,201
2,971
869
941

88
2,202
2,988
877
950

88
2,209
3,010
878
959

88
2,206
3,027
881
968

88
2,202
3,038
886
969

88
2,204
3,061
891
976

89
2,199
3,074
893
979

89
2,209
3,096
901
993

88
2,214
3,125
907
1,009

90
2,216
3,134
909
1,013

90
2,218
3,147
912
1,012

91
2,220
3,166
918
1,015

19,579
2,708
1,856
4,635
1,938
2,697
12,236
6,858
5,378

19,565
2,703
1,851
4,636
1,943
2,693
12,226
6,850
5,376

19,639
2,694
1,843
4,640
1,950
2,690
12,305
6,902
5,403

19,719
2.689
1,839
4,671
1,972
2,699
12,359
6,954
5,405

19,804
2,690
1,830
4,664
1,961
2,703
12,450
7,030
5,420

19,714
2,680
1,824
4,662
1,962
2,700
12,372
6,957
5,415

19,749
2,687
1,832
4,663
1,962
2,701
12,399
6,963
5,436

19,763
2,694
1,826
4,673
1,967
2,706
12,396
6,964
5,432

19,770
2,689
1,818
4,665
1,964
2,701
12,416
6,965
5,451

19,781
2,674
1,825
4,664
1,960
2,704
12,443
6,985
5,458

19,812
2,676
1,820
4,663
1,960
2,703
12,473
7,006
5,467

19,814
2,671
1,816
4,674
1,968
2,706
12,469
7,003
5,466

19,833
2,672
1,813
4,676
1,970
2,706
12,485
7,009
5,476

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

^ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Feb.
Total
Total private

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

58,618 58,740 58,904 58,987 59,125 59,332 59,378 59,452 59,576 59,774 59,956 60,034 60,166
47,791 47,907 48,048 48,130 48,215 48,370 48,343 48,487 48,582 48,771 48,924 48,989 49,095
6,618

6,622

6,632

6,634

6,651

6,650

6,649

6,655

6,672

6,683

6,706

6,714

6,717

78

78

78

79

79

79

79

79

80

79

80

80

80

618

619

624

628

629

631

631

635

639

642

646

648

650

5,922

5,925

5,930

5,927

5,943

5,940

5,939

5,941

5,953

5,962

5,980

5,986

5,987

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
fVliscellaneous manufacturing

2,857
137
158
102
102
322
465
677
374
(1)
172

2.861
137
159
102
103
322
467
677
376
(1)
171

2,867
138
159
102
102
324
469
677
377
(1)
171

2,868
138
160
101
101
324
471
677
378
(1)
171

2,884
138
160
101
103
326
473
681
384
(1)
171

2,890
139
160
102
102
325
475
683
383
(1)
172

2,899
139
160
101
103
327
477
682
392
(1)
170

2,901
139
159
101
103
327
478
687
390
(1)
169

2,914
139
160
102
103
327
481
690
394
(1)
169

2,925
140
160
103
104
328
482
694
397
0)
167

2,937
140
161
102
104
330
484
697
399
(1)
169

2,949
141
163
104
104
333
485
698
399
(1)
170

2,958
142
164
104
105
333
487
700
401
(1)
170

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,065
557
13
286
617
164
691
326
25
336
50

3,064
558
13
286
614
164
690
327
25
336
51

3,063
558
12
285
611
164
694
327
25
337
50

3,059
557
13
285
605
164
696
327
25
337
50

3,059
558
12
285
603
164
700
327
24
337
49

3,050
554
13
285
603
163
699
325
25
335
48

3,040
551
12
282
599
163
698
325
24
338
48

3,040
553
13
283
593
164
699
326
24
338
47

3,039
555
13
282
590
165
699
326
24
338
47

3,037
559
13
280
583
165
700
326
24
340
47

3,043
559
13
281
585
165
701
327
25
341
46

3,037
562
13
278
579
165
702
325
24
343
46

3,029
561
13
277
573
165
701
327
24
342
46

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

52,000 52,118 52,272 52,353 52,474 52,682 52,729 52,797 52,904 53,091 53,250 53,320 53,449

Transportation and public utilities

1,931

1,936

1,941

1,944

1,943

1,940

1,893

1,944

1,946

1,946

1,939

1,945

1,949

Wholesale trade

2,036

2,043

2,045

2,049

2,050

2,054

2,056

2,053

2,061

2,061

2,065

2,078

2,076

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,523 11,562 11,603 11,609 11,633 11,679 11,687 11,700 11,719 11,799 11,827 11,824 11,819
4,400

4,406

4,418

4,429

4,437

4,445

4,454

4,462

4,475

4,486

4,499

4,512

4,520

Services

21,283 21,338 21,409 21,465 21,501 21,602 21,604 21,673 21,709 21,796 21,888 21,916 22,014

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,827 10,833 10,856 10,857 10,910 10,962 11,035 10,965 10,994 11,003 11,032 11,045 11,071
1,151 1,149 1,147 1,147 1,144 1,141 1,142 1,136 1,142 1,148 1,154 1,140 1,140
2,348 2,350 2,354 2,364 2,368 2,391 2,390 2,385 2,396 2,400 2,394 2,394 2,397
7.328 7,334 7,355 7,346 7,398 7,430 7,503 7,444 7,456 7,455 7,484 7,511 7,534

^ This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Total private

83,664 83,865 83,965 84,243 84,097 84,447 84,624 84,986 85,265 85,474 85,745 85,699 85,819

Goods-producing

17,542 17,592 17,573 17,577 17,610 17,618 17,643 17,712 17,797 17,927 17,965 17,859 17,867

Mining
Construction
IWanufacturing

432

437

435

435

434

436

435

432

436

437

437

440

436

4,336

4,365

4,347

4,350

4,361

4,364

4,357

4,398

4,448

4,546

4,582

4,482

4,509

12.774 12.790 12,791 12,792 12,815 12,818 12,851 12,882 12,913 12,944 12,946 12,937 12,922

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7.440
658
402
420
553
1,107
1,349
1,041
1,220
752
(2)
271

7.454
659
403
420
553
1,107
1,350
1,040
1,231
758
(2)
272

7,466
656
404
419
555
1,109
1,354
1,043
1,234
766
(2)
271

7,482
655
405
422
554
1,106
1,356
1,048
1,243
768
(2)
272

7,525
656
403
422
558
1,116
1,361
1,054
1,265
784
(2)
271

7,518
657
404
422
558
1,115
1,361
1,055
1,256
774
(2)
269

7,545
658
405
424
561
1,119
1,371
1,056
1,261
775
(2)
269

7,570
659
407
424
562
1,121
1,376
1,060
1,274
789
(2)
266

7,593
665
408
425
562
1,124
1,378
1,068
1,270
781
(2)
270

7,623
668
411
431
565
1,130
1,383
1,069
1,269
778
(2)
270

7,629
666
413
432
564
1,133
1,386
1,066
1,273
779
(2)
270

7,627
666
415
427
565
1,130
1,383
1,066
1,276
775
(2)
271

7,624
665
418
430
564
1,130
1,380
1,063
1,274
776
(2)
272

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,334
1,263
31
517
671
516
839
567
92
767
71

5,336
1,257
31
516
670
517
846
568
92
768
71

5,325
1,256
31
515
667
515
847
566
91
767
70

5,310
1,248
32
516
665
514
846
565
91
764
69

5,290
1,242
31
512
658
513
842
566
91
767
68

5,300
1,252
31
513
654
514
841
569
91
768
67

5,306
1,255
32
513
652
514
842
571
90
769
68

5,312
1,263
33
511
648
515
844
573
90
768
67

5,320
1,266
31
512
647
516
845
575
90
772
66

5,321
1,270
32
509
642
518
843
576
88
777
66

5,317
1,272
32
508
634
518
843
578
88
778
66

5,310
1,273
33
506
633
517
837
578
88
780
65

5,298
1,272
33
505
624
518
835
579
88
780
64

Service-producing

66,122 66,273 66,392 66,666 66,487 66,829 66,981 67,274 67,468 67,547 67,780 67,840 67,952

Transportation and public utilities

5,412

5,420

5,421

5,419

5,226

5,417

5,427

5,415

5,397

5,423

5,425

5,433

5,440

Wholesale trade

5,339

5,348

5,347

5,368

5,374

5,377

5,396

5,407

5,420

5,444

5,452

5,452

5,459

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

19,384 19,398 19,434 19,497 19,513 19,538 19,576 19,724 19,755 19,732 19,771 19,758 19,735
5,124

5.135

5,137

5,154

5,171

5,196

5,217

5,231

5,257

5,276

5,304

5,325

30,863 30,972 31,053 31,228 31,213 31,326 31,386 31,511 31,665 31,691 31,856 31,893 31,993

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,161

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.

(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industriesi
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

57.6
62.4
103.4
59.3
64.5

61.9
60.1
128.6
59.1
58.3

67.1
54.5
120.2
59.0
P55.2

64.5
55.6
109.8
61.1
P54.1

57.7
48.0
125.8
57.4

63.9
53.9
121.0
50.7

62.5
54.1
113.0
58.8

62.6
59.8
118.6
58.7

61.4
57.0
108.8
56.5

60.3
54.9
125.2
64.2

63.8
57.2
116.2
61.7

62.4
57.9
122.0
61.4

Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

65.3
65.4
125.2
64.6
66.4

69.5
62.5
127.2
62.2
P64.5

70.4
58.7
125.2
64.2
P56.7

68.7
53.2
122.4
65.6

67.1
54.6
124.2
59.7

67.0
52.4
126.2
58.7

69.1
57.9
125.2
59.1

69.7
59.6
117.6
65.0

65.7
59.7
125.6
65.3

65.6
59.0
120.8
67.3

67.0
57.0
129.4
68.4

66.2
56.3
130.0
69.9

Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

71.1
66.9
124.4
67.6
P69.5

69.8
61.4
127.0
66.6

69.8
58.1
127.0
64.5

70.9
56.6
127.0
64.6

70.1
58.1
125.2
64.3

69.8
58.1
122.4
66.7

69.7
56.7
130.6
67.0

69.4
59.8
127.2
68.3

69.4
60.3
125.2
70.2

67.4
59.1
129.0
72.9

67.7
61.5
128.4
73.0

66.2
63.3
134.8
P71.3

70.2
63.6
127.0
67.3

71.6
62.4
129.4
66.2

71.8
62.6
124.8
69.4

71.8
63.3
125.8
70.4

72.1
61.7
129.4
70.1

71.8
61.9
128.4
69.5

71.5
58.7
130.0
71.3

72.1
62.2
126.2
71.6

70.1
62.2
127.6
P72.2

69.5
61.1
133.4
P71.3

66.6
62.2
131.4

65.0
63.3
130.0

Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries^
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

55.8
54.3
91.4
54.0
60.8

59.0
56.1
108.6
50.4
50.0

60.4
44.2
95.6
52.9
P47.5

58.6
51.4
78.4
52.9
P47.1

52.9
42.1
104.4
51.4

58.6
42.8
104.4
49.3

59.4
43.5
88.4
51.8

56.1
52.2
105.8
49.6

52.9
47.1
88.4
54.3

55.0
50.0
101.4
57.6

58.6
47.5
99.2
59.4

58.3
50.7
104.4
57.2

Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

61.9
59.7
95.0
53.2
60.4

64.7
50.4
95.6
51.4
P56.5

65.5
47.5
84.2
50.7
P45.0

59.7
40.3
77.0
52.5

57.6
42.4
86.4
48.6

60.1
36.3
90.0
48.9

62.2
38.5
97.8
48.6

57.9
43.9
86.4
53.6

55.0
49.3
100.8
55.8

55.4
46.4
92.8
62.9

60.1
45.3
105.0
64.0

59.4
43.9
105.0
67.3

Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

62.2
55.8
82.8
53.2
P60.8

62.2
48.6
83.4
53.2

62.6
43.9
82.0
50.4

63.3
38.8
76.2
49.3

59.4
39.2
79.2
48.6

56.5
39.6
81.2
52.2

56.5
38.8
95.0
55.0

58.6
39.6
93.6
58.3

58.6
43.9
90.6
60.8

55.0
45.0
100.8
65.1

58.3
44.2
96.4
68.0

55.0
44.6
106.4
P63.7

57.9
46.0
79.2
51.4

58.6
44.2
85.6
47.8

60.8
46.0
78.4
52.2

60.8
47.8
79.2
55.0

60.8
41.0
84.8
57.6

63.3
41.7
80.6
55.8

59.4
38.5
87.0
57.2

60.1
38.8
80.6
58.3

57.2
36.3
87.0
P60.4

56.5
37.4
93.6
P60.1

50.4
38.1
92.8

49.6
39.9
94.2

Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

^ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from fy^arch 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1993) are subject to revision.

1998

1997

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.P

1

TotaP
1,864.2 1,864.9 1,869.9 1,869.5 1,869.5 1,870.7 1,871.0 1,871.9 1,876.0 1,877.2 1,878.4
270.2
273.1
273.3
268.1
268.3
269.5
269.0
268.8
269.2
268.9
270.2
1,968.7 1,975.3 1,972.4 1,983.3 1,994.0 2,000.5 2,011.8 2,021.9 2,031.5 2,037.9 2,045.4
1,101.6 1,100.3 1,103.4 1,106.8 1,106.1 1,107.2 1,110.6 1,111.6 1,110.5 1,113.1 1,116.8
13,118.1 13,150.0 13,203.2 13,224.5 13,277.7 13,318.5 13,367.0 13,398.3 13,401.2 13,439.9 13,474.4

1,859.4
267.0
1,956.8
1,096.1
13,011.6

1,859.6
267.7
1,961.2
1,100.4
13,089.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

1,954.8
1,605.6
384.3
618.6
6,337.4

1,962.7
1,608.8
384.8
615.9
6,371.6

1,971.9
1,609.3
385.1
613.0
6,393.5

1,977.8
1,611.1
386.2
612.9
6,410.8

1,989.2
1,611.9
388.1
619.1
6,439.7

1,985.8
1,616.1
390.1
614.7
6,458.7

1,996.8
1,621.7
391.4
614.8
6,487.4

2,001.8
1,627.2
392.5
612.9
6,508.8

2,003.3
1,634.6
393.6
610.8
6,534.1

2,009.5
1,642.6
395.5
610.4
6,551.6

2,017.8
1,639.6
394.6
613.1
6,566.0

2,019.9
1,641.2
396.6
609.4
6,577.9

2,022.1
1,639.9
398.0
611.1
6,601.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,585.9
531.6
504.4
5,740.4
2,851.6

3,585.0
531.5
506.2
5.743.2
2,857.1

3,593.2
531.2
508.2
5,762.1
2,859.1

3,593.8
531.6
508.8
5,759.6
2,857.9

3,613.6
531.3
512.6
5,784.6
2,861.8

3,626.1
533.0
511.5
5,783.4
2,862.4

3,649.9
534.6
510.2
5,795.4
2,866.2

3,664.2
533.4
512.9
5,816.0
2,868.9

3,674.8
532.8
513.5
5,823.5
2,873.9

3,690.0
530.5
514.0
5,833.8
2,884.0

3,690.7
528.6
515.1
5,837.8
2,874.6

3,707.4
528.4
516.1
5,833.2
2,878.8

3,721.9
529.1
516.1
5,832.9
2,885.5

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,396.1
1,255.1
1,702.2
1,835.6
549.1

1,396.6
1,259.0
1,707.7
1,840.2
548.6

1,404.9
1,266.1
1,706.6
1,841.6
550.0

1,406.5
1,268.4
1,711.1
1,843.1
552.6

1,407.8
1,270.8
1,717.1
1,854.0
554.6

1,404.7
1,274.3
1,718.6
1,855.1
555.2

1,406.4
1,275.6
1,722.5
1,858.5
557.1

1,419.1
1,281.9
1,720.3
1,863.9
558.5

1,416.9
1,282.8
1,726.2
1,867.7
560.8

1,419.2
1,287.4
1,732.0
1,869.8
561.4

1,423.0
1,291.5
1,738.5
1,870.5
558.1

1,426.1
1,294.4
1,735.4
1,875.8
560.8

1,429.0
1,294.2
1,739.1
1,877.8
560.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,254.2
3,099.1
4,432.1
2,464.4
1,100.6

2,253.9
3,099.0
4,439.2
2,468.4
1.101.5

2,258.0
3,106.7
4,452.6
2,476.9
1,104.4

2,259.1
3,110.8
4,442.4
2,482.6
1,100.7

2,258.9
3,121.3
4,447.0
2,491.9
1,109.4

2,255.5
3,125.8
4,451.3
2,496.0
1,111.0

2,258.2
3,134.4
4,462.8
2,498.1
1,110.5

2,263.3
3,144.8
4,473.4
2,504.5
1,112.7

2,272.1
3,157.6
4,471.1
2,512.6
1,113.1

2,273.8
3,168.4
4,489.6
2,518.5
1,112.6

2,282.0
3,173.0
4,495.7
2,514.1
1,117.6

2,282.4
3,185.5
4,506.7
2,522.3
1,120.9

2,277.7
3,189.3
4,506.5
2,528.1
1,116.2

Missoun
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hannpshire

2,624.7
362.9
849.5
879.7
563.8

2,626.3
362.9
848.7
880.4
565.9

2,634.2
365.2
850.8
885.4
569.1

2,640.3
363.0
853.3
890.2
568.7

2,637.9
367.5
861.0
891.9
573.8

2,643.2
367.9
859.3
893.8
572.4

2,645.0
368.2
861.8
898.7
570.5

2,649.5
368.6
864.0
901.9
573.4

2,652.0
369.0
866.4
904.2
572.5

2,658.9
370.3
868.6
907.2
570.0

2,664.4
368.7
874.0
907.0
572.7

2,662.9
370.6
878.5
912.8
572.6

2,651.0
370.0
875.3
915.1
572.0

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,701.9
702.4
8,004.3
3,633.0
311.9

3,709.2
703.9
8,007.6
3,642.6
312.1

3,712.7
707.0
8,013.8
3,652.1
312.1

3,719.9
708.5
8,014.4
3,656.1
311.3

3,728.0
709.1
8,030.1
3,681.5
313.6

3,724.1
709.5
8,032.9
3,694.9
313.6

3,746.9
709.1
8,057.7
3,697.4
314.1

3,748.4
712.2
8,075.7
3,704.2
314.4

3,758.2
713.3
8,083.4
3,716.8
315.1

3,766.5
713.9
8,095.6
3,715.4
316.2

3,771.3
712.7
8,082.4
3,719.6
317.4

3,784.2
713.1
8,098.6
3,734.1
319.0

3,786.8
714.0
8,113.8
3,730.6
317.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,358.5
1,380.0
1,514.1
5,384.0
447.5

5,373.6
1,379.2
1,519.6
5.383.4
448.5

5,386.4
1,383.8
1,525.8
5,393.3
449.0

5,388.5
1,381.6
1,525.7
5,385.0
448.1

5,384.3
1,384.9
1,528.6
5,396.8
449.8

5,394.1
1,388.7
1,527.0
5,395.4
449.7

5,405.7
1,397.7
1,532.2
5,421.7
452.3

5,409.0
1,397.3
1,537.8
5,425.9
451.9

5,417.1
1,403.4
1,536.9
5,434.4
451.1

5,421.7
1,405.1
1,551.0
5,446.5
453.4

5,439.2
1,405.7
1,551.8
5,453.9
452.7

5,436.3
1,410.7
1,557.3
5,448.0
454.1

5,444.3
1,415.6
1,557.0
5,450.9
453.5

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,711.3
351.8
2,566.6
8,511.9
985.2

1,710.8
352.0
2,578.6
8,533.3
987.1

1,713.6
355.4
2,579.5
8,568.7
991.8

1,715.5
352.4
2,588.7
8,592.0
992.7

1,724.1
356.5
2,589.3
8,626.0
997.1

1,725.9
355.6
2,587.3
8,655.9
997.4

1,727.8
355.8
2,590.4
8,682.6
1,002.1

1,730.6
356.3
2,595.9
8,703.4
1,003.7

1,735.0
355.7
2,603.0
8,732.1
1,010.6

1,749.1
356.1
2,605.3
8,760.7
1,014.3

1,763.5
354.9
2,618.6
8,755.4
1,015.6

1,767.8
357.0
2,620.7
8,801.2
1,018.2

1,773.7
357.8
2,619.3
8,831.2
1,024.9

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

277.1
3,212.7
2.484.1
705.6
2,628.0
222.9

277.7
3,212.1
2.4966
706.0
2.636.8
222.8

278.4
3,218.1
2,507.0
705.6
2,647.0
224.1

278.4
3,226.3
2,513.9
706.7
2,650.1
223.1

279.7
3,225.6
2,526.0
706.1
2,657.7
226.5

279.2
3,232.5
2,522.8
706.9
2,662.5
226.7

279.4
3,240.2
2,525.5
708.7
2,668.0
223.2

279.5
3,259.8
2,529.9
716.9
2,674.5
223.4

279.7
3,267.2
2,534.5
717.7
2,679.4
223.2

281.4
3,278.7
2,543.6
717.1
2,684.9
223.0

279.3
3,280.0
2,546.0
715.3
2,691.4
222.8

280.0
3,291.1
2,558.5
715.6
2,694.1
222.4

280.0
3,300.3
2,565.2
715.4
2,695.6
223.8

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

96.5
12.5
128.7
46.4
541.9

97.0
12.8
129.7
47.5
543.7

97.6
13.0
130.3
48.2
548.2

97.6
12.9
130.0
47.7
548.2

97.3
12.9
131.9
48.0
557.2

96.9
12.8
131.2
47.9
562.1

97.0
12.5
131.4
47.4
566.1

96.6
12.4
131.8
48.0
570.2

96.5
12.7
131.4
48.0
573.1

96.2
12.8
131.6
48.1
577.9

97.1
12.8
134.5
47.5
583.4

97.9
12.8
133.5
47.5
582.3

97.2
12.8
134.2
47.7
589.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Ftorida

116.6
56.5
22.1
9.4
328.1

117.4
56.3
21.5
9.1
329.0

118.9
56.3
21.2
8.9
329.6

119.3
56.3
21.6
8.9
3303

119.6
56.3
21.1
9.0
335.4

120.0
56.3
21.3
8.9
335.7

121.2
57.2
21 6
8.8
335.4

121.6
57.7
21.9
8.8
337.6

118.0
58.1
22.2
8.4
339.3

122.1
58.9
22.5
8.8
339.9

127.3
60.1
23.1
8.7
340.5

128.0
60.1
22.8
8.8
340.6

128.0
59.7
22.2
8.8
342.2

Georgia
Hawaii^
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

165.6
22.8
31.7
230.3
141.2

165.9
22.5
31.9
234.3
141.2

166.4
223
32.2
234.7
141.2

165.9
22.1
32.2
233.0
140.8

169.0
22.2
32.2
234.8
139.8

170.9
22.0
32.4
237.2
139.7

171.9
22.0
32.7
238.2
139.8

172.2
22.0
32.6
238.2
140.6

173.3
21.9
32.5
239.3
142.3

175.2
21.8
32.3
239.1
142.9

177.2
21.9
32.7
239.8
143.3

177.2
21.9
33.2
240.8
143.8

178.2
22.1
33.3
236.2
142.8

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

59.2
58.4
81.3
115.9
23.8

58.0
57.8
81.5
116.7
23.5

60.1
59.7
81.1
116.4
23.5

60.5
59.5
802
117.5
23.5

61.0
58.9
81.6
118.0
23.9

60.6
59.2
83.3
118.7
24.0

60.3
59.1
82.1
117.8
24.0

60.2
59.3
82.1
117.8
24.2

60.5
59.4
81.6
117.4
24.4

61.0
59.3
82.3
117.1
24.4

60.1
60.7
85.2
117.9
24.4

60.3
60.8
83.3
118.0
24.4

60.6
58.4
85.4
118.0
24.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

138.4
101.3
176.2
92.0
49.4

138.3
98.9
180.3
92.4
49.3

138.3
98.4
180.8
93.6
50.1

138.1
98.3
181.0
93.3
50.0

137.6
100.2
181.2
93.4
51.5

137.6
100.7
182.7
93.9
51.6

137.2
99.0
182.5
94.2
51.7

138.5
99.7
183.7
94.5
52.4

139.7
102.5
184.1
95.7
51.6

140.3
104.4
186.1
96.3
51.5

140.6
107.9
184.8
97.6
52.7

140.1
108.8
187.3
99.4
52.6

137.5
108.0
184.4
99.0
51.9

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

120.5
16.6
37.9
80.8
20.9

120.3
16.8
37.7
80.9
20.9

121.3
17.8
37.8
81.8
21.2

120.6
17.4
38.3
81.8
20.9

121.6
18.4
38.9
82.0
21.1

123.5
19.0
38.8
82.5
21.3

124.6
18.5
38.9
82.8
21.5

124.6
18.5
39.2
83.4
21.2

125.2
18.6
39.2
83.7
21.0

124.9
18.9
40.9
84.0
21.4

123.1
18.9
42.8
85.1
21.8

124.8
18.7
42.4
85.2
22.0

118.5
18.2
41.9
85.7
22.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

131.1
42.7
264.7
202.0
14.2

130.8
42.5
263.1
202.1
14.4

130.2
42.8
262.8
202.0
14.9

130.4
42.8
262.3
201.7
15.0

131.3
42.5
262.1
204.4
15.5

131.5
42.8
264.1
205.5
14.9

131.5
42.6
265.3
206.7
14.7

131.2
42.3
267.9
207.2
14.7

131.8
42.2
267.8
207.9
14.8

131.9
42.2
268.1
208.7
14.9

135.6
42.1
265.6
211.7
15.1

137.1
42.1
268.5
208.7
15.2

136.4
42.2
269.0
208.5
15.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

221.5
51.5
80.2
214.6
14.6

223.6
50.1
81.3
214.0
14.4

224.1
50.2
82.2
213.0
14.4

222.9
49.9
82.5
212.2
14.3

222.6
50.5
81.9
212.3
14.4

224.6
50.5
82.5
213.0
14.6

224.9
50.8
83.0
213.9
14.9

225.0
50.6
82.7
214.7
14.9

225.4
50.9
83.1
216.4
14.9

225.3
50.8
84.6
217.1
15.1

226.7
51.8
82.3
218.4
15.4

228.4
52.1
84.3
219.4
15.5

228.2
525
84.5
220.9
16.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

99.3
14.6
116.2
453.2
63.2

99.4
14.2
117.0
453.1
64.0

98.8
15.0
116.2
456.4
65.2

98.6
15.2
115.1
457.9
65.3

99.7
15.5
116.0
459.6
65.5

100.4
15.6
116.6
462.5
65.4

100.7
15.5
116.9
4632
65.1

101.1
15.6
117.4
462.4
64.7

101.6
15.7
117.8
464.5
65.8

103.3
15.9
118.1
467.0
66.5

104.9
15.9
117.0
468.1
65.7

106.0
16.0
117.7
476.7
66.5

106.5
15.7
119.2
478.4
67.4

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.8
186.5
133.2
35.4
106.8
14.6

12.9
183.9
135.4
35.3
107.7
14.5

12.9
185.2
136.0
34.6
108.9
15.2

13.0
184.7
136.4
34.6
109.0
15.3

13.2
185.1
136.9
34.3
109.5
15.5

13.3
185.7
137.0
34.5
109.3
15.6

13.1
185.1
136.3
34.6
108.8
15.4

12.9
187.3
136.1
35.4
108.9
14.9

12.8
188.3
136.8
35.6
109.4
15.2

13.3
189.0
136.6
35.5
110.0
14.9

12.7
190.2
137.7
36.2
110.2
14.9

12.6
191.5
138.2
35.4
111.6
15.0

12.5
192.7
138.8
34.8
111.2
15.1

See footnotes at end of table.




1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Manufacturing
383.0
16.3
204.3
252.2
1,892.2

380.8
16.0
203.8
253.4
1,901.0

380.9
15.5
204.7
253.8
1,907.8

379.8
15.5
205.2
253.7
1,913.9

381.2
15.4
206.9
253.0
1,925.8

382.2
14.8
208.1
253.4
1,925.8

380.0
14.7
209.3
252.9
1,927.4

378.7
15.0
210.1
253.5
1,935.0

378.7
15.5
211.6
253.3
1,936.5

378.6
13.9
212.9
254.0
1,941.6

380.2
15.5
214.7
255.5
1,943.2

379.2
16.4
215.0
255.3
1,945.2

378.2
16.3
214.8
254.9
1,948.2

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

201.7
275.0
57.0
12.7
490.2

202.3
276.2
57.4
12.6
491.2

202.7
275.9
57.5
12.7
491.0

202.8
276.2
56.6
12.5
490.2

204.0
278.2
56.6
12.5
492.3

204.6
277.2
57.5
12.6
492.3

205.1
276.6
57.9
12.5
491.9

205.8
276.5
58.3
12.6
491.7

206.6
276.0
58.4
12.6
491.5

207.7
276.3
58.7
12.6
491.9

206.9
277.1
56.7
12.8
491.8

208.4
276.9
57.3
12.7
491.7

209.0
276.7
58.8
12.8
491.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

588.4
16.8
74.0
968.8
676.8

589.0
16.7
74.4
969.8
678.2

589.4
16.7
74.2
970.6
677.4

588.5
16.7
74.4
968.2
675.9

588.9
16.8
74.1
975.9
676.8

587.8
16.7
74.5
977.7
677.5

587.5
16.4
74.8
978.8
675.2

588.1
16.4
75.2
983.3
678.0

589.3
16.5
75.5
979.5
678.4

590.0
16.5
75.8
980.9
679.6

589.1
16.5
76.4
981.3
678.6

587.1
16.4
76.7
980.2
680.1

589.5
16.5
76.4
979.7
682.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

250.7
203.3
315.6
189.6
87.6

251.5
204.3
316.1
190.2
87.2

253.0
204.5
314.6
191.6
87.6

253.6
205.9
317.4
190.8
87.7

253.9
206.3
318.6
191.3
87.3

255.2
206.9
319.5
191.0
87.9

254.4
207.3
320.2
190.7
87.6

256.3
207.1
315.6
190.0
87.5

256.1
208.4
315.9
190.7
87.8

256.3
208.9
316.7
190.8
88.1

256.5
209.7
318.6
190.8
88.1

257.0
210.2
317.9
190.4
88.2

258.1
210.3
316.2
190.6
87.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

177.0
445.7
970.9
431.4
242.2

176.8
446.5
967.3
431.4
241.6

176.7
447.0
967.4
432.4
242.4

176.1
447.7
963.3
433.0
241.3

175.3
448.9
964.1
434.5
242.5

176.0
448.7
967.8
435.1
240.4

173.5
448.2
963.3
434.9
239.3

173.6
450.2
969.8
437.5
240.3

176.6
451.6
970.7
439.3
241.2

176.7
452.9
969.3
440.4
241.1

176.6
455.8
970.9
440.7
241.8

177.1
456.9
973.2
438.7
242.6

176.5
456.9
974.4
442.6
241.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hanrpshire

418.3
24.2
115.6
40.0
105.8

417.5
24.1
115.7
40.1
106.2

417.9
24.2
114.7
40.3
106.6

418.9
24.0
115.9
40.4
106.8

416.4
24.1
118.0
40.4
107.4

422.1
24.3
116.0
40.7
107.3

418.6
24.3
116.2
40.9
107.7

420.8
24.4
116.5
40.9
107.7

419.8
24.5
116.8
41.2
107.7

420.2
24.3
117.0
41.4
108.1

426.7
24.4
117.7
41.7
108.8

420.0
24.6
118.7
41.9
108.5

421.6
24.5
118.1
42.3
108.8

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

481.2
45.8
921.6
837.1
22.9

482.4
45.8
921.4
834.4
23.0

481.1
46.1
920.4
834.9
23.0

480.8
45.9
917.7
834.2
23.2

481.9
46.4
921.3
835.6
23.5

482.4
46.9
921.7
831.4
23.8

482.0
46.9
921.6
8340
23.4

481.6
47.1
922.3
834.2
23.6

483.5
47.3
923.3
834.7
23.7

484.4
47.3
925.1
833.5
23.6

486.0
46.9
923.0
833.1
24.0

485.5
46.3
920.3
833.7
23.9

484.7
45.6
920.4
832.3
23.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,090.1
179.0
242.3
935.0
80.0

1,090.8
176.5
242.8
935.4
79.8

1,092.1
177.5
245.3
937.3
79.9

1,090.5
181.2
244.1
936.5
79.6

1,082.2
181.2
244.3
936.4
79.8

1,090.0
181.1
242.1
935.4
79.3

1,090.1
181.6
243.7
938.7
79.7

1,090.5
182.2
245.6
939.3
79.3

1,090.8
183.2
246.2
938.6
78.8

1,093.8
183.7
246.7
938.6
80.1

1,095.3
184.2
247.0
943.0
79.4

1,096.9
184.4
247.5
941.6
79.4

1,098.9
184.5
247.1
940.1
79.2

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

362.7
49.0
516.3
1,074.0
132.2

362.3
49.4
518.4
1,075.9
132.5

363.3
49.7
516.6
1,079.1
132.8

362.8
49.9
517.1
1,081.9
132.6

362.3
50.2
517.3
1,085.2
133.3

362.2
49.3
517.1
1,086.3
133.4

361.5
49.3
515.3
1,087.8
133.7

361.8
49.7
516.0
1,089.0
133.6

362.1
49.7
517.5
1,091.8
134.0

362.2
49.9
517.7
1,093.9
134.0

362.2
49.0
517.8
1,093.3
135.1

361.4
49.6
518.2
1,093.4
135.3

362.5
49.7
518.4
1,096.6
135.5

46.3
402.7
363.3
81.7
603.8
10.6

46.0
403.8
364.8
81.6
605.6
10.7

46.3
403.8
367.1
81.5
608.8
10.8

46.2
403.0
369.6
81.4
609.3
10.8

46.5
403.8
372.0
80.8
610.3
10.8

46.5
404.1
373.2
81.6
612.3
10.8

46.7
403.9
374.2
81.1
612.6
11.0

46.9
405.3
373.8
82.2
614.4
10.9

46.9
405.3
375.1
82.4
615.8
10.9

47.2
405.8
376.0
82.7
617.4
10.9

47.3
406.4
376.5
83.0
620.8
10.9

47.4
406.6
377.4
83.1
619.4
10.8

47.3
408.0
377.6
83.1
620.3
11.0

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

91.2
23.6
95.2
64.9
656.1

91.4
23.7
96.0
65.2
659.7

91.3
24.1
96.5
65.4
662.5

91.3
24.0
96.8
65.3
664.4

91.3
24.0
95.4
65.9
665.5

89.6
24.2
92.5
64.7
642.8

91.5
24.3
96.4
66.1
669.1

91.4
24.3
96.0
66.6
672.7

90.7
24.0
97.0
66.9
675.4

91.0
24.4
97.8
67.2
675.1

91.6
24.4
98.2
67.1
675.6

91.7
24.7
97.0
67.5
676.5

91.8
24.6
97.3
67.6
679.7

Cotorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Ftorida

120.7
74.5
15.5
17.7
325.0

122.1
75.1
15.5
17.8
326.3

122.1
74.6
15.6
17.8
326.5

122.2
74.7
15.7
17.8
327.1

121.8
74.2
16.0
17.7
328.8

118.7
71.9
15.9
17.7
321.8

121.7
74.8
15.7
17.5
330.3

122.0
75.0
15.8
17.5
330.3

121.8
75.3
15.7
17.5
330.9

121.2
75.7
15.8
17.5
332.2

122.5
75.3
15.5
17.7
335.6

122.5
75.8
15.6
17.3
336.2

122.0
76.3
15.7
17.2
338.0

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

227.9
41.6
24.1
337.3
141.3

229.0
41.5
24.1
336.6
141.2

229.6
41.4
24.1
337.8
141.0

229.9
41.2
24.3
338.8
140.3

231.3
41.7
24.0
336.1
138.8

226.5
41.5
23.9
323.3
136.1

233.6
41.4
24.0
338.9
140.2

234.8
41.4
23.9
340.3
140.4

235.7
41.5
24.1
340.8
140.7

236.4
41.0
24.2
342.0
141.5

236.3
41.1
24.7
342.0
142.3

237.5
41.2
24.4
341.3
142.6

238.5
40.9
24.4
342.4
143.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

64.9
71.9
96.9
109.5
23.1

65.9
72.0
97.5
110.0
23.1

66.0
72.2
97.3
110.0
23.1

65.8
71.9
97.3
110.2
23.4

65.3
71.9
97.1
111.2
23.5

62.9
72.5
90.9
109.7
22.5

65.4
72.8
97.7
111.5
23.5

66.2
73.0
98.5
111.8
23.4

66.5
73.0
98.6
111.8
23.4

66.7
72.9
99.4
112.1
23.5

66.9
72.9
99.5
111.7
23.5

67.0
73.0
99.7
112.5
23.9

67.2
73.3
99.9
112.6
23.8

I^aryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

106.8
132.4
172.9
122.6
52.8

107.2
133.2
173.2
123.3
52.8

107.3
133.5
173.3
123.8
52.9

107.2
133.3
173.5
123.8
52.9

106.7
134.9
173.8
123.8
52.9

102.5
131.3
169.6
120.8
51.5

106.6
135.7
174.4
124.8
53.0

105.7
137.0
174.7
125.2
53.4

105.9
136.0
175.1
125.3
53.6

106.3
135.3
175.3
126.0
53.5

105.3
136.8
175.4
125.9
54.1

106.2
137.5
175.0
125.4
53.9

105.4
137.4
174.5
125.6
53.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

164.6
21.1
52.6
44.5
19.4

164.9
21.0
53.1
45.0
19.4

165.4
21.1
53.7
45.5
19.5

165.8
21.1
53.8
45.8
19.5

165.3
20.9
53.7
46.0
19.8

162.0
20.4
53.8
44.9
19.7

164.6
21.1
54.8
46.4
19.4

164.0
21.2
54.2
46.6
19.3

163.6
21.4
54.4
46.7
19.4

164.3
21.3
54.6
46.7
19.4

165.9
21.5
54.9
46.7
19.7

165.4
21.6
55.0
46.9
19.4

165.7
21.5
54.7
46.8
19.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

2566
31.6
409.2
170.2
18.1

257.3
31.9
408.9
171.0
18.3

257.1
32.1
409.0
171.0
18.3

257.5
32.1
409.0
170.9
18.2

258.3
32.0
408.2
170.3
18.1

248.1
31.8
395.2
164.1
18.1

258.5
32.1
410.5
169.8
18.0

259.9
32.7
411.3
170.8
18.0

259.4
32.6
410.6
171.0
18.0

260.4
32.5
410.7
170.9
18.0

260.4
32.5
411.7
171.0
18.3

261.9
32.5
410.6
171.3
18.2

261.3
32.4
411.0
171.3
18.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

233.8
78.0
74.4
279.0
15.4

234.6
78.5
74.9
278.4
15.4

234.8
78.7
74.6
278.6
15.5

234.6
79.0
74.8
279.1
15.5

233.8
79.5
74.1
278.3
15.6

226.0
78.6
71.2
267.1
14.8

234.5
79.9
74.6
279.9
15.5

234.6
80.3
74.5
279.3
15.5

233.8
80.7
74.6
278.4
15.7

233.3
80.9
74.4
278.2
15.9

235.4
80.7
74.5
281.0
15.4

235.4
81.1
74.6
280.8
15.9

235.4
81.6
74.3
279.8
15.9

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

74.8
16.4
149.8
504.0
55.7

75.4
16.2
150.5
509.3
56.0

75.2
16.4
150.7
512.0
56.0

74.8
16.4
150.7
514.6
55.7

75.9
16.4
150.7
517.2
56.5

73.8
15.7
146.4
510.0
54.4

76.0
16.2
150.6
519.9
56.8

76.2
16.1
150.6
522.4
56.9

76.5
15.9
150.4
524.7
57.3

76.9
15.8
150.1
526.0
57.7

75.8
16.1
153.1
527.8
57.4

76.3
16.0
153.0
531.2
57.5

76.9
15.9
151.9
532.2
57.8

Verrront
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.3
165.4
133.0
38.9
123.4
14.0

12.2
166.6
133.6
38.9
124.3
13.9

12.1
167.2
134.2
38.9
124.4
13.9

12.2
167.7
134.2
38.8
124.2
13.9

12.3
168.2
133.9
38.8
123.4
13.9

11.9
164.8
131.0
38.1
119.1
13.8

12.2
168.8
133.6
39.0
123.1
13.9

12.3
170.4
133.7
39.0
123.1
13.9

12.3
170.7
133.9
39.2
123.0
14.0

12.3
171.3
133.9
38.8
122.5
13.9

12.4
170.9
135.6
39.2
124.0
13.7

12.5
171.6
136.3
38.7
124.4
13.8

12.4
172.2
136.5
38.5
123.8
13.8

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997
State
Mar.

1
1

1

May

June 1

July

Aug. 1I s ^ .

0 .

11 N . .

11 Doc.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Trade
Alabanna
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

426.8
55.0
478.2
251.6
3,023.9

425.7
55.4
477.5
251.5
3,044.6

427.2
55.7
478.3
251.6
3,050.9

427.5
56.1
479.8
250.9
3,058.5

428.0
56.5
478.4
251.5
3,066.6

428.1
56.4
480.8
251.9
3,070.3

428.0
55.7
480.9
252.4
3,073.8

428.8
55.0
483.3
252.2
3,081.6

429.2
54.9
487.8
253.7
3,100.1

429.4
55.4
491.3
252.7
3,106.6

430.3
55.9
496.7
251.6
3,091.3

431.4
56.4
497.6
251.2
3,107.1

432.8
56.6
499.2
253.1
3,114.7

Cokjrado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

478.1
351.7
85.8
49.5
1,634.7

479.1
351.2
85.3
48.0
1,637.9

480.5
352.2
85.2
47.6
1,642.7

481.4
352.7
85.0
47.5
1,645.1

483.8
352.7
85.1
48.5
1,648.4

484.4
353.9
85.3
48.4
1,656.8

483.0
355.0
85.4
48.4
1,663.4

484.3
356.6
85.7
48.6
1,670.0

486.6
359.6
85.9
48.6
1,675.7

486.5
362.3
86.1
48.8
1,680.9

489.5
360.2
86.7
48.6
1,678.4

490.7
359.9
87.7
48.2
1,681.8

491.3
359.4
87.7
48.8
1,686.8

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

908.3
134.9
128.2
1,321.9
682.0

904.6
135.2
128.6
1,320.7
681.5

907.0
135.2
129.0
1,323.6
681.5

906.4
134.8
128.8
1,322.4
681.4

912.0
134.2
128.9
1,323.8
683.7

919.2
134.3
128.1
1,323.8
684.7

923.2
134.7
128.4
1,323.4
682.7

926.0
134.9
128.7
1,330.1
682.7

929.1
134.7
129.4
1,331.7
682.9

932.4
134.4
129.7
1,336.8
681.9

931.9
133.8
129.6
1,339.7
676.9

936.9
133.7
1X.1
1,335.1
682.5

936.5
133.4
129.6
1,336.4
683.7

344.2
306.2
407.7
429.4
137.8

342.6
306.9
408.4
428.3
138.3

345.6
308.5
408.7
427.5
138.7

344.9
309.2
409.7
426.2
139.6

345.3
310.8
409.0
430.1
140.2

344.4
311.8
411.8
430.6
140.6

344.5
311.3
409.7
429.6
141.2

348.7
313.3
410.2
433.1
141.7

348.5
313.6
414.4
434.7
142.8

347.7
314.4
416.1
436.2
142.4

347.8
314.7
416.2
434.7
140.4

348.0
316.1
416.4
436.8
139.9

348.4
316.4
415.7
436.1
140.8

537.9
709.3
1,040.8
595.8
236.7

534.7
705.0
1,040.0
595.8
236.6

534.9
705.5
1,044.1
597.5
236.5

534.4
705.6
1,044.0
599.3
236.3

533.4
709.9
1,049.1
602.6
237.7

534.1
713.4
1,047.2
603.6
238.5

533.6
715.6
1,048.6
603.6
238.5

536.2
717.4
1,049.7
605.0
238.2

539.1
722.0
1,047.9
607.0
238.0

539.1
723.6
1,050.9
608.6
237.8

543.2
727.4
1,050.2
605.1
238.7

541.0
729.4
1,056.0
605.5
238.6

542.4
728.3
1,058.4
606.4
237.0

622.3
98.6
208.8
177.1
146.8

622.0
98.2
208.6
177.1
146.6

622.3
98.7
210.0
177.9
147.7

623.4
99.0
209.7
178.2
148.2

623.4
100.0
210.9
179.8
149.5

623.3
99.9
210.8
180.4
149.1

624.2
99.7
211.4
181.1
149.3

625.0
99.2
211.5
181.6
150.9

625.4
99.3
212.0
182.4
150.1

626.4
99.4
211.7
183.1
150.2

625.4
98.8
214.5
183.1
149.8

626.5
99.4
214.2
184.3
149.3

624.8
99.3
213.9
185.7
148.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

869.3
167.2
1,637.5
835.2
80.4

870.3
167.2
1,636.6
836.5
80.3

870.3
167.4
1,636.4
839.0
79.5

871.6
168.0
1,638.7
840.1
80.5

871.5
167.4
1,642.5
842.5
80.5

873.5
167.3
1,645.8
840.6
80.9

875.6
166.9
1,646.6
841.2
80.7

876.1
168.1
1,646.6
839.8
81.4

877.8
168.8
1,651.6
845.1
81.5

880.1
169.1
1,655.5
840.5
82.0

879.5
168.7
1,654.3
841.8
81.3

885.9
169.2
1,650.1
846.6
81.9

886.2
169.5
1,653.6
844.5
81.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,305.5
324.3
3748
1,215.4
98.5

1,306.6
323.7
375.1
1,212.0
98.1

1,308.5
323.9
376.8
1,214.2
98.0

1,310.3
323.8
377.4
1,213.5
97.8

1,308.0
323.4
378.7
1,214.4
98.4

1,311.2
324.2
378.8
1,216.2
98.4

1,313.3
323.6
378.0
1,220.6
98.7

1,314.6
324.4
380.9
1 6
98.8

1,318.5
326.6
381.9
1,223.9
98.7

1,321.3
327.3
384.8
1,228.0
98.6

1,317.1
326.4
383.0
1,216.7
98.5

1,317.6
327.0
384.5
1,221.3
99.2

1,317.7
327.1
384.7
1,224.1
98.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

408.3
87.8
606.0
2,033.4
237.0

408.5
87.7
609.7
2,032.4
236.9

409.5
89.0
607.4
2,038.9
238.0

411.3
88.5
607.1
2,043.7
238.2

413.2
88.5
607.0
2,053.3
238.7

413.3
88.9
607.8
2,057.8
239.3

414.2
88.0
608.5
2,058.9
239.8

415.8
88.2
610.7
2,063.2
240.2

426.5
88.3
614.8
2,071.0
241.2

427.6
88.1
618.4
2,081.5
242.7

430.0
87.2
618.1
2,084.5
242.7

431.0
87.5
619.5
2,086.0
243.9

432.9
87.9
618.8
2,095.7
245.4

65.2
724.7
602.9
161.9
601.9
52.8

65.1
721.1
603.9
161.2
601.8
52.7

65.2
721.5
607.1
161.4
602.6
52.6

65.1
721.7
608.1
161.6
602.7
52.5

65.4
721.3
611.0
161.2
605.2
52.3

65.0
723.3
609.0
160 9
608.9
52.1

65.0
724.3
608.2
161.0
607.4
51.9

65.0
730.0
610.1
164.1
607.8
52.5

65.1
732.3
611.9
164.3
608.5
52.3

65.3
734.4
612.8
164.5
609.5
52.3

64.8
730.9
615.4
163.4
608.6
52.5

65.0
735.3
618.1
163.6
611.7
51.9

65.4
734.3
621.0
164.7
612.2
52.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hannpshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June 1

July

Aug.

1 Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

83.7
12.0
124.0
44.0
745.6

83.9
12.1
125.1
44.1
750.7

84.2
12.2
125.9
44.1
754.5

84.2
12.3
126.5
43.9
756.7

84.7
12.3
127.3
44.1
759.3

84.7
12.4
127.6
44.2
760.0

84.7
12.3
128.0
44.2
761.2

84.9
12.2
129.2
44.3
763.5

84.9
12.2
130.0
44.4
764.7

85.1
12.2
130.3
44.5
765.1

85.1
12.1
130.5
44.3
765.8

85.3
12.1
131.4
44.4
769.9

85.4
12.2
132.5
44.8
773.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

124.9
130.0
45.8
28.3
403.5

125.6
130.9
46.3
28.5
406.8

126.4
131.5
46.5
28.5
408.0

127.1
130.4
47.0
28.4
408.3

128.3
130.9
47.3
28.5
410.1

128.7
131.1
47.6
28.5
411.4

128.7
131.4
48.3
28.5
413.1

129.0
131.8
48.5
28.4
416.8

129.5
132.8
48.2
28.3
419.3

130.0
133.6
48.6
28.4
419.2

130.0
133.7
48.4
28.9
418.8

130.9
133.8
48.6
28.4
419.9

131.2
135.0
48.9
28.5
422.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

184.4
36.4
25.1
394.6
137.1

185.4
36.3
25.1
395.1
137.9

186.0
36.3
25.1
396.5
137.8

186.1
36.2
25.1
397.2
137.7

187.0
36.1
25.7
399.1
139.0

188.5
36.1
25.7
400.9
139.3

189.2
36.0
25.8
401.0
139.6

190.6
35.9
25.7
402.9
139.9

190.8
35.8
25.6
404.3
140.1

191.7
35.7
25.6
405.2
140.4

191.8
35.6
25.7
406.3
140.2

192.8
35.3
26.0
406.5
140.0

193.8
35.3
26.0
407.8
140.4

786
60.8
68.6
84.9
28.0

78.7
61.1
68.8
85.3
28.0

79.0
61.1
68.8
85.4
28.1

792
61.1
685
85.5
28.3

79.5
60.5
69.9
85.9
28.7

79.6
60.7
70.2
86.0
28.7

79.8
60.7
70.1
86.0
28.6

80.5
60.7
70.2
86.1
28.8

80.7
60.8
70.4
86.5
29.0

80.9
60.9
70.6
86.8
29.2

81.3
60.8
70.5
86.5
29.4

81.0
61.1
70.7
86.6
29.7

81.1
61.1
70.9
86.9
30.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

130.4
212.3
206.9
145.3
41.5

1X.4
211.7
206.7
145.9
41.6

130.4
212.3
206.2
145.5
41.7

130.7
212.5
206.2
145.7
41.7

130.4
212.3
205.5
146.2
41.4

130.7
213.2
204.9
146.4
40.6

130.8
213.9
205.7
146.7
40.8

130.7
214.6
206.2
147.9
41.1

130.9
215.2
206.6
148.5
41.1

131.3
215.7
207.1
149.1
41.1

131.5
215.9
207.9
149.2
41.2

131.8
216.1
208.9
149.8
41.5

131.3
216.5
209.2
149.8
41.3

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hannpshire

153.4
16.3
54.4
39.5
29.2

153.9
16.3
53.9
39.4
29.2

153.8
16.3
54.1
39.9
29.3

154.0
16.4
54.2
40.1
29.4

154.4
16.4
54.7
40.4
29.6

153.7
16.5
54.8
40.4
29.6

154.1
16.6
55.0
40.5
29.4

154.7
16.6
55.3
40.9
29.5

154.8
16.6
55.4
41.1
29.4

155.5
16.6
55.9
41.2
29.2

155.8
16.7
55.8
41.4
29.3

156.0
16.8
56.4
41.5
29.3

156.6
16.8
56.6
41.7
29.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

237.1
31.6
719.4
164.2
14.6

237.4
31.3
719.7
165.2
14.6

238.3
31.3
719.8
166.1
14.6

238.6
31.4
721.1
166.4
14.7

237.9
31.4
720.3
167.6
14.9

238.2
31.4
720.7
168.0
14.9

238.8
31.2
721.3
168.3
14.9

239.9
31.2
721.3
168.5
15.0

240.9
31.3
721.5
168.9
15.0

242.2
31.4
722.1
169.3
15.2

243.3
31.5
721.3
170.6
15.3

244.1
31.5
724.1
172.5
15.4

244.4
31.5
724.3
173.5
15.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

284.1
69.0
94.6
312.1
26.3

286.5
69.0
94.8
312.1
26.4

287.0
69.1
94.9
312.4
26.5

2866
69.2
94.9
312.8
26.5

286.7
69.3
95.4
312.4
26.7

287.5
69.3
95.5
312.5
26.6

287.9
69.5
95.2
313.3
26.6

288.4
69.9
95.7
314.4
26.6

288.7
70.2
96.1
315.3
26.7

288.9
70.2
96.0
317.6
26.6

290.0
70.3
96.4
317.5
26.9

289.8
70.5
96.0
318.5
27.0

289.9
70.6
96.2
318.8
26.8

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

74.0
20.6
119.0
458.9
52.1

74.5
20.7
119.5
460.1
52.4

74.6
20.8
120.2
462.3
52.5

74.6
20.9
120.7
463.4
526

75.1
21.1
120.7
465.2
52.8

75.2
21.1
120.8
466.7
52.9

75.2
21.2
121.6
467.9
53.2

75.3
21.4
122.0
469.0
53.6

75.3
21.6
121.7
469.7
54.0

75.8
21.7
121.7
471.2
53.9

76.0
21.7
123.4
473.5
53.7

76.6
21.6
123.5
475.6
53.8

76.9
21.6
123.2
477.3
53.9

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.0
167.2
126.0
28.0
139.3
8.1

12.2
167.3
127.4
28.2
139.7
8.1

12.2
167.6
127.6
28.2
139.8
8.1

12.3
168.0
127.0
28.1
140.3
8.1

12.4
168.1
129.2
28.3
140.5
8.2

12.4
168.1
129.6
28.3
140.4
8.2

12.4
167.6
129.8
28.3
140.5
8.2

12.3
168.6
130.3
28.5
141.1
8.2

12.3
169.1
130.4
28.5
141.8
8.2

12.2
169.5
131.0
28.6
141.9
8.2

12.2
170.6
131.5
28.4
141.8
8.2

12.1
170.7
132.0
28.3
142.2
8.3

12.2
171.2
132.5
28.2
142.3
8.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

I

June

July

0 .

Aug.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

1

-

1 Mar.P

Services
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

422.4
64.7
588.9
250.8
3,984.5

424.9
64.7
590.6
252.0
4,020.3

426.7
65.5
592.8
252.1
4,022.8

429.1
65.3
595.7
252.4
4,036.7

432.0
65.6
600.1
253.4
4,072.4

432.0
65.8
603.3
255.6
4,089.0

432.0
66.0
607.2
255.8
4,098.9

433.2
66.1
608.8
256.3
4,110.9

433.9
66.1
612.5
257.3
4,124.2

434.3
66.0
616.3
257.7
4,142.0

435.1
66.5
617.3
257.2
4,154.9

435.6
67.0
619.9
259.6
4,168.6

436.8
67.0
621.7
260.7
4,176.5

Cotorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Colunibia
FtorkJa

586.2
491.6
104.9
266.5
2,212.6

589.4
493.6
105.8
265.7
2,234.7

593.7
493.6
105.9
263.7
2,247.4

596.5
495.7
107.0
265.0
2,260.5

602.2
495.4
108.5
267.7
2,279.2

600.3
500.8
108.7
265.6
2,291.8

606.7
500.7
108.5
267.6
2,302.2

608.7
503.5
108.8
267.0
2,311.0

610.4
506.4
109.5
266.0
2,321.5

610.8
508.7
109.9
265.6
2,330.5

609.5
506.6
110.2
266.3
2,337.5

607.4
506.9
110.7
266.0
2,347.9

608.8
505.3
110.9
267.4
2.362.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

929.8
168.9
119.4
1,671.8
675.8

928.3
169.0
120.2
1,674.2
678.9

930.9
168.6
121.4
1,680.9
680.0

932.8
169.2
121.9
1,684.0
680.1

938.8
169.7
124.9
1,695.2
683.5

945.1
169.7
123.7
1,699.9
686.3

955.2
169.7
121.7
1,695.1
689.0

963.1
170.1
124.0
1,701.8
691.2

967.4
170.3
123.9
1,709.9
696.7

973.2
169.5
123.9
1,714.0
700.7

972.3
168.4
121.8
1,713.4
691.3

981.5
169.1
121.4
1,716.7
692.1

990.8
169.6
121.4
1,716.7
695.3

362.9
310.1
418.7
492.0
155.8

363.9
312.6
421.0
494.8
155.3

365.0
315.2
422.2
494.7
156.3

366.1
316.8
423.7
495.5
157.1

366.3
318.4
426.2
501.3
158.0

365.4
319.8
429.0
500.2
158.5

364.9
321.4
429.7
502.5
159.2

368.3
323.2
430.7
503.8
159.7

369.1
324.1
431.7
504.6
160.5

369.9
325.0
433.3
506.0
160.7

371.6
324.9
432.0
507.4
160.6

373.0
325.8
432.3
507.7
161.6

374.1
327.0
434.5
510.5
161.9

744.9
1,095.3
1,208.3
691.1
254.8

748.4
1,099.1
1,213.3
693.9
255.8

752.1
1,104.4
1,215.7
698.3
256.9

753.2
1,107.2
1,216.7
700.4
255.3

754.1
1,106.6
1,220.1
703.2
258.7

755.6
1,109.6
1,226.9
705.4
259.9

756.8
1,113.4
1,228.2
706.1
261.0

760.4
1,117.6
1,234.5
706.8
261.1

762.7
1,121.6
1,235.2
708.9
261.5

764.0
1,126.1
1,243.2
710.5
261.3

763.1
1,119.3
1,244.1
708.1
262.7

764.5
1,126.2
1,243.7
714.6
263.7

762.9
1,133.3
1,244.8
716.1
263.5

731.4
103.4
227.3
378.3
162.9

731.2
104.2
226.7
377.8
164.3

734.4
104.8
227.7
379.6
165.4

736.9
105.3
228.2
380.1
164.9

737.5
105.5
230.0
381.8
166.4

738.2
105.6
230.6
383.2
166.1

738.6
105.5
232.0
385.1
164.9

740.3
105.9
232.8
386.1
166.1

744.3
106.0
233.4
386.7
166.0

746.5
106.6
233.3
387.2
165.7

746.2
106.1
234.3
386.5
165.2

747.0
107.1
236.8
389.6
165.3

744.0
107.1
236.0
390.2
165.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,156.0
192.7
2,671.6
849 5
86.6

1,160.3
193.1
2,679.7
855.5
86.6

1,164.7
194.3
2,685.5
861.3
86.5

1,169.7
194.6
2,689.7
864.5
87.0

1,176.4
194.9
2,698.1
878.2
87.5

1,180.2
195.2
2,705.8
882.1
87.1

1,182.7
196.0
2,713.2
886.5
87.1

1,187.1
197.2
2,722.0
891.3
87.2

1,192.9
197.4
2,729.4
896.2
87.5

1,195.1
197.2
2,736.5
899.5
87.8

1,194.6
196.8
2,734.3
899.8
88.4

1,198.2
197.7
2,750.1
904.2
89.1

1,203.5
197.8
2,761.0
903.1
88.6

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,453.9
372.2
396.2
1,691.9
149.8

1,461.6
375.3
398.8
1,695.7
150.8

1,468.3
377.5
401.0
1,700.7
151.2

1,469.6
377.4
399.7
1,706.6
150.4

1,473.2
378.7
403.7
1,710.8
151.2

1,477.1
380.7
403.8
1,717.2
151.7

1,478.5
382.0
404.2
1,719.8
152.3

1,481.9
381.7
404.5
1,721.6
152.5

1,485.0
382.6
404.2
1,728.8
152.3

1,484.7
383.0
408.7
1,732.9
152.1

1,497.6
382.9
412.0
1,739.0
151.9

1,494.3
385.2
412.9
1,733.9
151.7

1,499.5
386.2
411.8
1,733.5
151.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

391.4
91.3
674.5
2,347.9
265.8

390.0
91.6
679.3
2,361.2
266.1

391.3
92.3
683.3
2,375.9
267.4

392.3
92.1
685.5
2,390.1
268.3

396.3
92.7
687.7
2,401.8
270.0

399.1
92.7
689.3
2,419.1
271.7

398.5
92.8
688.2
2,425.1
272.5

398.6
92.7
690.6
2,436.5
273.6

400.2
92.2
692.6
2,447.2
275.6

401.4
92.5
691.1
2,457.1
276.4

409.3
92.9
699.0
2,448.9
277.7

410.9
94.4
698.7
2,473.4
277.1

412.2
94.2
698.1
2,481.7
279.3

82.6
958.5
668.8
196.1
665.4
48.8

83.1
961.6
671.5
197.0
670.7
48.8

83.5
965.9
675.6
197.3
673.0
49.1

83.5
973.8
675.9
198.4
675.6
48.5

83.8
976.8
677.5
199.3
683.0
49.0

84.1
981.3
680.2
199.8
684.8
48.8

84.0
984.9
680.8
200.6
687.5
48.6

84.0
989.3
683.3
202.8
688.8
48.9

84.3
991.9
686.6
202.9
690.7
48.9

84.7
999.2
689.4
202.5
692.3
49.0

83.9
1,004.5
689.5
202.5
693.5
48.8

84.2
1,007.8
695.6
203.4
691.0
48.5

84.3
1,014.7
699.1
203.8
693.2
48.8

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Government
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

345.5
73.4
323.5
182.7
2,137.9

345.5
73.3
325.1
183.1
2,139.9

345.8
73.1
326.8
182.8
2,142.1

345.3
72.9
327.3
182.9
2,142.4

345.3
73.5
318.2
184.0
2,127.0

346.0
73.0
325.7
185.6
2,145.2

346.2
72.8
326.6
183.7
2,151.8

347.0
72.9
327.0
182.8
2,155.2

347.1
73.3
327.3
183.5
2,163.6

347.3
73.5
327.5
183.9
2,160.5

346.7
73.1
325.4
183.7
2,157.5

346.2
73.3
329.5
184.0
2,161.0

346.4
73.4
332.2
184.4
2,163.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florkla

312.7
225.6
53.1
234.4
936.7

313.0
224.8
52.9
234.1
939.2

313.8
224.5
53.1
233.7
941.7

314.5
224.4
53.2
232.7
9428

315.6
223.5
53.4
235.1
938.8

315.3
224.2
53.7
232.9
942.2

316.4
225.2
53.9
231.4
944.4

316.2
225.3
53.4
229.9
944.8

316.2
225.6
53.6
229.3
949.3

317.0
226.3
53.8
228.6
950.5

318.2
225.8
53.9
230.0
956.9

317.8
227.0
53.8
227.9
953.2

317.6
226.7
53.7
227.5
951.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

573.7
110.2
98.7
803.8
390.8

574.7
110.3
98.7
800.5
391.5

575.9
110.7
99.0
806.5
393.4

5762
111.4
98.9
804.6
395.0

578.4
110.6
99.7
808.1
393.4

580.0
112.7
100.1
808.8
392.1

581.1
114.4
99.7
808.3
393.0

581.3
112.7
99.7
807.5
389.4

581.1
112.1
99.6
806.2
386.1

582.9
111.6
99.4
804.1
390.4

584.0
111.3
101.1
803.8
395.2

586.2
110.8
101.4
801.2
391.0

586.4
111.3
102.0
802.3
390.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

233.5
236.2
290.4
362.3
92.9

233.9
236.0
291.3
362.1
93.1

234.1
236.7
290.8
362.7
92.6

234.3
235.7
291.3
364.1
92.9

234.5
235.8
291.5
361.9
92.9

234.5
235.2
291.1
364.5
92.9

235.0
234.7
290.3
365.3
92.9

236.8
237.0
290.2
365.9
93.1

233.4
235.2
291.0
366.5
92.8

234.6
237.8
291.1
365.2
93.0

236.8
239.4
294.1
365.4
91.6

237.8
239.0
292.5
367.7
93.0

237.5
239.4
293.9
366.8
92.5

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

417.5
401.6
648.4
378.2
217.5

416.8
403.3
650.6
377.7
218.0

417.0
404.4
657.3
377.8
217.7

418.1
404.9
649 9
379.1
217.1

420.1
407.2
646.1
380.3
218.8

417.7
407.5
644.6
382.9
222.3

418.4
407.3
652.6
379.9
220.3

416.9
406.9
647.3
379.8
220.3

416.0
407.3
643.9
380.1
220.3

414.8
409.0
650.0
379.9
220.3

420.4
408.5
654.7
379.7
220.2

420.4
409.3
655.1
381.1
221.7

420.4
407.5
653.3
380.7
220.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

409.4
77.5
151.7
104.6
78.4

411.7
76.9
151.8
105.3
78.9

414.3
76.7
151.6
105.8
78.9

415.9
74.4
152.0
109.2
78.5

414.6
76.5
153.6
106.9
79.5

415.7
76.7
153.3
107.2
78.8

415.6
77.0
152.3
107.4
77.8

415.4
77.3
153.3
108.0
78.2

414.1
77.3
153.9
108.0
78.4

416.4
77.9
154.0
109.2
75.6

416.4
77.0
152.8
108.4
77.8

418.3
77.0
153.6
109.5
78.4

415.1
77.4
152.9
108.9
77.9

568.6
175.1
1,375.7
570.9
71.0

568.8
176.4
1,373.7
573.9
70.8

569.1
177.3
1,375.5
573.8
71.1

569.4
178.1
1,371.5
574.4
68.5

568.8
178.8
1,373.2
578.9
69.4

568.3
178.4
1,375.1
599.2
69.7

575.9
177.8
1,374.7
586.9
71.1

570.7
178.0
1.379.8
588.4
70.3

570.0
178.2
1,374.7
589.0
70.4

570.5
178.6
1,373.3
589.0
70.5

570.0
178.7
1,368.3
587.5
70.9

569.6
178.3
1,370.6
593.0
71.1

568.5
179.4
1,370.1
593.5
70.8

756.1
274.0
249.8
715.6
62.7

756.6
274.4
250.1
715.6
63.4

758.1
275.1
249.2
716.9
63.3

760.5
269.3
250.5
704.1
63.8

764.3
270.7
248.7
711.6
63.5

764.2
272.6
251.2
713.5
64.1

763.0
278.7
251.7
715.2
64.4

760.5
276.8
252.1
713.7
64.1

761.4
277.6
248.9
712.7
63.8

760.9
277.3
253.9
713.8
64.8

763.4
277.6
254.7
717.8
65.1

760.6
278.7
255.6
712.2
65.3

761.4
280.6
256.5
713.6
64.9

298.9
69.8
380.3
1.478.0
170.9

298.8
70.0
379.7
1,477.8
170.8

299.0
70.0
380.5
1,479.6
171.4

299.2
67.2
388.0
1,475.4
171.7

299.7
69.9
385.4
1,477.0
171.8

300.0
70.1
384.8
1,486.5
172.0

299.8
70.5
384.7
1,492.6
172.7

299.9
70.4
384.0
1,493.9
172.7

290.9
70.1
383.9
1,495.8
174.3

300.0
70.1
383.6
1,496.7
174.8

303.4
69.9
385.6
1,490.8
175.0

303.7
69.8
385.6
1,495.1
175.7

303.9
70.7
385.3
1,500.8
177.1

45.3
596.5
453.5
138.9
384.8
57.4

45.6
596.7
456.5
139.1
384.5
57.4

45.6
595.6
455.9
139.0
386.7
57.7

45.5
596.0
459.2
138.9
386.5
57.2

45.6
591.0
462.0
138.9
383.2
59.9

45.4
594.0
459.3
139.2
385.2
60.3

45.4
594.4
459.1
139.6
385.6
57.3

45.5
597.8
459.0
140.5
387.9
57.0

45.4
598.6
456.3
140.9
387.7
56.9

45.7
598.5
460.3
140.8
388.7
57.1

45.4
595.7
456.3
139.3
390.0
56.9

45.6
596.7
457.5
140.2
391.3
57.0

45.4
596.2
456.3
139.5
390.1
57.3

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

' Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

1998

1997
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.6

34.5

34.5

34.8

34.6

34.8

34.9

34.7

34.4

41.4

41.4

41.1

41.2

41.1

41.2

41.3

41.2

41.4

41.6

41.4

40.9

40.1

Mining

45.3

46.0

45.4

45.4

45.5

45.1

45.2

45.6

45.0

45.5

44.0

43.4

43.5

Construction

38.9

39.4

38.7

39.0

38.6

38.9

38.8

38.1

38.8

39.8

39.3

38.3

38.0

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

42.1
4.9

42.0
4.8

41.8
4.6

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.9
4.7

42.0
4.8

42.1
4.9

42.2
4.9

42.1
4.9

42.0
4.8

41.8
4.7

40.7
3.9

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

43.0
5.3
41.2
40.1
43.0
45.1
45.2
42.9
43.9
42.3
44.8
45.3
41.9
40.5

42.8
5.2
41.0
40.4
43.4
44.8
44.7
42.6
43.6
42.0
44.5
45.2
41.9
40.3

42.6
5.0
41.0
39.9
42.9
44.7
44.5
42.4
43.3
42.0
44.2
44.8
41.8
40.1

42.6
5.0
41.1
40.0
43.1
44.4
44.3
42.4
43.4
42.0
43.7
44.0
41.7
40.4

42.7
5.0
40.8
40.0
43.0
45.0
45.2
42.3
43.4
41.7
44.3
44.7
42.3
40.2

42.6
5.0
40.9
40.2
43.1
44.9
45.1
42.4
43.4
41.7
43.9
44.1
42.0
40.3

42.8
5.1
41.1
40.0
43.1
45.1
45.3
42.6
43.4
41.8
44.4
45.0
41.9
40.2

42.9
5.2
41.2
40.5
42.9
45.3
45.3
42.6
43.8
42.0
44.0
44.3
42.2
40.5

43.0
5.2
41.0
40.7
43.9
45.3
45.5
42.9
43.6
42.0
44.7
45.0
41.8
40.7

42.8
5.2
41.3
41.2
43.9
45.4
46.2
42.7
43.5
41.9
43.8
43.8
41.7
40.2

42.7
5.1
41.2
41.5
43.8
44.7
45.3
42.6
43.3
41.8
43.7
43.7
42.1
40.7

42.4
5.0
41.1
40.7
43.0
44.5
45.3
42.3
43.2
41.3
43.6
43.6
41.5
40.2

41.1
3.9
40.8
40.0
42.8
43.1
44.1
40.6
41.6
40.2
41.4
41.3
41.0
39.0

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.9
4.4
41.1
39.0
41.7
37.5
43.9
38.5
43.1
(2)
42.0
38.5

40.8
4.3
41.4
38.4
41.4
37.1
43.8
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2

40.6
4.1
40.9
37.6
41.2
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
38.1

40.6
4.3
41.1
36.1
41.3
36.9
43.5
38.4
43.0
(2)
41.7
38.4

40.7
4.2
41.0
37.5
41.2
37.1
43.4
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.0

40.9
4.3
41.2
38.1
41.4
37.3
43.7
38.7
43.4
(2)
41.6
38.4

40.8
4.4
41.2
38.7
41.3
37.2
43.7
38.7
43.2
(2)
41.8
38.6

41.1
4.5
41.6
39.3
41.5
37.1
44.1
38.8
43.4
(2)
42.2
38.0

41.1
4.5
41.7
39.1
41.7
37.5
43.8
38.6
43.1
(2)
42.1
38.3

41.2
4.4
41.9
38.4
41.8
37.6
43.6
38.5
43.5
(2)
42.0
38.3

40.9
4.3
41.4
38.7
41.7
37.4
43.4
38.5
43.5
(2)
41.8
38.8

40.8
4.4
41.4
37.5
41.2
37.1
43.4
38.3
43.4
(2)
41.5
37.8

40.1
3.9
41.0
37.4
39.8
36.4
42.3
37.9
43.1
(2)
40.5
36.3

32.7

32.7

32.9

32.7

32.9

32.8

32.8

33.1

32.8

32.9

33.1

33.0

33.0

Transportation and public utilities

39.3

39.5

39.6

39.0

40.1

39.9

39.8

40.2

39.7

39.8

40.0

39.5

39.6

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.3

38.4

38.3

38.3

38.7

38.2

38.4

38.6

38.5

38.4

Retail trade

28.9

28.9

28.9

28.8

29.1

28.8

28.9

28.9

28.9

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Services

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing:
construction workers In construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities: wholesale and retail trade: finance, insurance
and real estate: and services.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.

(1982=100)
1998

1997
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

139.6

140.0

140.6

140.2

140.8

140.9

141.2

142.9

142.5

143.6

144.5

143.5

142.9

113.3

113.7

112.7

112.9

113.0

113.3

113.6

113.9

115.0

116.4

115.9

114.0

111.7

55.8

57.3

56.3

56.3

56.3

56.1

56.1

56.2

56.0

56.7

54.8

54.5

54.1

Construction

153.2

156.2

152.8

154.1

152.9

154.2

153.5

152.2

156.7

164.3

163.5

155.9

155.6

Manufacturing

108.5

108.3

107.8

107.8

108.1

108.3

108.7

109.4

109.9

110.0

109.7

108.9

106.0

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

111.7
143.3
126.7
109.2
94.5
73.8
118.0
109.2
109.1
126.5
164.4
75.1
103.3

111.4
142.9
128.0
110.2
93.9
72.6
117.1
108.5
108.2
126.8
165.4
75.1
103.2

111.0
142.2
126.7
108.7
94.0
72.3
116.8
108.1
108.5
126.2
165.6
75.2
102.3

111.1
142.3
127.3
110.0
93.2
72.0
116.5
108.5
109.1
125.7
163.1
75.1
103.4

112.0
141.5
126.7
109.7
95.2
73.4
117.2
108.9
108.9
129.7
169.1
75.8
102.5

111.8
142.1
127.6
110.0
95.0
74.1
117.4
108.9
109.0
127.6
164.7
75.6
102.0

112.5
143.0
127.3
110.5
95.9
74.0
118.4
109.7
109.4
129.6
168.3
75.4
101.8

113.2
143.6
129.6
110.0
96.5
74.0
118.6
111.1
110.3
129.7
168.7
76.0
101.4

113.9
144.2
130.5
112.8
96.5
74.3
119.8
110.8
111.1
131.4
169.6
75.6
103.4

113.9
145.9
133.1
114.4
97.2
75.9
119.8
110.9
111.0
128.6
164.5
76.1
102.2

113.8
145.1
134.7
114.4
95.6
74.4
119.9
110.7
110.4
128.8
164.3
76.7
103.4

112.9
144.7
132.7
111.0
95.3
74.4
118.7
110.2
109.1
128.8
163.1
75.9
102.5

109.4
143.5
131.4
111.3
92.1
71.6
113.9
105.9
105.9
122.1
154.7
75.0
99.8

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

104.2
117.0
59.9
89.6
73.9
110.4
124.7
99.9
73.6
145.9
42.0

104.0
117.3
58.9
88.8
73.0
110.4
125.1
100.5
75.0
144.7
41.7

103.4
115.8
57.8
88.2
73.2
109.0
125.2
99.7
74.2
144.2
41.0

103.1
115.6
57.2
88.5
72.0
109.0
125.4
99.3
73.5
144.3
40.7

102.8
114.8
57.6
87.6
71.7
108.5
124.5
100.1
74.9
144.9
39.7

103.5
116.2
58.5
88.2
71.6
109.5
125.6
100.9
74.2
144.7
39.5

103.6
116.5
61.3
88.0
71.2
109.5
125.8
100.8
73.1
145.6
40.3

104.3
118.4
64.2
88.1
70.6
110.7
126.4
101.6
73.9
146.8
39.1

104.4
119.0
60.0
88.7
71.2
110.2
125.9
101.3
72.4
147.2
38.8

104.7
119.9
60.9
88.4
70.8
110.1
125.3
102.4
74.6
147.8
38.8

104.0
118.7
61.3
88.0
69.6
109.6
125.3
102.7
70.8
147.3
39.3

103.5
118.8
61.3
86.6
68.9
109.4
123.7
102.5
72.9
146.6
37.7

101.5
117.5
61.1
83.5
66.7
106.8
1???
102.0
70.9
143.1
35.7

151.3

151.8

153.1

152.5

153.2

153.3

153.6

155.9

154.9

155.8

157.3

156.8

156.8

Transportation and public utilities

130.1

131.0

131.3

129.3

128.2

132.2

132.1

133.2

131.1

132.0

132.8

131.3

131.8

Wholesale trade

125.7

125.9

126.2

126.0

126.5

126.2

126.7

128.3

126.9

128.1

129.0

128.6

128.5

Retail trade

137.9

138.0

138.2

138.2

139.7

138.5

139.2

140.3

140.5

140.8

141.6

141.0

141.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate

126.7

127.3

130.5

127.4

129.4

128.6

128.1

132.9

129.3

130.3

134.8

135.2

134.2

Services

181.7

182.3

184.5

184.4

184.9

185.0

185.3

188.3

187.5

188.8

190.4

190.0

190.1

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Service-producing

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.




P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.

Percent change

Millions of hours (annual rate)^
Industry
Feb.
1998'

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

March
1998'

April 1997
to
April 1998P

Feb. 1998
to
March 1998'

March 1998
To
April 1998P

229,659

228,532

227,555

1.3

-0.5

-0.4

192,363

191,241

190,699

2.4

-.6

-.3

1,316
12,012
40,721
24,492
16,229
13,637
13,631
34,015
13,821
63,210

1,296
11,537
40,536
24,359
16,177
13,539
13,624
33,859
13,848
63,003

1,289
11,516
39,803
23,845
15,958
13,479
13,610
34,042
13,798
63,161

-4.8
1.7
-1.3
-.9
-1.8
2.2
2.9
2.8
5.4
4.2

-1.5
-4.0
-.5
-.5
-.3
-.7
-.1
-.5
.2
-.3

-.6
-.2
-1.8
-2.1
-1.4
-.4
-.1
.5
-.4
.3

37,296

37,291

36,856

-4.1

.0

-1.2

^ Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
P = preliminary.
' = revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




April
1998P

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202-606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: ftpV/ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableblO

1997

1998

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wliolesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)^
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$12.14 $12.19 $12.23 $12.24 $12.31 $12.35 $12.40 $12.48 $12.48 $12.52 $12.59 $12.63 $12.67
13.80

13.85

13.86

13.86

13.94

13.97

14.07

14.11

14.17

14.15

14.21

14.25

14.28

15.96
15.86
13.07
12.38

16.05
15.91
13.11
12.38

16.12
15.95
13.12
12.42

16.10
15.96
13.11
12.41

16.07
16.03
13.20
12.50

16.20
16.08
13.22
12.51

16.27
16.12
13.35
12.60

16.43
16.22
13.37
12.63

16.41
16.36
13.39
12.64

16.42
16.22
13.38
12.64

16.73
16.29
13.43
12.70

17.03
16.41
13.47
12.75

17.04
16.46
13.47
12.84

11.58

11.63

11.69

11.70

11.77

11.81

11.85

11.94

11.92

11.97

12.06

12.10

12.16

14.76
13.27
8.26
13.00
12.16

14.80
13.33
8.28
13.18
12.20

14.85
13.42
8.30
13.29
12.26

14.95
13.38
8.32
13.30
12.26

15.01
13.54
8.36
13.49
12.33

14.95
13.54
8.42
13.47
12.36

15.01
13.57
8.46
13.54
12.41

15.05
13.73
8.50
13.64
12.50

15.09
13.69
8.51
13.59
12.48

15.26
13.67
8.57
13.63
12.52

15.23
13.80
8.59
13.84
12.62

15.19
13.87
8.63
13.89
12.68

15.28
13.90
8.69
13.95
12.75

7.49
8.52
7.15

7.52
8.54
7.17

7.54
8.54
7.20

7.53
8.53
7.20

7.56
8.56
7.23

7.56
8.55
7.23

7.58
8.60
7.24

7.62
8.62
7.29

7.62
8.65
7.28

7.64
8.64
7.31

7.69
8.68
7.36

7.72
8.70
7.39

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)

418.83 420.56 423.16 421.06 425.93 426.08 427.80 434.30 431.81 435.70 439.39 438.26 435.85

Goods-producing

571.32 573.39 569.65 571.03 572.93 575.56 581.09 581.33 586.64 588.64 588.29 582.83 572.63

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

722.99 738.30 731.85 730.94 731.19 730.62 735.40 749.21 738.45 747.11 736.12 739.10 741.24
616.95 626.85 617.27 622.44 618.76 625.51 625.46 617.98 634.77 645.56 640.20 628.50 625.48
550.25 550.62 548.42 548.00 551.76 553.92 560.70 562.88 565.06 563.30 564.06 563.05 548.23

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wiiolesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)^
Goods-producing
Service-producing

378.67 380.30 384.60 382.59 387.23 387.37 388.68 395.21 390.98 393.81 399.19 399.30 401.28
580.07 584.60 588.06 583.05 601.90 596.51 597.40 605.01 599.07 607.35 609.20 600.01 605.09
509.57 511.87 516.67 512.45 519.94 518.58 519.73 531.35 522.96 524.93 532.68 534.00 533.76
238.71 239.29 239.87 239.62 243.28 242.50 244.49 245.65 245.94 248.53 249.97 250.27 252.88
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(5)
258.54 259.44 260.73 259.11 261.47 260.92 261.49 265.30 263.62 266.00 268.25 267.72
352.67 353.73 350.99 351.40 351.71 352.46 355.19 355.12 358.14 359.37 359.15 356.04
233.75 234.61 236.97 235.44 237.71 237.21 237.58 241.42 238.69 240.42 243.71 243.92

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction: and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wager Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




(4)
(4)
(4)

^ Not available.
® These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

All employees
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Total

120,472 121,436 122,940 123,596 124,623

Total private

100,522 101,483 102,838 103,382 104,404

82,251

83,107

83,976

84,452

85,351

560

423

427

424

431

432

50.8

41.4
6.9
12.3

41.2
6.9
12.3

38.8
6.7
12.1

38.8
6.8
12.0

_

75.9
70.7

76.2
70.9

72.7
68.0

72.9
68.0

227.8
76.2
148.4

228.9
75.3
150.4

237.9
74.8
159.6

241.6
80.7
157.4

-

77.7
30.2

80.8
31.9

74.2
28.8

77.4
29.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

Mining

562

567

559

559

-

-

-

-

-

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

53.5
8.4
16.1

53.6
8.4
16.2

50.8
8.2
16.1

60.8
8.2
15.9

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

92.4
86.2

92.6
86.4

89.1
83.6

89.0
83.3

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

312.7
133.1
175.5

313.8
132.2
177.5

319.9
127.7
188.1

316.2
126.5
185.5

314.1

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

103.1
39.0
33.8
12.2

106.7
40.7
35.3
12.3

99.3
37.6
32.5
11.6

102.6
38.5
33.8
12.3

106.7

5,204

5,437

5,341

5,395

5,659

3,968

4,184

4,054

4,096

852.4
417.9
10.7
423.8

882.0
433.3
10.8
437.9

889.7
440.8
10.4
438.5

891.7
445.4
10.5
435.8

561.9
144.3
417.6

620.3
179.5
440.8

528.6
126.7
401.9

557.3
138.7
418.6

-

2,553.4
558.9
141.5
506.5
372.9
182.2
168.1

2,681.9
566.1
155.7
509.3
388.6
187.1
182.4

2,635.3
572.6
145.5
543.4
392.4
192.5
162.9

2,646.9
570.8
146.4
542.0
397.4
190.7
158.8

-

12,858

12,873

12,864

Construction

-

88.3
-

-

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,227.1
626.3
26.2
574.6

1,260.1
643.9
26.9
589.3

1,285.0
658.7
26.7
599.6

1,291.9
667.0
27.4
597.5

1,330.4

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

685.3
186.6
498.7

746.7
222.9
523.8

654.1
169.9
484.2

682.2
182.7
499.5

756.4

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,291.7 3,430.1 3,401.9 3,420.8
781.5
783.3
771.0
762.5
182.1
180.0
189.6
174.8
690.3
650.8
690.9
645.4
466.2
455.7
461.3
438.2
254.1
254.0
246.5
241.6
207.9
211.3
213.4
229.1

3,572.3

Manufacturing

-

—

-

18,397

18,409

18,608

18,626

18,628

12,705

12,712

-

—

—

_

4,349
-

-

—

10,821

10,836

11,052

11,069

11,082

7,422

7,434

7,595

7,613

7,619

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Mill work, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

780.5
75.0
183.9
146.6
35.4
290.2
115.8
79.8
27.9
30.0
53.2
88.3
67.5
89.9

786.3
74.6
185.2
147.6
35.6
292.1
116.4
80.4
27.9
30.0
53.7
90.3
68.6
90.4

791.6
75.0
186.6
147.6
37.0
297.2
117.4
83.7
28.2
29.6
53.8
89.6
67.8
89.4

793.8
72.7
186.7
147.7
37.0
300.4
118.6
84.1
29.0
29.6
53.7
90.9
69.0
89.4

798.2

641.1
59.4
160.3
127.2
31.5
232.4
88.9
63.9
23.7
28.0
45.4
70.4
56.2
73.2

646.4
59.0
161.2
128.1
31.4
234.5
89.4
64.8
23.9
27.9
45.8
72.3
57.3
73.6

650.6
59.3
162.2
127.7
32.8
238.6
90.7
67.6
24.1
27.0
46.1
71.2
56.4
73.2

652.5
57.1
162.6
128.0
32.9
241.2
91.8
67.8
24.7
27.1
45.9
72.7
57.7
73.0

655.6

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

507.1
276.9
124.0
86.2
21.4
33.1

506.1
276.0
124.3
86.0
21.0
33.0

519.1
280.6
122.9
88.7
?? ?
35.7

521.1
281.9
123.5
88.4
22.8
35.7

523.0

402.1
233.5
107.5
72.5
17.8
25.4

401.4
232.9
107.7
72.6
17.5
25.4

413.6
237.8
106.6
75.2
18.9
27.8

415.5
238.9
107.0
75.0
19.4
27.8

417.1

Durable goods




-

-

_
-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
uoae

Production workers^

All employees
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

l^r.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

252
253
254
259

61.2
44.3
86.2
38.5

61.2
44.4
85.6
38.9

63.8
46.0
88.6
40.1

63.6
46.5
89.0
40.1

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products .
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

529.5
15.5
70.5
25.9
44.6
57.6
17.1
32.9
39.6
205.6
17.3
71.3
99.5
76.1
19.4
2.6
23.7

538.8
15.4
71.0
25.9
45.1
57.7
17.2
33.2
39.7
213.6
18.0
72.3
105.9
76.3
19.5
2.7
23.7

530.1
15.2
71.8
25.0
46.8
57.8
17.4
31.7
38.2
203.8
17.1
71.7
97.3
75.1
19.4
2.6
23.3

534.7
15.2
71.8
24.8
47.0
58.5
17.4
31.4
38.3
207.0
17.4
72.8
99.1
75.8
19.6
2.6
23.6

547.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

708.9
235.9
163.8
26.7
129.8
82.4
3.8
26.3
38.9
22.4
168.2
22.5
21.5
72.6
90.5
24.5

708.5
234.8
163.0
26.6
130.3
82.6
3.8
26.4
38.9
22.3
168.4
22.4
21.6
72.4
90.5
24.5

720.0
236.1
162.5
27.7
135.5
84.2
3.9
28.3
39.0
22.2
168.6
22.4
20.9
72.8
93.4
25.4

719.9
235.8
162.2
27.7
135.7
83.9
3.9
28.7
39.1
22.3
168.8
22.3
21.2
72.7
93.0
25.3

717.8
234.7

1,461.0
38.1
30.8
126.1
43.2
70.7
57.9
23.5
20.3
443.2
76.1
74.9
101.3
119.6
29.8
102.7
53.4
49.3
253.2
31.2
116.2
94.6

1,463.8
38.0
30.7
126.0
43.2
70.4
58.5
23.4
20.9
444.9
76.0
75.6
101.1
120.0
30.3
103.2
53.7
49.5
253.6
31.5
115.5
95.3

1,492.5
37.3
30.2
127.6
43.2
71.8
59.4
23.7
21.3
451.3
76.7
75.7
102.8
123.1
30.6
107.2
56.2
51.0
258.6
33.0
115.9
98.1

1,491.4
37.3
30.2
127.7
43.1
72.0
59.3
24.0
21.0
449.9
76.5
75.3
101.8
122.5
30.8
107.6
56.5
51.1
257.9
33.1
115.5
97.6

1,492.0

A l u m i n u m foundries

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws .
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc .
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forging s and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec




34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

-

_

-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
—

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
199BP

45.2
34.9
63.3
25.2

45.1
35.1
62.8
25.5

47.3
35.9
66.1
26.5

47.1
36.3
66.5
26.7

411.1
12.5
59.0
23.2
35.8
44.7
13.1
25.8
31.5
155.7
10.8
53.6
77.6
58.3
15.4
2.2

419.2
12.4
58.9
23.2
35.7
44.9
13.1
26.0
31.5
163.2
11.5
54.6
83.3
58.5
15.5
2.2

413.0
12.2
59.5
22.4
37.1
45.0
13.2
24.6
29.9
155.3
10.8
54.7
75.8
58.0
15.5
2.2

416.7
12.2
59.4
22.1
37.3
45.7
13.2
24.3
30.0
158.2
11.1
55.8
77.2
58.5
15.7
2.1

-

-

-

-

Apr.
1998P

-

428.2
-

_
-

_
-

_

-

553.2
181.3
126.7
20.3
106.5
68.3
2.9
21.6
30.2
18.1
128.4
17.7
15.9
54.9
73.4
20.0

553.2
180.9
126.6
20.2
106.9
68.4
2.9
21.8
30.0
18.0
128.6
17.6
16.0
54.8
73.5
20.1

565.3
183.0
126.9
21.0
111.2
69.6
3.0
23.2
30.2
18.0
129.6
18.0
15.7
55.5
75.7
20.8

565.4
182.6
126.6
21.0
111.5
69.4
3.0
23.6
30.3
18.2
129.9
18.0
16.0
55.4
75.3
20.7

563.5
181.2

1,101.3
32.6
26.7
95.6
33.4
53.7
41.2
17.0
13.5
325.1
56.0
55.3
73.4
92.2
21.0
80.6
43.4
37.2
202.9
23.9
96.8
73.6

1,103.7
32.5
26.6
95.8
33.4
53.6
41.6
16.9
13.9
326.6
55.9
55.9
73.0
92.6
21.6
81.1
43.8
37.3
203.1
24.2
95.9
74.4

1,129.1
31.7
26.1
98.8
33.3
55.9
42.0
17.2
14.0
330.7
56.2
55.4
74.8
94.5
22.4
84.4
45.9
38.5
205.8
25.4
95.6
76.0

1,128.0
31.6
26.0
98.6
33.2
55.8
41.8
17.4
13.5
329.2
56.2
55.1
73.6
93.8
22.5
84.9
46.2
38.7
205.0
25.4
95.2
75.5

1,127.6

-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'"

All employees
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

140.0
86.1
53.9
44.2
22.8
255.6
25.2
55.1

140.1
86.4
53.7
43.5
22.4
256.0
25.3
55.3

146.0
90.4
55.6
41.3
21.7
263.8
25.8
55.6

146.5
90.5
56.0
41.3
21.7
263.9
25.7
55.4

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec ....

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

2,142.3
82.4
24.2
58.2
108.7
76.8
236.1
86.8
16.7
42.8
41.4
30.0
349.3
41.8
17.4
167.8
53.3
22.3
175.7
14.9
21.9
25.6
256.9
30.5
39.7
25.8
35.4
17.5
21.3
371.5
193.6

2,145.7
82.9
24.3
58.6
108.5
76.2
236.7
87.1
16.8
43.1
41.4
30.0
348.8
41.9
17.3
167.9
53.3
21.6
175.1
14.8
21.8
25.4
257.0
30.7
39.7
25.6
35.3
17.5
21.4
373.4
193.6

2,198.5
82.4
24.2
58.2
108.2
79.2
249.5
90.4
16.5
49.7
42.6
31.3
353.6
42.3
17.7
171.2
54.2
20.8
183.4
15.3
22.5
25.3
262.6
30.3
40.6
26.2
36.0
18.4
22.1
385.1
200.4

2,200.6
82.4
24.1
58.3
107.9
79.6
249.9
90.7
16.3
49.4
42.8
31.5
353.8
42.2
17.6
171.8
54.4
20.6
183.5
15.3
22.6
25.3
262.9
30.3
40.7
26.3
36.0
18.5
22.1
384.0
199.0

58.3
207.5
143.7
354.2
23.2
284.1

59.1
208.0
144.2
355.3
23.1
284.9

61.1
204.9
139.9
368.8
23.2
296.0

61.3
206.2
140.8
370.0
23.4
297.0

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

1,642.1
79.8
38.1
41.7
154.0
74.2
59.6
118.3
30.3
16.8
25.4

1,638.3
79.8
37.9
41.9
153.9
74.1
59.5
113.2
25.3
16.8
25.5

1,683.2
80.8
38.1
42.7
153.5
74.8
57.8
116.7
25.8
18.0
25.7

1,682.4
80.8
37.8
43.0
153.6
74.6
58.0
117.2
26.4
18.2
25.4

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products




3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

-

2,198.6
-

382.3
-

-

1,676.8
—

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

111.8
69.1
42.7
23.8
9.5
187.7
18.8
41.7

112.0
69.5
42.5
23.3
9.3
187.7
18.6
41.8

118.0
73.9
44.1
23.2
9.9
194.5
19.1
41.9

118.8
74.2
44.6
23.3
9.8
194.8
19.0
41.8

1,349.8
53.0
13.8
39.2
80.2
55.4
153.4
59.5
9.9
28.9
23.4
20.6
248.9
26.0
11.2
128.2
37.2
15.6
98.4
10.0
12.5
15.3
164.6
17.4
31.3
15.0
23.9
12.4
15.0
136.4
61.8

1,354.0
53.6
13.7
39.9
80.2
55.1
153.6
59.6
10.0
29.1
23.2
20.6
249.1
26.1
11.1
128.6
37.4
15.1
98.6
10.0
12.4
15.2
164.5
17.5
31.2
14.9
23.8
12.4
15.0
138.3
62.3

1,390.4
51.9
13.7
38.2
79.5
57.6
163.0
62.3
9.8
33.9
23.2
21.6
253.9
26.9
11.1
131.6
38.6
14.7
100.1
10.1
12.7
15.0
168.6
17.6
31.7
15.2
24.4
13.3
15.5
147.4
70.2

1,392.0
52.1
13.6
38.5
79.2
58.1
163.4
62.8
9.8
33.5
23.1
22.0
254.1
26.7
11.0
131.7
38.9
14.6
100.1
10.1
12.8
15.2
169.1
17.7
31.7
15.3
24.5
13.4
15.6
147.0
70.4

22.9
150.0
109.9
264.9
18.2
217.4

23.7
150.5
110.5
265.6
18.2
217.9

23.8
147.7
106.7
278.3
18.6
228.6

24.0
148.4
107.2
278.6
18.8
228.6

1,042.7
54.3
26.8
27.5
107.2
57.6
35.0
94.0
24.4
13.2
19.7

1,038.8
54.5
26.8
27.7
107.2
57.7
34.8
88.9
19.6
13.3
19.7

1,067.3
54.9
26.3
28.6
106.7
57.9
33.6
92.4
20.3
14.3
19.3

1,066.0
54.8
25.9
28.9
106.9
58.1
33.7
93.1
20.9
14.6
19.0

Apr.
1998P

-

1,389.1
-

-

1,061.8
—

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

All employees
Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

177.4
22.6
61.6
17.5
20.3
79.1
53.6
269.7
112.3
614.3
22.7
257.4
138.0
149.5
27.3
66.6

177.2
22.6
61.5
17.7
20.0
78.4
53.5
270.3
113.1
617.0
22.4
258.3
138.9
148.5
27.1
66.5

180.1
22.5
62.7
17.6
20.7
75.6
52.1
276.2
117.7
653.1
22.8
279.1
143.2
147.2
26.0
67.1

180.8
22.5
63.3
17.8
20.4
75.9
52.3
274.4
118.0
652.7
23.1
278.1
143.2
147.0
26.0
67.2

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,812.1
969.2
340.1
39.8
535.7
34.9
489.9
259.4
98.2
132.3
151.3
96.3
55.0
35.2
90.3
62.6
53.4
21.6

1,809.5
960.3
331.7
40.6
534.2
35.2
495.1
261.5
99.9
133.7
152.5
96.3
56.2
34.9
90.1
62.5
53.6
21.8

1,876.5
990.9
341.8
41.8
546.2
40.8
529.5
278.4
103.0
148.1
151.6
94.2
57.4
35.2
90.7
63.1
53.9
22.8

1,878.5
992.3
345.0
42.5
543.1
41.2
526.7
278.1
100.2
148.4
154.4
95.6
58.8
35.5
90.6
63.2
54.3
23.0

1,881.1
993.2

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

852.5
160.3
299.4
41.4
66.5
76.3
266.1
103.6
92.1
34.9
84.2
7.6

853.4
160.7
300.0
41.2
66.6
76.7
266.5
103.5
92.2
34.5
84.2
7.5

858.3
162.0
302.2
39.3
66.8
79.7
269.8
104.2
93.9
36.6
80.0
7.7

861.3
161.2
304.9
40.8
66.8
79.8
271.2
104.5
94.4
36.3
80.1
7.6

860.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

384.9
48.1
36.0
15.7
111.2
38.4
72.8
31.5
23.5
13.2
154.9
66.8

385.8
48.1
36.0
15.7
111.8
39.2
72.6
31.1
23.7
13.4
155.4
66.6

382.4
46.9
35.1
16.4
105.4
36.5
68.9
30.6
23.5
13.1
159.6
69.7

385.0
47.5
35.6
16.6
105.5
36.3
69.2
31.1
23.3
12.9
161.0
70.0

386.3

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




-

648.4
-

-

527.9
-

-

-

—

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

127.2
17.5
40.1
13.5
15.3
50.9
31.8
128.6
56.7
371.9
16.3
117.6
92.9
108.6
21.1
53.2

126.7
17.6
40.0
13.5
15.0
50.5
31.5
128.4
56.7
375.1
16.2
118.5
93.9
107.5
20.9
52.9

128.7
17.4
41.6
13.1
15.6
48.6
30.9
130.2
56.5
399.5
16.8
129.4
98.9
106.3
20.1
52.0

128.5
17.3
41.7
13.2
15.3
48.5
30.8
127.9
55.4
400.6
17.1
129.8
98.9
105.7
20.2
51.6

1,229.7
765.4
260.5
31.9
429.1
28.3
241.9
107.3
52.1
82.5
115.5
69.4
46.1
26.8
24.2
15.3
38.9
18.2

1,227.8
757.4
253.4
32.4
427.7
28.3
245.9
108.5
53.5
83.9
117.6
70.7
46.9
26.4
24.2
15.3
39.2
18.4

1,272.5
778.2
258.3
33.2
436.9
33.1
270.6
118.9
55.8
95.9
115.3
67.3
48.0
26.9
24.3
15.4
39.5
19.2

1,279.7
779.2
260.5
33.7
434.3
33.5
273.8
118.6
59.2
96.0
117.5
68.3
49.2
27.3
24.3
15.4
40.0
19.5

1,277.6
777.9

420.7
43.6
153.5
27.6
34.0
33.1
156.4
66.8
56.7
21.6
39.3
6.3

419.5
43.4
153.4
27.5
34.0
33.0
156.1
66.7
56.6
21.1
39.3
6.2

426.1
42.4
155.3
26.9
34.5
33.7
159.4
66.9
58.5
24.1
38.5
6.4

427.9
42.4
156.8
27.8
34.2
33.9
159.9
67.2
58.7
24.1
38.4
6.3

427.2

270.1
32.9
24.2
12.4
76.9
24.8
52.1
21.4
16.6
9.3
109.9
43.9

270.4
33.0
24.2
12.4
77.7
25.7
52.0
20.7
16.4
9.1
110.2
43.8

267.3
32.4
23.9
12.9
71.7
23.0
48.7
21.0
16.8
9.6
112.5
45.5

269.5
32.6
24.1
13.1
72.0
23.0
49.0
21.6
16.6
9.4
113.6
45.4

271.5

-

-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

-

_
_
-

_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products.
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
206
2051
2052.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers^

Ail employees
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

7.576
1.653.0
479.8
146.8
95.2
237.8
141.7
40.1
61.7
208.6
18.7
59.6
42.4
125.4
19.0
40.3
206.9
147.6

7.573
1.648.4
479.9
146.4
95.0
238.5
142.2
40.0
61.7
209.3
18.5
60.9
42.5
125.0
18.6
40.4
205.5
147.9

7.556
1,669.2
487.0
151.2
95.7
240.1
140.7
39.9
61.7
205.3
18.4
56.2
43.9
125.3
19.3
40.4
209.0
151.1

7,557
1.668.6
487.9
151.6
96.0
240.3
142.2
40.1
61.9
205.1
18.4
56.6
43.3
125.3
19.2
40.4
208.3
150.7

7,546
1,666.1

5,283
1,221.0
406.8
122.1
73.7
211.0
93.8
32.7
34.9
171.9
14.7
47.2
36.7
89.5
11.9
25.8
138.2
89.4

5,278
1,216.3
406.5
121.2
73.2
212.1
94.2
32.7
35.0
172.3
14.5
48.3
36.5
89.0
11.6
25.7
138.4
89.8

5,263
1,235.4
412.9
126.6
73.6
212.7
94.7
32.5
35.9
169.4
14.7
44.5
37.9
89.7
12.0
26.5
139.7
90.9

5,260
1,234.4
413.6
126.7
74.6
212.3
96.2
32.6
36.2
168.8
14.4
45.1
37.3
89.7
11.8
26.5
139.7
91.2

5,245
1,230.0

59.3
93.7
5.1
4.3
7.3
51.7
30.7
177.0
34.7
93.7
189.2

57.6
89.4
4.3
4.3
7.4
48.8
30.9
177.6
34.7
93.9
188.6

57.9
100.1
6.6
4.3
8.9
54.4
32.1
178.5
33.8
93.7
191.2

57.6
96.4
6.6
4.2
7.5
52.9
31.9
179.6
33.9
94.5
191.9

48.8
74.0
4.0
3.3
6.3
41.8
22.1
85.0
22.3
38.4
139.7

48.6
69.6
3.2
3.2
6.4
38.8
22.3
85.7
22.3
38.8
138.3

48.8
78.9
5.3
3.2
7.8
42.9
22.3
87.3
21.4
38.6
140.5

48.5
75.1
5.2
3.1
6.6
41.3
22.3
88.3
21.5
39.4
140.7

31.3
20.7

28.9
21.0

33.2
20.5

31.7
20.4

518.3
64.3
53.9
12.6
17.3
149.5
17.9
34.2
45.2
15.7
19.1
53.9
25.1
17.0
49.6
77.9
57.2
14.4
39.3

517.1
63.6
54.1
12.6
17.4
149.5
17.8
34.1
45,3
15.6
19.3
53.7
25.1
16.9
49.5
77.7
57.2
14.2
39.0

506.0
62.4
56.2
9.6
17.0
140.0
16.4
32.2
42.4
11.9
20.0
52.5
24.5
16.5
53.1
76.4
55.9
14.1
38.8

505.2
61.5
55.5
11.7
17.0
138.7
16.4
32.2
42.1
11.1
19.8
52.2
24.4
16.3
53.3
75.9
55.8
13.8
39.4

504.8

673.5
25.3
181.3
38.8
61.9
27.3
196.1
20.2
30.0
17.8
128.1

671.2
24.6
181.5
38.8
61.9
27.5
194.6
20.5
30.1
18.8
125.2

631.1
24.2
164.3
35.4
57.5
25.3
182.0
17.3
28.3
18.3
118.1

630.6
23.8
165.7
35.8
57.6
25.0
181.4
17.5
28.5
18.5
116.9

623.8

-

-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

40.8
27.9

38.5
28.1

42.3
27.4

40.7
27.3

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

611.0
72.3
64.1
14.7
20.8
174.0
20.5
39.1
52.9
17.6
22.9
66.0
30.7
21.3
60.8
87.6
63.9
16.7
50.7

608.9
71.5
64.3
14.6
21.0
173.7
20.3
38.8
53.2
17.5
23.0
65.6
30.6
21.1
60.4
87.5
63.9
16.5
50.3

595.8
69.8
66.1
12.0
20.6
163.8
18.8
36.9
49.4
13.5
23.7
63.9
29.9
20.4
63.2
86.2
62.4
16.6
50.2

594.5
68.8
65.6
13.9
20.7
162.4
18.7
36.9
49.2
12.5
23.5
63.5
29.7
20.2
63.6
85.3
62.1
16.1
50.7

594.2

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outenvear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

822.8
31.2
214.3
45.5
71.9
32.0
241.0
25.9
38.1
22.8
154.2

820.7
30.3
214.7
45.3
71.9
32.2
240.0
26.1
38.3
24.1
151.5

778.6
29.8
195.0
40.8
66.9
29.5
226.6
22.6
36.7
23.6
143.7

778.7
29.4
195.8
41.3
66.3
29.3
227.3
22.8
37.0
23.9
143.6

773.6




39.6
-

-

_
-

-

-

_
-

-

-

30.9
-

-

_
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

All employees

Production workers'"
Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.7
27.1
10.6
30.1
11.6
33.5
215.7
19.6
54.8
58.6

37.6
27.0
10.6
30.1
11.5
33.7
215.2
19.9
54.7
58.4

34.7
25.6
9.1
27.9
10.5
32.2
214.4
18.3
56.3
58.5

34.1
25.1
9.0
26.6
10.1
32.0
215.6
18.2
56.7
58.8

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

673.1
158.5
48.7
216.8
129.8
17.3
48.1
236.9
45.6
38.6
24.0

672.9
158.9
48.6
216.8
129.7
17.3
48.1
236.8
45.7
38.7
24.1

675.3
156.5
49.3
217.2
131.4
16.5
47.6
240.7
47.3
39.0
24.7

674.8
155.9
49.1
216.5
130.6
16.5
47.6
241.7
47.4
39.1
24.7

672.4

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,533.9
442.0
131.8
124.6
84.9
39.7
86.7
563.6
366.2
177.6
44.6
64.6
49.7

1,538.7
442.8
132.0
124.6
85.0
39.6
87.8
566.6
367.4
179.0
44.5
64.4
49.5

1,553.6
450.5
134.7
124.0
84.6
39.4
91.9
568.1
370.2
178.6
44.2
64.6
48.2

1,552.5
448.5
135.2
123.6
84.7
38.9
92.3
569.5
370.8
179.3
44.1
64.5
48.2

1,553.9

1.025.6
116.9
71.8
156.9
76.0
48.2
259.7
206.4
151.9
39.6
41.2
71.1
53.0
142.0
25.9
113.4
52.2
93.0

1,026.0
116.7
71.6
156.6
76.3
47.7
259.8
206.2
151.8
39.5
41.2
71.1
53.3
142.2
26.0
113.5
52.6
93.0

1,024.2
115.1
69.9
153.4
77.1
46.7
262.6
209.2
154.2
39.3
42.4
72.5
53.7
140.6
25.9
112.0
50.7
93.9

1.026.3
114.8
69.8
152.7
77.5
46.4
263.0
208.9
154.9
39.4
42.4
73.1
53.9
142.0
26.0
113.3
51.0
94.0

1.025.0

Nondurable goods--Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .... 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

-

_
-

--

-

_
-

-

-

_
-

_
-

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

136.5
97.2
24.9

138.1
97.2
26.6

130.6
92.5
23.4

132.0
92.9
24.3

134.0

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

986.4
78.0
6.6
69.0
28.0
114.9
717.7

987.4
77.9
6.9
69.2
28.0
114.8
718.6

999.6
79.1
6.7
72.7
28.9
116.0
725.1

1,002.5
79.5
6.7
72.4
28.9
116.2
727.7

1,001.5

See footnotes at end of table.




-

-

_

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

29.9
22.3
7.6
24.8
9.9
27.1
173.6
15.5
46.6
46.8

29.9
22.2
7.7
24.9
9.9
27.3
173.2
15.7
46.4
46.8

27.4
20.7
6.7
22.9
9.1
25.5
170.6
14.0
47.6
45.6

27.0
20.3
6.7
21.7
8.7
25.6
171.3
14.1
47.9
45.8

512.6
123.3
37.2
168.0
97.2
15.4
39.0
174.4
23.4
29.9
18.8

512.2
123.5
37.0
167.9
96.9
15.4
39.0
174.3
23.5
30.1
18.7

515.1
122.3
38.1
168.3
98.2
14.8
38.6
177.2
24.9
30.6
19.3

513.9
122.0
38.0
167.6
97.5
14.8
38.6
177.1
24.6
30.7
19.2

513.3

835.1
148.0
44.7
66.1
34.7
31.4
40.1
402.3
260.3
126.3
31.3
49.8
34.1

838.7
147.9
45.2
66.3
34.9
31.4
40.3
405.2
261.6
127.4
31.2
49.5
33.8

840.3
149.4
46.0
64.3
33.0
31.3
43.4
404.5
263.3
126.1
31.6
49.0
32.4

837.3
148.2
45.3
63.2
32.4
30.8
43.2
405.5
263.7
126.6
31.6
48.9
32.3

835.4

566.2
54.8
35.9
105.3
47.7
37.5
117.4
95.6
92.3
21.6
22.7
48.0
28.2
80.9
15.9
63.0
31.3
56.0

565.4
54.4
35.7
105.1
47.9
37.2
116.8
95.0
92.7
21.6
22.8
48.3
28.4
80.6
15.8
62.8
31.5
55.9

576.5
60.2
35.4
103.3
48.3
37.0
119.6
96.8
96.0
21.8
23.8
50.4
28.5
81.5
15.7
63.8
30.8
56.6

577.2
60.4
35.4
102.7
48.0
36.8
119.9
97.0
96.2
21.6
24.0
50.6
28.5
82.0
15.7
64.3
31.1
56.4

577.1

89.0
63.0
18.1

91.3
63.9
19.7

84.6
59.6
17.0

85.6
60.1
17.5

764.9
57.2
5.6
52.8
21.7
88.4
560.9

765.7
57.5
5.5
53.0
21.7
88.2
561.5

775.8
57.7
5.2
56.4
22.8
89.1
567.4

778.6
58.3
5.1
56.0
22.7
89.3
569.9

Apr.
1998P

-

-

_
-

-

-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

_
-

87.2

_
-

778.1
-

_
_
-

_
-

Industry

NondurabiG goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
f\/len's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities

Production workers^

All employees
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

85.4

93.3
13.0
42.8
22.1
12.1
10.8
9.5

92.9
13.2
42.5
21.9
12.1
11.0
9.2

86.9
13.1
37.5
20.5
9.6
11.4
8.8

86.1
12.9
37.5
20.4
9.7
11.2
8.7

6,353

6,384

6,479

6,508

6,528

4,123

4,151

4,219

4,236

4,253

-

Mar.
1997

5,347

5,375

5,369

5,386

-

-

-

-

-

-

41
411
412
413
416

467.3
223.3
31.3
26.9
151.9

471.0
225.3
31.3
27.2
152.5

476.3
230.2
32.2
27.1
153.7

480.5
231.5
32.2
27.9
154.1

474.7

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,640.1
1,476.2
159.5

1,651.7
1,488.2
159.0

1,683.2
1,516.6
162.2

1,690.2
1,522.1
163.8

1,709.5

1,426.7
1,290.1
132.6

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nec
Water transportation services

44
444
449

169.9
14.3
113.6

175.7
14.6
118.3

170.3
14.7
116.1

173.3
14.6
118.7

176.4

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,176.4
1,013.9
522.2
117

1,179.5
1,015.2
523.7
118

1,205.5
1,032.0
543.3
127

1,205.5
1,030.1
542.7
128

1,204.4

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

14.2

14.2

14.1

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

431.6
221.0
174.5
163.6

434.2
221.8
175.0
164.6

2,230

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings




50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

5,412

-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

49
491
492
493
495

—

-

229.6

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

-

-

228.0
201.4

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

—

-

-

227.9
201.3

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services

64.4

65.3
10.7
30.0
15.9
7.5
7.7
5.0

225.0
199.9

Communications and public utilities

Apr.
1998P

65.3
10.6
29.9
15.9
7.5
7.8
5.2

223.8
198.9

-

Mar.
1998P

70.9
10.8
34.2
17.1
9.8
8.2
5.4

40
4011

-

Feb.
1998

71.4
10.7
34.3
17.3
9.7
8.0
5.8

Railroad transportation
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^

—

Apr.
1997

—

429.0
202.7

432.1
204.8

436.2
208.8

440.7
210.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

24.5

24.2

24.2

24.8

-

—

—

1,438.5
1,302.3
132.1

1,469.1
1,330.3
134.9

1,476.8
1,336.3
136.6

-

—

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

99.8

104.5

101.6

103.9

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

14.1

14.1

11.5

11.5

11.4

11.5

-

441.9
216.8
174.0
174.8

443.9
219,0
175.2
174.8

444.2

351.9
184.3
145.7
128.7

353.4
185.2
146.3
128.6

361.1
182.0
146.3
137.3

363.1
184.4
147.5
136.9

2,233

2,260

2,272

2,275

1,358.9
909.5
773.4
248.8
117.8
131.0
178.5

1,363.3
913.3
774.9
248.6
117.6
131.0
179.5

1,402.4
947.6
794.9
250.8
120.4
130.4
181.5

1,412.9
954.4
800.7
251.5
120.2
131.3
184.5

1,419.0

871.1
379.4
143.7
160.9
154.5

869.8
377.9
143.2
161.1
154.9

858.0
372.6
140.5
157.9
153.9

859.2
374.0
140.8
157.2
153.7

856.3

6,571

6,601

6,735

6,765

3,877
506.1
141.1
289.6
159.6
75.7
83.9

3,895
507.4
141.0
290.2
159.5
75.6
83.9

4,019
512.3
145.8
290.2
165.9
79.8
86.1

4,039
513.3
146.7
289.8
167.4
80.3
87.1

-

-

-

-

1,064.2
696.8
588.1
207.2

-

1,066.8
697.5
586.2
207.1

-

1,029.6
662.6
548.8
207.5

-

1,030.1
661.1
548.1
207.7

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

149.0

151.3

149.4

151.2

690.8
301.8
111.3
124.9
127.3

690.6
301.2
110.8
125.1
127.8

683.0
299.3
109.0
122.6
125.9

683.2
300.2
109.1
122.0
125.5

6,798

5,299

5,317

5,394

5,411

4,056

3,090
413.1

3,098
414.0

3,170
410.7

3,179
410.6

-

-

-

-

_
-

5,438

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

127.1

127.0

132.1

132.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade--Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nec
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nec
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

AH employees
Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

246.6
126.3
37.8
844.9
199.4
328.3
179.1
144.2
531.6
225.2
48.6
257.8
301.6
105.7
119.3
815.8
86.1
120.8
331.5
151.5
327.0
130.3

249.8
127.5
37.9
845.0
200.4
327.0
178.8
144.8
533.8
226.6
48.8
258.4
301.7
105.7
119.3
822.1
87.1
123.3
332.9
151.9
330.5
130.9

249.7
129.8
37.1
882.0
211.1
340.8
186.4
147.9
559.9
239.0
49.3
271.6
304.6
108.1
119.4
846.3
91.0
123.3
345.6
156.8
350.8
138.9

252.6
130.3
37.3
887.4
213.1
344.4
186.7
148.1
562.5
239.7
49.4
273.4
305.5
108.4
119.6
850.0
91.4
124.9
346.2
157.5
352.6
139.1

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2.694
263.8
151.6
211.0
222.0
899.3
283.0
56.6
102.1
102.9
146.4
158.8
65.1
93.7
155.1
100.5
54.6
534.3
167.3

2,706
262.2
149.9
210.8
223.3
899.2
283.4
57.2
101.5
103.3
147.3
158.8
65.4
93.4
155.1
100.7
54.4
546.0
175.9

2.716
261.4
150.9
213.3
221.2
911.5
289.6
56.9
98.2
102.8
144.7
162.3
67.9
94.4
154.7
100.3
54.4
544.3
168.6

2,726
262.3
151.8
213.7
222.5
911.3
290.3
56.8
95.7
102.8
145.1
161.7
67.5
94.2
155.2
100.8
54.4
551.5
173.8

2,742

21,494

21,750

21,925

21,989

22,247

Retail trade

-

203.0

206.0

206.0

Mar.
1998P

208.8

Apr.
1998P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

667.1

-

-

-

664.5
-

-

145.1
116.5
399.4

684.4
-

-

-

145.1
116.9
399.3

150.1
119.7
409.6

685.5

-

-

-

-

-

150.6
119.4
409.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

245.7

245.7

247.5

248.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

652.9

656.8

675.6

678.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

265.3

268.2

2,209
222.4
-

175.9
178.2
755.0

284.5
—

—

2,219
221.0
-

175.2
179.4
754.3

2,224
217.9
-

177.1
178.8
766.6

285.6
—

2,232
218.8
-

177.4
179.9
765.7

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

82.1
107.0
131.4

82.9
107.7
131.1

82.3
105.7
133.9

82.6
105.6
132.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

888.3
542.2
64.5
162.7
80.5

936.9
567.0
65.6
164.5
100.8

893.1
552.6
67.4
161.8
70.0

917.5
564.7
67.5
163.6
79.4

956.4

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,674.1
2,351.7
133.0
189.4

2.682.2
2,355.5
134.8
191.9

2,760.8
2,423.4
134.5
202.9

2,763.3
2,426.1
135.4
201.8

2,776.5
2,439.0

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,430.3 3,438.9
3,016.3 3,019.5
47.9
46.6
14.6
13.5
203.1
200.3

3,501.0 3,492.1
3,056.0 3,045.0
48.0
48.4
14.9
15.5
215.6
217.4

3,496.2

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,292.8
1,051.5

2,309.5
1,057.9

2,339.1
1,063.2




Feb.
1998

-

52
521
523
525
526

2,319.9
1,059.8

Apr.
1997

-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

2,309.0
1,053.5

Mar.
1997

-

-

-

125.1
-

125.3
-

124.5
-

125.1

-

-

-

441.9

437.6

443.9

18,887

19,115

19,231

19,296

735.7
456.7
49.7
133.6
65.5

781.4
479.5
50.6
135.5
84.9

734.5
462.7
52.0
132.2
55.2

757.1
473.8
51.8
133.9
64.4

2,483.7
2,208.1
112.9
162.7

2,490.0
2,210.2
114.6
165.2

2,548.2
2,261.1
112.7
174.4

2,555.5
2,268.3
114.1
173.1

3,109.2
2,756.2

3,113.1
2,755.7

3,172.2
2,791.0

3,163.0
2,781.3

432.1

-

-

-

—

19,504
—

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

175.1

177.9

188.3

189.9

1,919.4
881.6

1,932.9
883.3

1,919.1
885.9

1,926.2
887.4

—

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'"

All employees
Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

553
554
559

386.3
665.8
9.5

392.3
668.6
9.7

398.2
662.1
10.2

400.3
663.4
10.2

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,071.1
78.9
287.1
331.0
199.3

1,075.3
78.3
290.8
331.6
197.8

1,067.9
75.6
281.6
338.5
196.3

1,062.4
75.8
278.8
337.7
193.2

1,069.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,014.7
527.2
314.7
71.0
416.5
188.8
81.5

1,015.3
529.2
314.9
70.5
415.6
186.5
81.8

1,070.8
546.0
327.5
68.9
455.9
206.2
86.0

1,069.8
548.0
330.2
68.8
453.0
204.2
86.2

1,068.6

Eating and drinking places

58

7,386.1

7,550.3

7,444.1

7,519.6

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

2,736.3 2,741.8
59
620.7
621.1
591
109.7
110.2
592
110.5
110.9
593
594
964.0
962.2
190.1
5941
188.2
120.9
5942
121.9
87.1
88.1
5943
141.1
5944
142.5
5947
204.3
205.1
51.6
51.5
5949
332.8
332.2
596
210.4
210.8
5961
67.4
66.9
5962
99.8
598
102.2
505.4
496.4
599
154.3
5992,3.4
150.5
70.1
70.1
5995
281.0
275.8
5999

2,878.0
643.9
111.4
118.9
1,011.2
202.7
130.3
91.2
149.2
211.0
51.1
351.8
228.0
66.6
103.7
537.1
177.5
76.6
283.0

6,951

6,985

3,359
2,030.3
1,476.0
593.2
882.8
253.5
143.0
110.5
167.6

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

Finance, insurance, and real estate^
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021.9
603
6035
6036
606

—

-

Feb.
1998

311.9
575.3
8.0

316.9
577.6
8.1

305.8
575.5
8.3

306.9
575.0
8.4

883.2
62.9
237.7
287.5
156.5

888.0
62.4
240.8
288.0
156.2

887.4
61.1
233.3
300.0
154.0

884.6
61.3
231.2
299.1
152.7

831.4
427.6

830.7
429.2

879.9
443.8

878.7
444.8

-

-

-

-

Apr.
1998P

-

-

-

56.6
344.9
155.7
66.7

56.0
380.1
172.3
71.7

55.9
378.0
170.5
72.7

7,689.4

6,646.3

6,797.6

6,687.5

6,763.0

-

2,844.4
644.9
111.8
119.5
996.6
200.1
123.3
92.1
145.4
209.6
51.4
352.0
227.7
67.3
102.5
517.1
155.5
77.5
284.1

2,851.6

2,277.7
513.5

2,281.7
513.3

2,402.1
540.1

2,367.4
540.6

-

7,131

7,175

7,219

3,370

3,481

3,500

3,513

2,032.2
1,477.5
596.0
881.5
253.2
142.7
110.5
168.5

2,055.4
1,493.9
612.0
881.9
251.0
142.1
108.9
174.3

2,059.4
1,495.9
614.0
881.9
251.6
142.3
109.3
175.3

2,062.1
1,497.2

61
614
615
616

535.4
162.5
110.0
241.3

539.0
163.3
111.0
243.3

569.0
169.6
118.9
258.6

578.6
169.9
119.9
266.1

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

576.7
436.2

580.1
438.9

621.0
465.5

625.7
468.4

622.3
628

24.8
115.7

24.7
116.5

26.2
129.3

26.3
131.0

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

216.1
109.0

218.5
109.3

235.3
115.1

236.5
115.2




-

Apr.
1997

57.2
346.6
158.0
66.5

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

See fcx)tnotes at end of table.

-

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

-

-

-

91.7
806.4

-

92.1
804.2

-

99.1
843.4

-

99.4
828.7

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

281.9

281.4

297.8

298.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

252.7

84.7
410.1
-

82.4
418.6
-

86.4
445.0
-

85.3
424.7
-

58.7
222.7

58.7
227.8

61.9
229.7

62.5
231.0

5,063

5,095

5,220

5,261

-

1,460.9
1,047.8
424.1
623.7

-

1,461.1
1,048.1
426.3
621.8

-

1,477.1
1,060.4
437.7
622.7

-

1,482.3
1,063.7
439.4
624.3

-

5,301
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

583.6
-

270.6

133.0
381.3
114.2

133.6
383.5
114.8

138.3
393.4
104.0

139.1
400.9
103.2

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

76.4

77.0

86.3

87.7

-

_

_

-

-

-

-

629.3

238.1
-

_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

1987
SIC
Code

63,64

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

2,215

2,217

2.255

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

2.264

2,269

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

—

—

1,077.1
330.4
270.4
223.0
367.9

1,081.6
330.1
269.2
223.0
373.1

—

—

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

—

—

—

1,142.6
334.8
275.5
229.3
414.1

1,150.2
335.4
277.3
231.0
417.4

Feb.
1998

1,498.3
502.9
330.4
269.2
529.4
68.7

1,499.3
503.7
329.0
268.9
530.5
68.9

1,524.9
507.3
339.9
278.7
531.0
74.6

1,533.0
509.1
341.9
280.5
532.8
76.1

1,539.2

64

717.0

717.7

730.2

730.6

730.0

-

-

65
651
653
655

1,377
570.6
664.6
108.9

1,398
580.2
670.1
114.6

1.395
571.9
678.4
108.2

1,411
575.3
687.8
110.4

1,437

34,990

35,350

36,060

36,365

36,765

30,559

30,882

31,426

31,698

32,051

482.6
149.0
293.5

564.2
150.6
373.4

473.1
154.9
276.9

505.3
155.8
308.6

_

insurance carriers
Life insurance
fy/ledical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

Production workers^

All employees

Services

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

580.0
177.2
354.1

668.9
179.1
440.7

574.1
184.6
340.1

608.5
185.3
374.3

697.7

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,676.5
1,630.3

1.707.5
1.657.9

1,679.0
1.636.4

1.698.7
1,654.4

1,724.2

_

_

—

1,431.1

1,453.9

Personal sen/ices
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,257.1
430.5
74.7
407.6
97.2
230.5

1,253.4
432.0
74.3
403.3
98.1
229.5

1.263.9
434.5
63.6
408.0
98.8
243.2

1,257.2
435.8
63.4
411.6
99.5
231.5

1,255.2

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
f\^ailing. reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Sen/ices to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing sen/ices
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car sen/ices
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

7,459.1 7,489.6 7.843.9 7,927.9 8,008.1 6,607.2 6,632.3 6,928.7 7,005.0
185.7
185.6
181.5
258.4
180.3
257.4
249.7
248.8
172.5
171.1
167.0
167.2
131.9
129.7
130.6
128.7
326.3
326.6
311.0
310.1
68.7
69.2
65.6
65.7
81.2
77.4
80.9
77.2
805.5
815.9
803.2
795.6
903.5
913.2
923.2
899.3
890.8
73.4
69.7
70.2
90.7
67.8
87.0
87.6
84.9
742.5
735.8
727.8
733.0
822.5
811.7
816.5
805.9
195.9
192.5
190.4
195.5
248.5
244.9
245.0
238.8
30.3
30.6
30.9
31.2
41.1
41.6
40.3
39.7
37.3
36.0
37.7
44.4
36.5
44.5
42.8
43.6
125.9
127.9
123.0
127.0
163.0
160.5
160.2
155.5
2,676.2 2,670.7 2.757.9 2.806.8 2.851.1
344.5
341.5
332.1
326.6
2,349.6 2.338.6 2,416.4 2.462.3 2.501.6 2,279.9 2,269.2 2,340.8 2,386.8
1,298.1 1,308.6 1.455.1 1,475.5 1,489.1 1,036.2 1,043.1 1,162.1 1,177.0
290.1
248.7
289.1
250.9
337.9
340.8
297.0
293.8
246.0
250.5
215.2
212.6
121.3
123.3
109.5
110.0
156.3
171.8
174.5
154.7
249.3
266.1
270.1
246.2
56.5
80.7
57.2
81.8
53.2
53.9
73.9
72.7
37.5
37.6
55.0
55.2
39.0
38.1
53.8
54.6
1,450.4 1,459.0 1,540.5 1,538.7
1,667.6 1.675.6 1.767.9 1,767.3
540.3
540.2
512.3
586.1
586.2
508.8
550.7
555.1
49.7
47.1
48.6
57.7
47.6
55.2
58.3
55.8
77.7
72.4
77.5
71.0
-

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,125.4
199.8
131.2
68.1
622.0
217.6
261.4

See footnotes at end of table.




1,159.1
212.0
142.6
70.8
628.6
221.3
263.4

-

-

07
074
078

1.152.9
210.9
141.9
70.2
627.6
220.7
264.1

-

-

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

1.131.9
201.6
132.6
69.6
625.1
218.0
263.2

-

-

-

_
378.2
-

363.0

-

-

-

1,160.1
-

202.7

928.6
164.3
109.8
60.1
501.4
178.7
210.8

_
379.5
-

358.2
-

202.4

933.2
165.5
111.0
61.7
503.7
179.2
212.5

-

1,434.3

_
382.9
-

361.1
-

217.5

940.0
172.4
117.7
61.3
497.9
180.2
206.4

-

1,449.3

_
383.3

—

—

_
-

-

364.3
-

205.3

944.3
173.0
118.2
61.8
498.3
180.8
204.9

-

—

-

_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

All employees
Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

754
7542

235.5
131.3

235.6
130.6

244.2
131.5

247.7
134.3

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

377.5
114.3

380.6
115.9

386.9
117.0

388.3
118.7

391.6

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

532.8
232.1
117.3
159.8

529.4
228.6
117.3
160.0

566.0
256.1
117.2
170.1

565.7
252.5
118.4
171.6

559.6

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,372.8
84.5
1,010.6
165.6
280.4

1,489.6
82.8
1,095.8
165.1
319.8

1,413.3
80.5
1,041.7
177.7
288.3

1,472.5
81.1
1,089.3
180.3
303.8

1,599.1

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nec
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

9,603.7
1,716.1
619.1
419.9
163.1
1,749.4
1,304.5
212.9
232.0
3,851.1
3,553.3
86.2
211.6
203.8
677.0

9,627.2
1,723.1
621.5
423.1
163.9
1,753.9
1,307.0
213.0
233.9
3,852.3
3,554.4
86.0
211.9
204.3
681.7

9,788.5 9,810.4
1,784.2 1,790.0
627.2
626.1
447.4
443.0
168.9
167.9
1,761.4 1,763.7
1,312.1 1,313.5
213.1
213.1
237.1
236.2
3,925.3 3,933.7
3,621.5 3.629.1
86.1
85.7
218.5
218.1
209.5
208.6
663.6
666.1

9,824.8
1,796.2

Legal services

81

942.9

945.5

973.4

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,178.0
614.6
1,305.7
83.8

2,191.2
612.2
1,317.3
84.3

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,459.0
661.4
314.5
595.5
688.4
199.2

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping




87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

-

—

—

-

-

1,762.0
-

3,942.2

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

202.8
116.6

202.3
115.7

208.4
116.7

211.2
119.0

-

308.7

310.6

315.9

317.0

_

—

444.3
193.3
-

—

441.6
190.0
-

—

471.8
213.4
-

471.8
211.2
-

128.5

129.0

137.5

138.2

1,190.3
76.2
876.3
147.4
240.4

1,297.7
74.4
955.4
147.1
277.8

1,212.8
71.9
897.1
158.3
246.5

1,267.4
72.6
939.1
161.0
260.3

8,507.3
1,406.4
542.5
348.2

8,530.7
1,414.0
544.4
352.3

8,672.2
1,469.8
546.2
365.3

8,694.9
1,476.4
547.4
369.3

-

1,574.1
-

191.8
-

3,526.0

-

1,576.9
-

191.9
-

3,527.6

-

1,584.3
-

191.4
-

3,596.8

-

1,586.0
-

191.4
-

3,605.5

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

660.0

623.6

628.6

613.8

611.9

-

977.7

979.4

752.3

754.7

775.9

778.8

-

2,265.7
627.4
1,361.4
91.1

2,281.6
628.7
1,371.7
92.2

2,294.2

2,471.8
664.1
317.4
597.6
691.7
201.0

2,532.0
678.6
321.9
614.0
716.8
200.7

2,554.9
682.5
324.8
621.4
722.6
203.6

2,572.2

81.4

85.4

81.6

84.4

89.0

2,178.3
106.6
58.6
144.4
434.2

2,185.5
105.6
58.9
145.2
439.2

2,193.4
107.3
60.4
138.0
451.1

2,203.0
108.3
60.4
142.6
453.7

2,207.0

2,950.1
857.7
657.4
144.2
56.1
607.3

2,976.9
862.7
660.3
145.7
56.7
610.8

3,128.9
897.0
686.2
153.1
57.7
651.6

3,158.5
903.9
691.1
154.5
58.3
659.0

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

2,135.9
574.6
269.7
528.2
597.2
166.2

2,148.1
576.8
272.4
531.0
600.3
167.6

2,192.2
587.4
275.8
543.4
621.7
163.9

2,212.0
590.6
278.0
550.5
626.6
166.3

-

625.3
726.3

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

42.1

42.5

43.7

43.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3,186.5
910.2
—

2,256.1
702.0
543.7
112.5
45.8
436.1

2,278.0
706.3
546.2
113.7
46.4
436.6

2,391.1
733.5
567.7
119.0
46.8
467.5

2,416.6
740.3
572.3
120.5
47.5
475.1

-

_
—

(In thousands)
Production workers^

All employees
Industry

SIC
Code

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

428.6
143.8
104.3
109.0
689.4
238.8
243.5
25.3

433.9
145.4
107.8
109.2
701.2
241.1
246.3
26.0

440.7
146.8
110.8
111.7
749.4
255.1
270.6
29.2

449.3
148.4
113.6
115.2
751.9
256.2
273.9
29.1

37.7

37.9

38.6

38.2

-

Feb.
1998

568.7
210.3
130.2
140.2
934.7
324.1
328.8
39.9

576.3
211.9
133.4
142.7
1,004.0
344.5
364.4
43.2

586.1
214.3
136.3
146.6
1,009.5
345.5
368.8
43.4

47.6

48.0

48.9

48.5

48.7

19,950

19,953

20,102

20,214

20,219

-

-

-

-

-

2,700

2,700

2,661

2,662

2,666

-

-

-

-

-

Executive, by agency^
Department of Defense
Postal Service^
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,639.5
705.5
850.3
1,083.7
31.2
29.3

2,640.4
703.3
847.9
1,089.2
30.6
29.4

2,600.2
671.7
853.0
1,075.5
31.0
30.2

-

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,849.7

1,852.5

3731

50.0
22.2

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting sen/ices
Public relations services
Services, nec

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
Federal Government^

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive.
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive.
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

563.3
208.2
126.5
140.5
921.8
322.2
324.8
39.2

-

1,016.7
—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,808.4

1,809.4

1,812.0

-

-

-

-

-

49.3
22.2

46.1
21.7

45.6
21.8

806

21.6
354.4
222.2

21.4
354.9
221.4

18.9
350.3
218.7

18.8
350.2
218.3

806
82

4,748
370.3
2,069.3

4,760
370.3
2,074.1

4,762
370.6
2,078.0

4.796
371.3
2,105.8

2,107.9

1,818.6
2,679.0

1,824.6
2,685.8

1,825.7
2,684.2

1,830.7
2.690.6

2,699.3

12,502
449.9
671.0
7,237.6

12,493
448.8
671.1
7,206.5

12,679
451.5
687.2
7,337.1

12,756
451.6
688.2
7,391.2

7,362.4

3,710.3 3,727.1
5,342.2 5,364.4

5,383.8

806
82

3,672.0 3,688.5
5,264.2 5,286.9

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate: and services.
2 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
^ Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
^ Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Mar.
1998P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4,807
-

-

12,746

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
® Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.

Jan.
1997

Feb.
1997

Dec.
1997

Jan.
1998

Feb.
1998

57,984

58,324

60,744

59,449

59,838

47,140

47,251

49,434

48,375

48,522

6,555

6,558

6,709

6,647

6,650

77

77

79

79

79

599

600

641

629

630

5,879

5,881

5,989

5,939

5,941

2,845
135
158
101
101
321
463
678
372
348
168

2,847
134
158
100
102
321
466
676
374
347
169

2,946
140
163
102
104
331
484
701
401
351
169

2,939
139
163
103
104
331
486
699
397
352
166

2,945
140
163
103
104
331
487
699
400
351
168

3,034
538
14
285
613
163
689
324
24
334
50

3,034
536
14
285
615
162
689
324
24
335
50

3,043
555
14
281
584
165
706
326
25
342
46

3,000
542
15
276
572
163
699
323
23
341
45

2,996
540
14
276
570
163
699
325
23
341
45

51,429

51,766

54,035

52,802

53,188

Transportation and public utilities

1,921

1,926

1,966

1,939

1,943

Wholesale trade

2,019

2,023

2,079

2,064

2,063

11,347

11,219

12,308

11,629

11,503

4,370

4,377

4,495

4,487

4,496

Services

20,928

21,148

21,877

21,609

21,867

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,844
1,143
2,318
7,383

11,073
1,143
2,405
7,525

11,310
1,164
2,440
7,706

11,074
1,129
2,367
7,578

11,316
1,132
2,453
7,731

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.

(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-FairfiekJ-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

1.853.8
459.0
171.6
217.8
156.5
78.3

1,866.9
466.3
173.7
220.5
155.8
80.0

1,876.7
467.4
174.7
223.6
156.7
80.8

256.0
118.9

260.0
122.1

1,972.1
1,374.2
314.7

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

10.3
3.2

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1998P

2.7

2.7

2.7

262.6
122.9

9.2
2.3

10.1
2.6

10.1
2.6

9.4
4.9

9.6
5.2

9.7
5.1

2,046.4
1,441.5
322.2

2,063.0
1,453.5
324.3

13.9
6.5
2.3

14.0
6.5
2.3

13.5
6.0
2.3

127.0
91.7
18.8

130.4
94.4
20.3

131.9
95.5
20.5

1,090.4
136.8
94.8
299.8
35.7

1,102.7
138.0
96.0
303.3
35.3

1,113.2
138.7
95.6
304.4
35.7

3.5
.9

44.7
5.6
3.9
13.7
1.0

44.5
5.4
4.1
13.6
.9

46.1
5.4
4.1
13.8
1.0

12,989.5
178.7
269.3
3,854.4
128.1
937.3
1,211.1
836.3
616.1
115.5
1,036.5
970.2
911.4
149.9
162.0
163.4
146.9
240.5

13,348.2
181.3
272.9
3,932.5
132.1
960.2
1,256.6
867.2
629.5
116.9
1,066.3
989.4
945.2
151.2
166.8
165.0
152.2
246.0

1,947.3
154.7
212.7
1,034.8

(M

(M

(M

(M

3.4

(M

9.8
3.0

Feb.
1998

95.3
26.0
5.8
16.5
8.3
5.7

(M

9.9
3.0

Mar.
1997

(M

3.5

(M
.9

(M
.9

94.7
27.4
5.6
16.5
7.7
5.5

96.2
27.8
5.8
17.1
7.7
5.7

(M

(M

(M
(M

13,443.4
181.6
274.9
3,951.6
133.8
966.0
1,265.4
874.6
636.0
117.4
1,070.0
993.0
955.2
151.7
168.1
166.9
153.8
248.1

29.2
10.6
.6
5.7
(2)
2.3
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.2
.5
.1
.5
1.7

28.7
10.8
.5
5.6
(2)
2.3
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.1
1.0
.4
.1
.5
1.5

28.8
10.8
.5
5.6
(2)
2.3
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.5
1.5

524.4
8.2
12.6
107.6
6.1
48.3
55.4
49.3
30.5
4.2
49.4
33.5
35.1
6.4
8.4
7.0
9.7
10.7

555.3
7.8
13.4
111.3
6.9
48.4
59.8
53.0
31.2
4.6
52.9
35.4
39.1
6.2
8.4
6.8
10.2
10.3

571.7
7.9
13.8
111.6
7.0
50.7
61.4
55.0
32.7
4.7
53.5
36.2
39.9
6.3
8.5
7.2
10.6
10.6

2,012.4
161.2
214.4
1,065.9

2,019.4
161.1
214.8
1,070.2

13.6

14.1

13.9

110.4
6.0
12.0
58.5

120.6
6.3
12.2
63.5

122.0
6.5
12.6
63.9

1,591.2
180.8
83.8
595.1
245.4
132.6
197.2
84.1

1,619.4
182.0
85.3
593.8
248.0
135.7
202.5
86.7

1,624.4
183.1
86.6
599.5
247.3
136.2
204.6
87.0

378.8
51.1
295.7

387.6
52.5
305.2

392.8
53.2
308.9

.1
.1
.2

616.5
2,455.4

605.6
2,479.9

608.8
2,500.0

.1
1.0

6,405.8
150.2
625.5
153.5
111.1
509.9
169.1
176.2
963.5
784.8
149.0
246.3
147.5
1,060.1
438.3

6,611.1
154.8
643.9
154.7
114.1
530.2
173.5
180.2
973.6
820.2
152.0
263.0
149.3
1,100.6
457.2

6,664.3
155.6
648.6
155.8
114.8
536.0
174.6
180.9
980.6
826,2
153.8
267.4
150.1
1,109.7
459.6

(M

(M

(M

6.9

6.7

6.5

.6

.7

.7

50.0
5.4
3.1
17.6
8.2
4.1
5.3
2.7

52.7
5.7
3.3
17.7
8.4
4.3
5.2
3.0

53.5
5.8
3.4
18.0
8.6
4.4
5.3
3.1

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

20.6
2.1
15.5

20.6
2.1
15.8

20.9
2.2
16.0

.1
1.0

.1
1.1

9.1
120.9

8.5
121.4

8.7
124.8

6.7

327.3
7.4
33.7
12.7
4.2
27.6
8.6
9.4
33.6
41.6
10.5
12.1
6.0
49.5
23.9

339.3
7.8
33.6
12.7
4.4
28.5
8.6
9.3
33.4
45.2
10.9
12.6
5.7
53.5
25.4

341.2
7.7
34.1
12.7
4.4
28.7
8.6
9.5
33.6
45.3
11.1
12.7
5.7
53.8
25.5

(M

(M

(M

(M

(M

(M

(M

O
(2)

(2)

^ )

^ )

(2)

6.6
(2)

O

6.6
(2)

.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
.1

(2)
(2)
3.1

(2)
(2)
3.0

(2)

(2)

.1

.3

3.1
(2)

.3

.3

(2)

(2)

O
(2)

O

O
(2)

(2)
(2)

.4
(2)

.4
(2)

.4
(2)

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Mar.
1997

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Rfverslde-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vall^o-Faiffield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Nonwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Rorlda
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleanwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

381.9
52.1
38.7
27.8
17.8
11.1

378.1
50.6
40.1
27.9
17.5
12.2

377.5
50.5
39.9
27.8
17.5
12.2

90.3
30.0
3.7
13.1
6.3
2.3

91.1
30.2
3.6
13.5
6.4
2.4

91.3
30.3
3.6
13.5
6.4
2.4

421.7
110.7
34.6
56.8
37.0
18.2

424.9
113.1
34.7
57.2
36.2
17.8

428.6
113.2
35.0
58.4
36.7
18.0

16.0
2.0

15.4
1.9

16.2
2.0

22.1
11.5

22.9
12.0

23.2
12.1

51.2
29.1

52.3
29.7

52.7
29.9

203.2
157.4
28.3

214.5
167.8
28.6

214.2
167.8
28.7

94.5
69.0
13.3

96.4
72.1
13.0

97.1
72.7
13.2

481.9
337.9
68.9

497.1
353.4
70.2

500.9
355.7
70.5

251.1
33.8
27.3
33.2
8.0

254.4
33.6
26.7
33.4
8.2

254.4
33.5
26.3
33.2
8.2

64.2
9.3
6.5
20.7
1.7

66.6
9.3
6.6
21.1
1.8

66.9
9.3
6.6
21.2
1.8

248.2
37.6
19.9
69.3
7.4

246.0
38.2
19.7
69.0
7.0

250.3
38.5
19.7
69.5
7.2

1,885.1
9.9
29.1
659.2
24.2
118.4
218.7
103.5
43.6
9.7
120.8
76.3
251.9
16.8
24.4
21.7
17.0
31.9

1,929.3
10.1
28.8
676.3
24.9
120.6
228.7
109.2
46.8
8.6
123.9
76.6
259.8
17.0
25.9
21.8
18.0
33.9

1,939.4
10.1
28.6
680.0
25.3
120.3
230.8
110.4
47.2
9.1
124.0
76.5
261.0
16.8
26.1
22.0
18.2
34.0

650.1
9.4
13.4
208.9
5.3
60.5
44.1
41.8
24.2
5.3
40.5
78.0
26.6
5.2
5.9
11.4
5.7
9.3

668.4
10.4
14.1
214.2
5.5
60.4
46.3
44.3
25.1
5.5
41.4
79.4
28.4
5.6
6.5
10.5
6.0
9.9

672.2
10.4
14.1
215.4
5.5
60.6
46.9
44.6
25.5
5.5
41.5
78.9
28.5
5.7
6.5
10.5
6.1
10.0

2,991.7
42.4
65.7
846.6
32.7
208.7
302.7
215.3
133.4
29.9
236.3
202.7
179.9
35.5
40.4
38.7
38.1
59.3

3,068.7
42.6
66.2
863.3
33.8
214.0
314.9
222.6
136.1
30.9
241.8
204.7
186.3
35.2
41.9
39.5
39.1
59.4

3,080.5
42.6
66.5
867.1
34.1
214.4
315.7
223.7
136.9
30.7
240.9
205.4
187.8
35.1
42.1
39.8
38.9
59.8

199.9
30.8
25.4
91.7

207.4
32.9
27.6
93.8

207.4
33.1
27.3
93.8

121.3
3.6
11.6
84.3

122.4
3.9
11.8
85.5

121.8
3.9
11.3
85.3

472.1
33.8
47.5
250.9

486.3
33.9
48.0
258.6

488.1
33.4
48.1
259.8

274.5
39.4
18.6
92.2
39.1
24.7
28.4
18.5

276.4
39.8
18.8
93.8
39.1
24.6
27.1
19.2

276.3
39.7
18.8
94.2
39.1
24.6
27.2
19.2

74.1
7.0
2.5
27.2
15.8
6.2
9.8
3.5

75.3
7.0
2.4
27.1
15.6
6.3
9.9
3.5

75.8
7.0
2.5
27.2
16.0
6.4
9.9
3.6

344.9
40.6
21.3
123.4
51.1
26.4
44.1
16.9

351.1
40.6
21.2
121.6
51.6
26.7
45.0
18.6

352.3
41.0
21.7
122.9
52.1
26.7
45.5
18.7

56.7
6.0
42.2

57.1
6.0
43.2

58.6
6.1
44.5

15.5
1.7
13.4

15.6
1.9
13.9

15.7
1.9
13.8

82.4
12.8
60.1

83.2
12.6
61.0

84.0
12.7
61.5

12.8
97.9

12.6
100.3

12.7
100.5

17.6
111.1

17.0
110.5

17.1
110.7

48.8
466.2

47.3
464.3

48.1
467.6

490.8
14.0
40.5
6.8
5.4
36.5
21.1
26.8
76.1
52.3
11.3
20.4
5.3
87.4
309

493.0
14.6
40.6
6.7
5.5
38.2
20.8
28.0
73.4
53.5
10.7
21.2
5.0
87.2
31.3

492.5
14.6
40.5
6.7
5.4
38.3
20.8
28.2
73.1
53.4
10.8
21.4
5.1
87.2
31.1

325.8
4.2
32.4
6.9
2.3
35.6
8.7
5.1
83.0
40.4
7.1
5.4
3.9
47.0
16.1

335.5
4.5
31.6
7.1
2.5
37.0
9.1
5.5
84.3
41.7
7.4
5.3
4.2
48.9
16.5

338.3
4.4
31.9
7.1
2.5
37.3
9.0
5.6
85.1
42.0
7.4
5.4
4.2
49.1
16.6

1,654.4
42.9
178.1
44.3
23.1
125.0
48.1
41.4
253.5
195.8
38.0
59.6
29.5
260.1
115.2

1,689.1
43.6
181.8
44.8
24.1
130.0
50.0
42.0
258.0
203.0
38.6
61.9
30.1
262.7
118.7

1,703.8
44.1
183.1
45.2
24.3
130.8
50.5
42.4
259.9
204.0
39.5
62.5
30.1
265.7
119.3

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Mar.
1997

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleanwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

83.2
33.8
4.7
9.8
9.2
2.5

84.9
34.6
4.7
10.0
9.3
2.5

85.1
34.6
4.7
10.0
9.3
2.6

421.0
133.1
45.0
59.3
40.7
13.6

433.0
138.9
46.3
60.3
41.7
13.6

436.8
139.4
46.8
61.5
42.1
13.8

350.1
70.1
39.1
34.5
37.2
222

350.3
68.5
38.7
35.1
37.0
23.3

351.4
68.6
38.9
35.3
37.0
23.4

11.6
6.9

11.8
7.1

11.9
7.1

62.1
34.1

63.8
35.0

64.3
35.3

74.4
28.1

74.1
28.6

74.5
28.8

124.5
104.6
11.8

131.5
112.2
12.4

132.5
113.1
12.6

594.4
429.4
98.9

621.8
453.1
101.0

627.9
458.7
101.3

332.7
177.7
72.4

340.7
182.0
74.4

345.0
184.0
75.2

43.7
4.8
3.1
17.3
1.3

44.0
4.8
3.0
17.3
1.3

44.5
4.9
3.1
17.4
1.3

249.2
26.6
23.2
86.0
8.3

256.0
26.8
25.1
88.9
8.3

259.1
27.1
25.0
89.4
8.4

185.9
19.1
10.0
59.6
8.0

187.7
19.9
9.9
60.0
7.8

188.4
20.0
9.9
59.9
7.8

747.6
6.5
13.8
218.2
4.5
53.4
90.4
29.9
40.1
6.0
59.8
101.0
30.2
7.2
9.3
8.5
5.9
12.1

767.6
7.1
13.5
222.3
4.4
55.5
93.5
31.0
42.7
5.7
62.1
103.4
31.0
7.4
9.5
8.7
6.3
14.0

773.3
7.0
13.5
223.3
4.5
55.7
93.8
31.2
43.0
5.7
62.4
103.7
31.3
7.5
9.5
8.7
6.3
14.2

3,991.2
42.7
68.0
1,264.8
31.4
273.7
364.5
220.9
172.4
32.2
333.5
352.9
298.0
46.5
46.8
41.0
38.7
71.2

4,147.8
42.6
70.2
1,294.5
32.1
286.7
374.5
230.8
176.5
33.1
346.7
367.9
311.3
47.1
48.1
42.1
40.5
73.7

4,180.7
43.0
70.9
1,300.3
32.5
289.1
377.4
233.0
177.6
33.1
349.2
369.5
316.5
47.5
48.8
42.8
41.4
74.4

2,170.2
49.0
66.1
543.4
23.9
172.0
134.4
174.4
171.7
28.1
195.8
125.2
89.6
31.1
26.3
35.0
31.3
44.3

2,182.4
49.9
66.2
545.0
24.5
172.3
138.0
175.2
170.9
28.4
197.1
121.5
89.2
31.7
26.1
35.5
31.6
43.3

2,196.8
49.8
67.0
548.3
24.9
172.9
138.5
175.6
172.9
28.5
198.1
122.3
90.1
31.7
26.2
35.8
31.8
43.6

125.0
5.4
11.4
81.9

130.9
5.5
11.8
85.9

131.4
5.5
11.8
86.6

586.3
48.5
69.8
315.3

608.6
51.5
68.1
324.2

611.2
51.4
68.4
326.0

318.7
26.6
35.0
145.3

322.1
27.2
34.9
147.7

323.6
27.3
35.3
148.3

129.6
10.1
4.4
68.3
13.1
3.5
22.8
4.2

132.9
10.3
4.7
67.8
12.9
3.7
25.9
4.2

134.1
10.2
4.8
68.7
12.8
3.7
26.0
4.2

486.1
57.6
23.7
168.4
86.5
33.2
69.2
25.7

499.8
57.4
24.6
170.8
89.0
33.8
71.5
26.0

500.2
58.2
24.8
171.0
87.4
34.2
72.5
26.0

231.4
20.7
10.2
98.0
31.6
34.5
17.6
12.6

230.5
21.2
10.3
95.0
31.2
36.3
17.9
12.2

231.5
21.2
10.6
97.5
31.3
36.2
18.2
12.2

45.7
2.1
39.9

48.4
2.5
42.4

48.9
2.5
42.7

103.7
11.4
85.5

108.9
12.3
89.8

109.9
12.3
90.5

54.1
15.0
38.9

53.7
15.1
38.9

54.7
15.5
39.7

28.5
133.9

28.3
133.0

28.5
133.9

267.0
934.1

265.7
960.5

267.9
971.4

232.6
590.3

226.1
588.9

225.7
590.0

404.1
6.5
43.7
8.7
5.0
52.4
7.9
6.0
67.5
45.4
6.0
11.4
5.5
74.7
29.9

420.0
6.6
45.7
9.3
5.2
52.9
8.0
6.0
67.9
47.6
6.2
11.7
5.8
78.6
31.2

422.8
6.6
45.9
9.3
5.2
53.3
8.0
6.0
67.9
47.8
6.3
11.9
5.8
78.7
31.6

2,240.4
52.1
212.8
48.7
32.0
165.0
46.1
62.9
312.7
324.3
46.6
113.7
38.1
407.0
167.7

2,357.3
53.7
225.1
48.5
33.3
174.4
48.1
64.2
319.2
341.9
49.0
126.8
39.1
434.1
178.6

2,385.8
54.1
227.4
49.0
33.7
178.3
48.5
64.0
322.6
345.9
49.6
129.9
39.4
439.4
180.1

956.4
23.1
84.2
25.3
39.1
67.4
25.5
24.6
136.8
84.6
29.2
23.6
59.0
134.0
54.6

970.3
24.0
85.4
25.5
39.1
68.8
25.9
25.2
137.1
86.9
29.0
23.4
59.2
135.2
55.5

973.2
24.1
85.6
25.7
39.3
68.9
26.1
25.2
138.1
87.4
28.9
23.5
59.6
135.4
55.4

Construction

Mining

Total
state and area

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macx)n
Savannah

Hawedi
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des f\^oines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

3,573.1
59.0
71.5
1,934.6
192.0
114.7
147.1
131.0

3,676.7
59.2
74.1
2,000.0
193.1
115.9
150.6
133.5

3,704.4
59.2
74.0
2,013.8
193.0
115.9
151.2
134.0

536.4
406.7

530.7
402.1

496.1
189.2

Mar.
1997

7.8
(M

(M

175.6
3.6
2.4
99.8
10.9
5.3
6.6
7.5

22.3
17.2

21.6
16.6

21.6
16.7

2.9

28.4
13.0

29.4
12.3

30.6
12.4

11.1

205.4
2.3
2.8
141.7
8.1
3.0
1.9
6.9
5.8
4.3

209.3
2.3
2.9
142.7
8.5
3.3
1.6
6.9
5.7
4.3

211.3
2.5
2.9
143.6
8.7
3.5
1.7
6.9
5.9
4.3

129.9
2.7
4.1
8.8
11.5
16.8
42.2
1.9
3.5
2.3
7.0
2.7

127.3
3.0
4.2
8.7
12.0
16.0
45.9
2.1
3.4
2.2
6.9
2.6

131.2
3.0
4.5
8.8
12.3
14.8
46.6
2.1
3.4
2.2
6.7
2.6

50.3
4.6
10.7
1.4
2.0
2.9
2.3

49.5
5.9
9.9
1.6
2.0
3.2
2.5

52.6
5.6
9.6
1.7
2.1
3.2
2.4

55.3
1.9
4.0
13.2

55.5
1.9
3.9
13.5

1.7
.4
(M

1.7
.4
(M

1.3

1.1

1.3

(M

(M

(M

532.5
402.9

(M
(M

(M
(M

(M

505.8
195.2

508.4
195.7

(M

5,684.0
78.2
98.1
3,970.3
174.6
55.8
42.4
167.1
174.9
110.5

5,748.1
80.7
98.1
4,014.2
178.3
56.1
42.5
170.5
176.4
111.9

5,784.5
81.1
98.7
4,033.9
179.4
56.5
42.9
171.3
177.4
112.5

2,828.0
64.4
116.2
151.1
263.5
261.3
818.5
51.5
91.7
60.3
132.3
68.0

2,847.6
65.1
114.5
152.5
267.5
262.0
834.5
51.9
94.2
59.4
133.0
67.5

2,867.6
65.1
115.8
152.4
269.4
261.5
840.2
52.1
94.1
59.7
133.9
67.4

1,379.6
109.6
266.2
49.8
65.3
63.6
70.2

1,401.3
114.4
267.6
51.7
66.0
64.6
72.1

1,417.0
114.9
269.3
51.7
66.5
64.9
72.6

1,250.1
46.4
99.2
269.2

1,284.5
47.9
98.2
279.2

1,292.8
48.6
98.4
281.0

1,688.3
264.0
541.3
42.4

1,710.5
272.6
552.5
43.6

1,827.0
53.2
280.5
71.1
157.2
85.5
67.8
608.9
167.9
532.1
40.0
136.7

(!)
2.8

3.0

(M

(M
11.0

11.6
(M

(M

(M
1.4

1.5

(M

1.5

( )

(M

< J
(M

O

(M
6.3

6.3
(M

(M

6.5
(M

(M
1.3

1.2
(M

1.3
(M

.8

.8

.8

( )
( )
(M

(M

(I)

(M

.3

1.7

1.9
(M

(M
.3

.3

1.9
(I)

< ))
<

< )
<
)
(M

(M

Mar.
1998P

173.0
3.6
2.5
97.6
10.8
5.3
6.5
7.3

(M

(M

Feb.
1998

162.9
3.4
2.4
90.9
11.3
5.3
6.3
7.0

8.2

8.2

1.6
.4

Mar.
1997

Mar.
1998P

Feb.
1998

1.4

1.4

1.4

55.0
1.9
4.2
13.3

1,726.0
273.1
558.2
43.9

22.9
.2
.5
.3

22.4
.2
.5
.3

22.5
.2
.5
.3

76.8
12.5
27.3
3.1

76.2
12.6
27.7
3.3

80.0
13.2
28.7
3.4

1,866.5
54.2
286.6
75.9
162.6
86.2
68.7
616.2
172.5

1,876.4
54.3
288.8
76.1
163.5
86.7
69.0
615.0
173.9

51.2
.1
.8
6.5
14.1
1.3
.2
15.3
2.5

55.8
.1
1.0
7.7
15.7
1.4
.2
15.1
2.4

55.8
.1
1.0
7.6
15.9
1.4
.2
15.1
2.6

114.3
2.9
31.0
3.1
8.3
10.4
3.3
30.1
9.1

116.2
3.3
32.6
3.8
9.6
10.2
3.4
30.9
9.7

118.2
3.2
33.7
3.8
9.8
10.4
3.5
30.8
9.9

542.8
40.8
138.5

543.9
40.8
139.6

.1

19.8
1.5
5.8

20.4
1.5
6.3

20.2
1.5
6.3

8.2

8.2
(I)
(M

(M

(M

.1
(2)

8.2

.1
(2)

o

(2)

(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Mar.
1997

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macxjn
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

587.3
8.9
11.6
217.8
40.8
21.9
20.1
17.4

587.0
8.7
11.7
220.6
41.8
21.7
20.3
18.3

589.2
8.6
11.7
220.7
41.7
21.6
20.3
18.3

226.0
2.9
1.8
161.2
6.5
4.0
5.3
9.8

235.4
3.1
1.8
168.3
6.6
4.2
5.3
9.5

237.1
3.1
1.8
169.2
6.7
4.2
5.3
9.7

898.9
13.7
18.3
512.2
41.8
25.7
34.3
32.7

920.7
14.1
18.1
525.1
41.8
26.0
34.0
33.7

925.1
14.1
18.1
527.0
41.7
25.9
34.0
33.7

16.7
12.8

16.3
12.6

16.5
12.6

41.7
33.8

41.2
33.3

40.9
32.8

134.8
99.9

133.5
98.8

133.1
98.3

72.7
34.0

75.8
36.4

74.9
36.1

23.6
9.2

24.2
9.8

24.0
9.8

125.3
45.4

126.5
45.3

127.1
45.6

968.9
8.8
11.9
654.8
29.9
13.4
8.1
32.0
52.8
4.4

976.5
8.8
11.8
659.2
31.1
13.5
8.3
32.4
53.6
4.6

978.3
8.8
11.4
659.8
31.3
13.4
8.3
32.4
53.5
4.7

335.1
2.9
2.6
246.0
9.2
5.0
2.0
9.2
9.1
4.9

339.6
2.8
2.7
250.4
9.5
4.9
2.0
9.6
9.3
4.8

341.0
2.8
2.7
250.8
9.6
4.8
2.0
9.6
9.3
4.9

1,299.1
17.1
21.4
901.2
46.2
12.2
10.7
40.0
37.1
23.4

1,309.2
16.9
21.5
909.0
46.2
12.2
10.7
41.6
37.1
23.9

1,316.8
17.0
21.5
913.9
46.4
12.2
10.8
41.9
37.3
24.0

673.3
9.8
58.1
32.2
74.1
50.1
127.4
21.3
22.0
11.3
22.0
11.8

677.4
10.2
58.4
31.5
75.5
49.5
128.7
20.9
222
9.9
22.3
12.0

680.1
10.3
58.8
31.2
75.8
49.4
129.3
21.0
22.1
9.8
22.4
12.0

139.6
1.8
3.0
7.2
12.5
15.9
50.1
1.1
2.2
3.2
5.6
3.1

139.8
1.8
2.7
7.0
12.6
15.5
51.3
1.2
2.2
3.4
5.6
2.7

141.2
1.8
2.8
7.0
12.8
15.6
51.6
1.2
2.2
3.6
5.6
2.7

669.7
14.6
21.9
37.5
62.6
61.9
212.2
11.0
18.9
13.4
34.1
19.1

665.8
15.1
21.3
38.1
63.5
62.0
214.5
10.8
18.9
13.4
33.2
18.7

671.3
15.2
21.5
38.0
63.7
62.6
216.1
10.9
18.9
13.4
33.6
18.7

248.9
21.0
24.6
11.8
4.9
12.7
14.6

255.1
22.4
25.0
11.7
4.8
13.1
14.9

256.4
22.2
25.3
11.7
4.9
13.2
15.1

64.1
7.8
13.3
2.1
2.2
3.9
2.3

66.4
7.7
13.4
2.0
2.2
3.7
2.3

66.8
7.7
13.5
2.0
2.2
3.7
2.3

336.2
24.7
69.6
11.8
12.5
15.5
16.3

337.6
25.4
69.1
12.2
12.9
15.3
16.3

341.3
25.8
69.3
12.3
13.0
15.5
16.4

202.8
5.3
10.0
67.2

209.8
5.4
9.8
72.8

210.3
5.3
9.9
73.1

71.3
1.2
6.3
10.5

72.7
1.3
6.1
10.9

73.1
1.3
6.2
10.9

302.0
11.8
21.3
60.5

312.0
11.7
21.1
61.6

313.3
11.8
20.8
61.9

314.3
45.1
89.1
7.0

316.7
48.0
89.2
7.1

315.7
46.9
89.5
7.1

95.2
10.6
39.4
2.1

98.5
10.8
41.9
2.3

98.8
10.8
42.0
2.3

400.8
58.9
132.1
10.7

405.6
61.0
135.3
11.0

409.0
61.4
136.1
11.0

186.7
3.5
24.2
6.4
16.3
11.8
8.0
47.6
19.5

188.3
3.5
24.8
7.4
14.6
11.8
8.1
48.9
19.3

188.6
3.6
24.6
7.5
14.5
12.1
8.1
49.1
19.3

108.7
2.6
12.3
7.8
9.5
4.1
3.7
42.0
8.1

111.9
2.6
12.5
8.0
10.1
4.4
3.7
42.5
8.5

112.2
2.6
12.7
8.1
10.1
4.4
3.6
42.3
8.6

425.4
12.2
64.9
16.9
40.2
18.2
17.0
150.1
38.3

431.3
12.4
67.0
17.2
41.9
18.2
16.9
148.6
39.6

433.6
12.5
67.5
17.3
42.1
18.3
17.1
148.4
39.8

86.5
7.7
15.2

87.0
7.8
15.0

86.4
7.8
14.7

22.6
1.6
6.3

23.2
1.6
6.3

23.3
1.6
6.3

127.9
9.7
37.6

130.3
10.1
39.8

130.8
10.1
40.4

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Mar.
1997

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

183.8
2.2
2.2
125.4
6.0
7.9
8.3
4.5

191.8
2.1
22
130.9
6.0
8.1
8.9
4.4

193.0
2.1
2.2
131.4
5.9
8.1
9.0
4.3

927.7
15.1
14.8
568.3
45.3
29.2
38.5
38.5

969.7
15.0
15.2
596.9
45.9
30.0
41.0
39.2

983.9
15.0
15.2
604.5
45.8
30.3
41.4
39.4

578.7
12.8
20.4
257.2
39.9
20.7
33.2
21.1

590.9
12.6
22.6
258.9
39.8
20.6
33.3
21.1

592.3
12.7
22.6
259.5
39.9
20.5
33.3
21.1

36.4
29.2

35.3
28.2

35.3
28.2

170.3
121.6

169.2
121.0

170.0
121.5

114.2
92.2

113.6
91.6

115.1
92.8

24.9
10.7

25.9
11.5

25.8
11.5

118.1
47.1

119.0
48.8

119.9
49.1

100.1
29.8

102.2
31.1

103.2
31.2

393.7
13.6
3.5
307.9
7.9
2.0
1.6
7.7
7.4
7.9

404.3
14.5
3.7
314.5
8.2
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.5
7.8

406.6
14.7
3.7
315.8
8.2
2.0
1.6
7.9
7.6
7.9

1,649.9
19.0
20.7
1.224.8
46.1
13.5
11.3
52.0
45.1
31.8

1,685.8
20.1
21.3
1,249.2
47.4
13.6
11.2
52.7
45.7
32.7

1,699.5
20.3
21.4
1.257.6
47.5
13.8
11.4
53.0
46.1
32.8

820.3
14.5
35.2
492.4
27.2
6.7
6.8
19.3
17.6
33.8

812.4
15.3
34.2
487.8
27.4
6.6
7.0
19.4
17.5
33.8

819.9
15.0
35.1
490.9
27.7
6.8
7.1
19.6
17.7
33.9

136.3
2.4
2.9
7.2
14.6
9.2
60.6
1.6
3.7
1.8
6.5
2.3

138.7
2.1
3.2
7.4
14.6
9.4
64.5
1.5
4.0
1.8
6.3
2.2

139.4
2.1
3.2
7.4
14.7
9.4
65.2
1.5
4.1
1.8
6.4
2.2

671.0
12.6
18.7
41.8
60.9
70.7
220.0
7.8
17.0
15.5
43.5
16.6

690.7
12.4
17.7
43.7
61.3
72.0
225.0
8.5
19.0
16.6
44.6
16.8

696.0
12.5
18.0
43.9
62.0
72.3
226.6
8.5
19.2
16.7
45.1
16.7

401.9
20.5
7.5
15.2
27.3
36.7
105.2
6.9
24.4
12.8
13.6
12.1

401.6
20.5
7.0
14.8
28.0
37.6
103.8
6.9
24.5
12.1
14.1
12.2

401.9
20.2
7.0
14.8
28.1
37.4
104.0
6.9
24.2
12.2
14.1
12.2

78.0
5.7
36.8
1.7
1.8
2.5
3.2

80.4
6.2
37.9
1.8
2.0
2.6
3.3

80.7
6.3
38.2
1.8
2.0
2.5
3.3

362.1
34.4
75.6
17.2
13.8
18.6
18.6

370.4
35.4
77.9
18.6
14.3
19.0
19.6

374.6
35.6
78.4
18.3
14.6
19.1
19.8

238.1
11.4
35.6
3.8
28.1
7.5
12.9

240.2
11.4
34.4
3.8
27.8
7.7
13.2

242.7
11.7
35.0
3.9
27.7
7.7
13.3

60.4
1.9
6.7
10.8

60.6
2.0
6.9
11.0

60.8
2.1
6.8
11.1

307.5
10.7
27.6
71.6

323.3
11.7
28.1
74.3

325.5
11.7
28.4
74.6

242.9
13.6
23.1
33.9

242.6
13.9
22.2
34.0

246.1
14.5
22.4
34.5

68.0
9.8
28.7
1.7

69.9
10.2
28.9
1.8

70.5
10.2
29.0
1.8

414.6
70.4
155.5
10.5

425.0
72.8
158.8
10.4

431.5
73.6
161.8
10.7

295.7
56.5
68.7
7.0

296.2
57.0
70.2
7.4

298.0
56.8
70.6
7.3

84.8
2.3
17.0
2.2
6.0
2.6
4.8
31.6
6.6

86.3
2.2
17.7
2.3
6.3
2.7
5.1
31.4
6.6

86.8
2.2
17.7
2.3
6.3
2.7
5.1
31.4
6.6

490.7
16.3
71.7
15.2
39.6
23.8
17.8
187.9
51.0

507.7
16.8
73.3
15.9
40.7
24.4
18.4
191.5
53.4

511.0
16.8
74.0
15.9
41.0
24.4
18.5
190.2
54.1

365.2
13.3
58.6
13.0
23.2
13.3
13.0
104.3
32.8

369.0
13.3
57.7
13.6
23.7
13.1
12.9
107.3
33.0

370.2
13.3
57.6
13.6
23.8
13.0
12.9
107.7
33.1

27.9
2.1
12.3

29.5
2.2
12.6

30.0
2.2
12.7

150.9
12.5
41.1

156.3
12.7
40.2

157.1
12.7
40.6

96.4
4.9
18.4

96.0
4.9
18.3

96.0
4.9
18.6

(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

2,231.2
1,149.5
400.8
820.6

2,240.5
1,161.9
403.7
832.2

2,257.5
1,172.7
404.4
837.4

3,059.1
60.5
1,881.3
93.5
51.0
148.7
112.7
62.4
40.2
248.2
219.7

3,137.9
52.1
1,921.0
95.9
52.7
149.4
118.8
63.9
41.3
254.2
223.7

3,153.3
52.9
1,929.2
96.1
53.4
150.6
119.5
64.1
41.5
255.1
224.3

4.393.6
265.2
70.4
2,063.8
179.5
542.5
59.9
207.5
232.6
175.6

4,461.8
271.4
70.2
2,099.1
180.5
556.2
60.4
208.9
233.2
177.4

4,472.3
271.0
70.8
2,110.6
181.3
559.6
60.8
210.3
233.8
178.0

2,431.5
107.2
1,582.5
71.5
83.4

2,478.4
109.2
1,610.4
73.6
85.2

2,495.1
109.4
1,622.4
74.0
85.4

1,095.3
218.4

1,112.0
223.2

1,112.8
224.4

2,610.4
904.1
1,281.7
156.0

2,627.6
933.5
1,286.2
161.7

2,640.5
939.6
1,295.1
161.9

Montana

354.5

361.2

362.4

Nebraska

843.1
144.1
391.3

867.7
145.3
406.5

870.2
144.6
404.9

876.4
623.0
174.4

905.2
647.1
177.1

912.3
651.8
178.8

554.1
95.0
88.8
111.2

565.2
96.1
92.1
112.4

564.8
96.7
92.5
112.4

3,659.0
169.2
628.7
463.9
237.9
597.0
350.0
936.7
196.7
57.0

3,714.6
170.1
636.5
471.3
238.2
618.3
351.1
953.2
196.2
58.3

3,741.7
172.7
643.2
474.7
238.6
622.2
356.8
958.9
198.1
58.2

698.8
327.8
50.4
70.6

707.4
332.6
51.5
70.6

710.8
334.0
52.1
71.1

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

Now Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe




Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

1.2
.2

(M

Mar.
1998P

1.2
.2

(M
1.1

(M

(2)

.7

(M

(M

50.1
11.5

50.4
11.5

4.6

<
>
(M

115.3
43.2
62.3
6.5

115.9
44.9
63.9
6.3

113.6
45.9
62.4
6.6

4.9

13.7

15.2

15.2

1.2

34.3
5.7
16.7

38.0
6.5
18.5

38.1
5.9
18.1

13.6
2.2
.6

78.6
62.7
11.1

82.4
65.9
11.5

84.2
67.1
11.9

.4

18.2
3.9
2.5
3.0

19.6
4.2
2.8
2.9

19.8
4.2
2.9
2.9

1.7

119.8
6.8
20.0
19.9
3.9
17.2
16.5
28.4
4.0
1.9

120.6
6.5
20.1
20.4
4.3
17.3
15.9
29.3
4.5
1.7

125.4
6.6
20.6
21.0
4.4
18.4
17.0
30.6
4.6
1.7

41.5
21.9
3.1
3.3

39.8
20.7
3.0
3.5

41.0
21.3
3.1
3.6

5.0

1.1

1.2

(M
(M

(M
(M

13.6
2.2
.6

.4

.4

(M

(M
(M
(M

( )
(M

1.8

1.6

(M

(M

(M

(M
.4

.5

(M
.7

.5

(M
.7

(M

.7

(M
.3

.3
15.5

47.9
11.0

(2)
4.7

5.0

(M
(M

6.2

(M

(M

(M

81.9
3.3
53.6
2.6
3.3

6.1

4.7

(M

80.0
3.3
52.4
2.6
3.2

(M

(2)

< )
<
)
(M

75.6
2.9
49.3
2.4
3.0

(M

(M

(I)
(M
(M

7.3
4.9

.9

(M

7.0
4.8

5.6

14.7
22
.7

164.1
9.0
2.2
76.6
6.8
22.6
2.1
7.6
8.1
8.0

7.0

(M
(M

(M

(M
(M

164.9
9.0
2.1
74.0
6.7
22.5
2.0
7.4
8.0
8.2

.1
.1
.2

^^

7.4
5.0

(M

156.3
8.9
2.3
69.0
6.2
22.3
2.0
7.3
7.5
8.4

O

.8

(M

(2)

95.5
2.6
54.8
3.1
1.5
5.1
4.7
2.0
1.3
6.6
6.2

7.0

(M

(M
(M

93.5
2.5
53.5
3.1
1.5
4.8
4.3
1.9
1.3
6.5
6.2

(2)

(M
(M

(M

88.3
2.4
49.9
2.9
1.4
5.0
4.5
2.0
1.2
6.4
6.2

.4

.1
.1
.2

7.1

< )

1.3

O
o
(2)

O
(2)
.1
.1
.2

(M
(M

131.0
61.7
12.2
58.0

(M

(2)

(2)

130.6
61.6
12.2
58.0

.4

(2)

15.3

(M
(M

Mar.
1998P

132.1
61.8
11.9
56.9

(M

(M

Feb.
1998

1.2
.2

1.2

.4

Mar.
1997

.3
15.3

(M
(M

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
state and area
Mar.
1997

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

175.9
100.9
32.4
38.0

175.6
100.0
31.4
39.0

175.6
100.4
31.3
38.9

106.0
58.1
19.7
33.6

105.2
58.6
20.4
33.4

105.2
58.8
20.4
33.5

525.7
264.2
63.4
196.6

525.6
266.1
62.5
193.5

530.0
269.1
63.1
194.5

443.9
1.9
220.1
10.7
13.6
38.0
28.1
13.3
7.4
38.8
41.0

454.6
2.1
225.8
10.5
13.8
39.2
29.8
13.9
7.4
39.1
42.4

455.1
2.1
225.6
10.5
13.9
39.2
30.1
13.7
7.5
39.2
42.4

131.3
2.8
81.7
5.0
2.0
5.0
6.3
3.3
1.1
9.9
9.4

135.9
2.8
83.3
4.8
2.1
4.9
6.9
3.5
1.2
10.1
9.4

136.6
2.8
84.1
4.8
2.1
5.0
6.7
3.7
1.2
10.2
9.3

688.4
15.9
405.5
30.6
12.0
33.5
23.9
15.7
9.9
57.3
48.6

709.8
16.7
413.6
31.3
12.1
33.7
25.4
15.7
10.2
57.9
49.7

710.0
17.0
412.4
31.1
12.2
33.8
25.1
15.6
10.1
58.0
49.7

9694
52.7
19.8
447.3
41.7
153.6
13.0
49.0
30.0
39.5

975.4
53.8
20.0
448.1
40.5
156.4
13.0
49.5
28.9
39.8

974.3
53.3
20.0
446.7
40.4
157.0
12.9
49.4
29.3
39.7

170.3
6.4
2.9
93.2
5.4
18.4
3.4
6.9
6.1
7.2

172.7
6.5
2.9
95.3
5.4
18.8
3.4
7.0
6.0
7.2

172.7
6.5
2.9
95.6
5.5
19.1
3.4
7.0
6.0
7.2

1,017.4
52.3
15.2
478.1
44.1
132.9
15.2
45.0
50.4
43.5

1,032.0
53.7
15.2
488.9
44.9
136.9
15.4
45.2
51.6
44.3

1,035.7
53.7
15.5
490.4
45.1
137.9
15.4
45.6
51.5
44.8

426.9
8.3
271.5
11.1
15.4

432.7
8.5
270.5
12.6
15.8

437.8
8.6
274.2
12.8
15.8

121.6
6.6
87.2
2.0
3.0

124.6
6.8
88.8
2.2
3.0

125.0
6.8
89.1
2.1
3.0

583.9
26.3
376.7
14.5
25.0

591.7
27.2
383.0
14.3
25.4

595.3
27.1
385.3
14.5
25.4

240.8
20.6

241.4
20.5

240.9
20.6

52.3
15.2

53.4
15.7

53.1
15.7

234.0
52.5

234.4
53.7

234.9
54.6

418.4
106.6
196.4
23.6

420.5
107.7
196.2
23.7

421.4
107.8
197.1
23.6

163.6
73.4
82.7
10.5

164.4
78.2
81.9
10.3

165.4
78.5
82.3
10.6

611.6
220.4
300.4
44.3

609.3
227.0
302.5
44.4

614.9
228.9
304.3
44.8

Montana

23.3

24.2

23.8

20.8

21.3

21.1

95.1

95.7

96.1

Nebraslw

115.2
16.8
39.9

118.5
17.6
40.4

118.0
17.6
39.9

52.5
9.1
26.9

54.5
9.6
28.6

54.9
9.0
28.8

205.3
30.4
92.4

211.6
30.0
96.4

211.5
29.5
95.2

39.8
21.7
13.3

41.8
22.4
13.8

42.1
22.6
13.8

44.1
31.4
11.1

46.4
33.3
11.3

46.6
33.5
11.4

175.2
126.4
39.3

182.5
131.5
40.6

183.9
132.6
40.8

106.1
14.2
27.4
19.1

108.6
14.0
27.9
20.1

108.8
14.0
28.0
20.2

19.1
5.6
2.1
3.9

19.3
6.0
2.3
4.0

19.3
6.0
2.3
4.0

141.3
23.1
21.6
28.4

145.1
23.2
22.5
28.9

143.8
23.4
22.6
28.8

478.8
6.1
106.3
54.7
28.0
91.7
21.1
134.2
19.9
12.6

480.0
6.5
105.1
55.3
27.2
93.2
20.4
136.2
19.2
12.7

481.3
6.5
106.0
55.5
27.4
93.6
20.5
137.2
19.1
12.4

255.2
6.9
33.7
22.6
28.0
50.8
20.4
79.7
7.3
2.9

260.8
7.1
36.6
22.2
28.5
51.6
20.5
81.7
7.1
3.0

261.1
7.2
36.5
22.2
28.4
51.8
20.7
81.0
7.2
3.0

850.2
31.9
173.7
122.6
55.7
140.1
93.8
185.9
32.0
11.0

862.0
32.1
175.0
124.1
54.9
144.5
95.2
188.8
32.6
11.4

864.3
33.4
176.0
124.4
54.7
144.7
96.5
189.7
32.7
11.4

45.0
28.7
2.7
2.1

45.4
29.4
2.6
2.0

44.9
29.2
2.6
2.0

31.8
15.4
1.8
1.2

32.7
15.9
1.8
1.1

32.6
16.0
1.8
1.1

164.3
79.3
10.3
14.8

165.5
79.4
11.1
14.5

166.7
80.3
11.1
14.7

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hempshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
Mar.
1997

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltinrore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarrrouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Dulutfi-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

130.0
72.3
33.7
49.4

130.6
72.5
33.5
49.1

130.8
72.5
33.8
49.5

736.5
379.8
152.3
279.1

748.4
390.1
154.6
287.3

756.0
394.5
154.4
290.0

423.8
212.2
87.4
167.0

423.3
212.8
89.1
171.9

427.7
215.5
89.2
173.0

211.3
3.2
157.5
3.2
1.5
4.3
3.7
1.8
1.9
12.7
14.9

214.4
3.0
159.8
3.3
1.6
4.3
3.8
1.8
1.9
12.9
14.9

215.2
3.1
160.4
3.3
1.7
4.2
3.8
1.8
1.9
13.0
15.0

1,087.5
17.0
738.0
24.8
12.6
41.9
31.0
16.4
13.6
77.1
65.7

1,115.9
17.6
755.3
26.4
13.3
43.8
32.9
17.2
13.9
80.6
65.7

1,125.7
17.9
761.8
26.7
13.6
44.1
33.2
17.4
13.9
80.8
66.2

407.3
7.3
228.2
16.3
7.9
19.0
15.2
9.9
5.0
45.9
33.7

412.6
7.4
229.3
16.5
8.3
18.7
15.7
9.9
5.3
47.0
35.2

413.9
7.4
229.7
16.6
8.4
19.2
15.9

205.7
9.6
2.6
112.5
6.3
21.8
1.9
10.8
13.5
6.8

206.8
10.0
2.4
112.5
6.5
22.5
1.9
10.9
13.9
6.8

207.4
10.1
2.4
112.8
6.5
22.6
1.9
10.9
13.9
6.8

1,194.2
63.2
18.7
628.4
50.1
138.3
14.1
52.6
56.2
47.4

1,228.8
65.1
18.7
644.7
51.3
142.5
14.3
53.2
56.8
48.3

1,233.6
65.1
19.0
652.4
51.6
143.6
14.4
53.7
57.1
48.6

673.2
72.2
8.8
234.6
25.6
55.3
10.3
35.9
68.9
22.8

674.1
73.4
8.8
234.7
25.2
56.5
10.4
35.7
68.0
22.8

677.5
73.2
8.9
235.3
25.4
56.8
10.6
36.0
67.8
22.8

144.2
3.3
113.2
2.2
2.9

148.6
3.4
115.5
2.3
3.0

148.9
3.4
116.0
2.3
3.1

684.7
30.7
461.2
32.0
20.9

704.7
31.8
473.1
32.5
21.5

710.6
31.9
477.0
32.5
21.8

387.2
24.1
222.9
7.3
13.2

389.1
23.4
226.7
7.1
13.3

388.3
23.4
226.8
7.2
13.0

41.2
15.3

41.2
16.2

41.1
16.2

253.5
57.7

261.8
59.0

262.7
59.3

220.0
45.4

223.6
45.6

223.5
45.5

152.4
63.3
78.7
6.8

154.5
66.2
80.3
7.0

155.5
66.6
80.5
7.0

724.5
264.6
401.3
46.1

732.1
272.4
404.1
49.7

738.0
274.2
409.5
50.4

419.9
132.6
159.9
18.2

426.2
137.1
157.3
20.3

427.1
137.7
159.0
18.9

9.9
5.5
47.2
35.3

Montana

16.1

16.6

16.7

101.2

104.4

105.1

79.3

78.8

79.5

Nebraska

54.3
9.1
33.1

56.2
9.6
36.1

56.3
9.6
36.3

226.9
36.8
131.6

233.5
36.7
134.2

235.3
37.4
134.4

153.5
36.2
50.7

154.2
35.3
52.3

154.9
35.6
52.2

39.6
30.0
7.8

41.4
31.2
8.2

41.7
31.3
8.3

377.1
282.6
67.6

386.1
290.8
67.4

388.4
291.9
68.1

107.3
66.0
23.5

111.0
69.8
23.7

111.8
70.6
23.9

29.0
7.4
4.2
6.2

29.1
7.2
4.2
6.3

29.3
7.1
4.2
6.3

158.8
30.1
22.6
28.5

162.7
30.2
23.7
28.5

162.9
30.8
23.7
28.9

81.2
10.7
8.4
22.1

80.4
11.3
8.7
21.7

80.5
11.2
8.8
21.3

235.7
6.0
33.9
22.1
25.5
44.5
17.8
70.9
11.2
3.2

240.2
6.2
34.5
22.9
26.3
45.3
17.5
72.5
11.4
3.0

241.4
6.2
34.6
23.5
26.3
45.3
17.3
72.8
11.4
3.0

1,142.3
83.0
189.2
142.1
57.8
174.3
116.7
292.6
69.5
12.2

1,175.8
83.1
192.9
145.9
58.7
187.5
118.2
301.9
69.9
12.2

1,190.0
84.1
196.2
147.1
58.9
189.4
121.0
304.4
71.4
12.3

575.2
28.5
71.9
79.9
39.0
77.9
63.7
144.3
52.8
12.9

573.6
28.6
72.3
80.5
38.3
78.5
63.4
142.1
51.5
14.0

576.5
28.7
73.3
81.0
38.5
78.5
63.8
142.5
51.7
14.1

31.4
16.9
2.0
3.2

31.1
16.5
1.9
3.2

31.2
16.6
2.0
3.2

192.3
102.8
10.6
20.5

1967
105.1
11.1
20.9

197.4
105.1
11.2
21.1

177.0
62.8
19.9
25.5

180.9
65.6
20.0
25.4

181.7
65.5
20.3
25.4

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hfiwipshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




State and area

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PI^SA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-HIgh Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Spnngfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




Construction

Mining

Total

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

7,937.1
427.2
110.8
536.6
105.9
42.4
46.7
1,101.6
3,891.4
3,390.3
117.8
521.8
99.5
331.6
124.4
381.7

7,974.0
426.2
113.0
534.2
106.0
42.3
47.8
1,106.2
3,917.0
3,415.5
117.7
520.0
99.7
331.6
125.9
381.6

8,044.9
428.4
113.7
537.3
106.9
42.4
47.5
1,122.1
3,956.7
3,449.6
118.3
521.7
101.8
332.2
126.1
385.0

3,615.4
105.9
748.4
628.4
603.5

3,704.5
108.2
766.5
637.0
631.4

3,720.6
108.7
767.6
637.4
633.0

306.8
47.2
93.6
47.1

313.8
48.4
97.6
48.2

313.8
48.6
97.7
48.2

5,306.1
318.1
178.1
831.1
1,117.7
800.9
471.3
117.2
75.9
78.3
47.5
314.3
243.3

5,350.6
320.9
181.8
845.2
1,138.6
819.5
474.3
118.0
77.9
78.9
49.8
313.9
245.9

5,389.5
323.1
182.6
853.9
1,145.7
823.7
476.9
118.4
77.9
79.2
50.0
315.4
247.6

1,376.4
24.2
37.4
497.0
367.3

1,402.6
25.2
36.6
501.4
379.7

1,495.3
135.3
66.0
900.6
128.9
5,331.4
262.9
56.7
127.3
346.2
86.5
209.7
2,238.4
664.5
1,061.2
163.2
272.3
45.6
66.2
52.6
161.1

Mar.
1997

4.0
.4

240.8
12.3
3.1
17.0
3.8
1.3
1.6
47.6
114.5
92.9
3.9
13.9
3.4
10.6
2.6
16.4

3.9

198.5
5.8
45.4
30.1
32.9

202.0
5.5
47.0
31.4
35.1

204.5
5.6
47.1
31.5
35.3

3.9

11.0
2.0
4.3
1.8

12.1
2.1
4.4
2.4

12.3
2.2
4.5
2.3

13.1
.4
.5
.7
.9
.7
.4

199.0
11.5
7.9
37.5
39.6
33.6
16.3
6.5
3.7
2.2
1.5
13.1
9.0

206.2
11.6
7.9
38.8
40.5
34.7
16.6
6.7
3.6
2.3
1.5
13.4
9.1

!

.3

.3
(M

.3
(M

.4

.4

.3

O
(M

(M

(M
4.0

3.9

(M

(M

(M
4.0

3.8
(M
(M

(M

Mar.
1998P

232.2
12.0
3.0
16.3
3.8
1.3
1.6
45.5
109.9
89.2
3.8
13.6
3.4
10.3
2.6
15.6

(M

(M

(M

Feb.
1998

236.5
12.4
3.0
16.9
3.8
1.4
1.6
44.6
111.7
90.7
3.7
14.7
3.3
10.6
2.4
16.0

3.9
.4

3.6
.3

i

(M

Mar.
1997

Mar.
1998P

Feb.
1998

(M

.4
.2
.6

.4
.1
.5

.4
.1
.5

199.8
11.3
7.4
36.5
38.7
31.7
15.7
6.3
3.3
2.3
1.5
13.5
8.6

1,412.8
25.3
36.8
505.8
381.7

31.8
1.2
.1
7.0
7.7

31.6
1.2
.1
7.3
7.5

32.3
1.2
.1
7.4
7.5

50.1
1.0
1.2
18.8
14.3

50.6
1.1
1.0
18.1
15.7

51.4
1.1
1.0
18.4
15.7

1,534.0
137.2
68.1
930.0
130.0

1,541.0
138.4
68.4
937.2
130.8

1.7
.2
.1
1.0
.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3

75.1
6.6
3.0
50.0
7.0

78.3
7.0
3.1
50.7
7.4

78.8
7.1
3.1
51.0
7.5

5,376.8
264.1
57.8
128.3
349.6
87.1
213.7
2,243.4
669.9
1,059.6
164.4
272.4
47.4
68.7
52.7
164.0

5,406.2
265.0
58.1
128.3
351.7
87.0
215.8
2,253.7
669.3
1,063.0
165.1
273.2
47.8
68.9
53.4
164.0

19.6

19.3

19.6

193.7
9.6
22
3.8
11.7
4.2
11.6
81.7
10.6
45.4
6.5
9.0
1.3
1.9
1.9
7.6

193.9
9.2
2.1
3.7
11.7
4.0
11.7
82.8
9.9
44.2
6.7
9.6
1.2
2.1
1.9
7.7

201.2
9.4
2.1
3.7
12.0
4.0
12.1
84.8
10.2
45.1
6.8
9.6
1.3
2.1
2.1
7.9

13.2
.5
.5
.7
.9
.6
.4

12.9
.4
.5
.7
.7
.7
.4

O
(M

(M

(M

O

(M

(M

< )

(M

(M

(M

.4
(M
(M

.3
(M
4.6

4.3
(M

(M
.4

(M
(M

4.6
(M

.3

(M
.4

.3
(M
(M

.3

(M
.4

.4

Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Mar.
1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazieton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

915.2
38.2
24.3
89.1
17.4
9.6
8.2
112.6
316.4
263.5
11.9
126.4
12.1
48.1
19.6
38.9

910.6
38.7
24.8
89.5
18.1
9.7
8.5
112.2
310.8
258.4
11.3
124.3
12.3
49.0
19.6
38.2

915.6
38.8
25.0
89.6
18.2
9.7
8.5
112.9
314.2
261.8
11.6
123.9
12.4
49.3
19.6
38.2

406.6
17.1
4.9
24.9
3.6
1.5
1.4
51.3
233.1
206.7
6.7
16.6
6.2
19.2
3.9
19.5

405.6
16.9
4.7
24.6
3.4
1.4
1.4
52.2
233.3
206.6
6.8
16.7
6.4
19.7
3.6
19.6

407.9
17.1
4.7
24.7
3.5
1.5
1.5
52.6
234.4
207.7
6.9
16.7
6.4
19.7
3.6
19.6

1,601.5
89.7
23.3
127.8
19.9
10.3
10.4
280.6
677.8
568.3
31.8
108.6
22.0
76.2
25.6
83.3

1,609.3
89.5
23.8
126.6
19.5
10.1
10.7
280.9
686.6
577.3
32.0
108.9
22.0
76.6
25.3
83.2

1,619.5
90.0
23.9
127.1
19.7
10.2
10.6
284.6
692.9
581.8
32.1
109.9
23.3
77.0
25.5
83.6

833.7
19.8
144.7
164.6
81.9

830.5
19.7
144.0
164.8
84.9

829.0
19.7
143.6
164.6
85.6

168.6
4.5
53.7
33.3
25.6

169.9
4.5
52.8
31.8
27.5

170.2
4.5
53.0
31.8
27.6

823.2
26.1
180.3
142.0
127.4

831.6
26.6
186.1
142.0
132.2

834.4
26.9
186.3
142.0
132.3

22.6
2.5
7.8
3.6

23.5
2.6
8.2
3.6

23.6
2.6
8.2
3.6

18.0
3.1
5.3
2.2

18.2
3.1
5.2
2.4

18.2
3.1
5.2
2.4

78.8
11.6
26.8
12.9

80.1
12.0
27.5
12.8

80.1
12.0
27.5
12.9

1,086.5
64.3
45.9
140.1
223.6
91.8
99.6
21.2
19.5
22.9
11.3
60.7
58.9

1,092.1
64.3
46.9
140.6
224.4
93.7
100.0
20.8
19.5
22.8
13.9
61.1
59.1

1,094.1
64.3
47.0
141.4
224.7
93.8
20.7
19.5
22.9
14.0
61.3
59.3

230.5
14.3
5.1
44.1
44.4
35.9
20.6
4.8
2.9
3.5
2.7
13.9
10.2

231.2
14.5
5.2
44.0
44.9
35.8
20.7
4.8
3.1
3.3
2.6
14.5
10.5

232.4
14.7
5.2
44.4
45.0
36.3
20.8
4.8
3.1
3.3
2.6
14.6
10.5

1,284.0
78.5
44.3
214.1
263.9
210.0
108.1
31.6
17.7
17.7
10.6
77.5
61.4

1,286.2
79.4
45.5
214.7
269.1
213.3
109.3
31.4
18.3
18.4
10.2
77.2
61.6

1,294.8
80.1
45.9
215.5
270.7
213.8
110.1
31.1
18.4
18.6
10.2
77.3
62.0

178.7
2.1
3.7
52.6
56.3

183.9
2.4
3.5
54.9
57.6

184.2
2.4
3.6
55.1
57.5

77.6
2.0
1.7
24.3
28.7

80.5
2.0
1.7
24.9
30.3

80.9
2.0
1.6
25.2
30.5

320.2
5.9
9.0
117.7
87.0

321.5
6.1
8.7
117.8
86.3

323.3
6.2
8.8
118.8
87.2

236.8
20.5
8.8
144.7
16.6

241.9
21.2
8.8
150.0
16.8

241.8
21.2
8.8
150.5
16.9

73.6
4.5
3.3
51.6
3.5

74.0
4.5
3.4
53.7
3.4

73.9
4.6
3.4
54.6
3.4

365.7
33.4
18.9
222.1
27.2

374.8
34.3
19.4
230.4
27.5

376.5
34.5
19.5
232.1
27.6

928.7
56.7
10.1
33.4
44.8
12.5
56.6
304.6
59.4
134.2
44.1
55.1
10.2
8.5
13.1
47.4

934.6
56.2
10.0
34.1
45.1
12.6
56.4
302.4
57.3
138.6
43.6
53.8
10.9
8.7
13.1
47.8

934.8
56.3
10.0
34.0
45.3
12.5
56.4
302.9
57.4
137.9
43.2
54.2
11.1
8.8
13.2
47.6

278.2
15.5
4.3
4.8
22.8
5.2
8.4
107.8
34.0
66.6
7.8
15.2
1.9
2.1
2.0
7.5

278.8
15.4
4.2
4.7
23.3
5.0
8.5
108.9
34.2
64.9
7.9
15.5
1.9
2.0
1.9
7.7

279.5
15.6
4.2
4.7
23.2
4.9
8.6
109.6
34.5
65.3
8.0
15.4
1.9
2.1
1.9
7.6

1,191.9
55.5
15.1
28.6
76.3
20.1
51.5
491.1
107.9
251.7
38.4
64.9
11.9
12.5
12.9
38.7

1,195.8
56.0
15.6
28.7
78.0
19.9
52.6
488.4
107.4
253.0
38.4
64.0
12.4
13.1
12.9
39.8

1,201.8
55.9
15.8
28.7
78.2
20.0
53.2
488.7
107.9
252.9
38.7
63.9
12.4
13.1
12.9
39.8

100.1

State and area
Mar.
1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghanfiton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North CwollnB
Asheville .
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-DurhanrvChapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massilton
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Colunnbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-MkJdIetown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton ..
AKoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle ...
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Ban-e-Hazleton,
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




Feb.
1998

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

714.9
25.3
3.7
28.6
4.5
1.3
2.2
78.8
500.4
468.0
5.4
21.3
5.0
17.8
7.7
26.2

716.8
25.2
3.7
28.9
4.4
1.2
2.1
78.2
503.3
471.0
5.5
20.8
4.8
17.7
7.5
26.1

719.2
25.2
3.7
28.9
4.4
1.2
2.1
78.9
505.1
472.5
5.4
20.9
4.9
17.7
7.5
26.1

2,663.9
134.4
29.4
160.9
33.6
10.9
13.0
352.8
1,440.0
1,263.9
30.6
153.7
31.4
98.3
37.0
138.7

2,717.1
134.3
30.4
160.5
33.7
10.9
13.5
357.7
1,472.2
1,294.3
30.8
155.7
31.6
97.4
39.4
1402

2,750.0
135.1
30.6
162.0
34.2
10.9
13.3
364.5
1,489.2
1,309.1
30.9
156.2
31.9
96.7
39.4
142.1

1,394.7
109.6
22.2
88.5
23.1
7.5
10.0
180.9
612.0
528.9
27.7
80.3
19.6
61.3
28.2
59.2

1,378.8
109.4
22.6
87.8
23.1
7.6
10.1
179.6
600.9
518.5
27.5
79.7
19.2
61.0
27.9
58.8

1,387.9
109.6
22.6
88.0
23.0
7.6
10.0
180.9
606.4
523.5
27.6
79.8
19.5
61.1
27.9
58.9

162.6
3.2
52.7
32.2
28.7

170.8
3.1
54.4
33.0
30.4

172.3
3.1
54.5
33.1
30.3

840.6
30.8
182.3
157.8
185.4

889.7
32.7
188.5
165.8
196.0

896.8
32.7
189.2
165.8
196.4

584.3
15.7
89.3
68.4
121.6

606.0
16.1
93.7
68.2
125.3

609.5
16.2
93.9
68.6
125.5

14.5
2.3
5.9
1.5

15.3
2.3
6.4
1.5

15.3
2.3
6.4
1.5

85.7
15.6
28.6
12.6

88.0
15.6
30.2
12.2

88.2
15.7
30.3
12.1

72.4
10.1
14.9
12.5

72.6
10.7
15.7
13.3

72.2
10.7
15.6
13.4

283.2
12.9
5.8
52.0
73.2
70.6
17.8
6.2
2.0
2.8
1.4
10.7
9.2

287.6
13.0
6.0
54.2
74.3
72.0
18.2
6.4
2.1
2.5
1.5
10.9
9.4

288.2
13.0
6.1
54.3
74.4
72.4
18.1
6.4
2.1
2.5
1.4
11.0
9.4

1,433.9
87.0
49.1
242.2
327.1
222.5
136.0
25.9
20.0
18.5
13.2
88.9
62.3

1,466.5
88.5
49.9
2503
3392
231.9
137.9
26.6
20.6
19.3
13.2
88.7
63.1

1,481.0
89.2
50.2
254.6
342.6
233.1
138.9
27.1
20.6
19.0
13.4
89.1
63.7

775.0
49.3
20.0
101.4
145.9
137.8
73.1
21.2
10.5
10.6
6.4
48.9
32.1

775.1
49.3
19.9
103.2
146.4
138.5
71.5
21.5
10.6
10.4
6.5
48.3
32.7

779.7
49.8
19.8
104.2
146.9
138.9
71.9
21.6
10.6
10.6
6.5
48.6
33.1

68.5
1.0
1.7
28.3
19.7

70.0
1.0
1.7
29.1
20.4

70.2
1.0
1.7
29.3
20.7

370.2
6.8
8.3
144.4
111.1

381.5
7.2
8.2
145.7
119.2

385.1
7.2
8.2
147.4
119.7

279.3
4.2
11.7
103.9
42.5

283.0
4.2
11.7
103.6
42.7

285.4
4.2
11.8
104.2
42.9

93.8
7.2
3.0
66.3
6.6

95.1
7.4
3.1
66.5
6.5

95.5
7.4
3.1
66.5
6.5

393.0
36.4
18.2
247.4
30.6

407.9
36.8
19.3
257.2
30.8

410.6
37.4
19.4
260.1
31.4

255.6
26.5
10.7
117.5
37.2

260.2
25.8
10.9
120.4
37.4

262.1
26.0
11.0
121.3
37.2

309.2
13.0
1.9
5.4
25.8
4.1
9.2
155.2
52.5
61.2
8.8
13.9
1.4
2.0
2.1
4.9

315.3
13.1
1.9
5.4
25.6
4.1
9.7
167.1
54.0
62.0
8.6
14.0
1.6
2.0
2.1
5.1

316.6
13.2
1.9
5.4
25.5
4.1
9.7
158.2
53.9
62.1
8.5
14.2
1.6
2.0
2.1
5.1

1.679.3
81.5
14.9
35.5
92.2
26.4
53.0
796.3
278.9
368.9
38.4
78.2
13.4
13.6
14.3
37.8

1,714.8
82.6
15.8
35.6
98.1
27.5
55.1
805.0
286.7
365.7
39.4
79.5
13.7
13.8
14.6
39.1

1.724.8
82.8
15.9
35.6
99.3
27.4
56.1
809.3
284.7
367.9
40.1
80.1
13.8
13.9
15.0
39.1

730.8
31.1
8.2
15.8
72.6
14.0
19.0
301.7
121.2
128.9
19.2
35.6
5.5
25.6
6.3
16.8

724.3
31.6
8.2
16.1
67.8
14.0
19.4
298.8
120.4
126.6
19.8
35.7
5.7
27.0
6.2
16.4

727.9
31.8
8.2
16.2
68.2
14.1
19.4
300.2
120.7
127.2
19.8
35.5
5.7
26.9
6.2
16.5

(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Mar.
1997

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wan«ick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vennont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

.1
.2

439.5
496.0

446.3
502.4

447.6
503.8

.2
.2

1,705.0
218.0
280.4
455.4

1,743.0
226.5
285.5
463.0

1,766.2
228.9
288.1
467.3

(M
(M
(M

345.1
44.5
99.4

349.8
45.1
103.2

352.0
44.9
104.4

(M
(M

2,554.2
220.8
200.1
311.2
556.6
619.4

2,589.9
221.4
201.0
312.5
555.5
633.0

2,607.0
223.3
202.0
315.6
560.2
635.8

(M

(M

8,475.5
54.9
92.1
558.0
154.7
73.6
97.2
67.9
154.0
1,720.6
239.5
694.2
86.6
1,861.9
95.9
59.1
86.9
112.2
133.6
101.0
43.1
655.5
43.5
50.5
76.0
34.8
94.2
59.0

8,751.0
55.9
94.4
581.4
158.6
75.3
99.3
69.8
156.2
1,808.8
244.9
715.9
86.6
1,939.9
98.5
61.5
88.9
115.2
141.8
105.8
43.5
673.3
44.0
51.2
78.0
35.6
97.1
59.8

8,802.8
56.2
94.8
585.0
159.4
74.7
100.9
70.3
157.2
1,813.4
246.5
721.6
88.9
1,950.9
99.0
61.4
89.2
116.2
142.8
106.3
43.6
677.6
44.1
51.4
78.5
35.9
97.2
60.1

161.8
1.6
.6
1.2
.7
1.4
(M
.8
2.4
11.7
(M
4.2
.7
65.7
(M
3.1
3.3
.1
1.1
12.6
.7
1.9
(M
(M
1.5
1.6
(M
1.2

168.4
1.7
.6
1.2
.8
1.3
(M
.9
2.4
11.5
(M
4.2
.7
69.9
(M
2.8
3.4
.1
1.2
13.6
.7
1.9
(M
(M
1.6
1.7
(M
1.1

980.8
134.6
659.9

1,007.5
137.4
678.4

1,017.2
138.6
684.0

(M

276.5
30.2
96.3

281.0
30.5
98.9

280.8
31.1
98.6

3,192.1
37.3
80.0
45.4
96.6
657.2
983.9
518.2
139.9

3,253.4
36.8
81.3
45.6
96.3
659.2
1,011.0
532.5
139.9

3,280.3
36.8
81.8
45.8
97.2
665.3
1,019.7
537.2
140.7

2,459.4
1,264.0
181.2
226.7

2,520.6
1,323.6
187.2
230.6

2,540.0
1,330.0
188.6
232.2

1.9

2.1

(M
(M

13.8
15.7

14.3
16.0

1.9

98.9
15.1
15.4
29.3

103.7
16.9
15.5
30.2

105.8
17.2
15.8
30.8

2.0

12.3
2.6
4.0

13.4
2.7
4.0

13.5
2.7
4.0

4.4

112.3
10.3
11.0
15.1
23.7
29.6

110.9
9.7
11.1
15.0
24.2
31.2

114.8
10.2
11.3
15.0
24.2
31.8

167.7
1.7
.6
1.2
.8
1.3
M
.9
2.4
11.5
M
4.2
.7
69.5
M
2.5
3.3
.1
1.2
13.5
.7
1.9
M
M
1.6
1.7
M
1.1

449.0
2.2
4.7
28.7
14.0
9.3
3.3
2.7
12.7
79.4
11.5
33.6
4.8
126.5
3.9
1.9
4.3
4.0
6.7
5.2
1.9
33.6
2.1
2.0
2.8
2.4
4.5
2.2

467.9
2.3
4.8
31.6
15.0
9.3
3.5
3.1
11.6
83.8
12.0
34.7
4.4
130.6
4.0
2.2
4.3
4.4
7.2
6.0
1.8
35.4
2.1
2.0
2.8
2.4
4.6
2.2

474.3
2.3
4.9
31.8
15.3
8.8
3.5
3.1
11.6
86.4
12.2
35.3
4.2
131.3
4.0
2.2
4.4
4.5
7.3
6.1
1.8
35.7
2.1
2.1
2.9
2.5
4.8
2.2

8.3

59.4
8.4
40.3

61.4
8.1
41.6

63.8
8.4
43.2

(M
(M
(M

(M

(M
4.4

(M

(M
.5

.5

8.1

.6
(M

(

(

(

(
(

(

8.2
(M

(M

Mar.
1998P

12.4
13.6

2.0

4.5

Feb.
1998

.2
.2

1.9
(M
(M
(M

Mar.
1997

3.0

3.0

2.9

.5

.4

.5

10.2
1.1
4.1

10.4
1.0
4.0

10.4
1.2
4.0

180.7
1.5
4.2
2.4
5.7
39.9
53.8
31.9
8.2

182.0
1.3
4.2
2.1
5.5
38.5
54.8
33.5
8.3

186.2
1.3
4.3
2.2
5.7
39.1
55.6
34.0
8.5

126.1
62.1
9.4
11.6

127.9
63.4
9.4
13.0

131.2
64.2
9.9
12.9

(M

(M

(M

11.3
(M

10.9
(M

11.0
(M

o
0)
(M

(M
(M

(M
.7
.7

(M

.7
.8
(M

3.2
.6
(M

3.3
.7
(M

.2

.7
.7
(M
3.3
.7
(M

.2

.2

State and area
Mar.
1997

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wan^^ick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsviile-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Voimont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma




Feb.
1998

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

79.7
101.7

78.9
102.1

78.8
102.0

15.0
17.4

15.7
17.9

15.7
17.9

94.8
112.9

95.4
111.5

95.3
112.0

362.0
21.2
25.8
122.9

361.5
21.7
25.8
122.1

362.3
21.7
26.1
123.0

74.2
11.7
12.9
20.5

75.4
12.6
12.6
20.6

76.3
12.8
12.7
20.8

402.1
54.2
63.9
113.6

418.2
54.7
66.1
117.0

426.3
55.3
66.7
118.3

48.6
4.2
13.6

49.0
4.5
14.4

49.1
4.5
14.4

16.2
1.9
6.5

15.9
1.8
6.3

15.9
1.8
6.3

85.4
13.2
25.4

84.8
13.3
25.8

85.9
13.3
26.1

516.6
42.5
53.0
48.6
63.2
96.0

517.6
42.9
51.1
49.2
62.8
98.1

518.7
42.8
51.5
49.5
63.0
98.1

148.6
11.6
8.0
14.4
62.6
31.1

151.0
12.0
7.6
14.1
61.7
31.3

151.3
12.0
7.7
14.3
62.3
31.4

598.6
52.1
44.6
82.1
139.7
149.5

605.4
52.4
45.0
81.3
139.3
152.6

610.2
52.8
45.3
82.6
140.1
153.3

1,069.8
3.2
9.2
74.4
24.4
16.6
12.6
3.6
13.4
242.8
43.2
107.9
8.0
205.1
9.2
1.4
18.7
7.5
12.8
7.3
5.3
49.9
10.5
5.9
11.3
3.2
16.5
8.3

1,090.2
3.2
9.4
77.9
24.9
16.7
12.0
4.2
13.4
248.2
40.9
109.7
8.0
214.7
9.1
1.6
19.0
7.8
13.2
7.5
4.7
50.2
10.6
6.0
10.8
3.2
16.4
8.5

1,092.9
3.2
9.3
78.2
25.0
16.7
12.0
4.2
13.4
248.1
40.8
110.1
8.0
215.7
9.1
1.5
19.2
7.8
13.2
7.5
4.7
49.5
10.6
5.9
10.8
3.2
16.4
8.5

501.3
2.4
5.5
18.3
8.1
2.7
4.2
1.3
6.4
116.1
12.9
63.3
4.2
128.8
3.4
9.7
3.9
5.7
4.6
4.1
2.3
29.9
1.6
2.2
3.5
1.5
3.6
3.0

528.0
2.4
5.6
19.1
7.9
2.8
4.4
1.5
6.4
124.8
13.7
67.2
4.3
136.3
3.6
10.7
4.0
5.6
4.9
4.2
2.3
31.0
1.6
2.3
3.9
1.5
3.9
2.9

530.6
2.4
5.6
19.2
7.9
2.9
4.5
1.5
6.4
125.6
13.9
67.6
4.3
136.4
3.6
10.8
4.0
5.6
4.9
4.2
2.3
30.9
1.6
2.3
3.9
1.5
3.9
2.9

2,009.1
14.2
25.7
119.0
35.5
14.2
23.8
14.6
35.6
420.3
56.2
174.3
18.8
426.6
222
16.0
21.4
31.7
37.5
26.7
10.2
158.3
9.7
13.1
19.3
9.1
21.3
13.6

2,058.9
14.5
25.9
123.4
35.9
14.8
24.2
15.0
35.6
434.0
57.7
181.9
19.2
443.6
22.8
16.6
22.3
32.2
40.2
27.1
10.1
161.7
9.5
13.2
20.0
9.4
22.0
13.4

2,073.7
14.6
26.2
124.1
36.1
14.8
24.7
14.9
36.1
434.1
58.0
183.0
19.3
445.7
22.9
16.5
22.5
32.3
40.4
27.3
10.2
162.9
9.6
13.4
20.1
9.4
22.3
13.5

131.5
19.3
81.4

134.3
20.2
82.8

134.7
20.4
83.0

55.3
2.2
43.5

57.4
2.3
45.6

57.6
2.3
45.9

233.1
29.8
158.9

238.3
30.3
162.9

240.1
30.4
163.3

45.9
3.3
17.6

46.9
3.3
18.3

46.9
3.3
18.3

12.1
1.1
4.7

12.3
1.1
4.5

12.3
1.1
4.5

63.6
6.6
21.8

64.0
6.8
21.6

64.2
7.0
21.8

401.0
10.0
8.0
15.5
25.5
68.0
41.7
61.0
19.8

405.6
9.6
8.2
15.2
25.1
68.8
44.7
61.7
19.0

406.0
9.4
8.2
15.1
25.1
68.9
44.9
62.1
18.9

164.6
1.3
2.2
1.0
3.6
31.5
59.1
26.8
8.6

170.0
1.3
2.2
1.0
3.6
32.0
60.3
27.6
8.5

171.3
1.3
2.3
1.0
3.6
32.0
60.2
28.0
8.6

711.0
9.8
16.2
9.8
20.4
152.8
211.7
122.2
35.9

717.8
9.9
16.3
9.7
20.0
151.5
211.5
125.4
35.8

720.7
10.0
16.5
9.9
20.3
152.9
213.0
126.3
35.9

358.6
211.5
222
25.3

371.7
225.0
23.0
25.2

372.8
225.8
23.0
25.1

131.1
76.7
7.6
9.5

133.7
79.3
7.9
9.6

134.7
80.1
7.9
9.6

588.3
295.7
45.2
55.7

601.7
304.2
47.3
58.4

605.9
306.6
47.4
58.8

(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Mar.
1997

Rhode island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

TannossGG
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

26.3
28.2

26.8
28.8

26.8
28.9

147.4
156.8

149.4
159.6

150.2
160.1

63.7
65.2

66.2
66.6

66.3
66.7

73.4
8.2
19.7
15.6

75.6
8.3
20.4
15.6

76.5
8.4
20.5
15.7

387.9
58.7
69.2
96.3

400.2
62.1
70.0
98.6

408.5
62.9
70.6
99.6

304.6
48.9
73.5
57.2

306.5
50.2
75.1
58.9

308.6
50.6
75.7
59.1

20.5
1.7
11.2

21.5
1.7
12.2

21.6
1.7
12.3

88.9
13.5
29.0

91.9
13.6
30.6

92.4
13.4
31.2

71.1
7.4
9.7

71.3
7.5
9.9

71.6
7.5
10.1

118.6
15.2
6.0
13.5
27.9
38.4

122.1
15.4
6.1
13.9
27.5
39.3

122.7
15.4
6.2
14.0
27.7
39.4

667.5
54.4
48.4
82.1
158.8
192.9

687.1
54.8
50.9
84.2
159.4
196.0

692.0
55.7
50.7
85.2
161.8
197.0

387.5
34.7
29.1
54.9
80.7
81.9

391.4
34.2
29.2
54.3
80.6
84.5

392.9
34.4
29.3
54.4
81.1
84.8

456.0
2.3
4.7
29.4
4.9
1.9
3.7
2.3
6.5
135.1
9.3
31.2
5.4
98.0
3.9
2.2
3.2
5.3
4.7
3.5
1.6
43.4
2.1
1.7
3.9
1.6
5.6
2.1

472.3
2.4
4.9
30.2
5.2
1.8
3.6
2.3
6.5
143.8
9.8
32.6
5.4
101.8
4.1
2.3
3.2
5.6
5.0
3.5
1.6
44.4
2.1
1.7
4.1
1.3
5.6
2.1

474.6
2.4
4.9
30.3
5.3
1.8
3.7
2.3
6.5
144.1
9.9
32.6
5.5
102.7
4.1
2.3
3.2
5.6
5.0
3.6
1.6
44.6
2.1
1.7
4.1
1.4
5.7
2.1

2.332.7
19.0
24.9
157.0
40.7
13.5
26.8
14.6
46.2
517.4
53.4
188.2
18.0
556.4
26.2
10.5
20.4
32.7
30 0
23.7
12.3
203.1
11.8
13.7
22.4
9.2
27.5
16.0

2,448.9
19.3
26.1
166.4
42.1
13.8
28.3
15.1
48.9
559.0
56.2
193.4
18.8
587.7
27.3
11.0
21.0
34.5
32.0
25.1
13.2
213.6
12.4
14.4
23.6
9.7
29.3
16.6

2,469.6
19.4
26.1
168.3
42.2
13.8
28.9
15.2
49.3
560.0
56.8
196.2
19.1
593.8
27.6
11.1
20.9
34.9
32.4
25.3
13.3
216.9
12.4
14.5
23.9
9.8
29.0
16.6

1,495.8
10.0
16.8
130.0
26.4
13.8
22.8
28.0
30.8
197.8
53.0
91.5
26.7
254.8
27.1
14.3
11.7
25.2
36.2
17.9
8.8
135.4
5.7
11.9
11.3
6.2
15.2
12.6

1,516.4
10.1
17.1
131.6
26.8
14.8
23.3
27.7
31.4
203.7
54.6
92.2
27.8
255.3
27.6
14.3
11.7
25.0
38.1
18.8
9.1
135.1
5.7
11.6
11.2
6.4
15.3
13.0

1,519.4
10.2
17.2
131.9
26.8
14.6
23.6
28.2
31.5
203.6
54.9
92.6
27.8
255.8
27.7
14.5
11.7
25.4
38.4
18.8
9.0
135.2
5.7
11.5
11.2
6.4
15.1
13.2

52.3
38
43.2

53.5
4.1
43.7

53.7
42
44.0

265.9
52.2
176.6

275.2
52.8
183.6

278.2
53.2
185.7

175.2
18.9
113.0

179.2
19.6
115.2

180.8
19.7
116.0

11.9
2.6
4.7

12.0
2.4
5.0

12.1
2.4
5.0

85.0
8.4
27.7

87.4
8.8
29.2

86.9
8.9
29.2

47.3
7.1
15.7

47.6
7.1
16.3

47.5
7.2
15.8

166.4
1.2
3.9
1.4
4.1
30.4
54.8
44.0
9.2

169.2
1.3
4.2
1.4
4.4
31.2
555
44.6
9.2

170.3
1.3
4.1
1.4
4.3
31.5
55.9
44.6
9.4

952.1
7.9
19.3
9.2
24.4
191.3
380.6
132.8
40.3

992.8
7.9
19.8
10.2
25.2
191.7
403.2
141.3
41.4

1,007.9
7.9
19.9
10.2
25.6
194.7
408.6
144.2
41.7

605.0
5.6
26.2
6.1
12.9
143.3
181.5
98.8
17.9

605.1
5.5
26.4
6.0
12.5
145.5
180.3
97.6
17.7

606.9
5.6
26.5
6.0
12.6
146.2
180.8
97.3
17.7

125.4
75.6
10.6
12.0

131.1
80.1
11.1
12.2

132.0
80.6
11.2
12.3

664.5
363.3
55.0
64.7

685.9
386.3
56.8
64.0

695.6
390.4
57.4
65.3

462.2
178.5
31.2
47.7

465.3
184.6
31.7
48.0

464.5
181.6
31.8
48.0

Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Mar.
1998P

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

695.9
128.7
119.0
67.8
63.4

700.5
130.5
121.3
70.0
65.1

705.6
130.5
122.1
69.9
65.5

24.7
1.9
1.6
.3
1.6

22.9
1.8
1.3
.3
1.6

22.8
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5

30.9
6.3
5.3
4.2
2.0

29.7
6.0
5.5
3.9
2.0

30.3
5.7
5.8
3.8
2.0

2,584.4
187.6
70.4
131.3
67.7
49.4
66.9
262.8
811.2
78.1
56.5
62.5

2,645.0
192.7
72.6
132.4
69.0
50.9
68.2
268.2
833.1
81.3
57.3
64.3

2,655.0
193.9
72.9
132.9
69.4
51.1
68.4
268.8
834.9
81.8
58.0
64.4

2.1

1.9

2.0

92.8
9.5
2.1
5.6
2.5
1.9
2.2
10.9
26.7
2.6
2.1
2.4

95.7
9.9
2.2
5.6
2.5
1.8
2.2
11.5
28.8
2.8
2.1
2.7

96.1
9.8
2.3
5.6
2.5
1.8
2.2
11.5
28.4
2.9
2.2
2.7

Wyoming
Casper

215.0
29.6

213.6
29.6

215.7
29.7

15.9
1.8

16.5
2.1

16.5
2.0

12.4
1.5

12.2
1.5

12.7
1.5

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

979.9
66.7
69.2
75.7
613.9

955.9
65.9
67.7
75.0
600.2

958.0
65.2
67.4
75.1
601.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

56.8
3.2
3.5
5.1
39.3

53.8
3.0
4.3
4.7
37.5

55.4
3.1
4.2
4.8
38.2

41.7

41.9

41.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Betoit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

See footnotes at end of table.




I

(M

(M

(M

(M

(M

(M

(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Mar.
1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

81.2
9.9
17.1
13.1
5.7

82.5
10.2
16.8
13.4
6.0

82.6
10.3
16.6
13.3
6.1

38.6
9.3
6.7
2.6
2.7

38.3
9.3
6.7
2.6
2.8

38.2
9.2
6.6
2.6
2.8

158.3
30.9
30.9
16.9
16.3

158.8
30.9
30.8
16.8
16.6

160.6
31.1
30.8
17.0
16.8

596.3
57.6
11.8
27.6
20.9
11.1
11.3
28.8
174.3
25.2
23.3
17.6

612.3
58.5
12.7
28.2
21.7
11.6
11.8
29.7
178.1
25.9
23.6
18.0

613.8
58.7
12.7
28.3
21.7
11.6
11.9
29.8
178.3
26.0
23.9
18.1

121.5
7.3
3.5
9.6
2.5
1.9
2.9
9.1
39.2
2.4
1.7
3.3

122.4
7.4
3.5
9.8
2.6
2.1
2.8
9.5
40.0
2.3
1.7
3.4

123.0
7.5
3.5
9.9
2.6
2.1
2.8
9.5
40.0
2.2
1.8
3.4

585.2
39.4
19.4
30.8
15.6
12.1
17.8
55.8
176.4
15.8
10.3
15.2

592.3
41.1
19.8
30.7
15.5
11.8
17.8
55.4
178.2
15.9
10.4
15.9

595.5
41.4
19.6
30.9
15.7
11.9
17.9
55.3
179.3
16.0
10.5
16.0

10.3
1.5

10.5
1.5

10.6
1.5

13.7
1.7

13.6
1.7

13.5
1.7

50.1
8.3

49.3
8.2

49.8
8.2

153.4
16.0
19.4
10.4
70.6

145.1
15.7
17.6
9.9
66.0

144.6
15.3
17.5
10.0
65.9

26.0
.8
.7
2.3
20.3

25.9
.7
.7
2.2
20.2

26.6
.7
.7
2.3
20.7

195.6
14.3
11.6
13.0
130.1

194.2
15.1
11.5
13.0
128.3

192.8
14.9
11.2
12.7
127.5

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

9.7

9.2

9.2

Government

Sen/ices

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Mar.
1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands
^ Conibinod with construction.
2 Not available.
P - preliminary.




Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

27.7
7.5
3.7
2.5
2.8

28.0
7.6
3.9
2.6
2.9

28.0
7.6
3.9
2.6
2.9

194.1
39.2
32.0
17.6
22.1

201.0
40.7
34.9
19.6
23.1

201.8
40.8
35.2
19.5
23.2

140.4
23.7
21.7
10.6
10.2

139.3
24.0
21.4
10.8
10.1

141.3
24.0
21.9
10.8
10.2

138.5
9.3
2.4
9.5
1.8
1.6
2.4
20.8
57.1
2.2
2.1
4.7

141.0
9.6
2.5
9.4
1.9
1.7
2.6
21.6
58.4
2.3
2.2
4.8

141.3
9.8
2.5
9.4
1.9
1.8
2.6
21.8
58.2
2.3
2.2
4.8

654.4
42.0
18.9
32.3
15.9
12.9
19.9
66.3
247.7
20.9
10.7
11.7

681.3
44.0
19.6
32.6
15.9
13.7
20.4
68.4
258.3
22.6
10.9
11.9

684.9
44.1
19.8
32.8
16.1
13.6
20.6
68.8
259.7
23.0
11.0
12.0

393.6
22.4
12.3
16.0
8.6
8.0
10.4
71.0
89.7
8.9
6.3
7.4

398.0
22.2
12.4
16.0
8.8
8.2
10.6
72.1
91.3
9.6
6.3
7.6

398.3
22.6
12.4
15.9
8.9
8.3
10.5
72.1
91.0
9.4
6.4
7.4

8.0
1.2

8.2
1.2

8.2
1.2

45.5
8.1

45.2
8.0

45.6
8.0

59.1
5.5

58.1
5.4

58.8
5.6

46.0
1.6
2.0
2.2
36.2

45.6
1.7
2.0
2.3
35.7

45.7
1.7
2.0
2.4
35.7

194.5
12.1
10.9
16.7
131.7

190.1
12.1
10.8
16.8
129.3

191.2
12.0
11.1
16.7
129.6

306.5
18.7
21.1
26.0
185.1

300.1
17.6
20.8
26.1
182.6

300.6
17.5
20.7
26.2
183.1

1.8

1.9

1.9

10.2

10.8

10.7

13.5

13.5

13.5

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

34.6

34.4

34.6

34.5

34.3

-

-

-

-

-

41.2

41.1

40.9

40.8

40.2

-

-

-

-

-

45.7

45.1

43.9

43.3

43.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

45.1
48.6
46.1

44.1
45.5
46.2

44.4
45.8
45.2

44.9
46.2
45.7

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

46.4
46.5

45.1
45.2

45.3
45.2

45.1
45.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

45.4
42.6
46.8

44.6
41.9
45.9

43.1
42.0
43.6

42.1
40.8
42.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

46.4
48.0

47.1
48.9

45.1
46.6

44.9
45.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

38.4

38.7

37.9

37.8

-

-

-

-

-

Construction

—

37.9

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

38.0
36.8
38.3
39.2

38.4
37.1
40.4
39.6

37.6
36.0
38.1
39.3

37.4
36.1
39.0
38.6

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

41.3
40.3
41.6

42.1
42.3
42.1

41.4
40.1
41.8

41.3
39.8
41.7

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.8
38.9
36.5
39.8
35.5
35.4
33.2

38.0
39.1
36.5
39.8
35.6
35.7
34.0

37.2
38.6
36.2
39.5
35.2
34.5
32.7

37.3
38.9
36.7
39.5
34.2
35.3
32.4

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

42.0
42.9
40.7
40.2
42.5
42.9
40.9
41.2
39.9
40.8
42.5
46.3
38.8
37.1
37.1
40.4

41.8
42.7
41.2
41.1
42.4
42.7
41.2
41.7
40.8
41.6
42.9
45.4
39.0
38.4
38.7
41.2

41.7
42.5
40.5
40.2
41.7
42.0
41.0
41.0
39.8
41.3
42.2
43.6
38.4
38.3
38.1
40.4

41.7
42.5
40.8
40.4
41.8
42.1
40.5
41.4
39.8
41.9
42.1
44.2
38.1
38.4
38.4
40.7

40.8
41.4
40.9

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.9
39.1
39.2
38.6
40.8
39.5
40.7
40.5
42.3
39.1

39.5
38.5
39.0
37.2
41.2
38.0
40.3
40.1
42.5
39.6

40.5
40.4
40.4
39.8
43.6
40.0
41.0
40.1
41.1
39.1

40.4
40.3
40.2
39.9
42.5
40.1
39.9
40.4
41.6
39.6

39.8

Manufacturing




-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

4.7
5.1
4.1
5.5
5.2
5.7
3.5
4.1
2.9
4.3
5.4
6.3
3.4
1.9
1.8
3.3

4.6
5.0
4.4
5.7
5.2
5.7
3.3
4.5
3.5
5.2
5.2
5.7
3.3
2.2
2.0
3.7

4.5
4.9
4.0
5.6
4.7
5.0
3.4
4.2
3.0
5.1
5.2
5.6
3.3
2.1
2.0
3.3

4.6
4.9
4.2
5.6
4.9
5.3
3.5
4.5
3.1
5.5
5.3
6.1
3.2
2.4
2.5
3.5

3.1
2.7
2.8
2.1
3.8
3.5
3.2
4.1
3.8
2.8

3.0
2.5
2.6
1.6
4.8
2.7
3.3
3.6
4.2
3.2

3.4
3.3
3.0
2.9
6.8
3.5
3.9
3.6
3.2
3.4

3.4
3.2
3.1
2.7
5.0
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6

-

-

4.0
4.2
-

-

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing .
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
Coal mining
Bituminous coa\ and lignite mining

10
101
102
12
122

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

$12.17

$12.17

$12.63

$12.66

$12.68

$421.08

$418.65

$437.00

$436.77

$434.92

13.72

13.77

14.11

14.18

14.26

565.26

565.95

577.10

578.54

573.25

15.98

16.05

16.85

17.06

17.10

730.29

723.86

739.72

738.70

742.14

17.65
18.43
16.07

17.86
18.48
16.55

17.95
18.76
16.43

18.17
18.96
16.34

796.02
895.70
740.83

787.63
840.84
764.61

796.98
859.21
742.64

815.83
875.95
746.74

_

884.38
900.71

851.04
867.84

869.31
879.59

864.12
874.80

_

695.07
888.21
592.49

692.19
880.32
594.86

721.93
942.90
616.07

717.38
930.65
605.06

-

652.38
638.88

661.76
657.71

645.83
637.49

653.74
633.86

-

601.73

609.53

613.22

615.01

569.62
511.52
569.14
627.20

575.62
516.80
603.98
632.81

586.56
526.32
581.03
648.84

587.55
533.92
606.45
640.37

619.91
586.77
630.66

641.60
637.04
644.55

635.49
585.06
651.66

640.98
596.20
654.69

607.45
641.85
518.67
698.09
563.39
552.24
454.18

612.94
647.89
523.41
700.88
568.53
559.78
469.88

616.40
651.57
537.21
711.00
574.46
555.80
466.96

620.67
660.13
547.93
709.82
561.56
568.68
463.64

549.36
585.16
431.42
473.15
459.00
480.05
377.51
442.49
428.93
426.77
404.18
594.96
322.82
391.41
397.34
410.06

547.16
582.43
438.37
490.32
457.07
478.24
375.33
450.78
444.72
438.46
405.83
584.30
321.36
410.11
419.12
416.94

559.61
594.15
441.45
490.44
457.45
479.22
381.30
453.05
436.61
453.47
416.09
580.75
331.39
427.05
431.67
418.54

562.12
596.70
447.17
495.71
463.98
485.41
381.11
458.71
437.80
465.51
414.26
584.77
329.95
430.46
436.61
420.02

551.21
580.84
449.49

416.16
385.14
370.44
404.53
379.85
417.91
468.46
460.08
474.18
407.03

411.59
378.84
368.55
389.86
394.70
397.10
460.63
454.73
476.00
410.65

436.19
410.46
392.69
431.83
416.38
429.20
482.98
475.99
475.94
426.97

436.32
409.85
393.56
433.31
399.93
428.67
478.80
476.72
482.98
434.81

430.64

19.06
19.37

18.87
19.20

19.19
19.46

19.16
19.44

15.31
20.85
12.66

15.52
21.01
12.96

16.75
22.45
14.13

17.04
22.81
14.17

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

14.06
13.31

14.05
13.45

14.32
13.68

14.56
13.87

15.67

15.75

16.18

16.27

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction ....

15
152
153
154

14.99
13.90
14.86
16.00

14.99
13.93
14.95
15.98

15.60
14.62
15.25
16.51

15.71
14.79
15.55
16.59

Heavy construction, except building ...
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

15.01
14.56
15.16

15.24
15.06
15.31

15.35
14.59
15.59

15.52
14.98
15.70

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ..
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures




Apr.
1998P

Feb.
1998

13
131
138

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning .
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work ...

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1997

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas ,
Oil and gas field services

Construction

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

-

-

_
-

-

_
-

16.34

_
-

_
-

_
_

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

16.07
16.50
14.21
17.54
15.87
15.60
13.68

16.13
16.57
14.34
17.61
15.97
15.68
13.82

16.57
16.88
14.84
18.00
16.32
16.11
14.28

16.64
16.97
14.93
17.97
16.42
16.11
14.31

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

13.08
13.64
10.60
11.77
10.80
11.19
9.23
10.74
10.75
10.46
9.51
12.85
8.32
10.55
10.71
10.15

13.09
13.64
10.64
11.93
10.78
11.20
9.11
10.81
10.90
10.54
9.46
12.87
8.24
10.68
10.83
10.12

13.42
13.98
10.90
12.20
10.97
11.41
9.30
11.05
10.97
10.98
9.86
13.32
8.63
11.15
11.33
10.36

13.48
14.04
10.96
12.27
11.10
11.53
9.41
11.08
11.00
11.11
9.84
13.23
8.66
11.21
11.37
10.32

13.51
14.03
10.99

25
251
2511
25122514
2515
252
253
254
259

10.43
9.85
9.45
10.48
9.31
10.58
11.51
11.36
11.21
10.41

10.42
9.84
9.45
10.48
9.58
10.45
11.43
11.34
11.20
10.37

10.77
10.16
9.72
10.85
9.55
10.73
11.78
11.87
11.58
10.92

10.80
10.17
9.79
10.86
9.41
10.69
12.00
11.80
11.61
10.98

10.82

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
619.29

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

-

_
_
_
_
_
—

_
-

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

42.5
44.8
42.0
44.1
40.6
41.4
45.9
42.3
41.1
43.0
45.4
42.7
42.0
42.6
42.9
46.5

42.9
45.7
42.3
43.8
41.3
41.3
45.1
42.7
40.6
44.0
45.9
42.9
43.7
42.3
42.9
47.0

42.6
45.9
42.3
44.0
41.3
41.6
47.2
41.9
41.4
42.7
44.9
43.0
41.2
42.7
42.5
46.4

42.4
45.6
41.6
44.7
39.7
41.9
46.0
41.6
41.0
43.0
45.0
42.8
41.6
42.3
41.0
48.1

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1998P

42.8
-

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

44.8
44.7
44.9
44.6
46.4
47.0
49.1
44.2
43.9
43.6
44.9
44.1
47.8
44.6
43.5
43.1

44.7
44.9
45.2
44.8
46.0
46.7
49.0
43.5
44.0
43.8
44.5
43.8
47.1
43.9
43.7
43.1

44.7
45.2
45.7
45.2
45.2
45.6
49.8
44.0
44.2
44.7
44.9
43.4
46.9
44.7
43.2
42.6

44.6
45.2
45.8
43.5
45.1
46.0
51.8
43.2
44.1
44.6
44.5
43.5
45.6
44.0
43.0
43.1

43.4
44.2

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

42.5
42.9
43.2
42.5
41.3
43.0
42.2
42.3
40.1
41.5
42.7
39.5
43.3
41.0
40.6
44.2
43.0
45.6
44.0
45.7
45.1
41.8
41.5
41.1
42.2
40.5
40.6
42.6
42.4
40.8

42.4
42.6
42.6
42.3
41.9
42.7
42.1
42.2
39.8
41.6
42.7
40.4
42.5
41.2
40.8
43.8
42.9
44.9
44.1
45.4
45.3
42.0
41.7
41.0
42.7
39.4
40.7
42.3
42.0
40.4

42.3
43.6
43.8
42.1
43.0
41.9
41.0
41.3
39.2
41.4
42.4
39.1
43.4
41.0
41.0
44.7
43.1
46.6
43.2
45.7
43.6
41.4
41.7
41.2
42.6
40.5
41.6
42.7
42.2
40.3

42.2
42.6
42.7
41.7
42.8
41.4
40.8
40.9
38.8
41.7
42.2
40.2
43.6
41.0
40.9
44.4
42.6
46.5
43.2
45.1
43.6
41.6
41.4
41.2
41.7
40.4
40.7
42.3
41.7
40.3

40.9




-

-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

5.4
6.9
4.7
6.1
3.8
4.0
6.7
4.7
4.3
6.3
7.3
5.3
6.4
5.3
4.0
7.7

5.7
8.4
4.7
6.2
3.7
4.1
5.8
4.8
4.1
6.9
8.3
5.5
7.3
5.2
3.9
7.9

5.5
8.3
4.5
6.0
3.6
4.6
7.9
4.5
4.8
6.3
7.4
5.9
5.9
5.1
3.4
6.5

5.6
8.0
4.4
6.3
3.3
4.6
6.9
4.4
4.5
6.7
7.7
5.9
6.7
5.4
3.1
7.7

6.6
6.2
6.4
6.3
7.2
8.0
8.8
5.4
5.8
5.6
7.5
8.4
7.7
7.2
5.2
5.3

6.5
6.3
6.5
6.4
6.9
7.8
9.5
4.7
5.9
5.7
7.3
7.5
8.1
6.9
5.3
5.1

6.5
6.7
7.0
7.0
6.4
7.0
6.5
5.5
6.0
6.2
7.2
6.8
9.4
7.1
5.1
4.8

6.4
6.5
6.8
6.2
6.5
7.2
8.3
5.4
6.0
6.2
7.3
7.2
9.8
6.9
4.9
4.9

4.9
6.1
6.2
4.3
3.7
4.7
4.0
3.5
2.9
4.3
5.9
2.7
5.5
3.7
3.4
6.1
5.3
7.1
6.0
7.2
6.5
4.7
4.7
4.5
5.1
3.4
2.7
4.6
4.3
3.5

4.9
6.2
6.1
4.3
4.0
4.5
4.2
3.8
2.7
4.5
5.8
3.3
5.2
4.0
3.7
5.9
5.2
6.7
6.1
7.0
6.8
4.7
4.8
4.5
5.2
2.5
2.6
4.5
4.1
3.5

4.7
6.2
6.2
4.2
4.7
4.2
3.3
4.0
2.3
4.2
5.5
2.3
5.3
3.9
3.9
6.3
5.7
7.1
5.6
7.0
5.7
4.6
4.8
4.4
5.5
3.8
3.8
4.5
4.2
3.1

4.8
5.8
5.6
4.0
4.7
3.9
3.4
4.1
1.9
4.4
5.4
2.7
5.6
3.9
3.8
6.3
5.5
7.4
5.7
6.7
6.1
4.5
4.9
4.6
5.4
3.5
3.4
4.3
4.1
3.3

Apr.
1998P

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

$553.78
825.22
624.54
684.43
585.45
498.46
803.25
481.80
467.31
526.75
546.16
467.57
545.16
575.53
497.21
742.61

$560.27
840.42
631.96
696.86
589.35
491.47
781.58
491.48
462.84
545.16
552.64
471.04
575.09
571.47
495.92
732.73

$572.97
893.21
643.81
706.20
606.28
508.77
870.84
488.55
490.59
539.30
547.33
488.91
552.90
596.09
525.30
723.38

$571.55
893.76
634.40
710.73
587.96
506.57
841.80
482.14
483.39
549.54
554.85
489.63
567.01
593.05
506.76
737.85

$585.08

679.17
798.34
873.31
626.63
636.61
683.38
836.66
551.17
722.59
712.86
653.30
642.98
788.22
653.39
528.09
493.06

677.21
802.81
879.14
627.65
632.50
680.42
851.62
538.10
728.64
726.64
641.69
630.28
775.27
633.92
530.08
492.20

691.06
827.61
913.54
643.20
633.70
677.62
801.78
571.56
734.16
734.87
661.38
644.92
779.95
674.97
532.66
497.57

691.75
825.35
911.42
614.66
639.52
693.22
852.63
561.17
742.20
743.04
659.05
651.20
745.10
675.40
530.62
502.98

682.25
830.08

543.15
695.84
743.90
536.78
489.82
549.97
486.57
473.76
463.16
497.59
514.11
402.11
576.76
501.02
453.50
567.97
519.87
623.81
665.72
654.88
788.80
506.20
447.37
436.48
465.04
599.00
639.86
517.16
521.52
441.05

542.72
695.23
740.81
526.64
496.52
536.74
488.36
474.75
460.09
501.28
514.96
414.50
571.63
505.94
466.75
563.27
519.95
614.68
670.32
649.67
797.73
511.56
449.53
435.01
471.84
581.94
636.55
513.10
517.44
435.11

550.75
725.50
775.70
516.99
517.72
526.68
487.49
475.36
465.30
510.88
532.54
409.38
591.11
515.78
476.01
588.70
538.32
648.67
667.01
666.76
778.26
521.64
460.79
449.08
480.53
626.94
677.25
528.20
530.88
439.27

550.71
716.96
764.33
515.00
519.16
522.05
483.89
474.44
450.08
517.08
532.56
421.30
596.88
519.88
478.53
587.41
531.65
653.33
668.74
656.21
784.36
522.50
455.81
449.08
467.04
622.56
664.22
522.41
519.58
441.29

529.25

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

$13.03
18.42
14.87
15.52
14.42
12.04
17.50
11.39
11.37
12.25
12.03
10.95
12.98
13.51
11.59
15.97

$13.06
18.39
14.94
15.91
14.27
11.90
17.33
11.51
11.40
12.39
12.04
10.98
13.16
13.51
11.56
15.59

$13.45
19.46
15.22
16.05
14.68
12.23
18.45
11.66
11.85
12.63
12.19
11.37
13.42
13.96
12.36
15.59

$13.48
19.60
15.25
15.90
14.81
12.09
18.30
11.59
11.79
12.78
12.33
11.44
13.63
14.02
12.36
15.34

$13.67

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

15.16
17.86
19.45
14.05
13.72
14.54
17.04
12.47
16.46
16.35
14.55
14.58
16.49
14.65
12.14
11.44

15.15
17.88
19.45
14.01
13.75
14.57
17.38
12.37
16.56
16.59
14.42
14.39
16.46
14.44
12.13
11.42

15.46
18.31
19.99
14.23
14.02
14.86
16.10
12.99
16.61
16.44
14.73
14.86
16.63
15.10
12.33
11.68

15.51
18.26
19.90
14.13
14.18
15.07
16.46
12.99
16.83
16.66
14.81
14.97
16.34
15.35
12.34
11.67

15.72
18.78

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423.5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

12.78
16.22
17.22
12.63
11.86
12.79
11.53
11.20
11.55
11.99
12.04
10.18
13.32
12.22
11.17
12.85
12.09
13.68
15.13
14.33
17.49
12.11
10.78
10.62
11.02
14.79
15.76
12.14
12.30
10.81

12.80
16.32
17.39
12.45
11.85
12.57
11.60
11.25
11.56
12.05
12.06
10.26
13.45
12.28
11.44
12.86
12.12
13.69
15.20
14.31
17.61
12.18
10.78
10.61
11.05
14.77
15.64
12.13
12.32
10.77

13.02
16.64
17.71
12.28
12.04
12.57
11.89
11.51
11.87
12.34
12.56
10.47
13.62
12.58
11.61
13.17
12.49
13.92
15.44
14.59
17.85
12.60
11.05
10.90
11.28
15.48
16.28
12.37
12.58
10.90

13.05
16.83
17.90
12.35
12.13
12.61
11.86
11.60
11.60
12.40
12.62
10.48
13.69
12.68
11.70
13.23
12.48
14.05
15.48
14.55
17.99
12.56
11.01
10.90
11.20
15.41
16.32
12.35
12.46
10.95

12.94




-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

_
-

_
-

Industry

Durable goods—Continuod
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

43.8
43.3
42.6
43.6
44.0
44.4
44.7
44.4
44.6
49.1
42.8
41.6
44.5
44.7
46.2
44.8
44.1
41.7
43.7
41.6
42.0
42.2
43.5
43.3
45.0
43.8
42.7
43.9
42.7
42.6
41.6

43.6
42.6
42.0
42.8
44.2
44.1
44.6
44.4
43.3
49.2
42.9
41.6
44.3
44.6
45.2
44.4
43.6
42.2
43.2
40.8
41.7
42.1
43.3
42.7
44.6
44.0
43.0
44.9
42.6
42.3
41.3

43.5
44.5
41.7
45.5
43.3
43.7
44.4
44.4
42.0
47.6
42.5
41.9
44.0
44.3
45.4
44.2
43.3
41.3
42.9
41.4
42.0
42.2
43.4
41.1
44.5
42.7
42.5
44.7
44.4
42.5
43.2

43.5
45.7
43.0
46.6
42.5
42.9
44.4
44.3
41.5
48.8
42.9
40.6
43.9
44.7
46.1
43.9
43.4
41.4
42.9
40.9
42.5
42.8
43.2
41.4
43.9
43.3
42.2
44.7
43.8
42.5
43.3

42.0

5.6
5.0
4.5
5.2
5.7
6.2
6.1
5.8
6.3
9.8
5.2
3.8
6.7
6.7
6.8
7.3
5.6
3.9
5.5
3.6
4.4
4.8
5.3
5.4
6.7
5.8
3.5
6.1
5.3
3.8
3.3

5.5
5.0
4.3
5.2
6.1
6.2
5.9
5.4
5.1
9.5
5.7
3.7
6.4
6.2
6.0
7.0
5.1
4.1
5.0
3.2
4.0
4.7
5.3
5.2
6.7
5.8
3.9
6.6
5.3
3.4
2.3

5.5
5.7
3.6
6.5
5.0
5.2
6.0
5.9
4.1
9.3
4.8
4.1
6.4
6.3
7.0
6.9
5.0
3.7
5.1
3.7
4.7
4.3
5.1
4.3
6.4
5.1
3.5
6.6
5.9
4.5
5.5

5.5
6.2
4.6
6.8
4.5
4.9
6.2
6.0
4.4
9.8
5.0
3.6
6.3
6.4
7.7
6.8
4.9
3.4
5.0
3.9
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.5
6.5
5.6
3.4
6.8
5.4
4.5
5.4

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

42.3
43.5
43.9
43.5
42.2
43.4

43.0
43.2
43.6
43.4
42.4
43.3

41.8
42.9
43.5
43.3
41.8
43.3

42.1
43.9
44.7
43.4
41.9
43.4

4.6
4.5
4.8
6.0
5.2
6.0

4.6
4.9
5.3
5.8
5.1
5.8

4.2
4.2
4.5
6.0
5.4
6.0

4.2
4.5
4.9
6.1
5.6
6.2

41.6
40.7
41.6
39.9
41.5
41.2
41.0
41.6
41.6
42.7
40.1
41.4
43.1
41.4
43.1
38.2
40.3
38.7
41.9
43.6
41.8
39.8
42.8
41.6
42.0
40.6
42.2

41.4
40.4
41.3
39.6
41.2
41.0
40.6
40.4
41.2
40.9
39.8
41.2
40.7
41.4
42.6
39.1
40.9
39.4
41.8
43.7
41.6
43.2
42.6
40.8
42.0
41.4
41.9

4.2
3.9
3.4
4.4
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.1
2.3
3.3
2.8
4.3
5.6
4.7
3.3
2.5
4.2
3.3
3.7
4.2
4.7
4.3
4.7
4.2
4.1
3.9
4.3

4.0
3.8
3.2
4.3
3.8
3.8
3.6
2.7
2.3
1.7
2.5
4.3
5.6
4.6
3.4
2.7
3.6
2.6
3.6
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.5
4.7

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.3
3.8
3.8
3.4
3.3
3.8
2.7
2.3
3.8
4.0
4.1
3.3
3.2
4.4
3.1
3.4
3.6
4.2
3.6
5.0
3.8
4.4
3.7
5.2

3.8
3.8
3.5
4.2
3.6
3.5
3.6
2.5
2.9
3.3
1.7
3.9
3.8
4.1
3.3
3.1
4.4
3.1
3.4
4.3
4.1
3.6
5.0
3.8
4.3
3.8
5.1

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

42.2
41.5
41.9
41.1
41.9
42.0
41.1
40.1
38.1
41.2
40.5
42.2
44.3
42.2
41.9
38.9
42.1
41.7
42.3
44.4
42.8
40.2
43.3
42.5
42.0
41.8
42.2

41.8
41.2
41.5
41.0
41.7
41.8
40.8
40.0
38.4
40.8
40.9
42.1
43.7
42.0
42.1
39.2
41.4
40.7
42.3
44.6
42.1
39.8
42.8
42.2
42.1
41.4
42.8

-

_
-

-

-

40.3
-

_
-

_
-

Apr.
1998P

-

_
_
_
-

_
-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

Industry

Durable goods-—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

$13.93
16.77
19.09
15.97
13.35
14.55
13.48
13.91
14.58
13.23
13.47
12.22
14.83
14.66
15.13
15.53
13.05
12.22
14.47
12.61
15.45
14.10
13.70
14.45
15.04
14.16
11.31
14.48
13.21
14.13
15.46

$13.94
16.87
19.38
16.02
13.54
15.00
13.46
13.79
14.40
13.23
13.57
12.27
14.81
14.53
15.15
15.52
13.10
12.24
14.51
12.61
15.53
14.15
13.72
14.53
15.03
14.04
11.41
14.57
13.23
14.11
15.51

$14.36
16.71
19.67
15.74
13.88
14.75
13.55
13.95
14.41
13.27
13.78
12.52
15.25
14.95
15.54
15.96
13.38
12.37
14.98
13.06
15.81
14.47
13.99
14.74
15.25
14.72
11.59
14.87
13.45
15.05
16.42

$14.35
16.61
19.82
15.56
13.93
14.86
13.57
13.84
14.54
13.41
13.74
12.69
15.26
14.93
15.57
15.97
13.37
12.50
15.06
13.14
15.91
14.62
14.06
14.80
15.26
14.88
11.64
15.03
13.43
14.84
15.97

$14.33

$610.13
726.14
813.23
696.29
587.40
646.02
602.56
617.60
650.27
649.59
576.52
508.35
659.94
655.30
699.01
695.74
575.51
509.57
632.34
524.58
648.90
595.02
595.95
625.69
676.80
620.21
482.94
635.67
564.07
601.94
643.14

$607.78
718.66
813.96
685.66
598.47
661.50
600.32
612.28
623.52
650.92
582.15
510.43
656.08
648.04
684.78
689.09
571.16
516.53
626.83
514.49
647.60
595.72
594.08
620.43
670.34
617.76
490.63
654.19
563.60
596.85
640.56

$624.66
743.60
820.24
716.17
601.00
644.58
601.62
619.38
605.22
631.65
585.65
524.59
671.00
662.29
705.52
705.43
579.35
510.88
642.64
540.68
664.02
610.63
607.17
605.81
678.63
628.54
492.58
664.69
597.18
639.63
709.34

$624.23
759.08
852.26
725.10
592.03
637.49
602.51
613.11
603.41
654.41
589.45
515.21
669.91
667.37
717.78
701.08
580.26
517.50
646.07
537.43
676.18
625.74
607.39
612.72
669.91
644.30
491.21
671.84
588.23
630.70
691.50

$601.86

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

13.54
12.64
12.97
13.53
14.32
13.31

13.45
12.59
12.90
13.55
14.21
13.35

13.70
13.03
13.45
14.04
14.52
13.88

13.53
12.95
13.34
14.06
14.56
13.92

572.74
549.84
569.38
588.56
604.30
577.65

578.35
543.89
562.44
588.07
602.50
578.06

572.66
558.99
585.08
607.93
606.94
601.00

569.61
568.51
596.30
610.20
610.06
604.13

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

12.49
12.52
11.54
13.48
12.06
11.27
13.51
12.34
13.82
14.35
10.09
12.64
15.38
12.75
11.45
9.03
10.62
10.45
13.76
15.09
12.15
13.80
15.43
10.42
13.42
14.53
13.64

12.55
12.51
11.55
13.46
12.10
11.29
13.62
12.15
13.26
14.21
10.07
12.66
15.51
12.80
11.25
9.18
10.82
10.57
13.80
15.14
12.27
14.10
15.71
10.35
13.46
14.53
13.76

12.97
12.96
12.00
13.87
12.39
11.50
14.03
12.39
13.43
14.18
10.50
12.73
15.95
12.91
11.39
9.17
11.49
11.07
13.80
14.64
12.96
14.82
17.16
10.64
14.04
14.81
14.73

13.07
12.98
11.94
13.96
12.44
11.55
14.08
12.43
13.45
14.25
10.74
12.75
16.11
12.89
11.50
9.19
11.61
11.17
13.87
14.89
13.13
15.42
17.39
10.69
14.10
14.89
14.86

527.08
519.58
483.53
554.03
505.31
473.34
555.26
494.83
526.54
591.22
408.65
533.41
681.33
538.05
479.76
351.27
447.10
435.77
582.05
670.00
520.02
554.76
668.12
442.85
563.64
607.35
575.61

524.59
515.41
479.33
551.86
504.57
471.92
555.70
486.00
509.18
579.77
411.86
532.99
677.79
537.60
473.63
359.86
447.95
430.20
583.74
675.24
516.57
561.18
672.39
436.77
566.67
601.54
588.93

539.55
527.47
499.20
553.41
514.19
473.80
575.23
515.42
558.69
605.49
421.05
527.02
687.45
534.47
490.91
350.29
463.05
428.41
578.22
638.30
541.73
589.84
734.45
442.62
589.68
601.29
621.61

541.10
524.39
493.12
552.82
512.53
473.55
571.65
502.17
554.14
582.83
427.45
525.30
655.68
533.65
489.90
359.33
474.85
440.10
579.77
650.69
546.21
666.14
740.81
436.15
592.20
616.45
622.63

35
361
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

-

_
-

13.17
-

-

_

-

_
-

_
-

-

-

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

530.75

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
—

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

6.7
7.2
7.5
5.5
7.6
3.7
7.2
7.5
6.9
7.1
4.4
5.2
3.2
4.6
4.4
4.4
3.7
2.3

6.5
7.0
7.0
6.2
7.4
4.1
7.1
7.2
6.5
7.5
4.4
5.3
3.1
4.2
3.8
3.8
4.0
2.5

5.8
5.9
5.5
6.6
6.3
4.1
6.5
6.3
6.2
7.0
4.6
5.6
3.1
4.5
4.7
4.4
3.5
2.0

6.1
6.4
6.2
7.1
6.8
4.5
6.4
6.1
6.1
7.0
4.7
5.7
3.4
4.6
4.5
4.4
3.8
2.2

4.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.4
3.7
4.0
3.5
2.3
8.5
2.1

3.8
3.8
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.3
3.6
3.1
1.8
9.0
2.6

3.8
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.0
2.7
3.8
4.0
3.7
2.9
4.5
2.7

3.8
3.8
3.6
4.4
4.1
2.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.0
5.5
2.5

3.2
2.4
2.4
3.0
3.2
1.9
3.8
3.1
2.8
2.3
3.5
4.1

3.1
2.3
2.2
2.7
3.0
2.0
3.5
3.2
3.0
2.4
3.5
3.8

3.1
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.5
1.7
2.8
3.9
2.1
1.2
4.0
4.2

3.2
2.6
2.6
2.4
3.3
1.9
3.9
3.2
2.6
1.7
3.5
4.3

-

Apr.
1998P

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

45.0
45.8
46.2
44.3
46.2
41.1
44.6
44.2
45.0
44.9
42.7
44.4
40.0
43.9
43.6
43.9
40.4
38.0

44.7
45.4
45.3
45.3
45.9
41.8
44.4
43.8
44.9
44.9
42.4
43.8
40.3
43.4
42.8
43.1
40.7
38.8

43.5
43.5
42.4
44.0
44.4
41.2
44.6
44.4
44.5
44.9
42.4
44.4
39.6
43.8
43.0
42.9
40.7
38.7

43.8
43.9
43.1
44.9
44.7
41.4
44.5
44.2
44.4
44.8
42.5
44.4
39.9
43.8
42.7
43.0
41.0
38.4

42.1
42.3

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

42.2
43.7
42.3
41.8
42.3
41.8
41.7
42.0
40.7
40.3
43.6
39.0

41.7
43.8
41.6
40.0
41.5
41.5
41.1
41.0
40.8
39.1
43.7
40.2

42.1
43.7
42.1
42.1
42.1
42.0
41.6
42.1
40.9
41.9
42.3
40.5

41.7
43.0
41.7
41.0
42.0
41.9
41.2
41.4
40.2
42.0
42.2
39.8

40.9

40.3
39.1
38.4
41.8
40.4
38.0
41.5
40.4
39.9
39.7
40.5
41.2

40.2
39.3
38.7
41.2
40.0
38.8
40.6
40.6
40.3
39.9
40.5
41.1

40.2
39.1
38.4
39.2
39.9
38.9
40.5
39.9
39.0
38.6
41.2
41.8

40.3
39.7
38.8
40.3
41.3
39.4
42.2
38.8
39.3
38.6
40.4
41.6

39.3

40.7

40.5

40.6

40.6

40.0

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

3.8

40.7
39.7
41.5
40.8
38.1
42.2
41.7
42.0
39.6
38.8
39.3
39.3
45.5
45.3
44.4

40.4
39.6
40.7
40.8
38.6
42.1
41.3
42.2
39.6
40.7
39.1
39.6
44.8
44.0
44.7

40.9
40.1
41.8
41.2
38.7
41.3
40.2
41.0
41.2
41.2
39.6
41.6
45.0
44.7
43.7

40.9
39.9
41.5
41.6
38.4
41.5
40.8
41.1
40.7
42.3
39.9
41.3
45.2
45.3
43.5

40.4

4.5
3.7
4.5
5.0
2.8
5.0
4.5
4.7
4.0
4.5
3.4
3.9
6.8
6.3
6.2

4.4
3.6
3.9
4.4
3.1
5.0
4.1
4.9
4.1
5.4
3.4
4.1
6.6
6.4
6.3

4.5
4.2
4.8
5.2
3.5
4.5
3.6
4.4
4.3
5.3
3.6
4.4
6.2
5.6
5.7

4.6
4.2
4.8
5.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
4.6
4.3
6.0
3.8
4.5
6.6
6.4
5.6

_

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec




20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
—

-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
_
—

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

$17.51
18.01
21.54
15.26
16.65
11.29
18.80
(2)
18.36
16.62
13.33
14.83
10.83
16.83
19.53
(2)
11.47
11.31

$17.48
18.01
21.58
15.04
16.76
11.14
18.73
(2)
18.26
16.61
13.29
14.81
10.80
16.65
19.40
(2)
11.50
11.23

$17.81
18.35
22.36
16.14
16.96
11.31
18.96
(2)
18.76
16.75
13.25
14.62
11.10
17.23
20.07
(2)
11.83
11.89

$17.96
18.55
22.59
16.35
17.14
11.44
19.04
(2)
18.78
16.83
13.20
14.52
11.16
17.43
19.89
(2)
12.01
12.11

$17.91
18.58

$787.95
824.86
995.15
676.02
769.23
464.02
838.48

—

$781.36
817.65
977.57
681.31
769.28
465.65
831.61

$774.74
798.23
948.06
710.16
753.02
465.97
845.62

$786.65
814.35
973.63
734.12
766.16
473.62
847.28

$754.01
785.93

-

819.87
745.79
563.50
648.68
435.24
722.61
830.32
-

468.05
435.72

-

834.82
752.08
561.80
649.13
439.56
754.67
863.01
-

-

833.83
753.98
561.00
644.69
445.28
763.43
849.30
-

-

481.48
460.14

492.41
465.02

563.60

—

577.61
755.57
578.03
500.57
575.09
664.86
533.73
508.57
490.80
428.64
672.15
417.56

425.57
426.19
423.94
449.35
406.42
367.84
424.55
444.00
367.08
316.41
441.45
468.03

423.31
426.41
425.31
438.78
401.60
374.03
415.34
449.04
378.01
328.78
438.62
462.38

434.16
434.01
431.62
429.63
410.17
382.39
424.85
448.88
382.98
344.31
456.50
496.17

434.84
443.85
438.05
434.03
426.63
390.06
443.94
436.50
389.86
347.79
445.61
489.63

422.08

12.73

498.58

496.94

510.75

513.18

509.20

11.78

463.98
367.23
414.17
438.60
313.94
549.02
493.31
576.66
436.39
542.04
475.53
407.93
646.56
559.00
495.50

462.58
367.49
407.00
434.93
321.92
552.35
498.08
580.67
436.79
584.05
473.89
406.69
635.71
535.04
502.88

476.08
381.35
425.11
449.08
332.05
552.18
488.03
572.77
462.26
591.22
489.85
435.55
657.90
568.14
503.42

478.94
380.25
420.81
457.18
329.47
554.44
497.35
572.11
460.72
610.81
495.56
436.54
667.15
575.31
505.91

475.91

13.47
16.73
13.46
11.69
13.16
15.38
12.40
11.66
11.53
10.21
15.99
9.90

13.72
17.29
13.73
11.89
13.66
15.83
12.83
12.08
12.00
10.23
15.89
10.31

13.78
17.44
13.78
11.97
13.72
15.86
12.89
12.10
12.02
10.23
15.99
10.42

13.78

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

10.56
10.90
11.04
10.75
10.06
9.68
10.23
10.99
9.20
7.97
10.90
11.36

10.53
10.85
10.99
10.65
10.04
9.64
10.23
11.06
9.38
8.24
10.83
11.25

10.80
11.10
11.24
10.96
10.28
9.83
10.49
11.25
9.82
8.92
11.08
11.87

10.79
11.18
11.29
10.77
10.33
9.90
10.52
11.25
9.92
9.01
11.03
11.77

10.74

12.25

12.27

12.58

12.64

11.40
9.25
9.98
10.75
8.24
13.01
11.83
13.73
11.02
13.97
12.10
10.38
14.21
12.34
11.16

11.45
9.28
10.00
10.66
8.34
13.12
12.06
13.76
11.03
14.35
12.12
10.27
14.19
12.16
11.25

11.64
9.51
10.17
10.90
8.58
13.37
12.14
13.97
11.22
14.35
12.37
10.47
14.62
12.71
11.52

11.71
9.53
10.14
10.99
8.58
13.36
12.19
13.92
11.32
14.44
12.42
10.57
14.76
12.70
11.63




Apr.
1998P

561.70
732.77
559.94
467.60
546.14
638.27
509.64
478.06
470.42
399.21
698.76
397.98

13.47
16.81
13.44
11.64
13.21
15.44
12.42
11.60
11.54
10.26
15.97
9.86

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

-

463.39
429.78

Mar.
1998P

568.43
734.60
568.51
486.55
558.78
645.39
517.91
487.20
469.68
413.48
696.29
384.54

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec

826.20
746.24
569.19
658.45
433.20
738.84
851.51

Feb.
1998

574.63
749.92
574.63
490.77
576.24
664.53
531.07
500.94
483.20
429.66
674.78
414.72

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

Nondurable goods

-

Apr.
1997

—

-

-

—

-

—

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products.
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Cigarettes

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

205
2051

40.1
39.8

39.4
39.6

40.2
40.0

40.5
40.4

2052.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.8
39.9
46.1
46.2
42.0
38.4
42.4
43.3
46.8
43.0
40.1

39.1
39.5
41.5
46.8
42.7
38.0
41.5
43.0
45.4
43.4
39.4

40.6
41.0
59.8
47.6
42.7
39.2
42.4
42.0
45.7
41.8
39.7

40.7
40.7
54.7
45.3
42.0
39.3
42.8
42.8
46.2
42.6
39.7

21
211

39.1
39.1

38.4
38.3

37.4
36.7

37.1
35.3

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1998P

-

-

37.2
-

Textile mill products
Broad woven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synttietics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

41.2
40.5
40.8
42.2
40.6
40.0
38.9
38.3
39.8
39.3
43.7
43.1
43.7
42.1
41.7
41.8
42.4
38.6
43.2

41.3
42.2
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.2
37.8
37.9
41.0
38.9
43.4
43.2
43.3
42.7
40.5
41.6
42.3
37.8
42.8

41.1
42.1
41.2
38.8
40.0
39.6
37.6
38.5
39.8
38.0
39.7
41.6
41.3
42.9
42.4
41.7
42.5
38.1
42.3

41.2
42.4
40.8
40.0
40.7
39.7
37.5
38.1
40.2
38.2
40.9
42.0
42.1
41.9
42.9
41.3
42.4
36.6
42.3

40.0

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's unden^ear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.5
37.4
36.7
35.9
36.4
36.6
36.0
35.1
37.5
34.5
35.9
37.8
36.6
41.3
36.5
36.2
38.5
39.9
39.0
38.9
42.4

37.2
36.7
36.6
35.6
35.8
37.0
35.8
35.5
37.2
34.3
35.8
36.7
35.5
40.0
36.8
36.9
37.8
39.3
37.8
38.2
40.3

37.1
36.7
36.2
36.4
35.4
37.3
36.5
34.7
37.9
36.8
36.4
36.6
36.4
37.1
35.9
35.9
37.3
38.7
35.9
39.2
39.0

37.2
37.5
36.3
36.3
34.9
37.4
36.6
34.9
38.4
36.2
36.6
36.4
36.4
36.5
33.5
33.2
36.9
39.1
35.6
39.9
39.5

36.4

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

26
262
263

43.5
45.6
44.7

43.4
45.3
43.7

43.0
45.2
44.8

43.1
45.6
45.5

42.3




-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

_
-

-

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

4.6
4.5

4.4
4.6

4.3
4.4

4.6
4.5

-

4.9
3.6
9.9
9.7
2.9
2.6
5.8
5.3
7.5
5.4
5.3

4.1
3.3
4.8
9.1
4.4
2.4
5.6
5.4
7.6
5.8
4.8

4.2
3.8
14.9
9.8
3.5
2.9
5.6
4.5
7.0
4.3
4.9

4.6
3.8
12.6
8.9
3.5
3.0
6.0
5.2
7.4
5.2
4.5

-

3.0
3.3

2.5
2.7

2.0
1.8

Apr.
1998P

-

-

2.5
1.9

_
_
_

-

4.5
4.7
4.7
6.0
3.2
3.5
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.5
6.1
5.9
6.1
5.1
4.7
4.6
4.9
3.4
5.1

4.5
5.6
4.8
5.3
3.3
3.5
2.6
3.1
2.9
2.5
5.9
5.9
6.0
5.6
4.3
4.5
4.8
3.2
4.8

4.3
5.3
4.8
3.5
2.8
3.2
1.8
3.2
2.9
1.4
4.4
4.9
4.7
5.5
5.3
4.5
4.9
3.1
4.6

4.4
5.5
4.6
4.5
3.2
3.3
1.5
2.9
3.2
1.7
5.0
5.1
5.2
4.5
5.4
4.3
4.7
2.8
4.5

2.2
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.3
1.5
1.9
2.4
1.6
4.8
2.2
2.9
2.4
3.7
2.4
3.5
5.1

2.0
1.1
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.5
1.4
2.4
1.3
1.3
2.2
1.6
3.8
2.5
3.0
1.8
3.4
1.5
3.1
4.0

2.0
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.9
1.4
1.8
1.6
2.4
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.3
2.0
2.5
3.2
1.2
3.1
1.1
3.4
3.1

2.1
0.8
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.9
1.6
2.5
1.5
1.9
1.2
1.1
1.7
2.4
3.1
1.6
3.5
1.2
3.9
3.8

_

5.4
6.8
7.4

5.5
6.7
7.0

5.1
6.4
6.5

5.2
6.7
7.1

_

-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
uoae

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$12.42
12.41

$12.60
12.59

$12.58
12.76

$12.67
12.73

2052.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.45
12.67
12.44
17.60
13.65
11.71
12.50
15.97
21.85
13.30
10.01

12.62
12.83
12.11
17.56
14.12
11.83
12.58
15.95
21.88
13.39
10.08

12.24
12.59
12.14
17.63
13.84
11.58
12.65
16.17
22.53
13.27
10.47

12.56
12.96
12.17
18.29
14.13
12.07
12.66
16.09
22.20
13.40
10.47

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

19.40
24.73

20.32
24.36

18.10
24.15

18.42
24.24

$18.48

Textile mill products
Broad woven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthietics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks ...
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

9.92
10.25
10.94
10.45
9.16
9.08
8.44
9.06
8.50
9.01
9.95
10.15
10.06
10.55
9.90
9.64
9.64
9.78
11.43

9.94
10.35
10.92
10.41
9.16
9.11
8.44
9.06
8.40
9.10
10.07
10.21
10.10
10.63
9.84
9.63
9.63
9.82
11.52

10.25
10.72
11.22
11.12
9.44
9.28
8.70
9.36
8.68
9.09
10.21
10.51
10.37
11.07
10.26
9.92
9.98
9.94
11.77

10.28
10.80
11.24
10.79
9.48
9.37
8.61
9.42
8.74
9.59
10.27
10.56
10.41
11.03
10.24
9.91
9.95
9.93
11.76

10.38

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.24
8.33
7.69
7.59
7.78
7.63
7.70
6.82
8.75
7.80
7.56
7.77
7.63
8.12
7.54
7.47
7.85
9.49
7.93
8.50
12.04

8.21
8.40
7.67
7.53
7.79
7.58
7.71
6.82
8.70
7.92
7.58
7.72
7.58
8.09
7.52
7.35
7.77
9.42
8.04
8.59
11.63

8.38
8.53
7.91
7.79
8.01
7.84
7.99
7.30
9.05
7.87
7.84
8.11
7.88
8.81
7.68
7.35
7.98
9.31
8.21
8.89
11.17

8.42
8.61
7.92
7.79
8.11
7.76
8.02
7.23
9.19
8.02
7.83
8.08
7.86
8.75
7.91
7.48
8.04
9.33
8.21
9.00
11.11

26
262
263

14.93
18.78
18.80

15.00
18.92
18.94

15.23
19.32
18.94

15.32
19.47
19.17

NondurabI© goods—Continued
FocxJ and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
f\/talt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Men's a n d boys' work clothing

Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses .
Women's and misses' suits and coats ....
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec ....
Women's and children's undergarments ..
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments .
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills




205
2051

Apr.
1998P

-

_
-

-

-

-

_
-

8.50

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

15.50
-

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

$498.04
493.92

$496.44
498.56

$505.72
510.40

$513.14
514.29

507.96
505.53
573.48
813.12
573.30
449.66
530.00
691.50
1,022.58
571.90
401.40

493.44
506.79
502.57
821.81
602.92
449.54
522.07
685.85
993.35
581.13
397.15

496.94
516.19
725.97
839.19
590.97
453.94
536.36
679.14
1,029.62
554.69
415.66

511.19
527.47
665.70
828.54
593.46
474.35
541.85
688.65
1,025.64
570.84
415.66

758.54
966.94

780.29
932.99

676.94
886.31

683.38
855.67

$687.46

408.70
415.13
446.35
440.99
371.90
363.20
328.32
347.00
338.30
354.09
434.82
437.47
439.62
444.16
412.83
402.95
408.74
377.51
493.78

410.52
436.77
449.90
430.97
371.90
366.22
319.03
343.37
344.40
353.99
437.04
441.07
437.33
453.90
398.52
400.61
407.35
371.20
493.06

421.28
451.31
462.26
431.46
377.60
367.49
327.12
360.36
345.46
345.42
405.34
437.22
428.28
474.90
435.02
413.66
424.15
378.71
497.87

423.54
457.92
458.59
431.60
385.84
371.99
322.88
358.90
351.35
366.34
420.04
443.52
438.26
462.16
439.30
409.28
421.88
363.44
497.45

415.20

309.00
311.54
282.22
272.48
283.19
279.26
277.20
239.38
328.13
269.10
271.40
293.71
279.26
335.36
275.21
270.41
302.23
378.65
309.27
330.65
510.50

305.41
308.28
280.72
268.07
278.88
280.46
276.02
242.11
323.64
271.66
271.36
283.32
269.09
323.60
276.74
271.22
293.71
370.21
303.91
328.14
468.69

310.90
313.05
286.34
283.56
283.55
292.43
291.64
253.31
343.00
289.62
285.38
296.83
286.83
326.85
275.71
263.87
297.65
360.30
294.74
348.49
435.63

313.22
322.88
287.50
282.78
283.04
290.22
293.53
252.33
352.90
290.32
286.58
294.11
286.10
319.38
264.99
248.34
296.68
364.80
292.28
359.10
438.85

309.40

649.46
856.37
840.36

651.00
857.08
827.68

654.89
873.26
848.51

660.29
887.83
872.24

655.65

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_

-

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

42.7
43.0
42.4
42.7
42.4
44.3
42.5
42.2

43.1
43.4
42.3
43.1
42.2
43.6
41.9
42.0

41.9
42.1
41.5
41.6
42.1
43.2
40.9
41.1

41.9
42.2
41.7
41.6
42.0
43.1
41.6
40.7

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.7
33.3
36.8
39.2
37.0
41.6
36.3
40.5
40.5
40.3
41.3
40.4
39.9

38.3
33.0
37.0
39.7
36.8
42.9
36.4
39.7
39.7
39.5
40.7
39.7
39.5

38.2
33.0
36.0
39.2
37.4
41.1
35.9
40.0
39.9
40.1
41.6
39.0
40.0

38.4
32.9
36.3
39.3
36.9
41.9
36.1
40.4
40.4
40.3
41.7
38.9
40.4

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .. 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1998P

-

37.9
-

-

-

-

43.2
46.4
46.7
43.1
45.1
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.0
42.7
40.1
40.7
42.9
44.4
44.6
44.4
45.4
43.6

43.0
46.9
47.3
43.3
44.6
42.2
41.5
41.6
40.5
41.7
40.8
39.9
42.7
44.5
44.9
44.4
45.2
43.0

43.3
45.9
45.2
43.7
44.5
43.0
41.3
41.5
41.8
43.3
41.0
41.5
43.0
44.8
44.5
44.9
45.3
43.2

43.4
46.1
46.2
44.0
44.5
43.9
42.0
42.3
41.9
43.6
41.0
41.6
43.5
44.1
43.2
44.3
45.8
42.9

42.9
-

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

4.9
5.0
4.9
5.5
4.4
4.3
4.7
4.2

5.4
5.6
5.1
5.6
4.4
4.3
4.6
4,1

4.5
4.6
4.2
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.0

4.6
4.7
4.3
5.0
4.3
4.3
4.4
3.7

3.5
1.3
2.8
4.0
3.2
4.8
2.0
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.2
3.0
4.5

3.3
1.3
2.9
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.3
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.2
2.8
4.1

3.0
1.3
1.7
3.2
2.5
4.0
2.3
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.5
2.2
4.4

3.3
1.2
1.9
3.6
2.7
4.6
2.4
4.2
4.3
4.0
3.7
2.7
4.7

Apr.
1998P

—

-

-

_

5.1
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.6
5.0
5.0
4.9
3.3
3.7
3.0
3.3
4.8
6.1
6.4
6.0
6.7
5.1

4.9
5.9
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.1
4.5
4.3
2.9
3.2
3.4
2.5
5.2
5.9
6.3
5.7
6.4
5.0

5.0
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.7
3.2
4.4
3.7
2.5
4.7
6.4
5.8
6.5
6.9
4.8

5.3
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.2
5.2
3.8
4.9
3.8
3.3
4.8
6.1
5.1
6.4
7.7
4.6

5.9
5.8
6.8

5.8
5.3
7.9

6.0
6.1
6.1

6.5
6.5
7.1

4.5
6.4
2.9
5.5
5.9
4.6
4.2

4.4
6.2
2.7
5.0
6.1
4.4
4.2

4.3
6.4
3.8
4.3
5.3
4.6
4.1

4.4
6.0
3.3
4.6
5.5
4.6
4.2

2.1
5.9
1.5
1.7
1.0
2.1
1.2

2.0
5.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.7
1.9

2.3
4.5
2.1
1.9
3.0
1.4
1.2

2.3
5.3
1.8
1.8
2.1
1.3
1.8

-

-

_

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.0
43.6
42.2

42.4
42.2
43.3

42.2
42.4
41.5

43.2
43.3
43.0

42.5

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.8
44.2
41.8
43.3
44.9
42.4
41.3

41.7
43.5
41.8
42.7
44.2
42.2
41.4

41.6
43.4
42.1
41.8
43.7
42.5
41.3

41.5
43.1
41.8
41.6
43.4
42.6
41.2

40.9

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

38.5
43.3
37.4
37.9
36.8
38.3
38.1

38.1
42.2
37.0
36.9
37.1
38.0
38.3

37.9
42.6
36.5
36.2
37.0
37.1
38.3

37.7
43.2
36.0
35.6
37.1
36.9
37.8

36.1

32.9

32.6

33.0

32.9

32.8

-

-

-

-

-

39.5

39.2

39.8

39.3

39.3

-

-

-

-

-

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities




-

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$12.63
12.54
12.95
13.38
13.08
15.21
11.76
11.84

$12.71
12.65
12.80
13.53
13.08
15.01
11.89
11.84

$12.94
12.86
13.23
13.64
13.24
15.21
12.02
12.20

$12.99
12.92
13.24
13.72
13.22
15.25
11.99
12.20

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

13.01
12.85
14.17
12.20
11.68
12.72
12.77
13.27
13.57
12.57
13.32
10.23
16.02

12.99
12.84
14.25
12.32
11.97
12.66
12.63
13.22
13.54
12.44
13.55
10.17
16.00

13.33
13.16
14.60
12.31
11.68
12.92
13.02
13.55
13.84
12.78
14.17
10.32
16.89

13.37
13.06
14.60
12.44
11.78
13.06
12.88
13.63
13.90
12.86
14.04
10.53
16.91

$13.35

Chemicals and allied products
28
Industrial inorganic chemicals
281
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
Plastics materials and resins
2821
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .. 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
285
Industrial organic chemicals
286
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2865
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
2869
287
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
289

16.42
18.32
18.55
17.10
19.01
14.75
16.35
16.26
13.24
16.44
12.62
12.01
13.96
19.70
19.75
19.82
16.15
14.85

16.42
18.52
18.81
17.07
19.16
14.68
16.26
16.13
13.11
16.22
12.64
11.89
14.06
19.71
19.69
19.85
15.99
14.98

16.94
19.00
19.32
17.60
19.68
14.97
16.94
16.92
13.71
17.90
13.29
12.01
14.39
20.18
20.15
20.31
16.87
15.14

16.97
19.42
19.89
17.58
19.65
15.04
16.89
16.84
13.67
17.70
13.24
12.08
14.49
20.31
20.15
20.49
16.52
15.25

17.17

Petroleum and coal products

20.51
22.85
14.33

19.97
22.27
14.47

20.92
23.49
14.55

21.15
23.70
14.93

20.88

Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

11.50
18.62
9.64
11.70
11.87
11.07
10.80

11.53
18.70
9.69
11.79
11.99
11.16
10.82

11.78
18.95
9.91
11.65
11.84
11.45
11.10

11.79
18.92
9.95
11.75
11.92
11.45
11.11

11.86

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

8.86
11.78
8.39
9.14
7.35
8.86
7.74

8.87
11.82
8.34
9.06
7.36
8.92
7.69

9.25
11.70
8.85
9.57
7.68
9.11
8.12

9.31
11.76
8.88
9.59
7.71
9.23
8.19

11.66

11.63

12.16

12.17

14.70

14.77

15.23

15.16

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Petroleum refining

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities




Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$539.30
539.22
549.08
571.33
554.59
673.80
499.80
499.65

$547.80
549.01
541.44
583.14
551.98
654.44
498.19
497.28

$542.19
541.41
549.05
567.42
557.40
657.07
491.62
501.42

$544.28
545.22
552.11
570.75
555.24
657.28
498.78
496.54

503.49
427.91
521.46
478.24
432.16
529.15
463.55
537.44
549.59
506.57
550.12
413.29
639.20

497.52
423.72
527.25
489.10
440.50
543.11
459.73
524.83
537.54
491.38
551.49
403.75
632.00

509.21
434.28
525.60
482.55
436.83
531.01
467.42
542.00
552.22
512.48
589.47
402.48
675.60

513.41
429.67
529.98
488.89
434.68
547.21
464.97
550.65
561.56
518.26
585.47
409.62
683.16

$505.97

709.34
850.05
866.29
737.01
857.35
606.23
686.70
684.55
542.84
701.99
506.06
488.81
598.88
874.68
880.85
880.01
733.21
647.46

706.06
868.59
889.71
739.13
854.54
619.50
674.79
671.01
530.96
676.37
515.71
474.41
600.36
877.10
884.08
881.34
722.75
644.14

733.50
872.10
873.26
769.12
875.76
643.71
699.62
702.18
573.08
775.07
544.89
498.42
618.77
904.06
896.68
911.92
764.21
654.05

736.50
895.26
918.92
773.52
874.43
660.26
709.38
712.33
572.77
771.72
542.84
502.53
630.32
895.67
870.48
907.71
756.62
654.23

736.59

881.93
996.26
604.73

846.73
939.79
626.55

882.82
995.98
603.83

913.68
1,026.21
641.99

887.40

480.70
823.00
402.95
506.61
532.96
469.37
446.04

480.80
813.45
405.04
503.43
529.96
470.95
447.95

490.05
822.43
417.21
486.97
517.41
486.63
458.43

489.29
815.45
415.91
488.80
517.33
487.77
457.73

485.07

341.11
510.07
313.79
346.41
270.48
339.34
294.89

337.95
498.80
308.58
334.31
273.06
338.96
294.53

350.58
498.42
323.03
346.43
284.16
337.98
311.00

350.99
508.03
319.68
341.40
286.04
340.59
309.58

333.93

12.17

383.61

379.14

401.28

400.39

399.18

15.24

580.65

578.98

606.15

595.79

598.93

-

_
-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

_
-

9.25
-

_
_
_
-

Apr.
1998P

-

-

_
-

-

_
_
-

-

_
_
-

-

_
-

-

-

_
_
_
_
_

-

_
_
_
_
_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

4011

49.5

49.0

49.3

48.6

—

—

—

—

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

33.9
37.9
38.1

33.9
38.0
38.3

34.5
38.7
39.5

34.6
38.2
38.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.7
39.8
39.5

39.9
40.0
39.0

39.3
39.2
39.9

39.3
39.3
39.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

—

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

39.0

38.0

39.1

38.1

—

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

44.6

43.3

44.2

43.3

-

-

-

-

-

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

39.1
39.1
38.7
39.4

38.0
37.7
37.3
38.4

38.2
38.1
38.3
38.1

38.0
38.2
38.4
37.8

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.0
41.6
41.9
35.4
39.0

39.9
41.6
42.3
35.0
39.0

41.1
42.9
43.3
36.0
40.2

40.6
42.3
42.8
35.8
40.0

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

41.9
41.7
42.0
42.6
42.1

42.4
42.4
42.1
43.5
41.8

42.0
41.6
42.2
42.9
42.1

41.9
41.5
42.0
42.6
42.1

38.5

38.3

38.5

38.4

Transportation and public utilltlos—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
r\/ledical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

39.3
38.2
37.2
39.7
39.9
40.0
42.2
39.7
39.3
39.7
38.0

39.0
38.1
37.1
40.0
39.2
39.3
41.7
39.3
39.1
39.2
38.1

39.3
37.8
38.0
39.1
40.4
39.7
41.6
39.4
39.4
39.6
37.5

39.2
37.6
37.9
39.0
40.3
39.9
41.2
39.4
39.2
39.6
37.5

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer. wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

37.4
36.3
36.6
37.5
38.3
34.1
40.5
37.6
37.5
36.3

37.3
35.6
36.1
36.9
38.5
34.6
40.4
37.5
37.7
36.5

37.4
37.4
36.9
37.6
38.1
32.9
40.4
37.4
37.5
36.4

37.3
37.0
36.7
37.6
38.2
32.7
39.9
37.5
37.6
36.1

28.7

28.6

28.7

28.7

35.0
36.7
35.5
30.9
31.5

34.7
36.4
35.6
30.8
31.2

34.6
36.2
34.8
30.4
30.3

34.7
36.3
35.3
30.5
30.5

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores




52
521
523
525
526

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

—

38.3
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

—

28.8

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

4011

$18.00

$18.10

$18.20

$18.03

-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

10.84
11.36
13.89

10.91
11.40
13.87

11.12
11.72
13.79

10.98
11.54
13.57

-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.04
13.25
10.88

13.11
13.32
10.87

13.51
13.75
11.09

13.54
13.79
11.08

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

19.18

18.81

20.79

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

20.62

20.67

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

13.00
13.09
13.49
13.28

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Transportation and public utiiities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^

Wholesale trade

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$891.00

$886.90

$897.26

$876.26

367.48
430.54
529.21

369.85
433.20
531.22

383.64
453.56
544.71

379.91
440.83
525.16

_

523.09
532.80
423.93

530.94
539.00
442.49

532.12
541.95
437.66

_

-

517.69
527.35
429.76

-

20.31

-

748.02

714.78

812.89

773.81

-

20.78

20.76

-

919.65

895.01

918.48

898.91

-

12.87
12.66
12.88
13.32

13.31
13.52
13.77
13.40

13.66
14.15
14.53
13.49

508.30
511.82
522.06
523.23

489.06
477.28
480.42
511.49

508.44
515.11
527.39
510.54

519.08
540.53
557.95
509.92

16.64
17.35
17.85
16.32
13.41

16.63
17.27
17.71
16.75
13.27

17.25
17.94
18.50
17.26
13.87

17.09
17.73
18.22
17.28
13.79

665.60
721.76
747.92
577.73
522.99

663.54
718.43
749.13
586.25
517.53

708.98
769.63
801.05
621.36
557.57

693.85
749.98
779.82
618.62
551.60

19.00
20.03
18.01
22.96
14.21

19.08
20.04
17.73
23.33
14.33

19.89
20.66
18.50
24.56
15.49

19.75
20.71
18.61
23.58
15.59

796.10
835.25
756.42
978.10
598.24

808.99
849.70
746.43
1,014.86
598.99

835.38
859.46
780.70
1,053.62
652.13

827.53
859.47
781.62
1,004.51
656.34

13.28

13.33

13.84

13.85

$13.91

511.28

510.54

532.84

531.84

$532.75

_

543.91
462.60
457.93
497.44
653.56
620.00
564.64
597.09
511.29
548.26
409.64

542.10
463.68
462.64
502.40
647.19
617.80
558.36
592.25
510.26
546.45
410.34

566.71
486.86
479.94
507.13
684.78
671.33
582.40
613.06
535.05
572.62
420.00

565.26
482.78
485.12
506.22
682.28
677.90
572.68
617.00
533.51
569.45
423.75

_

_

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

13.84
12.11
12.31
12.53
16.38
15.50
13.38
15.04
13.01
13.81
10.78

13.90
12.17
12.47
12.56
16.51
15.72
13.39
15.07
13.05
13.94
10.77

14.42
12.88
12.63
12.97
16.95
16.91
14.00
15.56
13.58
14.46
11.20

14.42
12.84
12.80
12.98
16.93
16.99
13.90
15.66
13.61
14.38
11.30

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

12.46
12.46
16.22
12.47
12.68
9.55
13.99
11.54
14.41
10.30

12.50
12.64
16.27
12.61
12.81
9.55
13.89
11.60
14.54
10.20

12.97
13.37
16.94
12.99
13.11
9.84
14.76
11.89
14.93
10.71

12.98
13.33
16.75
13.02
13.15
9.92
14.85
11.82
14.98
10.77

8.27

8.28

8.62

8.66

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores




52
521
523
525
526

9.72
10.14
10.20
8.15
8.85

9.76
10.18
10.17
8.20
8.61

10.14
10.53
10.50
8.46
9.28

10.09
10.49
10.52
8.48
9.10

Apr.
1998P

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

-

-

_

-

466.00
452.30
593.65
467.63
485.64
325.66
566.60
433.90
540.38
373.89

466.25
449.98
587.35
465.31
493.19
330.43
561.16
435.00
548.16
372.30

485.08
500.04
625.09
488.42
499.49
323.74
596.30
444.69
559.88
389.84

484.15
493.21
614.73
489.55
502.33
324.38
592.52
443.25
563.25
388.80

8.69

237.35

236.81

247.39

248.54

_

340.20
372.14
362.10
251.84
278.78

338.67
370.55
362.05
252.56
268.63

350.84
381.19
365.40
257.18
281.18

350.12
380.79
371.36
258.64
277.55

-

_
-

—

Apr.
1998P

-

-

-

_
-

-

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
_
_
-

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

250.27

_
_
_
-

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

1987
SIC
Code

53
531
533
539
54
541
546

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

29.1
29.2
27.3
29.4

29.0
29.0
27.2
29.6

29.1
29.2
26.8
29.5

29.6
29.7
27.3
29.8

29.3
29.4
28.3

29.3
29.5
27.9

29.5
29.6
28.9

29.3
29.5
28.8

Apr.
1998P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

35.4
37.0
37.4
31.8
35.1

35.3
36.8
37.7
31.7
34.8

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.5
28.7
24.9
27.3
26.2

26.4
28.3
24.9
27.3
25.9

26.0
28.2
24.2
26.5
25.7

26.3
28.1
24.5
27.0
26.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.8
32.9
34.7
32.3
32.5
24.7

32.5
32.9
34.3
31.8
32.1
24.6

32.9
32.7
34.4
32.9
32.9
25.2

32.9
32.7
33.9
32.9
33.2
25.2

Eating and drinking places^

58

25.3

25.2

25.2

25.2

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.2
28.6
30.6
27.7
32.1
38.4
29.5
33.1
29.7

29.1
28.5
30.6
27.5
32.1
37.3
29.6
33.0
29.9

29.4
28.4
30.0
27.4
31.8
38.6
31.6
34.1
30.1

29.0
28.1
30.0
27.3
31.7
37.9
29.9
33.8
30.4

36.5

35.9

37.1

36.9

36.5

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_

_
_

_
_

-

_
_
_

-

-

-

_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.4
35.1
35.7
34.7
36.2

35.1
34.8
35.0
34.6
35.9

36.2
36.1
36.0
36.2
36.1

35.8
35.7
35.7
35.7
36.0

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

39.0
39.7

37.7
38.2

38.9
39.1

39.1
39.6

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity sen^ices

628

38.7

37.6

39.8

39.7

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

39.1
39.0
39.2
39.3
39.0

38.3
37.8
38.8
39.1
38.4

40.0
40.3
39.8
40.3
39.8

39.8
40.2
39.6
40.0
39.6

_
_

32.6

32.4

32.8

32.7

32.6

33.1

34.3

32.6

33.1




Apr.
1998P

-

35.4
36.8
37.7
31.8
36.3

07

Mar.
1998P

-

35.5
37.0
37.4
31.9
36.3

Agricultural services

Feb.
1998

-

55
551
553
554
559

Services

Apr.
1997

-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

Finance, insurance, and real estate^

Mar.
1997

-

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

1987
SIC
Code

53
531
533
539
54
541
546
55
551
553
554
559
56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places^

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

Finance, insurance, and real estate^
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

$8.16
8.21
7.49
7.89

$8.13
8.17
7.57
7.90

$8.46
8.50
7.91
8.22

$8.58
8.64
7.89
8.27

8.71
8.82
7.63

8.94
9.05
7.84

8.98
9.07
8.01

11.32
14.26
9.35
7.39
12.33

11.71
14.63
9.75
7.67
12.65

11.82
14.82
9.76
7.71
12.44

8.65
8.76
7.59
11.31
14.24
9.33
7.39
12.39
7.96
9.42
7.92
7.70
7.82

8.00
9.59
7.89
7.73
7.93

8.36
10.06
8.29
8.09
8.19

8.40
10.08
8.37
8.16
8.19

11.01
10.37
10.44
11.92
10.88
6.91

10.98
10.34
10.40
11.91
10.89
6.99

11.75
11.04
11.12
12.68
11.89
7.28

11.69
11.01
11.12
12.57
11.83
7.31

5.95

5.96

6.23

6.26

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$237.46
239.73
204.48
231.97

$235.77
236.93
205.90
233.84

$246.19
248.20
211.99
242.49

$253.97
256.61
215.40
246.45

253.45
257.54
214.80

255.20
260.19
212.88

263.73
267.88
226.58

263.11
267.57
230.69

401.51
526.88
348.94
235.74
449.76

400.73
524.77
352.50
235.00
447.58

414.53
541.31
364.65
243.91
444.02

417.25
545.38
367.95
244.41
432.91

210.94
270.35
197.21
210.21
204.88

211.20
271.40
196.46
211.03
205.39

217.36
283.69
200.62
214.39
210.48

220.92
283.25
205.07
220.32
212.94

-

361.13
341.17
362.27
385.02
353.60
170.68

356.85
340.19
356.72
378.74
349.57
171.95

386.58
361.01
382.53
417.17
391.18
183.46

384.60
360.03
376.97
413.55
392.76
184.21

-

150.54

150.19

157.00

157.75

264.84
273.42
232.87
233.23
307.52
469.25
269.63
371.38
280.37

263.65
273.60
232.56
229.90
309.77
453.57
269.95
374.22
281.06

274.89
281.16
234.90
237.28
317.05
494.85
291.98
378.85
290.77

273.76
279.03
237.60
239.69
317.95
481.33
281.96
370.45
297.01

Apr.
1998P

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_

9.07
9.56
7.61
8.42
9.58
12.22
9.14
11.22
9.44

9.06
9.60
7.60
8.36
9.65
12.16
9.12
11.34
9.40

9.35
9.90
7.83
8.66
9.97
12.82
9.24
11.11
9.66

9.44
9.93
7.92
8.78
10.03
12.70
9.43
10.96
9.77

13.20

13.09

13.92

13.96

$13.95

481.80

469.93

516.43

515.12

10.78
10.29
10.12
10.41
10.50

_

361.08
340.47
342.36
339.37
366.34

353.81
334.78
333.90
334.58
360.80

387.70
369.66
362.16
375.39
379.05

385.92
367.35
361.28
371.64
378.00

10.20
9.70
9.59
9.78
10.12

10.08
9.62
9.54
9.67
10.05

10.71
10.24
10.06
10.37
10.50

-

-

_

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

13.32
11.47

13.34
11.61

14.27
11.99

14.60
12.04

-

519.48
455.36

502.92
443.50

555.10
468.81

570.86
476.78

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

18.65

18.66

20.28

20.14

—

721.76

701.62

807.14

799.56

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

Services
Agricultural services




07

15.60
14.49
14.74
15.02
16.94

15.55
14.35
14.58
14.89
16.98

16.55
14.99
15.44
15.77
18.25

16.51
14.88
15.60
15.95
18.15

12.24

12.20

12.75

12.77

9.43

9.37

9.94

9.88

_
-

_
-

12.74
-

609.96
565.11
577.81
590.29
660.66

595.57
542.43
565.70
582.20
652.03

662.00
604.10
614.51
635.53
726.35

657.10
598.18
617.76
638.00
718.74

399.02

395.28

418.20

417.58

312.13

321.39

324.04

327.03

Apr.
1998P

-

-

_
-

-

_
-

-

-

$509.18

_
-

_
-

-

_
_
_
-

415.32
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

074
078

28.7
35.3

28.8
36.6

29.0
34.5

28.8
35.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels^

701

31.1

30.5

31.2

31.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops^
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

33.8
28.1
25.9

34.1
27.8
27.2

33.7
28.4
28.7

34.0
28.2
25.6

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business sen/ices
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

33.6
37.3

33.4
36.5

33.6
36.9

33.5
37.4

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.2
28.8
37.5
27.9
39.0
38.1
40.6
38.8

36.1
28.9
36.9
28.2
39.0
37.7
40.3
38.9

38.2
28.5
37.0
27.7
38.1
36.6
40.3
37.8

37.1
28.5
37.1
27.6
38.4
36.1
40.2
38.3

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.6
38.4
38.7
39.4
38.1
38.6
33.1
34.7
36.0

32.3
38.1
38.5
38.3
38.0
38.1
32.9
34.3
35.3

32.5
38.9
38.1
40.4
39.5
38.6
32.9
34.4
35.7

32.3
38.6
38.2
40.2
38.6
39.0
32.8
34.5
35.6

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

36.1
36.4
36.5
33.9
38.3
38.3
37.8
31.0
28.4

35.9
36.0
36.0
32.8
38.1
38.1
37.6
31.0
28.2

35.7
36.6
36.7
33.5
38.1
38.3
37.5
30.0
26.7

35.6
37.1
37.0
33.0
37.7
37.8
37.2
30.3
27.1

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.5

38.5

38.0

38.2

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.3
39.1
24.1

30.0
39.3
23.7

30.2
39.2
23.2

29.8
38.5
23.4

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.3
24.7
25.8
19.0
27.8

26.1
24.6
25.5
18.6
27.7

26.5
25.2
25.7
19.7
27.7

26.1
25.1
25.4
19.4
27.7

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

33.0
33.3
28.7
30.9
32.3
31.8
34.7

32.9
33.0
28.5
30.3
32.1
31.7
34.7

33.3
33.5
28.5
30.4
32.4
31.6
35.3

33.2
33.2
28.5
30.4
32.4
31.7
35.2




Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

-

_

-

-

_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

_

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

_
_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_
_

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

_
_

_
_

_

-

_
_
_

-

-

_
_
_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

-

$269.21
336.76

$271.01
344.04

$283.91
347.76

$282.24
353.65

—

8.87

-

263.42

258.03

277.37

275.86

—

8.23
9.22
8.69

8.26
9.22
8.85

-

270.06
252.90
210.57

272.80
249.64
215.42

277.35
261.85
249.40

280.84
260.00
226.56

11.70
16.74

12.38
17.33

12.42
17.40

393.79
627.01

390.78
611.01

415.97
639.48

416.07
650.76

10.87
7.75
10.11
7.45
11.93
11.10
15.63
10.98

10.84
7.81
10.16
7.51
11.87
10.93
15.71
10.92

11.10
8.11
10.97
7.75
12.41
12.18
15.88
11.40

11.15
8.13
11.13
7.73
12.51
12.30
16.09
11.45

393.49
223.20
379.13
207.86
465.27
422.91
634.58
426.02

391.32
225.71
374.90
211.78
462.93
412.06
633.11
424.79

424.02
231.14
405.89
214.68
472.82
445.79
639.96
430.92

413.67
231.71
412.92
213.35
480.38
444.03
646.82
438.54

9.62
19.70
22.73
20.19
14.96
14.12
9.70
7.65
12.06

9.62
19.59
22.58
20.02
15.17
14.41
9.73
7.72
12.06

10.13
20.68
24.04
20.87
15.91
15.41
10.01
8.09
12.87

10.18
20.72
24.17
20.73
16.03
15.73
10.03
8.08
13.00

313.61
756.48
879.65
795.49
569.98
545.03
321.07
265.46
434.16

310.73
746.38
869.33
766.77
576.46
549.02
320.12
264.80
425.72

329.23
804.45
915.92
843.15
628.45
594.83
329.33
278.30
459.46

328.81
799.79
923.29
833.35
618.76
613.47
328.98
278.76
462.80

-

377.61
362.18
324.85
254.25
451.56
473.39
445.28
243.04
195.68

375.51
355.68
318.60
245.34
449.96
472.06
441.42
243.04
196.55

388.06
382.47
347.18
272.36
462.92
487.18
453.38
249.00
193.31

386.26
386.21
350.02
269.94
458.81
480.06
452.72
250.88
195.66

-

482.02

483.18

494.38

499.66

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

074
078

$9.38
9.54

$9.41
9.40

$9.79
10.08

$9.80
9.99

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels^

701

8.47

8.46

8.89

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops'^
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

7.99
9.00
8.13

8.00
8.98
7.92

73
731

11.72
16.81

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532.4
7538
754
7542

10.46
9.95
8.90
7.50
11.79
12.36
11.78
7.84
6.89

10.46
9.88
8.85
7.48
11.81
12.39
11.74
7.84
6.97

10.87
10.45
9.46
8.13
12.15
12.72
12.09
8.30
7.24

10.85
10.41
9.46
8.18
12.17
12.70
12.17
8.28
7.22

Miscellaneous repair services

76

12.52

12.55

13.01

13.08

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

14.35
20.05
6.39

14.12
19.59
6.45

14.92
20.03
7.08

14.79
19.96
7.13

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

9.40
7.25
8.82
8.28
9.12

9.30
7.26
8.74
8.39
9.04

9.85
7.42
9.07
8.76
9.53

9.85
7.43
9.10
8.78
9.60

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

13.14
13.66
13.54
12.23
9.20
8.62
14.91

13.16
13.62
13.57
12.29
9.24
8.65
14.93

13.56
14.15
13.96
13.09
9.62
9.09
15.26

13.59
14.19
13.98
13.13
9.63
9.13
15.28




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1998P

-

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

434.81
783.96
154.00

423.60
769.89
152.87

450.58
785.18
164.26

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

440.74
768.46
166.84

_
_
_

247.22
179.08
227.56
157.32
253.54

242.73
178.60
222.87
156.05
250.41

261.03
186.98
233.10
172.57
263.98

257.09
186.49
231.14
170.33
265.92

433.62
454.88
388.60
377.91
297.16
274.12
517.38

432.96
449.46
386.75
372.39
296.60
274.21
518.07

451.55
474.03
397.86
397.94
311.69
287.24
538.68

451.19
471.11
398.43
399.15
312.01
289.42
537.86

-

-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
Legal services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

808

28.8

28.7

29.3

29.2

81

36.3

34.7

35.6

35.4

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.3
31.5
30.9
29.8
32.1
32.4

31.0
31.1
31.0
29.8
31.8
31.6

31.4
31.5
30.8
30.1
32.3
32.7

31.3
31.3
30.9
30.0
32.2
32.5

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.2

34.9

35.5

35.5

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
N/lanagement and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.9
39.5
39.9
38.6
37.4
38.7
36.6
40.3
30.2
36.8
36.5
35.9
36.9
36.4

37.7
39.3
39.7
38.5
37.6
38.9
36.5
39.9
30.7
36.6
36.0
35.2
36.4
34.5

37.8
39.5
39.7
39.1
37.8
38.5
36.5
40.1
30.2
36.3
36.3
35.2
36.8
36.2

37.9
39.6
39.9
38.5
38.5
39.0
36.3
40.0
29.9
35.9
36.5
35.9
36.8
36.7

Services, nec

89

35.9

35.6

34.1

35.2

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours
Apr.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

-

Apr.
1998P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

Mar.
1998P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

—

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

808

$11.32

$11.24

$11.38

$11.34

Legal sen/ices

81

17.33

17.09

18.00

18.01

Social services
Individual and family sen^ices
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

8.76
9.31
8.55
7.52
8.85
10.54

8.73
9.26
8.50
7.48
8.87
10.50

9.07
9.62
8.79
7.82
9.15
11.14

9.08
9.63
8.81
7.81
9.17
11.10

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

17.39

17.19

18.35

18.34

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

17.01
18.89
19.71
17.00
13.35
14.46
17.96
20.00
14.10
20.92
16.07
14.43
18.11
14.95

16.92
18.80
19.65
16.82
13.30
14.37
17.73
19.79
13.67
20.89
16.04
14.49
18.09
14.69

17.69
19.51
20.37
17.57
13.65
15.15
18.43
20.37
14.74
21.66
16.99
15.31
19.10
15.62

17.70
19.57
20.43
17.73
13.58
15.31
18.37
20.13
14.95
21.59
16.92
15.20
18.97
15.56

Services, nec

89

17.04

16.85

17.42

17.55

Services->Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2 See table B-I5a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

-

$326.02

$322.59

$333.43

$331.13

-

-

611.75

593.02

640.80

637.55

-

-

274.19
293.27
264.20
224.10
284.09
341.50

270.63
287.99
263.50
222.90
282.07
331.80

284.80
303.03
270.73
235.38
295.55
364.28

284.20
301.42
272.23
234.30
295.27
360.75

—

612.13

599.93

651.43

651.07

-

644.68
746.16
786.43
656.20
499.29
559.60
657.34
806.00
425.82
769.86
586.56
518.04
668.26
544.18

637.88
738.84
780.11
647.57
500.08
558.99
647.15
789.62
419.67
764.57
577.44
510.05
658.48
506.81

668.68
770.65
808.69
686.99
515.97
583.28
672.70
816.84
445.15
786.26
616.74
538.91
702.88
565.44

670.83
774.97
815.16
682.61
522.83
597.09
666.83
805.20
447.01
775.08
617.58
545.68
698.10
571.05

-

-

611.74

599.86

594.02

617.76

-

Apr.
1998P

_
-

_
-

Apr.
1998P

-

-

—

-

^ Money payments only; tips, not included.
^ Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment sun/ey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
Employment
payments, were published in the June 1988
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Feb.
1997

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Feb.
1997

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$20.63

$20.73

$20.86

$20.99

$20.67

$20.76

$21.49

$21.19

Average hourly earnings.
including lump-sum payments

21.02

21.11

20.88

21.01

20.67

20.76

21.65

21.38

P = preliminary.




Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

$12.39

$12.40

$12.73

$12.77

$12.88

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

12.88
10.09
10.04
12.25
14.12
12.09
13.10
11.90
16.30
12.84
10.15

12.88
10.11
10.04
12.25
14.12
12.10
13.12
11.98
16.29
12.88
10.14

13.22
10.39
10.33
12.64
14.42
12.33
13.51
12.39
16.71
13.13
10.40

13.27
10.41
10.36
12.65
14.47
12.35
13.49
12.49
16.79
13.18
10.38

13.36
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

11.65
10.81
18.69
9.41
8.00
14.06
12.45
15.50
19.20
10.92
8.63

11.68
10.86
19.68
9.43
8.00
14.11
12.46
15.53
18.68
10.95
8.64

11.99
11.03
17.62
9.74
8.17
14.37
12.82
16.01
19.54
11.20
8.98

12.02
11.09
17.81
9.76
8.18
14.45
12.82
16.00
19.67
11.20
9.04

$12.15
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry
Manufacturing

^ Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.

B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers^ on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Apr.
1998P

Apr.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Apr.
1998P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$12.17
7.51

$12.17
7.50

$12.63
7.72

$12.66
7.73

$12.68 $421.08 $418.65 $437.00 $436.77 $434.92
259.93 258.11 267.11 266.65
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.98
9.86

16.05
9.90

16.85
10.30

17.06
10.42

$17.10
(2)

730.29
450.80

723.86
446.28

739.72
452.15

738.70 $742.14
450.98
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.67
9.67

15.75
9.71

16.18
9.89

16.27
9.93

$16.34
(2)

601.73
371.44

609.53
375.79

613.22
374.83

615.01 $619.29
375.46
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.08
8.07

13.09
8.07

13.42
8.20

13.48
8.23

$13.51
(2)

549.36
339.11

547.16
337.34

559.61
342.06

562.12 $551.21
343.17
(2)

Transportation and pubiic utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.70
9.07

14.77
9.11

15.23
9.31

15.16
9.26

$15.24
(2)

580.65
358.43

578.98
356.95

606.15
370.51

595.79 $598.93
363.73
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.28
8.20

13.33
8.22

13.84
8.46

13.85
8.46

$13.91
(2)

511.28
315.60

510.54
314.76

532.84
325.70

531.84 $532.75
324.69
(2)

Retail trade
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

8.27
5.10

8.28
5.10

8.62
5.27

8.66
5.29

$8.69
(2)

237.35
146.51

236.81
146.00

247.39
151.22

248.54 $250.27
151.73
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.20
8.15

13.09
8.07

13.92
8.51

13.96
8.52

$13.95
(2)

481.80
297.41

469.93
289.72

516.43
315.67

515.12 $509.18
314.48
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.24
7.56

12.20
7.52

12.75
7.79

12.77
7.80

$12.74
(2)

399.02
246.31

395.28
243.70

418.20
255.62

417.58 $415.32
254.93
(2)

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.




Mar.
1997

Apr.
1997

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1996 forward are subject to revision.

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$491.49
537.50
604.88

$501.65
557.21
629.31

$506.52
550.28
633.77

10.12

573.09

662.67

602.14

11.86

11.93

480.39

488.63

490.32

10.95
10.57
10.98
11.88
12.36

10.98
10.76
10.89
11.85
12.34

434.60
411.08
415.67
479.23
502.21

451.14
435.48
449.08
497.77
499.34

457.87
440.08
473.72
508.37
502.24

13.13
13.68
11.63
12.30
13.27
15.67
12.77
11.67
13.95
13.50
13.09
14.16
16.21
13.48
14.78
13.22
15.47
12.36

13.40
13.90
11.96
12.55
13.83
15.62
12.75
11.84
14.52
14.01
13.44
14.50
16.55
14.12
14.88
13.46
15.54
12.49

13.48
13.96
12.02
12.64
13.58
15.60
12.80
11.91
14.55
13.97
13.50
14.47
16.61
14.18
15.00
13.40
15.52
12.51

552.77
570.46
469.85
522.75
553.36
669.11
550.39
484.31
569.16
499.50
522.29
579.14
672.72
566.16
585.29
559.21
646.65
517.88

557.44
585.19
479.60
533.38
560.12
649.79
550.80
498.46
588.06
521.17
540.29
595.95
710.00
577.51
587.76
562.63
640.25
538.32

564.81
587.72
485.61
537.20
555.42
653.64
556.80
506.18
593.64
509.91
541.35
600.51
705.93
592.72
592.50
561.46
658.05
539.18

40.9
40.7

13.26
13.13

13.58
12.67

13.53
12.71

548.96
530.45

559.50
525.81

553.38
517.30

42.9
42.6
43.0
44.1
42.4
42.0
39.6
45.2

42.8
42.8
43.1
44.1
42.4
42.3
40.5
43.5

14.26
14.97
14.75
15.20
14.11
14.80
13.84
13.41

14.66
15.18
14.82
15.71
14.65
15.08
13.97
13.68

14.73
15.13
14.72
15.65
14.68
15.26
13.79
13.64

604.62
636.23
637.20
650.56
596.85
629.00
574.36
600.77

628.91
646.67
637.26
692.81
621.16
633.36
553.21
618.34

630.44
647.56
634.43
690.17
622.43
645.50
558.50
593.34

41.5
40.3
42.7

41.6
40.1
42.5

42.3
41.3
44.4

14.70
13.26
17.69

14.92
13.62
18.39

15.23
14.14
18.60

610.05
534.38
755.36

620.67
546.16
781.58

644.23
583.98
825.84

39.3

38.7

39.2

14.16

14.05

14.25

556.49

543.74

558.60

Rorida

41.7

41.7

41.7

10.84

11.25

11.23

452.03

469.13

468.29

Georgia

42.3
42.7
47.1

41.6
40.4
48.8

41.9
40.9
46.2

11.53
12.56
14.00

11.89
12.87
14.67

11.84
12.95
14.33

487.72
538.31
659.40

494.62
519.95
715.90

496.10
529.66
662.05

41.1
40.7

37.0
39.1

37.3
39.7

12.91
13.00

13.43
13.38

13.33
13.26

530.60
529.10

496.91
523.16

497.21
526.42

Idaho

39.5

37.2

37.4

12.73

12.53

12.87

502.84

466.12

481.34

Illinois

42.4
41.1
41.1
42.3
42.1
42.4
41.6
42.4
43.1
42.2

42.0
37.6
41.2
42.4
43.2
43.1
41.6
42.9
43.2
41.5

41.8
39.1
41.0
42.1
43.4
42.7
41.9
42.7
43.7
41.8

13.32
17.53
10.80
13.17
15.36
16.40
14.60
16.51
15.10
11.75

13.57
17.48
11.25
13.44
15.62
16.78
14.91
16.59
15.16
12.22

13.60
17.28
11.29
13.46
15.65
16.76
14.98
16.68
15.20
11.98

564.77
720.48
443.88
557.09
646.66
695.36
607.36
700.02
650.81
495.85

569.94
657.25
463.50
569.86
674.78
723.22
620.26
711.71
654.91
507.13

568.48
675.65
462.89
566.67
679.21
715.65
627.66
712.24
664.24
500.76

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

41.9
43.0
43.8

41.7
43.6
44.1

42.0
43.5
44.6

$11.73
12.50
13.81

$12.03
12.78
14.27

$12.06
12.65
14.21

Alaska

58.3

66.6

59.5

9.83

9.95

Arizona

41.2

41.2

41.1

11.66

Arkansas

41.0
40.5
39.4
41.6
41.3

41.2
41.2
40.9
41.9
40.4

41.7
40.9
43.5
42.9
40.7

10.60
10.15
10.55
11.52
12.16

42.1
41.7
40.4
42.5
41.7
42.7
43.1
41.5
40.8
37.0
39.9
40.9
41.5
42.0
39.6
42.3
41.8
41.9

41.6
42.1
40.1
42.5
40.5
41.6
43.2
42.1
40.5
37.2
40.2
41.1
42.9
40.9
39.5
41.8
41.2
43.1

41.9
42.1
40.4
42.5
40.9
41.9
43.5
42.5
40.8
36.5
40.1
41.5
42.5
41.8
39.5
41.9
42.4
43.1

41.4
40.4

41.2
41.5

42.4
42.5
43.2
42.8
42.3
42.5
41.5
44.8

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

Mar.
1997

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

Atlanta
Savannah

Hawsii
Honolulu

Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield




B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

43.2
40.7
39.8
43.5
41.4
42.7
44.0
48.7
43.3
43.5
42.3
42.2

42.7
40.3
39.4
43.6
41.7
42.7
44.1
48.1
42.7
45.3
41.7
43.8

42.6
40.6
39.7
43.2
41.6
41.7
44.1
51.7
42.0
45.5
39.6
44.6

$14.69
13.19
12.27
14.06
14.59
18.50
15.68
18.47
14.78
14.42
12.78
14.59

$14.90
11.98
12.28
14.95
14.72
19.21
15.65
20.93
15.91
14.60
12.50
14.93

$14.91
11.97
12.37
14.93
14.68
18.74
15.68
20.74
15.68
14.45
12.47
14.86

$634.61
536.83
488.35
611.61
604.03
789.95
689.92
899.49
639.97
627.27
540.59
615.70

$636.23
482.79
483.83
651.82
613.82
820.27
690.17
1,006.73
679.36
661.38
521.25
653.93

$635.17
485.98
491.09
644.98
610.69
781.46
691.49
1,072.26
658.56
657.48
493.81
662.76

42.3
43.0
43.1
40.6
39.4

42.1
41.5
43.5
39.4
40.4

41.4
41.3
40.6
39.6
42.0

13.43
15.97
13.60
14.78
11.01

13.83
16.65
13.99
15.17
11.24

13.94
19.27
13.87
15.04
11.39

568.09
686.71
586.16
600.07
433.79

582.24
690.98
608.57
597.70
454.10

577.12
795.85
563.12
595.58
478.38

42.4
42.3
43.8

42.3
42.3
43.6

42.2
41.7
43.6

13.30
14.73
15.49

13.79
15.57
16.22

13.86
15.84
16.29

563.92
623.08
678.46

583.32
658.61
707.19

584.89
660.53
710.24

41.7
42.9
41.5

42.1
44.0
41.8

41.5
42.4
41.5

13.22
13.79
14.59

13.63
13.91
15.24

13.61
13.79
15.20

551.27
591.59
605.49

573.82
612.04
637.03

564.82
584.70
630.80

44.3
43.0
45.3
42.9

43.9
44.0
43.9
42.5

44.7
43.9
43.9
42.7

14.03
16.04
14.22
13.86

14.79
17.34
14.73
14.36

14.89
17.37
14.50
14.90

621.53
689.72
644.17
594.59

649.28
762.96
646.65
610.30

665.58
762.54
636.56
636.23

40.2
40.8
36.7

40.4
40.1
39.7

40.6
40.0
40.1

13.05
10.87
10.92

13.29
11.54
11.22

13.33
11.31
11.28

524.61
443.50
400.76

536.92
462.75
445.43

541.20
452.40
452.33

41.2
41.5

41.8
41.3

42.1
41.7

14.18
14.89

14.15
14.77

14.36
14.83

584.22
617.94

591.47
610.00

604.56
618.41

42.2
41.9
41.8
42.5

42.0
41.5
41.6
43.1

42.3
42.0
41.6
43.3

13.33
14.44
12.82
13.29

13.64
14.73
13.33
13.80

13.66
14.78
13.36
13.69

562.53
605.04
535.88
564.83

572.88
611.30
554.53
594.78

577.82
620.76
555.78
592.78

44.6
43.8
46.2
47.1
42.1
40.1
45.5
44.6
48.7

43.4
45.3
44.1
43.5
41.4
43.4
44.3
38.9
44.5

43.1
45.4
44.4
43.5
40.1
43.3
44.5
39.9
44.8

17.10
17.90
18.62
22.15
14.68
13.17
15.77
18.68
20.29

17.43
18.96
19.02
24.43
14.62
13.03
15.23
19.27
21.15

17.66
18.92
19.19
24.70
14.72
12.77
15.43
19.43
21.51

762.66
784.02
860.24
1,043.26
618.03
528.12
717.53
833.13
988.12

756.46
858.89
838.78
1,062.70
605.27
565.50
674.69
749.60
941.17

761.15
858.97
852.04
1,074.45
590.27
552.94
686.63
775.26
963.65

41.1
38.5
41.1
42.3

41.4
42.2
42.1
43.3

41.4
40.8
42.0
44.7

13.59
11.92
14.56
12.45

13.81
12.46
14.73
12.90

13.94
12.13
14.88
13.48

558.55
458.92
598.42
526.64

571.73
525.81
620.13
558.57

577.12
494.90
624.96
602.56

41.1
42.2

41.3
40.3

41.3
39.1

10.34
12.02

10.65
11.92

10.67
11.97

424.97
507.24

439.85
480.38

440.67
468.03

41.5
43.1
42.9
38.7

41.3
44.1
42.1
40.2

41.2
43.5
42.4
38.3

12.90
14.25
15.06
11.08

13.13
14.54
15.65
11.30

13.29
14.36
15.80
11.32

535.35
614.18
646.07
428.80

542.27
641.21
658.87
454.26

547.55
624.66
669.92
433.56

Montana

39.0

39.7

39.5

13.23

13.76

13.53

515.97

546.27

534.44

Nebrasl(a

40.6
44.9
42.0

41.3
44.5
41.9

40.4
43.1
41.2

11.94
13.44
13.16

12.11
13.82
13.22

12.07
13.87
13.17

484.76
603.46
552.72

500.14
614.99
553.92

487.63
597.80
542.60

42.6
39.1

40.7
41.3

40.6
41.1

14.62
16.05

13.75
14.90

13.90
15.06

622.81
627.56

559.63
615.37

564.34
618.97

Indim
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
S t . LOUIS

Springfield

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas




Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$531.29
547.45
610.58
512.74

$525.01
544.65
595.40
502.35

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

42.3
43.1
41.4
42.7

41.9
39.3
41.2
42.8

41.8
38.6
41.9
42.5

$12.29
13.01
14.61
11.30

$12.68
13.93
14.82
11.98

$12.56
14.11
14.21
11.82

New Jersey

42.0

41.6

41.7

14.20

14.52

14.48

596.40

604.03

603.82

New Mexico

40.0
40.8

38.8
38.4

40.1
40.2

11.17
12.00

12.46
13.45

12.35
13.15

446.80
489.60

483.45
516.48

495.24
528.63

41.2
41.5
41.2
43.5
38.4
40.5
40.2
39.1
38.7
42.1
43.3
42.8
43.0
40.1
40.8

41.0
41.6
41.3
43.0
39.9
41.5
40.0
39.1
38.9
41.5
42.0
41.7
42.7
40.8
39.5

41.4
41.7
41.3
43.7
40.0
42.0
40.6
39.4
39.2
41.3
42.2
42.6
43.6
40.8
40.6

13.09
14.70
10.05
16.37
12.10
12.20
12.19
11.85
11.64
11.34
14.82
15.55
14.42
11.69
12.18

13.44
14.54
10.48
17.17
12.15
12.63
12.36
12.43
12.21
11.49
14.84
15.69
14.36
11.60
12.96

13.54
14.63
10.72
17.40
12.05
12.75
12.52
12.34
12.12
11.22
14.90
15.55
14.43
11.60
12.98

539.31
610.05
414.06
712.10
464.64
494.10
490.04
463.34
450.47
477.41
641.71
665.54
620.06
468.77
496.94

551.04
604.86
432.82
738.31
484.79
524.15
494.40
486.01
474.97
476.84
623.28
654.27
613.17
473.28
511.92

560.56
610.07
442.74
760.38
482.00
535.50
508.31
486.20
475.10
463.39
628.78
662.43
629.15
473.28
526.99

41.1
42.6
41.5
40.2
41.9

40.9
42.4
40.6
40.4
41.2

41.1
41.1
41.1
40.3
41.5

11.29
10.90
12.20
11.47
12.33

11.62
11.24
12.65
11.72
12.74

11.69
11.44
12.80
11.77
12.77

464.02
464.34
506.30
461.09
516.63

475.26
476.58
513.59
473.49
524.89

480.46
470.18
526.08
474.33
529.96

40.9
38.6

40.2
39.8

40.5
38.4

11.28
10.80

11.28
10.96

11.45
10.56

461.35
416.88

453.46
436.21

463.73
405.50

43.9
42.8
41.1
43.3
44.2
42.7
45.1
46.0
43.3
45.2
43.2
45.1
44.1

43.1
43.1
42.5
43.9
43.7
42.4
43.3
46.1
42.9
42.7
42.2
44.2
42.2

43.1
43.1
43.2
43.1
43.5
42.7
43.4
45.8
43.1
43.2
42.0
44.6
42.4

15.11
12.71
13.37
14.48
15.03
14.18
16.28
16.73
16.00
16.04
15.53
16.78
16.98

15.59
12.96
13.71
14.93
15.16
14.64
16.57
17.10
16.10
16.13
16.08
17.06
17.83

15.66
12.97
13.85
14.97
15.20
14.51
16.63
17.17
16.12
16.26
16.00
17.16
17.93

663.33
543.99
549.51
626.98
664.33
605.49
734.23
769.58
692.80
725.01
670.90
756.78
748.82

671.93
558.58
582.68
655.43
662.49
620.74
717.48
788.31
690.69
688.75
678.58
754.05
752.43

674.95
559.01
598.32
645.21
661.20
619.58
721.74
786.39
694.77
702.43
672.00
765.34
760.23

42.0
43.6
41.1

41.9
43.4
43.2

42.2
42.9
43.8

12.48
14.30
12.91

12.35
13.53
12.92

12.37
13.50
12.92

524.16
623.48
530.60

517.47
587.20
558.14

522.01
579.15
565.90

41.1
41.2
40.5
42.1
39.7

40.8
40.4
39.1
41.2
39.0

40.9
41.5
39.9
41.0
39.2

13.29
12.79
12.04
13.20
11.72

13.83
13.35
12.69
13.86
12.01

14.00
13.30
12.70
13.94
12.02

546.22
526.95
487.62
555.72
465.28

564.26
539.34
496.18
571.03
468.39

572.60
551.95
506.73
571.54
471.18

42.2
42.2
41.3
44.4
39.9
40.5
40.9
41.8
43.0
42.8
41.5
44.7
41.4
42.3
42.4

41.7
42.4
39.9
44.4
39.6
39.9
40.8
41.2
42.6
42.4
40.6
42.6
42.1
41.8
42.3

41.8
42.0
40.0
44.4
40.2
38.7
40.8
41.3
42.9
42.1
40.8
42.3
41.5
40.5
42.5

13.70
13.72
11.36
13.89
13.09
9.95
12.52
14.73
14.61
15.10
12.11
14.62
11.78
11.28
14.27

13.99
14.26
11.97
14.11
13.37
10.36
12.94
15.26
14.79
15.25
12.60
15.01
12.23
11.37
14.25

13.99
14.24
12.03
14.07
13.34
10.40
12.86
15.24
14.96
15.19
12.77
15.08
12.31
11.55
14.25

578.14
578.98
469.17
616.72
522.29
402.98
512.07
615.71
628.23
646.28
502.57
653.51
487.69
477.14
605.05

583.38
604.62
477.60
626.48
52945
413.36
527.95
628.71
630.05
646.60
511.56
639.43
514.88
475.27
602.78

584.78
598.08
481.20
624.71
536.27
402.48
524.69
629.41
641.78
639.50
521.02
637.88
510.87
467.78
605.63

Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

Albuquerque

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlolte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-HIgh Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




$519.87
560.73
604.85
482.51

B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

40.8
41.3

41.0
41.6

41.0
41.5

$11.19
11.33

$11.53
11.55

$11.57
11.66

South Carolina

41.9

42.4

42.5

10.31

10.44

South Dakota

41.9
40.4
41.7

42.4
41.0
43.2

42.5
41.0
43.3

9.92
9.67
10.26

41.0
43.1
39.9
40.2
41.8
40.6

40.8
42.3
39.0
41.0
40.2
41.3

41.1
42.6
39.6
40.9
40.3
40.8

43.3
43.7
43.8
45.5
41.0

43.4
42.6
43.0
45.5
41.8

40.1
39.9

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vermont
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Mar.
1997

Feb.
1998

Mar.
1998P

$456.55
467.93

$472.73
480.48

$474.37
483.89

10.47

431.99

442.66

444.98

10.07
10.22
10.50

10.08
10.23
10.50

415.65
390.67
427.84

426.97
419.02
453.60

428.40
419.43
454.65

11.48
10.68
12.47
10.98
12.15
12.33

11.95
10.99
12.67
11.90
12.43
12.92

11.88
11.05
12.69
11.72
12.50
12.65

470.68
460.31
497.55
441.40
507.87
500.60

487.56
464.88
494.13
487.90
499.69
533.60

488.27
470.73
502.52
479.35
503.75
516.12

43.6
42.6
43.3
45.4
42.7

11.99
12.07
12.58
13.73
9.65

12.13
12.54
12.89
14.30
9.72

12.14
12.56
12.93
14.15
9.82

519.17
527.46
551.00
624.72
395.65

526.44
534.20
554.27
650.65
406.30

529.30
535.06
559.87
642.41
419.31

39.7
39.6

40.1
39.9

12.97
12.70

12.99
12.83

12.91
12.73

520.10
506.73

515.70
508.07

517.69
507.93

39.8
43.1

39.1
43.0

39.7
43.5

12.66
13.20

12.87
13.43

12.82
13.70

503.87
568.92

503.22
577.49

508.95
595.95

42.1
42.1
43.8
44.5
41.5
41.6
42.3
40.0

42.1
39.0
44.0
42.3
45.5
40.8
40.8
41.8

42.0
40.2
42.8
43.0
45.7
41.1
40.5
41.5

12.35
10.67
10.14
12.37
12.05
12.75
15.65
14.15

12.82
10.42
10.39
12.94
12.60
12.98
15.62
14.17

12.79
10.60
10.59
12.82
12.61
13.08
15.52
14.00

519.94
449.21
444.13
550.47
500.08
530.40
662.00
566.00

539.72
406.38
457.16
547.36
573.30
529.58
637.30
592.31

537.18
426.12
453.25
551.26
576.28
537.59
628.56
581.00

Washington

40.0

40.7

41.0

15.13

15.64

15.66

605.20

636.55

642.06

West Virginia

41.7
45.6
42.2
44.1
41.4

41.5
46.4
42.6
43.4
39.5

41.8
47.5
42.8
42.8
39.9

13.03
14.37
14.74
16.54
14.34

13.41
14.86
14.68
17.22
15.62

13.50
15.17
14.68
17.18
15.84

543.35
655.27
622.03
729.41
593.68

556.52
689.50
625.37
747.35
616.99

564.30
720.58
628.30
735.30
632.02

41.7
44.0
43.5
41.9
44.0
39.1
42.5
40.7
41.9
41.7
43.2
42.7

41.8
44.9
40.5
41.4
44.0
40.4
42.5
40.2
42.2
42.7
41.1
41.9

41.7
44.7
39.8
41.1
42.9
39.8
42.8
40.2
42.2
40.7
41.3
41.7

13.59
14.68
12.69
14.77
16.81
14.73
12.47
12.66
14.80
13.81
12.81
13.10

13.87
14.83
12.91
15.07
17.64
15.15
12.25
13.00
14.88
14.43
12.96
13.25

13.98
14.88
12.89
15.29
17.90
15.43
12.22
12.99
15.07
14.41
13.64
13.19

566.70
645.92
552.02
618.86
739.64
575.94
529.98
515.26
620.12
575.88
553.39
559.37

579.77
665.87
522.86
623.90
776.16
61^06
520.63
522.60
627.94
616.16
532.66
555.18

582.97
665.14
513.02
628.42
767.91
614.11
523.02
522.20
635.95
586.49
563.33
550.02

40.4

40.0

39.9

14.39

14.96

14.87

581.36

598.40

593.31

Puerto Rico

39.6

39.9

39.8

7.85

8.36

8.42

310.86

333.56

335.12

Virgin Islands

42.6

39.9

39.3

17.96

18.32

18.28

765.10

730.97

718.40

Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Osh!<osh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Census region and division
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,071.1 26,094.6 26,126.6 26,135.7 26,159.5 26,153.9 26,142.6 26,140.0 26,114.2 26,078.5 26,077.0 26,097.5 26,103.0
24,636.7 24,659.9 24,693.4 24,706.7 24,744.0 24,748.0 24,749.8 24,771.1 24,769.1 24,758.5 24,799.0 24,806.3 24,796.9
1,434.4 1,434.7 1,433.2 1,428.9 1,415.5 1,405.9 1,392.8 1,368.8 1,345.1 1,320.0 1,278.0 1,291.1 1,306.1
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.0

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,096.1
6,775.8
320.4
4.5

7,112.1
6,784.8
327.3
4.6

7,120.1
6,796.7
323.4
4.5

7,122.9
6,803.3
319.6
4.5

7,128.7
6,815.2
313.5
4.4

7,130.7
6,819.0
311.7
4.4

7,131.3
6,822.6
308.7
4.3

7,140.9
6,837.6
303.3
4.2

7,137.9
6,839.4
298.5
4.2

7,132.8
6,840.1
292.7
4.1

7,130.7
6,861.1
269.7
3.8

7,123.0
6,864.6
258.4
3.6

7,137.5
6,863.0
274.6
3.8

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,974.9 18,982.5 19,006.6 19,012.7 19,030.8 19,023.2 19,011.3 18,999.1 18,976.3 18,945.7 18,946.3 18,974.5 18,965.4
17,860.9 17,875.1 17,896.7 17,903.4 17,928.8 17,929.0 17,927.2 17,933.5 17,929.8 17,918.4 17,937.9 17,941.7 17,933.9
1,114.0 1,107.5 1,109.9 1,109.3 1,102.0 1,094.2 1,084.1 1,065.5 1,046.5 1,027.3 1,008.3 1,032.7 1,031.5
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.4

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,907.0 46,960.3 47,041.6 47,116.6 47,215.1 47,278.9 47,364.2 47,490.8 47,600.5 47,694.8 47,816.2 47,818.3 47,860.8
44,523.2 44,599.6 44,675.3 44,738.5 44,861.3 44,961.2 45,063.7 45,245.0 45,387.7 45,523.3 45,689.9 45,752.0 45,756.5
2,383.9 2,360.6 2,366.3 2,378.2 2,353.9 2,317.7 2,300.6 2,245.9 2,212.8 2,171.5 2,126.3 2,066.4 2,104.4
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.4

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,239.5 24,275.7 24,325.9 24,365.4 24,413.3 24,456.8 24,502.9 24,569.1 24,635.4 24,677.1 24,738.2 24,765.7 24,749.5
23,104.6 23,150.4 23,197.5 23,235.9 23,301.7 23,355.7 23,410.1 23,503.8 23,575.5 23,630.4 23,695.5 23,724.7 23,718.2
1,134.9 1,125.3 1,128.4 1,129.5 1,111.6 1,101.1 1,092.8 1,065.2 1,060.0 1,046.7 1,042.6 1,041.0 1,031.4
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,030.0
7,588.3
441.7
5.5

8,039.8
7,602.4
437.4
5.4

8,051.5
7,611.7
439.9
5.5

8,067.5
7,622.5
445.1
5.5

8,092.5
7,646.7
445.8
5.5

8,085.8
7,654.0
431.7
5.3

8,097.1
7,663.0
434.1
5.4

8,118.6
7,700.9
417.7
5.1

8,135.3
7,725.7
409.7
5.0

8,145.8
7,748.2
397.5
4.9

8,144.8
7,775.6
369.1
4.5

8,136.3
7,785.3
351.0
4.3

8,162.6
7,780.9
381.8
4.7

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




14.637.5 14.644.8 14,664.2 14,683.7 14,709.3 14,736.4 14,764.3 14,803.2 14,829.8 14,871.9 14,933.3 14,916.3 14,948.7
13,830.3 13.846.9 13,866.2 13,880.1 13,912.9 13,951.5 13,990.6 14,040.3 14,086.6 14,144.7 14,218.8 14.241.9 14.257.4
807.2
796.4
773.7
798.0
798.0
803.6
784.9
762.9
743.2
727.2
714.5
674.4
691.3
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.5
4.6

(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Census region and division
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

32,811.4 32,830.1 32,851.3 32,860.8 32,923.9 32,955.3 33,007.1 33,106.2 33,170.2 33,246.3 33,363.0 33,376.7 33,380.1
31,447.5 31,477.4 31,540.1 31,553.2 31,608.1 31,651.0 31,697.0 31,803.8 31,877.5 31,959.7 32,117.0 32,147.6 32,129.8
1,363.8 1,352.7 1,311.2 1,307.6 1,315.7 1,304.3 1,310.2 1,302.5 1,292.6 1,286.6 1,246.0 1,229.1 1,250.2
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.7

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,754.5 22,776.4 22,795.0 22,798.5 22,843.0 22,859.6 22,885.1 22,949.1 22,987.8 23,027.2 23,113.2 23,114.8 23,134.5
21,762.6 21,795.3 21,843.0 21,841.8 21,872.6 21,898.4 21,918.7 21,982.3 22,024.9 22,068.0 22,182.4 22,197.5 22,213.0
956.7
952.0
961.2
966.4
991.9
981.1
970.5
966.8
962.9
959.3
930.8
917.3
921.5
4,2
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.0

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,056.9 10,053.8 10,056.3 10,062.3 10,080.8 10,095.7 10,122.0 10,157.1 10,182.3 10,219.1 10,249.8 10,262.0 10,245.6
9,685.0 9,682.2 9,697.1 9,711.4 9,735.6 9,752.6 9,778.2 9,821.4 9,852.6 9,891.7 9,934.6 9,950.1 9,916.8
359.3
350.9
335.7
371.9
371.6
345.3
343.1
343.8
329.7
327.4
315.2
311.8
328.8
3.7
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,733.6 29,829.6 29,872.3 29,942.0 30,058.3 30,127.4 30,185.9 30,265.7 30,323.8 30,425.5 30,478.9 30,513.8 30,599.4
28,019.8 28,124.3 28,201.8 28,275.7 28,404.9 28,478.0 28,532.5 28,634.1 28,713.7 28,819.0 28,893.5 28,944.5 28,999.2
1,713.8 1,705.4 1,670.5 1,666.3 1,653.4 1,649.4 1,653.4 1,631.6 1,610.2 1,606.5 1,585.4 1,569.3 1,600.2
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.2

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,302.4
7,932.2
370.1
4.5

8,324.2
7,954.4
369.8
4.4

8,341.8
7,982.2
359.6
4.3

8,365.8
8,009.0
356.8
4.3

8,400.4
8,046.1
354.3
4.2

8,420.9
8,069.8
351.1
4.2

8,458.2
8,107.6
350.6
4.1

8,507.1
8,159.7
347.5
4.1

8,550.2
8,201.2
349.0
4.1

8,599.7
8,250.1
349.7
4.1

8,633.8
8,298.2
335.6
3.9

8,672.2
8,323.7
348.5
4.0

8,683.4
8,316.0
367.4
4.2

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,431.3 21,505.4 21,530.5 21,576.2 21,657.9 21,706.5 21,727.7 21,758.6 21,773.6 21,825.8 21,845.1 21,841.6 21,916.0
20,087.6 20,169.8 20,219.6 20,266.7 20,358.8 20,408.2 20,424.9 20,474.5 20,512.5 20,569.0 20,595.3 20,620.8 20,683.2
1,343.7 1,335.6 1,310.9 1,309.5 1,299.1 1,298.3 1,302.8 1,284.2 1,261.1 1,256.8 1,249.8 1,220.8 1,232.8
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.2
6.1
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.7
6.3
5.6
5.6

P = preliminary.
^ These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, Califomia, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

2,173.9
2,062.8
111.2
5.1

2,180.7
2,066.7
114.1
5.2

2,185.8
2,071.6
114.2
5.2

2,187.7
2,071.6
116.1
5.3

2,189.7
2,074.4
115.3
5.3

2,182.2
2,070.3
111.9
5.1

2,178.1
2,067.4
110.7
5.1

2,172.7
2,067.0
105.7
4.9

2,164.6
2,061.9
102.7
4.7

2,154.1
2,055.0
99.1
4.6

2,146.3
2,057.3
89.1
4.1

2,141.6
2,059.8
81.8
3.8

2,148.7
2,058.9
89.8
4.2

315.5
289.3
26.2
8.3

315.3
289.2
26.1
8.3

314.3
289.4
24.9
7.9

314.9
289.8
25.1
8.0

315.6
290.5
25.1
8.0

316.1
291.0
25.1
7.9

316.7
292.1
24.5
7.7

317.0
293.0
24.0
7.6

317.4
294.4
23.1
7.3

318.5
295.9
22.6
7.1

317.6
297.8
19.8
6.2

318.0
297.9
20.1
6.3

317.5
298.5
19.0
6.0

2,140.1
2,034.9
105.2
4.9

2,141.0
2,035.8
105.2
4.9

2,140.7
2,039.1
101.6
4.7

2,141.3
2,043.0
98.4
4.6

2,147.8
2,050.2
97.6
4.5

2,157.2
2,061.6
95.5
4.4

2,170.8
2,076.2
94.6
4.4

2,188.9
2,095.7
93.3
4.3

2,211.5
2,116.8
94.7
4.3

2,237.7
2,144.7
93.0
4.2

2,243.0
2,159.2
83.8
3.7

2,252.4
2,163.0
89.3
4.0

2,263.5
2,164.3
99.2
4.4

1,201.2
1,135.9
65.3
5.4

1,198.3
1,135.5
62.8
5.2

1,196.6
1,135.1
61.5
5.1

1,199.6
1,135.2
64.4
5.4

1,205.2
1,139.6
65.6
5.4

1,210.2
1,145.8
64.4
5.3

1,213.3
1,150.3
63.0
5.2

1,219.8
1,158.2
61.6
5.0

1,229.7
1,167.9
61.7
5.0

1,240.6
1,178.5
62.1
5.0

1,245.8
1,180.2
65.6
5.3

1,243.9
1,178.5
65.4
5.3

1,248.7
1,178.0
70.7
5.7

15,856.1
14,833.8
1,022.3
6.4

15,910.2
14,891.5
1,018.7
6.4

15,935.7
14,927.9
1,007.8
6.3

15,962.4
14,957.7
1,004.8
6.3

16,014.3
15,019.5
994.8
6.2

16,050.6
15,054.3
996.3
6.2

16,058.0
15,058.7
999.4
6.2

16,073.4
15,084.1
989.3
6.2

16,086.1
15,112.5
973.6
6.1

16,122.8
15,151.8
971.0
6.0

16,114.0
15,145.7
968.3
6.0

16,147.0
15,189.0
958.0
5.9

16,202.9
15,235.6
967.2
6.0

2,128.9
2,056.0
72.9
3.4

2,137.8
2,065.6
72.2
3.4

2,143.9
2,073.7
70.2
3.3

2,154.3
2,084.7
69.7
3.2

2,166.3
2,097.7
68.6
3.2

2,166.9
2,098.1
3.2

2,177.5
2,108.9
68.6
3.1

2,189.1
2,122.6
66.5
3.0

2,196.4
2,129.0
67.4
3.1

2.199.7
2.132.8
66.9
3.0

2,216.2
2,153.1
63.1
2.8

2,232.9
2,165.7
67.2
3.0

2,230.2
2,160.7
69.5
3.1

1,720.5
1,627.9
92.6
5.4

1,722.2
1,629.0
93.3
5.4

1.721.0
1.630.1
91.0
5.3

1,721.7
1,632.2
89.5
5.2

1,722.0
1,634.9
87.1
5.1

1,722.9
1,637.8
85.1
4.9

1,723.9
1,639.7
84.2
4.9

1,725.7
1,643.1
82.6
4.8

1,726.6
1,646.6
80.0
4.6

1,728.2
1,650.7
77.5
4.5

1,720.0
1,654.7
65.3
3.8

1,716.8
1,651.8
65.0
3.8

1,722.5
1,653.1
69.4
4.0

377.4
360.6
16.8
4.5

376.3
360.0
16.3
4.3

376.4
360.4
4.3

377.6
361.6
15.9
4.2

378.6
363.3
15.3
4.0

379.7
365.1
14.6
3.8

380.5
366.7
13.8
3.6

381.9
368.7
13.3
3.5

383.9
371.2
12.7
3.3

387.0
374.0
13.0
3.4

387.9
374.6
13.3
3.4

388.7
375.0
13.6
3.5

393.1
379.6
13.6
3.4

259.2
239.1
20.1
7.8

258.1
238.2
19.9
7.7

256.9
237.2
19.7
7.7

254.3
234.7
19.6
7.7

255.0
234.9
20.1
7.9

256.2
235.6
20.6
8.0

256.1
235.0
21.1
8.2

255.7
234.6
21.1
8.3

255.6
234.8
20.8
8.1

255.7
234.9
20.8
8.1

258.5
236.7
21.8
8.4

260.6
237.0
23.6
9.1

260.6
236.4
24.2
9.3

7,013.0
6,672.5
340.5
4.9

7,040.6
6,698.5
342.2
4.9

7,061.5
6,720.0
341.5
4.8

7,079.1
6,739.6
339.5
4.8

7,106.1
6,774.0
332.1
4.7

7,129.9
6,796.1
333.8
4.7

7,152.5
6,817.0
335.5
4.7

7,189.9
6,856.0
333.9
4.6

7.221.2
6.884.3
337.0
4.7

7,253.6
6,916.0
337.7
4.7

7.265.1
6.927.2
337.8
4.7

7,258.3
6,922.1
336.1
4.6

7,262.2
6,922.0
340.3
4.7

Alabama
Civilian labor force ....
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Alaska
Civilian labor force ....
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Arizona
Civilian labor force ....
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate ....

California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ....

Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ....

68.8

Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ....

Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ....

16.0

District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ....

Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ....

See footnotes at end of table.




(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

3.915.2
3.734.3
180.9
4.6

3,928.8
3,751.6
177.2
4.5

3,930.3
3,757.2
173.0
4.4

3.932.2
3.765.3
166.9
4.2

3,928.5
3,764.4
164.2
4.2

3.918.0
3.759.1
158.9
4.1

3,928.7
3,771.7
157.0
4.0

3,950.0
3,786.3
163.6
4.1

3,933.7
3,775.1
158.5
4.0

6.6

591.7
552.5
39.2
6.6

592.4
553.6
38.8
6.5

592.1
554.4
37.7
6.4

592.8
555.2
37.6
6.3

592.4
556.3
36.1
6.1

592.5
557.1
35.4
6.0

593.1
557.7
35.4
6.0

593.4
560.4
33.0
5.6

592.8
558.7
34.1
5.7

593.0
558.6
34.4
5.8

630.1
596.1
34.1
5.4

631.7
597.9
33.8
5.4

633.8
599.8
33.9
5.4

634.8
601.4
33.4
5.3

634.9
600.8
34.1
5.4

636.2
602.5
33.7
5.3

638.0
604.2
33.7
5.3

638.4
605.8
32.6
5.1

641.0
607.4
33.6
5.2

640.1
608.1
32.0
5.0

641.7
609.5
32.2
5.0

645.0
611.4
33.5
5.2

6.116.3
5.824.4
291.9
4.8

6,109.7
5,826.4
283.2
4.6

6,111.1
5,839.8
271.2
4.4

6,115.8
5,834.8
281.0
4.6

6,132.1
5,847.1
284.9
4.6

6,135.3
5,852.1
283.2
4.6

6,133.2
5,849.2
284.0
4.6

6,149.5
5,862.0
287.6
4.7

6,156.7
5,861.9
294.8
4.8

6,162.1
5,867.0
295.1
4.8

6,190.5
5,887.8
302.7
4.9

6,186.3
5,902.8
283.6
4.6

6.187.4
5.908.5
278.9
4.5

3.078.8
2.971.9
106.9
3.5

3,087.0
2,980.5
106.5
3.4

3,092.3
2,985.3
107.0
3.5

3,093.6
2,986.6
107.0
3.5

3,098.4
2,989.6
108.9
3.5

3,104.6
2,991.5
113.0
3.6

3,103.6
2,990.9
112.7
3.6

3,111.2
2,997.7
113.5
3.6

3,113.8
3,004.6
109.2
3.5

3,113.0
3,003.9
109.1
3.5

3,115.4
3,013.6
101.8
3.3

3,111.1
3,010.6
100.5
3.2

3,135.9
3,029.2
106.7
3.4

1,583.1
1,527.5
55.6
3.5

1,577.7
1,523.6
54.0
3.4

1,575.2
1,524.1
51.1
3.2

1,574.6
1,523.3
51.3
3.3

1,572.2
1,522.7
49.5
3.1

1,568.3
1,519.1
49.2
3.1

1,571.5
1,523.4
48.1
3.1

1,574.0
1,528.4
45.7
2.9

1,573.9
1,528.6
45.3
2.9

1,581.7
1,535.7
46.0
2.9

1,589.9
1,545.4
44.5
2.8

1,594.3
1,552.9
41.4
2.6

1,588.5
1,547.1
41.4
2.6

1.347.3
1,296.1
51.2
3.8

1,349.8
1,297.4
52.4
3.9

1,349.6
1,298.4
51.1
3.8

1,353.5
1,303.5
50.0
3.7

1.365.8
1.315.9
49.9
3.7

1,372.2
1,322.6
49.7
3.6

1,377.5
1,326.9
50.6
3.7

1,386.2
1,335.9
50.4
3.6

1,394.0
1,343.4
50.6
3.6

1,404.4
1,351.6
52.7
3.8

1,407.7
1,358.9
48.8
3.5

1,409.7
1,362.0
47.7
3.4

1,408.9
1,360.3
48.6
3.4

1,916.5
1,807.5
109.0
5.7

1,921.2
1,815.2
106.0
5.5

1.927.4
1.819.5
107.9
5.6

1,931.7
1,825.6
106.1
5.5

1,935.3
1,831.0
104.3
5.4

1,936.5
1,834.8
101.7
5.2

1,934.4
1,834.4
100.0
5.2

1,936.8
1,839.8
97.0
5.0

1.938.7
1.843.8
94.9
4.9

1,937.2
1,844.9
92.3
4.8

1,931.3
1,842.9
88.4
4.6

1,936.3
1,856.5
79.9
4.1

1,945.5
1,859.3
86.2
4.4

2,017.6
1,891.0
126.6
6.3

2,019.3
1,893.8
125.5
6.2

2,022.1
1,891.9
130.2
6.4

2,019.8
1,891.2
128.7
6.4

2,021.3
1,895.9
125.4
6.2

2,024.5
1,901.8
122.7
6.1

2,024.5
1,904.3
120.2
5.9

2,034.1
1,914.4
119.7
5.9

2,037.2
1,917.8
119.4
5.9

2,043.8
1,926.5
117.3
5.7

2,067.6
1,962.3
105.3
5.1

2,038.0
1,949.8
88.2
4.3

2,032.6
1,936.9
95.7
4.7

661.0
625.0
36.1
5.5

659.2
622.4
36.7
5.6

657.5
621.6
35.9
5.5

656.6
620.9
35.7
5.4

655.1
620.0
35.1
5.4

655.6
620.6
35.0
5.3

656.4
621.1
35.3
5.4

657.8
622.5
35.3
5.4

659.0
624.0
35.0
5.3

661.1
626.3
34.9
5.3

660.9
627.7
33.1
5.0

657.9
627.6
30.3
4.6

654.5
626.6
27.9
4.3

Mar.

Apr.

May

3.887.4
3,702.6
184.8
4.8

3,895.4
3,712.8
182.6
4.7

3,907.8
3,723.3
184.5
4.7

3.916.5
3.732.6
183.9
4.7

591.7
552.7
39.1

590.5
551.7
38.8
6.6

590.4
551.5
38.9

628.3
594.1
34.3
5.5

June

July

Georgia
Civilian labor force ...
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Hawaii
Civilian labor force ...
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Idaho
Civilian labor force ...
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Illinois
Civilian labor force ...
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Indiana
Civilian labor force ...
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

See footnotes at end of table.




C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

2,794.4
2,666.8
127.6
4.6

Maryland
Civilian lalwr force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,793.3
2,652.1
141.2
5.1

2,790.2
2,647.3
142.9
5.1

2,790.6
2,646.7
143.9
5.2

2,788.3
2,642.0
146.4
5.2

2,787.0
2,641.7
145.3
5.2

2,781.4
2,638.5
142.9
5.1

2,783.8
2,637.7
146.1
5.2

2,784.1
2,644.5
139.6
5.0

2,789.1
2,651.8
137.4
4.9

2,790.8
2,657.1
133.7
4.8

2.803.7
134.9
4.8

2,802.1
2,667.2
134.9
4.8

3,253.4
3,121.5
131.9
4.1

3,261.7
3,126.3
135.5
4.2

3,266.9
3,132.5
134.4
4.1

3,267.7
3,135.1
132.6
4.1

3,269.7
3,138.4
131.4
4.0

3,271.2
3,138.3
132.9
4.1

3,269.1
3,138.0
131.2
4.0

3,268.5
3,141.2
127.3
3.9

3,263.2
3,136.8
126.4
3.9

3,254.5
3,130.3
124.3
3.8

3,258.8
3,141.8
116.9
3.6

3.258.3
3.149.4
108.9
3.3

3,267.0
3,146.0

4,980.5
4,762.8
217.7
4.4

4,983.1
4,765.9
217.2
4.4

4,987.5
4,778.7
208.9
4.2

4,977.9
4,771.7
206.2
4.1

4,987.3
4,774.1
213.2
4.3

4,971.2
4,770.5
200.7
4.0

4,982.3
4,779.0
203.2
4.1

4,999.9
4,798.9
200.9
4.0

5,003.4
4,804.4
199.0
4.0

5,013.0
4,815.7
197.3
3.9

5,047.2
4,849.4
197.7
3.9

5,051.1
4,846.1
205.0
4.1

5,049.7
4,851.5
198.1
3.9

2,598.6
2,509.1
89.4
3.4

2,605.0
2,513.5
91.5
3.5

2,608.9
2,521.3
87.6
3.4

2,614.2
2,529.1
85.2
3.3

2,623.3
2,538.9
84.4
3.2

2,632.5
2,548.6
83.9
3.2

2,640.3
2,557.0
83.2
3.2

2,650.1
2,568.8
81.3
3.1

2,660.8
2,581.2
79.6
3.0

2,670.8
2,593.5
77.3
2.9

2,672.5

2,675.4
2,606.3
69.1
2.6

2,683.0

72.6
2.7

1,257.9
1,183.1
74.8
5.9

1,255.9
1,184.5
71.4
5.7

1,258.0
1,186.9
71.1
5.7

1,258.4
1,186.3
72.1
5.7

1,266.1
1,193.6
72.5
5.7

1,267.7
1,193.8
74.0
5.8

1,272.6
1,196.1
76.5
6.0

1,277.6
1,204.4
73.2
5.7

1,278.4
1,208.8
69.6
5.4

1,279.3
1,213.7
65.6
5.1

1.284.8
1.214.9
69.8
5.4

1,281.5
1,212.4
69.1
5.4

1,289.4
1,214.0
75.4
5.8

2,890.1
2,762.9
127.2
4.4

2,885.2
2,759.1
126.2
4.4

2,882.9
2,761.7
121.2
4.2

2,880.4
2,762.3
118.2
4.1

2,876.6
2,759.1
117.5
4.1

2,877.2
2,759.9
117.3
4.1

2,883.0
2,762.8
120.3
4.2

2,892.3
2,772.5
119.9
4.1

2,892.5
2,775.6
116.9
4.0

2,895.0
2,779.2
115.7
4.0

2,911.3
2,796.3
115.0
4.0

2,911.7
2,793.0
118.7
4.1

2,892.6
2,769.9
122.7
4.2

450.2
426.1
24.1
5.4

451.6
426.6
25.0
5.5

452.3
428.2
24.1
5.3

452.2
427.8
24.4
5.4

454.2
429.6
24.6
5.4

455.2
430.8
24.4
5.4

455.7
431.4
24.3
5.3

458.0
433.3
24.7
5.4

459.0
434.2
24.8
5.4

460.6
435.9
24.7
5.4

462.2
437.1
25.1
5.4

462.5
438.2
24.3
5.3

461.7
436.8
24.9
5.4

899.2
873.1
26.1
2.9

897.1
872.2
24.9
2.8

898.6
873.3
25.3
2.8

900.5
875.6
24.9
2.8

903.9
880.2
23.7
2.6

906.5
883.2
23.3
2.6

910.6
888.3
22.3
2.5

913.9
893.4
20.5
2.2

919.0
899.9
19.1
2.1

923.6
905.9
17.7
1.9

924.2
907.6
16.6
1.8

926.2
908.4
17.9
1.9

927.7
907.3
20.5
2.2

871.4
834.6
36.7
4.2

874.3
837.6
36.7
4.2

878.2
842.6
35.6
4.1

882.5
846.9
35.6
4.0

885.9
850.5
35.4
4.0

888.3
853.5
34.8
3.9

892.1
856.6
35.6
4.0

895.1
859.7
35.4
4.0

897.1
861.7
35.4
3.9

900.6
864.8
35.8
4.0

905.7
866.7
39.0
4.3

911.4
869.7
41.8
4.6

909.2
867.0
42.2
4.6

635.2
616.0
19.2
3.0

640.3
619.4
20.9
3.3

644.7
623.9
20.7
3.2

647.0
626.0
21.0
3.2

650.9
630.8
20.1
3.1

649.1
629.5
19.5
3.0

648.3
629.1
19.2
3.0

652.8
633.3
19.5
3.0

653.2
633.7
19.5
3.0

651.2
632.1
19.1
2.9

653.3
635.4
17.9
2.7

652.7
634.6
18.1
2.8

652.7
633.5
19.2
2.9

2.668.8

Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

121.0
3.7

Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,600.0

2,606.2
76.7
2.9

Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Nebrasica
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

New Jersey
4.192.2
3,972.9
219.4
5.2

4.195.6
3.979.9
215.7
5.1

4.200.0
3.983.3
216.8
5.2

4,205.7
3,987.9
217.8
5.2

4.203.0
3,990.4
212.6
5.1

4.200.5
3,988.7
211.8
5.0

4,197.0
3,984.2
212.8
5.1

4,194.1
3,983.9
210.1
5.0

4.186.2
3.979.3
206.9
4.9

4,178.1
3,971.6
206.6
4.9

4,181.8
3,977.1
204.7
4.9

4,185.9
3,975.3
210.6
5.0

4,190.9
3.977.8
213.2
5.1

810.8
758.3
52.5
6.5

813.2
762.5
50.6
6.2

815.8
766.7
49.1
6.0

819.2
770.2
49.0
6.0

823.1
773.5
49.5
6.0

824.1
775.8
48.4
5.9

825.7
776.2
49.6
6.0

829.8
779.8
50.0
6.0

832.8
781.3
51.5
6.2

835.5
782.2
53.3
6.4

836.1
784.9
51.2
6.1

837.7
785.1
52.5
6.3

841.4
787.5
53.9
6.4

8.803.2
8.229.5
573.8
6.5

8,809.4
8,238.7
570.8
6.5

8,819.6
8,247.4
572.2
6.5

8.825.2
8.253.3
571.9
6.5

8,841.6
8,269.8
571.8
6.5

8,834.9
8,266.2
568.7
6.4

8,825.2
8,261.8
563.4
6.4

8,818.5
8,261.5
557.0
6.3

8,799.5
8.252.7
546.7
6.2

8,775.9
8,241.8
534.0
6.1

8,786.7
8,259.4
527.2
6.0

8,810.2
8,267.9
542.3
6.2

8,793.4
8,260.1
533.3
6.1

3,846.2
3,708.4
137.8
3.6

3,846.2
3,713.1
133.1
3.5

3,852.0
3,713.7
138.4
3.6

3,847.3
3,706.9
140.4
3.6

3,850.6
3.710.2
140.4
3.6

3,842.2
3,702.1
140.1
3.6

3,844.3
3,706.3
138.0
3.6

3,842.4
3,705.7
136.7
3.6

3.843.3
3.704.0
139.4
3.6

3,828.0
3.688.2
139.8
3.7

3,842.0
3,703.7
138.4
3.6

3,847.8
3,706.5
141.3
3.7

3,843.9
3,695.4
148.4
3.9

347.8
338.1
9.7
2.8

348.5
338.5
10.0
2.9

349.9
338.7
11.2
3.2

348.2
339.0
9.2
2.7

347.6
339.1
8.5
2.5

346.9
339.0
7.9
2.3

346.7
338.9
7.7
2.2

346.1
339.5
6.6
1.9

346.3
339.2
7.1
2.0

346.1
339.1
7.0
2.0

346.2
339.8
6.4
1.8

346.0
339.4
6.6
1.9

346.3
338.2
8.1
2.3

5,668.5
5,401.5
267.0
4.7

5,679.0
5,413.6
265.5
4.7

5,684.7
5,427.3
257.4
4.5

5,687.4
5,434.6
252.8
4.4

5,697.4
5,444.0
253.4
4.4

5,718.4
5,463.1
255.3
4.5

5,732.3
5,473.2
259.0
4.5

5,746.7
5,487.0
259.7
4.5

5,767.0
5,510.9
256.1
4.4

5.786.2
5.531.5
254.6
4.4

5,796.7
5,561.9
234.7
4.0

5.803.6
5.562.7
240.9
4.2

5,804.8
5,558.0
246.8
4.3

1.595.2
1.527.3
67.9
4.3

1,596.8
1,528.4
68.4
4.3

1,597.2
1,528.8
68.4
4.3

1,596.0
1,527.4
68.6
4.3

1,598.9
1,531.6
67.3
4.2

1,600.0
1,534.0
66.0
4.1

1,603.9
1,538.4
65.6
4.1

1,605.0
1,542.2
62.8
3.9

1,607.7
1,546.9
60.8
3.8

1,607.5
1,550.2
57.3
3.6

1,608.2
1,555.4
52.7
3.3

1,612.4
1,555.6
56.9
3.5

1,615.3
1,558.5
56.7
3.5

.
.

1,709.8
1,601.7
108.1
6.3

1,712.7
1.609.4
103.3
6.0

1.705.3
1.609.0
96.4
5.7

1.711.5
1.612.6
98.8
5.8

1,720.4
1,620.2
100.2
5.8

1.738.1
1,638.6
99.5
5.7

1,751.3
1,651.3
99.9
5.7

1,764.7
1,665.7
99.0
5.6

1,767.3
1,670.8
96.5
5.5

1,775.4
1,681.2
94.2
5.3

1,807.9
1,713.8
94.1
5.2

1.774.4
1.690.5
83.9
4.7

1,778.1
1,690.5
87.6
4.9

.
.

5.979.5
5,658.5
320.9
5.4

5,977.5
5,656.5
321.0
5.4

5.986.9
5,666.0
320.9
5.4

5,981.9
5,662.2
319.7
5.3

5,986.2
5,668.6
317.6
5.3

5.987.8
5,674.1
313.8
5.2

5,989.1
5,681.3
307.8
5.1

5,986.5
5,688.1
298.4
5.0

5,990.7
5,697.7
292.9
4.9

5,991.7
5,705.0
286.7
4.8

5,977.8
5,701.4
276.4
4.6

5,978.3
5,698.5
279.8
4.7

5,981.1
5,696.1
285.0
4.8

502.9
475.5
27.5
5.5

505.2
477.4
27.9
5.5

505.8
477.3
28.5
5.6

505.3
477.3
28.0
5.5

505.5
478.4
27.1
5.4

506.0
479.5
26.5
5.2

507.1
480.9
26.2
5.2

507.7
481.6
26.0
5.1

506.7
481.4
25.2
5.0

507.5
482.9
24.6
4.9

508.6
484.1
24.5
4.8

506.5
481.9
24.6
4.9

509.3
483.6
25.7
5.0

Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..

New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..

New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .,

North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

See footnotes at end of table.




(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997
State
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

1,911.0
1,813.2
97.8
5.1

1,911.9
1,820.1
91.8
4.8

1,918.1
1,826.7
91.4
4.8

1,923.0
1,833.5
89.5
4.7

1,928.0
1,842.5
85.5
4.4

1,925.4
1,842.9
82.5
4.3

1,918.6
1,839.6
79.0
4.1

1,912.2
1,839.4
72.8
3.8

1,907.7
1,836.9
70.8
3.7

1,902.9
1,832.9
70.0
3.7

1.908.4
1.834.5
73.8
3.9

1.910.4
1.844.5
65.8
3.4

1,901.7
1,855.7
46.0
2.4

390.8
378.1
12.6
3.2

390.6
377.9
12.7
3.2

391.3
379.5
11.8
3.0

390.8
378.7
12.1
3.1

391.5
379.8
11.7
3.0

392.1
380.3
11.8
3.0

392.5
380.9
2.9

394.4
383.0
11.3
2.9

395.9
384.8
11.2
2.8

397.5
386.7
10.8
2.7

398.0
386.7
11.3
2.8

398.7
388.2
10.5
2.6

398.7
388.0
10.7
2.7

2,681.7
2,535.0
146.8
5.5

2,682.0
2,536.1
145.9
5.4

2,680.3
2,533.7
146.6
5.5

2,689.8
2,539.1
150.7
5.6

2,701.5
2,547.8
153.7
5.7

2,699.4
2,555.2
144.2
5.3

2,712.0
2,565.0
146.9
5.4

2.731.5
2.589.6
141.9
5.2

2,753.6
2,611.2
142.5
5.2

2,775.2
2,634.7
140.6
5.1

2.782.4
2.660.5
121.9
4.4

2,776.9
2,656.6
120.3
4.3

2,779.0
2,648.5
130.4
4.7

9,823.5
9,276.1
547.4
5.6

9,830.4
9,289.1
541.3
5.5

9,848.3
9,310.3
538.0
5.5

9,868.2
9,326.2
541.9
5.5

9,883.9
9,345.7
538.2
5.4

9,901.6
9,369.9
531.7
5.4

9.922.5
9.397.6
524.9
5.3

9,944.2
9,425.5
518.8
5.2

9,955.2
9,454.0
501.3
5.0

9,979.9
9,489.4
490.5
4.9

10,011.7
9,520.9
490.9
4.9

10,022.0
9,558.1
463.9
4.6

10,052.1
9,584.0
468.2
4.7

1,023.6
992.3
31.3
3.1

1,027.2
994.7
32.5
3.2

1,030.6
998.2
32.3
3.1

1.034.0
32.9
3.2

1,038.7
1,006.4
32.3
3.1

1,044.2
1,011.7
32.5
3.1

1,049.7
1,017.6
32.1
3.1

1.056.1
1.024.2
31.9
3.0

1,061.9
1,030.9
31.1
2.9

1.069.7
1.038.8
30.9
2.9

1.076.5
1.045.6
30.9
2.9

1,079.5
1,048.4
31.1
2.9

1,077.5
1,044.0
33.5
3.1

323.1
309.9
13.2
4.1

323.4
310.4
13.0
4.0

324.2
311.3
12.8
4.0

324.7
311.9
12.8
3.9

325.4
312.7
12.7
3.9

325.9
313.3
12.7
3.9

326.4
313.8
12.6
3.9

328.5
315.9
12.6
3.8

329.3
316.9
12.4
3.8

330.3
318.0
12.3
3.7

329.2
317.2
12.0
3.6

330.8
319.3
11.5
3.5

331.6
320.2
11.4
3.4

3.345.6
3.206.7
138.8
4.2

3,351.4
3,212.0
139.4
4.2

3,362.5
3,223.0
139.5
4.1

3,375.7
3,236.7
139.0
4.1

3,389.4
3,252.9
136.6
4.0

3,411.1
3,276.3
134.7
4.0

3,435.0
3,302.9
132.1
3.8

3,465.9
3,338.8
127.1
3.7

3,500.9
3,376.1
124.8
3.6

3,538.4
3,417.2
121.2
3.4

3,541.0
3,424.7
116.4
3.3

3,547.6
3,431.8
115.8
3.3

3,553.4
3,435.1
118.3
3.3

2,958.1
2,810.1
148.0
5.0

2,976.7
2,827.9
148.7
5.0

2,984.7
2,841.7
143.0
4.8

2,995.7
2,854.1
141.7
4.7

3,015.2
2,875.0
140.2
4.7

3,009.7
2,869.9
139.7
4.6

3,008.9
2,867.6
141.3
4.7

3.011.2
2.875.3
135.8
4.5

3,010.2
2,877.7
132.6
4.4

3,016.0
2,882.4
133.6
4.4

3,012.2
2,877.6
134.6
4.5

3,009.4
2,884.7
124.6
4.1

3,024.6
2,900.0
124.6
4.1

806.4
749.4
57.1
7.1

805.5
748.4
57.2
7.1

800.1
746.6
53.5
6.7

803.7
748.3
55.4
6.9

803.4
747.9
55.5
6.9

802.2
747.4
54.7
6.8

801.7
747.6
54.1
6.7

804.6
750.8
53.8
6.7

805.0
752.1
52.9
6.6

802.7
751.0
51.6
6.4

802.9
753.7
49.2
6.1

800.4
754.2
46.2
5.8

806.7
752.1
54.6
6.8

2,910.3
2,802.0
108.3
3.7

2,917.6
2,808.9
108.7
3.7

2,919.4
2,811.9
107.5
3.7

2,923.7
2,814.0
109.7
3.8

2,927.8
2,817.8
3.8

2.930.1
2.821.2
108.9
3.7

2,933.8
2,826.4
107.4
3.7

2,941.9
2,836.7
105.1
3.6

2.947.0
2.843.1
103.8
3.5

2,953.0
2,849.8
103.2
3.5

2,963.4
2,869.6
93.8
3.2

2,962.7
2,875.3
87.3
2.9

2.956.7
2.865.8
91.0
3.1

249.1
236.0
13.1
5.3

249.1
235.5
13.7
5.5

248.5
235.8
12.7
5.1

248.4
235.5
12.9
5.2

249.7
236.9
12.8
5.1

250.1
237.5
12.6
5.0

250.5
238.2
12.3
4.9

252.1
240.1
12.1
4.8

253.0
241.4
11.6
4.6

254.9
243.5
11.4
4.5

254.0
243.5
10.6
4.2

254.2
244.0
10.2
4.0

255.0
244.3
10.7
4.2

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

11.6

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1.001.1

Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

110.1

Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
State and area
February

Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
LHtle Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Watertury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark




February

March

1997

Percent of labor force
March

1998

1997

February
1997

1998

1997

1998P

77.7
2.0
11.2
2.6
1.9
4.5
1.7
4.4
8.5
4.5
1.9

5.5
6.0
3.4
6.0
5.2
7.1
6.4
3.4
5.5
4.5
3.6

4.2
4.4
2.7
4.1
3.6
7.9
4.2
2.9
3.7
3.3
2.7

4.6
4.9
3.0
4.8
4.4
5.9
5.1
2.8
4.8
3.9
3.1

3.6
3.8
2.4
3.6
2.9
6.4
3.4
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.2

29.9
9.4

21.7
6.8

10.4
7.1

8.0
5.4

9.6
6.8

7.0
4.9

80.9
4.9
36.0
10.1
9.8

89.9
4.4
41.1
10.9
11.2

83.7
4.7
37.2
10.4
10.5

4.9
9.8
3.4
3.5
20.5

3.6
8.1
2.4
2.8
17.1

4.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
19.5

3.7
7.7
2.5
2.8
18.1

73.9
5.1
5.4
1.8
12.6
3.0

73.4
5.3
5.3
1.9
12.4
3.1

66.5
4.5
5.0
1.8
11.3
2.8

72.0
5.4
5.2
1.9
12.4
3.1

6.2
3.8
5.8
4.6
4.4
8.3

6.0
3.8
5.5
4.6
4.2
8.5

5.6
3.3
5.3
4.6
3.9
7.7

5.8
3.8
5.4
4.6
4.1
8.3

16,123.4
276.6
86.0
423.7
4,589.8
84.0
200.5
1,178.7
1,402.9
72.8
1,381.3
745.6
184.0
1,283.3
929.8
955.7
107.7
193.2
145.1
241.1
246.7
2409
384.3
159.6
86.2
57.3

1,115.0
38.8
8.5
66.9
330.8
17.1
31.0
53.2
47.6
8.3
94.5
44.1
31.0
58.0
30.8
30.9
5.6
12.3
16.0
10.4
31.4
16.5
24.0
27.7
7.0
10.2

1,034.9
38.8
9.1
71.5
283.4
17.1
30.2
49.1
41.5
8.7
86.5
42.2
33.1
47.7
28.6
28.6
4.9
10.8
14.9
10.2
32.2
15.0
21.4
28.7
6.7
11.1

1,031.2
39.4
7.9
64.7
305.9
15.5
29.0
48.9
43.6
7.5
85.9
39.9
27.2
54.1
29.2
28.4
5.1
11.1
14.2
9.3
28.2
14.9
21.4
27.7
5.9
9.6

975.2
40.2
8.1
70.3
279.2
15.9
28.0
44.5
38.7
7.6
79.1
37.6
27.9
43.9
26.9
26.4
4.4
10.3
14.0
8.5
29.2
13.0
18.5
29.4
5.9
10.7

7.1
14.0
10.0
15.9
7.5
20.6
15.9
4.6
3.5
11.5
7.1
6.0
17.0
4.6
3.3
3.4
5.5
6.3
11.3
4.4
13.0
7.0
6.3
17.4
8.2
18.6

6.4
14.0
10.5
16.7
6.2
20.4
15.0
4.2
3.0
12.0
6.3
5.7
17.8
3.7
3.1
3.0
4.6
5.6
10.3
4.2
13.2
6.2
5.6
18.0
7.8
19.4

6.5
14.2
9.3
15.7
6.9
18.8
14.9
4.2
3.2
10.4
6.4
5.4
15.0
4.3
3.2
3.1
4.9
5.6
10.0
3.9
11.6
6.3
5.6
17.3
6.8
17.4

6.0
14.5
9.5
16.6
6.1
19.0
13.9
3.8
2.8
10.5
5.7
5.0
15.1
3.4
2.9
2.8
4.1
5.3
9.6
3.5
11.8
5.4
4.8
18.4
6.9
18.7

2,100.3
161.6
238.3
1,056.5
128.1
55.0
77.7
57.5

2,201.6
169.5
243.2
1,104.3
135.7
58.1
82.5
62.9

78.6
5.0
9.6
34.2
5.0
2.9
3.5
2.9

71.7
4.4
8.9
29.5
4.3
2.6
3.0
4.2

75.3
4.8
9.3
33.0
4.7
2.6
3.4
2.9

71.7
4.4
9.2
29.4
4.3
2.5
3.0
4.2

3.8
3.1
4.1
3.3
3.9
5.4
4.6
5.1

3.3
2.6
3.6
2.7
3.2
4.4
3.6
6.7

3.6
3.0
3.9
3.1
3.6
4.7
4.4
5.0

3.3
2.6
3.8
2.7
3.2
4.3
3.6
6.8

1,693.7
215.0
106.8
576.9
267.1
152.0
191.6
117.5

1,710.4
218.7
106.8
591.3
269.6
150.7
189.4
117.0

1,712.2
217.5
109.1
584.7
267.5
152.9
194.2
118.6

104.3
15.6
4.3
38.3
16.4
9.6
7.2
8.4

74.9
11.1
3.1
26.7
11.3
7.7
5.5
6.1

94.1
14.0
3.9
34.5
14.8
8.5
6.5
7.8

70.7
10.6
3.0
24.9
10.7
7.2
5.2
5.9

6.1
7.2
4.1
6.5
6.1
6.4
3.9
7.2

4.4
5.2
2.9
4.6
4.2
5.0
2.9
5.2

5.5
6.4
3.7
5.8
5.5
5.6
3.4
6.7

4.1
4.9
2.8
4.3
4.0
4.7
2.7
5.0

389.0
68.6
294.3

376.3
67.0
285.5

391.7
69.2
295.0

20.2
3.9
16.6

16.2
2.9
13.7

17.8
3.6
14.5

14.5
3.0
11.4

5.3
5.8
5.8

4.2
4.3
4.6

4.7
5.3
5.1

3.7
4.3
3.9

1997

1998

1997

1998P

2,156.0
54.9
464.0
72.9
66.5
71.8
50.1
167.9
265.4
160.6
82.5

2,132.2
53.4
465.4
71.1
66.4
70.6
49.8
169.2
264.4
157.8
83.3

2,158.3
54.8
465.5
72.6
66.8
71.2
49.7
169.0
267.3
161.3
82.8

2,133.3
53.4
466.8
71.2
66.3
69.9
49.9
170.1
267.1
158.1
83.9

119.4
3.3
15.9
4.4
3.4
5.1
3.2
5.7
14.7
7.3
3.0

89.4
2.3
12.6
2.9
2.4
5.6
2.1
4.9
9.8
5.2
2.2

99.2
2.7
13.8
3.5
2.9
4.2
2.6
4.8
12.7
6.4
2.6

311.9
137.7

312.7
139.2

311.3
137.2

312.1
139.3

32.4
9.8

24.9
7.5

2,123.1
57.6
1,392.9
354.5
59.0

2,224.5
60.5
1,474.5
366.8
57.5

2,112.9
57.1
1,388.2
353.1
57.5

2,235.0
61.1
1,480.9
367.7
58.1

104.4
5.6
47,4
12.5
12.1

1,187.1
134.3
93.3
39.2
287.5
35.6

1,227.0
138.9
96.2
41.1
297.9
36.2

1,194.7
135.2
93.9
39.7
289.4
35.8

1,242.3
140.6
96.5
41.9
301.3
36.7

15,754.8
277.9
84.8
420.2
4,435.6
82.8
195.3
1,162.5
1,361.3
72.4
1,340.9
733.8
182.3
1,270.0
920.1
919.7
103.2
195.4
141.5
235.2
241.7
233.6
381.2
159.4
86.3
55.1

16,090.8
277.9
86.6
428.5
4,573.6
84.1
201.5
1,178.8
1,398.2
72.7
1,374.2
744.5
186.2
1,285.3
926.5
950.1
107.5
191.6
144.1
240.4
244.2
240.8
381.9
159.6
85.8
57.3

15,777.7
277.7
84.8
412.6
4,433.1
82.3
194.7
1,164.1
1,366.1
71.8
1,347.2
734.4
181.8
1,272.8
924.0
925.5
104.7
197.1
141.4
236.8
243.5
234.8
382.9
159.6
86.6
55.5

2,084.7
159.6
236.3
1,050.1
127.5
54.3
77.1
57.2

2,196.4
170.5
243.7
1,100.6
135.7
57.5
82.1
63.1

1,697.5
217.5
105.5
584.5
270.3
150.5
186.9
116.2
378.1
67.1
287.9

1998P

March

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
February

District of Columbia
Washington

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacoia
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleanwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloom ington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls




Percent of labor force

Number

State and area

March

Febf uary

March

February

March

1997

1998

1997

1998P

23.6
83.2

8.0
4.0

9.3
3.7

7.6
3.6

9.1
3.2

312.1
6.9
34.1
5.5
9.0
2.7
2.8
18.1
10.3
9.0
70.5
3.4
4.4
26.1
4.1
6.5
1.8
6.5
4.1
37.3
26.8

311.3
6.7
36.9
5.2
8.3
2.8
2.7
18.0
9.3
8.8
69.6
2.8
3.9
25.0
4.9
7.0
1.6
6.3
4.7
37.7
26.0

4.6
3.9
4.7
3.3
7.9
3.9
2.8
3.6
5.2
4.7
6.9
3.9
4.7
3.3
7.7
4.3
4.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
5.6

4.4
3.7
4.7
3.2
7.1
4.1
2.7
3.4
4.7
4.1
6.5
3.5
4.4
3.1
7.8
4.3
4.1
2.6
3.3
3.3
5.3

4.5
3.7
4.7
3.2
7.5
3.6
2.8
3.5
5.3
4.5
6.9
3.9
4.8
3.3
6.3
3.9
4.0
2.5
2.9
3.4
5.6

4.3
3.5
4.9
3.0
6.9
3.6
2.7
3.3
4.7
4.3
6.7
3.1
4.1
3.0
7.2
4.1
3.4
2.3
3.3
3.3
5.3

163.0
3.8
2.2
66.4
11.1
5.2
7.8
5.4

184.4
3.6
2.2
78.3
12.9
5.8
8.0
7.7

157.9
4.3
2.2
65.8
9.2
5.1
7.7
5.3

4.8
6.2
3.1
3.9
6.7
4.7
4.5
5.2

4.2
6.6
3.0
3.2
5.5
4.3
5.1
4.0

4.7
6.2
3.1
3.8
6.3
4.7
5.3
5.7

4.0
7.5
3.0
3.2
4.6
4.2
5.0
4.0

38.1
22.8

33.1
20.1

37.5
22.6

32.8
19.6

6.4
5.4

5.6
4.7

6.4
5.3

5.5
4.6

638.7
216.8
41.0

42.2
10.0
2.4

40.6
9.0
2.4

40.4
8.6
2.3

39.8
8.6
2.2

6.8
4.7
6.1

6.4
4.2
5.8

6.5
4.1
5.9

6.2
3.9
5.4

6,073.9
80.3
94.2
4,036.9
182.1
57.9
51.2
178.6
193.1
104.4

6,145.9
83.3
94.9
4,094.7
186.1
57.5
51.6
181.6
195.7
106.0

330.3
2.6
3.2
206.7
8.7
4.8
3.5
10.2
9.6
5.3

317.0
2.5
2.9
199.1
7.6
3.7
3.5
8.2
10.0
4.9

310.4
2.3
2.8
198.2
7.9
4.4
3.3
9.0
9.0
4.7

296.5
2.4
3.1
185.6
7.0
3.4
3.4
7.7
9.3
4.8

5.5
3.2
3.4
5.1
4.8
8.2
6.9
5.7
5.0
5.1

5.2
3.1
3.1
4.9
4.1
6.4
6.8
4.5
5.1
4.7

5.1
2.9
3.0
4.9
4.4
7.6
6.5
5.0
4.7
4.5

4.8
2.9
3.3
4.5
3.8
5.9
6.5
4.2
4.7
4.5

3,065.6
62.2
91.8
155.7
263.2
300.2
830.4
51.2
90.7
62.9
135.5
71.6

3,050.8
61.5
93.4
155.8
260.6
299.4
814.5
50.9
88.8
63.3
134.8
72.4

3,107.5
62.5
93.1
156.5
267.0
303.2
842.2
51.8
91.3
63.6
137.0
72.0

117.5
1.6
3.2
7.2
8.0
13.3
23.9
1.8
2.5
2.8
4.9
4.6

113.5
1.6
2.8
6.3
8.1
13.5
23.8
1.8
2.4
3.0
4.8
4.3

117.1
1.5
3.1
7.4
8.3
12.9
23.8
1.8
2.4
2.6
4.9
4.6

116.7
1.6
2.7
6.3
8.5
14.6
24.5
1.9
2.5
3.1
4.7
4.5

3.9
2.5
3.4
4.7
3.1
4.5
3.0
3.5
2.8
4.4
3.6
6.4

3.7
2.6
3.0
4.0
3.1
4.5
2.9
3.5
2.7
4.8
3.5
6.0

3.8
2.5
3.3
4.8
3.2
4.3
2.9
3.5
2.7
4.1
3.6
6.3

3.8
2.6
2.9
4.0
3.2
4.8
2.9
3.6
2.8
4.9
3.4
6.2

1,577.6
112.5
254.4
50.7
66.0
65.6
70.4

1,576.7
109.0
254.2
49.7
65.7
65.2
69.4

1,579.6
112.6
255.0
50.5
66.1
65.3
70.7

70.3
3.8
8.5
2.8
1.9
2.8
3.3

51.3
2.6
6.2
2.0
1.4
2.0
2.6

66.8
3.8
8.1
2.6
1.8
2.9
3.2

49.9
2.5
6.3
1.9
1.4
2.0
2.5

4.5
3.5
3.4
5.7
2.9
4.3
4.8

3.3
2.3
2.4
3.9
2.1
3.1
3.7

4.2
3.4
3.2
5.2
2.7
4.4
4.6

3.2
2.2
2.5
3.8
2.1
3.0
3.5

1997

1998

1997

1997

1998

1997

1998P

256.8
2.475.8

257.7
2,552.5

258.0
2,485.8

259.3
2,560.5

20.6
97.8

24.0
93.5

19.5
90.0

6,915.4
185.1
728.1
169.4
119.5
73.3
98.7
508.6
192.5
196.7
1,019.4
86.0
91.8
784.0
62.3
163.8
45.3
252.0
139.6
1,103.3
470.4

7,164.8
189.5
754.9
171.1
121.0
77.2
102.0
531.7
196.9
202.0
1,031.7
89.1
94.8
822.0
64.2
169.0
46.4
272.2
142.0
1,152.5
491.1

6,966.7
184.4
733.7
170.7
119.8
75.6
99.4
512.7
192.5
198.4
1,026.7
86.6
92.4
789.2
64.3
165.2
45.7
255.3
140.2
1,112.0
474.2

7,212.5
190.1
760.6
171.9
120.8
79.1
102.5
536.9
196.5
203.0
1,042.2
89.3
94.7
826.4
67.1
170.3
46.4
275.0
142.7
1,159.0
493.4

314.9
7.3
34.2
5.5
9.4
2.8
2.8
18.1
10.1
9.3
69.9
3.4
4.3
26.1
4.8
7.0
1.9
6.6
4.1
38.0
26.3

311.9
6.9
35.8
5.4
8.6
3.2
2.8
17.9
9.2
8.3
67.1
3.1
4.1
25.3
5.0
7.3
1.9
7.1
4.7
38.4
25.8

3,849.1
56.7
72.1
2,023.4
203.1
120.8
149.9
132.1

3,926.7
57.2
74.5
2,075.5
201.8
121.7
154.0
133.3

3.893.9
57.5
72.9
2,046.2
204.7
122.4
152.7
134.8

3,940.6
57.4
74.2
2,086.4
199.9
121.5
154.1
133.3

186.0
3.5
2.3
78.7
13.6
5.7
6.8
6.9

590.9
425.4

591.8
425.6

590.3
425.0

591.4
424.9

620.9
210.9
39.1

635.2
216.9
40.7

622.1
210.8
39.3

6,056.3
80.7
93.3
4,028.8
181.5
58.1
50.9
177.6
192.7
104.3

6,125.4
82.9
93.8
4,079.9
185.5
57.2
51.3
180.9
195.3
105.7

3,022.9
61.7
91.8
154.3
258.6
297.9
807.2
50.6
89.2
63.0
133.4
71.9
1,570.4
108.8
253.6
50.1
64.4
65.0
69.4

1998P

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
February

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

Montana
Billings
Great Falls




February

March

1997

February

March

1998

1997

March

1997

1998

1997

1998P

50.0
2.2
4.1
7.8

4.4
4.6
5.6
3.8

3.8
3.9
4.6
3.1

3.9
4.1
4.8
3.5

3.6
3.9
4.6
2.8

110.8
6.6
22.8
3.3

87.5
5.3
18.1
2.1

6.8
3.1
5.0
7.4

4.8
2.2
3.5
4.3

5.9
2.7
4.3
6.7

4.6
2.1
3.3
4.3

87.1
2.4
10.2
2.2
7.7
3.5
3.0
21.9
8.8

121.8
3.6
13.9
3.4
8.8
5.5
4.5
32.1
12.0

90.7
2.5
10.3
2.4
8.0
3.7
3.1
23.3
9.3

6.2
6.3
5.0
3.8
5.4
5.9
6.4
5.3
6.6

4.3
4.1
3.5
2.4
4.4
3.9
4.4
3.6
4.8

6.1
6.1
4.8
3.9
5.1
6.0
6.4
5.2
6.6

4.5
4.2
3.5
2.6
4.5
4.1
4.4
3.8
5.0

44.4
2.5
3.8
4.4

38.8
2.2
3.2
4.2

43.8
2.5
3.8
4.4

35.6
2.0
2.8
3.7

6.8
4.9
7.3
3.4

6.0
4.3
6.3
3.2

6.7
5.2
7.3
3.4

5.5
3.9
5.4
2.8

2,764.9
1,306.8
46.2
72.1

152.5
77.2
5.1
4.4

146.4
72.5
4.3
4.1

142.1
73.3
4.4
4.0

128.3
66.6
3.8
3.7

5.5
5.9
11.0
6.3

5.3
5.6
9.3
5.7

5.1
5.6
9.6
5.8

4.6
5.1
8.2
5.1

3,236.1
66.9
1,800.3
131.4
69.5
195.4
161.0
82.1
39.8
283.8
249.1

3,247.9
67.7
1.804.1
131.7
70.7
197.8
166.7
82.3
39.6
286.4
249.2

146.2
5.3
65.1
6.7
3.6
10.7
6.8
8.0
2.7
13.5
10.3

124.4
4.6
54.8
5.5
3.0
8.7
5.8
6.9
2.1
12.6
9.0

147.8
5.1
66.4
6.8
3.7
10.4
6.9
76
2.8
13.6
10.5

136.5
4.8
60.2
6.1
3.3
9.5
6.4
7.4
2.3
13.9
10.0

4.6
8.0
3.6
5.1
5.2
5.5
4.3
9.8
6.8
4.8
4.2

3.9
6.9
3.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.5
8.5
5.4
4.4
3.6

4.6
7.6
3.7
5.2
5.3
5.3
4.3
9.2
7.0
4.8
4.2

4.2
7.1
3.3
4.7
4.6
4.8
3.9
9.0
5.9
4.9
4.0

5,000.2
295.7
82.1
2,246.6
204.6
588.0
76.0
230.1
246.5
200.4

4,940.8
290.1
82.9
2,217.4
204.8
575.2
75.9
229.2
243.5
198.7

5,010.3
294.7
82.7
2,252.2
205.1
589.6
76.2
231.1
245.3
200.6

249.7
9.0
5.2
95.6
12.4
23.2
3.9
10.5
8.7
11.4

231.7
7.6
4.3
88.8
11.5
20.8
3.6
9.5
10.7
10.8

241.4
8.6
4.9
92.4
12.2
21.6
3.8
10.2
8.3
11.0

221.8
7.3
4.3
84.2
10.8
20.3
3.3
9.2
9.1
10.5

5.1
3.1
6.4
4.3
6.1
4.0
5.2
4.6
3.6
5.8

4.6
2.6
5.3
4.0
5.6
3.5
4.8
4.1
4.3
5.4

4.9
3.0
5.9
4.2
6.0
3.7
5.1
4.4
3.4
5.6

4.4
2.5
5.2
3.7
5.3
3.4
4.3
4.0
3.7
5.2

2,558.0
120.8
1,596.4
64.1
91.5

2,638.1
123.4
1,654.8
67.2
94.0

2,572.2
121.2
1,608.1
64.7
91.7

2,656.3
124.2
1,668.4
67.7
93.9

101.1
7.1
44.9
1.8
5.2

81.2
5.8
36.2
1.3
3.9

97.0
7.1
43.3
1.6
4.8

84.1
6.1
37.1
1.3
3.9

4.0
5.8
2.8
2.7
5.7

3.1
4.7
2.2
1.9
4.2

3.8
5.9
2.7
2.5
5.2

3.2
4.9
2.2
1.9
4.1

1,253.5
159.9
50.0
218.3

1,278.1
162.6
51.9
226.6

1,254.7
159.4
50.1
218.9

1,286.2
163.8
52.2
228.6

75.5
8.1
1.5
7.6

69.3
6.0
1.5
7.3

74.0
8.5
1.6
7.7

74.5
6.4
2.0
7.8

6.0
5.0
3.1
3.5

5.4
3.7
2.9
3.2

5.9
5.3
3.1
3.5

5.8
3.9
3.8
3.4

2,865.1
80.3
80.8
945.0
49.1
1,339.0
167.5

2,881.0
79.8
80.3
985.8
49.3
1,345.6
170.7

2,868.0
80.3
80.6
946.8
49.0
1,340.5
165.8

2,870.7
79.6
79.8
982.9
49.3
1,339.9
167.9

144.0
1.5
3.4
37.7
3.2
59.3
6.8

130.6
1.3
3.0
36.3
2.8
58.0
5.9

130.7
1.3
3.2
34.5
2.8
55.2
6.3

126.0
1.3
3.0
35.1
2.8
56.4
5.6

5.0
1.8
4.2
4.0
6.5
4.4
4.1

4.5
1.7
3.8
3.7
5.7
4.3
3.5

4.6
1.7
4.0
3.6
5.7
4.1
3.8

4.4
1.6
3.7
3.6
5.6
4.2
3.3

445.1
68.2
37.5

458.4
70.3
37.6

448.1
68.1
37.5

459.7
70.2
37.5

28.6
3.5
2.3

29.7
3.4
2.3

28.1
3.4
2.2

28.9
3.6
2.2

6.4
5.1
6.2

6.5
4.9
6.0

6.3
5.0
6.0

6.3
5.1
5.9

1997

1998

1997

1998P

1,335.2
51.5
88.7
267.0

1,396.9
55.5
89.3
283.9

1,340.7
52.6
88.4
268.4

1,402.1
56.0
89.3
283.8

59.1
2.4
5.0
10.2

52.6
2.2
4.1
8.7

52.7
2.2
4.2
9.3

1,883.4
243.8
532.6
48.9

1,904.1
253.9
547.3
49.2

1,890.4
245.3
535.3
48.9

1,919.0
254.9
553.3
49.8

127.2
7.6
26.6
3.6

92.2
5.5
18.9
2.1

1,981.2
57.7
284.3
85.3
168.9
89.6
68.9
606.1
181.3

2,007.2
58.2
290.7
90.7
175.8
89.7
69.5
610.3
184.7

2,008.5
58.3
289.0
86.6
171.6
91.2
70.0
613.6
183.4

2,023.7
58.6
294.0
91.4
177.5
90.7
70.0
613.2
1875

122.4
3.6
14.2
3.3
9.1
5.3
4.4
32.3
12.0

650.3
50.0
51.5
130.5

645.6
51.0
51.4
131.8

655.9
49.3
51.7
131.7

649.0
50.8
51.5
132.9

2,755.9
1,306.0
46.0
69.6

2,763.0
1,303.9
46.2
71.6

2,764.0
1,308.6
45.6
69.9

3,211.9
65.8
1,788.5
130.4
68.3
193.5
159.4
81.6
39.5
282.0
247.2

3,226.5
66.8
1,793.6
131.2
69.5
195.6
165.6
81.7
39.3
284.7
247.9

4,919.3
289.4
82.2
2,205.9
204.3
572.3
75.5
228.8
243.3
197.5

1998P

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
February
1997
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro-Wlnston-Salem-HIgh Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren




1998

1998P

1997

February

March

February

March
1997

Percent of labor force

Number

State and area

1998

1997

1998P

March

1997

1998

1997

1998P

889.9
139.4
377.8

916.9
142.1
396.2

890.9
140.2
379.4

919.4
141.3
393.7

30.0
3.8
12.5

20.7
2.3
8.9

26.8
3.5
11.3

21.2
2.4
9.0

3.4
2.7
3.3

2.3
1.6
2.3

3.0
2.5
3.0

2.3
1.7
2.3

864.3
653.6
167.1

907.5
686.7
173.3

864.6
652.8
167.5

902.3
684.3
172.1

38.6
28.1
7.7

42.4
28.9
8.3

33.8
25.0
6.2

39.2
27.7
7.0

4.5
4.3
4.6

4.7
4.2
4.8

3.9
3.8
3.7

4.3
4.1
4.1

626.9
99.0
97.9
119.7

645.7
101.8
103.3
121.5

631.2
99.6
98.8
120.7

648.7
102.6
104.0
122.3

23.3
3.2
3.2
4.1

20.3
2.7
2.8
3.3

21.3
2.9
2.8
3.7

21.4
2.9
2.9
3.3

3.7
3.3
3.2
3.4

3.1
2.7
2.7
2.7

3.4
2.9
2.9
3.1

3.3
2.8
2.8
2.7

4,155.2
168.2
672.9
285.5
630.7
505.9
1,018.2
170.6
64.8

4,153.0
169.5
670.6
281.2
645.0
504.3
1,019.2
168.7
66.3

4,172.9
169.0
676.6
285.8
632.9
510.9
1,021.2
171.9
65.1

4,171.3
170.8
675.3
281.4
646.9
509.1
1,021.7
169.5
66.3

237.4
17.8
38.3
23.3
24.5
28.5
55.9
8.7
6.6

224.5
18.9
33.8
22.5
23.8
27.2
51.7
8.1
7.0

226.0
16.5
36.9
22.6
23.3
26.7
54.6
8.1
6.2

219.3
18.3
33.3
22.5
23.2
25.8
50.6
7.8
7.2

5.7
10.6
5.7
8.2
3.9
5.6
5.5
5.1
10.2

5.4
11.1
5.0
8.0
3.7
5.4
5.1
4.8
10.6

5.4
9.7
5.5
7.9
3.7
5.2
5.3
4.7
9.5

5.3
10.7
4.9
8.0
3.6
5.1
5.0
4.6
10.8

804.1
350.6
65.0
73.1

833.1
365.1
67.9
75.1

809.9
351.5
65.8
73.7

840.4
366.7
68.9
75.5

53.1
14.6
6.5
3.0

51.2
14.9
6.6
2.6

52.9
14.6
6.5
2.9

54.3
16.2
6.7
2.6

6.6
4.2
10.0
4.0

6.1
4.1
9.7
3.4

6.5
4.1
9.9
3.9

6.5
4.4
9.7
3.5

8,727.8
449.2
123.4
576.0
118.0
44.1
60.4
67.8
1,359.7
4,006.6
3,378.7
170.1
568.7
363.3
141.0

8,760.4
451.4
126.2
579.1
118.4
44.5
60.5
67.6
1,380.3
4,004.3
3,370.4
169.6
569.6
364.1
142.8

8,782.4
451.4
123.4
577.2
118.7
44.3
59.5
67.8
1,371.8
4,042.2
3,410.4
170.2
569.2
364.3
141.1

8,773.5
450.4
126.3
578.2
118.5
44.4
59.9
67.5
1,389.5
4,013.0
3,377.2
169.4
568.9
362.9
142.0

622.4
21.9
6.4
34.4
5.7
2.1
5.1
4.4
56.8
369.6
343.7
8.2
26.2
20.3
8.7

591.7
22.2
6.6
37.0
5.1
2.3
5.0
4.5
55.3
335.2
310.1
7.7
27.8
19.6
9.1

611.4
20.8
6.0
32.8
5.3
2.0
5.0
4.1
52.2
372.1
348.4
7.9
24.9
18.8
8.4

570.9
20.6
6.3
35.1
4.6
2.3
4.9
4.1
51.3
327.5
304.6
7.2
26.5
18.9
8.5

7.1
4.9
5.2
6.0
4.8
4.7
8.4
6.4
4.2
9.2
10.2
4.9
4.6
5.6
6.1

6.8
4.9
5.2
6.4
4.3
5.3
8.3
6.6
4.0
8.4
9.2
4.5
4.9
5.4
6.4

7.0
4.6
4.9
5.7
4.5
4.5
8.3
6.1
3.8
9.2
10.2
4.6
4.4
5.2
5.9

6.5
4.6
5.0
6.1
3.9
5.1
8.2
6.1
3.7
8.2
9.0
4.3
4.7
5.2
6.0

3.793.8
110.1
739.3
112.1
46.7
637.1
64.2
175.5
44.2
597.3
72.2
107.1

3,800.0
110.7
748.0
114.4
48.3
637.7
65.0
171.9
45.2
615.6
67.6
106.1

3,808.7
110.4
746.7
112.1
46.8
641.7
64.2
175.8
44.1
601.5
71.2
107.9

3,806.8
110.9
748.2
114.9
48.5
635.8
66.4
171.3
45.3
615.3
69.6
106.5

156.6
3.8
24.0
5.0
1.8
20.2
3.0
6.0
1.6
12.4
5.8
4.7

156.5
3.8
21.4
4.9
2.1
20.4
2.9
5.7
2.0
12.6
5.0
6.0

134.4
3.3
21.8
4.2
1.6
18.3
2.8
5.2
1.4
11.2
5.1
3.9

144.6
3.5
20.5
4.8
2.1
19.0
2.9
5.6
1.9
11.4
5.4
5.1

4.1
3.4
3.3
4.5
4.0
3.2
4.7
3.4
3.7
2.1
8.0
4.4

4.1
3.4
2.9
4.3
4.4
3.2
4.5
3.3
4.5
2.0
7.3
5.7

3.5
3.0
2.9
3.7
3.4
2.9
4.3
2.9
3.1
1.9
7.2
3.6

3.8
3.2
2.7
4.2
4.2
3.0
4.4
3.2
4.1
1.9
7.8
4.8

338.4
53.0
99.4
53.6

336.8
52.7
102.5
53.8

340.4
53.3
100.3
53.9

338.6
53.0
102.9
53.9

10.4
1.8
2.3
1.7

7.3
1.2
1.6
1.3

11.0
1.9
2.3
1.8

9.2
1.5
1.9
1.4

3.1
3.3
2.3
3.2

2.2
2.3
1.6
2.4

3.2
3.6
2.3
3.3

2.7
2.9
1.8
2.6

5,585.6
358.7
199.6
816.2
1,091.4
784.2
470.2
171.6
73.3
81.9
57.4
311.1
280.3

5,707.0
364.2
204.1
839.1
1,119.2
811.4
476.8
175.2
75.4
82.9
56.1
314.8
286.5

5,611.0
358.8
200.2
820.8
1,095.2
788.2
471.5
172.4
73.6
82.0
58.0
312.4
282.2

5,744.7
367.2
205.4
847.0
1,126.2
816.2
479.3
176.2
75.7
83.1
56.8
315.9
289.3

317.2
19.3
12.2
37.9
65.8
26.9
22.7
6.9
4.4
5.3
7.6
17.1
19.3

272.3
17.0
10.1
30.6
55.5
23.5
18.7
6.6
3.6
4.8
3.8
15.8
17.4

290.5
17.9
11.5
33.3
60.5
25.0
20.5
6.4
4.0
5.2
7.9
15.5
18.0

270.1
17.0
10.0
29.7
55.7
23.9
18.6
6.5
3.7
4.9
4.0
15.4
17.5

5.7
5.4
6.1
4.6
6.0
3.4
4.8
4.0
6.0
6.5
13.2
5.5
6.9

4.8
4.7
4.9
3.6
5.0
2.9
3.9
3.7
4.8
5.8
6.8
5.0
6.1

5.2
5.0
5.7
4.1
5.5
3.2
4.3
3.7
5.5
6.3
13.7
5.0
6.4

4.7
4.6
4.8
3.5
4.9
2.9
3.9
3.7
4.9
5.9
7.1
4.9
6.0

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Number

State and area
February

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Uredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison




Percent of laoor force

February

March

1997

March

1998

1997

February

March

1997

1998

1997

57.2
0.9
1.7
15.3
11.0

4.8
3.5
5.8
3.7
3.9

4.1
3.3
4.9
3.3
3.2

4.3
3.2
5.2
3.3
3.6

3.5
3.0
4.2
2.9
2.7

122.9
11.0
8.4
50.6
11.6

102.5
9.3
6.8
42.9
9.4

7.4
7.3
10.2
5.2
7.2

5.9
5.8
7.8
4.1
5.9

7.2
7.0
9.9
5.0
7.2

5.8
5.7
7.8
4.1
5.7

308.1
15.1
3.5
8.3
11.9
8.4
7.8
114.5
60.8
7.9
22.9
2.7
2.2
4.3
7.6

337.9
16.9
3.8
9.4
12.3
10.0
7.2
124.9
63.9
8.6
25.0
3.8
2.4
4.2
8.8

302.1
14.9
3.5
8.0
12.1
8.2
7.5
111.2
60.6
8.2
21.7
2.7
2.2
3.9
7.6

5.9
5.7
6.5
6.8
3.5
9.5
3.2
5.2
5.7
4.6
8.3
5.8
3.7
7.7
4.6

5.2
4.9
5.6
6.0
3.4
8.0
3.2
4.7
5.3
4.3
7.4
4.9
3.3
7.4
3.9

5.7
5.5
6.1
6.7
3.6
9.3
3.0
5.0
5.6
4.7
8.0
6.8
3.6
7.2
4.6

5.1
4.9
5.5
5.8
3.5
7.9
3.1
4.5
5.3
4.5
7.0
4.8
3.2
6.7
3.9

33.1
39.6

30.9
35.6

29.7
36.6

27.8
33.8

6.6
6.9

6.1
6.1

6.0
6.4

5.5
5.9

1,897.4
255.7
272.0
62.0
483.1
97.4
46.2

108.7
12.7
9.0
4.4
19.0
8.2
3.0

72.8
7.2
5.7
2.8
11.9
5.6
2.1

96.6
11.8
8.3
4.0
17.4
5.1
2.8

44.6
4.7
3.6
1.9
7.3
2.6
1.4

5.8
5.1
3.4
6.9
4.0
8.8
6.4

3.9
2.8
2.1
4.5
2.5
5.9
4.5

5.1
4.7
3.1
6.2
3.6
5.3
6.0

2.4
1.8
1.3
3.0
1.5
2.7
3.0

384.7
45.0
96.0

392.5
45.7
101.5

14.9
1.8
2.5

12.6
1.4
2.0

14.8
1.8
2.4

12.9
1.4
2.0

3.9
4.1
2.6

3.2
3.1
2.0

3.8
3.9
2.5

3.3
3.0
1.9

2,737.4
223.4
81.8
56.3
232.3
338.4
535.3
630.8

2,660.7
219.7
79.3
54.2
223.8
328.9
522.8
601.5

2,757.7
225.7
82.5
56.8
233.2
341.4
540.7
634.2

154.7
11.4
3.7
2.9
11.7
19.4
23.5
20.9

128.3
9.6
3.1
2.0
11.0
15.4
21.0
17.7

147.0
10.6
3.5
2.7
10.7
17.8
22.9
20.7

130.5
9.8
3.1
2.1
10.9
14.9
21.9
18.8

5.8
5.2
4.6
5.4
5.2
5.9
4.5
3.5

4.7
4.3
3.8
3.5
4.7
4.6
3.9
2.8

5.5
4.8
4.4
5.0
4.8
5.4
4.4
3.4

4.7
4.3
3.7
3.7
4.7
4.4
4.1
3.0

9,924.5
60.0
110.5
659.8
179.8
105.5
127.3
71.7
175.4
1,839.8
285.8
849.8
123.1
2,066.1
113.6
70.3
103.0
122.7
201.2
124.3
50.6
744.7
49.8

9,750.1
60.1
109.8
641.2
179.2
105.3
124.8
70.7
177.7
1,771.6
286.4
833.2
123.4
2,027.3
112.4
69.6
102.4
121.1
191.9
121.4
51.2
735.5
50.0

9,974.7
60.4
111.3
663.8
180.6
104.9
128.4
72.3
175.8
1,844.1
287.1
854.6
123.1
2,082.2
113.8
70.3
102.9
123.5
198.8
125.2
50.9
753.2
49.8

568.2
2.6
4.8
21.0
14.4
7.8
16.2
1.7
15.2
70.8
34.4
33.8
10.4
109.4
6.0
8.6
8.1
4.6
41.2
6.9
1.8
30.1
2.5

481.1
2.0
3.9
17.4
12.5
6.4
16.3
1.2
11.3
60.0
29.0
28.4
8.1
85.1
5.2
6.7
7.0
4.3
38.9
5.2
1.5
26.6
2.0

535.6
2.7
4.5
20.1
14.9
7.4
15.1
1.5
14.7
67.0
32.6
30.7
10.2
105.5
5.9
8.1
7.7
4.7
36.0
6.5
1.7
28.9
2.4

457.9
2.0
3.8
16.4
12.2
6.0
15.4
1.1
10.5
57.2
27.3
26.9
7.8
81.6
4.8
6.6
6.6
4.1
34.2
5.3
1.5
27.3
2.0

5.8
4.4
4.4
3.3
8.0
7.4
12.9
2.4
8.6
4.0
12.0
4.1
8.5
5.4
5.3
12.3
7.9
3.8
21.0
5.7
3.5
4.1
5.0

4.8
3.4
3.6
2.6
6.9
6.0
12.8
1.7
6.4
3.3
10.1
3.3
6.6
4.1
4.5
9.5
6.8
3.5
19.3
4.2
2.9
3.6
4.1

5.5
4.5
4.1
3.1
8.3
7.0
12.1
2.1
8.3
3.8
11.4
3.7
8.3
5.2
5.3
11.6
7.5
3.9
18.8
5.4
3.4
3.9
4.8

4.6
3.3
3.4
2.5
6.8
5.7
12.0
1.6
6.0
3.1
9.5
3.1
6.3
3.9
4.2
9.4
6.4
3.3
17.2
4.2
3.0
3.6
4.0

1997

1998

1997

1998P

1,581.6
27.4
40.8
520.6
393.7

1,600.6
28.5
39.6
524.1
403.3

1,592.3
27.5
41.1
523.1
394.9

1,612.6
28.6
39.9
529.8
406.2

75.5
1.0
2.4
19.2
15.4

65.3
0.9
1.9
17.2
12.9

68.4
0.9
2.1
17.1
14.3

1,683.1
155.3
84.8
996.7
158.3

1,752.0
160.1
87.8
1,044.5
162.6

1,698.4
156.4
85.4
1,003.9
160.1

1,767.0
161.4
87.8
1,054.0
163.1

125.4
11.3
8.6
51.8
11.4

103.2
9.4
6.9
42.4
9.6

5,896.9
306.6
62.2
139.7
344.1
106.4
233.9
2,471.4
1,145.3
180.9
312.1
55.5
65.4
57.0
192.3

5,901.7
306.3
62.5
139.0
347.1
105.0
241.0
2,454.5
1,141.1
183.0
310.1
55.8
67.2
58.0
193.9

5,923.1
307.0
61.8
139.6
345.5
106.8
236.8
2,481.5
1,150.5
182.8
313.3
55.3
65.3
57.4
192.3

5,925.5
306.2
62.8
138.6
349.8
105.0
243.9
2,463.2
1,145.6
184.2
310.1
56.3
67.5
57.9
194.1

345.2
17.5
4.0
9.4
12.2
10.1
7.5
127.6
65.6
8.4
25.8
3.2
2.4
4.4
8.9

501.1
575.3

506.5
579.3

496.0
571.2

502.3
576.3

1,880.3
247.0
266.7
63.9
475.7
93.0
46.0

1,889.0
252.2
268.6
62.3
477.5
94.5
46.4

1,906.8
251.0
270.1
64.5
481.4
96.1
46.7

380.8
44.3
94.6

387.9
45.7
100.2

2,652.6
219.1
78.7
54.0
223.2
329.0
519.9
599.6
9,715.7
59.7
109.4
639.2
178.9
104.8
125.0
70.1
177.2
1,763.8
286.5
826.8
122.9
2,019.1
112.2
69.7
102.2
120.4
195.7
120.8
51.2
729.3
49.7

1998P

1998P

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
February
1997

1998

February

March
1997

Percent of labor force

Number

State and area
1998P

1997

1998

1997

March

February

March
1998P

1997

1998

1997

1998P

Texa»—Continued
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

Vermont
Burlington

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Rtehland-Kennewlck-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Casper
Cheyenne

Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

56.2
87.2
42.4
98.7
64.9

57.2
89.0
42.7
100.7
65.7

56.3
87.6
42.5
99.0
65.1

57.2
89.3
43.0
101.0
65.7

4.6
5.5
2.5
4.5
2.9

4.4
4.7
1.8
4.2
3.2

4.3
5.0
2.3
4.5
2.9

4.2
4.3
1.8
4.4
3.0

8.1
6.3
5.9
4.5
4.5

7.8
5.3
4.3
4.2
4.8

7.6
5.7
5.4
4.6
4.4

7.4
4.8
4.1
4.4
4.5

1,007.2
150.5
646.9

1,063.1
158.6
684.0

1,005.4
150.4
645.4

1,058.7
158.0
680.3

37.3
4.8
21.3

34.7
4.3
20.8

30.3
3.8
17.7

32.4
4.0
19.5

3.7
3.2
3.3

3.3
2.7
3.0

3.0
2.6
2.7

3.1
2.5
2.9

321.2
95.3

328.3
98.9

320.6
95.0

328.9
99.2

16.4
3.3

14.0
2.8

14.5
2.9

12.5
2.5

5.1
3.5

4.3
2.8

4.5
3.1

3.8
2.5

3.310.8
70.3
54.7
99.4
698.7
482.4
122.8

3,512.4
74.5
57.8
103.1
736.1
520.2
130.0

3,321.8
70.8
54.8
99.3
702.6
482.4
123.9

3,529.7
74.7
57.6
103.4
739.4
523.4
130.1

147.5
1.9
3.1
4.6
34.6
17.9
4.1

121.8
1.2
3.2
3.2
29.0
15.3
4.1

131.5
1.8
3.2
4.0
32.5
15.8
4.3

111.8
1.1
2.9
2.8
26.5
14.4
3.6

4.5
2.7
5.6
4.6
5.0
3.7
3.4

3.5
1.6
5.5
3.1
3.9
2.9
3.1

4.0
2.5
5.9
4.0
4.6
3.3
3.5

3.2
1.4
5.1
2.7
3.6
2.8
2.8

2.932.0
77.0
93.2
98.3
90.8
1.321.3
205.4
326.5
109.0

2,997.1
79.1
91.0
99.4
88.7
1.372.9
210.0
331.7
107.7

2,941.0
77.7
92.8
98.0
91.6
1,322.7
205.0
327.5
109.6

3,007.5
79.0
90.8
99.5
90.0
1,376.7
210.0
335.8
106.1

177.3
5.7
6.0
5.9
8.7
53.4
13.1
17.1
15.8

152.7
5.0
4.9
5.1
7.7
42.2
11.0
15.2
14.2

164.3
5.3
5.6
5.5
7.5
50.8
11.7
16.5
13.4

140.6
4.6
4.5
4.8
6.6
40.0
9.9
14.5
12.6

6.0
7.4
6.4
6.0
9.6
4.0
6.4
5.2
14.5

5.1
6.3
5.4
5.2
8.7
3.1
5.2
4.6
13.1

5.6
6.9
6.0
5.6
8.2
3.8
5.7
5.0
12.2

4.7
5.8
4.9
4.8
7.4
2.9
4.7
4.3
11.9

798.6
130.3
135.6
75.8
72.9

790.2
129.1
137.8
77.8
72.8

797.3
129.8
135.9
75.9
73.4

797.5
129.9
138.7
78.2
73.8

68.9
7.7
11.0
5.4
6.7

56.2
6.4
9.4
4.9
4.8

62.4
6.9
9.8
4.9
6.5

59.8
6.8
9.3
5.3
5.0

8.6
5.9
8.1
7.1
9.2

7.1
4.9
6.8
6.3
6.5

7.8
5.3
7.2
6.5
8.9

7.5
5.3
6.7
6.8
6.8

2.879.8
217.6
81.2
130.6
78.7
77.2
70.2
255.1
795.6
92.4
59.0
71.5

2.924.8
222.7
83.4
130.6
79.8
78.4
71.2
260.4
810.8
94.6
59.9
73.4

2,883.1
218.6
81.3
130.4
79.1
77.3
70.1
256.1
796.5
91.7
59.2
71.3

2,927.8
223.3
83.2
130.6
80.0
78.7
71.2
260.3
813.1
95.2
60.4
72.8

132.8
8.2
4.1
4.9
3.8
3.0
2.7
5.5
30.7
4.8
1.9
3.9

112.7
7.2
3.6
4.2
2.9
2.4
2.4
4.9
24.6
3.8
1.6
3.6

128.1
8.6
3.9
4.8
3.4
2.9
2.7
5.3
29.9
4.5
1.7
3.6

110.7
6.9
3.5
4.1
2.8
2.4
2.4
4.7
24.8
3.9
1.6
3.3

4.6
3.8
5.1
3.7
4.8
3.9
3.8
2.2
3.9
5.2
3.2
5.5

3.9
3.2
4.3
3.2
3.6
3.1
3.3
1.9
3.0
4.0
2.7
4.9

4.4
3.9
4.8
3.7
4.4
3.7
3.9
2.1
3.8
4.9
2.8
5.0

3.8
3.1
4.1
3.1
3.5
3.0
3.3
1.8
3.0
4.1
2.6
4.6

246.9
32.5
38.6

251.3
33.5
39.3

248.1
32.8
38.4

254.0
33.7
39.6

17.2
2.5
2.0

14.1
1.9
1.6

15.8
2.3
1.7

13.3
1.8
1.5

7.0
7.6
5.2

5.6
5.8
4.1

6.4
7.1
4.4

5.2
5.3
3.8

1,296.3
51.4
52.4
113.6
92.1
110.2
703.9

1.310.5
52.0
54.0
116.3
93.3
110.6
711.2

1,296.8
50.9
52.6
114.7
91.8
110.3
702.4

1,326.4
52.4
55.0
117.6
93.8
112.6
719.5

164.3
9.6
8.2
12.5
14.8
19.2
69.6

182.1
10.2
8.8
14.3
15.9
19.8
79.5

167.7
9.3
8.5
13.0
13.9
19.9
71.8

177.6
9.9
8.9
14.6
15.2
19.7
76.6

12.7
18.7
15.6
11.0
16.1
17.4
9.9

13.9
19.7
16.2
12.3
17.1
17.9
11.2

12.9
18.3
16.2
11.4
15.2
18.1
10.2

13.4
19.0
16.2
12.4
16.2
17.5
10.6

P s preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised




When new benchmark and population information becomes available.




Annual Averages
Regions, States, and Areas

Mining

Total

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Aricansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Cdlfornia
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Merklen
New London-Nonwich
Stamford-Nonwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-TItusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




1995

1996

1997

1.803.6
442.8
165.5
208.2
150.0
73.3

1,828.6
451.1
168.3
213.4
153.8
75.3

1,863.2
462.9
172.7
219.7
156.2
78.7

262.0
120.5

263.6
121.1

1,795.7
1.224.9
302.7

1995

1996

1997

10.7
3.4

10.9
3.3

1995

1996

1997

2.7

2.8

2.7

86.8
23.3
5.7
14.8
7.B
4.6

268.3
123.6

10.0
2.7

9.9
2.5

10.0
2.4

12.8
6.4

12.6
6.4

12.7
6.5

1,892.3
1,312.5
307.2

1,977.0
1,384.0
312.7

12.9
5.7
2.2

14.0
6.5
2.3

14.0
6.5
2.4

119.7
84.8
19.3

126.2
90.2
19.2

130.5
93.7
19.4

1,069.4
131.1
92.6
290.9
35.3

1,086.0
135.0
93.8
297.6
35.8

1,102.9
138.2
95.6
302.8
35.7

3.5
.9

44.3
5.5
3.4
13.3
.8

47.2
5.9
3.8
14.3
1.0

47.5
5.7
4.0
14.3
.9

12.422.2
172.8
266.9
3,746.5
124.0
897.5
1,151.7
779.9
587.0
109.2
978.6
916.5
831.9
144.4
150.3
160.3
141.7
237.3

12,743.4
174.9
270.8
3,788.5
127.8
916.4
1,184.3
803.5
605.2
113.5
1.006.2
948.2
879.9
145.6
157.5
163.5
144.5
237.9

13,167.4
179.7
275.7
3,872.2
133.4
950.9
1,229.2
842.8
624.0
117.6
1.049.3
985.6
928.2
151.0
164.7
167.6
150.3
243.1

1,834.4
146.4
197.4
980.5

1,900.4
150.3
208.2
1,011.9

1,977.0
158.2
216.0
1,054.5

1,561.5
178.9
83.2
584.5
241.0
131.6
190.4
82.0

1,583.6
179.8
83.8
590.2
244.7
132.6
196.1
83.9

1,616.3
183.0
85.6
596.8
249.3
136.3
203.0
86.4

366.4
50.8
283.0

376.4
51.9
290.3

388.0
51.8
301.6

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

642.6
2,404.7

623.1
2,427.1

615.0
2,480.8

.1
.8

.1
.9

5,996.1
145.7
584.7
145.4
107.7
482.2
162.0
168.6
926.6
714.4
144.2
210.1
144.2
993.8
399.1

6.183.3
147.8
607.4
147.7
109.6
494.5
165.2
170.4
937.8
749.8
146.8
230.5
144.9
1,022.0
417.2

6,427.4
149.9
627.2
150.4
111.5
518.1
168.3
177.1
960.7
795.3
150.1
250.1
146.8
1,065.8
437.1

(1)
(M
(M

(M
(M

(M
(M

3.5
(M

10.2
3.2

3.5
(M

.8

(M
.9

93.4
25.4
5.8
16.1
8.6
5.0

96.8
27.1
6.0
16.6
8.3
5.7

(M

(M

(M

30.0
10.9
.6
5.9
(2)
2.3
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.2
.5
.1
.4
2.0

29.2
10.5
.6
5.7
(2)
2.2
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.2
.5
.1
.5
1.7

29.4
10.7
.5
5.7
(2)
2.3
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.7

485.4
8.5
13.0
109.8
6.0
43.2
49.8
43.1
27.6
3.9
43.6
27.7
28.7
5.4
7.5
6.3
8.3
11.0

505.9
8.2
13.1
107.5
6.2
46.6
52.5
46.2
30.0
4.2
45.5
31.0
32.7
5.9
8.3
6.6
8.8
10.5

554.3
8.4
13.3
110.0
6.8
50.4
58.0
51.3
32.9
4.5
52.5
35.2
37.8
6.5
9.2
7.6
10.2
11.2

13.9

102.1
5.8
10.3
53.2

111.0
6.1
11.9
57.4

118.4
6.4
12.4
61.5

50.4
5.4
3.0
19.2
8.0
3.9
5.0
2.8

52.4
5.5
3.0
19.0
8.7
4.0
5.4
3.0

56.7
6.3
3.5
19.7
9.2
4.5
5.8
3.2

.1
.1
.2

19.3
2.4
14.4

21.3
2.3
16.2

21.8
2.3
16.6

.1
1.0

8.7
114.0

8.9
117.9

8.9
125.4

308.3
7.4
32.8
11.3
4.1
25.4
8.0
8.7
36.2
37.0
9.9
10.6
5.3
45.3
23.6

325.4
7.4
34.1
12.2
4.4
27.1
8.5
9.5
35.0
40.2
10.8
12.3
6.1
48.3
24.3

333.1
7.6
33.6
12.5
4.3
28.1
8.5
9.3
33.9
42.9
10.6
12.6
6.0
51.0
25.1

13.7

14.8
(M

O
(M

(M
7.5

6.9

6.9

.7

.7

.8

(M

O

O

(M

< >
O
(2)

< >

(2)

(2)

6.8

6.8
(2)

(2)

(2)
.1

.2

o

(2)

(2)
3.3
.4

O

.3

O

(2)
.4

(2)

3.0
(2)

(2)
.4

(2)

.1

o

(2)
3.5

(2)

< >

(2)
.4

(2)

.4
(2)

Whole!sale and retaiil trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1995

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Artcansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Nonwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

391.8
53.6
37.8
27.1
18.1
10.7

382.6
52.2
38.7
27.1
17.8
10.9

380.1
51.4
39.3
27.6
17.6
11.5

89.6
30.3
3.5
12.9
63
2.4

90.8
30.3
3.6
13.1
6.4
2.4

91.0
30.0
3.7
13.2
6.4
2.4

409.0
108.3
32.4
55.4
35.1
16.8

419.3
109.7
33.9
56.6
36.4
17.6

427.2
111.9
34.8
58.0
37.1
18.4

16.9
2.1

15.9
2.0

15.4
2.0

22.9
12.0

22.9
11.9

24.0
12.1

54.1
29.7

54.6
29.8

55.6
30.5

194.0
148.4
28.0

199.9
154.4
28.1

206.9
160.9
28.3

87.2
61.5
13.5

91.8
66.3
13.5

95.6
70.2
13.2

444.5
X5.5
67.8

464.4
325.6
67.0

481.4
339.0
68.3

259.3
34.7
28.0
35.4
7.7

253.8
34.0
27.5
34.1
8.0

253.0
34.0
27.3
33.4
8.2

63.6
9.3
6.0
19.9
1.9

64.8
9.4
6.3
20.5
1.8

65.7
9.4
6.6
21.0
1.8

242.3
35.3
19.3
67.6
7.5

247.5
37.1
19.6
69.3
7.5

251.8
38.7
20.0
70.1
7.3

1,794.2
9.6
29.8
638.4
25.1
108.1
205.5
94.4
40.7
8.8
114.9
72.9
231.2
15.9
21.9
23.0
15.7
29.6

1,851.8
9.8
30.0
644.7
26.0
114.6
211.2
99.2
43.3
9.5
117.5
75.6
245.9
16.4
23.6
23.5
16.8
30.7

1,913.8
10.0
30.5
663.4
26.8
119.5
221.8
105.1
45.2
9.2
122.1
76.7
256.0
16.9
25.3
23.9
17.9
32.6

630.2
9.0
13.5
202.6
5.2
58.3
42.4
40.8
25.0
5.0
37.4
74.2
24.0
5.1
5.7
11.7
5.5
10.3

641.8
9.2
13.7
204.7
5.4
58.5
42.8
41.1
24.8
5.3
38.3
76.4
25.4
5.1
5.9
11.7
5.7
9.7

662.5
9.9
14.1
210.2
5.5
60.7
44.9
42.7
24.9
5.6
41.1
79.2
27.4
5.5
6.1
11.0
6.0
9.5

2,915.1
41.3
66.0
835.8
31.6
205.3
291.6
205.9
131.2
29.3
229.5
198.0
166.1
35.2
38.6
38.9
37.3
58.1

2,974.0
42.2
66.3
840.7
32.3
207.9
298.6
210.1
133.8
30.5
235.9
200.6
174.6
35.0
40.4
39.5
38.0
59.1

3,057.4
42.8
67.5
858.4
33.9
214.0
308.2
217.9
137.1
31.0
241.1
207.7
184.4
36.3
41.4
40.0
39.2
60.1

192.4
30.0
24.8
87.5

197.1
30.2
25.1
90.0

203.6
31.7
26.1
92.8

117.5
3.5
10.0
83.1

121.1
3.6
11.4
84.9

121.7
3.7
11.8
84.9

453.3
32.4
44.7
242.2

465.9
33.3
47.2
247.9

480.8
34.8
48.4
256.5

279.0
41.8
19.3
90.8
39.7
27.9
28.3
18.4

274.8
39.9
19.0
90.6
39.3
26.1
28.3
18.5

276.2
39.7
18.8
92.6
39.3
24.7
28.1
18.9

71.3
7.2
2.9
25.0
16.2
6.2
8.8
3.3

73.7
7.1
2.7
26.0
15.8
6.4
9.8
3.5

74.5
7.1
2.5
26.9
15.9
6.4
10.0
3.5

341.0
40.0
21.9
123.1
49.7
27.4
43.0
16.3

347.0
40.4
22.0
124.2
50.9
27.4
44.1
16.9

354.2
41.1
22.1
124.6
52.5
27.9
45.7
17.8

61.5
6.5
45.2

57.9
6.5
42.3

57.4
6.0
43.1

15.6
1.6
13.5

15.6
1.7
13.8

15.7
1.8
13.6

82.2
13.2
59.1

83.8
13.1
59.9

85.5
12.7
61.4

13.0
93.5

13.0
96.4

12.6
99.1

19.9
111.9

19.1
111.9

17.7
112.0

52.2
464.2

50.0
467.0

48.5
471.6

486.5
13.7
41.5
6.3
5.5
35.6
21.3
27.0
77.5
51.1
11.1
20.1
5.0
86.8
29.8

489.7
14.1
42.0
6.8
5.6
36.5
21.2
26.2
77.1
51.6
11.5
20.3
5.3
86.7
29.7

491.0
14.2
40.3
6.8
5.4
37.2
20.9
27.4
75.3
52.5
11.0
20.6
5.2
87.8
30.6

305.5
3.8
28.9
6.4
2.2
34.4
8.6
4.5
78.1
38.0
6.6
5.2
3.6
44.0
14.8

314.5
3.9
30.5
6.6
2.3
34.9
8.8
4.6
80.1
39.2
6.7
5.3
3.8
45.3
15.5

327.0
4.2
31.3
6.9
2.4
35.9
8.8
5.2
83.2
41.0
7.2
5.3
4.1
48.0
16.2

1,553.8
41.8
165.3
41.2
23.6
118.8
44.7
39.8
242.3
177.9
35.3
54.8
31.0
247.4
105.4

1,607.4
42.3
171.5
42.3
23.7
124.4
46.0
40.7
247.7
188.0
37.3
58.0
29.4
255.2
108.8

1,651.8
42.6
177.7
42.8
23.5
128.1
47.9
41.4
254.3
198.7
38.6
59.2
29.8
259.2
112.6

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1995

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Ariwnsas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Nonwich
Stamford-Non«/alk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

DIatrict of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




1996

Services

1997

1995

1996

Government

1997

1995

1996

1997

78.2
31.2
4.6
9.1
8.5
2.2

81.6
32.7
4.6
9.5
9.0
2.4

84.2
34.2
4.7
10.0
9.2
2.5

394.2
124.8
42.3
55.3
37.8
12.6

407.4
128.8
43.3
57.2
39.4
13.1

427.9
136.5
45.8
60.0
41.0
13.6

343.2
68.2
39.4
33.8
36.3
21.2

342.9
68.6
38.4
33.8
36.3
21.1

345.7
68.6
38.5
34.4
36.7
21.9

11.7
7.2

11.9
7.2

12.1
7.2

60.8
32.4

62.9
33.6

65.4
35.0

72.8
28.1

73.1
27.7

73.2
28.0

107.8
87.4
12.0

117.1
96.4
12.0

126.6
106.7
11.8

519.1
366.0
91.3

560.9
403.1
95.7

598.5
434.6
98.7

310.5
165.6
68.4

317.9
170.1
69.4

323.6
172.5
70.7

41.9
4.4
3.0
16.7
1.4

43.2
4.7
3.1
17.2
1.4

44.1
4.9
3.1
17.4
1.3

237.4
24.7
22.8
81.4
8.1

245.8
25.6
23.2
84.7
8.4

253.8
26.6
24.0
88.0
8.5

177.1
17.4
9.3
56.5
7.9

180.3
18.3
9.6
57.5
7.8

183.5
19.0
9.7
58.6
7.7

731.9
5.9
13.8
222.1
4.5
52.9
84.9
29.4
38.9
6.4
55.8
95.9
28.7
7.2
9.8
8.3
5.4
12.0

736.7
6.3
14.1
217.2
4.4
52.1
86.9
29.6
39.3
6.1
57.4
98.1
30.0
7.1
9.5
8.3
5.6
11.7

755.7
6.7
13.7
219.5
4.5
54.6
91.5
30.2
41.3
5.9
60.9
102.1
30.7
7.3
9.4
8.6
6.1
12.8

3.728.5
40.3
66.5
1,196.2
28.9
257.5
348.6
202.6
157.7
29.9
310.9
322.0
265.3
44.7
41.3
38.4
36.1
71.4

3,890.7
41.3
68.4
1,234.9
30.3
266.2
361.7
208.7
167.1
31.2
321.2
341.8
283.9
45.3
44.4
40.2
38.1
71.0

4,050.8
42.8
71.1
1,267.3
32.0
280.1
370.8
222.0
173.1
33.0
338.8
359.8
303.2
46.6
47.6
41.8
39.7
72.2

2,107.0
47.3
63.8
535.7
22.6
169.8
128.2
162.6
165.8
25.8
186.1
125.0
87.8
29.7
25.1
33.7
32.9
43.0

2,113.3
47.3
64.8
533.0
23.2
168.2
129.7
167.3
166.7
26.7
190.1
124.1
87.4
29.7
25.0
33.6
30.9
43.4

2,143.6
48.4
65.1
537.8
23.9
169.4
133.2
172.4
169.2
28.3
192.5
124.4
88.5
30.7
25.1
34.5
30.8
43.1

113.4
5.3
9.9
75.4

119.0
5.3
10.6
78.9

127.0
5.5
11.6
83.9

537.2
44.1
64.6
292.0

563.8
46.3
68.2
305.3

596.9
50.2
71.2
323.9

303.7
25.4
33.1
139.5

308.7
25.5
33.8
140.8

314.6
25.9
34.6
144.1

132.5
10.1
3.7
73.3
13.8
3.5
21.7
4.1

130.2
10.3
4.0
69.4
13.6
3.5
22.5
4.3

131.2
10.3
4.5
68.6
13.0
3.7
23.7
4.3

465.7
54.7
22.7
159.4
82.7
32.4
66.3
24.7

482.0
56.6
23.7
166.7
85.4
33.2
68.6
25.2

497.4
57.8
24.4
170.8
88.3
34.1
72.0
26.4

220.9
19.6
9.7
93.8
30.9
30.2
17.2
12.3

222.8
20.0
9.3
94.4
31.0
32.0
17.5
12.5

225.5
20.7
9.9
93.6
31.1
35.1
17.7
12.3

40.9
1.9
35.9

43.4
2.3
37.6

47.0
2.2
41.1

96.0
10.6
78.9

101.8
11.4
83.1

107.2
11.8
87.6

50.8
14.5
35.8

52.4
14.7
37.2

53.3
15.1
38.1

29.9
133.1

28.7
131.4

28.4
133.8

263.9
877.3

262.8
906.2

265.6
949.3

254.9
609.9

240.5
595.3

233.2
588.6

378.7
6.6
41.8
8.3
4.4
49.8
7.8
5.6
66.0
42.2
5.5
10.8
52
66.8
27.1

394.0
6.6
43.7
85
4.9
51.4
7.8
5.8
66.4
44.5
5.8
11.2
5.5
71.4
28.7

410.0
6.4
44.7
8.9
5.1
52.7
7.7
5.9
67.6
46.2
6.0
11.5
5.6
75.9
30.3

2,038.2
49.6
194.1
48.7
30.2
152.6
43.5
58.3
294.3
288.2
47.9
84.4
36.4
372.8
147.2

2,117.2
50.6
203.6
47.8
30.8
153.9
44.9
59.2
299.0
304.4
46.8
100.3
37.2
382.8
157.4

2,265.3
52.0
216.2
47.7
32.4
169.4
46.4
63.2
311.5
330.1
48.0
117.6
38.3
412.1
168.7

918.4
22.7
80.1
23.0
37.8
65.3
24.7
24.7
131.8
79.6
27.6
24.1
57.4
130.3
51.2

928.4
23.1
82.1
23.4
38.0
65.9
24.7
24.5
132.1
81.6
27.7
23.0
57.6
132.0
52.8

942.8
22.9
83.4
24.7
38.4
66.3
25.2
24.8
134.7
83.6
28.4
23.2
57.8
131.5
53.7

Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

Georgia
Albany
Attiens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Chanpaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




1995

1996

1997

3,402.3
56.8
69.0
1,817.2
191.1
108.2
140.8
126.2

3,527.4
58.9
71.1
1,903.2
191.1
112.8
144.7
128.6

3,620.3
59.7
71.5
1,962.9
192.6
115.1
148.3
131.5

532.8
408.3

530.7
404.6

477.3
179.0

1995

1997

1996

1995

1996

1997

(M

(M

(M

151.6
3.5
2.5
82.5
10.5
4.7
5.7
6.8

531.9
403.3

(M

(M

(M

26.3
20.2

23.7
18.0

22.3
17.3

492.9
185.9

508.5
193.7

3.1

(M

29.6
12.9

30.6
13.0

31.9
13.5

5,593.1
75.4
94.5
3,908.5
170.1
54.3
42.4
158.6
172.1
110.8

5,684.7
76.5
96.7
3,969.8
173.9
569
43.0
166.3
174.5
111.9

5,772.6
78.8
97.0
4,037.1
178.9
56.7
43.3
171.1
176.8
113.0

11.8

216.7
2.5
3.0
147.6
8.1
3.6
2.4
7.1
6.6
4.6

224.0
2.4
3.1
153.5
8.7
3.5
2.1
7.4
6.7
5.0

234.8
2.6
3.2
158.8
9.4
3.6
2.0
8.0
6.7
4.9

2,786.5
61.6
116.4
148.9
260.0
252.1
796.7
52.1
88.8
61.5
130.8
70.1

2,814.4
63.0
115.6
151.4
262.8
258.5
811.1
52.5
90.5
59.5
131.1
69.0

2,859.5
64.3
116.3
153.0
268.1
264.0
828.5
51.8
91.6
59.5
133.5
67.8

129.7
2.8
4.3
9.1
11.9
15.8
41.3
1.4
3.6
2.5
6.6
3.5

134.2
3.0
4.3
9.5
12.1
17.1
42.6
1.7
3.6
2.5
7.0
3.2

140.9
3.1
4.6
9.5
12.8
17.5
45.8
2.2
3.8
2.4
7.6
3.1

1,358.1
107.4
261.9
50.4
63.5
63.6
68.3

1,383.4
109.3
267.5
49.7
64.2
64.5
69.2

1,405.4
111.8
269.6
50.9
65.4
65.1
71.2

55.0
5.6
11.1
1.9
2.2
3.0
2.6

58.2
5.6
11.7
1.9
2.2
3.4
2.5

60.0
5.4
12.0
1.8
2.2
3.7
2.7

1,198.0
43.6
98.4
255.8

1,226.7
44.1
100.1
264.4

1,268.3
46.3
99.3
274.5

56.7
2.0
4.4
13.7

58.8
2.1
4.5
14.1

1,642.8
251.6
527.6
42.5

1,671.7
259.9
536.8
42.2

1,772.4
53.0
269.0
65.2
146.9
80.3
65.9
598.9
162.9
538.2
41.2
132.9

(M

7.7

7.8

1.6
.5

1.6
.4

(M

(M

(M

1.1

(M

3.1
(M

13.7
(M

(M

(M

1.6

(M

(M

(M

(M

1.4
.8

<)

(M
(M

6.7

6.3

1.3
.8

1.6

(M

(M

6.4

1.2

(M

12.5

1.8

(M

1.6
.4

1.2

2.7

(M

8.0

1.3
(M

.8

(M
(M

(M
(M

.2

.2

.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

< >

O

( )

< )

(M
(M

(M
(M

(M

164.0
3.9
2.5
90.9
10.7
5.1
6.1
7.3

169.2
3.6
2.6
94.4
11.3
5.3
6.3
7.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

51.6
1.9
4.0
12.6

1,713.7
268.7
551.0
43.1

25.0
.2
.6
.4

23.0
.2
.6
.3

22.9
.3
.6
.3

73.7
11.2
26.2
3.0

77.2
12.1
26.7
3.1

82.0
13.1
29.1
3.3

1,809.7
53.3
276.6
69.0
152.8
83.7
67.3
603.8
167.0

1,847.2
53.5
281.4
73.8
160.7
85.3
68.0
615.0
170.4

45.9
.1
.8
5.2
12.0
1.5
.2
13.7
2.4

49.3
.1
.8
6.0
13.6
1.4
.2
14.6
2.4

53.6
.1
.9
7.2
15.0
1.3
.2
15.2
2.5

106.2
3.3
28.3
2.8
7.8
9.2
3.3
27.6
7.9

113.2
3.2
30.8
3.2
8.1
9.8
3.5
28.4
9.4

116.3
3.2
30.9
3.4
9.2
10.4
3.5
30.5
9.7

542.5
40.8
136.1

553.5
41.4
140.4

.1

.1

.1

21.7
1.7
5.7

23.2
1.7
6.0

23.9
1.7
6.6

8.0
(M

(2)

7.9
(M

(2)

8.3
(M

(2)

Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

state and area
1995

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloonnington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




1996

1997

1995

1996

Wholesale and retail trade

1997

1995

1996

1997

586.9
6.2
11.5
213.2
43.0
20.9
19.6
17.0

585.4
8.5
11.8
215.7
41.1
21.3
20.0
16.9

588.5
9.1
11.6
218.9
41.0
21.5
20.4
17.6

216.3
3.0
1.9
151.0
6.0
3.7
54
9.6

223.3
2.8
2.0
158.9
6.2
3.9
5.2
9.4

230.4
3.0
1.8
164.0
6.5
4.0
5.3
9.7

856.1
13.7
16.5
485.9
41.4
24.5
33.1
32.2

893.4
14.0
17.9
509.3
42.6
25.3
33.7
32.9

915.5
14.0
18.1
522.0
42.1
26.3
34.2
33.1

17.0
13.0

16.7
12.8

16.6
12.7

40.7
33.2

41.0
33.2

41.4
33.4

135.8
101.5

135.2
101.1

134.6
99.8

71.0
31.7

72.9
33.6

74.4
34.7

22.7
8.6

23.4
8.9

24.0
9.5

121.3
43.0

125.2
44.8

128.6
46.5

962.2
8.6
11.5
653.6
29.7
11.6
7.8
26.6
53.1
4.4

969.7
8.7
11.9
654.2
29.3
13.8
8.5
31.8
52.6
4.3

974.1
8.7
11.9
657.5
30.6
13.5
8.3
32.3
52.6
4.4

323.9
2.8
2.5
236.5
8.8
5.2
2.0
9.3
8.8
5.5

332.5
2.9
2.5
245.1
9.2
5.2
2.0
9.2
8.7
5.0

336.9
2.9
2.7
247.9
9.6
5.0
2.0
9.5
9.2
4.8

1,313.0
17.2
21.1
913.5
47.1
12.5
10.6
39.9
35.9
23.7

1,307.0
17.4
21.4
907.1
47.5
12.4
10.8
40.5
36.8
24.1

1,323.9
17.3
21.2
917.5
47.5
12.4
11.0
41.3
37.3
24.2

683.8
9.8
59.3
32.0
74.1
52.3
125.9
20.9
21.8
11.1
23.3
12.7

676.0
9.9
58.0
32.2
73.6
51.2
125.8
21.5
22.1
11.1
22.3
12.1

677.0
10.0
58.3
32.1
74.9
50.1
127.5
20.8
22.1
10.9
22.3
11.9

141.0
1.8
3.4
7.2
13.2
15.8
48.6
1.3
2.1
5.9
5.7
3.5

139.8
1.8
3.3
7.2
12.6
15.4
49.4
1.3
2.3
3.8
5.7
3.2

140.3
1.9
3.0
7.1
12.8
15.6
50.8
1.2
2.2
3.3
5.5
2.9

669.2
14.5
22.1
37.6
62.0
62.0
209.0
11.4
18.2
13.8
34.1
20.3

677.9
14.6
21.8
37.4
63.0
62.7
214.5
11.3
19.1
13.6
34.0
20.3

682.2
14.7
22.2
38.2
64.2
63.5
215.9
11.2
19.0
13.7
34.3
19.3

250.3
21.3
25.4
12.8
4.7
12.7
14.5

248.7
20.7
25.0
11.4
4.8
13.0
14.4

253.7
21.6
25.0
11.9
4.8
12.8
14.8

61.4
7.4
12.8
2.1
2.1
3.9
2.0

63.3
7.6
13.2
2.1
2.1
3.9
2.1

65.4
8.0
13.4
2.1
22
3.9
2.4

340.0
25.0
70.7
12.0
12.4
15.8
16.6

342.3
24.8
71.1
12.1
12.6
16.0
16.6

345.3
25.2
70.6
12.2
13.0
16.0
16.6

191.4
5.1
10.2
57.1

196.7
5.2
10.2
62.3

205.6
5.3
9.8
69.3

68.2
1.2
6.2
10.1

70.1
1.2
6.4
10.4

72.1
1.3
6.3
10.8

295.5
11.0
21.8
61.3

302.3
11.5
21.7
61.6

309.5
11.8
21.4
61.8

313.8
43.1
90.3
6.9

311.7
44.0
88.4
6.9

316.1
46.5
88.4
7.0

91.3
10.2
36.9
2.1

94.0
10.4
38.7
2.1

97.1
10.7
40.4
2.2

393.7
57.7
130.7
10.6

401.5
59.5
132.8
10.8

410.3
60.9
135.8
10.9

188.0
3.4
23.5
5.8
15.8
11.1
8.2
47.2
20.2

188.6
3.4
24.3
6.1
15.6
11.5
8.2
47.5
19.7

190.3
3.4
24.6
7.1
16.0
11.8
7.9
48.7
19.3

107.7
2.8
12.7
6.5
8.7
4.5
3.8
42.3
8.1

108.5
2.8
12.6
7.1
9.2
4.3
3.8
42.0
8.3

110.4
2.6
12.4
7.9
9.8
4.3
3.7
42.3
8.3

414.0
11.8
62.0
16.7
38.0
17.5
16.5
147.9
37.9

422.4
11.9
63.8
16.8
39.5
17.8
16.8
150.2
38.4

429.8
12.2
65.8
17.2
41.3
18.2
17.0
151.0
39.1

91.1
8.6
13.8

88.3
7.8
14.2

87.5
7.8
15.0

22.3
1.7
6.1

22.6
1.7
6.2

23.2
1.7
6.4

137.0
10.5
39.6

137.2
10.4
39.8

139.8
10.5
41.0

1995

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

llUnole
Bloomington-Normal
Chanpaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokonno
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

175.0
2.1
2.1
117.0
6.5
7.4
8.3
4.2

180.5
22
2.2
121.9
6.2
7.6
8.2
4.3

187.1
2.1
22
127.6
6.0
8.0
8.5
4.4

838.5
13.9
13.5
518.6
44.1
27.0
32.0
35.6

903.4
14.8
15.1
554.7
44.7
29.3
37.7
37.0

944.1
15.3
15.5
580.4
45.7
29.7
39.4
38.5

570.3
12.4
21.1
247.3
39.1
20.0
35.5
20.8

569.5
12.6
19.8
250.2
39.2
20.4
32.7
20.7

577.5
12.7
19.7
254.2
39.5
20.3
33.0
20.7

37.1
30.4

36.9
29.8

36.1
28.9

164.5
120.2

166.7
120.8

169.2
121.4

111.4
89.8

110.6
89.0

111.7
89.7

24.9
11.8

25.2
11.2

25.4
11.0

109.4
42.9

115.5
45.9

121.8
48.8

95.7
28.1

97.0
28.5

99.3
29.7

383.8
13.5
3.2
300.7
7.9
2.4
1.7
7.9
7.0
7.9

387.6
13.5
3.4
302.7
8.0
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.3
7.8

398.6
13.9
3.6
311.2
8.1
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.5
7.9

1,581.2
17.5
19.4
1,169.8
42.9
13.2
11.1
50.2
44.2
31.2

1,642.2
18.5
20.2
1,216.5
45.2
13.7
11.3
51.3
45.3
32.0

1,686.2
19.8
21.0
1,254.1
47.0
13.6
11.5
52.9
46.1
32.8

798.7
13.3
33.7
485.1
25.6
6.0
6.8
17.7
16.5
33.6

809.4
13.2
34.1
489.0
26.0
6.5
6.8
18.2
17.2
33.7

806.4
13.6
33.4
488.5
26.8
6.6
6.9
19.3
17.5
33.9

130.9
2.4
2.7
6.9
13.6
9.0
56.8
1.5
3.7
1.8
6.3
2.3

134.3
2.4
2.8
7.2
14.4
9.3
58.5
1.5
3.7
1.8
6.4
2.3

138.6
2.3
3.0
7.3
14.9
9.3
62.2
1.5
3.8
1.8
6.5
2.3

633.8
11.7
17.9
40.3
60.1
62.4
205.0
9.0
16.4
14.3
41.9
16.3

655.0
12.4
18.3
41.8
61.0
67.1
212.4
8.5
16.7
15.1
42.6
16.3

682.6
12.4
18.2
42.8
61.9
71.9
223.1
8.2
17.8
16.1
43.9
16.6

391.7
18.6
6.7
14.5
25.3
34.9
109.3
6.6
23.0
12.0
12.8
11.2

391.0
18.9
7.1
14.7
26.2
35.8
107.0
6.8
23.1
11.7
13.1
11.4

391.1
19.9
7.0
14.8
26.6
36.1
102.5
6.7
22.8
11.3
13.4
11.5

76.8
5.7
36.0
1.7
1.7
2.6
3.0

77.9
5.7
36.7
1.7
1.8
2.6
3.2

79.4
5.9
37.3
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.3

342.2
31.3
72.1
16.4
13.1
18.1
17.3

358.0
33.9
75.2
16.9
13.6
18.3
18.0

365.2
34.8
76.7
17.4
14.0
18.7
19.1

230.3
11.2
33.9
3.5
27.3
7.4
12.4

232.9
11.0
34.7
3.6
27.3
7.4
12.3

234.4
11.0
34.6
3.7
27.4
7.5
12.4

57.5
1.8
6.4
11.2

58.7
2.0
6.7
11.2

60.9
2.0
6.8
11.0

289.0
9.8
25.9
69.5

300.7
10.1
27.0
71.0

317.0
10.9
28.2
73.3

236.7
12.8
23.9
32.7

233.5
12.2
23.8
32.9

236.1
13.0
22.4
33.0

64.8
9.5
28.1
1.8

67.3
9.9
28.5
1.8

69.4
10.1
29.1
1.7

393.6
65.4
146.8
11.4

408.2
69.2
153.0
10.4

424.6
72.2
159.0
10.6

286.9
54.3
68.1
6.3

288.8
54.6
68.0
6.8

291.3
55.1
68.7
7.1

80.7
22
15.8
2.2
5.7
2.6
4.5
30.1
6.5

83.0
2.3
16.7
2.2
5.8
2.7
4.5
30.7
6.7

85.6
2.3
17.4
2.3
6.1
2.6
4.9
31.6
6.6

471.6
15.8
68.9
13.3
36.1
21.0
16.7
186.9
48.1

483.1
16.3
70.5
14.7
38.0
23.2
17.5
186.5
49.8

497.7
16.5
72.5
15.7
40.2
23.8
18.0
189.7
52.3

358.3
13.7
57.1
12.6
22.9
12.9
12.7
103.3
31.8

361.8
13.4
57.2
12.8
23.0
13.0
12.8
103.9
32.3

363.5
13.2
57.0
13.1
23.1
13.0
12.8
105.9
32.6

26.0
1.8
11.8

27.0
2.0
12.0

28.4
2.1
12.4

146.8
12.3
38.6

151.1
12.6
40.3

157.6
12.8
41.2

93.2
4.7
17.2

92.8
4.7
17.6

92.9
4.7
17.8

Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
1997

1995

1996

1997

2,182.7
1,129.3
406.3
802.0

2,211.2
1,138.8
402.3
814.3

2,256.9
1,164.4
404.8
831.3

2,976.6
53.9
1,820.4
90.7
50.5
141.8
106.2
62.1
40.8
242.3
213.2

3,035.4
55.5
1,860.7
91.5
50.6
146.9
110.3
61.8
41.4
245.3
216.8

3,118.7
56.8
1,912.0
95.1
52.4
149.2
115.6
63.7
41.8
251.6
223.0

4,273.9
255.6
71.0
2,006.2
180.8
519.2
59.1
205.5
225.6
172.6

4,360.7
262.0
71.1
2,049.8
182.2
532.5
60.3
207.5
229.7
176.2

4,446.0
266.3
71.4
2,080.7
180.1
551.8
60.9
209.5
232.3
179.3

2,378.6
106.5
1,547.0
68.7
82.5

2,433.3
108.4
1,582.6
70.3
83.9

2,485.1
110.1
1,613.7
73.3
84.4

1,074.5
209.7

1,088.9
215.1

1,106.0
220.4

2,520.9
861.0
1,244.1
151.3

2,567.4
881.4
1,266.4
1556

2,635 7
917.2
1,290.8
158.8

Montana

350.8

360.3

365.6

5.3

5.4

5.4

16.1

17.1

17.9

Nebrasica

816.4
137.3
373.7

834.8
142.6
386.0

855.8
145.6
398.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

34.7
5.6
16.3

36.6
6.0
17.5

38.5
6.5
18.4

786.1
544.5
165.8

843.0
592.3
172.4

889.5
630.4
177.2

539.7
91.3
84.3
109.9

553.6
93.5
87.8
112.0

568.0
96.1
91.6
113.4

3,600.7
173.5
618.6
450.7
237.7
569.3
347.7
927.6
195.4
57.2

3,638.9
176.0
625.4
457.1
238.7
583.2
354 1
930.3
194.0
57.1

3,724.5
180.8
639.0
469.1
240.3
607.1
362.1
948.6
197.1
58.3

682.4
320.2
48.5
70.4

694.6
326.3
49.9
70.0

707.2
332.7
50.9
71.1

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Spnngfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Spnngfield

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




1996

1995

1.1
.2

1.2
.2
(M

(M
1.3
(M

1.2

(2)

131.2
61.9
12.3
55.9

138.3
64.7
12.6
59.4

1.3

89.8
2.3
50.5
3.1
1.5
5.3
4.5
2.1
1.4
7.1
6.3

94.0
2.4
52.8
3.1
1.6
5.5
4.9
2.1
1.5
7.5
6.5

100.3
2.6
56.4
3.3
1.7
5.7
5.0
2.2
1.6
7.6
7.1

15Z7
8.3
2.1
66.5
5.9
22.1
2.1
7.3
7.1
8.0

168.0
9.2
2.2
73.0
6.7
23.6
2.2
7.8
8.1
8.9

180.3
10.1
2.4
79.0
7.0
25.0
2.4
8.3
8.6
9.5

83.9
3.7
53.0
2.4
3.5

88.9
3.7
56.5
2.5
3.6

93.6
4.0
59.1
2.9
3.9

5.9

45.4
9.8

48.6
10.6

50.7
11.3

4.8

111.8
40.1
60.9
6.7

115.2
43.5
62.5
6.6

122.2
46.4
66.5
6.6

.4
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)
.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

8.4

7.6

7.6

(M

(M

(M

.8

.8

.8

< )
(M
(M

(M

<
)
(M

(M

(M

(M
7.9
5.1

7.8
5.1

O

(M
4.9
(2)

5.3
(2)

(2)
4.8

4.9
(M
(M

(M
(M

(M
(M

7.9
5.0

<
>
(M

(M

(M
(M

(M

(M

13.2
1.9
.6

14.6
2.1
.6

14.7
2.2
.6

61.6
46.9
10.3

75.0
58.5
11.7

81.7
64.3
12.0

.5

.5

.5

19.4
3.8
2.7
3.2

20.2
4.0
2.8
3.3

21.0
4.3
2.9
3.2

1.9

123.0
6.2
21.5
19.6
3.8
18.4
16.4
30.2
4.3
1.8

124.2
6.7
21.4
19.9
3.9
18.5
17.0
29.6
4.2
1.9

131.3
7.4
22.2
21.5
4.4
18.9
17.8
31.6
4.5
2.1

44.1
22.6
3.2
3.6

43.1
22.4
3.3
3.4

42.5
21.9
3.1
3.6

(I)
(M
(M

< )
(M
2.0

(M
(M

1.9

(M

o

(M

(M

(M

(M

.5
(M

.5
(M

.7
(M

O

1997

127.4
60.6
11.8
53.8

(M
.4

1996

1.3
.2
(M

(M
.4

(2)

1995

.5
(M

.7
(M

.8
(M

.3

.3

.3

15.9

15.5

15.6

(M

< )

(M

< )
(M

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1995

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

lUbssachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay Crty-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Spnngfield

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

176.0
102.9
32.7
35.5

175.0
101.2
32.3
37.0

175.8
100.3
31.4
38.3

105.6
56.5
19.7
34.9

106.4
57.5
19.9
34.2

106.2
58.3
20.0
34.0

527.7
265.1
67.0
195.3

529.0
265.0
64.7
196.3

536.0
269.2
64.5
198.0

446.1
2.3
223.2
11.2
13.7
35.9
27.4
14.2
7.6
39.5
40.8

444.7
2.1
220.6
10.9
13.5
37.8
27.8
13.6
7.6
38.9
41.0

447.8
2.0
222.5
10.6
13.7
38.4
28.7
13.5
7.5
39.0
41.5

127.0
2.7
79.9
5.0
1.9
4.6
5.9
2.4
1.2
9.6
9.3

129.1
2.9
80.6
5.1
2.0
4.8
6.4
2.4
1.2
9.5
9.2

133.8
2.9
82.8
5.0
2.1
4.9
6.7
3.4
1.2
10.0
9.4

687.2
18.6
398.0
30.5
12.3
34.0
22.7
15.9
10.1
56.1
48.0

695.1
18.9
403.5
30.5
12.1
34.8
23.4
16.1
10.2
57.0
48.5

710.8
19.4
414.4
31.2
12.3
34.5
24.5
16.2
10.3
58.2
49.7

979.7
53.8
21.3
449.1
48.3
150.8
13.1
50.8
30.9
40.4

971.7
53.1
20.5
446.9
45.1
151.4
12.8
50.1
30.1
40.0

967.2
52.6
20.0
443.0
41.4
154.6
12.9
49.4
30.1
39.8

167.0
5.4
2.9
91.1
5.2
18.4
3.7
6.8
6.0
7.2

170.4
6.0
2.9
92.8
5.2
18.6
3.6
6.9
6.2
7.3

173.1
6.4
2.9
94.3
5.4
18.7
3.5
7.0
6.1
7.3

1,003.7
50.6
15.7
473.3
44.4
126.5
14.8
44.8
50.0
44.2

1,025.2
52.0
15.9
481.0
44.9
131.3
15.4
45.7
50.2
44.6

1,043.8
53.6
15.9
486.3
45.2
136.5
15.5
46.5
51.4
45.3

425.8
8.3
274.8
10.2
15.3

429.6
8.2
274.8
10.5
15.4

434.0
8.3
273.9
11.8
15.4

117.7
6.6
84.6
2.1
2.8

120.4
6.6
86.3
2.0
3.0

123.6
7.0
88.1
2.1
3.0

579.5
27.9
371.5
14.4
25.6

591.4
27.7
381.0
14.4
25.9

600.3
27.6
386.3
14.7
25.5

257.8
21.6

245.6
21.1

241.3
20.6

51.1
14.4

52.8
15.1

53.0
15.4

228.2
50.1

232.9
51.2

237.1
53.5

420.8
106.8
200.0
23.1

416.6
106.7
196.8
23.6

418.7
107.0
196.0
23.7

157.7
67.4
79.2
9.1

160.3
69.7
80.6
10.4

164.2
74.6
82.7
10.5

604.2
213.1
297.9
44.6

612.5
217.7
301.7
44.9

623.3
225.5
306.2
44.7

Montana

23.4

23.9

24.1

20.8

20.8

21.1

96.1

98.4

99.0

Nebraska

112.2
17.1
38.0

113.6
16.7
39.4

116.0
17.0
39.7

49.6
7.7
25.9

50.2
9.1
25.9

53.4
9.3
28.0

204.2
29.5
92.3

207.8
30.6
93.2

210.0
30.7
95.6

36.6
20.0
12.4

38.7
21.2
13.1

40.5
21.9
13.4

40.4
28.0
11.1

42.7
30.3
10.7

45.4
32.5
11.3

157.0
110.1
37.2

169.3
120.3
39.1

179.1
128.4
40.5

102.6
12.3
26.7
19.4

104.4
13.3
27.1
18.9

106.9
14.1
27.6
19.5

19.5
5.6
22
3.8

19.3
5.5
2.2
3.9

19.4
5.6
2.2
4.0

140.9
23.1
21.3
28.4

143.0
22.9
21.9
29.2

148.1
23.5
22.4
30.0

499.2
6.5
109.8
56.9
30.4
92.8
21.6
140.5
22.8
13.4

483.5
6.4
106.7
55.2
28.6
92.4
21.3
135.4
20.4
12.8

482.1
6.4
106.7
55.0
28.8
92.3
21.0
135.1
19.8
13.0

247.9
7.1
30.2
21.3
28.8
47.3
19.8
80.6
7.2
2.6

250.1
6.8
32.9
21.5
28.5
47.7
20.6
78.6
7.3
2.9

256.8
7.1
34.8
21.9
28.1
50.4
20.6
80.4
7.2
3.0

848.6
36.2
173.2
121.7
58.0
134.3
95.0
184.2
31.3
11.1

853.8
36.2
173.0
123.0
56.6
136.2
96.5
185.6
31.9
11.1

872.3
37.4
176.1
124.6
55.7
142.6
99.3
188.9
32.6
11.3

45.1
29.3
2.6
2.0

46.0
29.4
2.7
2.0

46.4
29.4
2.8
2.0

31.0
14.3
1.7
1.2

31.6
15.2
1.8
1.3

32.0
15.5
1.7
1.2

161.4
76.6
10.5
15.2

164.6
79.0
10.7
15.1

167.5
80.6
10.9
15.2

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe




1995

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesote
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Spnngfield

1996

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

128.6
71.8
35.1
48.3

128.8
71.9
33.7
48.4

130.6
72.6
33.6
49.3

694.5
363.9
150.9
263.0

719.1
373.0
151.8
272.3

752.2
388.7
155.0
285.6

421.8
208.3
89.1
171.2

420.6
208.1
87.8
170.2

416.5
210.3
87.9
166.8

205.3
3.1
150.1
2.9
1.5
4.8
3.8
2.0
2.0
13.3
15.2

208.2
3.3
154.4
3.0
1.5
4.6
3.8
1.9
1.9
12.5
14.9

213.1
3.3
158.5
3.2
1.6
4.4
3.8
1.8
1.9
12.7
15.0

1,024.9
17.6
691.6
22.6
12.7
39.9
28.0
15.9
13.6
72.9
62.2

1,063.2
18.5
721.7
23.4
12.7
41.8
29.9
16.0
14.0
75.1
64.0

1,106.6
19.2
749.5
25.4
13.4
43.4
32.0
16.8
14.2
78.8
65.8

395.1
7.3
226.6
15.5
6.9
17.4
14.0
9.6
4.7
43.8
31.3

400.0
7.4
226.7
15.5
7.2
17.6
14.2
9.7
4.8
44.7
32.4

405.0
7.4
227.5
16.3
7.8
17.9
15.0
9.9
5.1
45.2
34.2

196.3
9.5
2.7
106.8
6.3
20.5
1.8
10.7
12.7
6.5

202.4
9.8
2.6
111.2
6.5
21.3
1.9
10.8
13.1
6.8

206.3
9.9
2.6
112.3
6.5
22.2
1.9
10.9
13.7
6.9

1,125.1
59.4
17.6
591.9
46.7
129.4
13.6
51.3
53.4
44.0

1,171.6
62.5
18.7
618.0
49.3
134.3
14.2
52.4
55.5
46.7

1,218.7
64.7
19.0
637.7
50.3
141.5
14.6
53.4
56.7
48.5

640.9
68.6
8.7
226.7
24.1
51.5
9.9
33.7
65.4
22.2

643.8
69.4
8.4
226.2
24.5
52.0
10.1
33.8
66.6
21.9

649.1
69.0
8.5
227.4
24.3
53.3
10.0
34.0
65.6
22.0

138.9
3.4
109.8
2.2
2.7

143.3
3.5
113.0
2.3
2.9

146.4
3.4
114.8
2.3
3.0

647.1
29.1
437.5
30.5
19.9

672.3
30.4
453.4
31.6
20.4

699.9
31.5
471.1
32.5
21.0

377.9
22.4
215.3
7.1
12.7

379.5
23.2
217.1
7.0
12.8

379.5
23.3
219.8
7.1
12.7

40.0
14.9

40.9
15.2

41.3
15.6

232.4
54.2

2461
56.1

257.7
58.5

214.7
44.0

216.8
45.2

219.2
44.6

146.1
62.3
75.8
6.3

149.9
62.7
77.6
6.6

154.1
64.6
79.5
6.8

685.5
243.2
378.9
43.5

707.5
253.3
392.2
44.6

736.0
268.1
405.6
47.2

390.0
128.0
151.4
18.0

400.8
127.9
155.1
18.9

412.5
131.0
154.4
19.3

Montana

15.5

16.1

16.4

96.6

101.7

104.8

76.9

77.0

76.8

Nebrasica

52.6
8.8
32.7

53.1
8.9
32.2

54.7
9.3
34.4

211.0
34.2
118.3

220.8
36.0
127.6

229.4
37.0
131.4

150.8
34.5
50.4

151.4
35.4
50.3

152.6
35.8
50.8

35.7
26.8
7.4

37.9
28.9
7.5

40.1
30.3
8.0

345.1
252.2
65.4

363.6
269.2
67.4

381.6
285.1
68.4

96.5
58.5
21.4

101.2
61.8
22.3

106.4
65.7
23.0

28.6
7.7
3.2
6.0

28.3
7.4
3.6
6.1

29.3
7.4
4.4
6.2

152.1
28.6
20.7
27.8

160.1
30.0
22.4
28.9

164.5
X.6
23.8
29.2

76.2
10.2
7.6
21.2

77.9
10.4
8.0
21.8

78.4
10.7
8.3
21.3

228.4
5.9
34.4
22.3
23.0
42.4
17.6
68.2
10.5
3.4

232.1
6.0
34.0
22.0
24.1
43.2
17.7
70.4
10.8
3.3

238.9
6.3
34.3
22.4
25.8
45.1
18.0
71.8
11.4
3.2

1,078.3
82.6
177.7
131.4
53.6
157.0
114.1
278.3
66.5
11.8

1,122.7
85.0
185.6
137.7
57.2
168.5
117.6
286.9
67.1
12.2

1,172.1
87.5
193.5
145.6
58.5
180.9
121.7
297.4
69.6
12.6

573.4
29.0
72.0
77.4
40.3
76.6
63.2
144.8
52.8
12.8

570.6
28.8
71.8
77.9
39.7
76.3
63.4
143.4
52.4
12.7

569.2
28.7
71.4
78.1
38.9
76.4
63.8
142.7
52.0
13.0

30.1
16.4
1.9
3.1

31.4
17.0
1.9
3.2

31.4
16.7
2.0
3.2

188.3
100.1
10.1
20.6

190.9
101.1
10.4
20.6

194.7
104.4
10.8
20.9

166.5
60.9
18.6
24.6

171.5
62.3
19.1
24.4

177.2
64.1
19.6
25.0

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Ports mouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe




Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

1995

1996

1997

7,872.3
429.1
111.3
539.2
103.5
41.2
50.3
1,092.7
3,820.2
3,322.9
117.3
523.5
98.8
332.0
128.3
379.2

7,921.3
425.2
109.9
539.2
105.5
42.1
49.5
1,100.7
3,857.2
3,355.4
118.8
526.6
98.8
333.1
126.2
383.3

8,027.3
430.5
112.8
543.7
106.5
42.6
49.8
1,119.3
3,919.4
3,411.2
120.0
528.8
100.4
335.9
127.3
387.6

3,459.5
101.3
710.4
605.4
557.5

3,546.5
104.2
730.1
617.8
563.8

3,666.8
108.0
754.4
631.1
613.6

301.8
46.3
89.1
47.6

308.7
47.1
91.9
48.2

313.1
48.7
96.0
47.2

Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Coluniius
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
You ngstown-Warren

5,221.0
312.9
175.3
803.5
1,103.9
783.5
465.7
110.5
76.0
79.5
50.5
308.2
241.1

5,296.4
318.8
178.5
823.4
1,118.7
796.0
467.7
112.4
76.6
79.6
50.4
313.5
241.7

5,386.0
321.9
181.1
844.8
1,137.5
814.9
474.6
117.6
77.4
79.8
48.9
316.1
246.7

Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,316.1
23.5
36.7
476.5
350.2

1,353.5
23.7
37.5
492.1
360.6

1,387.4
24.6
37.1
499.2
372.9

1,418.4
129.5
63.5
839.6
124.5

1,474.6
133.1
65.6
879.0
128.4

1,524.9
137.2
68.2
918.2
131.7

5,253.1
257.6
56.4
127.4
336.2
87.0
203.2
2,186.7
676.1
1,051.0
158.4
271.3
46.0
64.1
52.3
159.8

5,306.2
259.0
56.7
127.5
342.9
87.2
206.3
2,218.2
673.5
1,059.5
160.4
271.7
46.7
65.6
52.3
161.1

5,398.3
265.4
58.0
128.7
350.4
87.5
213.1
2,257.5
668.6
1,071.1
165.0
274.8
47.2
67.2
53.1
163.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-HIgh Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Artoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




1995

1997

1996

4.8
.5

1995

254.4
14.1
3.7
20.6
4.1
1.4
2.0
45.6
114.1
91.4
4.2
16.4
3.4
12.5
3.0
17.4

263.9
14.8
3.8
20.2
4.2
1.6
1.9
48.8
117.5
93.8
4.3
17.0
3.6
12.8
3.4
18.2

4.0

174.6
5.4
39.2
26.9
28.4

188.7
5.7
43.3
29.0
X.4

204.3
5.9
46.5
31.1
34.3

4.2

13.6
2.5
4.9
2.2

14.9
2.5
5.2
2.3

14.6
2.5
5.3
2.6

13.4
.5
.5
.7
.9
.7
.4

213.9
12.5
8.1
36.9
41.9
32.8
16.7
6.3
3.5
2.5
1.6
14.8
9.5

223.8
12.8
8.4
39.3
44.2
35.0
17.2
7.0
3.7
2.5
1.6
14.9
9.9

O
O
( )

(M

(M

(M

.3
.7

(M

.3
.6

3.7

(M

.3
.4

< i
(M

(M

(M

3.8

<)

(M

(M
(M

(M

3.8

(M

(M

4.1

(M

(M

1997

251.3
14.7
4.0
20.0
4.0
1.4
2.2
43.8
112.1
90.2
4.1
16.3
3.2
12.9
3.2
17.0

4.4
.5

4.6
.5

<
)
(M

1996

.4
.2
.6

.4
.2
.5

205.0
11.7
8.0
35.8
40.7
31.2
16.2
6.1
3.3
2.6
1.6
13.0
9.2

31.7
1.0
.1
6.8
7.8

31.6
1.0
.1
7.0
7.7

31.7
1.2
.1
7.3
7.7

48.3
.9
1.3
17.9
13.5

50.3
1.0
1.4
18.6
14.2

50.5
1.0
1.1
18.6
14.7

1.7
.2
.1
.9
.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.0
.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3

68.7
5.9
2.7
44.5
6.3

77.6
6.6
2.9
51.1
6.9

81.7
7.3
3.3
54.2
7.6

20.3

199.6
9.9
2.5
4.3
12.7
4.6
11.2
77.7
10.4
47.9
6.5
10.2
1.4
2.3
2.1
7.6

202.8
10.1
2.5
4.4
12.7
4.5
11.6
80.1
10.4
47.4
6.7
10.2
1.5
2.5
2.3
7.8

213.7
10.4
2.5
4.4
12.9
4.5
12.2
87.8
11.3
49.5
7.2
10.4
1.5
2.3
2.2
8.3

13.8
.4
.6
.7
1.0
.7
.4

(I)

(M
(M

.4
.2
.6

13.6
.4
.7
.7
.9
.7
.4
(M
(M

19.4

19.5

(2)

O

(M

(M

(M
(M

(M

.4

(M

(M

.4

(J)

(M

3.6
(M

.6

(M

.4

.4

(M

4.1
(M

4.5
(M

.4

.5

(>

(M

(M

(M

(M

.4

.4

Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

Wholesale and retail trade

1997

1995

1996

1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

941.7
41.1
25.2
91.2
16.9
92
9.0
114.0
328.9
273.5
12.6
128.0
12.4
48.9
20.9
41.2

924.4
39.4
24.5
898
17.2
9.4
8.6
111.8
320.3
266.4
12.2
127.8
11.8
49.1
19.9
40.3

920.8
38.8
24.8
89.6
17.6
9.6
8.4
112.7
316.9
264.4
11.8
127.3
12.2
48.9
19.6
38.5

402.1
16.2
4.5
26.4
4.0
1.5
1.4
49.5
228.9
202.9
6.6
16.9
5.9
18.9
4.1
19.4

403.7
16.3
4.7
25.8
3.9
1.5
1.4
49.6
230.8
204.9
6.8
17.7
6.0
18.5
3.9
19.3

408.2
17.1
4.8
25.3
3.6
1.5
1.5
51.9
232.6
206.3
6.7
16.6
6.2
19.3
3.9
19.4

1,611.9
90.9
23.8
130.3
20.7
10.3
11.5
284.1
667.6
555.4
31.7
110.3
22.3
78.3
27.6
85.7

1,620.4
91.3
23.2
129.5
20.5
10.6
11.4
284.5
676.5
565.0
32.5
110.3
22.4
78.3
27.0
85.0

1,640.4
92.1
23.7
130.3
20.2
10.4
11.5
288.4
690.4
579.4
33.0
111.8
22.3
78.6
26.6
84.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

864.2
20.0
151.3
168.3
83.2

844.9
20.1
147.0
166.0
83.4

834.5
19.9
144.4
165.0
83.3

164.9
4.7
54.1
32.1
24.4

168.1
4.7
53.0
33.2
25.7

169.8
4.6
53.2
32.6
26.7

794.8
24.9
173.4
139.0
117.0

813.0
25.7
177.1
141.8
122.2

837.5
27.1
183.0
142.2
129.8

21.3
2.4
7.2
3.6

21.6
2.5
7.4
3.6

23.2
2.7
8.0
3.6

18.4
3.3
5.4
2.3

18.3
3.2
5.5
2.3

18.1
3.2
5.3
2.3

79.0
11.7
26.1
13.2

80.2
11.9
26.7
13.3

80.8
12.2
27.4
12.6

1,102.3
66.1
46.8
141.4
227.2
93.4
101.5
21.4
20.5
22.3
14.3
59.6
59.2

1,093.9
65.3
46.4
140.9
225.1
92.0
99.3
21.2
20.0
22.5
13.6
61.0
58.8

1,089.6
64.1
46.2
140.3
223.2
92.8
99.6
21.1
19.6
22.8
12.1
60.8
59.5

229.3
14.8
5.6
43.0
44.6
34.5
19.1
4.4
2.9
4.1
2.9
14.7
9.7

231.7
14.6
5.6
43.6
45.5
35.7
19.2
4.6
2.9
4.0
2.8
14.3
10.0

233.4
14.5
5.2
44.3
45.4
36.2
20.6
4.8
3.0
3.5
2.8
14.0
10.4

1,272.7
76.9
43.4
210.5
260.9
210.4
108.6
30.1
17.8
18.0
10.8
77.2
61.9

1,295.1
79.0
44.4
215.2
265.8
213.2
109.0
31.3
18.2
18.1
11.2
78.4
61.5

1,310.5
80.0
45.6
218.1
270.9
213.2
110.1
31.9
18.2
18.3
10.8
79.1
62.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

170.7
1.9
3.6
51.5
53.8

174.1
2.0
3.7
52.0
55.0

180.4
22
3.7
53.6
56.5

73.9
2.1
1.8
21.6
27.3

77.3
2.0
1.8
23.5
28.5

79.2
2.0
1.8
24.3
29.4

312.4
6.3
8.8
115.6
83.7

318.3
6.1
8.9
118.3
86.1

324.0
6.1
9.0
119.2
87.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

229.3
19.6
9.1
137.2
17.8

235.8
19.9
9.1
142.0
17.9

243.7
21.1
9.2
147.5
18.0

71.3
47
3.1
48.4
3.5

73.5
4.5
3.3
50.8
3.6

74.1
4.5
3.3
52.2
3.5

357.0
33.5
19.1
210.8
27.4

365.9
34.0
19.5
218.3
27.6

377.5
34.6
20.1
228.3
27.9

Pennsylvania
AHentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wiikes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

940.7
59.5
10.1
35.0
46.5
13.4
56.7
309.2
61.4
132.7
43.6
56.8
11.1
8.6
13.2
47.5

929 6
56.9
10.0
34.1
45.2
12.7
56.1
305.2
60.2
134.4
43.1
55.5
11.1
8.5
12.9
48.0

936.4
56.7
10.0
33.9
45.4
12.9
57.0
305.2
58.8
137.1
44.0
54.6
10.9
8.6
13.2
47.9

272.7
14.0
4.3
4.4
22.5
5.1
7.8
105.0
33.4
66.6
7.2
15.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
7.7

273.6
14.5
4.3
4.7
22.9
5.1
8.1
105.6
32.9
66.1
7.3
15.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
7.3

277.5
15.3
4.3
4.9
22.9
5.2
8.4
106.9
33.7
65.6
7.9
15.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
7.5

1,193.6
53.6
14.7
28.3
74.3
20.6
50.6
487.4
114.0
257.6
37.3
65.5
11.9
12.3
12.3
39.5

1,200.9
54.4
15.0
28.8
75.7
20.6
51.3
493.3
112.6
256.2
37.6
65.3
12.0
12.7
12.7
39.4

1,216.6
56.5
15.6
28.9
78.0
20.5
52.9
498.3
109.7
256.3
38.8
66.2
12.3
13.0
13.0
39.5

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamitton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirlon
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren




1995

1996

Government

Servkjes

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghanfiton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

723.9
25.9
3.9
27.9
4.1
1.4
2.1
79.6
505.5
473.4
5.4
23.4
5.0
18.4
7.8
26.1

717.9
25.5
3.8
28.1
4.4
1.4
2.2
78.6
501.0
468.5
5.4
22.9
5.0
18.1
7.7
26.3

719.8
25.4
3.8
29.1
4.6
1.3
2.1
78.9
504.1
471.4
5.5
21.4
4.9
18.0
7.7
26.4

2,540.1
130.8
28.5
155.6
31.5
10.3
14.5
342.3
1.350.6
1,183.6
30.3
150.5
29.9
94.6
35.5
131.3

2,612.8
129.5
28.8
158.3
32.8
10.5
14.2
352.2
1,400.3
1,226.7
31.0
153.4
30.8
96.9
36.8
136.6

2,696.0
133.2
30.4
162.6
33.7
10.7
14.6
361.1
1,450.5
1,270.7
31.5
157.2
31.8
98.0
38.5
141.8

1,396.6
109.1
21.4
87.9
22.2
7.3
9.6
179.2
626.5
543.6
26.5
77.4
20.1
59.8
29.2
58.5

1,383.2
108.7
21.1
87.2
22.5
7.3
9.7
178.5
614.3
532.2
26.8
77.6
19.4
59.6
27.9
58.4

1,373.9
108.6
21.5
86.6
22.5
7.4
9.8
177.5
607.5
525.0
27.2
77.2
19.4
60.2
27.6
58.8

North Carolina
Asheville
Chartotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salenv-High Point
Raleigh-DurhanvChapel Hill

144.6
3.0
46.0
29.7
26.2

155.3
3.1
50.2
31.2
27.9

166.4
3.2
53.5
32.6
29.3

762.2
28.6
165.7
145.6
162.6

811.4
29.8
175.4
151.9
177.7

871.2
31.8
185.1
161.2
189.7

550.6
14.6
80.7
63.8
115.7

561.4
15.1
84.1
64.8
116.5

579.1
15.5
88.8
66.2
120.6

13.8
2.2
5.4
1.5

14.3
2.3
5.7
1.6

14.8
2.3
6.0
1.6

80.9
14.3
26.1
12.6

84.3
15.0
27.4
13.2

86.9
15.6
29.5
12.3

71.1
9.9
14.0
12.1

70.8
9.8
14.0
12.0

70.5
10.3
14.5
12.3

270.3
12.2
5.8
50.1
69.4
64.7
16.8
4.4
2.1
2.9
1.6
10.6
9.4

278.0
12.6
5.8
52.5
71.8
67.0
17.7
4.4
2.1
2.9
1.4
10.7
9.3

286.5
12.9
6.0
52.7
74.1
71.2
18.0
6.4
2.1
2.7
1.4
10.9
9.4

1,378.9
84.9
46.6
221.2
317.8
214.9
129.9
25.1
19.3
19.2
12.8
87.2
61.0

1.417.8
87.7
48.3
232.5
324.6
221.4
133.1
25.4
19.7
19.2
13.0
87.9
61.9

1,469.0
89.8
49.7
249.5
334.5
229.1
137.1
26.5
20.4
19.4
13.4
89.8
63.6

748.7
46.1
18.7
100.8
142.2
133.6
73.1
19.0
10.2
10.2
6.2
45.8
30.1

752.3
46.7
19.4
101.2
143.0
133.3
72.4
19.3
10.2
10.4
6.3
46.2
30.1

759.9
47.3
19.6
100.0
144.4
136.7
71.4
20.0
10.4
10.5
6.4
46.6
31.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tuba

65.4
1.0
1.7
26.4
19.6

67.2
1.0
1.8
27.8
19.6

69.3
1.0
1.7
29.0
20.0

344.0
6.2
7.8
135.2
103.5

363.3
6.6
8.3
143.6
107.9

377.7
7.0
8.2
146.2
115.1

269.7
4.1
11.6
101.5
41.0

271.4
4.2
11.6
101.2
41.7

274.7
4.1
11.6
101.2
41.9

Oregon
Eugene-SpringfieW
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

87.2
6.8
3.0
60.2
6.5

91.0
7.1
3.1
63.6
6.5

95.1
7.3
3.1
66.7
6.6

362.9
34.6
16.2
227.5
29.0

382.6
36.1
17.3
238.6
30.1

400.5
37.1
18.6
252.4
31.1

240.2
24.3
10.2
110.1
33.9

246.6
25.0
10.3
113.6
35.7

250.4
25.0
10.4
115.9
36.7

303.6
13.6
1.9
5.6
23.5
4.3
8.8
154.5
55.5
60.3
9.0
13.4
1.5
1.8
2.3
5.0

308.7
13.5
2.0
5.6
25.0
4.4
9.0
154.6
53.4
62.1
9.0
13.6
1.5
2.0
2.3
5.1

313.2
13.2
1.9
5.4
25.8
4.2
9.4
157.3
53.8
61.9
8.6
14.0
1.5
2.0
2.1
5.1

1,604.3
77.4
14.9
34.9
86.1
25.3
49.6
749.5
273.0
358.4
36.2
75.5
12.7
13.2
13.5
36.9

1,651.4
79.6
14.9
35.1
90.6
26.1
51.6
777.4
276.9
365.9
38.0
76.8
13.1
13.7
14.1
37.2

1.707.4
82.7
15.7
36.0
96.0
26.5
54.5
806.6
281.6
370.6
39.8
79.1
13.5
14.1
14.4
38.7

719.2
29.6
8.0
14.9
70.6
13.7
18.1
303.4
128.4
123.9
18.6
34.3
5.4
24.0
7.1
15.2

719.8
29.9
8.0
15.0
70.9
13.8
18.3
302.0
127.3
123.3
18.7
34.8
5.5
24.1
6.1
16.0

713.2
30.5
8.0
15.3
69.2
13.8
18.3
295.4
119.7
125.5
18.7
34.9
5.5
25.2
6.1
16.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-SpringfieW
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




Total

Construct k}n

Mining

State and area
1995

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Mennphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma




1996

1997

440.1
495.3

441.6
497.9

449.3
505.5

1,646.1
209.0
264.4
440.2

1,675.2
212.1
273.0
448.0

1.722 2
221.8
281.7
458.9

343.5
45.2
96.0

348.7
45.6
98.9

353.6
46.3
102.2

2,499.0
217.1
194.7
313.8
534.7
595.4

2,533.4
219.6
196.5
314.2
545.5
609.4

2,582.3
221.8
200.7
317.2
556.3
627.0

8,022.5
52.6
91.0
516.6
150.8
71.5
92.0
63.7
145.7
1,597.0
235.1
654.8
87.1
1,766.4
92.1
55.5
83.6
107.6
123.4
95.8
41.0
619.9
40.6
49.2
71.9
33.0
91.9
56.8

8,256.1
53.7
91.9
540.9
151.2
71.9
94.0
64.9
150.6
1,663.3
236.8
679.7
87.1
1,813.7
94.5
56.6
85.0
109.8
126.9
97.7
42.0
636.4
42.0
50.2
73.5
33.8
92.6
58.1

8,601.7
55.2
92.9
565.6
156.4
73.5
97.6
67.9
154.3
1,760.4
243.8
705.5
87.7
1,891.6
97.2
60.2
88.1
113.0
135.3
103.2
43.5
662.9
43.6
51.1
76.7
35.3
95.2
59.4

907.7
123.1
611.8

954.5
129.9
643.0

995.2
135.4
670.1

270.0
30.1
93.6

274.9
30.4
96.8

278.5
30.1
98.2

3,069.7
37.3
75.7
44.4
96.1
6X.6
928 3
502.1
137.5

3,136.0
36.8
78.1
44.6
96.3
643.5
955.4
508.3
140.1

3,231.1
37.3
80.4
45.5
96.8
664.9
999.7
523.8
140.3

2,346.9
1,180.2
178.5
217.2

2,415.6
1,225.5
181.5
221.6

2.512.0
1.295.4
185.6
228.7

1995

1997

1996

0.2
.2
1.8
(M
(M
(M

13.4
14.9

13.9
15.5

14.5
16.3

1.8

1.9

87.1
12.8
13.1
26.9

94.3
14.0
14.3
28.4

100.1
16.0
15.5
30.0

2.2

14.1
2.9
4.6

14.7
2.9
4.6

15.1
3.0
4.7

4.5

108.9
8.7
9.5
17.9
21.9
27.5

113.1
9.4
10.4
16.7
23.5
29.6

116.4
9.9
11.1
15.5
24.3
31.1

409.0
2.2
4.3
24.7
13.5
8.5
2.9
2.4
11.2
66.7
10.4
28.4
5.5
119.7
4.0
2.2
3.6
4.1
5.8
5.1
1.8
30.6
1.7
2.3
2.4
2.0
4.1
2.2

435.4
2.1
4.4
27.8
12.6
8.8
3.0
2.7
12.5
74.7
10.9
32.6
5.2
125.8
3.8
2.2
3.8
4.1
6.4
5.5
1.8
31.9
1.8
2.3
2.7
2.0
4.2
2.2

457.8
2.3
4.8
29.6
14.6
9.2
3.4
2.9
12.0
82.3
11.8
34.7
4.6
127.4
4.1
2.1
4.4
4.2
7.0
5.6
1.9
34.4
2.1
2.1
2.9
2.4
4.5
2.3

54.8
9.0
35.4

60.4
9.5
39.2

64.5
9.2
43.1

.6

12.3
1.4
4.5

12.5
1.4
4.6

12.9
1.3
4.9

11.2

168.1
1.4
4.0
2.2
5.8
36.4
50.3
29.3
7.5

175.9
1.5
4.2
22
5.5
39.7
52.3
30.8
7.9

186.0
1.5
4.4
2.4
5.8
40.4
55.8
33.1
8.3

122.0
58.4
10.2
11.8

127.9
61.2
10.8
12.3

135.9
66.5
11.0
12.6

(M
(M
2.3
(M
4.6

4.6

(M

(M
.5

.5

.5

(M
(M

(M
(M

(M
(M

155.9
1.4
.8
1.1
.8
1.5
(M
.7
2.5
12.3
(M
4.4
.9
64.0
(M
2.6
3.2
.2
1.0
12.1
.5
1.8

156.3
1.4
.7
1.2
.7
1.3
(M
.7
2.4
11.8
(M
4.3
.8
64.6
(M
3.0
3.2
.1
1.0
11.9
.6
1.8

165.1
1.7
.6
1.2
.8
1.4
(M
.9
2.4
11.7
(M
4.3
.7
67.7
(M
3.2
3.3
.1
1.1
13.2
.7
1.9

(M

(M

(I)
(M

1.4
1.4

1.3
1.4
(M

1.2

3.0

(M

(M

( )

3.0

.6

.6

11.3

8.4
(M

(M
3.1

(M

1.1

7.9

8.1
(M

1.6
1.7
(M

(M
1.3

10.9

( )

( )

< >

^^

(M

(M
.6
.8

(M

(M

(M

(M

3.4
.7
(M

2

.7
.7

.6
.8

3.4
.7

1997

0.2
.2

(M

(M

1996

0.2
.2

(M
(M
(M
2.3

1995

3.5
.7
(M

.2

.2

1995

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

South Carolina
Charleston-Nortfi Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Tenple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma




1996

Whole!^ l e and retalii trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

84.9
107.0

82.1
104.5

79.8
102.2

14.8
17.0

15.1
17.5

15.4
17.4

97.3
114.6

97.0
114.3

98.4
115.5

377.2
20.3
26.6
128.0

366.0
20.6
25.6
125.1

362.4
21.3
25.7
122.8

71.7
11.0
12.0
18.0

73.7
11.1
12.6
20.0

75.4
12.0
12.8
20.5

384.9
53.2
60.7
107.9

397.5
54.0
63.0
112.2

413.5
55.3
65.4
116.5

46.6
44
13.0

47.8
4.2
13.4

49.4
4.5
13.9

16.0
2.0
6.1

16.3
1.9
6.3

16.2
1.9
6.4

87.4
13.7
25.5

87.7
13.9
25.7

88.0
13.8
25.9

538.9
45.1
54.9
49.3
64.2
99.8

519.3
43.2
53.8
48.2
63.0
96.5

516.7
42.7
52.5
48.8
63.3
96.3

138.6
8.2
7.6
13.4
56.8
32.2

145.2
10.0
7.9
14.0
60.6
31.2

149.6
11.8
7.9
14.3
61.2
31.0

585.5
51.9
43.8
81.4
138.4
143.1

594.4
52.7
44.2
82.3
138.7
147.2

609.0
53.2
45.3
83.7
140.8
151.6

1,032.8
3.3
9.6
68.7
23.8
16.5
13.1
3.6
13.6
230.5
46.5
105.4
8.1
188.7
9.9
1.6
18.1
7.7
13.3
6.6
5.4
48.8
10.2
5.8
12.6
3.1
16.8
8.0

1,056.2
3.1
9.5
73.1
24.4
16.5
12.6
3.6
13.5
237.4
44.6
106.6
8.0
199.2
9.8
1.4
18.3
7.5
13.1
6.9
5.3
49.6
10.5
6.1
11.4
3.1
16.6
8.2

1,081.2
3.2
9.3
75.7
24.7
16.6
12.3
4.0
13.3
245.2
43.5
109.2
8.0
209.2
9.2
1.5
18.8
7.6
13.2
7.5
5.3
50.1
10.6
6.0
11.0
3.2
16.5
8.4

475.7
2.7
5.8
16.2
8.8
2.9
4.0
1.4
6.7
103.8
12.7
62.7
4.4
123.2
3.3
8.3
3.9
5.6
4.4
4.1
2.4
29.0
1.6
2.2
3.2
1.5
3.7
2.8

490.2
2.7
5.6
17.6
8.2
2.8
4.2
1.3
6.5
110.4
12.9
63.6
4.2
125.8
3.4
8.7
3.9
5.8
4.5
4.1
2.2
30.3
1.6
2.2
3.4
1.5
3.8
2.9

513.7
2.4
5.5
18.7
8.1
2.7
4.4
1.4
6.4
120.0
13.4
64.9
4.3
132.9
3.5
10.0
4.0
5.7
4.7
4.2
2.3
30.5
1.6
2.2
3.7
1.5
3.7
3.0

1,944.2
14.0
25.6
110.0
35.1
13.8
23.8
14.1
34.6
403.1
56.6
167.7
18.9
414.0
21.8
16.0
21.0
31.1
35.2
25.7
10.2
154.1
9.3
12.8
18.2
9.1
21.1
13.3

1,986.3
14.4
25.9
115.7
35.4
13.9
23.6
14.4
35.1
414.5
56.4
172.9
18.8
422.5
22.4
15.6
21.4
31.4
35.3
26.6
10.3
157.3
9.5
13.0
18.9
9.3
21.2
13.6

2,046.2
14.4
26.1
121.4
35.9
14.6
23.7
14.7
35.9
429.0
57.6
179.0
19.3
435.1
22.7
16.3
22.1
31.9
37.6
27.4
10.2
161.0
9.7
13.3
19.6
9.3
21.9
13.7

124.2
17.5
78.4

129.5
18.7
81.6

132.9
19.7
82.2

51.5
2.3
40.0

53.9
2.3
42.2

56.2
2.3
44.2

219.7
27.3
151.0

230.1
29.1
157.6

238.7
30.5
163.1

45.1
3.5
16.9

45.9
3.5
17.8

46.5
3.4
17.9

11.9
1.0
4.5

12.2
1.1
4.6

12.2
1.1
4.7

63.9
6.3
22.0

64.6
6.6
22.0

65.0
6.8
22.1

402.9
10.9
7.7
16.2
26.0
66.9
39.7
60.6
19.8

400.0
10.2
8.1
15.8
25.8
67.5
40.7
60.2
19.8

403.8
9.8
8.1
15.5
25.3
68.3
43.2
61.3
19.3

156.7
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.7
30.4
55.9
26.0
8.7

162.2
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.6
31.6
57.6
26.5
8.6

167.5
1.3
2.3
1.0
3.6
32.1
60.3
27.0
8.6

699.5
9.8
15.5
9.2
21.4
150.7
208.3
119.7
35.9

712.6
9.9
16.0
9.6
21.3
152.4
211.9
120.7
37.1

724.3
10.1
16.4
9.8
20.7
156.3
215.1
124.0
36.2

332.4
187.9
21.6
22.6

344.7
196.9
22.0
24.0

369.4
218.1
22.7
25.6

119.6
72.3
8.3
9.9

124.9
74.6
8.1
10.0

133.2
77.7
7.8
9.6

580.1
287.8
45.3
55.5

591.0
294.6
46.2
54.8

607.2
304.6
47.1
57.0

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1995

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Gah/eston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma




1996

Services

1997

1995

1996

Government

1997

1995

1996

1997

24.8
26.8

25.3
27.2

26.5
28.6

143.5
151.3

1468
155.6

150.8
160.4

61.3
63.4

61.3
63.3

63.7
64.8

68.9
8.2
19.2
15.0

72.6
8.5
19.8
15.3

74.7
8.4
20.0
15.5

360.3
53.9
62.0
90.7

374.8
55.4
66.0
92.5

395.0
59.9
69.5
97.3

294.2
49.8
70.8
53.6

294.6
48.5
71.8
54.4

299.4
48.9
72.7
56.3

18.8
1.6
9.8

19.9
1.7
10.7

21.0
1.8
11.6

87.4
13.2
27.5

89.8
13.8
28.7

91.9
14.2
30.0

71.0
7.3
9.4

70.4
7.2
9.6

69.9
7.2
9.7

111.6
13.4
5.7
12.0
27.0
34.4

116.5
14.4
5.8
13.0
27.8
36.8

120.4
15.4
6.1
13.8
27.8
38.9

638.0
54.3
44.0
84.2
147.6
182.2

658.7
55.0
46.4
84.3
153.9
190.3

682.8
54.9
49.4
86.3
160.0
196.9

373.1
35.5
29.2
55.1
78.8
76.3

381.6
35.3
28.1
55.1
78.0
78.0

382.9
33.8
28.6
54.4
79.0
81.2

436.8
1.9
4.5
28.0
4.6
1.8
3.5
2.5
6.3
128.8
8.7
29.3
5.4
95.3
3.8
2.1
2.9
4.8
4.3
3.5
1.7
42.7
2.0
1.7
3.6
1.6
5.5
2.2

445.2
2.0
4.7
29.0
4.8
1.8
3.6
2.3
6.5
130.4
9.0
30.6
5.4
96.1
3.9
2.1
3.1
5.2
4.6
3.5
1.6
42.9
2.0
1.7
3.9
1.6
5.6
2.2

463.7
2.3
4.8
29.8
5.1
1.8
3.7
2.3
6.6
138.6
9.5
31.7
5.4
100.1
4.0
2.3
3.2
5.4
4.9
3.6
1.6
44.1
2.1
1.7
4.0
1.6
5.6
2.1

2,122.4
17.5
22.6
140.3
39.3
13.2
23.2
13.0
40.0
460.8
50.7
169.8
17.7
518.0
23.5
9.7
19.5
30.5
25.9
21.6
10.7
183.3
10.3
13.1
19.8
8.3
25.8
15.0

2,228.8
18.2
24.3
151.0
39.5
13.4
25.2
13.7
43.0
492.7
52.3
180.3
17.5
534.1
24.7
9.9
19.8
31.5
27.4
22.1
11.6
191.0
11.2
13.3
20.9
8.9
26.4
15.5

2,391.5
19.0
25.5
161.6
41.2
13.7
27.6
14.8
47.1
536.4
54.8
191.3
18.7
569.8
26.7
10.7
20.7
33.6
30.7
24.3
12.7
207.9
12.0
14.1
23.0
9.5
28.0
16.2

1,445.7
9.8
17.8
127.7
24.9
13.3
21.5
26.1
30.9
191.0
49.4
87.2
26.3
243.4
25.8
13.0
11.4
23.5
33.5
17.1
8.4
129.7
5.3
11.3
10.9
6.1
14.9
12.0

1,457.7
9.8
16.8
125.5
25.6
13.4
21.9
26.2
31.1
191.4
50.7
88.7
27.2
245.7
26.5
13.7
11.5
24.3
34.7
17.2
8.5
131.5
5.5
11.7
10.9
6.1
14.9
12.4

1,482.4
9.9
16.3
127.7
26.1
13.7
22.6
26.8
30.7
197.2
53.2
90.5
26.9
249.4
27.0
14.1
11.6
24.5
36.1
17.6
8.8
133.1
5.6
11.7
11.0
6.2
15.0
12.6

47.6
3.2
39.5

50.5
3.6
41.6

52.8
4.0
43.6

238.1
46.8
158.2

255.3
49.4
170.1

269.8
51.4
180.1

163.6
17.0
106.3

166.8
17.3
107.7

172.0
18.4
110.8

12.2
2.5
4.6

12.1
2.6
4.7

12.3
2.6
4.9

79.0
8.0
27.0

81.6
8.0
28.3

83.6
8.0
28.7

45.1
7.4
14.1

45.4
7.3
14.9

45.4
6.9
15.0

160.5
1.2
3.9
1.4
4.1
28.5
53.6
42.4
9.4

162.7
1.1
39
1.4
4.1
295
53.3
43.0
9.1

167.9
1.2
4.1
1.4
4.2
30.9
55.0
44.1
9.3

873.1
7.2
18.4
8.4
22.9
180.3
343.1
125.0
39.5

915.7
7.5
19.0
8.7
23.2
187.4
362.9
129.5
40.1

973.9
7.8
19.7
9.5
24.4
194.4
390.2
136.7
40.9

597.6
5.5
23.9
5.9
12.2
137.4
176.8
98.3
16.7

596.2
5.4
24.7
5.8
12.6
135.4
176.1
96.8
17.5

596.4
5.6
25.4
5.9
12.7
142.4
179.4
96.9
17.7

121.6
73.7
10.3
10.9

124.0
74.9
10.4
11.4

128.3
77.8
10.8
11.9

6235
327.5
53.1
59.7

649.1
347.6
54.1
62.3

677.0
372.1
55.8
64.6

444.4
172.0
29.7
46.5

450.6
175.1
30.0
46.7

457.5
178.0
30.5
47.3

Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
1996

Wost Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta.
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Apploton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beteit
Kenosha .
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha .
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper ..

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon .

Virgin Islands .
See footnotes at end of table.




1996

1997

687.8
125.4
118.0
67.0
63.2

698.6
127.8
119.4
68.3
64.0

708.5
130.7
120.2
69.4
65.5

2,558.5
185.3
66.8
127.3
67.3
48.9
66.4
255.2
804.0
79.1
58.1
60.6

2,600.5
189.1
68.9
130.9
67.4
49.1
67.2
261.4
812.9
79.4
57.7
61.8

2.652.5
192.8
72.1
134.0
69.0
50.3
68.0
267.0
827.2
80.9
58.0
64.4

219.4
29.5

221.1
29.4

223.8
30.0

927.3
59.6
68.2
73.0
579.3

970.6
63.5
69.1
75.3
608.4

978.0
66.4
69.0
76.7
611.1

42.1

41.3

41.3

1997

1996

1995

27.2
1.8
1.3
.4
1.4

25.8
2.0
1.3
.4
1.5

(M

(M

O
(M
(2)
(M

1997

32.9
6.9
5.5
3.9
2.2

34.4
6.9
6.0
4.3
2.3

34.9
7.0
5.8
4.5
2.4

2.5

99.0
9.5
2.6
6.3
2.7
2.2
2.4
10.9
28.1
2.8
2.2
Z5

104.4
10.6
2.8
6.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
11.7
28.8
2.9
2.3
2.7

108.7
10.6
2.9
6.6
2.8
2.1
2.7
12.4
30.3
3.2
2.4
2.9

(I)

( )

<
( ))

^^

(M

< )
O

(M
(2)
(M

(M
(2)
(M

1996

24.5
1.9
1.5
.3
1.6

2.5

2.5
(M
(M

1995

17.0
1.9

15.9
1.8

16.7
2.0

14.2
1.7

14.2
1.6

15.1
1.7

1.0

1.1

1.1

48.4
2.4
3.3
4.2
34.5

54.7
2.6
3.6
4.7
38.4

56.1
3.1
4.0
4.8
38.6

1.4

2.5

1.9

O

<
)
(M

(M

.5
(M

(M
.6

(M

.6
(M

Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.




1996

1997

1995

1996

Wholesale and retail trade

1997

1995

1996

1997

82.4
9.9
18.3
13.1
8.5

81.9
9.8
17.5
13.4
6.2

81.8
10.1
17.1
13.2
5.9

40.2
9.2
7.1
2.7
3.4

39.3
9.2
7.0
2.7
3.1

38.8
9.4
6.7
2.6
2.8

158.0
31.2
30.7
17.0
15.7

160.3
31.4
31.5
17.3
16.2

162.1
31.2
31.5
17.3
17.0

601.6
58.9
10.9
27.7
21.1
10.8
11.3
28.8
176.7
25.2
24.5
17.1

601.1
59.0
11.2
27.8
21.1
11.1
11.4
29.0
174.8
25.2
23.5
17.3

609.4
59.0
12.3
28.3
21.4
11.2
11.6
29.6
176.1
25.4
23.9
18.3

120.1
7.2
3.6
9.0
2.4
1.8
3.0
8.5
38.8
2.9
1.9
3.6

121.9
7.2
3.5
9.4
2.4
1.8
3.0
8.8
39.1
2.8
1.8
3.4

122.8
7.3
3.5
9.7
2.5
2.0
2.9
9.3
39.4
2.4
1.7
3.4

588.2
39.0
18.6
30.0
15.5
13.8
19.4
56.9
176.2
16.3
10.7
14.7

595.7
39.8
19.1
30.6
15.7
12.7
19.0
57.0
178.0
16.3
10.7
15.0

604.5
40.9
19.9
31.5
16.0
12.3
18.2
57.2
179.7
16.4
10.7
15.8

9.7
1.6

10.8
1.5

10.8
1.5

13.7
1.5

13.9
1.5

13.9
1.7

51.6
8.4

52.2
8.5

52.5
8.4

153.7
14.9
19.4
11.3
70.4

153.3
15.6
19.4
10.8
70.9

150.2
15.9
18.0
10.5
69.1

23.0
.8
.7
2.1
17.4

24.6
.7
.7
2.3
18.7

26.2
.7
.7
2.4
20.5

184.4
13.2
11.2
13.5
121.2

193.0
13.8
11.4
13.1
128.8

197.4
14.8
11.8
13.3
130.4

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.3

2.4

9.9

9.3

9.3

1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-M arietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Aooleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casoer
waspwi

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bavamon

Virgin isiands
^ Combined with construction.
2 Not available.




Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

26.9
6.9
3.8
2.4
2.8

27.3
7.1
3.8
2.5
2.7

28.2
7.5
3.8
2.6
2.9

183.8
36.7
30.8
17.0
21.0

191.0
38.4
31.6
17.2
21.7

198.9
40.0
33.2
18.9
22.7

136.4
22.8
20.5
10.5
10.2

138.7
23.2
20.7
10.6
10.3

139.4
23.7
20.6
10.1
10.2

136.5
9.2
2.4
9.3
1.9
1.6
2.4
20.4
56.1
2.3
2.2
4.5

138.0
9.2
2.4
9.9
1.8
1.6
2.5
20.5
56.4
2.3
2.2
4.6

140.3
9.5
2.5
9.4
1.9
1.7
2.4
21.2
57.8
2.3
2.1
4.7

632.0
40.3
17.0
29.9
15.5
11.6
18.5
61.3
238.5
20.3
10.5
11.3

653.5
41.5
18.1
31.2
15.4
12.2
19.1
64.8
246.8
20.4
11.1
11.6

677.8
43.5
19.3
32.8
15.9
13.1
20.3
67.5
255.3
22.0
11.0
12.0

378.7
21.1
11.7
15.1
8.2
7.1
9.5
68.4
89.7
9.3
6.1
6.9

383.5
21.7
11.7
15.6
8.3
7.5
9.7
69.6
89.0
9.4
6.2
7.1

386.4
22.0
11.8
15.8
8.5
8.0
9.8
70.0
88.8
9.3
6.2
7.3

7.9
1.1

7.9
1.2

8.2
1.2

47.5
7.9

48.2
7.9

48.9
8.2

57.8
5.5

58.1
5.3

57.8
5.3

42.9
1.7
2.1
22
33.4

44.6
1.6
2.0
2.2
35.0

46.4
1.7
2.0
2.3
36.5

169.3
10.3
11.0
14.3
116.6

182.8
11.0
10.3
15.1
1265

191.5
11.9
11.1
16.6
129.3

304.6
16.3
20.5
25.5
185.3

316.5
18.1
21.8
27.1
189.6

309.2
18.5
21.4
26.9
186.3

1.9

1.8

1.9

10.2

9.0

10.0

13.6

14.1

13.6

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

41.6
42.7
42.8

41.7
42.4
43.8

41.9
43.4
43.2

$11.14
12.03
13.05

$11.55
12.46
13.60

$11.85
12.66
14.05

$463.42
513.68
558.54

$481.64
528.30
595.68

$496.52
549.44
606.96

Alaska

47.8

46.5

46.7

11.00

11.14

11.78

525.80

518.01

550.13

Arizona

42.5

42.8

41.3

11.16

11.49

11.68

474.30

491.77

482.38

Arkansas

41.0
40.6
41.6
41.4
41.5

41.5
40.5
41.9
41.9
42.5

41.4
40.9
41.5
41.7
41.7

10.05
9.73
9.88
10.53
11.69

10.41
9.80
10.32
11.14
11.89

10.78
10.39
10.75
11.68
12.49

412.05
395.04
411.01
435.94
485.14

432.02
396.90
432.41
466.77
505.33

446.29
424.95
446.13
487.06
520.83

41.2
40.6
41.5
42.0
41.1
42.0
42.0
40.9
40.7
38.9
39.9
401
41.6
40.9
39.6
42.5
40.0
41.1

41.5
41.1
41.2
42.0
40.9
42.3
42.1
41.4
40.7
392
39.6
40.8
41.3
41.5
39.4
42.5
41.3
41.8

41.9
41.2
41.0
42.4
41.6
42.2
42.8
41.8
41.0
37.5
40.1
40.8
42.0
41.3
40.0
42.9
41.7
42.2

12.55
13.18
10.89
11.86
12.45
15.27
12.45
11.34
13.64
13.35
12.49
13.67
15.38
12.66
14.18
12.61
14.89
12.13

12.84
13.48
11.18
12.05
12.71
15.38
12.75
11.53
13.82
13.48
12.78
13.85
15.82
13.06
14.41
12.92
14.66
12.35

13.22
13.65
11.72
12.42
13.42
15.59
12.79
11.79
14.18
13.78
13.25
14.34
16.42
13.59
14.74
13.24
15.28
12.44

517.06
535.11
451.94
498.12
511.70
641.34
522.90
463.81
555.15
519.32
498.35
548.17
639.81
517.79
561.53
535.93
595.60
498.54

532.86
554.03
460.62
506.10
519.84
650.57
538.78
477.34
562.47
528.42
506.09
565.08
653.37
541.99
567.75
549.10
605.46
516.23

553.92
562.38
480.52
526.61
558.27
657.90
547.41
492.82
581.38
516.75
531.33
585.07
689.64
561.27
589.60
568.00
637.18
524.97

41.0
41.2

41.2
41.1

41.8
41.3

12.51
12.61

12.83
12.81

13.33
13.10

512.91
519.53

528.60
526.49

557.19
541.03

42.8
42.8
43.6
43.1
41.0
43.6
41.2
43.6

42.5
42.3
45.6
42.6
41.2
42.3
40.8
43.4

42.6
42.7
43.6
43.1
42.5
42.4
40.8
43.9

13.71
14.13
13.39
14.05
13.04
14.24
13.54
12.65

14.01
14.60
14.46
14.68
13.46
14.58
14.04
13.09

14.45
14.99
14.85
15.34
14.36
14.92
13.79
13.51

586.79
604.76
583.80
605.56
534.64
620.86
557.85
551.54

595.43
617.58
659.38
625.37
554.55
616.73
572.83
568.11

615.57
640.07
647.46
661.15
610.30
632.61
562.63
593.09

41.0
39.6
42.3

40.5
39.7
41.7

41.9
40.4
43.1

14.20
12.66
16.79

14.02
12.75
16.95

14.81
13.34
17.78

582.20
501.34
710.22

567.81
506.18
706.82

620.54
538.94
766.32

39.5

38.5

39.4

13.66

13.68

14.05

539.57

526.68

553.57

41.4

41.5

41.8

10.18

10.55

10.95

421.45

437.83

457.71

42.3
42.8
468

42.3
42.6
48.2

42.4
42.8
48.3

10.71
11.78
13.83

11.19
12.01
14.00

11.64
12.62
14.12

453.03
504.18
647.24

473.34
511.63
674.80

493.54
540.14
682.00

37.5
38.8

38.1
39.3

37.9
39.5

12.82
13.25

12.79
12.98

13.08
13.01

480.75
514.10

487.30
510.11

495.73
513.90

Idaho

39.3

39.5

40.1

11.46

12.15

12.46

450.38

479.93

499.65

Illinois

41.7
43.3
41.6
41.9
41.8
42.4
41.5
40.6
42.0
40.9

41.7
42.3
41.0
41.8
41.7
41.8
40.9
41.4
42.1
41.0

42.2
41.3
41.5
42.1
42.6
42.8
41.5
42.6
42.7
41.6

12.64
17.18
10.66
12.55
14.39
15.00
13.49
15.36
14.33
11.71

13.03
17.49
10.77
12.95
14.91
15.98
14.05
16.31
14.83
11.69

13.35
17.54
10.98
13.25
15.41
16.57
14.74
16.52
14.97
12.00

527.09
743.89
443.46
525.85
601.50
636.00
559.84
623.62
601.86
478.94

543.35
739.83
441.57
541.31
621.75
667.96
574.65
675.23
624.34
479.29

563.37
724.40
455.67
557.83
656.47
709.20
611.71
703.75
639.22
499.20

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Callfomla
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-FairfieW-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield




2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued

Indiena
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
M uncle
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Average weekly eairnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

42.2
38.3
39.0
42.2
41.4
40.8
42.7
48.7
43.0
43.5
42.2
43.4

42.8
40.0
39.7
42.3
41.7
42.4
44.2
51.4
43.5
43.2
42.7
42.8

43.2
41.5
39.5
43.4
41.7
42 5
44.2
49.0
42.9
44.5
41.7
43.2

$13.91
11.23
11.60
13.25
14.17
18.20
15.30
18.97
14.63
15.17
12.77
13.73

$14.33
11.45
12.17
13.35
14.50
18.64
15.69
18.95
14.81
14.73
12.38
14.02

$14.80
12.53
12.29
14.58
14.72
18.56
15.67
19.67
15.31
14.71
12.79
14.65

$587.00
430.11
452.40
559.15
586.64
742.56
653.31
923.84
629.09
659.90
538.89
595.88

$613.32
458.00
483.15
564.71
604.65
790.34
693.50
974.03
644.24
636.34
528.63
600.06

$639.36
520.00
485.46
632.77
613.82
788.80
692.61
963.83
656.80
654.60
533.34
632.88

41.9
40.1
41.4
41.3
40.9

42.0
42.0
41.5
41.7
39.7

42.6
43.0
43.2
41.8
39.3

12.73
16.06
13.39
13.32
10.60

13.13
15.88
13.70
14.39
10.67

13.57
16.55
13.62
14.94
11.35

533.39
644.01
554.35
550.12
433.54

551.46
666.96
568.55
600.06
423.60

578.08
711.65
588.38
624.49
446.06

41.1
40.2
40.4

42.4
41.8
44.6

42.3
41.1
43.6

12.39
14.48
13.83

12.88
14.04
14.91

13.46
14.93
15.77

509.23
582.10
558.73

546.11
586.87
664.99

569.36
613.62
687.57

41.3
42.6
42.1

41.1
42.0
41.5

41.8
43.0
41.9

12.22
13.41
13.88

12.70
13.65
14.10

13.17
13.97
14.71

504.69
571.27
584.35

521.97
573.30
585.15

550.51
600.71
616.35

43.2
44.2
43.7
42.5

44.2
43.4
44.3
42.5

44.1
43.0
44.4
42.8

13.43
15.94
14.04
13.91

13.65
16.01
14.23
13.81

14.16
16.42
14.29
13.86

580.18
704.55
613.55
591.18

603.33
694.83
630.39
586.93

624.46
706.06
634.48
593.21

39.8
38.5
38.2

39.9
39.2
38.4

40.6
41.8
37.6

12.39
10.12
11.05

12.71
11.13
11.22

13.10
11.30
11.10

493.12
389.62
422.11

507.13
436.30
430.85

531.86
472.34
417.36

41.5
41.8

41.0
41.5

41.6
41.9

13.49
14.10

13.73
14.51

14.14
14.75

559.84
589.38

562.93
602.17

588.22
618.03

41.7
41.1
41.4
41.9

41.8
41.6
41.8
42.0

42.3
41.8
42.1
43.2

12.79
13.64
12.45
12.33

13.05
14.06
12.51
12.89

13.42
14.51
12.97
13.49

533.34
560.60
515.43
516.63

545.49
584.90
522.92
541.38

567.67
606.52
546.04
582.77

44.3
44.2
45.3
480
41.9
42.1
43.3
44.9
46.8

43.9
45.3
45.2
46.0
41.8
40.9
43.4
44.1
47.2

44.4
45.8
45.6
46.5
42.2
41.8
44.9
43.9
47.6

16.31
16.66
17.61
21.60
13.77
12.27
15.04
17.65
18.50

16.67
17.30
18.32
21.51
14.29
12.67
15.52
17.79
19.52

17.17
18.04
18.72
22.89
14.56
13.08
15.37
18.57
20.65

722.53
736.37
797.73
1036.80
576.96
516.57
651.23
792.48
865.80

731.81
783.69
828.06
989.46
597.32
518.20
673.57
784.54
921.34

762.35
826.23
853.63
1064.38
614.43
546.74
690.11
815.22
982.94

41.5
41.4
41.6
40.9

41.4
40.4
41.5
41.5

41.5
40.1
41.6
42.8

12.79
11.62
13.70
12.17

13.16
11.51
14.08
12.16

13.62
12.23
14.50
12.65

530.79
481.07
569.92
497.75

544.82
465.00
584.32
504.64

565.23
490.42
603.20
541.42

41.0
40.8

41.3
41.8

41.5
41.6

9.76
10.66

10.18
11.40

10.41
12.04

400.16
434.93

420.43
476.52

432.02
500.86

41.3
42.8
42.6
40.4

41.5
43.4
42.7
40.3

41.6
43.7
43.0
40.0

12.17
14.07
14.61
10.20

12.57
14.30
15.12
10.70

12.99
14.26
15.21
11.02

502.62
602.20
622.39
412.08

521.66
620.62
645.62
431.21

540.38
623.16
654.03
440.80

Montana

39.4

39.1

39.9

12.94

13.00

13.28

509.84

508.30

529.87

Nebraska

41.5
41.4
41.6

41.6
43.6
41.6

41.3
45.6
41.8

11.19
12.63
11.97

11.51
13.12
12.65

12.09
13.62
13.41

464.39
522.88
497.95

478.82
572.03
526.24

499.32
621.07
560.54

41.4
40.6

41.6
39.9

42.9
40.2

12.62
14.28

13.59
14.25

14.15
15.25

522.47
579.77

565.34
568.58

607.04
613.05

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas




2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

41.6
42.3
41.2
39.3

41.8
41.5
41.6
41.3

42.0
41.4
41.2
41.6

$11.94
11.82
14.69
12.06

$12.23
12.80
14.87
11.92

$12.54
13.57
14.78
11.70

$496.70
499.99
605.23
473.96

$511.21
531.20
618.59
492.30

$526.68
561.80
608.94
486.72

New Jersey

41.8

41.8

42.1

13.56

13.85

14.21

566.81

578.93

598.24

New Mexico

39.9
40.5

40.2
40.5

39.8
39.8

10.68
11.05

10.99
11.43

11.74
13.56

426.13
447.53

441.80
462.92

467.25
539.69

40.9
40.4
41.2
43.5
40.1
42.6
39.5
38.4
37.9
40.6
42.8
43.7
43.0
40.2
40.9

40.8
40.6
41.3
43.1
37.2
42.1
39.5
38.5
38.3
39.6
43.1
42.4
43.3
39.8
40.3

41.2
41.9
40.4
43.2
38.8
41.6
40.3
38.8
38.5
41.0
43.2
42.3
42.9
40.4
40.4

12.50
14.01
10.20
15.89
11.33
11.56
11.59
11.29
10.98
10.79
14.20
14.53
13.45
11.19
12.57

12.78
14.09
10.27
16.45
11.65
11.94
11.84
11.59
11.34
11.39
14.23
15.14
13.90
12.20
11.96

13.19
14.64
10.41
16.65
12.11
12.20
12.20
11.99
11.75
11.41
14.85
15.79
14.30
11.55
12.48

511.25
566.00
420.24
691.22
454.32
492.46
457.81
433.54
416.14
438.07
607.76
634.96
578.35
449.84
514.11

521.42
572.05
424.15
709.00
433.38
502.67
467.68
446.22
434.32
451.04
613.31
641.94
601.87
485.56
481.99

543.43
613.42
420.56
719.28
469.87
507.52
491.66
465.21
452.38
467.81
641.52
667.92
613.47
466.62
504.19

40.6
41.0
40.5
40.0
41.4

40.4
40.9
40.4
39.9
41.5

41.2
42.1
41.2
40.6
41.8

10.56
10.05
11.22
10.96
11.36

10.97
10.53
11.78
11.25
11.91

11.41
11.03
12.34
11.69
1^43

428.74
412.05
454.41
438.40
470.30

443.19
430.68
475.91
448.88
494.27

470.09
464.36
508.41
474.61
519.57

40.7
40.9

42.2
42.0

40.5
40.5

10.75
10.29

10.95
10.96

11.31
11.22

437.53
420.86

462.09
460.32

458.06
454.41

43.4
43.0
41.3
43.6
43.6
42.5
44.9
44.9
44.2
43.7
44.0
44.6
44.0

43.3
42.6
40.8
43.0
43.2
42.1
44.5
45.8
43.0
43.4
43.3
44.8
43.1

43.6
42.9
41.8
43.6
43.8
42.6
44.7
45.8
43.8
43.6
42.1
44.5
43.1

14.42
11.88
12.89
13.78
14.24
13.27
15.93
16.02
15.66
14.85
16.77
16.20
15.78

14.70
12.29
13.17
14.26
14.67
13.65
15.73
16.33
15.45
15.53
16.51
16.47
15.87

15.30
12.73
13.62
14.64
15.05
14.32
16.48
16.85
16.24
15.96
16.16
16.59
17.32

625.83
510.84
532.36
600.81
620.86
563.98
715.26
719.30
692.17
648.95
737.88
722.52
694.32

636.51
523.55
537.34
613.18
633.74
574.67
699.99
747.91
664.35
674.00
714.88
737.86
684.00

667.08
546.12
569.32
638.30
659.19
610.03
736.66
771.73
711.31
695.86
680.34
738.26
746.49

41.9
42.8
41.9

42.0
43.3
41.8

42.4
43.8
42.3

11.52
12.47
12.15

11.78
13.12
12.53

12.36
13.79
1281

482.69
533.72
509.09

494.76
568.10
523.75

524.06
604.00
541.86

40.1
40.2
40.6
40.6
38.5

40.2
40.0
40.2
40.5
38.5

40.9
39.7
39.8
41.7
39.7

12.75
12.58
11.91
12.85
10.92

13.01
12.87
11.93
13.17
11.54

13.38
12.79
12.39
13.44
11.72

511.28
505.72
483.55
521.71
420.42

523.00
514.80
479.59
533.39
444.29

547.24
507.76
493.12
560.45
465.28

41.3
40.5
40.4
43.0
40.0
39.7
40.3
41.0
42.7
41.9
39.8
43.1
41.7
40.9
41.4

41.2
41.2
39.7
43.5
39.0
39.6
39.9
40.8
42.8
41.6
39.8
42.9
42.0
41.0
41.1

42.0
42.2
40.8
44.2
39.9
39.6
40.6
41.7
429
42.2
41.3
43.3
42.4
41.3
42.3

12.81
12.49
10.69
13.12
12.19
9.58
12.67
13.97
13.98
13.38
11.50
13.60
11.02
10.90
12.61

13.40
13.40
11.21
13.65
12.80
9.99
12.95
14.46
14.51
14.48
11.98
14.11
11.40
11.04
13.40

13.78
13.92
11.59
13.97
13.20
10.16
12.75
14.90
14.72
15.05
12.40
14.69
11.86
11.04
14.08

529.05
505.85
431.88
564.16
487.60
380.33
510.60
572.77
596.95
560.62
457.70
586.16
459.53
445.81
522.05

552.08
552.08
445.04
593.78
499.20
395.60
516.71
589.97
621.03
602.37
476.80
605.32
478.80
452.64
550.74

578.76
587.42
472.87
617.47
526.68
402.34
517.65
621.33
631.49
635.11
512.12
636.08
502.86
455.95
595.58

New HampsMre
Manchester
Nashua
Portsnnouth-Rochester

Albuquerque

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
state and area
1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

1995

1996

1997

40.5
40.1

40.0
40.2

40.8
41.5

$10.62
10.74

$10.95
11.03

$11.31
11.47

$430.11
430.67

$438.00
443.41

$461.45
476.01

South Carolina

41.9

41.8

42.2

10.16

10.25

10.34

425.70

428.45

436.35

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

41.8
41.1
43.0

41.5
40.3
41.9

41.9
40.8
42.0

9.36
9.37
9.84

9.59
9.55
9.95

9.96
9.78
10.35

391.25
385.11
423.12

397.99
384.87
416.91

417.32
399.02
434.70

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

40.4
39.5
39.1
39.1
39.9
40.8

40.6
41.5
39.6
40.1
41.8
40.7

41.2
42.3
39.6
40.7
41.8
41.2

10.78
10.74
11.19
10.88
11.29
11.46

11.30
10.77
11.98
10.93
11.71
11.90

11.71
10.77
12.61
11.29
12.22
12.69

435.51
424.23
437.53
425.41
450.47
467.57

458.78
446.96
474.41
438.29
489.48
484.33

482.45
455.57
499.36
459.50
510.80
522.83

42.8
43.3
42.5
44.3
41.9

43.0
43.8
42.8
44.7
41.4

43.5
43.5
43.6
45.8
41.2

11.47
11.16
12.32
13.98
9.36

11.81
11.59
12.44
13.96
9.49

12.03
12.12
12.77
14.02
9.71

490.92
483.23
523.60
619.31
392.18

507.83
507.64
532.43
624.01
392.89

523.31
527.22
556.77
642.12
400.05

39.8
40.7

40.3
40.2

40.2
40.0

11.62
11.98

12.21
12.26

12.85
12.69

462.48
487.59

492.06
492.85

516.57
507.60

40.5
40.5

40.5
43.4

40.7
44.1

12.21
12.33

12.42
12.67

12.70
13.23

494.51
499.37

503.01
549.88

516.89
583.44

41.6
41.2
41.1
42.4
39.4
41.1
43.9
41.6

41.5
41.4
41.6
41.5
40.0
40.2
43.4
39.3

42.2
40.9
43.5
43.7
42.5
41.1
42.7
40.2

11.72
10.02
10.15
11.28
11.38
12.40
15.04
12.91

12.19
10.14
10.12
11.59
11.87
12.36
15.93
13.24

12.51
10.62
10.13
12.49
12.24
12.71
15.81
14.15

487.55
412.82
417.17
478.27
448.37
509.64
660.26
537.06

505.89
419.80
420.99
480.99
474.80
496.87
691.36
520.33

527.92
434.36
440.66
545.81
520.20
522.38
675.09
568.83

Washington

40.8

40.8

40.6

14.73

14.73

15.16

600.98

600.98

615.50

West Virginia

41.8
46.8
42.1
43.9
40.3

41.2
46.8
41.0
42.9
40.5

41.7
46.8
42.9
43.8
40.5

12.64
14.16
14.39
15.64
15.27

12.96
14.15
14.40
16.25
15.51

13.18
14.67
14.70
16.87
15.21

528.35
662.69
605.82
686.60
615.38

533.95
662.22
590.40
697.13
628.16

549.61
686.56
630.63
738.91
616.01

42.1
43.6
46.8
43.3
46.1
40.4
40.0
40.4
41.9
39.6
42.2
44.0

42.2
44.3
46.5
42.4
45.4
39.6
40.9
41.1
41.8
41.7
43.3
42.9

42.4
44.2
42.2
42.2
45.3
39.4
42.2
41.5
42.0
42.7
42.7
43.3

12.76
13.89
13.05
13.72
16.77
13.58
10.82
12.03
13.93
12.97
12.58
12.11

13.14
14.21
13.02
14.33
16.80
14.06
11.24
12.42
14.22
13.68
12.93
12.72

13.66
14.84
12.73
14.87
17.23
14.82
11.82
12.71
14.92
14.11
12.96
13.21

537.20
605.60
610.74
594.08
773.10
548.63
432.80
486.01
583.67
513.61
530.88
532.84

554.51
629.50
605.43
607.59
762.72
556.78
459.72
510.46
594.40
570.46
559.87
545.69

579.18
655.93
537.21
627.51
780.52
583.91
498.80
527.47
626.64
602.50
553.39
571.99

Wyoming

39.4

40.1

40.3

11.96

13.17

14.56

471.22

528.12

586.77

Puerto Rico

39.6

38.6

39.7

7.41

7.70

8.05

293.44

297.22

319.59

Virgin Islands

41.7

41.5

42.7

15.82

17.00

18.09

659.69

705.50

772.44

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Veimont
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

f Not available.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

3. Labor force status by census region and division
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

State and area

Northosst
New England
Middle Atlantic

South
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central

Midwest
East North Central
West North Central

West
Mountain
Pacific

1994

1995

1996

1997

1994

1995

1996

1997

1994

1995

1996

1997

25,414.2

25,365.7

25,647.7

26,102.3

1,640.7

1,516.0

1,442.1

1,404.9

6.5

6.0

5.6

5.4

6,963.7
18,450.5

6,954.7
18,410.9

7,003.8
18,643.9

7,117.8
18,984.5

411.7
1,229.0

373.4
1,142.6

335.6
1,106.5

314.0
1,090.9

5.9
6.7

5.4
6.2

4.8
5.9

4.4
5.7

45.262.8

45,807.2

46,458.0

47,198.0

2,669.3

2,494.5

2,432.5

2,326.3

5.9

5.4

5.2

4.9

23,391.1
7,770.0
14,101.7

23,612.3
7,887.7
14,307.2

23,964.5
7,968.3
14,525.1

24,406.2
8,076.0
14,715.8

1,322.1
430.5
916.7

1,203.4
447.3
843.8

1,189.3
431.1
812.1

1,108.4
432.7
785.1

5.7
5.5
6.5

5.1
5.7
5.9

5.0
5.4
5.6

4.5
5.4
5.3

31,907.8

32.376.0

32,723.7

32,950.2

1,623.1

1,478.3

1,475.7

1,332.1

5.1

4.6

4.5

4.0

22,142.1
9,765.7

22,429.9
9,946.1

22,629.3
10,094.4

22,848.0
10,102.2

1,209.7
413.4

1,086.8
391.5

1,068.9
406.8

976.6
355.4

5.5
4.2

4.8
3.9

4.7
4.0

4.3
3.5

28,530.3

28,905.4

29,345.5

30,005.3

2,064.9

1,921.6

1,899.1

1,674.1

7.2

6.6

6.5

5.6

7,831.4
20,698.8

8,151.0
20,754.3

8,273.9
21,071.6

8,405.5
21,599.8

414.4
1,650.6

397.1
1,524.5

423.9
1,475.2

361.7
1,312.3

5.3
8.0

4.9
7.3

5.1
7.0

4.3
6.1

NOTE: These estimates are obtained by summing the State
estimates. The States (including the District of Columbia) that
compose the various census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and
Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,




Percent of labor force

and Tennessee; West South Central: Aricansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan.
Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas. Minnesota.
Missouri. Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:
Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and
Washington.

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian latx)r force

Percent of labor force3

Nuniber

State and area
1994

1995

1996

1997

1994

1995

1996

1997

1994

1995

1996

1997

2,028.5
305.1
2,013.0
1,207.5
15,450.0
2,001.5
1,737.3
382.3
299.5
6,810.5

2,068.7
303.0
2,190.7
1,219.6
15,412.2
2,087.5
1,711.1
382.0
284.1
6,850.8

2,096.7
313.0
2,204.8
1,231.8
15,568.6
2,099.0
1,721.2
381.0
270.3
6,953.8

2,174.1
316.0
2,165.5
1,210.9
15,971.8
2,158.2
1,723.3
379.7
257.0
7,106.1

121.8
23.7
128.0
64.6
1,327.9
84.4
96.8
18.6
24.5
447.1

129.9
22.2
111.2
59.2
1,209.4
87.5
94.3
16.6
25.3
376.1

107.5
24.5
121.5
66.4
1,124.2
88.7
98.9
19.7
23.0
352.7

110.2
24.9
100.6
64.1
1,006.3
70.4
87.9
15,3
20.4
337.9

6.0
7.8
6.4
5.3
8.6
4.2
5.6
4.9
8.2
6.6

6.3
7.3
5.1
4.9
7.8
4.2
5.5
4.3
8.9
5.5

5.1
7.8
5.5
5.4
7.2
4.2
5.7
5.2
8.5
5.1

5.1
7.9
4.6
5.3
6.3
3.3
5.1
4.0
7.9
4.8

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

3.577.5
580.2
591.5
5,990.7
3,048.9
1,566.2
1,329.9
1,824.2
1,941.3
614.2

3,617.2
576.4
600.5
6,061.1
3,126.0
1,559.5
1,338.1
1,861.3
1,952.8
639.9

3,740.9
590.2
618.6
6,103.9
3,067.2
1,593.1
1,345.8
1,867.8
2,002.3
666.6

3,907.2
592.0
633.6
6,129.9
3,093.9
1,577.2
1,366.3
1,928.1
2,024.0
658.7

185.7
35.2
32.9
339.3
150.5
57.6
70.4
98.3
156.3
45.2

176.3
33.8
32.4
312.3
145.5
54.4
59.5
100.3
134.5
36.7

172.4
37.7
32.4
322.5
126.5
59.8
60.7
105.0
135.0
34.0

177,3
37.9
33.8
288.4
108.6
51,4
51.6
103.8
123.8
35.5

5.2
6.1
5.6
5.7
4.9
3.7
5.3
5.4
8.0
7.4

4.9
5.9
5.4
5.2
4.7
3.5
4.4
5.4
6.9
5.7

4.6
6.4
5.2
5.3
4.1
3.8
4.5
5.6
6.7
5.1

4.5
6.4
5.3
4.7
3.5
3.3
3.8
5.4
6.1
5.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,695.9
3,172.5
4,760.6
2,576.6
1,252.7
2,698.4
439.5
880.2
781.6
623.9

2,715.1
3,164.1
4,813.9
2,594.9
1,257.0
2,833.4
437.1
898.1
802.3
633.3

2,791.4
3,174.3
4,909.3
2,605.6
1,258.5
2,901.1
445.9
910.7
840.6
623.1

2,789.3
3,260.2
4,985.6
2,624.6
1,265.4
2,887.6
453.9
906.3
883.2
644.8

137.7
190.7
280.9
103.1
82.9
131.5
22.3
25.3
48.1
28.8

138.4
169.8
257.5
96.1
77.0
135.5
25.8
23.8
43.3
25.2

136.4
136.7
239.2
103.9
77.1
132.5
23.5
26.7
45.5
25.9

141.7
130.8
209.8
85.5
72.6
122.4
24.3
23.6
36.2
20.1

5.1
6.0
5.9
4.0
6.6
4.9
5.1
2.9
6.2
4.6

5.1
5.4
5.3
3.7
6.1
4.8
5.9
2.6
5.4
4.0

4.9
4.3
4.9
4.0
6.1
4.6
5.3
2.9
5.4
4.2

5.1
4.0
4.2
3.3
5.7
4.2
5.4
2.6
4.1
3.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

4,016.0
778.1
8,605.1
3,596.9
336.6
5,541.8
1,544.3
1,646.4
5,829.4
500.8

4,064.2
791.0
8,509.3
3,630.8
335.6
5,585.0
1,546.3
1,652.8
5,837.5
487.5

4,133.2
800.4
8,606.8
3,784.6
344.2
5,641.0
1,576.6
1,719.7
5.903.9
494.9

4,193.6
820.5
8,807.1
3,844.1
347.5
5,710.0
1,599.9
1,731.7
5,983.7
505.1

273.5
48.8
594.9
157.1
13.1
307.0
89.9
89.4
360.6
35.4

260.5
49.6
539.2
157.3
11.0
266.1
72.6
80.1
342.9
33.9

256.0
64.5
537.5
164.4
10.6
278.2
64.0
101.6
313.0
25.4

215.5
51.3
564.5
139.2
8.8
262.3
66.0
100.9
310.9
26.8

6.8
6.3
6.9
4.4
3.9
5.5
5.8
5.4
6.2
7.1

6.4
6.3
6.3
4.3
3.3
4.8
4.7
4.8
5.9
7.0

6.2
8.1
6.2
4.3
3.1
4.9
4.1
5.9
5.3
5.1

5.1
6.2
6.4
3.6
2.5
4.6
4.1
5.8
5.2
5.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1,824.1
377.7
2,664.6
9,408.7
974.5
314.9
3,416.7
2,717.3
787.7
2,800.1
251.7

1,865.2
386.6
2,700.8
9,588.4
986.6
318.8
3,482.2
2,810.0
784.8
2,843.9
255.3

1,851.3
394.0
2,745.4
9,714.5
1,008.4
323.6
3,385.5
2.880.1
805.9
2,907.9
256.2

1,912.7
392.6
2,708.4
9,881.0
1,040.0
325.6
3,405.5
2,988.2
804.6
2,928.5
250.6

114.6
12.5
127.5
606.0
36.5
14.9
166.5
174.4
70.3
132.0
13.4

94.7
11.2
140.1
577.4
35.2
13.5
157.0
179.1
61.7
105.4
12.2

110.9
12.7
141.4
546.7
35.0
14.8
149.3
187.2
60.4
102.6
12.9

86.4
12.0
146.1
531.2
32.3
12.9
134.8
142.3
55.4
107.6
12.7

6.3
3.3
4.8
6.4
3.7
4.7
4.9
6.4
8.9
4.7
5.3

5.1
2.9
5.2
6.0
3.6
4.2
4.5
6.4
7.9
3.7
4.8

6.0
3.2
5.2
5.6
3.5
4.6
4.4
6.5
7.5
3.5
5.0

4,5
3,1
5,4
5,4
3,1
4.0
4.0
4.8
6.9
3.7
5.1

Puerto Rico

1,201.9

1,244.8

1,284.4

1,308.3

175.1

170.4

171.9

176.4

14.6

13.7

13.4

13.5

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida




5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
State and area

Civilian labor
force

Number

Percent of
labor force

1997
Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles .
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
VIsalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Nonvich
Stamford-Nonwalk
Waterbury

Delaware.
Dover...
Wilmington-Newark




2,174.1
55.3
470.9
72.7
67.4
71.9
50.6
170.5
270.0
161.6
83.3

110.2
3.1
15.8
3.8
3.2
4.8
2.6
5.3
13.3
6.9
2.8

5.1
5.6
3.4
5.2
4.8
6.6
5.2
3.1
4.9
4.3
3.4

316.0
138.4

24.9
8.0

7.9
5.8

2,165.5
58.5
1,422.5
357.3
63.3

100.6
4.8
43.2
11.8
17.7

4.6
8.2
3.0
3.3
27.9

1,210.9
137.4
95.0
40.4
294.3
36.0

64.1
4.4
5.0
1.7
11.6
2.8

5.3
3.2
5.2
4.2
3.9
7.8

15,971.8
283.5
85.7
429.3
4.496.6
83.7
202.2
1,175.8
1,379.3
73.2
1,354.4
739.9
184.1
1,281.5
932.2
938.5
106.6
196.4
143.9
238.6
246.2
239.4
383.1
161.2
86.7
56.4

1,006.3
34.3
7.2
57.0
307.5
12.9
26.0
50.5
45.2
6.7
93.3
39.8
19.7
54.4
30.8
28.4
5.0
9.8
11.0
9.0
26.2
14.6
25.0
24.5
5.1
8.1

6.3
12.1
8.5
13.3
6.8
15.5
12.9
4.3
3.3
9.1
6.9
5.4
10.7
4.2
3.3
3.0
4.7
5.0
7.6
3.8
10.7
6.1
6.5
15.2
5.8
14.3

2,158.2
167.2
244.9
1,088.0
133.7
56.4
80.5
59.6

70.4
4.7
8.9
30.7
4.3
2.4
3.1
2.8

3.3
2.8
3.6
2.8
3.2
4.3
3.9
4.7

1,723.3
219.5
108.3
588.1
272.6
154.5
193.8
118.4

87.9
13.2
3.7
31.5
14.2
8.6
6.2
6.9

5.1
6.0
3.4
5.4
5.2
5.5
3.2
5.8

379.7
66.8
286.5

15.3
3.0
12.9

4.0
4.5
4.5

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
State and area

Civilian labor
force

Number

Percent of
labor force

1997
District of Columbia
Washington

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

Illinois
Bloomington-Normai
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
l_awrence
Topeka
Wichita




257.0
2,518.9

20.4
92.0

7.9
3.7

7,106.1
187.4
749.3
170.1
121.0
77.9
101.4
530.0
195.8
202.5
1,041.1
86.4
93.9
813.3
65.6
169.1
45.7
263.7
142.1
1,132.6
482.5

337.9
7.3
36.5
5.8
11.1
2.8
2.9
18.9
12.5
9.2
74.1
4.4
4.3
27.7
4.3
6.8
1.8
7.2
4.4
39.5
30.2

4.8
3.9
4.9
3.4
9.2
3.6
2.8
3.6
6.4
4.5
7.1
5.1
4.6
3.4
6.6
4.0
3.9
2.7
3.1
3.5
6.3

3,907.2
57.8
72.4
2,061.0
204.5
122.5
152.1
133.3

177.3
3.8
2.2
76.0
12.8
6.0
7.3
6.5

4.5
6.5
3.0
3.7
6.2
4.9
4.8
4.9

592.0
425.9

37.9
22.5

6.4
5.3

633.6
212.6
39.3

33.8
8.2
2.1

5.3
3.9
5.5

6,129.9
81.0
92.9
4,083.6
184.1
58.5
51.8
181.7
195.4
106.4

288.4
2.1
2.7
183.4
6.7
4.1
2.9
8.1
9.2
4.5

4.7
2.6
2.9
4.5
3.6
7.1
5.6
4.4
4.7
4.3

3,093.9
61.7
94.1
157.8
265.8
303.4
829.1
51.6
89.1
62.7
136.5
72.3

108.6
1.5
3.1
6.8
7.7
12.5
23.0
1.7
2.2
2.5
4.5
4.2

3.5
2.4
3.3
4.3
2.9
4.1
2.8
3.3
2.5
3.9
3.3
5.9

1,577.2
108.5
252.2
49.6
64.7
65.3
68.6

51.4
2.8
6.5
1.9
1.6
2.2
2.6

3.3
2.6
2.6
3.9
2.5
3.4
3.9

1,366.3
52.7
88.9
274.7

51.6
2.2
4.4
9.3

3.8
4.2
4.9
3.4

5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
State and area

Civilian labor
force

Number

Percent of
labor force

1997

Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City..

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland .
Hagerstown .

Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth.
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor .
Detroit
Flint.
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul..
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula .
Hattiesburg
Jackson

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City ....
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA .
Springfield

Montana
Billings
Great Falls ....

Nebraska
Lincoln .,
Omaha ..




1,928.1
252.5
549.2
49.8

103.8
6.7
22.6
2.9

5.4
2.7
4.1
5.9

2,024.0
58.6
289.6
89.0
174.8
90.6
70.1
618.5
185.9

123.8
3.7
15.3
3.1
9.4
5.6
4.5
33.8
12.9

6.1
6.2
5.3
3.5
5.3
6.2
6.4
5.5
6.9

658.7
49.9
51.7
132.1

35.5
2.0
3.0
3.7

5.4
4.1
5.7
2.8

2,789.3
1,319.8
46.0
70.8

141.7
74.4
3.9
3.5

5.1
5.6
8.5
4.9

3,260.2
72.7
1,808.4
132.0
70.3
197.3
163.0
82.0
40.3
263.8
249.7

130.8
3.7
61.5
6.2
3.5
10.1
6.3
6.3
2.1
12.0
9.2

4.0
5.1
3.4
4.7
4.9
5.1
3.9
7.6
5.3
4.2
3.7

4,985.6
290.9
83.8
2.233.2
204.5
584.1
76.7
231.2
242.9
200.9

209.8
7.4
4.3
87.0
11.2
19.6
3.4
9.0
7.2
8.8

4.2
2.5
5.2
3.9
5.5
3.4
4.5
3.9
3.0
4.4

2,624.6
123.1
1,636.5
66.3
92.3

85.5
6.2
40.9
1.4
3.8

3.3
5.0
2.5
2.2
4.1

1,265.4
160.4
51.1
223.0

72.6
7.9
1.6
7.9

5.7
4.9
3.1
3.5

2,887.6
80.1
79.9
961.4
48.8
1,347.4
167.8

122.4
1.2
3.2
35.1
2.5
55.5
5.6

4.2
1.6
4.0
3.7
5.2
4.1
3.3

453.9
68.7
37.9

24.3
3.1
2.0

5.4
4.5
5.3

906.3
141.1
383.9

23.6
3.1
10.3

2.6
2.2
2.7

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
State and area

Civilian labor
force

Number

Percent of
labor force

1997
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa




883.2
666.2
170.8

36.2
27.3
6.3

4.1
4.1
3.7

644.8
100.9
102.0
122.4

20.1
2.8
2.8
3.4

3.1
2.7
2.8
2.8

4,193.6
176.1
679.0
285.6
637.5
521.1
1,022.4
170.4
65.5

215.5
14.6
35.2
22.4
23.1
25.0
52.6
7.8
5.6

5.1
8.3
5.2
7.8
3.6
4.8
5.1
4.6
8.6

820.5
357.6
66.9
74.2

51.3
15.4
5.8
2.8

6.2
4.3
8.6
3.8

8.807.1
452.9
124.9
582.5
118.8
44.5
62.1
68.2
1,393.4
4,012.8
3,372.8
171.1
575.7
367.6
143.4

564.5
19.0
5.3
31.2
4.8
2.0
3.9
3.9
54.4
340.8
316.6
7.0
23.5
17.2
7.5

6.4
4.2
4.2
5.4
4.1
4.4
6.3
5.7
3.9
8.5
9.4
4.1
4.1
4.7
5.2

3,844.1
112.0
750.7
114.9
47.9
641.4
64.7
175.9
44.8
609.2
72.6
109.4

139.2
3.1
22.7
4.7
2.0
18.1
3.1
6.4
1.5
11.6
5.3
4.5

3.6
2.8
3.0
4.1
4.1
2.8
4.8
3.6
3.3
1.9
7.4
4.1

347.5
53.9
102.0
53.9

8.8
1.3
1.8
2.0

2.5
2.5
1.8
3.6

5,710.0
363.3
203.1
838.7
1,115.1
806.3
477.4
173.9
75.4
83.9
58.1
316.3
286.7

262.3
15.8
9.8
31.5
53.5
23.2
19.4
6.1
3.9
4.9
6.3
15.2
16.7

4.6
4.3
4.8
3.8
4.8
2.9
4.1
3.5
5.1
5.9
10.9
4.8
5.8

1,599.9
28.1
40.7
526.7
400.7

66.0
0.9
2.1
17.3
13.8

4.1
3.2
5.1
3.3
3.5

5. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
State and area

Civilian labor
force

Number

Percent of
labor force

1997
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ..
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver.
Salem

Pennsylvania.
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ...

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission ....
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls




1,731.7
157.8
86.8
1,025.7
164.8

100.9
9.0
6.6
44.1
9.6

5.8
5.7
7.6
4.3
5.8

5,983.7
309.9
63.2
140.5
350.4
106.7
242.8
2,497.3
1,157.7
185.1
314.9
56.6
66.2
58.1
195.0

310.9
15.7
3.5
8.3
11.5
8.3
7.3
121.5
57.4
7.9
22.8
3.0
2.0
3.8
8.0

5.2
5.1
5.6
5.9
3.3
7.8
3.0
4.9
5.0
4.3
7.3
5.3
3.0
6.5
4.1

505.1
577.4

26.8
32.2

5.3
5.6

1,912.7
253.9
270.6
63.6
483.6
98.5
46.6

86.4
10.3
7.3
3.6
15.3
4.5
2.5

4.5
4.1
2.7
5.6
3.2
4.6
5.4

392.6
46.0
97.5

12.0
1.4
1.9

3.1
3.1
2.0

2,708.4
222.9
80.9
55.0
227.9
336.5
530.5
617.6

146.1
11.1
3.8
2.6
11.5
15.0
24.4
21.7

5.4
5.0
4.7
4.7
5.1
4.4
4.6
3.5

9,881.0
60.1
110.4
650.2
181.0
105.6
126.3
70.6
177.5
1,813.6
290.8
846.9
124.9
2,054.1
113.8
70.2
103.6
122.4
191.8
123.5
51.5
744.2
50.0
40.3
88.7
43.1
100.1
65.5

531.2
2.4
4.3
20.0
14.5
7.7
15.9
1.5
13.9
67.7
32.4
31.0
10.2
103.5
5.8
7.4
7.7
4.8
35.0
6.3
1.8
30.3
2.3
3.4
5.5
2.2
4.6
2.9

5.4
4.0
3.9
3.1
8.0
7.3
12.6
2.1
7.8
3.7
11.2
3.7
8.1
5.0
5.1
10.5
7.4
3.9
18.2
5.1
3.6
4.1
4.6
8.4
6.2
5.0
4.6
4.4

(Numbers In thousands)
Unemployed
State and area

Civilian labor
force

Number

Percent of
labor force

1997

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

Vermont
Burlington

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington .
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco.
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling.

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne

Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon .

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.




1,040.0
153.9
669.8

32.3
4.0
19.7

3.1
2.6
2.9

325.6
97.5

12.9
2.6

4.0
2.7

3,405.5
71.8
56.3
100.7
721.7
495.4
125.7

134.8
1.6
3.6
3.8
34.5
17.2
4.1

4.0
2.2
6.5
3.8
4.8
3.5
3.3

2,988.2
78.9
92.9
97.7
93.4
1,345.7
206.9
328.1
115.2

142.3
4.6
5.1
5.0
6.8
44.7
9.5
14.8
11.5

4.8
5.9
5.5
5.2
7.3
3.3
4.6
4.5
10.0

804.6
131.2
137.5
77.2
74.2

55.4
6.3
9.5
4.3
5.0

6.9
4.8
6.9
5.6
6.7

2,928.5
221.7
82.4
131.7
80.2
77.7
70.6
258.0
805.8
94.1
60.4
72.7

107.6
6.7
3.0
4.2
3.4
2.9
2.1
4.4
28.9
4.1
1.6
2.7

3.7
3.0
3.7
3.2
4.3
3.7
3.0
1.7
3.6
4.3
2.6
3.7

250.6
32.4
38.4

12.7
1.9
1.5

5.1
5.9
3.9

1,308.3
51.8
53.3
115.8
93.4
111.6
707.6

176.4
10.1
8.4
14.0
15.7
19.8
75.7

13.5
19.6
15.8
12.1
16.8
17.8
10.7




Area Definitions

State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Calhoun County
Blount, Jefferson, St. Clair, and Shelby Counties
Lawrence and Morgan Counties
Dale and Houston Counties
Colbert and Lauderdale Counties
Etowah County
Limestone and Madison Counties
Baldwin and Mobile Counties
Autauga, Elmore, and Montgomery Counties
Tuscaloosa County

Alaska
Anchorage

MSA

Anchorage Borough

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Coconino County, Ariz.; Kane County, Utah
Maricopa and Pinal Counties
Pima County
Yuma County

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Benton and Washington Counties
Crawford and Sebastian Counties, Ark.; Sequoyah County, Okla.
Craighead County
Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline Counties
Jefferson County

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles...
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

Kern County
Butte County
Fresno and Madera Counties
Los Angeles County
Merced County
Stanislaus County
Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
Orange County
Shasta County
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties
El Dorado, Placer, and Sacramento Counties
Monterey County
San Diego County
Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties
Santa Clara County
San Luis Obispo County
Santa Barbara County
Santa Cruz County
Sonoma County
San Joaquin County
Napa and Solano Counties
Ventura County
Tulare County
Yolo County
Sutter and Yuba Counties

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction

PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA

Boulder County
El Paso County
Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Douglas, and Jefferson Counties
Larimer County
Mesa County




state and area

Colorado—Continued
Greeley
Pueblo

Type of
area

PMSA
MSA

Definition

Weld County
Pueblo County

Connecticut

Bridgeport

PMSA Bridgeport and Shelton cities, and Easton, Fairfield, Monoroe, Strafford, and
Trumbull towns in Fairfield County; Ansonia, Derby, and Milford cities, and
Beacon Falls, Oxford, and Seymour towns in New Haven County

Danbury

PMSA Danbury city and Bethel, Brookfield, New Fairfield, Newton, Redding, Ridgefield,
and Sherman towns in Fairfield County; Bridgewater, New Milford, Roxbury, and
Washington towns in Litchfield County
MSA

Hartford

New Haven-Meriden

Bristol, Hartford, and New Britian cities, and Avon, Berlin, Bloomfield, Burlington,
Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington,
Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington, Plainville, Rocky Hill,
Simsbury, Southington, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield,
Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Barkhamsted, HanA/inton,
New Hartford, Plymouth, and Winchester towns in Litchfield County; Middletown
city, and Cromwell, Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Haddam, Middlefield,
and Portland towns in Middlesex County; Colchester and Lebanon towns in New
London County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron,
Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in Tolland
County; Ashford, Chaplin, and Windham towns in Windham County

PMSA Clinton and Killingworth towns in Middlesex County; Meriden, New Haven, and
West Haven cities, and Bethany, Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Guilford,
Hamden, Madison, North Branford, North Haven, Orange, Wallingford, and
Woodbridge towns in New Haven County
Old Saybrook town in Middlesex County; New London and Norwich cities, and
Bozrah, East Lyme, Franklin, Griswold, Groton, Ledyard, Lisbon, Montville, North
Stonington, Old Lyme, Preston, Salem, Sprague, Stonington, and Waterford towns
in New London County; Canterbury and Plainfield towns in Windham County;
Hopkinton and Westerly towns in Washington County, R.I.

New London-Norwich.

Stamford-Norwalk

PMSA Nonrt/alk and Stamford cities, and Darien, Grrenwich, New Canaan, Weston,
Westport, and Wilton towns in Fairfield County

Waterbury.

PMSA Bethlehem, Thomaston, Watertown, and Woodbury towns in Litchfield County;
Waterbury city, Naugatuck borough, and Middlebury, Prospect, Southbury, and
Wolcott towns in New Haven County

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

MSA Kent County
PMSA New Castle, Del.; Cecil County, Md.

District of Columbia
Washington

PMSA

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami




MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince
George's Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church. Fredericksburg,
Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax,
Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and
Warren Counties, Va.; Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, W. Va.
Flagler and Volusia Counties
Broward County
Lee County
Martin and St. Lucie Counties
Okaloosa County
Alachua County
Clay, Duval, Nassau, and St. John's Counties
Polk County
Brevard County
Dade County

state and area

Type of
area

Definition

Florida—Continued
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Collier County
Marion County
Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Seminole Counties
Bay County
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties
Charlotte County
Manatee and Sarasota Counties
Gadsden and Leon Counties
Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties
Palm Beach County

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta

MSA
MSA
MSA

Augusta-Aiken

MSA

Columbus
Macon
Savannah

MSA
MSA
MSA

Dougherty and Lee Counties
Clarke, Madison, and Oconee Counties
Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas,
Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Pickens, Rockdale,
Spalding, and Walton Counties
Columbia, McDuffie, and Richmond Counties, Ga.; Aiken and Edgefield,
Counties, S.C.
Chattahoochee, Harris, and Muscogee Counties, Ga.; Russell County, Ala.
Bibb, Houston, Jones, Peach, and Twiggs Counties
Bryan, Chatham, and Effingham Counties

Hawaii
Honolulu

MSA

Honolulu County

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

MSA
MSA

Ada and Canyon Counties
Bannock County

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .....
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

McLean County
Champaign County
Cook, DeKalb, Du Page, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will
Counties
Henry and Rock Island Counties, III.; Scott County, Iowa
Macon County
Kankakee County
Peoria, Tazewell, and Woodford Counties
Boone, Ogle, and Winnebago Counties
Menard and Sangamon Counties

Kokomo
Let ayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Monroe County
Elkhart County
Posey, Vanderburgh, and Warrick Counties, Ind.: Henderson County, Ky.
Adams, Allen, DeKalb, Huntington, Wells, and Whitley Counties
Lake and Porter Counties
Boone, Hamilton, Hancock. Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Morgan, and
Shelby Counties
Howard and Tipton Counties
Clinton and Tippecanoe Counties
Delaware County
St. Joseph County
Clay, Vermillion, and Vigo Counties

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Linn County
Dallas, Polk, and Warren Counties
Dubuque County
Johnson County
Woodbury County, Iowa; Dakota County, Nebr.




State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Iowa—Continued
Waterloo-Cedar Falls ...

MSA

Black Hawk County

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

MSA
MSA
MSA

Douglas County
Shawnee County
Butler, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

MSA
MSA

Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Madison, Scott, and Woodford Counties
Builitt, Jefferson, and Oldham Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and Scott
Counties, Ind.
Daviess County

Owensboro

MSA

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Shreveport-Bossier City
Maine
Bangor

MSA

Rapides Parish
Ascension, East Baton Rouge, Livingston, and West Baton Rouge Parishes
Lafourche and Terrebonne Parishes
Acadia, Lafayette, St. Landry, and St. Martin Parishes
Calcasieu Parish
Ouachita Parish
Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John
the Baptist, and St. Tammany Parishes
Bossier, Caddo, and Webster Parishes

MSA

Bangor, Brewer, and Old Town cities; Eddington, Glenburn, Hampden, Hermon,
Holden, Kenduskeag, Milford, Oronto, Orrington, and Veazie towns; and the
Penobscot Indian Island Indian Reservation in Penobscot County; Winter port town
in Waldo County

Lewiston-Auburn .

MSA

Auburn and Lewiston cities, and Greene, Lisbon, Mechanic Falls, Poland,
Sabattus, Turner, and Wales towns in Androscoggin County

Portland.

MSA

Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook cities, and Cape Elizabeth, Casco,
Cumberland, Falmouth, Freeport, Gorham, Gray, North Yarmouth, Raymond,
Scarborough, Standish, Windham, and Yarmouth towns in Cumberland County;
Buxton, Hollis, Limington, and Old Orchard Beach towns in York County

Maryland
Baltimore

PMSA

Baltimore City
Cumberland
Hagerstown
Suburban Maryland-D.C
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth ....

Boston




MSA
PMSA

MSA

PMSA

Baltimore city, and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and
Queen Anne's Counties
Baltimore City
Allegany County, Md., and Mineral County, WVa.
Washington County
Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George's Counties

Barnstable, Brewster, Chatham, Dennis, Eastham, Harwich, Mashpee,
Orleans, Sandwich, and Yarmouth towns in Barnstable County
Taunton city, and Berkley, Dighton, Mansfield, and Norton towns in Bristol
County; Beverly, Gloucester, Lynn, Newburyport, Peabody, and Salem cities,
and Amesbury, Danvers, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynnfield, Manchester,
Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Newbury, Rockport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus,
Swampscott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex County; Cambridge, Everett,
Maiden, Marlborough, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and
Woburn cities, and Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont,
Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, HoUiston, Hopkinton,
Hudson, Lexington, Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading,
Sherborn, Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown,

state and area

Massachusetts
Boston

Type of
area

Definition

PMSA Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County;
Quincy city, and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham,
Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton,
Needham, Norfolk, Non/vood, Plainville, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton,
Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and Wrentham towns in Norfolk
County; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell,
Pembroke, Plymouth, Rockland, Scituate, and Wareham towns in Plymouth
County; Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities, and Winthrop town in Suffolk County;
Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon, Milford,
Miliville, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County, Mass.; Seabrook
and South Hampton towns in Rockingham County, N.H.

Brockton

PMSA

Easton and Raynham towns in Bristol County; Avon town in Norfolk County;
Brockton city, and Abington, Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, Halifax, Hanson,
Lakeville, Middleborough, Plympton, West Bridgewater, and Whitman towns
in Plymouth County

Fitchburg-Leominster.

PMSA

Ashby town In Middlesex County; Fitchburg, Gardner, and Leominster cities,
and Ashburnham, Lunenburg, Templeton, Westminster, and Winchendon
towns in Worcester County

Lawrence.

PMSA

Haverhill and Lawrence cities, and Andover, Boxford, Georgetown, Groveland,
Merrimac, Methuen, North Andover, and West Newbury towns in Essex County,
Mass.; Atkinson, Chester, Danville, Derry, Fremont, Hampstead, Kingston,
Newton, Plaistow, Raymond, Salem, Sandown, and Windham towns in Rockingham County, N.H.

Lowell.

PMSA

Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Groton, Pepperell,
Tewksbury, Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middlesex County, Mass.;
Pelham town in Hillsborough County, N.H.

New Bedford

PMSA

New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, and Freetown towns
in Bristol County; Marion, Maftapoiseft, and Rochester towns in Plymouth County

Pittsfield

MSA

Pittsfield city, and Adams, Cheshire, Dalton, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, Lee,
Lenox, Richmond, and Stockbridge towns in Berkshire County

Springfield .

MSA

Sunderland town in Franklin County; Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and
Westfield cities, and Agawam, East Longmeadow, Hampden, Longmeadow,
Ludlow, Monson, Montgomery, Palmer, Russell, Southwick, West Springfield,
and Wilbraham towns in Hampden County; Northampton city, and Amherst,
Belchertown, Easthampton, Granby, Hadley, Hatfield, Huntington, Southampton,
South Hadley, Ware, and Williamsburg towns in Hampshire County

Worcester.

PMSA

Holland town in Hampden County; Worcester city, and Auburn, Barre, Boylston,
Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas, Dudley, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden,
Leicester, Millbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oakham, Oxford,
Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury, Southbridge, Spencer, Sterling,
Sturbridge, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston, and West
Brookfield towns in Worcester County, Mass.; Thompson town in Windham County,
Conn.

PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Lenawee, Livingston, and Washtenaw Counties
Berrien County
Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties
Genesee County
Allegan, Kent, Muskegon, and Ottawa Counties
Jackson County
Calhoun, Kalamazoo, and Van Buren Counties
Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ,
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing




State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Michigan—Continued
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

MSA

Bay, Midland, and Saginaw Counties

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul

MSA
MSA

MSA^

St. Louis County, Minn.; Douglas County, Wise.
Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne,
Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; Pierce and St. Croix Counties, Wise.
Olmsted County
Benton and Stearns Counties

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

MSA
MSA
MSA

Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson Counties
Forrest and Lamar Counties
Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City

MSA
MSA
MSA

Rochester
St. Cloud

MSA

St. Louis

MSA^

Springfield

MSA

Boone County
Jasper and Newton Counties
Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte and Ray Counties, Mo.; Johnson,
Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.
St. Louis city, and Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren
Counties, Mo.; Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, III.
Christian, Greene, and Webster Counties

Montana
Billings
Great Falls

MSA
MSA

Yellowstone County
Cascade County

Nebrasica
Lincoln
Omaha

MSA
MSA

Lancaster County
Cass, Douglas, Sarpy, and Washington Counties, Nebr.; Pottawattamie County,
Iowa

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

MSA
MSA

Clark and Nye Counties, Nev.; Mohave County, Ariz.
Washoe County

New Hampsliire
PMSA
Manchester
PMSA
Nashua
PMSA
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Miliville-Bridgeton




PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA

Manchester city, and Bedford, Goffstown, and Weare towns in Hillsborough
County; Allenstown and Hooksett towns in Merrimack County; Auburn, Candia,
and Londonderry towns in Rockingham County
Nashua city, and Amherst, Brookline, Greenville, Hollis, Hudson, Litchfield, Mason,
Merrimack, Milford, Mont Vernon, New Ipswich, and Wilton towns in Hillsborough
County
Portsmouth city and Brentwood, East Kingston, Epping, Exeter, Greenland,
Hampton, Hampton Falls, Kensington, New Castle, Newfields, Newington,
Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye, and Stratham towns in Rockingham County;
Dover, Rochester and Somersworth cities, and Barrington, Durham, Farmington,
Lee, Madbury, Milton, and Rollinsford towns in Strafford County, N.H.; and
BenA/ick, Eliot, Kittery, South Ben/vick, and York towns in York County, Maine
Atlantic and Cape May Counties
Bergen and Passaic Counties
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties
Hudson County
Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Somerset Counties
Monmouth and Ocean Counties
Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties
Mercer County
Cumberland County

State and area

Type of
area

Definition

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

MSA
MSA
MSA

Bernalillo, Sandoval, and Valencia Counties
Dona Ana County
Los Alamos and Santa Fe Counties

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy

MSA

Albany, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, and Schoharie
Counties
Broome and Tioga Counties
Erie and Niagara Counties
Dutchess County
Chemung County
Warren and Washington Counties
Chautauqua County
Nassau and Suffolk Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and Westchester
Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties
Orange County, N.Y.; Pike County, Pa.
Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties
Rockland County
Cayuga, Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties
Herkimer and Oneida Counties
Westchester County

Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA

PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point

MSA
MSA
MSA

Greenville
Hickory-Morgantown-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Buncombe and Madison Counties
Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties, N.C.; York
County, S.C.
Cumberland County
Wayne County
Alamance, Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, Stokes, and Yadkin
Counties
Pitt County
Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, and Catawba, Counties
Onslow County
Chatham, Durham, Franklin, Johnston, Orange, and Wake Counties
Edgecombe and Nash Counties
Brunswick and New Hanover Counties

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

MSA
MSA
MSA

Burleigh and Morton Counties
Cass County, N.D.; Clay County, Minn.
Grand Forks County, N.D.; Polk County, Minn.

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati

PMSA
MSA
PMSA

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid




MSA
MSA

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA

Portage and Summit Counties
Carroll and Stark Counties
Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; Boone, Campbell,
Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, and Pendleton Counties, Ky.; Dearborn and Ohio
Counties, Ind
Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties
Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway Counties
Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties
Butler County
Allan and Auglaize Counties
Crawford and Richland Counties
Jefferson County, Ohio; Brooke and Hancock Counties, W. Va.
Fulton, Lucas, and Wood Counties
Columbiana, Mahoning, and Trumbull Counties

Garfield County

State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Oklahoma—Continued
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

MSA
MSA
MSA

Comanche County
Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties
Creek, Osage, Rogers, Tulsa, and Wagoner Counties

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver

MSA
MSA
PMSA

Lane County
Jackson County
Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Ore.;
Clark County, Wash
Marion and Polk Counties

Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethiehem-Easton ....
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Puerto Rico
Aquadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

PMSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties
Blair County
Erie County
Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Perry Counties
Cambria and Somerset Counties
Lancaster County
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa.;
Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, N.J.
Philadelphia County
Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties
Berks County
Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, and Wyoming Counties
Mercer County
Centre County
Lycoming County
York County

Aguada, Aguadilla, and Moca Municipios
Arecibo, Camuy, and Hatillo Municipios
Caguas, Cayey, Cidra, Gurabo, and San Lorenzo Municipios
Anasco, Cabo Rojo, Hormigueros, Mayaguez, Sabana Grande, and San German
Municipios
Guayanilia, Juana Diaz, Penuelas, Ponce, ViHalba, and Yauco Municipios
Aguas Buenas, Barceloneta, Bayamon, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Ceiba,
Comerio, Corozal, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guaynabo, Humacao, Juncos, Las
Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Rio Grande, San
Juan, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, and Yabucoa
Municipios

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-WanA/ick.

MSA

Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County; Wan/vick city, and
Coventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent
County; Jamestown, Little Compton, and Tiverton towns in Newport County;
Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence, Pawtucket, Providence, and
Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston,
Lincoln, North Providence, North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield towns in
Providence County; Charlestown, Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown,
Richmond, and South Kingstown towns in Washington County, R.I.; Attleboro and
Fall River cities, and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea,
and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties
Lexington and Richland Counties
Florence County
Anderson, Cherokee, Greenville, Pickens, and Spartanburg Counties
Horry County
Sumter County




state and area

Type of
area

Definition

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

MSA
MSA

Pennington County
Lincoln and Minnehaha Counties

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Hamilton and Marion Counties, Tenn.; Catoosa, Dade, and Walker Counties, Ga.
Montgomery County, Tenn., Christian County, Ky.
Madison County
Carter, Hawkins, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Counties, Tenn.; Bristol city,
and Scott and Washington Counties, Va.
Anderson, Blount, Knox, Loudon, Sevier, and Union Counties
Fayette, Shelby, and Tipton Counties, Tenn.; Crittenden County, Ark.; DeSoto
County, Miss.

Knoxville
Memphis

MSA
MSA

Nashville

MSA

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoda
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
lyier
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier

Burlington.




MSA

Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner,
Williamson, and Wilson Counties
Taylor County
Potter and Randall Counties
Bastrop, Caldwell, Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties
Hardin, Jefferson, and Orange Counties
Brazoria County
Cameron County
Brazos County
Nueces and San Patricio Counties
Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Henderson, Hunt, Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties
El Paso County
Hood, Johnson, Parker, and Tarrant Counties
Galveston County
Chambers, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties
Bell and Coryell Counties
Webb County
Gregg, Harrison, and Upshur Counties
Lubbock County
Hidalgo County
Ector and Midland Counties
Tom Green County
Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, and Wilson Counties
Grayson County
Bowie County, Tex.; Miller County, Ark.
Smith County
Victoria County
McLennan County
Archer and Wichita Counties

Utah County
Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties

East Granville town in Addison County; Groton and Ryegate towns in Caledonia
County; Bolton and Huntington towns in Chittenden County; Bradford. Braintree,
Brookfield, Chelsea, Corinth, Fairlee, Newbury, Orange, Randolph, Topsham,
Vershire, Washington, West Fairlee, and Williamstown towns in Orange County;
and Barre city and Barre, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Duxbury, East Montpelier, Fayston,
Marshfield, Middlesex, Montpelier, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield, Roxbury,
Waitsfield, Warren, and Waterbury towns in Washington County
Burlington, South Burlington, and Winooski cities, and Charlotte, Colchester,
Essex, Hinesburg, Jericho, Milton, Richmond, St. George, Shelburne, and Williston
towns in Chittenden County; St. Albans city, and Fairfax, Georgia, St. Albans, and
Swanton towns in Franklin County; Grand Isle and South Hero towns in Grandlsle
County

State and area
Virginia
Bristol
Cliarlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News

Type of
area

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Northern Virginia

Richmond-Petersburg

MSA

Roanoke

MSA

Waslilngton
Bellinghanfi
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seaftle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Mariefta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne

MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA

Definition

Bristol city, and Scott and Washington Counties
Charlottesville city, and Albemarle, Fluvanna, and Greene Counties
Danville city and Pittsylvania County
Bedford and Lynchburg cities, and Amherst, Bedford, and Campbell Counties
Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk,
Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg cities, and Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City,
Mathews, and York Counties, Va.; Currituck County, N.C.
Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Manassas, and Manassas Park
cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, King George, Loudoun,
Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren Counties
Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond cities, and Charles City,
Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and
Prince George Counties
Roanoke and Salem cities, and Botetourt and Roanoke Counties

Whatcom County
Kitsap County
Thurston County
Benton and Franklin Counties
Island, King, and Snohomish Counties
Spokane County
Pierce County
Yakima County

Kanawha and Putnam Counties
Cabell and Wayne Counties, W Va.; Boyd, Carter, and Greenup Counties, Ky.;
Lawrence County, Ohio
Wood County, W. Va.; Washington County, Ohio
Marshall and Ohio Counties, W. Va.: Belmont County, Ohio

Calumet, Outagamie, and Winnebago Counties
Chippewa and Eau Claire Counties
Brown County
Rock County
Kenosha County
La Crosse County, Wise.; Houston County, Minn.
Dane County
Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties
Racine County
Sheboygan County
Marathon County
Natrona County
Laramie County

^ This is not the official Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Missouri definition. Excluded is the part of Sullivan City in Crawford
County.
NOTE: These definitions are those used for the 328 metropolitan




areas published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics
(LAUS) program (table C-3). About 272 of these areas and other
selected jurisdictions are published through the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program (tables B-14 and B-18).

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about
48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of




information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay-

roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-




ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business. Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment
insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or patemity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: {\) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.




The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this coniQxi, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the /w//-and part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than




half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all selfemployed persons regardless of whether or not their
businesses were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes In concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with

the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.




d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-

sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment.




which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind

the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population conU-ols used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor




force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Effective with data for January 1998, new composite estimation procedures and minor revisions in the population
controls were introduced into the household survey. The
new composite estimation procedures simplify processing
of the monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the

survey microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the
employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures
also produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor
force and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
The population controls used in the survey were revised
to reflect new estimates of legal immigration to the U.S.
and a change in the method for projecting the emigration of
foreign-bom legal residents. As a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about 57,000; however, the
total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over
was essentially unchanged. More detailed information on
these changes and their effect on the estimates of labor force
change and composition appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in the February 1998 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical




comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample

were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous coun-




ties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of I in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.

For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata! Unit, group cjuarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included

in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present.
Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995^
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Number of sample
areas
68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

^ Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
atter statehood.




Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21.000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45.000
45.000
53.500
62.200
57.800
57.000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52.900
46.800

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4 Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's




that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1 ) 5 1 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.

The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.

Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.

Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a re interview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates




varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two

standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1 -F and 1 -G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.




Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Monthly
level

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Category
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial ..
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table l-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration.
Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment. Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
2 7 4 , 0 0 0 , and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.

246,000 +

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables l-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E o r tables I-Fand ]-G.




120,000,000-116,150,000

120,000,000-100,000,000

(274,000- 246,000) =251,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Estimated
monthly level

Agricultural
employment

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4.000
6.000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20.000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80 000
100,000
120.000
140,000
160,000
180,000

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

Hispanic
origin

Total

White

13
19
42
59
82
113

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Estimated
monthly level

Agricultural
employment

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6.000
8.000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

Black

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, Sx, of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1 -G.

=

/

ax^+ bx

Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000017962

Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1 -F or 1 -G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, Sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.

If

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1 -G ("Unemployment: Total or white. Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.

Illustration.
For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

2529.99
(32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent
,600,000
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white. Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.

b = 4191.84
2690.59

S, = 7-(0.000093662)(6, 100,000)^ + (4191.84 )(6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from




p(lOO-p)

b = 2957.13

Sx = yl{-0.000017962 )(6,000,000)^ + (2957.13)(6,000,000) = 131,000

a = -0.000093662

-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.

,650,000

(33)(100-33) = 1.0 percent

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
TotaP
Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

Whitei
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding womenand 16-to19yearolds

.000005931

828.79

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step I. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table l-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or l-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1 -H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin

or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for Sx to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table I-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of tv/o rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly




b = 3139.26

Sx = V(-0.000125300 )(1 l,600,000f + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140.000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.

Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics^
Low correlation characteristics^

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

1860.78
5420.13

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
Unemployment:^

^ High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




^ High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s^ to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
Sx = V(-0.000125300 )(11,400,000)^ + (3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table

1-H (column labeled ''Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.86
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available on the Internet
at: http:\\stats.bls.gov
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.

Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (in
eluding group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, han
dling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product de
velopment, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and
other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These vseries are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the J 987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months J

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.^

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.^

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.

Average hourly earnings.

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.^

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average hourly earnings.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

^ The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2 The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late I960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1986-96
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1996 is listed as 129,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1995 through March 1996. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.

THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private Industries, March 1986-96
Benchmark

Average monthly bias

Employment^

Revision^

Added^

Required^

Over-the-year
employment
change®

1986
1987
1988
1989

81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015

-400
21
-310
-93

149
98
114
131

116
99
88
123

1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72

85
61
33
83
115
144
129

63
12
22
107
171
187
135

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983

Year

1

Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2 Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4 The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5 March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.
Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
,2 and S22
estimate, S,^
S. ^

4

S difference

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.

S change

=

- J s f + s f - 2ps,s2

If S, = S2, then:
S change

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1996
Sample coverage^
Industry

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities .
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Employees
Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

117,952

327,799

44,496

38

566
4,952
18,366

3,172
26,429
58,259

237
978
8,968

42
20
49

6,159
6,396
21,023

216,432
25,768
63,150

2,358
1,153
4,959

38
18
24

6,815
33,881

24,268
78,057

2,200
8,286

32
24

2,770
4,750
12,274

^5,335
7,098
19,831

2,770
3,987
8,600

100
84
70

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2 The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
®Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision^

March 1996
benchmark revision
—

- --r

—

Level

Percent

Actual

Absoli

57

P)

(')

0.3

Total private

72

.1

Goods-producing

189

.8

-0.1

.8

3
3
-3
7
-1

.5
5.7
-3.1
2.2
-1.0

-1.2
-1.6
-1.1
-1.4
-.4

1.7
3.1
2.2
2.6
1.6

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8
21
7
-19

.2
1.8
1.0
-.6

-.7
-.4
.2
-1.0

1.4
2.6
1.8
1.5

Manufacturing

178

1.0

.1

.7

92

.9

.1

.7

16
3
5
5
3
-3
26
4
1
-3
17
9
5
21
1

2.1
.6
.9
.7
1.2
-.2
1.2
1.1
.1
-.5
1.0
1.0
1.1
2.5
.3

.2
.3
.3
-.1
.4

1.7
1.1
.7
.9
1.3
.9
1.3
2.4
.9
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.9
1.4

86

1.1

37
0
-10
17
4
10
11
3
13
0

2.2
0
-1.6
1.9
.6
.6
1.1
2.1
1.3
0

Total

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

.3

-.1
-.5
-.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
.2
2.0

.7
.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.4
-.3
-.1
-.5
.5
-.6

1.0
4.5
.9
1.3
.6
.8
.9
1.6
1.5
2.5

-132

-.1

.1

.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

-74
-14
0
-13
-242
0
261
1
-21
-60
-50
-11

-1.2
-.4
0
-2.9
-15.2
0
23.9
6.7
-5.1
-2.7
-3.8
-1.2

-.3
-.4
-.9
.1
-1.6
.5
2.7
.6
-1.6
-.2
-.2
-.2

1.0
1.3
1.1
2.4
2.9
3.6
5.2
5.1
3.3
1.1
1.7
.8

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

-108
-66
-42

-1.7
-1.8
-1.6

-.4
-.5
-.3

1.3
1.5
1.1

Service-producing

See footnotes at end of table.




Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1996
benchmark revision

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision^
Absolute

Level

Percent

Actual

111
-11
9
-6
7
-1
1
-4
9
79
20

.5
-1.3
.3
-.3
.2

-.4
.9
1.1
.8

.5
.2
2.2
2.8
-.2
-1.1
-.5
1.1
-.4
.8
.3

.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
.8
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.3
.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions^
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

-78
-25
-2
-5
3
2
0
9
-33
-44
-40
-4
-9

-1.1
-.8
-.1
-.3
1.1
.4
0
1.7
-15.9
-2.0
-2.7
-.6
-.7

-.4
-.8
-1.0
-.4
-4.2
.8
.9
.1
-4.1
.2
.2
.1
-.6

1.2
1.3
1.3
.7
6.4
2.0
4.9
1.3
5.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6

Services^
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services ^
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services ^
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services ^
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations^
Services, nec

32
10
35
-1
84
2
1
-2
30
1
10
-4
-59
-84
11
-5
-38
8
-3
19
10
-4
8
0
45
-52
2
-38
1

.1
1.8
2.1
-.1
1.2
.2

.1
2.3
.7
.6
.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
-.8
-1.0
-.7
-2
-.2
-.8
-1.2
-.7
-.8
1.0
-.4
1.1
-.7
-2.6
0
1.2
2.6
.2
-.5
1.3
.6

.5
2.5
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.6
3.6
2.7
2.9
1.4
4.7
4.3
3.3
.9
1.8
.9
.8
2.6
1.2
2.8
1.7
4.7
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.6
1.4
3.7
.8

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

-15
0
0
-23
-39
15
8
8
-1

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

^ Data relate to the 1987-96 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless othenA^ise noted.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.




n.1

-.1
2.5
.1
2.7
-.8
-4.4
-.9
.7
-.3
-1.0
1.2
-.3
.9
.4
-.7
1.2
0
2.1
-1.8
.2
-4.5
2.2
-.1
0
0
-.5
-1.9
.6
.1
.1

0
0
.4
.5
.3
-.1
-.1
.4

3 Data relate to 1989-96.
^ Includes other industries, not shown separately.

.2
0
0
.5
1.0
.5
.3
.4

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March 1995.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance.
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March 1995.
amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-




based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier. State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP

Mean percent revision
Actual

61,300

0

52,300

0

14,200

0

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

2,300
300
900
2,200
300

-0.1
0

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

9,000
4,400
3,700
5,700

.1
.1

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

See footnotes at end of table.




-.1

-.1

0

Absolute

.3
.4
.6
.5
.3
.1

.1

.3
.4

.1

.1

.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1

.1

.1
.1

.1

10,200
6,700
1,300
1,300
1,100
1,400
1,300
1,800
2,600
1,400
2,400
1,300
4,300
3,700
1,800
1,700
1,200

0
.1
-.1

0
0

.2
.2
.1
.4
.1
.1

.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1

.2

5,500
3,300
500
1,100
2,500
1,200
1,700
1,800
1,000
1,600
700

.1

.2
.8
.1
.2

0

.1

.1
-.1
-.1

.1

-.1

.3
0

0
-.1

57,600
9,200
8,100
2,200
3,500
5,400
1,500
2,500
200
1,200
4,600
4,500
1,600

-.1

7,700
4,400
4,800

.1
.1
.1

-.1

-.3
-.2

-.1

-.3
-.1

-.4
-.1

0
0
0

.1

.5
.1
.4

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

.1
0
.2
.2

.1
.3
.5
.5

33,100
2,800
17,600
16,200
6,300
2,700
1,200
5,800
3,600
12,400
8,500

.1

.1

0
-.1
.2
.1
.1
.2

.1

6,100
3,800
2,800
2,300
1,100
1,400
1,000
900
1,600
2,800
2,400
1,000
2,700

0
0
-.1
-.1
-.1
.1
0
0
-.1
0
0
0
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3

Services^
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nec

29,100
3,200
5,900
8,100
13,900
2,800
11,800
11,400
2,400
1,900
1,100
5,500
9,700
5,300
2,700
2,000
2,800
1,800
1,100
13,200
7,900
4,800
1,300
700
3,800
4,900
2,400
3,100
400

0
.2
.2
-.1
.1
0
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
.3
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
.3
0
.2
0
0
0
.1
.1

.1
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.8
.6
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.7
.2
.7
.2
.2
.3
.3
.8

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

23,900
10,400
8,900
11,600
10,900
4,700
18,800
16,000
12,100

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.3
.3
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.2

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

^The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.




.1

.4
.3
.1
.3

.2

.3
.1
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1992
through December 1996.

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 334 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings
ally the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin. Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.

Estimates for States

Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMA's, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Preliminary estimate—employment.
The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted
series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.

Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-11 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-11 ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and




1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Establishment data
Effective in June 1997, with the release of the March 1996
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series. The X-12 ARIMA
(first introduced in June 1996) replaces the X-11 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised back to 1988.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this varia-

tion can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
series, however, are used in the aggregation to broader level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.




BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-11
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-11
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1997, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1997, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1997-April 1998 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-1 and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-11
ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

INDEX to STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional. State, and
area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages: Household data in the January issue; national establishment data in the Januar March, and June issues; State and area establishment
and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the sting on the inside front cover of this publication.
Quarterly averages

Monthly
Topic

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index)
Agricultural industries

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

44-45
B-9
A-1-3, 7,11

A-15, 21-22,
30,35

D-1, 5, 9

D-12-15

A-23-27
A-22

D-5
D-5

D-14-15

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly

A-7
A-7
B-6
B-11
B-11

A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2.15,17-18

Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Occupation
Race

A-5

A-16-17

D-3

A-3-4, 6, 8
A-4
B-3-5. 7
A-7
A-4

A.14-16, 18-19, 22
A-16-17
A-21; B-12-14
A-19-21
A-14-18, 20

D-1-2. 4 , 6
D-2

D-12-13,16
D-12-16

D-5
D-2

D-14-15
D-12, 14, 16

A-2-4, 6-8; B-4

A-14-20. 22: B-13

D-1-2. 4-6

D-12-16

A-6

A-18. 33

D-4

D-14-15

B-8-10

A-23-27; B-2,
15. 18

A-7, 11
A-1-3, 7

A-26. 28, 34
A-37
A-15, 22

A-6

A-36
A-18

Sex
Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
'Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

B-5, 8-9, 11
B-7;C-1-2
A-3-4, 6, 9-10

Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4

Reason
Sex

A-12
A-2-4, 6, 9-10

Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era




Annual
averages

Not
seasonally
adjusted

D-20-22

D-5, 9
D-1, 5
D-4

D-14-15

B-12, 15-18
A-16
B-14, 18; C-3
A-14-16,18, 28,
31-32, 34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30, 35
A-29, 35
A-14-18, 28,
31, 34
A-31-32
A-14-18, 28-32,
34
A-38

A-1-2; 1-2, 5-6.
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13, 15-16
35
B-2,15-17: 50:2
B-2,15,17;
37-39, 50: 2
7
3-6. 8-9.14-15
4-7,11-13.18
B-1,12-13: 16-18. 48: ^
9-13, 17
3, 5, 7-8,10-12,14,
17-18
B-13: 2-18
8.12-13. 30
A-1-2: B-1-2; 1-2
B-15:19-23. 50: 2
33-34
24, 31
36
A-1-2; 1-2, 5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8, 12-13
B-12,15-17; 49-50
1-3

D-1-2, 7-8

D-12-13, 17

D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2

D-19
D-12-13,17-19
D-12, 17-21

D-10
D-1-2, 7-8

D-18
D-12-13, 17
D-23-24

3-6, 8, 24. 27, 29,
33
29-32
4-7, 28
26, 32
25,32
3,5, 7-8, 24, 28,
31,33
27-29
2-8,24, 25-27, 29,
31, 33-35
40-43
46-47

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

REGION I—BOSTON
JFK Federal Buiiding
Rm E310
Boston, MA 02205
Phone (617)565-2327

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

BLS
Region

IV

VIII MONTANA

X
IX
VI

REGION l l - N E W YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION lll-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW.
Atlanta. GA 30303
Phone: (404)562-2463
REGION V - C H I C A G O
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880

IX

VIII
I

III

III

IV

IV

IX
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970

X
V
V

REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
KansasCity. MO64105-2112
Phono: (816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P O Box 193766
San Francisco. CA 94119
Phone '415)975-4384




VII
VII
IV

VI

I

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

ALABAMA

Department of Industrial Relations. Room 427.
Industrial Relations BIdg., Montgomery 36130
ALASKA
Department of Labor. Research and Analysis
Section. 1111 West 8th St.. Juneau 99802-5501
ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St.. Phoenix 85005
ARKANSAS
Employment Security Department.
P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981
CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., BIdg. 1100. Sacramento 95823
COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln Street. Denver 80203
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department. Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
DIST OF COL.
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE ,
Atlanta 30303
HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St,
Boise 83735
ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
KANSAS
Department of Human Resources. 401 Topeka
Avenue. Topeka 66603
KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research. 20 Union St..
Augusta 04330
MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training.
Research and Analyst Division. 1100 North
Eutaw St.. Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training.
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley BIdg.,
Boston 02114
MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division. Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division. 5th Fl.. 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

Department of Labor and Industry. P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
VII NEBRASKA
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department. 500 East
3rd St, Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
II
NEW JERSEY
Research, P O Box 2765. Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission. 401 BroadVI NEW MEXICO
way, TIWA BIdg., Albuquerque 87103
Department of Labor. Division of Research and
II
NEW YORK
Statistics, State Campus. Room 400. BIdg 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service. P.O. Box 1537. Bismarck 58502
V
OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
Vi OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
Employment Division, 875 Union St, NE.,
X
OREGON
Salem 97311
Bureau of Research and Statistics
III
PENNSYLVANIA
3 0 0 Capitol Associates Building
Harrisburg, PA 1 7 1 2 0 - 0 0 3 4
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
II
PUERTO RICO
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl.. 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl.. 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
I
RHODE ISLAND
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
Department of Employment Security, Research
IV TENNESSEE
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
BIdg.. Nashville 37219
Employment Commission, Room 208-T. 1117
VI TEXAS
Tnnity St., Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security, Labor
VIII UTAH
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information. P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services. P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
53 A. 54-A&B Kronpnndsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
Employment Security Department. Labor Market
X
WASHINGTON
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
III WEST VIRGINIA
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
Department
of Industry, Labor, and Human
V
WISCONSIN
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission. Research
VIII WYOMING
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602