Full text of Employment and Earnings : May 1990

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33

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
May 1990




In this issue: State and area annual averages
Area definitions

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
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Second class postage paid at Washington. DC and a;
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Material in this publication is in the public domain and.
with appropriate credit, mav be reproduced whhout
permission.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin.
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans. famiiy
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan -nonnictropolitan and poveriy-nonpoverty
area data
Jan. Apr. July. Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry diviMons (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail < final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)
National data revised u- reilea new benchmarks and
new seasonal adjustment faeiorv
Revised hhion- 1 ;;! n;uional daiu

ISSN 00 i 3-6840




Jan. Eeb.

State and area labor force data

Mar.

June 1
Supplement-

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 37

No. 5

May 1990

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, vpril 1990 .
New seasonal adjustment factors for the establishment data series

2
5
7

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Not seasonally adjusted—
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

13
51
87

16

52
69
90
112
121

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Annual averages—States and areas
Area definitions
Explanatory notes




43
64
109
118
128
158
165

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1979 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race . . . .,
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship

13
14
15
16
19
20
21
23
24
25

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
33
33

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status

34
35
36
37
38
38
39
39
40
41
42

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

43
44
45
46
47
47
48
48
49
49

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1938 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

51
52
63
64
65
66
67

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

69

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted

87
90
106
107
108
109
110
Ill

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas

112

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

118
119
120

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

121

ANNUAL AVERAGES—ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page
States and Areas, 1987-89
Employment
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

128

Hours and Earnings
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas. . .

146

ANNUAL AVERAGES—STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA




States and Areas, 1988-89
3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

151

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, April 1990

Unemployment edged up in April and the number of
payroll jobs was about unchanged. The overall jobless rate
of 5.3 percent and the civilian worker rate of 5.4 percent
were both up by 0.2 percentage point from the previous
month but remained within the narrow range that has prevailed for the past year and a half.
Payroll employment, as measured by the survey of nonfarm business establishments, was virtually unchanged at
110.5 million in April, after seasonal adjustment, despite the
addition of 80,000 temporary census workers. Total civilian
employment, as measured by the survey of households, fell
slightly to a seasonally adjusted level of 118.1 million.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons and the civilian
worker unemployment rate edged up in April, reaching 6.8
million and 5.4 percent, respectively. Most of the increased
joblessness occurred among 20-24 year-olds. Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men rose
0.3 percentage point to 4.8 percent, as did the rate for whites.
Jobless rates for adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers (14.7
percent), blacks (10.4 percent), and Hispanics (8.0 percent)
were little changed over the month. (See tables A-33, A-34,
and A-38.)
Both the mean and median duration of unemployment, at
12.1 and 5.0 weeks, respectively, were about unchanged in
April. The number working part time for economic reasons—
often referred to as underemployed workers—was also about
unchanged, at 4.9 million. (See tables A-40 and A-35.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Total civilian employment declined slightly in April to a
seasonally adjusted level of 118.1 million. As a result, the
proportion of the working-age population that is employed
(the employment-population ratio) edged down to 62.9 percent in April, the same as a year earlier. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force, 124.9 million, and the labor force
participation rate, 66.5 percent, were little changed over the
month. Over the past year, the labor force has expanded by
only 1.2 million, with adult women accounting for threefourths of the gain. (See table A-33.)




Industry payroll employment
Total nonfarm employment, at 110.5 million in April, was
little changed for the second consecutive month. In the goodsproducing sector, employment fell by 115,000, after seasonal
adjustment. Service sector jobs rose by 180,000, but nearly
half of the increase occurred in Federal Government, reflecting the additional hiring of temporary workers to assist with
the 1990 census. Excluding the Federal Government, job
growth has averaged 175,000 a month so far in 1990, down
slightly from the pace of 1989. (See table B-4.)
Construction employment fell by 100,000, after seasonal
adjustment. After large fluctuations in seasonally adjusted
employment, reflecting a winter marked by unusual weather,
the April count of construction jobs was about the same as
that recorded last fall. Manufacturing employment showed
further weakness; the decline was concentrated in the durable
goods component, with the largest job loss occurring in the
machinery industry. In nondurable goods, an increase of
nearly 10,000 in apparel reflected the return from March
layoffs. Factory jobs have decreased by 280,000 over the
past 13 months. Mining employment increased slightly in
April; since the beginning of 1989, mining jobs have risen
by 45,000, mostly in oil and gas extraction.
In the service-producing sector, the number of government
employees increased by 130,000, as an estimated 80,000 temporary census workers were added to the payrolls, bringing
the total hired thus far to nearly 200,000. Elsewhere, job
gains were quite modest. Employment in retail trade and in
transportation and public utilities was unchanged. Within the
finance, insurance, and real estate industry, a small gain in
insurance was offset by a decline in real estate. After strong
growth in the first quarter, employment in the services industry was about unchanged overall, even though the health
services component added another 45,000 jobs.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in April
at 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. In manufacturing, the
workweek declined 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, and factory overtime also fell 0.2 hour to 3.5 hours. (See table C-5.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers was about unchanged in April
at 130.2 (1977 = 100), after seasonal adjustment. The index
for manufacturing declined by 0.5 percent to 93.9, and the
construction index fell 4.6 percent to 139.9. (See table-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings

supervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 0.3
percent in April, on a seasonally adjusted basis. Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings rose 4 cents
to $9.97 and average weekly earnings advanced $2.38 to
$343.97. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose 3.6
percent and weekly earnings were up 2.7 percent. (See tables
C-l and C-7.)

Both hourly and weekly earnings of production or non-




Note on temporary census workers
The hiring of temporary workers for the 1990 decennial
census affects current levels of Federal Government employment
and higher aggregates. Estimates of these workers are 22,000,
27,000, 117,000, and 195,000 in January, February, March, and
April 1990, respectively. Preliminary employment estimates
( " B " tables) that include these workers may be subject to larger
than normal revisions.

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

May

June 1

August

September 7

June

July 6

September

October 5

July

August 3

October

November 2

New Seasonal Adjustment Factors
for the Establishment Data Series

*Fred R. Cronkhite
In June 1989, the Bureau of Labor Statistics initiated the
practice of computing and publishing projected factors twice
a year for use in seasonally adjusting establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. This schedule has
been affected by the upcoming incorporation of the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification codes into national
establishment-based data. Thus, in this issue of Employment
and Earnings, seasonal adjustment factors are provided
only for the 4-month period April-July 1990. This article
provides details on the alteration in schedule and also
describes a new moving-holiday adjustment being used for
most of the average weekly hours series and the manufacturing overtime hours series.
BLS is currently engaged in the revision of the establishment data to reflect both the March 1989 benchmark levels
and the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (sic) codes.
This dual revision will add 3 months to the process of
adjusting establishment data to new benchmark levels.
The April-July 1990 factors published in this issue reflect
March 1988 benchmark levels and the 1972 SIC structure.
Seasonal adjustment factors for the period August 1990
through April 1991 will be published in the September 1990
issue along with the release of March 1989 benchmark levels
based on the new sic structure. Factors for the 6-month
period May-October 1991 will appear in the June 1991 issue,
reestablishing the practice of publishing 6 months of factors.
Historical seasonally adjusted data will continue to be
revised and published once each year, coincident with the
introduction of new benchmarks.
With the publication of April-July factors, a new movingholiday extension of X-ll ARIMA is used to seasonally
adjust the average weekly hours series and the manufacturing overtime hours series. Most holidays affect economic
data in a way sufficiently consistent from year to year to allow
the standard X-ll assumptions about seasonally to work
reasonably well. Easter, however, can occur anywhere from
March 22 to April 25 and is the principal example of a potential source of the seasonal or calendar effects generally called
"moving-holiday effects" in economic series. Labor Day also
causes aberrations in the data when it occurs during the survey
reference period. When these effects are present and not controlled for, they tend to confound seasonal component estimation for the affected month or months.




While the payroll employment and earnings series are not
significantly affected by the Easter period, the average
weekly hours series for retail trade and most manufacturing
industries exhibit significant, well-defined effects in the April
data related to the timing of Easter. In manufacturing industries, for example, many workers take some hours off
without pay during the workdays around Easter. In years in
which the week before or after Easter falls within the April
payroll reference period, average weekly hours tend to
decrease substantially, while in the other years the series are
unaffected. The standard X-ll method averages the hours
movements for years with and without the Easter effect and
produces April seasonal adjustment factors that usually do
not adjust very well for either type of behavior. The new
BLS moving-holiday extension provides a means of averaging the different types of behavior separately and allowing
the differences to be reflected in the final seasonal factors.
The seasonal adjustment factors provided in this issue were
derived using data through March 1990. The factors for all
published series are shown in tables 1 through 6. For a few
series characterized by a small seasonal component relative
to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components, seasonally
adjusted data are not published. These series are identified
in tables 2, 4, and 6.
Seasonal adjustment factors for all establishment-based
series are computed using the X-ll ARIMA procedure. A
general description of this procedure and the moving-holiday
adjustment appears in the January 1990 issue of this publication in the article "Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor
Force Series."
Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied to
the component levels, which, for published series, are
generally at the 2-digit industry level in manufacturing and
at the major division level elsewhere. Seasonally adjusted
totals are obtained either by arithmetic aggregation or by
taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for
the component series.

* Fred R. Cronkhite is Chief of the Branch of National Benchmarks in
the Division of Monthly Industry Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics.




Table 1. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonagricultural payrolls by
industry
1990
Industry
Apr.
Total

May

June

July

1

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

98.9
98.6

99.7
99.0

100.5
99.9

101.0
100.7

Construction

97.1
96.5

100.8
99.7

103.9
103.3

105.9
105.2

98.2
100.1
99.7
100.1

99.8
99.6
100.9
100.0

102.2
99.8
102.1
100.6
100.6
100.6
100.5
100.1
100.5
101.3
100.5
100.7

102.5
98.1
101.6
98.9
100.6
99.0
99.6
99.5
98.8
97.5
100.1
97.7
102.4
93.7
98.5
97.0
100.4
99.8
100.6
102.2
98.9
95.8

General building contractors
Manufacturing1
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products 2
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

99.7

99.8

99.7
100.2
99.6
100.4
100.9

99.9
100.2

99.8

99.9

99.5
100.6

101.3
99.8
99.8

96.6
94.8
99.8
100.2
99.4
100.1
99.7
99.2
100.1
99.5

100.0
100.3
99.7
99.9
99.9
100.6
100.2
100.1

100.2
93.6
100.6
100.9
101.0
100.2
100.8
102.0
100.7
101.5

Transportation and public utilities1
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

99.4
99.6

100.1
99.9

100.7
100.6

99.5
101.0

Wholesale trade1
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

99.8
99.6

100.0
99.9

100.5
100.7

100.5
100.7

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places

98.9
96.6
98.8
99.6
99.7

100.0
97.1
99.4
100.2
101.8

100.9
97.7
100.3
100.9
103.3

100.5
97.6
100.4
101.2
102.5

99.6
99.9
98.9

99.8
100.0
100.4

100.6
100.3
103.1

100.9
100.5
104.0

Services
Business services
Health services

100.2
99.3
99.8

100.4
99.8
99.8

100.9
100.6
100.4

101.0
100.6
100.5

Government1
Federal
State
Local

99.8
102.7
102.2

100.3
101.5
102.6

101.0

101.3
94.7
92.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate1
Finance
Insurance

Real estate

1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by
aggregation of the component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the

97.4
92.7

97.1
101.5

unadjusted series for one year. Factors shown are
projected using X-11 without the ARIMA option.




Table 2. Seasonal adjustment factors for women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by
industry
1990
Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Total1
Mining

99.9

99.7

100.6

101.3

Construction

99.0

100.1

101.3

102.0

99.4
100.3
99.8
100.1

100.3
100.0
100.2

102.2
99.6
101.4
101.2
100.7
100.7
100.0
100.4
100.5
100.8

101.2
97.9
100.3
98.5
98.7
99.9
99.1
99.2
99.5
97.1
103.2
89.4
98.7
96.5
100.8
99.9

Manufacturing1
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical2
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods1
Food and kindred products2
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

99.5
100.1
99.8
99.7

100.0
100.2
100.3
99.4
100.1
99.9
99.8

94.8
91.9
99.8
100.4
99.0
100.3
99.4

95.8
90.6
100.1
100.5
99.6
100.1
99.7

(3)
99.9

(3)
100.2
100.1

99.2
91.0
100.7
100.8
101.2
100.3
101.2
(3)
100.7
101.2

100.3

100.6

99.7

100.3

99.7

100.6

99.9

100.7

100.2

100.4

99.8
100.2

99.2
Transportation and public utilities

100.0

99.5
Retail trade

100.0

98.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate

100.8

99.7
Services
Government1
Federal
State
Local
1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by
aggregation of the component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the
unadjusted series for one year. Factors shown are
projected using X-11 without the ARIMA option.

100.1

100.4
99.8
103.0
103.5

96.1
99.0

99.9
Wholesale trade

100.8
(3)
98.4

100.3
101.5
103.8

101.1

96.7
101.2

101.4
93.8
88.6

3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed
because the seasonal component is small relative to
the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficent
precision.




Table 3. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1990
Industry
Apr.
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

May

June

July

2

98.7

99.7

100.6

101.0

96.5

100.9

104.7

107.1

98.0
99.9
99.7
100.1
99.8
99.6
100.4
99.5

99.8
99.4

102.5
99.6
102.5
100.7
100.7
100.6
100.4
99.9
100.8
101.5
100.6
101.0

102.9
97.7
102.0
98.5
100.6
98.7
99.0
98.8
97.6
96.5
99.5
97.1
103.0
91.3
98.4
96.5

99.9
100.9
100.2
100.3

100.0
91.5
100.6
101.0
101.1
100.1
101.1
102.6
100.7
101.5

2

Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products3
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

100.8

101.2
99.9
99.9
95.5
93.2
99.8
100.3
99.3
100.4
99.7
98.8
100.3
99.3

101.2
100.0

99.9
99.9
100.3

99.3
101.1
101.7
100.0
99.8

96.4
90.5
100.0
100.4
99.5
100.1

100.4
99.4
100.5

102.7
98.5
95.5

Transportation and public utilities

99.4

100.0

100.7

99.9

3

99.6

100.0

100.7

100.8

98.7

100.0

100.9

100.6

99.5

99.9

101.3

101.8

100.2

100.4

100.9

101.0

Wholesale trade
Retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate

3

Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.

10

2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by
aggregation of the component series.
3
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the
unadjusted series for one year. Factors shown are
projected using X-11 without the ARIMA option.




Table 4. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1990
Industry
Apr.
Total private

May

June

July

100.6
98.8

101.3
99.8
100.8
100.2
100.9
100.4
100.3
100.1
100.3
100.3
100.0
100.1

99.6
98.2
100.4
99.0
99.8
98,1
98.8
98.4
97.8
96.8
98.8
98.2

100.1
(4)
100.5
100.8
99.7
98.9
100.1
(4)

100.2
(4)
98.7
99.2
99.2
99.3
99.3
(4)

2

Mining3

0

Construction3

0

Manufacturing2
Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries3 5
Blast furnaces and basic steel products3....
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products5
Apparel and other textile products5
Paper and allied products5
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products3
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities3

5

Wholesale trade3
Retail trade5
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Services3
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by
aggregation of the component series.
3
No moving-holiday adjustment was done for
April because there was no evidence of significant
effects associated with the relative timing of Easter

99.8
97.6
100.0
99.8
100.0
97.1
97.3
97.1
96.6
98.6
97.9
97.4
97.9

0
97.2
96.8
98.1

98.9
99.9
(4)
97.8
97.3
99.6
99.8
99.9
100.0

100.8
99.8
99.9
99.7
99.5
99.2
100.5
100.8
99.2
99.7
99.6
(4)
99.6
99.8
99.6
99.1
99.5
(4)
99.8
100.5

100.2
102.0

98.5
100.0

99.7

100.4

101.1

99.8

100.2

100.6

99.6

101.1

102.5

100.4

101.2

0
99.5

and the reference period of the payroll survey.
4
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed
because the seasonal component is small relative to
the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
5
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the
unadjusted series for one year. Factors shown are
projected using X-11 without the ARIMA option.

11




Table 5. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production
workers on manufacturing payrolls
1990
Industry group
Apr.
Manufacturing

June

May

July

1

Durable goods2
Nondurable goods2

79.5
85.1

1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by
aggregation of the component series.
2
Moving-holiday adjustment was done for April

95.8
94.2

100.1
97.9

94.4
99.0

because there was evidence of significant effects
associated with the relative timing of Easter and the
reference period of the payroll survey.

Table 6. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1990
Industry division
Apr.

May

June

July

Mining

(3)

(3)

(3)

(3)

Construction

99.9

99.7

99.3

99.5

100.1

99.9

99.9

99.9

100.2

100.1

99.9

100.0

100 0

99.6

99 5

99.9

100.1

100.0

99.7

99.9

100.3

99.9

99.5

99.3

100 8

100.2

99 3

99.3

100.3

99.8

99.0

98.5

2

Total private

Manufacturing
Excluding overtime
TransDortation and Dublic utilities
Wholesale trade

4

Retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate

4

4

Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by
aggregation of the component series.
3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed

12

because the seasonal component is small relative to
the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
4
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the
unadjusted series for one year. Factors shown are
projected using X-11 without the ARIMA option.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1956
1957
1958
1959

112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322
188,081

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378
125,557

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2
66.8

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677
119,030

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709
1,688

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4
5.2

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October ....
November
December

187,708
187,854
187,995
188,149
188,286
188,428
188,580
188,721
188,865

125,299
125,224
125,777
125,679
125,758
125,725
125,857
126,192
126,246

66.8
66.7
66.9
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.7
66.9
66.8

118,768
118,805
119,208
119,102
119,238
119,121
119,294
119,540
119,588

1,684
1,673
1,666
1,666
1,688
1,702
1,709
1,704
1,700

117,084
117,132
117,542
117,436
117,550
117,419
117,585
117,836
117,888

3,144
3,137
3,138
3,217
3,275
3,219
3,197
3,160
3,197

113,940
113,995
114,404
114,219
114,275
114,200
114,388
114,676
114,691

6,531
6,419
6,569
6,577
6,520
6,604
6,563
6,652
6,658

5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3

62,409
62,630
62,218
62,470
62,528
62,703
62,723
62,529
62,619

1990:
January ....
February...
March
April

188,990
189,090
189,198
189,326

126,094
126,308
126,498
126,543

66.7
66.8
66.9
66.8

119,560
119,713
120,003
119,773

1,697
1,678
1,669
1,657

117,863
118,035
118,334
118,116

3,134
3,079
3,200
3,133

114,728
114,957
115,133
114,983

6,535
6,594
6,495
6,770

5.2
5.2
5.1
5.3

62,896
62,782
62,700
62,783

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1979 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed
Civilian

Resident
Armed
Forces

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1979

79,509

62,215

78.2

59,096

1,489

57,607

2,686

54,921

3,120

5.0

17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404
90,283

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474
69,360

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6
76.8

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820
65,835

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547
1,520

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3
5.1

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

90,094
90,167
90,237
90,315
90,384
90,456
90,535
90,606
90,678

69,293
69,142
69,542
69,366
69,404
69,360
69,599
69,635
69,725

76.9
76.7
77.1
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.9
76.9
76.9

65,727
65,713
66,078
65,939
65,919
65,681
66,046
66,011
66,143

1,521
1,511
1,501
1,499
1,519
1,531
1,533
1,529
1,525

64,206
64,202
64,577
64,440
64,400
64,150
64,513
64,482
64,618

2,460
2,465
2,480
2,539
2,592
2,520
2,513
2,477
2,535

61,746
61,737
62,097
61,901
61,808
61,630
62,000
62,005
62,083

3,566
3,429
3,464
3,427
3,485
3,679
3,553
3,624
3,582

5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.1

20,801
21,025
20,695
20,949
20,980
21,096
20,936
20,971
20,953

1990:
January
February
March
April

90,772
90,822
90,874
90,942

69,539
69,639
69,712
69,779

76.6
76.7
76.7
76.7

65,943
66,108
66,208
66,043

1,523
1,506
1,497
1,499

64,420
64,602
64,711
64,544

2,501
2,461
2,499
2,415

61,918
62,141
62,212
62,129

3,597
3,530
3,505
3,735

5.2
5.1
5.0
5.4

21,233
21,183
21,162
21,163

Annual averages
WOMEN
1979

86,951

44,343

51.0

41,325

108

41,217

661

40,556

3,018

6.8

42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92.924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918
97,798

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904
56,198

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6
57.5

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46.061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858
53,195

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162
168

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
687

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5
5.3

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

97,614
97,687
97,758
97,834
97,902
97,972
98,045
98,115
98,187

56,006
56,082
56,235
56,313
56,354
56,365
56,258
56,557
56,521

57.4
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.6
57.5
57.4
57.6
57.6

53,041
53,092
53,130
53,163
53,319
53,440
53,248
53,529
53,445

163
162
165
167
169
171
176
175
175

52,878
52,930
52,965
52,996
53,150
53,269
53,072
53,354
53,270

684
672
658
678
683
699
684
683
662

52,194
52,258
52,307
52,318
52,467
52,570
52,388
52,671
52,608

2,965
2,990
3,105
3,150
3,035
2,925
3,010
3,028
3,076

5.3
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.4

41,608
41,605
41,523
41,521
41,548
41,607
41,787
41,558
41,666

1990:
January
February...
March
April

98,218
98,268
98,324
98,383

56,555
56,669
56,785
56,764

57.6
57.7
57.8
57.7

53,617
53,605
53,795
53,729

174
172
172
158

53,443
53,433
53,623
53,571

633
618
702
718

52,810
52,815
52,921
52,853

2,938
3,064
2,990
3,034

5.2
5.4
5.3
5.3

41,663
41,599
41,539
41,619

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.

14




2

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages
1956
1957
1958
1959

110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I960 1
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.

186,024
186,181
186,329
186,483
186,598
186,726
186,871
187,017
187,165

123,615
123,551
124,111
124,013
124,070
124,023
124,148
124,488
124,546

66.5
66.4
66.6
66.5
66.5
66.4
66.4
66.6
66.5

117,084
117,132
117,542
117,436
117,550
117,419
117,585
117,836
117,888

6,531
6,419
6,569
6,577
6,520
6,604
6,563
6,652
6,658

5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

5.3
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.3

5.3
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.5

1990:
January
February ...
March
April

187,293
187,412
187,529
187,669

124,397
124,630
124,829
124,886

66.4
66.5
66.6
66.5

117,863
118,035
118,334
118,116

6,535
6,594
6,495
6,770

5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4

5.3
5.2
5.1
5.5

5.2
5.4
5.3
5.4

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
April 990
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

187,669
13,852
6,598
7,254
17,806
105,166
42,811
20,935
21,876
37,071
19,768
17,303
25,284
13,834
11,449
21,213
10,537
10,676
29,632
10,141
7,893
11,597

123,816
7,051
2,669
4,381
13,615
87,770
35,797
17,465
18,332
31,652
16,793
14,859
20,321
11,420
8,900
11,727
6,999
4,728
3,653
2,202
960
491

66.0
50.9
40.5
60.4
76.5
83.5
83.6
83.4
83.8
85.4
85.0
85.9
80.4
82.6
77.7
55.3
66.4
44.3
12.3
21.7
12.2
4.2

117,359
6,072
2,215
3,858
12,375
84,026
33,951
16,510
17,441
30,432
16,123
14,309
19,644
11,018
8,626
11,346
6,759
4,587
3,540
2,131
933

89,443
6,957
3,357
3,599
8,645
51,487
21,064
10,266
10,798
18,163
9,700
8,463
12,260
6,725
5,535
9,996
5,012
4,984
12,359
4,599
3,464
4,296

67,659
3,680
1,388
2,292
7,173
48,043
19,799
9,591
10,208
17,169
9,213
7,956
11,075
6,135
4,940
6,682
3,935
2,747
2,082
1,212
581
289

98,225
6,896
3,241
3,655
9,161
53,679
21,747
10,669
11,078
18,908
10,068
8,840
13,024
7,109
5,915
11,217
5,525
5,692
17,272
5,542
4,429
7,301

56,157
3,371
1,282
2,089
6,442
39,727
15,999
7,874
8,124
14,483
7,580
6,903
9,246
5,286
3,960
5,046
3,065
1,981
1,571
990
379
201

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

476

6,457
978
455
523
1,241
3,744
1,846
955
891
1,220
670
550
677
402
275
381
241
140
113
70
28
15

5.2
13.9
17.0
11.9
9.1
4.3
5.2
5.5
4.9
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.3
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.0
3.1
3.2
2.9
3.0

63,853
6,802
3,929
2,873
4,191
17,396
7,014
3,470
3,544
5,419
2,975
2,445
4,963
2,414
2,549
9,486
3,537
5,948
25,979
7,939
6,933
11,106

26,636
394
92
302
1,434
11,584
4,760
2,272
2,487
3,692
2,092
1,601
3,132
1,519
1,613
4,390
1,890
2,499
8,835
2,797
2,353
3,685

9,005
5,665
3,441
2,223
2,049
1,253
875
573
302
284
175
109
95
82
13
29
18
11
10
_
5
5

3,816
37
11
26
96
1,561
376
143
233
520
232
288
665
313
351
889
459
430
1,234
290
240
705

24,395
707
385
322
613
2,998
1,003
482
521
923
476
447
1,071
500
572
4,178
1,170
3,008
15,900
4,853
4,335
6,712

75.6
52.9
41.3
63.7
83.0
93.3
94.0
93.4
94.5
94.5
95.0
94.0
90.3
91.2
89.3
66.8
78.5
55.1
16.8
26.3
16.8
6.7

63,993
3,145
1,144
2,001
6,485
45,910
18,748
9,046
9,702
16,509
8,855
7,654
10,653
5,888
4,765
6,433
3,785
2,648
2,019
1,175
562
283

3,666
535
243
291
688
2,133
1,051
545
506
659
358
301
422
247
175
248
149
99
63
37
20
6

5.4
14.5
17.5
12.7
9.6
4.4
5.3
5.7
5.0
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.0
3.1
3.4
2.2

21,784
3,277
1,970
1,307
1,472
3,445
1,265
675
590
995
487
507
1,185
591
594
3,314
1,077
2,237
10,277
3,387
2,883
4,006

537
26
15
38
234
74
40
34
82
39
42
78
36
41
76
43
33
163
35
50
78

4,374
2,838
1,748
1,090
1,041
488
378
265
113
84
53
31
26
24

2,172
22
10
11
61
1,058
269
99
170
338
160
178
451
218
232
542
281
261
489
178
120
191

14,702
390
200
191
331
1,665
544
271
273
490
235
255
631
312
319
2,696
753
1,943
9,620
3,175
2,711
3,733

57.2
48.9
39.6
57.1
70.3
74.0
73.6
73.8
73.3
76.6
75.3
78.1
71.0
74.4
67.0
45.0
55.5
34.8
9.1
17.9
8.6
2.8

53,366
2,927
1,070
1,857
5,890
38,116
15,203
7,464
7,739
13,923
7,268
6,654
8,991
5,130
3,861
4,913
2,973
1,939
1,521
957
371
193

2,790
444
212
232
553
1,611
795
411
385
561
312
248

5.0
13.2
16.5
11.1
8.6
4.1
5.0
5.2
4.7
3.9
4.1

9,693
316
185
131
281
1,333
459

2.8
2.9
2.5
2.6
3.0
2.1
3.2
3.3
2.2
4.2

26,100
368
80
288
1,395
11,350
4,686
2,232
2,454
3,610
2,052
1,558
3,054
1,483
1,572
4,314
1,847
2,467
8,672
2,762
2,303
3,607

1,645
15
14
35
503
107
44
63
182

255

42,069
3,525
1,959
1,566
2,719
13,951
5,749
2,795
2,954
4,425
2,487
1,937
3,778
1,823
1,955
6,171
2,460
3,711
15,702
4,552
4,050
7,100

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

11

2
_
5
_
2
4

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

16




155
99
133
92
41
50
33

8
9

3.6

4,632
2,826
1,693
1,133
1,008
765
497
307
190
199
122
77
69
58
11

2P
18
11
4
_
3
1

72
110
214
95
119
347
178
169
745
112
119
514

212
248

433
241
192
441
188
253
1,482
417
1,065
6,280
1,678
1,624
2,979

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

160,170
11,164

106,460
6,097

5,295

2,359

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

5,869
14,688
89,203
35,860
17,457
18,402
31,637
16,749
14,889
21,706
11,879
9,827
18,574
9,174

9,400
26,541
8,976
7,100
10,465

3,738

11,529
75,121
30,313
14,772

15,541
27,216
14,352
12,864
17,592

9,891
7,701
10,413
6,199

4,214
3,300
1,997
843
460

818
447

4,895
779
370
408
854
2,830
1,344
701
642
950
511
439
536
325
211
337
215
122
97
59
25
13

4.6
12.8
15.7
10.9
7.4
3.8
4.4
4.7
4.1
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.2
3.5
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.8

53,710
5,067
2,935
2,132
3,159
14,082
5,547
2,685
2,861
4,422
2,397
2,024
4,114
1,988
2,126
8,162
2,975
5,186
23,241
6,979
6,257
10,005

22,972
310
71
240
1,100
9,679
3,896
1,839
2,057
3,132
1,748
1,383
2,652
1,286
1,366
3,860
1,641
2,219
8,023
2,507
2,150
3,366

6,719
4,182
2,534
1,647
1,597
914
626
400
226
215
134
80
73
60
13
17
12
5
9
1
3
5

2,865
25
11
14
57
1,148
271
110
162
369
165
204
508
238
270
660
331
329
975
216
197
563

21,154
550
320
231
405
2,341
753
337
417
707
350
357
881
404
477
3,624
991
2,633
14,234
4,255
3,907
6,071

76.5
56.8
45.3
67.5
84.7
94.2
94.9
94.5
95.4
95.4
96.0
94.8
91.3
92.1
90.4
67.9
80.0
55.9
17.2
27.2
16.7
7.1

56,036
2,770
1,035
1,735
5,618
40,012
16,178
7,778
8,400
14,449
7,719
6,730
9,385
5,181
4,204
5,781
3,391
2,390
1,854
1,086
500
268

2,822
425
193
232
480
1,646
788
409
379
524
281
242
334
200
134
221
135
85
51
28
17
6

4.8
13.3
15.7
11.8
7.9
4.0
4.6
5.0
4.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.7
3.1
3.7
3.8
3.4
2.7
2.5
3.2
2.3

18,085
2,430
1,482
949
1,097
2,547
903
478
425
721
337
384
924
461
463
2,836
883
1,953
9,175
2,989
2,582
3,604

376
24
12
12
17
162
53
28
25
59
25
34
49
26
23
50
27
23
124
29
36
59

3,282
2,095
1,297
798
834
348
274
191
83
56
36
21
18
16
2

1,656
16
10
6
37
777
184
74
110
242
113
130
351
171
180
426
217
209
399
140
95
164

12,772
295
162
133
210
1,260
392
185
207
363
163
200
506
248
258
2,359
639
1,720
8,648
2,820
2,450
3,378

57.2
52.4
43.8
59.9
72.5
74.4
74.2
74.9
73.5
76.8
75.5
78.2
71.2
74.7
66.9
45.3
56.1
35.0
9.0
18.1
8.2
2.8

45,529
2,548
954
1,594
5,057
32,279
12,792
6,292
6,499
11,817
6,122
5,695
7,671
4,385
3,286
4,295
2,593
1,702
1,350
852
318
179

2,073
354
177
176
374
1,184
556
292
264
427
230
197
202
125
77
116
80
36
45
31

4.4
12.2
15.7
10.0
6.9
3.5
4.2
4.4
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.3
2.6
2.8
2.3
2.6
3.0
2.1
3.3
3.5
2.5
3.6

35,625
2,637
1,454
1,183
2,062
11,534
4,644
2,207
2,436
3,701
2,061
1,640
3,190
1,527
1,663
5,326
2,092
3,234
14,066
3,990
3,675
6,401

22,596
286
59
227
1,083
9,517
3,842
1,811
2,031
3,072
1,723
1,349
2,603
1,259
1,343
3,810
1,614
2,197
7,899
2,479
2,113
3,307

3,437
2,087
1,237
849
763
566
352
210
143
159
99
60
55
44
11
17
13
4
4

1,210

8,382
255
157
98
196
1,081
362
152
210
344
187
157
375
156
219
1,265
352
913
5,586
1,435
1,457
2,694

66.5
54.6
44.6
63.7
78.5
84.2
84.5
84.6
84.5
86.0
85.7
86.4
81.0
83.3
78.4
56.1
67.6
44.8
12.4
22.2
11.9
4.4

101,564
5,318
1,989
3,329
10,675
72,292

28,970
14,071

14,899
26,266
13,840
12,425
17,056

9,566
7,490
10,076
5,984

4,092
3,203
1,938

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

76,943
5,625
2,709
2,916
7,195
44,205
17,869
8,665
9,204
15,693
8,337
7,356
10,644
5,842
4,801
8,838
4,409
4,428
11,080
4,103
3,098
3,879

58,858
3,195
1,228
1,967
6,098

41,658
16,966
8,187
8,779

14,973
8,000
6,972
9,720
5,381
4,338
6,002
3,526
2,476
1,905
1,114
516
274

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




83,227
5,539
2,585
2,953
7,492
44,998
17,991
8,792

47,602
2,902
1,131
1,771
5,431
33,463
13,347
6,585
6,763

15,944
8,412
7,532

12,243

11,062
6,037
5,026
9,737
4,765
4,972

7,873
4,510
3,363
4,411

15,461
4,873
4,001
6,587

1,395

6,351
5,892

2,673
1,738
883
327
186

3
1

8
20
371
87
35
52
126
52
74
157
68
90
234
114
120
577
76
101
399

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

21,228
2,154
1,055
1,098
2,438
12,030
5,338
2,671
2,667
4,051
2,259
1,792
2,641
1,386
1,255
2,114
1,087
1,027
2,492
910
629
954

13,335
762
249
513
1,641
9,618
4,264
2,113
2,151
3,367
1,879
1,489
1,986
1,080
906
1,032
613
419
282
158
101
23

62.8
35.4
23.6
46.7
67.3
80.0
79.9
79.1
80.7
83.1
83.2
83.1
75.2
77.9
72.2
48.8
56.4
40.8
11.3
17.4
16.0
2.5

11,973
585
171
413
1,278
8,849
3,826
1,886
1,940
3,143
1,742
1,401
1,880
1,025
855
994
593
401
268
148
98
22

1,362
177
78
100
363
769
438
227
212
225
136
88
106
55
52
39
20
18
14
10
3
2

10.2
23.3
31.2
19.4
22.1
8.0
10.3
10.7
9.8
6.7
7.3
5.9
5.4
5.1
5.7
3.7
3.3
4.4
5.0
6.1
2.7

7,893
1,392
806
585
797
2,412
1,074
558
516
683
380
303
655
306
349
1,082
475
607
2,210
752
528
930

2,763
70
18
52
278
1,346
647
323
324
342
202
140
357
158
199
409
200
209
660
217
155
288

1,672
1,167
725
441
302
192
144
91
53
37
28
9
11
10
1
10
4
6
2

876
12

9,529
1,065
531
534
1,107
5,406
2,417
1,209
1,209
1,816
1,009
807
1,173
605
568
944
482
462
1,006
386
280
341

6,611
396
134
262
831
4,720
2,160
1,076
1,084
1,599
897
701
961
506
456
531
312
220
133
70
52
11

69.4
37.2
25.3
49.0
75.1
87.3
89.4
89.0
89.7
88.0
89.0
86.9
82.0
83.5
80.3
56.3
64.7
47.6
13.2
18.0
18.6
3.3

5,887
298
86
212
635
4,324
1,933
959
974
1,494
836
658
896
472
425
508
301
207
123
62
49
11

725
98
48
49
197
397
227
117
110
104
61
43
65
34
31
24
11
13
10
7
3

11.0
24.7
36.0
18.9
23.6
8.4
10.5
10.8
10.2
6.5
6.8
6.1
6.8
6.7
6.8
4.5
3.6
5.8
7.5

2,917
669
397
272
276
686
257
133
124
217
111
106
212
100
112
413
170
242
874
316
228
330

139
2

768
573
360
212
130
64
43
28
15
16
11
5
4
4

472
6

11,699
1,089
524
564
1,331
6,624
2,921
1,462
1,459
2,235
1,250
985
1,468
780
688
1,170
605
565
1,486
524
349
613

6,724
366
115
251
810
4,897
2,104
1,037
1,067
1,769
981
787
1,025
575
450
501
301
200
149
88
49
12

57.5
33.6
21.9
44.5
60.9
73.9
72.0
70.9
73.2
79.1
78.5
80.0
69.8
73.6
65.5
42.8
49.7
35.4
10.1
16.9
14.0
2.0

6,086
287
85
201
643
4,525
1,893
927
966
1,649
906
742
984
554
430
486
292
194
145
86
49
10

638
79
29
50
167
373
211
110
101
120
75
45
41
21
20
15
9
6
4
2

9.5
21.7
25.5
20.0
20.6
7.6
10.0
10.6
9.5
6.8
7.6
5.7
4.0
3.7
4.5
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.8

4,975
723
410
313
521
1,726
817
425
392
466
269
197
443
206
238
669
304
365
1,337
435
300
601

2,624
68
19
50
258
1,287
627
312
316
329
197
133
331
150
180
384
184
200
627
211
144
271

904
594
365
229
172
128
101
62
38
21
16
4
7
6
1
10
4
6

404
6

12
35
382
96
31
65
139
56
83
147
70
77
214
121
93
234
66
41
127

2,582
143
63
80
182
492
187
114
73
165
94
71
140
67
73
449
150
299
1,315
469
330
516

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
13 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

3
20
58
19
11
8
13
6
7
26
8
18
25
16
9
33
6
11
17

6
20
257
78
23
55
87
39
48
92
44
48
107
59
48
82
32
24
26

1,538
89
37
52
105
307
116
70
46
101
56
45
89
44
45
280
95
185
756
279
191
287

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

18




14
125
18
8
11
52
17
35
55
27
28
106
62
45
152
34
17
101

1,043
54
26
28
76
185
71
44
27
64
38
25
51
22
28
169
55
114
558
190
139
229

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Employed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

27,499
2,688
1,303
1,385
3,119
15,963
6,951
3,478
3,474
5,434
3,019
2,415
3,578
1,955
1,622
2,638
1,363
1,276
3,091
1,165
794
1,132

17,356
954
310
644
2,087
12,648
5,484
2,693
2,791
4,436
2,442
1,994
2,728
1,529
1,199
1,314
800
514
353
205
118
30

63.1
35.5
23.8
46.5
66.9
79.2
78.9
77.4
80.3
81.6
80.9
82.6
76.3
78.2
73.9
49.8
58.7
40.3
11.4
17.6
14.8
2.7

15,795
754
226
528
1,700
11,735
4,981
2,439
2,542
4,166
2,283
1,883
2,587
1,452
1,136
1,270
775
495
336
193
115
29

12,500
1,331
648
683
1,450
7,282
3,195
1,601
1,594
2,470
1,363
1,107
1,616
883
733
1,158
602
556
1,279
496
366
417

8,801
485
160
325
1,075
6,385
2,833
1,404
1,429
2,196
1,213
984
1,355
753
602
680
408
271
177
98
65
15

70.4
36.4
24.6
47.6
742
87.7
88.7
87.7
89.6
88.9
88.9
88.9
83.9
85.3
82.1
58.7
67.8
48.8
13.9
19.7
17.8
3.5

7,957
375
109
266
867
5,898
2,570
1,268
1,302
2,060
1,136
924
1,268
706
561
652
394
258
165
88
62
15

14,999
1,357
655
702
1,669
8,681
3,756
1,877
1,879
2,963
1,656
1,308
1,961
1,072
889
1,480
760
720
1,812
669
427
715

8,555
469
151
318
1,012
6,264
2,651
1,290
1,362
2,240
1,229
1,011
1,373
776
597
635
392
243
176
107
52
16

57.0
34.6
23.0
45.4
60.6
72.2
70.6
68.7
72.5
75.6
74.2
77.3
70.0
72.4
67.1
42.9
51.6
33.7
9.7
16.0
12.3
2.2

7,837
379
117
262
833
5,837
2,412
1,171
1,240
2,106
1,147
959
1,320
745
575
618
380
238
171
105
53
14

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

29
119
47
27
19
48
23
25
25
19
6
30
21
9
11
4
4
3

15,605
754
226
528
1,671
11,616
4,935
2,412
2,523
4,119
2,260
1,859
2,563
1,433
1,130
1,239
753
486
325
189
110
26

1,562
200
84
115
387
914
503
254
249
270
159
111
141
78
63
45
26
19
16
12
3
2

7,804
375
109
265
841
5,800
2,530
1,244
1,286
2,025
1,121
904
1,246
689
556
633
381
251
155
85
58
12

844
110
50
59
208
487
263
136
128
136
77
59
88
47
41
28
14
13
12

9.6
22.6
31.6
18.2
19.3
7.6
9.3
9.7
8.9
6.2
6.3
6.0
6.5
6.2
6.8
4.1
3.5
5.0
6.7
9.5

3,699
846
488
358
375
897
362
197
165
274
151
123
261
130
131
478
194
284
1,102
398
301
402

7,801
379
117
262
830
5,815
2,404
1,167
1,237
2,094
1,139
955
1,317
744
573
607
372
235
170
104
52
14

717
90
34
56
179
427
240
118
121
134
82
52
53
31
22
17
12
5
4
3

8.4
19.2
22.6
17.6
17.7
6.8
9.0
9.2
8.9
6.0
6.7
5.1
3.9
4.0
3.7
2.7
3.0
2.1
2.6
2.4

6,444
888
505
383
657
2,417
1,105
587
518
724
427
297
588
296
292
846
368
478
1,636
562
375

9.0
20.9
27.2
17.9
18.5
7.2
9.2
9.4
8.9
6.1
6.5
5.6
5.2
5.1
5.3
3.4
3.2
3.6
4.7
5.8
2.3

0

10,142
1,735
993
741
1,032
3,314
1,467
784
683
998
577
420
849
426
423
1,324
562
762
2,738
960
676
1,101

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

153

27
97
39
23
16
36
15
21
22
17
5
19
13
6
10
3
4
3

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

3
22
7
4
3
12
7
4
3
2
1
11
9
3
1
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

186,024
122,576
65.9
116,347
3,116
113,231
6,229
5.1
63,448

187,669
123,816
66.0
117,359
3,102
114,257
6,457
5.2
63,853

81,413
63,370
77.8
60,430
2,277
58,154
2,940
4.6
18,042

82,487
63,980
77.6
60,848
2,263
58,585
3,132
4.9
18,507

90,318
51,855
57.4
49,578
600
48,978
2,277
4.4
38,463

91,330
52,786
57.8
50,439
631
49,808
2,347
4.4
38,544

14,293
7,350
51.4
6,338
240
6,098
1,012
13.8
6,943

13,852
7,051
50.9
6,072
208
5,865
978
13.9
6,802

159,098
105,542
66.3
100,941
2,932
98,009
4,601
4.4
53,556

160,170
106,460
66.5
101,564
2,912
98,652
4,895
4.6
53,710

70,496
55,207
78.3
53,033
2,137
50,896
2,173
3.9
15,290

71,318
55,663
78.0
53,265
2,110
51,155
2,398
4.3
15,655

77,003
43,954
57.1
42,291
561
41,730
1,663
3.8
33,049

77,688
44,700
57.5
42,981
595
42,386
1,719
3.8
32,988

11,599
6,382
55.0
5,617
234
5,383
765
12.0
5,217

11,164
6,097
54.6
5,318
207
5,111
779
12.8
5,067

20,956
13,121
62.6
11,699
138
11,561
1,422
10.8
7,835

21,228
13,335
62.8
11,973
125
11,847
1,362
10.2
7,893

8,338
6,165
73.9
5,515
107
5,408
650
10.5
2,173

8,464
6,216
73.4
5,589
102
5,486
627
10.1
2,248

10,445
6,174
59.1
5,637
26
5,611
536
8.7
4,272

10,611
6,358
59.9
5,799
23
5,776
558
8.8
4,253

2,173
783
36.0
546
5
541
236
30.2
1,390

2,154
762
35.4
585

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

20




585
177
23.3
1,392

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,571
10,618
4,953

7,470
4,613
2,857

48.0
43.5
57.7

6,722
4,049
2,674

1,171
338
833

5,551
3,711
1,841

748
565
183

157
89
68

591
476
115

10.0
12.2
6.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

8,353
7,218

3,470
4,000
3,165

2,960
786

213
958
454
504

2,763
2,788
2,506
282

493
255
205
50

65
92
53
39

428
163
152

836

41.5
55.4
50.3
90.3

2,976
3,746

6,293
926

11

14.2
6.4
6.5
6.0

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,809
5,332
2,477

3,746
2,317
1,429

48.0
43.5
57.7

3,342
2,023
1,319

636
217
419

2,706
1,806

403
294
110

101
55
46

302
239
63

10.8
12.7
7.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,389
3,420
3,030
390

1,863

42.4
55.1
50.1
93.6

1,602
1,740
1,404
336

143
492
270
222

1,459
1,248

1,518
365

261
143
114
28

43
58
34
23

217
85
80
5

14.0
7.6
7.5
7.8

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,762
5,286
2,476

3,725
2,297
1,428

48.0
43.4
57.7

3,380
2,025
1,355

535
121
414

2,845
1,905

344
271
73

56
34
22

289
237
52

9.2
11.8
5.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,963

1,607
2,118

1,374
2,006
1,556

233
112
21

22
34
18
16

211

449

70
465
184
282

1,305

471

40.5
55.7
50.5
87.8

78
72
6

14.5
5.3
5.5
4.5

12,651
8,515
4,137

6,518
4,033
2,485

51.5
47.4
60.1

5,932
3,579
2,353

1,027
296
732

4,905
3,283
1,621

586
454
133

101
60
41

485
394
91

11.2
5.3

Men
Women

6,370
6,282

3,273
3,246

51.4
51.7

2,964
2,968

557
470

2,407
2,498

309
278

62
39

246
239

9.4
8.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,563
6,088
5,295

3,013
3,506
2,790
716

45.9
57.6
52.7
90.3

2,625
3,307
2,627
680

181
847
403
444

2,444
2,460
2,224
236

388
198

162
36

37
65
37
27

351
134
125
9

12.9
5.7
5.8
5.0

31.0
27.0
44.0

532
349
183

444
324
119

138
96
42

47
23
24

91
73
18

20.7
21.7
18.7

3,799
3,262
536

1,883

1,647

901

1,134
114

940
1,540
1,372
168

91

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

793

9.0

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

2,160
511

670
445
225

Men
Women

1,042
1,118

332
338

31.8
30.3

249
282

205
239

82
56

33
14

49
42

24.8
16.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,451
709
626
82

366
304
227
77

25.2
42.9
36.2
93.4

272
259

250
194
161
32

94
45
33
11

25
22
12
10

68
23
22
1

25.6
14.7
14.7
14.7

1,223
893
330

458
257
202

37.5
28.8
61.0

380
198
181

107
28
79

272
170
102

20
16
3

59
42
17

17.2
22.7
10.1

Men
Women

590
633

258
201

43.6
31.7

212
167

57
50

155
118

31
28

17.6
16.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

823

401
315

224
235
156

85

79

27.2
58.6
49.5
92.3

166
214
140
74

34
73
21
52

131
141
119
22

42
17
15
2

25.9
8.8
10.4
5.8

1,648

194
66

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

16
4
1
2

See footnotes at end of table.




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
16,088
3,234
12,853

13,196
2,437
10,759

82.0
75.3
83.7

11,725
2,024
9,701

10,142
1,526
8,616

1,582
498
1,085

1,471
413
1,058

1,363
379
983

109
34
75

11.1
17.0
9.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,147
8,007
2,511
1,423

2,711
6,824
2,291
1,369

65.4
85.2
91.3
96.2

2,165
6,102
2,151
1,308

1,746
5,285
1,899
1,212

419
817
252

546
723
141
62

509
664
131
60

37
59
10
2

20.1
10.6
6.1
4.5

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,793
1,625
6,168

7,107
1,363
5,744

91.2
83.9
93.1

1,122
5,166

5,695
920
4,775

593
202
391

819
241
578

795
237
558

24
4
20

11.5
17.7
10.1

2,203
3,881
1,109
599

1,825
3,636
1,065
581

82.8
93.7
96.1
96.9

1,494
3,224
1,010
560

1,283
2,962
929
521

211
262
81
39

331
413
55
21

327
393
55
21

4
20

18.1
11.3
5.2
3.6

8,295
1,610
6,686

6,089
1,074
5,015

73.4
66.7
75.0

5,437
902
4,535

4,448
606
3,841

989
296
694

652
173
479

568
142
425

84
30
54

10.7
16.1
9.6

1,943
4,126
1,402
824

886
3,188
1,226
788

45.6
77.3
87.5
95.7

671
2,878
1,140
748

463
2,323
970
691

208
554
171
56

215
310
86
41

182
271
76
38

33
39
10
2

24.3
9.7
7.0
5.2

13,200
2,649
10,551

11,107
2,064
9,043

84.1
77.9
85.7

10,061
1,739
8,322

8,746
1,323
7,424

1,315
417
898

1,046
325
721

960
306
654

86
19
67

9.4
15.7
8.0

Men
Women

6,451
6,749

6,020
5,087

93.3
75.4

5,424
4,637

4,956
3,790

468
847

596
450

578
382

18
67

9.9
8.8

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,303
6,531
2,083
1,283

2,281
5,668
1,918
1,240

69.1
86.8
92.1
96.6

1,862
5,175
1,834
1,191

1,527
4,480
1,628
1,112

335
694
206
79

419
494
84
49

393
447
74
47

26
47
10
2

18.4
8.7
4.4
4.0

2,432
505
1,926

1,733
317
1,416

71.3
62.6
73.5

1,331
236
1,095

1,109
169
940

222
67
155

402
81
321

380
66
314

22
15
7

23.2
25.5
22.7

Men
Women

1,130
1,302

895
838

79.2
64.3

683
648

573
535

110
113

212
190

206
174

5
16

23.7
22.7

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

705
1,318
327
82

346
1,030
280
77

49.1
78.1
85.5
94.2

227
811
227

150
709
196
53

77
102
31
13

119
219
53
11

109
208
53
11

10
11

34.4
21.3
18.9
13.7

2,151
525
1,626

1,647
371
1,275

76.6
70.7
78.5

1,457
292
1,165

1,297
241
1,056

159
51
109

190
80
111

165
75
91

25
5
20

11.6
21.5
8.7

Men
Women

1,144
1,007

1,052
594

92.0
59.0

938
518

876
421

62
97

114
76

105
60

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,172
733
200
45

826
596
182
43

70.5
81.3
91.0

716
530
170
41

652
456
149
40

64
74
21

110
66
12
2

98
54
11
2

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

22



10.8
12.8
12
12
1

13.3
11.1
6.6

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Employed

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over

7,389
6,435
1,840
3,221
1,374
954

7,607
6,525
1,470
3,335
1,720
1,082

6,730
6,099
1,731
3,057
1,311
631

6,916
6,151
1,378
3,182
1,591
766

6,491
5,873
1,639
2,961
1,273
618

6,659
5,908
1,302
3,067
1,540
751

239
226
92
96
38
14

257
242
76
116
51
15

3.6
3.7
5.3
3.1
2.9
22

3.7
3.9
5.5
3.6
3.2
1.9

16,022
7,302
4,654
4,066

17,045
7,818
5,020
4,207

14,965
6,924
4,336
3,705

15,936
7,440
4,670
3,825

14,355
6,624
4,177
3,554

15,321
7,173
4,490
3,657

610
300
159
150

615
267
180
168

4.1
4.3
3.7
4.0

3.9
3.6
3.8
4.4

NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
are limited to those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data




for 30-to 34-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 35-39 age category)
and the numbers remaining for some labor force categories are not
large enough to warrant their continued publication.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
April 1990
Unemployed

Employed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

96,778
1,864
211
1,653
94,914
9,449
85,464
74,377
11,087

95,203
1,795
194
1,601
93,408
9,229
84,179
73,263
10,916

1,574
69
17
52
1,505
220
1,285
1,114
171

20,582
4,208
2,004
2,204
16,373
2,925
13,448
9,649
3,799

17,582
3,892
1,958
1,934
13,690
2,434
11,256
7,820
3,437

3,000
317
46
271
2,683
492
2,191
1,829
362

5,266
468
127
342
4,798
1,051
3,747
3,390
357

1,190
510
328
182
680
190
491
354
137

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

57,210
1,137
56,073
5,193
50,880
43,990
6,890

56,250
1,107
55,143
5,069
50,074
43,295
6,779

960
30
930
124
806
695
111

6,783
2,008
4,774
1,292
3,483
1,920
1,563

5,492
1,859
3,633
1,044
2,589
1,164
1,425

1,290
149
1,141
248
894
756
138

3,179
292
2,887
604
2,283
2,040
243

487
243
245
84
161
93
68

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,567
727
38,840
4,256
34,585
30,387
4,197

38,953
688
38,266
4,160
34,105
29,968
4,137

614
39
575
96
479
419
60

13,799
2,200
11,599
1,634
9,965
7,729
2,236

12,090
2,032
10,057
1,390
8,667
6,656
2,012

1,709
168
1,542
244
1,298
1,074
224

2,087
176
1,911
447
1,464
1,350
114

703
267
436
106
330
261
69

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50,221
988
49,233
4,525
44,708
38,475
6,234

49,384
958
48,426
4,418
44,008
37,878
6,130

837
30
807
107
700
596
104

5,814
1,782
4,032
1,093
2,939
1,538
1,402

4,834
1,661
3,172
903
2,269
973
1,296

980
120
860
190
670
565
106

2,430
229
2,202
412
1,790
1,574
216

392
196
196
69
127
72
55

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,181
630
32,550
3,631
28,920
25,252
3,668

32,678
592
32,086
3,558
28,528
24,915
3,614

502
38
465
73
392
337
54

12,348
1,918
10,430
1,427
9,004
7,027
1,977

10,941
1,778
9,162
1,208
7,954
6,142
1,811

1,408
140
1,268
218
1,050
885
165

1,483
137
1,346
284
1,062
964
98

590
216
373
90
284
220
63

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,207
115
5,092
503
4,589
4,085
504

5,105
115
4,990
489
4,500
4,004
497

102
102
14
88
81
7

680
183
497
131
365
239
127

434
158
276
80
196
99
96

246
25
221
51
170
139
30

648
56
593
184
408
384
24

76
42
34
12
22
12
10

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,011
78
4,933
500
4,432
4,015
418

4,914
77
4,837
480
4,358
3,946
412

97
2
95
20
75
69
6

1,075
208
867
143
723
510
213

822
186
636
119
516
350
167

253
22
231
24
207
160
47

541
33
507
154
353
337
16

97
46
51
12
39
36
3

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according

24



to whether they usually work full or part time.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)

April 1990
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

98,991

66.4

93,849

5,142

5.2

50,187

21,585

8,102

2,647

17,853

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,056
26,692
848
12,515

77.9
91.7
91.9
58.5

38,756
25,907
740
12,108

1,300
785
108
407

3.2
2.9
12.7
3.3

11,369
2,413
75
8,882

161
98
1
61

209
131
2
77

1,106
448
14
645

9,893
1,736
58
8,099

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

30,028
26,648
893
2,487

58.4
68.8
68.7
21.9

29,105
25,907
785
2,413

923
740
108
75

3.1
2.8
12.1
3.0

21,397
12,108
407
8,882

16,767
10,605
345
5,817

388
331
11
46

446
153
23
270

3,797
1,019
29
2,750

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,529
4,503
4,341
3,684

61.5
50.4
72.8
67.4

11,252
3,951
3,938
3,363

1,276
552
403
321

10.2
12.3
9.3
8.7

7,842
4,439
1,621
1,782

743
83
159
501

5,295
3,915
1,223
157

346
8
39
299

1,458
434
200
824

Women who maintain families

6,791

62.1

6,306

485

7.1

4,138

2,806

250

210

871

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,384
1,294
1,551
2,539

59.5
46.1
72.8
61.8

4,560
1,039
1,250
2,271

824
255
301
268

15.3
19.7
19.4
10.6

3,660
1,513
579
1,568

683
67
115
501

1,590
1,230
273
87

388
21
37
330

999
195
154
650

Men who maintain families

2,302

77.2

2,179

122

5.3

681

65

41

91

483

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,902
320
479
1,105

63.4
54.5
75.6
62.0

1,690
264
429
997

212
55
49
108

11.1
17.3
10.3
9.8

1,100
267
155
678

360
20
35
305

329
227
82
20

60
1
1
58

350
18
37
295

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,499

3,666
1,415

White, 16 years and eve- ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,595
1,090
337

2,822
1,197
405

1,168

1,220

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

780
206
123
452

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,349

Women
Unemployment
rates

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

5.4
3.4
7.0
9.5

2,730
1,141
608

4.4
2.9
5.8
7.7

725
160
89
475

11.9

1,248
458
643

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

26




Apr.
1990

981

2,790
998
643
1,149

4.9
3.7
5.7
7.1

5.0
3.2
5.7
8.2

4.8
3.2
6.5
8.0

2,007
952
423
632

2,073
846
460
767

4.3
3.5
5.0
5.7

4.4
3.1
5.1
6.9

18.9

11.0
5.0
9.6
19.3

642
143
172
326

638
114
165
359

9.8
5.9
9.3
14.4

9.5
4.7
8.5
15.2

2,444
1,306
481
656

4.2
3.1
6.8
7.1

4.3
3.2
6.8
7.1

1,710
915
543
254

1,794
854
574
365

3.8
3.2
5.3
4.2

3.9
2.9
5.3
5.6

1,743
995
327
421

1,917
1,109
380
428

3.6
2.8
5.8
5.7

3.9
3.1
6.4
5.7

1,259
766
369
124

1,346
731
409
206

3.3
3.0
4.5
2.6

3.4
2.8
4.7
4.2

506
195
120
191

430
145

9.6
6.3
13.4
14.8

8.0
4.7
9.2
14.7

390
107
160
123

392
91
148
153

7.4
4.7
8.9
10.0

7.1
4.0
7.9
10.8

511

1,740

83
202

Apr.
1990

5.2
3.2
6.9
9.2

Unemployment
rates
Apr.
1989

1,356
472
1,671

Apr.
1989

Thousands of
persons

6.4
13.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates
Men

Total
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,457

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.4

4.9

5.0

556
296
259

563
326
237

1.8
2.0
1.6

1.8
2.2
1.5

1.8
2.1
1.5

1.8
2.2
1.5

1.8
1.8
1.8

1.8
2.2
1.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,347
86
600

661

1,443
94
628
721

3.6
2.3
4.2
3.5

3.8
2.3
4.3
3.7

3.2
2.2
3.2
3.7

3.4
2.4
3.1
4.4

3.8
2.5
5.2
3.4

4.0
2.3
5.5
3.5

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,149
66
80
1,003

1,054
42
55
958

7.0
7.3
4.0
7.5

6.3
5.5
2.8
6.9

6.2

6.4
5.4
4.6
6.5

797
205
439
153

827
175
449
203

5.6
4.3
8.2
3.6

5.9
1.9
5.6
6.6

1,503
650
302
552
157
394

1,694
675
317
702
181
522

7.8
7.3
5.9
10.2
17.2
8.8

Farming, forestry, and fishing

221

231

6.3

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

630
421
106
103

616
391
115
110

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,229

Women

7.3

O

O

3.6
8.4

2.4
7.4

6.8
6.3
6.3
6.9

5.7
3.8
8.0
4.7

5.7
4.4
8.2
3.4

5.7
3.9
8.0
4.2

4.4
.6
9.1
4.5

8.9
8.0
6.2

8.7
7.3
6.3
12.8

8.3
8.8
5.7
7.8

11.3

7.5
6.2
6.0
10.7
17.2
9.0

19.3
11.2

0

6.7

6.0

6.4

12.7
19.7

9.2

7.6

8.9
5.2
12.2
(1)
11.7

8.0

8.4

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total

Unemployment rates
Men

Total

Women

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,457

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.4

4.9

5.0

4,818

5,157

5.3

5.6

5.4

5.9

5.0

5.2

47
650

38
721

6.4
10.5

5.1
11.3

7.4
11.0

5.3
11.8

1.1
5.4

4.0
5.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,064
582
49
53

1,239

4.8
4.5
6.1
7.0
3.5
3.2
7.6
3.3
4.6
3.6
4.6
2.6
2.5
5.9
5.3
7.3
4.3
9.0
2.7
4.1
4.1
3.4
4.2

5.8
5.4
7.8
4.1
7.3
3.6
8.6
3.9
5.8
4.6
5.9
3.4
4.3
7.8
6.3
8.5
6.9
11.2
5.2
3.8
3.7
5.2
5.9

4.2
4.1
6.5
5.6
2.4
2.4
7.3
3.1
4.4
3.3
4.2
2.5
2.5
3.7
4.5
5.8
2.2
12.5
2.6
4.8
3.1
3.5
2.0

5.1
5.0
7.5
3.5
7.6
3.9
7.9
3.7
4.1
4.9
6.2
3.7
2.4
8.9
5.1
6.5
7.2
12.3
6.0
4.3
2.1
4.2
2.5

6.0
5.6
4.4
9.9
8.5
7.6
8.6
3.8
5.0
4.7
6.3
3.8
2.5
8.0
6.4
10.4
6.8
7.9
3.0
3.1
6.0
3.1
8.6

7.1
6.4
9.5
5.4
6.3
2.2
10.8
4.6
8.1
3.6
5.1
2.1
6.7
7.1
7.9
12.2
6.5
10.9
3.0
3.2
6.8
7.2
12.6

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

266
200
66
1,333
171

4.1
5.3
2.4
5.8
3.9
6.2
3.4
4.7
2.9
7.0

4.4
6.3
1.9
6.1
4.5
6.5
3.0
4.6
3.0
6.7

4.1
4.9
2.8
5.4
3.7
5.9
4.3
5.0
3.0
6.7

4.8
6.8
1.6
5.8
5.0
6.1
2.9
4.9
3.1
6.3

4.2
6.4
1.9
6.2
4.4
6.5
2.9
4.5
2.9
7.3

3.5
4.7
2.3
6.5
3.4
6.9
3.0
4.4
3.0
7.0

9.3
2.2

10.5
1.7

8.5
2.3

10.7
1.8

12.3
2.0

9.8
1.6

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

28




Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,229

21
26

105
83
97

99
61
37
17
32
482
137
30
114

21
77
60
27
17

690

59
29
48
32
108
100
123
120
74
46
31
40
548
157
47
123
37
69
51
39
25
289
237
52

1,162
253
1,205
433
772

1,434
200
1,234
219
1,218
462
756

165
616
630

187
496
616

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Black
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

978
202
37
165
178
248
350

4,601
2,230
671
1,559
714
1,250
407

4,895
2,517
793
1,723
829
1,184
366

1,422
650
105
545
140
418
214

1,362
600
130
469
203
398
162

100.0
16.8
5.0
11.8
11.6
30.1
41.6

100.0
20.7
3.8
16.9
18.2
25.3
35.8

100.0
48.5
14.6
33.9
15.5
27.2
8.8

100.0
51.4
16.2
35.2
16.9
24.2
7.5

100.0
45.7
7.4
38.4
9.8
29.4
15.1

100.0
44.0
9.6
34.4
14.9
29.2
11.9

2.3
1.6
4.1
5.7

2.9
2.5
3.5
5.0

2.1
.7
1.2
.4

2.4

5.0
1.1
3.2
1.6

4.5
1.5
3.0
1.2

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,229
2,990
787
2,203
889
1,720
630

6,457
3,213
944
2,269
1,065
1,625
554

2,940
1,906
521
1,385
410
545
79

3,132
2,025
612
1,413
439
594
75

2,277
914
216
698
362
870
130

2,347
986
295
691
448
783
129

1,012
169
50
119
117
304
421

100.0
48.0
12.6
35.4
14.3
27.6
10.1

100.0
49.8
14.6
35.1
16.5
25.2
8.6

100.0
64.8
17.7
47.1
13.9
18.5
2.7

100.0
64.6
19.5
45.1
14.0
19.0
2.4

100.0
40.2
9.5
30.7
15.9
38.2
5.7

100.0
42.0
12.6
29.5
19.1
33.4
5.5

2.4
.7
1.4
.5

2.6
.9
1.3
.4

3.0
.6
.9
.1

3.2
.7
.9
.1

1.7
.7
1.7
.3

1.5
.2

Apr.
1990

White

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




,

1.1
.3

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
April 1990
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over

Thousands
of persons

Percent

6,457

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

44.3

3,213
944
2,269
1,065
1,625
554

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

3,132

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

30.2

25.5

14.2

11.3

36.4
46.5
32.2
52.9
49.4
58.1

33.6
27.6
36.1
24.7
29.0
25.2

30.1
25.9
31.8
22.3
21.5
16.8

17.4
19.5
16.6
12.2
11.3
7.4

12.6
6.5
15.2
10.2
10.2

100.0

37.4

30.2

32.4

17.1

15.3

2,025
612
1,413
439
594
75

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.0
45.6
29.0
47.9
42.0
33.4

32.6
26.1
35.4
23.4
27.7
23.2

33.4
28.3
35.6
28.7
30.3
43.4

18.7
21.9
17.2
13.1
16.0
7.1

14.7
6.4
18.4
15.6
14.3
36.3

2,347

100.0

46.9

31.6

21.5

12.6

8.8

986
295
691
448
783
129

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

38.4
46.4
35.0
57.0
50.2
57.2

36.1
32.3
37.8
23.5
31.2
27.8

25.4
21.3
27.2
19.5
18.6
15.0

16.0
14.3
16.7
12.1
10.1
5.0

9.5
7.0
10.6
7.5
8.5

978

100.0

59.7

27.2

13.1

8.5

4.7

202
37
165
178
248
350

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

50.4

30.5

6.5

0

19.1
(1)
18.0
13.8
9.8
11.7

12.6

0

0

0

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

47.5
55.3
64.8
63.6

34.5
30.9
25.4
24.6

11.0
10.3
4.0
8.4

9.4

10.0

7.0
3.5
5.8
3.4

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
.
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

...

Averaae (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks

30




Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,229

6,457

100.0

100.0

4,997

5,266

100.0

100.0

2,778
1,804
1,290
514
1,647
878
769
306
464

2,858
1,953
1,355
598
1,646
915
731
325
406

44.6
29.0
20.7
8.3
26.4
14.1
12.3
4.9
7.4

44.3
30.2
21.0
9.3
25.5
14.2
11.3
5.0
6.3

1,945
1,553
1,104
449
1,499
782
716
269
447

2,158
1,641
1,115
526
1,468
824
644
268
376

38.9
31.1
22.1
9.0
30.0
15.6
14.3
5.4
8.9

41.0
31.2
21.2
10.0
27.9
15.6
12.2
5.1
7.1

13.5
6.3

13.0
5.8

15.1
7.7

13.9
6.5

_

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

21
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
and
weeks weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

April 1990
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,457
978

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,666
535
688

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

2,858
584
629
805
446
232
117
44

1,953
266
386
580
382
184
116
38

915
83
124
271
214
134
81
9

731
46
101
190
178
127
68
21

13.0
7.4
10.6
12.4
15.1
19.6
19.2
13.9

5.8
3.8
4.4
5.7
8.6
9.6
9.4
6.4

44.6
63.7
50.3
38.5
39.2
34.1
36.8
53.1

44.3
59.7
50.7
43.6
36.6
34.3
30.6
39.3

26.4
13.1
22.8
27.7
33.5
34.4
33.8
23.4

25.5
13.1
18.2
25.0
32.1
38.5
38.9
26.9

1,051
659
422
248
63

1,487
314
315
428
213
126
64
27

1,082
137
227
327
183
116
69
23

588
52
80
171
140
84
56
5

510
31
66
125
124
96
59
8

14.8
7.9
11.7
13.7
18.0
22.2
23.3

6.8
3.8
5.5
6.3
10.5
11.5
12.5

41.3
66.1
45.0
33.9
33.5
32.9
36.0

40.5
58.7
45.7
40.7
32.3
29.8
25.8

30.9
14.9
27.5
32.9
41.1
36.8
34.4

29.9
15.7
21.3
28.2
40.0
42.6
46.5

O

0

O

O

2,790
444
553
795
561
255
133
50

1,371
270
314
377
234
106
53
17

871
129
159
253
199
68
47
15

327
31
44
100
74
50
24
4

221
14
35
65
54
30
9
14

10.5
6.8
9.2
10.5
11.7
15.2
11.4

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,895
2,822
2,073

2,143
1,126
1,017

1,495
840
654

722
476
246

536
380
156

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,362
725
638

634
323
310

403
206
197

157
82
75

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,415
511
1,740

475
213
798

430
126
526

998
643

475
290
607

311
205
355

Women, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
20
25
35
45
55
65

to 24 years
to 34 years
to 44 years
to 54 years
to 64 years
years and over

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1

1,241
1,846
1,220
677
381
113

1,149

0

0

4.7
3.7
4.0
5.0
6.8
6.9
7.6

48.8
60.8
55.7
44.5
46.8
35.9
38.3

49.1
60.8
56.9
47.4
41.7
41.6
39.7

20.7
10.8
18.0
20.8
23.1
31.0
32.6

19.6
10.1
14.3
20.7
22.9
31.6
24.7

12.8
14.5
10.4

5.9
6.9
4.7

44.9
41.2
49.8

43.8
39.9
49.1

25.2
29.1
20.2

25.7
30.3
19.4

169
114
56

13.5
15.7
11.0

5.3
6.0
4.8

44.4
41.4
47.9

46.5
44.6
48.7

29.9
36.5
21.8

24.0
27.0
20.5

290
87
211

221
84
205

16.9
16.4
12.7

9.2
7.5
5.4

32.3
39.6
49.1

33.6
41.7
45.9

36.7
35.9
24.8

36.1
33.5
23.9

131
93
103

82
55
84

10.8
11.6
9.7

5.2
5.6
4.3

47.1
45.1
53.2

47.6
45.1
52.8

22.1
23.6
17.3

21.3
23.2
16.3

0

0

0

0

0

0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

April 1990

Unemployed Unemployed
less than
15 weeks
and over
5 weeks
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

563
1,443
1,054
827
1,694
231

214
638
527
309
707
96

186
454
295
261
508
74

78
220
110
170
251
40

84
131
122
87
229
22

14.4
11.6
11.9
14.2
14.6
13.3

7.4
5.8
4.5
7.9
6.4
7.1

34.3
47.1
52.3
38.9
35.7
54.8

38.0
44.2
50.0
37.4
41.7
41.6

30.9
23.8
22.1
33.0
31.1
21.0

29.0
24.3
22.0
31.0
28.3
26.8

187
731
1,244
694
550
314
1,438
1,609
97

86
276
467
226
241
123
682
748
32

54
214
431
247
185
106
445
447
38

24
163
180
112
68
56
179
223
10

22
77
166
109
56
29
133
191
17

13.2
13.6
14.9
16.4
13.0
12.8
11.2
13.0
15.8

5.7
6.9
7.3
8.6
5.7
7.3
5.1
5.5
7.4

58.9
36.5
41.5
39.3
44.1
35.6
48.8
43.6
34.9

46.0
37.8
37.5
32.6
43.8
39.2
47.4
46.5
33.0

13.4
33.7
29.4
31.2
27.4
32.7
24.8
24.5
34.7

24.6
33.0
27.7
31.8
22.5
27.4
21.7
25.7
27.8

616

358

160

42

56

10.7

3.9

59.0

58.1

19.1

15.9

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.

32




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
April 1990
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,457
978
1,241
1,846
1,220
677
381
113

5,390
923
1,082
1,520
971
522
281
91

23.3
12.2
25.5
25.0
26.4
28.0
26.7
9.9

9.5
4.3
9.2
10.8
12.3
12.5
7.5
2.8

73.0
81.5
72.9
71.1
74.6
68.0
63.0
62.4

37.4
24.0
37.9
41.8
36.7
43.1
45.1
44.4

20.0
18.0
19.2
18.9
22.8
21.5
23.8
18.0

4.5
2.4
5.0
4.2
4.8
6.4
5.8
5.6

1.68
1.42
1.70
1.72
1.78
1.79
1.72
1.43

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,666
535
688
1,051
659
422
248
63

2,976
506
580
828
516
314
181
52

26.6
15.2
31.3
28.0
31.1
29.2
2A'

10.3
4.8
9.1
11.8
16.3
11.4
6.0

73.5
81.8
73.5
71.8
74.2
68.9
63.8

23.2
21.9
22.3
22.0
25.7
26.9
22.0

5.1
2.0
3.9
4.8
6.3
8.4
8.2

1.74
1.47
1.77
1.78
1.88
1.87
1.68

0

0

35.3
21.1
36.8
39.1
34.4
42.0
43.4

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,790
444
553
795
561
255
133
50

2,413
417
502
692
455
208
100
39

19.2
8.6
18.8
21.4
21.2
26.0
30.3

8.5
3.7
9.2
9.6
7.7
14.3
10.2

72.4
81.1
72.3
70.2
75.0
66.7
61.4

16.1
13.2
15.6
15.2
19.4
13.2
27.0

0

3.8
2.9
6.3
3.5
3.2
3.4
1.4

0

0

40.0
27.6
39.2
45.0
39.4
44.7
48.2

0

0

White, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

4,895
2,822
2,073

3,991
2,242
1,749

22.7
26.2
18.3

9.5
10.3
8.5

73.3
73.2
73.4

38.8
36.8
41.3

22.0
25.8
17.1

4.4
5.4
3.1

1.71
1.78
1.62

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,362
725
638

1,220
628
592

25.2
28.7
21.5

9.2
10.2
8.3

74.1
76.9
71.0

33.0
29.9
36.3

13.2
14.4
12.0

4.0
2.5
5.5

1.59
1.63
1.55

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
A-20.

0

0

0

0

1.60
1.37
1.61
1.65
1.66
1.68
1.79

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
April 1990
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,457
3,213
1,065
1,625
554

5,390
2,224
1,031
1,590
544

23.3
30.0
20.9
18.6
14.1

9.5
11.2
11.0
7.1
6.7

73.0
74.3
73.3
71.3
72.1

37.4
39.6
40.9
35.4
27.9

20.0
23.2
19.5
15.2
21.8

4.5
4.7
4.4
4.8
2.6

1.68
1.83
1.70
1.52
1.45

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,666
2,159
548
707
253

2,976
1,503
535
687
251

26.6
32.2
23.9
21.7
12.7

10.3
11.1
13.9
7.1
6.5

73.5
73.7
75.7
71.0
74.2

35.3
37.6
37.8
31.4
26.3

23.2
25.3
21.6
20.0
22.5

5.1
5.0
5.0
6.4
2.0

1.74
1.85
1.78
1.58
1.44

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,790
1,054
517
918
301

2,413
721
496
903
294

19.2
25.6
17.7
16.2
15.2

8.5
11.3
7.8
7.2
7.0

72.4
75.5
70.8
71.6
70.4

40.0
43.6
44.1
38.4
29.3

16.1
18.9
17.2
11.5
21.1

3.8
4.2
3.8
3.7
3.2

1.60
1.79
1.61
1.49
1.46

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within




30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Industry and age

Men

Women

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

All Industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

116,347
6,338

117,359
6,072

63,993

2,386

2,215

52,683
3,105
1,175

3,952
12,797

3,858

63,664
3,234
1,211
2,023
6,735
45,070
18,788
15,777

53,366
2,927
1,070
1,857

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,116
240
102
138
367

3,102
208
97
111
328

1,800
788
620
392
414
204
210
296

1,887
803
621
464
421
229
192
258

113,231
6,098
2,284
3,814
12,430
80,473
33,051

114,257
5,865
2,118
3,747
12,046
82,139
33,148
29,811
19,180

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

34




82,273
33,839

29,170
19,264
11,499
6,826
4,674
3,439

28,551
18,871
11,086
6,622
4,464

3,143

12,375
84,026
33,951
30,432
19,644
11,346

6,759
4,587
3,540

10,925
6,530
4,396
3,282

10,504
6,582
3,887

2,694
2,044

3,145

1,144
2,001
6,485
45,910
18,748

16,509
10,653
6,433
3,785
2,648

2,019

2,472
196
85
110
307
1,397
645
462
291
316
144
172
256

2,423
160
74
86
278

61,192
3,038
1,126

61,570
2,986
1,070
1,915
6,207
44,456
18,119
16,049

1,912
6,428
43,673
18,144
15,316

10,213
6,265
3,743
2,522
1,788

1,454
629
460
365

313
161
151
219

10,288

6,121
3,624
2,497
1,800

1,930
6,063
37,204
15,051

5,890

38,116
15,203

13,393
8,760
4,918
2,938
1,979
1,395

13,923
8,991

644
44
16
28
60
403
143
158
102
97
60
37
40

679
48
23
25
51
434
174
161
99
108
68

52,039
3,060
1,159
1,902
6,003
36,801

52,687
2,879
1,047

14,907

13,235
8,658
4,821
2,878
1,942

1,355

4,913

2,973
1,939

1,521

41

39

1,832

5,839
37,683
15,029
13,762
8,892
4,805

2,906
1,899
1,482

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
Apr.
1989

Total

Apr.
1990

16 years
and over
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Women
20 years
and over

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

16 years
and over
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

20 years
and over
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

116,347 117,359 63,664 63,993 60,430 60,848 52,683 53,366 49,578 50,439

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

30,568 30,529 16,781 16,489 16,706 16,410 13,786 14,040 13,687 13,942
8,777 8,883 8,736 5,866 5,939 5,839 5,900
14,777 14,716 8,911
567
348
359
347
359
586
208
238
238
208
6,446 6,595 6,405 3,575 3,755 3,553 3,719
10,192 10,201 6,617
3,999 3,948 1,945 1,971 1,941 1,972 2,053 1,977 2,048 1,973
7,871
7,712 7,823 7,674 7,920 8,100 7,848 8,042
15,791 15,813
1,634
1,799 1,698 1,634 1,6
1,838
165
140
165
140
841
482
571
569
820
271
338
270
338
483
369
320
480
320
432
112
111
111
11;
369
761
871
886
124
719
718
152
124
15;
760
347
2,388
346
346 1,935 2,04;
2,282
1,934 2,043
346
764
432
502
499
802
292
333
300
329
430
1,136
4,023
1,093
4,076
1,123 1,082 2,939 2,930 2,909 2,907
596
728
578
578
773
150
178
150
178
596
3,929 2,049 1,950 2,021 1,928 1,822 1,979 1,785 1,950
3,871

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,837 36,904 12,396 13,056 11,783 12,397 23,441 23,848 21,724 22,246
3,575 3,920
1,804
1,772 1,937 1,758 1,907
1,983
1,786 1,953
1,257
1,324
208
216
216 1,050 1,107 1,044 1,089
205
1,155
1,245
877
977
955
271
866
259
279
268
1,163
1,351
719
789
782
715
558
443
56;
443
13,820 14,092 6,987 7,210 6,567 6,794 6,833 6,88;
5,746 5,848
3,690 3,854 2,458
2,528 2,441
2,511
1,232 1,326 1,196 1,302
2,295
2,423
1,277
1,404 1,262 1,384 1,017 1,020
993
978
1,613
1,549
1,264 1,188 1,254 1,183
347
339
348
360
6,149
6,207
1,963 2,069 1,586 1,696 4,186 4,139 3,181 3,172
74
59
24
21
21
24
51
35
50
38
3,605 3,864 3,430 3,650 14,836 15,029 14,220 14,491
18,441 18,893
277
749
307
307
277
724
447
442
440
446
324
791
52;
269
260
921
510
571
597
309
77
4,797 4,738
82
75 4,720 4,656 4,566 4,493
70
203
214
208 2,161
2,364 2,479
192
2,265 2,114 2,224
590
627
593
976
574
928
337
350
337
318
2,134
2,365 2,009 2,207 6,573 6,795 6,205 6,487
8,707 9,160

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,204 15,651
716
840
1,930
1,918
12,446 13,005
5,242 5,264
2,100
2,024
3,164
2,910
2,476
2,270

5,244
30
1,620
3,595
1,458
182
1,569
386

5,369
27
1,606
3,735
1,480
202
1,618
435

9,066
803
279
7,985
3,131
1,827
1,202
1,825

9,359
684
293
8,382
3,135
1,886
1,369
1,992

8,011
693
269
7,049
2,465
1,712
1,139
1,733

8,392
587
276
7,529
2,576
1,802
1,307
1,844

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,560 13,646 12,468 12,523 12,165
4,417
4,388
4,240
4,555
4,326
4,813
5,173
5,081
4,905
4,664
3,238 3,202 3,175
4,086
4,099

12,276
4,151
4,975
3,149

1,092
138
93
862

1,123
148
92
884

1,075
137
92
846

1,098
147
92
859

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,886 17,411 13,100 12,929 12,020 11,892
8,257 7,795 4,798
4,416
4,589
4,629
6,357 3,915
6,817
3,718
3,804 3,590
2,538
3,756 3,517
2,327
2,402
2,480
2,840
1,376
3,061
1,263
1,315
1,323
1,437
1,441
883
871
825
825
4,770 4,772
4,267 4,333
4,209
4,130
3,539 3,593 3,086 3,198
3,097
2,963
1,179
1,230
1,111
1,181
1,135
1,167
4,859 4,845
3,267
4,035 4,007
3,261
740
755
735
721
666
654
4,104
4,104
3,300 3,285 2,607
2,602

4,786
3,460
2,902
1,217
1,684
558
503
453
50
824
20
805

4,483
3,206
2,640
1,115
1,525
566
439
395
44
838
19
819

4,610
3,375
2,839
1,191
1,648
536
483
435
48
752
19
733

4,297
3,120
2,580
1,086
1,494
540
424
380
44
753
16
736

511
189
322

514
171
343

472
189
282

465
170
294

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations




3,292
1,247
2,045

3,217
1,207
2,010

6,138
37
1,640
4,461
2,111
197
1,708
445

2,781
1,058
1,722

6,292
32
1,637
4,623
2,130
214
1,795
484

2,704
1,036
1,667

2,513
1,044
1,469

2,504
1,031
1,473

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)

Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

116,347
100.0

117,359
100.0

63,664
100.0

63,993
100.0

52,683
100.0

53,366
100.0

26.3
12.7
13.6
30.8
3.1
11.9
15.8
13.1
.7
1.6
10.7
11.7
15.4
7.1
4.1
4.2
2.8

26.0
12.5
13.5
31.4
3.3
12.0
16.1
13.3
.6
1.6
11.1
11.6
14.8
6.6
4.1
4.1
2.7

26.4
14.0
12.4
19.5
2.8
11.0
5.7
9.6
.1
2.6
7.0
19.6
20.6
7.5
6.7
6.3
4.4

25.8
13.7
12.1
20.4
3.1
11.3
6.0
9.8
.1
2.6
7.2
19.6
20.2
7.2
6.8
6.3
4.2

26.2
11.1
15.0
44.5
3.4
13.0
28.2
17.2
1.5
.5
15.2
2.1
9.1
6.6
1.0
1.6
1.0

26.3
11.1

100,941
100.0

101,564
100.0

55,926
100.0

56,036
100.0

45,015
100.0

45,529
100.0

27.4
13.5
14.0
31.1
3.0
12.4
15.6
11.9
.6
1.6
9.8
12.1
14.5
6.7
4.0
3.9
3.0

27.1
13.2
13.9
31.8
3.3
12.6
15.9
12.1
.5
1.5
10.1
12.1
14.0
6.3
3.9
3.8
2.9

27.6
14.9
12.7
19.6
2.9
11.5
5.2
8.7
.1
2.4
6.2
20.2
19.4
7.2
6.4
5.8
4.6

26.9
14.5
12.3
20.7
3.1
11.9
5.7
8.9
_
2.4
6.4
20.2
18.9
6.9
6.3
5.6
4.5

27.2
11.7
15.5
45.4
3.2

1.2
.5
14.2
2.0
8.4
6.0
.9
1.5
1.1

27.4
11.6
15.8
45.5
3.5
13.4
28.5
16.1
1.0
.5
14.7
2.0
8.0
5.6
.8
1.5
1.1

11,699
100.0

11,973
100.0

5,775
100.0

5,887
100.0

5,924
100.0

6,086
100.0

15.7
6.6
9.1
27.8
2.9
7.0
17.9
22.4
2.0
2.7
17.8
9.2
23.1
10.6
5.8
6.8
1.7

15.7
7.1
8.6
28.2
3.1
7.1
18.0
22.9
1.8
2.6
18.5
8.9
22.8
9.4
6.2
7.2
1.5

13.0
6.1
6.8
16.5
2.0
5.4
9.1
17.9
.1
4.7
13.1
16.2
33.5
11.5
10.3
11.6
3.0

13.5
6.9
6.6
15.9
2.4
5.1
8.3
18.0
.1
4.2
13.8
15.5
34.4
10.1
11.7
12.6
2.6

18.3
7.0
11.3
38.8
3.8
8.6
26.5

17.9
7.3

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

15.2
44.7
3.6
12.9
28.2
17.5
1.3
.5
15.7
2.1
8.4
6.0
.8
1.6
1.0

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.6
28.5
15.9

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

36




26.9
3.8
.7
22.3
2.5
13.1
9.7

10.6
40.1
3.8
9.0
27.4
27.6
3.5
1.1
23.1
2.4
11.5
8.6

1.4
2.0
.4

.9
1.9
.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
April 1990
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

105,258
5,787
2,088
3,700
11,745
31,102
27,107
17,214
9,640
5,820
3,820
2,664

930
133
72
60
70
168
134
136
157
76
81
132

17,941
305
78
226
1,149
4,433
5,660
3,837
2,092
1,260
832
465

86,387
5,350
1,937
3,413
10,525
26,502
21,313
13,240
7,391
4,484
2,907
2,067

8,725
59
21
38
278
1,996
2,632
1,907
1,251
690
561
603

274
18
9
9
23
50
73
60
35
20
15
16

1,593
170
72
97
255
480
298
196
145
76
69
49

1,400
17
10
8
70
305
303
244
264
144
120
196

109
21
15
6
3
18
20
23
12
9
2
13

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,973
2,938
1,053
1,885
6,060
16,915
14,369
9,086
5,231
3,148
2,083
1,375

129
28
21
7
13
39
15
6
13
5
8
14

8,300
134
40
94
494
2,124
2,568
1,752
1,005
597
409
223

47,544
2,776
992
1,784
5,553
14,752
11,786
7,328
4,212
2,546
1,667
1,137

5,549
38
11
27
140
1,196
1,668
1,200
887
475
412
419

49
10
6
3
8
8
12
2
3
1
2
6

1,194
127
54
73
216
353
212
150
99
51
49
36

1,195
17
10
8
59
273
245
213
209
108
101
178

33
15
10
5
3
2
3
2
4
3
1
5

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,285
2,849
1,035
1,814
5,685
14,187
12,738
8,127
4,409
2,672
1,737
1,289

801
105
51
54
57
128
118
130
144
71
73
118

9,641
171
38
132
655
2,309
3,092
2,086
1,087
664
423
242

38,843
2,574
946
1,628
4,973
11,750
9,527
5,912
3,178
1,938
1,241
929

3,176
21
10
11
138
800
963
707
364
215
149
184

225
8
2
6
16
42
60
58
32
18
13
9

399
42
18
24
39
127
86
46
46
25
21
13

205

76
6
5
1
1
16
17
21
7
6
1
8

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




11
32
58
31
55
36
19
18

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
April 1990
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries ..
Professional services....
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
emTechniAdminisadminisployed
cians
Profestrative Private
trative,
Other
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
specialty related
hold
including
manasupport
clerical
gerial

3,102
730
7,687
20,867
12,441
8,426

91
131
1,006
2,471
1,488
983

73
66
123
1,736
1,155
582

8,079
24,066
4,560
19,507

896
1,989
544
1,445

469
474
85
389

8,048
39,060
938
38,122
25,473
5,720

2,158
4,786
3
4,784
2,664
1,187

238
11,805
17
11,788
10,495
830

32
29
54
736
510
226

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
equipment
and
craft,
tation
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

29
8
67
800
333
468

122
79
421
2,398
1,412
986

30
3
40
344
169
174

35
234
4,491
4,046
2,795
1,250

8
25
103
6,357
3,517
2,840

64
115
516
779
410
369

18
39
838
1,111
564
547

2,600
2
27
88
88

352
352
142 10,019
53 1,785
88 8,234

2,156
2,358
803
1,556

292
4,399
36
4,362

1,236
1,439
288
1,152

113
345
129
216

1,709
980
464
516

492
1,882
368
1,514

13
41
6
35

275
8,155
88
8,067
4,539
1,396

152
1,752
14
1,737
380
262

14
795
4
791
211
36

20
523
10
512
291
66

12
415
12
402
117
38

52
352
62
290
72
43

173
2,141
3
2,138
1,730
261

1,850
936
1
935
149
30

3,103
6,684
7
6,677
4,824
1,571

716
716

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Paid absences
Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Unpaid absences

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Total 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,576
1,930
1,409
104
29
1,105

6,497
3,777
1,452
88
11
1,170

4,489
1,920
1,382
89
29
1,070

6,415
3,757
1,438
71
11
1,138

2,168
1,279
598
(2)
2
()
291

3,573
2,619
650
(2)
2
()
304

1,752
451
649
2
()
2
()
652

2,315
897
714
2
()
2
()
704

Men 16 vears and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,310
1,066
693
551

2,910
1,669
702
539

2,244
1,060
670
515

2,849
1,654
695
499

1,138
735
304
99

1,630
1,204
323
103

769
220
286
264

939
332
337
270

Women 16 vears and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,266
864
715
686

3,588
2,108
750
730

2,245
860
712
673

3,566
2,103
743
722

1,030
544
293
192

1,944
1,416
328
200

985
231
365
389

1,375
564
377
434

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2

38




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
April 1990
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

110,862

3,020

107,843

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

31,961
817
4,764
14,163
12,218

825
38
183
406
199

31,135
779
4,581
13,756
12,019

28.8
.7
4.3
12.8
11.0

27.3
1.3
6.1
13.4
6.6

28.9
.7
4.2
12.8
11.1

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

78,902
7,627
41,111
30,163
10,355
11,287
8,521

2,194
132
729
1,333
202
428
703

76,707
7,495
40,381
28,831
10,153
10,860
7,819

71.2
6.9
37.1
27.2
9.3
10.2
7.7

72.6
4.4
24.1
44.1
6.7
14.2
23.3

71.1
6.9
37.4
26.7
9.4
10.1
7.3

38.5
42.7

43.3
50.2

38.4
42.5

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

31,135

12,806

18,329

4,385
2,176
35
156
70
1,949

1,496
1,236
35
156
70

2,889
940

11,310

1,505
641

26,751
13,244
2,051
1,365
358
8
6,375
1,468
1,882

1,297

1,468
585

24.1
28.1

21.7
19.2

22.7
23.0

24.2
28.1

21.9
19.2

667
7,853

884
2,815

1,510
10,509

639
7,757

871
2,752

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

31,961

13,054

18,906

4,574
2,318
35
164
71
1,986

1,574
1,305
35
164
71

3,000
1,013

27,387
13,609
2,079
1,381
433
8
6,397
1,505
1,976

11,480

1,335

22.6
22.9

1,551
10,668

Total

1,986

2,079
1,229
433
8
6,397

15,907
13,609
152

Total

1,949

2,051
1,221
358
8
6,375

15,441
13,244
144

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990

Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

107,843

4,385

15,441

88,017

59,186

10,153

18,678

38.4

42.5

99,328

3,817

13,888

81,624

56,295

9,570

15,759

38.2

42.1

675

15

5

655

387

98

169

43.6

44.4

5,893

392

238

5,263

3,783

533

947

39.6

41.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,522
11,690
7,831

472
212
260

673
287
385

18,377
11,191
7,186

13,072
8,037
5,035

2,380
1,398
983

2,925
1,757
1,168

40.0
40.2
39.8

41.1
41.0
41.4

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,265
21,116
7,138

194
1,181
123

436
5,246
624

6,634
14,689
6,392

4,407
8,998
4,546

831
2,117
670

1,397
3,575
1,175

41.1
36.6
39.5

42.9
43.7
41.7

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

32,255
896
31,359
5,464

1,390
144
1,246
51

6,372
367
6,005
294

24,493
385

24,108
5,119

17,247
245
17,001
3,855

2,427
43
2,385
513

4,819
97
4,722
751

36.5
28.3
36.8
40.0

42.0
45.9
41.9
41.4

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,240
274

558
10

1,424
129

6,258
135

2,821
71

575
8

2,862
57

40.8
35.3

47.9
48.9

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

40




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
4,385
378
63
315
4,007
684
3,323
2,266
937
119

15,441
3,554
1,746
1,808
11,887
2,258
9,628
5,279
2,922
1,428

88,017

59,186

28,831

1,691
171
1,520
86,326
8,677
77,650
52,038
24,174
1,439

1,373
146
1,227
57,813
6,222
51,592
34,181
16,349
1,061

318
25
293

2,108
172
43
129
1,936
350
1,586
1,084
440
62

4,756
1,673
865
807
3,083
979
2,104
806
583
714

51,858
1,030

31,426
819
91
728
30,607
3,149
27,458
18,041
8,823

1,347

2,277
205
20
186
2,072
334
1,738
1,182
498
57

10,685
1,881
881
1,000
8,804
1,279
7,525
4,473
2,338
714

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

93,120
51,264
41,856

3,573
1,698
1,875

13,807
4,159
9,648

75,740
45,407
30,333

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,113
5,504
5,609

671
332
339

1,118
382
736

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,131
6,207
15,384

931
333
844

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

27,214
9,841
12,066

1,077
556
645

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

107,843
5,622
1,980
3,642

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

58,722
2,875
1,012
1,864
55,846

102,220

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

11,619

90,602
59,583
28,033

2,986

6,027
49,819
32,778
15,402
1,639
49,121

2,747
968
1,779
46,374
5,592
40,782
26,805
12,631

38.4
23.8
17.1
27.5
39.2
36.1
39.6
40.1
39.6
28.9

42.5
39.5
36.0
39.9
42.6
41.4
42.7
42.8
42.6
41.4

41.2
25.4
17.8
29.5
42.0
37.6
42.5
43.2
42.4
30.4

44.0
39.8
36.7
40.2
44.1
42.5
44.3
44.5
43.9
42.2

40.4
39.0

109

35.0
22.2
16.3
25.4
35.8
34.4
36.0
36.4
36.2
26.9

49,571
26,673
22,898

26,169
18,735
7,434

38.4
41.4
34.8

42.7
44.2
40.5

9,323
4,790
4,533

7,491
3,651
3,839

1,832
1,138
694

37.8
39.4
36.3

41.1
42.1
39.9

1,448
308
2,999

34,751
5,566
11,541

20,165
3,376
7,885

14,586
2,189
3,656

43.0
41.8
36.7

44.5
44.3
42.6

6,149
1,200
3,337

19,989
8,085
8,085

15,648
6,023
6,088

4,341
2,062
1,996

34.9
37.6
33.3

40.1
41.2
40.5

103
927
50,828

4,698
46,130
30,888
14,379
863
36,159
660
68

593
35,498
3,979
31,520
21,150
9,795
576

594
27,760
554
55
499
27,206
3,072
24,134
16,141
7,527
467

28,513
2,455
26,058
17,857
7,825

379
20,432
211

12
199

20,221
1,548
18,672
12,847
5,556
269
8,399
107
13
94

8,292
906
7,386
5,009
2,268

O
39.4
40.4

40.1
40.5
40.4
40.6
40.3

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
April 1990
On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.

42



Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

107,752

4,359

15,425

87,967

59,088

10,148

18,731

38.4

42.5

28,358
13,998
14,359
35,124
3,763
13,465
17,896
14,784
689
1,821
12,275
12,969
16,517
7,447
4,443
4,627

456
174
282
1,099
38
576
485
1,188
100
36
1,052
608
1,008
382
201
425

2,657
754
1,904
6,543
475
2,864
3,204
4,180
296
147
3,737
465
1,580
372
370
838

25,245
13,070
12,174
27,481
3,250
10,025
14,206
9,416
292
1,637
7,486
11,896
13,930
6,693
3,872
3,365

14,748
7,127
7,622
19,420
2,383
5,366
11,670
6,890
187
1,000
5,703
8,126
9,904
5,174
2,170
2,560

2,948
1,612
1,336
2,975
389
1,319
1,267
937
33
273
632
1,531
1,757
795
530
432

7,548
4,332
3,216
5,087
478
3,340
1,269
1,588
73
364
1,151
2,239
2,268
723
1,172
373

41.3
43.3
39.3
37.1
38.6
38.6
35.6
33.9
27.8
42.1
33.0
40.7
38.6
38.5
42.1
35.3

43.9
44.9
42.9
41.9
41.4
45.1
39.7
42.1
44.7
44.7
41.5
42.4
41.8
40.4
45.3
40.8

58,470

2,082

4,703

51,685

31,259

6,469

13,957

41.2

44.0

15,648
8,389
7,259
12,572
1,911
6,970
3,691
6,004
33
1,552
4,420
11,918
12,328
4,410
4,087
3,831

220
103
116
276
12
144
119
341
11
28
302
537
708
173
179
357

721
262
458
1,368
133
762
473
1,190
10
98
1,082
362
1,062
140
237
685

14,707
8,023
6,684
10,928
1,765
6,064
3,098
4,473
12
1,425
3,036
11,020
10,557
4,096
3,672
2,789

7,521
3,827
3,693
6,086
1,206
2,603
2,277
3,079
5
843
2,232
7,428
7,145
3,002
2,047
2,095

1,701
984
717
1,446
204
867
375
491
237
254
1,424
1,407
542
502
364

5,485
3,211
2,274
3,396
356
2,595
446
903
7
346
550
2,168
2,005
552
1,123
330

44.2
45.3
42.9
41.5
40.7
43.6
37.7
37.2
(2)
43.2
35.1
41.0
39.5
39.9
42.8
35.4

45.8
46.5
44.9
44.9
42.4
47.4
41.3
43.4
(2)
45.3
42.4
42.5
42.7
41.3
45.4
41.0

49,282

2,278

10,722

36,282

27,829

3,679

4,774

35.0

40.4

12,710
5,609
7,101
22,552
1,852
6,495
14,205
8,780
656
269
7,855
1,051
4,189
3,037
356
797

236
71
165
824
26
432
366
847
89
8
750
72
299
209
22
68

1,937
491
1,445
5,175
341
2,102
2,732
2,990
286
49
2,655
103
517
231
133
153

10,538
5,047
5,490
16,553
1,484
3,961
11,108
4,943
281
212
4,450
876
3,373
2,597
200
575

7,228
3,299
3,929
13,333
1,177
2,764
9,393
3,811
182
158
3,471
698
2,759
2,172
123
465

1,247
627
620
1,529
185
452
892
446
33
36
378
107
350
253
28
68

2,063
1,121
942
1,691
122
746
823
686
66
19
601
71
263
171
49
43

37.7
40.3
35.6
34.6
36.4
33.3
35.0
31.6
27.7
35.6
31.8
37.4
35.8
36.4
33.8
34.7

41.4
42.4
40.4
39.9
40.2
41.7
39.2
41.0
44.3
40.6
40.8
40.1
39.3
38.8
44.0
39.6

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1989

1990

Employment status and sex
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

189,198
126,498
66.9
120,003
63.4
1,669
118,334
3,200
115,133
6,495
5.1
62,700

189,326
126,543
66.8
119,773
63.3
1,657
118,116
3,133
114,983
6,770
5.3
62,783

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

187,708 187,854 187,995 188,149
125,299 125,224 125,777 125,679
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.8
118,768 118,805 119,208 119,102
63.3
63.4
63.2
63.3
1,684 1,673 1,666 1,666
117,084 117,132 117,542 117,436
3,137 3,138 3,217
3,144
113,940 113,995 114,404 114,219
6,419 6,569 6,577
6,531
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
62,409 62,630 62,218 62,470

188,286
125,758
66.8
119,238
63.3
1,688
117,550
3,275
114,275
6,520
5.2
62,528

90,094 90,167 90,237 90,315
69,293 69,142 69,542 69,366
76.7
76.8
77.1
76.9
65,727 65,713 66,078 65,939
73.0
72.9
73.2
73.0
1,499
1,511
1,501
1,521
64,206 64,202 64,577 64,440
3,566 3,429 3,464 3,427
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.1
20,801 21,025 20,695 20,949

90,384
69,404
76.8
65,919
72.9
1,519
64,400
3,485
5.0

188,428 188,580 188,721 188,865
125,725 125,857 126,192 126,246
66.7
66.7
66.9
66.8
119,121 119,294 119,540 119,588
63.3
63.3
63.2
63.3
1,702 1,709 1,704 1,700
117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888
3,219 3,197 3,160 3,197
114,200 114,388 114,676 114,691
6,604 6,563 6,652 6,658
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
62,703 62,723 62,529 62,619

188,990 189,090
126,094 126,308
66.7
66.8
119,560 119,713
63.3
63.3
1,697 1,678
117,863 118,035
3,134 3,079
114,728 114,957
6,535 6,594
5.2
5.2
62,896 62,782

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

90,456 90,535 90,606 90,678
69,360 69,599 69,635 69,725
76.9
76.9
76.7
76.9
65,681 66,046 66,011 66,143
73.0
72.6
72.9
72.9
1,531 1,533 1,529 1,525
64,150 64,513 64,482 64,618
3,679 3,553 3,624 3,582
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.1
20,980 21,096 20,936 20,971 20,953

90,772 90,822 90,874 90,942
69,539 69,639 69,712 69,779
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.7
65,943 66,108 66,208 66,043
72.8
72.6
72.9
72.6
1,523 1,506 1,497 1,499
64,420 64,602 64,711 64,544
3,597 3,530 3,505 3,735
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.4
21,233 21,183 21,162 21,163

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

97,614 97,687 97,758
56,006 56,082 56,235
57.4
57.5
57.4
53,041 53,092 53,130
54.3
54.3
54.3
162
165
163
52,878 52,930 52,965
2,965 2,990 3,105
5.3
5.5
5.3
41,608 41,605 41,523

97,834 97,902 97,972 98,045
56,313 56,354 56,365 56,258
57.6
57.6
57.4
57.5
53,163 53,319 53,440 53,248
54.3
54.5
54.3
54.5
176
171
167
169
52,996 53,150 53,269 53,072
3,150 3,035 2,925 3,010
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.4
41,521 41,548 41,607 41,787

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident




98,115 98,187 98,218 98,268
56,557 56,521 56,555 56,669
57.6
57.7
57.6
57.6
53,529 53,445 53,617 53,605
54.6
54.5
54.6
54.4
175
172
174
175
53,354 53,270 53,443 53,433
3,028 3,076 2,938 3,064
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.4
41,558 41,666 41,663 41,599

98,324
56,785
57.8
53,795
54.7
172
53,623
2,990
5.3
41,539

98,383
56,764
57.7
53,729
54.6
158
53,571
3,034
5.3

41,619

Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1989
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

1990
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

186,024 186,181 186,329 186,483 186,598 186,726 186,871 187,017 187,165 187,293 187,412 187,529 187,669
123,615 123,551 124,111 124,013 124,070 124,023 124,148 124,488 124,546 124,397 124,630 124,829 124,886
66.4
66.5
66.5
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.5
66.6
66.5
66.4
117,084 117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863 118,035 118,334 118,116
62.9
63.0
63.0
63.0
62.9
63.0
63.1
62.9
62.9
62.9
63.1
63.0
62.9
6,531 6,419 6,569 6,577 6,520 6,604 6,563 6,652 6,658 6,535 6,594 6,495 6,770
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

81,413
63,638
78.2
60,716
74.6
2,270
58,446
2,922
4.6
17,775

81,524 81,592 81,679 81,754
63,535 63,874 63,736 63,717
78.0
77.9
78.3
77.9
60,774 61,072 60,915 60,861
74.4
74.6
74.9
74.5
2,329 2,340
2,279
2,295
58,479 58,793 58,586 58,521
2,761 2,802 2,821 2,856
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.3
17,989 17,718 17,943 18,037

81,790 81,905 81,968
63,771 63,918 63,967
78.0
78.0
78.0
60,729 61,026 61,033
74.5
74.5
74.2
2,330 2,304 2,292
58,399 58,722 58,741

82,055 82,168 82,248 82,378 82,487
64,071 63,958 64,101 64,183 64,251
77.9
77.8
78.1
77.9
77.9
61,154 60,976 61,172 61,270 61,138
74.5
74.4
74.1
74.4
74.2

2,293 2,269 2,254 2,268 2,258
58,861 58,706 58,918 59,002 58,879
3,042 2,892 2,934 2,917 2,983 2,929 2,913 3,113
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.6
18,019 17,987 18,001 17,984 18,210 18,147 18,195 18,236

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

90,432 90,526 90,607 90,684 90,771
52,120 52,219 52,385 52,352 52,358
57.7
57.7
57.8
57.7
57.6
49,649 49,687 49,817 49,875 49,984
54.9
55.1
55.0
54.9
55.0
622
633
660
639
642
49,016 49,065 49,178 49,233 49,324
2,532 2,568 2,477 2,374
2,449 2,471
4.5
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
38,309 38,312 38,307 38,222 38,332 38,413

90,318
52,009
57.6
49,560
54.9
638
48,922

90,860 90,952 91,042 91,091
52,281 52,541 52,586 52,686
57.8
57.8
57.5
57.8
49,796 50,043 50,048 50,255
55.0
55.0
54.8
55.2
618
624
641
594
49,155 49,419 49,430 49,661
2,485 2,498 2,538 2,431
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
38,579 38,411 38,456 38,405

91,157 91,237 91,330
52,814 52,800 52,954
58.0
57.9
57.9
50,287 50,344 50,427
55.2
55.2
55.2
669
648
582
49,704 49,696 49,758
2,527 2,456 2,526
4.8
4.7
4.8
38,343 38,437 38,376

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,293 14,224 14,211 14,196 14,160 14,166 14,107 14,097 14,067 14,034 14,008 13,914 13,852
7,968 7,896 8,018 7,892 8,001 7,894 7,949 7,980 7,889 7,752 7,715 7,846 7,681
55.4
56.4
55.1
56.1
56.6
55.2
56.3
55.7
55.6
56.4
56.5
55.5
55.7
6,808 6,709 6,783 6,704 6,814 6,706 6,763 6,760 6,686 6,631 6,577 6,720 6,551
47.3
48.3
47.0
47.5
48.0
47.3
47.9
47.3
47.2
48.1
47.7
47.2
47.6
286
206
285
243
244
252
237
270
229
249
293
209
236
6,477 6,511 6,516 6,400 6,361 6,334 6,435 6,345
6,572 6,500 6,546 6,455 6,521
1,126 1,130
1,187 1,235 1,188 1,187 1,188 1,186 1,220 1,203 1,121
1,138
1,160
14.7
14.4
15.2
15.3
14.9
14.8
14.5
15.0
15.1
14.8
15.4
15.0
14.6
6,325 6,328 6,193 6,304 6,159 6,272 6,158 6,117 6,178 6,282 6,293 6,068 6,171

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

44




population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1989
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

1990
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

159,098 159,200 159,297 159,400 159,470 159,549 159,644 159,736 159,832 159,938 160,007 160,076 160,170
106,208 106,152 106,474 106,384 106,485 106,393 106,618 106,834 106,896 106,884 107,080 107,061 107,133
66.9
66.8
66.9
66.9
66.8
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.9
66.7
66.7
66.8
101,400 101,432 101,683 101,546 101,684 101,579 101,862 101,991 102,032 102,074 102,117 102,206 102,027
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.7
63.8
63.7
63.7
63.7
4,962 4,856
4,843
4,791
4,720
4,864 4,811
4,756
4,814
4,801
4,838
4,808
5,106
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.8
4.5
4.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

55,374 55,280 55,544 55,463 55,443 55,465 55,626 55,676 55,747 55,771 55,815 55,828 55,826
78.4
78.5
78.5
78.4
78.7
78.3
78.4
78.5
78.3
78.5
78.5
78.3
78.4
53,199 53,222 53,437 53,331 53,307 53,153 53,483 53,482 53,580 53,560 53,547 53,593 53,425
75.4
75.4
75.5
75.1
75.4
75.7
75.4
75.2
75.3
75.5
75.5
74.9
75.2
2,268 2,235 2,400
2,167
2,143 2,194
2,312
2,136
2,132
2,107
2,058
2,211
2,175
3.9
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.2
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.3
4.0

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,984 44,057 44,076 44,230 44,184 44,198 44,207 44,360 44,469 44,475 44,615 44,523 44,740
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.4
57.3
57.1
57.2
57.2
57.3
57.1
57.4
57.5
57.6
42,199 42,268 42,279 42,377 42,391 42,520 42,437 42,586 42,641 42,718 42,782 42,765 42,895
54.9
54.8
54.9
55.0
54.9
54.8
54.8
55.2
55.1
55.0
55.0
55.2
55.1
1,770
1,678
1,793
1,853
1,797
1,789
1,785
1,757
1,828
1,833
1,774
1,844
1,758
4.0
3.8
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,850
59.1
6,002
51.7
848
12.4
13.2
11.5

6,815
58.9
5,942
51.3
873
12.8
14.1
11.4

6,854
59.3
5,967
51.6
887
12.9
13.5
12.3

6,691
58.0
5,838
50.6
853
12.7
12.8
12.6

6,858
59.6
5,986
52.0
872
12.7
13.1
12.3

6,730
58.7
5,906
51.5
824
12.2
13.3
11.1

6,785
59.4
5,942
52.0
843
12.4
13.8
10.9

6,798
59.7
5,923
52.0
875
12.9
14.3
11.3

6,680
58.9
5,811
51.2
869
13.0
14.0
11.9

6,639
58.7
5,796
51.3
843
12.7
12.9
12.4

6,650
59.0
5,788
51.4
862
13.0
12.7
13.2

6,710
59.8
5,847
52.1
863
12.9
13.0
12.7

6,568
58.8
5,707
51.1
861
13.1
13.8
12.4

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,956 20,986 21,012 21,038 21,060 21,085 21,108 21,136 21,164 21,163 21,188 21,211 21,228
13,336 13,454 13,569 13,548 13,476 13,518 13,507 13,576 13,522 13,510 13,437 13,581 13,570
64.1
64.0
64.1
64.4
64.6
63.6
63.4
63.8
63.9
64.2
64.0
63.9
64.0
11,872 11,962 11,969 12,063 11,961 11,938 11,923 11,954 11,920 11,978 12,030 12,148 12,161
56.5
57.3
57.0
57.0
56.7
56.8
56.6
56.3
56.6
56.6
56.8
57.3
57.3
1,485
1,600
1,492
1,464
1,584
1,580
1,515
1,407
1,532
1,602
1,622
1,409
1,433
11.0
11.8
11.1
11.0
11.7
11.2
11.7
10.5
11.3
11.8
11.9
10.4
10.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,188
74.2
5,576
66.9
612
9.9

6,209
74.3
5,617
67.3
592
9.5

6,206
74.2
5,613
67.1
593
9.6

6,209
74.1
5,621
67.1
588
9.5

6,198
73.9
5,584
66.6
614
9.9

6,239
74.6
5,610
67.0
629
10.1

6,234
74.2
5,593
66.6
641
10.3

6,247
74.2
5,587
66.4
660
10.6

6,244
74.0
5,569
66.0
675
10.8

6,189
73.5
5,496
65.2
693
11.2

6,172
73.3
5,603
66.6
569
9.2

6,227
73.6
5,631
66.5
596
9.6

6,240
73.7
5,651
66.8
589
9.4

6,254
59.9
5,685
54.4
569
9.1

6,341
60.6
5,734
54.8
607
9.6

6,401
61.1
5,732
54.7
669
10.5

6,386
60.9
5,755
54.9
631
9.9

6,362
60.6
5,753
54.8
609
9.6

6,360
60.5
5,743
54.6
617
9.7

6,336
60.2
5,706
54.2
630
9.9

6,373
60.4
5,722
54.2
651
10.2

6,311
59.7
5,681
53.8
630
10.0

6,393
60.5
5,802
54.9
591
9.2

6,423
60.7
5,821
55.0
602
9.4

6,456
60.9
5,872
55.4
584
9.0

6,451
60.8
5,858
55.2
594
9.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1990

1989

Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Apr.

Nov.

Oct.

Sept.

Aug.

July

June

May

Apr.

Mar.

Feb.

Jan.

Dec.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of DODulation
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
UnemDlovment rate
Men
Women

894

904

962

953

916

919

937

956

967

928

842

898

879

41.1
611
28.1
283
31.7
34.8
28.5

41.6
611
28.1
293
32.4
35.4
29.6

44.2
624
28.7
338
35.1
33.8
36.8

43.8
687
31.6
266
27.9
23.2
33.1

42.2
624
28.7
292
31.9
30.3
33.6

41.8
585
26.6
334
36.3
33.8
38.8

43.0
624
28.6
313
33.4
32.0
34.9

44.0
645
29.7
311
32.5
32.3
32.7

44.6
670
30.9
297
30.7
30.1
31.4

42.8
680
31.3
248
26.7
29.2
24.0

38.5
606
27.7
236
28.0
28.5
27.5

41.7
645
30.0
253
28.2
30.0
26.2

40.8
652

30.3
227

25.8
27.2
24.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
13,690 13,731 13,772 13,813 13,853 13,894 13,936 13,977 14,019 14,080 14,119 14,159 14,198
9,288 9,359 9,289 9,403 9,361 9,342 9,339 9,424 9,495 9,440 9,400 9,565 9,618
67.7
67.6
66.6
67.0
67.7
67.4
67.0
67.2
67.6
68.1
67.4
68.2
67.8
8,531 8,619 8,543 8,579 8,541 8,564 8,595 8,672 8,691 8,769 8,666 8,831 8,850
62.4
61.4
62.3
62.3
62.0
62.0
61.7
61.6
61.7
62.1
62.0
62.8
62.3
768
734
734
671
804
752
744
778
820
824
746
740
757

Civilian noninstitutional DODulation1
Civilian labor force
Percent of DODulation
Employed
EmDlovment-DODulation ratio2
Unemployed
UnemDlovment rate

8.8

8.8

8.0

7.9

8.2

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

8.0

7.7

7.8

7.1

8.5

8.0

8.0

8.3

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1990

Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
.*;;.
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

117,084 117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863 118,035 118,334 118,116
40,857 40,932 41,025 41,067 40,723 40,649 40,839 40,886 41,041 40,982 41,347 40,989 40,730
29,563 29,608 29,499 29,520 29,259 29,506 29,544 29,767 29,695 29,897 29,704 29,618 29,742
6,263 6,354 6,401 6,446 6,371 6,429 6,354 6,351 6,349 6,215 6,378 6,291
6,325

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

...

1,630
1,414
126

1,647
1,377
127

1,557
1,411
126

1,685
1,424
127

1,723
1,410
133

1,680
1,424
132

1,678
1,406
124

1,687
1,373
122

1,677
1,369
125

1.634
1,354
107

1,578
1,375
118

1,620
1,457
115

1,621
1,429
112

104,981
17,266
87,715
1,118
86,597
8,643
277

105,232
17,305
87,927
1,123
86,804
8,573
299

105,430
17,328
88,102
1,128
86,974
8,578
245

105,353
17,501
87,852
1,094
86,758
8,602
248

105,317
17,559
87,758
1,147
86,611
8,621
272

105,476
17,613
87,863
1,065
86,798
8,581
279

105,504
17,595
87,909
987
86,922
8,610
280

105,960
17,681
88,279
1,051
87,228
8,528
264

105,643
17,728
87,915
1,077
86,838
8,653
251

105,747
17,626
88,121
1,035
87,086
8,733
256

106,117
17,607
88,510
1,021
87,489
8,628
313

106,029
17,724
88,306
1,003
87,302
8,852
261

105,938
17,816
88,122
957
87,165
8,716
258

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,086 4,883 4,928 4,773 4,802 4,864 4,767 4,803 4,802 4,983 4,887 5,004 4,871
2,346 2,314 2,315 2,301 2,281 2,321 2,314 2,297 2,277 2,402 2,307 2,476 2,407
2,375 2,307 2,269 2,172 2,142 2,161 2,082 2,162 2,106 2,255 2,211 2,127 2,138
15,405 15,350 15,466 15,577 15,550 15,506 15,368 15,254 15,388 14,931 15,381 15,464 15,193

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,855 4,643 4,738 4,583 4,567 4,605 4,526 4,552 4,554 4,729 4,703 4,747 4,630
2,198 2,137 2,183 2,164 2,129 2,165 2,166 2,132 2,111 2,240 2,183 2,293 2,218
2,310 2,246 2,198 2,104 2,076 2,095 2,021 2,097 2,051 2,172 2,173 2,050 2,096
14,975 14,977 15,016 15,138 15,071 15,076 14,936 14,805 14,983 14,515 14,924 14,975 14,804

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey

46



period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1990

1989
Sex and age
Apr.
Total, 16 years and over ...

June

July

19,889 19,781
6,808 6,709 6,783 6,704
2,629 2,597 2,557 2,465
4,177 4,115 4,199 4,233
13,084 13,039 13,106 13,077
97,150 97,353 97,643 97,726
82,229 82,458 82,704 82,821
14,918 14,938 14,878 14,914

Men, 16 years and over ....

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

117,084 117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863 118,035 118,334 118,116
19,892 19,748

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

19,482 19,298 19,309
6,760 6,686 6,631
2,598 2,518 2,501
4,152 4,161 4,132
12,722 12,612 12,678
98,345 98,594 98,547
83,594 83,680 83,690
14,780 14,825 14,818 14,784 14,849 14,805

19,813
6,814
2,574
4,236
12,999
97,809
83,064

19,489 19,487
6,706 6,763
2,571 2,645
4,149 4,130
12,783 12,724
97,946 98,122
83,170 83,316

19,247 19,459 19,196
6,577 6,720 6,551

2,513
4,072

2,557

2,460

4,164
4,086
12,670 12,739 12,646
98,722 98,803 98,836
83,856 83,938 83,969
14,867 14,870 14,856

64,206 64,202 64,577 64,440 64,400 64,150 64,513 64,482 64,618 64,420 64,602 64,711 64,544
10,364 10,249 10,372 10,291 10,275 10,070 10,211 10,123 10,128 10,091 10,071 10,110 10,018
3,490 3,428 3,505 3,525 3,539 3,421 3,487 3,449 3,464 3,444 3,430 3,441 3,407
1,336 1,315 1,305 1,288 1,372 1,280 1,357 1,329 1,308 1,298 1,315 1,317 1,270
2,149 2,090 2,187 2,245 2,159 2,138 2,134 2,140 2,153 2,149 2,121 2,126 2,130
6,874 6,821 6,867 6,766 6,736 6,649 6,724 6,674 6,664 6,647 6,640 6,669 6,611
53,827 53,933 54,197 54,182 54,171 54,095 54,302 54,362 54,494 54,335 54,463 54,558 54,475
45,196 45,388 45,568 45,603 45,708 45,696 45,829 45,938 46,048 45,832 46,013 46,081 46,041
8,539 8,576 8,583 8,462 8,439 8,488 8,432 8,441 8,509 8,485 8,480 8,432
8,610

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

.,

52,878 52,930 52,965 52,996 53,150 53,269 53,072 53,354 53,270 53,443 53,433 53,623 53,571

9,528 9,499 9,517 9,490 9,538 9,419 9,276 9,359 9,170 9,218 9,176 9,349 9,178
3,278 3,179 3,275 3,285 3,276 3,311 3,222 3,187 3,146 3,279 3,144
3,281
3,318
1,252 1,177 1,202 1,291 1,288 1,269 1,210 1,203 1,198 1,240 1,190
1,282
1,293
1,988 2,077 2,011 1,996 2,012 2,008 1,983 1,95f 2,038 1,956
2,012
2,025
2,028
6,239 6,311 6,263 6,134 6,000 6,048 5,948 6,030 6,029 6,070 6,034
6,218
6,210
43,323 43,420 43,446 43,544 43,638 43,851 43,820 43,983 44,100 44,212 44,259 44,245 44,361
37,033 37,070 37,136 37,218 37,356 37,474 37,487 37,656 37,632 37,859 37,844 37,857 37,928
6,318 6,386 6,330 6,352 6,408 6,296 6,382 6,390 6,424
6,308 6,399 6,302 6,331

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1990

1989
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over




Apr.

May

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

6,531

6,419

6,569

6,577

6,520

6,604

6,563

6,652

6,658

6,535

6,594

6,495

6,770

2,367
1,160
496
661
1,207
4,159
3,731
454

2,312
1,187
516
684
1,125
4,060
3,637
453

2,485
1,235
540
719
1,250
4,054
3,546
507

2,419
1,188
530
638
1,231
4,106
3,629
480

2,437
1,187
545
623
1,250
4,069
3,568
473

2,426
1,188
534
684
1,238
4,197
3,701
465

2,428
1,186
536
645
1,242
4,144
3,652
464

2,472
1,220
548
665
1,252
4,188
3,688
496

2,428
1,203
558
645
1,225
4,242
3,744
494

2,299
1,121
434
683
1,178
4,279
3,780
525

2,294
1,138
509
609
1,156
4,304
3,781
526

2,274
1,126
520
615
1,148
4,237
3,727
515

2,425
1,130
519
609
1,295
4,347
3,864
505

3,566

3,429

3,464

3,427

3,485

3,679

3,553

3,624

3,582

3,597

3,530

3,505

3,735

1,260
644
284
360
616
2,298
2,038
282

1,260
668
302
371
592
2,118
1,863
265

1,332
662
316
347
670
2,102
1,815
275

1,263
606
279
309
657
2,132
1,858
278

1,330
629
295
325
701
2,143
1,821
293

1,361
637
311
340
724
2,313
1,978
310

1,349
661
308
353
688
2,214
1,919
280

1,380
690
312
382
690
2,258
1,967
303

1,361
665
319
346
696
2,238
1,917
314

1,267
614
214
397
653
2,373
2,079
313

1,226
601
259
336
625
2,313
2,018
308

1,236
592
267
336
644
2,291
1,997
300

1,343
622
281
341
721
2,387
2,099
310

2,965

2,990

3,105

3,150

3,035

2,925

3,010

3,028

3,076

2,938

3,064

2,990

3,034

1,107
516
212
301
591
1,861
1,693
172

1,052
519
214
313
533
1,942
1,774
188

1,153
573
224
372
580
1,952
1,731
232

1,156
582
251
329
574
1,974
1,771
202

1,107
558
250
298
549
1,926
1,747
180

1,065
551
223
344
514
1,884
1,723
155

1,079
525
228
292
554
1,930
1,733
184

1,092
530
236
283
562
1,930
1,721
193

1,067
538
239
299
529
2,004
1,827
180

1,032
507
220
286
525
1,906
1,701
212

1,069
537
250
273
532
1,991
1,763
218

1,038
534
253
279
504
1,945
1,730
216

1,082
508
238
268
574
1,961
1,765
195

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1989

1990

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ....

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.4

10.6

10.5
15.0
16.6
14.3
7.9
4.0
4.2
2.9

11.1
15.4

10.9

11.0

15.1

14.8

17.7
13.1

17.5

11.1
15.0
17.2
14.2

11.1
14.9
16.9
13.5

11.3
15.3
17.4
13.8

8.6
4.0
4.2

8.8
4.0

8.8

8.9

9.0

4.1
4.2
3.0

4.1
4.2
3.2

11.2
15.2
18.1
13.4
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.2

10.6
14.5
14.8
14.2
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4

10.7

14.6
15.9
13.7
8.4
4.1
4.3
3.0

16.8
13.0
8.4
4.2
4.3
3.4

10.5
14.4
16.9
12.9
8.3
4.1
4.3
3.3

11.2
14.7
17.4
13.0
9.3
4.2
4.4
3.3

5.3

5.1

10.8
15.6
17.5
14.3
8.2

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

14.6
8.7
4.0
4.1
3.3

12.8

14.8

3.1

4.1
3.1

4.1
4.3
3.0

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.5

10.9
16.3
18.7

11.4
15.9
19.5

10.9
14.7
17.8
12.1
8.9
3.8
3.9

11.8
16.1
19.6
13.8

9.8

4.1
3.5

9.5
3.9
4.0
3.6

11.2
15.1
142
15 6
89
42
43
3.6

13.7
8.6

4.1
4.1
3.5

11.7
15.9
18.5
14.2
9.3
3.9
4.0
3.2

10.9

13.7
8.9
3.7
3.8

11.9
15.7
19.5
13.7

12.0
16.7
19.0

15.1
8.0
3.8

11.5
15.1
17.7
13.1

4.1
4.2
3.5

10.9
14.7
16.9
13.6
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.4

11.8
15.4
18.1
13.8
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.5

15.1
9.4
4.0

14.9
16.5

3.1

3.1

9.4
3.8
3.8
3.3

5.3

5.3

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.2

5.4

5.3

5.4

10.4
13.5
14.1
12.9
8.7
4.1
4.4
2.7

10.0
13.7
14.3
13.4

10.8
14.9
15.2
15.6
8.5
4.3
4.5
3.6

10.9
15.5
17.6
14.2
8.3
4.3
4.5
3.1

10.4
14.6
17.2
12.5
8.1
4.2
4.5

10.2
14.4
14.7
14.6
7.7
4.1
4.4
2.4

10.4
13.8
15.0
12.8
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.8

10.4
13.8
15.7
12.3
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.9

10.4
14.3
16.5
13.0
8.2
4.3
4.6
2.7

10.1
13.7
15.5
12.6
8.0

10.4
14.6
17.3
12.3
8.1
4.3
4.5
3.3

10.0
14.0
16.9
12.0
7.7
4.2
4.4
3.3

10.5
13.9
16.7
12.1

4.1
4.3
3.2

Women, 16 years and over

17.4

3.9
3.0

7.9
4.3
4.6

2.9

2.8

4.1
4.3
3.3

8.7
4.2
4.4
2.9

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)

1989

1990

Category
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.6

5.2
4.3
4.7
15.0

5.3
4.4
4.8

15.4

5.3
4.4
4.9
15.1

5.3
4.5
4.7
14.8

5.3
4.8
4.5
15.0

5.3
4.5
4.8
14.9

5.3
4.6
4.8
15.3

5.3
4.6
4.8
15.2

5.3
4.7
4.6
14.5

5.3
4.6
4.8
14.8

5.2
4.5
4.7
14.4

5.4
4.8
4.8
14.7

4.5
9.7

4.5
10.2
11.8
8.0

4.5
9.6
11.0

4.5
10.2
11.7
8.3

4.5
10.2
11.7
8.0

4.5
10.3
11.9
8.0

4.6
10.2
11.8
8.5

4.5
10.1
11.3
7.1

10.5
7.8

4.5
9.4
10.6
7.7

4.8

8.8

4.5
9.7
11.2
8.8

4.6
9.2

11.0
8.2

4.4
9.6
11.1
7.9

9.1
10.4
8.0

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.2
4.0
7.8

2.9
3.8
8.2

2.9
3.8
7.9

3.0
3.8
8.5

3.1
3.9
8.0

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.0
3.9
7.8

3.1
3.8
8.2

3.0
3.9
8.1

3.4
3.7
7.5

3.0
3.8
7.5

3.2
3.6
8.4

3.3
3.5
7.5

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.0
7.2
1.1
6.0

4.9
6.9
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.7
1.0
6.0

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.9
7.1
1.1
6.0

5.0
7.3
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.1
1.1
5.9

5.0
7.4
1.1
5.9

5.0
7.5
1.1
6.0

5.0
7.0
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.4
1.1
5.9

4.9
7.2
1.1
5.9

5.1
7.1
1.1
6.2

5.3
6.0
5.8
9.8
5.0
4.7
5.3
5.0
3.9
5.9
4.6
2.7
9.8

5.2
5.9
4.6
9.5
4.9
4.6
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.6
4.6
2.9
9.9

5.3
6.2
3.9

5.4
6.2
5.8
10.3
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.0
4.1
6.1
4.4
2.8
8.9

5.4
6.3
6.4
10.2
5.2
4.9
5.7
4.9
3.7
6.0
4.4
2.7
9.0

5.4
6.3
8.4
10.1
5.2
4.9
5.5
5.0
4.5
5.9
4.5
2.8
7.8

5.3
6.2
4.8
9.3
5.4
5.2
5.6
4.9
3.9
5.9
4.3
2.7
9.8

5.4
6.3
6.2
9.8
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.0
3.6
6.4
4.3
2.7
12.1

5.4
6.5
4.4
9.8
5.6
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.4
6.3
4.2
2.6
9.7

5.5
6.7
6.8
9.3
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.0
4.3
6.2
4.3
2.4
9.2

5.5
6.6
4.8
8.9
5.9
5.5
6.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.4
2.5
9.3

5.5
6.6
5.9
10.0
5.5
5.3
5.9
5.0
3.4
6.2
4.5
2.3

5.7
6.9
4.6

10.6
5.9
5.7
6.3
5.1
4.3
6.2
4.5
2.1

10.1

11.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time

48




10.0
5.1
4.6
5.8
4.9
4.1
6.0
4.3
2.9
10.4

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1990

Weeks of unemployment
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

3,113
2,006
1,391
667
724

3,070
1,993
1,331
711
620

3,279
2,006
1,295
684
611

3,156
1,965
1,461
838
623

3,125
2,002
1,338
759
579

3,169
2,030
1,359
769
590

3,166
1,995
1,378
743
635

3,258
1,991
1,422
765
657

3,302
2,013
1,362
730
632

3,119
2,012
1,430
777
653

3,159
2,079
1,369
731
638

3,194
2,044
1,333
702
63 i

3,204
2,175
1,386
697
688

12.6
5.4

11.9
5.3

11.2
5.4

11.9
5.4

11.4
5.0

11.5
5.0

11.7
5.0

11.6
4.8

11.5
4.8

12.1
5.1

11.7
5.4

12.0
5.1

12.1
5.0

100.0
47.8
30.8
21.4
10.2
11.1

100.0
48.0
31.2
20.8
11.1
9.7

100.0
49.8
30.5
19.7
10.4
9.3

100.0
47.9
29.9
22.2
12.7
9.5

100.0
48.3
31.0
20.7
11.7
9.0

100.0
48.3
31.0
20.7
11.7
9.0

100.0
48.4
30.5
21.1
11.4
9.7

100.0
48.8
29.8
21.3
11.5
9.8

100.0
49.5
30.1
20.4
10.9
9.5

100.0
47.5
30.7
21.8
11.8
9.9

100.0
47.8
31.5
20.7
11.1
9.7

100.0
48.6
31.1
20.3
10.7
9.6

100.0
47.4
32.2
20.5
10.3
10.2

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1990

1989
Reasons for unemployment
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,932
833
2,099
985
1,882
692

2,798
805
1,993
1,103
1,853
696

2,820
813
2,007
1,021
1,993
726

2,916
829
2,087
1,016
1,901
723

2,964
865
2,099
1,031
1,772
643

2,932
852
2,080
1,034
1,920
648

2,979
780
2,199
994
1,890
685

3,092
969
2,123
1,049
1,845
695

3,097
957
2,140
1,055
1,853
686

3,183
1,033
2,150
1,016
1,730
640

3,103
964
2,139
1,006
1,805
680

3,038
941
2,097
1,014
1,859
644

3,147
999
2,148
1,179
1,780
617

100.0
45.2
12.8
32.3
15.2
29.0
10.7

100.0
43.4
12.5
30.9
17.1
28.7
10.8

100.0
43.0
12.4
30.6
15.6
30.4
11.1

100.0
44.5
12.6
31.8
15.5
29.0
11.0

100.0
46.2
13.5
32.7
16.1
27.6
10.0

100.0
44.9
13.0
31.8
15.8
29.4
9.9

100.0
45.5
11.9
33.6
15.2
28.9
10.5

100.0
46.3
14.5
31.8
15.7
27.6
10.4

100.0
46.3
14.3
32.0
15.8
27.7
10.3

100.0
48.5
15.7
32.7
15.5
26.3
9.7

100.0
47.1
14.6
32.4
15.3
27.4
10.3

100.0
46.3
14.4
32.0
15.5
28.4
9.8

100.0
46.8
14.9
31.9
17.5
26.5
9.2

2.4
.8
1.5
.6

2.3
.9
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.5

2.4

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.4
.8
1.5

2.5
.8
1.5

2.5
.6
1.5
.6

2.6
.8
1.4
.5

2.5
.8
1.4
.5

2.4

2.5

1.5
.5

1.4
.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




1.4
.5

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1938 to date

(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construc-

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
Services
and
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1,410
1,447

3,458
3,502

905

6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
1,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

0)

o1
()

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548
5,705

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029
6,234

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,483
19,110
19,575

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676
6,814

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600
26,892

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063
4,134

9,765
9,619

10,339
10,606

1938 ...
1939 ...

29,194
30,603

25,311
26,608

11,401
12,297

891
854

1,070
1,165

9,440
10,278

17,793
18,306

2,863
2,936

()
1,762

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485

43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

1950 ....
1951 ....
1952 ....
1953 ....
1954 ....
1955 ....
1956 ....
1957 ....
1958 ....
19592 ...

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584
108,581

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,212
90,854

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249
25,634

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
721
722

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125
5,300

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403
19,612

64,748
65,659
65,753

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

....
....

....
....
....
....

72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335
82,947

4,664

6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660

9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567

()

C)
0)

0)
(11)
()
0

0)
1

9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1990:
January
February
MarchP
ApriP
1

108,101
108,310
108,607
108,767
108,887
109,096
109,171
109,452
109,570

90,475
90,623
90,884
91,016
91,083
91,230
91,328
91,622
91,699

25,671
25,672
25,648
25,669
25,694
25,614
25,603
25,609
25,532

720
722
715
706
729
730
731
737
739

5,279
5,283
5,283
5,314
5,321
5,325
5,335
5,355
5,304

19,672
19,667
19,650
19,649
19,644
19,559
19,537
19,517
19,489

82,430
82,638
82,959
83,098
83,193
83,482
83,568
83,843
84,038

5,682
5,700
5,716
5,736
5,618
5,709
5,729
5,753
5,834

6,206
6,222
6,230
6,237
6,256
6,264
6,278
6,300
6,311

19,489
19,528
19,551
19,586
19,621
19,632
19,679
19,744
19,718

6,776
6,790
6,808
6,815
6,836
6,852
6,851
6,871
6,885

26,651
26,711
26,931
26,973
27,058
27,159
27,188
27,345
27,419

2,982
2,999
2,995
3,000
2,999
2,996
2,984
2,982
2,974

4,111
4,119
4,136
4,145
4,154
4,182
4,153
4,162
4,156

10,533
10,569
10,592
10,606
10,651
10,688
10,706
10,686
10,741

109,931
110,304
110,407
110,471

91,975
92,302
92,297
92,233

25,518
25,686
25,604
25,489

745
749
749
755

5,418
5,485
5,433
5,334

19,355
19,452
19,422
19,400

84,413
84,618
84,803
84,982

5,850
5,865
5,864
5,866

6,332
6,332
6,343
6,345

19,822
19,794
19,778
19,802

6,896
6,916
6,926
6,926

27,557
27,709
27,782
27,805

2,998
3,006
3,088
3,167

4,178
4,197
4,203
4,210

10,780
10,799
10,819
10,861

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1985) are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Mining

702

711

733

736

58.0
8.9
13.9

59.5

65.1

9.0

9.7

526

530

45.8
7.3
10.9

47.2
7.4
11.0

51.6
8.0
12.1

51.7
8.1
12.1

118.3
116.5

117.5
115.6

117.5
115.1

119.6
117.2

255.7
97.3

158.4

258.7
97.5
161.2

276.6
95.1
181.5

275.2
95.1
180.1

82.1
30.5

87.7
32.8

80.0
28.5

83.0
29.6

5,179

3,695

3,960

3,766

3,821

1,287.3 1,331.7 1,319.4 1,320.5 1,340.7
716.2
691.0
707.9 709.0
45.3
42.6
42.4
45.4
550.9 570.2 568.9 569.1

912.7
476.1
19.8
416.8

955.4
500.1
19.6
435.7

936.2
490.2
18.3
427.7

935.8
488.9
18.3
428.6

564.8
150.7
414.1

642.6
191.4
451.2

580.9
142.3
438.6

608.2
157.8
450.4

13.9

14.9

65.0
9.9
15.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

144.4
142.3

143.2
141.0

144.2
141.4

145.4
142.6

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

390.5
196.0
194.5

394.0
196.1
197.9

416.6
195.8
220.8

415.0
195.6
219.4

108.9
39.2
32.2
17.7

114.7
41.5
35.2
17.7

107.4
37.6
31.9
17.9

110.3
38.7
33.5
17.8

4,837

5,121

4,942

5,004

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174

175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods




Mar.
1990p

511

10
101
102

52

Feb.
1990

502

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990p

89,052 89,975 90,600 91,072 91,747 71,923 72,751 73,119 73,559 74,201

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Mar.
1989

107,017 107,944 108,895 109,559 110,332

Total

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

Apr.
1990p

24
241
242

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

694.2
194.1
500.1

775.3
236.4
538.9

713.6
183.8
529.8

747

418.8

741.9
200.0
541.9

2,855.5 3,013.8 2,909.0 2,941.3
651.0
661.3
653.2 652.6
159.8
170.4
160.5
162.0
537.8
540.7
555.1
551.3
460.4
492.9
480.9
481.4
191.1
197.1
185.6
186.0
192.6
208.0 203.5
205.2

537

3,984

2,217.1 2,361.9 2,248.6 2,277.3
478.3 486.7 476.7 476.1
140.9
132.7
131.1
131.8
423.0
412.8 415.6
426.7
410.2
392.1 421.5
408.5
153.4
140.5
147.8
140.0
164.7
160.2
149.4
159.3

19,556 19,580

19,325 19,314 19,318 13,348 13,362 13,113 13,106 13,133

11,550

11,573

11,343 11,340 11,337

7,710

7,727

7,521

7,527

7,542

755.0
85.5
205.8

757.8
83.1
206.6
167.7
35.2

745.1
86.5
205.0
166.9
34.6
260.3

625.7
69.8

611.3
71.3
178.5

613.8
70.5
178.7

614.9

179.9

628.4
67.3
180.6

145.6
31.2

146.4
31.1

217.7
85.9
57.1
21.4
31.5
36.4
51.1
38.2
70.8

220.1
86.7
57.8
21.5
31.5
37.1
52.7
39.5
70.6

145.4
30.5
209.3
80.4
55.0
20.6
32.6
34.6
49.1
37.5
68.5

145.4
30.4
211.0
81.7
55.1
20.5
32.6
35.5
49.1
37.7
69.0

166.8
35.4
266.4
106.6
71.7
24.6
35.1
43.0

68.1
47.2
86.2

268.9
107.4
72.4
24.7

35.1
43.8
69.5
48.6
85.9

741.9
87.5
204.7
166.7
34.7
258.6
101.6
69.4
23.9
36.2
41.2
65.2
46.7
84.7

102.8
69.7
23.8
36.2
42.1
65.7
47.1
85.5

746.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

All employees

1972
Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

SIC

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

252
253
254
259
32
321
322
3221
3229

323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
3296

33
331
3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357

336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
3444
3446
Architectural metal work

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Production workers

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990 p

534.8
314.4
138.8
102.4
29.4
30.3
69.8
34.7
78.3
37.6

536.0
313.1
138.6
102.1
28.5
30.5
71.3
34.8
79.1
37.7

522.9
303.6
133.8
101.5
25.5
29.5
68.2
32.9
80.2
38.0

522.8
303.1
133.0
102.0
25.5
29.8
67.8
33.0
80.8
38.1

522.7

592.2
16.3
84.2
42.1
42.1
55.7
19.1
37.9
38.4
204.5
18.8
73.0
92.8
120.9
22.6

603.3
16.4
83.6
41.8
41.8
55.7
19.3
38.4
38.2
214.7
19.3
75.3
100.2
121.2
22.6

578.9
16.0
82.5
41.8
40.7
53.2
19.2
36.2
39.0
200.9
17.8
71.9
91.6
117.3
22.2

584.5
16.0
82.3
41.7
40.6
53.6
19.3
36.8
38.5
205.3
18.2
72.4
95.1
117.7
22.1

592.2

8.8

8.9

8.8

8.9

26.6

26.6

25.8

25.8

789.6
276.4
206.7
25.3
145.6
88.1
9.8
31.8
45.3
26.9
182.2
23.4
28.3
78.2
92.5
55.6

788.7
275.2
206.2
24.9
145.7
87.9

767.4
268.2
201.8
24.2
140.1
85.3

766.8
267.4
201.0
24.3
140.4
85.3
8.6
30.6
45.3
26.6
178.9
22.6
28.3
76.1
88.8
51.8

9.8

8.5

31.9
45.3
26.9
182.6
23.5
28.4
78.2
92.3
55.1

30.6
45.5
26.8
178.8
22.6
28.3
76.0
88.8
51.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
765.4
266.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990p

427.9
266.3
121.3
85.9
24.4
23.2
52.6
27.4
56.5
25.1

427.0
264.9
121.2
85.6
23.3
23.4
52.2
27.4
57.1
25.4

415.3
254.7
115.8
84.4
20.7
22.5
51.1
25.5
57.7
26.3

414.6
254.3
115.1
85.0
20.6
22.8
50.5
25.6
58.1
26.1

415.3

459.2
13.2
72.6
38.0
34.6
42.9
14.5
29.5
30.6
154.9
11.9
55.3
72.5
89.3
16.1

469.4
13.3
72.3
38.0
34.3
42.9
14.6
29.9
30.5
164.6
12.5
57.4
79.5
89.1
16.0

445.7
12.5
71.3
37.9
33.4
40.4
14.7
27.8
31.0
151.5
11.4
53.7
71.3
85.5
15.6

451.6
12.6
71.2
37.8
33.4
40.8
14.8
28.4
30.5
155.7
11.8
54.2
74.6
86.3
15.7

458.5

6.6
-

6.7
-

6.5
-

6.8
-

604.7
214.2
161.6
19.2
115.9
72.4

603.7
212.8
161.0
18.8
116.3
72.3

583.9
206.1
156.4
18.3
111.9
69.6
6.4
24.1
33.9
20.5
128.1
17.3
19.0
55.3
70.3
41.7

583.6
205.7
156.0
18.4
112.1
69.5
6.6
24.1
33.6
20.3
128.4
17.3
19.0
55.5
70.3
41.7

7.4

7.4

25.1
33.9
20.7
130.8
17.9
19.1
57.2
74.3
45.5

25.2
33.9
20.7
131.1
18.0
19.2
57.2
74.1
45.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
582.4
204.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,451.3 1,449.5 1,414.6 1,416.0 1,420.1 1,080.3 1,076.5 1,041.5 1,042.6 1,047.6
_
52.3
52.3
52.5
52.2
44.9
45.0
44.9
44.8
_
41.4
41.4
_
41.3
41.5
35.9
36.0
35.9
35.8
_
_
137.1
136.6
132.7
132.9
101.7
101.3
97.9
97.6
_
46.3
46.2
45.6
45.7
33.9
33.7
33.8
33.6
_
79.6
79.2
_
75.2
75.2
60.1
59.8
55.9
55.8
_
59.7
_
59.8
60.3
60.5
43.3
43.3
43.2
42.8
_
26.2
26.1
25.9
_
25.9
19.6
19.6
19.2
19.0
_
20.8
21.0
_
22.1
21.8
13.9
14.0
14.6
14.3
_
431.9 432.2 425.5 424.8
308.7 308.0 300.1
299.2
_
78.7
78.5
77.8
78.1
56.8
56.3
55.8
55.5
_
_
80.5
81.7
78.2
78.1
58.4
55.9
59.2
55.5
_
107.4
107.3
_
107.4
107.8
72.7
72.7
71.8
72.4
_
99.4
99.4
97.3
97.1
_
74.4
74.2
72.0
71.9
33.7
33.2
32.2
32.2
24.7
24.1
23.0
22.8
-

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

1972
SIC
Code

345
3451
3452

346
3462
3465
3469

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361

See footnotes at end of table.

54




3511
3519

352
3523

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546

355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585

359
3592
3599

3612
3613

362
3621
3622

363
3632
3633
3634

Production workers

All employees
Mar.
1989

102.3
50.8
51.5
237.4
33.5
106.7
84.6
128.9
83.5
45.4
73.4
41.0
228.3
78.2
55.8

Apr.
1989

101.9
50.6
51.3
237.1
33.6
106.9
84.0
129.1
83.4
45.7
73.1
40.7
227.4
78.1
55.8

Feb.
1990

99.2
49.0
50.2
221.5
32.3
94.4
82.2
128.4
82.5
45.9
68.4
37.5
226.0
78.8
56.1

Mar.
1990p

99.2
49.2
50.0
223.7
32.0
97.0
82.2
128.5
82.7
45.8
68.1
37.2
226.2
78.5
56.2

Apr.
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1989

78.3
41.5
36.8
190.5
25.9
90.8
64.3
102.7
66.9
35.8
44.5
22.0
165.7
52.5
42.5

Apr.
1989

77.9
41.3
36.6
189.7
25.9
90.6
63.7
102.6
66.7
35.9
43.8
21.4
164.9
52.4
42.5

Feb.
1990

76.1
39.7
36.4
173.7
24.8
78.0
61.6
101.0
65.6
35.4
41.7
20.0
162.9
52.6
42.6

Mar.
1990p

76.2
39.9
36.3
176.1
24.5
80.7
61.6
100.9
65.4
35.5
42.4
20.6
162.6
52.0
42.6

Apr.
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,147.2 2,148.4 2,144.3 2,137.4 2,124.9 1,304.0 1,303.1 1,303.2 1,298.5 1,294.9
_
_
99.0
64.6
98.9
97.9
64.3
98.1
64.6
64.6
_
_
29.4
29.2
27.4
26.8
16.0
15.7
16.8
16.9
_
49.1
_
69.7
71.3
69.6
70.5
47.8
47.7
48.3
123.0
111.8 111.7 122.1
_
81.5
82.0
_
92.4
91.5
_
_
85.0
84.6
80.3
79.9
56.8
56.5
61.3
60.8
_
_
241.0
235.5 236.6 240.1
145.0 145.6 147.9
148.4
87.1
85.4
_
86.6
86.0
53.4
53.6
53.3
53.8
_
_
17.2
17.1
16.7
16.6
10.3
10.3
10.7
10.6
_
_
43.1
42.4
25.1
42.6
42.5
25.8
25.2
25.3
_
36.1
_
36.4
35.7
19.8
19.5
36.2
19.9
20.1
29.2
29.2
28.2
28.3
19.8
_
19.9
19.5
19.3
_
_
333.9 334.7 333.7 331.6
242.2 242.0 239.9 238.5
52.7
52.9
34.4
53.2
34.3
_
34.4
34.8
_
53.1
_
_
19.4
12.6
19.8
12.7
19.9
19.4
12.5
12.5
_
156.9
_
121.4
121.2 122.1
121.5
157.3 157.2 157.8
59.7
60.4
61.9
42.1
_
44.0
_
44.3
61.8
42.6
_
_
23.0
16.9
23.0
16.9
23.5
23.2
15.9
16.0
_
_
179.2 179.2 176.4 175.9
107.3 107.4 104.2 103.9
_
35.7
_
21.7
21.7
21.8
35.6
36.0
36.0
21.5
21.0
14.1
21.2
13.9
_
14.0
_
21.2
21.3
14.0
_
_
26.8
15.2
15.1
17.3
17.4
26.9
29.5
29.4
166.7
166.0 166.6 167.1
255.3 256.2 256.5 256.6
_
_
_
46.4
_
26.7
45.9
46.0
45.9
27.3
27.0
26.5
43.9
44.0
43.7
43.7
34.1
34.2
34.2
34.3
_
22.7
_
22.4
22.4
22.5
12.8
12.9
13.1
12.6
31.3
21.0
31.5
20.8
31.6
31.5
21.3
21.5
_
12.4
17.7
17.7
17.5
_
12.3
12.4
12.2
_
17.7
_
_
18.7
12.7
13.0
18.6
13.0
18.9
18.9
12.8
474.8 473.7 468.2 464.2
154.2
155.2 154.7 156.1
_
419.8 418.7 413.7 410.5
_
129.9 129.1
_
130.7 129.2
_
_
188.1
135.5 135.8 126.6 125.3
178.9 177.4
188.3
123.2
124.1
131.3
89.6
_
90.4
97.8
_
97.7
131.5
_
_
270.5 270.1
269.5 268.7
206.0 205.2 205.3 204.5
_
_
30.5
24.1
28.4
24.1
28.5
30.5
23.1
22.9
240.0 239.6 241.0 240.3
182.2 181.6
181.9 181.1
2,051.7 2,047.8 1,987.0 1,981.9 1,975.6 1,208.9 1,205.8 1,168.5 1,168.7 1,169.1
_
_
108.6 108.4 104.7 104.3
73.6
73.7
76.6
77.0
_
_
53.7
51.1
51.2
36.4
38.4
38.5
53.6
36.4
_
_
54.9
38.2
53.2
53.5
54.8
37.2
37.3
38.5
_
183.3
130.4 130.6 127.6
184.1
_
186.3
186.1
127.0
_
_
90.6
88.1
88.7
71.4
71.3
90.8
69.1
69.6
_
_
60.6
60.9
60.8
36.2
61.1
36.0
35.2
35.3
136.6 137.8 132.4 133.5
_
_
109.7 110.4 105.9 107.5
25.2
27.9
21.4
_
25.8
23.7
23.2
29.2
20.4
_
_
23.1
22.7
18.9
18.7
18.1
18.5
22.8
22.3
37.1
36.0
27.9
27.7
29.3
36.3
36.0
28.3
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

1972
SIC
Code

364

3641
3643
3644
3645
365

3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
37
371

3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376

3761
379

3792
38
381
382

3822
3823
3825
383
384

3841
3842
385
386

387
39
391

3911
393
394

3942,4
3949
395
396

3961
399
3993

Production workers

Al employees
Mar.
1989

202.5
26.7
78.7
17.0
28.9
91.6
67.8
545.4
104.7
440.7
623.4
38.8
258.6
252.0
157.5
27.6
70.0

Apr.
1989

201.0
26.5
78.2
17.1
28.1
92.4
68.6
543.6
104.8
438.8
621.6
38.6
257.7
251.6
156.7
27.9
69.6

Feb.
1990

195.3
25.9
75.3
16.9
27.4
93.6
69.4
517.8
96.5
421.3
605.0
37.8
254.1
244.8
154.1
28.8
66.7

Mar.
1990p

195.1
26.4
75.4
16.7
27.4
93.6
69.3
514.7
95.1
419.6
603.8
37.9
253.3
244.8
153.6
28.3
66.6

Apr.
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1989

147.2
22.8
51.4
12.8
21.9
64.9
46.7
221.8
62.5
159.3
346.5
24.9
96.6
170.1
111.4
20.9
53.7

Apr.
1989

145.3
22.6
51.0
12.8
20.9
65.6
47.3
220.6
62.3
158.3
346.1
24.7
96.3
170.3
110.6
21.0
53.5

Feb.
1990

141.4
22.2
49.0
12.5
20.4
65.4
46.6
208.3
58.2
150.1
338.5
23.8
97.6
167.1
107.7
22.2
50.3

Mar.
1990p

142.0
22.7
49.3
12.3
20.4
66.0
46.9
207.4
57.9
149.5
337.9
23.7
97.1
167.2
107.3
21.7
50.4

Apr.
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,066.6 2,075.1 2,023.0 2,021.7 2,024.7 1,291.9 1,301.7 1,242.1 1,244.1 1,248.3
868.6
876.7 824.5
828.2
634.7
631.1
676.1 683.1
824.2
629.5
_
_
359.4 364.8
343.3
273.7 250.0 250.3
269.3
341.8
_
_
43.6
43.2
43.9
43.0
33.8
34.2
33.8
33.9
_
_
413.8
392.6 395.0
415.9
332.2 334.0
313.0
310.6
_
_
31.1
30.6
24.7
26.8
24.2
26.8
21.0
21.0
_
_
695.7 697.9
709.1
338.2 340.3
706.4
340.9
341.8
_
_
385.2 382.9
375.6
373.2
163.8
165.2
166.2
165.9
_
_
150.4
151.9
150.6
75.8
151.7
76.6
76.5
75.9
_
_
171.9
172.0
171.9
99.1
98.6
171.8
99.1
98.5
_
_
183.0
191.5
192.1
136.4
143.2
184.7
138.2
143.6
_
_
120.1
121.4
121.2
85.9
83.7
83.9
122.3
87.2
_
_
71.4
70.7
62.4
61.8
59.3
51.0
50.5
59.9
_
_
39.6
38.3
38.1
28.4
39.5
29.2
29.3
28.6
_
_
208.7
206.2 205.6
207.7
62.0
63.2
63.9
62.4
_
_
153.5
152.7
153.0
42.1
153.6
43.1
43.3
42.3
_
_
49.7
46.8
49.4
34.2
47.5
31.3
30.9
33.9
19.7
20.7
20.5
15.1
16.5
20.1
15.5
16.3
774.0
99.3
269.7
49.5
62.9
108.8
30.8
208.4
103.4
90.1
38.9
115.5
11.4

775.7
99.6
269.5
49.4
63.0
108.6
30.7
209.9
104.6
90.4
39.1
115.5
11.4

774.1
100.4
267.4
47.7
63.5
108.1
30.0
214.4
106.7
92.9
40.3
110.6
11.0

773.8
100.9
266.7
47.6
63.5
107.5
29.8
214.3
106.6
92.9
41.0
110.1
11.0

774.4

387.9
53.3
38.3
13.4
104.5
44.0
60.5
34.1
40.8
22.4
141.8
62.3

390.2
53.6
38.7
13.4
105.6
44.6
61.0
34.3
41.0
22.2
142.3
62.4

389.2
53.1
38.3
12.7
105.2
44.3
60.9
33.7
43.1
25.0
141.4
63.2

389.6
53.3
38.7
12.6
105.4
43.9
61.5
33.6
44.3
25.7
140.4
62.6

389.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

426.5
46.0
154.6
33.3
33.8
55.1
16.1
125.4
60.4
56.8
26.4
49.4

427.6
46.1
154.5
33.2
33.9
54.9
16.2
126.2
61.1
56.8
26.6
49.4

427.3
48.2
151.5
32.0
33.4
54.5
15.6
128.0
61.2
58.3
27.7
48.0

426.5
48.6
151.2
32.0
33.2
54.3
15.3
127.8
60.9
58.3
28.5
46.9

-

8.6

8.6

8.3

8.2

281.0
37.7
27.0
11.1
76.6
30.6
46.0
23.6
31.8
17.3
100.2
42.9

283.5
38.0
27.3
11.0
77.7
31.3
46.4
23.8
32.0
17.1
101.0
43.1

282.5
37.0
26.5
10.4
76.8
31.1
45.7
23.6
33.6
19.9
101.1
44.3

282.6
37.1
26.7
10.3
76.4
30.4
46.0
23.7
34.6
20.3
100.5
43.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

428.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

282.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausag ^ and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yam mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

56




Production workers

All employees
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

5,638 5,635 5,592 5,579 5,591
8,006 8,007 7,982 7,974 7,981
1,598.6 1,600.4 1,618.3 1,612.4 1,612.2 1,132.3 1,133.1 1,150.6 1,145.5 1,145.6
408.3 409.7 423.6 422.5
346.0 347.4 359.9 358.9
_
_
121.2
119.1
118.8
121.8
144.4
145.2
142.3
142.2
_
_
60.5
59.9
60.3
60.3
82.0
82.2
81.8
82.0
_
_
171.7
171.5
161.0
162.4
146.3
147.8
155.2
155.5
_
_
94.3
95.6
153.3
152.1
155.4
156.1
93.6
92.6
_
_
31.6
31.6
31.3
41.4
41.0
41.3
41.5
31.5
_
_
36.4
37.3
37.5
36.5
73.6
73.5
74.6
74.5
_
_
183.4
227.4 227.5 229.4 227.9
185.4
183.3
186.3
_
_
16.3
16.6
18.0
23.2
24.3
23.5
23.3
17.3
_
_
55.0
56.4
57.4
55.2
67.0
67.7
69.5
70.7
_
_
42.0
40.0
38.5
41.4
48.6
47.9
46.1
44.6
_
_
87.2
86.7
130.1
130.6
124.8
124.7
90.3
90.7
_
_
16.0
15.3
15.1
16.1
24.3
24.4
22.1
22.0
_
27.6
26.7
26.7
27.4
43.1
43.0
42.1
42.2
_
_
122.6
120.7
122.4
199.5
199.7
198.6
198.1
121.1
_
_
88.1
87.0
87.0
87.5
154.7
154.5
153.5
153.6
_
_
34.1
33.7
44.8
45.2
45.1
44.5
34.5
34.9
_
_
74.7
72.5
70.4
77.9
97.1
100.4
93.8
91.4
_
_
13.1
13.7
13.2
14.5
17.2
18.7
17.9
17.5
_
_
47.4
45.3
43.5
58.4
59.2
55.4
53.2
48.3
_
_
22.5
23.5
23.7
23.0
31.0
31.6
32.1
32.2
_
_
78.9
82.8
83.4
78.8
190.2
190.1
195.3
196.9
_
_
24.5
24.7
40.2
39.9
40.5
40.8
24.2
24.0
_
_
36.3
36.9
34.9
108.9
109.1
110.4
111.7
35.0
118.6
121.0
121.9
119.0
160.8
160.8
162.9
163.8
54.5
40.3

51.4
39.9

51.5
36.5

49.1
36.3

45.8
-

40.1
29.6

37.4
29.3

39.2
27.6

36.1
27.1

32.7
-

727.2
96.1
91.6
19.6
24.8
209.7
33.6
36.8
68.6
25.5
26.4
61.5
25.6
21.7
61.2
106.7
80.4
14.5
56.0

727.7
96.4
91.0
19.6
24.5
211.3
33.7
36.9
70.0
25.4
26.6
61.5
25.7
21.7
61.4
106.1
79.9
14.4
55.9

712.5
94.2
89.0
18.0
24.1
205.7
32.7
37.3
67.0
24.0
27.1
61.9
26.9
21.5
64.1
101.1
75.8
13.6
54.4

709.4
92.9
88.2
17.9
24.0
205.4
32.8
37.1
66.9
23.7
27.1
61.7
26.7
21.4
64.2
100.5
75.5
13.7
54.6

708.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

629.8
86.4
81.6
15.9
21.2
185.2
30.3
33.4
61.3
21.6
23.0
50.7
21.0
17.5
49.8
95.5
72.6
12.8
43.5

629.7
86.6
80.8
15.9
20.9
186.6
30.4
33.5
62.4
21.6
23.2
50.7
21.1
17.6
50.0
94.9
72.1
12.7
43.3

612.3
84.8
78.3
14.5
20.2
179.7
29.2
33.7
58.7
20.4
23.4
50.0
21.4
17.2
52.4
90.6
68.3
12.1
41.8

609.5
83.5
77.6
14.2
20.2
179.2
29.2
33.3
58.7
20.1
23.5
50.1
21.4
17.1
52.6
89.8
67.9
12.2
42.3

609.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,102.3 1,100.3 1,063.9 1,055.7 1,062.8
_
50.9
50.5
58.1
57.1
_
300.8 300.9 292.2 285.6
_
69.9
72.8
75.2
75.0
_
45.2
47.1
50.5
50.3
_
87.0
88.7
90.8
91.4
_
344.7 342.0 323.2 322.4
_
39.6
39.8
43.4
43.0
_
74.1
72.7
78.7
77.0
_
34.3
35.8
37.8
34.3
174.4
176.4
186.8
184.2
-

931.5
49.8
260.4
64.3
43.8
79.8
289.8
36.3
66.0
29.6
157.9

929.6
48.9
260.7
64.4
43.6
80.2
287.0
35.6
64.2
31.5
155.7

895.4
42.6
251.9
62.5
40.4
77.2
270.0
32.7
60.0
27.9
149.4

887.3
43.2
245.8
59.9
38.7
75.7
268.6
32.5
61.3
27.8
147.0

893.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

71.0
57.1
13.9
56.4
22.0
44.0
208.8
25.3
56.1
44.1

70.8
56.9
13.9
56.5
22.2
44.2
210.1
25.8
55.8
44.8

66.2
52.8
13.4
57.6
22.4
43.4
211.3
26.4
57.4
44.4

65.7
52.5
13.2
56.2
21.4
42.2
212.9
26.0
57.2
46.0

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

693.1
192.4
172.2
52.4
239.1
60.2
26.9
53.8
209.2
46.4
113.6
22.3

692.1
191.9
171.8
52.4
238.3
60.1
26.8
52.9
209.5
46.4
113.6
22.3

694.4
193.5
173.4
52.7
238.9
60.4
26.6
53.7
209.3
46.5
114.4
22.0

693.8
193.8
173.6
52.1
238.7
59.4
26.5
53.3
209.2
46.6
114.3
21.9

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

_
-

58.8
49.1
9.7
47.2
19.1
36.2
174.3
21.0
47.4
37.3

58.8
49.0
9.8
47.3
19.3
36.5
175.2
21.5
46.9
38.2

54.9
45.8
9.1
48.7
19.6
36.1
175.2
22.0
48.1
37.1

54.4
45.4
9.0
47.5
18.7
34.9
176.7
21.5
47.9
38.7

693.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

522.0
146.0
130.0
40.2
174.0
34.8
20.9
42.3
161.8
37.0
85.3
18.7

520.4
145.5
129.6
40.1
172.9
34.7
20.8
41.4
161.9
36.9
85.3
18.7

523.6
146.7
130.6
40.4
174.9
35.7
20.6
42.1
161.6
37.1
85.9
18.4

522.3
146.5
130.5
39.7
174.6
34.8
20.5
41.8
161.5
37.2
85.7
18.4

524.1
_
_
_
_
_

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

1,599.8 1,602.2 1,624.9 1,627.2 1,627.3
_
475.4 474.8 481.1
480.9
_
134.8
134.5
138.6
139.0
122.3
123.5
123.1
123.9
_
90.4
91.3
91.3
91.6
_
31.9
32.2
31.8
32.3
_
81.8
82.9
83.4
83.9
_
570.6 572.3 580.7 582.1
_
175.0
176.0
178.9
179.3
_
367.5 367.9 374.2 374.9
_
49.6
49.2
48.5
48.2
_
80.5
80.3
82.0
81.7
60.8
60.5
61.4
61.3
-

891.8
168.9
47.5
65.4
40.0
25.4
42.5
414.3
126.3
265.6
33.8
62.5
44.8

893.0
168.0
47.4
66.2
40.6
25.6
42.7
416.0
127.0
266.2
33.5
62.3
44.5

904.1
167.5
51.0
66.9
40.7
26.2
42.7
421.1
128.2
271.3
33.7
63.0
45.1

905.4
167.8
50.7
67.2
40.8
26.4
43.1
422.2
128.5
271.6
33.4
62.8
45.1

906.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ...
Agricultural chemicals..
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

1,084.4 1,086.4 1,100.4 1,102.7 1,102.2
_
133.8
133.9
136.2
136.5
90.5
90.4
91.8
91.9
_
183.6
184.0
189.4
188.7
_
85.5
86.0
88.3
87.9
_
68.8
68.8
71.0
70.7
_
238.4 239.5 247.1
248.2
196.4
197.3 203.8 204.8
_
161.8
161.4
158.3
158.6
43.3
43.4
43.8
43.4
_
46.5
46.3
47.0
47.2
72.0
71.7
67.5
68.0
_
63.0
62.9
62.9
63.0
_
148.8
149.2
152.1
152.3
_
30.5
30.6
31.5
31.5
_
118.3
118.6
120.6
120.8
_
53.7
54.3
53.7
54.4
101.3
101.2
100.7
101.0
-

608.4
68.1
48.0
120.0
50.6
48.5
105.0
85.6
102.4
27.0
26.5
48.9
31.8
86.7
18.9
67.8
34.1
60.3

608.1
68.3
48.0
120.4
50.9
48.7
104.0
85.0
102.2
27.1
26.4
48.7
31.6
87.0
18.9
68.1
34.5
60.1

614.7
70.2
48.5
123.2
52.1
50.0
111.1
92.4
97.9
28.1
25.5
44.3
31.6
87.0
19.0
68.0
33.5
60.2

613.6
69.8
48.5
122.9
51.8
50.0
110.5
92.2
98.1
27.6
25.9
44.6
31.8
86.1
18.9
67.2
34.2
60.2

614.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

101.9
77.2
17.6

104.2
77.2
19.9

103.8
79.0
17.4

105.8
79.8
18.6

108.1
_
-

158.1
121.6
23.7

160.6
121.6
26.2

160.4
123.7
23.5

162.2
124.0
25.0

_
_
_
_
_

164.9
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

AN employees
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

820.9
82.8
10.9

826.5
84.3
11.0

828.9

662.1
63.7
9.1

661.6
63.9
9.0

636.6
60.8
8.9

642.1
62.5
9.0

303,4
306
307

27.8
102.0
619.9

27.8
101.1
619.8

27.0
95.4
604.8

27.0
95.1
609.1

-

20.7
78.6
490.0

20.7
77.9
490.1

20.1
72.3
474.5

20.1
72.0
478.5

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

142.4
14.2
81.3
35.9
27.8
11.5
15.9

141.8
14.3
80.9
35.8
27.8
11.7
15.7

135.2
14.5
75.6
33.0
26.6
11.8
14.4

134.7
14.6
75.3
32.9
26.4
11.7
14.1

134.6

117.7
12.0
69.2
28.9
24.7
8.3
12.3

117.5
12.0
69.0
29.0
24.6
8.4
12.1

112.0
12.2
64.4
26.9
23.6
8.6
11.3

111.6
12.2
64.2
26.9
23.3
8.5
11.1

111.1

5,607

5,649

5,790

5,806

5,835

4,666

4,707

4,831

4,851

4,873

3,404

3,443

3,587

3,605

3,627

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

310.9
115.9

314.6
116.7

323.3
123.0

319.2
123.3

26.1

26.4

25.2

17.2

40
4011

291.8
249.3

297.0
253.7

281.0
238.0

280.0
236.5

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

337.4
127.1
36.2
29.2
115.0

341.8
128.2
35.9
29.5
116.8

354.3
137.0
34.9
28.8
123.4

350.2
137.4
35.2
20.7
124.9

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

169.1
27.5
92.8

173.5
28.6
95.3

162.7
28.3
85.0

165.1
28.9
86.6

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services

45
451,2
458

651.7
556.8
94.9

658.0
563.5
94.5

757.2
652.9
104.3

763.0
658.1
104.9

-

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

18.1

18.2

19.2

19.3

-

12.8

Transportation services
Freight forwarding

47
471

334.5
74.5

337.3
75.1

358.6
79.0

361.6
79.3

_

_

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

48
481
483
4832
4833

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade




Apr.
1990p

844.5
84.8
11.0

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

58

Mar.
1990 p

845.5
84.7
11.1

Transportation

See footnotes at end of table.

Feb.
1990

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies

Apr.
1989

50
501
5012
5013

1,601.5 1,616.8 1,653.7 1,665.6
1,483.7 1,498.9 1,531.6 1,543.3
122.1
117.9
117.8
122.3

2,203 2,206 2,203 2,201
1,276.0 1,276.0 1,267.8 1,261.8
884.4 882.4 862.8 855.8
241.8 243.1
247.7 247.6
120.3
123.1
123.4
120.8
121.5
124.5
124.3
122.3

-

_

645.2

-

-

-

1,393.8 1,410.9 1,436.9 1,450.4
1,294.8 1,312.2 1,335.1 1,348.4
102.0
101.8
98.7
99.0

:

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12.9
-

13.9

14.0

_

_

_

-

2,208
969.9
652.7
200.1

971.2
652.3
201.0

971.1
644.2
204.3

969.1
641.5
204.5

732.0
342.9
129.1
157.4
80.3

733.8
342.9
129.5
157.1
81.6

738.4
342.9
130.6
155.1
87.1

742.5
345.2
131.1
155.0
88.2

927.2
448.7
164.3
192.4
92.9

929.7
448.6
164.9
192.8
94.1

935.4
445.4
167.5
192.3
100.8

939.5
447.2
168.3
192.2
102.2

6,154

6,186

6,276

6,302

6,327

4,950

4,976

5,035

5,055

3,658
434.9
123.7
281.1

3,669
436.9
124.2
282.2

3,736
433.5
122.5
280.4

3,747
433.3
122.5
280.1

3,757

2,923
350.7

2,931
353.2

2,977
349.6

2,985
349.4

-

5,079

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uoue

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

502

5021
5023
503

5031
5039
504
505
506

5063
5064
5065
507

5072
5074
508

5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509

5093
51
511
512
513
514

5141
5147
5148
516
517

5171
5172
518

5181
5182
519

5191

Retail trade

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1989

Apr.

1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

154.3
155.4
155.8
156.2
70.4
70.7
72.7
72.5
84.7
83.7
83.9
83.1
231.0
241.0
238.9
232.1
126.2
125.4
120.9
121.1
114.8
111.2
109.9
113.5
96.9
97.3
95.2
95.0
143.6
145.7
145.5
143.5
545.7
548.2
520.6
520.8
272.4
272.1
289.8
289.3
70.7
69.0
68.9
70.3
187.7
186.1
179.2
179.8
283.4 280.6 280.1
281.8
94.8
95.2
97.9
97.4
117.7
117.0
116.6
116.3
1,557.9 1,563.6 1,603.1 1,610.5
566.7
565.0
557.8
558.3
87.0
85.0
84.6
87.5
126.7
124.7
123.0
120.0
358.8 359.3
344.9
343.9
152.1
150.4
144.7
144.2
179.4
182.2
179.2
183.0
234.8
238.8
237.5
235.3
111.0
110.3
112.4
112.3

Apr.
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,496
225.2
186.5
196.2
823.1
269.3
66.3
99.6
128.9
206.8
86.9
119.9
150.8
95.3
55.5
458.8
155.2

2,517
225.7
186.8
197.1
827.4
270.0
66.7
100.4
130.1
207.2
87.0
120.2
151.4
95.9
55.5
470.2
163.9

2,540
230.5
190.6
202.8
832.8
278.0
66.4
96.8
130.0
206.8
87.4
119.4
154.0
97.3
56.7
476.7
160.0

2,555
231.6
191.6
203.7
836.9
278.9
65.9
99.1
130.8
206.6
87.5
119.1
154.6
98.1
56.5
484.0
164.3

2,570

19,059

19,275

19,279

19,363

19,584

746.2
414.3
162.0

774.2
423.5
165.8

741.7
411.7
167.3

759.8
417.3
170.3

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

126.3

125.8

125.2

124.2

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

188.5

189.5

194.5

196.6

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

76.0
115.6
400.4

75.9
115.4
398.6

77.6
113.8
414.7

77.0
113.8
415.9

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

228.5

229.7

225.8

225.4

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

1,248.2 1,253.0 1,285.3 1,290.9
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

189.0

190.1

190.7

191.9

-

-

-

-

2,027
182.5
156.7
151.7
688.6

2,045
182.0
157.0
152.1
694.7

2,058
184.0
159.2
157.6
697.1

2,070
184.0
159.7
158.1
699.8

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

92.7
162.4

93.6
162.5

95.0
163.6

95.9
164.0

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

123.3

123.6

125.4

126.1

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

371.5

381.7

382.9

389.9

-

-

16,830 17,028

Apr.
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

-

-

-

17,011

17,087

17,294

610.8
344.5
137.3

627.4
349.1
140.1

_
-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,398.0 2,404.9 2,388.8 2,363.0 2,364.2 2,204.6 2,209.5 2,217.4 2,193.7
1,981.0 1,987.3 1,986.4 1,963.9
1,831.1 1,834.5 1,855.9 1,836.0
_
233.6 222.8
234.3
222.2
214.5
214.2
204.8
203.8
179.6
184.0
182.7
176.9
159.0
160.8
156.7
153.9
-

_
_

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,184.3 3,197.0 3,327.5 3,321.9 3,335.5 2,930.8 2,940.8 3,055.8 3,049.2
2,609.9 2,616.7 2,722.5 2,713.8
2,819.8 2,829.4 2,948.3 2,940.3
_
_
_
_
_
57.1
55.7
57.8
55.9
_
_
_
_
_
27.3
30.5
29.8
27.8
174.4
179.8
178.0
175.3
157.2
158.9
157.9
160.6
-

_
_

55

2,129.4 2,148.4 2,141.3 2,149.3 2,159.3 1,778.3 1,796.3 1,778.3 1,785.3
_
1,046.6 1,046.5 1,028.2 1,030.2
868.5
868.5 849.2 850.6
_
341.1 347.9
361.8
359.5
273.9 279.8 286.2 288.9
633.3
637.6 637.0 636.6
549.7
554.5
551.3
550.2
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

551,2
553
554

-

614.0
346.8
134.0

640.6
356.0
137.3

_

_

_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

1972
SIC
Code

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

1,165.1 1,164.4 1,141.4 1,138.0
101.4
103.4
106.4
105.7
410.8 412.8
397.6 395.9
269.3 269.3 263.2 262.7
229.1
229.7
227.0 227.1
805.2
469.2
290.5
80.2
255.8
179.3
76.5

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

979.4
86.1
344.7
232.0
190.8

978.7
85.2
345.6
232.1
188.9

953.8
82.2
328.7
226.6
189.3

951.0
80.6
328.7
225.2
191.1

659.5
382.1

656.5
382.5

663.0
384.7

661.4
385.2

66.9
210.5

64.7
209.3

60.5
217.8

59.4
216.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

6,164.2 6,316.0 6,195.6 6,311.5 6,474.8 5,596.2 5,739.9 5,608.4 5,719.2

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,466.7 2,468.2 2,534.6 2,512.9
600.2
599.5 618.4 618.4
122.4
123.3
123.9
123.1
867.3 869.8 889.8
884.7
158.2
165.1
164.5
158.6
95.9
91.6
95.9
91.6
86.5
87.6
85.0
85.3
160.1
160.9
159.0
158.9
179.9
182.5
181.1
177.4
65.8
63.6
65.4
65.0
248.9
265.4 252.3
271.5
120.6
123.5
130.5
132.8
84.2
84.4
86.0
86.3
122.4
123.8
117.0
119.1
423.1
403.0 409.5 435.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

802.2
469.8
290.2
77.8
254.6
177.8
76.8

Mar.
1989

808.3
472.1
290.9
73.2
263.0
182.9
80.1

807.0
472.9
291.6
72.0
262.1
182.5
79.6

6,749

6,851

6,876

6,896

3,306

3,302

3,356

3,358

3,354

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

905.9
403.2
233.3
164.7
264.6
64.6
151.0

902.9
402.3
232.7
164.4
264.4
65.3
148.5

910.5
396.2
229.4
161.9
271.7
71.7
149.6

908.2
393.9
228.4
160.5
272.1
71.0
149.9

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

437.2
340.8

436.5
339.1

433.3
329.5

430.8
326.1

Holding and other investment offices

67

208.5

209.7

218.8

221.0

2,115

2,117

2,153

2,160

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

60




1,459.8 1,459.7 1,488.9 1,494.9
581.0
575.4 579.3
576.4
244.5
229.8 231.0 242.6
552.1
550.5
543.3
543.8
63.5
62.9
57.9
57.8
655.0

657.1

664.4

665.2

721.4

722.4

739.5

732.0

240.8

234.5

222.6

218.8

99.7
329.1

97.6
334.7

104.0
361.6

102.3
350.0

4,851

4,877

4,967

4,991

1,247.3 1,244.8 1,273.6 1,280.6
1,106.8 1,102.8 1,117.5 1,122.4

1,754.2 1,752.9 1,793.6 1,798.0
1,560.9 1,557.4 1,576.2 1,578.2
318.2
313.4 315.3
314.0
368.9
363.8 368.6
364.0
79.2
79.1
80.4
80.2

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Insurance

2,066.9 2,065.6 2,123.2 2,099.3
519.7
508.0
519.9
508.6

6,723

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks

Apr.
1990p

676.1
304.6

673.9
304.2

686.3
301.6

685.8
300.0

205.9

205.7

210.7

211.0

969.9
344.2
186.2
356.2

969.0
344.1
186.8
354.6

997.9 1,001.3
357.2 356.7
196.7
194.3
356.5 357.5

2,166

5,019

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Mar.
1989

1,302

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

1,330

Feb.
1990

1,342

Mar.
1990p

1,358

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

1,376

1,292.6 1,320.9 1,332.8 1,348.6
562.7 575.5 582.9 594.2
548.1
533.9 540.2 546.1
173.4
172.2
164.4
170.2
9.0

9.0

8.8

8.9

26,414 26,704 27,404 27,671 27,861 23,081 23,330 23,870 24,118 24,282

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,541.8 1,569.9 1,537.7 1,565.7
1,501.4 1,525.7 1,492.8 1,517.8

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,226.5 1,234.7 1,283.9 1,283.8
408.7 410.6 411.3 411.5
55.6
56.8
60.0
59.8
366.8
368.2
372.6 373.4
81.4
84.1
80.6
83.6

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,678.2 5,719.5 5,798.6 5,839.0 5,849.3 4,841.0 4,874.5 4,914.2 4,950.1
252.4 253.4 259.7 260.0
186.1
187.0
188.3
188.0
183.2
184.0
187.1
186.9
93.6
93.9
96.1
96.7
236.6 238.2 265.0 267.0
799.4 806.1
800.4 803.5
730.0
723.4 724.5
724.5
1,325.9 1,338.0 1,286.4 1,312.9
214.1
218.5 211.4 211.7
1,008.1 1,016.3 972.0 997.7
743.8 751.4 805.7 810.5
577.5
584.0
624.1
629.0
339.6 342.8 377.8 380.4
280.7 283.7 297.9 299.2

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,213.8 2,225.6 2,271.7 2,274.8
220.1
219.2
216.3 217.1
561.4
546.9 550.6 558.1
466.2 469.4 476.7 478.1
265.6 270.8 274.8 276.4
79.1
78.6
79.1
79.4

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Apr.
1990p

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

883.2
177.9
507.8

891.8
179.7
515.6

925.6
193.6
534.2

934.2
197.7
538.1

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

352.3
116.7

355.6
117.9

364.3
129.8

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

253.0
134.9
100.7

262.4
139.5
105.6

Amusement and recreation services

79

880.8

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

7,480.1
1,177.2
505.4
1,359.6
941.4
418.2
3,431.2
3,173.6
95.6
162.0
163.9
300.5

1,332.1 1,353.8 1,319.8 1,349.6
362.6

364.8

364.9

365.1

326.9

327.9

332.2

332.6

728.5

734.3

762.4

769.4

416.1

421.5

436.0

439.5

367.3
131.0

285.8

288.4

298.7

301.1

265.9
146.3
102.2

270.9
149.3
104.0

214.7
111.3

222.0
114.4

223.3
118.3

227.9
121.3

946.6

883.4

923.3

764.0

823.2

759.8

795.6

7,512.8
1,185.2
507.9
1,363.5
943.8
419.7
3,441.6
3,182.7
96.0
162.9
166.1
304.5

7,964.6
1,268.9
524.6
1,432.8
991.6
441.2
3,612.9
3,346.2
97.0
169.7
183.1
355.3

8,026.3 8,064.0 6,651.9 6,675.7
1,281.9
966.6 970.9
526.3
441.4 443.6
1,442.4
1,228.7 1,232.3
999.5
442.9
3,634.1
3,139.4 3,146.4
3,365.3
97.6
171.2
184.9
360.5

7,072.4 7,127.7
1,034.0 1,044.8
460.1
461.8
1,293.0 1,302.6

3,304.6 3,324.3

See footnotes at end of table.




61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1989

878.5

Apr.
1989

880.4

Feb.
1990

920.2

Mar.
1990p

82
821
822
824

1,707.5 1,712.3 1,750.9 1,760.7
409.4 409.2 414.4 416.2
1,063.9 1,064.7 1,089.5 1,097.1
105.3 105.3 105.9 104.4

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,705.9 1,722.2 1,826.2 1,849.5
348.4 349.5 363.1 365.0
237.7 240.2 242.3 246.4
413.5 417.1 451.7 456.5

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,740.1 1,746.0 1,761.2 1,769.6
100.3
99.6
99.8 101.0
136.2
137.8 135.3 138.0
387.5
391.0 403.6 406.4

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,458.1 1,458.6 1,508.3 1,511.3
737.6
742.5
761.0
762.4
143.4
144.0
152.6
153.8
542.7
537.9
554.9
555.5

Federal Government4

2,976

Executive, by agency4
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




733.6

Feb.
1990

760.2

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

765.9

51.5

1,168.6 1,168.6 1,191.0 1,194.0
609.8
613.5
626.5 627.2

419.8

415.5

422.0

423.2

2,982

2,991

3,082

3,161

2,917.6 2,922.8 2,931.4
965.0 967.3 969.0
841.7
839.9 820.1
1,110.9 1,115.6 1,142.3
37.5
37.5
37.5
21.2
21.8
21.3

3731

123.8
74.4

123.6
74.5

123.9
73.4

122.8
72.5

806

37.5
430.8
248.2

38.4
430.5
247.9

39.9
433.7
252.1

40.5
432.9
252.5

806
82

4,316
4,222
4,289
448.4
450.7 452.3
1,746.2 1,745.8 1,760.2 1,775.6
4,213
447.7

4,324

1,494.0 1,502.1 1,548.7 1,556.5

806
82

10,776 10,765 11,015 11,089 11,100
491.3 491.6 491.2 496.3
638.6 640.4 672.2 675.8
6,171.3 6,136.7 6,289.9 6,325.9
3,139.0 3,158.7 3,226.1 3,247.5

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

62

48.9

Apr.
1989

17,965 17,969 18,295 18,487 18,585

Government

Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

52.5

Mar.
1989

732.6

925.7

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

50.3

Apr.
1990p

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

49,798

50,075

52,234

51,301

51,552

Total private

40,677

40,757

42,704

41,888

41,935

Goods-producing

7,078

7,091

7,141

7,038

7,046

96

96

98

98

99

553

554

585

577

576

6,429

6,441

6,458

6,363

6,371

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,102
124
167
121
107
329
471
865
407
337
174

3,101
124
167
122
107
328
472
861
407
337
177

3,076
123
165
123
106
321
474
831
414
340
181

3,028
121
164
120
104
314
471
825
394
338
178

3,042
120
163
120
105
315
471
821
408
338
180

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,327
512
19
349
866
169
696
316
25
292
83

3,340
511
19
351
876
169
698
317
25
292
83

3,382
544
18
348
858
173
717
330
26
289
80

3,335
524
18
344
846
170
714
329
26
285
79

3,329
517
17
344
843
171
715
330
27
284
79

42,720

42,984

45,093

44,263

44,506

Transportation and public utilities ....

1,621

1,624

1,699

1,687

1,694

Wholesale trade

1,843

1,851

1,934

1,916

1,912

10,148

10,009

10,909

10,337

10,151

4,206

4,217

4,330

4,321

4,328

15,781

15,965

16,691

16,589

16,804

9,121
1,055
2,004
6,062

9,318
1,058
2,074
6,186

9,530
1,060
2,091
6,379

9,413
1,065
2,047
6,301

9,617
1,070
2,123
6,424

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1989

1990

Industry
Apr.

Total

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.P

Apr.P

108,101 108,310 108,607 108,767 108,887 109,096 109,171 109,452 109,570 109,931 110,304 110,407 110,471
90,475

90,623

90,884

91,016

91,083

91,230

91,328

91,622

91,699

91,975

92,302

92,297

92,233

25,671

25,672

25,648

25,669

25,694

25,614

25,603

25,609

25,532

25,518

25,686

25,604

25,489

720
400

722
401

715
402

706
404

729
405

730
408

731
409

737
414

739
416

745
417

749
422

749
421

755
425

5,279
1,377

5,283
1,388

5,283
1,384

5,314
1,391

5,321
1,403

5,325
1,396

5,335
1,386

5,355
1,391

5,304
1,388

5,418
1,425

5,485
1,436

5,433
1,415

5,334
1,389

19,672

19,667

19,650

19,649

19,644

19,559

19,537

19,517

19,489

19,355

19,452

19,422

19,400

11,600
772
537
606
788
275
1,454
2,144
2,058
2,073

11,567

11,549
767
536
602
785
277
1,446
2,154
2,040
2,046

11,551
763
529
601
786
276
1,443
2,152
2,034

11,480

11,457
764
525
600
776
271
1,434
2,139
2,018

11,439
765
525
602
772
269

11,409
765
523
600
771
270
1,426

11,287
770
522
601
764
270
1,407
2,143
1,989
1,920
726
776
395

11,398
765
522
602
767
269
1,419
2,140
1,991
2,021
825
776
395

11,383
765
523
598
765
267

11,353
760
522

391

11,594
771
534
604
787
276
1,452
2,150
2,050
2,076
876
778
392

392

390

8,072

8,073

8,068
1,676
51
718

8,039

1,656
53
728
1,095
697
1,603
1,094
162
843
142

8,100
1,678
53
730
1,094
701
1,609
1,091
163
841

8,054

1,657
54
728
1,098
696
1,601
1,090
162
843
143

8,083
1,663
52
729
1,093
697
1,607
1,096
163
841
142

1,674
51

1,073

136

1,063
699
1,625
1,106
165
821
136

1,669
50
711
1,053
697
1,626
1,106
166

8,047
1,669
48
710
1,061

82,430

82,638

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,682
3,467
2,215

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

875
in

769
534
603
787
276

1,449
2,151
2,041
2,062
861
779
392

844

781
392

2,068
873
782
393

759
528
597
777
273

1,438
2,147
2,023
2,038
843

2,031
833

780
393

779
391

8,079

8,080
1,676
51
724

140

8,093
1,667
52
727
1,095
700
1,611
1,097
163
841
140

82,959

83,098

83,193

83,482

5,700
3,484
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

5,736
3,524
2,212

5,618
3,539
2,079

6,206
3,676
2,530

6,222
3,685
2,537

6,230
3,693
2,537

6,237
3,700
2,537

19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335

19,528
2,491
3,245
2,159
6,348

19,551
2,493
3,262
2,155
6,362

6,776
3,312
2,119
1,345

6,790
3,320
2,123
1,347

Services
Business services
Health services

26,651
5,760
7,528

Government
Federal

17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533

Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance

Real estate

State
Local




1,084

697
1,612

2,145

824
778

825
774

1,992
2,022

389

391

8,078
1,673
51
721
1,084
697
1,617
1,098
164

8,080
1,676

51
719
1,081
697

697
1,624
1,104

714

1,420
2,133

1,990
2,022
824
775

2,121
1,984
2,017
821
776

698

138

1,621
1,103
163
832
137

136

1,626
1,106
166
828
135

83,568

83,843

84,038

84,413

84,618

84,803

84,982

5,709
3,546
2,163

5,729
3,566
2,163

5,753
3,592
2,161

5,834
3,613
2,221

5,850
3,635
2,215

5,865
3,649
2,216

5,864
3,652
2,212

5,866
3,649
2,217

6,256
3,708
2,548

6,264
3,717
2,547

6,278
3,721
2,557

6,300
3,737
2,563

6,311
3,746
2,565

6,332
3,754
2,578

6,332
3,759
2,573

6,343
3,762
2,581

6,345
3,765
2,580

19,586
2,482
3,274
2,155
6,370

19,621
2,484
3,293
2,152
6,385

19,632
2,486
3,294
2,157
6,397

19,679
2,478
3,321
2,169
6,403

19,744
2,492
3,334
2,169
6,417

19,718
2,470
3,341
2,163
6,432

19,822
2,491
3,361
2,170
6,459

19,794
2,460
3,361
2,172
6,467

19,778
2,451
3,362
2,171
6,480

19,802
2,447
3,376
2,168
6,494

6,808
3,320
2,129
1,359

6,815
3,324
2,131
1,360

6,836
3,336
2,137
1,363

6,852
3,343
2,137
1,372

6,851
3,345
2,134
1,372

6,871
3,357
2,138
1,376

6,885
3,360
2,144
1,381

6,896
3,353
2,152
1,391

6,916
3,366
2,155
1,395

6,926
3,365
2,162
1,399

6,926
3,367
2,168
1,391

26,711
5,776
7,570

26,931
5,799
7,616

26,973
5,786
7,648

27,058
5,800
7,695

27,159
5,836
7,739

27,188
5,827
7,778

27,345
5,852
7,839

27,419
5,852
7,884

27,557
5,885
7,934

27,709
5,899
7,981

27,782
5,904
8,034

27,805
5,891
8,080

17,687
2,999
4,119
10,569

17,723
2,995
4,136
10,592

17,751
3,000
4,145
10,606

17,804
2,999
4,154

17,866
2,996
4,182
10,688

17,843
2,984
4,153
10,706

17,830
2,982
4,162

17,871
2,974
4,156
10,741

18,002
3,006
4,197
10,799

18,110
3,088
4,203
10,819

18,238
3,167
4,210

10,686

17,956
2,998
4,178
10,780

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988

64

1,674
51
723
1,088
697
1,612
1,095
163
837
139

1,430

2,146
2,012
2,020

594
765
268
1,424

10,651

1,096

164
837
139

835

163
826

825

10,861

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1990

Industry
Feb.

Total
Total private

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

50,302 50,414 50,515 50,670 50,894 51,023 51,124 51,247 51,212 51,375 51,476 51,643 51,771
41,239 41,340 41,418 41,530 41,717 41,794 41,832 41,950 41,957 42,125 42,191 42,312 42,409
7,152

7,159

7,161

7,166

7,165

7,176

7,167

7,147

7,142

7,138

7,130

7,100

7,107

97

97

97

97

99

98

99

98

98

97

98

99

100

571

571

573

577

577

577

580

581

586

584

587

591

593

6,484

6,491

6,491

6,492

6,489

6,501

6,488

6,468

6,458

6,457

6,445

6,410

6,414

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,111
127
166
123
107
329
471
863
407
337
181

3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180

3,111
126
167
124
108
327
471
859
409
338
182

3,108
126
167
124
108
327
472
853
410
339
182

3,103
125
167
123
108
326
474
850
409
338
183

3,103
124
169
123
107
327
475
847
407
341
183

3,099
124
165
123
108
325
475
846
410
340
183

3,084
123
165
122
107
324
474
840
406
340
183

3,072
123
163
123
106
322
472
835
407
340
181

3,071
123
165
124
106
321
473
832
408
339
180

3,064
124
163
123
106
319
473
825
411
338
182

3,036
124
163
122
104
314
470
824
393
338
184

3,052
123
163
122
105
316
470
823
408
338
184

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,373
537

3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321

3,380
537
18
353
875
171
702
322

3,384
537
17
353
873
171
706
325

3,386
540
17
353
871
172
708
325

3,389
540
18
352
869
174
710
326

3,384
549
17
350
863
172
708
326

3,386
548
17
352
860
173
709
327

3,386
548
17
350
860
172
713
328

3,381
546
17
348
858
172
715
331

0

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

292

291

3,374
548
17
347
852
172
715
331
(1)
285

3,362
543
17
346
841
174
716
333

0

3,398
551
18
353
870
173
709
324
(1)
292
82

82

82

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

19
352
874
171
698
319

O

292
85
43,150

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,630

Wholesale trade

1,862

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

10,318
4,242
16,035

293
84
43,255
1,629
1,866
10,336
4,249

9,063 16,101
1,064 9,074
2,017 1,064
5,982 2,020
5,990

292
84

291
83

43,354 43,504 43,729
1,628

1,635

1,645

1,876

1,888

1,893

43,847 43,957 44,100
1,652
1,899

10,337 10,373 10,387
4,247

4,257

4,271

9,097
1,064
2,023
6,010

9,140
1,070
2,034
6,036

9,177
1,070
2,043
6,064

1,585

1,633

1,905

1,907

10,407 10,444 10,438
4,278

16,169 16,211 16,356

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




292
84

4,292

4,310

16,382 16,439 16,515
9,229 9,292 9,297
1,071 1,070 1,067
2,048 2,050 2,063
6,110 6,172 6,167

291
82
44,070
1,642
1,907
10,428
4,308
16,530
9,255
1,064
2,045
6,146

290
81
44,237
1,651
1,919
10,458
4,319
16,640
9,250
1,064
2,050
6,136

287
80

O
285
80

80
44,346

44,664

44,543
1,689

1,703

1,694
1,922

1,924

1,928
10,429

10,454

10,473
4,330

4,350

4,343
16,691
9,285
1,062
2,042
6,181

16,871

16,774
9,331
1,074
2,055
6,202

9,362
1,076
2,067
6,219

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1989

1990

Industry
Apr.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.1

Apr.p

73,204 73,315 73,555 73,670 73,741 73,837 73,897 74,174 74,224 74,472 74,700 74,716 74,671
18,053 18,058 18,022 18,047

18,071

17,987 17,978

17,975 17,908 17,906 18,041

17,970

17,870

519

521

511

503

525

525

527

530

531

537

540

542

544

4,104

4,111

4,111

4,134

4,145

4,143

4,144

4,169

4,115

4,241

4,284

4,236

4,128

13,426 13,400 13,410

13,401

13,319 13,307

13,276

13,262

13,128 13,217 13,192

13,198

13,430

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,744
642
428
471
603
211
1,080
1,298
1,213
1,297
680
428
284

7,735
641
427
469
601
210
1,079
1,302
1,205
1,297
681
430
284

7,706
638
426
468
602
211
1,074
1,303
1,198
1,284
667
429
284

7,697
636
427
468
601
211
1,073
1,309
1,199
1,270
650
431
283

7,696
633
421
467
600
214
1,069
1,304
1,195
1,291
677
430
286

7,632
629
420
463
593
212
1,062
1,299
1,189
1,262
648
431
284

7,615
633
418
466
590
209
1,061
1,293
1,184
1,255
638
431
284

7,594
633
417
467
586
207
1,056
1,300
1,181
1,243
629
429
282

7,579
632
4--5
465
587
209
1,055
1,299
1,170
1,244
631
427
285

7,456
637
414
467
580
208
1,035
1,300
1,169
1,136
531
429
289

7,564
632
414
467
584
207
1,046
1,299
1,170
1,236
630
428
288

7,559
632
414
464
582
205
1,046
1,292
1,175
1,242
630
427
285

7,551
627
416
460
582
205
1,052
1,290
1,175
1,238
627
429
282

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,686
1,184
40
630
927
524
889
609
105
660
118

5,691
1,184
38
630
925
525
891
614
106
660
118

5,694
1,190
38
630
922
525
892
616
107
656
118

5,713
1,205
39
631
922
528
893
614
107
657
117

5,705
1,197
39
627
922
528
894
617
107
658
116

5,687
1,203
38
623
917
524
892
614
107
653
116

5,692
1,205
38
625
914
526
892
617
107
653
115

5,682
1,200
38
622
913
526
896
617
107
649
114

5,683
1,201
38
621
912
526
900
619
106
647
113

5,672
1,205
39
618
903
526
903
618
106
641
113

5,653
1,200
38
614
895
527
905
617
108
636
113

5,633
1,197
37
610
883
525
904
615
109
640
113

5,647
1,200
35
611
891
528
902
616
109
643
112

Service-producing

55,151 55,257 55,533 55,623 55,670 55,850 55,919 56,199 56,316 56,566 56,659 56,746 56,801

Transportation and public utilities

4,735

4,752

4,763

4,779

4,665

4,758

4,782

4,800

4,880

4,888

4,300

4,905

4,902

Wholesale trade

4,996

5,007

5,016

5,021

5,038

5,037

5,053

5,066

5,071

5,096

5,091

5,096

5,099

17,383 17,490

17,456

17,544 17,501

17,489

17,522

5,041

5,044

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

17,235 17,280
4,902

4,918

17,317 17,338 17,388 17,391
4,933




4,954

4,969

4,972

4,985

4,995

5,016

5,032

23,283 23,300 23,504 23,541 23,625 23,695 23,729 23,858 23,914 24,022 24,135 24,215 24,234

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

66

4,944

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

June

May

Apr.

July

Sept.

Aug.

Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Over 1-month span:
1988
1989
1990

60.7
68.3
58.5

63.5
60.5
57.9

63.0
61.0
P51.6

62.8
58.2
P49.9

61.3
55.6

67.2
59.7

63.6
55.6

58.0
57.4

55.4
47.9

63.9
55.3

68.2
60.9

64.6
51.9

Over 3-month span:
1988
1989
1990

64.8
71.6
58.2

65.6
70.1
P58.6

69.5
64.5
P53.2

70.2
61.9

71.1
61.6

71.9
60.7

71.2
61.6

64.2
53.4

65.3
54.6

70.1
55.7

73.4
57.2

74.6
60.2

Over 6-month span:
1988
1989
1990

69.9
75.1
P56.3

70.2
69.5

71.5
68.2

73.9
66.0

73.9
63.0

69.1
57.9

70.2
57.7

74.6
60.2

73.5
53.4

73.9
58.3

74.5
58.3

75.8
P60.5

76.2
73.2

76.1
73.6

74.8
69.6

74.6
67.6

75.8
66.6

74.9
62.6

78.1
63.6

75.5
63.2

75.5
P60.7

74.8
P58.0

74.9

74.1

Over 12-month span:
1988
1989
1990

Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1988
1989
1990

58.5
62.4
45.4

56.0
53.5
49.3

55.0
53.2
P44.0

59.9
49.6
P46.5

58.5
46.8

61.7
48.6

59.6
49.6

51.1
45.4

49.3
34.8

62.8
52.1

64.9
48.2

58.5

Over 3-month span:
1988
1989
1990

63.1
67.4
42.2

61.0
63.8
P41.1

62.4
55.7
P44.3

64.9
51.8

67.4
49.3

67.0
48.6

64.5
47.9

58.2
34.0

62.1
41.8

66.7
41.5

71.3
46.5

70.9
41.1

Over 6-month span:
1988
1989
1990

66.3
69.5
P37.9

66.3
58.5

67.7
55.7

69.5
52.8

66.7
48.9

64.2
39.0

66.0
40.1

70.9
41.8

68.8
34.4

69.9
37.9

71.6
40.8

74.1
P44.0

73.8
63.1

70.2
63.8

70.9
57.1

71.6
53.5

72.0
49.6

69.9
42.9

70.9
43.3

69.1
42.2

71.6
P37.9

70.2
P36.9

69.9

67.0

Over 12-month span:
1988
1989
1990

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent




indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1985) are subject to revision.

67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

1,582.9
407.0
129.6
168.9
132.5
62.5

1,586.5
412.4
132.6
170.7
133.4
62.0

1,583.4
413.5
133.5
172.5
133.8
64.7

Mar.
1989

01
(1)
()

11.7
5.4

11.7
5.5

11.6
5.5

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1990P

Feb.
1990

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.6

2.6

O
(11)
()

2.6

74.2
22.0
4.8
9.9
7.5
3.2

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

76.4
22.6
4.9
10.1
6.7
3.9

76.6
22.8
5.0
10.6
6.7
4.0

211.3

217.6

221.4

9.7

10.2

10.4

7.1

7.1

8.0

1,464.6
968.1
253.7

1,498.1
988.9
255.0

1,505.4
992.3
256.1

12.1
.9
2.0

12.7
1.0
2.2

12.7
1.0
2.2

85.4
58.4
15.1

80.5
53.8
14.3

81.3
54.3
14.2

878.5
52.3
77.2
241.3
33.5

895.7
54.3
77.8
246.6
33.4

903.7
54.5
78.3
247.4
33.7

4.1

29.0
1.5
2.3
8.8
1.4

29.9
1.5
2.5
9.2
1.4

31.0
1.5
2.5
9.4
1.5

12,441.9
1,188.3
166.6
211.3
4,217.1
110.2
872.5
221.7
673.6
589.9
949.6
946.7
826.2
149.6
130.8
148.6
129.9

12,646.4
1,202.4
168.4
221.5
4,272.5
113.2
898.4
228.0
706.6
609.3
986.9
960.8
826.9
150.5
139.4
150.6
135.1

12,732.6
1,209.9
169.0
224.7
4,298.9
114.7
905.1
230.3
711.1
613.9
994.8
965.4
830.1
151.3
140.1
151.4
135.8

40.8
1.4
13.7
.6
8.9
.1
3.9
2.3
1.4
.6
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.5

41.2
1.4
13.8
.7
9.3
.1
4.2
2.3
1.4
.7
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.7

41.8
1.4
14.1
.7
9.7
.1
4.2
2.4
1.4
.7
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.7

616.2
70.9
10.2
11.7
150.7
7.6
49.5
15.8
61.4
32.7
62.0
32.7
32.4
6.7
8.8
8.3
8.8

634.8
70.2
10.7
13.6
155.5
7.8
52.3
17.1
66.0
35.2
63.0
33.5
32.5
6.9
10.5
8.3
9.8

642.8
70.4
10.7
13.9
156.8
8.1
52.7
17.3
67.2
35.7
63.7
33.8
32.8
7.0
10.5
8.2
10.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,467.6
113.1
810.6

1,477.1
113.7
815.9

1,483.8
115.2
818.1

19.3
(1)
11.6

19.2
(1)
11.5

19.3
(1)
11.4

53.4
3.4
28.9

53.7
3.8
29.3

53.7
3.7
29.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,668.6
198.1
483.4
67.1
258.8
124.2
87.0

1,659.7
195.0
486.0
65.4
255.0
122.5
87.6

1,668.2
195.7
486.5
66.2
254.5
123.1
87.4

1.1

70.6
7.9
18.4
4.5
12.4
4.9
3.9

62.9
7.6
17.9
3.0
10.4
4.5
3.6

64.0
7.7
17.4
3.2
9.9
4.6
3.9

338.4
291.7

343.9
297.4

345.8
298.4

.1
.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

20.2
17.5

18.2
16.8

19.2
17.9

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

676.4
2,203.7

683.5
2,231.0

688.6
2,243.9

.1
1.0

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

13.7
143.2

13.9
138.3

14.0
139.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ..

5,290.2
124.4
511.6
125.5
97.3
411.6
156.9
159.8
880.5
532.9
126.9
113.9
120.4
867.3
360.2

5,447.4
124.1
521.8
133.1
101.6
423.5
158.9
163.6
894.7
553.8
128.7
117.8
124.2
885.3
373.8

5,502.9
125.7
528.1
133.9
101.9
424.2
159.8
164.2
899.5
558.6
129.2
118.2
125.0
890.8
375.0

9.5

342.6
8.1
34.8
13.7
4.4
26.6
9.1
9.4
40.2
37.4
7.8
10.4
5.9
54.5
29.3

338.6
8.0
34.1
13.0
4.4
27.6
8.8
9.1
40.6
37.1
8.3
10.2
5.9
54.0
27.9

340.1
7.9
34.1
12.7
4.4
27.3
8.5
9.2
40.6
37.3
8.3
10.2
6.0
54.4
27.8

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

4.0

4.0
(1)

(1)

1.0
.3

.9
.4
(1)

(1)

(1)

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

O
(2)

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

9.6

9.2
(2)

(2)
.3
(2)
(2)

(2)
.3

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)

()
.9
2

(2)
.9
(2)

()
.4

(2)
(2)

.7
4.0

1.0
2

()

.3

.7
4.0

.6
4.1
2

1.0
.4

1.0

1.2
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)

.4
(2)
(2)

.6
(2)

(1)

.4
(2)
(2)

.7
(2)

.7
(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

382.3
57.7
32.7
25.7
19.0
10.2

375.8
57.0
33.1
26.6
17.8
8.2

371.7
56.4
33.1
26.5
17.8
10.7

80.8
32.3
2.9
10.3
5.2
2.0

79.7
32.2
2.9
9.9
5.2
2.1

79.8
32.4
2.9
10.2
5.2
2.2

346.0
99.6
24.5
45.6
30.4
12.7

345.2
100.8
25.0
46.4
30.4
12.8

344.8
101.2
25.1
46 8
30.7
12.7

13.5

12.1

13.6

16.7

18.1

18.3

41.1

42.3

42.9

188.0
139.2
28.9

187.5
139.4
26.5

187.5
139.3
26.7

75.8
52.7
9.2

78.9
55.5
9.5

80.1
55.7
9.6

366.7
248.5
58.6

376 1
253.9
59.6

376 8
253.8
59.6

229.4
13.0
25.5
33.3
6.5

227.5
13.5
24.2
33.2
6.3

228.0
13.5
24.5
33.2
6.4

53.1
5.0
4.3
16.2
2.7

54.4
4.9
4.4
16.2
2.6

54.6
5.0
4.4
16.2
2.6

198.0
11.8
16.3
58.2
7.3

204.2
12.1
16.4
60.5
7.4

206.6
12.2
16.5
60.5
7.4

2,157.4
258.3
10.6
22.0
900.1
22.1
113.1
30.8
87.3
42.3
134.0
81.8
269.0
22.6
20.5
23.0
12.0

2,132.3
257.4
10.3
23.6
884.5
21.8
115.1
30.6
89.4
43.7
136.2
81.7
265.7
22.4
21.1
23.0
12.4

2,140.0
258.1
10.5
24.0
888.6
22.4
115.6
30.8
88.6
44.3
136.1
82.0
265.3
22.6
21.2
23.2
12.4

595.3
34.3
7.9
11.8
211.9
4.4
57.0
11.6
32.5
26.0
35.5
75.2
21.5
5.3
6.0
8.5
4.4

600.8
35.0
8.1
12.0
214.8
4.7
60.1
11.2
33.1
26.6
35.8
78.3
22.1
5.4
6.4
8.3
4.9

602.8
35.3
8.1
1.2.0
214.6
4.7
60.5
11.3
33.4
26.6
36.2
78.8
22.2
5.4
(5.5
3.4
4.9

2,928.3
298.7
39.2
53.8
952.4
28.5
211.9
55.2
166.1
138.8
229.2
214.1
168.6
34.1
33.3
34.4
31.4

2,979.3
304.7
39.5
56.6
968.8
29.6
217.5
56.7
173.0
142.7
239.8
215.7
168.6
34.2
35.9
35.2
33.3

2,988.5
305.6
39.4
57.4
972.3
29.6
218.1
57.1
173.7
143.0
239.7
215.8
168.5
34.3
36.0
35.1
33.3

Colorado
Boulder— Lonomont
Denver

191.2
30.6
95.3

194.1
30.8
95.3

193.9
30.8
95.5

92.3
2.4
66.7

92.7
2.4
67.8

93.2
2.4
68.1

357.9
23.4
198.2

354.6
23.3
196.3

355.9
23.4
196.8

Connecticut
BridaeDOrt-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven—Meriden
Stamford
Waterburv

365.8
54.1
87.1
20.3
46.6
22.3
23.3

354.7
51.8
86.1
19.3
45.6
19.8
22.9

353.4
51.6
86.2
19.5
45.7
19.7
22.4

72.0
8.5
18.3
3.3
16.8
5.5

70.9
8.7
19.0
3.2
16.0
5.8

71.6
8.6
19.3
3.6
16.1
•5.8

3.5

3.4

3.4

376.3
44.8
104.5
13.7
59.3
29.6
17.5

376.6
44.8
103.0
14.2
57.7
29.8
17.7

378.4
44.7
103.5
14.2
57.2
29.9
17.5

73.0
62.9

71.7
61.1

71.9
61.1

15.1
15.7

14.7
15.9

14.6
15.9

72.2
59.9

73.8
62.4

73.8
62.3

15.8
88.8

16.0
89.1

16.1
89.3

24.6
109.4

24.6
110.8

24.6
110.9

62.4
428.7

62.8
436.2

63.5
437.4

543.9
12.4
46.2
6.2
5.7
37.9
24.1
29.8
93.7
55.9
11.1
8.6
4.8
96.6
34.6

545.8
12.4
46.3
6.3
5.5
38.8
23.6
30.1
91.1
54.3
11.4
8.7
5.0
95.8
35.5

543.5
12.3
46.3
6.3
5.5
38.8
23.7
30.0
91.5
54.4
11.3
8.7
5.0
95.9
34.4

259.2
3.9
23.1
5.1
1.8
28.0
6.7
4.2
64.9
26.8
6.5
3.5
3.0
39.9
13.5

274.6
4.1
23.9
5.6
1.9
28.9
7.1
4.1
71.7
27.8
6.6
3.6
3.0
41.9
14.1

276.8

1,449.1
37.0
152.0
37.8
21.8
110.6
43.8
37.9
241.1
139.4
32.8
35.3
26.0
242.8
97.9

1,480.0
36.6
155.8
40.7
22.1
113.4
44.4
39.2
244.3
146.0
32.6
36.5
27.0
247.2
103.0

1,496.2
37.5
157.2
41.4
22.0
113.3
44.9
39.6
245.3
147.4
32.8
36.7
27.2
248.7
103.6

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

.

Alaska

Phoenix

Arkansas
Favetteville-SDrinadale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
..
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
.
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Dieao
San Francisco
.
San Jose
Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—LomDOC
Santa Rosa—Petaluma
Stockton
Valleio-Fairfield-Naoa

Delaware
Wilmington
District of Columbia
Washinaton MSA
Florida
Davtona Beach
Pnrt i anHprrlalp Hnllvwood—PomDano Beach
Fort Mvers-CaDe Coral
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Mplhourne—Titusville—Palm Bav
Miami—Hialeah
Orlando
Sarasota
Tamoa-St Petersbura Clearwater
Wp<it Palm Beach-Boca Raton Delrav Beach
See footnotes at end of table.

70




J

.

•

4.1

24.2
5.6
1.9
28.7
7.2
4.1
71.7
28.1
6.6
3.6
3.1
42.1
14.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Mar.
1989
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

:

70.9
28.5
3.7
8.0
7.8
2.1

Feb.
1990
71.0
28.5
3.8
7.4
7.8
2.1

Mar.
1990P
70.9
28.5
3.8
7.5
7.8
2.1

Mar.
1989
301.6
97.6
30.9
40.3
28.9
9.3

Feb.
1990
306.0
99.8
31.9
40.7
30.9
9.6

Mar.
1990P
306.7
100.7
32.2
41.4
30.9
9.7

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

315.5
63.8
30.1
29.1
33.7
20.4

320.7
66.0
31.0
29.6
34.6
20.7

321.2
66.1
31.4
29.5
34.7
20.7

Alaska

10.3

10.5

10.6

43.8

46.2

46.5

69.1

71.1

71.1

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

92.3
74.0
11.5

93.6
75.3
11.3

93.9
75.6
11.3

389.4
264.3
72.2

405.8
275.2
74.6

408.1
276.7
74.8

254.9
130.1
56.2

263.0
134.8
57.0

265.0
135.9
57.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

38.0
1.6
2.9
15.7
1.2

38.1
1.5
2.9
15.5
1.2

38.3
1.5
2.9
15.6
1.2

170.6
8.1
16.9
59.8
6.8

178.2
9.1
18.1
62.7
6.8

181.1
9.1
18.2
62.9
6.9

156.4
11.3
8.1
48.9
7.6

159.4
11.7
8.3
49.0
7.7

160.0
11.7
8.3
49.2
7.7

828.7
95.4
6.5
12.1
289.7
5.1
56.8
11.3
28.5
37.8
65.9
109.4
32.0
8.6
7.9
9.4
4.9

849.6
96.2
6.5
12.3
296.7
5.2
57.4
11.5
29.5
38.6
67.7
109.6
32.3
8.7
8.0
9.5
5.0

853.5
96.7
6.6
12.3
298.7
5.2
57.9
11.7
29.7
39.0
68.1
109.8
32.5
8.7
8.0
9.5
5.0

3,254.5
305.5
35.4
49.7
1,173.5
23.2
213.8
52.9
159.8
132.3
252.5
295.8
214.9
41.7
29.6
32.4
28.9

3,333.3
310.5
35.7
53.3
1,206.2
24.3
222.5
55.4
167.5
137.7
267.4
303.3
217.1
42.0
32.3
32.7
30.4

3,365.5
314.3
35.6
53.7
1,216.0
24.5
225.9
55.9
168.9
139.0
271.0
304.6
219.5
42.0
32.6
33.0
30.7

2,020.7
123.8
43.1
49.6
529.9
19.2
166.5
41.8
136.6
179.4
169.7
137.1
87.6
29.2
24.0
32.5
39.0

2,075.1
127.0
43.8
49.4
536.7
19.7
169.3
43.2
146.7
184.1
176.2
138.1
88.4
29.5
24.5
33.5
38.6

2,097.7
128.1
44.0
50.7
542.2
20.1
170.2
43.8
148.2
185.6
179.2
140.0
89.1
29.9
24.6
33.9
38.7

96.4
4.1
63.2

97.0
4.2
63.2

97.2
4.2
63.3

381.1
26.0
216.8

386.6
27.0
221.0

390.0
27.8
222.5

276.0
23.2
129.9

279.2
22.2
131.5

280.6
22.9
131.5

151.0
12.5
73.9
3.6
16.4
13.7
4.4

151.4
12.3
74.7
3.3
16.9
14.2
4.4

152.1
12.3
74.7
3.3
17.1
14.2
4.4

418.9
50.4
114.2
14.7
74.3
37.4
21.8

429.8
49.5
117.9
15.6
76.4
37.4
22.6

433.6
50.4
117.9
15.6
76.2
37.9
22.8

212.8
19.9
67.0
7.0
33.0
10.8
12.6

212.4
20.3
67.4
6.8
32.0
11.0
13.0

214.0
20.4
67.5
6.8
32.3
11.0
13.0

29.6
26.3

30.6
27.3

30.4
27.2

80.4
71.2

84.9
73.8

85.8
73.9

47.8
38.0

49.9
39.9

50.0
39.9

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

33.6
128.7

33.1
130.7

33.4
131.5

250.9
722.6

256.9
733.7

259.5
741.3

275.3
581.3

276.1
591.1

277.4
593.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

369.3
6.0
40.3
9.0
4.5
39.0
8.6
5.8
71.7
33.0
5.3
8.0
5.1
65.4
29.4

375.0
5.8
41.2
9.5
4.5
40.4
9.2
5.7
71.9
33.3
5.3
8.1
5.2
65.7
30.3

376.8
5.8
41.2
9.5
4.5
40.5
9.2
5.7
72.0
33.4
5.3
8.0
5.1
65.9
30.3

1,502.9
36.6
147.3
35.3
24.6
108.0
38.8
49.7
250.5
179.1
32.8
35.2
25.5
258.3
111.0

1,579.9
36.3
152.1
38.4
25.8
110.1
39.7
51.9
252.8
190.9
33.5
37.1
26.1
266.1
116.7

1,606.1
37.0
153.1
38.6
25.8
111.4
40.1
52.1
254.7
193.6
33.8
37.5
26.4
268.7
117.6

814.0
20.4
67.6
18.3
34.4
60.9
21.7
22.9
117.5
61.2
30.2
12.9
49.9
109.2
44.5

843.9
20.9
68.1
19.5
37.3
63.6
22.1
23.4
121.3
64.3
30.6
13.6
51.7
113.9
46.3

853.9
21.1
71.7
19.7
37.7
63.5
22.2
23.4
122.8
64.3
30.7
13.5
51.9
114.4
47.2

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructor

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

2,906.3
47.5
67.3
1,432.7
165.4
92.7
122.9
106.0

2,992.5
48.5
69.5
1,475.7
171.3
93.1
125.3
109.6

3,002.2
48.2
69.2
1,485.1
170.9
92.9
125.9
109.8

Hawaii
Honolulu

501.5
393.2

516.8
405.1

518.1
406.4

()
(2)

Idaho
Boise City

352.4
96.1

373.2
101.9

375.7
103.5

(1)

0)

O

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,138.3
140.0
61.7
88.6
3,129.1
156.7
53.1
101.3
33.5
203.0
143.0
133.2
101.3

5,160.0
140.1
64.1
88.7
3,151.3
159.9
53.1
102.8
34.8
206.2
144.1
134.3
102.2

5,168.8
140.7
64.0
89.5
3,166.1
160.5
53.2
103.0
34.7
207.0
144.5
134.0
102.8

19.4
(1)

18.9
(1)

01
()

V)
O

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,434.6
49.8
53.9
105.9
130.8
197.8
233.2
639.6
45.8
68.1
52.9
116.1
55.5

2,463.7
49.5
56.3
104.6
132.8
200.9
238.6
653.6
46.4
72.0
53.4
120.9
55.9

2,477.1
49.9
56.1
105.7
134.4
202.4
239.4
656.9
46.6
72.0
53.6
121.8
56.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,176.1
92.2
220.2
43.0
54.5
52.7
66.3

1,204.2
94.9
227.7
44.2
55.9
54.7
68.2

1,206.9
93.5
228.8
44.4
56.3
54.3
68.5

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,054.7
35.2
90.4
237.2

1,075.7
36.2
91.1
237.8

1,085.0
36.2
91.3
238.4

1.8

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,408.0
192.5
457.2
35.4

1,447.6
200.8
474.2
36.2

1,451.8
201.4
475.8
36.5

33.9
.2
.6
.5

33.3
.2
.5
.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,513.7
45.6
224.7
53.9
86.5
61.2
54.8
521.7
128.6

1,516.1
44.7
231.1
55.2
87.6
62.7
56.5
528.0
131.0

1,518.2
45.0
231.7
55.5
88.4
63.0
56.6
527.7
130.9

54.1
.1
.8
5.7
11.0
1.0
.4
14.3
2.8

54.7
.1
.8
5.4
11.3
1.1
.5
14.5
3.0

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins

Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

72




Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

8.8

Mar.
1990P

8.8

Mar.
1989

87

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

(2)

(2)

(2)

143.3
2.2
2.6
68.1
13.7
4.7
4.7
7.0

2

2

(2)
(2)

27.5
21.2

30.2
23.3

29.8
22.8

3.8

12.7
4.8

15.4
5.9

15.9
6.1

19.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.1
(1)
1
()
(1)

187.2
7.0
1.4
2.2
115.2
4.3
2.7
6.7
1.3
9.7
5.7
3.8
3.4

189.4
6.7
1.6
2.1
115.1
4.2
2.7
7.5
1.4
9.2
5.5
4.7
3.0

190.0
6.8
1.7
2.2
119.2
4.4
2.7
7.7
1.4
9.6
5.5
4.7
3.1

99.6
1.2
1.8
3.0
6.7
8.4
12.7
31.4
1.0
2.6
1.7
5.2
2.0

105.1
1.5
1.9
3.3
7.2
8.7
15.4
33.5
1.1
2.7
1.6
6.3
2.7

107.0
1.5
2.C
3.3
7.2
9.0
15.0
33.8
1.1
2.7
1.7
6.6
3.1

1.9

31.9
3.1
6.6
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.8

35.8
3.9
8.5
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0

36.8
3.9
8.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9

9.4

1.8

36.5
1.4
3.1
8.5

38.1
1.2
3.8
8.2

39.3
1.2
3.8
8.3

33.*
.2
.5
.4

59.7
10.1
20.5
2.0

63.7
10.6
22.3
2.0

64.8
11.3
22.3
1.9

54.5
.1
.6
5.4
11.2
1.1

79.0
2.5
24.8
1.9
3.2
3.9
2.2
21.5
4.9

80.8
2.1
26.2
1.9
3.0
4.0
2.8
22.0
5.5

80.9
2.1
26.4
1.9
3.2
4.3
2.8
21.9
5.7

(2)

(2)

(2)

.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

.1
1.2
.5
.1
.1

()
(2)
3.3

1.9

(1)

3.7

o1
(1)
()
7.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.9
(1)
(1)
.8

01
()
01
()

2.1

0
01
(1)
(1)
()
01
()
0

01
()
01
()

0)
(11)
(1)
()
0
7.3
(1)

o1
() 2.1

O
(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)

o

.4

.8

.4

1.9

9.3

1.6

.4

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
9.5

O
(1)

2.1

.8

01
(1)
(1)
()

1.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

7.3

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1
1.2
.5
.1
.1

(1)
(1)

a

14.6
2.9

145.7
2.0
2.9
67.5
15.3
4.4
5.2
8.0

144.9
2.0
2.8
67.7
15.0
4.3
5.2
8.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and reta I trade

Transportation and
public utilities>

Manufacturing
State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1990?

185.9

186.0

2.8
1.8

2.8
1.8

116.1
4.5
3.2
5.0
9.3

124.4

124.4

4.5
3.1

5.3
9.7

20.6
15.4

39.3
31.9

61.6
15.6

60.9
15.9

981.4
39.2
6.8
8.3
563.2
32.4
14.2
19.2
5.5
45.8
33.5
48.4
4.2

979.0
39.3
7.9
7.9
553.1
33.3
14.2
18.3
5.5
46.8
33.6
47.7
3.9

980.4
39.0
7.9
7.9
553.4
33.4
14.3
18.3
5.4

7.0
5.1
8.6
2.1

46.9
33.7
47.3
4.1

5.7
7.0
4.6
4.7

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

645.7
17.2
9.7
57.1
31.2
54.4
56.1
108.1
19.4
12.9
11.3
22.9
10.3

631.3
16.6
9.3
52.3
30.5
52.6
56.1
106.7
18.9
12.9
11.3
22.6
10.4

633.8
16.8
9.3
52.6
30.8
52.6
55.7
106.5
19.0
12.8
11.4
22.5
10.5

126.3
1.3
1.6
3.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

230.0
23.5
25.1
12.3

234.1
23.2
25.9
12.5

230.8
21.6
26.1
12.6

4.4

4.5

4.5

10.6
15.4

11.0
15.5

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

184.6

184.5

4.6
9.5

4.6
9.8

63.4

64.7

10.0
64.6

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

281.8
32.6
88.1

283.2
33.6
87.8

6.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

172.8

563.5
7.5
15.5
177.0
38.2
18.9
18.5
17.5

562.9

15.3
175.6
37.4
19.2
18.6
17.2

15.4
178.5
38.2
18.8
18.6
17.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

21.4
16.1

20.7
15.4

Idaho
Boise City

57.8
13.9

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

564.4
7.5

7.5

178.2
2.7

Feb.
1990

4.5
3.0
5.4
9.6

762.7
11.8
15.3
414.3
36.6
21.2
28.5
26.5

41.6
33.7

41.8
33.8

131.5
101.0

134.6
102.9

135.2
103.6

18.4
5.3

19.0
5.6

19.0
5.7

89.8
25.2

96.0
26.3

96.6
26.3

302.9
3.4
2.8
2.3
202.1

305.4
3.4
2.7
2.2
204.1
7.2

305.1
3.4
2.7
2.2
203.7
7.2
5.1
8.7
2.1
5.9
7.1
4.7
4.8

1,263.2
35.8
13.8
19.5
769.9
44.9
11.4
23.5

1,265.1
34.9
14.2
18.9
767.1
46.0
11.4
24.0
9.1
58.6
35.1
30.8
22.7

1,265.4
35.2
14.1
18.8
771.3
46.2
11.4
23.9

576.3
11.7
11.7
18.9
34.1
48.7
55.0
165.9

584.6
11.5
11.9
19.6
35.0
49.1
56.5
171.3
10.2
15.2
12.7
31.5
14.8

588.9
11.5
11.4
19.6
35.1
49.1
57.2
172.2
10.1
15.2
12.8
31.5
14.9
306.6
22.4
59.0
10.2
10.7
13.8
16.6
267.9

5.1
8.7
2.1
6.0
7.0

4.7
4.7
130.2
1.3
1.7

8.2

58.1
34.4
29.8
22.6

6.9

3.6
7.0

13.0
15.7
39.9

13.1
15.0
41.5

130.4
1.3
1.7
3.7
7.0
13.0
14.8
41.7

1.4

1.6
1.8

1.6

9.9

1.7

14.1
12.7
30.6
15.1

1.7
2.7

3.2

5.0
2.9

5.0
2.7

3.2
5.1
2.8

54.8

55.3

55.4

9.0

58.7
35.2
30.8
22.7

5.8

5.8

5.6

12.6

12.4

12.3

296.3
22.0
56.8

10.6
15.7

1.6
1.3
3.2
1.8

1.7
1.5
3.6
1.9

1.7
1.4
3.6
1.9

10.4
13.7
15.7

303.7
22.3
58.4
10.3
10.6
13.9
16.5

185.9

65.4

65.8

66.2

260.8

265.8

4.7

1.0
7.0

1.0
6.8

1.0
6.8

11.2

11.3

11.3

283.5
33.6
88.1

74.8

75.3

74.9

8.7

9.0

8.9

29.1

29.8

29.6

6.3

6.5

2.1

2.2

2.2

9.5

9.7

9.8

172.0

171.9

106.6

105.0

105.5

363.5
10.6
52.9
13.7
23.6
14.5
14.0
134.4
31.6

361.8

361.7
10.1
54.1
14.2
24.2
15.1
14.1
135.6
32.2

3.2

3.5

3.6

2.3

2.3

2.3

21.5

21.6

10.1

10.5

10.6

4.8

4.8
8.2

6.0
6.1
4.2
3.0

6.3
6.3
4.3
2.8

6.4
6.2
4.2
3.0

42.7

43.1

43.3

8.4

8.4

8.4

43.9
17.4

Mar.
1990P

758.5
12.0
15.3
412.8
36.6
21.4
28.4
26.4

4.4
7.6
7.6

Feb.
1990

741.4
12.0
14.6
405.9
35.5
20.6
28.1
25.7

1.8

20.5

11.6

Mar.
1989

7.9
11.8
7.9
42.7
17.7

11.8
7.7

42.5
17.7

9.9

7.6

8.3

8.3

20.4
54.0

19.9
53.2

19.9
53.4

337.6
43.3
114.3

347.9
44.1
119.3

348.2
44.1
119.1

9.9

54.0
14.1
24.0
15.2
14.2
135.9
32.3

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

5.8
7.4
4.9

536.6
13.3
20.6
220.0
35.9
21.0
35.4
16.6

35.6
29.2

35.7
29.2

143.2
107.2

149.8
113.3

147.9
11 1.8

103.7
87.2

104.3
87.3

107.1
89.8

18.9
7.6

19.3
7.6

19.6
7.7

74.2
21.0

77.3
21.8

77.7
22.0

77.3
18.3

80.9
19.1

82.2
19.8

368.5

371.3

371.2

1,264.6
31.2
13.2
17.1
840.4
33.7
11.7
22.5
8.5
43.2
39.1
29.1
25.6

1,281.2
31.6
13.0
17.6
861.9
34.4
11.6
23.3
8.8
44.2
39.4
29.0
26.0

1,282.0
31.7
13.0
17.8
867.0
34.5
11.5
23.4
8.8
44.3
39.5
29.1
26.1

751.1
16.0
13.2
36.2
369.7
26.7
5.7
17.3
6.6
30.6
16.1
12.2
32.9

749.7
16.9
13.7
36.9
378.5
27.1
5.8
17.5
6.7
31.5
16.4
12.1
33.7

755.6
17.3
13.5
37.5
379.6
27.1
5.9
17.5
6.8
31.6
16.4
12.2
33.7

492.0
10.6
14.8
32.2
42.8
53.5
150.1
7.0
12.5
10.9
34.7
12.0

512.0
11.1
10.7
16.4
33.8
46.5
55.0
154.5
7.5
14.1
11.1
36.7
12.1

515.7
11.1
10.6
16.8
34.7
47.6
56.0

1564
77
14.2
11.0
37.1
12.1

367.5
6.1
18.2
6.0
12.4
18.3
32.1
94.6
5.7
21.3
11.9
11.5
10.9

371.2
6.1
18.9
6.3
12.0
17.9
32.3
96.6
5.7
22.2
11.8
12.6
10.6

370.9
6.2
19.1
6.5
12.0
17.9
32.4
96.6
5.8
22.1
11.7
12.7
10.7

273.5
22.6
56.9
13.0

280.2
23.7
57.9
12.9

281.4
23.8
58.5
13.1
9.8
15.1
15.7

220.5
10.6
31.6
3.6
26.0
6.6
13.4

224.0
11.3
32.2
3.8
26.7
6.7
13.8

224.2
11.5
32.0
3.8
26.7
6.8
13.8

5.5

5.4

5.9
7.4
4.8

Honolulu

34.9
28.6

Idaho
Boise City

Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Anderson
Bloominaton
Elkhart-Goshen
Port Wayne
Gary Hammond
IndianaDolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette

.

South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
Iowa
Cedar Raoids
Des Moines
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Ksnsds
LswrGncG
TopGka
Wichita

,

Kentuckv
Lexinoton FavGttG
Owsnsboro

Alexandria
Baton ROUQG

Hnuma- Thibodaux
1 flfaVGttG
Lake Charles
MonroG
N G W Orleans

See footnotes at end of table.

74




.

•

•••-<<

Mar.
1990P

534.5
13.3
20.5
218.0
35.7
21.0
35.3
16.6

6.1
7.1
4.6

••••

Feb.
1990

510.2
13.0
20.1
210.6
35.0
20.6
35.2
16.5

5.5

DavenDort—Rock Island—Moline
Decatur
joliet
Kankakee
Lake County

Mar.
1989

637.0
8.7
11.2
373.1
34.9
113.7
2!5.2
2(5.9

163.4
2.0
2.0
105.9

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
ChamDaian—Urbana—Rantoul

Mar.
19903

633.2
8.8
11.3
369.3
35.0
18.4
25.0
26.6

162.4
2.0
2.0
105.4

.

Feb.
1990

596.9
8.1
10.8
350.1
33.3
18.2
24.1
25.7

163.1
2.1
1.9
104.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon—Warner Robins
Savannah

Mar.
1989

7.4

7.3

7.3

10.5
3.0
266.7
7.7
2.3

11.0
3.1
269.4
7.7
2.3

11.1
3.1
269.8
7.7
2.3

3.5

3.5

3.5

1.3
9.9

1.2
9.9

1.2
10.0

7.2
5.3

7.1
5.3

7.1
5.2

7.9

8.2

8.3

119.7

122.0

122.6

1.6
1.9
2.9
5.3

1.5
2.0
3.1
5.4

1.5
2.0
3.2
5.5

12.3

13.0

13.1

8.2

8.3

8.3

48.8
1.3
3.1
1.6

48.8
1.5
3.1
1.7

48.9
1.5
3.1
1.7

6.1
2.0

6.3
2.1

6.3
2.1

67.2

69.5

69.8

9.2

4.6

4.7

4.7

30.6

32.4

32.6

1.5
1.4
2.5

1.5
1.4
2.6

1.5
1.5
2.6

9.6

9.6

2.8

2.9

2.9

14.4
15.4

15.1
15.6

57.6

58.8

59.0

225.8

234.0

1.4
6.6

1.5
6.7

1.5
6.7

7.1

7.2
21.5
59.0

237.7
7.2
21.6
59.3

214.7
12.1
22.0
28.9

219.2
12.4
22.6
28.8

219.6
12.3
22.5
28.8

10.9

10.8

10.9

21.8
58.7

59.2
9.5
25.9
1.4

60.7
9.3
26.7
1.5

60.9
9.3
26.7
1.5

306.8
45.7
116.9
8.3

322.0
49.4
124.0
8.4

323.7
49.3
125J5
8.5

254.2
42.4
61.8
5.4

261.5
44.6
63.8
5.7

262.4
44.7
64.0
5.7

79.7

77.4

77.8

344.0
11.6
49.0

348.0
11.6
50.5

349.0
11.7
50.3
10.0
19.4
12.7
13.0
149.4
32.4

314.0
12.8
53.5
10.6
12.6
10.5
11.3
86.8
25.9

316.4
12.7
54.5
10.7
12.6
10.5
11.2
87.3
25.5

316.9
12.7
54.8
107
12.8
10.7
11.3
87.1
25.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

13.1

13.1

13.1

2.1
3.3

2.1
3.2

2.1
3.2

3.1
4.2
32.9

3.1
4.2
33.3

3.1
4.2
33.3

6.4

6.2

6.1

9.5

9.9

19.1
12.4
12.1
145.2
31.2

19.3
12.7
12.9
149.2
32.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

526.0
40.6
127.9

529.1
41.1
131.5

529.5
41.1
131.2

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,128.1
1,130.8
471.8
765.4

2,136.4
1,133.9
474.7
772.6

2,150.3
1,140.9
476.7
776.2

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,102.3
1,741.5
73.9
56.1
41.6
164.8
108.6
67.9
41.5
243.6
204.2

3,048.3
1,713.4
72.8
56.1
40.4
161.7
101.7
66.4
42.1
239.2
200.2

3,048.8
1,719.0
73.0
55.9
40.7
162.7
102.1
66.2
42.1
239.3
200.8

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,850.0
171.8
59.5
65.8
1,909.5
164.9
338.9
53.5
110.9
208.2
57.2
155.8

3,846.0
175.4
59.9
65.4
1,901.4
165.4
344.5
53.3
111.6
209.4
57.6
157.8

3,867.9
176.0
60.0
66.0
1,907.8
166.3
346.9
53.7
112.2
215.7
58.1
157.6

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,038.8
92.1
1,325.5
61.8
75.4

2,088.3
95.3
1,352.4
63.9
80.9

2,094.8
95.2
1,357.2
64.3
81.1

909.7
182.9

923.6
186.3

927.8
187.2

2,276.0
766.0
1,155.0
115.1

2,288.8
782.6
1,172.6
118.5

2,305.9
789.7
1,173.0
119.3

Montana

279.4

287.7

290.2

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

696.2
117.7
315.2

713.1
121.3
325.8

717.5
122.7
326.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

562.1
327.4
137.2

602.9
361.3
142.4

609.2
365.3
143.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

526.0
86.3
93.9
110.5

506.0
82.4
89.7
104.5

506.4
83.0
89.4
104.4

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,675.1
161.1
674.0
447.2
248.3
538.1
328.7
967.8
197.7
56.8

3,664.3
163.0
667.7
453.9
248.7
536.7
329.8
974.1
197.9
58.5

3,686.5
168.1
672.2
454.6
250.6
539.5
333.0
977.8
198.8
58.3

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1990?

Feb.
1990

0.1

0.1

1.6
.3
1

()
(1)

(2)

1.5
.6

/2\

(2)

i2\

/2\

/2\

(2)

(2)

/2\

2

(2)
(1)

( )
(1)

1.6
.3

158.2
73.4
19.5
68.9

153.1
74.0
19.5
69.0

157.1
75.3
19.9
70.1

1.3
.7

118.9
60.9
3.1
2.3
1.8
6.7
4.7
2.8
1.9
8.6
8.5

104.9
51.2
2.8
2.1
1.5
5.9
4.0
2.5
1.5
6.8
7.3

103.8
51.4
2.9
2.3
1.4
5.8
4.2
2.6
1.4
6.8
7.3

116.7
4.6
1.7
1.5
56.4
4.8
15.1
1.6
3.8
5.4
2.0
6.9

120.2
4.7
2.0
1.5
53.3
4.9
14.9
1.8
3.7
5.1
2.0
7.7

119.2
4.6
2.0
1.5
52.8
4.9
15.3
1.9
3.8
5.0
2.0
7.4

7.6
5.5

63.6
2.6
43.3
1.9
2.8

66.0
3.1
44.5
1.6
3.5

67.8
3.1
45.7
1.7
3.6

6.2
.6

33.3
7.6

35.0
7.0

35.5
7.2

5.0

88.6
30.3
54.8
4.3

86.6
31.5
57.4
4.1

89.5
32.2
56.8
4.3

6.1

6.8

6.8

7.3

1.4

21.7
3.7
10.5

22.5
4.0
11.3

23.3
4.2
11.3

14.6
.3
1.5

41.5
28.2
6.7

47.1
34.0
6.8

48.4
34.8
7.0

.4

28.3
5.0
3.9
4.6

21.3
3.8
2.6
3.5

21.4
3.9
2.5
3.5

2.4

156.1
9.5
30.8
24.1
6.5
21.6
19.0
36.7
4.8
2.1

145.2
9.3
29.5
23.9
6.3
20.6
17.8
35.7
4.7
2.3

148.3
9.5
30.6
24.4
6.3
21.3
17.8
36.2
4.6
2.4

(2)

.1
.1
.2
10.1
(1)

0
0

28.1
1.9
7.5

1.2
.6
/Z\

V)

27.9
1.9
7.7

0
0

()
(1)

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

10.1

9.9
(1)

(1)
1

( )

( )

1.1

1.1

0
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

1

(1)

01
()
V)
0
V)

01
(1)
()
0

( )

6.9
5.0
(2)
(1)

0

(2)
()
(1)

5.9
.7

6.0

1.3
(1)

(1)

o

(1)

12.5
.2
1.4

14.4
.3
1.5

.4
(1)
(1)

.4
(1)

2.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

0

(1)
(1)
(1)

01
()

0

i1)

0)
(11)
()
5.9

1.3

V)
(1)

(2)
(1)
(1)

4.9
(1)
( )
(1)

0

0

(1)

6.3
.6

4.9
(1)
(1)

1.1

0
0
(11)
()
7.4
5.4

2.4
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

0

(1)

.6

.6
1

.8
(1)

.4

.6
(1)

()
.8

.4

.8

0

Mar.
1990?

29.1
2.0
7.8

1.6
.3
1

Feb.
1990

0.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

/2\

Mar.
1989

.4

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Maine
Lewiston Auburn
Portland

105.5
9.6
16.6

104.6
9.5
17.1

104.2
9.7
16.7

21.8
1.4
5.0

22.0
1.4
5.3

22.0
1.4
5.1

129.7
10.5
38.7

130.8
10.8
39.4

131.3
10.6
39.2

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D C

209.2
130.9
44.5
37.8

204.9
127.7
44.1
38.2

205.0
127.7
44.4
38.0

100.1
55.2
27.8
32.1

100.6
55.9
28.0
31.4

101.0
56.1
28.1
31.5

529.8
273.4
93.4
196.5

534.3
273.6
92.3
198.7

536.0
275.3
92.1
198.9

572.0
261.0
10.2
15.8
12.3
49.3
36.6
18.3
10.6
49.5
44.8

539.5
250.0
9.4
15.5
12.2
45.7
32.2
17.4
10.7
47.0
43.8

537.2
249.6
9.5
14.9
12.2
45.8
31.9
17.2
10.8
46.7
43.8

130.8
75.0
4.7
1.9
1.6
6.8
5.0
2.9
1.2
10.0
9.6

129.6
76.0
4.5
1.9
1.3
6.3
4.7
2.8
1.4
10.0
9.1

130.1
76.4
4.6
1.9
1.4
6,4
4.9
28
14
10,0
9.1

732.2
392.2
23.7
14.9
10.3
36.5
22.9
16.8
9.8
58.4
49.2

727.4
388.2
23.9
14.6
9.9
36.1
21.7
16.3
10.0
59.3
50.1

724.6
388 2
23.6
14.7
10.0
36.4
22.0
16.3
9.9
59.3
50.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand RaDids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing East Lansing
Muskegon
Saainaw Bav Citv Midland

968.9
36.5
16.8
22.0
462.3
53.1
101.8
13.6
30.9
30.8
17.2
44.3

928.1
38.3
16.3
20.7
441.8
51.5
100.7
12.6
29.8
28.2
16.8
43.6

938.8
38.3
16.3
20.8
443.2
52.0
101.5
12.7
30.1
32.5
17.0
43.6

149.8
4.7
1.6
2.4
85.9
4.2
11.2
4.1
3.1
5.4
2.1
6.2

148.4
4.9
1.6
2.5
85.5
4.1
11.3
3.9
3.3
5.7
2.2
6.1

149.3
4.8
1.6
2.5
86.3
4.0
11.4
3.9
3.3
5.7
2.2
6.3

892.6
30.0
11.6
14.0
453.0
40.1
87.7
12.6
24.9
45.5
12.8
36.9

897.8
30.2
12.1
13.9
459.1
40.9
91.0
12.6
25.5
45.3
13.2
37.6

900.6
30.6
11.9
14.4
459 6
40.7
91.6
12.7
25.5
45.9
13.2
37.8

Minnesota
Ouluth
Minneapolis St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

393.9
8.0
263.2
11.4
14.1

393.5
8.2
260.4
11.8
14.8

394.5
8.2
260.9
11.8
14.9

102.6
5.3
72.2
1.8
3.6

107.3
5.7
76.5
1.9
3.8

107.6
5.3
76.7
1.9
3.9

498.4
22.9
321.1
12.6
23.0

507.3
23.7
326.1
12.5
26.1

509.4
23.6
327.0
126
26.0

MississiDDi
Jackson

241.0
20.9

240.6
21.4

240.4
21.5

44.7
13.7

45.7
14.4

46.2
14.4

193.7
43.1

195.7
43.3

197.1
43.2

Missouri
Kansas Citv
St Louis
Springfield

434.5
109.8
220.1
21.0

435.8
109.5
222.4
21.2

432.7
110.7
218.5
20.9

149.2
62.7
76.0
6.9

149.5
64.0
77.4
7.4

149.8
64.3
77.8
7.5

554.4
198.9
282.0
32.6

557.6
205.8
287.1
33.6

562.1
207 3
287.7
33.7

20.9

21.5

21.4

19.6

19.4

19.2

73.1

77.4

78.1

93.6
14.6
35.0

95.8
14.3
36.1

95.6
14.2
35.8

45.0
6.4
23.9

46.7
6.6
25.1

46.8

180.5
26.3
81.3

182.9
27.2
83.5

183.9
27.4
83.4

25.2
9.7
8.5

25.7
10.3
8.5

26.1
10.4
8.5

29.8
17.0
9.6

31.1
18.7
9.1

31.4
18.9

115.0
69.5
31.3

123.0
76.4
32.9

124.2
77.0
33.2

116.3
12.3
34.6
21.5

108.8
11.2
32.8
19.5

108.3
11.2
32.9
19.0

18.3
4.7
3.1
2.6

18.1
5.0
3.1
2.5

18.2
5.C

134.9
23.7
23.5
27.8

128.5
21.8
22.1
25.7

128.3
21.9
21.9
25.8

656.3
8.5
151.9
72.3
42.1
115.2
28.5
176.5
29.2
16.1

640.8
8.6
147.0
70.8
41.5
112.4
27.8
172.7
28.5
16.6

639.8
8.6
147.1
69.7
42.2
112.5
27.9
171.5
28.6
16.2

242.3
6.4
29.6
19.6
33.4
41.8
17.0
80.0
6.7
2.1

241.0
6.4
29.5
20.0
33.5
41.8
17.4
82.3
6.7
2.2

242.5

878.4
31.8
193.5
121.7
61.7
131.5
88.0
196.6
31.5
11.2

873.3
32.3
191.8
124.8
60.4
129.7
88.1
193.6
31.3
10.9

875.3
32.6
192.3
124.7
60.9
130.3
88.7
194.8
31.2
10.9

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

•

Montana
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

-••-

Nevada
p9P0
New Hamoshire
Manchester
Portsmouth Dover Rochester

Atlantic Citv
Bernen Passaic

.......

Middlesex Somerset Hunterdon
Newark
Vinplanri Millville Bridoeton
See footnotes at end of table.

76




•-•

6.6

25.1

9.2

3.C

2.5

6.4

29.4
20.1
33.8
41.9
17.5
82.6
6.7
2.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990*

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

25.1
2.3
11.8

24.9
2.3
11.3

25.0
2.3
11.3

117.8
10.7
31.6

120.7
10.9
34.6

120.7
10.9
34.8

96.9
4.1
16.4

98.1
4.3
16.1

98.1
4.3
16.6

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

129.5
76.2
45.6
44.7

131.4
76.4
45.6
46.2

131.6
76.7
45.5
45.9

584.4
310.2
148.8
223.5

592.1
313.7
151.9
225.0

596.7
316.0
153.4
227.0

415.3
211.2
92.2
161.9

418.4
212.3
93.3
164.1

421.3
213.5
93.3
164.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

216.6
147.8
3.5
3.4
1.6
6.3
3.8
2.5
1.9
15.7
14.0

216.7
147.0
3.6
3.5
1.5
6.3
3.6
2.5
2.0
15.2
13.5

217.3
147.2
3.6
3.5
1.5
6.3
3.5
2.4
2.0
15.2
13.6

918.4
596.3
16.6
10.8
9.0
36.6
21.9
14.5
11.2
61.6
52.7

923.1
596.3
16.1
11.3
9.1
38.5
22.1
15.0
11.8
61.2
51.6

927.7
601.2
16.3
11.3
9.2
39.1
22.3
14.9
11.8
61.5
51.9

411.9
207.7
12.1
7.0
5.0
22.6
13.7
10.1
4.8
39.7
25.2

405.9
204.1
12.5
7.2
4.9
22.9
13.4
9.9
4.7
39.6
24.6

406.8
204.3
12.5
7.3
5.0
22.9
13.3
10.0
4.8
39.7
24.5

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

165.9
4.7
3.2
2.6
109.7
5.8
15.4
1.7
5.0
12.4
1.4
6.2

189.9
4.7
3.3
2.7
112.2
5.9
15.7
1.7
5.2
12.4
1.5
5.9

190.7
4.7
3.3
2.7
112.4
6.0
15.8
1.7
5.2
12.6
1.5
5.9

882.9
35.9
12.7
14.4
495.0
32.8
73.4
10.0
24.7
40.5
11.9
33.9

898.7
36.5
13.0
15.4
503.5
34.3
75.7
10.2
25.1
40.8
12.0
35.7

905.5
36.9
13.1
15.2
506.6
34.7
75.8
10.3
25.3
42.0
12.1
35.9

643.2
55.3
11.8
8.8
246.1
24.2
34.3
9.9
18.6
68.3
9.7
21.4

653.0
56.1
11.7
8.8
244.8
23.8
35.1
10.5
19.0
71.9
10.0
21.1

653.8
56.1
11.8
8.9
245.7
24.0
35.6
10.5
19.0
72.0
10.1
21.1

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

118.8
3.0
92.6
1.5
2.3

121.3
3.3
93.4
1.6
2.4

121.6
3.2
93.6
1.7
2.4

520.2
23.0
349.9
26.1
15.6

544.3
23.7
363.9
27.9
16.0

548.3
23.7
366.7
28.0
16.1

334.4
22.3
182.7
6.5
14.0

341.2
22.2
187.1
6.6
14.3

338.0
22.1
186.1
6.6
14.2

38.5
14.6

38.5
14.6

38.5
14.6

150.0
40.9

155.1
42.3

156.7
42.6

202.6
41.5

206.7
42.8

207.1
43.0

134.3
58.6
74.2
5.3

133.5
59.3
73.7
5.6

134.2
59.3
73.8
5.6

544.9
186.2
303.3
30.0

547.5
191.3
308.4
31.1

557.2
193.9
311.7
31.5

365.2
119.4
144.5
15.0

373.4
121.2
146.2
15.5

375.4
122.0
146.7
15.8

Montana

12.9

13.2

13.5

69.3

73.4

73.5

70.8

70.1

71.1

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

47.8
8.5
28.3

48.4
8.4
29.3

48.4
8.5
29.3

165.6
26.9
89.4

170.6
28.3
92.5

172.0
28.9
93.4

140.7
31.3
46.8

144.9
32.5
48.0

146.1
32.9
48.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.0
16.0
6.4

26.3
16.7
6.8

26.5
16.8
6.9

241.7
150.4
55.6

260.6
166.6
58.5

262.7
168.3
59.0

71.4
36.4
17.7

74.7
38.3
18.3

75.3
38.8
18.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

32.1
8.4
3.4
7.1

31.9
8.7
3.1
7.1

32.0
9.0
3.0
7.1

123.0
23.4
17.7
20.9

124.2
23.0
17.9
21.0

123.8
23.1
18.1
20.9

72.7
8.8
7.7
26.0

72.8
8.9
8.1
25.2

74.0
8.9
8.0
25.6

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

240.5
6.7
38.9
24.6
16.4
38.7
19.3
79.5
10.4
3.6

240.1
6.8
38.9
24.8
16.0
38.3
19.7
79.6
10.4
3.9

240.4
6.7
38.9
24.7
16.1
37.8
19.7
80.0
10.5
3.9

934.3
72.2
160.4
110.0
48.6
114.1
93.0
257.7
58.6
9.7

952.1
73.3
161.4
113.3
50.6
116.8
94.4
266.8
59.6
10.4

966.0
78.0
163.7
114.6
50.9
117.9
96.2
268.8
59.9
10.4

564.7
26.0
68.9
74.9
39.6
74.6
63.9
140.0
56.5
11.6

569.4
26.3
69.6
76.3
40.4
76.5
64.6
142.6
56.7
11.8

571.8
26.3
70.2
76.4
40.4
77.2
65.2
143.1
57.3
11.9

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Constructor

Mining

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

555.0
240.2
42.5
55.4

561.7
240.8
44.1
56.8

565.6
242.4
44.4
57.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,195.5
421.8
120.9
452.4
41.0

8,210.5
427.8
119.4
458.2
41.5

8,261.1
430.5
119.8
461.9
41.6

1,134.2
4,132.8
3,608.9
82.0
106.2
120.0
483.6
100.8
305.9
124.5
404.4

1,127.9
4,128.3
3,601.1
84.0
106.8
120.3
483.5
101.1
311.3
126.5
407.6

1,137.9
4,154.4
3,623.0
84.3
107.1
120.4
484.6
101.8
312.1
126.7
410.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,034.2
82.6
609.6
487.8
415.2

3,087.0
86.5
625.1
486.3
427.9

3,094.6
87.2
628.2
486.7
428.8

253.8
37.9
73.5
30.8

258.4
38.6
75.5
31.7

259.9
39.1
75.9
31.8

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,746.9
278.8
162.2
713.1
920.7
692.8
446.3
290.7
195.6

4,790.2
282.7
162.7
727.9
928.4
701.8
447.1
289.9
196.2

4,834.1
285.4
163.1
735.4
936.1
708.5
451.8
292.3
198.3

17.7
.5
.7
.4
.8
.8
.4
.2
.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,151.3
21.3
33.9
420.4
300.7

1,156.6
21.4
34.5
427.1
309.1

1,165.8
21.6
34.9
430.4
311.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,176.4
112.7
602.3
100.8

1,210.0
116.6
620.6
102.7

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,072.9
280.3
51.1
48.9
116.4
305.8
79.0
186.7
2,192.0
764.6
883.2

5,081.1
280.4
51.8
48.8
117.1
310.2
80.1
186.9
2,182.6
764.5
895.2

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

See footnotes at end of table.

78




Mar.
1990P

Feb.
1990

13.9
(2)

14.5
(2)

?

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

14.6

29.6
13.4
2.4
2.6

27.0
12.4
2.2
2.5

27.8
12.6
2.4
2.5

5.2!
.5

308.0
17.9
4.6
15.5
1.5

295.3
17.7
4.6
14.2
1.4

300.8
18.3
4.7
14.7
1.4

55.8
146.4
116.7
3.0
4.8
6.1
16.2
4.9
13.5
3.1
22.8

51.2
141.2
112.4
3.0
4.4
5.8
17.2
4.5
14.6
3.0
22.3

53.5
144.3
114.2
3.0
4.4
5.9
17.2
4.7
14.8
3.1
23.3

4.9

156.5
4.3
35.4
24.0
21.0

159.0
4.4
35.9
24.3
21.2

159.8
4.4
36.1
24.5
21.5

3.7

7.1
1.3
2.6
1.0

7.2
1.3
3.0
1.0

7.5
1.4
3.0
1.0

17.3
.6
.7
.4
.9
.8
.4
.2
.5

17.4
.6
.7
.4
.9
.8
.4
.2
.5

169.0
8.6
6.2
31.7
28.7
27.2
16.5
10.6
6.6

166.2
8.4
5.9
31.1
28.3
25.8
15.3
10.2
6.3

174.7
8.6
6.3
32.8
29.3
26.9
16.2
10.7
6.6

42.5
.9
.2
11.0
12.2

43.8
.9
.3
10.7
12.2

43.4
.9
.2
10.8
12.3

33.4
.6
1.0
10.9
10.0

34.7
.6
.8
11.7
10.9

35.2
.6
.9
12.0
11.0

1,225.0
117.7
626.3
103.7

1.2
.2
.4
.1

1.2
.2
.4
.1

1.3
.2
.4
.1

40.8
3.5
23.5
3.5

41.3
3.5
24.1
3.8

45.6
3.7
26.2
3.8

5,106.4
281.2
51.9
49.0
118.3
312.4
80.2
188.6
2,187.0
763.0
902.0

27.2
.6

26.9
.5

27.2
.5
()
1
()
(1)
.4
2.6
.4
1.0
1
()
4.5

211.8
12.9
2.3
2.3
3.0
12.6
2.3
11.3
99.2
16.4
37.0

212.0
12.3
2.2
2.2
3.2
13.4
2.4
11.4
93.0
16.0
36.4

216.8
12.4
2.2
2.3
3.5
13.5
2.4
11.5
94.4
15.9
36.6

(

5.2
.4
(1)
(1)

V)
01
()

.4

0

5.0
.4

(1)

9
{!)
0

.6

(1)
(1)
(1)

.3

01
()

.6

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0
0
3.6

0
(1)

0
(1)
0

.4
2.6
.4
1.1
4.6

.6

01
()

(1)
(1)

01
(1)
()

3.7
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

0

(1)

01
(1)
()

0

.3

(1)
(1)

4.9

4.9
(1)

{!0)J
(1)
(1)
(1)

01
()
01
()

0

0

0
(1)
0

(1)

0)

(2)

1

.4
2.6
.4
1.0
4.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

41.1
20.9
3.5
1.7

42.1
20.9
3.5
1.7

42.2
21.0
3.5
1.7

29.0
12.6
1.5
.9

28.9
12.6
1.6
1.0

28.7
12.6
1.6
1.0

131.0
60.2
8.7
10.5

131.8
59.7
9.0
10.4

132.9
60.2
9.0
10.7

1,197.7
47.2
37.0
77.3
9.1

1,166.0
46.4
34.6
76.8
8.7

1,169.6
46.7
34.7
76.8
8.6

413.7
17.0
4.3
21.5
1.5

419.2
17.4
4.5
21.9
1.4

420.9
17.2
4.5
21.8
1.4

1,704.1
90.0
25.1
113.5
10.5

1,702.1
92.2
25.1
116.1
10.5

1,710.5
92.5
25.1
117.1
10.6

165.1
439.0
363.7
23.9
14.8
30.0
138.9
15.0
53.2
24.7
58.2

157.8
427.8
351.4
24.0
13.2
30.2
132.1
14.7
52.1
23.7
59.7

157.7
430.8
354.7
24.0
13.1
30.1
131.6
14.6
52.4
23.7
59.5

49.4
244.1
218.7
3.6
6.3
3.6
14.9
4.7
18.5
4.3
20.1

50.7
245.0
219.6
3.7
6.8
3.8
15.3
5.2
19.2
4.4
19.5

51.1
245.9
220.4
3.8
6.8
3.8
15.4
5.2
19.1
4.4
19.6

298.0
749.5
628.6
19.4
29.1
21.9
101.9
23.0
73.2
27.0
93.4

293.8
743.8
623.0
20.2
29.2
21.8
104.2
23.2
74.8
27.5
93.4

295.9
746.1
624.7
20.2
29.5
21.8
106.1
23.3
75.1
27.5
93.8

867.7
19.6
154.3
152.6
61.7

860.7
20.1
154.1
148.1
63.6

857.9
20.2
153.5
147.5
63.3

150.0
4.1
49.2
26.9
19.5

152.9
4.3
50.1
26.1
21.2

153.8
4.3
50.1
26.1
21.2

695.2
19.7
151.0
111.3
88.2

720.0
21.6
155.5
111.7
91.3

719.7
21.7
156.0
111.6
91.2

16.2
2.0
5.0
1.7

16.9
2.2
5.3
1.6

17.2
2.2
5.6
1.6

16.7
2.7
4.7
1.6

17.0
2.9
4.6
1.7

17.0
2.9
4.6
1.7

66.9
10.0
21.0
8.6

67.8
10.1
21.0
9.1

68.3
10.2
21.2
9.3

1,122.6
67.5
46.2
144.8
206.9
104.0
105.6
62.7
50.8

1,113.8
67.3
45.4
149.1
206.6
104.2
103.3
59.2
49.2

1,115.1
67.8
44.9
148.4
206.2
104.1
104.2
58.9
49.4

211.1
12.9
5.6
38.3
40.6
30.1
17.2
13.7
7.6

213.7
13.2
5.5
40.1
41.5
30.8
17.9
14.1
7.6

215.1
13.2
5.5
40.3
42.1
31.0
18.0
14.2
7.6

1,138.2
69.5
40.5
185.0
220.3
176.7
98.8
72.1
51.1

1,163.7
70.3
40.7
191.4
223.9
180.1
99.6
73.4
52.8

1,174.3
70.9
40.9
193.9
225.6
182.1
100.7
74.3
53.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

162.0
1.6
3.3
48.7
52.5

164.1
1.5
3.4
49.1
53.2

165.8
1.5
3.4
48.9
53.7

64.5
2.2
1.9
20.6
23.7

65.7
2.2
1.7
20.6
24.3

65.6
2.2
1.7
20.9
24.5

272.7
6.1
8.2
102.1
71.4

274.6
6.2
8.5
102.5
73.4

277.5
6.2
8.6
103.3
73.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

208.5
20.9
99.6
13.4

212.7
20.3
101.0
13.7

214.0
20.6
101.6
13.9

61.1
4.2
36.4
2.8

64.0
4.4
37.8
2.8

64.0
4.5
37.6
2.8

295.9
28.0
157.8
22.6

308.7
29.5
164.3
23.1

312.4
29.4
165.6
23.3

1,051.6
76.2
10.3
9.2
36.0
51.5
14.3
59.0
366.7
88.1
123.1

1,031.3
74.8
10.2
8.9
36.3
50.8
14.6
58.3
359.5
85.4
122.4

1,028.9
74.8
10.2
8.9
36.4
50.0
14.5
58.2
358.6
84.6
122.8

254.2
14.3
4.5
5.1
4.4
19.3
5.2
7.6
101.2
42.3
48.0

252.2
13.8
4.5
5.1
4.3
18.9
5.1
7.3
98.9
41.3
48.8

253.1
13.7
4.5
5.1
4.4
19.1
5.1
7.3
99.0
41.0
49.3

1,161.5
61.9
13.7
11.3
25.0
70.5
17.0
45.5
511.0
145.7
221.9

1,160.1
62.4
14.0
11.4
25.0
71.4
17.0
45.6
507.1
146.2
222.8

1,166.6
62.4
14.1
11.5
25.1
71.9
17.1
46.3
508.0
145.8
224.1

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

26.0
14.2
1.6
2.1

26.6
14.2
1.7
2.0

26.6
14.2
1.7
2.1

137.5
70.1
7.5
14.8

139.6
71.1
7.8
15.2

140.8
71.5
7.9
15.3

146.9
48.6
17.2
22.7

151.2
49.8
18.2
23.9

152.0
50.2
18.2
24.0

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

790.0
24.3
4.1
27.7
1.4

787.4
24.8
4.1
28.3
1.4

787.2
24.9
4.1
28.4
1.4

2,313.5
111.5
24.0
120.8
10.3

2,364.7
113.8
24.5
124.9
10.8

2,384.9
114.6
24.6
126.2
108

1,463.3
113.5
21.8
76.1
6.8

1,470.9
115.1
22.0
76.0
7.3

1,482.0
116.0
22.1
76.8
7.4

82.1
566.9
531.1
2.0
4.6
4.8
22.4
5.3
19.7
7.1
29.9

83.3
561.9
525.5
2.0
4.8
4.9
22.9
5.3
19.9
7.5
30.3

83.7
560.2
523.8
2.0
4.8
4.8
23.0
5.4
19.9
7.5
30.3

296.7
1,298.5
1,144.4
17.0
23.0
28.7
120.3
26.5
75.0
27.0
122.4

301.9
1,320.9
1,164.9
17.8
23.7
28.6
123.0
26.8
77.3
28.1
124.1

306 2
1,331 2
1,172.8
18.0
23.8
28.6
122.9
27.0
77.4
28.2
126.3

187.2
688.4
605.3
13.1
23.5
24.8
68.4
21.5
52.8
31.4
57.6

189.3
687.7
604.0
13.3
24.8
25.1
68.1
21.4
53.4
32.3
58.2

189.8
695.9
612.0
13.3
24.7
25.3
67.8
21.6
53.4
32.3
58.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

130.3
2.8
37.7
23.5
23.4

131.5
2.9
38.4
23.5
23.8

132.1
2.9
38.4
23.5
23.9

547.2
19.5
113.7
94.9
106.3

570.8
20.2
118.5
97.0
110.8

576.6
20.3
121.1
97.7
111.5

482.4
12.6
68.3
54.6
95.1

487.2
13.0
72.6
55.6
96.0

489.8
13.4
73.0
55.8
96.2

12.1
1.5
4.4
1.1

12.4
1.5
4.5
1.2

12.4
1.5
4.5
1.2

64.7
11.5
20.7
7.0

66.8
11.7
21.7
7.0

67.3
11.9
21.3
7.0

66.5
8.9
15.1
9.8

66.6
8.9
15.4
10.1

66.5
9.0
15.2
10.0

249.8
10.2
6.8
42.2
56.5
59.6
17.7
12.0
8.4

253.8
10.4
6.7
42.4
57.0
60.1
17.7
11.9
8.7

255.1
10.5
6.8
42.5
57.3
60.4
17.6
11.9
8.7

1,118.2
63.2
37.1
179.1
247.9
167.6
114.5
74.2
45.4

1,133.2
66.1
38.1
180.7
250.2
172.2
114.8
75.3
46.2

1,148.2
66.9
38.3
183.9
253.6
174.5
116.0
76.3
46.7

720.3
46.3
19.1
91.8
119.0
126.9
75.6
45.3
25.2

728.6
46.4
19.8
92.8
120.0
127.9
78.2
45.4
25.1

734.2
46.8
19.8
93.2
121.0
128.8
78.6
45.7
25.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

58.6
1.0
1.6
24.5
16.5

55.8
.9
1.7
24.4
17.4

55.9
.9
1.7
24.1
17.5

255.7
5.2
6.1
102.1
77.1

259.5
5.3
6.0
105.1
80.9

263.4
5.4
6.2
106.^
81.7

261.9
3.7
11.6
100.5
37.3

258.4
3.8
12.1
103.0
36.8

259.0
3.9
12.2
104.0
36.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

74.3
5.4
48.7
5.3

75.3
5.7
49.7
5.3

75.5
5.8
49.8
5.4

275.7
26.5
153.6
21.6

284.0
28.2
158.4
22.1

288.0
28.7
159.6
22.4

218.9
24.0
82.3
31.5

222.8
24.8
84.9
31.8

224.2
24.8
855
32.0

293.5
14.3
1.8
1.6
5.4
19.3
4.4
7.1
160.1
70.0
52.8

295.2
14.5
1.9
1.6
5.5
21.1
4.4
7.3
158.5
69.0
54.7

295.5
14.4
1.9
1.6
5.5
21.3
4.4
7.3
158.5
69.0
54.9

1,364.3
69.2
11.3
11.3
27.9
65.6
20.5
38.9
647.3
260.1
287.9

1,387.2
70.3
11.7
11.5
28.7
67.0
21.3
39.9
657.0
263.7
296.4

1,399.2
71.1
11.7
11.6
29.0
68.1
21.3
40.7
659.1
263.9
299.1

708.8
30.9
7.2
8.1
14.7
66.6
12.7
16.9
305.4
142.0
107.9

716.2
31.8
7.3
8.1
14.1
67.2
12.7
16.7
307.6
142.9
109.3

719.1
31.9
7.3
8.0
14.4
68.1
12.8
16.9
308.4
142.8
110.7

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

80




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

152.5
301.7
42.9
58.2
51.2
179.2

154.6
304.2
43.0
60.3
51.8
180.1

155.2
305.9
43.0
60.5
52.1
179.8

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

457.3
132.0
323.7

454.0
132.0
328.5

455.5
132.4
329.8

1,479.4
195.7
239.2
329.0

1,522.6
201.2
241.8
337.4

1,532.3
202.5
242.9
339.0

265.9
34.1
68.7

271.0
35.7
70.9

272.2
36.1
71.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,118.5
194.7
166.6
257.8
457.5
494.7

2,153.0
196.0
170.1
259.6
461.1
493.6

2,161.5
196.6
170.5
261.1
463.2
494.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,769.7
48.3
76.4
361.0
134.6
61.6
72.8
51.9
126.8
1,337.3
198.9
554.2
74.1
1,483.0
71.7
41.5
66.5
93.7
99.2
44.7
42.4
37.2
512.3
36.8
45.6
61.2
27.4
80.1
49.5

6,880.4
48.7
75.3
367.8
136.4
63.3
75.4
53.5
129,2
1,353.4
207.0
571.6
73.7
1,526.1
73.6
43.5
68.6
95.7
98.0
44.8
42.6
35.9
512.7
37.1
46.8
62.1
27.8
82.2
50.8

6,895.8
48.9
75.4
367.8
137.3
63.7
76.2
54.0
129.5
1,355.0
206.6
572.1
74.5
1,533.3
73.8
43.6
68.7
95.7
98.6
44.6
42.5
36.2
513.8
36.7
47.1
62.1
27.9
82.0
50.8

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1990?

Feb.
1990
(1)

(1)

(1)

0

()

(1)

.4

0

0.6

0.6

0.5
1

Mar.
1989

.3
(1)

.3
(1)

Feb.
1990

6.6

6.6

12.5

12.4

Mar.
1990P

7.1
13.0

1.2
2.4
2.2
9.9

2.3

1.3
2.9
2.4

10.3

10.4

17.5

17.8

1.2

2.7

.5

.4

.4

.1
.2
.1

.1
.2
.1

.1
.2
.1

18.2
4.7

4.4

4.5

13.2

13.9

14.2

1.8

89.3
13.1
14.4
22.7

98.8
14.6
14.2
23.0

100.0
14.9
14.5
23.2

2.6
.3

7.5

7.8
1.5
2.5

8.1
1.6

6.3
.8

90.3
7.6
7.2
13.5
18.8
24.1

91.7

94.2

7.9
7.5

7.9

14.4
19.0
24.0

7.7
14.6
19.0
23.8

1.8

1.9
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

( )

0

0

0
2.6
.2
1

2.6
.3
1

()

1

()

()
6.2
.7

6.2
.7
(1)

(1)

(1)
1.9

1.8

(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

1.9
(1)

1.5
2.3

2.5

174.2

175.2

175.3

312.9

314.3

313.5

1.5
1.4
.6
1.5
2.1

1.4
1.1
.6
1.6
2.0

1.4
1.1
.6
1.6
2.0

1.5
3.4

1.4
3.2

1.4
3.1

11.6
10.2

10.7
10.1

10.7
10.3

8.5
2.1
1.4

8.6
2.1
1.6

10.5
43.9

10.6
43.6

.5
3.7

.5
3.5

.5
3.5

8.2
2.0
1.7
8.1

17.7

17.1

17.2

46.7
7.8

8.3

8.3

4.0
.5

20.3

21.2

20.7

6.1

6.3

6.7

67.6

92.1

98.3

98.2

3.4
1.2
3.0
3.1
4.2
1.3
2.0
1.3

3.1
1.2
3.5
2.8
4.2
1.4
2.0
1.1

3.0
1.2
3.5
2.9
4.4
1.3
2.0
1.1

21.9

20.8

20.2

1.6
1.5
1.6
1.4
3.0
1.6

1.8
1.4
1.6
1.7
2.9
1.5

1.7
1.4
1.6
1.7
2.8
1.6

(1)

(1)

(1)

1

(1)

(1)

()

4.0
.6

3.7
.5

67.5

65.6
(1)

(1)
1.6
3.3
.3
.9
9.0
5.0
.5
2.1
(1)

.1
1.7
1.3

0

(1)

1.6
3.4
.3
.9
8.5
5.1
.6
2.2

0

(1)

.1
1.7
1.3

.1
1.7
1.3
(1)

(1)
1.5

1.6
3.4
.3
.9
8.5
5.1
.6
2.2

1.4

1.4

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

ManufacturingJ
State and area
Mar.
1989
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990^

48.4
71.5
11.5
8.2
16.1
61.7

47.2
70.0
11.3
8.1
16.0
59.2

46.7
70.5
11.3
8.3
15.8
58.9

6.6
15.9
1.8
1.5
1.7
7.5

6.7
16.2
1.9
1.6
1.8
7.4

6.7
16.3
1.9
1.6
1.8
7.4

33.5
71.1
10.4
11.3
11.4
42.9

34.4
72.4
10.4
11.4
11.8
44.1

34.6
72.5
10.3
11.5
11.9
44.4

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro ..
Providence

110.4
50.0
70.3

106.9
49.2
69.6

106.6
49.0
69.4

15.1
3.9
11.4

15.0
3.8
11.4

15.1
3.9
11.3

105.3
33.9
71.8

104.8
34.2
72.7

105.7
34.6
73.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

389.4
21.0
28.9
104.6

389.9
20.9
28.8
102.3

388.7
20.8
28.7
101.8

62.8
10.1
10.9
12.8

64.3
10.8
10.7
13.1

64.4
10.7
10.8
13.3

327.5
47.9
53.3
75.9

337.3
49.8
53.9
78.4

340.8
50.3
54.3
79.0

31.4
3.4
8.3

31.6
3.7
8.4

31.6
3.7
8.5

13.2
1.9
5.1

13.1
2.0
5.2

13.1
1.9
5.2

69.0
9.7
19.1

71.1
10.2
19.8

71.7
10.4
19.8

519.5
47.5
53.3
52.1
61.8
90.4

523.4
47.0
54.1
51.3
61.3
89.9

523.0
46.8
54.3
50.6
61.7
90.3

114.4
8.2
6.1
10.5
46.1
27.0

113.8
7.7
6.2
10.5
46.9
26.8

113.8
7.7
6.2
10.4
46.9
26.9

497.2
46.7
37.7
66.4
122.4
120.7

500.9
45.1
38.1
66.0
124.2
116.7

502.9
45.2
38.0
66.6
124.6
116.9

967.1
4.8
8.8
42.7
24.8
15.8
10.4
3.4
11.7
223.2
40.3
118.6
8.7
161.1
8.5
1.7
15.9
7.1
13.3
2.3
4.0
5.5
48.2
10.8
7.2
11.0
3.3
15.1
8.1

965.4
5.0
9.0
45.4
24.6
16.1
11.0
3.7
11.6
222.1
40.3
120.5
8.9
163.0
8.6
1.8
16.5
7.4
12.5
2.6
4.1
5.0
47.7
10.9
7.1
10.9
3.0
16.1
8.5

964.3
5.0
9.0
45.2
24.8
16.2
11.0
3.7
11.7
221.0
40.0
121.0
8.9
163.2
8.7
1.8
16.3
7.3
12.2
2.3
4.1
5.1
47.5
10.8
7.1
10.9
3.1
16.2
8.3

396.7
2.5
5.5
11.0
9.4
2.5
3.0
1.3
6.8
76.2
10.7
51.0
5.0
103.9
2.6
5.5
3.3
4.9
3.0
2.3
1.9
3.0
19.5
1.7
2.2
2.5
1.3
3.4
2.5

408.5
2.6
5.6
11.3
9.4
2.5
3.1
1.4
6.7
79.6
10.3
54.2
4.7
106.5
2.7
6.1
3.5
5.7
3.0
2.3
1.9
2.6
19.5
1.4
2.4
2.8
1.2
3.5
2.6

408.8
2.6
5.5
11.2
9.5
2.6
3.1
1.4
6.7
79.7
10.4
54.2
4.9
106.3
2.6
6.2
3.4
5.7
3.0
2.3
1.8
2.6
19.6
1.4
2.4
2.8
1.2
3.5
2.6

1,665.2
13.1
22.1
77.3
31.5
11.2
19.6
11.5
31.8
342.5
49.3
141.5
13.7
361.5
16.3
13.3
16.8
27.0
31.8
10.6
12.5
9.1
129.2
7.8
10.4
16.1
7.5
18.3
11.3

1,679.5
13.1
21.0
77.5
32.1
11.6
20.4
11.5
31.8
351.7
52.0
143.8
13.6
364.0
16.2
13.9
16.8
27.3
30.7
10.9
12.4
8.8
128.0
8.0
10.5
16.3
7.5
18.4
11.8

1,684.0
13.2
21.1
77.2
32.2
11.6
20.6
11.5
31.9
353.3
51.9
144.0
13.8
366.7
16.4
13.9
17.0
27.0
30.8
10.9
12.5
8.8
128.7
7.9
10.7
16.3
7.6
18.3
11.9

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City ...
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

82




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

8.5
12.9
1.3
1.7
2.3
4.9

9.0
13.4
1.3
1.8
2.3
5.1

9.0
13.3
1.4
1.8
2.4
5.1

31.3
75.1
11.7
10.2
10.4
33.2

32.3
76.6
11.7
10.8
10.5
34.5

32.5
76.9
11.7
10.7
10.7
34.2

17.6
42.2
5.0
22.5
7.1
18.6

18.4
42.6
5.2
23.6
7.1
19.1

18.6
42.8
5.1
23.4
7.1
19.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

26.6
3.8
22.3

26.6
4.0
21.3

26.7
4.0
21.7

122.1
25.3
89.6

123.5
26.1
94.0

12- •>
26.1
94.7

59.5
10.2
45.0

59.6
10.1
45.5

59.3
10.1
45.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

66.4
8.9
17.7
12.1

69.0
8.5
18.4
12.2

69.7
8.6
18.4
12.3

268.0
41.1
47.1
59.9

278.2
42.9
47.6
64.9

282.6
43.3
47.8
66.1

274.1
53.6
66.9
41.0

283.3
53.7
68.2
43.5

284.3
53.9
68.4
43.3

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

15.2
1.6
7.0

16.1
1.5
7.6

16.2
1.6
7.7

64.8
8.8
19.2

66.4
9.2
19.4

66.4
9.3
19.7

62.1
7.0
7.6

62.3
7.3
8.0

62.5
7.3
8.0

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

103.1
12.4
5.4
10.1
25.4
32.7

102.9
12.9
5.3
9.7
26.0
32.3

103.2
13.0
5.3
9.7
26.2
32.4

454.0
37.9
32.1
53.3
106.7
129.9

469.5
40.7
32.3
54.6
107.8
134.1

473.0
40.9
32.3
56.0
109.0
134.0

333.9
33.7
24.8
50.1
76.3
69.9

344.6
34.0
26.6
51.3
75.9
69.7

345.1
34.3
26.7
51.2
75.8
69.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

432.1
2.3
4.2
23.4
5.1
1.8
3.7
1.7
6.4
129.0
8.6
27.7
4.6
100.7
2.9
1.7
2.8
5.2
4.0
2.4
1.6
1.7
40.5
1.9
1.S
3.3
1.5
5.0
2.3

433.1
2.2
4.0
23.8
5.3
1.8
3.8
1.8
6.3
130.5
8.5
27.6
4.4
101.3
3.2
1.9
2.7
5.4
4.3
2.4
1.6
1.6
41.2
1.9
1.8
3.5
1.5
5.2
2.4

432.2
2.2
3.9
23.7
5.3
1.8
3.8
1.8
6.4
129.9
8.3
27.6
4.4
101.7
3.2
1.9
2.7
5.4
4.3
2.4
1.5
1.6
41.3
1.9
1.8
3.5
1.5
5.1
2.4

1,590.9
13.6
16.8
88.5
31.1
8.6
16.9
9.0
29.9
344.4
40.0
120.8
13.5
402.6
16.6
6.8
12.6
23.7
16.2
9.8
7.6
8.9
130.7
8.5
9.8
14.7
6.0
22.0
12.5

1,639.8
14.1
17.0
91.3
32.1
9.0
17.3
9.0
30.4
347.2
42.0
125.8
13.4
421.8
17.3
7.3
13.5
23.6
16.3
9.4
7.5
8.7
131.6
8.7
10.7
15.2
5.8
22.9
12.7

1,651.3
14.2
17.3
91.9
32.4
9.1
18.1
9.1
30.3
348.5
42.4
126.2
13.5
425.8
17.3
7.3
13.7
23.8
16.7
9.6
7.5
8.8
133.0
8.7
10.7
15.2
5.8
22.9
12.7

1,230.6
9.0
14.2
105.9
21.0
11.4
17.2
22.8
28.4
157.6
42.2
70.6
22.0
195.5
21.4
9.7
8.8
22.4
25.8
7.0
7.8
7.2
120.2
4.5
12.5
10.3
5.1
13.3
9.7

1,264.6
8.9
14.4
107.2
21.2
11.8
17.7
24.2
28.4
161.3
45.6
74.5
21.8
203.7
22.5
9.7
8.7
23.2
26.1
7.3
8.0
7.5
121.7
4.4
12.8
10.1
5.8
13.2
9.9

1,266.4
8.9
14.4
107.3
21.2
11.8
17.5
24.4
28.4
161.8
45.3
74.4
21.8
203.8
22.6
9.7
8.7
23.3
26.3
7.3
8.0
7.6
121.3
4.3
12.9
10.1
5.7
13.2
9.9

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

675.9
84.5
462.4

698.2
88.9
478.7

707.7
91.0
483.2

7.6

8.4

2.5

2.6

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

261.2
34.7
79.9

262.4
34.5
80.9

260.0
34.6
81.0

.4

.5

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,808.9
32.7
70.4
41.5
75.3
568.1

2,875.7
33.8
77.1
42.9
77.6
580.8
774.4
472.5

2,897.7
33.6
77.8
42.5
77.3
585.6

125.1

126.3

Washington
Seattle

1,987.1
1,025.7

2,073.3
1,075.5

2,096.7
1,087.3

3.4
.5

3.7
.5

606.3
106.5
108.7
59.5
58.5

611.1
109.2
109.1
61.3
60.1

617.1
109.4
109.6
61.4
60.6

35.0
2.0
1.3
.5
2.2

35.0
2.0
1.4
.5
2.3

2,179.1

2,227.2
156.6
61.2
102.0
58.6
39.4
53.4
213.4
755.3
77.2
51.6
53.5

1.5

Wausau

2,219.2
155.2
60.7
101.6
58.6
39.3
53.1
212.8
752.3
77.2
51.5
53.4

1.7

58.5
98.0
57.7
40.5
53.2
207.4
731.4
74.8
50.8
50.2

Wyoming
Casper

183.8
26.6

186.0
27.3

186.8
27.2

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

822.4
52.3
59.1
53.8
507.6

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

84




761.8
462.3
124.1

152.1

43.3

Mar.
1989

84

21.6
2.2
16.1

23.9
2.6
17.7

15.8
2.0
5.0

16.0
2.5
5.0

14.9
2.5
4.6

187.5
1.1
1.9
3.5
35.7
61.1
29.2
7.5

186.2
1.0
4.1
2.1
3.3
36.6
55.9
30.2
7.2

189.9
1.0
4.2
2.1
3.4
36.8
55.7
30.2
7.2

3.7
.5

96.4
51.3

103.3
53.8

109.4
56.0

35.5
2.0
1.4
.5
2.3

20.7
3.8
4.8
2.6
1.8

20.3
3.8
5.4
3.2
1.9

21.1
3.9
5.4
3.2
1.9

1.7

65.0
5.8
1.4
3.6
1.6
1.3
1.3
6.8

74.4
6.2
1.7
4.8
2.1
1.5
1.5
7.1

22.5
1.9
1.4
1.8

26.2
2.7
1.3
2.1

74.4
6.2
1.7
4.5
2.1
1.3
1.7
7.2
26.3
2.5
1.4
2.0

8.5
1.3

8.0
1.3

8.5
1.3

)
2.7

.5

15.8

15.1
16.0

779.2
473.8

0)

()
0)
16.2
2.2

16.3
2.3

Mar.
1990P

22.9
2.5
16.1

1

O
(1)
V)

Feb.
1990

16.2
2.2

4.1

42.4

30.4
40.8

41.0

2.4

2.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Mar.
1989
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Feb.
1990

Wholesale and rete I trade

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

State and area
Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

101.0
13.2
65.5

103.1
13.4
66.7

103.6
13.5
66.9

39.9
2.7
30.4

41.9
2.7
32.0

41.8
2.7
31.8

159.9
17.9
114.7

167.8
19.9
118.9

170.5
20.4
120.0

48.6
4.8
16.4

45.9
4.9
15.6

45.7
5.0
15.4

10.5
.8
3.4

10.5
.9
3.4

10.6
.9
3.5

61.3
7.7
19.8

61.2
7.5
19.9

60.9
7.5
19.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

426.4
10.6
9.2
16.9
23.7
68.8
35.2
64.4
19.8

424.0
10.9
9.0
17.1
23.8
66.6
34.8
63.3
19.7

423.4
10.9
9.1
16.4
23.7
66.7
35.1
63.1
19.9

147.2
1.3
2.6
1.0
2.9
27.0
52.6
24.4
7.9

152.7
1.3
2.7
1.1
2.8
26.9
54.6
24.5
7.8

153.2
1.3
2.7
1.1
2.8
27.5
54.8
24.6
7.8

637.8
8.5
14.0
8.7
16.5
138.3
169.7
109.8
33.6

649.3
8.8
15.0
9.0
17.2
140.3
174.7
110.1
33.2

652.9
8.7
14.9
9.1
17.0
141.3
175.1
111.2
33.7

Washington
Seattle

349.2
209.4

361.4
219.7

363.0
220.5

103.6
63.0

109.7
68.4

109.7
68.4

481.1
247.1

502.7
256.8

507.9
260.4

87.0
10.4
20.3
14.2
7.1

87.2
10.8
20.3
14.2
7.2

87.3
10.8
20.5
14.1
7.2

36.3
8.8
8.1
2.4
3.3

36.0
9.1
7.0
2.5
3.3

36.4
9.0
7.1
2.5
3.4

141.9
28.0
26.7
14.5
15.9

142.1
28.6
27.4
15.2
16.8

142.3
28.6
27.3
15.2
16.8

552.1
52.9
11.3
23.8
18.9
12.1
10.5
24.5
174.7
26.4
21.6
13.9

548.6
53.5
10.8
23.9
17.7
9.6
9.9
24.9
174.4
26.4
21.8
14.9

549.7
53.9
10.9
23.9
17.5
9.8
9.9
25.0
174.7
26.3
21.8
14.9

97.8
5.2
3.4
7.1
2.4
1.0
2.3
6.9
35.8
2.3
1.5
2.8

97.9
5.5
3.4
7.1
2.3
1.5
2.4
6.8
36.0
2.3
1.5
3.0

98.4
5.5
3.4
7.1
2.2
1.6
2.4
6.8
36.1
2.3
1.6
3.0

509.2
32.6
16.2
25.4
13.4
9.5
14.6
46.5
166.8
17.2
9.4
12.5

523.8
33.7
16.7
26.1
13.2
10.1
14.3
49.1
173.4
17.9
9.5
13.4

525.8
34.0
16.9
26.3
13.4
10.1
14.3
48.7
174.1
18.1
9.5
13.5

8.0
1.4

8.4
1.6

8.4
1.6

13.8
1.6

14.0
1.7

13.9
1.7

41.4
7.6

42.2
7.7

42.6
7.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands

160.4
16.7
21.4
10.1
67.2
2.4

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

17.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.2

2.2

2.5

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

2.1

144.7
10.9
7.5
8.9
99.7
2.1

10.5

(2)
(2)
i2\
l2\

(2)

10.1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
10.3

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.1
2.3

33.4
2.2
27.1

33.7
2.2
27.2

164.1
31.7
110.1

172.2
34.1
116.1

175.4
35.0

26.9

117.7

147.4
14.2
96.2

149.8
14.4
99.2

150.4
14.6
99.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.7
3.1
3.9

13.0
3.1
4.0

12.9
3.1
4.1

68.0
8.2
18.5

70.5
7.9
20.3

69.2
7.8
20.8

43.9
8.1
12.9

44.8
7.7
12.7

45.3
7.8
13.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ...
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

148.9
1.2
4.3
1.3
3.7
25.7
50.4
38.1
8.8

153.6
1.2
4.6
1.3
3.7

154.1

684.8
4.9
13.0
6.3

708.7
5.1

719.3
5.1

17.0
146.4
251.9

149.3
254.9

131.8
144.2

137.1

105.1
32.4

106.0
32.6

94.6
15.5

98.7

8.9

15.6
140.8
248.1
100.9
31.0

13.7
6.8
16.8

560.5
5.1
23.2
5.4
9.4

586.1
5.5

13.6
6.7

15.9

588.9
5.4
28.6
5.7
9.9
137.2
150.9
98.1
16.2

Washington
Seattle

109.5
69.8

114.8
72.6

115.6
72.8

461.9
244.5

485.1
258.5

491.8
2(32.3

382.0
140.1

392.6
145.2

395.6
146.4

23.8
6.1
3.8
2.1
2.8

24.3
6.3
3.8
2.2
3.0

24.2
6.3
3.8
2.2
3.0

135.2
26.9
23.9
13.6
16.1

139.6
28.2
24.5
14.1
16.6

141.3
28.2
24.7
14.2
16.6

126.4
20.5
19.8
9.6
9.3

126.6
20.4
19.3
9.4
9.0

129.0
20.6
19.4
9.5
9.4

118.3
7.4
1.9
4.1
1.6
1.3
1.7
18.6
50.7
2.4
2.7
3.4

118.8
7.5
1.9
4.1
1.6
1.3
1.7
18.6
50.8
2.4
2.7
3.4

497.3
30.6
13.3
23.1
12.8
8.9
14.9
46.9
196.9
16.5

512.3
31.6
14.6
24.5
13.8
9.0
'5.5
48.4
206.9
17.0
9.4
10.3

344.9
17.6
11.7

11.3

11.4
8.1
6.3

346.2
18.0
11.8
11.5
8.1
6.3

9.3

509.8
31.2
14.4
24.1
13.6
9.0
15.4
47.8
205.3
17.0
9.2
10.2

340.0
17.7
11.0

Wausau

116.1
7.3
1.9
3.6
1.6
1.3
1.6
18.4
49.5
2.3
2.5
3.5

Wyoming
Casper

7.2
1.4

7.1
1.4

7.1
1.4

33.1
6.0

34.3
6.2

34.3
6.2

55.6
5.1

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
1

86




26.9

1.3
3.7
26.8

51.5
39.8

52.1
39.8

2.0

9.0

1.9

1.9

10.1

7.1
6.4
8.1
57.4
85.0
8.3
5.3
6.5

28.1
5.6
9.8
150.5

7.9
58.5
85.9
8.5
5.4
6.4

8.0
58.6
86.2
8.5
5.4
6.4

55.7
5.1

55.8
5.1

13.2

13.3

296.3
16.2
19.3
17.3
176.7

10.2
90.7

28.5

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
2

1.2
4.6

8.8

8.7

13.4

All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1989 benchmarks, and industry
detail are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75
13.14

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33
562.39

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01
13.37

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
493.08
506.72

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.7

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36
335.20

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
42.8

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1990:
January
February ...
Marchp
Aprilp

34.8
34.5
34.8
35.1
34.9
34.7
34.8
34.5
34.7

$9.62
9.59
9.58
9.63
9.61
9.77
9.81
9.81
9.84

$334.78
330.86
333.38
338.01
335.39
339.02
341.39
338.45
341.45

42.8
42.0
42.6
42.5
43.2
43.7
43.9
43.6
43.7

$13.19
13.13
13.03
12.95
13.11
13.15
13.10
13.13
13.31

$564.53
551.46
555.08
550.38
566.35
574.66
575.09
572.47
581.65

37.9
37.7
38.0
38.9
39.0
38.6
39.2
38.1
37.0

$13.30
13.28
13.24
13.33
13.33
13.48
13.52
13.51
13.64

$504.07
500.66
503.12
518.54
519.87
520.33
529.98
514.73
504.68

34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5

9.88
9.91
9.93
9.97

337.90
339.91
341.59
343.97

43.6
43.2
42.9
43.2

13.31
13.30
13.39
13.48

580.32
574.56
574.43
582.34

37.6
37.2
37.9
37.4

13.42
13.42
13.47
13.38

504.59
499.22
510.51
500.41

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18
10.47

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72
10.01

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40
429.27

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3
39.4

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18
495.26

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.60
9.94
10.38

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.76
378.71
395.48

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1990:
January
February ...
Marchp
April"

41.0
40.9
41.1
40.5
40.8
41.2
40.9
41.1
41.3

$10.41
10.42
10.44
10.47
10.44
10.55
10.52
10.58
10.67

$9.95
9.98
9.98

40.6
40.4
40.7
39.7

10.59
10.66
10.74
10.77

See footnotes at end of table.




9.97
10.05
10.04
10.10
10.19

$426.81
426.18
429.08
424.04
425.95
434.66
430.27
434.84
440.67

39.8
39.3
39.6
39.8
39.4
39.4
39.4
39.1
39.3

$12.51
12.49
12.48
12.58
12.56
12.70
12.69
12.67
12.76

$497.90
490.86
494.21
500.68
494.86
500.38
499.99
495.40
501.47

38.2
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.2

$10.36
10.28
10.31
10.40
10.35
10.47
10.50
10.55
10.62

$395.75
389.61
392.81
398.32
394.34
398.91
402.15
401.96
405.68

10.15
10.24
10.29
10.39

429.95
430.66
437.12
427.57

38.8
39.0
39.2
39.5

12.80
12.85
12.81
12.86

496.64
501.15
502.15
507.97

37.8
37.8
37.9
38.1

10.61
10.66
10.65
10.76

401.06
402.95
403.64
409.96

10.02

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09
9.57

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33
343.56

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.91
9.39

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
290.47
306.11

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32

121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.54

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
189.01

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.9

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

102.68
108.86
114.60

92.13

95.72
101.75

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1989:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1990:
January
February ...
Marchp
ApriP
1

28.9
28.8
29.2
29.9
29.6
28.9
28.9
28.6
29.2

$6.52
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.50
6.61
6.62
6.64
6.66

$188.43
186.91
189.51
194.05
192.40
191.03
191.32
189.90
194.47

36.3
35.6
35.8
36.3
35.8
35.7
36.1
35.7
35.7

$9.59
9.48
9.48
9.59
9.50
9.62
9.71
9.69
9.76

$348.12
337.49
339.38
348.12
340.10
343.43
350.53
345.93
348.43

32.8
32.4
32.7
33.1
32.9
32.6
32.8
32.6
32.5

$9.34
9.30
9.26
9.33
9.29
9.49
9.59
9.61
9.69

$306.35
301.32
302.80
308.82
305.64
309.37
314.55
313.29
314.93

28.1
28.3
28.5
29.0

6.74
6.73
6.75
6.77

189.39
190.46
192.38
196.33

35.7
35.8
35.6
36.2

9.82

350.57
354.42
351.37
362.00

32.4
32.5
32.5
32.7

9.73
9.75
9.75
9.81

315.25
316.88
316.88
320.79

Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




9.90
9.87

10.00
p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1988 forward are subject to revision.

89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

34.4

34.8

34.3

34.4

34.5

42.0

42.8

43.2

42.9

43.2

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

42.4
42.7
45.0

42.6
43.8
44.2

42.2
43.5
45.2

41.9
42.8
43.8

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

42.2
42.2

43.2
43.3

44.2
44.4

43.9
44.0

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

41.2
41.2
41.1

41.7
42.7
41.0

43.0
42.4
43.3

42.3
41.5
42.7

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

44.0
44.4

45.9
47.5

43.3
43.5

44.1
44.7

37.4

37.9

37.2

37.9

15
152
153
154

37.1
35.9
38.3
38.4

37.5
36.5
38.3
38.5

37.0
36.2
38.0
37.9

37.6
36.9
38.3
38.3

16
161
162

41.0
40.4
41.3

41.4
41.2
41.5

40.9
39.7
41.3

41.8
40.8
42.2

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

36.5
38.1
35.4
38.5
34.7
34.7
32.4

37.1
38.5
36.0
38.6
35.2
34.7
34.2

36.3
37.7
35.6
38.8
34.3
34.5
32.2

36.9
38.3
35.8
39.0
34.8
35.2
33.3

41.0

41.0

40.4

40.7

39.7

3.8

3.8

3.4

3.6

2.9

41.7

41.7

41.0

41.4

40.3

4.0

3.9

3.5

3.7

2.8

14
142

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering.
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

37.4

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

39.8
39.8
41.2
41.5
40.1
39.9
39.1
39.5
40.9
42.8
38.6
36.3
36.6
39.2

40.5
41.8
41.6
42.0
40.0
40.2
39.4
39.5
40.5
44.1
38.8
37.7
37.6
39.9

39.3
36.9
40.9
41.3
39.4
39.5
39.4
38.3
41.2
42.3
38.6
36.1
36.4
39.9

40.1
39.9
41.0
41.4
39.7
40.1
39.2
40.0
41.2
42.9
39.4
37.4
37.2
40.0

40.2

3.4
4.6
4.0
4.2
3.1
3.2
2.1
3.4
3.9
5.2
3.3
1.8
1.9
2.9

3.6
5.2
4.2
4.5
3.2
3.3
2.3
3.2
3.6
6.0
3.5
2.0
1.9
3.0

3.2
4.4
4.1
4.5
2.7
2.7
1.9
2.1
3.9
5.0
3.1
1.0
.8
2.9

3.5
5.1
4.2
4.5
2.9
3.1
2.3
3.3
3.8
5.0
3.4
1.7
1.6
3.0

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.6
39.6
40.0
38.8
40.1
39.8
39.4
38.7
40.8
38.5

39.3
38.9
39.8
37.5
40.7
38.5
39.7
39.6
40.7
38.6

38.9
38.5
39.1
37.1
40.8
39.5
39.6
39.9
40.0
38.7

39.0
38.8
39.3
37.3
41.0
39.3
38.7
39.8
39.9
39.2

38.3

2.7
2.7
2.8
2.2
3.5
3.2
2.5
2.9
3.0
2.0

2.4
2.2
2.5
1.6
3.3
2.1
2.4
3.7
3.2
2.0

2.3
2.3
2.6
1.5
3.3
3.1
2.1
3.1
2.4
1.9

2.3
2.3
2.4
1.8
4.0
3.0
1.9
3.0
2.4
2.3

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

41.9
44.6
41.7

42.6
44.8
42.3

41.0
42.9
41.4

41.6
43.3
41.4

42.1

4.8
6.8
4.5

5.1
6.6
4.6

4.3
5.2
4.5

4.7
5.8
4.5

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.

90




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

$9.56

$9.62

$9.91

$9.93

$9.97 $328.86 $334.78 $339.91 $341.59 $343.97

13.15

13.19

13.30

13.39

13.48

552.30

564.53

574.56

574.43

582.34

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

13.71
14.03
11.83

13.68
14.18
11.56

13.75
13.66
11.94

13.78
13.78
12.33

581.30
599.08
532.35

582.77
621.08
510.95

580.25
594.21
539.69

577.38
589.78
540.05

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

16.23
16.29

16.17
16.23

16.55
16.62

16.47
16.53

684.91
687.44

698.54
702.76

731.51
737.93

723.03
727.32

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
Oil and gas field services
138

12.29
14.93
10.67

12.45
15.11
10.78

12.38
15.60
10.73

12.54
15.84
10.85

506.35
615.12
438.54

519.17
645.20
441.98

532.34
661.44
464.61

530.44
657.36
463.30

11.06
10.42

11.15
10.64

11.29
10.65

11.42
10.82

486.64
462.65

511.79
505.40

488.86
463.28

503.62
483.65

13.26

13.30

13.42

13.47

495.92

504.07

499.22

510.51

15
152
153
154

12.50
11.89
11.73
13.19

12.54
11.95
11.85
13.22

12.75
12.25
12.69
13.30

12.76
12.22
12.72
13.36

463.75
426.85
449.26
506.50

470.25
436.18
453.86
508.97

471.75
443.45
482.22
504.07

479.78
450.92
487.18
511.69

16
161
162

12.65
11.97
12.90

12.87
12.36
13.08

12.71
12.17
12.88

12.90
12.29
13.11

518.65
483.59
532.77

532.82
509.23
542.82

519.84
483.15
531.94

539.22
501.43
553.24

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

13.76
14.16
12.91
14.67
13.87
13.28
11.99

13.73
14.21
12.84
14.70
13.90
13.14
12.06

13.91
14.30
13.21
14.80
14.03
13.27
12.16

13.94
14.34
13.13
14.89
14.21
13.16
12.22

502.24
539.50
457.01
564.80
481.29
460.82
388.48

509.38
547.09
462.24
567.42
489.28
455.96
412.45

504.93
539.11
470.28
574.24
481.23
457.82
391.55

514.39
549.22
470.05
580.71
494.51
463.23
406.93

10.41

10.41

10.66

10.74

10.77

426.81

426.81

430.66

437.12

427.57

10.93

10.93

11.17

11.24

11.25

455.78

455.78

457.97

465.34

453.38

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.68
10.70
8.90
9.22
7.31
8.64
8.76
8.09
7.23
10.16
6.48
8.32
8.43
7.53

8.76
10.99
8.98
9.32
7.30
8.73
8.88
8.16
7.28
10.24
6.51
8.23
8.32
7.59

8.96
10.81
9.21
9.56
7.46
9.02
9.35
8.35
7.58
10.32
6.62
8.36
8.40
7.90

9.05
11.12
9.23
9.58
7.53
9.10
9.38
8.56
7.57
10.34
6.62
8.53
8.64
7.90

9.08

345.46
425.86
366.68
382.63
293.13
344.74
342.52
319.56
295.71
434.85
250.13
302.02
308.54
295.18

354.78
459.38
373.57
391.44
292.00
350.95
349.87
322.32
294.84
451.58
252.59
310.27
312.83
302.84

352.13
398.89
376.69
394.83
293.92
356.29
368.39
319.81
312.30
436.54
255.53
301.80
305.76
315.21

362.91
443.69
378.43
396.61
298.94
364.91
367.70
342.40
311.88
443.59
260.83
319.02
321.41
316.00

365.02

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

8.13
7.53
7.04
8.30
7.21
8.05
9.17
8.66
9.56
8.46

8.12
7.48
7.02
8.23
7.35
7.81
9.10
8.82
9.65
8.41

8.39
7.80
7.32
8.53
7.71
8.26
9.31
8.97
9.75
8.63

8.41
7.84
7.31
8.61
7.82
8.27
9.32
8.93
9.74
8.65

8.42

321.95
298.19
281.60
322.04
289.12
320.39
361.30
335.14
390.05
325.71

319.12
290.97
279.40
308.63
299.15
300.69
361.27
349.27
392.76
324.63

326.37
300.30
286.21
316.46
314.57
326.27
368.68
357.90
390.00
333.98

327.99
304.19
287.28
321.15
320.62
325.01
360.68
355.41
388.63
339.08

322.49

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

10.62
15.22
11.81

10.71
15.17
12.03

10.85
14.75
12.15

10.94
15.12
12.15

11.16

444.98
678.81
492.48

456.25
679.62
508.87

444.85
632.78
503.01

455.10
654.70
503.01

469.84

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

Crushed and broken stone
13.38

500.41

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

See footnotes at end of table.

92



Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

5.2
3.6
3.0
5.1
3.5
2.6
5.8
6.9
5.5
5.4
4.6
3.5
4.1

41.6
42.9

5.5
5.8
6.0
4.4
5.3
5.7
4.0
4.6
4.7
4.9
6.1
5.5
8.4
5.2
4.1
4.2!

5.3
5.6
5.8
4.3
5.2
5.5
4.2
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.9
4.8
7.4
5.3
4.1
4.1

4.6
5.2
5.2
6.1
4.1
4.3
3.2
4.1
4.7
4.5
5.5
6.1
7.6
4.5
2.8
2.6

4.9
5.2
5.2
6.3
4.6
4.9
3.3
4.3
4.9
5.0
5.6
5.8
7.5
4.9
3.2
3.1

41.6
43.6
43.9
41.2
41.2
40.5
41.7
42.7
39.5
40.8
42.0
39.4
42.2
40.3
38.7
42.3
40.9
43.8
42.5
42.5
43.4
41.4
40.9
40.3
42.0
41.4
40.3
41.7
42.6
40.2

39.9

4.0
5.3
5.4
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.2!
3.8
2.3
3.7
4.2
2.6
4.4
3.1
4.4
5.6
4.7
6.6
4.9
5.7
5.^
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.7
2.8
2.5
3.6
3.8
3.2

3.8
5.6
5.5
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.9
2.7
3.6
4.2
2.8
4.1
3.0
4.3
5.0
4.1
6.1
4.7
5.1
5.5
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.5
3.1

3.5
4.8
4.9
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.3
3.3
2.2
3.4
3.8
1.6
4.7
2.8
3.7
4.1
3.2
5.1
3.3
3.7
2.8
3.8
3.6
3.0
4.7
3.4
2.7
3.7
4.2
3.0

3.7
5.1
5.2
3.1
3.1
2.8
3.4
3.8
1.9
3.5
3.8
2.3
4.6
3.0
3.4
4.5
3.6
5.5
4.1
4.2
4.5
3.7
3.7
3.2
4.5
3.2
2.6
3.6
3.7
3.1

42.1
43.2
43.6
43.1
42.4
41.8

40.6

4.5
4.3
5.7
3.8
4.5
5.0

4.3
3.7
5.1
3.2
4.4
5.0

4.0
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.4

4.0
4.4
5.2
4.1
4.7
4.4

41.6
41.2
39.8
42.8
40.5
40.0
40.7
43.2
41.9
38.1
42.1
42.7
40.5

41.7
41.0
40.3
42.9
40.7
39.7
42.0
44.4
42.7
40.2
42.4
42.5
40.6

33
331

43.5
44.0
44.3
41.6
43.2
43.3
42.3
42.8
43.5
43.6
43.8
44.0
45.6
42.5
41.9
42.2

43.2
43.6
44.0
41.6
42.9
43.1
43.1
42.4
43.4
43.5
43.7
43.0
44.8
42.8
42.0
42.4

42.3
42.7
42.8
43.4
41.8
41.8
40.0
41.7
43.6
43.0
43.2
44.0
44.3
42.2
39.7
39.5

42.6
42.9
42.9
44.0
42.2
42.4
40.7
41.8
43.9
43.4
43.5
43.9
44.4
42.5
40.4
40.4

41.7
44.0
44.4
41.2
41.4
40.8
40.6
41.7
39.1
40.7
41.0
39.0
42.5
40.0
40.4
43.5
42.1
45.0
43.0
44.2
44.3
40.5
41.4
41.5
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.4
42.1
40.0

41.7
43.8
44.1
41.0
41.0
40.7
40.8
41.8
39.5
41.0
41.6
40.1
42.2
40.3
40.7
42.8
41.6
44.2
42.9
43.7
44.2
40.6
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.9
41.7
41.2
42.1
39.5

41.1
43.6
43.9
40.9
40.8
40.3
40.8
41.2
38.9
40.6
41.7
38.2
42.3
39.9
39.2
41.7
40.3
43.3
41.2
41.9
40.6
41.5
40.7
39.9
42.2
42.0
40.3
41.6
43.3
40.0

42.6
43.3
43.5
43.3
42.4
42.8

42.5
43.3
42.9
43.4
42.1
42.8

42.1
43.7
43.7
43.7
43.0
42.4

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Mar.
1989

5.3
3.5
2.2
5.4
3.3
2.7
5.2
6.0
5.3
4.3
4.5
3.4
4.0

42.6
41.9
41.5
42.5
41.9
40.9
43.6
44.4
43.5
42.7
42.4
43.3
43.0

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

Apr.
1990p

5.5
3.7
3.1
3.8
3.9
3.3
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.8
4.7
3.9
6.3

41.9
41.6
41.9
43.4
41.9
40.6
42.0
42.9
42.7
40.2
42.2
43.7
41.6

3312
3317
332

Average overtime hours

5.1
3.8
3.2
4.6
4.0
3.5
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.7
4.6
4.5
4.8

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
3483
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

Average weekly hours

Apr.
1990 p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327

3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average hourly earnings

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

$12.21 $12.64 $12.76 $12.75
11.36
11.35 11.46 11.47
9.35
9.36
9.38
9.55
13.63 13.66 13.95 13.95
9.14
9.14
9.46
9.48
9.51
9.50
9.63
9.67
10.35 10.50
10.53 10.71
9.52
9.66
9.54
9.64
9.33
9.42
9.50
9.63
11.24 11.39
11.48 11.66
10.62
10.67
10.91
10.94
10.22 10.22
10.32
10.25
10.72
10.99 11.18
10.84

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

$511.60 $538.46 $530.8i
472.58 475.57 472.15
391.77 388.44 373.32
591.54 580.55 597.06

382.97
386.11
434.70
408.41
398.39
451.85
448.16
446.61
457.18

Mar.
1990p

452.41
442.53
480.74

383.13
385.20
428.57
412.13
398.05
437.39
459.31
440.66
434.16

$531.68
470.27
384.87
598.46
385.84
383.90
449.82
428.02
411.20
468.73
463.86
435.63
440.10

382.97
388.55
457.80
428.90

409.77
486.35

Apr.
1990p

12.27
14.13
14.91
10.84
11.13
11.68
11.93
10.26
13.51
13.75
11.78
11.09
14.10
11.90
9.70
9.91

12.26
14.06
14.81
10.83
11.14
11.66
12.15
10.27
13.65
13.96
11.79
11.08
14.00
11.94
9.72
9.92

12.60
14.59
15.41
11.60
11.31
11.73
12.21
10.93
13.98
14.28
11.90
11.31
14.78
11.66
10.08
10.34

12.66 $13.03 533.75
14.54 15.37 621.72
15.34
660.51
11.63
450.94
11.49
480.82
12.00
505.74
12.46
504.64
10.90
439.13
14.02
587.69
14.37
599.50
12.08
515.96
11.47
487.96
14.87
642.96
11.93
505.75
10.14
406.43
10.40
418.20

529.63
613.02
651.64
450.53
477.91
502.55
523.67
435.45
592.41
607.26
515.22
476.44
627.20
511.03
408.24
420.61

532.98
622.99
659.55
503.44
472.76
490.31
488.40
455.78
609.53
614.04
514.08
497.64
654.75
492.05
400.18
408.43

539.32
623.77
658.09
511.72
484.88
508.80
507.12
455.62
615.48
623.66
525.48
503.53
660.23
507.03
409.66
420.16

$542.05
659.37

10.47
13.68
14.58
10.30
9.55
10.64
9.41
9.06
9.28
9.85
10.39
8.34
10.46

10.48
13.74
14.67
10.40

10.66
14.03
14.91
10.68
9.91
11.00
9.74

10.74
14.13
15.02
10.82

9.44
9.54
10.08
10.26
8.61
10.98
10.31
9.68
10.49

10.65
8.75

437.02
601.81
646.95
426.40
392.78
438.75
384.74
381.22
366.96
403.44
433.47
333.63
440.57
407.84
377.29
438.70
398.11
485.32
539.68
578.15
629.85
393.01
349.83
346.93
354.77
483.95
474.13
397.58
440.37
342.36

438.13
611.71
654.55
436.81
404.33
443.30
397.39
388.52
372.27
409.25
428.26
324.32
464.88
412.17
374.75
436.18
398.57
477.60
513.76
541.35
577.74
418.32
358.97
348.73
377.69
499.80
465.06
413.92
463.31
349.20

446.78
616.07
659.38
445.78
410.76
454.01
405.32
403.09
376.83
411.26
430.92
339.23
463.36
415.49
374.62
443.73
406.96
483.99
540.18
555.90
631.04
414.83
363.60
354.24
380.52
490.59
463.45
414.50
453.69
351.75

426.53

9.43
9.57

10.69 436.60
601.92
647.35
424.36
395.37
434.11
382.05
377.80
362.85
400.90
425.99
325.26
444.55
407.20
366.83
445.44
404.16
491.40
538.36
591.40
622.42
390.83
349.83
350.26
349.40
478.25
463.91
399.92
443.73
344.40

11.57
14.42
14.66
14.34
10.51
11.69

11.53 479.25
603.60
613.35
601.44
440.96
484.92

478.55
604.90
608.32
603.26
434.47
478.50

485.41
627.97
636.27
624.91
448.92
492.69

487.10
622.94
639.18
618.05
445.62
488.64

468.12

10.18
9.08

10.24
9.60

10.92
12.52
13.38
14.05
9.65
8.45
8.44
8.46

9.58

10.78
9.43
9.12
9.29
9.84

10.42
8.32
10.44
10.12
9.27

10.25
9.57
10.98
12.58
13.23
14.25
9.68
8.45
8.38

10.08
10.27
8.49
10.99
10.33
9.56
10.46

9.72

9.89

9.95

11.03
12.47
12.92
14.23
10.08

11.05
12.71
13.08
14.54
10.02

8.82
8.74

8.89

11.58
11.26
9.66
10.54
8.61

11.55
11.37
9.65
10.46
8.68

8.95
11.90
11.54
9.95
10.70
8.73

11.25
13.94
14.10
13.89
10.40
11.33

11.26
13.97
14.18
13.90
10.32
11.18

11.53
14.37
14.56
14.30
10.44
11.62

8.59

9.97

11.21

8.79
9.06
11.85

11.50
9.94

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

94




1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585

359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362

3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

42.8
43.2
42.1
42.8
43.1
41.1
43.9
44.8
44.3
44.2
42.7
43.3
42.3
42.0
42.8
39.4
43.0
42.9
44.5
42.9
41.0
43.6
42.6
42.0
42.0
41.5
42.0
42.1
43.1
42.0

42.5
43.0
42.0
41.7
43.6
40.9
43.6
44.2
44.1
44.1
42.4
43.1
42.3
42.3
42.8
39.1
42.7
42.4
43.7
43.5
41.1
42.7
42.7
41.8
41.9
41.6
42.2
42.1
43.2
41.9

42.8
43.7
42.2
44.6
41.4
40.7
42.7
42.5
43.6
43.4
41.5
42.0
42.5
41.6
43.1
40.3
41.8
41.7
42.7
43.4
39.4
41.8
43.2
41.2
41.5
40.8
41.0
41.5
40.5
41.6

42.9
43.5
42.8
45.5
41.4
40.4
42.7
42.3
42.9
43.4
41.6
41.8
42.6
41.9
42.6
39.9
41.7
41.7
42.2
43.4
39.2
42.1
43.0
41.5
41.9
40.3
40.4
42.0
41.4
42.0

40.5
41.8
42.2
41.4
41.6
41.6
40.6
38.5
39.2
39.7
38.9
39.9
41.5
39.3
40.2
38.5
40.6
40.1
40.8
41.7
40.4
40.0
41.0
39.5
40.5
41.7
40.3
42.3

40.7
41.4
41.8
41.1
41.8
41.9
40.3
39.6
39.8
40.9
40.2
40.0
41.4
39.9
40.2
37.2
39.9
39.8
41.1
41.8
40.8
40.3
40.4
40.0
40.8
41.9
41.6
42.3

40.8
41.7
42.2
41.2
41.7
41.5
40.8
39.7
38.5
41.5
39.7
40.3
41.1
40.2
40.7
39.0
39.8
40.1
41.7
44.2
40.7
40.7
41.6
40.6
41.2
40.3
39.7
40.2

40.9
41.4
41.7
41.1
41.5
41.1
40.6
39.6
38.6
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.8
40.0
41.5
39.2
40.8
40.3
42.0
45.1
40.8
40.9
41.0
40.7
41.5
40.5
39.9
40.6

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

39.7

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

4.3
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.4
2.8
5.7
5.6
6.3
6.2
4.9
4.5
4.8
4.3
4.0
4.7
4.7
4.4
6.2
4.3
2.6
5.3
4.6
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.7
5.1
4.7

4.1
4.4
3.9
4.2
5.5
2.9
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.1
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.2
5.7
4.3
2.9
5.1
4.7
2.8
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.5
4.7
4.5

4.2
4.4
4.3
6.2
4.1
2.5
4.8
4.3
5.8
5.5
3.7
3.4
4.4
3.6
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.7
4.3
4.4
2.2
4.4
4.5
3.0
3.2
2.5
2.6
4.2
2.7
4.3

4.2
4.4
4.9
6.0
4.2
2.1
4.7
4.3
5.3
5.5
3.6
2.9
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.5
4.6
4.4
1.8
4.9
4.4
3.1
3.1
2.4
2.4
4.3
3.5
4.4

3.0
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.9
2.4
2.6
3.8
2.0
2.5
2.7
3.5
2.3
3.2
1.9
3.3
3.0
2.5
3.3
2.2
3.1
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.5
2.1
4.7

2.9
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.7
4.0
2.5
2.8
3.5
2.3
2.8
2.6
3.2
2.6
3.0
1.4
3.3
2.9
2.3
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
2.5
4.4

3.0
2.9
3.2
2.6
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
3.2
1.7
2.9
3.1
3.1
2.2
2.4
2.1
1.2
2.4
2.5
2.3
3.6
3.5
4.3
3.6
2.7
2.1
2.8

3.0
2.8
3.1
2.6
3.3
3.4
2.2
2.1
2.5
1.7
1.9
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.7
2.5
3.2
1.9
2.4
2.5
2.4
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.6
2.8
2.0
3.2

Apr.
1990 p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

$11.28 $11.33 $11.61 $11.65
12.92
12.96
12.67
12.66
11.65
11.76
11.21
11.35
11.29
11.18
11.08
10.83
10.47
10.53
10.33
10.37
10.24
10.26
9.98
9.91
11.98
12.00
11.72
11.69
11.91
12.00
11.60
11.60
12.39
12.33
12.12
12.08
12.79
12.77
12.52
12.51
10.63
10.73
10.62
10.51
9.74
9.70
9.33
9.35
11.82
11.73
11.47
11.43
11.86
11.78
11.51
11.42
10.00
9.56
9.57
9.99
12.76
12.48
12.52
12.73
11.27
10.82
10.82
11.32
11.94
11.37
11.42
11.93
11.64
11.27
11.32
11.79
11.41
10.51
10.57
11.57
9.97
9.61
9.53
9.90
11.47
11.15
11.06
11.59
10.56
10.32
10.31
10.63
11.31
11.01
10.97
11.37
11.22
10.98
10.94
11.26
10.75
10.69
10.74
10.85
10.85
10.91
10.92
10.98
11.23
10.97
10.96
11.22
12.88
13.15
13.27
13.03
11.03
10.67
10.65
11.00
10.30
9.40
9.22
9.58
10.07
10.08
9.81
10.22
11.95
11.97
7.54
9.69
10.86
9.55
9.33
7.06
9.46
9.96
12.30
11.71
12.54
9.48
12.01
11.57
8.43
11.03
11.43
11.94

10.31
9.41
9.21
9.62
10.09
10.10
9.86
10.22
11.89
12.12
7.49
9.73
10.96
9.53
9.33
7.16
9.60
9.99
12.29
11.65
12.54
9.48
11.99
11.54
8.44
11.01
11.56
11.86

10.54
9.96
9.73
10.18
10.18
10.00
10.18
10.30
11.83
12.23
7.64
9.99
11.50
9.90
9.41
7.41
9.19
9.58
12.62
11.50
13.10
9.94
12.64
11.91
8.88
10.87
11.78
11.36

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

$482.78
546.91
477.84
463.52
446.95
407.30
513.19
519.68
535.14
552.94
448.78
404.86
483.49
479.64
409.60
493.29
465.26
489.92
503.74
453.45
390.73
482.22
439.21
460.74
459.48
445.71
458.64
461.42
571.94
447.30

$481.53
544.81
470.82
462.04
450.39
408.18
510.99
512.72
534.49
552.13
450.29
402.12
485.18
486.87
409.17
487.97
462.01
482.09
492.50
457.19
394.97
476.11
440.66
460.22
460.06
444.70
460.40
461.84
568.08
447.07

$496.91
564.60
491.63
503.53
433.46
416.77
511.55
506.18
540.20
555.09
441.15
407.40
498.53
490.05
431.00
514.23
471.09
497.90
497.03
495.19
392.82
479.45
456.19
465.97
465.63
438.60
444.85
466.05
521.64
458.85

$499.79
563.76
503.33
508.69
435.94
414.50
512.40
507.60
528.96
554.22
446.37
407.13
503.53
496.93
425.57
507.93
472.04
497.48
497.54
502.14
388.08
487.94
457.09
471.86
471.79
437.26
443.59
471.24
539.44
462.00

419.62
389.57
384.98
395.38
421.76
423.19
397.36
404.71
473.22
495.71
301.10
389.20
453.74
380.25
375.07
266.35
383.04
397.60
505.12
486.97
511.63
382.04
484.40
461.60
344.35
461.32
480.90
501.68

430.03
415.33
410.61
419.42
424.51
415.00
415.34
408.91
455.46
507.55
303.31
402.60
472.65
397.98
382.99
288.99
365.76
384.16
526.25
508.30
533.17
404.56
525.82
483.55
365.86
438.06
467.67
456.67

432.72
412.34
404.49
420.04
423.30
412.64
412.90
403.92
440.43
486.82
306.68
404.01
465.53
396.40
390.52
288.90
383.52
396.15
533.40
515.49
540.60
406.96
517.83
489.62
368.52
445.50
472.82
469.34

10.58 $10.58 417.15
9.96
392.92
9.70
389.08
10.22
396.61
10.20
418.91
10.04
419.33
10.17
398.29
10.20
393.47
11.41
468.44
12.08
475.21
7.61
293.31
10.05
386.63
11.41
450.69
375.32
9.91
375.07
9.41
271.81
7.37
384.08
9.40
399.40
9.83
501.84
12.70
488.31
11.43
506.62
13.25
379.20
9.95
492.41
12.63
457.02
12.03
341.42
8.88
11.00
459.95
11.85
460.63
11.56
505.06

Apr.
1990 p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
$420.(
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

43.3
44.2
44.9
43.6
44.2
40.5
42.9
42.7
42.7
43.5
40.8
41.6
39.8
42.5
43.0
43.0
39.6
37.8

43.0
43.7
43.9
43.6
44.0
40.3
43.0
42.8
43.1
43.1
40.9
41.4
40.3
42.7
42.4
42.3
40.1
39.0

41.5
41.2
41.5
40.0
41.4
38.8
42.8
42.6
42.6
43.2
39.8
40.4
38.7
40.6
42.8
42.9
39.1
37.5

42.4
42.7
42.5
40.7
43.3
40.1
42.9
42.7
42.9
43.3
40.5
41.1
39.3
41.8
42.4
42.3
39.6
38.5

40.6
40.8

5.1
5.6
5.9
4.5
5.8
2.7
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.5
3.3
3.6
3.0
4.0
4.2
4.1
3.0
2.0

4.9
5.3
5.4
3.9
5.6
2.7
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.1
2.3

3.5
3.0
2.9
2.2
3.2
2.2
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.8
2.6
2.9
2.3
2.9
4.1
4.2
2.1
1.0

4.1
4.2
3.8
3.5
4.6
2.8
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.8
3.1
3.4
2.6
3.2
4.0
4.0
2.6
1.5

41.3
42.1
40.9
39.8
42.4
40.6
42.6
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.2
43.9
39.1

41.0
42.5
40.9
40.3
42.7
40.2
41.7
40.8
41.1
40.4
40.1
41.1
39.0

41.2
42.5
40.9
40.4
43.0
40.3
41.7
41.4
41.5
41.1
39.9
41.3
39.0

40.5

2.9
2.8
2.8
2.3
3.9
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.5
1.0

2.7
2.6
2.5
2.1
3.4
1.9
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.7
1.2

2.7
2.8
2.6
2.1
3.8
2.0
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.8
3.1
2.4

2.8
3.0
2.6
2.1
3.9
2.2
2.8
3.0
3.2
2.6
2.6
3.2
1.8

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38

3841
3842
385
386
387

41.2
42.1
41.2
40.2
43.9
40.3
42.8
40.1
40.1
39.7
41.0
42.9
39.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.4
38.0
37.6
39.3
39.4
37.7
40.6
40.6
38.3
36.6
39.8
39.6

39.6
38.2
38.0
39.5
39.9
38.4
40.9
40.3
38.8
37.7
39.9
39.4

39.2
37.5
36.7
39.7
39.1
38.4
39.6
40.6
39.5
39.9
39.4
40.0

39.4
37.8
37.3
40.0
39.6
38.3
40.5
40.5
39.5
39.9
39.5
40.2

38.1

2.4
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.5
1.5
3.2
2.9
2.1
1.9
2.6
2.7

2.3
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.4
1.3
3.1
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.8

2.2
1.1
.9
2.2
2.4
1.9
2.8
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.8

2.3
1.3
1.1
2.3
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.6
3.0

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

39.9
39.9
39.2
40.1
40.9
38.0
40.9
39.7
41.7
39.8
41.9
38.4
39.2
44.0
44.3
43.0
38.9
38.1
41.0

40.1
40.0
39.6
40.8
40.4
38.3
41.2
40.1
41.7
39.3
41.1
38.7
39.1
43.7
43.9
42.6
39.0
38.6
40.2

39.6
39.8
38.8
39.6
40.0
37.8
40.7
38.3
41.4
39.6
42.7
39.1
38.6
43.7
46.5
42.6
39.7
39.3
40.8

39.7
40.0
39.1
40.2
40.9
37.9
41.1
39.2
41.6
39.2
40.1
38.9
38.6
43.9
46.1
42.8
39.8
39.3
41.0

39.0
39.6

3.6
3.8
3.5
4.1
4.4
2.8
4.1
3.7
4.4
3.7
5.3
3.1
3.0
6.0
5.4
6.1
3.4
3.5
3.2

3.5
3.8
3.7
4.5
4.1
2.9
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.8
3.3
3.0
5.6
5.4
5.7
3.5
3.8
2.8

3.3
3.7
3.3
3.8
4.2
2.6
4.2
3.5
4.6
3.7
5.8
3.1
3.1
4.9
6.1
5.3
3.9
4.0
3.7

3.4
3.8
3.5
4.3
4.5
2.7
4.4
3.5
4.7
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
5.0
5.8
'5.4
4.1
4.0
4.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

96




381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

Apr.
1990 p

2.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

$13.65 $13.60 $13.90 $14.04 $13.94 $591.05
14.28 14.20 14.33 14.61 14.45 631.18
16.43 16.42 16.71 16.98
737.71
11.76 11.60 12.46 12.69
512.74
13.30 13.19 13.12 13.45
587.86
9.43
9.67
9.67
9.46
381.92
14.11 14.09 14.66 14.68
605.32

$584.80
620.54
720.84
505.76
580.36
381.24
605.87

$576.85
590.40
693.47
498.40
543.17
375.20
627.45

$595.30 $565.96
623.85 589.56
721.65
516.48
582.39
387.77
629.77

$14.35 $14.17 $14.70 $14.68
12.93 12.95 13.34 13.38
10.48 10.41 10.71 10.76
11.72 11.64 11.81 11.88
8.64
8.77
8.76
8.65
12.62 12.76 13.23 13.06
13.54 13.59 14.19 14.19

$612.75
562.46
427.58
487.55
344.27
536.35
582.22

$610.73
558.15
425.77
481.90
348.19
544.85
576.22

$626.22
576.29
426.26
477.12
339.40
537.14
607.33

$629.77
579.35
435.78
488.27
344.27
545.91
601.66

$10.42 .,10.27 $10.58 $10.66
9.07
9.40
9.23
9.29

$412.63 $411.83 $413.68 $422.14
351.16 353.73 346.13 361.90

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1990p

10.17
11.35
9.93
9.36
9.45
10.10
11.14
9.22
9.40
9.01
7.66
13.47
7.43

10.17
11.38
9.96
9.38
9.57
10.04
11.18
9.18
9.31
9.00
7.65
13.41
7.46

10.55
11.92
10.29
9.33
9.98
10.65
11.83
9.50
9.55
9.41
8.17
14.12
7.58

10.56
11.86
10.33
9.30
10.04
10.73
11.86
9.55
9.66
9.42
8.14
14.14
7.62

10.57 419.00
477.84
409.12
376.27
414.86
407.03
476.79
369.72
376.94
357.70
314.06
577.86
291.26

420.02
479.10
407.36
373.32
405.77
407.62
476.27
373.63
378.92
364.50
307.53
588.70
291.69

432.55
506.60
420.86
376.00
426.15
428.13
493.31
387.60
392.51
380.16
327.62
580.33
295.62

435.07
504.05
422.50
375.72
431.72
432.42
494.56
395.37
400.89
387.16
324.79
583.98
297.18

428.09

8.23
8.82
8.84
8.10
7.50
7.47
7.52
8.10
6.98
6.51
8.99
9.19

8.21
8.85
8.89
8.17
7.47
7.39
7.52
8.03
6.99
6.55
8.98
9.21

8.58
9.22
9.20
8.51
7.84
7.82
7.86
8.80
7.00
6.34
9.38
9.76

8.59
9.25
9.22
8.49
7.89
7.91
7.87
8.83
7.10
6.44
9.35
9.79

8.59 324.26
335.16
332.38
318.33
295.50
281.62
305.31
328.86
267.33
238.27
357.80
363.92

325.12
338.07
337.82
322.72
298.05
283.78
307.57
323.61
271.21
246.94
358.30
362.87

336.34
345.75
337.64
337.85
306.54
300.29
311.26
357.28
276.50
252.97
369.57
390.40

338.45
349.65
343.91
339.60
312.44
302.95
318.74
357.62
280.45
256.96
369.33
393.56

327.28

9.66
9.33
7.70
8.52
9.15
6.52
10.02
9.37
10.44
8.74
10.88
8.88
7.85
11.24
10.84
8.73
10.43
10.39
10.52

9.65
9.32
7.69
8.48
9.14
6.55
10.05
9.30
10.52
8.75
10.71
8.84
7.98
11.25
10.91
8.79
10.41
10.39
10.46

9.96
9.48
7.80
8.54
9.24
6.75
10.43
9.66
10.75
8.98
10.93
9.23
8.11
11.14
10.60
8.94
10.71
10.68
10.78

10.02
9.57
7.89
8.68
9.32
6.81
10.41
9.61
10.78
9.03
10.81
9.30
8.22
11.17
10.60
8.98
10.74
10.68
10.90

10.10 385.43
9.61 372.27
301.84
341.65
374.24
247.76
409.82
371.99
435.35
347.85
455.87
340.99
307.72
494.56
480.21
375.39
405.73
395.86
431.32

386.97
372.80
304.52
345.98
369.26
250.87
414.06
372.93
438.68
343.88
440.18
342.11
312.02
491.63
478.95
374.45
405.99
401.05
420.49

394.42
377.30
302.64
338.18
369.60
255.15
424.50
369.98
445.05
355.61
466.71
360.89
313.05
486.82
492.90
380.84
425.19
419.72
439.82

397.79
382.80
308.50
348.94
381.19
258.10
427.85
376.71
448.45
353.98
433.48
361.77
317.29
490.36
488.66
384.34
427.45
419.72
446.90

393.90
380.56

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

3.4
6.4
2.5
5.2
3.6
6.1
2.8
3.5

2.8
3.8
2.2
5.1
3.9
5.8
3.5
3.6

3.6
7.1
2.6
4.5
3.7
6.2
2.7
3.7

3.1
5.0
2.4
4.7
4.2
6.9
3.4
4.2

209

40.2
43.7
38.7
43.4
41.1
44.0
39.6
37.8

39.4
42.2
37.8
43.4
41.4
43.6
40.5
38.4

40.5
45.0
39.1
42.5
40.6
42.5
39.7
38.0

39.8
41.7
38.7
42.6
41.2
43.4
40.4
39.0

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

36.3
36.4

38.1
38.4

37.7
38.0

38.8
39.1

37.9

1.5

1.8
1.9

2.0
2.1

2.1
2.3

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281

41.2
41.6
41.3
41.3
42.3
40.2
38.6
39.5
39.9
40.0
42.0
43.3
43.3
43.2
41.6
41.0
41.4
39.3
41.7

39.9
40.4
40.7
39.7
40.8
38.0
38.3
37.2
37.0
38.5
39.0
41.1
41.4
40.6
42.3
39.9
40.5
36.6
41.3

39.8
39.6
40.5
40.3
40.4
38.2
37.7
36.6
37.5
38.6
40.5
41.7
41.7
42.2
41.8
39.5
40.0
36.7
41.6

38.6

229

41.0
41.2
40.9
41.6
42.3
39.8
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.4
41.4
42.6
42.7
42.4
41.4
41.0
41.2
39.1
42.1

4.0
4.3
4.0
3.4
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.2
3.5
2.3
4.6
5.0
4.4
5.1
4.0
4.1
4.4
2.3
4.0

4.1
4.6
4.2
3.3
4.1
3.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
2.3
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.4
4.1
4.0
4.3
2.5
3.9

3.5
4.0
3.5
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
1.9
2.9
2.1
3.2
4.4
4.4
4.1
4.5
3.8
4.2
2.1
3.7

3.5
3.8
3.6
3.2
2.4
2.7
2.4
1.6
3.1
1.7
3.6
4.9
4.7
5.2
4.5
3.7
4.0
2.3
3.9

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

36.9
36.1
36.9
36.7
36.3
36.3
35.9
36.1
35.5
35.7
36.0
37.6
37.9
36.1
35.4
34.1
38.1
38.9
38.2
38.0
42.6

37.1
36.2
37.1
37.2
36.4
36.8
35.7
36.0
35.1
36.0
35.9
37.6
37.8
36.4
36.3
35.0
37.9
39.5
39.3
38.7
42.0

36.4
34.7
36.2
36.5
35.4
35.6
35.4
35.5
34.3
35.3
35.9
36.8
37.1
35.2
36.7
36.8
36.9
38.1
36.1
38.5
39.5

36.2
34.8
35.9
36.1
35.2
35.7
35.1
35.3
33.9
35.2
35.5
37.0
37.2
36.0
35.9
35.5
36.6
38.4
36.7
37.6
40.8

34.8

2.0
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
2.5
2.9
2.1
2.4
5.8

1.9
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.5
17
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
3.1
2.5
2.5
5.5

1.5
.7
1.2
1.1
1.7
1.0
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.9
2.2
1.0
2.1
1.4
1.9
3.0

1.5
.7
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
1.1
2.3
1.5
1.5
3.7

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

43.0
45.3
45.5
44.2
41.5
43.8
41.2
40.9
42.2
42.5
42.8
39.9

43.1
45.4
45.6
44.2
41.5
43.7
40.6
40.5
42.4
42.0
43.0
41.8

42.7
44.9
45.1
44.8
41.6
42.6
42.5
41.0
41.5
41.4
41.9
41.6

42.9
45.0
45.2
44.4
41.6
43.5
41.9
41.0
42.0
41.5
42.4
43.2

42.3

4.9
6.6
6.8
6.4
3.7
4.1
2.8
3.9
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.4

4.9
6.5
6.6
6.4
3.6
4.1
2.8
3.6
4.4
4.3
4.8
4.4

4.7
6.3
6.4
6.8
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8

4.7
6.2
6.3
6.8
3.7
4.4
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2

Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
See footnotes at end of table.

98




206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

2282

Apr.
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

$398.38
512.16
339.01
417.94
529.37
794.20
403.92
329.24

$392.42
492.05
331.51
418.38
530.33
780.00
415.53
333.31

$405.81
519.30
347.21
415.65
538.76
781.15
417.64
336.30

$406.76

604.65
696.19

591.89
729.60

639.04
754.24

$655.67

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990p

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.91
11.72
8.76
9.63
12.88
18.05
10.20
8.71

$9.96 $10.02 $10.22
11.66 11.54 11.71
8.77
8.88
9.18
9.64
9.78
9.95
12.81 13.27 13.42
17.89 18.38 18.88
10.26 10.52 10.54
8.68
8.85
8.97

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

15.34
18.21

15.87
18.13

15.70
19.20

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.59
7.90
8.20
8.20
7.15
6.88
6.83
6.67
6.46
6.77
7.78
8.03
8.01
8.43
7.86
7.31
7.32
7.33
8.53

7.60
7.96
8.22
8.41
7.12
6.85
6.78
6.66
6.39
6.82
7.75
8.06
8.04
8.39
7.84
7.33
7.33
7.34
8.59

7.92
8.21
8.46
8.43
7.20
7.24
6.87
6.88
7.09
7.35
7.93
8.30
8.25
8.66
8.23
7.67
7.68
7.75
8.85

7.94
8.20
8.50
8.51
7.26
7.28
6.80
6.90
7.15
7.43
7.98
8.34
8.27
8.72
8.27
7.65
7.66
7.78
8.82

7.94 311.19
325.48
335.38
341.12
302.45
273.82
266.37
260.13
254.52
266.74
322.09
342.08
342.03
357.43
325.40
299.71
301.58
286.60
359.11

313.12
331.14
339.49
347.33
301.18
275.37
261.71
263.07
254.96
272.80
325.50
349.00
348.13
362.45
326.14
300.53
303.46
288.46
358.20

316.01
331.68
344.32
334.67
293.76
275.12
263.12
255.94
262.33
282.98
309.27
341.13
341.55
351.60
348.13
306.03
311.04
283.65
365.51

316.01
324.72
344.25
342.95
293.30
278.10
256.36
252.54
268.13
286.80
323.19
347.78
344.86
367.98
345.69
302.18
306.40
285.53
366.91

306.48

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.34
7.07
5.79
5.68
5.59
5.72
6.10
5.33
6.58
6.27
6.05
5.94
5.77
6.84
5.65
5.68
6.14
7.60
6.26
6.36
11.67

6.32
7.05
5.77
5.67
5.59
5.69
6.05
5.26
6.48
6.30
6.01
5.90
5.75
6.71
5.64
5.67
6.11
7.62
6.29
6.35
11.81

6.45
7.25
6.00
5.98
5.62
5.89
6.17
5.47
6.48
6.84
6.07
6.10
5.94
6.92
5.78
5.78
6.36
7.62
6.41
6.56
11.16

6.54
7.38
6.03
6.01
5.74
5.88
6.19
5.52
6.60
6.60
6.11
6.14
5.98
6.97
5.80
5.78
6.36
7.82
6.45
6.56
11.60

6.58 233.95
255.23
213.65
208.46
202.92
207.64
218.99
192.41
233.59
223.84
217.80
223.34
218.68
246.92
200.01
193.69
233.93
295.64
239.13
241.68
497.14

234.47
255.21
214.07
210.92
203.48
209.39
215.99
189.36
227.45
226.80
215.76
221.84
217.35
244.24
204.73
198.45
231.57
300.99
247.20
245.75
496.02

234.78
251.58
217.20
218.27
198.95
209.68
218.42
194.19
222.26
241.45
217.91
224.48
220.37
243.58
212.13
212.70
234.68
290.32
231.40
252.56
440.82

236.75
256.82
216.48
216.96
202.05
209.92
217.27
194.86
223.74
232.32
216.91
227.18
222.46
250.92
208.22
205.19
232.78
300.29
236.72
246.66
473.28

228.98

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.84
14.56
14.60
14.56
10.29
11.38
9.66
9.51
10.12
10.58
10.29
9.78

11.83
14.58
14.61
14.51
10.30
11.48
9.72
9.43
10.09
10.50
10.26
9.93

12.12
14.98
14.97
14.97
10.57
11.97
9.89
9.79
10.21
10.81
10.26
9.93

12.12
14.96
14.94
14.98
10.59
11.96
9.98
9.84
10.25
10.84
10.36
9.86

12.26 509.12
659.57
664.30
643.55
427.04
498.44
397.99
388.96
427.06
449.65
440.41
390.22

509.87
661.93
666.22
641.34
427.45
501.68
394.63
381.92
427.82
441.00
441.18
415.07

517.52
672.60
675.15
670.66
439.71
509.92
420.33
401.39
423.72
447.53
429.89
413.09

519.95
673.20
675.29
665.11
440.54
520.26
418.16
403.44
430.50
449.86
439.26
425.95

518.60

Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

:..

16.47 $17.30 556.84
19.29
662.84

488.31
355.27
423.87

552.90
819.39
425.82
349.83

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing.
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275

2751
2752
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

37.9
33.0
37.7
39.9
39.4
40.7
36.8
39.4
38.9
39.4
40.8
38.6
38.6

37.8
33.0
37.8
39.6
39.4
39.9
36.3
39.2
39.1
39.1
40.8
38.4
38.9

37.6
32.6
38.6
38.6
3S.0
37.9
37.1
38.8
38.3
38.8
42.0
37.1
39.2

37.9
32.8
38.0
39.5
39.8
39.0
37.0
39.4
38.9
39.3
41.4
37.2
39.2

37.1

3.1
1.3
2.9
3.9
3.7
4.2
2.2
3.7
3.0
4.0
3.4
3.0
4.2

2.9
1.2
3.0
3.7
3.3
4.4
1.8
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.9

2.8
1.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.6
1.9
3.4
2.9
3.5
3.4
2.2
3.9

3.0
1.2
3.2
3.5
3.2
4.0
1.9
3.7
3.2
3.8
3.0
2.3
4.3

42.3
42.8
42.8
43.2
43.8
43.1
41.0
40.5
40.2
42.7
40.8
38.5
41.5
45.0
43.5
45.4
43.1
42.0

42.5
43.0
42.7
43.1
43.9
42.9
41.8
41.2
39.9
42.3
40.8
38.1
41.4
45.3
44.1
45.6
44.5
42.1

42.2
42.3
42.3
42.0
43.4
40.5
42.0
42.1
40.7
41.6
41.5
39.7
41.6
44.0
44.9
43.8
43.5
42.3

42.4
42.6
42.4
42.4
43.8
41.1
41.3
41.4
41.1
42.4
41.5
40.0
41.7
44.5
44.6
44.5
44.3
42.8

42.6

4.2
4.2
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.7
3.5
3.5
2.9
4.9
3.1
1.8
3.3
5.8
4.6
6.1
5.1
3.8

4.2
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.3
4.6
3.5
3.5
2.7
4.5
2.9
1.5
3.4
6.0
5.5
6.1
5.9
3.6

4.1
4.1
4.1
4.7
5.2
4.0
3.8
3.8
2.9
4.1
2.9
2.1
3.4
5.2
6.5
4.8
5.0
3.7

4.3
4.4
4.3
4.9
5.4
4.5
3.7
3.7
3.0
4.3
2.9
2.3
3.5
5.3
5.8
5.2
5.8
4.0

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.2
43.5
42.4

44.3
44.7
44.0

43.9
44.1
44.8

44.4
44.5
45.6

44.9

5.3
5.4
5.5

5.8
5.9
6.2

5.0
4.7
7.1

5.8
5.6
8.1

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.5
44.9
39.5

41.5
44.7
40.1

41.0
43.8
43.1

41.2
43.4
41.3

40.0

4.1
6.1
1.9

4.0
6.0
1.7

3.5
4.9
3.8

3.7
4.9
2.2

303,4
306
307

43.2
41.0
41.1

42.4
41.1
41.1

43.0
41.1
40.5

43.6
41.5
40.8

4.5
3.3
4.0

4.1
3.3
3.9

3.0
3.3

5.1
3.3
3.6

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144

37.4
41.8
36.7
36.8
36.9
40.1
35.1

37.8
41.6
37.4
37.3
37.5
39.9
35.6

37.3
42.1
36.2
35.9
36.1
40.3
36.8

37.3
42.3
36.3
36.6
35.7
37.6
37.3

36.1

1.8
4.8
1.4
1.2
1.9
2.3
1.4

1.8
4.3
1.4
1.1
2.0
2.3
1.4

1.7
4.3
1.1
.8
1.3
2.6
2.5

1.8
4.1
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6

39.2

39.8

39.0

39.2

39.5

316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

45.1

47.0

44.3

44.8

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

33.7
37.8
39.2

34.2
38.3
40.2

33.3
38.2
39.4

33.0
38.0
35.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.0
38.0
38.9

38.2
38.2
39.1

37.8
37.7
39.3

38.0
37.9
39.4

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

41.2

42.4

41.2

43.0

See footnotes at end of table.

100




Apr.
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

$10.79 $10.73 $11.09 $11.13 $11.10 $408.94
11.14
10.71
354.09
10.73
11.12
11.44
11.93
426.01
12.03
11.30
9.74
374.66
9.39
9.39
9.78
9.41
355.78
8.94
9.03
9.43
10.27
10.09
404.56
9.94
10.34
10.10
375.36
10.05
10.12
10.20
11.44
10.98
11.37
436.55
11.08
11.07
10.68
413.12
10.62
11.02
11.59
11.10
444.43
11.28
11.51
11.43
11.20
11.58
459.41
11.26
8.78
8.60
8.71
332.73
8.62
13.50
13.86
520.71
13.49
13.60

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

$405.59
353.43
432.43
371.84
352.24
402.59
364.82
430.42
417.59
434.01
456.96
330.24
525.15

$416.98
362.51
464.36
377.51
367.77
391.89
375.45
441.16
422.07
446.59
486.36
323.14
533.12

$421.83 $411.81
365.39
453.34
384.73
374.52
400.53
373.70
450.74
430.62
455.49
473.20
326.62
543.31

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

12.91
14.05
14.08
13.24
14.20
12.46
12.47
12.34
11.13
14.86
10.27
9.34
11.58
15.38
15.16
15.44
12.49
11.72

12.92
14.17
14.22
13.27
14.24
12.49
12.32
12.22
11.14
14.83
10.32
9.34
11.58
15.43
15.19
15.49
12.35
11.78

13.24
14.45
14.57
13.64
14.45
13.06
12.67
12.64
11.56
15.31
10.20
9.89
11.80
15.66
16.06
15.54
13.01
11.97

13.29
14.47
14.56
13.74
14.41
13.27
12.72
12.67
11.60
15.44
10.28
9.88
11.85
15.66
15.96
15.58
13.07
12.04

13.44 546.09
601.34
602.62
571.97
621.96
537.03
511.27
499.77
447.43
634.52
419.02
359.59
480.57
692.10
659.46
700.98
538.32
492.24

549.10
609.31
607.19
571.94
625.14
535.82
514.98
503.46
444.49
627.31
421.06
355.85
479.41
698.98
669.88
706.34
549.58
495.94

558.73
611.24
616.31
572.88
627.13
528.93
532.14
532.14
470.49
636.90
423.30
392.63
490.88
689.04
721.09
680.65
565.94
506.33

563.50
616.42
617.34
582.58
631.16
545.40
525.34
524.54
476.76
654.66
426.62
395.20
494.15
696.87
711.82
693.31
579.00
515.31

572.54

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

15.46
16.65
11.65

15.50
16.76
11.81

15.92
17.14
12.20

16.06
17.32
12.37

16.34 667.87
724.28
493.96

686.65
749.17
519.64

698.89
755.87
546.56

713.06
770.74
564.07

733.67

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.33
14.92
6.46

9.35
15.01
6.42

9.59
15.02
6.58

9.63
15.16
6.57

9.59 387.20
669.91
255.17

388.03
670.95
257.44

393.19
657.88
283.60

396.76
657.94
271.34

383.60

303,4
306
307

9.34
8.80
8.67

9.35
8.83
8.68

9.87
9.09
8.96

9.94
9.16
8.98

403.49
360.80
356.34

396.44
362.91
356.75

424.41
373.60
362.88

433.38
380.14
366.38

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

6.54
8.76
6.25
6.66
5.94
6.44
5.81

6.55
8.71
6.26
6.69
5.91
6.60
5.83

6.82
8.95
6.51
7.02
6.05
6.84
6.04

6.84
8.90
6.56
7.05
6.06
6.81
6.05

6.98 244.60
366.17
229.38
245.09
219.19
258.24
203.93

247.59
362.34
234.12
249.54
221.63
263.34
207.55

254.39
376.80
235.66
252.02
218.41
275.65
222.27

255.13
376.47
238.13
258.03
216.34
256.06
225.67

251.98

12.46

12.51

12.85

12.81

12.86 488.43

497.90

501.15

502.15

507.97

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

15.25

15.33

16.55

16.30

687.78

720.51

733.17

730.24

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

8.69
9.48
11.63

8.70
9.57
11.53

9.06
9.79
11.82

8.90
9.80
10.64

292.85
358.34
455.90

297.54
366.53
463.51

301.70
373.98
465.71

293.70
372.40
377.72

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

11.23
11.38
9.27

11.30
11.47
9.19

11.64
11.81
9.42

11.67
11.84
9.41

426.74
432.44
360.60

431.66
438.15
359.33

439.99
445.24
370.21

443.46
448.74
370.75

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

16.08

16.33

16.66

16.60

662.50

692.39

686.39

713.80

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculiural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

48
481
483

39.1
40.6
35.1

39.2
40.6
35.5

39.4
41.1
34.8

39.3
41.0
34.7

49
491
492

41.6
41.8
41.3
42.0
41.4

41.9
42.1
41.9
42.2
41.6

41.8
41.8
41.9
42.4
41.3

41.7
41.6
42.0
42.2
41.6

37.9

38.2

37.8

37.9

38.7
37.6
37.7
39.7
35.6
40.6
38.4
38.7
39.2
38.5

38.3
37.6
36.4
38.9
35.5
39.9
38.2
38.5
38.7
37.6

38.4
37.7
37.0
39.2
35.9
40.3
38.4
38.6
38.7
37.7

493

495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
509

38.4
37.2
37.3
39.2
35.5
40.3
38.1
38.3
38.9
38.6

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

37.0
37.0
36.8
36.3
37.5
39.6
38.0
36.0
36.3

37.4
37.3
36.8
36.0
37.7
39.9
38.6
36.2
37.0

37.0
37.2
37.1
36.7
37.4
39.1
38.0
36.0
36.3

37.1
37.3
37.3
36.6
37.5
39.6
37.9
36.3
36.3

28.5

28.9

28.3

28.5

508

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

35.7
37.5
31.8

36.2
38.0
32.1

35.6
37.4
31.5

35.7
37.7
31.7

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

26.9
26.7
27.5
28.0

27.1
26.8
27.8
28.7

26.6
26.4
27.9
27.6

27.5
27.3
28.0
28.3

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.4
29.5
28.6

29.7
29.8
29.2

29.0
29.1
28.8

29.1
29.2
28.8

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

35.9
36.9
38.0
33.5

36.3
37.2
38.5
33.8

35.9
36.9
37.6
33.5

36.1
37.1
38.0
33.7

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.4
28.1
24.2
26.2
28.8

26.7
28.5
24.8
26.8
28.7

26.1
27.5
23.1
26.1
29.4

26.8
27.7
23.7
26.9
30.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

32.4
33.1
33.4
31.0

32.9
33.5
33.5
31.6

32.5
33.2
33.5
30.9

32.6
33.3
33.2
31.2

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.1

25.6

24.8

25.0

See footnotes at end of table.

102




Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

38.1

29.0

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516

509

517
518

519

Retail trade

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990 p

$12.95 $13.01 $13.30 $13.27
13.65 13.70 13.99 13.95
11.81 12.04 12.35 12.33

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

$506.35 $509.99 $524.02 $521.51
554.19 556.22 574.99 571.95
414.53 427.42 429.78 427.85

14.62
14.83
13.58
17.15
11.18

14.70
14.93
13.58
17.24
11.30

15.02
15.58
14.10
16.99
11.33

15.07
15.75
13.98
16.98
11.38

608.19
619.89
560.85
720.30
462.85

615.93
628.55
569.00
727.53
470.08

627.84
651.24
590.79
720.38
467.93

628.42
655.20
587.16
716.56
473.41

10.21

10.36

10.66

10.65 $10.76 386.96

395.75

402.95

403.64

10.43
9.46
9.60
9.86
9.27
10.74
10.85
9.79
11.20
8.29

10.61
9.68
9.64
10.02
9.63
10.90
11.06
9.99
11.37
8.41

10.96
10.05
10.14
10.39
10.52
11.28
11.16
10.29
11.75
8.55

10.95
10.03
10.05
10.29
10.64
11.22
11.23
10.28
11.75
8.61

400.51
351.91
358.08
386.51
329.09
432.82
413.39
374.96
435.68
319.99

410.61
363.97
363.43
397.79
342.83
442.54
424.70
386.61
445.70
323.79

419.77
377.88
369.10
404.17
373.46
450.07
426.31
396.17
454.73
321.48

420.48
378.13
371.85
403.37
381.98
452.17
431.23
396.81
454.73
324.60

9.89
10.80
11.10
9.85
10.06
12.51
9.80
11.38
8.11

9.98
10.93
11.53
9.96
10.11
12.60
9.96
11.54
8.16

10.22
11.28
11.77
10.21
10.30
12.58
10.02
11.70
8.47

10.21
11.27
11.59
10.17
10.32
12.45
10.04
11.89
8.43

365.93
399.60
408.48
357.56
377.25
495.40
372.40
409.68
294.39

373.25
407.69
424.30
358.56
381.15
502.74
384.46
417.75
301.92

378.14
419.62
436.67
374.71
385.22
491.88
380.76
421.20
307.46

378.79
420.37
432.31
372.22
387.00
493.02
380.52
431.61
306.01

6.48

6.52

6.73

6.75

184.68

188.43

190.46

192.38

6.77

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.62
8.01
6.37

7.64
8.05
6.35

7.91
8.25
6.65

7.88
8.22
6.63

272.03
300.38
202.57

276.57
305.90
203.84

281.60
308.55
209.48

281.32
309.89
210.17

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.64
6.89
5.32
5.63

6.74
7.01
5.30
5.66

6.98
7.25
5.54
5.91

7.06
7.33
5.55
5.96

178.62
183.96
146.30
157.64

182.65
187.87
147.34
162.44

185.67
191.40
154.57
163.12

194.15
200.11
155.40
168.67

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.15
7.25
6.13

7.17
7.28
5.97

7.30
7.40
6.25

7.31
7.40
6.26

210.21
213.88
175.32

212.95
216.94
174.32

211.70
215.34
180.00

212.72
216.08
180.29

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

8.39
5.88

8.60
10.49
7.46
5.94

8.75
10.63
7.70
6.14

8.81
10.73
7.69
6.15

301.20
373.80
278.54
196.98

312.18
390.23
287.21
200.77

314.13
392.25
289.52
205.69

318.04
398.08
292.22
207.26

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.89
7.12
5.58
5.81
5.97

5.96
7.35
5.62
5.92
6.02

6.17
7.50
5.90
6.15
6.02

6.17
7.52
5.86
6.12
6.10

155.50
200.07
135.04
152.22
171.94

159.13
209.48
139.38
158.66
172.77

161.04
206.25
136.29
160.52
176.99

165.36
208.30
138.88
164.63
184.22

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

8.03
8.09
8.03
7.93

8.10
8.15
8.21
7.97

8.30
8.32
8.55
8.20

8.34
8.30
8.43
8.40

260.17
267.78
268.20
245.83

266.49
273.03
275.04
251.85

269.75
276.22
286.43
253.38

271.88
276.39
279.88
262.08

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.69

4.69

4.87

4.88

117.72

120.06

120.78

122.00

10.13
7.33

Apr.
1990 p

$409.96

196.33

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

29.4
27.0
27.9
32.3
38.6
31.3

29.6
27.0
28.2
32.5
38.1
31.6

29.6
26.9
27.9
32.2
37.9
32.8

29.3
27.0
27.8
32.6
37.9
30.3

35.8

36.3

35.8

35.6

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

35.5
35.4

36.2
36.2

35.8
35.7

35.3
35.2

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
614

36.4
35.6
36.1

37.1
36.3
36.6

36.3
35.6
36.3

36.1
35.6
36.1

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.2
37.0
38.0
37.0

37.4
37.2
38.1
37.2

37.3
37.2
38.3
37.0

37.2
37.1
38.0
37.0

32.4

32.8

32.5

32.5

612

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

30.8

31.5

30.4

30.5

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.0
30.0

34.2
30.3

34.0
29.0

34.0
29.4

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.6
36.8
29.5
37.9

33.9
37.2
30.0
38.1

33.5
36.8
29.1
37.9

33.7
36.6
29.3
37.9

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.7
38.2

36.6
38.0

36.3
37.9

36.6
38.0

76

37.7

37.9

37.3

37.3

78
781

28.9
35.6

28.6
35.4

29.5
36.2

30.1
36.8

79

27.5

27.7

28.1

27.9

80
801
802
805
806

32.2
31.1
28.3
31.3
33.8

32.5
31.7
28.9
31.9
33.8

32.4
31.6
28.2
31.6
34.1

32.5
31.6
28.4
31.5
34.1

81

34.5

35.2

34.9

34.8

89
891

38.8
39.1
39.3

39.5
39.4
40.6

38.7
39.1
38.9

38.9
39.1
39.6

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.

104




893

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1990p

36.2

32.7

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591

594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

$6.78
6.41
6.38
7.63
9.47
6.88

$6.79
6.43
6.39
7.70
9.36
6.92

$7.02
6.65
6.61
7.84
9.90
7.10

9.43

9.59

9.90

Mar.
1990p

$7.07
6.67
6.66
7.89
9.90
7.20

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

$199.33
173.07
178.00
246.45
365.54
215.34

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

$200.98 $207.79 $207.15
173.61 178.89 180.09

180.20
250.25
356.62

184.42
252.45

185.15

218.67

375.21
232.88

257.21
375.21
218.16

9.87 $10.00 337.59

348.12

354.42

351.37

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

8.18
7.80

8.30
7.92

8.60
8.14

8.53
8.06

290.39
276.12

300.46
286.70

307.88
290.60

301.11
283.71

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61

8.50
8.05
8.11

8.63
8.11
8.21

9.04
8.38
8.33

9.02
8.38
8.36

309.40
286.58
292.77

320.17
294.39
300.49

328.15
298.33
302.38

325.62
298.33
301.80

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

10.50
9.88
10.16
11.23

10.62
9.98
10.34
11.31

10.98
10.21
10.67
11.77

11.01
10.26
10.62
11.83

390.60
365.56
386.08
415.51

397.19
371.26
393.95
420.73

409.55
379.81
408.66
435.49

409.57
380.65
403.56
437.71

9.29

9.34

9.75

9.75

9.81 301.00

306.35

316.88

316.88

612
614

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.63

6.61

6.88

6.89

204.20

208.22

209.15

210.15

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.50
6.81

6.53
6.77

6.72
6.85

6.73
7.07

221.00
204.30

223.33
205.13

228.48
198.65

228.82
207.86

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

9.48
12.75
6.98
13.81

9.60
13.30

9.95
13.27

9.92
13.40

7.09
14.03

7.05
14.67

7.11
14.57

318.53
469.20
205.91
523.40

325.44
494.76
212.70
534.54

333.33
488.34
205.16
555.99

334.30
490.44
208.32
552.20

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

8.28
9.16

8.34
9.22

8.61
9.52

8.63
9.55

303.88
349.91

305.24
350.36

312.54
360.81

315.86
362.90

76

9.77

9.86

10.17

10.23

368.33

373.69

379.34

381.58

78
781

12.82
16.45

12.32
15.72

12.95
16.29

13.39
17.00

370.50
585.62

352.35
556.49

382.03
589.70

403.04
625.60

79

8.09

8.08

8.23

8.20

222.48

223.82

231.26

228.78

80
801
802
805
806

9.65
9.16
9.37
6.65
10.99

9.68
9.24
9.38
6.67
11.03

10.21
9.65
9.96
7.07
11.59

10.22
9.65
9.98
7.09
11.60

310.73
284.88
265.17
208.15
371.46

314.60
292.91
271.08
212.77
372.81

330.80
304.94
280.87
223.41
395.22

332.15
304.94
283.43
223.34
395.56

81

13.23

13.44

13.85

13.81

456.44

473.09

483.37

480.59

89
891
893

12.83
13.90
10.89

13.09
14.09
11.21

13.51
14.57
11.56

13.47
14.51
11.59

497.80
543.49
427.98

517.06
555.15
455.13

522.84
569.69
449.68

523.98
567.34
458.96

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Apr.
1990p

$362.00

320.79

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

105

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
*'lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and waige programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Feb.
1989

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Feb.
1989

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$14.73

$14.73

$15.44

$15.48

$14.01

$14.04

$14.58

$14.55

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

15.16

15.16

16.07

16.11

14.41

14.45

14.83

14.80

preliminary.

106




BST ABUfirfMBNT DATA
EARNINGS
MOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing, payrolls
Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990 p

Apr.
1990p

$9.94

$9.95

$10.24

$10.29

$10.39

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
,
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..,
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.43
8.32
7.86
10.04
11.54
9.99
10.69
9.93
12.89
9.82
7.98

10.44
8.39
7.88
10.10
11.54
10.02
10.72
9.95
12.87
9.85
7.98

10.72
8.61
8.15
10.31
11.95
10.23
11.00
10.17
13.34
10.22
8.34

10.76
8.67
8.17
10.36
11.97
10.28
11.04
10.20
13.39
10.21
8.34

10.86

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

9.24
8.90
15.03
7.24
6.17
11.19
10.36
12.30
14.57
8.89
6.38

9.25
8.90
15.51
7.24
6.17
11.20
10.33
12.31
14.55
8.92
6.40

9.56
9.06
15.29
7.58
6.32
11.49
10.69
12.63
15.07
9.20
6.66

9.61
9.13
16.03
7.60
6.40
11.49
10.71
12.65
15.07
9.21
6.69

$9.73

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




()

02

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are
subject to revision.

107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.56
4.82

$9.62
4.81

$9.91
4.77

$9.93
4.76

$9.97

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

13.15
6.63

13.19
6.60

13.30
6.41

13.39
6.42

$13.48

552.30
278.38

564.53
282.27

574.56
276.76

574.43
275.24

$582.34

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

13.26
6.68

13.30
6.65

13.42
6.46

13.47
6.45

$13.38

495.92
249.96

504.07
252.04

499.22
240.47

510.51
244.61

$500.41

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.41
5.25

10.41
5.21

10.66
5.13

10.74
5.15

$10.77
(*)

426.81
215.13

426.81
213.41

430.66
207.45

437.12
209.45

$427.57

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.46
6.28

12.51
6.26

12.85
6.19

12.81
6.14

$12.86

488.43
246.18

497.90
248.95

501.15
241.40

502.15
240.61

$507.97

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.21
5.15

10.36
5.18

10.66
5.13

10.65
5.10

$10.76

386.96
195.04

395.75
197.88

402.95
194.10

403.64
193.41

$409.96

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.48
3.27

6.52
3.26

6.73
3.24

6.75
3.23

$6.77

184.68
93.08

188.43
94.22

190.46
91.74

192.38
92.18

$196.33

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.43
4.75

9.59
4.80

9.90
4.77

9.87
4.73

$10.00

337.59
170.16

348.12
174.06

354.42
170.72

351.37
168.36

$362.00

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.29
4.68

9.34
4.67

9.75
4.70

9.75
4.67

$9.81

301.00
151.71

306.35
153.18

316.88
152.64

316.88
151.84

$320.79

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

108




Mar.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

Apr.
1990p

$328.86 $334.78 $339.91 $341.59 $343.97
165.76 167.39 163.73 163.68

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1989

1990

Industry
Apr.

Total private

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.1

Apr.p

34.9

34.6

34.6

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.6

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.6

41.3
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.8
39.4
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.7
41.3
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.5
4.0
39.6
39.5
42.3
43.0
43.2
41.5
42.4
40.6
42.6
42.6
41.4
39.3

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.5
42.9
43.4
41.5
42.2
40.9
42.7
43.0
41.1
39.4

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.2
42.8
42.9
41.6
42.3
41.1
42.8
43.4
41.0
39.2

40.8
3.7
41.2
3.8
40.4
39.2
42.3
42.5
42.8
41.5
42.0
40.9
41.2
42.9
41.1
39.3

40.7
3.7
41.2
3.7
40.3
39.4
42.4
42.6
43.0
41.4
42.1
40.8
40.9
42.3
41.0
39.7

40.6
3.6
41.2
3.6
40.1
39.2
41.5
42.5
42.8
41.2
42.0
40.5
41.9
42.2
40.9
39.3

40.7
3.7
41.3
3.7
40.5
39.8
42.2
42.5
43.2
41.1
42.1
40.8
41.4
40.8
41.0
39.4

40.7
3.6
41.3
3.6
39.8
39.5
42.1
42.3
42.8
41.3
42.2
41.1
41.5
41.2
41.0
39.5

40.8
3.7
41.4
3.7
40.3
39.2
41.9
42.5
42.9
41.7
42.0
41.1
42.1
42.2
41.1
39.4

40.6
3.5
41.2
3.5
40.3
39.2
42.1
41.7
42.9
41.1
41.7
40.9
42.0
41.4
41.4
39.1

40.4
3.8
40.7

40.2
3.7
40.5

40.3
3.6
40.7

40.2
3.6
40.8

40.1
3.6
40.8

(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1

0

40.0
3.6
40.5
2
()
40.5
36.7
43.3
37.8
42.7

39.9
3.5
40.6

(2)
40.7
36.9
43.4
37.8
42.4
(2)
41.4

39.9
3.6
40.6
2
()
40.2
36.3
43.1
37.6
42.7
(2)

39.9
3.5
40.5

(2)
40.9

(2)
40.2
36.6
43.0
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.1

(2)
40.0
36.2
43.2
37.8
42.4

(2)
41.5

(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.8
42.5
(2)
41.5

40.2
3.7
41.0
2
()

40.2
3.7
40.8

(2)
41.7
37.6
43.4
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.6

40.2
3.8
41.0
2
()
41.2
37.0
43.2
37.6
42.5
(2)
41.4

(2)
41.2

39.7
3.4
40.4
2
()
39.7
36.0
43.1
37.5
42.6
(2)
40.9

38.3

37.4

37.9

37.7

38.1

37.4

38.0

37.8

37.1

39.1

39.3

39.4

39.7

38.0

38.1

38.1

38.2

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.0

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.7

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

(2)
41.0
37.0
43.5
37.7
42.4
(2)
41.5

Transportation and public utilities

40.1

39.5

39.4

39.4

37.9

38.0

38.1

39.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
1

29.1
32.8

32.5

28.9

29.2

32.5

32.8

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




37.7
39.3

38.1

38.0

Retail trade

28.9

41.5
38.1
39.3

Wholesale trade

38.3

40.6
37.0
43.2
37.9
42.5
(2)

38.1
28.8

28.8
32.6

29.0
32.7

32.6

40.5
36.8
43.4
37.9
42.3

0
41.2

40.8
37.2

37.5

39.3

39.1

38.0

38.1

28.7

28.8
32.6

32.6

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1989

1990

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.p

Apr.1

Total private

128.7

127.6

128.1

129.2

128.5

128.9

129.2

129.1

128.8

129.5

130.2

130.3

130.2

Goods-producing

103.5

102.4

102.5

103.0

103.3

102/?

102.4

102.5

101.1

102.2

102.9

102.3

100.9

83.4

81.8

81.2

80.3

84.4

85.3

85.5

86.2

85.3

87.1

87.8

87.5

88.2

141.0

138.2

139.3

142.7

143.5

143.1

143.8

145.8

139.5

149.5

150.6

146.7

139.9

97.2

96.4

96.4

96.3

96.4

95.8

95.2

94.8

94.5

93.7

94.3

94.4

93.9

94.3

94.0
103.4
112.6
89.8
68.5
52.6
90.8

91.9
103.9
110.2
90.0
65.6
50.8
89.1
92.7

90.3
105.1
110.5
89.6
64.8
51.3

91.7
102.5
109.7

103.7

88.5

86.7

97.8
99.5
88.1
116.1
86.2

92.4
95.0

92.7
95.7

98.5
87.0

115.8
86.8

115.8

116.1

86.0

67.0
115.2
87.7

91.3
102.9
109.4
88.0
63.8
50.2
88.1
91.1
96.4
94.8
80.3
116.4

85.8

115.2
86.2

95.0
82.4
114.4
86.3

85.7

91.1
116.4

98.4
100.5
90.2
115.8

92.2
104.2
109.9
89.6
65.9
51.1
89.7
92.0
97.1
94.3
84.7

91.6
103.2
109.1
87.7
65.6
51.1

93.8

94.0
103.6
111.9
90.2
67.6
53.0
90.4
93.2
98.0
100.5
90.1

93.3
103.0
111.6

93.7

93.8
102.6
113.2
90.0
67.9
52.0
90.7
94.0
97.6
98.6
85.7
116.9
85.7

91.9

103.7
112.9
89.3
68.2
52.3
91.7

100.1
106.4
70.5
81.3
84.9

99.9
105.2
68.7
80.4
84.9

99.7
106.2
69.0
79.1
84.5

99.6
105.9
67.6
79.5
84.0

93.7
105.0

98.8
105.1

66.2
73.1
82.4

102.7

103.4
138.3
101.8
83.4

101.9
138.7

102.8
138.3
101.8
85.6

99.2
105.5
66.9
78.8
83.6
102.8
139.3
101.5
85.3

102.1

69.0
78.3
82.5
102.5

118.1

116.8

138.8
102.8
85.6
115.3

140.0
102.6
83.9
114.5

101.5
85.5
114.2

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

95.2
105.9
114.6
91.0

87.1

86.6

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

100.1
103.8
73.0
82.1

99.9
104.3
69.0

84.3

137.7
101.5
83.2

119.9

99.5
103.3
69.6
81.5
85.4
102.3
137.8
100.5
83.5
119.6

118.9

118.8

119.3

84.1
118.4

56.0

54.7

55.5

54.7

54.8

54.8

53.8

53.0

52.1

52.4

142.6

141.5

142.2

143.7

142.4

143.3

144.0

143.9

144.1

118.6

117.3

117.3

117.7

113.7

116.8

117.4

117.3

127.2

126.1

126.7

127.2

127.3

127.6

128.0

128.9

127.5

127.5

128.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
1

101.2

100.9
82.9

Transportation and public utilities

Retail trade

92.2
93.9
99.7

86.8
102.4
138.2

Service-producing

Wholesale trade

68.6
52.4

,

81.5
85.2

102.3
138.3
101.8




66.7
51.9

90.0
93.1
98.0

101.5

96.6
92.7
82.3

89.4
64.9
50.6
88.0

92.9
96.4
93.5
80.3

115.0
87.6

108.9
88.4
65.0
50.2
88.9
91.9
96.9
95.3
82.3
115.0
86.5

98.3
104.7
68.9
77.2
81.5

97.9
104.7

102.0

102.1

140.3

140.2
101.4
87.6

67.1
76.3

79.6

84.9

97.7
104.4
64.4
75.8

115.2

79.9
102.4
138.8
102.1
86.8
114.9

53.3

53.0

51.5

144.6

145.3

145.8

146.4

119.8

119.4

120.3

120.8

121.6

128.3

128.1

128.7

128.9

129.1

129.5

128.3

127.6

127.2

127.4

128.6

128.8

128.7

129.4

143.8

141.9

142.7

145.0

143.3

143.8

145.0

143.8

144.1

144.3

145.2

145.4

147.2

168.9

167.5

169.0

170.8

170.4

171.4

172.2

172.0

172.4

172.7

174.0

175.2

175.3

127.7

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

110

88.8

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1989

1990

Industry
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

$9.83

$9.83

$9.88

Mar.p

Apr.1

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime3
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

$9.61

$9.60

$9.62

$9.69

$9.69

$9.74

$9.78

$9.78

$9.92

$9.95

2

()
$13.33 $13.32 $13.32 $13.42 $13.37 $13.39 $13.44 $13.52 $13.60 $13.34 $13.43 $13.47 $13.39
10.76
10.40
10.72
10.65
10.55
10.61
10.57
10.55
10.55
10.52
10.48
10.45
10.42
10.27
10.21
10.10
10.15
10.11
10.08
10.08
10.05
10.01
9.99
9.97
10.37
9.92
12.85
12.82
12.79
12.71
12.61
12.68
12.67
12.57
12.61
12.54
12.54
12.52
12.86
10.36
10.75
10.65
10.62
10.57
10.59
10.54
10.54
10.47
10.39
10.44
10.33
10.28
6.51
6.75
6.74
6.71
6.69
6.65
6.61
6.61
6.58
6.57
6.54
6.52
6.49
9.78
9.75
9.79
9.67
9.77
9.66
9.57
9.68
9.53
9.45
9.82
9.54
9.92
9.70
9.65
9.62
9.62
9.54
9.58
9.49
9.43
9.46
9.34
9.33
9.32
9.78
4.80

4.77

4.77

4.79

4.80

4.81

4.81

4.79

4.80

4.74

4.74

4.75

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 .

335.39 332.16 332.85 337.21 335.27 337.98 339.37 338.39 339.14 339.14 341.85 343.23 344.27
167.44 165.17 165.10 166.85 165.98 166.74 166.85 165.80 165.51 163.68 164.11 164.22

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

Ill

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

41.2
40.7
41.3

40.8
40.9
41.0

40.9
41.2
41.8

$9.15
9.69
11.06

$9.24
9.53
11.55

Alaska

49.2

41.7

45.7

10.55

12.18

12.31

Arizona

40.9

41.0

41.1

9.85

10.11

10.18

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

39.8
38.9
37.8
40.1
42.8

40.8
41.8
39.2
40.9
43.3

40.6
39.5
40.1
40.9
43.8

8.15
7.30
8.60
8.65
10.12

8.41
7.49
8.73
9.14
10.71

8.48
7.62
8.67
9.14
10.68

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

41.0
42.6
39.7
38.7
41.4
40.7
41.2
41.1
41.0
39.3
41.2
38.4
40.1
39.6
37.3
41.3
40.1

40.3
41.2
39.9
38.7
40.7
38.3
41.5
40.8
39.6
39.2
40.2
39.6
40.3
40.4
37.3
40.7
38.4

40.6
41.5
39.5
39.6
41.2
38.4
42.1
40.5
40.0
40.1
40.2
39.8
40.2
40.3
35.2
40.6
38.3

11.04
11.14
12.03
9.20
10.49
10.26
13.30
10.39
9.91
11.26
11.14
13.05
13.09
11.23
10.50
10.87
13.21

11.30
11.39
12.26
9.34
11.11
10.44
13.38
10.92
10.22
11.56
11.36
12.84
13.50
11.66
11.18
11.06
13.32

Colorado
Denver

39.7
40.4

40.5
40.0

40.9
39.7

10.41
11.61

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

42.4
42.3
43.0
43.1
41.4
43.9
42.6

42.7
42.1
42.8
42.3
41.7
40.9
42.2

42.7
42.1
42.9
42.0
41.6
41.3
41.8

Delaware
Wilmington

41.3
43.4

41.0
42.7

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

39.4

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p

$376.98
394.38
456.78

$376.99
389.78
473.55

$382.82
390.58
477.77

519.06

507.91

562.57

402.87

414.51

418.40

324.37
283.97
325.08
346.87
433.14

343.13
313.08
342.22
373.83
463.74

344.29
300.99
347.67
373.83
467.78

11.37
11.38
12.24
9.51
11.16
10.61
13.50
10.80
10.37
11.58
11.37
12.89
13.49
11.59
11.32
11.14
13.33

452.64
474.56
477.59
356.04
434.29
417.58
547.96
427.03
406.31
442.52
458.97
501.12
524.91
444.71
391.65
448.93
529.72

455.39
469.27
489.17
361.46
452.18
399.85
555.27
445.54
404.71
453.15
456.67
508.46
544.05
471.06
417.01
450.14
511.49

461.62
472.27
483.48
376.60
459.79
407.42
568.35
437.40
414.80
464.36
457.07
513.02
542.30
467.08
398.46
452.28
510.54

10.61
12.05

10.82
12.07

413.28
469.04

429.71
482.00

442.54
479.18

11.12
11.52
11.63
11.59
10.84
11.97
9.81

11.38
12.16
12.25
12.21
10.86
11.85
10.45

11.39
11.99
12.29
12.14
10.87
12.28
10.46

471.49
437.30
500.09
499.53
448.78
525.48
417.91

485.93
511.94
524.30
516.48
452.86
484.67
440.99

486.35
504.78
527.24
509.88
452.19
507.16
437.23

41.5
43.1

12.54
15.10

12.53
15.15

12.78
15.59

517.90
655.34

513.73
646.91

530.37
671.93

39.0

39.4

11.57

12.29

12.43

455.86

479.31

489.74

40.7
41.8
41.3
40.4
41.2
44.5
40.7
42.0

41.3
42.0
40.0
40.3
40.7
42.7
40.7
42.6

41.2
41.5
39.9
40.5
40.1
43.6
41.3
40.7

8.62
8.52
9.19
7.08
9.56
11.18
8.59
9.60

8.78
8.87
9.38
7.37

9.74

8.86
8.95
9.53
7.37
10.23
11.76
9.12
9.56

350.83
356.14
379.55
286.03
393.87
497.51
349.61
403.20

362.61
372.54
375.20
297.01
414.73
493.19
369.96
414.92

365.03
371.43
380.25
298.49
410.22
512.74
376.66
389.09

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

40.8
41.9
43.1

40.3
42.9
45.1

40.4
41.9
46.0

8.76
10.00
11.58

9.05
10.08
11.53

9.10
10.30
11.25

357.41
419.00
499.10

364.72
432.43
520.00

367.64
431.57
517.50

Hawaii
Honolulu

40.4
41.4

40.0
39.5

39.5
40.1

10.37
10.58

10.86
11.00

10.95
11.11

418.95
438.01

434.40
434.50

432.53
445.51

Idaho

37.5

39.0

38.5

9.90

10.46

10.30

371.25

407.94

396.55

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

See footnotes at end of table.

112




Feb.
1990

10.19
11.55
9.09

Mar.
1990P

Average weekly earnings

$9.36
9.48
11.43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Mar.
1989

42.2
41.8
38.7
37.9
42.5
43.0
44.2
41.1
43.6
40.9
42.9
45.1
41.8

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Average weekly earnings
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

41.0
41.4
39.9
39.9
40.6
41.3
44.8
42.0
42.0
40.0
43.1
41.2
36.5

41.5
41.8
40.3
41.4
41.6
41.1
44.9
42.2
42.5
40.1
41.2
41.5
38.0

$11.15
10.69
11.35
9.60
10.86
12.45
14.39
11.58
11.38
11.16
13.11
12.20
10.01

$11.30
10.71
12.17
9.87
11.11
13.49
14.36
12.97
11.77
11.68
13.74
12.19
9.86

$11.33
10.70
12.08
9.75
11.15
13.37
14.50
12.90
11.75
11.80
13.59
12.21
9.74

$470.53
446.84
439.25
363.84
461.55
535.35
636.04
475.94
496.17
456.44
562.42
550.22
418.42

$463.30
443.39
485.58
393.81
451.07
557.14
643.33
544.74
494.34
467.20
592.19
502.23
359.89

$470.20
447.26
486.82
403.65
463.84
549.51
651.05
544.38
499.38
473.18
559.91
506.72
370.12

Indiana

0)

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.0
39.4
43.6
39.5
37.6

40.2
37.9
40.6
40.3
38.1

40.6
38.5
41.1
40.0
38.5

10.77
12.40
12.41
11.68
8.38

11.10
12.70
12.13
11.82
8.63

11.22
13.05
12.48
11.87
8.71

441.57
488.56
541.08
461.36
315.09

446.22
481.33
492.48
476.35
328.80

455.53
502.43
512.93
474.80
335.34

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.9
41.8
41.9

39.9
41.1
40.7

40.1
41.1
40.9

10.72
12.07
11.30

10.78
11.75
11.90

10.82
11.78
11.94

438.45
504.53
473.47

430.12
482.93
484.33

433.88
484.16
488.35

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

40.3
41.3
40.9

39.9
41.4
40.5

40.1
40.9
40.9

10.38
10.46
11.86

10.54
10.77
12.08

10.57
10.96
12.08

418.31
432.00
485.07

420.55
445.88
489.24

423.86
448.26
494.07

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.3
44.0
41.1
41.9

42.4
43.0
42.0
41.4

42.8
44.0
42.6
40.7

11.23
13.33
10.82
11.41

11.44
13.33
11.01
11.33

11.67
13.54
11.25
11.67

475.03
586.52
444.70
478.08

485.06
573.19
462.42
469.06

499.48
595.76
479.25
474.97

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.1
39.8
40.1

40.3
39.0
38.3

40.9
39.4
38.8

9.62
8.01
10.32

10.38
9.13
10.44

10.44
9.13
10.54

385.76
318.80
413.83

418.31
356.07
399.85

427.00
359.72
408.95

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

40.8
41.0

40.3
40.6

40.4
40.9

11.23
11.54

11.46
11.89

11.49
11.92

458.18
473.14

461.84
482.73

464.20
487.53

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.8
41.2
41.7
41.4

40.7
40.5
41.8
41.1

40.5
40.6
41.6
41.2

10.69
11.49
10.28
10.58

11.18
11.82
10.55
10.97

11.17
11.86
10.63
11.03

436.15
473.39
428.68
438.01

455.03
478.71
440.99
450.87

452.39
481.52
442.21
454.44

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.7
44.5
45.0
44.7
43.3
41.6
43.2
42.6
46.5
41.2
44.1

40.6
42.2
41.8
41.3
40.6
40.2
40.3
40.6
36.0
41.0
41.2

41.9
44.3
42.4
43.0
41.5
40.3
41.2
40.2
38.3
41.2
43.3

13.51
14.26
14.66
14.56
16.76
11.59
10.52
12.88
14.68
12.38
15.41

13.52
14.33
14.32
14.57
17.21
11.68
10.64
13.29
14.59
12.42
15.39

13.73
14.82
14.22
14.77
17.51
11.86
10.80
14.04
15.43
12.30
15.72

590.39
634.57
659.70
650.83
725.71
482.14
454.46
548.69
682.62
510.06
679.58

548.91
604.73
598.58
601.74
698.73
469.54
428.79
539.57
525.24
509.22
634.07

575.29
656.53
602.93
635.11
726.66
477.96
444.96
564.41
590.97
506.76
680.68

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.6
39.1
40.8
40.6

40.0
39.4
40.0
40.8

40.0
40.1
40.2
41.1

10.87
11.26
11.42
10.16

11.19
12.06
11.73
9.91

11.20
12.09
11.78
9.88

441.32
440.27
465.94
412.50

447.60
475.16
469.20
404.33

448.00
484.81
473.56
406.07

Mississippi
Jackson

40.1
40.0

39.6
40.7

39.3
40.6

8.02
9.04

8.28
9.36

8.29
9.20

321.60
361.60

327.89
380.95

325.80
373.52

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Mar.

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Average weekly earnings
Mar.

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

$10.68 i $411.29
477.34
11.22
493.70
12.72
340.61
9.25

$433.61
453.10
537.63
354.90

$430.40
452.17
538.06
364.45

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

39.7
41.4
40.5
38.1

40.6
40.6
42.3
39.0

40.3
40.3
42.3
39.4

$10.36
11.53
12.19
8.94

$10.68
11.16
12.71
9.10

Montana

39.6

38.6

38.0

10.97

11.46

11.39

434.41

442.36

432.82

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

40.6
40.4
41.0

39.9
39.6
40.8

39.8
39.2
40.0

9.49
10.44
10.31

9.54
10.80
10.27

9.56
10.84
10.23

385.29
421.78
422.71

380.65
427.68
419.02

380.49
424.93
409.20

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.9
42.1

39.7
41.8

40.7
42.3

10.12
13.08

11.00
13.07

10.88
13.02

413.91
550.67

436.70
546.33

442.82
550.75

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

41.2
40.2
41.2
41.3

40.9
42.7
40.4
40.9

41.4
41.9
40.9
42.1

10.19
10.24
12.19
9.55

10.74
10.69
13.39
10.14

10.71
10.67
13.31
10.02

419.83
411.65
502.23
394.42

439.27
456.46
540.96
414.73

443.39
447.07
544.38
421.84

New Jersey

40.9

41.1

41.1

11.03

11.52

11.52

451.13

473.47

473.47

New Mexico
Albuquerque

41.3
40.8

40.4
38.8

40.6
39.2

8.66
8.51

8.97
8.91

8.86
9.03

357.66
347.21

362.39
345.71

359.72
353.98

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.1
41.2
41.4
42.3
41.0
(1)
39.7
37.4
37.1
41.4
38.7
40.7
42.8
38.0
41.3
40.8
40.5

39.8
41.3
40.6
41.2
40.6
(1)
40.5
37.2
36.7
40.1
40.8
39.9
42.4
41.1
40.8
41.2
40.3

39.8
41.5
40.5
41.2
40.2
(1)
40.4
37.2
36.9
40.0
39.1
40.3
42.1
40.0
41.3
41.3
39.5

10.59
11.26
9.29
12.87
9.63
(1)
11.30
9.84
9.73
13.86
8.63
10.49
12.12
9.24
12.18
9.76
11.03

10.90
11.69
9.65
13.04
9.49
(1)
11.71
10.24
10.06
13.78
9.38
11.17
12.39
8.68
11.93
10.25
12.13

10.95
11.63
9.59
13.16
9.55
(1)
11.58
10.24
10.14
13.77
9.51
11.09
12.52
8.68
12.06
10.30
11.62

424.66
463.91
384.61
544.40
394.83
(1)
448.61
368.02
360.98
573.80
333.98
426.94
518.74
351.12
503.03
398.21
446.72

433.82
482.80
391.79
537.25
385.29
(1)
474.26
380.93
369.20
552.58
382.70
445.68
525.34
356.75
486.74
422.30
488.84

435.81
482.65
388.40
542.19
383.91
(1)
467.83
380.93
374.17
550.80
371.84
446.93
527.09
347.20
498.08
425.39
458.99

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

40.1
41.7
40.8
39.1
40.5

39.6
41.3
39.6
38.7
41.9

39.6
40.5
39.3
38.5
42.0

8.36
8.32
8.83
9.01
9.38

8.62
8.64
9.18
9.18
9.77

8.67
8.58
9.21
9.23
9.79

335.24
346.94
360.26
352.29
379.89

341.35
356.83
363.53
355.27
409.36

343.33
347.49
361.95
355.36
411.18

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

38.1
37.7

39.8
38.5

38.3
36.7

8.63
9.06

8.82
8.80

8.84
8.74

328.80
341.56

351.04
338.80

338.57
320.76

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.9
42.8
41.9
42.4
43.7
41.6
43.3
44.5
43.0

41.9
42.5
42.2
42.5
42.2
42.1
41.7
41.8
41.9

42.3
42.7
42.2
43.3
43.2
41.9
41.7
43.8
42.1

12.24
11.58
11.09
11.56
11.85
11.87
13.05
13.40
13.85

12.38
11.68
11.23
11.73
11.91
12.36
13.07
13.19
14.12

12.51
11.73
11.23
11.91
12.14
12.39
13.20
13.54
14.25

525.10
495.62
464.67
490.14
517.85
493.79
565.07
596.30
595.55

518.72
496.40
473.91
498.53
502.60
520.36
545.02
551.34
591.63

529.17
500.87
473.91
515.70
524.45
519.14
550.44
593.05
599.93

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.2
42.2
40.6

41.1
40.9
40.7

41.6
40.6
40.5

10.53
11.69
10.09

10.63
11.56
11.30

10.85
12.34
11.40

423.31
493.32
409.65

436.89
472.80
459.91

451.36
501.00
461.70

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

39.2
40.4
39.6
38.2

38.0
37.5
38.6
35.9

39.4
39.9
39.8
37.9

10.83
10.67
10.83
9.50

11.00
10.94
11.23

11.05
10.99
11.22
9.96

424.54
431.07
428.87
362.90

418.00
410.25
433.48
355.05

435.37
438.50
446.56
377.48

See footnotes at end of table.

114




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

$10.96
11.02
9.43
10.87
11.42
11.10
8.51
10.92
11.92
11.3/
11.38
9.50
11.87
9.59
9.54
10.44

$433.30
415.01
374.40
466.28
470.96
424.11
318.70
430.66
469.45
470.96
448.94
355.15
494.16
374.54
383.26
423.02

$440.36
431.12
367.85
468.72
496.22
441.69
313.43
441.45
481.16
469.41
466.80
363.47
484.92
379.53
376.04
433.47

$444.98
440.80
369.66
466.32
504.76
448.44
325.08
441.17
479.18
472.99
466.58
371.45
505.66
382.64
375.88
431.17

9.31
8.69
8.82

9.35
8.70
8.84

356.00
336.04
331.11

369.61
339.78
345.74

371.20
341.04
347.41

8.42
9.14
8.64
8.23

8.70
9.47
8.88
8.61

8.73
9.51
8.92
8.62

348.59
363.77
356.83
334.96

357.57
382.59
370.30
356.45

357.93
383.25
373.75
356.87

40.6
45.6

8.14
8.08

8.31
8.17

8.38
8.66

338.62
364.41

329.08
357.03

340.23
394.90

38.3
40.1
40.5
35.6
39.6
41.4

38.6
39.2
40.4
37.7
40.3
41.4

9.22
8.21
9.67
8.96
9.37
10.80

9.40
8.45
8.88
9.03
9.61
10.87

9.35
8.48
8.94
8.44
9.51
11.02

378.94
334.97
407.11
361.98
401.04
449.28

360.02
338.85
359.64
321.47
380.56
450.02

360.91
332.42
361.18
318.19
383.25
456.23

41.8
42.5
41.0
44.6
39.7

41.4
42.4
41.1
43.7
41.5

41.4
42.0
41.3
43.5
41.0

10.22
10.38
10.93
11.74
7.63

10.36
10.54
11.19
11.98
7.51

10.42
10.52
11.18
12.06
7.64

427.20
441.15
448.13
523.60
302.91

428.90
446.90
459.91
523.53
311.67

431.39
441.84
461.73
524.61
313.24

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.7
39.5

40.3
40.5

39.8
40.3

10.02
9.87

10.26
10.13

10.27
10.17

397.79
389.87

413.48
410.27

408.75
409.85

Vermont
Burlington

40.6
41.0

40.6
40.0

41.2
41.3

9.95
10.38

10.40
11.05

10.40
11.06

403.97
425.58

422.24
442.00

428.48
456.78

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.4
41.2
39.9
41.6
42.1
38.6
41.6
40.9

40.2
41.2
42.6
40.3
40.7
40.8
42.0

40.4
37.0
43.0
41.5
40.9
41.5
42.4
40.5

9.59
7.94
8.15
9.54
9.40
10.57
12.37
10.92

9.91
7.93
8.73
9.50
9.81
10.99
12.79
11.83

9.99
8.31
8.81
9.52
9.78
11.13
12.87
11.91

387.44
327.13
325.19
396.86
395.74
408.00
514.59
446.63

398.38
326.72
371.90
382.85
399.27
448.39
537.18
492.13

403.60
307.47
378.83
395.08
400.00
461.90
545.69
482.36

Washington

41.0

39.5

40.1

12.19

12.65

12.60

499.79

499.68

505.26

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.5
42.2
41.7
42.0
41.9

40.4
43.5
41.2
41.2
41.0

40.5
43.0
41.7
40.8
41.7

10.97
13.73
12.79
12.91
13.28

11.32
13.49
13.19
12.78
13.29

11.27
13.45
13.13
12.92
13.47

444.29
579.41
533.34
542.22
556.43

457.33
586.82
543.43
526.54
544.89

456.44
578.35
547.52
527.14
561.70

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

40.8
39.6
40.0
43.7
41.9
40.2
39.2
40.4
40.4
41.9
40.3
39.2
42.2
40.8
40.6
41.8

40.4
39.3
39.3
43.2
43.3
39.9
37.9
40.5
40.4
41.8
41.2
38.3
41.2
39.7
39.5
41.6

40.6
40.0
39.2
42.9
44.2
40.4
38.2
40.4
40.2
41.6
41.0
39.1
42.6
39.9
39.4
41.3

$10.62
10.48
9.36
10.67
11.24
10.55
8.13
10.66
11.62
11.24
11.14
9.06
11.71
9.18
9.44
10.12

$10.90
10.97
9.36
10.85
11.46
11.07
8.27
10.90
11.91
11.23
11.33
9.49
11.77
9.56
9.52
10.42

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro ..
Providence

39.6
40.1
39.0

39.7
39.1
39.2

39.7
39.2
39.3

8.99
8.38
8.49

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

41.4
39.8
41.3
40.7

41.1
40.4
41.7
41.4

41.0
40.3
41.9
41.4

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

41.6
45.1

39.6
43.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.1
40.8
42.1
40.4
42.8
41.6

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit....
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.5
43.1
40.6
40.7
43.8
41.9
40.7
40.5
41.6
39.4
40.0
42.2

41.2
42.5
44.6
40.8
42.3
41.4
39.2
39.4
41.8
38.6
41.9
41.7

Wyoming

40.3

39.8

Puerto Rico

40.1

Virgin Islands

42.5

' Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p

116




Average hourly earnings
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

41.4
43.0
44.1
40.9
41.8
42.7
39.4
40.0
41.7
39.3
40.0
42.1

$10.76
11.51
10.68
11.35
13.18
12.48
9.54
10.03
11.58
10.73
10.26
10.31

$11.03
11.92
11.09
11.84
12.08
11.54
9.85
10.57
11.79
11.20
10.80
10.68

39.9

10.39

10.84

42.1

10.49

Average weekly earnings
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

$11.12
11.97
11.21
12.01
12.82
11.76
9.67
10.55
11.85
11.22
10.72
10.83

$446.54
496.08
433.61
461.95
577.28
522.91
388.28
406.22
481.73
422.76
410.40
435.08

$454.44
506.60
494.61
483.07
510.98
477.76
386.12
416.46
492.82
432.32
452.52
445.36

$460.37
514.71
494.36
491.21
535.88
502.15
381.00
422.00
494.15
440.95
428.80
455.94

10.96

418.72

431.43

437.30

499.05

482.89

5.69

228.17

11.66

11.47

445.83

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1989
benchmarks, and industry detail are classified in accordance with the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual.

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Apr. 1989
to
Apr. 1990p

Feb. 1990
to
Mar. 1990r

Mar. 1990
to
Apr. 1990p

203,780

0.8

0.1

-0.6

168,630

168,440

1.1

1,692
11,043
41,285
24,466
16,819
11,999
12,552
29,764
12,917
47,383

1,679
10,836
41,219
24,433
16,786
12,027
12,571
29,757
12,854
47,687

1,702
10,392
40,613
24,002
16,611
12,113
12,622
30,043
13,048
47,906

6.1
-.2
-3.5
-4.3
-2.2
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.9

36,219

36,365

35,340

-.4

Feb.
1990r

Mar.
1990r

Apr.
1990p

204,854

204,995

168,636

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

118




Percent change

-.1
-.8
-1.9
-.2
-.1
-.2
.2
.2
.0
-.5
.6

1.4
-4.1
-1.5
-1.8
-1.0
.7
.4
1.0
1.5
.5
-2.8

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Annual average
Item

1988

1989r

Quarterly index

1987

1989

1988
IV

IV

1990
r

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

113.0
140.0
123.9
200.2
102.5
177.1
170.9
174.9

114.2
144.8
126.8
211.2
103.2
184.9
175.8
181.7

111.7
134.4
120.3
191.8
101.6
171.6
168.9
170.7

112.5
136.7
121.5
195.1
102.5
173.5
167.2
171.3

113.2
138.2
122.1
196.4
102.3
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.6
139.3
123.8
199.1
102.6
176.9
168.8
174.1

113.4
140.7
124.0
201.9
102.8
178.0
171.8
175.8

113.5
141.9
125.0
204.5
103.0
180.2
173.7
177.9

113.8
143.6
126.2
206.9
102.8
181.9
174.7
179.4

114.2
144.4
126.4
210.4
103.0
184.1
176.3
181.4

114.7
145.6
127.0
212.8
103.5
185.6
176.5
182.4

114.8
145.7
127.0
215.7
103.9
187.9
175.8
183.7

114.6
146.7
128.0
218.1
103.0
190.2
178.5
186.1

111.1
140.3
126.3
198.7
101.8
178.8
172.2
176.5

112.1
145.0
129.4
209.5
102.4
186.9
176.5
183.3

109.5
134.1
122.4
190.5
101.0
173.9
170.3
172.6

110.2
136.4
123.7
193.8
101.8
175.8
168.7
173.4

111.0
138.0
124.3
195.0
101.5
175.7
170.3
173.8

110.5
139.5
126.2
197.5
101.8
178.7
169.8
175.6

111.5
141.1
126.6
200.2
101.9
179.6
172.1
177.0

112.0
142.8
127.5
203.0
102.3
181.3
176.3
179.6

111.6
143.6
128.6
205.5
102.1
184.1
174.6
180.8

111.9
144.6
129.2
208.3
102.0
186.1
176.5
182.8

112.6
145.9
129.6
211.0
102.6
187.4
177.6
184.0

112.7
146.0
129.5
214.1
103.1
189.9
177.3
185.6

112.5
147.0
130.7
216.2
102.1
192.2
179.0
187.7

136.0
137.6
101.2
196.0
100.4
144.1

138.7
141.6
102.1
204.3
99.9
147.3

134.2
131.1
97.7
190.4
100.9
141.8

134.5
133.3
99.1
191.7
100.6
142.5

135.1
134.7
99.7
194.3
101.2
143.8

136.0
136.7
100.5
195.3
100.6
143.6

137.3
138.8
101.1
197.4
100.5
143.7

137.8
140.3
101.8
200.2
100.8
145.2

138.6
141.4
102.0
201.9
100.3
145.6

139.5
142.2
101.9
203.2
99.5
145.6

139.0
141.7
102.0
206.1
100.3
148.3

140.1
141.2
100.8
209.6
101.0
149.7

141.5
141.5
100.0
211.3
99.8
149.3

143.4
145.6
101.5
192.6
98.7
134.4

146.9
150.0
102.1
200.4
97.9
136.5

141.0
136.4
96.7
188.9
100.1
134.0

141.8
139.8

98.6
189.8
99.7
133.9

142.7
141.6
99.2
192.6
100.3
134.9

143.8
144.5
100.5
192.4
99.1
133.8

145.0
147.0
101.4
193.9
98.7
133.8

145.8
149.1
102.3
196.9
99.2
135.1

146.4
150.0
102.4
198.8
98.8
135.7

148.4
151.0
101.7
199.6
97.8
134.5

148.3
150.4
101.4
202.7
98.6
136.7

148.4
148.8
100.2
206.3
99.4
139.0

150.0
149.1
99.4
207.3
97.9
138.2

125.0
125.8
100.6
201.8
103.4
161.4

126.6
129.1
102.0
211.2
103.2
166.8

124.4
123.1
99.0
193.3
102.5
155.4

123.7
123.5
99.8
195.2
102.5
157.8

124.0
124.4
100.4
197.5
102.9
159.3

124.4
124.9
100.4
200.5
103.3
161.2

125.8
126.6
100.6
203.4
103.5
161.6

125.8
127.1
101.0
205.7
103.6
163.4

126.9
128.6
101.3
207.2
103.0
163.3

126.4
129.1
102.2
209.7
102.7
165.9

125.4
128.8
102.8
212.4
103.3
169.4

127.8
130.0
101.7
215.7
103.9
168.8

129.0
130.2
101.0
218.6
103.3
169.5

114.7
143.5
125.1
194.1
99.4
174.6
169.3
190.3
128.8
169.1

114.8
147.1
128.2
204.0
99.7
183.8
177.8
201.7
113.9
175.5

113.0
136.9
121.1
186.9
99.1
170.8
165.3
186.9
129.3
165.8

113.5
138.9
122.4
189.5
99.5
172.1
167.0
187.2
122.0
166.1

114.6
141.2
123.2
190.9
99.4
171.9
166.6
187.8
127.0
166.5

114.7
142.8
124.5
193.1
99.5
173.6
168.4
188.9
129.1
168.2

115.1
144.3
125.4
195.5
99.5
175.2
169.9
191.0
127.5
169.5

114.9
145.4
126.5
197.8
99.6
177.5
172.1
193.3
131.6
172.0

114.5
145.8
127.4
200.2
99.5
180.4
174.9
196.9
119.6
173.1

114.5
146.5
128.0
202.8
99.3
182.9
177.1
200.1
116.6
175.0

115.3
148.1
128.4
205.5
99.9
134.6
178.1
203.9
113.5
176.1

115.2
148.1
128.6
208.5
100.4
187.3
181.0
205.7
106.1
177.5

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
'.
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing1
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods1
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods1
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
,
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

1
For manufacturing, productivity and related measures are revised
back to 1947 to take account of changes in the Indexes of Industrial
Production for durable and nondurable manufactures, introduced by the
Federal Reserve Board on April 17.




2

Not available.
= preliminary.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
p
r

119

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

IV
1988

1989

II
1989

III
1989

IV
1989r

I
1990p

IV
1988

I
1989

II
1989

1989

IV
1989r

I
1990p

0.2
3.4
3.2
5.2
.8
5.0
4.6
4.8

1.1
4.8
3.7
4.8
-.6
3.7
2.4
3.3

1.6
2.3
.6
6.8
.8
5.1
3.5
4.6

1.5
3.5
1.9
4.7
1.9
3.2
.4
2.2

0.4
.3
.0
5.6
1.5
5.2
-1.5

-0.5
2.7
3.1
4.5

2.9

-3.4
4.9
6.3
5.4

0.9
3.8
2.9
4.8
.5
3.9
3.9
3.9

0.5
3.9
3.3
5.4
.6
4.8
3.4
4.3

1.5
3.6
2.1
5.6
.4
4.1
4.4
4.2

1.1
3.5
2.4
5.4
.7
4.2
2.7
3.7

1.1
2.7
1.6
5.5
.9
4.3
1.2
3.2

0.8
2.2
1.4
5.4
.2
4.6
2.1
3.8

1.9
4.8
2.8
5.9
1.5
3.8
10.1
5.9

-1.3
2.4
3.7
4.9
-.5
6.2

1.1
2.8
1.7
5.6
-.4
4.5
4.2
4.4

2.4
3.7
1.3
5.3
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.7

.5
.3
-.2
6.0
1.9
5.5
-.6
3.4

-1.0
2.7
3.6
3.9
-3.9
4.9
4.0
4.6

1.6
4.7
3.0
4.8
.5
3.1
4.5
3.6

.6
4.1
3.5
5.4
.6
4.8
2.6
4.0

1.3
3.7
2.4
5.5
.3
4.1
3.9
4.1

1.0
3.4
2.4
5.4
.7
4.4
3.2
4.0

.7
2.3
1.6
5.5
.8
4.8
.6
3.3

.7
2.3
1.6
5.2
.0
4.4
2.5
3.8

2.6
2.4
-.2
2.7
-3.2
.0

-1.6
-1.4
.1

3.1
-1.3
-4.3
7.0
2.8
3.7

4.1
.8
-3.2
3.2
-4.5

2.5
5.3
2.7
4.4
.2
1.9

2.6
4.9
2.3
3.9
-.8
1.3

2.6
4.1
1.4
4.0
-1.1
1.4

1.2
2.1
.9
4.4
-.2
3.2

1.6
.7
-.9
4.7
.1
3.1

2.1
.1

-.4
-1.7
-1.3
6.4
3.4

2.8
6.6
3.7
3.8
-.5
.9

-1.5
.6

3.8
-1.4
.5

2.3
2.3
.0
4.5
-.1
2.2

1.8
-.2
-2.0
4.8
.2

6.8

4.4
.9
-3.4
2.0
-5.7
-2.3

3.2
4.5
1.2

4.1

.5
-4.1
-4.6
7.3
3.2
6.8

2.6

3.8
-1.5
1.9

5.4
2.8
-2.5
1.7
-4.1
-3.6

.1
1.7
1.6
4.6
.3
4.5

3.3
4.7
1.4
2.9
-2.4
-.3

-1.5
1.8
3.3
4.9
-1.1
6.5

-3.2
-1.0
2.3
5.4
2.5
8.9

8.0
3.7
-4.0
6.4
2.3
-1.5

3.8
.7

1.7
2.9
1.2
5.4
1.0
3.6

2.3
3.4
1.0
4.9
.1
2.5

1.6
3.4
1.8
4.6
-.6
2.9

-.4
1.8
2.1
4.5
-.2
4.8

1.5
2.3

-.4
3.2
3.6
4.8
.5
5.2
5.3
4.9
13.3
5.9

-1.7
1.0
2.7
4.9
-.5
6.9
6.6
7.5
-31.7
2.8

.1

2.0
1.8
5.4
-.6
5.7
5.3
6.7
-9.7
4.3

3.0
4.3
1.2
5.4
2.5
3.8
2.3
7.7
-10.3
2.6

-.6
.2
.9
6.0

1.3
4.7
3.4
4.4
.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
7.9
3.5

-.1
3.2
3.4
4.9
.1

-.2
2.6
2.8
5.0
-.2
5.4
5.2
5.9
-9.7
4.0

.2
2.6
2.3
5.1
.4
5.4
4.9
6.7
-11.0
3.9

.2
1.8
1.6
5.4
.8
5.5
5.2
6.4
-19.4
3.2

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

,

-3.7
2.8

Manufacturing1
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods

1.5
4.4
2.9
5.7
1.4
4.2

2.4
3.1
.7
3.5
-1.9

2.2
6.0
3.8
6.3

1.9
2.2
.3

1.1

5.9
3.0
7.6

-1.9
4.7
-.5
2.6

1

Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

i.9

5.9
3.2
3.2

2.9

2.5
-.6
-3.0
4.3
-.9
1.8

Nondurable goods1
Output per hour of all persons
Output
,
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-2.9
5.4
-2.4
1.6

.7
4.9
.3
3.3

1.7
1.3
-.4
5.5
.3
3.8

Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per iour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

1
For manufacturing, productivity and related measures are revised
back to 1947 to take account of changes in the Indexes of Industrial
Production for durable and nondurable manufactures, introduced by the
Federal Reserve Board on April 17.

120




2

1.9
5.8
6.6
3.7
-23.6
3.3

()

ft
ft
ft
ft2

5.0
5.0
4.9
-5.8
4.0

Not available.
= preliminary.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

p
r

()

ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

132.3
24.3
6.1
13.7
7.9
2.9

7.3
5.8
5.0
9.2
6.0
5.4

7.2
5.4
5.1
7.3
6.1
9.5

7.0
5.5
4.6
6.6
5.8
4.1

22.3

19.9

8.1

8.8

7.9

97.4
50.8
15.6

79.5
40.3
11.6

87.4
45.3
12.7

57
4.8
4.9

4.7
3.8
3.8

5.1
4.3
4.1

1,131.2
63.8
92.9
269.0
37.2

82.9
2.3
7.1
16.1
3.0

82.1
2.0
7.7
15.7
2.9

83.1
2.3
7.2
15.9
3.0

7.4
3.7
7.7
6 1
8.0

7.1
3.1
8.1
5.7
7.7

7.3
3.6
7.8
5.9
8.0

14,433.3
1,388.3
227.8
302.0
4,371.0
155.1
1,098.1
360.0
1,019.9
720.0
1,169.1
867.3
819.4
177.3
203.4
189.9
192.1

14,545.3
1,386.7
228.2
298.5
4,437.0
154.4
1,105.0
365.7
1,030.2
724.2
1,180.1
873.5
816.0
179.6
204.4
189.1
193.3

667.8
35.3
26.8
35.1
154.0
19.1
42.1
14.2
46.4
35.0
38.3
26.2
29.7
7.4
8.6
19.8
9.7

771.8
37.6
25.4
36.1
241.0
19.0
41.0
15.7
56.0
33.8
43.5
25.9
29.2
7.9
8.3
19.7
9.5

765.9
35.2
26.0
35.6
262.0
18.2
38.4
14.7
52.2
31.2
41.0
24.7
27.8
7.7
7.9
18.0
9.4

4.7
2.5
11.4
12.0
3.7
12.3
3.8
3.9
4.6
4.9
3.3
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.4
10.2
5.1

5.3
2.7
11.1
11.9
5.5
12.2
3.7
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.7
3.0
3.6
4.4
4.1
10.4
4.9

5.3
2.5
11.4
11.9
5.9
11.8
3.5
4.0
5.1
4.3
3.5
2.8
3.4
4.3
3.9
9.5
4.9

1,685.6
133.3
860.4

1,716.5
135.1
874.7

1,709.1
135.7
867.2

116.0
7.2
54.2

106.8
6.1
50.0

93.6
5.5
43.7

6.9
5.4
6.3

6.2
4.5
5.7

5.5
4.1
5.0

1,758.5
229.5
428.2
74.4
276.8
114.6
101.5

1,748.7
226.8
428.3
73.5
274.6
111.9
103.0

1,777.0
230.2
434.2
75.1
278.6
113.8
104.6

56.9
9.8
12.7
2.8
8.2
2.3
4.2

92.7
15.2
19.8
4.8
14.0
3.9
7.6

93.0
15.0
19.8
4.7
14.0
3.8
8.0

3.2
4.3
3.0
3.7
3.0
2.0
4.2

5.3
6.7
4.6
6.6
5.1
3.5
7.4

5.2
6.5
4.6
6.3
5.0
3.3
7.6

356.9
311.0

361.3
315.4

362.2
315.9

13.4
11.7

18.6
15.6

16.0
13.5

3.7
3.8

5.2
5.0

4.4
4.3

District of Columbia
Washington

315.1
2,189.4

304.2
2,207.4

304.4
2,220.7

15.4
58.7

17.2
62.6

17.0
57.7

4.9
2.7

5.7
2.8

5.6
2.6

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6,129.8
155.8
648.7
145.9
103.1
441.0
176.9
184.0
942.3
595.9
144.8
122.0
130.5
989.7
420.3

6,270.0
155.2
658.5
154.9
106.7
452.0
181.0
188.6
948.4
610.9
145.6
124.9
132.0
1,005.1
429.1

6,345.4
158.4
669.3
155.6
107.4
454.9
183.5
191.9
955.0
618.4
146.3
126.3
133.9
1,016.8
434.5

289.8
7.2
29.3
4.4
2.8
22.0
10.9
8.0
54.2
26.1
8.2
3.9
4.7
41.8
19.9

365.5
8.4
34.4
6.7
3.8
26.7
15.5
10.1
61.3
33.0
9.1
5.5
5.5
51.1
24.8

316.3
7.8
30.2
5.1
2.9
23.2
15.9
9.2
51.2
27.8
7.4
4.3
4.7
44.8
22.9

4.7
4.6
4.5
3.0
2.7
5.0
6.1
4.3
5.8
4.4
5.7
3.2
3.6
4.2
4.7

5.8
5.4
5.2
4.3
3.6
5.9
8.6
5.4
6.5
5.4
6.2
4.4
4.1
5.1
5.8

5.0
4.9
4.5
3.3
2.7
5.1
8.7
4.8
5.4
4.5
5.1
3.4
3.5
4.4
5.3

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

1,917.0
445.4
132.5
215.4
140.4
72.2

1,870.8
432.8
131.9
204.6
136.1
72.0

1,895.5
439.7
133.4
207.9
137.9
71.7

140.8
25.8
6.7
19.8
8.4
3.9

134.2
23.3
6.7
14.9
8.3
6.9

244.5

253.4

252.2

19.7

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,709.7
1,060.3
318.4

1,695.1
1,051.5
308.5

1,698.4
1,051.9
308.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,121.3
62.2
91.9
265.3
37.7

1,152.4
64.8
94.9
276.7
37.8

14,269.3
1,412.8
235.7
293.8
4,161.2
156.0
1,098.0
362.0
999.9
718.5
1,151.6
877.4
844.5
181.6
196.0
193.6
189.7

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

:...

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

See footnotes at end of table.




121

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

152.5
3.2
3.0
66.4
6.9
5.0
6.1
5.0

5.3
6.8
3.8
5.1
5.5
5.3
4.6
5.0

5.0
6.3
4.1
4.6
4.3
5.5
4.6
4.5

4.7
6.1
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.2
4.6
4.4

16.6
11.2

16.0
11.0

2.7
2.3

3.1
2.9

3.0
2.8

31.1
4.2

33.5
5.2

33.5
4.7

6.5
3.7

6.7
4.4

6.7
3.9

368.4

391.9
11.8
3.3
3.8

353.9
10.8
3.0
3.3

195.8

182.9

12.2
4.6
15.4
3.9
12.5
11.5
10.3
5.7

10.8
4.0

6.2
5.3
4.7
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.8
6.9
8.6
3.9
5.9
6.0
5.1

6.6
6.5
4.5
4.2
6.0
6.7
7.7
7.4
8.5
4.3
7.0
6.6
5.1

5.9
5.9
4.1
3.6
5.6
6.0
6.7
6.7
7.3
3.8
5.8
6.0
4.2

7.8
3.0

12.0
17.7
30.1
2.9
2.4
3.7
9.6
3.6

5.2
5.5
3.3
4.0
5.9
4.5
6.1
4.3
6.3
3.2
5.4
4.6
5.9

5.6
6.1
3.3
5.5
6.5
5.0
6.0
4.3
6.6
3.5
5.9
5.8
5.0

6.2
7.0
3.8
5.5
7.1
5.9
6.9
4.4
6.2
3.4
6.1
7.1
6.0

67.8
3.7
8.9
2.8
.9
2.7
3.7

75.3
4.5
9.1
3.1
1.1
2.4
4.2

72.2
5.8
7.9
2.6
1.0
2.3
3.8

4.5
3.8
3.8
6.4
1.3
4.4
5.1

5.1
4.6
3.9
6.9
1.7
4.0
5.8

4.8
6.0
3.4
5.8
1.7
3.9
5.2

53.6
1.4
3.8
10.6

52.8
1.4
3.9

51.7
1.5
3.8
10.3

4.2
3.4
4.2
4.2

4.1
3.3
4.2
4.1

4.0
3.4
4.1
4.0

1,764.2
201.3
520.7
45.5

128.1

131.1
8.7

111.5
7.7
28.1
2.7

7.5
4.4
6.1
7.2

7.5
4.4
5.7
7.5

6.3
3.8
5.4
6.0

1,840.5
56.3
266.8
67.1
96.2
73.8
66.5
574.7
153.7

1,847.3
56.4
268.5
67.5
96.7
74.3
66.6
575.9

152.1
4.6

134.6
4.3

125.1

15.9
4.7
6.0
5.6
4.4
36.6

154.0

16.9
5.5
7.0
6.1
5.2
40.7
12.6

11.4

3.9
15.5
4.4
5.4
5.3
4.1
34.9
10.7

8.0
7.7
6.3
7.9
7.1
8.0
7.6
6.8
8.0

7.3
7.6
5.9
7.0
6.2
7.6
6.7
6.4
7.4

6.8
6.9
5.8
6.5
5.6
7.1
6.2
6.1
7.0

615.6
43.4
131.4

620.9
43.3
131.4

25.8
2.3
3.1

32.8
3.0
4.3

36.2
3.3
5.2

4.3
5.5
2.4

5.3
7.0
3.3

5.8
7.5
3.9

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

3,171.5
52.6
76.8
1,503.1
186.3
98.6
131.9
111.9

3,216.8
52.5
78.3
1,528.7
186.2
97.2
132.4
114.4

3,218.5
52.2
77.9
1,529.2
186.2
96.9
133.0
114.0

167.8
3.6
2.9
76.2
10.2
5.2
6.1
5.6

160.0
3.3
3.2
70.8
8.0
5.3
6.1
5.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

521.5
382.8

529.1
389.3

535.0
395.2

14.0
9.0

Idaho
Boise City

482.3
113.5

497.0
118.8

499.8
120.7

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,985.0
181.9
73.5
93.2
3,276.3
182.6
61.4
205.2
45.6
290.8
163.4
155.5
114.2

5,978.6
181.7
74.2
91.2
3,288.8
181.1
60.2
206.9
46.3
294.2
163.6
154.7
113.1

5,948.4
181.0
73.7
90.7
3,283.8

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,855.9
60.2
60.7
98.8
145.0
204.1
259.4
685.5
48.4
69.3
61.1
131.2
61.2

2,843.2
58.9
62.2
97.8
144.9
203.7
260.0
686.2
47.8
71.9
60.7
135.3
59.6

2,832.3
58.8

61.1
96.8
145.5
203.3
258.6
677.5
47.1
69.8
60.2
135.5
59.7

149.5
3.3
2.0
4.0
8.5
9.3
15.9
29.6
3.1
2.2
3.3
6.1
3.6

160.1
3.6
2.1
5.4
9.5
10.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,496.3
97.5
235.9
44.7
63.2
60.0
72.4

1,490.9
98.3
234.6
44.8
62.8
60.2
72.4

1,496.4
97.7
233.7
44.4
62.9
59.7
71.9

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,269.6
41.8
91.4
253.2

1,284.0
43.8
92.7
254.1

1,295.3

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,710.8
194.0
508.0
45.0

1,754.7
199.5
518.1
45.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,896.5
60.0
269.0
69.3
99.8
75.8
68.4
595.2
157.3
594.5
41.6
125.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

122




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

180.4
59.2
205.4
45.8
293.5
161.3
153.2
112.2

43.8
92.9
254.7

Mar.
1989

9.7
3.5
4.2
180.0
11.9
4.8
14.1
3.9
11.3
9.7

9.3
5.8

8.6
31.1
3.2

Feb.
1990

15.6

29.8
3.2
2.5
3.6

10.4

29.8
3.4

Mar.
1990P

13.7
3.4
11.2
9.3
9.2
4.8
175.2
4.1
2.3
5.4
10.4

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Maryland
Baltimore

2,493.6
1,194.1

2,540.5
1,214.2

2,553.2
1,217.8

97.2
50.8

99.0
51.6

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,174.0
1,570.4
100.2
77.7
48.8
188.3
155.7
87.4
40.0
257.5
222.3

3,174.2
1,569.3
101.0
80.3
47.7
192.0
150.5
87.7
40.8
257.5
223.2

3,165.9
1,564.7
100.9
80.2
48.3
192.8
150.5
87.4
40.7
255.7
222.4

127.2
51.4
4.6
5.4
2.5
8.8
6.4
5.8
2.3
10.2
8.5

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,502.6
159.7
64.4
77.2
2,155.1
181.4
362.2
64.6
118.0
236.2
66.3
180.7

4,555.3
162.0
65.9
78.0
2,161.6
181.7
371.6
65.0
118.7
240.5
67.4
184.0

4,489.0
161.3
64.7
77.0
2,125.7
178.6
367.3
64.2
117.9
238.8
66.8
180.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,299.0
106.9
1,374.7
61.0
98.9

2,352.0
111.1
1,401.4
63.3
104.8

Mississippi
Jackson

1,145.7
196.4

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

Mar.
1989

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990"

84.8
43.7

3.9
4.3

3.9
4.3

3.3
3.6

182.9
73.5
6.8
8.2
3.6
13.3
10.0
8.5
2.6
14.4
13.2

188.2
76.3
7.2
8.9
3.8
13.7
10.2
8.8
2.7
14.5
13.6

4.0
3.3
4.6
6.9
5.2
4.7
4.1
6.6
5.6
4.0
3.8

5.8
4.7
6.8
10.1
7.6
6.9
6.6
9.7
6.3
5.6
5.9

5.9
4.9
7.1
11.1
7.8
7.1
6.8
10.1
6.7
5.7
6.1

319.5
7.2
4.5
5.5
146.2
17.2
17.8
4.5
5.8
13.5
5.6
13.2

369.7
6.9
5.8
6.3
167.7
17.3
23.1
5.5
6.4
18.4
6.6
14.8

340.5
7.2
5.4
6.0
154.9
15.8
21.5
5.2
6.6
13.1
6.3
13.8

7.1
4.5
7.0
7.2
6.8
9.5
4.9
7.0
4.9
5.7
8.4
7.3

8.1
4.3
8.7
8.1
7.8
9.5
6.2
8.5
5.4
7.7
9.8
8.1

7.6
4.4
8.3
7.8
7.3
8.9
5.9
8.0
5.6
5.5
9.5
7.7

2,354.3
111.0
1,398.2
63.1
104.9

105.4
6.7
50.6
1.8
5.6

109.7
6.8
51.8
1.9
6.0

127.0
7.4
60.4
2.2
7.0

4.6
6.3
3.7
3.0
5.6

4.7
6.1
3.7
2.9
5.7

5.4
6.6
4.3
3.5
6.7

1,171.9
204.1

1,173.6
205.2

94.5
10.8

90.7
10.3

83.0
9.6

8.3
5.5

7.7
5.0

7.1
4.7

2,602.4
843.4
1,269.0
127.7

2,613.0
855.7
1,268.1
127.0

2,606.8
856.4
1,257.8
126.3

149.3
41.6
75.2
5.5

166.7
43.0
77.5
6.0

150.9
38.9
73.0
5.4

5.7
4.9
5.9
4.3

6.4
5.0
6.1
4.7

5.8
4.5
5.8
4.2

Montana

397.3

407.1

412.1

30.0

24.1

24.6

7.6

5.9

6.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

802.9
124.5
327.3

826.8
127.1
332.7

837.8
129.1
332.5

26.8
3.1
11.3

23.5
2.6
10.0

23.4
2.7
10.1

3.3
2.5
3.4

2.8
2.0
3.0

2.8
2.1
3.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

598.7
356.3
137.2

614.7
371.1
136.9

618.9
374.6
136.8

32.3
19.1
7.1

30.3
16.3
7.7

30.3
17.2
7.0

5.4
5.3
5.1

4.9
4.4
5.6

4.9
4.6
5.1

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

595.3
85.1
98.2
129.6

616.4
87.6
99.3
128.8

622.2
88.5
99.6
128.7

17.0
2.2
3.0
3.1

30.3
4.5
5.0
5.0

33.1
4.6
5.3
5.2

2.9
2.6
3.1
2.4

4.9
5.2
5.1
3.9

5.3
5.2
5.4
4.0

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,986.9
170.3
717.3
270.6
571.1
475.0
961.5
172.4
57.3

4,038.2
173.9
720.7
276.1
574.8
483.8
981.3
174.3
60.4

4,048.2
177.4
722.4
278.0
575.8
485.6
982.0
174.4
59.7

131.3
8.3
21.1
13.9
13.2
14.6
32.0
4.6
3.9

200.4
12.4
33.1
20.9
20.5
23.3
50.0
6.8
5.5

199.0
11.3
32.9
21.2
20.7
22.6
50.8
6.8
5.2

3.3
4.9
2.9
5.1
2.3
3.1
3.3
2.6
6.7

5.0
7.1
4.6
7.6
3.6
4.8
5.1
3.9
9.1

4.9
6.4
4.6
7.6
3.6
4.6
5.2
3.9
8.7

692.0
265.1
56.5
65.6

694.6
261.2
58.0
66.0

700.0
262.4
58.8
66.5

51.3
14.5
4.2
3.3

42.9
12.3
4.0
2.0

45.6
13.3
4.3
2.0

7.4
5.5
7.4
5.0

6.2
4.7
7.0
3.0

6.5
5.1
7.2
3.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

Feb.
1990

See footnotes at end of table.




123

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,501.1
429.9
125.5
456.9
42.9

8,679.7
435.3
123.7
459.0
44.0

8,599.5
433.4
122.8
457.6
43.7

399.5
18.6
6.0
26.0
1.9

474.1
19.1
6.6
25.7
2.4

1,412.7
3,881.9
3,212.0
135.4
128.6
506.3
316.9
136.2

1,406.1
4,047.1
3,376.0
135.5
127.6
503.3
320.1
136.6

1,403.7
3,987.9
3,318.0
134.8
126.8
500.7
317.1
135.5

50.7
175.7
152.8
6.3
4.5
21.3
15.9
8.2

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,341.3
88.0
640.5
519.9
413.4

3,371.4
92.2
646.0
517.6
420.1

3,365.2
92.0
647.9
513.4
418.8

323.2
46.5
86.6
36.0

318.6
46.2
87.1
35.9

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,351.2
329.5
191.8
765.9
937.8
721.0
475.1
314.6
222.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

458.5
17.3
5.9
22.9
2.1

4.7
4.3
4.8
5.7
4.4

5.5
4.4
5.3
5.6
5.5

5.3
4.0
4.8
5.0
4.7

54.0
241.7
219.0
6.8
4.1
22.1
16.0
7.9

49.8
247.8
227.0
6.S
3.8
20.7
14.2
7.1

3.6
4.5
4.8
4.7
3.5
4.2
5.0
6.0

3.8
6.0
6.5
5.0
3.2
4.4
5.0
5.8

3.5
6.2
6.8
4.6
3.0
4.1
4.5
5.3

112.0
2.4
19.8
16.7
8.7

132.2
3.1
20.0
18.6
9.4

120.6
2.7
19.8
17.1
9.0

3.4
2.7
3.1
3.2
2.1

3.9
3.4
3.1
3.6
2.2

3.6
2.9
3.0
3.3
2.1

321.9
46.6
87.2
36.0

15.4
2.0
2.9
1.2

15.5
2.3
2.9
1.3

16.5
2.4
3.0
1.4

4.8
4.4
3.3
3.4

4.9
5.0
3.3
3.6

5.1
5.1
3.4
3.8

5,343.6
330.3
191.3
775.6
935.5
720.9
473.4
313.2
221.0

5,353.0
330.6
190.2
777.9
937.2
722.6
475.0
314.0
221.6

308.0
19.2
12.1
34.8
46.4
34.5
23.9
18.7
15.9

345.9
20.2
14.0
35.9
49.8
37.2
28.4
23.0
17.4

318.2
18.4
12.9
32.9
46.6
33.8
26.5
22.0
16.3

5.8
5.8
6.3
4.5
4.9
4.8
5.0
6.0
7.2

6.5
6.1
7.3
4.6
5.3
5.2
6.0
7.4
7.9

5.9
5.6
6.8
4.2
5.0
4.7
5.6
7.0
7.4

1,494.7
27.4
46.9
490.6
334.9

1,510.5
27.3
47.5
497.1
338.4

1,528.8
27.5
484
504.8
342.6

97.4
1.5
2.6
25.5
23.5

100.7
1.6
3.0
26.4
23.2

82.0
1.2
2.6
21.9
18.9

6.5
5.4
5.6
5.2
7.0

6.7
5.8
6.4
5.3
6.8

5.4
4.3
5.4
4.3
5.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,463.4
147.0
673.6
135.2

1,446.1
147.3
666.0
131.3

1,425.8
144.5
658.0
129.6

93.8
8.5
30.5
9.0

87.6
9.6
28.4
8.4

80.8
8.2
27.1
7.6

6.4
5.8
4.5
6.7

6.1
6.5
4.3
6.4

5.7
5.7
4.1
5.8

Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,862.3
330.2
59.6
59.7
133.1
329.3
94.8
223.1
2,447.2
980.9
176.8
362.1
50.9
65.5
60.1
223.5

5,883.4
332.4
60.3
59.5
134.0
332.0
97.2
222.2
2,424.9
986.9
179.0
369.5
51.2
67.5
61.7
223.5

5,915.3
333.2
60.2
59.4
134.8
334.6
96.5
225.3
2,437.7
994.6
180.0
369.6
51.4
67.9
61.9
225.9

245.8
12.4
3.5
4.2
6.3
11.1
6.3
6.1
82.2
44.4
6.5
17.8
2.1
2.6
3.5
7.6

373.2
21.7
4.9
5.9
9.6
17.0
9.3
10.6
119.2
60.3
10.6
30.8
3.2
4.1
5.3
11.7

316.2
18.5
4.1
4.9
7.7
13.5
7.8
8.5
107.8
50.1
9.3
25.2
2.6
3.5
4.3
11.5

4.2
3.8
5.9
7.1
4.8
3.4
6.7
2.7
3.4
4.5
3.7
4.9
4.0
4.0
5.8
3.4

6.3
6.5
8.1
10.0
7.2
5.1
9.6
4.8
4.9
6.1
5.9
8.3
6.2
6.1
8.7
5.2

5.3
5.6
6.8
8.3
5.7
4.0
8.1
3.8
4.4
5.0
5.1
6.8
5.1
5.1
7.0
5.1

518.7
164.9
341.7

522.1
168.1
343.1

523.3
168.8
343.4

21.0
7.6
13.1

37.9
13.3
23.4

42.8
15.2
26.2

4.0
4.6
3.8

7.3
7.9
6.8

8.2
9.0
7.6

1,682.7
225.9
235.7
337.2

1,678.7
225.8
232.2
336.5

1,715.3
230.6
237.6
343.8

77.1
8.8
7.6
11.2

84.3
7.9
7.8
14.1

73.8
7.0
7.2
12.4

4.6
3.9
3.2
3.3

5.0
3.5
3.4
4.2

4.3
3.0
3.0
3.6

354.1
38.1
74.5

353.7
39.5
74.8

352.1
38.7
73.7

15.5
1.6
3.3

14.1
1.7
2.4

14.1
1.4
2.4

4.4
4.3
4.4

4.0
4.3
3.1

4.0
3.7
3.2

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

124




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990P

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,335.4
207.6
214.4
282.3
460.7
526.3

2,385.7
208.7
220.4
285.2
464.7
530.6

2,369.2
207.7
218.3
284.0
463.6
524.6

118.2
10.1
10.1
16.5
20.8
19.2

127.2
10.1
10.7
16.7
21.0
20.1

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,285.8
52.5
96.5
426.4
161.7
83.9
102.0
61.2
156.9
1,420.0
242.5
704.0
108.0
1,646.1
95.1
52.0
79.3
112.1
158.7
49.6
51.8
45.8
605.2
47.4
56.9
75.4
35.7
92.0
55.5

8,375.4
51.9
93.7
428.1
160.9
84.7
106.7
61.6
157.8
1,434.1
255.2
728.5
107.7
1,667.5
97.9
54.4
79.4
113.1
178.0
48.6
51.4
44.0
607.1
46.8
58.2
74.8
35.7
93.2
56.3

8,346.5
51.6
94.3
428.0
160.0
84.5
106.2
62.1
158.1
1,432.8
249.2
723.0
108.2
97.4
53.4
79.1
112.9
167.4
48.4
51.0
44.1
603.3
46.6
57.4
74.4
35.5
93.1
56.2

530.9
3.2
5.1
21.3
13.8
5.3
11.2
2.7
12.5
71.4
23.6
36.0
7.1
90 4
6.8
6.7
6.7
5.2
26.7
2.7
4.1
2.4
40.7
3.5
4.1
4.8
2.2
4.8
3.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

773.6
107.9
504.6

788.5
113.2
511.2

791.2
114.0
510.7

Vermont
Burlington

306.0
78.0

310.4
79.5

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News..
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,094.6
68.6
51.2
72.9
606.0
450.1
120.7

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

Mar.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

120.3
9.4
9.8
15.6
20.7
19.2

5.1
4.9
4.7
5.8
4.5
3.7

5.3
4.8
4.9
5.9
4.5
3.8

5.1
4.5
4.5
5.5
4.5
3.7

587.5
3.3
5.6
20.6
13.3
5.4
14.2
2.5
11.8
77.1
30.8
43.5
8.4
92.7
7.5
7.6
5.9
5.4
47.4
3.1
3.8
2.6
43.9
2.8
3.8
4.9
2.1
5.4
3.4

472.5
2.6
4.8
17.6
11.0
4.3
11.5
2.0
9.3
64.2
23.6
32.4
7.0
76.5
6.3
6.1
4.9
4.4
35.8
2.5
3.1
2.4
36.2
2.3
3.3
3.9
1.6
4.4
2.9

6.4
6.1
5.3
5.0
8.6
6.3
11.0
4.4
7.9
5.0
9.7
5.1
6.6
5.5
7.2
12.9
8.4
4.7
16.8
5.4
7.9
5.2
6.7
7.3
7.2
6.4
6.1
5.2
6.2

7.0
6.4
6.0
4.8
8.3
6.4
13.3
4.0
7.5
5.4
12.1
6.0
7.8
5.6
7.6
14.1
7.4
4.8
26.6
6.4
7.3
6.0
7.2
6.0
6.5
6.5
5.9
5.8
6.1

5.7
5.1
5.1
4.1
6.9
5.1
10.8
3.2
5.9
4.5
9.5
4.5
6.4
4.6
6.4
11.4
6.2
3.9
21.4
5.1
6.0
5.4
6.0
4.9
5.8
5.3
4.4
4.8
5.1

46.2
5.6
28.8

36.0
4.7
21.3

41.4
4.8
25.0

6.0
5.2
5.7

4.6
4.2
4.2

5.2
4.2
4.9

311.4
79.8

11.3
2.0

13.6
2.3

15.5
2.6

3.7
2.6

4.4
2.8

5.0
3.2

3,131.9
75.0
53.2
74.5
608.0
451.4
120.9

3,129.4
75.2
51.5
73.3
608.8
450.2
120.6

128.9
1.9
3.4
4.1
28.2
18.0
4.6

137.5
2.5
4.2
4.1
27.4
17.5
4.9

122.8
2.4
3.2
3.2
24.8
16.4
4.1

4.2
2.8
6.7
5.7
4.7
4.0
3.8

4.4
3.3
7.9
5.5
4.5
3.9
4.1

3.9
3.2
6.2
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.4

2,402.8
1,083.8

2,538.2
1,152.4

2,545.6
1,156.6

159.3
51.2

165.3
48.5

143.8
44.7

6.6
4.7

6.5
4.2

5.6
3.9

755.3
116.7
130.8
71.5
71.6

753.8
116.6
132.3
72.7
72.2

755.2
116.2
130.3
72.3
72.0

66.1
8.8
9.7
5.4
5.2

63.3
7.5
11.4
5.2
5.1

57.3
6.8
8.7
4.6
4.5

8.8
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.3

8.4
6.4
8.6
7.2
7.1

7.6
5.8
6.6
6.3
6.2

2,589.6
171.9
75.0
108.9
74.4
55.1
55.8
224.0
769.8
91.8
59.2
63.9

2,541.5
169.3
74.2
108.0
72.2
51.8
53.4
219.9
762.2
91.4
58.2
65.0

2,545.6
169.9
76.2
107.8
72.2
51.4
53.5
221.4
761.6
90.6
57.7
64.7

136.3
8.2
4.3
5.0
3.8
3.9
2.7
7.1
31.2
4.9
2.3
3.7

129.3
8.2
3.9
4.9
3.7
4.1
2.5
6.4
29.3
5.0
3.0
3.6

125.6
7.8
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.7
2.4
7.4
27.9
4.5
2.4
3.2

5.3
4.8
5.7
4.6
5.2
7.2
4.9
3.2
4.1
5.4
3.9
5.9

5.1
4.8
5.2
4.5
5.2
7.9
4.8
2.9
3.8
5.5
5.2
5.5

4.9
4.6
7.0
4.1
5.3
7.2
4.5
3.3
3.7
4.9
4.2
5.0

235.3
30.9

239.9
31.2

240.3
31.0

16.4
2.3

15.7
2.2

16.6
2.2

7.0
7.3

6.5
7.1

6.9
7.1

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1989 have been




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Mar.
1989

benchmarked to
11 States and
provisional and
available. Area
publication.

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990?

1989 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1990 are
will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
^ _




Annual Averages
States and Areas

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1,507.7
390.8
123.4
161.8
125.2
58.2

1,558.7
401.5
128.1
166.7
129.5
60.7

1,588.3
409.6
131.5
169.3
132.5
62.6

11.3
5.5
1
()
1
()
(1)
2.4

0
O
(1) 2.5

210.1

213.7

227.3

8.8

9.6

1,385.8
913.8
245.0

1,419.3
938.5
249.4

1,457.2
963.2
250.0

11.4
.6
1.6

11.9
.7
1.9

836.6
48.1
76.3
229.6
32.3

865.4
51.2
78.3
237.6
33.2

891.5
53.3
78.3
244.7
33.7

11,678.5
1,091.9
159.4
203.2
4,019.8
104.2
813.7
205.5
600.9
546.6
867.4
928.4
789.1
143.9
124.1
144.1
124.7

12,103.4
1,149.4
164.2
209.4
4,096.8
108.6
848.8
216.9
636.4
573.3
916.6
936.6
818.0
146.6
130.1
147.9
128.9

12,521.5
1,196.0
167.1
217.1
4,222.9
114.2
885.7
225.7
682.5
598.6
962.8
957.7
828.7
149.5
135.2
151.6
133.4

41.1
1.8
13.2
.6
9.5
(2)
3.2
2.6
1.3
.8
.8
1.0
.2
1.3
.7
.1
.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,412.6
104.9
799.8

1,436.1
109.7
804.5

1,471.7
113.6
818.1

21.3
(1)
13.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,644.7
197.2
473.9
64.3
250.0
125.1
86.9

1,674.9
201.8
482.5
66.0
257.7
125.7
88.0

1,679.9
199.1
486.5
66.9
258.8
125.3
88.2

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

320.7
273.8

334.2
286.3

343.4
294.7

.1
.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

655.6
2,080.1

673.6
2,167.2

682.5
2,230.9

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ...

4,848.1
111.8
465.3
107.7
92.3
393.8
141.0
143.4
828.6
477.3
123.6
103.8
109.1
803.2
324.6

5,066.6
116.8
486.6
115.4
95.4
406.5
148.6
153.0
854.1
506.6
124.9
108.9
114.2
833.7
342.7

5,276.0
121.6
505.1
124.5
99.1
415.5
155.3
160.1
875.6
538.7
127.5
113.1
120.7
862.8
356.5

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

128




1987

1988

2.5

10.1

10.1

9.0

9.8

12.2
.9
2.1

103.2
69.9
19.7

93.7
64.2
17.2

85.9
57.9
15.1

4.1
.9
.4

34.1
(2)
2.9
10.6
2
()

33.3
1.7
2.6
10.0
1.5

32.5
1.6
2.5
9.6
1.5

42.0
1.4
14.1
.7
9.5
.1
3.5
2.6
1.4
.7
.8
.7
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.6

41.6
1.4
13.7
.7
9.2
.1
4.1
2.4
1.4
.7
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.6

574.6
63.6
9.6
12.4
143.7
7.0
47.3
12.6
49.7
32.5
54.6
34.6
32.2
6.4
8.3
8.4
8.8

603.3
67.6
11.0
12.1
146.8
7.3
51.1
14.3
55.7
34.5
57.4
33.5
32.8
6.4
9.3
8.5
8.8

643.6
73.0
10.7
12.9
153.7
8.0
53.1
16.9
65.2
35.9
63.3
34.5
33.4
6.9
10.7
8.8
9.8

20.7
(1)
12.9

19.7
(1)
11.7

67.3
(2)
36.7

60.4
3.9
32.8

58.5
3.9
30.9

78.0
8.8

4.4

81.3
9.2
21.1
4.5
13.9
5.9
4.6

76.3
8.6
20.5
5.2
12.7
5.2
4.3

20.2
16.9

21.7
19.3

20.4
18.4

.1
1.1

14.7
131.6

14.0
141.4

14.3
148.5

9.3

341.5
8.3
35.4
12.2
4.2
27.6
8.6
9.0
41.5
34.6
8.8
10.4
5.7
59.2
28.3

346.3
8.3
36.2
12.7
4.3
27.2
8.8
9.7
41.3
37.0
8.2
10.1
5.8
57.3
29.7

341.1
8.1
35.0
13.4
4.5
27.0
9.0
9.5
40.2
37.1
8.1
10.3
6.0
54.1
28.8

(1)

1.6

9.1
.3

.7
4.1
(2)

1.0

.9
(2)

(2)
.4

.3

.4
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

.3

.6
3.9
(2)

.9

.7

.7
(2)

4.0
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
.5
3.7

(2)

(2)

(2)
.4

(2)

1.3
(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)

8.7

(2)

(1)
1.0
.4

1.6

(2)

01
()

4.3

(1)

(2)
(2)

1989
75.9
22.7
4.9
10.2
7.2
3.5

(1)

(2)

1988
78.0
24.4
5.5
10.8
8.2
3.1

1.0
.4
(1)

1987

11.3
5.4
1
()

75.1
23.6
2
()
2
()
(2)
3.0

4.1
(1)

1989

11.2
5.3

.6
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)

1987

1988

Wholesale3 and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1989

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

368.8
54.0
31.2
26.5
18.9
9.7

380.6
57.0
32.3
26.3
19.1
10.0

383.8
57.2
33.0
26.1
18.8
10.4

73.3
27.8
2.8
9.3
4.9
1.9

79.5
32.1
2.9
10.1
5.1
2.0

80.1
32.3
2.9
10.0
5.2
2.0

331.6
97.7
23.3
43.7
28.4
12.1

339.7
99.3
24.4
44.1
29.5
12.8

349.1
101.1
25.1
46.0
30.5
12.9

12.9

15.0

16.0

17.6

17.4

20.7

41.1

42.0

44.2

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

187.4
135.7
31.0

189.0
138.3
30.3

188.0
139.3
28.0

71.7
49.1
9.2

74.1
51.4
9.4

76.7
53.6
9.5

340.3
231.5
55.6

351.3
238.4
57.2

366.7
247.6
58.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

219.6
11.8
26.5
32.2
6.2

226.3
12.8
27.2
32.9
6.5

230.0
13.2
25.3
33.5
6.5

51.3
4.5
3.8
16.5
2.5

52.2
4.9
4.1
16.4
2.6

54.5
5.0
4.3
16.4
2.7

189.6
11.1
15.9
55.7
6.9

196.7
11.8
16.4
57.6
7.2

204.4
12.1
16.7
60.0
7.4

2,107.6
248.6
10.8
21.8
905.9
22.9
103.9
29.7
80.1
40.5
124.3
79.2
262.0
22.0
19.0
24.0
11.6

2.149.2
258.9
10.8
23.6
897.7
23.5
110.9
31.5
84.8
42.3
130.1
80.3
266.8
22.3
20.2
24.5
12.2

2,158.6
259.1
10.6
24.2
891.7
24.3
114.8
31.1
88.4
43.7
135.0
81.7
269.8
22.6
21.0
24.3
12.7

582.6
34.2
7.9
11.0
204.4
4.5
56.3
10.9
30.5
24.6
33.7
77.2
21.5
5.1
5.9
8.8
4.6

589.0
34.2
8.0
11.7
207.6
4.5
55.7
11.1
31.4
25.4
35.1
75.6
21.8
5.2
6.0
8.7
4.6

599.5
34.4
8.1
12.1
212.1
4.5
58.3
11.5
33.0
26.4
35.5
76.4
21.8
5.3
6.2
8.7
4.7

2,761.4
270.2
38.4
52.7
920.9
26.8
201.4
51.1
151.4
132.6
207.0
210.9
154.4
34.1
32.0
33.3
29.6

2,874.4
286.9
39.3
54.6
933.6
28.3
208.5
54.4
158.2
137.5
223.0
212.7
167.0
34.2
33.4
34.6
31.3

2,968.4
303.2
39.8
55.9
964.5
29.5
216.9
56.5
168.8
141.9
235.2
218.5
170.3
34.6
34.6
35.6
32.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

184.5
28.9
93.8

189.6
30.3
94.5

193.0
30.8
95.5

88.3
2.3
64.2

91.4
2.3
67.0

92.7
2.4
67.3

348.0
23.1
197.0

352.9
23.0
198.7

360.4
23.8
200.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

385.1
58.3
91.0
20.1
46.8
23.8
24.7

373.3
56.1
89.4
20.1
47.4
23.0
23.8

360.2
53.5
86.0
19.7
46.3
21.4
22.8

71.9
8.5
18.0
3.1
18.1
5.2
3.2

73.1
8.6
18.6
3.2
17.3
5.6
3.3

72.5
8.6
18.6
3.2
16.6
5.7
3.4

369.9
45.7
101.2
13.2
57.8
30.1
17.3

377.7
46.2
103.5
13.6
59.6
29.6
17.7

383.5
45.6
104.7
13.8
59.7
30.1
18.1

Delaware
Wilmington

70.5
59.9

70.3
59.7

72.6
62.2

13.4
14.4

14.3
15.1

14.7
15.5

71.0
58.1

74.0
60.6

74.8
61.5

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

16.1
86.2

16.3
88.8

15.9
89.5

24.5
100.0

25.1
105.5

24.5
109.7

62.9
415.4

63.8
429.9

83.5
437.0

531.0
11.9
45.3
5.3
5.4
38.2
22.6
28.2
94.0
55.2
11.5
8.6
4.7
92.8
35.7

539.6
12.2
46.3
5.8
5.7
37.9
23.4
29.5
92.3
56.9
11.2
8.5
4.8
95.3
35.8

541.4
12.3
46.1
6.2
5.7
38.5
23.6
29.7
91.8
55.2
11.3
8.7
4.9
95.9
34.5

254.8
3.4
22.4
4.7
1.8
27.7
6.1
5.7
69.4
24.5
6.1
3.5
3.0
38.1
12.2

260.8
3.7
22.6
5.0
1.8
27.7
6.6
5.3
70.3
25.8
6.6
3.5
2.9
39.2
12.7

265.7
4.0
22.9
5.2
1.8
28.6
6.9
4.2
68.4
27.3
6.5
3.6
3.0
40.6
13.6

1,316.7
32.9
139.1
32.2
20.7
106.5
38.6
33.0
222.9
124.5
32.1
30.5
23.4
222.9
86.6

1,378.8
34.6
144.2
34.3
21.2
110.9
41.1
35.2
231.9
131.4
32.0
32.7
24.4
232.3
91.4

1,439.7
35.9
149.7
37.3
21.8
111.5
43.3
37.9
239.3
142.0
32.8
34.2
26.4
240.6
96.2

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensaccla
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




129

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES

1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)

1987

1988

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1989

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

70.5
29.0
3.6
8.0
7.5
2.0

70.3
28.5
3.7
8.1
7.5
2.1

70.9
28.7
3.8
7.8
7.7
2.1

Alaska

11.3

10.7

10.5

42.5

43.6

47.1

65.8

66.5

68.9

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

94.5
74.9
12.8

94.2
74.9
12.3

92.6
74.3
11.4

345.3
232.0
65.3

368.0
247.8
69.4

389.0
262.7
71.8

232.0
120.0
49.8

237.2
122.9
51.7

246.1
126.8
53.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.8
1.5
2.7
15.6
1.5

38.1
1.6
2.8
15.7
1.3

38.3
1.6
2.9
15.6
1.3

154.1
7.1
16.3
52.7
6.2

164.6
8.0
16.4
57.7
6.6

173.7
8.7
61.3
6.9

146.1
10.2
7.3
45.8
7.3

150.0
10.5
7.7
46.9
7.5

154.0
11.1
8.0
48.0
7.5

800.9
92.2
6.3
13.1
286.1
4.4
54.1
10.5
26.1
33.5
61.4
112.5
33.9
8.6
8.3
8.8
4.7

807.3
93.7
6.4
12.1
281.9
4.7
56.0
11.0
27.3
36.0
65.0
109.6
32.0
8.5
8.3
9.1
4.8

836.3
95.4
6.5
12.1
291.9
5.1
57.3
11.4
28.7
38.5
66.7
109.7
32.4
8.6
8.0
9.5
4.9

2,926.7
266.5
33.0
47.0
1,054.3
21.4
189.1
48.0
141.5
116.4
229.0
279.1
198.1
39.4
27.9
30.1
28.0

3,104.1
289.0
34.1
48.2
1,114.0
22.2
202.3
51.0
149.0
125.1
242.5
289.7
211.1
40.9
29.5
30.9
28.9

3,271.5
308.4
35.4
81.3
1,176.7
23.5
216.9
53.9
159.3
133.0
257.5
300.6
214.1
41.7
GI0.8
GI2.3
29.7

1,883.7
114.8
40.3
44.7
494.9
17.2
158.3
40.1
120.3
165.8
156.6
133.9
86.9
27.1
22.1
30.7
37.1

1,934.1
117.8
40.7
46.5
505.6
18.0
160.8
41.1
128.6
171.9
162.8
134.6
86.4
27.5
22.7
31.6
37.8

2,002.1
121.2
42.4
48.0
523.1
19.1
164.4
42.2
137.7
178.6
168.9
135.7
86.8
28.4
23.2
32.3
38.4

98.6
4.1
66.6

95.7
4.0
63.3

96.0
4.2
63.7

342.3
21.4
203.3

358.8
24.2
209.2

360.6
26.3
219.8

262.2
21.3
124.8

266.7
22.0
126.3

270.8
22.3
128.5

150.5
11.8
76.7
4.1
15.3
13.2
4.4

152.1
12.7
75.4
3.9
16.1
13.5
4.5

151.5
12.5
74.4
3.6
16.5
14.0
4.4

386.5
45.0
106.8
13.4
67.9
36.4
20.5

409.4
49.6
112.7
14.1
71.2
37.4
21.6

425.4
50.5
115.7
14.7
75.0
38.1
22.4

201.2
19.1
60.0
6.6
31.0
10.5
12.3

206.3
19.6
61.8
6.6
32.1
10.6
12.6

209.2
19.9
66.7
6.8
32.1
10.8
12.8

26.7
23.7

29.0
25.6

30.2
26.9

72.2
63.8

77.4
68.2

82.6
72.1

46.6
36.8

47.5
37.6

47.9
37.9

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

35.9
123.3

34.3
127.2

33.5
130.3

230.9
662.6

243.8
702.6

253.4
731.7

270.6
560.0

276.1
570.7

277.3
583.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusvi!»e-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

359.3
6.4
39.7
7.9
4.3
37.6
8.3
5.4
68.5
32.6
5.6
8.4
4.9
65.3
28.2

365.1
6.2
40.2
8.2
4.5
38.3
8.4
5.6
71.1
33.1
5.4
8.2
5.0
65.2
28.6

371.5
5.9
40.7
9.1
4.6
39.7
9.0
5.8
72.0
33.3
5.3
8.0
5.1
65.5
29.4

1,304.4
30.9
125.9
29.7
21.7
98.7
33.9
41.3
225.4
151.9
30.6
30.3
22.2
224.6
94.3

1,393.9
32.7
135.1
32.0
23.2
104.9
36.1
45.6
234.0
165.2
31.9
33.1
24.1
241.1
101.8

1,502.0
35.3
145.5
35.0
24.9
108.4
38.2
50.1
246.0
182.9
33.1
35.5
25.7
256.9
109.6

731.8
18.2
57.2
15.6
34.1
57.0
19.1
20.8
106.0
53.8
28.5
12.1
45.0
99.7
39.1

773.0
19.1
61.6
17.3
34.6
59.0
20.4
21.9
112.3
57.3
29.4
12.9
47.1
102.7
42.8

805.2
20.1
64.7
18.3
35.7
61.1
21.3
22.8
117.0
60.8
29.9
12.9
49.4
108.6
44.3

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

,

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

130




276.5
93.2
27.7
36.3
26.0
8.2

289.8
93.3
29.9
38.9
27.7
8.8

302.4
97.9
31.4
40.4
29.7
9.3

177

300.6
60.0
29.1
27.6
31.7
18.9

309.5
61.7
29.6
28.5
32.3
19.3

314.7
64.3
30.4
28.8
33.3
19.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
1987

1987

1988

1989

2,782.0
48.8
62.8
1,376.7
156.5
92.5
118.4
101.9

2,878.1
47.8
65.0
1,422.5
162.5
93.8
121.1
105.5

2,945.4
47.9
67.8
1,453.2
169.4
93.4
124.4
108.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

460.0
366.5

478.1
378.1

504.8
395.6

()
(2)

Idaho
Boise City

333.4
86.7

348.5
92.7

367.4
99.5

(1)

(1)

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,928.3
135.2
57.1
85.0
3,027.6
155.5
50.6
97.0
32.8
185.3
134.5
125.3
98.8

5,097.5
140.2
59.4
86.8
3,105.6
156.7
52.9
100.5
33.2
198.8
140.8
132.8
101.9

5,178.9
141.3
63.1
87.7
3,164.0
160.7
53.3
103.0
34.3
208.3
144.2
134.7
103.0

23.4
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,304.9
48.4
50.8
97.6
125.6
185.0
219.4
600.3
44.0
63.2
50.2
110.9
52.8

2,395.6
49.2
53.1
103.4
129.3
192.8
231.0
625.3
45.1
65.8
52.0
114.9
54.3

2,467.3
50.0
54.6
105.7
133.4
201.0
239.1
653.9
46.4
68.7
52.2
118.8
56.1

8.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,109.1
85.6
206.0
41.5
50.9
49.3
60.6

1,156.2
89.9
215.9
42.5
51.5
51.7
64.4

1,200.2
94.0
225.1
43.8
54.5
54.1
67.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
(11)
()
(1)

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,005.1
31.9
86.4
226.9

1,035.4
33.5
89.2
230.4

1,067.5
35.5
90.7
237.9

11.3
(1)
()
2.2

10.4
(1)
1
()
2.0

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,328.2
178.7
437.4
33.4

1,381.9
188.6
454.6
34.2

1,434.2
197.1
469.2
35.9

38.8
.7
.6
.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,483.6
45.4
211.7
52.6
81.7
57.8
55.0
509.5
131.9

1,511.6
45.4
222.0
54.1
86.0
60.5
55.7
518.8
130.9

1,516.1
45.8
227.0
54.6
87.6
62.6
55.9
526.3
13C.1

54.8
.2
.9
5.8
10.6
.9
.4
14.6
3.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

1988

8.5

1989

8.9

1987

8.7

1988

1989

(2)

(2)

(2)

152.2
2.7
2.5
72.9
9.5
5.3
5.1
7.0

2

2

(2)
(2)

21.2
16.8

23.4
18.4

29.2
22.5

3.6

13.6
4.4

14.2
4.8

16.0
5.6

21.4
(1)

19.8
(1)

196.2
(2)

(1)

(1)

(2)

204.7
7.3
1.7
2.9
124.7
5.0
2.8
6.7
1.5
9.6
6.5
4.3
3.6

209.5
7.5
2.6
2.5
128.8
5.4
3.1
8.2
1.7
12.5
6.5
5.3
3.6

99.0
1.3
2.1
2.7
7.5
9.0
11.6
30.0
1.2
2.5
2.0
4.9
1.9

107.3
1.4
2.2
2.9
7.7
9.4
14.2
32.9
1.2
2.7
2.0
5.7
2.1

115.0
1.4
2.2
3.4
7.8
9.4
16.4
35.9
1.1
2.7
1.8
6.5
2.6

35.6

38.0
3.7
7.8
1.4
1.4
2.1
2.1

40.5
3.8
8.3
1.4
1.7
2.2
2.3
40.5
1.6
3.6
9.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1

.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

()
(2)
2.6

3.3
(1)

(1)

(2)

(1)

2.7
1

01
(1)
()
(11)
()
(11)
(1)
()

.1
1.3
.5
.1
.1

2.0
(1)

(2\

(1)

t2\

0
0

(1)

(1)

lZ\

(1)

(2)

(1)
(2)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.3

0

(1)

2.2

.8

2.1
(1)

()
(1)

(11)
()
(1)
(1)

7.8
(1)
(1)

1

()
(1)

(2)

8.2
(1)
(1)

1

119.9

()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

.8
(11)
()
(1)
(1)

.8
(1)
1

( )
(1)
(1)

.3

.4

.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(2)

9

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

o

(1)

(2)

0

2

( )
(2)

9.4
(1)

45.4
(2)

(1)

(2)

149.8
2.4
2.5
71.1
12.7
5.1
5.0
6.5

146.5
2.2
2.7
68.1
14.7
4.7
5.0
7.6

1.8

9.7

41.6
1.5
3.5
9.3

36.0
.3
.7
.7

34.1
.3
.6
.5

61.6
10.6
21.7
2.1

63.0
10.5
22.0
2.2

66.1
10.9
22.7
2.2

56.3
.2
1.0
5.8
11.5
1.0
.5
14.7
3.3

54.5
.2
.8
5.5
11.4
1.0
.4
14.5
3.0

81.3
2.3
19.7
1.6
3.2
4.1
2.8
22.0
6.7

82.3
2.3
24.1
1.7
3.3
3.9
2.4
22.4
6.0

80.2
2.8
25.0
1.9
3.3
4.6
2.5
22.0
5.3

See footnotes at end of table.




131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
ManufacturingJ

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

Wholesale and retail trade
1989

1987

1988

1989

571.2
8.3
15.1
188.7
35.5
20.3
18.4
16.7

574.3
7.7
15.1
184.7
36.2
19.8
18.7
17.6

566.2
7.4
15.6
178.1
37.9
19.1
18.7
17.3

175.4
2.3
1.8
115.2
5.2
3.7
5.0
9.3

182.3
2.5
1.7
120.3
4.8
3.5
5.1
9.7

183.9
2.8
1.9
120.9
4.5
3.1
5.1
9.4

702.7
12.5
13.2
384.1
34.2
20.4
27.0
25.3

734.4
12.3
143
401.2
35.5
20.7
28.3
26.0

752.3
12.0
149
411.7
36.6
21.4
28.5
26 3

21.9
16.2

22.0
16.5

21.3
16.0

36.8
30.2

38.0
31.2

40.2
32.6

123.8
96.9

127.5
99.5

132.9
102.1

54.3
11.0

57.9
13.0

60.6
14.7

17.9
5.2

18.6
5.3

19.1
5.5

84.7
22.6

87.3
23.8

94.3
26.0

940.2
35.9
5.2
7.9
555.1
32.7
13.5
19.0
4.9
41.5
31.1
42.6
3.9

975.2
38.3
5.5
8.3
564.5
32.0
13.9
19.2
5.2
44.6
32.9
47.9
3.9

981.5
39.6
7.2
8.2
560.4
32.8
14.1
18.9
5.5
46.5
33.6
47.9
3.9

295.5
3.0
2.6
2.3
191.4
8.2
5.0
8.3
1.4
6.8
6.9
4.5
4.7

298.8
3.2
2.7
2.3
195.3
7.4
5.1
8.4
1.5
6.3
7.0
4.8
4.6

304.4
3.4
2.7
2.3
203.8
7.2
5.0
8.6
2.1
5.8
7.0
4.7
4.7

1,221.2
37.7
13.1
19.5
757.1
42.8
11.4
22.9
8.3
50.7
33.3
28.8
22.7

1,247 5
36.6
13.7
19.9
762.4
44.3
11.7
23.3
8.3
55.6
33.8
29.5
23.6

1 274 5
35.5
14.1
19.2
774 5
46.3
11.5
23.7
8.8
59.0
35.0
30.5
23.4

616.6
17.4
8.8
53.0
30.5
50.8
54.4
107.1
18.7
11.8
10.7
23.9
10.4

636.7
17.1
9.4
56.6
30.9
52.9
56.5
107.4
18.9
12.4
11.1
23.7
10.3

642.2
16.9
9.5
54.7
31.1
54.1
56.7
108.9
19.0
12.9
10.9
22.9
10.5

118.6
1.4
1.7
2.8
6.5
12.0
14.8
36.3
1.4
2.0
2.3
5.0
2.7

123.9
1.4
1.7
2.9
6.6
12.8
15.6
38.4
1.4
1.9
2.4
5.2
2.9

128.1
1.4
1.7
3.3
6.9
13.4
15.4
40.9
1.5
1.8
2.8
5.1
2.9

547.6
11.1
11.5
18.0
33.0
45.9
52.3
155.2
9.5
13.0
12.5
29.2
14.3

568.2
11.5
11.8
18.6
33.8
47.4
54.5
161.8
10.0
13.6
12.9
30.2
14.7

590.4
12.0
12.0
19.8
35.1
49.2
57.1
170.9
10.6
14.5
13.0
31.8
15.4

213.5
22.2
23.8
12.1
4.0
8.6
13.2

226.4
23.2
25.4
12.3
4.3
10.0
14.9

234.0
23.8
25.4
12.4
4.5
10.7
15.7

52.7
5.4
12.0
1.6
1.1
3.1
1.7

54.1
5.6
12.5
1.7
1.1
3.1
1.8

55.7
5.8
12.6
1.7
1.3
3.4
1.8

282.3
20.7
53.9
9.6
10.0
13.0
14.5

294.3
21.6
56.0
9.9
10.4
13.5
15.4

306.4
22.3
58.6
10.4
10.6
14.1
16.4

176.2
4.5
8.8
59.7

181.6

61.1

184.6
4.6
9.5
63.6

62.6
1.3
6.7
10.7

64.1
1.0
6.8
10.8

66.0
1.0
7.0
11.2

251.3
7.1
19.4
53.3

260.5
7.6
21.0
54.1

267.0
7.9
20.5
54.5

Kentucky

262.5
28.7
87.1
5.6

274.1
31.6
88.5
6.0

283.9
33.4
88.4
6.3

70.1
8.0
27.2
2.1

74.2
8.4
29.1
2.1

76.7
9.0
30.3
2.2

317.7
41.6
108.7
8.7

333.1
43.4
114.2
8.9

346.8
44.4
118.4
9.6

Louisiana

164.5
3.4
18.8
4.2
6.2
10.6
7.2
41.7
18.0

171.5
3.3
19.9
4.8
7.3
11.2
7.4
43.6
17.8

174.0
3.4
21.0
4.8
7.6
11.6
7.5
44.0
17.5

104.7
2.2
10.3
5.7
5.7
3.8
2.9
43.4
8.3

107.1
2.2
10.6
6.1
5.9
4.1
3.0
43.4
8.2

106.1
2.3
10.4
6.2
6.2
4.1
3.1
43.2
8.4

361.5
11.0
50.6
13.6
22.3
14.3
14.5
134.3
32.1

364.5
10.9
52.5
13.9
23.2
14.6
14.4
134.8
32.2

365.5
10.6
53.6
14.1
23.9
14.9
14.3
135.8
32.3

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta

.

Macon-Warner Robins

Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Boise City

..

Illinois
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
joijet
Kankakee

Rockford

Indiana

Elkhart-Goshen

..

Fort Wavne
Garv Hammond

.

Kokomo
Lafavette West Lafavette
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
Iowa
Cedar RaDids
Des Moines
Dubuoue
Iowa City
Sioux Citv
Waterloo Cedar Falls

Wichita

1 afavptte
Lak6 Chariss
Monro6

See footnotes at end of table.

132




.

4.5
9.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

Government
1989

1987

1988

1989

155.4
2.4
1.9
99.1
5.4
6.2
7.3
4.4

161.2
2.3
1.9
103.5
5.7
6.4
7.4
4.5

163.5
2.1
2.0
105.8
5.6
6.0
7.3
4.9

539.9
8.1
9.6
320.8
32.6
16.0
21.9
23.4

573.1
7.9
10.2
336.7
32.9
17.5
23.2
25.2

609.5
8.5
11.1
356.8
34.4
18.2
24.6
26.0

476.6
12.5
18.5
194.5
33.5
20.6
33.5
15.7

494.1
12.6
19.1
203.6
34.2
20.7
33.3
16.0

512.7
12.9
19.6
210.4
35.1
20.8
35.0
16.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

33.7
28.4

34.4
28.8

35.1
28.6

126.5
97.2

133.3
100.2

144.6
109.0

96.1
80.8

99.5
83.5

101.5
84.8

Idaho
Boise City

19.2
7.6

19.2
7.6

19.3
7.7

67.9
19.2

72.1
20.6

76.3
21.8

73.3
17.0

76.0
17.5

78.1
18.3

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

359.5
7.3
9.7
3.4
259.2
8.0
2.6
3.8
1.5
6.9
7.1
5.2
8.1

369.0
8.2
10.2
3.3
265.7
7.7
2.3
3.7
1.4
8.2
7.5
5.3
7.9

372.4
7.3
10.8
3.1
269.5
7.7
2.3
3.5
1.3
10.0
7.2
5.2
8.1

1,167.9
29.8
12.4
15.9
786.0
31.9
10.8
20.8
8.7
41.8
34.6
27.6
24.6

1,242.0
31.3
13.0
16.5
823.1
33.5
11.6
22.6
8.8
44.0
37.2
29.0
25.8

1,278.8
32.3
13.2
17.5
856.8
34.7
11.6
23.2
8.5
43.9
39.2
29.1
26.1

724.5
15.1
12.5
33.4
356.5
26.9
5.2
16.1
6.6
28.9
16.1
11.8
31.8

738.8
15.5
12.5
33.6
367.2
26.8
5.6
16.6
6.5
30.5
15.9
12.1
32.6

738.0
15.8
12.6
35.0
368.2
26.7
5.7
16.9
6.5
30.7
15.8
12.0
33.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

115.3
1.6
1.7
2.5
5.1
12.1
8.2
45.6
1.4
3.0
1.6
6.2
1.9

118.6
1.6
1.9
2.7
5.3
12.3
8.3
47.7
1.4
3.1
1.7
6.0
2.0

122.1
1.6
2.0
3.0
5.4
12.6
8.3
49.3
1.4
3.1
1.7
6.2
2.0

451.9
9.7
8.1
13.0
28.7
37.8
47.7
135.4
6.5
11.2
10.3
30.7
11.0

478.3
10.2
8.8
14.0
30.5
40.6
51.1
144.6
6.7
12.1
10.9
32.9
11.7

503.2
10.7
9.7
15.6
33.1
45.3
54.1
153.4
7.1
13.3
11.2
34.9
12.2

347.2
5.8
17.0
5.6
11.9
17.3
30.5
89.9
5.4
19.7
10.7
11.1
10.3

354.5
5.9
17.3
5.6
12.3
17.4
30.9
91.7
5.5
19.9
11.0
11.3
10.3

358.5
6.1
17.5
5.9
12.0
17.1
31.1
93.8
5.7
20.4
10.8
11.4
10.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

64.5
4.8
26.8
1.4
1.5
2.6
3.0

66.2
4.7
29.1
1.4
1.4
2.5
2.9

68.4
4.6
31.4
1.5
1.4
2.5
2.9

248.1
19.0
52.4
12.0
8.0
13.8
14.3

263.0
21.1
55.0
12.5
8.6
14.0
15.1

276.1
22.9
57.8
12.8
9.5
14.6
15.5

210.2
10.2
29.5
3.4
25.1
6.4
12.0

212.1
10.1
30.3
3.5
24.2
6.5
12.3

217.0
10.8
31.1
3.6
25.5
6.7
12.7

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

56.8
1.1
6.2
11.2

57.7
1.3
6.4
11.1

58.1
1.5
6.6
10.9

202.6
5.7
20.5
53.9

215.1
6.4
21.1
54.4

231.0
7.3
21.7
59.3

199.0
10.8
20.8
25.9

204.4
11.1
21.3
27.6

210.9
11.7
21.8
27.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

60.0
9.1
27.9
1.4

59.4
9.3
26.5
1.4

60.5
9.4
27.0
1.5

277.4
41.7
104.3
7.7

296.0
44.4
112.9
7.9

312.9
48.0
120.0
8.4

240.2
38.2
59.9
5.0

246.1
40.6
60.9
5.1

253.2
41.8
61.9
5.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

84.5
2.6
13.5
2.3
3.9
2.7
4.5
34.1
7.4

82.3
2.5
13.3
2.2
3.6
3.0
4.4
33.5
6.9

78.7
2.5
13.1
2.1
3.3
3.1
4.3
33.2
6.3

319.2
11.0
43.3
8.7
17.3
11.1
11.6
132.9
31.1

335.0
11.3
46.8
9.1
18.7
11.9
12.1
140.4
31.1

344.9
11.5
49.8
9.5
19.4
12.7
12.5
147.5
32.0

313.1
12.6
54.7
10.6
12.6
10.3
10.9
86.6
25.1

312.6
12.7
54.0
10.4
12.5
10.8
11.6
86.1
25.4

312.2
12.6
53.3
10.5
12.5
10.7
11.3
86.2
25.3

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




133

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

501.1
39.2
121.9

527.1
40.7
128.8

543.7
41.4
132.0

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,028.0
1,092.1
459.7
718.4

2,102.3
1,120.7
470.7
751.0

2,147.7
1,141.5
478.1
772.9

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,061.8
1,717.1
72.4
55.4
40.2
161.5
106.4
66.9
42.0
237.5
198.9

3,126.2
1,751.1
74.1
56.1
41.9
165.4
109.5
68.4
42.7
242.6
205.6

3,115.4
1,741.2
74.4
57.0
41.5
164.9
106.8
68.3
42.6
243.1
204.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,735.8
164.2
57.6
63.8
1,865.9
169.8
314.9
52.0
104.4
205.4
56.5
151.4

3,819.2
170.6
58.7
65.3
1,904.7
160.0
332.1
52.2
108.5
210.3
57.8
155.3

3,904.5
172.5
59.8
66.6
1,935.9
164.8
343.6
54.2
111.5
212.9
58.4
159.1

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

1,958.4
88.7
1,278.8
56.7
68.4

2,028.1
91.8
1,317.6
59.9
72.2

2,091.2
95.5
1,353.2
63.4
77.3

864.4
175.7

896.2
180.7

921.4
185.0

2,197.8
740.3
1,122.5
107.9

2,258.9
759.6
1,148.6
113.1

2,308.0
774.8
1,174.6
116.8

Montana

274.1

282.9

290.5

5.7

6.2

6.3

8.8

9.0

9.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

667.2
111.8
301.7

688.1
116.2
310.5

705.7
118.8
321.4

1.7

1.6

1.5

24.5
(2)
2
()

24.5
4.1
11.9

23.9
3.9
11.6

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

500.2
284.6
131.5

537.6
307.6
136.8

582.3
341.0
141.2

13.6
.3
1.5

30.1
18.7
6.9

36.3
22.7
7.4

45.6
31.4
7.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

512.8
85.2
93.3
109.0

529.0
86.3
95.3
112.5

526.5
87.2
94.0
112.8

.4

36.8
6.0
()
(2)

35.9
5.8
5.0
6.0

31 1
5.6
4.0
5.2

New Jersey
Atlantic City
,
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,581.6
163.2
664.2
421.9
242.6
514.3
321.8
949.7
192.8
55.5

3,659.5
168.9
672.6
437.3
247.4
532.1
331.4
956.4
197.0
57.8

3,709.8
170.7
674.1
452.8
252.0
542.7
339.1
973.6
198.5
58.6

164.4

170.5
10.0
33.4
24.5
7.0
23.6
21.2
38.6
5.3
2.4

167.5
98
32.2
25.7
7.0
23 3
20.8
38.7
5.4
2.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

134




0.1
(2)
(2)

0.2
(2)
(2)

1

(2)
(*)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

.1
.2
.2

9.9

10.5
(1)
(1)

.8

01
(1)
()
(1)

O

1.1

o

(11)
()

()

()

O
(1)

01
()

2

.7

2.3

.7

7.5
5.3

80.1
4.0
53.1
1.9
3.6

77.8
3.3
51.6
2.1
3.6

79.3
3.6
51.6
2.2
3.9

5.9
.7

33.9
8.4

35.2
8.5

36.4
7.8

5.2

98.7
(2)
2
()
(2)

97.4
34.6
60.1
4.8

97.5
32.7
61.6
4.7

1.1

2.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.7

.6

V)

2

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.8

(1)
.4

137.8
5.7
2.3
1.7
65.2
5.2
16.4
1.9
4.2
6.3
2.3
8.1

01
()
2.4

.6

(1)

132.2
6.0
2.0
1.7
63.8
5.2
16.2
1.7
3.7
6.2
2.5
7.8

(1)

O
(11)
()
O

(1)

123.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
61.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.1
.2
.2

O
(1)

0)
(11)
()

O
(1)

127.7
64.9
3.5
2.5
2.1
7.1
4.9
3.0
2.1
9.2
9.0

(1)
(1)
(1)

11.1
.2
1.2

.6

(1)
(1)

142.1
73.3
3.8
2.7
2.6
8.0
5.7
3.3
2.4
10.2
10.3

10.7

V)
(1)
O

5.3

0
0)

O
(1)
0

I21)
(2)
()

6.2
.8
(1)
(1)
(1)

8.1
.3
.9

137.7
69.5
3.8
2.4
2.5
8.2
(2)
3.2
2.3
9.8
9.6

()
(1)
(1)

5.5

O
0)

162.3
77.6
20.7
71.6

2

6.0
.9

0)
(1)

161.1
75.7
19.9
69.1

1.5
.6

7.2
5.0

6.0
3.9
2

(1)

152.3
73.2
()
(2)
2

01
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
0)

o
0
o
(01)

0
0

1.7
.3

(2)
(2)
(2)

.1
.1
.1

(1)
(1)
(1)

33.1
2.2
8.5

o
1.7
.9

1.6
.8

O
(2)

33.3
2.3
9.1

0)

()
(1)

(2)
(*)
(2)
(2)

31.5
2.2
8.4

()
1.7
.3

1.8
.3
(1)
(1)

0.1
2

.8
(1)

.4

.4

23.0
(2)
37.7
(2)
2.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1986

Wholesale and retail trade
1989

1987

1988

1989

Maine
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

104.1
10.1
15.9

108.0
10.3
17.3

106.3
9.7
16.7

20.5
1.4
5.8

21.2
1.4
5.6

21.9
1.4
5.2

123.7
9.6
36.5

131.8
10.2
38.9

138.6
10.9
40.5

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore Citv
Suburban Maryland-D.C

208.4
132.8
44.8
34.6

210.2
132.9
44.7
36.7

209.0
130.5
44.8
38.2

93.1
53.0
27.5
26.6

96.8
54.8
28.2
28.7

100.8
55.5
28.1
31.5

518.5
268.6
97.2
193.0

535.6
274.1
96.6
199.9

540.5
278.6
95.7
199.2

599.1
279.7
11.3
17.0
12.0
50.7
36.6
19.6
11.9
50.7
45.5

584.7
269.6
10.8
16.1
12.1
50.7
37.0
18.8
11.0
50.4
44.5

563.3
258.7
10.0
15.5
12.2
48.1
35.4
18.1
10.7
48.7
44.6

131.0
76.6
5.2
1.9
1.6
6.8
3.9
2.8
1.1
9.6
8.6

133.6
77.2
5.0
1.9
1.7
6.9
4.8
2.9
1.3
9.8
9.6

128.0
74.1
4.6
1.8
1.5
6.6
4.7
2.8
1.3
9.8
9.1

723.4
386.7
21.9
14.1
10.1
36.1
22.8
16.3
9.5
55.9
48.2

739.4
393.1
23.0
14.6
10.3
36.5
23.3
17.0
9.8
57.6
49.6

746.0
393.7
24.3
15.6
10.3
37.3
22.8
17.0
10.1
59.8
49.9

972.5
39.5
15.3
22.0
472.1
57.0
96.3
13.3
29.7
35.3
17.5
43.8

955.4
39.1
15.9
22.0
460.7
49.5
99.7
12.6
30.9
34.1
17.1
43.6

967.6
37.7
16.7
21.7
460.5
51.2
102.2
13.5
30.7
32.7
17.1
44.6

152.3
4.3
1.9
2.3
86.0
4.6
11.3
4.3
3.2
5.7
2.3
6.7

153.8
4.6
1.8
2.4
87.5
4.2
11.7
4.1
3.2
5.5
2.2
6.5

152.0
4.8
1.6
2.5
86.9
4.3
11.4
4.1
3.2
5.5
2.2
6.3

860.6
28.9
11.6
13.1
435.9
42.9
81.0
11.7
23.3
42.6
12.6
36.2

894.3
29.8
11.8
14.0
453.6
40.1
86.2
12.3
24.2
44.8
13.2
37.5

920.4
30.2
12.0
14.6
466 0
41.5
90.4
12.9
25.8
46.0
13.5
38.4

376.4
7.5
254.2
10.6
11.9

394.1
7.8
263.4
11.2
13.1

399.1
8.4
263.9
11.7
14.3

99.9
5.7
69.0
1.7
3.4

101.7
5.7
70.6
1.7
3.6

105.4
5.8
74.1
1.9
3.8

489.3
22.0
316.2
11.6
21.1

505.3
23.0
326.6
12.1
22.1

517.4
24.1
331.6
12.8
23.9

228.6
20.3

238.8
21.0

243.4
21.4

42.4
12.7

44.2
13.3

45.6
14.0

185.2
42.1

191.4
42.9

197.5
43.6

424.0
111.5
219.9
20.4

433.9
112.1
222.6
21.5

438.9
110.4
224.1
21.3

142.8
58.0
72.9
6.8

147.8
60.1
75.0
6.9

150.5
63.5
76.7
7.2

539.9
193.7
274.1
30.6

555.7
200.2
279.8
32.0

569.4
203.4
288.2
33.5

Montana

20.8

21.3

22.0

19.5

19.6

20.0

72.6

74.7

77.S

Nebraska

88.6
13.3
33.7

93.6
14.2
35.1

94.8
14.4
35.6

43.0
6.0
23.0

44.3
6.2
23.6

45.8
6.5
24.3

173.0
26.4
77.0

178 5
26.7
79.6

183 7
27 1
83.0

23.3
8.7
8.4

24.9
9.4
8.6

25.4
9.9
8.5

27.8
15.7
9.0

29.1
16.4
9.4

30.6
17.9
9.4

102 2
60.3
29.6

109 8
64.8
31.3

1197
72 5
32.5

117.5
12.6
36.2
20.5

117.9
12.3
35.5
21.2

113.9
11.9
34.3
21.1

17.3
5.2
2.3
2.9

18.4
4.7
2.6
3.2

17.6
4.8
3.2
2.8

130.4
23.8
21.7
28.6

135.9
24.1
22.9
29.7

136.5
23.3
23.3
28.7

675.4
8.4
159.6
72.5
48.9
113.0
30.1
181.3
31.0
15.3

666.3
8.6
155.5
73.2
45.3
115.8
29.0
176.0
30.4
15.5

653.5
8.6
150.3
72.7
43.6
114.6
28.0
174.5
29.0
16.7

237.6
6.4
28.2
18.4
32.2
42.7
16.9
80.5
6.4
2.1

239.9
6.8
28.8
19.3
33.3
42.4
17.6
78.6
6.7
2.1

241.9
6.6
29.6
19.6
33.8
41.8
17.3
80.9
6.7
2.2

862.0
35 8
190.0
114.6
60.0
123.9
88.2
196.4
31.0
11.0

882 4
37 4
193 4
1186
61.8
129.9
90.9
197 4
31.5
12.0

891 2
37 5
194 5
123 5
61 9
132.4
92.0
198 0
31 6
11.4

-

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchbura Leominster
Lawrence Haverhill

•

New Bedford
Pittsfield
Sorinafield
Worcester
Michigan
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
piint
Grand RaDids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
I ansina—East Lansino
Muskeaon
Saoinaw—Bav Citv—Midland

•••••

Minnesota
Duluth
MinneaDolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

•••••

-

MississiDDi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
Snrjnafield

Omaha

•'•
•

••

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New HarrtDshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth Dover—Rochester
New Jersev
Atlantic Citv
Beraen—Passaic
Camden
Jersev Citv
Middlesex—Somerset—Hunterdon
Monmouth—Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland Millville Bridaeton

"•"•
.

*

See footnotes at end of table.




135

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1987

1988

Services

1989

1987

1988

Government

1989

1987

1988

1989

24.8
2.2
12.1

25.1
2.3
12.0

25.5
2.4
11.8

108.0
9.9
28.2

115.9
10.3
30.5

123.6
10.6
33.4

88.4
3.8
14.9

91.6
3.9
15.4

94.7
4.2
158

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
BaltimorG Citv
Suburban Maryland-DC.

125.5
75.3
44.3
41.3

129.1
77.1
45.7
43.5

131.3
77.1
45.8
45.5

535.7
283.8
137.4
208.3

568.8
300.3
144.7
218.8

591.4
312.9
150.6
226.2

392.9
205.1
89.1
150.2

399.1
205.8
91.0
154.3

410.7
209.1
92.4
160.7

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg Leominster

217.9
149.8
3.2
3.0
1.7
6.3
4.1
2.5
2.0
16.0
13.8

221.5
151.2
3.4
3.3
1.7
6.5
3.9
2.5
2.0
15.9
14.4

217.9
148.2
3.6
3.5
1.6
6.5
3.8
2.5
2.0
15.6
14.2

853.9
554.5
15.1
10.3
7.9
33.2
20.4
12.9
10.4
57.0
49.1

896.6
581.3
15.9
10.7
8.8
35.6
21.5
14.0
11.2
59.3
52.3

924.7
596.0
16.4
11.1
9.1
37.6
22.0
15.0
11.6
60.8
52.6

397.2
199.5
11.9
6.7
4.4
20.2
13.0
9.7
4.7
38.4
23.9

406.7
204.4
12.2
6.8
4.8
21.3
13.3
9.9
4.9
39.2
24.9

406.3
205.0
12.1
6.9
4.8
21.8
13.2
9.9
4.7
39.1
24.5

179.6
4.6
3.7
2.5
105.8
6.0
14.6
1.9
4.6
11.9
1.4
6.0

186.2
4.7
3.4
2.5
110.3
5.8
15.2
1.9
4.8
12.2
1.4
6.2

188.6
4.6
3.2
2.6
111.0
5.9
15.6
1.7
5.0
12.8
1.5
6.3

826.0
31.6
11.9
13.8
464.5
31.0
65.9
9.7
23.4
37.9
11.6
31.7

863.3
34.8
12.3
14.2
484.4
31.9
70.4
9.8
24.5
40.3
11.9
33.1

900.2
36.7
12.5
14.9
505.4
33.4
74.2
10.1
2I5.2
41.9
12.3
35.0

611.6
49.8
11.3
8.4
239.3
23.4
31.0
9.6
16.8
66.1
8.8
20.4

623.5
51.4
11.4
8.6
243.4
23.3
32.8
9.7
17.3
67.3
9.3
20.6

627.3
52.7
11.5
8.6
239.7
23.2
33.4
10.0
17.5
67.7
9.5
20.4

119.1
3.1
92.0
1.5
2.3

119.6
3.1
92.7
1.5
2.3

120.5
3.2
93.0
1.6
2.4

473.8
21.2
322.0
23.5
14.5

501.6
22.4
336.2
25.2
15.0

534.4
23.6
358.6
26.9
15.9

313.8
21.3
171.6
5.9
11.8

320.8
21.5
176.0
6.2
12.4

327.6
21.7
179.8
6.3
13.0

38.4
14.3

38.9
14.6

38.9
14.8

138.8
38.4

145.4
39.8

153.4
4^.8

191.1
38.7

196.0
39.9

200.2
41 1

135.5
58.8
74.7
4.9

135.7
58.9
75.3

135.1
58.9
74.5
5.4

507.4
171.1
282.5
26.9

531.3
180.5
294.7
28.7

552.8
188.8
307.1
30.1

344.0
109.6
139.1
13.5

351.8
113.2
141.2
14.1

358.6
117.1
142.6
14.6

Maine
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

•

Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Snrinafield
Worcester
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Oetroit
Flint
Grand RaDids
Jackson
Lansing East Lansing
Muskeoon
Saainaw—Bav Citv Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
MinneaDolis St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

•

.

Mississippi
Jackson

•

•••••

Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
SDrinofield

5.1

Montana

13.2

13.5

13.2

64.1

68.0

71.6

69.4

70.7

70 1

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

48.0
8.1
28.9

47.4
28.1

48.3
8.5
28.9

153.0
24.0
81.9

160.5
26.1
86.1

167.2
27.2
91.3

135.3
29.9
45.2

137.8
30.7
46.2

140.5
31.3
46.8

23.4
14.0
7.0

24.5
15.2
6.8

25.5
16.4
6.6

221.2
134.6
53.6

235.1
145.0
55.2

251.1
156.6
58.0

64.1
32.3
16.1

67.0
33.9
16.8

70 8
36.0
17.3

31.3
8.4
3.8
6.4

32.3
8.3
3.8
7.0

32.7
8.7
3.4
7.2

113.6
21.0
17.6
19.8

119.4
22.6
18.4
20.3

124.3
24.2
18.2
22.8

65.4
8.3
6.6
24.6

68.7
8.6
7.0
25.0

69.9
8.7
7.6
25.1

226.8
7.1
37.5
24.1
12.4
36.1
18.0
76.8
9.4
3.1

236.1
7.4
38.8
24.7
14.4
38.3
18.7
78.3
10.2
3.5

242.7
6.9
39.2
25.2
16.5
39.2
19.5
79.9
10.5
3.8

871.4
70.7
150.3
98.7
41.8
104.6
87.1
242.7
55.5
10.1

911.1
73.1
154.5
105.1
46.3
109.7
92.0
250.6
56.9
10.4

951.7
75.1
160.0
112.1
49.3
117.2
97.7
261.5
59.3
10.3

541.8
24.8
67.1
70.4
40.5
70.4
60.5
133.6
54.5
11.4

550.9
25.6
68.1
72.0
39.3
71.7
62.1
136.1
56.0
11.6

558.8
26 3
68.2
74.1
39.8
73.6
63 9
139.2
56.1
11.6

Nevada
Las Veoas
New HamDshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth—Dover Rochester
New Jersev
Atlantic Pitv
Rprnen—Passaic

Middlesex-Somerset Hunterdon
Mnnmouth—Ocean

Vinplanri Millville Bridaeton
See footnotes at end of table.

136




•

8.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

529.3
231.4
39.4
54.0

547.5
236.9
41.1
55.4

560.6
240.8
42.5
56.6

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,059.4
403.1
119.6
436.0
38.3
46.9
1,125.7
4,113.6
3,591.4
80.0
101.3
116.5
463.1
96.7
296.3
120.4
407.4

8,186.2
416.4
123.0
447.2
40.2
(2)
1,137.4
4,134.0
3,605.0
82.1
105.0
120.3
479.1
100.0
304.1
124.4
410.3

8,265.0
427.6
121.4
459.6
41.5
(2)
1,143.3
4,140.9
3,609.3
84.8
107.8
120.9
489.4
102.5
311.0
127.4
409.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

2,862.6
77.3
575.5
468.4
382.6

2,986.6
81.1
598.6
486.9
401.1

3,067.8
84.9
615.1
486.8
420.5

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

252.8
36.7
70.6
29.8

256.7
37.6
72.8
30.2

260.3
39.0
75.1
31.0

01
(1)
()

4,582.6
265.1
156.4
677.7
891.6
658.0
429.8
278.0
188.3

4,700.6
272.7
160.1
701.6
911.3
680.5
437.7
286.6
193.8

4,817.2
282.2
164.1
726.4
935.2
701.7
448.9
293.7
198.1

20.9
.5
1.0
.4
1.1
.9
.4
.2
.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,108.5
21.7
33.9
402.6
290.7

1,131.5
21.6
34.1
410.2
296.5

1,154.0
21.4
34.4
421.5
304.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,100.1
105.1
554.4
96.5

1,156.0
109.8
583.2
101.5

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

4,915.1
271.7
50.9
50.5
110.2
292.9
77.6
178.8
2,141.9
772.3
855.8

5,041.7
277.4
51.7
49.6
114.4
302.6
79.0
184.3
2,186.4
775.9
878.9

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

1989

1987

1988

1989

14.9
.2
.1
.1

15.0
(2)
2
()
(2)

14.5
(2)
2
()
(2)

32.1
16.0
2.1
2.6

31.0
14.8
2.2
2.8

30.6
13.7
2.4
2.8

5.9
.4

6.0
.5

5.7
.5

328.8
18.7
(2)
2
()
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
118.8
(2)
2
()
6.6
18.0
5.1
(2)
2
()
(2)

337.8
20.7
5.6
17.4
1.7
(2)
60.5
153.5
120.1
3.5
5.6
7.0
18.5
5.0
15.2
4.1
26.1

336.1
20.9
5.5
17.8
1.7
(2)
58.3
152.1
120.1
3.8
5.1
6.7
19.1
5.1
16.3
4.2
24.7

4.9

159.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

165.1
4.5
36.6
25.7
22.7

163.7
4.6
36.4
24.7
22.0

4.0

10.8
(2)
2
()
(2)

9.9
1.7
3.4
1.3

9.8
1.7
3.7
1.4

18.9
.6
.9
.4
.9
.9
.4
.2
.5

17.8
.6
.7
.4
.9
.8
.4
.2
.4

176.4
9.1
6.0
29.5
28.4
27.0
16.4
10.1
7.3

185.6
9.7
6.3
31.6
29.4
29.2
17.2
11.1
7.3

193.1
100
7.1
34.3
32.9
29.4
17.8
11.9
7.8

46.0
1.1
.3
11.6
14.7

44.3
1.0
.3
11.6
13.3

43.2
.9
.2
12.1
12.6

34.6
.6
1.2
12.4
10.1

35.1
.8
1.1
12.3
10.0

35.0
.6
1.1
11.5
10.5

1,206.6
114.8
613.8
104.5

1.4
.2
.5
.1

1.3
.2
.4
.1

1.4
.2
.4
.1

35.3
3.3
19.1
3.2

39.9
3.4
22.0
3.5

45.2
3.9
25.6
4.1

5,115.0
281.3
52.0
49.4
117.2
310.5
79.9
188.4
2,196.1
765.5
896.2

30.7
.6
()
1
()
(1)
.3
3.5
.4
1.1
(1)
5.4

28.7
.6

27.0
.6
()
1
()
(1)
.4
2.5
.4
1.1
(1)
4.5

218.3
13.0
2.6
3.5
2
()
12.3
2.7
10.4
100.3
17.4
41.6

229.6
13.7
2.5
2.3
3.6
13.4
2.8
11.3
105.4
17.5
41.4

235.3
13.6
2.5
2.5
3.7
14.1
2.9
12.0
103.7
17.6
41.9

1

()

O
(11)
(1)
(1)
()

.7

(1)

O
(1)

O
(11)
()
(11)
(1)
()

.7

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.8

0

.7

0)
(')
(1)
(1)

O
01
()
4.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.1

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.2
(1)
(1)
(1)

01
(1)
()

O
(1)
(1)

.4

(1)
(1)

(1)

4.9

1

.5

(1)
(1)
(1)

O
(1)
01
(1)
(1)
()

1

.3
2.9
.4
1.1

(1)
4.8

See footnotes at end of table.




137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1987

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City

Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania
.
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

138




1988

1989

1987

1988

Wholesale and retail trade
1989

1987

1988

1989

38.3
20.1
3.9
1.6

40.4
20.8
3.8
1.6

42.1
21.2
3.6
1.7

28.8
12.3
1.3
1.2

29.0
12.6
1.4
1.1

28.9
12.6
1.5
.9

127.7
59.3
8.1
10.4

130.3
59.6
8.8
10.5

134.2
60.7
9.0
10.8

1,218.4
48.9
37.8
77.0
7.8
10.4
175.3
461.3
380.7
24.1
14.7
30.3
132.5
15.0
52.5
24.0
63.8

1,213.0
47.7
38.6
77.6
8.5
(2)
170.5
450.3
370.1
23.9
15.1
30.6
136.3
15.3
53.4
24.6
63.0

1,192.4
46.9
36.1
77.3
9.0
(2)
162.5
437.0
360.6
24.0
14.5
30.2
138.3
15.0
53.2
24.5
59.4

405.3
16.5
4.4
21.3
1.4
1.3
48.3
240.5
214.9
3.6
6.0
3.3
14.4
4.1
17.9
4.3
20.8

412.1
16.7
4.3
21.7
1.4
(2)
49.4
244,0
218.4
3.8
6.1
3.5
14.5
4.7
18.2
4.3
20.3

406 5
16.8
4,3
21.7
1.4
(2)
47.8
237.9
213.2
3.9
6.5
3.6
15.2
4.9
18.5
4.2
19.1

1,693.0
85.9
25.5
108.9
10.5
11.1
302.3
758.3
634.2
18.5
26.8
21.7
99.2
22.7
70.3
26.4
97.0

1,717.6
89.4
25.9
111.6
10.6
(2)
303.5
758.1
634.3
19.3
28.5
22.5
101.8
23.2
72.5
27.1
96.1

1,736.0
92.2
25.5
116.7
10.7
(2)
303.2
755-8
633.3
20.4
29.9
22.4
105.2
23.8
75.2
28.1
94.3

856.0
19.3
152.8
153.6
58.0

867.5
19.2
155.6
155.2
60.2

867.8
19.9
154.3
150.7
62.8

141.0
3.7
48.3
27.1
17.3

147.9
3.9
49.0
27.1
18.6

152.3
4.2
49.8
26.4
20.2

643.5
18.5
139.4
105.6
82.2

686.0
19.6
147.8
110.5
86.2

713.2
20.7
153.6
112.3
90.3

15.8
1.9
4.9
1.6

16.4
2.1
5.1
1.7

16.4
2.2
5.3
1.6

16.3
2.6
4.4
1.6

16.8
2.7
4.6
1.7

17.0
2.B
4.7
1.6

67.5
9.8
20.8
8.3

68.3
9.9
21.3
8.6

69.4
10.3
21.7
9.0

1,098.9
66.4
44.0
146.0
200.6
103.9
104.3
62.2
48.9

1,110.6
66.2
45.3
145.7
203.3
102.6
105.0
62.7
50.5

1,123.0
67.7
45.6
146.7
207.0
104.8
104.5
61.6
50.0

207.8
12.8
5.7
35.7
41.5
28.2
15.8
13.7
7.6

212.1
12.8
5.7
37.8
41.5
30.0
16.8
13.4
7.7

215.9
13.1
5.7
39.3
42.1
30.8
17.5
14.3
7.8

1,096.3
65.6
39.3
170.8
214.9
167.2
96.9
68.4
48.2

1,133.8
68.0
40.1
180.0
220.5
174.0
98.7
71.8
50.1

1,168.3
70.5
41.2
190.0
225.5
180.4
100.8
74.3
52.9

156.8
1.5
3.5
47.6
48.0

161.4
1.5
3.3
48.1
51.0

163.0
1.6
3.4
48.8
52.4

63.3
2.2
1.5
20.1
23.0

63.7
2.1
1.6
19.9
23.6

65.0
2.2
1.9
20.7
24.1

270.4
6.4
8.4
99.9
70.9

273.3
6.3
8.3
101.5
71.4

275.9
6.3
8.4
103.4
72.6

206.2
19.9
94.4
14.5

214.2
20.9
98.3
15.3

217.2
21.1
101.0
15.6

58.5
4.2
34.6
2.9

60.5
4.3
35.7
2.9

62.9
4.4
37.3
2.8

276.7
26.6
145.2
21.6

292.4
27.8
154.3
22.8

309.6
29.1
163.7
23.5

1,044.0
77.5
11.2
9.9
34.5
52.0
13.0
60.0
374.8
96.0
123.8

1,055.2
76.5
11.0
9.4
35.5
52.2
13.8
59.9
373.7
92.2
125.4

1,049.8
75.7
10.3
9.1
35.9
51.7
14.4
59.1
364.9
87.2
123.5

247.2
14.1
4.5
5.2
3.9
18.2
5.1
7.0
99.2
45.0
45.6

253.3
14.3
4.5
5.0
4.1
19.1
5.1
7.4
101.1
44.4
48.0

253.8
14.2
4.6
5.1
4.4
19.2
5.1
7.6
99.6
41.6
48.2

1,121.6
59.8
12.9
11.3
23.9
66.2
16.5
42.8
497.3
148.1
215.7

1,155.6
61.4
13.3
11.5
25.1
68.8
17.0
44.8
508.7
149.3
222.0

1,176.4
62.4
13.9
11.6
25.5
71.1
17.2
48.6
512.6
147.7
226.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1987

1988

Services
1989

1987

1988

Government
1989

1987

1988

1989

26.9
14.8
1.6
2.0

26.6
14.7
1.6
2.1

26.5
14.3
1.7
2.1

123.0
63.9
6.2
14.3

133.4
67.9
6.9
14.8

139.1
70.5
7.5
15.2

137.6
45.0
16.0
21.8

141.6
46.3
16.2
22.3

144.6
47.9
16.7
23.0

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

793.5
22.4
4.1
26.5
1.4
2.0
75.5
583.0
549.7
1.9
4.1
4.6
21.8
5.0
19.3
6.6
27.6

797.3
24.1
4.2
27.8
1.4
(2)
79.1
577.3
542.4
2.0
4.5
4.8
22.7
5.3
20.2
7.1
29.0

794.5
24.8
4.2
28.3
1.4
(2)
83.3
567.0
530.5
2.0
4.7
4.9
23.0
5.4
20.0
7.3
30.3

2,212.9
100.9
21.9
111.5
9.4
10.6
286.0
1,255.8
1,112.0
16.0
21.9
25.8
112.2
24.0
71.1
26.0
114.7

2,268.8
105.6
23.3
116.1
9.9
(2)
292.9
1,272.7
1,123.1
17.0
22.4
27.6
118.5
25.5
73.1
26.9
119.0

2,346.8
112.7
24.6
122.9
10.4
(2)
304.3
1,307.1
1,149.9
17.7
23.5
28.7
121.7
27.0
75.5
27.8
124.8

1,402.1
109.5
20.8
74.0
6.3
9.0
178.8
661.5
580.4
12.6
22.2
24.1
64.3
20.9
50.4
29.0
56.5

1,433.6
111.8
21.0
75.0
6.6
(2)
181.5
678.1
596.1
12.6
22.8
24.3
66.0
21.1
51.5
30.2
56.9

1,446.9
112.7
21.1
74.9
6.9
(2)
183.9
684.0
601.3
13.0
23.4
24.4
66.1
21.3
52.2
31.3
57.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

126.2
2.7
36.5
23.0
22.9

130.3
2.8
37.4
24.0
23.3

132.3
2.8
38.0
23.6
23.6

488.8
17.9
102.9
83.2
93.2

526.2
19.3
107.9
92.3
99.8

560.3
20.3
115.1
96.5
107.7

442.3
11.1
61.4
51.2
87.0

458.7
11.9
64.3
52.1
90.4

473.4
12.5
68.1
52.6
93.9

12.6
1.7
4.4
1.1

12.3
1.6
4.4
1.1

12.2
1.5
4.5
1.1

61.1
10.5
18.9
6.6

64.0
11.1
20.0
6.8

65.9
11.6
20.9
7.0

64.6
8.4
13.8
8.9

64.8
8.5
14.0
9.0

65.6
8.9
14.3
9.3

243.8
10.6
6.5
40.4
54.9
57.0
17.9
11.6
8.2

249.0
10.5
6.5
42.0
56.1
58.7
17.9
12.2
8.3

252.6
10.4
6.8
42.6
56.9
59.8
17.7
12.1
8.6

1,051.2
57.8
35.6
168.0
233.5
154.4
104.5
70.3
43.8

1,096.8
61.8
36.5
176.4
243.3
162.5
108.4
72.9
45.2

1,140.8
66.3
38.0
183.1
252.0
170.9
114.3
75.9
46.5

687.3
42.2
18.5
86.8
116.8
119.4
73.5
41.5
23.7

693.8
43.2
18.8
87.7
116.3
122.7
73.3
42.3
24.1

705.7
43.5
19.0
89.9
118.0
124.8
75.8
43.3
24.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

59.8
1.0
1.6
24.8
17.2

58.7
1.0
1.6
24.2
16.8

58.5
.9
1.6
24.5
16.7

232.5
5.4
5.9
90.1
71.0

246.7
5.3
6.4
96.6
73.9

259.2
5.2
6.2
102.8
78.6

245.4
3.5
11.6
96.3
35.7

248.5
3.5
11.6
95.7
36.4

254.1
3.8
11.6
98.9
36.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

72.1
4.9
47.4
5.5

73.3
5.3
48.0
5.6

75.3
5.5
49.4
5.4

244.4
23.8
135.7
19.1

263.2
25.1
145.3
20.8

279.9
27.3
155.0
22.0

205.6
22.3
77.6
29.7

211.2
23.0
79.3
30.5

215.2
23.2
81.4
31.1

291.9
11.8
1.6
1.7
5.3
17.3
4.7
6.6
163.2
72.8
53.6

293.6
13.5
1.8
1.7
5.3
18.4
4.7
7.0
163.1
71.5
52.2

296.3
14.4
1.9
1.7
5.5
20.0
4.4
7.3
159.8
70.0
53.6

1,272.9
65.5
10.8
11.3
25.8
61.4
19.3
36.4
607.4
250.3
265.4

1,331.0
67.5
11.2
11.9
27.2
64.9
19.8
38.0
631.8
257.2
279.2

1,379.2
69.9
11.5
11.5
28.3
67.7
20.6
39.6
651.4
259.2
291.7

688.7
29.5
7.3
7.7
13.3
65.4
12.8
15.0
298.6
142.8
104.7

694.6
30.0
7.4
7.9
13.6
65.4
12.9
15.6
301.5
143.8
105.9

697.1
30.5
7.2
7.9
14.0
66.3
12.8
15.9
303.0
142.2
106.8

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




139

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
1987

1988

1989

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

146.8
289.6
40.3
53.1
49.7
169.8

150.1
298.9
42.1
55.5
51.0
177.0

154.7
305.3
43.2
58.8
51.8
180.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

451.9
131.2
318.2

459.4
131.2
323.7

461.0
132.4
327.9

1,392.2
185.8
223.6
308.2

1,448.5
193.2
232.9
321.9

1,502.4
196.9
238.9
332.3

256.9
34.8
65.1

266.1
35.2
68.6

274.9
36.4
70.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,011.6
190.3
159.5
251.9
422.0
476.7

2,092.1
195.6
163.7
259.7
452.8
490.0

2,153.4
195.9
167.7
264.5
459.5
493.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

6,516.9
48.4
77.2
353.0
129.9
57.0
65.7
47.3
124.5
1,310.4
187.7
533.1
71.0
1,386.8
69.3
35.7
64.6
91.4
88.2
43.6
42.4
36.4
499.7
37.4
45.2
61.2
26.9
77.3
49.8

6,677.8
48.8
77.1
355.2
133.4
59.2
68.6
50.1
125.7
1,328.2
194.8
549.0
71.9
1,447.9
70.6
38.9
66.4
93.3
93.2
45.3
43.6
37.0
502.6
37.1
45.0
60.7
27.4
78.8
50.7

6,809.6
48.4
76.7
362.7
135.1
62.1
73.3
51.8
127.0
1,347.4
202.2
562.9
74.4
1,500.8
73.0
42.1
67.1
95.0
97.9
44.6
42.6
36.8
512.9
36.9
46.5
61.3
27.7
80.3
50.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

140




1987

1988

1989

(1)

(1)

(1)

0.7
1

()
.3

(2)

()
.4

.4

1989

7.1
13.6
1.3
2.5
2.2
9.8

7.2
14.6
1.4
3.0
2.5
10.7

.4

.5

.5

2.3
2.0
9.3

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

.1
.2
.1

19.6
5.4
14.3

21.2
6.0
15.4

20.1
5.3
15.1

86.7

90.7
13.4
14.4
22.9

93.0
13.4
14.2
23.2

9.6
2.1

9.5
1.7
2.9

10.1
1.8
3.1

95.2
7.9

96.7
8.0
7.4
13.6
19.6
27.5

97.4
7.8
7.6
15.0
19.1
24.9

328.8
1.9
3.5
14.0
9.3
6.8
2.1
1.9
8.0
54.1
8.9
22.6
4.7
88.0
3.5
1.2
3.4
3.2
4.1
1.4
2.2
1.5
25.1
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.5
3.5
1.8

315.2
1.6
3.4
11.4
9.9
8.3
2.0
1.6
9.0
47.3
7.9
21.1
6.2
95.1
3.3
1.2
3.0
3.1
4.2
1.3
2.0
1.2
21.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.9
1.6

(1)

(1)

(1)

1.7
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1

.1
1.9
1.7

()

1.9

1.8

1.7

12.4

(1)

(2)

1

(1)

(2)

184.3
1.9
1.3
.7
1.8
2.2

174.0
1.5
1.3
.7
1.5
2.1

(1)

(1)

.6
3.9
18.8
(1)
3.5
.5
65.8

.5
3.5
17.15
(1)
3.9
.5
65.5

0

0

0)

1.7
3.6
.4
.9
9.9
5.9
.5
2.4

1.2
3.0
3.4
4.0
1.3
2.3
1.8
29.5
(2)

.1
1.7
1.3

1.9
2.3
1.7
(2)

(1)

1.8

345.3
2.1
3.5
16.7
8.0
5.6
2
()
1.8
7.2
63.5
(2)
25.4
4.3
85.2
(2)

1.6
3.4
.3
.9
8.61
5.1
.5
2.2!

(1)
.1
1.9
1.5

(1)

(1)

(2)

(1)
( )

181.6
2.1
1.4
.8
1.6
1.9
(1)
.6
4.3
19.0
(1)
3.6
.6
62.5
1
()
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.8
6.0
.4
2.6

()

1

()
1.9

(1)
(1)

2

6.3
.7

6.6
.7
1

()

I2\

0

()
6.8
.7

I2\

2.7
3

2.7
.3
1

0

1.8

1.8
(1)

2.7
.3

0

1

1988

6.5
12.2

0.6

0.6

0

1987

1.5

1.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)

1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

1988

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
1989

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

47.7
71.5
9.5
7.4
16.3
58.9

48.1
71.7
10.8
7.9
16.7
61.8

48.4
71.0
11.5
8.1
16.2
60.9

6.6
15.4
1.7
1.3
1.8
7.2

6.6
16.0
1.9
1.4
1.8
7.4

6.6
16.0
1.9
1.6
1.8
7.4

32.7
65.8
10.5
10.1
11.1
41.1

33.2
69.2
10.4
10.8
11.5
42.7

34.4
72.7
10.5
11.5
11.7
43.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

116.3
52.8
73.4

112.4
50.0
71.9

108.5
49.4
69.9

15.6
3.5
12.1

15.6
3.6
12.0

15.4
3.8
11.4

103.3
32.1
69.8

105.6
32.8
71.6

107.3
33.8
73.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

374.0
19.8
28.7
100.0

385.0
20.5
29.1
103.2

390.7
20.8
28.8
103.9

59.0
10.0
10.2
11.4

62.3
10.6
10.8
12.3

63.6
10.1
10.9
13.1

308.4
45.9
49.6
71.5

324.2
47.6
52.1
74.9

339.0
49.4
54.2
77.5

29.3
3.2
8.4

31.6
3.3
8.5

31.7
3.6
8.4

12.8
1.8
4.8

13.5
1.9
5.3

13.4
2.0
5.2

67.4
10.0
17.8

69.8
10.4
18.9

72.9
10.7
19.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

497.4
46.0
53.2
50.6
53.6
90.3

511.9
46.6
52.6
52.7
62.2
90.2

523.7
47.3
53.9
52.0
61.7
90.0

103.4
9.0
6.0
9.8
38.8
24.2

109.2
8.6
6.2
10.2
41.6
25.2

115.1
8.0
6.2
10.6
46.4
26.8

477.2
43.9
35.7
63.6
116.3
116.9

495.6
46.6
37.4
65.8
122.0
119.6

507.6
47.0
38.4
68.7
124.7
120.4

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

932.0
4.6
9.8
40.1
25.1
15.3
9.7
3.2
11.6
220.8
37.5
115.8
8.5
146.5
8.0
1.8
15.3
7.1
12.4
2.7
3.8
5.6
46.9
11.1
7.4
10.9
2.9
14.7
8.4

962.6
4.7
9.6
41.6
24.9
15.4
10.0
3.6
11.7
223.7
40.6
120.2
8.3
156.5
8.2
1.8
15.8
7.1
12.6
2.5
4.0
5.5
47.7
11.2
7.4
10.6
3.1
14.9
8.4

969.5
4.9
8.9
44.1
24.7
16.0
10.5
3.6
11.5
223.9
41.0
119.9
8.9
162.2
8.6
1.7
16.1
7.3
13.2
2.4
4.2
5.4
48.5
10.9
7.2
10.8
3.1
15.4
8.4

382.0
2.5
5.7
10.9
9.9
2.5
3.1
1.5
7.0
74.1
10.4
44.4
5.3
98.4
2.7
4.3
3.2
4.9
3.0
2.1
2.1
3.2
18.8
2.0
1.8
2.8
1.4
3.3
2.6

389.4
2.5
5.6
10.7
9.7
2.6
3.1
1.4
6.7
74.1
10.6
47.7
4.9
102.3
2.6
5.0
3.0
4.8
2.9
2.4
2.2
3.2
19.2
1.9
2.0
2.6
1.3
3.4
2.6

400.7
2.6
5.6
11.2
9.6
2.5
3.2
1.3
6.7
77.7
10.4
51.9
4.8
105.7
2.7
5.8
3.3
5.1
3.1
2.3
1.9
2.8
19.5
1.6
2.3
2.7
1.3
3.4
2.6

1,642.6
13.4
22.3
78.2
31.9
11.1
17.5
10.1
31.9
343.6
45.7
138.0
14.2
349.8
16.1
10.5
16.6
27.1
26.7
10.2
12.4
9.4
128.5
8.2
10.7
16.6
7.7
18.9
11.9

1,656.4
13.3
22.3
77.7
31.8
11.1
18.0
11.1
31.8
342.9
47.3
140.8
14.0
357.4
16.3
11.9
17.0
27.8
28.7
10.5
12.7
9.3
127.8
8.1
10.5
16.1
7.6
18.5
11.8

1,685.5
13.2
22.3
78.6
32.2
11.4
19.9
11.6
32.0
347.0
51.1
144.4
13.9
366.7
16.7
13.6
17.0
27.7
30.7
10.7
12.5
9.1
130.1
8.0
10.8
16.4
7.6
18.5
11.7

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)

1987

1988

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area

1969

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

7.6
12.9
1.3
1.6
2.3
4.9

8.1
13.0
1.4
1.7
2.4
4.9

8.8
13.1
1.3
1.8
2.4
5.0

29.3
70.0
10.9
9.5
9.7
30.0

30.4
73.2
11.2
9.9
9.9
31.9

32.0
75.9
11.6
10.5
10.4
33.5

16.4
41.2
5.1
20.7
6.6
18.1

16.7
41.6
5.1
20.9
6.6
18.1

17.2
41.5
5.0
21.9
6.9
18.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

25.6
3.6
21.3

27.2
3.8
22.7

27.0
3.9
22.2

113.1
23.5
83.5

118.3
24.6
86.5

123.7
2(3.0
91.9

58.2
10.1
43.8

58.9
10.2
43.7

58.9
10.1
44.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

63.4
8.4
17.9
12.0

65.6
8.8
17.8
12.1

68.2
8.7
18.3
12.3

240.9
38.6
42.7
51.6

257.3
40.6
45.8
56.2

275.2
41.8
47.4
61.5

258.0
49.9
60.5
40.5

261.5
51.6
62.9
40.4

270.8
52.7
65.0
40.8

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.3
1.8
6.2

14.6
1.6
6.5

15.7
1.6
7.3

62.1
8.9
17.9

64.5
9.1
19.0

67.1
9.4
1S.3

58.9
6.7
7.4

60.1
6.9
7.5

61.3
7.0
7.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

101.4
12.0
5.2
9.5
24.2
33.6

103.2
12.5
5.2
10.0
25.2
33.6

103.6
12.6
5.4
9.9
25.9
32.3

408.9
37.5
28.7
53.4
98.9
116.4

440.3
38.6
30.7
54.8
108.4
126.5

465.2
39.0
31.5
55.9
107.7
130.3

321.2
33.3
23.7
50.8
71.1
65.7

328.4
34.1
24.2
50.8
73.8
67.4

334.3
33.5
24.6
50.5
74.0
68.6

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshali
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

444.9
2.6
4.5
25.2
5.3
2.1
3.5
1.8
6.9
132.5
9.3
28.0
4.2
102.9
2.9
1.6
2.S
5.5
3.8
2.5
1.6
1.8
39.3
1.7
1.9
3.6
1.5
4.8
2.3

439.1
2.4
4.5
24.2
5.2
1.8
3.6
1.7
6.8
129.6
8.9
27.7
4.3
102.1
2.9
1.7
2.8
5.4
3.8
2.6
1.7
1.7
39.8
1.8
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.9
2.4

432.5
2.3
4.1
23.7
5.3
1.8
3.7
1.7
6.4
129.7
8.5
27.9
4.5
101.2
3.1
1.8
2.7
5.4
4.1
2.4
1.6
1.7
40.9
1.9
1.8
3.4
1.5
5.1
2.3

1,445.9
12.9
16.2
84.5
28.4
7.7
13.5
8.3
28.1
309.4
35.5
112.4
13.4
356.8
15.0
5.8
11.5
21.9
14.2
8.9
6.8
7.7
120.2
8.1
9.1
14.1
5.8
19.9
11.5

1,541.9
13.4
16.8
85.9
30.5
8.3
15.5
8.9
29.2
333.8
38.3
118.7
13.7
388.4
15.8
6.4
12.2
23.3
15.7
9.8
7.2
8.4
125.9
8.4
9.6
14.6
5.9
21.3
12.1

1,610.0
13.6
17.1
90.4
31.4
88
170
9.0
29.8
348.4
41.2
122.9
13.7
410.4
17.0
6.9
13.0
23.7
16.2
9.5
7.6
8.9
131.3
8.5
10.3
14.9
6.0
22.0
12.15

1,142.7
8.2
13.8
96.6
19.9
10.8
15.9
19.9
27.3
147.2
39.9
65.5
20.7
184.8
20.9
8.4
8.3
21.4
23.5
6.1
7.4
6.5
113.9
4.5
12.4
9.0
4.6
12.2
9.5

1,175.5
8.7
13.8
100.5
20.2
11.0
16.4
20.8
27.7
151.2
40.6
67.7
21.5
187.5
21.2
9.1
8.4
21.4
24.5
6.4
7.7
6.8
114.7
4.4
12.0
9.6
4.8
12.4
9.7

1,222.2
8.9
14.1
102.7
20.8
11.4
17.0
22.4
28.1
156.0
42.1
71.0
22.0
194.2
21.5
9.5
8.7
22.4
25.4
6.9
7.8
7.2
118.3
4.4
12.5
9.8
5.4
12.9
9.8

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

142




...

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
1987

1988

1989

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

640.0
74.5
445.8

660.0
81.3
454.6

690.8
86.7
475.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

245.6
33.5
74.5

256.1
34.6
77.4

261.3
34.6
80.3

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,680.4
31.0
65.2
40.4
71.2
553.4
706.3
438.9
121.1

2,772.5
32.3
67.7
41.3
73.6
568.0
742.7
454.2
122.7

Washington
Seattle

1,851.8
938.0

1988

1987

8.1

8.1
(1)
2.5

0

2.7

.5

1987

1989

8.1
(f)

2.6

.5

1988

1989

26.7
(2)
18.8

24.9
2.7
17.5

26.2
2.7
18.1

.5

(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

O

O

16.5
(2)
(2)

17.5
2.4
5.0

18.2
2.5
5.4

2,863.7
33.1
72.9
42.4
76.6
582.8
775.3
469.5
125.4

15.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
.6
1
()

15.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
.9
1
()

15.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.6
.8
1
()

182.9
1.0
3.7
1.8
3.5
39.5
53.0
28.8
7.7

191.0
1.0
4.1
2.0
3.7
38.1
58.9
30.2
7.6

195.9
1.1
4.4
2.2
3.7
37.4
63.1
30.6
7.8

1,943.2
991.9

2,045.3
1,054.5

3.0
.6

3.3
.5

3.6
.6

88.9
48.1

96.6
52.3

106.6
57.0

599.0
106.2
102.6
59.3
58.1

609.8
107.4
106.1
60.5
59.3

612.8
108.1
109.1
60.9
59.8

36.4
2.2
1.3
.6
2.3

34.6
1.9
1.5
.5
2.3

33.5
1.9
1.4
.5
2.1

24.0
4.2
4.2
2.9
2.0

24.3
4.2
4.6
3.1
2.1

23.4
4.1
5.0
3.1
2.1

2,168.5
151.6
57.2
97.0
57.1
42.5
53.0
205.1
722.4
73.8
49.5
48.8

2,229.7
156.3
60.2
101.1
58.5
40.0
53.8
212.3
746.4
76.7
51.8
52.5

2.3

Wausau

2,089.6
144.4
55.1
93.6
54.4
41.2
51.4
199.7
698.0
70.6
46.8
45.8

72.2
(2)
2
()
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

76.4
7.4
1.9
3.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
7.9
24.6
2.2
1.6
2.0

80.8
7.0
1.9
4.4
1.9
1.5
1.9
7.9
26.9
2.6
1.5
2.1

Wyoming
Casper

182.6
26.8

189.0
27.6

193.5
27.6

17.1
2.3

10.8
1.6

10.4
1.7

10.1
1.5

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

770.6
49.7
55.1
49.8
473.3

816.1
52.3
57.6
52.8
502.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

<*>
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

35.5
(2)
2
()
(2)
26.5

41.2
(2)
2
()
(2)
30.2

39.6

41.5

(1)

(2)

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit

Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan

Virgin Islands

41.8

2.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.1

O
0)
(11)
()
(11)
()
(1)

V)
(1)
17.9
2.5

1

()

0)
(1)

18.1
2.7

.8

01
(1)
()

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

.4

.5
1

()

2.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.4

See footnotes at end of table.




143

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
ManufacturingJ

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

Wholesale and retail trade
1989

1987

1988

1989

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

92.1
10.5
62.0

99.0
13.2
64.1

102.6
13.4
66.5

37.8
2.8
28.8

39.3
2.7
30.2

41.3
2.7
31.4

152.8
16.0
111.7

156.7
17.6
112.8

166.2
19.6
119.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

49.6
4.6
16.5

49.7
4.9
17.0

48.2
4.8
16.3

10.1
.9
3.0

10.6
.9
3.3

10.2
.8
3.2

56.8
7.1
17.7

60.3
7.4
19.1

62.0
7.7
20.2

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

428.9
10.1
8.7
17.0
23.8
67.6
35.5
62.3
19.9

427.4
10.9
8.9
16.6
23.4
68.0
35.7
63.4
19.8

428.1
10.7
9.1
17.0
23.9
68.2
35.3
64.7
19.8

142.6
1.1
2.2
1.0
2.9
26.2
48.9
23.1
8.9

145.6
1.2
2.4
1.0
2.7
26.7
51.7
23.9
8.2

149.1
1.3
2.7
1.0
2.9
26.8
53.5
24.3
7.9

610.2
7.8
13.0
8.5
14.6
136.2
159.6
105.1
33.5

633.8
8.1
13.5
9.0
16.4
140.0
166.2
109.0
33.8

656.9
8.6
14.6
9.2
17.0
144.1
174.2
112.0
33.9

Washington

318.4
183.1

341.8
197.5

361.3
215.0

98.5
59.5

101.9
61.4

107,9
65 9

458.2
229.9

477.6
242.1

500.9
254.3

86.2
11.1
19.2
13.8
6.9

87.0
10.9
19.7
14.3
7.3

87.6
10.7
20.4
14.2
7.3

36.4
8.4
7.9
2.1
3.2

36.6
8.6
8.1
2.3
3.3

36,4
89
8.1
2.5
3.4

138.9
28.0
26.4
14.6
15.9

142.7
28.1
26.7
14.7
16.2

145.2
28.7
27.5
15.0
16.5

Wausau

528.7
50.5
10.4
24.4
17.5
13.3
10.8
23.2
168.6
24.8
19.3
12.7

551.5
52.7
11.1
24.5
18.5
14.2
11.1
24.4
172.7
25.7
21.1
13.7

556.2
54.1
11.5
24.6
18.3
10.6
10.5
24.9
173.9
26.3
21.9
14.9

95.0
5.1
3.2
6.8
2.2
1.4
2.3
6.9
34.5
2.3
1.4
2.7

97.5
5.3
3.1
7.3
2.2
1.3
2.2
6.9
34.8
2.3
1.5
2.8

99.9
5.3
3.4
7.3
2.4
1.3
2.3
6.B
36.3
2.3
1.6
3.0

494.3
30.9
15.5
24.6
13.4
9.2
14.2
44.9
159.6
16.3
9.0
11.2

510.3
32.4
15.9
25.2
13.9
9.6
14.8
46.4
164.4
16.9
9.2
12.1

529.9
34.3
16.7
26.2
13.7
10.2
14.6
48.8
172.2
18.0
9.7
13.3

Wyoming
Casper

8.2
1.3

8.7
1.5

8.8
1.6

12.9
1.8

13.6
1.9

14.4
1.7

41.9
7.7

42.8
7.8

44.4
7.9

151.0
15.8
19.9
9.5
64.2

154.7
16.4
20.3
9.7
65.0

18.2
(2)
2
()
(2)
14.6

17.9
(2)
2
()
(2)
14.3

136.7
9.5
7.7
7.8
93.8

145.5
10.8
7.9
8.4
100.3

2.1

2.4

2.6

2.5

9.3

9.6

Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan

Puerto Rico

Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

Virgin Islands

:

See footnotes at end of table.

144




(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.4

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
ANNUAL AVERAGES
1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

State and area
1987

1988

Services

1989

1987

1989

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.8
2.4
27.6

33.3
2.3
27.4

33.3
2.3
27.3

147.4
26.8
101.1

155.9
29.2
106.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.0
3.0
3.6

12.4
3.0
3.7

12.9
3.1
4.0

61.0
7.3
18.3

64.1

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

143.6

149.3
1.2

152.2
1.2
4.5

626.1
4.6

665.1

1.3
3.7
26.5

46.1
36.7
b.1

49.3

51.4

38.1
8.5

39.0
8.9

5.9
13.4
129.7
223.6
93.0
27.9

Washington
Seattle

107.5
68.0

109.4
69.1

112.3
71.2

24.1
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.7

24.3
6.3
3.8
2.3
2.8

112.6
7.1
1.9
3.3
1.6
1.1
1.4
17.7
48.8
2.3
2.2
3.4

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin islands
1
2

Combined with construction.
Not available.




1.2
3.4
1.2
3.7
26.8

3.8

1.3

11.9

Government

7.8

17.9
4.8
12.7
6.3
14.4

167.1
32.0

1987

141.5
13.4
93.1

142.7
13.7
93.8

146.0
14.0
96.2

66.9
8.0
19.1

39.0
8.2
11.2

40.9
8.3
11.5

42.4
7.7
12.1

703.3
5.0
13.4
6.4
15.9
146.6
252.1

530.3
5.1
22.2

544.4
5.0
22.3
5.1
9.3

563.3
5.2
24.4
5.4
9.5
133.2

97.4
29.4

103.7

31.6

420.1
217.8

443.9
233.4

473.4
251.3

24.0
6.2
3.8
2.1
2.9

124.8
25.2
20.2
13.4
15.7

131.1
25.8
22.8
13.7
15.9

115.3
7.2
1.8
3.4
1.6
1.2
1.6
18.3
49.7
2.3
2.4
3.5

118.1
7.4
1.9
3.9
1.6
1.3
1.6
18.8
50.4
2.4
2.6
3.5

459.8
27.7

487.6

8.1

192.7
16.3
8.6
8.6

7.5
1.5

7.4
1.4

7.3
1.4

32.9
5.6

33.9
5.8

34.9

36.0

112.3

120.5

28.2

28.6

9.5
80.3

9.9
87.3

1.8

2.0

11.9
20.0
11.5
8.5
13.8
43.2
181.5

14.8
7.9

138.2
240.1

29.8
12.7
22.0
12.5

130.3

140.3
91.4

145.2
94.5

15.3

15.5

357.2
130.9

368.8
135.5

379.4
139.4

137.5
27.2
24.0
14.1
16.4

128.2
21.1

129.3
21.6

19.6
9.6

19.1
9.7

9.3

9.6

125.1
20.5
19.0
9.4
9.2

508.5
31.2
13.9
23.7
13.3

327.8
16.9
10.7
10.9
6.9
6.1
7.0
55.6
83.2
8.1
5.2
6.1

334.0
17.0

9.3
9.7

325.0
16.6
10.4
10.7
6.7
6.2
7.1
56.4
81.5
8.1
5.4
6.0

36.5
6.2

50.5
4.9

54.1
4.9

54.9
5.0

281.2
15.9
18.5
16.7

165.3

299.4
16.4
19.6
17.4
176.7

12.8

13.2

8.5

8.8

14.7
45.6

15.2
47.2
202.5

9.5

1989

114.0

5.1
9.3
127.4
139.1
89.4
15.2

3.8
26.8

1988

16.8

10.9
11.0
7.4
6.2
7.6
57.7
83.9
8.3
5.3
6.2

13.5

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1989 benchmarks.

145

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

1987

1986

1989

1988

1987

1988

1989

41.4
41.1
41.5

41.4
41.5
39.9

41.2
40.9
41.6

$8.76
8.99
10.18

$8.95
9.11
10.37

$9.11
9.48
11.01

$362.66
369.49
422.47

$370.53
378.07
413.76

$375.33
387.73
458.02

42.7

42.1

44.4

11.79

11.98

12.01

503.43

504.36

533.24

40.6

41.1

41.2

9.97

9.85

9.93

404.78

404.84

409.12

41.0
41.0
40.7
41.4
43.1

40.9
41.0
40.9
41.1
43.3

40.8
40.9
39.7
41.4
43.9

7.88
7.10
8.47
8.55
10.69

8.07
7.20
8.66
8.52
10.61

8.26
7.42
8.70
8.86
10.28

323.08
291.10
344.73
353.97
460.74

330.06
295.20
354.19
350.17
459.41

337.01
303.48
345.39
366.80
451.29

40.3

40.7
41.1
39.6
39.5
41.1
40.5
40.5
40.7
40.2
39.8
40.7
38.2
40.3
39.9
38.4
40.5
40.7

40.7
41.6
39.6
39.3
40.9
40.3
41.2
40.8
40.2
39.8
41.0
38.2
40.4
39.7
38.0
41.3
41.6

10.75
(1)

11.16
11.36
12.08
9.22
10.62
10.35
13.31
10.61
9.99
11.51
11.24
13.02
13.20
11.26
10.66
10.97
13.20

433.23

0)
0)

10.80
11.05
11.73
9.40
10.33
10.23
13.02
10.28
9.66
10.84
10.99
12.94
12.64
10.91
10.04
10.42
13.00

0)

439.56
454.16
464.51
371.30
424.56
414.32
527.31
418.40
388.33
431.43
447.29
494.31
509.39
435.31
385.54
422.01
529.10

454.21
472.58
478.37
362.35
434.36
417.11
548.37
432.89
401.60
458.10
460.84
497.36
533.28
447.02
405.08
453.06
549.12

40.4
40.7

40.2
40.1

10.05
10.57

10.38
11.60

10.45
11.62

404.01
417.52

419.35
472.12

420.09
465.96

42.2
41.6
42.5
42.6
41.1
41.7
42.9

42.2
42.0
42.7
42.4
41.0
42.4
42.3

10.46
10.86
10.68
10.75
10.08
11.32
8.99

10.78
11.25
11.10
11.29
10.31
11.36
9.58

11.20
11.62
11.80
11.75
10.83
11.59
10.09

440.37
453.95
449.63
465.48
410.26
462.99
383.87

454.92
468.00
471.75
480.95
423.74
473.71
410.98

472.64
488.04
503.86
498.20
444.03
491.42
426.81

40.0
41.5

41.5
42.8

10.67
12.69

11.49
14.21

12.34
15.06

434.27
525.37

459.60
589.72

512.11
644.57

39.2

39.5

39.5

10.73

11.10

11.80

420.62

438.45

466.10

40.8
42.3
41.2
38.9
40.7
42.4
40.1
41.6

40.7
41.2
41.0
40.1
40.5
43.2
40.4
41.3

40.9
41.6
41.3
39.7
41.1
43.6
40.7
41.9

8.16
8.03
8.80
7.06
8.58
10.60
7.60
9.13

8.39
8.32
9.07
7.07
9.08
10.99
8.47
9.15

8.67
8.58
9.23
7.25
9.83
11.17
8.80
9.47

332.93
339.67
362.56
274.63
349.21
449.44
304.76
379.81

341.47
342.78
371.87
283.51
367.74
474.77
342.19
377.90

354.60
356.93
381.20
287.83
404.01
487.01
358.16
396.79

41.6
41.6
45.6

41.4
40.9
44.1

41.1
41.1
44.2

8.49
10.07
10.94

8.65
10.26
11.68

8.84
10.10
11.60

353.18
418.91
498.86

358.11
419.63
515.09

363.32
415.11
512.72

39.4
39.2

40.0
40.0

40.0
39.8

9.30
9.49

9.84
10.01

10.37
10.52

366.42
372.01

393.60
400.40

414.80
418.70

38.1

38.1

38.9

9.75

10.00

10.21

371.48

381.00

397.16

Average weekly earnings

State and area

Birmingham

1987

Mobile
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco

0)
O
0
0)

o

0)
0)

o
o

Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc

Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

V)

Colorado

O

Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

..

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .
Georgia
Atlanta

Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho

•

See footnotes at end of table.

146



40.2
39.5
42.1
41.8
42.1
43.3
40.7
40.9
42.7
40.7
41.4

V)
V)
1

()

(1)
O1
()
O1

()
O
V)
1

()

o1
()

O1
()
O1
()

0)1
()
0)
0)1
()
V)
V)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1987

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

41.6
42.1
40.6
40.5
42.0
40.4
41.6
41.3
39.5
40.0
43.7
41.8
42.2

1988

1989

1987

1989

1987

1988

1989

42.3
41.6
39.0
40.6
42.4
42.5
43.7
42.1
41.3
40.6
44.8
42.9
41.4

41.9
41.3
41.8
39.5
42.2
41.4
44.8
41.4
41.2
40.4
43.0
42.8
38.8

$10.85
10.49
10.79
9.32
10.60
12.76
14.02
11.72
9.92
10.97
13.10
11.18
11.72

$10.98
10.53
10.78
9.31
10.71
12.69
13.93
12.13
11.08
10.90
12.80
11.93
10.96

$11.22
10.68
12.13
9.69
10.92
12.82
14.38
12.36
11.63
11.45
13.36
12.15
10.22

$451.36
441.63
438.07
377.46
445.20
515.50
583.23
484.04
391.84
438.80
572.47
467.32
494.58

$464.45
438.05
420.42
377.99
454.10
539.33
608.74
510.67
457.60
442.54
573.44
511.80
453.74

$470.12
441.08
507.03
382.76
460.82
530.75
644.22
511.70
479.16
462.58
574.48
520.02
396.54

Indiana

0)

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.3
40.3
42.0
42.4
39.4

41.4
40.1
41.8
41.1
39.7

40.8
39.4
41.9
39.9
40.5

10.62
11.85
11.80
12.13
8.42

10.56
12.11
11.78
11.39
8.46

10.83
12.50
12.12
11.52
8.60

438.61
477.56
495.60
518.55
331.75

437.18
485.61
492.40
468.13
335.86

441.86
492.50
507.83
459.65
348.30

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.8
42.3
39.9

40.7
41.9
41.3

40.2
41.1
39.9

9.97
11.38
10.81

10.24
11.96
10.99

10.67
12.28
11.35

406.78
481.37
431.32

416.77
501.12
453.89

428.93
504.71
452.87

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

40.5
39.7
41.9

40.5
40.8
41.8

40.0
40.8
40.6

10.02
10.44
11.45

10.16
9.96
11.79

10.37
10.57
11.80

405.81
414.47
479.76

411.48
406.37
492.82

414.80
431.26
479.08

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

41.8
43.1
40.2
40.4

42.5
42.8
41.1
38.9

42.6
44.1
41.2
40.9

10.90
12.18
10.64
11.67

10.94
12.83
10.48
10.05

11.13
13.10
10.76
11.09

455.62
524.96
427.73
471.47

464.95
549.12
430.73
390.95

474.14
577.71
443.31
453.58

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

41.5
40.2
40.6

41.0
39.2
41.1

40.2
39.2
39.5

877
7.40
9.13

9.31
8.08
9.58

9.92
8.50
10.53

363.96
297.48
370.68

381.71
316.74
393.74

398.78
333.20
415.94

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

40.8
41.9

41.5
41.6

41.1
41.2

10.11
10.89

10.71
11.07

11.20
11.58

412.49
456.29

444.47
460.51

460.32
477.10

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.0
40.6
42.3
40.7

40.7
41.0
42.2
41.0

40.7
40.7
41.8
41.1

9.77
10.66
9.21
9.86

10.40
11.10
10.04
10.26

10.87
11.64
10.38
10.72

400.57
432.80
389.58
401.30

423.28
455.10
423.69
420.66

442.41
473.75
433.88
440.59

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

42.2
44.8
43.2
43.4
41.8
40.1
41.6
43.0
41.8
40.9
42.7

43.3
44.8
43.9
44.3
44.0
41.8
42.5
42.4
42.5
41.0
44.0

42.9
44.0
43.6
43.7
42.9
41.3
42.2
42.1
41.5
40.7
43.6

12.97
14.02
13.70
13.87
15.26
11.06
9.95
12.10
13.86
11.85
14.48

13.31
14.52
14.65
14.35
16.45
11.55
9.91
12.60
14.53
11.91
15.20

13.51
14.47
14.53
14.58
16.89
11.61
10.56
13.05
14.70
12.31
15.40

547.33
628.10
591.84
601.96
637.87
443.51
413.92
520.30
579.35
484.66
618.30

576.32
650.50
643.13
635.70
723.80
482.79
421.17
534.24
617.52
488.31
668.80

579.58
636.68
633.51
637.15
724.58
479.49
445.63
549.40
610.05
501.02*
671.44

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.9
38.1
40.8
39.0

40.8
39.1
40.9
40.2

40.5
39.3
40.8
39.5

10.37
10.83
11.15

9.43

10.59
11.51
11.10
10.38

10.96
11.69
11.52
10.20

424.13
412.62
454.92
367.77

432.07
450.04
453.99
417.28

443.88
459.42
467.71
402.90

Mississippi
Jackson

40.3
40.2

40.3
40.7

40.0
40.1

7.59
8.55

7.83
8.80

8.03
9.07

305.88
343.71

315.55
358.16

321.20
363.71

..

See footnotes at end of tabie.




147

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

Missouri
Kansas City.
St. Louis
Springfield ...

40.6
40.4
41.3
39.8

40.8
41.1
41.2
39.9

40.7
41.4
41.8
40.3

$10.00
11.14
11.63
8.58

$10.24
11.40
12.03
8.67

$10.49
11.60
12.42
9.00

$406.00
450.06
480.32
341.48

$417.79
468.54
495.64
345.93

$426.94
480.24
519.16
362.70

Montana .

38.6

38.7

39.2

10.61

10.68

11.15

409.55

413.32

437.08

Nebraska..
Lincoln ....
Omaha ....

40.5
40.7
40.5

41.1
41.2
41.5

40.8
39.8
41.4

9.33
9.90
9.98

9.38
10.47
10.33

9.55
10.55
10.34

377.87
402.93
404.19

385.52
431.36
428.70

389.64
419.89
428.08

Nevada
Las Vegas .

40.3
40.2

39.7
40.2

40.9
42.5

9.76
12.16

10.08
12.60

10.33
12.87

393.33
488.83

400.18
506.52

422.50
546.98

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.

41.2
40.4
41.4
40.1

40.7
40.4
41.0
41.2

41.2
41.0
40.8
41.3

9.29
9.41
11.26
9.23

9.97
9.97
12.20
9.12

10.36
10.42
12.65
9.61

382.75
380.16
466.16
370.12

405.78
402.79
500.20
375.74

426.83
427.22
516.12
396.89

New Jersey ....

41.2

41.0

41.0

10.40

10.86

11.17

428.48

445.26

457.97

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque.,

39.7
39.9

40.5
39.9

40.0
39.7

8.74
9.07

8.87
8.85

8.72
8.73

346.98
361.89

359.24
353.12

348.80
346.58

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Bhghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

39.9
39.9
40.4
41.7
41.2
(1)
40.2
37.4
37.1
41.2
38.6
41.8
41.8
39.5
41.3
41.8
39.6

39.9
40.8
41.1
43.4
41.5

10.09
10.56
9.22
11.98
9.54
(1)
10.69
9.51
9.36
12.88
7.97
9.40
11.97
10.31
11.22
9.56
10.40

10.43
11.06
9.33
12.29
9.50
11.13
9.81
9.41
13.47
8.25
9.94
12.41
11.25
12.29
9.71
11.33

10.67
11.34
9.42
12.91
9.45
0)
11.43
9.91
9.77
13.90
9.11
10.75
12.20
8.75
12.06
9.96
11.47

402.59
421.34
372.49
499.57
393.05

39.5
37.2
37.0
42.3
38.9
41.2
43.1
36.3
41.9
41.5
40.1

40.0
40.9
41.2
41.9
41.0
(1)
39.7
37.3
36.9
41.4
39.1
40.2
42.8
38.9
41.0
40.8
40.7

429.74
355.67
347.26
530.66
307.64
392.92
500.35
407.25
463.39
399.61
411.84

416.16
451.25
383.46
533.39
394.25
0)
439.64
364.93
348.17
569.78
320.93
409.53
534.87
408.38
514.95
402.97
454.33

426.80
463.81
388.10
540.93
387.45
(1)
453.77
369.64
360.51
575.46
356.20
432.15
522.16
340.38
494.46
406.37
466.83

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ....
Raleigh-Durham

41.2
42.0
42.1
40.7
41.9

40.5
41.3
40.5
39.8
41.6

40.3
41.2
40.7
39.3
41.3

7.84
7.88
8.08
8.65
8.93

8.12
8.23
8.44
9.03
9.20

8.41
8.44
8.92
9.13
9.51

323.01
330.96
340.17
352.06
374.17

328.86
339.90
341.82
359.39
382.72

338.92
347.73
363.04
358.81
392.76

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead .

38.7
37.6

38.7
38.4

39.8
39.7

8.43
8.50

8.36
8.64

8.79
9.07

326.24
319.60

323.53
331.78

349.84
360.08

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.

42.6
43.1
41.9
42.7
42.9
41.5
42.0
42.5
42.7

43.0
43.2
42.9
42.5
43.3
41.5
43.4
43.4
42.6

42.7
42.7
41.8
42.9
43.1
41.7
42.9
43.5
42.8

11.73
11.30
11.34
10.95
11.57
11.41
11.89
12.72
13.30

12.00
11.49
11.41
11.15
11.84
11.57
12.59
13.12
13.52

12.26
11.61
11.17
11.60
11.83
12.01
12.95
13.26
14.01

499.70
487.03
475.15
467.57
496.35
473.52
499.38
540.60
567.91

^3.00
496.37
489.49
473.88
512.67
480.16
546.41
569.41
575.95

523.50
495.75
466.91
497.64
509.87
500.82
555.56
576.81
599.63

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

41.2
40.5
41.3

41.1
41.5
41.6

41.6
42.9
41.6

10.14
11.18
10.66

10.35
11.50
10.80

10.44
11.47
10.21

417.77
452.79
440.26

425.39
477.25
449.28

434.30
492.06
424.74

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

39.2
39.5
39.4
38.0

39.3
39.9
39.6
38.1

39.4
39.4
39.6
38.4

10.56
10.66
10.80

10.60
10.61
10.74
8.96

10.80
10.77
10.89
9.21

413.95
421.07
425.52
341.24

416.58
423.34
425.30
341.38

425.52
424.34
431.24
353.66

See footnotes at end of table.

148




0

V)

0)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area
1987

1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

40.9
39.8
39.4
41.5
42.0
39.9
39.1
40.3
40.7
41.9
41.2
38.9

40.9
40.0
39.8
43.6
43.1
41.1
39.0
40.6
40.6
41.9
41.0
39.1
42.2
39.8
40.4
41.9

$9.98
10.53
8.64
11.06
10.28
9.35
8.41
9.70
10.85
11.18
10.18
8.75

41.5
42.6

41.1
40.3
40.5
43.8
42.2
40.6
39.4
40.6
40.6
42.0
40.9
39.5
42.8
39.4
40.2
42.5

8.54
9.42

$10.33
10.36
8.86
10.34
10.92
10.41
8.00
10.24
11.28
11.15
10.78
8.87
11.83
8.84
9.12
9.84

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.0
40.5
39.8

39.7
40.1
39.3

39.3
39.9
39.1

8.20
7.73
8.22

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

41.7
42.0
41.1
41.7

41.1
39.2
41.1
40.7

41.3
39.8
41.4
41.1

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

41.7
43.9

42.5
44.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.6
42.4
43.8
40.7
42.9
42.4

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

1987

1988

$10.66
10.61
9.39
10.68
11.30
10.75
8.14
10.65
11.71
11.15
11.09
9.24
11.81
9.29
9.49
10.17

$408.18
419.09
340.42
458.99
431.76
373.07
328.83
390.91
441.60
468.44
419.42
340.38

354.41
401.29

$424.56
417.51
358.83
452.89
460.82
422.65
315.20
415.74
457.97
468.30
440.90
350.37
506.32
348.30
366.62
418.20

$435.99
424.40
373.72
465.65
487.03
441.83
317.46
432.39
475.43
467.19
454.69
361.28
498.38
369.74
383.40
426.12

8.64
8.06
8.63

9.07
8.46
8.60

328.00
313.07
327.16

343.01
323.21
339.16

356.45
337.55
336.26

8.10
9.11
7.92
8.00

8.30
8.98
8.47
8.13

8.51
9.26
8.70
8.34

337.77
382.62
325.51
333.60

341.13
352.02
348.12
330.89

351.46
368.55
360.18
342.77

41.9
45.9

7.92
7.94

8.09
8.05

8.28
8.34

330.26
348.57

343.83
357.42

346.93
382.81

41.6
43.0
43.9
40.8
42.6
41.6

40.8
40.4
42.3
39.3
42.2
41.6

8.78
7.90
9.21
9.08
8.84
10.23

8.96
8.10
9.44
8.99
9.09
10.45

9.22
8.37
9.67
9.27
9.46
10.61

365.25
334.96
403.40
369.56
379.24
433.75

372.74
348.30
414.42
366.79
387.23
434.72

376.18
338.15
409.04
364.31
399.21
441.38

41.6
41.5
41.1
43.6
40.2

41.7
41.6
41.4
43.8
39.9

41.8
42.4
41.1
44.0
40.3

9.85
9.76
9.89
11.25
7.62

9.97
9.86
10.63
11.36
7.52

10.25
10.41
11.00
11.73
7.52

409.76
405.04
406.48
490.50
306.32

415.75
410.18
440.08
497.57
300.05

428.45
441.38
452.10
516.12
303.06

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.5
40.3

40.3
40.2

40.0
40.2

9.96
9.94

10.11
9.91

10.14
9.94

393.42
400.58

407.43
398.38

405.60
399.59

Vermont
Burlington

40.6
41.0

40.4
41.2

41.0
41.2

9.12
9.98

9.47
9.72

9.94
10.23

370.27
409.18

382.59
400.46

407.54
421.48

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.1
41.9
41.2
42.6
41.8
39.4
41.4
41.5

40.8
42.0
41.6
42.1
41.5
39.1
41.4
41.9

40.9
40.7
41.8
41.9
41.8
39.6
41.9
41.1

9.14
7.80
7.43
8.27
8.62
9.84
11.77
8.86

9.37
7.77
7.93
9.10
9.29
10.35
11.92
10.65

9.69
7.90
8.32
9.42
9.48
10.70
12.63
11.29

375.65
326.82
306.12
352.30
360.32
387.70
487.28
367.69

382.30
. 326.34
329.89
383.11
385.54
404.69
493.49
446.24

396.32
321.53
347.78
394.70
396.26
423.72
529.20
464.02

Washington

39.9

40.1

39.4

11.73

11.90

12.14

468.03

477.19

478.32

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.6
42.3
39.7
41.8
41.2

40.6
42.7
41.0
41.9
42.0

40.7
43.2
41.0
42.4
42.3

10.55
13.01
12.05
12.21
12.02

10.81
13.28
12.85
12.68
13.26

11.16
13.60
12.81
13.02
13.44

428.33
550.32
478.39
510.38
495.22

438.89
567.06
526.85
531.29
556.92

454.21
587.52
525.21
552.05
568.51

See footnotes at end of table.




149

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
ANNUAL AVERAGES
2. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

State and area

1987

1988

1989

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit...
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.4
42.7
40.9
41.6
38.4
40.6
39.9
40.7
41.5
40.9
41.7
42.7

41.8
43.1
40.9
41.6
42.1
41.7
39.8
40.7
41.7
40.4
43.0
42.6

41.5
43.2
42.6
41.6
41.2
41.0
40.2
40.9
41.6
39.8
42.3
42.3

Wyoming

38.8

38.5

39.8

Puerto Rico

38.9

39.1

Virgin Islands

42.2

40.4

1




1988

1989

1987

1988

1989

$10.55
10.83
10.76
11.30
12.18
12.32
9.14
9.86
11.72

$10.61
11.26
11.08
11.22
12.67
13.02
9.08
9.97
11.51
10.63
S.74
10.10

$10.76
11.70
10.95
11.38
12.9(5
11.93
9.4B
10.04
11.62
10.90
10.45
10.40

$436.77
462.44
440.08
470.08
467.71
500.19
364.69
401.30
486.38
452.35
399.90
424.44

$443.50
485.31
453.17
466.75
533.41
542.93
361.38
405.78
479.97
429.45
418.82
430.26

$446.54
505.44
466.47
473.41
533.95
489.13
381.10
410.64
483.39
433.82
442.04
439.92

10.27

10.58

378.30

395.40

421.08

211.23

216.61

396.68

398.34

11.06
9.59
9.94
9.75

5.54
5.43

Not available.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

150

1987

9.86
9.40

10.861

453.70

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1989
benchmarks.




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
1988

1989

1,873.0
436.2
131.1
209.6
136.1
69.6

1,907.0
443.2
133.3
211.6
139.2
71.6

135.0
26.1
6.7
18.7
8.4
3.8

250.0

253.0

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,660.0
1,031.5
313.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1988

1989

134.0
25.3
6.7
17.9
8.7
3.7

7.2
6.0
5.1
8.9
6.2
5.4

7.0
5.7
5.0
8.5
6.2
5.1

23.0

17.0

9.3

6.7

1,707.0
1,060.7
316.0

104.0
52.5
16.1

89.0
45.4
14.1

6.3
5.1
5.1

5.2
4.3
4.5

1,109.0
61.3
92.7
262.4
37.1

1,135.0
63.4
93.8
269.5
37.6

85.0
2.6
6.2
16.9
3.1

82.0
2.4
7.4
16.9
2.9

7.7
4.2
6.7
6.4
8.3

7.2
3.7
7.8
6.3
7.8

14,133.0
1,369.9
235.0
307.0
4,163.6
157.2
1,078.7
357.2
956.8
707.0
1,126.5
875.9
838.7
179.1
197.4
197.7
190.5

14,518.0
1,420.5
235.5
312.1
4,231.1
162.3
1,117.9
368.8
1,018.5
731.4
1,173.4
889.3
846.8
182.5
203.1
199.9
196.0

748.0
41.2
23.4
32.8
203.6
18.9
49.6
18.9
55.5
37.9
48.2
31.5
33.2
8.0
9.3
19.1
10.6

737.0
41.5
24.7
31.3
196.8
18.3
46.9
19.0
58.5
36.0
46.2
29.2
32.3
7.6
8.8
18.8
10.3

5.3
3.0
9.9
10.7
4.9
12.0
4.6
5.3
5.8
5.4
4.3
3.6
4.0
4.4
4.7
9.7
5.6

5.1
2.9
10.5
10.0
4.7
11.3
4.2
5.1
5.7
4.9
3.9
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.3
9.4
5.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,708.0
133.3
880.7

1,695.0
134.5
870.9

110.0
6.4
52.6

98.0
6.0
46.7

6.4
4.8
6.0

5.8
4.4
5.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,739.0
230.1
420.8
72.5
273.0
114.6
100.7

1,761.0
229.8
428.2
73.8
276.4
115.0
102.3

52.0
8.6
11.6
2.3
7.8
2.3
3.8

64.0
10.8
13.9
3.0
9.7
2.8
4.8

3.0
3.7
2.8
3.2
2.9
2.0
3.8

3.7
4.7
3.3
4.1
3.5
2.4
4.7

349.0
302.2

362.0
313.3

11.0
11.1

13.0
12.0

3.2
3.7

3.5
3.8

District of Columbia
Washington

332.0
2,184.7

315.0
2,216.1

16.0
63.6

16.0
59.5

5.0
2.9

5.0
2.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach .
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

6,081.0
151.9
637.3
139.6
106.0
453.6
177.7
184.3
934.8
582.5
148.3
121.1
128.1
989.2
408.0

6,193.0
155.0
648.8
146.6
106.1
451.9
179.3
187.8
944.6
607.6
147.5
122.5
132.3
996.3
420.4

304.0
6.6
26.3
5.0
3.3
24.1
14.3
8.6
50.0
26.4
9.1
4.1
4.8
45.5
20.5

348.0
8.4
33.0
5.7
3.4
25.9
15.2
9.8
60.2
30.8
9.5
4.6
5.6
49.8
25.2

5.0
4.5
4.1
3.6
3.1
5.3
8.0
4.6
5.4
4.5
6.1
3.4
3.7
4.6
5.0

5.6
5.4
5.1
3.9
3.2
5.7
8.5
5.2
6.4
5.1
6.5
3.7
4.2
5.0
6.0

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

1988

1989

See footnotes at end of table.

151




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
1988

1989

3,153.0
53.9
74.5
1,493.7
183.4
100.5
130.2
113.6

3,195.0
52.9
76.9
1,512.5
188.4
98.7
132.6
113.3

183.0
5.0
3.3
76.1
10.8
6.7
6.9
7.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

518.0
383.7

525.0
384.5

Idaho
Boise City

479.0
108.0

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

1988

1989

177.0
4.0
3.3
77.3
9.8
5.6
6.5
5.9

5.8
9.2
4.5
5.1
5.9
6.7
5.3
6.5

5.5
7.6
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.7
4.9
5.2

16.0
10.6

13.0
8.6

3.2
2.8

2.6
2.2

489.0
113.3

28.0
4.1

25.0
3.8

5.8
3.8

5.1
3.4

5,809.0
176.9
69.2
88.8
3,191.2
182.3
59.9
198.9
44.5
279.4
157.3
152.0
111.4

6,015.0
182.6
74.5
91.6
3,298.2
185.1
60.9
206.7
46.2
297.0
163.7
155.9
115.0

395.0
9.5
3.5
3.8
199.4
13.8
5.2
14.8
4.2
12.0
10.7
11.2
5.8

359.0
9.8
3.3
3.7
182.8
11.8
4.5
13.5
3.6
11.4
9.7
9.4
5.4

6.8
5.4
5.1
4.2
6.2
7.5
8.7
7.4
9.5
4.3
6.8
7.3
5.2

6.0
5.4
4.5
4.1
5.5
6.4
7.4
6.5
7.8
3.9
5.9
6.0
4.7

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,807.0
59.8
60.2
97.0
143.1
199.3
256.7
671.5
47.5
66.9
60.4
130.1
59.8

2,881.0
60.2
61.3
99.1
145.9
206.1
262.0
695.2
48.5
69.7
60.3
133.4
60.8

149.0
3.7
2.1
3.9
8.5
9.6
16.2
31.0
3.0
2.0
3.5
6.3
3.6

136.0
3.3
1.9
4.6
7.3
9.0
13.6
27.5
2.8
2.1
2.9
6.1
2.9

5.3
6.2
3.4
4.1
6.0
4.8
6.3
4.6
6.2
3.0
5.8
4.9
6.0

4.7
5.5
3.2
4.6
5.0
4.4
5.2
3.9
5.7
3.0
4.8
4.5
4.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,500.0
96.5
232.8
44.7
60.6
60.4
71.1

1,513.0
98.1
237.1
45.0
62.2
60.7
72.4

67.0
3.6
8.6
2.4
1.1
3.1
3.9

65.0
3.6
8.7
2.7
.9
2.5
3.7

4.5
3.7
3.7
5.5
1.8
5.2
5.5

4.3
3.6
3.7
6.0
1.5
4.1
5.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,282.0
41.3
92.3
250.8

1,284.0
42.7
92.2
254.8

61.0
1.6
4.3
12.7

52.0
1.4
3.9
10.8

4.8
3.8
4.7
5.1

4.0
3.2
4.2
4.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,713.0
192.0
506.3
43.8

1,742.0
199.2
519.9
45.4

135.0
9.2
31.9
3.6

108.0
7.6
28.8
2.8

7.9
4.8
6.3
8.2

6.2
3.8
5.5
6.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,916.0
59.9
270.8
70.3
100.1
76.3
69.6
595.6
162.8

1,900.0
59.7
270.6
69.3
99.6
76.3
68.5
594.5
158.1

209.0
6.0
25.2
7.9
9.8
8.9
7.2
56.5
17.3

151.0
4.7
18.1
5.2
6.7
6.0
5.1
41.9
13.1

10.9
10.0
9.3
11.2
9.8
11.7
10.3
9.5
10.6

7.9
7.8
6.7
7.5
6.8
7.9
7.4
7.1
8.3

597.0
41.4
126.6

616.0
42.2
129.1

22.0
1.8
2.4

25.0
2.2
3.0

3.8
4.4
1.9

4.1
5.3
2.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

152

1988

1989




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
State and area

Percent of
labor force

Number
1988

1989

Maryland
Baltimore

2,451.0
1,177.3

2,523.0
1,204.9

109.0
57.2

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,155.0
1,559.9
99.0
76.6
48.1
186.3
153.7
86.1
40.8
255.3
220.5

3,180.0
1,567.0
100.8
78.2
48.2
188.9
153.6
87.2
40.5
256.3
221.5

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,543.0
159.4
64.4
77.9
2,181.5
187.5
359.1
63.8
116.4
241.0
67.9
182.1

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

1988

1989

93.0
48.3

4.5
4.9

3.7
4.0

103.0
43.8
3.8
4.1
1.9
7.7
5.3
4.3
1.9
8.4
6.6

127.0
53.3
4.8
4.9
2.6
10.1
7.0
5.3
1.9
10.3
8.7

3.3
2.8
3.8
5.4
4.0
4.1
3.4
5.0
4.7
3.3
3.0

4.0
3.4
4.8
6.3
5.4
5.3
4.6
6.1
4.7
4.0
3.9

4,592.0
160.8
65.4
78.9
2,194.3
183.8
369.0
65.6
119.1
242.1
68.2
184.4

345.0
6.1
4.7
5.3
167.1
27.1
19.1
4.7
5.6
14.3
6.0
13.8

326.0
6.8
4.8
5.8
155.0
19.4
19.3
4.5
5.9
13.7
6.1
13.0

7.6
3.8
7.3
6.8
7.7
14.4
5.3
7.3
4.8
5.9
8.9
7.6

7.1
4.2
7.4
7.4
7.1
10.5
5.2
6.9
5.0
5.7
8.9
7.0

2,327.0
107.9
1,385.9
60.6
96.1

2,343.0
108.3
1,397.5
62.5
98.6

94.0
6.5
47.0
1.7
4.5

102.0
6.2
52.5
1.9
5.0

4.0
6.0
3.4
2.8
4.7

4.3
5.7
3.8
3.0
5.0

Mississippi
Jackson

1,141.0
197.0

1,166.0
202.0

96.0
11.7

91.0
10.7

8.4
6.0

7.8
5.3

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,594.0
850.0
1,262.0
123.7

2,614.0
849.6
1,273.7
127.2

148.0
44.9
75.1
5.3

143.0
41.5
70.3
5.7

5.7
5.3
6.0
4.3

5.5
4.9
5.5
4.5

Montana

402.0

405.0

27.0

24.0

6.8

5.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

819.0
126.6
330.9

812.0
125.4
331.2

29.0
3.4
12.7

25.0
3.1
11.3

3.6
2.7
3.8

3.1
2.5
3.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

584.0
342.0
139.2

602.0
359.4
137.0

30.0
18.4
6.5

30.0
17.9
6.5

5.2
5.4
4.7

5.0
5.0
4.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

598.0
84.4
98.3
134.5

611.0
86.1
98.6
134.5

15.0
1.9
2.8
2.6

21.0
2.7
3.7
3.5

2.4
2.2
2.8
1.9

3.5
3.2
3.7
2.6

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,975.0
176.6
714.5
271.0
563.7
478.6
949.9
171.3
58.5

3,989.0
177.5
710.0
273.1
568.9
484.8
958.7
171.0
58.4

151.0
9.5
23.4
17.1
15.1
16.1
37.2
5.0
4.3

163.0
9.8
26.6
17.6
16.4
18.0
41.0
5.5
4.2

3.8
5.4
3.3
6.3
2.7
3.4
3.9
2.9
7.3

4.1
5.5
3.7
6.4
2.9
3.7
4.3
3.2
7.2

688.0
263.9
56.8
66.6

698.0
266.1
58.0
67.0

54.0
15.6
4.1
3.4

46.0
13.7
3.8
2.7

7.8
5.9
7.3
5.2

6.7
5.1
6.6
4.1

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

1988

1989

See footnotes at end of table.

153

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

State and area
1988

1989

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,526.0
(1)

8,681.0
436.9
126.9
465.7
43.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

0
01
()
0)
1

358.0

()

1989

1988

1989

4.2

442.0
18.2
6.0
27.0
2.1
(1)
58.8
214.9
190.0
6.9
4.4
21.5
15.3
7.4

O
(1)
V)
(11)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
()
0
(11)
()
01

5.1
4.2
4.7
5.8
4.7
(1)
4.1
5.4
5.8
5.0
3.4
4.2
4.7
5.3

1,434.6
3,975.4
3,290.7
138.3
129.9
513.3
322.7
139.0

0

3,319.0
87.1
827.1
519.9
399.3

3,391.0
90.9
646.9
521.3
420.2

120.0
2.8
19.9
15.8
10.2

119.0
2.6
20.7
17.1
10.2

3.6
3.2
32
3.0
2.6

3.5
2.9
3.2
3.3
2.4

332.0
46.7
86.6
36.2

331.0
47.6
87.7
36.5

16.0
2.2
2.5
1.5

14.0
2.0
2.4
1.3

4.8
4.8
2.9
4.1

4.3
4.1
2.7
3.7

5,322.0
324.9
190.5
761.3
936.5
711.2
468.2
310.9
221.3

5,419.0
333.0
194.1
780.3
951.7
730.3
478.6
317.9
223.9

320.0
19.7
12.6
39.0
51.4
35.0
24.4
18.2
16.4

300.0
17.8
11.8
34.9
46.0
34.7
24.4
18.9
15.0

6.0
6.1
6.6
5.1
5.5
4.9
5.2
5.9
7.4

5.5
5.4
6.1
4.5
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.9
6.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,523.0
28.8
48.7
495.7
338.3

1,523.0
27.9
48.4
500.8
340.1

102.0
1.6
2.8
27.6
24.9

85.0
1.3
2.3
23.2
19.9

6.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
7.4

5.6
4.6
4.8
4.6
5.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,426.0
141.7
649.1
134.8

1,475.0
147.3
675.0
138.0

83.0
7.9
30.8
7.9

84.0
8.2
30.2
8.1

5.8
5.5
4.8
5.8

5.7
5.5
4.5
5.9

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,764.0
322.6
59.4
60.4
129.8
320.5
94.0
217.1
2,419.9
965.3
172.4
355.5
49.8
62.3
58.9
217.5

5,857.0
328.7
60.0
59.4
132.7
331.2
95.4
223.6
2,428.3
981.5
177.3
363.3
50.8
65.9
60.2
222.9

293.0
14.2
4.1
5.5
7.8
12.7
7.0
7.7
99.8
55.3
7.6
21.4
2.5
3.1
3.1
9.3

264.0
14.4
3.7
4.3
6.7
12.4
6.8
7.4
92.4
44.8
7.0
19.9
2.2
3.0
3.5
9.0

5.1
4.4
6.9
9.1
6.0
4.0
7.4
3.6
4.1
5.7
4.4
6.0
5.1
5.0
5.3
4.3

4.5
4.4
6.2
7.2
5.1
3.8
7.1
3.3
3.8
4.6
3.9
5.5
4.4
4.6
5.9
4.0

525.0
165.1
343.5

525.0
165.9
344.6

16.0
6.0
10.0

21.0
7.7
13.2

3.1
3.6
2.9

4.1
4.6
3.8

1,662.0
225.8
233.4
330.8

1,695.0
227.1
235.7
338.6

76.0
8.9
7.5
11.3

80.0
9.5
8.1
12.2

4.5
4.0
3.2
3.4

4.7
4.2
3.4
3.6

357.0
39.4
74.2

361.0
39.8
74.5

14.0
1.7
2.9

15.0
1.7
2.7

3.9
4.2
3.9

4.2
4.2
3.6

()

V)
1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

154




O

1988

,
,

()

V)




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

1988

1989

121.0
10.8
10.1
15.5
22.0
20.0

5.8
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.2
4.3

5.1
5.2
4.7
5.4
4.7
3.8

610.0
3.5
6.0
26.1
16.8
6.7
13.1
2.7
15.3
84.5
26.1
43.3
9.6
111.5
7.4
6.5
7.0
6.2
25.9
3.0
4.1
2.7
48.0
3.3
4.6
5.7
2.5
6.6
3.6

567.0
3.4
5.5
23.3
14.8
5.9
12.2
2.7
13.2
79.0
25.6
39.9
8.1
98.7
7.3
6.2
6.8
5.7
27.1
3.0
4.3
2.6
45.0
2.9
4.2
5.2
2.2
5.4
3.5

7.3
6.5
6.0
6.1
10.2
8.1
13.3
4.5
9.5
5.9
10.7
6.0
8.9
6.8
7.8
13.3
8.8
5.4
17.0
6.0
7.6
5.9
7.9
6.7
8.0
7.6
7.0
7.1
6.3

6.7
6.5
5.6
5.4
9.0
6.9
11.7
4.4
8.3
5.5
10.2
5.5
7.4
5.9
7.5
11.9
8.5
5.0
17.1
6.1
8.2
5.8
7.3
6.1
7.2
6.9
6.1
5.8
6.1

789.0
110.8
514.2

37.0
4.5
23.0

37.0
4.7
22.9

4.9
4.3
4.6

4.6
4.3
4.5

299.0
74.5

307.0
78.1

8.0
1.4

11.0
2.1

2.8
1.9

3.7
2.6

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,101.0
68.4
52.2
72.3
613.8
446.1
122.3

3,145.0
71.2
52.4
73.8
620.0
454.3
121.8

121.0
1.9
3.5
3.5
27.8
15.2
4.9

123.0
1.8
3.4
3.7
28.7
16.5
4.5

3.9
2.8
6.8
4.8
4.5
3.4
4.0

3.9
2.6
6.5
5.0
4.6
3.6
3.7

Washington
Seattle

2,315.0
1,033.3

2,451.0
1,102.7

143.0
50.1

151.0
50.6

6.2
4.8

6.2
4.6

739.0
114.6
127.0
70.7
71.6

767.0
117.7
130.6
72.6
72.6

74.0
9.8
10.5
5.2
5.9

66.0
8.2
8.6
4.8
4.8

9.9
8.6
8.3
7.4
8.3

8.6
6.9
6.6
6.6
6.6

2,570.0
171.6
73.3
107.5
73.6
56.5
55.3
222.1
762.5
90.3
57.7
62.4

2,611.0
173.9
75.5
110.2
74.5
54.2
55.2
225.4
773.8
92.5
59.8
65.3

110.0
6.7
3.1
4.5
3.3
2.7
2.1
6.1
28.6
4.1
2.0
2.9

114.0
7.3
3.2
4.5
3.9
4.2
2.2
6.1
29.6
4.5
2.4
2.9

4.3
3.9
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.8
3.8
2.7
3.8
4.5
3.5
4.6

4.4
4.2
4.3
4.0
5.3
7.7
3.9
2.7
3.8
4.9
4.1
4.4

238.0
30.9

239.0
31.1

15.0
2.0

15.0
2.1

6.3
6.6

6.3
6.9

1988

1989

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,338.0
210.6
214.6
283.8
456.4
536.5

2,368.0
209.9
217.0
289.6
465.0
529.4

135.0
11.6
12.0
15.5
23.6
22.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

8,354.0
53.1
98.9
430.2
164.6
82.7
98.8
59.6
160.2
1,443.4
243.7
715.5
108.9
1,637.7
94.5
48.8
79.8
114.1
152.4
50.4
53.9
45.8
611.0
48.5
57.6
75.3
36.1
92.8
57.5

8,427.0
52.8
97.9
432.8
163.8
85.5
104.1
61.3
158.6
1,447.0
249.8
723.3
109.9
1,677.9
97.3
52.4
80.5
114.3
158.8
49.8
52.3
45.6
615.0
47.4
58.2
75.7
36.1
93.4
56.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

759.0
104.7
496.9

Vermont
Burlington

Waco
Wichita Falls

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
,
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
1

Not available.
NOTE: Annual averages for States are obtained directly
from the Current Population Survey. Estimates for all sub-state
areas are based on administrative statistics adjusted to the

1988

1989

statewide totals. See the Explanatory Notes for State and Area
Labor Force Data. Area definitions are published annually in the
May issue of this publication. Data for 1988-89 have been
adjusted to new benchmark levels.

155




Area Definitions

Area definitions
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Blount, Jefferson, St. Clair, Shelby, and Walker Counties
Madison County
Baldwin and Mobile Counties
Autauga, Elmore, and Montgomery Counties
Tuscaloosa County

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

MSA
MSA

Maricopa County
Pima County

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Washington County
Crawford and Sebastian Counties, Ark.; Sequoyah County, Okla.
Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline Counties
Jefferson County

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

PMSA Boulder County
PMSA Adams, Arapahoe, Denver, Douglas, and Jefferson Counties

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford

Hartford

New Britain
New Haven-Meriden

Stamford
Waterbury

Delaware
Wilmington .
District of Columbia
Washington

158




Orange County
Kern County
Fresno County
Los Angeles County
Stanislaus County
Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
Ventura County
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties
El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties
San Diego County
Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties
Santa Clara County
Santa Barbara County
Sonoma County
San Joaquin County
Napa and Solano Counties

PMSA Bridgeport and Shelton cities, and Easton, Fairfield, Monroe, Stratford, and Trumbull
towns in Fairfield County; Ansonia, Derby, and Milford cities and Beacon Falls,
Oxford, and Seymour towns in New Haven County
PMSA Hartford city, and Avon, Bloomfield, Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East
Windsor, Enfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough,
Newington, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford,
Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Barkhamsted
and New Hartford towns in Litchfield County; East Haddam town in Middlesex County;
Colchester town in New London County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry,
Ellington, Hebron, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in Tolland
County
PMSA New Britain city, and Berlin, Plainville, and Southington towns in Hartford County
MSA Clinton and Killingworth towns in Middlesex County; Meriden, New Haven, and West
Haven cities, and Bethany, Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Guilford, Hamden,
Madison, North Branford, North Haven, Orange, Wallingford, and Woodbridge towns
in New Haven County
PMSA Stamford city, and Darien, Greenwich, and New Canaan towns in Fairfield County
MSA Bethlehem, Thomaston, Watertown, and Woodbury towns in Litchfield County;
Waterbury city, Naugatuck borough, and Middlebury, Prospect, Southbury, and Wolcott
towns in New Haven County

PMSA New Castle County, Del.; Cecil County, Md.; Salem County, N.J.

MSA

District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince Georges
Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities,
and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Stafford Counties, Va.

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach,
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta

Type of
area

MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA

Definition

Volusia County
Broward County
Lee County
Alachus and Bradford Counties
Clay, Duval, Nassau, and St. Johns Counties
Polk County
Brevard County
Dade County
Orange, Osceola, and Seminole Counties
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties
Sarasota County
Gadsden and Leon Counties
Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties
Palm Beach County

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Dougherty and Lee Counties
Clarke, Jackson, Madison, and Oconee Counties
Barrow, Butts, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, De Kalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth,
Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton Counties
Columbia, McDuffie, and Richmond Counties, Ga.; Aiken County, S.C.
Chattahoochee and Muscogee Counties, Ga.; Russell County, Ala.
Bibb, Houston, Jones, and Peach Counties
Chatham and Effingham Counties

Hawaii
Honolulu

MSA

Honolulu County

Idaho
Boise City

MSA

Ada County

Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Kane and Kendall Counties
McLean County
Champaign County
Cook, Du Page, and McHenry Counties
Henry and Rock Island Counties, III.; Scott County, Iowa
Macon County
Grundy and Will Counties
Kankakee County
Lake County
Peoria, Tazewell, and Woodford Counties
Boone and Winnebago Counties
Menard and Sangamon Counties

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Madison County
Monroe County
Elkhart County
Posey, Vanderburgh, and Warrick Counties, Ind.; Henderson County, Ky.
Allen, DeKalb, and Whitley Counties
Lake and Porter Counties
Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan, and Shelby
Counties
Howard and Tipton Counties
Tippecanoe County
Delaware County
St. Joseph County
Clay and Vigo Counties

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Linn County
Dallas, Polk, and Warren Counties
Dubuque County
Johnson County
Woodbury County, Iowa; Dakota County, Nebr.
Black Hawk and Bremer Counties

Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls




159

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

MSA
MSA
MSA

Douglas County
Shawnee County
Butler, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

MSA
MSA

Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Scott, and Woodford Counties
Bullitt, Jefferson, Oldham, and Shelby Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, and Harrison
Counties, Ind.
Daviess County

Owensboro
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn ..

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA

Portland

MSA

Maryland
Baltimore

MSA

Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.
Massachusetts
Boston

Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill ..,

Lowell

New Bedford

160




Rapides Parish
Ascension, East Baton Rouge, Livingston, and West Baton Rouge Parishes
Lafourche and Terrebonne Parishes
Lafayette and St. Martin Parishes
alcasieu Parish
Ouachita Parish
Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, and St. Tammany
Parishes
Bossier and Caddo Parishes

Auburn and Lewiston cities, and Greene, Lisbon, Mechanic Falls, Poland, and
Sabattus towns in Androscoggin County
Portland, South Portland, and Westbrook cities, and Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland,
Falmouth, Freeport, Gorham, Gray, North Yarmouth, Raymond, Scarborough,
Standish, Windham, and Yarmouth towns in Cumberland County; Buxton, Hollis, and
Old Orchard Beach towns in York County

Baltimore city, and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and Queen
Anne's Counties
Baltimore City
Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince Georges Counties

PMSA Mansfield, Norton, and Raynham towns in Bristol County; Lynn city and Lynnfield,
Nahant, and Saugus towns in Essex County; Cambridge, Everett, Maiden,
Marlborough, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn cities, and
Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont, Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle,
Concord, Framingham, Groton, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Lexington, Lincoln,
Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading, Sherborn, Shirley, Stoneham,
Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown, Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and
Winchester towns in Middlesex County; Quincy city, and Bellingham, Braintree,
Brookline, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook,
Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Randolph, Sharon,
Stoughton, Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and Wrentham towns in
Norfolk County; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover, Hanson, Hingham, Hull, Kingston,
Lakeville, Marshfield, Middleborough, Norwell, Pembroke, Plymouth, Plympton,
Rockland, and Scituate towns in Plymouth County; Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities
and Winthrop town in Suffolk County; Berlin, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster,
Mendon, Milford, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County
PMSA Easton town in Bristol County; Avon town in Norfolk County; Brockton city, and
Abington, Bridgewater, East Bridgewater, Halifax, West Bridgewater, and Whitman
towns in Plymouth County
PMSA Fall River city, and Somerset, Swansea, and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.;
Little Compton and Tiverton towns in Newport Count/, R.I.
MSA Ashby town in Middlesex County; Fitchburg and Leominster cities, and Ashburnham,
Lunenburg, and Westminster towns in Worcester County
PMSA Haverhill, Lawrence, and Newburyport cities, and Amesbury, Andover, Boxford,
Georgetown, Groveland, Merrimac, Methuen, Newbury, North Andover, Salisbury, and
West Newbury towns in Essex County, Mass.; Atkinson, Brentwood, Danville, Derry,
East Kingston, Hampstead, Kingston, Newton, Plaistow, Salem, Sandown, Seabrook,
and Windham towns in Rockingham County, N.H.
PMSA Lowell city, and Billerica, Chelmsford, Dracut, Dunstable, Pepperell, Tewksbury,
Tyngsborough, and Westford towns in Middlesex County and Pelham town in
Hillsborough County
MSA New Bedford city, and Acushnet, Dartmouth, Fairhaven, and Freetown towns in Bristol
County; Marion, Mattapoisett, and Rochester towns in Plymouth County

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Massachusetts—Continued
Pittsfield

Type of
area

MSA

Springfield.

MSA

Worchester.

MSA

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Definition

Pittsfield city, and Cheshire, Dalton, Hinsdale, Lanesborough, Lee, Lenox, Richmond,
and Stockbridge towns in Berkshire County
Chicopee, Holyoke, Springfield, and Westfield cities, and Agawam, East Longmeadow,
Hampden, Longmeadow, Ludlow, Monson, Montgomery, Palmer, Russell, Southwick,
West Springfield, and Wilbraham towns in Hampden County; Northampton city, and
Belchertown, Easthampton, Granby, Huntington, Southampton, and South Hadley
towns in Hampshire County
Worcester city, and Auburn, Barre, Boylston, Brookfield, Charlton, Clinton, Douglas,
Dudley, East Brookfield, Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Northborough,
Northbridge, North Brookfield, Oxford, Paxton, Princeton, Rutland, Shrewsbury,
Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Uxbridge, Webster, Westborough, and West Boylston towns
in Worcester County

Washtenaw County
Calhoun County
Berrien County
Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties
Genesee County
Kent and Ottawa Counties
Jackson County
Kalamazoo County
Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham Counties
Muskegon County
Bay, Midland, and Saginaw Counties

Rochester
St. Cloud

MSA
MSA

St. Louis County, Minn.; Douglas County, Wise.
Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Washington, and
Wright Counties, Minn.; St. Croix County, Wis.
Olmsted County
Benton, Sherburne, and Stearns Counties

Mississippi
Jackson

MSA

Hinds, Madison, and Rankin Counties

MSA

MSA

Johnson, Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.; Cass, Clay, Jackson,
Lafayette, Platte, and Ray Counties, Mo.
Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, III.; St. Louis city, and
Franklin, Jefferson, St. Charles, and St. Louis Counties, Mo.
Christian and Greene Counties

MSA
MSA

Lancaster County
Douglas, Sarpy, and Washington Counties, Nebr.; Pottawattamie County, Iowa

MSA
MSA

Clark County
Washoe County

MSA

Manchester city, and Bedford and Goffstown towns in Hillsborough County;
Allenstown and Hooksett towns in Merrimack County; Auburn and Candia towns in
Rockingham County
Nashua city, and Amherst, Brookline, Hollis, Hudson, Litchfield, Merrimack, Milford,
Mont Vernon, and Wilton towns in Hillsborough County; Londonderry town in
Rockingham County
Portsmouth city and Exeter, Greenland, Hampton, New Castle, Newfields, Newington,
Newmarket, North Hampton, Rye and Stratham towns in Rockingham County; Dover,
Rochester and Somersworth cities, and Barrington, Durham, Farmington, Lee,
Madbury, Milton and Rollinsford towns in Strafford County; and Berwick, Eliot, Kittery,
North Berwick, Ogunquit, South Berwick, Wells and York towns in York County

MSA
MSA

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New Hampshire
Manchester

MSA
Nashua
MSA
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark




MSA Atlantic and Cape May Counties
PMSA Bergen and Passaic Counties
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties
PMSA Hudson County
PMSA Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Somerset Counties
PMSA Monmouth and Ocean Counties
PMSA Essex, Morris, Sussex, and Union Counties

161

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

New Jersey—Continued
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Sante Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Type of
area

Definition

PMSA Mercer County
PMSA Cumberland County

MSA
MSA
MSA

Bemalillo County
Dona Ana County
Los Alamos and Sante Fe Counties

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA

Albany, Greene, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady Counties
Broome and Tioga Counties
Erie County
Chemung County
Warren and Washington Counties
Nassau and Suffolk Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and Westchester
Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond Counties
PMSA Niagara County
PMSA Orange County
MSA Dutchess County
MSA Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties
Rockland County
MSA Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego Counties
MSA Herkimer and Oneida Counties
Westchester County

MSA
MSA

Buncombe County
Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties, N.C.; York
County, S.C.
Davidson, Davie, Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, Stokes, and Yadkin Counties
Durham, Franklin, Orange, and Wake Counties

MSA
MSA
MSA

Burleigh and Morton Counties
Cass County, N.D.; Clay County, Minn.
Grand Forks County

MSA
MSA

PMSA Portage and Summit Counties
MSA Carroll and Stark Counties
PMSA Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio; Boone, Campbell, and Kenton
Counties, Ky.; Dearborn County, Ind.
PMSA Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Medina Counties
MSA Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, Pickaway, and Union Counties
MSA Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties
MSA Fulton, Lucas, and Wood Counties
MSA Mahoning and Trumbull Counties

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Garfield County
Comanche County
Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties
Creek, Osage, Rogers, Tulsa, and Wagoner Counties

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

MSA Lane County
PMSA Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties
MSA Marion and Polk Counties

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia

MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

162




Carbon, Lehigh, and Northampton Counties, Pa.; Warren County, N.J.
Blair County
Beaver County
Erie County
Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon, and Perry Counties
Cambria and Somerset Counties
Lancaster County
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa.; Burlington,
Camden, and Gloucester Counties, N.J.

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Pennsylvania—Continued
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ....
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .

PMSA Central Falls, Pawtucket, and Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Lincoln,

Providence.

Philadelphia County
Allegheny, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties
Berks County
Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, and Wyoming Counties
Mercer County
Centre County
Lycoming County
Adams and York Counties

Aguas Buenas, Caguas, Cayey, Cidra, Gurabo, and San Lorenzo Municipios
Anasco, Cabo Rojo, Hormigueros, Mayaguez, and San German Municipios
Juana Diaz and Ponce Municipios
Barceloneta, Bayamon, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Corozal, Dorado, Fajardo,
Florida, Guaynabo, Humacao, Juncos, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Naranjito,
Rio Grande, San Juan, Toa Alta, Toa Bajo, Trujillo Alto, Vega Alta, and Vega Baja
Municipios

North Smithfield, and Smithfield towns in Providence County, R.I.; Attleboro city, and
North Attleborough, Rehoboth, and Seekonk towns in Bristol County, Mass.; Plainville
town in Norfolk County, Mass.; Blackstone and Millville towns in Worcester County,
Mass.
PMSA Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County; Warwick city, and Coventry,
East Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent County; Jamestown town in
Newport County; Cranston, East Providence, and Providence cities and Foster,
Glocester, Johnston, North Providence, and Scituate towns in Providence County;
Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingston, Richmond, and South Kingstown towns in
Washington County

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

MSA
MSA
MSA

Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties
Lexington and Richland Counties
Greenville, Pickens, and Spartanburg Counties

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

MSA
MSA

Pennington County
Minnehaha County

MSA

Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie Counties, Tenn.; Catoosa, Dade, and Walker
Counties, Ga.
Carter, Hawkins, Sullivan, Unicoi, and Washington Counties, Tenn.; Bristol city, Scott,
and Washington Counties, Va.
Anderson, Blount, Grainger, Jefferson, Knox, Sevier, and Union Counties
Shelby and Tipton Counties, Tenn.; Crittenden County, Ark., and DeSoto County,
Miss.
Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Robertson, Rutherford, Sumner, Williamson, and
Wilson Counties

Tennessee
Chattanooga
MSA
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo




MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Taylor County
Potter and Randall Counties
Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties
Hardin, Jefferson, and Orange Counties
Brazoria County
Cameron County
Brazos County
Nueces and San Patricio Counties
Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties
El Paso County
Johnson, Parker, and Tarrant Counties
Galveston County
Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties
Bell and Coryell Counties
Webb County
Gregg and Harrison Counties
Lubbock County
Hidalgo County
Midland County
Ector County
Tom Green County

163

Area definitions—Continued
State and area

Type of
area

Definition

Texas—Continued
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Bexar, Comal, and Guadalupe Counties
Grayson County
Bowie County, Tex.; and Miller County, Ark.
Smith County
Victoria County
McLennan County
Wichita County

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

MSA
MSA

Utah County
Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier

Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News

MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg

MSA

Roanoke

MSA

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

164




East Granville town in Addison County; Groton and Ryegate towns in Caledonia
County; Bolton and Huntington towns in Chittenden County; Bradford, Braintree,
Brookfield, Chelsea, Corinth, Fairlee, Newbury, Orange, Randolph, Topsham, Vershire,
Washington, West Fairlee and Williamstown towns in Orange County; and Barre city
and Barre, Berlin, Cabot, Calais, Duxbury, East Montpelier, Fayston, Marshfield,
Middlesex, Montpelier, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield, Roxbury, Waitsfield, Warren
and Waterbury towns in Washington County
Burlington, South Burlington, and Winooski cities and Charlotte, Colchester, Essex,
Hinesburg, Jericho, Milton, Richmond, St. George, Shelbume, and Williston towns in
Chittenden County; Georgia town in Franklin County; Grand Isle and South Hero
towns in Grand Isle County

Bristol city, and Scott and Washington Counties
Charlottesville city and Albemarle, Fluvanna, and Greene Counties
Danville city and Pittsylvania County
Lynchburg city, and Amherst and Campbell Counties
Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk,
Virginia Beach and Williamsburg cities, and Gloucester, James City, and York
Counties
Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington,
Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, and Stafford Counties
Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, and Richmond cities, and Charles City,
Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover, Henrico, New Kent, Powhatan, and
Prince George Counties
Roanoke and Salem cities, and Botetourt and Roanoke Counties

PMSA King and Snohomish Counties

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

MSA
MSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
MSA
MSA

Kanawha and Putnam Counties
Cabell and Wayne Counties, W. Va.; Boyd, Carter, and Greenup Counties, Ky.;
Lawrence County, Ohio
Wood County, W. Va.; Washington County, Ohio
Marshall and Ohio Counties, W. Va.; Belmont County, Ohio
Calumet, Outagamie, and Winnebago Counties
Chippewa and Eau Claire Counties
Brown County
Rock County
Kenosha County
La Crosse County
Dane County
Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties
Racine County
Sheboygan County
Marathon County

Natrona County

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry
attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers from
a sample of about 60,000 households, representing 729 areas
in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with coverage in
50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected
are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar
week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be
reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural
establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment
Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
165

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for
unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training
Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons
who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who
have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance
systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and
religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

166




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in liie Economics and Statistics
Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are
counted more than once if they v/ork on more than one farm
during the reporting period. There are also wide differences
in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and businessy Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business
establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are
different treatment of business units considered parts of an
establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments,
and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial
classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is
incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the
employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor
force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the
Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS).
A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the
Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived
From the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2307.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are
interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment," are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
of between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 60,000 occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average
month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise
not enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.
The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample
to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to
be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise




operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons
classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
167

efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period
preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those
persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off or
(b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number
unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including
members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within
the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin,
marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation
rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sex-age
groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio
is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or that
no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
168




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited
to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual
status at their present job (either full or part time) and by
their reason for working part time during the survey week
(economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or
equipment, start or termination of a job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons
include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,
demands of home or school, no desire for full-time work,
and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons on
full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35
hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for
noneconomic reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the jiill- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status;
and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "parttime labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that:
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the
household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin




may be of any race; thus they are included in both the white
and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and
women are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served
in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question "How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed
to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the
median. The medians as shown in this publication are
calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval
within which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were reported as
members of the same household even though one may be
temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a
hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are
married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,
spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because
of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart
because either the husband or the wife was employed and
living away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or
had a different place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing
unit A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single
room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended
for occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

169

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either As married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in 'The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
170



Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduci^d the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,0CK); and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
171

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo172




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated
during the 8-month period, April-November 1989.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey:
Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau
of the Census, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Number of sample
areas

Households eligible
Interviewed

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 ,
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
Nov. 1989 to present3.

68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
12?

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




173

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
174




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors pDssible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially mesisure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intei-vals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks., Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
175

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.

(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force ,
Employed . . .
Unemployed . . .
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed . . .
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed . . .
Unemployed . . .
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
. . .
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tornonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence inteirval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers).
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers.
Married men, spouse present . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

176




.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair .
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving .
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers . . .
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Mining . .
Construction .
Manufacturing . .
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods .
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 .
100 .
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000. .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

.

.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
-

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

12
T7
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74
_
-

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_
_
-

12
16
32
35
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Tntfll nr
1 UlCll \J\
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
_
_
-

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

177

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000 .
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000 .
30,000
40,000 . . . .
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000 .
120,000 . . .
140,000
1
2

. . . .
.

.

.

.

.

...

.

14
20
45
63
89
124
150
_
_

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
_
-

. . .
. .

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2

-

-

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
_
-

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

I /

V

/ Stand-\

I

2

( ard J
1 error / +
\
x/

v

/StandA

2

( ard 1
\ error I-2(P)
\
y /

Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41
-

_
-

178




Total or white, Black, 16 to
16 to 19 years
19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
-

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
-

_
-

14
19
37
39
_
_
_
_
_
-

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50.
100.
500 ..
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000 .
10,000
20,000
60,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22 ,
.20
.19

30
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

35
10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

50
11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 ..
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000 .
10,000
20,000
60,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14
-

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15
-

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18
_
-

25
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
_
_
-

30
12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
_
_
_
-

35

50

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
_
_
_
-

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
_
_
_
_
-

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage oi monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 ..
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000 .
10,000
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75 30 or 70
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
L86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




179

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force .
Part-time labor force . .
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total . . .
Men only. .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time labor force .

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force.
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total .
......
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men .
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time .
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time .
Unemployment:
Total .
Part time .

180




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Men

Total

Women

Estimated quarterly level
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 .
100
150
200
250
300
500 .
750 . .
1,000 .
1,500.
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000.
50,000 .
75,000 . .
100,000.




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Tnti^l fl ill tirv>£} r\r
1 Ulcll, lUI l l l l l \ ^ , \J\

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers

part-time workers

Part-time
workers

Total or
white

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
_
_
_
_
-

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
_
-

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
_
_
_
_
-

Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
_
-

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

181

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded.. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are; counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
182




Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digk industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 141 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and

values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-( 100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless




earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
183

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(Sic 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and sic 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
184




group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the; workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earn'ngs series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-

ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1988 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings .

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

185

Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1988 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-

sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1988

Industry

Total

Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
(In thousands)
Industry

Total .
Mining . . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
....
Government.

186




Percent
difference

Benchmark

Estimate

103,835

104,161

-0.3

711
4,686
19,171

723
4,787
19,302

-1.7
-2.2
-.7

5,437
5,926
18,551

5,473
6,016
18,612

-.7
-1.5
-.3

6,594
25,103
17,656

6,599
24,978
17,671

-.1
.5
-.1

Mining
Construction .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal.
State .
Local

Sample coverage1

Benchmarks
(thousands)

establishments

103,835

262,856

38,922

37

711
4,686
19,171

3,361
24,924
49,889

276
917
9,483

39
20
49

5,437
5,926
18,551

214,091
22,810
49,015

22,482
1,062
3,704

46
18
20

6,594
25,103

19,711
58,713

2,126
5,795

32
23

2,964
4,151
10,541

(3)
4,883
15,459

2,964
3,406
6,707

100
82
64

Employees
Number Percent of
(thou- benchmarks
sands)

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)
Relative error2

Industry

Total
Total private.
Mining
Construction .
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade.
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . .
Government3
1

Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

-

-

.3
2.2
1.8
.7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
3
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2




relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

-y/ (standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3. that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000 .
100,000
200,000
500,000 .
1,000,000
2,000,000
1
2

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

187

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry

Monthly
level

Total

Month-to-month
change

88,900

89,500

....

....

61,300

58,900

Goods-producing industries .

. .

21,200

19,800

4,400
3,800

4,200
3,300

Construction
General building contractors.

14,400
4,900

15,100
5,100

Manufacturing

18,200

18,300

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries...
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products . .
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .

13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300

12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300

3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800

3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products. . .
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products . . . .
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing
... .

8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800

8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700

4,500
1,600
2,100

4,000
1,400
2,000

Total private .

Mining...
Oil and gas extraction .

Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,600
1,200

2,800
1,200

1,600
1,700

1,600
1,600

85,400

85,700

14,600
16,600

13,000
16,000

6,500

6,100

8,700
5,800
5,000

7,700
5,300
4,400

38,600
22,800
6,800

34,400
20,400
6,000

4,200
10,100

5,100
9,500

8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000

7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000

Services . . .
Business services.
Health services.

36,600
11,700
10,200

34,900
10,700
10,000

Government.
Federal.
State.
Local

59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600

53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.

Wholesale trade.
Durable goods
Nondurable goods. .
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places

.. .

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance .
Real estate

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.

188

Monthly
level

...

....

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment and household survey labor input data and from measures of compensation and output supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal
Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments (table C-9) refer to hours paid for all
employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers,
and salaried workers. For productivity and cost measures
(tables C-10, 11), hours of all persons include hours of
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. Labor
input is measured by hours at the work site.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons (productivity) measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per hour at work.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of
employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by
dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, capital consump-

tion allowances, interest, rental income of persons, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current-dollar
gross product originating in the sector and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constantdollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index
for gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less general
government, households and institutions, owner-occupied
housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business. All measures are
seasonally adjusted.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear
in Trends in Multifactor Productivity\ 1948-81, BLS Bulletin
2178. Additional information may be obtained from the
Office of Productivity and Technology (202-523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA'S), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table




D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal
economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in
States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and
is available in micrfofiche form only, on a subscription basis.
189

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics.''
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the UI claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
190




an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two
large sub-state areas—New York City and the Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly from
the CPS. Estimates for all other sub-state areas, more than
2,600 labor market areas (LMA'S), are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State UI laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA'S
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical

relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)




are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning
in June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are calculated and published twice a year. Revisions of
historical data will continue to be made once a year,
coincident with benchmark revisions.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally
adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and
191

multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or
nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing
by the 1977 base. For total private, total goods-producing,
total private service- producing, and major industry divisions,
the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries
and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative
to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These failed
or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however, are
used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted
series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government

192




employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal
Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the
calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS has developed an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow
it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence
or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter. This extension was
also used for the seasonal adjustment of many of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours and manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the computation of the
projected factors for the period beginning in April 1990.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

REGION I—BOSTON
Suite 1603
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327

IV
X
IX
VI

REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400

IX

VIII
I

REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV—ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V—CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI—DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIII —
KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415) 744-6600




III

III

IV

IV
IX

X
V
V

VII
VI)
IV

VI

i

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

ALABAMA

BLS
Region

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
VIII MONTANA
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
VII NEBRASKA
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
ALASKA
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
IX NEVADA
ARIZONA
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
Department
of
Labor,
Research
and
Statistics
ARKANSAS
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, EmployII
NEW JERSEY
ment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VI NEW MEXICO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
COLORADO
II
NEW YORK
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
IV NORTH CAROLINA
Wethersfield 06109
DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
VIII NORTH DAKOTA
Newark 19714-9029
V OHIO
Department
of Employment Services, Division
DIST. OF COL.
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
VI OKLAHOMA
DC 20001
Florida
Department of Labor and Employment
FLORIDA
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
X OREGON
32399-0674
III PENNSYLVANIA
Department
of
Labor,
Labor
Information
GEORGIA
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
HAWAII
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
ILLINOIS
I
RHODE ISLAND
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
IV
SOUTH
CAROLINA
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
IOWA
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
KANSAS
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
Department for Employment Services, Labor
KENTUCKY
VI TEXAS
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
LOUISIANA
VIII UTAH
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
MAINE
I
VERMONT
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
Department of Employment and Training,
MARYLAND
III VIRGINIA
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Government Center. Charles F Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
Employment Security Commission, Research
MICHIGAN
X WASHINGTON
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
MINNESOTA
III WEST VIRGINIA
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
Employment Security Commission. Labor
MISSISSIPPI
V WISCONSIN
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
MISSOURI
VII! WYOMING
Jefferson City 65104

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harrisburg 17121
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th FL, 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602