Full text of Employment and Earnings : March 2000

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

March 2000
Vol. 47 No. 3

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010),
is published monthly and prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration
with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by
the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce) and
State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The State agencies are listed on
the inside back cover.
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20402.
Communications on material in this publication should be
addressed to: Editors, Employment & Earnings, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212. Specific questions
concerning the data in this publication, or their availability,
should be directed as follows:
Household data:
Telephone: (202)691-6378
E-mail: CPSInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
National establishment data:
Telephone: (202)691-6555
E-mail: CESInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
State and area establishment data:
Telephone: (202)691-6559
E-mail: Data_SA @bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
Region, State, and area labor force data:
Telephone: (202)691-6392
E-mail: Lauslntb@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment & Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Annual averages

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Minimum wage data

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages

May

Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
Information in this publication will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone
(202)606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott

Editor's Note

Editor
John F. Stinson Jr.

With this issue, regional (table C-1) and State (table C-2) labor force data reflect the incorporation
of updated 1990 census-based population controls, reestimation of models, benchmarking to
Current Population Survey annual averages, and revised seasonal adjustment factors. Area
data (table C-3) also reflect revised inputs to the estimation process.
In addition, establishment-based State and area estimates (tables B-7, B-14, and B-18) have
been adjusted to reflect March 1999 benchmark levels, and the State employment estimates in
table B-7 also have been revised based on recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
Revised regional and State labor force data and State establishment-based employment data
are available at http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm and http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm,
respectively.

Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, February 2000
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
136
176

Statistical tables
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area

Historical

5

18

47
52

64
77
77

44

60

96
119

Annual averages, establishment data
All tables containing not seasonally adjusted national establishment data.




Not
seasonally
adjusted

43

Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area

1

Seasonally
adjusted

123
125

130
130

Other
features

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date

5
6

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3.
A-4.
A-5.
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

7
8
10
11

Characteristics of the Employed
A~7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

12
13

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-l2.
A-l3.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

14
15
16
17
17

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

18
21
22
24
25

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
33

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

34
35
36
37
38
38
39
40

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

40

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




41

42

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

43
44

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

47
49

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

51

50

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

52

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

60
61
62
63

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

64

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

76

States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

79

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

96
116
117
118
119

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

123
125

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

130

iii

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

136

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

138
138
138
140
140
142
144
144
145
145
146
146
146
147
147
147
147
148
148
148
148
149
149

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

156
156
156




Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

136
137
137

IV

159
159
159
159
159
159
160
161
161
162
162
162
162
163
163
163
166
166

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

169
169
169
169
169
170
170

Seasonal adjustment

171

170
170
170
170

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, February 2000

T

he unemployment rate was little changed in February at 4.1 percent. Payroll employment edged up by
43,000, following a large increase (384,000) in January. Average hourly earnings increased by 4 cents over the
month and by 3.6 percent over the year.

Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons (5.8 million) and
the unemployment rate (4.1 percent) were about unchanged
in February. The jobless rate has been below 4.2 percent for
5 consecutive months. Among the major worker groups,
the unemployment rate for teenagers increased to 14.1 percent in February, about the same level as in December. Unemployment rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women
(3.5 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks (7.8 percent), and
Hispanics (5.7 percent) were little changed over the month.
(See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
The number of persons in the civilian labor force was about
unchanged at 141.2 million in February, following a substantial rise in January. The labor force participation rate
was 67.6 percent, a record high. Total employment was
about unchanged in February, at 135.4 million (seasonally
adjusted). The employment-population ratio—the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs—remained
at a record high 64.8 percent. (See table A-3.)
About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in February. These multiple jobholders
represented 5.8 percent of the total employed, down from
6.1 percent in February 1999. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
The number of persons who were marginally attached to the
labor force in February totaled 1.3 million (not seasonally
adjusted). These people wanted and were available to work,
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They are not counted as unemployed because they had not
actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. The number of discouraged workers was 262,000 in
February, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently
looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs
were available for them. (See table A-36.)




Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment, 130.3 million, was up slightly
in February, after seasonal adjustment. This followed a large
increase in January that was due in part to unseasonably
mild winter weather across most of the country during the
survey reference period. The average job gain for the first 2
months of this year was 214,000, about in line with the average monthly increase for 1999. (See table B-3.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment
was down by 26,000 in February following a substantial gain
(116,000) in January. It is likely that unusually warm weather
in the January survey reference period allowed employers to
delay some winter layoffs. The largest employment declines
in February occurred in the same weather-sensitive industries that had registered large increases in January—heavy
construction and the concrete, masonry, and roofing trades.
Manufacturing employment was up by 5,000 in February
and has increased by 31,000 since October. Factory employment had declined by 527,000 from March 1998 through
October 1999. In February, the largest manufacturing employment gains were in electrical equipment (8,000), motor
vehicles (6,000), and industrial machinery (6,000). In contrast, food products lost 10,000 jobs.
In mining, employment continued to edge up in oil and
gas extraction. Since August, the oil and gas industry has
added 9,000 jobs.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry was uncharacteristically flat in February, following a rise of 142,000 in January. In 1999, monthly job
gains in services averaged 121,000. Employment in business services was essentially unchanged over the month; the
average monthly job gain in the industry in 1999 was 47,000.
Health services added 6,000 jobs in February, only about
half its average growth. Employment declined in agricultural services and amusement and recreation services—
weather-sensitive industries that had large seasonally adjusted job gains in January. In contrast, strong job growth
continued in engineering and management services.
Over the month, job growth in retail trade (33,000) was
about in line with its average for the prior 12 months. The
largest employment gains in the industry were in department stores, where seasonal layoffs in February were smaller
than usual, and in furniture stores. Wholesale trade employment edged up by 8,000 over the month, about half its
average monthly gain.

Finance, insurance, and real estate added 10,000 jobs in
February, reversing a loss of 6,000 jobs in January. Within
finance, the only industry to add jobs in February was security and commodity brokerages (up 7,000), continuing its
strong growth trend.
Employment in transportation and public utilities changed
little for the second consecutive month. In transportation,
job losses occurred in trucking and air transportation. Employment in public utilities declined, but communications
continued to add jobs.
Within the Federal Government, an additional 20,000 temporary workers were hired in February for the decennial
census.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour
in February to 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. In manufac-

turing, both the average workweek and overtime hours rose
by 0.2 hour to 41.9 hours and 4.8 hours, respectively. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.4 percent to 149.9 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index increased 0.4 percent to
106.7. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents in February to $13.53, seasonally adjusted. This followed a gain of
5 cents (as revised) in January. Over the month, average
weekly earnings were essentially unchanged at $466.79, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose
by 3.6 percent, and average weekly earnings increased by
3.3 percent. (See table B-ll.)

March 1999 National Benchmarks
In accordance with standard practice, BLS will release nonfarm payroll employment benchmark
revisions with the May data on June 2, 2000. The March 1999 benchmark level has been finalized
and will result in an upward revision of 258,000 to total nonfarm employment for the March 1999
reference month, an adjustment of 0.2 percent.
Also concurrent with the release of March 1999 benchmark revisions on June 2, BLS will begin
implementation of a new probability-based sample design for the payroll survey. Estimates for the
wholesale trade major industry division only will incorporate the new sample design with this
release. Further information is available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or by
calling (202) 691-6555.




Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

March

April 7

June

July 7

April

May 5

July

August 4

May

June 2

August

September 1

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Category
Feb.

I

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907
139,137 138,804. 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910 141,165
67.3
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.5
67.6

133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.8
64.8
6,108
5,828
6,032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688
5,689
5,804
67,736 68,232 68,150 68,414 68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872 67,742
Unemployment rates
4.4
3.7
3.8
14.2
3.8
8.2
6.8

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2
3.6
8.0
6.0

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1
3.8
7.8
6.8

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1
3.7
7.6
6.7

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
3.8
7.6
6.6

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
3.7
8.6
6.3

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
3.7
7.8
6.5

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
3.6
8.3
6.6

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8
3.5
8.3
6.3

4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0
3.5
8.0
6.1

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8
3.5
7.9
5.9

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6
3.4
8.2
5.6

4.1
3.4
3.5
14.1
3.6
7.8
5.7

the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

127,730
107,676
25,329
553
6,238
18,538
102,401

22,648
7,581
38,458
20,054

127,813
107,726
25,285
550
6,232
18,503
102,528
6,732
6,947
22,611
7,595
38,556
20,087

128,134
108,035
25,288
538
6,277
18,473
102,846
6,750
6,965
22,724
7,611
38,697
20,099

128,162
108,085
25,199
531
6,239
18,429
102,963
6,758
6,977
22,748
7,621
38,782
20,077

128,443
108,338
25,180
526
6,258
18,396
103,263
6,781
6,993
22,796
7,636
38,952
20,105

128,816
108,663
25,247
528
6,270
18,449
103,569
6,799
7,012
22,903
7,647
39,055
20,153

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

352
290
14
-7
68
-47
338
15
13
92
11
145
62

83
50
-44
-3
-6
-35
127
9
10
-37
14
98
33

321
309
3
-12
45
-30
318
18
18
113
16
141
12

28
50
-89
-7
-38
-44

281
253
-19
-5
19
-33
300
23

373
325
67
2
12

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.P

129,048
108,830
25,186
527
6,293
18,366
103,862
6,831
7,041
22,862
7,653
39,257
20,218

129,332
109,095
25,198
528
6,314
18,356
104,134
6,841
7,064
22,891
7,668
39,433
20,237

129,589
109,320
25,257
527
6,369
18,361
104,332
6,862
7,070
22,902
7,675
39,554
20,269

129,898
109,583
25,283
529
6,393
18,361
104,615
6,897
7,088
22,973
7,685
39,657
20,315

130,282
109,914
25,419
528
6,509
18,382
104,863
6,902
7,107
23,008
7,679
39,799
20,368

130,325
109,944
25,400
530
6,483
18,387
104,925
6,894
7,115
23,041
7,689

284
265
12
1
21

257
225
59
-1
55
5
198
21
6
11
7
121
32

309
263

384
331

26
2
24
0

136

283
35
18
71
10
103
46

-1
116
21
248
5
19
35
-6
142
53

43
30
-19
2
-26
5

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.6
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.9
4.8

149.2
106.0

149.4
105.7

150.5
106.3

149.9
106.7

Aug.
Employment

6,723
6,937

128,945
108,735
25,148
524
6,246
18,378
103,797
6,813
7,031
22,888
7,650
39,205
20,210

39,805
20,381

Over-the-month change

117
8
12
24

10
85
-22

16
48
15
170
28

129
72

34.6
41.6
4.5

34.5
41.5
4.5

34.4
41.6
4.3

34.4
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.7
4.7

95

-99
-4
-24
-71

53
306

38
3
47
-12
65
18

228
14
19
-15
3
150
57

18
19
107

11
103
48

Hours of work
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

103

34.5
41.9
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

10
-26
3
52

-10
272
10
23
29
15
176

8

62
-8
8
33
10
6
13

1

34.4
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing

147.3
106.8

146.8
106.5

147.0
106.5

147.2
106.5

147.8
106.3

148.3
107.3

148.4
106.4

148.2
106.4

148.8
106.2

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1

$13.06
7.84
451.88

$13.11
7.86
452.30

$13.14
7.83
452.02

$13.18
7.85

453.39

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series. Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors
2




$13.24

7.89
456.78

$13.28
7.88
458.16

$13.29
7.87
458.51

used in the CPI-W.
N.A. = not available,
p
= preliminary.

$13.35
7.86

$13.39
7.87

459.24

461.96

$13.40

7.86
462.30

$13.44
7.87
463.68

$13.49
7.88
466.75

$13.53
N.A.
466.79

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Thousands
132,500

Thousands
132,500

130,000

127,500

125,000

122,500

-

122,500

120,000

120,000

117,500

117,500

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Percent
6.0




Percent
6.0

4.5

4.0

3.5
1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in 1998,
data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning in
1999 and 2000, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability
with data for prior periods.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977 .
19781
1979.

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

19901
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971
19981
19991

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378
3,281

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..

206,873
207,036
207,236
207,427
207,632
207,828
208,038
208,265
208,483
208,666
208,832

139,137
138,804
139,086
139,013
139,332
139,336
139,372
139,475
139,697
139,834
140,108

67.3
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1

133,029
132,976
133,054
133,190
133,398
133,399
133,530
133,650
133,940
134,098
134,420

64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4

3,328
3,290
3,341
3,290
3,330
3,278
3,234
3,179
3,238
3,310
3,279

129,701
129,686
129,713
129,900
130,068
130,121
130,296
130,471
130,702
130,788
131,141

6,108
5,828
6,032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688

4.4
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1

67,736
68,232
68,150
68,414
68,300
68,492
68,666
68,790
68,786
68,832
68,724

2000:
January3 ....
February ....

208,782
208,907

140,910
141,165

67.5
67.6

135,221
135,362

64.8
64.8

3,371
3,408

131,850
131,954

5,689
5,804

4.0
4.1

67,872
67,742

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
* The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1999 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1988
1989

87,857
88,762

66,927
67,840

76.2
76.4

63.273
64,315

72.0
72.5

2,493
2,513

60,780
61,802

3,655
3,525

5.5
5.2

20,930
20,923

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995

90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95.178
96,206
97,715
98,758
99,722

69,011

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
2,553
2,432

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69.014

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3.266
3,066

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1

21,367
22,110
22,306
22.927
23.538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799
25.210

1996
19971
19981
19991

70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
73,959
74,512

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

99,279
99,362
99,465
99,563
99,761
99,863
99,976
100,088
100,179
100,264

74,462
74,218
74,270
74,318
74,414
74,498
74,499
74,643
74,680
74,728
74,930

75.0
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7

71,230
71,269
71,208
71,207
71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71,732
71,927

71.7
71.7
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.6
71.7

2,449
2,426
2,489
2,420
2,430
2,435
2,409
2,361
2,389
2,501
2,440

68,781
68,843
68,719
68,787
68,900
69,002
69,027
69,269
69,234
69,231
69,487

3,232
2,949
3,062
3,111
3,084
3,061
3,063
3,013
3.057
2,996
3,003

4.3
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0

24,817
25,144
25,195
25,245
25,254
25,263
25,364
25,333
25.408
25.451
25.334

100,266
100,330

75,304
75,594

75.1
75.3

72,358
72,473

72.2
72.2

2,495
2,494

69,862
69,979

2,946
3,121

3.9
4.1

24.963
24,737

2000:
January3 ...
February ...

Annual averages
WOMEN
1988
1989

96,756
97,630

54,742
56,030

56.6
57.4

51,696
53,027

53.4
54.3

676
687

51,020
52,341

3,046
3.003

5.6
5.4

42,014
41,601

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995

98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849

53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193

3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2.814

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3

41,957
42.468
42.394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
42,748
43.175

1996
19971
19981
19991

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted?

1999:
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September..
October
November...
December...

107,593
107,674
107,771
107,864
107,964
108,067
108.175
108.289
108,395
108,487
108,569

64,675
64,586
64,816
64,695
64,918
64,838
64,873
64,832
65,017
65,106
65,178

60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0

61,799
61,707
61,846
61,983
62,068
61,962
62,094
62,020
62,317
62,366
62,493

57.4
57.3
57.4
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.6

879
864
852
870
900
843
825
818
849
809
839

60,920
60,843
60,994
61,113
61,168
61.119
61,269
61,202
61,468
61,557
61.654

2,876
2,879
2,970
2,712
2,850
2,876
2,779
2,812
2,700
2,740
2,685

4.4
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1

42,918
43,088
42.955
43,169
43,046
43,229
43,302
43,457
43,378
43,381
43,391

108,516
108.577

65,606
65,572

60.5
60.4

62,863
62,889

57.9
57.9

875
914

61,988
61,975

2,743
2,683

4.2
4.1

42,910
43,005

2000:
January3
February

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 2000" in the February 2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

2000

1999

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Persons who currently want a job

206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907
139,137 138,804 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910 141,165
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.6
67.5
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.3
133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.8
64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.8
5,825
5,842
5,934
5,823
6,032
5,804
5,688
5,736
5,757
5,937
5,828
6,108
5,689
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.0
67,736 68,232 68,150 68,414 68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872 67,742
4,770
4,252
4,467
4,429
4,352
4,497
4,575
4,658
4,740
4,606
4,331
4,374
4,630

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,279
74,462
75.0
71,230
71.7
2,449
68,781
3,232
4.3
24,817

99,362
74,218
74.7
71,269
71.7
2,426
68,843
2,949
4.0
25,144

99,465
74,270
74.7
71,208
71.6
2,489
68,719
3,062
4.1
25,195

99,563
74,318
74.6
71,207
71.5
2,420
68,787
3,111
4.2
25,245

99,668
74,414
74.7
71,330
71.6
2,430
68,900
3,084
4.1
25,254

99,761
74,498
74.7
71,437
71.6
2,435
69,002
3,061
4.1
25,263

99,863
74,499
74.6
71,436
71.5
2,409
69,027
3,063
4.1
25,364

99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266 100,330
74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304 75,594
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7
75.1
75.3
71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358 72,473
71.6
71.7
71.6
71.6
72.2
72.2
2,361
2,501
2,389
2,494
2,495
2,440
69,269 69,234 69,231 69,487 69,862 69,979
3,013
2,996
3,057
2,946
3,003
3,121
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.1
25,333 25,408 25,451 25,334 24,963 24,737

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,189
70,111
76.9
67,527
74.1
2,231
65,296
2,584
3.7
21,078

91,215
69,934
76.7
67,628
74.1
2,239
65,389
2,306
3.3
21,281

91,302
69,992
76.7
67,562
74.0
2,305
65,257
2,430
3.5
21,310

91,368
69,978
76.6
67,470
73.8
2,224
65,246
2,508
3.6
21,390

91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5
21,371

91,561
70,167
76.6
67,703
73.9
2,256
65,447
2,464
3.5
21,394

91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5
21,452

91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4
21,465

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5
21,557

91,986
70,388
76.5
68,037
74.0
2,262
65,775
2,351
3.3
21,598

92,052
70,529
76.6
68,197
74.1
2,227
65,970
2,332
3.3
21,523

92,057
70,917
77.0
68,585
74.5
2,303
66,282
2,332
3.3
21,139

92,092
71.120
77.2
68,691
74.6
2,309
66,382
2,429
3.4
20,972

107,593 107,674 107,771 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516 108,577
64,675 64,586 64,816 64,695 64,918 64,838 64,873 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606 65,572
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.1
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.4
60.5
61,799 61,707 61,846 61,983 62,068 61,962 62,094 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863 62,889
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.4
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.6
57.5
57.5
57.9
57.9
852
864
900
879
818
825
843
870
839
809
849
914
875
60,920 60,843 60,994 61,113 61,168 61,119 61,269 61,202 61,468 61,557 61,654 61,988 61,975
2,970
2,879
2,850
2,876
2,812
2,779
2,712
2,876
2,700
2,685
2,740
2,743
2,683
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.2
42,918 43,088 42,955 43,169 43,046 43,229 43,302 43,457 43,378 43,381 43,391 42,910 43,005

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,746
60,591
60.7
58,261
58.4
822
57,439
2,330
3.8
39,155

99,833
60,554
60.7
58,216
58.3
821
57,395
2,338
3.9
39,279

99,923 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579 100,666
60,765 60,708 60,988 60,852 60,904 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576 61,575
60.8
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.9
60.7
60.7
60.6
60.7
61.2
61.2
58,336 58,483 58,647 58,477 58,648 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280 59.398
58.4
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.4
58.5
58.5
58.6
58.9
59.0
803
798
820
780
851
778
800
768
791
826
871
57,533 57,663 57,796 57,679 57,868 57,852 58,000 58,070 58,167 58,454 58,526
2,429
2,375
2,225
2,256
2,341
2,230
2,155
2,214
2,196
2,297
2,178
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.5
39,158 39,300 39,143 39,351 39,381 39,525 39,503 39,521 39,512 39,003 39,090

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,939
8,435
52.9
7,241
45.4
275
6,966
1,194
14.2
7,504

15,988
8,316
52.0
7,132
44.6
230
6,902
1,184
14.2
7,672

16,011
8,329
52.0
7,156
44.7
233
6,923
1,173
14.1
7,682

16,051
8,327
51.9
7,237
45.1
246
6,991
1,090
13.1
7,724

16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6
7,786

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through A-13
will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment




16,065
8,317
51.8
7,219
44.9
224
6,995
1,098
13.2
7,748

16,061
8,228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5
7,833

16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6
7,799

16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8
7,726

16,107
8,394
52.1
7,223
44.8
280
6,943
1,171
14.0
7,713

16,114
8,425
52.3
7,265
45.1
261
7,004
1,160
13.8
7,689

16,147
8,416
52.1
7,356
45.6
242
7,114
1,060
12.6
7,730

16,149
8,470
52.4
7,273
45.0
228
7,046
1,197
14.1
7,679

of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
1999

Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

2000
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 172,491 172,597 172,730 172,859 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812 173,886
116,455 116,237 116,344 116,193 116,518 116,492 116,619 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716 117,821
Civilian labor force
67.3
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.2
67.5
67.3
67.2
67.8
67.7
Percent of population
112,017 112,030 111,886 111,898 112,115 112,193 112,308 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704 113,634
Employed
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.7
64.9
65.0
64.8
65.3
65.4
Employment-population ratio
4,207
4,192
4,311
4,458
4,106
4,299
4,403
4,295
4,438
4,057
4,092
4,187
4,011
Unemployed
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,731
77.4
57,769
74.9
1,962
3.3

59,675
77.3
57,935
75.0
1,740
2.9

59,651
77.2
57,834
74.9
1,817
3.0

59,502
77.0
57,635
74.5
1,867
3.1

59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7
1,886
3.2

59,799
77.2
57,955
74.8
1,844
3.1

59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8
1,925
3.2

59,841
77.1
58,102
74.9
1,739
2.9

59,777
77.0
58,043
74.7
1,734
2.9

59,761
76.9
58,067
74.7
1,694
2.8

59,889
77.0
58,221
74.8
1,668
2.8

60,179
77.3
58,487
75.2
1,693
2.8

60,387
77.6
58,631
75.3
1,756
2.9

49,655
60.0
48,030
58.1
1,625
3.3

49,567
59.9
47,941
57.9
1,626
3.3

49,674
60.0
47,885
57.8
1,789
3.6

49,625
59.9
48,004
57.9
1,621
3.3

49,850
60.1
48,167
58.1
1,683
3.4

49,652
59.8
48,000
57.9
1,652
3.3

49,713
59.9
48,140
58.0
1,573
3.2

49,593
59.7
48,010
57.8
1,583
3.2

49,733
59.8
48,203
58.0
1,530
3.1

49,814
59.9
48,273
58.0
1,541
3.1

50,011
60.1
48,486
58.2
1,525
3.0

50,404
60.5
48,857
58.7
1,547
3.1

50,335
60.4
48.792
58.6
1,544
3.1

7,069
55.9
6,218
49.2
851
12.0
12.6
11.4

6,995
55.3
6,154
48.7
841
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,019
55.4
6,167
48.7
852
12.1
12.6
11.6

7,066
55.7
6,259
49.3
807
11.4
12.2
10.6

6,947
54.7
6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0

7,041
55.3
6,238
49.0
803
11.4
11.7
11.1

6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0

7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9

7,144
56.1
6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7

7,128
56.0
6,271
49.2
857
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,108
55.8
6,244
49.0
864
12.2
13.3
10.9

7,132
56.0
6,360
50.0
772
10.8
12.4
9.1

7,099
55.8
6,211
48.8
888
12.5
14.4
10.4

24,697
16,250
65.8
14,924
60.4
1,326
8.2

24,729
16,231
65.6
14,925
60.4
1,306
8.0

24,765
16,288
65.8
15,011
60.6
1,277
7.8

24,798
16,290
65.7
15,053
60.7
1,237
7.6

24,833
16,308
65.7
15,069
60.7
1,239
7.6

24,867
16,366
65.8
14,962
60.2
1,404
8.6

24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8

24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6
1,360
8.3

24,985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3

25,019
16,508
66.0
15,187
60.7
1,321
8.0

25,051
16,513
65.9
15,204
60.7
1,309
7.9

25,047
16,622
66.4
15,254
60.9
1,368
8.2

25,076
16,785
66.9
15,471
61.7
1,314
7.8

7,137
72.4
6,662
67.6
475
6.7

7,073
71.7
6,647
67.4
426
6.0

7,118
72.0
6,670
67.5
448
6.3

7,182
72.6
6,710
67.8
472
6.6

7,153
72.1
6,698
67.6
455
6.4

7,122
71.7
6,610
66.6
512
7.2

7,162
72.0
6,714
67.5
448
6.3

7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1

7,281
72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7

7,277
72.8
6,767
67.7
510
7.0

7,273
72.6
6,766
67.5
507
7.0

7,386
73.7
6,839
68.2
547
7.4

7,441
74.2
6,910
68.9
532
7.1

8,112
65.6
7,542
61.0
570
7.0

8,151
65.8
7,573
61.1
578
7.1

8,223
66.3
7,657
61.7
566
6.9

8,178
65.8
7,647
61.6
531
6.5

8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7

8,311
66.7
7,670
61.6
641
7.7

8,241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568
6.9

8,316
66.5
7,759
62.1
557
6.7

8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1

8,305
66.3
7,757
61.9
548
6.6

8,260
65.8
7,706
61.4
554
6.7

8,315
66.3
7,715
61.5
600
7.2

8,344
66.4
7,805
62.1
539
6.5

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
L
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

2000

1999
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

1,001
40.5
720
29.1
281
28.1
31.2
25.0

1,007
40.7
705
28.5
302
30.0
32.4
27.6

947
38.3
684
27.6
263
27.8
32.0
23.8

930
37.5
696
28.1
234
25.2
27.9
22.5

936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2

933
37.5
682
27.4
251
26.9
30.7
23.4

918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7

953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4

956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1

926
37.3
663
26.7
263
28.4
31.0
25.9

980
39.5
732
29.5
248
25.3
27.5
23.0

921
37.2
701
28.3
220
23.9
24.0
23.8

999
40.4
756
30.6
243
24.3
22.3
26.6

21,355
14,520
68.0
13,536
63.4
984
6.8

21,414
14,542
67.9
13,673
63.8
869
6.0

21,483
14,535
67.7
13,541
63.0
994
6.8

21,548
14,555
67.5
13,574
63.0
981
6.7

21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6

21,684
14,617
67.4
13,696
63.2
921
6.3

21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5

21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6

21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3

21,947
14,887
67.8
13,979
63.7
908
6.1

22,008
14,984
68.1
14,095
64.0
889
5.9

22,047
15,251
69.2
14,395
65.3
856
5.6

22,108
15,249
69.0
14,382
65.1
868
5.7

Jan.

Feb.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Educational attainment
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

28,112 28,442 27,991 28,298 28,515 28,015 28,568 28,583 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995 27,376
12,218 12,039 11,896 11,891 12,081 12,087 12,307 12,151 12,201 12,132 11,956 11,895 11,971
42.4
42.0
42.3
43.5
43.2
42.5
43.1
43.1
42.5
43.7
43.0
42.5
42.5
11,317 11,280 11,092 11,085 11,265 11,265 11,448 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243 11,106 11,257
39.2
39.7
40.4
40.2
39.5
40.3
41.1
40.2
39.6
40.1
39.6
39.7
39.9
759
901
824
822
816
806
859
804
714
789
785
800
713
7.4
6.8
6.8
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.0
6.0

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,062 57,805 57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768 57,471
37,274 37,687 37,508 37,365 37,382 37,014 36,954 37,188 37,080 37,671 37,362 37,617 37,603
64.6
64.8
64.5
64.5
65.2
65.3
64.9
65.2
64.7
64.7
64.7
65.4
65.1
35,962 36,368 36,173 36,022 35,962 35,700 35,657 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305 36,294
62.0
62.2
63.0
63.1
62.6
62.4
62.3
62.5
62.4
62.9
63.2
62.8
62.6
1,420
1,343
1,312
1,226
1,206
1,309
1,297
1,314
1,335
1,319
1.309
1,311
1,291
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5

Less than a bachelor's degree 3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,911 43,028 43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689 44,486
32,227 31,866 32,051 31,944 31,955 32,145 31,842 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397 32,544
74.7
74.7
74.4
74.1
73.4
74.2
73.5
73.3
73.5
74.8
73.8
73.7
73.2
31,238 30,966 31,111 31,049 31,140 31,169 30,864 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564 31,595
71.7
71.3
72.8
72.8
72.6
72.3
71.0
72.2
71.6
71.6
71.5
72.0
71.1
871
868
815
895
940
833
818
873
978
976
900
949
989
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.1

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

43,949 43,859 44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058 45,247
35,132 35,130 35,467 35,677 35,757 35,827 36,037 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205 36,265
80.4
80.3
79.5
79.4
79.2
79.5
80.1
80.1
80.4
79.9
79.9
79.9
80.1
34,466 34,479 34,745 35,020 35,059 35,167 35,465 35,112 35,106 34,655 35,186 35,540 35,678
78.8
78.8
78.9
78.1
78.0
77.9
78.1
78.5
78.6
78.4
78.9
78.5
78.7
698
657
615
660
722
587
665
609
610
651
666
638
572
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.6
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

2000

1999
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

109,782 109,915 109,706 109,986 110,275 109,797 110,060 110,413 110,877 111,227 111,562 112,089 112,129
63,795 63,944 63,690 63,700 63,805 63,835 63,772 63,985 64,005 64,259 64,358 64,727 64,883
62,396 62,538 62,324 62,254 62,367 62,350 62,310 62,621 62,607 62,825 62,914 63,407 63,468
45,946 45,952 45,991 46,233 46,538 46,067 46,386 46,452 46,847 46,968 47,161 47,152 47,195
45,059 45,046 45,067 45,262 45,529 45,084 45,407 45,497 45,822 45,907 46,094 46,189 46,187
2,379
2,474
2,363
2,448
2,470
2,343
2,295
2,495
2,554
2,315
2,327
2,331
2,493
23,242
7,420
5,132
15,792
13,179
4,931

23,204
7,411
5,176
15,798
13,202
4,826

23,291
7,496
5,234
15,800
13,246
4,811

23,228
7,511
5,192
15,749

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,893
2,659
2,378
2,159
1,915
600

4,626
2,340
2,103
2,199
1,946
577

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,202
495
209
729
430
563

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

23,437
7,598
5,351
15,865
13,312
4,774

23,386
7,643
5,483
15,691
13,204
4,699

23,205
7,613
5,302

13,218
4,818

23,108
7,537
5,282
15.523
13,137
4,689

4,807
2,533
2,218
2,299
2,033
556

4,633
2,569
2,272
2,081
1,852
509

4,641
2,573
2,229
2,127
1,903
509

4,705
2,556
2,239
2,128
1,939
527

1,209
502
187
704
408
614

1,221
547
193
712
414
614

1,265
600
276
670
392
597

1,284
566
249
729
438
597

22,946
7,485
5,213
15,450
12,964
4,769

22,975
7,581
5,295
15,377
12,932
4,748

23,224
7,552
5,197

23,210
7,557

15,666
13,169
4,734

23,081
7,610
5,255
15,483
12,996
4,830

15,641
13,075

15,627

4,951

4,860

4,712
2,625
2,295
2,100
1,861
556

4,568
2,533
2,172
2,068
1,792
604

4,614
2,588
2,224
2,068
1,771
619

4,536
2,526
2,151
2,068
1,792
593

4,540
2,493
2,109
2,065
1,799
632

4,554
2,389
2,125
2,093
1,864
566

4,595
2,512
2.234
1.978
1,738
623

1,216
518
222
706
432
562

1,133
449
170
666
395
568

1,228
504
207
707
424
597

1,146
499
216
625
377
553

1,191
502
199
686
406
586

1,175
520
236
640
384
555

1,112
483
213
615
415
483

1,191
508
201
707
452
539

5,193
13,157

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.3
4.0
3.7
4.5
4.1
20.5

4.0
3.5
3.3
4.6
4.1
19.8

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
19.4

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
17.1

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.0
17.6

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
18.2

4.1
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.9
19.2

4.0
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
20.8

4.0
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
20.2

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
19.2

3.9
3.7
3.2
4.2
3.8
19.8

3.9
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.9
18.5

3.9
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.6
20.1

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.9
6.3
3.9
4.4
3.2
10.2

5.0
6.3
3.5
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.0
6.8
3.6
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.2
7.4
5.0
4.1
2.9
11.0

5.3
7.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
11.3

4.9
6.4
4.0
4.3
3.1
10.5

4.6
5.5
3.0
4.1
2.9
10.8

5.0
6.2
3.8
4.3
3.1
11.2

4.7
6.2
3.9
3.9
2.8
10.3

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.0
10.9

4.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
10.5

4.6
6.0
3.9
3.8
3.1
8.9

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.3
10.0

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Category
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362
43,077 43,164 43,210 42,997 43,279 43,350 43,368 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951 43,535
33,130 33,176 33,284 33,442 33,758 33,387 33,504 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166 33,882
8,272
8,335
8,312
8,398
8,081
8,375
8,362
8,526
8,142
8,081
8,028
8,220
8,103

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

39,650

40,005

40,458

40,503

40,802

40,823

40,800

40,784

40,718

40,363

40,800

40,924

40,806

39,152
18,090
14,662
18,097
3,469

38,821
18,034
14,591
18,135
3,438

38,816
17,904
14,508
17,775
3,508

38,939
18,049
14,452
17,920
3,440

38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477

38,673
17,990
14,431
18,019
3,421

38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412

38,634
17,876
14,659
18,227
3,365

39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365

39,283
17,633
14,903
18,476
3,407

39,311
17,706
14,940
18,299
3,367

39,614
18,155
14,610
18,385
3,574

39,703
18,344
14,681
18,279
3,630

1,900
1,376
43

1,905
1,358

1,930
1,399
33

1,930
1,330
36

1,923
1,341
39

1,939
1,292
45

1,908
1,266
46

1,930
1,198
40

1,936
1,267
42

2,049
1,216
41

2,018
1,211
36

2,024
1,320
38

2,025
1,344

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

39

51

120,967 120,939 120,925 121,311 121,006 121,188 121,150 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823 123,166
102,184 102,161 102,147 102,540 101,999 102,156 102,036 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810 103,772
944
861
939
935
914
873
1,035
983
944
926
948
952
1,016
101,323 101,235 101,212 101,626 101,016 101,212 101,163 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858 102,756
18,783
18,817 18,902
19,114 19,080
19,007 19,032
18,778 18,778 18,771
18,959 19,013
19,394
8,820
8,733
8,833
8,801
8,726
9,000
8,791
8,840
8,730
8,686
8,662
8,802
8,793
77
108
101
65
61
127
93
100
88
108
98
92
74

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,425
1,985
1,131
18,677
3,282

1,900
1,101
18,094

2,018
1,181
18,622

3,403
1,937

3,399
1,950

1,117
18,752

1,116
18,692

3,325
1,927
1,128
18,031

3,225
1,845
1,087
18,159

3,229

3,509

1,845
1,089
18,138

3,377
2,048
1,045
18,716

3,316
1,974
1,050
18,983

3,209
1,902
1,031
18,106

3,142
1,850

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




1,034
18,466

3,279
1,904
1,057
19,230

3,283
1,922
1,073
18,801

3,179
1,928
993
18,799

3,274
1,930
1,032
18,651

3,127

3,112

1,813
1,041
18,652

1,806

2,983
1,807
964
18,249

3,105
1,815

1,063
18,273

1,013
18,083

3,320
1,951

1,025
18,618
3,157
1,843
1,018
18,061

3,219
1,893
1,012
18,889

3,139
1,807
1,023
19,031

3,066

2,985
1,705

1,801

986
18,347

1,005
18,406

holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Age and sex
Feb.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

133,029 132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362
19,939 20,028 19,935 20,078 20,068 20,106 20,226 20,188 20,334 20,621 20,473
20,012 20,030
7,265
7,114
7,219
7,356
7,223
7,242
7,077
7,106
7,237
7,132
7,156
7,241
7,273
2,803
2,776
2,845
2,855
2,797
2,834
2,765
2,745
2,809
2,782
2,802
2,809
2,794
4,461
4,325
4,361
4,492
4,421
4,411
4,309
4,369
4,466
4,358
4,338
4,392
4,452
12,984
12,829 12,859 12,954
12,771
13,265
13,069
12,965
13,029
12,791
12,898
12,783
13,200
112,981 113,001 113,141 113,214 113,436 113,280 113,495 113,539 113,666 113,897 114,075 114,641 114,810
96,007 96,158 95,995 96,120 96,200 96,436 96,635 96,729 97,199 97,246
96,056 95,937 95,951
17,252
17,106
17,447 17,603
17,406
17,255
17,261 17,306 17,379 17,377
16,970 17,036 17,142
71,230

71,269

71,208

71,207

71,330

71,437

71,436

71,630

71,623

71,732

71,927

72,358

72,473

10,401
3,703
1,436
2,237
6,698
60,829
51,406
9,437

10,406
3,641
1,409
2,239
6,765
60,885
51,420
9,474

10,221
3,646
1,411
2,231
6,575
60,980
51,430
9,526

10,382
3,737
1,454
2,324
6,645
60,872
51,347
9,465

10,323
3,685
1,437
2,263
6,638
61,001
51,416
9,559

10,415
3,734
1,471
2,251
6,681
61,012
51,463
9,574

10,427
3,668
1,441
2,213
6,759
61,061
51,423
9,619

10,540
3,687
1,421
2,247
6,853
61,083
51,431
9,649

10,521
3,725
1,462
2,267
6,796
61,073
51,523
9,542

10,508
3,695
1,439
2,234
6,813
61,202
51,673
9,574

10,570
3,730
1,445
2,278
6,840
61,349
51,732
9,649

10,727
3,773
1,471
2,301
6,954
61,585
51,944
9,658

10,745
3,782
1,494
2,267
6,963
61,702
51,928
9,784

61,799

61,707

61,846

61,983

62,068

61,962

62,094

62,020

62,317

62,366

62,493

62,863

62,889

9,611
3,538
1,373
2,155
6,073
52,152
44,650
7,533

9,624
3,491
1,373
2,119
6,133
52,116
44,517
7,562

9,718
3,510
1,391
2,107
6,208
52,161
44,521
7,616

9,646
3,500
1,355
2,142
6,146
52,342
44,660
7,641

9,612
3,421
1,308
2,106
6,191
52,435
44,742
7,702

9,663
3,485
1,374
2,110
6,178
52,268
44,532
7,732

9,641
3,446
1,335
2,112
6,195
52,434
44,697
7,760

9,566
3,390
1,344
2,062
6,176
52,456
44,769
7,728

9,705
3,517
1,372
2,144
6,188
52,593
44,913
7,713

9,680
3,528
1,358
2,187
6,152
52,695
44,962
7,678

9,764
3,535
1,358
2,183
6,229
52,726
44,997
7,757

9,894
3,584
1,385
2,190
6,310
53,056
45,254
7,788

9,728
3,491
1,300
2,185
6,237
53,108
45,319
7,818

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




July

used in the household survey.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

6,108

5,828

6,032

5,823

5,934

5,937

5,842

5,825

5,757

5,736

5,688

5,689

5,804

2,262
1,194
526
654
1,068
3,830
3,336
503

2,218
1,184
553
632
1,034
3,626
3,133
497

2,211
1,173
557
612
1,038
3,822
3,286
507

2,130
1,090
540
563
1,040
3,686
3,225
474

2,172
1,122
534
587
1,050
3,753
3,231
534

2,160
1,098
518
578
1,062
3,779
3,250
521

2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475

2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461

2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472

2,249
1,171
553
619
1,078
3,488
3,048
459

2,209
1,160
553
612
1,049
3,479
2,987
477

2,119
1,060
465
577
1,059
3,578
3,089
494

2,267
1.197
529
653
1,071
3,520
2,997
546

3,232

2,949

3,062

3,111

3,084

3,061

3,063

3,013

3,057

2,996

3,003

2,946

3,121

1,197
648
274
361
549
2,010
1,714
286

1,165
643
294
350
522
1,780
1,520
256

1,195
632
316
321
563
1,871
1,597
265

1,184
603
310
301
581
1,924
1,665
273

1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270

1,187
597
282
313
590
1,887
1,589
298

1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284

1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292

1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278

1,194
645
292
353
549
1,789
1,531
252

1,252
671
311
356
581
1,757
1,493
246

1,150
613
246
364
537
1,800
1,552
248

1,236
691
312
367
544
1,861
1,574
281

2,876

2,879

2,970

2,712

2,850

2,876

2,779

2,812

2,700

2,740

2,685

2,743

2,683

1,065
546
252
293
519
1,820
1,622
217

1,053
541
259
282
512
1,846
1,613
241

1,016
541
241
291
475
1,951
1,689
242

946
487
230
262
459
1,762
1,560
201

960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264

973
501
236
265
472
1,892
1,661
223

991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1.583
191

1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169

1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194

1,055
526
261
266
529
1,699
1,517
207

957
489
242
256
468
1,722
1,494
231

969
447
219
213
522
1,778
1,537
245

1,032
505
217
286
526
1,659
1.424
266

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

14

Feb.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
2000

1999
Age and sex
Feb.

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16to 19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

10.2
14.2
15.8
13.0
7.7
3.3
3.4
2.9

10.0
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.8

10.0
14.1
16.6
12.4
7.5
3.3
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.1
16.1
11.2
7.5
3.2
3.2
2.7

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0

9.7
13.2
15.4
11.7
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7

10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6

10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7

10.0
14.0
16.5
12.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.6

9.8
13.8
16.5
12.1
7.4
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.6
14.0
11.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.0
14.1
15.9
12.8
75
3.0
3.0
3.0

4.3

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.1

10.3
14.9
16.0
13.9
7.6
3.2
3.2
2.9

10.1
15.0
17.3
13.5
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.5
14.8
18.3
12.6
7.9
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.9
17.6
11.5
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.8

10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.8
16.1
12.2
8.1
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9

9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

10.2
14.9
16.9
13.6
7.5
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.6
15.2
17.7
13.5
7.8
2.8
2.8
2.5

9.7
14.0
14.3
13.7
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.5

10.3
15.5
17.3
13.9
7.3
2.9
2.9
2.8

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

10.0
13.4
15.5
12.0
7.9
3.4
3.5
2.8

9.9
13.4
15.9
11.7
7.7
3.4
3.5
3.1

9.5
13.4
14.8
12.1
7.1
3.6
3.7
3.1

8.9
12.2
14.5
10.9
6.9
3.3
3.4
2.6

9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3

9.1
12.6
14.7
11.2
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8

9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1

9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5

9.8
13.0
16.1
10.8
7.9
3.1
3.3
2.6

8.9
12.2
15.1
10.5
7.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

8.9
11.1
13.7
8.9
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.1

9.6
12.6
14.3
11.6
7.8
3.0
3.0
3.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




July

used in the household survey.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)

1999

2000

Category
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

4.4
3.7
3.8
14.2

4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6

4.1
3.5
3.5

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6

4.1
3.4
3.5

13.8

4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0

14.1

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.8
7.3
8.2
6.8

3.6
7.2
8.0
6.0

3.8
7.0
7.8
6.8

3.7
6.8
7.6
6.7

3.8
6.7
7.6
6.6

3.7
7.2
8.6
6.3

3.7
6.8
7.8
6.5

3.6
7.2
8.3
6.6

3.5
7.2
8.3
6.3

3.5
7.1
8.0
6.1

3.5
7.0
7.9
5.9

3.4
7.1
8.2
5.6

3.6
6.9
7.8
5.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.4
2.8
6.5

2.1
2.7
6.6

2.3
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.6
6.0

2.2
2.7
6.5

2.3
2.8
6.4

2.3
2.7
6.3

2.2
2.6
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.0

2.1
2.5
6.0

2.2
2.5
6.2

2.0
2.6
6.2

2.1
2.6
6.1

1.9
3.9
4.3
6.1
7.6

1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
6.9

1.9
3.8
3.8
6.5
7.1

2.0
3.4
4.0
6.4
7.6

2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1

1.9
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.5

1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4

1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3

1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8

1.8
3.6
3.7
6.2
6.7

1.7
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.8

1.8
3.4
3.7
6.1
4.7

1.6
3.7
4.2
6.1
5.7

4.4
4.7
7.1
7.4
3.7
3.3
4.3
4.2
3.1
5.2
2.4
4.1
2.3
10.8

4.3
4.4
5.5
7.0
3.5
3.1
4.2
4.2
2.9
5.4
2.0
4.2
2.1
9.4

4.4
4.5
8.4
7.3
3.4
3.2
3.9
4.3
2.9
5.4
3.2
4.1
2.4
9.5

4.3
4.5
5.9
7.2
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.2
4.0
2.5
10.1

4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3

4.4
4.4
6.0
6.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.4
5.2
2.4
4.4
2.2
9.0

4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6

4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7

4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.2
4.6
5.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.3

4.1
4.4
4.1
6.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.2
2.1
3.8
2.1
7.1

4.2
4.1
2.6
6.4
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.1
2.5
4.2
2.1
5.0

4.2
4.4
4.0
7.5
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.1
3.2
5.3
2.9
3.7
2.2
6.5

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

16

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Reason
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .... 2,721
854
On temporary layoff
1,867
Not on temporary layoff
750
Job leavers
2,090
Reentrants
498
New entrants
.

2,646
833
1,813
774
2,007
446

2,695
843
1,852
810
2,039
473

2,678
837
1,841
781
2,034
440

2,670
876
1,794
831
2,038
359

2,670
847
1,823
768
2,003
459

2,629
893
1,736
793
1,942
481

2,573
869
1,704
758
1,967
504

2,518
802
1,716
778
1,958
511

2,493
851
1,642
821
1,935
485

2,401
795
1,606
825
2,036
453

2,477
739
1,739
776
2,043
393

2,616
838
1,778
759
1,975
387

43.5
14.8
28.6
14.3
33.7
8.5

42.0
13.9
28.1
14.4
35.6
7.9

43.5
13.0
30.6
13.6
35.9
69

45.6
14.6
31.0
13.2
34.4
67

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
. ...
Reentrants
.
.
New entrants
.

44.9
14.1
30.8
12.4
34.5
8.2

45.1
14.2
30.9
13.2
34.2
7.6

44.8
14.0
30.8
13.5
33.9
7.9

45.1
14.1
31.0
13.2
34.3
7.4

45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1

45.3
14.4
30.9
13.0
33.9
7.8

45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2

44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7

43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.5
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

1.7
.6
1 5
.3

1.8
.6
1 4
.3

1.8
6
1 4
.3

1.9
5
1 4
.3

in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Duration
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

2,585
1,925
1,539
754
785

2,521
1,884
1,467
752
715

2,741
1,868
1,474
794
680

2,502
1,832
1,519
784
735

2,540
1,775
1,634
806
828

2,640
1,778
1,511
779
732

2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716

2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704

2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715

2,601
1,760
1,401
725
676

2,620
1,694
1,388
693
695

2,447
1,754
1,372
667
705

2,603
1,864
1,277
673
604

13.8
6.9

13.6
6.8

13.2
6.1

13.4
6.6

14.3
6.3

13.5
5.8

13.2
6.4

13.0
5.9

13.2
6.3

13.0
6.2

12.8
5.9

13.2
5.7

12.5
6.1

100.0
42.7
31.8
25.4
12.5
13.0

100.0
42.9
32.1
25.0
12.8
12.2

100.0
45.1
30.7
24.2
13.1
11.2

100.0
42.7
31.3
26.0
13.4
12.6

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9

100.0
44.5
30.0
25.5
13.1
12.3

100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2

100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1

100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3

100.0
45.1
30.5
24.3
12.6
11.7

100.0
45.9
29.7
24.3
12.2
12.2

100.0
43.9
31.5
24.6
12.0
12.7

100.0
45.3
32.5
22.2
11.7
10.5

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

208,907
16,149
8,107

140,185

8,042
18,177
118,671

4,894
14,050
100,158
31,836
15,301

37,612
18,131
19,481
44,558

7,905
3,011

16,535
38,009

22,236
22,322
36,501

30,314

19,728

16,769

16,773

13,545

23,348

13,963
9,075
4,888
4,108
2,194

12,979
10,370
32,562

9,246

18,854
19,155

8,518
14,797

1,090

100,330
8,238
4,203
4,035
9,056
58,045
18,374
8,822
9,552
21,887
10,926
10,961
17,784
9,617
8,167
11,165
6,273
4,892
13,826
4,279
3,749
5,798

74,808

824

67.1
48.9
37.1
60.9
77.3
84.4
84.6
84.4
84.9
85.3
84.8
85.8
83.1
85.0
80.8
59.8
69.9
47.1
12.6
23.7
12.8
5.6

133,954
6,754
2,511
4,243
12,885

74.6
49.8
38.3
61.8
81.7
91.9
93.4
92.9
93.9
93.1
93.8
92.4
88.7
90.3
86.9
68.1
77.4
56.1
17.3
28.9
17.0
8.8

71,311
3,443
1,320
2,122
6,763
51,441
16,448
7,782
8,666

60.2
48.0
35.9
59.9
73.0
77.3
76.2
76.3
76.2
77.8
76.1
79.5
77.6
79.9
75.0
52.2
62.9
39.1
9.2
19.3
9.5
3.5

64.1
41.8
31.0
52.8
70.9
81.6
81.3
80.7
81.9
82.4
81.9
82.9
80.8
82.7
78.6
58.1
67.9
45.8
12.1
22.9
12.3
5.3

2,973
151
68
83
253
1,886
616
297
319
721
347
374
550
312
238
377
205
172
306
122
87
97

130,981
6,604
2,443
4,161
12,632
94,913
29,961
14,327
15,635
35,993
17,857
18,136
28,958
16,006
12,952
13,184
8,602
4,582
3,648
1,996
959
693

6,231
1.151
499
651
1,165
3,360
1,258
677
581
1,294
649
645
807
451
356
402
268
135
154
77
44
33

4.4
14.6
16.6
13.3
8.3
3.4
4.0
4.4
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.8
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.0

68,723
8,244
5,096
3.148
4,127
18,512
5,776
2,831
2,946
6,549
3,382
3,167
6,187
2,959
3,228
9,385
3,904
5,481
28,454
7,052
7,428
13.974

2.139
121
52
69
184
1,340
433
220
213
524
268
256
383
220
163
268
144
124
226
91
59
75

69,173
3.322
1,268
2,054
6,579
50,101

607
492

71.1
41.8
31.4
52.6
74.7
88.6
89.5
88.2
90.7
89.8
90.5
89.2
86.2
88.1
84.0
66.1
75.2
54.5
16.5
27.6
16.2
8.5

417

3,497
661
290
371
632
1,883
721
414
307
714
365
350
448
219
229
214
135
79
106
53
33
20

4.7
16.1
18.0
14.9
8.5
3.5
4.2
5.0
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.5
2.8
2.5
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.9
4.4
4.3
5.1
3.9

25,522
4,134
2,593
1,541
1,661
4,720
1,205
626
579
1,513
678
835
2,002
929
1,074
3,567
1,419
2,148
11,440
3,044
3,110
5,285

62,642
3,312
1,191
2,121
6,122
45,358
14,129
6,841
7,288
17,055
8,321
8,734
14,173
7,848
6.326
6,177
4,088
2,088
1,674
936
440
298

57.7
41.9
30.5
52.9
67.1
74.8
73.4
73.5
73.4
75.2
73.6
76.9
75.7
77.6
73.5
50.7
61.0
38.1
8.9
18.8
9.2
3.3

834
30
16
14
70
546
183
77
106
197
79
117
167
91
75
109
61
48
80
30
28
22

61,808
3,282
1,175
2,107
6,053
44,812
13,946
6,764
7,182
16,858
8,242
8,617
14,007
7,757
6,250
6,068
4,027
2,041
1,594
906
412
276

2,734
489
209
280
533
1,477
538
263
274
580
285
295
359
233
126
188
132
56
48
24
11
13

4.2
12.9
14.9
11.7
8.0
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.3
25
2.9
2.0
3.0
3.1
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.5
4.2

43,200
4,110
2.503
1,607
2,466
13,792
4,571
2.205
2,366
5,036
2,704
2,332
4,184
2,030
2,154
5,818
2,485
3,333
17,014
4,008
4;318
8,689

96,799
30,577
14,624
15,954
36,714
18,204

18,510
29,507
16,318
13,190
13,561
8,807
4,754
3,954
2,117
1,046

790

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19years
16 to 17years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

4,104
1,610
2,494

7,395
53,324
17,169
8,196

8,973
20,373
10,248
10,125

15,782
7,093
7,599
4,854
2,744
2,386
1,235

639
512

19,659
9,884
9,776
15,334
8,470

6.864
7,384
4,719

2,665
2,280
1,182

16,015
7,562
8,453
19,135
9,616
9,519
14,951
8,249
6,701
7,116
4,575
2,541
2,055

1,090
547

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

108,577
7,911
3,904
4,007
9,121

60,626
19,238

9,309
9,929
22,671
11,310
11,361
18,717
10,111

8,606
12,183
6,706
5,477

18,736
4,967

4,769
9,000

65,377
3,801
1,400
2,401
6,655
46,834
14,667
7,105
7,562
17,635
8,606
9,030
14,532
8,080
6,452
6,364

4,221
2,144

1,722
959
451
311

See footnotes at end of table.




18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex. and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

173,886

117,154

12,725
6,338
6,387

6,693
2,573

Employed

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

13,519
11,130
11,501
7,480
4,021
3,284
1,779
867
638

4,578
885
406
479
797
2,440
873
457
415
957
464
492
610
328
282
333
225
108
123
65
35
23

3.9
13.2
15.8
11.6
6.9
2.9
3.4
3.7
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.3
3.3
3.6
3.0

56,732
6,032
3,765
2,267
3,015
14,537
4,436
2,097
2.339
5,179
2,661
2,517
4,922
2,294
2,628
7,955
3,296
4,659
25,192
6,057
6.511
12,624

2,655
539
235
305
422
1.430
525
295
230
561
270
291
344
162
182
179
111
68
85
43
28
14

4.2
15.5
17.5
14.2
6.9
3.2
3.7
4.4
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.4
2.5
2.2
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.9
3.9
4.7
3.0

20,840
3,027
1,924
1,104
1,179
3,449
825
383
442
1,091
461
630
1.533
688
845
3,009
1,186
1,824
10,176
2,617
2.783
4,776

1.923
345
171
174
376
1,010
348
162
186
396
194
202
266
166
100
154
114
41
38
22
8

3.6
10.7
13.9
8.8
7.0
2.7
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.2
2.5
1.8
2.8
3.1
2.2
2.5
2.6
1.9
3.1

35.891
3.005
1,842
1,163
1,836
11,088
3.612
1,714
1,897
4.088
2.200
1,888
3,389
1,606
1,782
4,946
2,110
2,835
15,016
3,440
3.728
7,848

Nonagricultural
industries

labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

14,550
97,578
30,134

14,437
15,697
36,749
18,256
18,493

30,696
16,437
14,258

20,144
11.195

8,949
28,889
8,011

7,501
13,377

4,120
11,534

83,041
25,697
12,340
13,358
31,570
15,595
15,975
25,774
14,143
11,631
12,189

7,899
4,290
3,697
1,954
990
753

67.4
52.6
40.6
64.5
79.3
85.1
85.3
85.5
85.1
85.9
85.4
86.4
84.0
86.0
81.6
60.5
70.6
47.9
12.8
24.4
13.2
5.6

112,576
5,808

75.3
53.5
41.1
66.0
83.9
92.9
94.5
94.7
94.3
94.1
94.9
93.2
89.9
91.6
87.9
69.0
78.2
57.4
17.6
29.8
17.3
9.1

60,867
2,940
1,105
1,834
5.731
43,577
13,613
6,477
7,136
16,684
8,375
8,309
13.279

59.9
51.7
40.1
63.0
74.6
77.4
76.2
76.5
76.0
77.8
76.0
79.6
78.2
80.6
75.4
52.5
63.3
39.2
9.2
19.7
9.8
3.4

51,709
2,869
1,062
1,807
5,006
37,025
11,211
5,405
5.806
13,929
6,756
7,174
11,884

2.167
3,641
10,737
80,602
24,824
11,882

12,942
30,614
15,131
15,483

25,164
13,814
11,349
11,855

7,674
4,182
3,573
1,889

954
730

109,751

64.7
45.6
34.2
57.0
73.8
82.6
82.4
82.3
82.4
83.3
82.9
83.7
82.0
84.0
79.6
58.9
68.5
46.7
12.4
23.6
12.7

2,824
137
66
71
247
1,796
590
282
309
691
333
358
515
296
219
355
194
161
289
110

5.5

92

72.1
45.2
33.9
56.6
78.2
89.9
91.0
90.5
91.4
91.0
92.0
90.0
87.6
89.6
85.3
67.2
76.1
55.9
16.9
28.6
16.5
8.8

2,021
113
50
63
183
1,262
411
208
203

80
59
73

58,846
2,826
1,055
1,771
5,548
42,315
13.203
6,269
6,934
16.188
8,121
8,067
12.924
7,092
5,832
6,284
4,004
2,280
1,873
987
497
389

57.8
46.1
34.5
57.5
69.4
75.4
73.9
74.2
73.6
75.6
73.8
77.4
76.5
78.6
74.0
51.1
61.4
38.3
9.0
19.2
9.6
3.3

803
24
16
8
64
533
179
73
106
195
79
115
160
89
71
104
58
46
77
30
28
19

50,906
2,844
1,046
1.799
4,942
36,491
11,032
5,332
5,700
13,735
6,676
7,058
11.725
6,426
5,298
5,216
3,476
1,741
1,411
792
371
249

87

5,671
2,101
3,570
10,490
78,806
24,234
11,601

12,634
29,923
14,797
15,125

24,649

Men
84,363
6,506
3,264
3,243
7,332

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

48,456

14,963
7,155
7,808
18,336
9,106
9,230
15,157
8,150
7,007
9.723
5,437
4,286

60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

63,522
3,479
1,340
2,139
6,152
45,007
14,138
6,773
7,366
17,245
8,645
8,600
13,623

7,462
6,162
6,714
4,252

2,462

12,346
3,727
3,366
5,253

2,170
1,110
584
All

89,523
6.219
3.074
3,144
7,218
49.123
15,171
7,281
7,889

53,632
3,214
1,233
1.981
5,382
38.035
11,559
5,567
5,992
14,325
6,950
7,375
12,151
6,681

7,299
5,980
6,534
4,140
2,394
2,085

1,067
556
462

496
254
243
355
207
148
250
136

114
212

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

18,413
9,150
9,263
15,539
8,288
7,252

10,421
5,757
4,663
16,543
4,283
4,134
8,125

5,469
5,475
3,647
1,828

1,526
844
406
277

6,515
5,369
5,321
3,533
1,787
1,488
822

398
268

See footnotes at end of table.




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

25,076
2,476
1,249
1,226
2,653
14,851
5,158
2,539
2,619
5,656
2,875
2,781
4,036
2,333
1,703
2,337
1,302
1,034
2,759
904
787
1,068

16,542
898
311
587
1,901
12,212
4,335
2,096
2,239
4,709
2,397
2,312
3,168
1,856
1,312
1,225
832
393
306
180
73
54

66.0
36.3
24.9
47.9
71.6
82.2
84.0
82.6
85.5
83.3
83.4
83.1
78.5
79.5
77.1
52.4
63.9
38.0
11.1
19.9
9.2
5.0

15,164
673
232
441
1,587
11,440
4,012
1,916
2,096
4,420
2,234
2,186
3,008
1,752
1,256
1,181
806
375
283
172
67
43

60.5
27.2
18.6
36.0
59.8
77.0
77.8
75.5
80.0
78.1
77.7
78.6
74.5
75.1
73.8
50.5
61.9
36.3
10.3
19.0
8.6
4.1

100
5

11,252
1,216
627
589
1,217
6,713
2,306
1,121
1,185
2,590
1,309
1,281
1,817
1,054
762
1,014
567
447
1,092
406
289
398

7,818
462
183
279
906
5,726
2,032
942
1,090
2,243
1,138
1,104
1,451
856
595
571
393
178
152
89
39
24

69.5
38.0
29.2
47.3
74.5
85.3
88.1
84.1
92.0
86.6
87.0
86.2
79.9
81.2
78.0
56.4
69.4
39.9
13.9
21.8
13.6
6.1

7,133
361
138
223
728
5,356
1,868
846
1,022
2,118
1.055
1,063
1,370
809
561
553
384
170
135
81
36
18

63.4
29.7
22.1
37.8
59.8
79.8
81.0
75.5
86.2
81.8
80.6
83.0
75.4
76.8
73.5
54.6
67.7
37.9
12.4
19.9
12.4
4.6

76
2

13,824
1,259
622
637
1,437
8,138
2,852
1,418
1,434
3,066
1,565
1,501
2,220
1,279
941
1,323
736
587
1,667
498
498
670

8,725
436
128
308
995
6,486
2,302
1,154
1,149
2,466
1,258
1.208
1,717
1,000
718
654
439
215
154
91
33
29

63.1
34.6
20.5
48.4
69.3
79.7
80.7
81.4
80.1
80.4
80.4
80.5
77.4
78.1
76.3
49.4
59.7
36.5
9.2
18.4
6.6
4.4

8.032
312
94
219
859
6,084
2,144
1,071
1,074
2,302
1,179
1,123
1,638
942
695
628
422
206
148
91
32
25

58.1
24.8
15.1
34.3
59.8
74.8
75.2
75.5
74.9
75.1
75.3
74.8
73.8
73.7
73.9
47.5
57.4
35.0
8.9
18.4
6.3
3.7

24
3

5
5
72
19
11
8
23
8
15
30
14
16
13
3
10
5
5

15,064
669
232
437
1,581
11,368
3,993
1,905
2,088
4,397
2,226
2,171
2,978
1,738
1,240
1,168
803
365
278
167
67
43

1,378
225
79
146
314
772
322
180
143
289
163
126
161
104
57
44
26
18
23
8
5
10

8.3
25.0
25.4
24.8
16.5
6.3
7.4
8.6
6.4
6.1
6.8
5.4
5.1
5.6
4.3
3.6
3.2
4.5
7.6
4.4

8,533
1,578
938
639
752
2,639
824
443
381
947
478
470
868
478
390
1,112
470
642
2,453
724
715
1.015

7,056
359
138
221
728
5,296
1,852
838
1,014
2,097
1,047
1,050
1.346
798
549
543
384
160
130
76
36
18

685
101
45
56
178
370
164
96
68
125
83
41
81
47
34
18
10
9
17
8
4
6

8.8
21.9
24.6
20.1
19.7
6.5
8.1
10.2
6.2
5.6
7.3
3.7
5.6
5.5
5.7
3.2
2.5
4.8
11.3
8.9

3,434
754
444
310
311
987
274
178
95
347
171
177
366
198
168
442
173
269
940
317
249
374

8,008
310
94
216
854
6,072
2,141
1,067
1,074
2,300
1,179
1,121
1,631
940
691
625
419
206
148
91
32
25

693
124
34
90
136
402
158
83
75
164
80
85
80
57
23
26
17
9
6

7.9
28.3
26.5
29.1
13.7
6.2
6.9
7.2
6.5
6.7
6.3
7.0
4.6
5.7
3.2
3.9
3.8
4.2
3.9

5,099
823
495
329
442
1,652
550
264
285
600
307
293
502
280
223
669
297
373
1.513
407
465
641

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

60
15
7
8
21
8
13
23
12
21
10
10
5
5

]

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in




the household survey.

20

3
5
12
4
4

2
4

(M
1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

206,873
138,202
66.8

208,907

92,092
70,704

15,939
7,849
49.2
6,699
184
6,515
1,150
14.6
8,090

16.149

133,954
2,973

99,746
60,608
60.8
58,210
757
57,452
2,398
4.0
39,138

100,666

131,639

91,189
69,746
76.5
66,730
1,953
64,777
3,016
4.3

82,702
49,721

83,304
50,418
60.5
48,840
779
48,061
1,578
3.1
32,886

12,636
6,657
52.7
5,809

12,725
6,693
52.6
5.808

170

137
5,671
885

12,372
8,057
65.1
7,457
27
7,430
600
7.4
4,315

12,564
8,289
66.0

2,471
897
36.3
637
10
627
261
29.0
1,574

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

2,894
128,744
6,563
4.7
68,671

140,185
67.1
130,981

6,231
4.4
68,723

21,443

76.8

67,869
2,018
65,851
2,835
4.0
21,388

61,576
61.2
59,331
804
58,526
2,245
3.6
39,090

7,905
48.9
6,754
151
6,604
1,151
14.6
8,244

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

172,491

115,821
67.1
110,949
2,704
108,244
4,873
4.2
56,670

173,886
117,154
67.4

77,153
59,443
77.0

112,576
2,824
109,751
4,578
3.9
56,732

57,078
1,822
55,256

2,365
4.0
17,710

77,856
60,043
77.1
57,927
1,908
56,019
2,116
3.5
17,813

25,076
16,542
66.0
15,164
100
15,064
1,378
8.3
8,533

9,854
7,050
71.5
6,529
87
6,442

10,036
7,355
73.3
6,771
74
6,697

521
7.4
2,804

584

60.1
48.061
712
47,350

1,660
3.3
32,981

5,639
848
12.7
5,979

13.2
6,032

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

24,697
16,004
64.8
14,622
124

14,499
1,381
8.6
8,694

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




7.9
2,680

in the household survey.

21

7,719
21
7,698
570
6.9
4,275

2,476
898
36.3
673
5
669
225
25.0
1.578

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
I 6 t o I9years
20 to 24 years

19,092
12,941
6,151

9.306
5,518
3,788

48.7
42.6
61.6

8,371
4,815
3,556

1,653
443
1.210

6,718
4,372
2,346

935
703
232

207
110
97

729
593
136

10.1
12.7
6.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

9,946
9,146
7,670
1,477

3.834
5,472
4.188
1,284

38.5
59.8
54.6
87.0

3,269
5,101
3,913
1,188

189
1.464
677
787

3,081
3,637
3,236
401

565
371
275
96

81
126
66
60

484
245
209
36

14.7
6.8
6.6
7.5

9,549
6,559
2,991

4,545
2,747
1,798

47.6
41.9
60.1

4,043
2,350
1,693

803
209
594

3.240
2.141
1,099

502
397
105

113
65
48

388
331
57

11.0
14.4
5.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,263
4,286
3,600
686

2,111
2,433
1,832
602

40.1
56.8
50.9
87.7

1,781
2,262
1,701
561

132
671
312
358

1,649
1,591
1,389
202

330
171
131
41

53
61
36
24

278
111
94
17

15.6
7.0
7.1
6.8

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,543
6,382
3,161

4,762
2.771
1,991

49.9
43.4
63.0

4,328
2,465
1.863

850
234
616

3,478
2,230
1,247

434
306
127

94
45
49

340
262
79

9.1
11.1
6.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,683
4,860
4,070
791

1,723
3,039
2,357
682

36.8
62.5
57.9
86.3

1.489
2,840
2,212
627

57
793
365
428

1,431
2,046
1,847
199

234
200
145
55

28
66
30
36

206
134
115
19

13.6
6.6
6.1
8.1

15,003
10,187
4,816

7,830
4,723
3,106

52.2
46.4
64.5

7,126
4,179
2,947

1,328
357
971

5,798
3,822
1.976

704
544
160

124
67
56

580
477
103

9.0
11.5
5.1

Men
Women

7,498
7,505

3,810
4,019

50.8
53.6

3,432
3,693

652
676

2,780
3.017

378
326

59
64

319
261

9.9
8.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,644
7,359
6,202
1,157

3,213
4,616
3,594
1,023

42.0
62.7
57.9

2,784
4,342
3,378
963

146
1,183
561
622

2,638
3,159
2,818
342

429
275
215
59

39
84
51
33

390
190
164
26

13.4
6.0
6.0
5.8

2.768
1,934
834

1,003
561
442

36.2
29.0
53.0

823
433
389

255
72
183

567
361
206

180
127
53

70
41
29

110
87
23

18.0
22.7
11.9

1.336
1,432

499
503

37.4
35.1

401
422

120
136

281
286

82

44
26

54
56

19.7
16.2

1,635
1.133
896
237

439
564
371
193

26.8
49.8
41.4
81.3

333
489
328
161

37
218
94
125

296
271
234
37

105
75
43
31

35
35
10
24

70
40
33
7

24.0
13.2
11.7
16.3

2,181
1,620
560

965
561
404

44.2
34.6
72.1

830
443
387

221
48
173

396
214

135
117
17

26
16
11

109
102
7

14.0
21.0
4.3

Men
Women

1,114
1,067

513
452

46.1
42.3

437
393

124
97

313
296

76
59

8
18

68
41

14.8
13.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,339
842
648
194

379
586
406
180

28.3
69.6
62.6
92.9

288
542
370
172

31
190
68
122

257
352
302
50

91
44
36
9

12
15
11
4

79
30
24
5

23.9
7.5
8.8
4.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

„

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women

,

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




22

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Full

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,234
3,208
12,025

12,649
2,387
10,262

83.0
74.4
85.3

11,269
1,940
9,329

9,422
1,427
7,995

1,847
512
1,335

1,380
447
933

1,252
401
850

128
46
82

10.9
18.7
9 1

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,844
6,409
3,470
1,511

2,732
5,420
3,082
1,415

71.1
84.6
88.8
93.7

2,173
4,854
2,895
1,347

1,673
4,075
2,416
1,258

501
779
479
88

558
566
187
69

517
499
172
64

68
14
5

20.4
10.4
6.1
4.9

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,745
1,679
6,065

6,954
1,357
5,597

89.8
80.8
92.3

6,163
1,092
5,070

5,471
910
4,561

692
183
510

792
265
527

740
245
496

51
20
31

11.4
19.5
9.4

2,186
3,377
1,589
592

1,781
3,101
1,496
576

81.4
91.8
94.1
97.3

1,431
2,774
1,412
546

1,234
2,471
1,240
525

196
303
171
22

350
327
84
30

324
310
79
28

26
17
5
2

19.6
10.6
5.6
5.2

7,489
1,529
5,960

5,694
1,030
4,665

76.0
67.3
78.3

5.106
847
4,259

3.951
517
3,434

1,155
330
825

588
183
406

511
157
354

77
26
51

10.3
17.7
87

1,657
3,032
1,881
918

951
2,319
1,586
839

57.4
76.5
84.3
91.4

742
2,080
1,484
800

438
1,603
1,176
734

304
477
308
67

209
239
102
39

193
189
93
36

15
50
9
2

21.9
10.3
6,4
4.6

12,272
2,538
9,733

10,398
1,970
8,428

84.7
77.6
86.6

9,420
1,629
7,790

7,909
1,207
6,702

1,511
423
1,088

978
340
638

879
304
576

99
37
62

9.4
17.3
7.6

Men
Women .

6,340
5.932

5,821
4,577

91.8
77.2

5,238
4,182

4,686
3,223

552
959

583
395

543
336

40
59

10.0
8.6

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,045
5,145
2,788
1,293

2,254
4,430
2,504
1,211

74.0
86.1
89.8
93.6

1,851
4,039
2,365
1,165

1,459
3,407
1,962
1,081

392
632
404
84

403
391
138
45

373
335
131
41

30
56
7
5

17.9
8.8
5.5
3.8

2,362
542
1,819

1,797
338
1,459

76.1
62.2
80.2

1,438
240
1,198

1.162
173
989

276
67
209

359
97
262

332
89
243

27
9
18

20.0
28.9
17.9

Men
Women .

1.098
1,264

869
928

79.2
73.4

688
750

572
590

116
160

181
178

172
160

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

660
1,051
528
122

382
839
459
117

57.9
79.8
86.9
95.8

242
680
420
96

156
552
357
96

128
63

140
159
40
20

129
150
33
20

2,819
707
2,112

2,195
486
1,710

77.9
68.7
81.0

1,992
420
1,572

1,714
329
1,384

278
91
187

203
65
138

192
61
131

9.3
13.4
8.1

Men
Women

1,528
1.291

1,384
811

90.6
62.8

1,265
727

1,161
553

104
174

119
85

113
79

8.6
10.4

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,397
950
411
61

991
795
351
58

71.0
83.6
85.5

862
732
340
58

742
629
284
58

120
103
55

129
63
11

123
59
9

13.0
7.9
3.2

Total, 16to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

White
Total, 16 to 24 years ...
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

20.8
19.2
11
9
7

36.8
18.9
8.6
17.3

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




1

will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented ana
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Total
Educational attainment

Women

White

Black

Hispanic origin

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

173,034
116,729
67.5
112,475
65.0
4,254
3.6

174,581
118,229
67.7
114,314
65.5
3,916
3.3

82,272
62,608
76.1
60,230
73.2
2,378
3.8

83,036
63,309
76.2
61,106
73.6
2,203
3.5

90,762
54,121
59.6
52,245
57.6
1,876
3.5

91,545
54,920
60.0
53,208
58.1
1,712
3.1

145,576
97,951
67.3
94,735
65.1
3,216
3.3

146,611
98,927
67.5
96,030
65.5
2,896
2.9

19,635
13,387
68.2
12,556
63.9
831
6.2

19,946
13,743
68.9
12,904
64.7
839
6.1

16,482
11,451
69.5
10,812
65.6
639
5.6

17,108
12,027
70.3
11,444
66.9
583
4.8

28,112
11,917
42.4
10,897
38.8
1,020
8.6

27,376
11,638
42.5
10,829
39.6
809
7.0

13,265
7,223
54.5
6,605
49.8
619
8.6

12,924
7,018
54.3
6,537
50.6
481
6.9

14,847
4,693
31.6
4,292
28.9
401
8.5

14,453
4,620
32.0
4,292
29.7
328
7.1

22,506
9,594
42.6
8,814
39.2
781
8.1

21,975
9,413
42.8
8,800
40.0
612
6.5

4,381
1,727
39.4
1,542
35.2
185
10.7

4,139
1,615
39.0
1,452
35.1
163
10.1

6,989
4,024
57.6
3,657
52.3
367
9.1

7,253
4,408
60.8
4,093
56.4
315
7.1

57,062
37,063
65.0
35,583
62.4
1,479
4.0

57,471
37,403
65.1
35,932
62.5
1,471
3.9

25,878
19,502
75.4
18,672
72.2
829
4.3

26,235
19,867
75.7
19,039
72.6
828
4.2

31,184
17,561
56.3
16,911
54.2
650
3.7

31,236
17,536
56.1
16,892
54.1
643
3.7

48,374
31,121
64.3
30,013
62.0
1,107
3.6

48,555
31,254
64.4
30,175
62.1
1,079
3.5

6,714
4,677
69.7
4,367
65.0
310
6.6

6,937
4,867
70.2
4,530
65.3
337
6.9

4,445
3,309
74.4
3,148
70.8
161
4.9

4,771
3,510
73.6
3,390
71.1
120
3.4

43,911
32,601
74.2
31,525
71.8
1,077
3.3

44,486
32,946
74.1
31,911
71.7
1,036
3.1

20,346
16,496
81.1
15,945
78.4
551
3.3

20,425
16,454
80.6
15,906
77.9
548
3.3

23,566
16,105
68.3
15,579
66.1
526
3.3

24,061
16,493
68.5
16,005
66.5
488
3.0

36,963
27,145
73.4
26,349
71.3
797
2.9

37,267
27,327
73.3
26,586
71.3
742
2.7

5,266
4,205
79.9
3,971
75.4
234
5.6

5,555
4,405
79.3
4,152
74.7
254
5.8

3,125
2,493
79.8
2,428
77.7
65
2.6

3,195
2,540
79.5
2,446
76.5
94
3.7

30,676
22,211
72.4
21,393
69.7
818
3.7

30,886
22,315
72.3
21,538
69.7
778
3.5

14,533
11,486
79.0
11,071
76.2
415
3.6

14,610
11,517
78.8
11,098
76.0
419
3.6

16,143
10,725
66.4
10,322
63.9
403
3.8

16,276
10,798
66.3
10,439
64.1
359
3.3

25,585
18,244
71.3
17,650
69.0
594
3.3

25,679
18,312
71.3
17,759
69.2
552
3.0

3,952
3,120
78.9
2,931
74.2
189
6.1

4,115
3,223
78.3
3,026
73.5
197
6.1

2,341
1,867
79.7
1,821
77.8
45
2.4

2,371
1,867
78.8
1,797
75.8
70
3.8

13,235
10,390
78.5
10,131
76.5
258
2.5

13,601
10,631
78.2
10,373
76.3
258
2.4

5,813
5,010
86.2
4,874
83.8
136
2.7

5,815
4,936
84.9
4,807
82.7
129
2.6

7,423
5,380
72.5
5,258
70.8
122
2.3

7,785
5,694
73.1
5,566
71.5
128
2.3

11,378
8,902
78.2
8,699
76.5
203
2.3

11,588
9,016
77.8
8,826
76.2
189
2.1

1,314
1,085
82.6
1,040
79.1
45
4.2

1,440
1,183
82.1
1,126
78.2
57
4.8

784
626
79.9
606
77.4
20
3.2

824
673
81.7
649
78.7
24
3.6

43,949
35,149
80.0
34,471
78.4
678
1.9

45,247
36,242
80.1
35,643
78.8
599
1.7

22,783
19,388
85.1
19,008
83.4
379
2.0

23,452
19,970
85.2
19,624
83.7
346
1.7

21,166
15,761
74.5
15,462
73.1
299
1.9

21,795
16,272
74.7
16,018
73.5
254
1.6

37,733
30,091
79.7
29,559
78.3
531
1.8

38,815
30,932
79.7
30,469
78.5
463
1.5

3,274
2,778
84.8
2,675
81.7
102
3.7

3,315
2,855
86.1
2,770
83.5
85
3.0

1,923
1,626
84.6
1,579
82.1
47
2.9

1,888
1,569
83.1
1,516
80.3
53
3.3

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

24

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
February 2000
Employed1
Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race
Total

Unemployed

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time for
economic
reasons

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

110,279
1,870
183
1,687
108,408
9,205
99,204
86,026
13,177

98,904
1,590
166
1,424
97,314
8,147
89,167
77,510
11,658

8,411
246
11
236
8,165
875
7,290
6,289
1,001

2,963
33
6
27
2,929
183
2,746
2,228
518

23,675
4,884
2,328
2,556
18,791
3,681
15,110
10,773
4,337

2,055
221
56
165
1,835
415
1,420
1,248
171

20,564
4,543
2,210
2,334
16,021
3,149
12,872
8,991
3,881

1,056
120
63
58
935
117
819
533
285

4,891
512
98
413
4,379
947
3,432
3,038
394

1.340
639
401
238
701
218
483
321
162

63,571
1,119
62,453
5,155
57,298
49,393
7,906

57,728
955
56,773
4,615
52,159
45,145
7,014

4,195
144
4,051
453
3,598
3,018
579

1,648
19
1,629
87
1,542
1,229
313

7,740
2,324
5,416
1,608
3,808
2,049
1,759

863
94
769
208
561
493
68

6,548
2,174
4,374
1,363
3,011
1,445
1,566

329
56
273
38
235
110
125

2,912
310
2,602
544
2,059
1,813
246

584
351
233
88
144
70
74

46,707
752
45,956
4,050
41,905
36,634
5,272

41,176
635
40,541
3,532
37,009
32,365
4,644

4,216
102
4,114
422
3,692
3,270
422

1,314
14
1,300
96
1,204
999
206

15,935
2,560
13,375
2,072
11,303
8,724
2,578

1,193
127
1,066
207
858
755
104

14,016
2,369
11,647
1,786
9,861
7,546
2,315

727
64
662
79
583
423
160

1,978
202
1,777
403
1,374
1,226
148

756
287
468
130
339
251

54,260
928
53,332
4,410
48,922
41,937
6,985

49,288
800
48,488
3,965
44,523
38,345
6,178

3,585
116
3,469
385
3,084
2,565
519

1,388
12
1,376
61
1,315
1,027
288

6,607
2,012
4,595
1,321
3,274
1,640
1,634

638
75
564
158
405
356
49

5,690
1,885
3,805
1,132
2,673
1,201
1,472

278
52
226
30
196
83
113

2,178
246
1,932
357
1,576
1,371
205

477
294
184
65
119
59
59

37,667
636
37,032
3,263
33,769
29,285
4,484

33,205
542
32,663
2,860
29,803
25,844
3,959

3,434
87
3,347
322
3,025
2,660
364

1,028
6
1,022
81
941
781
160

14,042
2,233
11,809
1,743
10,065
7,740
2,325

936
111
825
153
672
585
87

12,470
2,063
10,407
1,539
8,868
6,787
2,081

635
58
577
51
525
368
157

1,315
125
1,190
276
914
801
113

608
220
388
100
288
209
79

6,398
156
6,241
535
5,706
5,102
605

5,782
123
5,658
464
5,194
4,648
546

444
25
419
55
364
322
42

172
8
164
16
148
131
17

735
205
530
192
338
254
84

159
16
144
46
98
90
8

535
187
348
139
209
146
63

40
3
38
7
31
18
12

607
56
550
160
391
363
27

78
45
34
19
15
7

6,725
89
6,636
637
6,000
5,428
572

5,931
73
5,858
547
5,311
4,818
493

584
11
572
77
496
447
48

211
4
206
13
193
162
31

1,307
223
1,083
223
861
657
204

203
13
191
46
144
139
5

1,046
210
837
153
684
485
198

57
1
56
23
33
32

581
73
508
113
395
372
23

112
51
62
23
39
30

White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)

Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over

Women
20 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

131,639 133,954

70,084

71,311

66,730

67,869

61,555

62,642

58,210

59,331

Feb.
1999
Total

16 years
and over

Feb.
2000

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

39,607
19,181
738
13,642
4,800
20,426
2,072
1,682
570
1,010
2,938
1,106
5,371
900
4,777

40,745
19,924
760
14,180
4,984
20,821
2,109
1,910
545
1,020
2,756
1,104
5,534
941
4,903

19,953
10,462
423
8,016
2,023
9,492
1,855
1,107
406
801
425
637
1,400
655
2,205

20,569
10,899
351
8,383
2,165
9,671
1,883
1,364
366
758
433
611
1,346
671
2,237

19,823
10,417
423
7,973
2,021
9,406
1,851
1,102
406
801
425
626
1,376
655
2,162

20,429
10,838
351
8,328
2,159
9,591
1,880
1,340
366
758
433
611
1,323
671
2,207

19,653
8,719
315
5,626
2,777
10,934
218
575
164
209
2,512
469
3,971
244
2,573

20,176
9,025
409
5,797
2,819
11,151
226
546
178
261
2,322
493
4,189
270
2,666

19,503
8,672
315
5,588
2,769
10,831
218
575
164
209
2,510
455
3,916
244
2,540

19,952
8,967
409
5,754
2,803
10,985
226
545
178
261
2,318
481
4,105
270
2,600

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,979
4,179
1,608
1,288
1,283
15,970
4,968
2,728
1,501
6,689
83
18,831
645
351
3,527
2,284
989
11,036

39,544
4,452
1,734
1,298
1,420
16,133
4,956
2,853
1,596
6,612
117
18,959
652
383
3,460
2,246
998
11,220

14,297
1,997
314
939
745
8,279
3,026
1,596
1,091
2,536
30
4,021
261
146
79
223
565
2,746

14,170
2,157
318
996
843
8,087
2,953
1,564
1,155
2,383
32
3,926
294
197
51
150
585
2,649

13,412
1,961
306
921
733
7,696
3,009
1,563
1,084
2,013
27
3,755
261
132
74
214
558
2,515

13,359
2,107
306
967
833
7,542
2,921
1,530
1,151
1,908
32
3,710
292
182
49
150
569
2,469

24,683
2,182
1,294
349
538
7,691
1,942
1,132
411
4,153
53
14,810
384
205
3,447
2,061
423
8,290

25,374
2,295
1,416
302
577
8,046
2,003
1,288
441
4,228
85
15,033
358
186
3,409
2,095
413
8,571

22,973
2,156
1,280
339
537
6,590
1,912
1,092
406
3,127
53
14,228
383
203
3,354
2,026
417
7,844

23,602
2,256
1,398
285
573
6.963
1,963
1.253
441
3.221
84
14,382
358
176
3,339
2,056
402
8,051

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
,
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

18,000
763
2,467
14,770
6,134
2,562
2,976
3,098

18,271
857
2,428
14,985
6,327
2,458
3,118
3,082

7,050
43
2,011
4,996
2,482
257
1,641
616

7,438
40
1,955
5,444
2,760
277
1,821
586

6,115
36
1,967
4,112
1,796
245
1,533
538

6,355
37
1,923
4,395
1,969
260
1,683
483

10,950
720
456
9,774
3,652
2,305
1,335
2,482

10,833
818
474
9,541
3,567
2,181
1,297
2,497

9,745
651
432
8,662
2,905
2,185
1,288
2,284

9,757
738
457
8,562
2,901
2,095
1.249
2,317

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,477
5,025
5,539
3,913

14,505
4,814
5,837
3,855

13,183
4,788
5,403
2,991

13,131
4,566
5,673
2,892

12,920
4,680
5,288
2,951

12,854
4,495
5,516
2,842

1,294
236
136
922

1,374
247
164
963

1,265
229
128
908

1,347
247
155
945

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,648
7,406
5,298
4,085
1,213
4,944
825
4,120

17,828
7,265
5,371
4,107
1,264
5,192
829
4,362

13,307
4,680
4,730
3,575
1,155
3,897
781
3,116

13,632
4,657
4,800
3,615
1,184
4,176
798
3,378

12,326
4,503
4,614
3,475
1,139
3,209
720
2,489

12,658
4,478
4,705
3,534
1,171
3,475
733
2,742

4,341
2,726
568
510
58
1,048
43
1,004

4,196
2,608
572
492
80
1,016
32
984

4,138
2,648
565
508
58
925
41
884

4,012
2,575
553
479
74
885
32
853

2,928
1,070
1,858

3,060
1,068
1,992

2,294
804
1,490

2,370
794
1,576

2,135
801
1,335

2,214
789
1,425

634
267
367

690
274
416

585
265
320

661
273
389

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

131,639
100.0

133,954
100.0

70,084
100.0

71,311
100.0

61,555
100.0

62,642
100.0

30.1
14.6
15.5

30.4
14.9
15.5
29.5
3.3
12.0
14.2
13.6
.6

28.5
14.9

28.8
15.3
13.6
19.9
3.0

32.2
14.4

5.9
3.3

31.9
14.2
17.8
40.1
3.5
12.5
24.1
17.8
1.2
.7
15.9
2.1
7.1
4.4
.9
1.7
1.0

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

29.6
3.2
12.1

14.3
13.7
.6

13.5
20.4
2.8
11.8
5.7

11.3
5.5

10.1

10.4

.1

.1
2.7
7.6
18.4
19.1
6.5
6.7

17.8
40.5
3.7
12.8
24.0

17.3
1.3
.8
15.2
2.2
6.7
4.2
.9
1.6
1.1

1.8
11.2

2.9

13.4
5.6
4.0
3.8
2.2

10.8
13.3
5.4
4.0
3.9
2.3

18.8
19.0
6.7
6.7
5.6
3.3

110,949
100.0

112,576
100.0

60,016
100.0

60,867
100.0

50,933
100.0

51,709
100.0

31.0
15.2
15.9
29.6
3.1
12.4

31.3

29.4

29.7

15.5

15.7

16.1

15.8

13.7
20.2

13.6
19.9
3.0
11.9
5.0
9.3
1
( )
2.5
6.7

32.9
14.5
18.4
40.7
3.6

33.1
14.8
18.3
41.1
3.7
13.2
24.2

1.9
11.2

11.0

7.1

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.8
5.3
3.9
3.6
2.4

29.6
3.3
12.5
13.9
12.5
.6
1.6
10.2
11.4
12.6
5.1
3.8
3.7
2.6

14,622
100.0

15,164
100.0

6,821
100.0

7,133
100.0

7,801
100.0

8,032
100.0

21.6
10.4
11.2
29.6
3.1
9.9
16.7
21.8
.5
3.4
17.8

22.5
10.2

17.9
8.7
9.3
19.5
3.1
8.3
8.1

18.7
8.8
9.9
18.4
2.9
6.5
8.9
18.8
1
( )
5.0
13.7
13.8
29.1
8.9
10.9
9.3

24.8
11.9
13.0
38.5
3.0

25.9

14.1

12.6
.6
1.7

10.3
11.5

2.8
12.1
5.4

9.0
.1
2.6
6.3
19.7
18.1
6.3
6.5
5.3
3.5

12.7
24.4
16.7

16.2
1.2
.6

6.4
5.5
3.7

1.2
.6
14.9
1.9
6.6
4.1
.9
1.6
1.2

14.4
2.1
6.2
3.8
.8
1.5
1.3

19.4
18.1
6.2

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

8.0
17.8
7.2
5.6
5.0
1.2

1
Less than 0.05 percent
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




12.4
28.8
3.2
8.6
17.0

21.7
1.0
3.4
17.2
7.7

18.3
(1)
5.5

18.6
7.0
6.0
5.6
.7

28.1
9.1
10.5
8.5
2.1

used in the household survey.

27

12.7
14.1

1.3

11.3
24.2

24.9
1.0
1.7
22.2
2.6
8.8
5.5
1.4
2.0
.3

11.4
14.5
38.1
3.5
10.4
24.2
24.2

1.8
2.0
20.4
2.3
9.2
5.3
1.6
2.3
3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
February 2000
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
,
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services ...
Public administration

Total
employed

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial

Administrative
Private
Sales support, household
including
clerical

Other

Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

2,973
496
8,617
20,389
12,366
8,023

116
65
1,212
3,113
1,917
1,196

89
49
144
1,961
1,296
666

57
15
55
666
497
170

8
3
90
814
355
458

115
54
442
2,006
1,130
877

10
3
34
226
97
129

43
194
5,163
3,826
2,661
1,165

22
15
106
5,895
3,428
2,467

42
77
442
694
386
308

16
21
918
1,083
520
563

2,456

9,646
27,433
5,354
22,080

1,325
2,573
682
1,891

567
583
134
449

345
327
56
270

273
11346
2,151
9,195

2,529
2,295
806
1,489

304
5,219
64
5,154

1,305
1,476
353
1,123

103
405
160
244

2,338
1,101
512
589

539
2,016
383
1,633

17
93
53
41

8,762
49,552
984
48,568
33,299
6,086

2,615
7,525
1
7,525
4,597
1,379

369
16,090
4
16,086
13,943
968

193
2,566
3
2,563
2,070
227

2,277
1,293

2,759
7,421
7
7,415
5,475
1,337

325
9,504
58
9,446
5,859
1,788

153
2,133

6
691

2,133
456
212

691
141
24

26
607
2
605
364
45

13
537
2
535
97
50

26
327
49
277
44
26

1,293
253
30

1

857
857

used in the household survey.

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

28

10
105
80
25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
February 2000
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Wage and

Self-

Unpaid

salary
workers

employed
workers

family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Private
household
workers

Other
private
industries

Government

Self-

Unpaid

employed
workers

family
workers

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,749
132
52
80
208
476
452
284
136
62

1,190
14
14
1
29
138
267
260
240
241

33
5
2
2
16
2
2
6
1
3

122,346
6,523
2,429
4,094
12,450
28,537
33,474
26,482
11,865
3,015

102,680
6,215
2,373
3,842
11,322
24,742
28,045
20,519
9,383
2,454

983
93
54
39
116
157
214
188
161
54

101,698
6,123
2,320
3,803
11,205
24,585
27,831
20,331
9,223
2,400

19,666
307
56
252
1,128
3,795
5,429
5,963
2,482
561

8,555
68
8
60
182
1,411
2,497
2,459
1,313
625

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,286
103
38
66
163
323
345
214
92
45

840
13
12
1
15
108
180
168
175
181

13
5
2
2
5
2

63,949
3,281
1,260
2,022
6,466
15,208
17,614
13,476
6,285
1,618

55,599
3,177
1,247
1,931
5,993
13,576
15,344
11,041
5,119
1,348

89
11
8
4
11
20
14
16
16

55,510
3,166
1,239
1,927
5,981
13,556
15,330
11,025
5,103
1,348

8,350
104
13
91
474
1,632
2,270
2,434
1,166
270

5,211
36
4
32
113
804
1,521
1,475
828
433

464
28
14
14
44
153
108
69
44
17

350
2
2

58,398
3,241
1,169
2,072
5,983
13,329
15,860
13,007
5,580
1,397

47,082
3,038
1,127
1,911
5,329
11,166
12,701
9,478
4,264
1,106

894
81
46
35
105
137
200
172
144
54

46,188
2,957
1,081
1,876
5,224
11,028
12,500
9,306
4,120
1,052

11,316
203
42
161
654
2,164
3,160
3,529
1,315
291

3,344
32
5
27
70
608
976
983
484
192

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

14
30
87
92
65
61

1
1
20
11
2
5
3

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




-

used in the household survey.

29

79
13
6
7
_
13
22
17
6
9
13
4
4
_
_
3
_
_
2
3
66
9
2
7
_
10
22
17
4
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23.

Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
February 2000
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

129,935

2,809

127,126

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

30,218
1,158
5,189
15,033
8,838

907
54
248
410
195

29,311
1,105
4,941
14,623
8,642

23.3
.9
4.0
11.6
6.8

32.3
1.9
8.8
14.6
7.0

23.1
.9
3.9
11.5
6.8

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

99,716
8,724
49,131
41,862
15,586
15,747
10,528

1,902
210
746
946
261
282
402

97,815
8,514
48,385
40,916
15,325
15,465
10,126

76.7
6.7
37.8
32.2
12.0
12.1
8.1

67.7
7.5
26.6
33.7
9.3
10.1
14.3

76.9
6.7
38.1
32.2
12.1
12.2
8.0

39.6
43.7

38.9
45.3

39.6
43.6

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagriculturai
industries

used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

30,218

8,411

21,807

29,311

8,129

21,182

3,296
1,979
1,027
165
125

1,338
1,091
_
123
125

1,958
888
1,027
43
-

3,138
1,874
1,015
130
119

1,245
1,030
_
96
119

1,892
844
1,015
34
-

26,922
920
5,970
731
7,404
1,960
2,085
291
385
7,175

7,073
115
862
101
2,085
291
385
3,235

19,849
805
5,108
731
7,304
1,960
_
3,941

26,173
918
5,780
710
7,287
1,832
2,039
291
329
6,987

6,884
115
846
101
2,039
291
329
3,164

19,290
803
4,934
710
7,187
1,832
_
_
3,824

23.0
21.1

23.7
26.1

22.5
19.3

23.1
21.2

23.9
26.1

22.6
19.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

30

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over.

127,126

29,311

Wage and salary workers .

119,019

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,138

6,884

19,290

97,815

39.6

43.6

26,715

2,783

6,449

17,482

92,305

39.6

43.5

450

21

3

10

429

48.0

48.5

6,835

1,181

307

467

407

5,654

40.8

42.3

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,615
11,923
7,692

2,000
1,044
956

203
101
103

1,072
643
429

724
300
425

17,615
10,879
6,736

42.8
43.3
42.1

43.8
43.9
43.6

Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,893
25,255
7,844

1,267
8,334
1,201

154
936
78

422
1,023
440

691
6,376
683

7,627
16,921
6,643

42.5
36.9
40.9

44.6
43.5
43.1

Service industries
Private households ...
All other industries ....
Public administration ..

44,272
954
43,318
5,856

11,819
540
11,279
892

1,060
87
973
42

2,490
47
2,443
526

8,269
405
7,864
324

32,452
414
32,039
4,964

38.5
30.3
38.7
41.1

43.3
42.7
43.4
42.5

Self-employed workers .
Unpaid family workers ..

8,027
79

2,547
50

354

435

1,758
50

5,480
30

39.9
30.3

46.7

Mining
Construction

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26.

Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status

(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons
Total

For
economic
reasons

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

6,884

19,290
4,386
2,121
2,265

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

TOTAL

127,126
6,450
2,374
4,076
120,675

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

12,340

108,335

25 years and over
25 to 54 years

92,250

55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years

3,138
272
51
220
2,866
536
2,330
2,037
294

16,086

15,604
4,623

67,310
3,247
1,230
2,017
64,063
6,462
57,600
48,833
8,767

10,848
2,298
1,113
1,185
8,549
1,941
6,608
4,641
1,967

1,547
134
18

59,816
3,204
1,144
2,059

18,463
2,530
1,070
1,460
15,934
2,314
13,619
10,963
2,657

1,591
137
33
104
1,454

56,613
5,878
50,735

43,416
7,319

55 years and over

29,311
4,828
2,183
2,645
24,483
4,255
20,228

171
10
160
6,713
701
6,012
5,213

799
3,209
89

14,904
3,018

11,886
8,355
3,531

97,815
1,622
192
1,431
96,192
8,085
88,108
76,645
11,462

39.6
23.1
17.0
26.6
40.5
35.5
41.1
41.6
37.9

43.6
38.6
39.0
38.6
43.7
41.4
43.9
44.0
43.6

56,462
949
117
832
55,513

45.1
38.7
40.0
38.6
45.2
42.1
45.5
45.6
44.6

3,120
343
2,777
2,331
446

6,092
2,075
1,087
988
4,017
1,316
2,701
1,324
1,377

50,992
44,192
6,800

42.4
24.3
18.2
28.1
43.4
37.1
44.1
44.7
40.3

150

3,675
82
3
79
3,593
358
3,235
2,881
353

13,198
2,311
1,034
1,277
10,887
1,703
9,184
7,031
2,154

41,353
674
75
599
40,679
3,564
37,115
32,453
4,662

36.5
21.8
15.7
25.2
37.3
33.8
37.7
38.2
35.0

41.7
38.5
37.2
38.6
41.8
40.5
41.9
41.9
42.0

116
1,412
283
1,130
986
144

253
1,200
1,051

8
81

4,521

Race
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

106,577
57,288
49,289

25,187

9,240
15,947

2,489
1,225
1,264

5,720
2,742
2,978

16,977
5,272
11,705

81,390
48,048
33,342

39.6
42.6
36.1

43.8
45.3
41.7

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,593
6,851
7,743

2,863
1,076
1,787

486
233
253

856
338
518

1,521
506

1,015

11,730
5,774
5,956

39.6
41.1
38.2

42.4
43.3
41.4

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

40,752
8,053
18,505

4,363
1,078
5,407

605
258
683

1,963
406
840

1,795
414
3,883

36,389
6,975
13,098

44.5
43.3
37.5

45.8
44.8
43.2

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

32,061
12,301
15,455

9,610
2,957
5,896

565
419
607

1,940
893
841

7,104
1,646
4,448

22,451
9,343
9,558

36.6
38.7
34.3

41.6
42.0
41.7

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

32

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

(Numbers in thousands)
February 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

127,046

29,316

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

39,681
19,417
20,263
38,419
4,362
15,666

6,715
2,507
4,208

5,152
5,053

1

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1

Men, 16 years and over

Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,114

6,905

19,297

97,729

39.6

43.7

1,577

514
210
304
767
37
411
319
834
73
30
731
449
551
146
128
276

2,081
972
1,110
2,106
301
618
1,187
862
34
98
730
861
994
424
255
316

4,120
1,326
2,794
7,642
528
3,539
3,575
5,156
361
178
4,616
544
1,835
343
507
985

32,966
16,910
16,055
27,904
3,496
11,097
13,310
10,814
363
2,010
8,442
12,156
13,890
6,152
4,262
3,476

42.5
44.2
40.9
37.8
39.8
38.7
36.5
34.5
30.1
43.0
33.4
42.1
40.3
41.2
43.2
36.2

45.5
46.1
44.8
42.7
42.3
45.1
40.8
42.0
42.3
45.3
41.2
43.2
43.1
42.4
45.9
41.1

67,090

10,789

1,528

3,215

6,045

56,302

42.5

45.1

20,108

2,222
952
1,270
2,528
302
1,448
111
2,122
22

866
427
439
626
131
296
200
304

1,229

240
116
124
199
22
114
63
263
7
15
242
418
408
79
111
218

61
243
749
669
212
209
248

1,116
409
707
1,702
150
1,038
515
1,555
15
103
1,437
419
1,253
163
327
763

17,886
9,673
8,213
11,318
1,808
6,471
3,039
5,097
17
1,684
3,395
11,105
10,896
4,096
3,964
2,836

45.6
46.9
44.2
41.9
41.9
43.1
39.5
37.3
32.6
44.4
34.8
42.5
41.1
42.2
44.0
36.4

47.4
48.2
46.6
45.4
43.7
47.1
42.8
43.3
48.3
46.0
41.9
43.4
43.7
43.1
46.1
41.3

59,955

18,528

1,586

3,690

13,251

41,428

36.5

41.7

19,573

4,493
1,555
2,938
7,987
563

274
94
180
569
16
297
256
571
66
15
489
30
143
67
17
59

1,215
545
670
1,479
170
323
987
559
34
37
487
112
325
212
46
67

3,004
917
2,087
5,939
378
2,50!
3,060
3,600
346
75
3,179
126
582
180
180
222

15,079
7,237
7,842
16,586
1,688
4,626
10,271
5,717
345
325
5,047
1,051
2,994
2,056
298
640

39.3
40.9
38.0
35.4
37.8
34.3
35.7
32.6
30.0
37.4
32.6
38.8
37.9
39.3
36.1
35.1

43.2
43.4
42.9
40.9
40.8
42.4
40.2
40.9
42.0
42.1
40.8
40.8
41.1
41.0
43.4
40.2

10,515
866
4,568
5,081
6,852
468
307
6,077
1,854
3,380

18,391
17,666

831
2,317
14,519
14,010

17,270
7,065

913
890

10,624
9,483
13,845

2,110
7,919
3,817
7,220
40
1,863
5,317
12,692

179
1,922
1,587
2,330
454
647

13,226
4,550
4,611
4,065

8,793
10,780
24,574
2,252
7,747
14,575

3,120
4,303

10,447
791
454
9,202

4,729
446
128
4,155

1,318
4,044

1,050

268

2,514

459
243
348

541

1
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Average hours

used in the household survey.

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates
Feb.
1999

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,634
1,242
499
1,893

3,497
1,101
557
1,838

4.9
2.8
5.6
9.1

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,827
1,037
424
1,366

2,655
911
421
1,323

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

657
147
65
445

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Unemployment
rates

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

4.7
2.5
6.1
8.6

2,929
1,004
636
1,289

2,734
942
586
1,206

4.5
2.9
4.9
7.4

4.2
2.7
4.4
7.0

4.5
2.7
5.8
8.1

4.2
2.3
5.6
7.7

2,046
794
470
782

1,923
762
402
758

3.9
2.7
4.6
6.0

3.6
2.5
3.8
5.9

685
120
118
447

8.8
4.3
5.2
15.8

8.8
3.5
9.1
14.6

724
142
142
441

693
132
171
390

8.5
5.0
6.6
12.5

7.9
4.6
7.4
11.1

2,378
1,170
480
728

2,203
1,046
530
627

3.8
2.7
5.5
6.5

3.5
2.4
5.9
5.5

1,876
885
584
407

1,712
836
531
345

3.5
2.7
4.7
4.6

3.1
2.5
4.1
4.0

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,899
973
404
522

1,694
865
401
429

3.6
2.6
5.7
5.9

3.1
2.3
5.5
4.8

1,317
686
427
204

1,202
672
360
170

3.0
2.4
4.3
3.3

2.7
2.3
3.5
2.8

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

386
140
65
181

406
116
111
179

6.1
4.2
5.3
10.6

6.3
3.4
8.8
9.9

445
131
136
178

434
115
162
156

6.3
4.8
6.5
7.9

5.9
4.1
7.1
7.0

NOTE:

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




Feb.
2000

Thousands of
persons

controls used in the household survey.

34

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

Men

Women

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

6,563

6,231

4.7

4.4

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.2

770
367
404

668
353
315

1.9
1.9
1.9

1.6
1.7
1.5

2.0
1.9
2.0

1.7
1.9
1.4

1.8
1.8
1.9

1.5
1.5
1.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,661
93
830
738

1,601
86
781
734

4.1
2.2
4.9
3.8

3.9
1.9
4.6
3.7

3.4
2.9
3.5
3.5

3.6
2.1
3.6
4.2

4.5
1.5
6.5
3.9

4.1
1.7
5.6
3.6

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,059
60
53

946

1,123
47
76
1,001

5.6
7.3
2.1
6.0

5.8
5.2
3.0
6.3

5.7
5.7
2.1
7.1

5.2
1.1
2.4
6.3

5.5
7.3
2.2
5.5

6.2
5.4
5.6
6.3

805
135
503
166

782
133
515
134

5.3
2.6
8.3
4.1

5.1
2.7
8.1
3.4

5.2
2.5
8.4
3.6

5.3
2.6
8.2
3.4

5.6
5.5
5.2
5.7

3.8
4.1
6.2
3.3

1,410
491
339
580
196
385

1,417
460
308
649
204
445

7.4
6.2
6.0
10.5

7.4
6.0
5.4
11.1
19.7

7.2
4.9
5.6
19.3
9.3

7.4
7.5
5.0
8.2
19.3
7.7

7.9
7.8
4.1

9.3

7.4
5.5
6.1
11.1
19.2
8.8

Farming, forestry, and fishing

362

279

11.0

8.4

10.9

8.4

11.4

No previous work experience

466
292
72

357
239
55

101

63

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.




Feb.
1999

19.2
8.5

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

11.4

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

10.0
29.1

9.2
8.2

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Women

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

6,563

6,231

4.7

4.4

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.2

5,131

5,021

4.8

4.7

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

Mining
Construction

52
768

27
809

9.3
10.8

5.4
10.8

8.4
11.4

5.5
11.3

16.0
5.5

4.3
6.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

824
452
48
13
20
17
56
84
61
84
60
24
18
52

738
394
48
31
38
22
21
63
63
64
41
23
12
32

4.0
3.5
6.0
2.0
3.2
2.2
4.0
3.2
3.0
3.5
4.3
2.4
2.3
7.5

3.6
3.1
6.4
4.8
5.9
2.8
1.7
2.4
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.2
1.6
4.9

3.5
3.4
5.9
2.2
3.2
2.6
4.4
3.3
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.8
1.4
7.4

3.1
2.7
7.2
4.7
7.4
3.2
1.0
2.0
2.7
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.0
4.7

5.0
3.9
6.5
1.3
3.1

3.4
7.6

4.4
4.2
3.2
5.0
1.6
1.1
3.7
3.8
4.0
7.3
8.9
4.9
2.4
5.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

372
102
39
61
20
59
36
47

345
104
26
51
18
50
57
28
11

4.7
6.2
6.5
7.6
2.7
3.3
3.0
5.2
3.1

4.2
5.8
4.9
6.1
2.6
2.7
4.3
3.4
3.3

3.6
4.1
5.8
4.7
2.3
3.9
2.0
4.1
2.7

3.8
4.8
3.4
7.0
3.1
3.0
3.8
3.3
2.2

6.4
10.2
7.6
8.9
3.8
2.6
5.0
7.2
4.4

4.7
7.6
6.8
5.7
1.3
2.3
5.1
3.6
5.4

273
194
79
1,562
182
1,380
188
1,464
497
967

282
216
1,589
177
1,411
223
1,353
468
885

3.5
4.0
2.7
5.7
3.6
6.2
2.3
4.2
2.4
7.0

3.6
4.3
2.3
5.8
3.4
6.4
2.8
3.8
2.2
6.1

3.1
3.8
1.8
5.0
3.0
5.7
2.4
4.5
2.3
6.4

3.5
4.6
1.4
5.2
3.2
5.9
2.0
3.9
1.7
5.6

4.6
4.6
4.6
6.5
4.7
6.7
2.3
4.1
2.4
7.6

3.8
3.7
3.9
6.5
3.8
6.9
3.2
3.7
2.4
6.6

309
658
466

191
662
357

15.8
2.2

9.8
2.2

17.7
2.4

10.3
2.5

10.5
2.0

8.6
1.9

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




66

Feb.
1999

Men
Feb.
2000

used in the household survey.

36

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

2.7
3.1
2.8
6.7
10.0

Feb.
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Total,
16 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

White

Black

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

6,563
3,151
1,159
1,993
1,308
685
765
2,182
466

6,231
3,029
1,134
1,895
1,281
614
777
2,067
357

3,016
1,951
796
1,155
759
396
339
669
57

2,835
1,871
747
1,124
719
404
325
592
47

2,398
1,023
304
719
495
224
318
941
116

2,245
969
317
652
492
160
355
850
71

1,150
177
59
118
53
65
108
572
292

1,151
189
71
119
70
49
96
626
239

4,873
2,434
967
1,466
958
508
614
1,515
310

4,578 1,381 1,378
2,307
616
596
952
139
148
477
448
1,355
304
305
923
172
143
432
154
127
595
524
537
1,434
85
122
242

48.0
17.7
30.4
11.6
33.2
7.1

48.6
18.2
30.4
12.5
33.2
5.7

64.7
26.4
38.3
11.2
22.2
1.9

66.0
26.3
39.6
11.5
20.9
1.7

42.7
12.7
30.0
13.2
39.2
4.9

43.2
14.1
29.1
15.8
37.8
3.2

15.4
5.1
10.3
9.4
49.7
25.4

16.5
6.1
10.3
8.4
54.4
20.8

50.0
19.9
30.1
12.6
31.1
6.4

50.4
20.8
29.6
13.0
31.3
5.3

43.1
10.7
32.4
9.2
38.8
8.8

44.7
10.1
34.6
11.2
38.0
6.2

2.3
.6
1.6
.3

2.2
.6
1.5
.3

2.8
.5
1.0
.1

2.6
.5
.8

1.7
.5
1.6
.2

1.6
.6
1.4
.1

2.3
1.4
7.3
3.7

2.4
1.2
7.9
3.0

2.1
.5
1.3
.3

2.0
.5
1.2
.2

3.7
.8
3.4
.8

3.7
.9
3.2
.5

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
February 2000
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,231
3,029
1,134
1,895
1,281
614
111
2,067
357

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.4
37.8
42.6
34.9
34.2
36.2
48.9
42.0
34.9

37.1
40.7
44.5
38.4
36.3
42.8
33.3
32.7
40.7

22.5
21.6
12.9
26.7
29.5
20.9
17.8
25.3
24.4

12.4
12.0

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,835
1,871
747
1,124
719
404
325
592
47

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

35.1
34.2
40.6
29.9
27.3
34.7
46.0
33.9

39.9
43.8
48.6
40.6
39.3
43.0
31.2
31.6

25.0
21.9
10.7
29.4
33.4
22.3
22.8
34.5

12.3
12.0

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,245
969
317
652
492
160
355
850
71

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.7
40.2
42.6
39.1
39.4
38.1
50.9
43.5

34.9
36.0
38.0
35.1
34.0
38.5
32.2
33.6

22.4
23.7
19.4
25.8
26.6
23.4
16.9
22.9

13.4
14.0
16.5
12.8
12.4
13.9
9.0
14.5

13.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

1,151
189
71
119
70
49
96
626
239

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

48.9
60.0

34.8
33.4
(1)
35.4

16.3
6.5
(1)
6.3

10.6
2.3
(1)
3.3

5.7
4.3
1
)
3.0

44.7
32.6
37.4

4.2
19.8
19.8

Reentrants
N e w entrants

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

A-33.

1

10.1
9.5
4.3
12.7
14.6
8.7
9.3
10.8
12.5

8.6
14.1
14.9
12.2
8.5
14.5
11.9

12.8
10.0
4.7
13.5
15.8
9.5
13.7
20.8

6.1
15.9
17.6
12.9
9.1
13.7

1

1

1

1

(1)
58.3

9.0

9.7
2.8
14.2
9.6
7.9
8.4

!

()
51.1
47.6
42.7

4.2
15.2
7.7

4.6
12.1

used in the household survey.

Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Percent distribution

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

6,563
2,497

6,231
2,517
2,313
1,646

100.0
38.0
36.3
25.6
10.8
25.6
13.2
12.4
5.3
7.1

100.0
40.4
37.1
26.4
10.7
22.5
12.4
10.1
4.6
5.5

5,211
1,824
1,952
1,331
621
1,436
748
688

4,891
1,765

100.0
35.0
37.5
25.5

100.0
36.1
38.7
26.6
12.1
25.3
13.3
12.0

2,386

1,679
707
1,681
864

667
1,401
772

816
350
466

629
287
342

13.8
7.4

12.5
6.6

299
388
14.6
8.2

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Thousands of persons

used in the household survey.

38

1,891
1,300
591

1,235
650
586
273
313
13.8
7.6

11.9
27.5
14.4

13.2
5.7
7.5

5.6
6.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
February 2000
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,231
1,151
1,165
1,258
1,294
807
402
154

2,517
563
560
495
456
248
122
73

2,313
400
406
494
492
338
144
41

1,401
188
199
270
346
222
136
39

772
122
130
157
192
87
77
7

629
66
69
113
155
134
60
32

12.5
9.1
9.3
11.7
15.0
16.0
16.3
19.0

6.6
4.7
4.9
6.5
7.9
8.6
10.2
4.9

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,497
661
632
721
714
448
214
106

1,301
307
273
258
225
114
74
50

1,365
234
218
322
304
198
60
28

830
121
141
141
184
135
81
28

423
75
82
69
101
56
37
3

407
46
59
72
83
80
43
24

13.4
10.1
11.1
12.2
14.7
17.1
18.8
22.1

7.1
5.1
6.2
6.8
8.1
9.5
9.4
4.9

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,734
489
533
538
580
359
188
48

1,215
256
287
236
231
133
49
23

949
166
187
172
187
139
84
13

570
67
59
130
162
86
56
12

348
47
48
88
90
32
39
4

222
20
10
41
72
55
16
8

11.3
7.8
7.2
11.1
15.4
14.8
13.6
12.1

5.9
4.3
4.2
6.0
7.6
7.5
10.9
4.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,578
2,655
1,923

1,879
1,023
856

1,762
1,071
691

937
561
376

524
293
232

413
268
144

11.8
12.6
10.7

6.2
6.5
5.7

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,378
685
693

543
225
318

448
230
218

387
230
157

195
100
95

192
130
62

14.5
16.9
12.1

7.8
9.5
6.2

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

1,101
557
1,838

382
176
744

461
218
685

258
163
409

123
76
224

135
87
185

14.8
15.7
11.9

7.6
8.3
6.3

W o m e n , 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

942
586
1,206

367
259
590

342
193
414

233
135
202

142
82
124

91
53
78

12.2
12.1
10.2

6.8
6.8
4.8

Race

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35.

Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
February 2000
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

Total

Weeks

5 to 14
weeks

15 to 26
weeks

Total

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

668
1,601
1,123
782
1,417
279

243
724
531
298
515
81

217
550
354
346
574
127

207
327
239
138
329
71

107
195
139
79
170
38

100
132
100
59
158
33

15.5
11.2
11.2
11.6
13.3
14.9

8.2
5.7
5.4
7.0
6.5
8.7

191
813
741
394
347
338
1,602
238
1,579
89

64
312
247
156
91
128
721
92
669
37

81
387
266
132
133
131
579
92
530
15

46
115
228
105
123
79
302
54
379
37

29
69
102
54
48
46
183
25
212
28

17
46
126
50
75
33
119
29
167
10

12.5
10.2
15.8
13.7
18.3
13.0
10.8
12.5
13.0
15.9

8.2
6.2
8.4
6.8
9.4
6.2
5.7
6.3
6.7
10.8

357

125

145

87

42

45

13.2

7.0

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience

1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Total

Age

Category
Feb.
1999

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous y e a r
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Feb.
2000

16 to 24
years
Feb.
1999

55 years
and over

25 to 54
years

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Men

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Women

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

68,671 68,723 12,366 12,371 18,486 18,512 37,819 37,839 25,562 25,522 43,109 43,200
63,968 64,292 10,576 10,778 16,425 16,511 36,967 37,003 23,684 23,779 40,285 40,512
836 1,878 1,743 2,825 2,688
852
1,790 1,594 2,061 2,001
4,703 4,431
644 1,087 1,011
661
1,800 1,649
851
1,189 1,164
2,888 2,660 1,038
837
732 1,024 1.038
192
791
742
191
872
753
1,815 1,771
257
342
45
199
156
31
247
497
338
259
196
536
697
577
686
592
148
625
579
160
494
547
1,279 1,273
271
1,008
141
275
112
479

262
1,011
127
286
94
505

92
402
25
222
21
134

71
476
33
246
18
179

116
509
110
44
68
287

144
435
88
38
58
251

63
97
6
9
24
58

47
100
6
18
75

170
422
15
142
39
226

159
418
5
146
46
221

100
586
126
133
73
253

103
594
122
140
48
284

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




Sex

40

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Both sexes
Characteristic

Number

Rate

1

Number

Women
Rate

1

Number

Rate1

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

8,044
272
7,772
828
6,944
6,100
844
725
119

7,735
268
7,467
712
6,755
5,835
920
762
158

6.1
4.1
6.2
6.6
6.2
6.4
5.0
5.5
3.2

5.8
4.0
5.9
5.5
5.9
6.0
5.3
5.6
4.0

4,264
113
4,151
423
3,728
3,277
451
380
71

4,037
99
3,939
348
3,591
3,106
485
388
98

6.1
3.4
6.2
6.5
6.2
6.4
4.8
5.3
3.4

5.7
2.9
5.8
5.1
5.9
6.0
5.0
5.3
4.3

3,780
159
3,621
405
3,217
2,824
393
345
48

3,698
170
3,528
364
3,164
2,730
434
374
61

6.1
4.7
6.2
6.8
6.2
6.3
5.2
5.8
3.0

5.9
5.1
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.5
6.1
3.6

6,890
917
575

6,613
858
525

6.2
6.3
4.3

5.9
5.7
3.7

3,645
504
335

3,499
410
329

6.1
7.4
4.3

5.7
5.7
4.0

3,245
413
240

3,114
448
195

6.4
5.3
4.3

6.0
5.6
3.3

4,431
1,385
2,228

4,279
1,435
2,022

5.8
6.7
6.3

5.6
6.7
5.7

2,619
498
1,146

2,555
489
994

6.1
5.9
6.1

5.9
5.7
5.1

1,812
887
1,081

1,724
946
1,028

5.5
7.3
6.7

5.1
7.4
6.4

4,396
1,763
276
1,563

4,267
1,602
290
1,547

2,551
575
174
932

2,465
470
181
909

1,845
1,187
102
631

1,802
1,131
109
638

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,782
5,692
590
1,995
3,107
2,090

7,725
5,156
395
1,666
3,095
2,569

6,474
5,046
528
1,787
2,731
1,427

6,272
4,497
364
1,459
2,675
1,776

6,193
4,810
488
1,681
2,641
1,384

6,107
4,374
345
1,431
2,598
1,733

281
237
41
106
90
44

165
122
19
27
76
43

4.3
4.7
7.7
5.9
3.3
3.1

2.6
2.7
5.1
1.9
2.9
2.4

20,788
9,304
7,090
4,394

21,933
9,481
7,634
4,818

18,884
8,624
6,440
3,820

19,912
8,754
6,947
4,211

18,253
8,322
6,233
3,698

19,286
8,465
6,762
4,059

631
302
207
123

626
290
185
152

3.3
3.5
3.2
3.2

3.1
3.3
2.7
3.6

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




42

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Service-producing

Construc- Manufaction
turing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Services
Federal

State

Local

(1)

Annual averages
994
930

2,198
2,194

15,582
14,441

26,092
26,189

4,189
4,001

2,612
2,610

6,659
6,654

1,800
1,828

5,181
5,239

1,863
1,908

(D
0)

901
929

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

0)
0)
0)
0)
(D

1948.
1949.

44,866
43,754

39,216
37,897

18,774
17,565

1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955..
1956.
1957.
1958.
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
46,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

1970.
1971 .,
1972 .
1973.
1974.
1975 .
1976.
1977.
1978.,
1979 .

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

1980.
1981 .
1982.,
1983.
1984.
1985.,
1986.,
1987..
1988..
1989 ..

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1.027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

1990..
1991 ..
1992 ..
1993..
1994 ..
1995..
1996..
1997..
1998..
1999..

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690
125,826
128,615

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,133
106,007
108,455

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,962
25,347
25,240

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
596
590
535

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,691
5,985
6,273

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,675
18,772
18,432

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,727
100,480
103,375

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,408
6,600
6,792

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,831
7,004

0)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0)

1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
21,966
22,296
22,787

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,806
6,911
7,109
7,407
7,632

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,526
39,000

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686
2,669

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,582
4,612
4,695

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12,521
12,796

1,168

1,250

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1999:
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December
2000:
JanuaryP
FebruaryP

127,730
127,813
128,134
128,162
128,443
128,816
128,945
129,048
129,332
129,589
129,898

107,676
107,726
108,035
108,085
108,338
108,663
108,735
108,830
109,095
109,320
109,583

25,329
25,285
25,288
25,199
25,180
25,247
25,148
25,186
25,198
25,257
25,283

553
550
538
531
526
528
524
527
528
527
529

6,238
6,232
6,277
6,239
6,258
6,270
6,246
6,293
6,314
6,369
6,393

18,538
18,503
18,473
18,429
18,396
18,449
18,378
18,366
18,356
18,361
18,361

102,401
102,528
102,846
102,963
103,263
103,569
103,797
103,862
104,134
104,332
104,615

6,723
6,732
6,750
6,758
6,781
6,799
6,813
6,831
6,841
6,862
6,897

6,937
6,947
6,965
6,977
6,993
7,012
7,031
7,041
7,064
7,070
7,088

22,648
22,611
22,724
22,748
22,796
22,903
22,888
22,862
22,891
22,902
22,973

7,581
7,595
7,611
7,621
7,636
7,647
7,650
7,653
7,668
7,675
7,685

38,458
38,556
38,697
38,782
38,952
39,055
39,205
39,257
39,433
39,554
39,657

2,713
2,710
2,688
2,666
2,664
2,656
2,651
2,654
2,643
2,648
2,645

4,670
4,680
4,688
4,677
4,675
4,682
4,706
4,717
4,722
4,729
4,730

12,671
12,697
12,723
12,734
12,766
12,815
12,853
12,847
12,872
12,892
12,940

130,282
130,325

109,914
109,944

25,419
25,400

528
530

6,509
6,483

18,382
18,387

104,863
104,925

6,902
6,894

7,107
7,115

23,008
23,041

7,679
7,689

39,799
39,805

2,666
2,686

4,727
4,730

12,975
12,965

1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are
subject to revision.

2




43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Construction

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.78
13.24

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
442.19
456.78

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.8

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.15
16.90
17.04

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
733.21
741.91
746.35

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.04
16.59
17.13

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
625.56
643.69
668.07

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
JanuaryP ..
FebruaryP

34.3
34.2
34.3
34.6
34.6
34.7
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.5
34.6

$13.10
13.12
13.16
13.19
13.14
13.15
13.20
13.38
13.41
13.43
13.47

$449.33
448.70
451.39
456.37
454.64
456.31
463.32
458.93
463.99
463.34
466.06

42.7
42.2
43.3
44.2
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.4
44.6
44.7
44.4

$17.08
17.01
16.93
17.00
16.93
17.12
17.01
17.10
17.00
16.95
17.13

$729.32
717.82
733.07
751.40
748.31
765.26
756.95
759.24
758.20
757.67
760.57

38.0
37.7
38.6
39.3
39.8
39.9
40.0
38.6
40.0
39.5
38.7

$16.66
16.79
16.85
17.02
17.08
17.22
17.26
17.41
17.49
17.37
17.42

$633.08
632.98
650.41
668.89
679.78
687.08
690.40
672.03
699.60
686.12
674.15

34.4
34.2

13.58
13.56

467.15
463.75

44.4
44.3

17.25
17.18

765.90
761.07

38.3
38.6

17.33
17.37

663.74
670.48

See footnotes at end of table.




44

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.7

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49
13.91

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79
13.18

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53
580.05

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.92
15.31
15.67

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.32
604.75
606.43

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.4
33.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.45
14.06
14.59

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.48
539.90
560.26

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
February ..
March .......
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2000:
JanuaryP ..
FebruaryP

41.3
41.4
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.8
41.7
42.0
42.2
42.5

$13.66
13.73
13.80
13.85
13.91
13.92
13.95
14.11
14.04
14.08
14.21

$13.00
13.04
13.10
13.14
13.17
13.20
13.20
13.33
13.27
13.31
13.41

$564.16
568.42
574.08
577.55
581.44
573.50
583.11
588.39
589.68
594.18
603.93

39.0
38.8
38.6
38.8
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4

$15.56
15.51
15.57
15.55
15.56
15.66
15.67
15.78
15.76
15.87
15.94

$606.84
601.79
601.00
603.34
606.84
609.17
617.40
607.53
605.18
607.82
612.10

38.3
38.2
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.5

$14.38
14.34
14.48
14.53
14.44
14.55
14.65
14.73
14.78
14.82
14.91

$550.75
547.79
554.58
560.86
554.50
558.72
566.96
564.16
570.51
569.09
574.04

41.6
41.6

14.19
14.18

13.47
13.46

590.30
589.89

38.3
38.1

15.94
15.99

610.50
609.22

38.5
38.1

15.05
14.93

579.43
568.83

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.33
8.73
9.08

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
240.74
253.17
263.32

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.34
14.06
14.61

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.57
511.78
528.88

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.85
13.38

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
418.91
436.19

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1999:
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2000:
JanuaryP
FebruaryP

28.6
28 6
28.7
29.1
29.4
29.8
29.9
28.8
28.8
28.7
29.3

$8.98
9.00
9.03
9.03
9.02
9.02
9.04
9.18
9.20
9.21
9.25

$256.83
257.40
259.16
262.77
265.19
268.80
270.30
264.38
264.96
264.33
271.03

36.3
36.0
35.9
36.4
35.9
36.2
36.9
36.0
36.1
36.0
36.2

$14.55
14.53
14.61
14.72
14.50
14.53
14.61
14.63
14.68
14.73
14.75

$528.17
523.08
524.50
535.81
520.55
525.99
539.11
526.68
529.95
530.28
533.95

32.5
32.4
32.4
32.7
32.6
32.8
33.2
32.3
32.7
32.7
32.6

$13.32
13.33
13.32
13.34
13.23
13.20
13.25
13.48
13.54
13.60
13.69

$432.90
431.89
431.57
436.22
431.30
432.96
439.90
435.40
442.76
444.72
446.29

28.5
28.6

9.31
9.32

265.34
266.55

36.8
36.1

14.98
14.92

551.26
538.61

32.8
32.5

13.81
13.79

452.97
448.18

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are
subject to revision.

46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
Feb.
Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.P

127,730 127,813 128,134 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,945 129,048 129,332 129,589 129,898 130,282 130,325
107,676 107,726 108,035 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,735 108,830 109,095 109,320 109,583 109,914 109,944
25,329

25,285

25,288

25,199

25,180

25,247

25,148

25,186

25,198

25,257

25,283

25,419

25,400

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...

553
50
88
306
109

550
50
87
305
108

538
49
86
294
109

531
49
86
287
109

526
48
84
285
109

528
48
85
285
110

524
47
83
285
109

527
48
83
287
109

528
48
82
289
109

527
49
82
288
108

529
48
82
291
108

528
48
80
292
108

530
48
79
294
109

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

6,238
1,426
869
3,943

6,232
1,429
864
3,939

6,277
1,428
874
3,975

6,239
1,427
854
3,958

6,258
1,430
857
3,971

6,270
1,432
857
3,981

6,246
1,426
852
3,968

6,293
1,440
857
3,996

6,314
1,445
861
4,008

6,369
1,450
870
4,049

6,393
1,454
878
4,061

6,509
1,475
902
4,132

6,483
1,475
884
4,124

18,538

18,503

18,473

18,429

18,396

18,449

18,378

18,366

18,356

18,361

18,361

18,382

18,387

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
,
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,027
827
535
571
695
1,491
2,146
362

11,014
827
535
569
693
1,490
2,139
360

10,993
824
536
570
691
1,489
2,132
361

10,971
824
537
569
689
1,487
2,129
362

10,960
824
538
568
687
1,485
2,128
364

11,015
826
546
571
692
1,493
2,131
360

10,975
826
543
568
688
1,484
2,122
359

10,959
827
544
569
685
1,486
2,117
358

10,952
829
546
568
685
1,487
2,116
358

10,954
829
544
571
686
1,489
2,118
358

10,960
828
543
574
687
1,489
2,120
359

10,974
829
543
575
686
1,490
2,116
357

10,994
831
544
572
689
1,492
2,122
357

1,659

1,659

1,658

1,658

1,657

1,667

1,662

1,662

1,665

1,661

1,664

1,670

1,678

636
1,871
989
510
847
385

636
1,873
992
511
844
385

635
1,864
996
503
842
387

635
1,853
996
498
839
386

637
1,849
998
491
837
387

639
1,863
1,014
488
840
386

641
1,859
1,012
483
836
387

640
1,848
1,006
476
833
388

643
1,838
1,001
471
830
388

643
1,834
1,000
467
833
389

645
1,831
1,001
464
833
391

646
1,841
1,010
463
832
392

651
1,843
1,016
462
832
391

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

7,511
1,695
40
575
707
664
1,559
1,041
139
1,015
76

7,489
1,693
39
571
702
662
1,557
1,037
139
1,014
75

7,480
1,689
38
567
698
662
1,555
1,038
139
1,019
75

7,458
1,688
38
563
691
661
1,551
1,036
138
1,018
74

7,436
1,680
39
560
686
659
1,552
1,033
137
1,016
74

7,434
1,681
39
559
679
659
1,554
1,032
138
1,021
72

7,403
1,666
36
557
672
658
1,553
1,030
136
1,022
73

7,407
1,679
38
553
669
657
1,552
1,033
137
1,017
72

7,404
1,680
38
551
666
655
1,552
1,033
136
1,021
72

7,407
1,686
39
553
663
655
1,549
1,033
136
1,022
71

7,401
1,686
38
551
662
655
1,547
1,030
135
1,026
71

7,408
1,692
42
549
658
654
1,549
1,032
136
1,025
71

7,393
1,682
42
549
658
653
1,548
1,032
135
1,024
70

Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ...
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities ..

Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

102,401 102,528 102,846 102,963 103,263 103,569 103,797 103,862 104,134 104,332 104,615 104,863 104,925
6,723
4,367
233

6,732
4,378
235

6,750
4,397
234

6,758
4,402
233

6,781
4,423
233

6,799
4,438
230

6,813
4,445
226

6,831
4,455
227

6,841
4,458
227

6,862
4,474
226

6,897
4,501
227

6,902
4,504
230

6,894
4,497
230

475
1,789
181
1,213
14
462
2,356
1,507
849

476
1,796
177
1,218
14
462
2,354
1,506
848

483
1,800
180
1,220
14
466
2,353
1,508
845

480
1,802
180
1,226
13
468
2,356
1,513
843

483
1,810
181
1,234
13
469
2,358
1,513
845

483
1,817
182
1,240
13
473
2,361
1,519
842

488
1,817
182
1,246
13
473
2,368
1,525
843

486
1,825
182
1,250
13
472
2,376
1,533
843

486
1,828
182
1,251
13
471
2,383
1,541
842

487
1,839
180
1,257
13
472
2,388
1,546
842

487
1,845
182
1,273
13
474
2,396
1,553
843

490
1,849
180
1,272
13
470
2,398
1,556
842

489
1,845
181
1,268
13
471
2,397
1,559
838

6,937
4,100
2,837

6,947
4,103
2,844

6,965
4,113
2,852

6,977
4,124
2,853

6,993
4,139
2,854

7,012
4,154
2,858

7,031
4,169
2,862

7,041
4,172
2,869

7,064
4,188
2,876

7,070
4,194
2,876

7,088
4,204
2,884

7,107
4,213
2,894

7,115
4,217
2,898

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.P

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,648
979

22,724
982
2,799
2,499
3,492

22,748
979
2,784
2,486

22,796
982
2,782

22,903
986

22,888

3,487

3,479

2,778
2,476
3,478

22,862
992
2,762
2,460

3,492

22,611
982
2,794
2,489
3,490

3,478

22,891
1,001
2,756
2,455
3,481

22,902
1,004
2,753
2,450
3,480

22,973
1,007
2,793
2,479
3,482

23,008
1,011
2,798
2,476
3,485

23,041
1,015
2,822
2,517
3,484

2,390
1,065
1,167
1,064
7,855
2,920

2,392
1,069
1,167
1,070
7,785
2,931

2,399
1,074
1,163
1,081
7,863
2,945

2,400
1,077
1,172
1,084
7,880
2,962

2,403
1,080
1,178
1,091
7,911
2,970

2,407
1,085
1,192
1,090
7,989
2,983

2,409
1,089
1,191
1,094
7,960
2,988

2,415
1,091
1,189
1,097
7,932
2,997

2,420
1,092
1,200
1,099
7,925
3,009

2,424
1,096
1,198
1,095
7,943
3,005

2,432
1,097
1,177
1,102
7,986
2,994

2,444
1,100
1,179
1,102
7,982
3,007

2,446
1,104
1,181
1,112
7,969
3,012

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,581
3,681
2,051
1,470
258

7,595
3,690
2,051

7,611

7,621
3,706
2,047
1,465

7,636
3,709
2,045
1,463
256
721
372
676
267
2,402

7,647
3,715
2,044

7,653
3,715
2,047

7,668

7,675
3,723
2,044
1,460
254

7,685
3,727
2,040
1,458
252

7,679
3,723

7,689
3,726
2,037

711
357

268
2,404

7,650
3,716
2,046
1,464
255
719
366
685
266
2,407

1,638

1,635

Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services

Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

2,781
2,475

1,469
258
712

3,697
2,050
1,467
257

2,482

661
261
2,386
1,628

368
664
263
2,392
1,632

2,395
1,631

256
720
374
672
267
2,399
1,635

758
1,514

760
1,513

764
1,519

764
1,516

764
1,525

38,458
751
1,786
1,201

38,556
747

38,697
755
1,791

38,782
751

38,952
757
1,797
1,200
9,088
984

708
365

8,922
971
3,331

2,954

1,789
1,200
8,963
973
3,343
2,967

716
370
668
263

1,204

9,010
978
3,350
2,975

1,786
1,189
9,047
979
3,366
2,986

2,468
3,484

1,464
254
711
358

2,039
1,457
250
707
353
704
273
2,404

2,408

1,630

1,632

1,455

249
705
353
711
273

1,636

361
686
269
2,410
1,637

691
270
2,414
1,641

271
2,411
1,636

769
1,528

771
1,527

773
1,528

773
1,535

775
1,541

111
1,542

774
1,552

776
1,555

39,055
760

39,205
757

1,807

1,813

1,207

1,207
9,186
998

39,257
763
1,811
1,210
9,204
1,000
3,440
3,032

39,433
766
1,806
1,210
9,303
1,003
3,490
3,099

39,554
774
1,812
1,214
9,336
1,003
3,501
3,097

39,657
765
1,807
1,225
9,392
1,000
3,513
3,108

39,799
786
1,795
1,229
9,422
1,000
3,513
3,110

39,805
779
1,797
1,224
9,421
1,006
3,524
3,127

1,823
1,196
400
612
1,730
10,009

1,829
1,197
400
613
1,734

1,842
1,198
405
609

1,852

1,855
1,205

9,148

3,387
3,000
1,781

1,794
1,185

3,418
3,024

395
609
1,694
9,975

9,993

1,814
1,190
398
608
1,713
9,999

1,868
1,754

1,874
1,755

1,876
1,756

1,880
1,756

3,968
655
1,000

3,973

3,977
657
1,007
2,289

3,978
658
1,009

1,724
1,175
392
582
1,656
9,919

1,734
1,176

1,749
1,178

1,765
1,182

393
580
1,660
9,932

396
587

398
604

1,668

1,675

1,844

1,850

1,755
3,959
992
2,237
2,734
625
768

1,754
3,963
653
995
2,243
2,744
627
769

9,951
1,856
1,753
3,966
656
998
2,254
2,755
628
772

9,954
1,860
1,755
3,966
653
999
2,265
2,760
629
775

1,184
395
611
1,695
9,964
1,864
1,755
3,969
653
1,002
2,272
2,778
633
777

94
2,389
3,335
930

95
2,392
3,354
933

94
2,392
3,370
939

93
2,394
3,391
940

94
2,409
3,411
942

94
2,403
3,441
948

95
2,409

1,111

1,123

1,133

1,143

1,153

20,054
2,713
1,834
4,670
1,941
2,729
12,671
7,181
5,490

20,087
2,710
1,831
4,680
1,948
2,732
12,697
7,200
5,497

20,099
2,688
1,809
4,688
1,955
2,733
12,723
7,206
5,517

20,077
2,666
1,788
4,677
1,941
2,736
12,734
7,225
5,509

20,105
2,664
1,789
4,675
1,934
2,741
12,766
7,239
5,527

651

1,466
255
713

3,719
2,047

713
357
702
272
2,416
1,639

992
3,422
3,025

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998




1,462
256
721
369
682

988
2,774

1,806
1,185
396
608
1,712

697

10,026
1,885

1,725
10,038

1,886
1,759
3,985

1,203
404

615
1,757
10,058
1,894

1,761
3,992
657

406
609

1,750
10,064
1,897

792

1,756
3,978
658
1,012
2,298
2,840
646
796

95
2,409

96
2,411

3,458

94
2,408
3,464

3,487

948

948

954

3,496
959

95
2,418
3,515
964

1,165

1,178

1,180

1,193

1,196

1,213

1,222

1,218

20,153
2,656
1,779
4,682
1,947
2,735
12,815
7,268
5,547

20,210
2,651
1,779
4,706
1,965
2,741
12,853
7,308
5,545

20,218
2,654
1,785
4,717
1,965
2,752
12,847
7,295
5,552

20,237
2,643
1,780
4,722
1,960
2,762
12,872
7,305
5,567

20,269
2,648
1,780
4,729
1,967
2,762
12,892
7,318
5,574

20,315
2,645
1,780
4,730
1,969
2,761
12,940
7,351
5,589

20,368
2,666
1,800
4,727
1,967
2,760
12,975
7,368
5,607

20,381
2,686
1,819
4,730
1,962
2,768

2,278
2,763
632

781

658

1,004
2,288
2,799
631
785

2,803
631
788

2,288
2,817
634

659
1,015
2,304
2,850
650
801

1,763

2,297

3,990
657
1,017
2,296

2,870
656
803

2,873
655
805

96
2,420
3,532
972

96
2,423
3,547
975

1,018

12,965
7,353
5,612

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1998

1999

Industry
Dec.
Total
Total private

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

61,464 61,599 61,767 61,852 62,008 62,035 62,227 62,409 62,466 62,552 62,645 62,738 62,842
50,275 50,394 50,524 50,591 50,734 50,771 50,916 51,075 51,094 51,154 51,245 51,322 51,388
6,675

6,674

6,658

6,647

6,643

6,630

6,632

6,640

6,617

6,612

6,610

6,608

6,618

82

82

82

82

79

78

78

78

76

76

75

74

74

679

682

687

689

695

695

700

701

704

705

708

710

715

5,914

5,910

5,889

5,876

5,869

5,857

5,854

5,861

5,837

5,831

5,827

5,824

5,829

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,939
147
169
104
103
337
472
682
405
(1)
169

2,936
147
169
104
103
338
467
679
408
(1)
169

2,930
148
170
104
102
338
466
677
405
(1)
168

2,924
149
169
104
102
336
464
675
407
(1)
168

2,926
148
170
103
101
339
464
676
405
(1)
169

2,922
149
171
102
101
339
464
675
404
(1)
168

2,927
149
171
103
101
339
466
675
404

2,928
150
174
102
100
338
465
676
406
(1)
169

2,924
150
173
102
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,925
151
175
101
100
338
465
676
403

169

2,944
150
175
104
100
342
466
680
408
(1)
170

170

2,924
151
174
102
101
339
467
675
398
(1)
170

2,930
151
175
103
101
339
469
675
400
(1)
171

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,975
558

2,974
560
13
269
521
161
702
335
24
348
41

2,959
557
13
267
513
161
701
335
25
346
41

2,952
557
12
266
508
161
701
336
25
346
40

2,943
554
12
263
503
161
700
336
25
349
40

2,935
556
12
261
498
160
698
337
25
349
39

2,927
555
12
259
494
160
699
336
24
348
40

2,917
552
13
259
488
160
700
334
24
349
38

2,909
550
11
258
481
160
700
335
24
351
39

2,907
551
12
256
479
161
700
337
24
349
38

2,902
553
12
254
475
160
699
337
24
350
38

2,900
555
12
255
473
160
697
337
23
350
38

2,899
558
12
255
471
161
696
335
23
351
37

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

13
270
525
161
702
335
24
345
42

0)

0)

54,789 54,925 55,109 55,205 55,365 55,405 55,595 55,769 55,849 55,940 56,035 56,130 56,224

Transportation and public utilities

2,025

2,032

2,048

2,049

2,054

2,059

2,073

2,072

2,087

2,094

2,099

2,111

2,115

Wholesale trade

2,118

2,121

2,127

2,132

2,140

2,140

2,148

2,153

2,159

2,164

2,170

2,175

2,186

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,842 11,874 11,923 11,937 11,974 11,998 12,008 12,070 12,031 12,014 11,999 12,002 12,003
4,726

4,743

4,751

4,753

4,752

4,753

4,769

4,775

4,786

4,790

4,796

4,792

4,791

Services

22,889 22,950 23,017 23,073 23,171 23,191 23,286 23,365 23,414 23,480 23,571 23,634 23,675

Government

11,189 11,205 11,243 11,261 11,274 11,264 11,311 11,334 11,372 11,398 11,400 11,416 11,454
1,141
1,141
1,148 1,149 1,133 1,124 1,126 1,125 1,124 1,129 1,125 1,133 1,125
2,394 2,390 2,403 2,407 2,414 2,413 2,415 2,411 2,420 2,431 2,434 2,445 2,443
7,654 7,674 7,692 7,705 7,727 7,727 7,770 7,798 7,828 7,838 7,841 7,838 7,886

Federal
State

Local

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.P

Feb.P

Total private

88,077 88,170 88,358 88,428 88,613 88,882 88,908 89,044 89,262 89,435 89,607 89,928 89,878

Goods-producing

17,976 17,963 17,926 17,872 17,849 17,920 17,826 17,871 17,888 17,941 17,955 18,110 18,025

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

416

413

403

398

396

396

395

398

402

400

403

401

399

4,830

4,836

4,827

4,812

4,830

4,833

4,809

4,856

4,878

4,928

4,939

5,076

4,989

12,730 12,714 12,696 12,662 12,623 12,691 12,622 12,617 12,608 12,613 12,613 12,633 12,637

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,529
679
426
446
542
1,121
1,355
1,031
1,236
749
(2)
267

7,527
679
427
445
541
1,119
1,351
1,035
1,239
754
(2)
267

7,519
677
427
446
539
1,119
1,347
1,037
1,232
757
(2)
269

7,504
676
428
446
538
1,118
1,346
1,033
1,226
758
(2)
268

7,487
676
429
445
535
1,115
1,343
1,030
1,222
757
(2)
268

7,549
678
435
448
540
1,125
1,347
1,045
1,237
775
(2)
268

7,513
676
434
443
537
1,115
1,335
1,038
1,243
779
(2)
268

7,496
677
433
444
536
1,116
1,333
1,035
1,231
770
(2)
269

7,489
679
435
443
535
1,117
1,331
1,035
1,222
765
(2)
269

7,487
679
434
445
536
1,118
1,333
1,031
1,219
765
(2)
269

7,485
678
432
447
537
1,119
1,334
1,029
1,219
766
(2)
271

7,506
680
432
450
536
1,121
1,336
1,032
1,229
778
(2)
272

7,522
681
433
446
538
1,124
1,346
1,038
1,228
778
(2)
270

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,201
1,264
30
486
564
503
835
583
93
786
57

5,187
1,264
29
483
560
502
833
582
92
786
56

5,177
1,259
29
479
558
502
829
583
92
790
56

5,158
1,258
28
476
553
501
827
582
90
788
55

5,136
1,252
29
473
546
500
827
580
89
785
55

5,142
1,258
29
474
539
500
826
580
91
792
53

5,109
1,240
25
471
535
497
826
578
90
793
54

5,121
1,253
27
469
532
498
826
582
90
790
54

5,119
1,254
27
466
528
496
827
584
90
794
53

5,126
1,260
27
468
527
497
825
586
89
795
52

5,128
1,262
27
466
526
499
823
587
87
799
52

5,127
1,263
29
463
525
498
824
589
85
799
52

5,115
1,252
29
463
523
498
826
590
83
800
51

Service-producing

70,101 70,207 70,432 70,556 70,764 70,962 71,082 71,173 71,374 71,494 71,652 71,818 71,853

Transportation and public utilities

5,592

5,595

5,600

5,602

5,620

5,624

5,634

5,655

5,661

5,678

5,688

5,717

5,702

Wholesale trade

5,565

5,579

5,592

5,600

5,610

5,620

5,631

5,639

5,654

5,661

5,678

5,688

5,691

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

19,888 19,888 19,976 20,009 20,055 20,164 20,145 20,120 20,122 20,146 20,202 20,239 20,253
5,569

5,571

5,580

5,583

5,600

5,596

5,594

5,603

5,605

5,607

5,605

5,607

33,487 33,574 33,684 33,762 33,888 33,954 34,076 34,165 34,334 34,404 34,477 34,569 34,600

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,591

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Over 1-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

49.6
56.2
63.8
54.4
P57.9

64.9
61.0
57.9
58.3
P52.8

59.4
61.9
58.8
52.1

55.1
62.8
60.5
58.8

61.9
58.8
55.9
51.5

60.8
56.3
57.9
57.0

57.0
60.7
58.0
57.6

62.5
61.0
55.8
50.0

57.3
59.4
54.6
55.1

63.5
65.4
52.9
57.2

59.7
63.6
59.1
57.9

61.2
62.1
58.6
57.7

62.6
63.8
66.7
60.7
P60.8

62.5
63.6
66.2
55.9

63.3
67.7
64.5
59.6

63.1
67.3
63.9
54.6

63.1
62.6
61.4
56.3

64.3
61.7
58.7
56.2

64.3
61.4
60.0
56.2

62.2
66.2
58.4
59.0

64.6
67.3
57.6
57.4

64.2
69.9
57.6
59.6

66.2
70.8
59.0
60.8

63.2
71.2
60.4
P61.0

62.6
67.4
70.6
61.1

65.2
68.3
66.9
58.8

64.5
65.6
65.9
57.3

65.2
67.0
62.4
59.0

64.7
65.6
62.6
55.2

64.6
64.9
61.1
57.4

67.0
66.3
58.0
56.9

65.4
68.4
59.8
61.5

65.9
69.7
60.0
61.0

66.7
71.3
60.8
P59.0

66.9
71.3
60.8
P61.1

66.7
71.9
58.0

64.5
69.0
70.4
60.1

66.7
67.3
68.3
57.3

64.5
68.3
67.1
57.0

65.6
69.7
64.0
57.6

68.5
69.5
62.1
58.7

67.3
70.1
61.7
59.0

67.7
70.1
61.8
p
59.4

66.4
70.4
63.8
P58.3

68.0
70.5
59.8

69.9
69.7
59.0

68.7
69.8
59.3

66.9
71.3
58.6

Over 3-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Over 6-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Over 12-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

42.4
50.0
58.6
40.3
P52.2

55.4
52.9
51.8
42.4
P50.4

46.8
53.6
50.4
39.6

41.0
56.1
50.4
44.6

55.8
52.2
40.6
36.3

51.4
53.2
46.8
45.3

47.1
51.1
40.3
57.2

56.5
55.4
45.3
38.5

48.9
53.6
42.1
42.8

55.0
62.2
36.3
48.9

50.7
61.2
39.9
50.7

54.0
55.4
45.0
49.3

46.8
51.8
59.4
37.4
P50.4

46.0
51.4
57.9
31.7

43.5
57.6
51.8
37.1

46.0
56.8
44.2
30.2

48.2
54.3
41.7
33.8

51.1
51.8
34.9
43.9

51.8
53.6
37.4
43.2

49.6
55.4
37.1
44.6

53.2
59.7
38.1
38.5

52.5
68.3
34.2
46.4

55.0
65.8
35.6
50.0

50.7
64.4
35.3
P50.7

41.4
54.7
59.7
33.1

46.0
54.0
49.3
29.1

45.7
51.4
48.2
28.1

47.1
54.3
36.7
36.0

46.0
52.5
36.7
30.9

48.6
52.2
36.7
34.5

52.9
55.4
28.4
36.3

50.4
61.2
31.3
44.6

51.8
61.5
33.5
45.7

51.4
64.7
35.3
P40.6

52.5
66.2
32.7
P47.1

51.8
65.1
28.1

43.5
54.7
54.0
32.7

47.5
52.5
49.3
25.9

45.3
54.0
46.0
28.4

45.3
54.0
40.6
29.5

50.4
55.4
35.6
29.9

49.6
56.8
33.8
31.7

50.4
57.2
30.9
P35.3

48.6
57.9
32.0
P34.2

51.1
58.3
26.6

55.0
56.5
26.6

54.3
55.4
25.5

50.7
57.2
26.3

Over 3-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Over 6-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Over 12-month span:
1996
1997

1998
1999
2000

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P a preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1995) are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

1930.5
278.1

1937.1
278.9

1935.7
278.7

1937.3
277.3

1940.5
280.3

1941.9
280.0

Total1

1916.0
276.0

1927.8

1907.8
276.4
2,119.8
1,133.9
13,785.6

1912.4
275.5
2,125.0
1,135.5
13,827.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

2,098.4
1,660.9
406.4
615.1
6,745.4

2,107.1

2,106.9

2,119.4

1,662.5
408.0
614.9
6,779.4

1,665.1
410.1
614.9

1,669.1
410.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,812.3
527.7
529.4

3,827.4
528.8
531.3

5,916.7
2,932.4

5,937.3
2,945.2

3,858.3 3,870.2 3,879.6 3,899.8 3,916.1 3,931.7 3,932.8 3,939.1 3,948.1 3,973.3
530.6
535.6
536.8
537.1
541.2
538.8
533.8
531.6
537.3
534.9
546.7
547.9
533.6
548.9
542.2
542.6
540.2
538.4
535.8
532.9
547.9
5,943.4 5,953.4 5,953.7 5,966.6 5,972.5 5,968.1 5,970.3 5,972.9 5,979.3 5,983.6 5,947.7
2,951.8 2,959.9 2,968.0 2,968.2 2,980.7 2,980.6 2,980.2 2,982.1 2,984.8 2,986.8 2,980.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,456.7
1,323.2
1,772.4
1,898.6
578.9

1,462.7
1,323.8
1,781.0
1,899.9
581.0

1,464.4
1,324.7
1,781.4
1,896.0
582.7

1,467.8
1,322.5
1,791.0
1,891.4
583.2

1,467.5
1,320.8
1,791.9
1,888.7
582.7

1,469.2
1,324.4
1,795.8
1,889.9
584.9

1,467.3
1,326.5
1,793.2
1,896.0
586.1

1,465.3
1,325.3
1,799.3
1,898.1
586.2

1,466.8
1,323.7
1,801.0
1,900.9
588.8

1,466.9
1,333.2
1,804.2
1,904.8
590.2

1,469.4
1,337.2
1,809.6
1,907.8
591.8

1,473.4
1,339.9
1,813.9
1,907.4
593.1

1,475.5
1,339.4
1,823.1
1,902.8
592.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,358.7
3,199.4
4,497.2
2,582.1
1,143.6

2,366.5
3,208.0
4,509.3
2,586.7
1,145.1

2,367.5
3,214.2
4,515.5
2,592.1
1,148.9

2,375.9
3,225.6
4,525.1
2,601.5
1,152.7

2,378.5
3,223.8
4,526.6
2,600.2

2,380.3
3,231.3
4,531.5
2,604.4
1,156.7

2,368.4
3,243.3
4,541.6
2,614.4
1,161.2

2,372.6
3,247.8
4,542.6
2,617.0
1,161.5

2,396.3
3,253.4
4,543.7
2,619.6
1,162.0

2,401.2
3,255.6
4,538.5
2,623.9
1,160.3

2,406.3
3,255.5
4,544.7
2,627.0
1,158.4

2,409.8
3,264.3
4,549.5
2,632.7
1,156.9

2,426.1
3,267.9
4,547.5
2,635.1
1,159.6

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,702.3
377.8
884.6
958.6
598.1

2,709.9
378.1
886.7
963.3
600.1

2,711.5 2,715.7 2,716.5 2,722.5 2,727.8 2,725.8 2,740.4
383.4
382.9
379.9
379.6
383.2
380.5
379.9

2,738.3
384.1
894.1

1,001.4
606.6

2,739.7
385.4
893.8
1,004.2
609.2

2,740.1
386.8
894.9
1,007.0
610.7

2,750.7
385.6
894.3
1,010.5
614.3

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,836.2
724.6
8,374.3
3,834.3

3,846.4
726.2

8,399.6

321.3

3,841.8
724.6
8,394.4
3,850.7
321.6

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,500.8
1,452.5
1,562.0
5,541.9
458.9

South Carolina
South Dakota

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

1913.3

276.2

1914.2
276.3

1917.7
276.8

2,141.6
1,137.5

2,132.0 2,146.7 2,148.0 2,152.2 2,156.4 2,161.8 2,166.5 2,180.0
1,670.7 1,675.2 1,676.2 1,674.3 1,674.7 1,678.2 1,680.7 1,685.1
417.4
413.4
415.7
415.3
413.7
409.5
410.6
416.0
617.0
613.6
612.6
621.0
620.8
618.1
617.1
615.3
614.3
619.2
6,795.9 6,806.3 6,832.5 6,856.1 6,885.3 6,909.7 6,934.1 6,965.4 6,990.2 7,016.6 7,033.1
2,123.8
1,668.8
410.1

3,838.3
529.5

1,153.1

897.8
988.8
606.8

894.9
994.4
608.3

894.8
996.0
607.8

3.869.8
730.6
8,464.1
3,885.5
323.6

3,870.9
733.0

8,469.9
3,906.2
323.1

3,877.6
734.0
8,475.0
3,881.0
325.1

3,884.6
733.1
8,496.0
3,879.2
325.5

3,889.8
734.5
8,514.9
3,885.7
326.5

3,896.5 3,901.9
735.5
731.9

322.9

3,864.2
729.8
8,438.0
3,839.4
323.6

8,530.7
3,886.4
326.1

8,556.7
3,901.6
325.6

5,541.0
1,455.1
1,566.8
5,573.0
463.8

5,536.2
1,456.4
1,565.9
5,571.7
463.2

5,543.0
1,462.3
1,567.2
5,588.6
463.2

5,558.4
1,460.5
1,580.1
5,584.5
465.6

5,561.5
1,463.6
1,579.8
5,587.1
466.8

5,560.4
1,464.7
1,576.0
5,581.2
466.8

5,566.6
1,470.1
1,583.0
5,583.0
467.7

5,571.6
1,472.3
1,586.3
5,583.8
467.7

5,580.3
1,475.5
1,588.9
5,580.6
467.6

5,586.7
1,471.3
1,587.0
5,630.9
466.1

1,819.4
369.7
2,666.0
9,125.9
1,041.1

1,824.5
371.5
2,664.2
9,107.5
1,045.1

1,827.5
372.2
2,666.2
9,119.8
1,046.0

1,831.0
372.1
2,670.6
9,139.5
1,048.9

1,835.1
372.2
2,679.2
9,137.0
1,051.8

1,837.7
372.7
2,687.5
9,162.9
1,053.0

1,840.5
373.3
2,682.6
9,191.4
1,057.9

1,843.9
376.3
2,684.4
9,212.6
1,059.4

1,850.0
377.9
2,688.7
9,239.8
1,060.3

1,855.8
378.5
2,691.8
9,264.9
1,061.9

1,854.2
378.5
2,695.2
9,271.6
1,059.9

289.4
3,390.1
2,635.3
724.7
2,766.1
232.2

291.4
292.2
293.9
290.9
290.4
290.0
291.0
289.8
290.6
290.5
3,392.9 3,396.1 3,404.0 3,406.4 3,415.2 3,417.8 3,432.4 3,435.9 3,440.9 3,452.0
2,632.8 2,633.1 2,637.2 2,645.9 2,649.8 2,647.1 2,653.7 2,660.1 2,665.6 2,667.6
728.3
727.7
723.5
726.2
727.3
726.2
722.6
724.7
725.4
725.8
2,772.2 2,773.9 2,779.7 2,782.9 2,782.7 2,779.6 2,787.7 2,789.3 2,794.5 2,800.7
236.7
231.4
235.1
234.6
233.3
231.2
232.4
231.2
233.8
231.5

887.9
975.3
603.9

888.3
979.0
603.6

891.7
980.1
605.5

3,853.4

3,854.5
727.6
8,428.0
3,851.9

3,860.0
728.3
8,427.7
3,852.1

321.2

323.9

5,526.3
1,456.1
1,562.6
5,558.7
461.0

5,529.6
1,456.0
1.566.4
5,566.4
461.8

Texas
Utah

1,810.5
368.9
2,657.5
9,077.7
1,035.6

1,818.7
369.2
2,663.2
9,098.2
1,038.5

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

288.1
3,368.8
2,629.2
721.7
2,753.1
230.4

288.8
3,383.8
2,630.2

Tennessee

724.0
2,759.0
231.0

970.6
601.4

See footnotes at end of table.




278.0

2,148.2 2,156.7 2,170.3 2,172.8 2,179.0 2,188.0 2,190.5 2,203.0 2,211.9
1,137.0 1,137.7 1,140.4 1,141.3 1,142.4 1,149.1 1,151.5 1,153.8 1,156.7
13,855.5 13,900.0 13,924.8 13,948.3 14,001.8 14,033.4 14,063.8 14,083.9 14,120.9 14,171.3 14,213.6
2,128.5
1,136.6

52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

150.3
50.2
660.3

103.7
13.8
151.5
50.4
660.8

103.5
13.9
151.9
50.6
663.1

102.7
14.0
153.2
50.4
668.3

102.7
13.7
153.5
50.2
672.3

102.6
13.6
154.4
50.0
676.2

104.3
13.5
156.1
49.8
682.0

104.5
13.5
157.1
50.0
683.7

105.1
13.6
157.5
49.8
690.1

105.4
13.7
157.5
50.5
695.4

105.3
13.9
158.1
50.9
700.2

105.8
14.3
158.8
51.2
705.5

107.2
14.2
157.7
52.8
713.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

140.8
60.8
23.3
8.8
360.4

141.9
61.0
24.3
8.8
362.3

142.7
60.9
24.5
8.8
363.4

145.4
60.7
24.8
8.8
363.0

145.2
60.6
24.7
8.7
363.6

147.1
60.4
24.7
8.9
364.9

149.5
60.1
24.2
8.9
366.3

150.3
60.2
24.1
9.1
366.9

150.5
60.8
24.0
9.2
366.8

151.8
61.2
23.9
9.4
368.0

153.2
61.7
23.6
9.4
368.7

154.0
62.2
23.8
9.5
369.6

157.3
63.6
24.8

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

192.8

248.4
146.8

194.6
21.5
34.0
251.7
148.5

195.6
21.4
34.0
251.1
148.0

197.0
21.6
34.4
251.7
148.0

198.3
21.6
34.6
250.8
147.6

200.1
21.7
34.8
251.9
147.6

200.5
21.9
34.9
254.9
147.3

199.8
21.5
35.0
252.6
146.5

199.5
21.6
35.0
253.0
147.0

200.9
21.5
36.7
253.5
147.4

200.7
21.6
36.5
253.6
147.6

200.8
21.8
36.8
253.6
147.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

64.9
64.3
85.3
132.9
26.7

65.6
64.7
86.3
131.6
27.0

65.6
64.3
85.8
130.4
27.6

65.8
65.1
86.2
129.4
27.8

65.4
64.9
86.0
128.7
27.1

65.4
65.4
86.0
128.7
28.0

64.9
65.6
86.2
128.6
28.2

64.6
65.8
86.8
129.3
28.3

64.6
66.3
86.6
130.0
28.6

64.8
66.6
87.4
130.8
28.8

65.0
67.0
88.0
131.6
29.1

65.7
67.5
88.4
131.5
29.4

66.1
68.5
91.8
127.7
29.7

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

146.8
114.6
184.6
107.4
56.4

148.5
115.7
186.6
108.9
56.4

148.6
117.1
187.4
110.2
56.4

149.1
118.8
190.4
111.4
55.8

149.4
118.7
190.5
109.8
55.8

149,7
118.9
190.8
110.1
55.7

152.0
118.5
191.5
111.6
55.4

151.8
118.8
190.9
112.0
55.2

151.9
120.0
190.9
113.1
55.6

151.6
120.1
190.8
114.5
55.3

151.7
120.7
191.8
115.6
56.0

151.7
122.1
192.8
118.8
56.2

159.9
125.5
194.5
119.1
57.1

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

131.5
19.5
42.4
93.8
24.2

133.3
19.5
42.8
93.6
24.3

133.6
19.8
42.6
92.6
24.3

135.2
19.9
42.5
90.2
24.5

135.3
19.7
42.4
88.6
24.3

136.6
19.9
42.6
88.5
24.3

141.1
19.7
43.5
89.2
24.4

141.3
19.3
43.5
89.3
24.4

141.3
19.1
43.7
89 8
24.5

141.4
19.3
43.7
90.5
24.7

140.8
19.4
44.1
91.3
24.7

140.9
19.9
44.9
91.7
24.8

145.3
19.7
44.9
92.0
26.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

137.0
43.2
298.0
15.7

137.5
43.2
303.3
221.3
15.9

137.4
43.3
302.3
222.1
15.8

136.9
43.4
309.1
224.2
16.4

137.0
43.3
309.5
224.4
16.0

137.1
43.6
310.9
225.4
16.4

137.5
43.6
311.9
225.9
17.1

137.4
43.6
312.0
226.2
17.2

137.7
43.6
312.7
225.8
17.3

139.0
44.0
314.3
225.1
17.4

139.3
44.0
316.8
225.3
18.0

139.8
43.9
319.5
225.1
17.9

143.1
43.8
328.3
225.8
19.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

230.7
57.8
83.0
231.0
16.7

238.2
57.4
82.1
236.4
17.0

237.8
57.4
82.4
235.1
17.2

236.1
57.2
82.5
234.4
17.5

234.9
57.3
82.3
236.0
17.5

235.2
57.3
82.2
235.2
17.7

235.5
57.9
82.7
236.1
18.0

235.4
58.1
82.7
235.7
18.2

235.8
58.4
82.7
236.2
18.2

236.8
58.8
83.5
237.6
18.4

237.2
59.0
83.7
238.9
18.7

238.2
58.8
83.7
238.5
18.6

239.6
58.6
83.1
247.7
17.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

111.6
16.3

71.5

112.0
16.5
123.1
519.8
71.7

112.3
16.7
122.6
521.9
71.9

113.1
17.0
123.2
523.0
71.9

113.1
17.2
123.2
522.9
71.6

113.1
17.2
123.6
526.3
72.0

114.3
17.2
123.7
529.3
73.2

114.8
17.1
124.0
531.5
73.3

115.4
17.2
124.4
533.4
73.5

116.1
17.0
124.7
534.5
74.4

116.7
17.8
125.0
537.0
74.6

117.2
17.4
125.7
538.6
75.0

117.2
17.6
124.3
539.8
76.5

14.4
193.9
149.0
33.5
117.8
16.9

14.7
196.4
149.3
34.0
119.7
17.3

14.7
196.1
150.3
33.4
121.3
17.5

15.5
197.9
151.4
33.5
121.7
17.3

14.7
197.6
151.5
33.7
120.6
17.2

14.3
197.8
153.1
33.1
121.2
17.1

14.7
195.5
154.6
32.9
120.7
17.1

14.5
196.1
154.4
32.9
120.9
17.0

14.4
195.9
154.7
32.7
120.5
17.1

14.4
198.5
155.9
33.1
121.1
17.0

14.5
199.8
156.5
33.2
121.8
17.1

14.6
201.3
157.9
33.0
122.5
17.3

14.7
202.6
156.7
33.3
125.0
18.2

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

103.1
14.2

21.4
34.3

219.6

122.4
517.0

See footnotes at end of table.




53

9.4
373.3
201.4
22.2
35.4

253.1
147.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. I Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

372.5
14.1
210.7
252.8
1,924.7

371.2
13.7
210.9
252.5
1,923.3

370.2
13.6
210.9
252.1
1,923.9

369.2
13.2
211.3
252.1
1,924.6

369.4
13.2
211.1
252.3
1,923.7

368.3
12.8
210.9
251.1
1,922.9

369.6
14.0
211.8
252.5
1,921.8

368.2
14.7
211.6
252.2
1,922.9

367.4
15.3
211.8
252.3
1,926.5

367.1
14.6
212.1
253.4
1,923.7

366.6
12.4
212.5
253.9
1,922.9

365.8
14.7
212.8
253.8
1,924.6

365.9
13.3
212.4
252.2
1,921.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

204.9
272.9
60.1
12.0
491.4

204.8
272.0
59.9
11.9
491.4

204.2
271.6
60.2
11.9
491.1

204.8
270.7
60.0
11.9
488.8

204.2
269.4
59.9
11.9
487.5

204.0
268.4
60.2
11.8
487.0

204.5
269.1
57.3
11.9
487.2

204.0
268.1
59.5
12.0
486.7

203.5
267.3
59.4
12.0
486.3

203.3
266.5
59.6
12.0
485.9

203.2
267.0
59.6
12.0
485.9

202.6
266.9
59.6
12.0
485.3

203.0
264.7
58.4
12.2
486.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

597.5
16.3
75.7
962.4
686.6

598.1
16.3
75.9
960.4
686.2

599.4
16.3
76.1
958.3
686.2

598.9
16.5
76.0
956.6
686.3

598.9
16.4
76.2
954.8
686.8

599.2
16.4
76.3
953.9
688.2

598.4
16.6
76.7
955.3
692.4

600.8
16.6
76.8
955.7
691.9

599.8
16.6
76.7
955.8
692.2

599.8
16.6
76.9
955.3
692.3

600.2
16.7
76.8
954.9
692.5

600.4
16.6
76.9
955.2
692.7

604.3
16.5
76.9
950.3
694.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

260.0
216.2
320.7
189.7
86.8

262.1
216.0
321.1
189.9
86.6

262.0
215.7
320.4
189.3
86.7

262.4
213.7
319.4
189.6
85.8

262.6
213.3
318.7
188.4
85.8

261.9
213.1
318.6
187.9
86.0

261.8
212.6
320.0
188.2
85.8

261.2
211.9
320.6
188.3
85.8

260.4
210.9
321.4
187.9
86.0

259.9
211.3
321.2
187.6
85.9

259.9
211.3
322.2
187.4
86.2

260.3
211.3
322.5
186.8
86.2

259.8
211.8
323.8
187.9
86.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

177.2
436.9
979.5
440.7
246.4

177.0
436.3
980.5
440.1
245.6

176.7
434.9
981.3
439.1
245.6

177.0
434.2
979.8
439.3
245.1

176.4
432.8
979.7
438.7
244.2

176.2
431.8
979.7
438.8
244.8

177.6
432.4
981.5
438.7
246.6

177.3
432.5
981.6
438.9
246.2

177.4
432.5
979.8
439.3
245.3

176.9
432.5
975.6
439.9
244.3

177.3
432.5
972.4
439.5
243.1

177.4
432.4
970.4
439.9
242.4

178.8
430.8
968.9
440.3
243.4

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

413.7
24.5
118.3
42.0
107.2

413.8
24.5
118.8
42.1
106.9

413.4
24.5
118.6
42.2
106.8

412.7
24.4
117.8
42.2
106.9

412.3
24.3
117.2
42.3
106.4

413.0
24.1
117.0
42.4
106.5

412.6
24.8
117.5
42.1
106.4

411.7
24.7
116.9
42.4
106.5

409.4
24.6
116.9
42.4
106.3

408.2
24.7
117.1
42.5
106.3

406.6
24.7
117.0
42.7
106.4

405.6
24.6
116.9
42.7
106.2

408.3
24.3
117.3
43.0
105.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

474.1
42.9
901.9
814.6
24.0

470.3
42.7
898.3
812.9
24.1

468.9
42.7
896.0
810.7
24.0

468.7
42.5
893.9
807.7
24.2

467.5
42.5
892.2
805.3
24.2

466.5
42.4
890.5
802.7
24.3

466.5
42.6
892.2
803.1
24.0

464.7
42.4
891.3
798.6
23.9

464.4
42.1
889.7
797.2
23.9

463.3
41.7
889.2
795.7
23.8

463.5
41.6
889.5
794.5
23.9

463.5
41.6
792.6
24.0

465.5
41.7
891.6
791.6
24.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,094.4
183.0
243.1
934.2
75.9

1,092.1
183.6
242.7
933.6
75.7

1,090.1
183.7
242.4
933.3
75.2

1,089.6
183.2
242.0
932.4
74.9

1,088.4
184.5
240.8
928.4
74.6

1,088.2
185.3
239.9
926.9
74.2

1,087.8
184.7
239.8
931.8
73.3

1,089.2
184.2
239.3
929.3
74.0

1,085.1
183.9
239.1
929.3
74.0

1,083.1
183.6
240.2
929.7
74.0

1,083.3
183.7
241.6
929.7
74.1

1,082.0
183.6
241.8
929.1
73.9

1,084.4
183.2
241.7
930.4
74.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

349.0
50.3
507.9
1,099.6
131.7

349.1
50.2
507.5
1,096.4
131.6

347.8
49.8
507.7
1,093.7
131.7

347.1
50.3
506.9
1,086.5
132.2

346.3
50.4
507.1
1,084.0
132.5

345.4
50.2
506.9
1,081.7
132.6

344.6
50.0
510.0
1,084.2
133.3

342.6
49.8
511.1
1,082.5
133.1

342.8
50.0
510.2
1.081.4
133.0

342.1
50.5
510.5
1,082.1
132.8

342.7
50.5
509.8
1,082.4
132.5

342.9
50.4
508.5
1,081.9
132.3

343.6
50.2
509.8
1,080.0
132.6

47.8
398.4
372.2
81.6
619.3
11.1

47.7
397.8
371.2
81.5
619.3
11.0

47.7
396.7
369.5
81.7
618.7
11.1

47.8
392.2
368.3
81.6
617.3
11.1

47.8
393.0
366.1
81.2
616.3
11.1

47.9
393.7
364.7
80.7
616.0
11.1

47.9
394.3
363.7
81.4
614.9
11.1

47.9
397.3
362.3
81.3
613.4
11.1

47.7
397.4
359.4
81.4
612.3
11.1

47.8
396.9
357.2
82.0
614.4
11.1

47.8
396.8
356.6
82.1
614.8
11.2

47.8
397.1
356.2
82.2
615.1
11.2

48.3
398.8
355.2
83.2
614.7
11.0

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




54

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.P

Transportation and public utilities

707.6

93.6
25.7
101.9
68.8
708.5

93.8
25.7
102.1
68.7
709.7

94.3
25.7
102.8
69.0
717.6

94.5
25.9
103.4
69.0
717.9

94.6
26.3
103.9
69.2
718.0

94.8
26.3
104.0
69.3
720.8

95.0
26.4
104.4
69.3
723.0

95.3
26.3
104.9
69.5
724.0

95.3
26.5
105.6
69.5
725.6

95.7
26.5
105.9
69.8
728.1

96.1
26.5
106.2
69.6
730.4

95.9
26.8
105.6
70.3
735.5

137.1
77.8
16.6
17.8
347.5

137.6
78.1
16.6
17.8
348.1

138.2
78.1
16.6
17.7
348.2

138.7
78.4
16.7
17.7
347.7

139.4
78.2
16.8
17.5
347.9

139.1
78.2
16.8
17.1
348.1

139.0
77.9
16.5
16.9
348.2

138.4
77.8
16.8
16.8
349.7

139.2
77.8
17.0
17.1
351.2

139.9
78.4
17.0
17.1
353.3

141.5
78.7
17.3
17.1
355.6

141.2
78.9
17.2
17.0
357.0

143.4
79.7
17.7
18.2

253.1
(3)

254.0

255.2

256.5

256.9

257.3

256.6

258.0

2359.1

260.0

260.8

262.0

26.3
347.3
146.4

26.4
347.5
147.0

26.6
348.1
147.3

26.7
348.6
147.7

26.7
348.2
147.5

26.9
348.0
147.4

26.9
345.2
146.6

27.0
346.0
147.1

27.0
346.3
147.3

27.1
346.4
147.1

27.0
346.2
146.9

26.9
345.9
147.1

27.2
347.9
145.4

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

71.4
76.7
104.2
112.9
23.9

71.5
76.9
104.5
113.0
23.9

71.8
76.9
104.7
112.8
24.0

71.9
77.0
104.4
112.1
23.9

72.1
76.9
104.4
112.0
23.9

72.1
77.2
104.4
111.8
24.0

72.1
78.5
105.0
112.4
24.0

72.3
78.8
105.7
112.5
24.0

72.3
78.8
106.2
113.0
24.0

72.0
78.8
106.3
113.3
24.0

72.0
79.2
106.6
113.4
23.9

72.2
78.8
107.0
113.5
23.9

73.2
78.5
108.9
113.9
23.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

109.8
137.2
177.1
129.5
54.6

110.2
137.5
177.0
129.8
54.6

110.3
137.8
176.9
130.0
54.8

111.2
138.8
176.6
131.9
55.3

111.3
138.8
176.4
131.1
55.4

111.8
139.1
176.4
131.9
55.8

112.2
139.2
176.5
131.1
55.8

112.1
139.8
176.7
130.9
55.9

112.2
139.9
176.9
130.7
56.1

112.3
140.2
176.9
130.7
55.9

112.5
140.2
177.0
130.3
56.1

112.8
140.8
177.4
129.9
56.3

112.7
139.4
177.1
129.9
56.6

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

169.8
22.0
57.2
50.2
20.9

170.5
22.1
57.5
50.6
21.2

170.8
22.2
57.4
50.6
21.3

171.0
22.3
57.7
51.0
21.4

171.0
22.2
57.6
51.3
21.4

171.7
22.2
57.5
51.6
21.5

170.5
22.0
57.5
51.7
21.5

172.4
22.1
57.6
52.0
21.8

172.9
22.1
57.7
52.2
21.6

174.1
22.1
57.6
52.3
21.6

175.0
22.3
57.6
52.3
21.6

174.5
22.3
57.1
52.8
21.6

170.2
22.8
57.9
53.1
21.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

262.3
34.5
415.2

263.2
34.6
416.0
174.6
18.2

263.1
34.7
416.7
174.8
18.4

263.6
35.1
420.0
176.2
18.4

263.0
35.3
418.7
176.7
18.5

263.6
35.6
419.5
177.0
18.5

263.0
35.5
420.4
177.8
18.6

263.6
35.7
420.6
178.0
18.5

263.3
35.7
420.6
178.7
18.5

263.5
36.0
420.6
178.4
18.4

264.2
36.0
421.5
178.4
18.6

264.9
36.1
421.5
178.0
18.6

265.4
35.7
419.6

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

244.0
81.7
76.8
290.3
15.8

244.0
81.7
77.0
291.3
16.0

244.2
81.7
77.4
291.7
16.0

244.7
81.8
77.5
294.2
15.8

244.5
81.6
77.6
294.4
16.0

244.9
81.5
77.7
295.7
16.0

245.5
81.6
77.7
293.5
16.3

245.9
81.6
78.3
293.4
16.2

246.1
81.7
78.7
293.3
16.1

246.2
82.0
78.7
293.6
16.2

246.2
82.1
78.8
294.1
16.2

246.1
82.2
78.5
294.7
16.1

245.8
82.0
78.6
298.7
15.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

86.3
16.8
169.5
556.8
58.8

86.7
16.8
170.2
558.0
58.7

86.9
16.8
171.0
559.0
58.9

87.0
16.7
172.0
559.4
59.2

87.3
16.7
172.0
559.6
59.0

87.8
16.7
172.4
561.1
59.5

88.4
16.8
171.8
560.9
59.8

88.4
16.8
172.0
562.7
59.6

88.5
16.7
172.4
565.1
59.9

88.4
16.6
172.6
567.6
60.3

88.6
16.6
173.2
569.9
60.1

89.0
16.7
173.4
571.7
59.9

88.9
16.9
171.6
574.1
59.0

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.2
173.9
137.9
37.8
129.4
14.2

12.2
174.8
138.4
37.8
129.6
14.2

12.2
175.6
138.6
38.1
130.0
14.3

12.2
176.2
138.5
38.2
130.3
14.3

12.3
176.9
138.8
38.3
130.3
14.2

12.3
177.6
139.2
38.4
130.7
14.3

12.4
179.0
139.8
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.1
178.9
140.0
38.3
131.2
14.3

12.5
179.4
140.4
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.6
179.8
140.5
38.5
131.8
14.2

12.6
180.6
140.8
38.4
131.1
14.3

12.6
181.4
140.5
38.4
130.8
14.1

12.7
182.8
141.2
38.2
131.0

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

93.0
25.8
100.8
68.6

174.0
18.2

See footnotes at end of table.




55

355.9

179.1
18.7

14.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000
State
Jan.

|

Feb.

|

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. [

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.P

Trade

439.9
56.8
501.3
259.6
3,145.5

442.3
57.0
501.9
260.4
3,164.6

444.8
57.1
503.0
260.9
3,170.1

441.2
57.3
507.6
261.2
3,178.4

442.6
56.9
510.5
260.9
3,182.8

444.2
57.3
513.5
261.7
3,187.8

447.8
57.5
513.5
262.4
3,201.5

448.5
57.5
515.2
262.4
3,210.6

449.4
57.4
516.2
262.7
3,213.0

450.3
57.3
517.7
265.0
3,210.5

451.4
57.5
518.5
265.4
3,217.7

452.3
57.4
520.4
266.1
3,235.9

499.6
358.4
88.6
47.8
1,700.3

502.3
358.6
88.9
47.5
1,706.5

502.0
359.0
89.6
47.6
1,709.4

503.3
359.5
89.5
47.9
1,707.2

504.4
358.9
89.5
47.7
1,715.1

507.8
358.9
89.6
47.8
1,721.7

511.5
359.3
90.1
47.6
1,725.4

510.1
361.1
90.5
47.6
1,730.5

511.4
359.0
90.8
47.7
1,734.3

512.0
359.2
91.1
47.6
1,738.2

513.0
360.5
91.5
47.8
1,739.0

515.0
361.3
92.1
48.2
1,741.6

1,742.8

942.3
131.3
134.4
1,335.0
689.5

946.5
131.2
134.3
1,340.2
693.8

948.4
131.9
134.9
1,341.6
697.0

954.7
132.2
135.2
1,345.5
699.4

960.2
132.3
135.4
1,343.9
700.3

963.9
132.7
136.0
1,345.9
702.2

974.1
133.2
136.3
1,350.5
706.1

979.3
133.5
136.3
1,349.2
706.4

981.3
133.7
136.5
1,347.5
706.2

985.2
133.6
137.8
1,346.6
706.9

987.9
134.0
137.5
1,347.5
710.3

990.1
133.7
137.7
1,349.6
711.8

997.8
133.3
136.9
1,338.2
703.8

352.7
318.4
421.1
441.7
144.1

355.6
318.7
422.9
442.9
145.1

356.0
318.6
423.2
443.3
145.5

356.9
318.2
425.7
441.4
146.0

356.7
317.4
426.1
441.5
145.7

357.9
317.9
426.6
442.9
145.8

356.9
318.3
427.0
445.1
146.2

355.3
317.5
427.4
444.8
146.2

354.0
316.7
427.0
444.9
146.5

355.2
319.2
428.0
445.0
147.4

355.9
320.6
429.3
443.5
148.4

356.6
321.9
430.8
442.8
148.8

355.7
321.6
433.7
440.7
149.0

542.6
730.0
1,052.0
612.9
249.9

544.3
731.2
1,055.9
614.2
251.1

545.3
733.1
1,058.4
616.0
251.8

546.8
735.9
1,061.6
617.8
253.4

548.1
735.6
1,060.5
618.7
253.9

548.4
737.2
1,061.4
619.7
254.1

550.1
743.2
1,064.9
621.9
253.7

552.2
744.0
1,065.4
620.8
253.3

553.4
743.6
1,066.0
621.6
253.2

554.2
743.8
1,067.2
622.1
253.0

555.1
742.7
1,070.9
623.4
252.3

554.7
744.7
1,072.5
623.7
252.4

554.0
742.4
1,071.6
622.4
250.3

631.4
100.7
214.5
193.5
157.1

637.2
101.0
214.7
194.8
158.2

638.2
101.1
214.9
196.2
159.0

640.0
101.1
215.4
198.3
159.7

640.7
100.8
215.5
199.9
159.9

641.9
101.6
216.4
201.3
160.7

645.4
101.5
218.7
203.4
161.2

645.9
101.6
216.7
204.5
161.4

646.0
101.8
216.5
205.4
161.2

646.4
101.7
215.7
206.2
160.7

646.4
102.1
215.1
206.9
161.1

647.2
102.4
214.8
207.8
161.2

647.9
102.0
213.4
208.1
163.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

896.4
170.6
1,690.1
865.6
80.8

897.9
170.8
1,695.3
873.7
80.9

899.8
170.8
1,697.9
872.9
80.6

902.0
171.1
1,708.7
871.2
81.4

903.7
171.0
1,705.8
872.0
81.5

904.9
170.9
1,707.6
872.7
82.0

907.0
171.0
1,712.5
878.0
81.8

908.5
171.3
1,713.3
877.2
81.4

910.4
171.8
1,713.6
878.0
81.7

912.4
171.5
1,719.1
877.1
81.5

914.5
171.9
1,723.3
878.3
81.4

916.5
172.1
1,726.6
877.3
81.3

918.0
170.8
1,727.1
882.6

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,324.4
333.8
385.5
1,237.2
101.3

1,330.3
334.9
386.3
1,241.9
101.7

1,332.3
335.8
386.8
1,244.7
102.1

1,334.7
335.2
386.6
1,250.7
103.4

1,332.8
335.7
387.0
1,250.3
103.2

1,334.9
336.6
388.4
1,255.1
104.0

1,334.9
337.1
388.7
1,253.1
105.2

1,334.8
337.6
388.0
1,253.8
105.4

1,333.2
338.2
388.7
1,253.8
105.3

1,335.6
340.1
390.3
1,253.7
105.5

1,335.4
340.7
390.0
1,253.1
105.6

1,338.4
341.9
390.6
1,251.7
105.5

1,335.9
340.1
392.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

432.7
89.5
625.4
2,145.9
246.1

437.0
89.5
627.2
2,153.3
246.2

436.3
89.7
628.3
2,163.8
246.6

436.5
90.2
624.6
2,160.9
247.6

437.2
90.4
625.2
2,169.2
247.9

438.0
90.8
626.9
2,174.3
248.4

441.9
90.9
628.1
2,181.6
248.8

442.9
91.1
627.7
2,188.0
249.0

444.0
91.1
631.1
2,192.7
249.6

444.7
92.0
629.5
2,196.7
250.4

445.6
92.3
631.1
2,204.4
250.4

446.7
92.7
633.0
2,210.7
251.0

447.7
92.7
630.2
2,209.0
251.3

66.1
740.0
631.5
162.4
619.8
53.2

66.4
743.3
632.0
162.8
621.5
53.1

66.4
744.8
634.7
162.9
623.4
53.5

66.4
746.8
632.1
163.2
625.6
53.3

66.3
748.2
632.8
163.4
626.0
53.2

66.2
749.8
633.1
163.4
628.6
53.0

66.8
750.1
634.8
162.9
630.4
53.0

66.8
750.6
636.3
162.4
629.9
53.1

66.8
749.4
636.3
162.1
628.9
53.0

66.9
755.1
640.1
162.7
631.5
53.7

67.2
754.1
642.6
163.0
632.5
54.1

67.4
754.2
644.1
163.5
634.0
54.1

68.1
755.0
647.3
163.2
638.1
54.2

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois

Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




56

454.8
57.7
521.1
267.4

3,229.6
515.5
362.4
91.6
48.5

79.2

1,269.7
105.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate

93.3
12.8

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

90.0
12.8
136.8
45.3
817.8

90.4
12.8
136.8
45.4
818.3

90.8
12.8
137.0
45.5
818.3

91.0
12.8
137.9
45.7
818.8

91.0
12.8
138.9
45.8
819.3

91.3
12.9
140.1
45.9
819.9

91.5
12.8
140.4
46.0
822.1

91.7
12.8
141.1
46.0
823.3

92.0
12.8
141.6
46.0
823.9

92.3
12.8
142.1
46.6
825.4

92.8
12.8
143.0
46.6
825.5

92.9
12.9
143.4
46.7
826.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

139.7
31.6
444.4

140.6
139.9
48.8
31.7
445.6

140.5
139.7
48.7
31.8
446.7

140.7
140.2
48.8
31.1
443.1

140.8
140.6
48.8
31.1
446.2

141.1
140.8
48.9
31.1
447.3

141.7
140.9
49.1
31.1
449.0

141.9
140.8
49.5
31.2
450.3

142.1
141.1
49.9
31.2
451.8

142.9
141.4
50.1
31.1
453.5

142.4
141.7
50.3
31.2
454.8

142.2
141.7
50.6
31.2
456.7

31.4
459.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

201.2
35.3
23.7
406.3
142.1

201.1
35.3
23.8
406.1
142.4

201.2
35.2
23.8
405.7
141.9

201.6
35.0
23.8
405.8
142.4

202.7
35.0
23.7
405.8
142.2

203.2
35.0
23.5
406.0
142.3

202.6
35.0
23.4
405.8
142.8

202.5
35.0
23.3
406.2
142.9

203.0
35.0
23.3
406.2
143.3

203.2
34.9
23.6
406.8
143.3

203.7
34.6
23.6
407.6
143.6

203.6
34.5
23.6
407.7
143.6

205.5
34.4
23.4
407.2
144.1

84.9
62.9
70.3
85.3
30.9

85.0
63.0
70.7
85.6
30.8

85.1
63.2
70.5
85.4
30.9

85.1
62.7
70.9
85.2
30.9

85.2
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.0

85.1
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.1

85.0
62.8
71.1
85.2
31.0

84.8
62.9
71.2
85.3
31.0

84.9
62.9
71.4
85.4
31.0

85.2
63.2
71.3
85.4
31.1

85.4
63.2
71.3
85.5
31.2

85.5
63.4
71.3
85.5
31.1

85.2
63.5
71.8
85.1
31.1

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

137.8
224.5
207.6
159.5
42.3

138.4
225.2
206.7
159.7
42.4

137.4
225.4
205.9
159.9
42.5

139.9
225.6
207.3
160.0
42.8

139.9
225.8
207.4
160.3
42.6

139.9
225.7
207.7
160.4
42.1

140.9
226.3
208.0
160.3
42.1

141.1
226.7
208.2
160.5
42.3

141.3
226.7
208.4
160.5
42.3

141.7
227.4
208.4
160.7
42.5

142.0
228.0
208.6
160.9
42.4

142.5
228.7
208.3
161.2
42.4

142.9
228.5
207.9
162.7
42.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

164.9
17.4
60.1
43.6
32.1

165.3
17.4
60.3
43.8
32.2

165.5
17.4
60.6
43.8
32.1

165.7
17.3
60.7
43.7
32.5

166.0
17.5
61.0
44.0
32.7

166.3
17.5
61.0
44.2
32.8

165.9
17.5
61.3
44.1
32.7

166.0
17.6
61.4
44.3
32.9

166.0
17.5
61.3
44.4
32.8

166.3
17.5
61.1
44.4
32.9

166.4
17.7
61.2
44.7
32.9

166.4
17.9
61.1
44.6
33.1

166.5
17.8
61.0
45.1
32.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

252.8
33.2

254.7
33.1
747.0
186.4
16.2

256.2
33.0
745.9
186.1
16.3

256.0
33.0
746.2
185.7
16.2

256.3
33.0
746.6
185.3
16.3

256.7
33.1
748.3
184.9
16.4

257.2
33.1
748.7
185.1
16.4

257.7
33.2
747.8
185.5
16.4

258.7
32.9
749.1
185.7
16.4

258.7
33.0
750.2
186.3
16.4

259.4
33.2
749.8
186.4
16.4

259.8
33.1
755.2

16.2

254.1
33.0
748.8
186.5
16.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

304.0
71.9
95.7
323.8
29.4

304.3
72.3
95.7
324.4
29.5

304.6
72.5
96.0
324.3
29.5

305.6
73.0
95.5
324.3
29.6

306.2
73.2
95.4
324.2
29.5

307.1
73.5
95.2
324.5
29.4

308.4
73.4
95.3
323.0
29.6

308.7
73.6
95.4
323.3
29.8

309.3
73.5
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.1
73.7
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.9
73.9
95.3
323.2
29.8

311.6
74.2
95.2
323.3
29.9

311.0
74.3
94.0
324.5
29.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

80.9
23.7
130.5
509.3
56.6

80.9
23.8
130.7
510.7
56.7

80.9
24.0
130.9
514.7
56.6

81.1
24.1
130.8
511.6
56.5

81.2
24.2
131.2
513.1
56.7

81.5
24.4
130.7
515.3
56.7

81.8
24.6
130.3
518.2
56.8

82.0
24.8
130.3
520.6
57.0

82.3
25.0
130.4
522.6
56.9

82.6
25.0
130.6
525.1
57.3

82.7
25.0
130.7
526.8
57.3

82.9
25.1
130.7
528.5
57.3

82.5
25.5
131.1
528.3
57.0

12.4
181.9
137.3

12.5
182.4
137.4
29.9
144.9
8.0

12.5
182.9
137.6
30.0
145.2
8.0

12.6
183.4
137.6
29.8
145.8
7.9

12.6
183.5
137.6
29.9
146.2
8.0

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.9
146.5
8.1

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.8
146.8
7.8

12.5
184.0
137.9
29.8
146.9
8.0

12.5
183.9
138.3
29.6
146.8
8.0

12.6
184.1
138.5
29.6
147.2
8.1

12.6
184.7
139.0
29.6
147.6
8.1

12.6
184.5
139.3
29.6
148.0
8.2

12.5
185.2
136.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

139.9
48.8

750.1
185.5

29.9
144.7

7.9

See footnotes at end of table.




57

144.1
46.8
825.6
143.5
141.0
50.3

187.1
16.4

29.6
148.5
8.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

I

Feb.

|

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug. | Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.P

Services

449.4
69.0

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

658.5
268.0
4,299.9

451.2
68.9
659.1
268.7
4,312.2

452.2
69.2
662.5
268.9
4,323.2

454.0
69.7
667.6
269.3
4,336.7

454.3
70.3
672.5
269.1
4,353.4

456.3
71.0
676.5
269.5
4,369.9

459.0
71.0
684.2
269.7
4,392.6

460.1
70.9
688.8
270.2
4,405.7

460.8
70.9
689.5
271.0
4,417.2

461.3
71.0
692.0
272.3
4,432.0

461.9
71.2
695.0
272.8
4,446.6

463.2
71.4
700.1
274.1
4,463.0

463.1
72.1
704.2
274.8
4,491.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

636.8
518.4
114.0
274.1
2,440.7

640.3
519.7
115.0
274.4
2,457.8

639.7
521.7
115.6
274.2
2,467.8

646.3
524.0
115.3
274.8
2,485.6

649.3
525.1
115.4
274.6
2,500.6

652.4
527.3
115.8
275.0
2,514.2

658.2
531.5
117.2
275.8
2,534.1

660.2
531.1
118.2
276.7
2,549.3

661.4
530.4
117.6
277.2
2,566.3

663.2
529.5
118.1
277.3
2,587.1

663.6
529.6
118.0
277.8
2,605.2

665.5
530.4
118.3
278.8
2,622.8

670.9
533.2
118.1
279.3
2,638.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

1,028.5
172.1
129.7
1,787.6
714.6

1,035.4
172.9
130.0
1,801.4
720.2

1,042.2
173.2
130.3
1,806.8
723.1

1,054.9
173.7
131.1
1,809.3
726.5

1,057.8
174.4
131.8
1,814.6
727.6

1,064.2
174.8
133.1
1,822.8
730.2

1,074.4
174.8
134.1
1,818.1
733.9

1,077.8
175.2
134.7
1,814.4
735.1

1,079.3
175.2
135.3
1,816.2
734.2

1,085.1
175.2
135.8
1,821.2
733.8

1,086.7
175.4
136.2
1,825.3
732.8

1,090.5
176.1
136.7
1,829.0
732.8

1,097.5
175.5
136.4
1,814.2
730.8

381.8
339.2
451.9
515.4
170.5

381.7
339.3
453.6
515.9
171.4

382.8
340.0
454.5
516.5
172.0

384.4
339.6
460.7
516.8
172.8

384.7
340.5
460.8
517.4
173.3

386.7
341.4
462.9
519.6
174.2

385.7
342.8
465.2
523.9
175.0

386.5
343.0
466.0
524.9
175.5

387.9
343.9
466.5
526.5
175.6

387.8
346.1
468.0
528.1
176.1

388.9
347.5
469.7
530.6
176.3

389.8
349.0
471.1
531.6
176.9

391.4
346.5
468.5
531.7
176.2

802.0
1,139.0

1,235.2
739.7
263.2

805.3
1,144.4
1,234.3
741.6
263.7

805.7
1,147.8
1,235.6
743.8
266.1

807.6
1,154.8
1,235.4
747.3
268.5

809.3
1,154.6
1,238.0
749.0
269.1

811.8
1,160.2
1,240.8
751.8
270.1

818.4
1,166.9
1,244.2
753.9
272.6

818.8
1,168.7
1,245.3
757.5
273.2

819.6
1,170.3
1,246.8
756.0
273.6

822.0
1,171.8
1,246.6
758.2
273.5

824.1
1,171.9
1,248.1
760.4
272.6

826.9
1,176.2
1,251.4
762.1
271.7

832.7
1,178.1
1,249.8
767.5
275.0

764.1
110.0
240.6
407.0
175.6

766.6
110.4
240.6
409.6
176.1

766.5
110.8
240.6
415.5
176.6

768.0
110.6
241.4
419.8
177.6

765.9
111.1
242.4
422.3
177.3

767.3
111.2
244.3
424.2
177.9

769.8
112.8
244.9
428.6
178.4

771.3
113.3
244.9
432.4
178.3

773.0
113.9
244.8
433.8
178.8

774.4
114.4
244.9
435.2
177.8

776.5
114.8
244.9
435.7
179.7

777.4
115.2
246.3
436.4
180.8

780.9
115.9
244.4
439.2
180.5

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,240.5
207.3
2,877.6
971.1
90.7

1,246.8
208.1
2,891.1
975.3
90.9

1,250.8
208.8
2,896.8
979.0
90.9

1,255.2
209.1
2,904.3
982.5
91.7

1,260.2
209.8
2,908.9
984.0
91.5

1,263.7
210.7
2,916.6
988.0
91.9

1,266.4
210.9
2,931.1
999.5
91.9

1,268.1
211.9
2,936.9
1,001.4
92.0

1,269.9
212.4
2,943.4
1,004.3
92.3

1,272.7
212.4
2,952.1
1,007.7
92.7

1,274.4
212.9
2,960.8
1,011.7
92.7

1,276.5
213.6
2,972.3
1,014.2
92.4

1,273.7
212.1
2,985.8
1,020.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,530.4
414.1
417.4
1,796.2
156.2

1,536.9
415.0
418.3
1,802.9
157.9

1,539.0
413.9
420.5
1,809.0
158.1

1,547.4
414.3
421.4
1,809.2
158.9

1,546.5
414.5
421.4
1,812.5
158.8

1,549.2
416.0
422.6
1,818.2
158.5

1,557.0
416.4
428.8
1,821.9
159.9

1,558.6
417.7
428.1
1,822.1
160.0

1,560.9
418.6
429.5
1,813.1
160.2

1,563.9
420.9
432.0
1,813.6
160.4

1,566.2
421.5
433.5
1,811.6
160.2

1,569.4
422.8
435.2
1,811.8
160.3

1,572.6
420.4
435.9
1,821.7
159.3

435.0
99.8

437.6
100.0
710.8
2,572.7
287.7

440.0
100.1
711.3
2,582.9
288.9

443.0
100.5
712.5
2,577.1
290.7

444.6
100.4
713.8
2,583.8
291.2

446.6
100.4
716.1
2,593.7
292.7

449.7
100.3
718.1
2,595.1
294.0

451.1
100.5
718.5
2,603.3
294.9

452.1
100.5
719.3
2,611.0
296.3

453.4
101.8
721.2
2,616.8
297.4

455.3
102.2
722.9
2,624.6
298.4

457.4
102.5
724.4
2,634.9
299.1

452.5
102.7
733.0
2,634.6
295.3

87.7
1,072.0
728.0
214.9
725.1
53.0

87.9
1,075.0
729.8
215.7
728.3
53.4

88.0
1,077.6
729.5
216.2
731.4
53.2

88.3
1,079.1
731.0
216.5
732.9
53.1

88.6
1,082.6
733.1
217.0
735.1
53.1

88.4
1,082.8
737.9
217.1
736.6
56.6

88.3
1,086.3
739.3
217.7
737.3
53.6

88.4
1,088.9
741.1
217.2
738.1
54.1

88.7
1,096.5
743.7
218.9
740.6
54.6

88.8
1,098.7
745.8
219.6
740.8
55.3

89.3
1,101.1
747.4
220.6
743.0
55.3

1,104.0
750.4
219.3
741.6
55.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

709.4

2,564.1
286.2
87.5
1,065.7
727.7

214.0
722.6
52.6

See footnotes at end of table.




58

92.4

90.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

354.4
73.8
350.9
188.6
2,247.9

354.0
74.0
347.4
188.9
2,256.6

354.8
74.1
351.2
189.1
2,262.3

189.2
2,272.3

Jan.P

Government

349.7
73.2
348.7

2,231.5 2,231.6

73.8
349.8
187.5
2,237.7

2,240.9

357.3
73.7
347.3
188.0
2,245.9

326.8
234.8
54.9
220.3
964.8

327.4
235.2
54.9
222.0
965.5

327.6
235.9
54.5
222.5
966.8

329.5
235.6
55.0
223.0
968.9

330.3
236.3
54.7
223.5
970.1

331.3
237.1
54.9
222.6
971.3

330.5
237.7
55.4
223.5
973.3

332.0
238.2
55.6
223.8
975.0

333.2
238.5
55.7
224.0
977.6

333.3
239.6
54.7
221.9
971.2

588.3
110.9
104.5
821.1
401.5

586.6
111.0
103.8
825.2
402.8

587.3
110.8
104.9
824.9
409.2

583.6
111.9
105.2
827.4
403.5

584.9
112.3
105.4
832.1
404.7

589.8
115.9
107.0
833.4
403.9

601.5
117.9
105.9
834.6
403.2

590.5
114.1
107.4
832.5
404.5

591.3
113.7
107.7
833.6
404.3

592.8
112.9
107.6
831.8
404.4

592.4
112.9
107.9
826.1
408.2

239.1
238.7
300.0
370.9
96.1

239.0
239.6
300.4
369.4
95.9

239.2
239.9
301.9
369.2
95.9

238.7
238.8
303.3
369.3
95.8

238.0
240.4
304.9
368.5
95.7

238.9
239.6
297.1
366.9
95.8

238.6
239.1
300.2
367.7
95.3

240.7
237.9
300.5
367.8
97.0

240.0
241.6
300.8
368.8
96.8

240.3
241.9
301.4
369.9
96.6

241.1
241.6
301.8
369.9
96.7

242.1
242.5
303.0
369.6
96.8

441.2
415.9
653.7
384.6
225.4

441.4
416.4
661.0
384.7
225.9

442.1
416.7
662.7
385.5
226.5

442.9
416.1
666.8
386.2
226.8

442.7
416.2
667.0
385.2
227.2

441.1
417.0
667.7
384.3
229.1

415.8
415.5
668.1
389.6
230.1

417.9
416.0
667.9
389.0
230.4

439.1
419.0
668.8
391.1
230.7

441.1
418.4
666.7
390.5
230.6

442.2
418.1
669.1
389.5
230.6

442.4
418.0
670.2
389.7
230.2

443.6
421.8
671.0
385.9
229.2

421.9
78.5
150.2
115.7
80.6

418.1
78.0
150.7
116.1
80.8

418.4
79.1
150.7
117.1
80.9

418.0
79.1
151.2
117.6
80.8

420.2
78.9
151.0
118.3
81.1

420.6
78.9
151.7
115.8
81.3

417.3
79.8
153.2
117.6
81.7

412.0
79.2
152.7
117.8
82.5

426.5
79.4
152.7
116.4
82.1

422.2
79.4
152.7
118.8
82.1

422.7
79.4
152.6
119.2
82.3

422.8
79.5
152.6
119.6
82.6

426.2
79.0
154.3
118.6
84.0

571.1
178.9
1,436.8

569.9

186.2
2,205.2

350.4
73.4
348.5
186.8
2,223.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

325.8
231.9
54.9
222.9
954.5

325.9
232.4
54.4
222.7
961.5

326.1
233.3
54.8
222.8
963.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

588.9
110.9
102.5
819.1
399.6

589.7
111.1
104.2
819.4
400.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

238.9
238.9
296.9
369.1
95.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

178.5

72.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

759.7
279.9
258.6
708.4
63.4

767.2
281.3
258.7
707.5
63.0

768.4
281.6
259.1
707.7
63.5

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

313.1
71.2
388.1

313.5
71.1
389.4

313.3

1,530.7

58.7

186.6

769.7
281.7
259.5
707.2
63.5

769.7
281.2
259.6
705.4
63.4

352.1
73.5

356.9

777.0
283.0
260.0
711.6
63.0

777.9
283.6
261.0
711.1
63.2

779.4
283.9
261.5
712.8
62.9

781.6
284.6
262.1
711.5
63.1

784.7
285.3
259.7
718.2
63.4

316.7
313.5
312.5
314.0
71.7
71.2
71.4
71.2
390.4
389.6
392.9
399.6
1,542.7 1,523.9 1,530.3 1,541.5

314.6
72.3

317.7
72.6
391.8
1,555.7
179.5

319.9
71.8
391.0
1,561.3
180.4

47.4
611.6
476.8
140.0
398.4
58.9

47.2
613.7
476.5
140.0
398.9

770.4
284.0
259.4
712.4
63.2

776.1
282.0
265.2
704.4
63.1

775.8
283.3
266.1
708.7
62.9

314.8

315.9

71.3

71.4

1,534.9
178.2

389.8
1,539.2
178.8

389.9
1,541.1

71.6
389.4
1,541.4

179.2

179.3

179.2

177.9

178.2

180.8

1,546.1
179.0

316.4
72.4
391.7
1,551.7
179.2

46.9
606.7
470.5
140.9
396.1
58.7

47.3
608.6
471.3
141.0
396.4
58.8

47.3
608.7
472.0
142.0
397.3
58.7

48.0
607.8
471.9
141.4
398.8
58.7

47.3
608.9
472.9
141.5
398.8

47.2
611.1
474.0
141.2
399.5
58.5

48.2
612.1
476.3
140.3
400.4
58.6

47.1
612.9
473.6
140.5
399.0
58.4

47.4
611.6
474.5
140.4
398.4
58.5

47.4
611.4
475.4
140.3
398.0
58.6

1

60.0

391.0

59.3

p
= preliminary.
NOTE:
All data have been adjusted to March 1999 benchmarks (with the
exception of data for New Jersey) and incorporate updated seasonal adjustment
factors.

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
3
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2




352.7
73.4
344.3
188.0

570.7
573.2
572.1
572.9
569.3
570.5
570.0
569.9
574.2
573.8
180.5
179.9
179.9
181.6
181.0
181.9
181.6
180.0
181.3
181.6
1,438.4 1,441.6 1,441.9 1,441.8 1,443.3 1,442.7 1,442.8 1,447.2 1,448.4 1,446.7 1,444.6
635.7
600.0
603.4
612.3
584.3
600.0
611.1
608.8
607.2
605.5
607.5
70.3
70.2
71.6
70.8
72.1
72.2
72.0
72.0
71.8
71.5
72.0

1,437.0
602.4

47.0
604.5
470.2
140.3
396.7

349.8

73.6
345.6

179.2

72.1

176.9

351.1
73.6
348.4
186.7

569.6

599.9

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

350.9

350.4
73.3
344.8
187.2
2,230.3

349.8
73.2
350.2
186.2
2,215.4

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1999

2000

Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.P

34.6

34.5

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.5

41.0

40.8

40.9

41.0

41.2

41.2

41.1

41.1

41.1

41.3

40.9

41.2

41.4

Mining

43.0

42.9

43.8

44.1

44.0

45.1

44.2

44.3

44.1

44.2

44.2

45.0

44.8

Construction

39.2

38.5

38.6

38.9

39.4

38.9

39.0

39.1

39.1

40.0

38.9

39.4

39.9

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.6
4.5

41.5
4.5

41.6
4.3

41.7
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.9
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

41.6
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.9
4.8

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.2
4.6
41.1
40.3
43.4
43.8
43.8
42.1
42.1
41.2
44.0
45.0
41.3
39.7

42.0
4.6
41.2
40.3
42.9
43.9
43.9
42.1
41.9
41.0
43.7
44.7
41.2
39.8

42.1
4.3
41.2
40.4
43.1
44.0
44.5
41.8
41.9
41.1
44.0
45.1
41.6
39.6

42.2
4.7
41.2
40.4
43.4
44.3
44.8
42.1
42.1
41.5
43.5
44.4
41.6
40.2

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.4
43.4
44.3
45.2
42.1
42.0
41.5
44.2
45.4
41.5
40.0

42.5
4.9
41.1
40.6
43.6
44.5
45.2
42.3
42.4
41.7
44.4
46.0
41.7
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.3
40.3
43.6
44.4
45.1
42.4
42.4
41.7
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.1
40.4
43.6
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.4
44.3
45.0
42.1
42.4
41.6
43.9
45.3
41.5
39.8

42.2
4.7
41.1
39.9
43.9
44.3
45.3
42.1
42.2
41.4
43.5
44.7
41.5
39.6

42.1
4.8
40.9
40.0
43.3
44.4
45.5
41.9
42.2
41.2
43.3
44.4
41.6
39.9

42.3
4.7
41.1
40.2
43.7
44.6
45.2
42.2
42.5
41.3
43.8
45.2
41.2
39.4

42.4
4.9
41.1
40.3
43.5
44.6
45.7
42.5
42.4
41.9
44.1
45.1
41.2
39.5

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.8
4.3
41.7
38.5
40.6
37.5
43.5
38.1
42.8
(2)
41.7
37.7

40.8
4.4
41.7
38.8
40.4
37.4
43.7
37.9
42.8
(2)
41.8
37.7

40.9
4.2
41.9
38.6
41.0
37.5
43.6
38.1
43.0
(2)
41.5
38.1

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.9
41.0
37.8
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.9
38.4

41.0
4.5
41.8
39.1
40.6
37.7
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9

41.1
4.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.9

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.0
40.9
37.3
43.7
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2

40.9
4.4
41.7
40.2
40.8
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.2

41.0
4.5
42.0
41.0
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.5

41.0
4.4
41.9
42.8
41.2
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.6

40.9
4.5
41.6
43.5
41.2
37.4
43.2
38.2
43.1
(2)
41.3
36.8

40.9
4.4
41.6
43.0
40.9
37.6
43.2
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.5

41.0
4.6
41.7
43.3
41.6
37.8
43.5
38.2
43.2
(2)
41.5
38.0

33.0

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

33.0

32.8

Transportation and public utilities

39.2

39.1

39.0

38.8

38.9

38.7

38.9

38.6

38.5

38.2

38.5

38.5

38.3

Wholesale trade

38.5

38.4

38.4

38.3

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.3

Retail trade

29.2

29.0

29.0

29.1

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.1

29.2

29.1

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.7

32.6

32.5

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.8

32.6

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1999

2000

Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.P

Feb.P

147.3

146.8

147.0

147.2

147.8

148.3

148.4

148.2

148.8

149.2

149.4

150.5

149.9

115.0

114.2

114.2

114.4

114.6

115.1

114.3

114.6

114.7

115.5

114.5

116.3

116.4

51.0

50.5

50.4

50.1

49.7

50.9

49.8

50.3

50.6

50.4

50.8

51.5

51.0

Construction

171.9

169.1

169.2

170.0

172.8

170.7

170.3

172.4

173.2

179.0

174.5

181.6

180.8

Manufacturing

106.8

106.5

106.5

106.5

106.3

107.3

106.4

106.4

106.2

106.0

105.7

106.3

106.7

110.8
147.6

110.4

110.4
147.5

110.5

111.9
147.3
138.8
118.1

110.2

109.8

136.1
118.1

146.6
135.8
117.0

110.7
147.8
136.5
118.9

89.8
69.4

91.1
69.8

147.6
137.4
116.2
89.8

147.6

90.3
69.2

110.9
147.1
137.5
117.0
90.2

110.5

147.6

135.9
117.0

110.4
146.9
136.2
116.8

111.2

147.3

69.9

69.9

90.0
69.9

90.4
70.2

90.6
70.2

116.9
104.5
106.2
123.4
162.4
75.6
101.4

116.6
104.0
105.9

118.2
105.3
108.0
127.1
172.1
76.0
101.1

117.2
104.2
106.7
125.4
168.0
75.1
101.3

116.8
104.1
106.7
124.2
167.3

116.9
103.7
105.8

75.1

165.0
75.1

100.8

100.3

116.5
103.8
105.0
122.2
164.1
74.5
101.8

117.5
104.7
105.6
124.6
169.7
73.6
100.9

111.4
148.0
137.1
117.3
91.0
71.0
118.6
105.2

101.1
118.5
55.3
81.1
61.4
106.3
122.3
102.3

100.5
117.9
56.2

100.2
117.7
53.7
79.5

100.4

100.3

122.0
103.2
72.4
149.4

100.1
118.3
58.2
79.8
57.7
105.1
121.4
103.4
72.0
149.5

151.3

121.8
104.1
68.7
150.4

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

134.9
117.0

147.9
135.2
115.4

135.6
116.2

90.0

89.9

117.2
105.2
105.2
125.9
162.7
75.2

68.2
117.0
104.4
105.1
125.3
162.7
74.7

69.1
116.2
104.1

99.8

100.0

101.5
118.8
57.2
82.0
62.1
106.7
122.8
102.0
77.4
148.5

101.2
118.8
55.7
81.1
61.5
107.0
121.9

90.0
68.0

105.6
125.5
164.8
75.8
100.3
101.2
118.9
55.4

81.6
61.4

148.8

106.7
121.9
102.4
74.5
148.5

33.0

32.4

161.8

101.8
76.4

165.9
75.2
100.9

79.8
60.4

100.9
119.1
59.0
81.3

59.3

99.9
116.2

49.5
80.0

106.0

106.0

122.3

122.4

101.9

58.6
105.9
122.1
102.3
72.5
149.4

58.6
105.6
122.1
102.7
149.2

100.4
118.7
54.8
80.0
58.1
105.2
122.6
102.8
73.2
149.2

122.7

119.0
57.3
80.1
57.7

105.4

118.4
61.8
78.7

57.9
104.9
121.8
103.5

107.8
125.3
169.4

73.6
100.4
100.3
117.6

62.2
80.0
58.0

105.6

73.9

72.9

149.5

148.6

102.1
74.4
149.6

32.8

32.4

32.0

30.9

31.7

30.9

30.5

30.0

29.4

30.0

29.8

161.5

161.6

161.9

162.7

163.2

163.7

163.3

164.1

164.4

165.0

165.8

165.0

134.1

133.8

133.6

133.0

133.7

133.2

134.1

133.5

133.3

132.7

134.0

134.7

133.6

131.3

131.3

131.6

131.5

132.0

132.3

132.5

133.1

133.8

133.2

134.0

134.6

133.6

142.9

141.9

142.6

143.3

143.6

144.4

143.8

142.6

143.1

143.3

144.7

145.4

145.0

139.6

139.3

139.1

138.8

139.4

141.2

140.7

140.2

140.5

139.7

140.6

140.9

139.8

198.9

198.8

198.9

199.3

200.7

201.1

202.4

202.3

204.0

205.0

204.8

206.0

204.9

1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.




125.0

137.5
116.8
90.4
70.0
117.4
104.4
107.2
126.6
169.9
75.4
101.1

73.9

69.5

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Jan.
2000r

237,668

239,564

239,186

2.0

199,349

200,721

200,373

1,217
12,932
39,763
23,966
15,788
13,819
14,190
34,763
14,536
68,138

1,234
13,336
39,905
24,083
15,822
13,910
14,266
34,935
14,560
68,577

1,236
13,451
40,008
24,188
15,820
13,778
14,170
34,866
14,434
68,432

38,309

38,843

38,813

Feb.
2000*

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data
refer to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




Feb. 1999
to
Feb. 2000*

Dec.

Dec. 1999
to
Jan. 2000/

Jan. 2000
To
Feb. 2000*

0.8

-0.2

1.9

.7

-.2

.1
5.8
-.4
.1
-1.2
.0
2.0
1.4
.8
3.5

1.3
3.1
.4
.5
.2
.7
.5
.5
.2
.6

.2
.9
.3
.4
.0
-.9
-7
-.2
-.9
-.2

2.3

1.4

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—691-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the internet at the
following address:
ftp://ftp.bls.aov/Dub/SDecial.reQuests/opt/tableb10.txt

62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1999

2000

Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.P

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$13.06 $13.11 $13.14 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28 $13.29 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.44 $13.49 $13.53
14.56

14.61

14.67

14.75

14.85

14.90

14.90

14.93

14.97

14.99

15.03

15.10

15.16

16.97
16.83
13.67
12.97

17.00
16.92
13.71
13.00

16.87
16.97
13.79
13.09

17.05
17.08
13.85
13.13

16.96
17.16
13.95
13.20

17.23
17.18
14.02
13.26

17.12
17.15
14.03
13.28

17.09
17.21
14.04
13.29

17.09
17.27
14.07
13.33

16.93
17.31
14.06
13.32

17.01
17.42
14.09
13.35

17.02
17.43
14.15
13.42

17.09
17.55
14.20
13.44

12.58

12.63

12.65

12.68

12.73

12.77

12.79

12.85

12.89

12.90

12.95

12.98

13.01

15.51
14.36
8.95
14.49
13.22

15.53
14.42
8.98
14.51
13.27

15.60
14.44
9.03
14.58
13.28

15.65
14.48
9.04
14.60
13.33

15.65
14.56
9.06
14.62
13.38

15.70
14.61
9.10
14.68
13.42

15.70
14.63
9.13
14.63
13.44

15.76
14.74
9.15
14.70
13.49

15.76
14.80
9.18
14.72
13.55

15.81
14.81
9.20
14.73
13.55

15.94
14.88
9.26
14.75
13.60

15.86
14.98
9.24
14.89
13.64

15.95
14.92
9.29
14.85
13.68

7.84
8.74
7.56

7.86
8.76
7.58

7.83
8.74
7.53

7.85
8.78
7.55

7.89
8.84
7.58

7.88
8.84
7.58

7.87
8.82
7.57

7.86
8.79
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.86
8.80
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.88
8.83
7.59

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction

451.88 452.30 452.02 453.39 456.78 458.16 458.51 459.24 461.96 462.30 463.68 466.75 466.79
596.96 596.09 600.00 604.75 611.82 613.88 612.39 613.62 615.27 619.09 614.73 622.12 627.62
729.71 729.30 738.91 751.91 746.24 777.07 756.70 757.09 753.67 748.31 751.84 765.90 765.63
659.74 651.42 655.04 664.41 676.10 668.30 668.85 672.91 675.26 692.40 677.64 686.74 700.25
568.67 568.97 573.66 577.55 581.72 587.44 586.45 586.87 588.13 586.30 586.14 590.06 594.98

Manufacturing
415.14 414.26 414.92 415.90 417.54 420.13 420.79 421.48 422.79 423.12 426.06 428.34 426.73
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

607.99
552.86
261.34
(5)
432.29

607.22
553.73
260.42
(5)
432.60

608.40
554.50
261.87
(5)
431.60

607.22
554.58
263.06
(5)
433.23

607.59
561.02
264.81
(5)
437.49

610.73
561.79
264.77
(5)
439.49

608.34
567.49
263.52
(5)
439.77

606.76
571.28
265.30
(5)
443.09

603.94
568.70
265.88
(5)
444.44

613.69
572.88
269.47
(5)
444.72

610.61
578.23
269.81
(5)
447.39

271.40 271.33 269.22 270.04 272.05 271.91 271.47 270.46 271.58 271.30 271.48 272.79
358.53 357.58 357.36 360.18 364.40 364.32 362.58 361.38 361.71 363.32 359.91 363.60
249.33 248.51 247.12 247.71 248.68 249.34 249.14 248.22 248.55 248.31 249.45 250.34

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series. Data have been revised to reflect




608.79
559.10
263.65
(5)
436.19

610.89
571.44
270.34
(5)
445.97
(4)
(4)
(4)

updated seasonal adjustment factors used in the CPI-W.
4
Not available.
5
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

128,615 125,291

Total private

Production workers1

All employees
Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

88,725

85,940

90,149

87,992

88,199
389

130,718 128,125 128,782

108,455 105,379 110,046 107,843 108,096

Mining

Avg.
1999

535

547

529

519

520

404

412

402

392

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

48.7
8.0
14.6

49.4
8.2
14.6

48.2
8.4
14.7

48.0
8.5
14.6

47.6

37.0
6.7
11.0

37.4
6.8
10.9

36.9
7.2
11.3

36.6
7.3
11.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

84.8
78.9

88.7
82.9

82.7
76.8

80.1
74.4

79.2

70.2
65.1

73.6
68.5

68.3
63.2

66.1
61.2

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

293.1
126.8
162.6

309.3
132.4
172.5

292.6
124.3
165.2

291.1
123.7
164.6

291.9

214.1
76.5
134.5

226.8
78.8
144.0

217.0
77.1
137.4

214.5
76.2
135.9

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

108.7
42.8
36.1
11.6

100.0
39.1
31.9
11.5

105.3
42.0
34.5
11.5

99.9
40.1
31.7
11.4

101.2

82.3
33.5

74.1
30.0

79.5
32.6

74.5
30.7

6,273

5,695

6,291

6,022

5,975

4,849

4,320

4,848

4,589

Construction

4,530

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,433.7
742.2
28.6
663.0

1,348.8
692.9
27.0
628.9

1,443.1
741.8
29.4
671.9

1,410.6
728.5
28.5
653.6

1,396.2

998.9
501.8
11.4
485.7

927.3
459.0
10.7
457.6

1,002.5
500.4
11.7
490.4

972.2
487.6
11.1
473.5

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

861.8
263.7
598.1

728.2
184.7
543.5

832.2
235.4
596.8

761.6
197.2
564.4

755.4

719.4
215.6
503.8

591.9
139.6
452.3

688.2
187.8
500.4

620.3
151.5
468.8

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,978.0
865.0
211.5
767.8
534.7
290.2
261.4

3,617.6
832.3
182.3
738.0
482.1
276.5
219.9

4,015.9
880.0
206.7
789.9
543.1
294.6
262.5

3,850.2
868.2
192.9
777.6
524.3
287.7
242.1

3,823.2

3,131.0
637.4
175.1
604.8
463.5
218.5
205.4

2,801.2
611.8
146.5
580.7
411.8
207.4
166.7

3,157.1
649.1
169.7
624.0
470.5
222.2
205.7

2,996.0
638.1
155.5
612.5
451.6
214.6
185.1

18,432

18,472

18,375

18,280

18,292

12,662

12,679

12,630

12,545

12,569

10,985

10,998

10,980

10,935

10,951

7,511

7,505

7,512

7,471

7,494

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

826.2
76.6
180.3
139.6
37.9
324.9
129.7
93.8
28.9
28.0
55.0
101.0
76.7
88.4

812.0
76.3
180.3
139.7
37.8
314.3
125.1
90.4
28.7
27.5
54.3
99.0
77.0
87.8

827.2
76.5
179.2
138.2
38.2
328.9
130.5
96.4
29.2
28.3
54.7
99.2
74.1
88.7

819.4
75.4
178.6
137.6
38.2
326.8
130.2
95.6
29.2
28.3
53.8
97.3
72.4
87.5

817.9

677.6
61.0
157.0
121.0
33.7
260.4
101.1
76.0
24.5
24.7
47.0
80.0
63.8
72.2

665.0
59.7
156.9
121.1
33.6
251.5
96.8
73.0
24.3
24.7
46.5
79.0
64.4
71.4

677.7
62.0
156.1
119.8
34.0
262.3
101.1
78.1
24.8
24.8
46.6
78.1
61.3
72.6

669.9
60.6
155.4
119.1
34.1
260.3
100.7
77.0
24.8
24.9
45.9
76.0
59.6
71.7

668.7

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

540.1
285.7
129.9
91.0
18.3
34.7

534.2
283.9
129.5
89.9
18.7
33.9

545.1
288.6
130.7
92.1
19.1
34.9

543.5
288.5
130.8
92.1
19.6
34.3

544.4

430.7
243.2
113.1
77.8
15.3
27.0

426.2
241.1
112.5
76.5
15.7
26.3

434.9
246.8
113.9
79.2
16.3
27.3

432.9
246.6
113.9
79.2
16.6
27.0

434.1

See footnotes at end of table.




64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC
code

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Production workers'

All employees

1987
Industry

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

50.4
38.8
68.8
28.3

553.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

444.9
13.5
56.9
20.9
36.0
48.2
12.9
26.0
29.3
185.4
13.1
63.8
94.2
60.6
14.9
1.8
-

425.5
13.1
57.6
21.8
35.8
47.7
12.9
25.3
30.2
166.6
11.7
59.2
81.3
60.6
15.0
1.9
-

443.0
13.9
56.8
20.5
36.3
48.5
12.7
26.2
28.9
184.2
12.7
64.2
92.8
59.9
14.5
1.7
-

431.0
13.7
55.9
19.9
36.0
48.1
12.7
25.8
28.4
176.2
12.6
63.1
86.1
59.0
14.3
1.7
-

429.5
_

687.1
221.6
152.9
28.4
124.3
77.6
4.3
26.5
36.8
21.5
167.2
22.2
19.4
71.4
91.4
26.2

688.3
221.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

538.3
172.4
120.0
21.5
103.0
64.1
3.5
22.7
28.8
17.5
126.6
17.7
14.5
53.9
73.8
21.4

544.2
172.7
120.2
21.2
105.0
64.3
3.5
23.5
29.3
17.7
127.6
18.0
14.9
54.5
74.7
21.6

539.1
172.5
119.8
21.8
102.0
64.4
3.3
21.9
28.6
17.6
128.0
17.8
14.3
54.7
74.6
21.8

537.6
172.6
120.0
21.8
101.6
64.3
3.2
21.5
28.4
17.5
127.2
17.6
14.4
54.2
74.5
21.6

538.6
172.3
_
_
_
_
-

1,491.6
35.4
28.7
121.9
42.3
67.4
58.6
24.3
19.4
472.1
84.4
84.1
98.1
126.9
34.0
103.1
52.7
50.4
258.6
30.4
116.4
98.7

1,492.3

1,118.8
30.1
24.8
95.4
32.9
53.0
41.5
17.4
13.2
341.1
60.5
61.1
70.9
95.5
24.1
80.9
43.0
38.0
201.6
23.3
93.9
74.1

1,1246
29.9
24.6
96.4
33.2
53.4
40.9
17.5
12.6
339.4
60.7
59.0
72.7
94.3
24.2
83.0
44.3
38.7
204.4
24.4
95.4
73.8

1,125.0
29.9
24.7
94.2
33.0
52.1
41.9
17.4
13.4
345.2
61.3
62.2
70.3
97.9
24.3
80.5
42.6
37.9
203.5
23.0
95.2
75.2

1,122.3
30.2
24.9
93.7
33.0
51.6
41.4
17.4
13.0
344.3
61.1
61.8
70.8
97.9
24.1
80.6
42.6
38.0
203.9
22.7
95.4
75.8

1,123.6

71.0
50.5
93.0
42.0

71.0
49.9
92.6
41.5

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

569.4
16.8
69.6
24.1
45.5
63.0
17.5
33.6
37.3
237.7
19.9
82.0
117.6
78.1
18.9
2.2
24.8

547.9
16.6
70.5
24.9
45.6
62.2
17.3
32.9
38.1
217.5
18.3
76.9
104.2
77.8
19.0
2.2
24.3

568.2
17.2
70.0
23.5
46.5
63.3
17.4
33.8
36.7
236.6
19.6
82.8
116.1
77.6
18.6
2.0
24.8

555.7
17.0
69.0
23.0
46.0
62.9
17.4
33.5
36.2
228.2
19.3
81.6
109.2
76.6
18.4
2.0
24.6

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

689.6
222.1
153.4
28.0
126.1
77.4
4.6
27.8
37.2
21.5
167.5
22.0
19.7
72.1
90.7
26.0

696.0
223.7
154.6
27.9
128.1
77.5
4.6
28.7
37.6
21.6
167.9
22.2
20.1
72.5
91.3
26.1

690.0
222.2
153.5
28.2
124.8
111
4.4
26.9
36.9
21.6
168.5
22.2
19.3
72.6
91.8
26.4

1,488.5
35.5
28.6
124.0
42.3
69.0
58.3
24.1
19.6
467.7
83.4
82.8
98.9
124.4
33.4
103.8
53.0
50.7
256.6
31.2
115.1
96.8

1,494.1
35.3
28.4
125.1
42.9
69.3
57.8
24.0
19.4
464.3
82.8
79.9
101.5
123.3
32.8
106.1
54.5
51.6
260.1
32.5
116.9
96.6

1,494.5
35.3
28.6
122.5
42.4
67.9
59.0
24.3
19.7
472.6
84.5
84.3
97.7
126.7
34.2
102.9
52.5
50.4
257.6
30.7
116.1
97.8




Dec.
1999

50.6
39.3
69.2
29.0

69.5
47.4
93.2
40.2

65

Jan.
1999

50.5
37.1
70.2
27.3

69.2
49.0
94.6
41.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Avg.
1999

49.7
38.3
71.2
28.4

252
253
254
259

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
345
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee

Feb.
2000P

_
-

—
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

141.7
86.3
55.5
39.6
18.5
261.5
23.9
57.5

142.5
86.9
55.6
39.9
19.0
263.0
24.3
57.7

142.3
86.9
55.4
39.6
18.4
262.7
23.4
57.9

Jan.
2000P

142.1
86.9
55.2
38.0
17.4
261.8
23.6
57.2

Feb.
2000P

_
—
-

2,129.2 2,147.2 2,120 3 2,116.5 2,123.7
83.7
85.5
85.3
84.0
24.1
24.2
23.8
24.0
61.7
59.5
61.3
59.9
97.9
96.6
95.7
96.2
71.4
69.8
70.6
70.6
243.4
240.8
249.1
241.6
_
91.7
91.1
90.9
91.5
15.2
16.4
15.2
15.6
45.7
40.3
40.6
41.3
41.4
41.7
41.8
41.3
34.1
34.4
33.9
34.5
335.5
346.2
336.2
339.1
_
39.5
42.9
39.3
40.7
16.9
17.2
16.9
16.8
164.9
166.1
164.9
164.5
52.1
54.5
52.3
53.1
19.5
20.4
19.7
20.0
167.4
172.6
167.4
169.5
12.5
12.7
13.4
13.9
20.3
20.4
21.5
20.8
24.4
24.9
24.7
24.6
259.1
—
265.1
259.0
260.9
29.9
31.2
30.0
30.3
39.7
40.9
39.6
39.9
25.7
27.8
27.8
27.3
36.7
36.5
36.6
36.4
16.4
16.3
17.8
16.8
20.5
22.4
21.4
20.8
353.9
355.5
357.8
361.9
360.2
179.9
185.0
182.4
181.0
62.2
201.0
140.2
375.6
24.3
304.9

60.0
195.0
133.8
377.0
23.9
305.3

63.3
199.2
138.9
377.6
24.6
307.5

63.0
197.2
137.1
377.6
24.6
307.1

1,661.4
82.3
37.7
44.6
146.8
71.9
55.7
118.0
27.5
17.7
22.0

1,661.3
81.5
37.5
44.0
149.6
73.9
56.4
116.1
26.6
16.8
22.8

1,671.8
83.3
38.6
44.7
145.7
71.2
55.6
119.7
27.5
18.6
21.9

1,668.6
83.1
38.6
44.5
144.5
70.8
54.9
120.0
27.7
18.8
21.6

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

66

—
—
1,674.2
_
_
-

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

113.7
70.0
43.7
23.4
8.9
191.0
17.5
43.6

115.2
71.0
44.2
23.8
9.0
191.6
17.5
43.6

114.1
70.6
43.5
22.9
8.8
192.8
17.3
44.3

1,342.7
55.6
12.9
42.8
67.2
49.1
154.0
62.0
8.9
24.8
21.6
23.8
241.7
25.0
10.3
125.6
37.9
14.8
91.3
8.5
11.7
14.7
166.0
17.4
30.7
15.2
25.7
12.3
14.9
144.3
73.3

1,358.1
55.1
13.4
41.7
68.3
47.7
159.6
61.9
9.5
29.4
22.3
23.9
246.7
26.5
10.7
126.7
39.0
14.8
94.9
8.9
12.1
14.9
168.7
17.9
31.5
14.2
25.4
13.0
15.8
144.2
71.4

23.4
143.3
105.5
279.5
19.4
231.1

23.2
138.0
99.8
282.6
19.2
233.5

23.6
141.3
103.8
279.4
19.3
231.7

23.6
140.3
102.8
280.0
19.3
231.8

1,034.8
56.0
26.3
29.7
100.9
55.3
32.1
97.0
23.5
15.7
16.3

1,037.6
55.0
25.4
29.6
103.5
56.8
33.1
93.2
21.6
14.3
16.5

1,038.1
57.0
27.6
29.4
99.5
54.6
31.9
99.8
24.0
16.9
16.1

1,032.9
56.7
27.8
28.9
98.1
54.0
31.1
99.2
24.0
17.0
15.4

Jan.
2000P

113.8
70.6
43.2
22.0
8.1
192.4
17.5
43.7

Feb.
2000P

_
_
_
-

1,336.5 1,339.2 1,350.4
56.9
57.6
12.5
12.6
44.4
45.0
_
67.6
69.2
49.3
50.0
151.6
151.6
61.4
61.2
8.6
8.5
24.1
23.7
21.4
21.5
23.7
23.6
239.6
239.4
24.2
24.0
10.2
10.2
—
_
126.4
126.4
37.0
36.9
14.6
14.4
88.3
88.5
8.2
8.1
11.2
11.2
14.7
14.6
165.1
164.4
17.2
17.0
30.6
30.6
15.3
—
15.5
26.2
26.1
11.9
11.8
14.6
14.4
—
146.7
148.2
—
79.0
80.5
-

—
1,038.3
—
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees

Dec.
1999

_
_
_
_
_
649.8
_
_
_
_
-

126.9
15.1
39.3
14.9
15.6
52.8
31.9
122.2
54.4
377.7
14.6
114.0
96.8
101.2
20.6
47.4

128.5
15.5
40.3
14.8
16.0
51.4
31.7
125.3
53.0
378.1
14.3
116.0
97.6
102.6
20.4
48.4

126.9
14.3
39.5
15.0
15.7
54.4
32.2
120.1
53.2
378.8
15.0
111.6
97.9
101.6
21.2
46.6

1,836.0
1,005.3
338.8
46.2
556.9
42.3
464.9
234.7
97.1
133.1
165.4
98.1
67.3
32.3
87.6
61.2
57.5
23.2

1,839.1
1,010.4
_
_
_
461.7
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,230.4
762.4
242.0
35.9
434.1
32.8
241.4
102.7
49.5
89.2
121.4
67.9
53.5
24.5
22.6
13.8
42.4
19.4

1,235.9
747.8
236.5
34.5
427.5
32.2
257.7
110.5
51.4
95.8
124.8
74.0
50.8
26.5
23.0
14.1
40.8
18.8

831.9
150.1
296.2
38.8
64.2
74.1
275.9
110.6
95.6
32.5
70.9
6.3

830.0
148.5
295.0
38.3
64.4
74.1
276.2
110.5
96.4
32.7
71.1
6.5

830.9
_
_
_
_
-

424.2
41.2
148.7
25.9
33.1
28.6
165.9
71.5
59.7
23.9
39.5
5.2

426.0
43.3
150.5
26.6
33.6
29.3
166.6
71.7
60.0
24.3
35.9
5.4

420.2
38.1
147.0
24.9
32.8
28.2
164.1
70.7
58.6
22.9
42.9
5.2

417.5
37.0
146.9
24.5
32.9
28.2
163.3
70.6
58.5
23.2
41.7
5.4

418.5
_
_
-

389.3
49.9
37.6
16.8
103.2
31.8
71.4
29.3
19.7
10.7
170.4
76.2

386.4
48.5
36.3
16.9
103.0
31.0
72.0
29.1
19.2
10.2
169.7
76.1

386.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

268.4
33.8
24.6
13.1
68.3
20.1
48.2
20.5
15.0
8.2
117.7
48.9

261.4
34.2
24.7
12.9
64.9
19.1
45.8
20.7
14.7
7.9
114.0
47.9

268.9
33.9
24.9
13.5
69.8
20.3
49.5
20.0
14.3
7.5
117.4
49.0

266.4
32.5
23.6
13.5
69.5
19.4
50.1
20.0
14.0
7.2
116.9
48.8

267.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Dec.
1999

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

176.8
19.3
57.8
19.9
21.2
81.8
54.0
274.5
122.0
638.9
19.6
269.1
143.3
142.2
26.2
62.2

178.2
19.4
60.5
19.8
21.3
81.2
54.7
275.0
122.2
635.8
19.6
268.2
144.1
143.9
26.1
62.9

175.6
19.1
56.6
20.0
21.3
83.0
54.0
276.8
123.2
645.7
19.6
271.9
144.0
142.0
26.4
61.6

174.9
19.1
56.5
20.0
20.6
82.2
53.3
277.6
124.0
645.9
19.5
271.2
144.2
140.4
25.7
61.2

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,855.0
1,000.1
341.8
45.1
550.7
41.5
489.7
248.3
100.0
141.4
164.0
99.6
64.4
34.9
86.9
60.0
56.9
22.9

1,877.5
992.1
340.9
43.4
546.9
40.4
516.8
263.8
103.3
149.7
165.6
104.7
60.9
37.5
87.9
60.4
55.5
22.2

1,841.2
1,009.8
342.8
45.7
557.7
42.4
466.5
236.0
97.7
132.8
165.5
98.7
66.8
32.5
86.8
60.4
56.9
23.2

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

838.8
155.0
294.2
38.6
64.7
73.2
276.7
111.0
95.7
33.4
73.2
6.3

848.7
159.0
295.3
38.2
66.1
73.5
277.0
110.9
95.0
34.4
76.4
6.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

387.4
49.6
36.9
16.4
101.2
31.1
70.1
29.8
20.5
11.4
169.8
75.6

379.2
50.3
37.1
16.1
97.3
30.2
67.1
29.9
20.8
11.4
164.8
73.7

See footnotes at end of table.




67

Feb.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Jan.
1999

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

Jan.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Avg.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

_
-

125.7
14.3
39.3
15.1
14.9
53.3
31.4
120.0
53.7
379.1
14.9
111.6
98.5
100.8
20.7
46.4

1,228.4 1,221.7
770.6
775.1
240.5
244.2
36.6
36.3
442.4
443.7
33.2
33.2
222.8
225.1
92.8
94.9
47.4
47.5
82.7
82.6
123.9
123.9
67.6
68.2
55.7
56.3
23.0
23.0
22.1
22.3
13.3
13.5
43.2
42.7
19.7
19.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
1,225.4
774.8
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers'

All employees
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

7,446
1,684.7
500.9
151.5
100.5
248.9
141.0
39.1
62.4
226.5
15.7
68.8
48.7
124.3
19.0
39.8
207.3
144.9

7,474
1,665.0
499.3
151.0
98.3
250.0
138.7
38.8
62.0
209.1
17.0
55.3
44.6
125.9
19.2
39.8
207.6
145.0

7,395
1,673.8
503.6
152.6
103.2
247.8
141.2
39.5
62.7
212.0
15.2
58.5
48.1
124.5
18.9
39.9
211.7
148.1

7,345
1,654.2
499.2
152.0
101.6
245.6
139.2
38.6
62.0
206.2
14.9
56.2
46.8
123.6
18.6
39.5
209.6
146.6

7,341
1,648.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

5,151
1,256.6
426.9
126.9
79.9
220.1
97.2
32.1
37.3
189.9
12.5
57.9
42.2
88.2
11.6
26.1
142.6
89.2

5,174
1,236.1
425.2
125.9
77.6
221.7
95.4
31.8
37.0
173.2
13.3
44.8
38.3
89.0
11.7
25.9
140.4
87.0

5,118
1,248.8
430.2
128.4
82.4
219.4
98.0
32.6
38.0
175.1
12.1
47.4
41.9
87.5
11.3
26.2
148.4
93.9

5,074
1,228.9
424.3
127.2
80.8
216.3
96.3
32.1
37.4
169.6
11.7
45.1
40.5
86.8
11.1
25.8
146.6
92.5

5,075
1,224.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

62.4
93.3
5.0
3.7
8.7
50.2
34.3
183.1
32.2
97.7
174.0

62.6
97.2
5.8
3.8
9.2
52.7
34.6
180.5
31.7
96.4
172.1

63.6
96.6
5.9
3.6
9.4
50.9
34.6
182.7
32.1
97.7
166.9

63.0
93.0
5.7
3.6
8.9
49.1
34.2
180.8
31.9
97.1
168.4

53.4
72.9
3.8
2.6
7.6
39.7
23.6
89.8
19.9
40.7
125.6

53.4
76.8
4.7
2.9
8.3
41.6
23.7
87.6
19.4
39.4
124.8

54.5
75.9
4.5
2.4
8.3
40.6
24.0
92.0
19.8
43.0
117.7

54.1
73.1
4.1
2.5
7.9
39.6
23.1
88.8
19.4
41.1
120.3

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

38.6
25.7

42.7
25.7

41.7
25.9

44.2
28.8

43.2
-

28.3
17.8

33.5
18.8

30.1
17.1

31.6
18.9

30.7
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, woo!
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

561.6
64.7
59.6
10.2
21.1
143.0
16.1
35.0
40.1
9.5
21.6
61.0
28.7
18.7
65.5
82.7
59.7
16.5
53.8

577.3
68.9
61.3
11.7
21.2
148.6
16.5
35.5
43.9
10.1
22.0
62.2
29.0
19.2
65.1
84.6
61.1
16.8
53.7

551.2
62.8
59.0
9.2
21.2
136.2
15.9
33.9
36.6
8.9
20.5
60.8
28.9
18.6
66.6
82.1
59.1
16.5
53.3

546.7
62.6
58.7
8.7
21.2
134.7
15.8
33.9
35.7
8.8
20.3
59.9
28.3
18.4
66.4
82.0
59.0
16.4
52.5

546.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

475.0
57.8
50.7
8.6
17.3
120.5
13.9
30.4
34.3
8.3
17.8
50.8
24.0
15.3
54.4
73.3
53.1
14.4
41.6

488.0
61.7
52.1
9.7
17.3
125.5
14.2
30.7
37.8
8.9
18.0
51.6
24.1
15.7
54.3
74.5
54.1
14.4
41.3

465.8
56.2
50.3
7.7
17.3
114.7
13.9
29.3
31.3
7.7
17.1
50.6
24.0
15.3
54.9
73.1
52.7
14.7
41.0

461.5
56.0
50.1
7.4
17.3
113.5
13.8
29.3
30.6
7.6
16.9
49.8
23.5
15.1
54.4
72.9
52.7
14.4
40.1

461.4
—
_
-

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

684.6
23.3
156.5
29.1
53.4
25.8
203.2
18.0
30.1
16.1
139.0

709.6
24.9
168.0
32.2
58.2
27.2
210.1
19.3
30.4
17.4
143.0

658.9
22.5
149.3
26.9
50.3
25.1
193.2
15.5
29.5
14.3
133.9

650.0
22.0
147.4
26.1
50.9
24.6
193.5
15.9
29.5
14.7
133.4

652.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

545.0
18.4
129.9
24.6
45.5
22.1
157.5
13.1
23.1
11.8
109.5

566.5
19.8
140.6
27.5
50.2
23.5
164.2
14.2
23.1
13.3
113.6

522.9
17.9
122.0
22.2
42.1
21.2
149.3
10.9
22.6
10.3
105.5

515.6
17.6
120.3
21.3
42.9
20.7
149.6
11.3
22.4
10.7
105.2

519.4
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




68

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC

Industry

Production workers'

All employees

Dec.
1999

21.9
15.5
6.4
17.0
7.0
23.7
164.7
13.9
45.0
46.4

23.2
16.9
6.3
17.9
7.7
23.8
165.4
13.5
45.4
46.1

20.5
14.7
5.8
16.3
6.7
23.0
162.2
14.0
44.7
46.0

19.3
14.1
5.2
16.1
6.8
22.3
159.0
13.6
44.5
44.2

651.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

499.6
116.3
36.0
166.6
98.4
15.3
36.9
171.6
20.9
29.7
18.5

503.2
118.3
36.3
167.1
98.5
15.2
37.2
172.1
21.6
29.9
18.3

498.5
114.1
35.7
168.3
100.3
15.4
37.0
171.4
19.9
29.8
18.5

496.9
113.1
35.1
166.6
99.9
15.0
36.4
173.2
20.6
29.9
18.5

496.3
_
_
-

1,546.2
443.5
141.2
123.1
84.6
38.5
94.2
571.7
370.8
181.5
39.1
60.4
47.5

1,544.7
_
_
_
_
_
-

828.4
146.9
44.1
56.4
27.0
29.3
44.8
410.1
267.6
127.0
26.8
46.2
32.4

834.8
146.3
43.6
58.4
27.5
30.9
45.1
413.4
270.3
127.5
27.9
47.1
32.9

830.2
150.8
46.9
56.6
26.8
29.8
45.0
409.2
266.8
127.1
26.5
45.2
31.2

823.5
148.2
47.2
56.9
26.9
30.0
44.6
405.6
264.2
126.2
25.9
45.0
31.2

824.0
_
_
_
-

1,030.4
110.4
67.0
148.5
76.7
39.8
294.5
231.8
152.5
40.4
39.1
73.0
52.7
130.3
20.3
107.7
50.7
90.8

1,027.8
110.2
67.0
148.3
76.7
39.4
294.4
231.7
151.0
40.2
39.2
71.6
54.0
129.7
20.2
107.2
50.4
89.8

1,028.6

582.7
59.0
36.3
99.3
46.7
32.0
133.2
107.7
98.7
26.9
22.6
49.2
27.7
77.5
12.4
63.4
31.1
56.3

581.9
63.1
36.5
100.3
47.5
32.8
129.8
104.5
93.7
23.1
22.9
47.7
27.8
78.6
13.0
63.9
31.1
57.5

587.2
58.3
36.5
98.7
46.1
31.6
137.7
111.6
101.9
29.7
22.5
49.7
27.4
76.8
12.0
63.2
30.6
55.8

586.6
59.2
36.8
98.7
46.1
31.4
137.8
111.8
100.3
29.8
22.7
47.8
28.5
77.0
11.9
63.4
30.4
54.7

589.5
_
_
_
_
_
-

134.1
94.0
25.3

133.8
90.4
28.5

131.3
90.0
26.4

131.3
-

90.4
59.2
23.1

87.8
61.6
18.2

84.8
55.8
21.2

80.7
53.6
19.4

78.9
-

1,012.8
78.1
5.7
70.2
29.6
112.1
746.7

1,023.5
76.6
5.5
69.9
29.7
111.2
760.3

1,021.6
77.3
5.2
69.8
29.5
111.0
758.3

1,024.2
—
_
_
—

790.4
57.0
4.0
54.3
23.4
85.5
589.6

785.6
58.1
4.2
54.1
23.4
85.5
583.7

797.7
58.4
4.1
53.9
23.3
85.9
595.4

796.7
59.4
4.1
53.8
23.2
85.6
593.8

800.5
_
_
_
—

Dec.
1999

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

27.2
19.5
7.7
20.9
8.0
30.1
208.1
17.7
53.3
60.0

29.0
21.3
7.7
22.1
8.7
30.4
210.1
17.4
54.1
60.1

25.3
18.3
7.0
19.7
7.7
29.4
204.6
17.7
52.7
59.5

24.0
17.7
6.3
19.5
7.9
28.8
200.4
17.1
52.4
57.1

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

659.0
148.8
46.9
214.7
131.3
17.0
45.8
237.1
44.6
38.1
24.1

662.4
151.2
47.2
215.6
131.6
16.9
46.0
236.6
44.9
38.5
23.8

655.1
145.8
46.3
215.3
132.5
17.1
45.6
236.5
43.9
37.9
24.2

652.6
144.5
45.5
213.8
132.5
16.6
44.9
237.6
43.6
37.9
24.2

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,553.3
442.2
140.6
122.5
85.1
37.4
92.1
578.3
376.3
182.3
40.0
60.9
48.9

1,557.9
440.4
139.2
124.9
85.7
39.2
92.3
581.3
379.3
182.0
41.3
61.9
49.4

1,555.1
446.7
141.3
123.2
84.9
38.3
92.9
577.4
375.0
182.7
39.7
60.2
47.9

1,034.7
111.5
67.6
151.2
77.7
40.5
289.5
227.4
152.4
39.7
40.0
72.6
53.1
133.9
21.0
110.6
51.6
91.6

1,035.2
112.9
68.3
153.3
78.4
41.3
285.2
223.8
150.5
39.3
40.6
70.6
52.5
135.9
21.8
111.8
51.7
93.2

137.4
92.1
3G.4
1,018.6
77.0
5.4
70.4
29.7
111.4
754.5

:

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
2819
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .... 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

See footnotes at end of table.




Feb.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Jan.
1999

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

Jan.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Avg.
1999

C*r\r\a

69

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

73.7
10.8
31.4
17.9
7.3
7.9

76.9
11.4
32.9
18.8
7.8
8.4

71.3
10.7
29.6
17.4
6.7
7.9

70.7
10.8
29.3
17.1
6.6
8.0

7.8

8.3

7.1

6.9

6,792

6,646

6,949

6,828

4,306
230.7
205.1

4,557
226.3
199.4

4,437
226.5
199.6

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

69.5

54.6
8.8
24.8
13.6
6.0
5.8
4.0

56.8
9.3
26.4
14.5
6.4
5.4
4.5

52.1
8.6
23.1
13.1
5.6
5.8
3.4

51.8
8.8
22.9
12.9
5.4
5.9
3.3

50.3

6,833

5,630

5,524

5,767

5,640

5,648

441.3
219.8

443.1
214.4

463.0
222.9

458.5
223.9

24.8

24.1

25.4

24.9

1,589.3
1,437.4
146.9

1,526.0
1,379.1
142.1

1,618.4
1,459.6
153.2

1,578.8
1,422.2
151.6

104.2

98.1

101.4

100.2

4,445

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

40
4011

4,425
230.2
203.5

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

482.1
242.3
31.4
28.1
145.9

483.2
236.7
31.0
27.1
156.9

503.2
245.2
32.2
28.8
163.7

498.2
245.9
32.0
28.3
161.0

500.8

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air..
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,812.9
1,630.9
176.4

1,746.5
1,570.9
170.3

1,842.4
1,652.2
184.0

1,805.7
1,616.9
182.7

1,804.8

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

180.9
15.1
119.9

173.3
15.1
113.4

176.4
15.2
116.4

172.5
15.2
114.9

172.5

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,237.3
1,051.5
557.6
136

1,198.9
1,018.7
543.6
132

1,322.6
1,134.2
573.9
138

1,253.5
1,065.2
571.0
138

1,258.0

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

13.3

13.7

13.1

13.0

12.9

11.0

11.2

10.5

10.2

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

468.6
221.8
173.7
195.1

459.8
219.0
172.3
188.5

472.8
219.8
172.6
201.9

467.5
216.4
170.1
200.1

468.8

383.9
185.8
145.7
155.4

375.6
183.5
144.3
148.8

387.3
183.5
144.4
161.4

383.4
180.2
141.9
160.7

2,366

2,340

2,392

2,391

2,388

1,521.9
1,047.7
886.2
247.5
116.6
131.0
189.2

1,494.6
1,026.8
866.2
246.9
116.6
130.3
184.6

1,550.9
1,067.2
902.7
249.7
117.6
132.1
195.5

1,553.8
1,069.9
904.9
248.9
116.3
132.6
196.7

1,553.9

1,097.8
726.9
601.6
201.8

1,103.1
737.2
612.6
201.0

1,113.2
736.0
606.7
203.2

1,117.8
741.7
611.6
201.7

153.8

150.2

157.8

158.8

844.6
361.5
131.7
153.3
164.3

845.2
361.2
133.7
155.1
162.2

841.1
358.0
129.6
152.5
167.3

837.1
358.0
128.3
150.8
167.0

833.7

678.4
290.8
103.5
121.5
136.0

680.3
293.3
103.9
122.8
134.3

674.3
285.8
102.4
121.6
138.0

668.3
285.9
101.4
119.7
135.2

7,004

6,868

7,082

7,048

7,058

5,615

5,500

5,670

5,629

4,146
532.4
158.7
293.8
170.9
82.5
88.4

4,065
521.0
153.3
289.1
168.4
82.0
86.4

4,201
533.7
160.7
293.7
175.1
84.0
91.1

4,189
531.3
161.2
291.0
176.6
84.9
91.7

4,196

3,276
419.3

3,209
411.8

3,321
422.4

3,307
421.4

135.6

134.6

138.9

139.1

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

See footnotes at end of table.




70

Feb.
2000P

226.7

5,635

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

275.9
139.5
42.3
981.6
210.2
418.5
203.8
154.6
553.9
237.6
50.3
266.0
307.3
110.1
121.8
838.8
94.0
122.5
332.6
157.1
330.2
119.7

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

229.4
—
_
781.7
_

217.3
_
748.3
_
160.8
123.3
400.4
_
_
248.3
_
662.8
_
_
261.7
-

231.5
_
809.8
_
168.1
126.2
400.3
_
_
252.0
_
670.8
_
_
268.9
-

228.2
_
806.3
_
169.2
126.1
398.6
—
253.3
_
670.7
_
_
262.8
-

2,291
235.7
207.5
182.5
778.4
-

2,322
242.0
218.7
176.8
785.2
-

_
86.5
114.8
127.4
_
126.1
_
_
432.1
-

2,349
240.9
220.8
178.6
793.3
_
_
87.5
116.0
125.7
_
134.1
_
_
451.7
-

_
86.5
115.7
125.1
_
132.7
_
_
439.7
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

20,040

19,415

20,861

19,879

19,724

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

262.3
134.6
39.2
952.0
205.9
403.3
198.0
153.3
549.0
233.0
49.4
266.6
303.3
110.2
119.0
831.1
92.4
119.3
333.6
155.6
324.3
118.8

279.1
141.2
43.5
1,010.4
213.0
435.0
209.9
157.5
561.6
244.0
51.9
265.7
309.2
109.3
124.0
841.0
94.0
121.0
333.2
159.3
333.0
122.5

276.3
141.1
42.3
1,010.0
212.9
434.0
211.4
157.8
560.8
245.1
50.9
264.8
310.4
110.3
124.5
839.5
93.3
120.8
331.6
159.1
326.0
121.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,858
289.3
170.5
258.0
225.9
936.8
286.7
57.4
104.2
109.9
161.0
153.5
62.8
90.7
162.6
102.6
60.1
561.2
166.8

2,803
284.0
167.9
248.4
224.5
929.6
286.4
56.9
104.5
107.6
158.0
154.9
63.6
91.3
156.2
99.1
57.1
539.3
160.2

2,881
293.1
174.6
267.6
223.6
943.9
288.1
58.7
99.5
107.9
162.8
153.1
62.6
90.5
167.0
103.4
63.6
562.2
159.9

2,859
293.2
174.6
267.3
221.7
937.2
288.5
58.2
99.1
106.7
162.6
151.7
62.1
89.6
165.4
102.8
62.6
553.0
158.0

2,862
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,338
239.1
213.6
183.7
786.4
_
_
_
89.2
116.2
126.0
_
131.1
_
_
452.7
-

22,787

22,155

23,621

22,617

22,490

164.5
123.8
399.1
_
_
_
251.6
_
668.8
_
_
_
266.9
-

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

987.3
603.6
66.9
168.9
102.1

918.4
568.0
63.7
164.6
78.1

992.3
610.7
67.4
172.2
98.2

960.2
601.0
67.5
167.2
82.0

958.7
_
_
-

822.9
512.4
49.6
140.2
85.4

758.0
477.9
47.6
136.2
61.9

827.5
519.9
49.6
144.2
81.2

796.9
511.0
49.8
139.6
65.8

_
_
_
-

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,774.6
2,472.1
119.0
183.5

2,782.8
2,475.3
117.5
190.0

3,095.5
2,754.4
135.8
205.3

2,809.2
2,500.7
117.9
190.6

2,719.2
2,425.1
-

2,593.7
2,331.9
102.3
159.5

2,592.8
2,327.2
101.0
164.6

2,919.3
2,618.4
118.2
182.7

2,634.8
2,363.7
102.4
168.7

_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,483.1
3,059.2
48.0
14.4
206.2

3,465.3
3,057.5
46.6
13.3
204.9

3,544.3
3,096.8
53.0
16.2
209.2

3,468.7
3,059.7
43.7
14.3
202.1

3,450.7
_
-

3,151.8
2,789.1
_
_
179.1

3,134.0
2,787.9
_
_
177.2

3,208.8
2,820.6
_
182.5

3,129.9
2,780.7
_
_.
174.3

_
_
_
_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,405.7
1,081.4

2,346.7
1,054.5

2,420.0
1,093.8

2,411.3
1,092.5

2,416.2
1,098.5

1,998.9
907.4

1,941.8
883.9

2,009.1
917.6

2,003.3
916.3

_

See footnotes at end of table.




71

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Jan.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

553
554
559

405.3
701.5
10.1

399.6
690.4
10.0

405.6
704.7
10.0

399.5
703.2
10.0

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,179.8
79.6
276.4
404.1
221.3

1,156.0
83.3
272.4
391.3
216.6

1,293.6
86.3
291.1
464.9
235.2

1,188.5
80.8
271.1
410.7
221.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,085.0
548.7
320.7
68.3
468.0
200.8
91.7

1,063.8
538.0
312.4
68.7
457.1
195.8
89.8

1,147.5
578.7
331.4
69.8
499.0
218.9
102.1

Eating and drinking places

58

7,904.3

7,506.8

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
2,967.5 2,915.6
591
674.9
665.2
592
110.9
108.8
593
126.3
123.2
594
1,051.3 1,048.4
5941
195.0
192.2
140.6
5942
148.7
96.2
5943
97.2
152.1
5944
157.7
243.1
5947
234.0
5949
46.9
48.8
345.5
341.5
596
228.3
224.1
5961
5962
67.3
66.8
598
97.6
100.8
561.1
527.7
599
159.4
150.1
5992,3,4
72.3
5995
70.0
329.4
5999
307.6

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

Feb.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

313.9
603.0
8.4

301.9
595.6
8.2

321.4
597.4
8.3

317.4
596.8
8.3

1,142.8

987.6
64.2
228.1
358.2
175.9

969.6
67.7
226.0
349.5
170.0

1,090.6
70.6
241.8
412.7
188.8

988.7
65.1
222.9
359.2
175.9

1,111.8
561.5
329.0
68.1
482.2
209.9
94.3

1,107.7

896.4
448.2

879.3
439.3

961.7
477.8

923.7
460.5

55.5
392.7
167.4
77.7

55.9
384.1
164.2
76.3

57.5
426.4
184.6
90.0

55.5
407.7
175.9
81.5

7,922.4

7,653.3

7,710.2

7,099.7

6,706.7

7,119.5

6,866.3

3,205.5
694.8
114.5
129.4
1,194.2
211.8
156.7
97.1
167.9
265.3
46.8
384.9
267.8
67.3
101.7
586.0
170.2
73.5
342.3

3,014.4
692.4
110.5
129.6
1,071.1
199.8
151.4
97.1
162.7
238.2
44.5
350.9
235.5
67.6
101.5
558.4
158.1
72.2
328.1

2,984.1

2,489.1
575.8

2,433.1
556.9

2,724.5
602.4

2,535.3
598.6

105.4
884.5

102.6
883.5

108.2
1,023.3

108.2
902.6

293.1

288.5

330.7

299.3

80.2
460.2

83.6
429.5

83.8
482.3

83.5
453.6

56.3
268.7

54.8
248.7

56.1
279.9

55.6
264.4

5,589

5,510

5,587

5,548

1,472.2
1,038.1
427.6
610.5

1,470.5
1,038.9
423.2
615.7

1,470.4
1,035.8
427.4
608.4

1,464.9
1,032.2
425.9
606.3

148.0

145.4

151.1

150.5

483.2
105.5

483.7
106.4

472.8
105.3

465.2
104.3

99.3

96.6

101.7

102.4

7,632

7,514

7,664

7,618

7,623

3,706

3,669

3,725

3,712

3,713

2,046.5 2,047.6 2,042.1
1,464.7 1,468.4 1,460.0
594.0
594.6
588.7
870.6
865.4
879.7
255.7
252.2
257.4
148.9
146.6
149.8
106.8
105.6
107.6
185.9
189.6
182.3

2,036.4
1,455.5
592.8
862.7
249.6
144.6
105.0
189.7

2,030.6
1,450.7

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

713.7
193.3
132.1
364.7

704.2
189.7
131.0
359.9

710.1
197.3
134.2
354.3

703.9
196.8
133.6
350.1

702.9

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

679.1
506.6

660.5
492.8

700.9
523.5

701.3
523.5

707.0

622,3
628

25.6
146.9

26.2
141.5

25.7
151.7

25.3
152.5

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

266.2
115.5

256.4
111.8

272.0
118.5

270.4
117.5

See footnotes at end of table.




72

Jan.
2000P

Avg.
1999

248.1

349.4

272.9

Feb.
2000P

5,550

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Jan.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

1,250.0
368.9
294.0
243.2
448.7

1,238.1
364.8
290.6
240.5
443.5

1,255.3
376.5
296.2
245.8
452.6

1,248.6
372.6
296.2
244.7
450.7

39,305

33,937

32,580

34,384

33,770

640.3
170.4
425.7

527.8
165.4
317.4

598.0
172.4
382.9

546.4
171.4
332.4

1,523.5

1,431.9

1,472.1

1,439.2

381.5

379.9

384.1

380.5

370.3

364.8

377.1

371.0

159.6

212.9

139.7

225.8

8,056.5
199.8

7,623.9
194.0

8,369.4
206.4

8,097.4
205.0

69.1
878.6
73.2
805.4
215.1
31.4
43.6
140.1

68.7
848.5
69.6
778.9
199.6
29.9
41.8
127.9

70.1
889.6
72.4
817.2
216.6
32.0
43.3
141.3

70.1
878.9
70.6
808.3
210.3
32.5
41.5
136.3

2,912.2
1,425.9
344.4

2,663.0
1,377.8
337.0

3,081.6
1,470.3
349.0

2,855.2
1,481.1
351.2

142.7

138.9

146.1

144.6

87.5
46.4
1,675.8
570.8
52.2

83.0
45.2
1,626.2
555.3
52.3

92.7
47.5
1,723.7
595.5
52.9

94.3
44.0
1,713.8
592.5
52.8

963.3
168.9
112.8
65.5
524.2
189.2
217.6

930.5
163.1
107.3
62.6
504.5
185.2
205.9

979.0
169.9
113.7
68.2
538.3
192.4
227.8

973.4
167.4
112.1
65.2
536.2
192.6
227.5

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

63,64

2,402

2,378

2,418

2,401

2,400

Insurance carriers '.
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,634.6
545.5
367.4
299.9
553.4
90.9

1,623.9
540.3
363.9
296.1
548.7
94.0

1,640.2
552.0
370.2
303.4
557.6
83.2

1,628.5
545.5
368.3
301.7
555.7
82.0

1,625.5

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

767.0

754.1

777.7

772.5

774.2

65
651
653
655

1,525
584.0
771.0
129.4

1,467
578.8
731.4
116.2

1,521
580.7
777.3
124.2

1,505
570.4
775.2
121.6

1,510

39,000

37,482

39,535

38,911

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
Services
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

758.6
201.8
503.2

633.7
195.7
383.8

717.9
204.3
461.2

664.5
203.5
408.3

660.8

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,798.6
1,736.7

1,679.7
1,636.9

1,728.6
1,684.2

1,694.5
1,650.2

1,705.0

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,205.9
433.8
51.9
420.0
99.8
186.6

1,250.0
432.2
45.7
415.2
100.1
242.4

1,201.6
437.1
57.0
426.6
100.1
167.4

1,273.7
433.7
45.4
420.0
99.6
260.9

1,293.9

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

9,123.4
281.2
184.9
149.8
324.6
84.1
988.2
91.2
897.0
267.9
39.4
51.4
177.1
3,404.7
388.0
3,016.7
1,780.7
406.3
293.4
197.6
277.1
115.7
62.4
1,926.4
619.8
63.0
79.4

8,642.5
272.4
178.7
146.9
319.0
82.2
956.7
87.0
869.7
252.6
38.8
49.5
164.3
3,117.4
361.7
2,755.7
1,709.3
393.3
272.3
190.0
268.6
109.1
61.3
1,868.2
602.6
64.1
75.5

9,468.7
289.0
190.9
154.1
328.7
84.9
998.3
90.6
907.7
268.9
39.2
51.0
178.7
3,605.3
411.7
3,193.6
1,843.8
415.5
312.6
202.7
282.6
123.7
61.9
1,980.6
646.2
62.9
84.6

9,190.5
288.8
191.7
154.1
322.4
84.5
987.0
88.8
898.2
263.0
39.4
49.3
174.3
3,358.1
388.8
2,969.3
1,849.5
417.6
316.7
199.8
284.5
125.8
56.8
1,967.6
642.4
62.6
78.6

9,224.2

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,184.5
207.8
137.6
74.9
663.2
233.3
281.6

1,155.2
201.3
131.6
72.2
647.2
228.5
274.7

1,195.6
209.1
138.5
111
673.3
236.9
287.5

1,189.2
207.3
137.2
74.2
670.6
237.0
286.7

See footnotes at end of table.




73

993.4

3,357.9
2,968.8
1,855.8

1,199.0

Feb.
2000P

34,154

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

All employees

Production workers'

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

754
7542

238.7
134.3

234.5
125.9

235.5
135.2

237.1
136.4

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

396.7
118.7

387.4
114.3

402.5
122.2

398.3
120.2

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

600.1
265.4
144.2
170.5

570.1
247.7
137.7
167.6

614.4
270.1
146.1
177.8

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,695.9
82.0
1,268.4
190.2
358.7

1,417.5
86.5
1,035.8
181.8
263.7

1,563.0
87.7
1,146.4
195.5
320.3

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

9,972.6
1,865.2
666.6
452.4
166.7
1,755.1
1,342.7
201.8
210.6
3,969.7
3,659.8
81.7
228.2
202.1
654.6

Legal services

81

1,001.9

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

204.8
119.0

200.3
111.2

202.6
119.5

204.6
120.9

-

401.3
-

324.8
-

316.5
-

328.9
-

326.0
-

-

606.8
265.9
141.9
178.5

610.1
_
_
-

506.7
226.7
137.2

476.4
206.3
_
135.5

518.3
229.4
144.4

512.6
226.2
145.2

_
_
-

1,501.6
86.3
1,103.7
195.8
280.3

1,536.4
_
_
-

1,480.8
72.6
1,112.5
169.3
314.6

1,213.3
77.1
887.1
161.0
224.1

1,348.7
77.9
990.8
175.3
277.2

1,285.4
76.3
947.8
174.5
238.0

_
-

9,876.4 10052.0 10025.7 10035 7
1,836.5 1,890.2 1,890.0 1,891.2
673.2
675.0
656.5
_
458.1
453.9
449.0
164.6
167.9
165.5
1,751.0 1,761.3 1,755.2 1,756.8
1,340.9 1,346.7 1,341.7
202.1
199.6
202.3
_
211.2
212.5
210.5
3,945.6 3,986.2 3,984.5 3,983.9
3,641.2 3,671.5 3,669.7
82.8
83.5
80.5
_
231.9
231.3
223.9
204.6
204.8
200.5
650.4
661.5
652.9
640.3

8,831.5
1,534.5
582.7
377.0
1,576.9

8,741.7
1,509.1
573.1
374.6
1,572.5

8,904.8
1,558.8
591.0
382.2
1,582.5

8,879.0
1,559.2
588.8
379.0
1,576.0

180.2
_
3,637.7
602.4

178.8
_
3,613.5
589.0

179.8
_
3,651.9
_
608.1

180.1
_
3,649.5
597.2

_
_
_
-

800.5

786.1

807.7

806.3

-

983.7

1,013.6

1,010.6

Feb.
2000P

-

1,010.1

Feb.
2000P

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,269.5
688.1
1,281.8
93.8

2,167.9
681.2
1,212.2
88.4

2,427.9
723.1
1,397.4
100.0

2,243.7
716.7
1,221.4
97.4

2,433.2
_
-

_
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,782.3
755.0
390.4
632.3
780.7
224.0

2,701.8
729.5
368.3
627.8
760.2
216.0

2,857.0
775.0
392.4
658.9
799.1
231.6

2,846.1
769.7
389.0
659.4
796.9
231.1

2,868.9
667.1
801.6
-

2,403.0
655.2
336.3
555.8
675.6
180.1

2,335.0
632.8
317.9
552.7
657.8
173.8

2,464.9
671.8
335.5
580.0
691.1
186.5

2,452.8
667.2
333.1
578.1
688.4
186.0

_
-

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

94.4

86.0

93.1

87.8

88.2

-

-

-

-

-

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,401.6
111.6
65.7
146.2
472.7

2,347.0
109.6
62.7
141.5
435.2

2,404.4
113.4
67.7
150.5
465.3

2,382.0
111.5
67.5
141.0
454.2

2,400.9
_
_
-

_
47.8
_
-

45.5
_
-

_
49.1
_
-

_
49.0
-

-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,419.5
943.9
712.7
168.6
62.5
668.8

3,291 0
915.5
690.6
164.5
60.4
658.7

3,498.0
959.1
724.7
170.9
63.5
671.8

3,499.5
959.2
724.5
172.0
62.7
683.7

3,540.8
962.1
_
_
_
—

2,562.8
772.4
589.6
132.2
50.6
460.9

2,490.6
749.8
572.0
128.9
48.9
459.9

2,615.5
785.0
600.4
133.6
51.0
465.3

2,620.8
783.9
599.4
134.5
50.0
478.5

See footnotes at end of table.




74

_
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

649.0
244.2
149.7
152.3
1,157.9
380.8
431.4
47.7

627.7
237.3
145.9
144.7
1,089.1
359.8
404.0
45.0

659.7
248.9
152.9
154.2
1,207.4
397.9
453.0
49.5

652.9
248.8
149.4
151.6
1,203.7
399.1
449.5
50.2

56.8

54.7

58.7

58.9

59.4

20,160

19,912

20,672

20,282

20,686

2,669

2,677

2,677

2,644

2,672

Executive, by agency4
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,606.7
640.3
872.5
1,093.9
30.4
31.5

2,616.2
646.9
875.3
1,094.0
30.0
31.2

2,615.6
629.7
914.4
1,071.5
30.1
31.4

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,796.1

1,802.1

1,762.7

1,780.2

1,809.6

3731

47.4
21.1

48.1
21.2

46.1
20.4

45.9
20.4

806

13.5
345.5
218.6

13.4
341.1
221.0

13.5
340.7
216.2

13.4
338.8
216.6

4,695
87.9
53.1
2,677.1
348.2
1,952.5
212.2

4,580
86.8
52.7
2,599.1
348.9
1,880.2
210.9

4,814
86.8
52.7
2,799.8
346.0
2,078.6

4,642
86.9
52.5
2,625.2
345.5
1,907.9

211.4

211.4

164.2

159.1
163.8

160.4

1,877.2
2,742.9

1,841.2
2,699.6

1,875.1
2,735.8

1,877.6
2,734.3

2,747.7

12,796
457.8
8,471.2
646.4
7,264.8
142.2

12,655
452.2
8,467.8
639.9
7,307.4
139.7

13,181
461.7
8,885.4
650.1
7,688.8
140.3

12,996
462.0
8,721.7
650.8
7,527.0
139.6

13,187

417.8

380.8

406.2

404.3

3,867.2
5,531.4

3,735.2
5,347.8

3,833.6
5,491.9

3,812.5
5,469.2

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
Federal Government4

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

806
82

806
82

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




Feb.
2000P

1,209.8

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

477.9
151.0
123.5
119.8
851.5
281.5
313.0
31.2

476.0
162.1
119.6
113.4
804.9
267.0
294.8
29.7

477.2
145.1
127.1
121.0
888.0
295.0
327.5
32.2

471.5
146.2
123.3
118.5
886.9
297.0
325.4
32.9

44.7

43.1

46.1

46.3

Feb.
2000P

4,827

2,079.2

7,701.2

5,485.4

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Avg.
1999

Dec.
1998

Oct.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999

62,264

62,308

63,105

63,513

63,716

50,937

50,825

51,461

51,739

51,958

6,632

6,686

6,651

6,638

6,622

78

82

75

74

74

699

675

718

714

710

5,855

5,929

5,858

5,850

5,838

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

2,928
149.4
172.2
102.7
101.0
338.4
465.8
675.9
404.1
349.0
169.4

2,948
146.6
170.4
104.2
103.0
338.5
472.6
685.9
407.8
351.3
167.9

2,929
151.6
174.1
102.0
100.3
339.5
462.7
676.4
402.4
346.3
173.2

2,933
152.0
174.8
102.6
100.6
340.3
466.1
677.1
400.6
346.6
172.2

2,937
151.0
175.4
102.7
100.8
340.5
468.8
679.7
402.3
346.3
169.6

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,927
554.5
12.3
260.1
492.0
160.6
699.3
336.0
24.2
348.8
39.1

2,981
555.7
13.8
270.9
525.4
161.3
706.6
334.5
24.1
346.6
41.9

2,929
570.7
13.3
255.6
479.7
160.5
698.9
336.9
23.7
351.0
38.6

2,917
562.4
13.3
255.2
474.7
160.8
700.4
337.0
23.2
351.3
38.4

2,901
553.3
13.9
254.5
469.9
160.9
700.4
335.8
23.4
350.8
37.7

55,632

55,622

56,454

56,875

57,094

Transportation and public utilities

2,075

2,050

2,113

2,132

2,144

Wholesale trade

2,152

2,130

2,183

2,192

2,195

11,984

12,336

12,040

12,291

12,498

4,771

4,722

4,776

4,781

4,793

Services

23,323

22,901

23,698

23,705

23,706

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,327
1,132
2,420
7,775

11,483
1,162
2,442
7,879

11,644
1,119
2,502
8,023

11,774
1,128
2,520
8,126

11,758
1,147
2,496
8,115

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




76

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B:14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

1,883.9
470.9
177.0
223.6
161.6
80.7

1,955.1
492.4
183.5
230.0
169.8
84.9

1,928.6
485.1
180.9
226.4
166.8
82.9

257.5
125.1

268.4
132.2

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

2,094.6
1,479.5
324.6

Arkansas
,
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

January
1999

December
1999

10.2
2.5

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

3.1

2.9

2.8

98.8
27.9
6.2
17.5
8.5
5.3

261.7
128.1

10.0
2.9

9.1
2.5

9.0
2.5

10.7
5.9

12.2
6.6

10.9
6.0

2,239.4
1,580.2
349.5

2,197.0
1,546.6
344.4

12.6
5.2
2.1

10.1
2.9
1.8

9.9
2.8
1.8

146.5
107.6
20.0

158.5
115.5
22.6

156.6
114.6
22.2

1,111.9
141.5
97.0
307.3
35.7

1,161.0
151.9
101.3
317.8
36.8

1,137.7
148.4
101.0
313.2
36.4

3.1
.7

46.1
5.4
3.8
14.7
.8

50.9
6.2
4.0
15.5
.8

48.8
5.9
4.0
14.9
.8

13,574.9
184.3
274.9
3,914.2
135.1
978.6
1,310.8
902.8
662.5
121.4
1,116.4
1,015.9
949.6
154.4
172.4
170.5
157.0
255.4

14,309.0
192.9
292.4
4,091.0
144.0
1,034.4
1,375.8
965.7
704.5
129.6
1,172.0
1,067.6
982.6
163.0
183.5
181.1
168.8
270.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

2,068.2
164.0
225.9
1,100.3

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Alaska
Anchorage

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

3.2

3.1
(1)

9.6
2.1

9.6
2.2
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)
.7

.7

106.0
29.5
6.7
18.9
8.9
6.1

104.3
29.4
6.6
18.4
8.8
5.8

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

14,053.5
190.9
286.8
4,009.7
141.6
1,009.3
1,360.2
960.0
692.6
126.5
1,160.0
1,048.0
970.6
159.4
179.8
176.8
164.3
265.3

24.1
8.3
.3
4.6
2
( )
2.5
.8
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.9
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.5
8.3
.4
4.3
2
( )
2.4
.7
.9
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.4
8.2
.4
4.2
2
( )
2.4
.6
.9
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.1

627.6
9.5
14.5
119.5
8.1
56.2
68.5
64.8
38.3
5.9
62.2
38.5
42.3
7.3
10.5
9.0
10.7
13.5

702.9
10.0
16.4
128.7
9.6
63.2
76.8
73.6
45.0
6.6
68.0
44.6
46.9
8.0
12.3
10.5
12.5
15.0

686.0
9.6
15.8
125.0
9.3
60.6
76.3
73.6
43.5
6.4
67.8
43.5
45.5
7.8
11.9
10.1
12.1
14.6

2,194.7
174.9
240.2
1,163.2

2,167.5
171.3
234.3
1,143.6

13.5
(1)
(1)
6.4

12.9
(1)
(1)
5.6

12.9
(1)
(1)
5.6

131.1
7.2
12.5
69.9

152.4
8.3
14.2
80.6

151.7
8.2
14.3
81.0

1,633.3
183.1
87.2
600.8
253.2
136.6
205.3
85.0

1,708.7
191.4
91.3
621.4
264.2
140.6
212.9
89.5

1,659.5
185.6
88.5
603.4
255.6
138.1
209.3
87.0

.7

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

55.3
5.9
3.8
18.9
8.9
4.7
5.7
3.0

62.6
6.9
4.1
22.6
10.0
5.0
6.5
3.5

57.4
6.1
3.9
20.4
8.9
4.7
6.0
3.2

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

396.4
53.9
311.1

421.9
57.1
328.2

407.5
55.4
317.0

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

22.0
2.4
16.0

24.2
2.7
17.9

23.0
2.5
16.7

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

604.2
2,548.3

623.4
2,691.6

610.5
2,637.8

.1
1.1

.1
1.2

.1
1.1

8.4
128.8

9.4
143.4

9.0
137.8

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,726.1
153.7
649.5
161.6
115.7
525.4
177.1
180.7
976.3
849.6
151.7
256.1
153.3
1,127.8
467.0

7,105.1
159.7
679.8
168.7
121.4
553.1
184.1
189.2
1,022.8
915.0
160.0
273.1
161.7
1,193.8
491.9

7,014.9
158.5
669.6
167.3
118.7
542.1
183.3
188.4
1,000.2
900.1
158.4
271.2
157.8
1,181.6
486.1

6.1

354.7
8.2
35.3
14.6
4.4
28.1
9.8
9.7
33.9
46.9
10.6
13.9
6.3
54.8
26.9

371.5
8.2
37.7
15.5
4.8
29.4
9.8
10.8
35.5
49.9
11.1
14.9
6.5
56.4
27.6

370.0
8.1
37.1
15.5
4.8
28.5
9.8
10.8
35.2
49.8
11.0
14.9
6.5
55.3
27.7

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
,
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.




77

.7

.8

(2)

6.2
(2)
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)

6.0
(2)

(2)
.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
2.6

(2)

.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.6

2.5
(2)
.2

.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.4

(2)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(2)
.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.4
(2)

.4
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

371.4
51.1
36.5
27.4
18.4
12.9

366.5
51.2
35.1
26.0
18.8
13.3

366.5
51.0
35.1
25.9
18.9
13.2

91.8
30.5
4.3
12.8
7.0
2.4

96.2
31.8
4.5
13.6
7.4
2.5

95.7
31.3
4.4
13.3
7.5
2.4

431.7
114.8
35.8
57.4
36.9
18.4

463.6
124.4
37.7
61.0
40.1
20.2

449.0
120.4
37.0
59.0
38.6
19.3

10.8
1.9

8.3
2.0

10.3
2.0

23.6
12.8

25.1
13.9

24.7
13.8

52.8
30.0

56.8
31.9

53.6
30.3

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

209.1
164.7
28.4

212.8
164.5
32.5

212.2
163.7
32.3

99.7
76.2
11.5

107.4
82.7
12.4

106.4
81.4
12.2

500.0
357.0
69.1

535.5
382.7
74.6

520.9
371.7
72.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

250.6
33.5
27.6
32.7
8.5

253.4
35.1
29.0
33.2
8.6

252.4
35.0
29.0
33.0
8.7

67.5
10.1
6.4
20.9
1.8

71.2
10.8
6.7
21.8
1.8

69.4
10.6
6.7
21.7
1.8

253.4
40.9
19.2
70.7
7.1

270.8
43.9
20.6
74.6
7.3

261.4
42.7
20.3
72.0
7.1

1,894.9
9.5
29.2
641.7
24.2
115.8
227.3
114.0
46.2
9.8
126.9
75.0
250.7
16.7
28.5
21.4
18.7
37.7

1,916.8
9.9
30.0
637.4
24.0
117.9
229.4
120.8
48.9
10.5
129.7
74.8
246.2
16.3
30.1
22.4
20.8
39.1

1,901.2
10.1
29.3
632.6
23.7
117.6
230.2
120.7
47.5
10.0
129.0
73.6
244.6
15.7
29.8
22.1
20.4
39.4

696.7
11.0
13.3
227.8
5.1
62.9
47.3
46.8
27.0
5.2
50.3
80.0
27.6
5.0
6.1
12.3
5.8
11.0

736.5
11.3
13.8
240.1
6.0
67.6
49.0
50.7
28.0
5.5
53.4
82.7
29.0
5.1
6.8
12.8
5.8
12.0

725.9
11.2
13.6
237.1
5.6
65.9
48.4
50.0
27.6
5.3
52.9
82.0
28.7
4.8
6.7
12.5
5.7
12.0

3,111.5
43.0
66.4
867.9
35.0
224.3
324.7
225.8
139.9
31.7
248.5
211.7
186.3
37.4
40.8
40.8
39.6
59.9

3,340.9
45.9
71.7
917.2
37.6
241.4
344.3
242.7
151.2
34.6
264.3
227.9
196.9
40.9
44.1
44.0
43.4
64.6

3,209.2
44.9
68.2
887.8
36.4
230.7
334.5
235.6
144.9
33.2
258.1
221.2
190.8
39.5
42.6
42.2
41.4
62.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

204.2
32.9
27.6
90.7

203.4
32.7
27.9
89.9

202.7
32.5
28.1
89.7

137.0
4.3
13.2
96.7

143.5
5.4
13.5
101.9

143.0
5.4
13.6
100.3

494.3
34.2
49.5
261.4

528:0
36.3
53.9
277.7

516.3
35.3
51.9
269.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

272.5
38.5
19.4
92.9
40.4
24.0
25.9
18.0

267.7
37.4
19.0
90.6
40.0
23.8
25.4
18.2

265.5
37.5
19.1
89.6
39.9
23.7
25.4
18.2

77.0
7.4
3.0
26.7
16.6
7.1
10.4
3.8

79.5
7.2
3.0
27.6
16.6
7.1
10.2
4.1

78.9
7.3
2.9
27.0
16.3
7.2
10.2
4.1

353.8
41.4
21.2
122.5
52.9
26.7
44.9
17.8

375.2
44.0
22.4
127.1
56.6
28.2
46.8
19.4

358.3
42.5
21.0
122.2
53.1
27.2
45.0
18.5

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

59.9
6.3
45.6

59.9
6.2
45.4

58.1
6.2
43.7

16.3
2.0
14.2

17.4
2.1
14.5

17.4
2.1
14.4

85.2
12.2
63.6

94.1
13.7
68.7

89.2
13.0
65.4

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

12.0
98.5

12.0
101.1

12.1
99.2

17.5
121.4

17.2
129.5

17.8
128.7

46.0
468.7

49.4
500.3

46.9
479.7

488.9
12.1
37.4
6.9
5.5
38.7
20.9
26.3
69.8
53.9
10.0
21.4
4.7
88.5
33.5

488.1
12.6
37.3
7.1
5.4
39.5
20.9
25.8
69.8
52.8
9.3
22.1
4.6
89.8
33.6

486.1
12.6
36.1
7.1
5.4
39.3
20.7
25.7
68.6
53.2
9.3
22.1
4.6
90.0
33.9

346.0
5.4
32.1
7.8
2.3
37.5
9.1
5.4
87.4
43.6
7.6
5.5
3.8
52.7
16.0

362.8
5.9
33.8
8.3
2.5
39.5
9.5
6.1
91.4
47.0
7.9
5.4
3.8
54.6
16.8

356.2
6.0
33.4
8.2
2.5
38.2
9.3
6.1
88.8
45.4
7.9
5.3
3.7
53.8
16.4

1,696.4
42.3
182.8
46.2
23.9
128.8
50.0
44.3
256.2
209.3
37.0
59.8
30.8
260.1
119.2

1,795.2
43.8
191.5
48.2
25.7
135.7
53.3
47.3
273.0
227.3
39.9
64.5
32.6
274.0
125.5

1,739.1
42.7
185.4
47.2
24.4
130.7
52.7
46.5
261.4
220.9
38.6
63.0
31.4
264.5
123.2

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando

Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

See footnotes at end of table.




78

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

89.7
37.1
4.9
10.0
10.4
2.4

93.0
38.7
5.0
10.5
10.9
2.6

93.0
39.1
5.0
10.5
10.9
2.6

440.4
138.7
49.1
63.1
43.7
14.2

463.1
144.5
54.2
64.3
46.2
14.7

456.6
142.6
52.8
64.0
44.8
14.5

349.9
68.3
40.2
35.4
36.7
22.0

357.1
70.1
40.3
35.7
37.5
22.6

353.9
69.2
40.0
35.3
37.3
22.3

Alaska
Anchorage

12.4
7.6

12.8
7.7

12.5
7.6

65.0
35.8

69.4
38.5

68.0
37.6

72.2
28.2

74.7
29.1

72.7
28.3

135.1
115.0
12.5

144.0
122.5
13.7

143.4
122.0
13.3

645.4
470.1
108.7

707.7
515.3
116.8

696.5
504.8
116.1

346.2
183.7
72.3

363.4
194.1
75.1

352.1
185.6
74.4

44.7
5.3
3.1
17.8
1.2

46.7
5.5
3.2
18.4
1.2

46.1
5.5
3.2
18.4
1.2

260.4
27.8
26.0
90.3
8.4

272.1
30.5
26.6
93.4
8.9

267.4
29.8
26.6
92.8
8.8

186.1
18.5
10.2
60.2
7.9

192.7
19.9
10.5
60.9
8.2

189.1
18.9
10.5
60.4
8.0

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

810.3
7.2
13.9
230.6
4.5
56.6
102.7
31.6
50.0
6.4
67.7
108.1
32.2
7.4
10.3
8.4
6.2
14.7

827.2
7.2
14.7
236.3
4.5
56.8
106.4
32.4
50.8
6.5
68.6
108.0
33.0
7.8
10.2
8.6
6.8
14.9

820.6
7.2
14.4
234.6
4.5
56.3
106.3
32.4
51.1
6.5
68.3
107.1
33.2
7.7
10.1
8.6
6.7
14.8

4,208.9
45.7
70.3
1,271.3
34.9
289.8
400.6
239.4
186.4
33.4
362.5
379.0
319.8
47.5
49.6
43.1
42.9
73.3

4,472.6
48.6
75.4
1,344.2
37.5
311.5
423.0
256.7
200.4
35.8
383.1
400.4
338.0
51.1
51.9
46.3
44.9
78.3

4,420.0
48.2
74.8
1,312.7
37.0
305.1
419.8
258.8
198.2
35.4
380.6
392.2
335.4
50.0
51.1
45.0
44.2
77.0

2,200.9
50.1
67.0
550.8
23.3
170.5
138.9
179.4
174.5
28.9
198.0
123.1
90.6
32.2
26.2
35.4
32.6
44.2

2,288.6
51.7
70.0
582.8
24.8
173.6
146.2
187.9
180.0
30.0
204.6
128.8
92.5
33.0
27.7
36.4
34.1
45.3

2,267.2
51.5
70.3
575.7
25.1
170.7
144.1
188.0
179.6
29.6
203.0
128.0
92.3
33.1
27.2
36.2
33.3
44.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

139.2
6.6
13.5
90.6

142.9
6.8
14.1
93.3

143.7
6.7
13.9
92.4

628.8
53.3
73.5
338.6

671.5
57.7
79.0
358.8

668.9
57.1
75.8
355.7

320.1
25.5
36.1
146.0

340.1
27.7
37.6
155.4

328.3
26.1
36.7
149.8

Connecticut

139.2
11.2
5.1
72.9
12.8
3.7
25.8
3.6

142.1
11.8
5.6
74.0
13.0
3.8
27.7
4.0

140.9
11.7
5.6
73.6
12.6
3.8
27.7
4.0

506.5
57.9
24.2
174.1
89.8
34.2
74.5
25.7

535.8
62.3
26.0
181.6
95.1
35.7
78.0
27.0

522.0
59.1
25.2
178.1
92.4
34.9
77.0
25.9

228.3
20.8
10.5
92.8
31.8
36.2
18.1
13.1

245.0
21.8
11.2
97.9
32.9
37.0
18.3
13.3

235.8
21.4
10.8
92.5
32.4
36.6
18.0
13.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

48.3
2.2
42.3

50.5
2.1
43.7

50.0
2.1
43.9

110.3
13.0
90.2

118.8
14.5
96.4

115.3
14.1
93.6

54.3
15.8
39.0

56.9
15.8
41.4

54.4
15.4
39.1

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

31.7
144.2

31.3
146.5

31.3
145.7

267.3
1,002.6

280.6
1,073.2

272.3
1,054.9

221.2
583.0

223.4
596.4

221.0
590.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

441.9
6.8
48.9
9.5
5.2
56.9
8.4
6.3
66.5
53.8
5.9
11.8
6.6
83.8
33.4

458.5
6.9
50.5
9.7
5.3
57.4
8.6
6.3
68.6
59.8
6.3
12.0
6.9
86.1
34.2

456.8
6.8
50.2
9.8
5.3
56.8
8.4
6.3
68.4
59.9
6.3
12.0
6.9
85.6
34.0

2,426.3
55.8
228.2
50.5
35.7
169.3
50.1
64.0
323.2
353.5
51.4
119.4
42.2
453.8
183.5

2,625.2
58.3
241.9
52.8
37.4
183.9
52.7
67.2
342.6
384.1
55.8
129.8
45.4
492.4
198.0

2,617.2
58.5
240.7
52.8
37.4
183.0
53.2
67.6
336.0
379.3
56.0
130.0
44.5
494.6
195.8

965.7
23.1
84.7
25.9
38.7
65.7
26.2
24.7
139.0
88.2
29.0
24.1
58.6
133.7
54.5

997.8
24.0
86.9
26.9
40.3
67.3
26.8
25.7
141.7
93.7
29.5
24.3
61.6
140.1
56.2

983.4
23.8
86.5
26.5
38.9
65.2
26.6
25.4
141.6
91.2
29.1
23.8
59.9
137.4
55.1

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
January
1999

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

December
1999

January
2000P

3,761.2
58.4
72.6
2,066.6
195.5
118.2
148.5
133.8

3,995.7
60.7
76.0
2,223.2
205.6
123.7
153.1
139.4

3,926.5
59.3
73.4
2,180.8
202.6
122.1
152.1
136.7

Hawaii
Honolulu

523.3
392.3

543.7
406.9

Idaho
Boise City

513.9
202.0

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

7.9

8.0

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

(1)

(1)

(1)

186.9
3.4
2.8
105.6
12.7
5.4
6.4
7.9

532.3
396.5

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1).
(1)

20.9
15.8

22.0
15.8

22.2
15.3

550.7
217.5

537.2
211.5

2.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

29.4
13.4

35.6
15.5

32.3
14.7

5,775.9
86.3
95.4
4,068.8
178.4
57.8
42.1
169.1
175.2
111.2

6,046.7
90.9
104.5
4,237.9
187.9
59.9
44.1
177.4
181.0
114.9

5,842.8
88.0
96.0
4,115.5
180.2
58.0
42.5
173.0
176.8
112.3

10.2
(1)
1
< >
1.5

10.7
(1)
1
( )
1.9
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)

10.4
(1)
1
( )
1.6
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)

])
(1)

0)
(1)

213.1
2.7
3.0
149.4
7.6
3.3
1.8
6.8
6.2
4.0

253.4
3.4
3.7
178.2
9.8
3.4
2.1
8.1
7.1
4.9

223.5
3.0
3.2
157.0
8.1
3.1
1.8
7.0
6.4
4.3

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,868.1
63.9
118.8
153.8
268.8
262.3
836.0
50.3
92.8
57.5
133.5
66.8

3,019.2
67.3
127.1
163.1
279.5
273.4
882.3
54.7
100.8
62.4
138.2
70.3

2,934.2
66.3
125.3
158.5
271.9
265.6
867.1
53.0
96.8
60.5
134.1
67.7

129.6
2.4
4.2
9.6
12.3
15.9
42.2
1.6
3.4
2.0
6.6
2.8

145.8
3.2
5.1
10.6
13.3
15.7
50.0
1.9
4.1
2.6
6.9
3.6

131.1
2.9
4.5
10.1
12.0
14.7
47.6
1.6
3.5
2.3
6.3
2.9

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,424.6
118.6
278.7
50.7
69.4
65.0
69.9

1,487.8
123.2
285.8
53.0
73.1
67.3
74.7

1,445.5
121.6
280.7
51.8
72.0
66.2
72.1

1.7

52.7
5.6
11.5
1.4
2.2
2.4
2.3

64.6
6.1
13.5
1.8
2.3
3.1
2.4

55.2
5.8
11.7
1.7
2.2
2.7
2.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,298.4
46.9
99.3
282.4

1,349.1
50.2
101.3
287.0

1,324.1
47.9
98.8
282.9

6.5

65.8
2.5
4.7
15.0

63.5
2.2
4.4
14.5

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,733.6
275.0
561.6
43.4

1,829.7
291.2
591.7
45.7

1,784.4
281.0
579.5
44.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,868.4
56.2
290.9
76.1
159.8
86.4
69.3
617.4
170.8

1,922.4
58.9
308.8
76.9
164.6
90.0
72.7
627.6
176.4

1,885.9
58.2
303.5
74.9
162.3
88.8
72.6
620.2
174.3

555.8
42.6
141.6

598.4
46.3
153.1

571.5
43.9
147.7

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.




80

(2)
(1)

(2)
(1)
1.9
.3

1.7
.3
1

1

( )

( )
1.0

2.5

[])
(1)
1
1

6.7

5.8

1.1

(J)
(1)1.0
(1)
(1)

)
)

.7

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2
)

1.7

2.1

{])
( 11)
)
( 11 )
(1)
( )

<;
(1
(1
(1
(1)
()

1.0

2.5

6.4

cj1
( 1.1
(1
(1 .7
<;1
c
<;1
(
(2

1.9
.3
1

( )
1.0

<j>
(1)
(\1
(
(
(1

7.9
(2)
(1)

<1 >
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)

201.6
4.2
3.0
117.7
13.6
5.7
7.1
8.0

197.6
3.9
2.9
114.9
13.1
5.6
7.2
7.7

1.0

1.0

57.3
2.0
4.5
13.8

21.9
.3
.6
.2

21.4
.2
.7
.2

21.1
.2
.6
.2

76.9
12.9
27.4
3.2

88.6
14.8
31.3
3.3

83.2
13.7
29.3
3.2

50.2
.1
1.0
6.1
13.5
1.4
.2
14.4
2.1

46.0
.1
1.0
5.8
12.4
1.3
.2
12.8
2.2

46.0
.1
1.0
5.8
12.6
1.3
.2
12.7
2.3

127.5
3.8
34.3
4.3
9.4
11.5
3.5
33.1
9.1

130.8
4.1
37.5
4.3
9.4
11.2
3.8
32.1
9.4

127.6
4.1
37.5
4.3
9.2
11.0
3.9
31.7
8.8

.1

23.2
1.5
6.2

28.9
1.7
7.1

26.5
1.5
7.0

6.4

6.5
(1)
(1)

1.1

.1
(2)
(2)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing)

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

595.0
8.6
11.6
225.1
28.6
21.9
19.3
18.1

602.8
8.2
12.0
228.3
29.3
21.7
18.7
18.3

602.1
8.1
12.0
228.1
28.9
21.5
18.5
18.2

250.1
3.5
1.8
178.7
16.7
4.4
5.8
8.9

263.2
3.7
2.0
187.8
18.7
4.4
6.0
9.1

262.2
3.6
1.9
186.9
18.7
4.4
6.1
9.2

926.4
13.6
17.2
542.0
41.4
24.9
33.5
33.8

1,023.4
14.5
18.2
596.4
44.7
27.2
35.7
36.3

987.3
14.0
17,2
575.4
42.9
26.0
34.3
35.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

16.2
12.5

16.6
12.9

16.5
12.9

40.4
31.6

41.2
31.8

40.8
31.5

130.7
94.9

136.6
99.8

133.6
97.4

Idaho
Boise City

74.7
35.6

77.1
36.9

76.6
36.8

25.9
10.5

27.3
11.3

27.2
11.0

130.8
48.3

139.9
53.9

135.1
51.9

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

952.9
9.2
11.7
637.8
30.1
14.4
7.1
34.0
52.4
4.4

957.2
8.9
12.1
640.8
31.6
14.2
7.1
33.7
51.9
4.4

947.0
8.9
11.9
631.6
29.7
14.1
7.0
33.3
51.6
4.4

344.6
2.9
3.5
257.4
10.0
5.4
2.2
9.8
8.7
4.6

348.8
3.0
3.5
258.3
10.7
5.4
2.5
10.2
9.6
4.5

345.1
2.9
3.5
255.7
10.2
5.2
2.4
10.1
9.0
4.5

1,313.8
17.7
21.0
913.2
47.1
12.3
11.0
40.2
37.0
22.4

1,391.2
18.7
23.2
963.5
49.8
13.1
11.9
42.7
38.3
23.7

1,324.7
17.7
21.1
921.0
47.8
12.5
11.3
41.2
37.1
22.4

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

682.0
9.4
61.3
31.4
75.1
49.6
126.6
20.5
22.7
9.5
22.6
12.4

693.0
9.5
64.9
31.9
74.9
48.5
128.5
21.5
23.8
10.2
22.9
12.4

690.0
9.5
65.1
32.1
74.5
48.1
128.2
21.3
23.7
10.1
22.6
12.3

143.5
1.7
2.9
7.3
13.1
14.9
53.3
1.2
2.3
3.4
5.6
2.9

148.1
1.7
3.0
7.4
14.2
15.5
55.3
1.3
2.4
3.8
5.5
3.1

143.4
1.7
3.0
7.3
13.8
14.9
54.3
1.2
2.4
3.6
5.5
2.9

673.0
14.7
22.2
37.7
63.1
61.9
215.9
10.9
19.4
13.4
34.2
18.5

730.4
16.6
24.0
40.9
68.0
66.9
230.7
11.8
21.0
14.3
36.7
20.3

695.0
15.5
23.0
38.9
65.9
63.4
224.2
11.0
19.8
14.2
34.8
19.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

257.6
22.4
24.2
12.1
5.4
13.9
13.3

260.3
22.1
23.9
11.6
5.6
13.5
14.6

258.4
22.0
23.8
11.5
5.6
13.5
14.3

70.5
11.7
14.6
1.9
2.2
3.9
2.5

72.9
11.8
14.8
1.8
2.5
3.9
2.6

72.3
12.0
14.8
1.7
2.6
3.9
2.6

344.6
25.2
70.1
12.5
14.4
15.6
17.1

363.5
26.8
74.7
13.2
15.0
16.8
18.1

347.7
26.1
73.6
12.8
14.4
16.4
17.2

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

215.1
5.4
9.9
74.7

211.3
5.4
9.5
72.1

211.2
5.4
9.6
71.9

76.6
1.4
5.8
11.0

79.2
1.5
5.5
11.6

78.5
1.4
5.3
11.3

313.3
11.6
21.2
62.1

326.6
12.4
22.3
63.7

318.3
12.0
21.5
62.8

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

319.2
48.6
88.9
6.9

323.7
49.4
89.5
6.9

323.6
49.2
89.7
6.9

103.0
11.2
44.1
2.1

107.9
11.7
47.2
2.2

106.5
11.6
46.5
2.1

411.9
62.1
135.9
10.9

441.9
66.5
145.2
11.7

424.2
63.7
139.8
11.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

186.5
3.6
24.2
8.5
14.4
11.5
8.1
49.2
19.0

187.8
3.7
24.4
8.1
15.2
11.5
8.0
49.9
18.8

185.8
3.7
24.2
7.7
15.0
11.4
8.1
49.2
18.7

111.1
3.3
13.4
8.1
9.3
4.1
3.7
40.7
8.2

114.2
3.4
14.2
8.4
9.6
5.1
3.8
40.6
8.4

113.0
3.4
14.1
8.3
9.4
4.9
3.8
40.1
8.3

435.3
12.8
68.3
18.0
41.9
18.6
17.0
152.3
38.9

452.6
13.9
73.5
18.8
43.5
19.4
18.0
156.0
40.8

435.9
13.5
70.9
18.1
42.7
18.9
17.7
152.1
39.4

85.7
7.7
14.5

86.9
8.1
14.9

85.7
8.1
15.4

23.2
1.9
6.6

24.3
2.0
6.8

23.3
1.9
6.9

135.5
10.7
40.0

151.7
12.1
45.0

140.1
11.0
40.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

199.3
1.8
2.4
135.4
6.3
8.2
9.1
4.6

204.1
1.7
2.4
137.3
6.0
8.2
9.1
4.7

204.2
1.7
2.4
137.6
6.0
8.1
9.5
4.6

1,004.4
14.7
16.7
615.1
48.9
31.9
40.2
39.6

1,093.1
15.7
17.7
683.6
51.9
34.4
41.8
42.2

1,070.1
15.3
17.2
667.0
51.7
34.4
41.8
41.3

591.1
12.8
20.1
263.0
40.6
21.5
33.2
20.9

599.6
12.7
20.7
270.2
41.1
22.1
33.7
20.8

595.1
12.7
19.8
269.0
41.0
22.1
33.7
20.7

Hawaii
Honolulu

34.9
28.0

34.5
27.4

34.3
27.3

169.8
120.9

176.3
125.4

174.3
123.8

110.4
88.6

116.5
93.8

110.6
88.3

Idaho
Boise City

23.3
11.3

23.7
11.4

23.4
11.5

125.7
51.0

135.9
55.7

134.4
54.3

101.6
31.9

108.7
32.8

105.8
31.3

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

403.6
17.8
3.7
313.2
8.0
2.1
1.7
7.9
7.6
7.9

408.6
18.5
3.9
316.5
8.1
2.1
1.8
8.2
7.5
7.8

405.6
18.5
3.7
314.5
8.0
2.1
1.8
8.3
7.5
7.7

1,735.0
20.9
21.0
1,308.1
49.7
14.0
11.5
51.9
45.8
34.5

1,832.9
22.5
22.2
1,376.5
50.8
15.1
11.8
54.3
48.6
35.3

1,772.5
22.2
21.7
1,350.1
49.6
14.8
11.5
53.1
47.7
35.2

802.7
15.1
31.5
488.2
25.9
6.3
6.8
18.5
17.5
33.4

843.9
15.9
35.9
502.2
27.1
6.6
6.9
20.2
18.0
34.3

814.0
14.8
30.9
484.0
26.8
6.2
6.7
20.0
17.5
33.8

Indiana
Blcomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

140.6
2.3
2.8
7.6
14.9
9.1
63.2
1.5
3.6
1.9
6.9
2.4

143.3
2.4
3.2
7.9
14.6
9.3
65.8
1.6
3.8
1.9
6.8
2.4

142.7
2.4
3.1
7.8
14.6
9.4
65.7
1.6
3.9
1.9
6.8
2.4

696.8
13.3
17.8
43.9
64.0
73.1
228.4
8.1
18.2
15.1
44.1
16.0

735.4
14.1
19.1
46.8
67.0
78.0
239.9
9.5
19.6
16.1
45.2
16.3

718.4
13.8
18.9
45.3
64.5
76.6
235.1
9.3
18.8
15.9
44.3
16.0

396.2
20.1
7.6
15.2
26.3
37.8
105.7
6.5
23.2
12.2
13.5
11.8

416.5
19.8
7.8
16.5
27.5
39.5
111.3
7.1
26.1
13.5
14.2
12.2

407.8
20.5
7.7
16.0
26.6
38.5
111.3
7.0
24.7
12.5
13.8
12.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

84.2
6.6
40.3
1.9
2.3
2.8
3.1

85.8
7.0
40.1
2.0
2.6
2.9
3.1

84.7
7.0
39.3
2.0
2.6
2.9
3.1

374.3
35.6
81.8
17.1
14.5
18.7
18.8

391.3
37.4
81.9
18.7
16.1
19.2
20.7

384.0
37.0
81.2
18.2
16.0
19.0
19.7

239.0
11.5
36.2
3.8
28.4
7.7
12.8

247.3
12.0
36.9
3.9
29.0
7.9
13.2

241.5
11.7
36.3
3.9
28.6
7.8
12.9

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

62.4
2.0
6.6
11.1

63.3
2.0
6.6
11.8

63.2
1.9
6.6
11.7

330.8
10.9
29.6
75.4

348.1
11.8
31.0
77.0

341.6
11.2
30.4
75.9

236.4
13.6
21.7
33.2

248.4
14.6
21.7
34.8

241.3
13.8
21.0
33.8

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

69.8
10.2
29.9
1.7

71.5
10.3
30.4
1.8

71.2
10.2
30.1
1.8

437.7
76.3
163.0
11.2

469.0
81.4
174.1
11.8

456.8
170.6
11.6

293.2
53.4
71.8
7.2

305.7
56.9
73.3
7.8

297.8
53.5
72.9
7.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

84.7
2.6
17.0
2.1
6.3
2.5
5.4
30.7
6.4

85.7
2.6
16.8
2.1
6.3
2.5
5.6
30.8
6.5

84.6
2.6
16.8
2.0
6.3
2.5
5.7
30.5
6.5

507.4
16.6
75.4
15.3
41.7
23.6
18.4
192.4
54.3

533.3
17.2
78.7
14.9
43.4
25.2
20.3
199.4
57.0

526.4
17.1
78.4
14.5
43.0
25.2
20.2
197.9
57.0

365.7
13.4
57.3
13.7
23.3
13.2
13.0
104.6
32.8

372.0
13.9
62.7
14.5
24.8
13.8
13.0
106.0
33.3

366.6
13.7
60.6
14.2
24.1
13.6
13.0
106.0
33.3

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

30.5
2.4
13.5

31.0
2.4
14.0

30.9
2.4
13.8

162.2
13.5
42.2

174.1
14.9
45.8

168.7
14.0
45.4

95.4
4.9
18.6

101.4
5.1
19.5

96.2
5.0
18.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




82

7a9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry - - Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,305.2
1,176.0
391.2
860.6

2,434.2
1,236.1
411.0
916.1

2,377.4
1,208.8
405.3
892.2

Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
PittsfieW
Springfield
Worcester

3,139.7
53.5
1,931.7
95.9
51.1
154.1
120.2
63.1
40.9
247.8
226.7

3,302.2
59.5
2,020.9
101.8
52.9
162.0
126.0
66.5
43.3
265.9
235.6

3,208.9
56.4
1,968.3
98.4
51.4
159.0
123.3
64.9
41.8
254.3
228.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,415.5
273.6
69.9
2,081.5
173.9
558.0
60.6
209.8
226.0
175.0

4,600.6
287.7
74.0
2,173.5
172.7
588.9
63.4
218.7
241.9
183.2

4,475.8
279.0
71.9
2,117.3
167.8
571.9
61.7
212.3
229.5
177.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,526.4
110.0
1,648.8
78.9
88.1

2.654.2
117.4
1,748.0
82.9
95.1

2,584.5
113.0
1,696.7
81.4
91.9

( )
(1
(1)

Mississippi

1,127.3
225.3

1,163.7
231.6

1,150.6
228.0

(2)

2,636.3
938.7
1,282.7
162.2

2,777.1
979.9
1,342.9
172.2

2,692.4
965.6
1,303.7
168.1

Jackson ..!..!..!

ZZZ'~Z

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

December
1999

1.4
.4

1.3
.3
(1)

0)

121.9
3.1
70.0
4.4
1.9
6.9
5.4
2.7
1.8
9.0
8.4

112.9
3.0
65.6
4.0
1.6
6.3
4.9
2.3
1.6
7.9
7.9

161.1
9.5
2.3
70.4
6.9
23.2
2.3
7.6
7.4
8.3

188.6
11.1
2.8
83.4
7.4
26.9
2.8
9.0
8.6
10.1

170.9
9.8
2.4
73.3
6.9
24.2
2.5
8.1
7.7
9.6

6.7
4.7

88.8
3.3
59.4
2.6
3.2

113.7
5.3
71.5
3.2
3.8

100.0
3.9
65.4
2.9
3.0

5.3

53.1
11.0

55.4
11.2

55.1
11.1

5.3

119.6
45.8
63.9
7.1

142.7
50.4
76.5
8.2

134.2
48.5
71.8
8.0

.5

.1
.1
.2

6.6

6.2
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
1.0

.9

.9

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(])

(])
(11)
()

0)
(1)

7.1
4.7

6.9
4.8
2

103.4
2.7
60.5
3.6
1.5
5.8
4.8
2.2
1.5
6.9
7.0

.1
.1
.2

6.9

(1
(1
(1
(1
(1)
(1)

1.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

.1
.1
.2
(1
(1

150.5
71.8
14.9
65.4

.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

2

2

( )
(1)
(1)

( )
(1)
(1)

5.4

5.3
(2)

(2)

4.7

5.3

(1)

(1)

(])
(1)

0)
(1)

January
2000P

154.5
73.9
14.9
66.4

(1)

.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

December
1999

138.6
63.8
12.3
61.6

1.4
(1)

January
1999

1.4
.4
(1)

1.2
(1)

January
2000P

(1)
< >
(1)

Montana

364.2

388.4

375.9

4.9

5.0

4.7

15.7

19.1

16.5

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

866.2
147.1
402.5

901.8
155.2
422.4

880.7
151.8
416.1

1.1

1.2

1.0

37.1
6.1
19.0

44.0
7.6
22.1

40.8
7.4
20.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

940.9
682.1
179.5

1,016.0
740.5
193.3

999.6
731.0
188.9

11.3
1.8
.4

88.9
72.0
12.6

91.6
71.8
14.8

89.3
71.1
13.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

587.3
100.7
95.4
113.1

616.0
105.7
97.7
120.3

603.9
103.5
95.2
116.9

.3

21.7
4.4
2.9
3.5

25.2
5.1
3.2
4.0

24.0
4.8
3.2
3.5

3,767.8
171.1
650.1
484.0
243.4
616.3
358.4
968.3
196.4
58.4

3,931.7
177.3
679.6
506.3
251.8
648.1
375.0
1,007.5
205.0
59.3

3,833.4
172.0
659.2
492.4
243.2
629.3
363.5
988.3
199.8
58.5

2.0

141.1
6.4
24.8
23.3
5.3
20.7
18.6
34.7
4.8
1.9

130.7
6.3
21.9
21.9
4.9
18.5
16.9
32.8
4.6
1.9

710.0
333.9
53.6
70.7

740.8
352.3
56.5
74.1

722.7
342.6
55.6
72.4

43.6
22.0
3.4
4.1

41.5
21.0
3.3
3.9

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-MilMlle-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




83

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
12.6
1.9
.5

(1)
(1)

11.3
1.8
.4

.4
(1)
(1)
(1)

.4
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.1

1.9

.3

.3

.3

124.7
6.2
20.9
20.8
4.7
17.5
16.4
31.4
4.6
1.8

13.9
(1)
(
(1

13.5
(1)
1
( )
(1)

13.3
(1)
1
( )
(1)

40.4
19.8
3.3
3.7

0)
0)
< 1>
(

(1)
(1)
.5

(1)

(])
(1)

(1)
(1)
.6

(1)
.7

.6

(1)
.9

(1)

(1)

0)
(1)

.8
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D C

175.7
98.1
29.6
39.1

177.6
97.2
28.9
40.9

176.6
96.6
28.8
40.5

108.0
56.1
18.4
36.9

113.7
59.4
18.3
38.7

111.6
58.2
18.1
38.2

529.8
269.9
60.4
196.8

567.5
286.5
63.1
210.0

543.2
274.8
61.8
200.4

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton .
Fitchbura-Leominster
Lawrence ,
±
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

435.8
2.3
214.5
11.3
13.1
38.9
28.3
13.2
7.3
37.8
40.0

433.5
2.7
210.7
11.7
12.8
39.2
27.9
13.2
7.3
39.2
39.3

430.5
2.6
209.4
11.5
12.7
39.0
27.8
13.1
7.2
38.4
38.8

135.5
2.8
83.6
4.9
2.0
5.6
7.4
3.4
1.4
10.0
9.8

142.0
3.1
86.4
4.9
2.1
5.9
7.4
3.4
1.6
11.1
10.6

138.5
3.0
85.3
4.7
2.0
5.8
7.4
3.4
1.5
10.2
10.3

713.1
17.2
416.9
32.1
12.5
36.2
26.8
16.0
9.9
58.6
50.8

764.8
20.5
446.4
33.7
13.3
38.7
28.9
17.8
10.8
64.7
54.5

727.9
18.6
423.9
32.8
12.8
37.6
28.3
16.8
10.3
61.1
51.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

974.7
53.7
19.6
441.9
38.6
159.5
12.3
48.7
28.9
39.1

975.4
54.3
19.7
452.0
31.3
161.7
12.5
48.7
28.1
39.3

966.2
54.1
19.5
447.2
31.1
161.0
12.4
48.5
28.1
38.8

173.9
6.5
3.2
94.5
5.6
20.2
3.6
7.3
6.4
6.6

177.8
6.5
3.5
96.1
5.8
21.1
3.7
7.7
6.7
6.7

175.6
6.5
3.4
95.1
5.7
20.8
3.7
7.5
6.5
6.5

1,033.3
54.9
15.2
483.4
43.6
139.7
15.6
46.7
51.5
44.5

1,102.8
58.6
16.4
515.6
45.9
151.9
16.1
50.4
54.8
47.5

1,058.2
56.0
15.6
494.2
43.9
144.9
15.7
47.8
52.2
44.8

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

434.6
8.1
274.7
13.1
16.7

439.6
8.1
278.5
12.8
17.3

435.5
8.1
275.5
12.2
17.2

128.3
7.2
91.7
2.4
3.4

130.9
8.5
95.4
2.5
3.6

128.5
7.8
93.2
2.5
3.5

599.9
26.7
387.3
15.2
25.5

639.4
28.5
417.3
15.8
27.8

615.0
27.3
397.5
15.3
26.6

Mississippi
Jackson

245.1
20.0

243.2
20.6

243.1
20.5

53.8
17.1

56.2
17.8

55.9
17.9

245.3
54.2

254.7
56.9

246.6
54.4

Missouri
Kansas Citv
St Louis
Springfield

411.1
107.6
191.5
22.7

409.6
108.6
187.4
23.3

407.8
108.8
187.1
23.5

167.4
79.4
85.2
11.3

175.4
81.9
88.1
12.5

170.0
81.6
85.3
12.0

616.8
227.7
303.0
45.2

664.2
243.4
323.9
49.1

633.3
235.2
310.3
47.4

t

.

...

23.9

24.8

24.1

21.7

22.8

22.4

96.8

103.4

99.0

Nebraska
Lincoln ....
Omaha

118.0
18.1
40.1

117.0
18.2
39.8

117.0
18.1
40.1

56.3
9.4
30.3

57.5
9.3
31.6

57.3
9.3
31.3

210.5
31.6
97.5

220.1
32.5
104.1

211.5
31.5
100.7

Nevada
Las Veoas
Reno

41.6
22.7
13.5

42.8
23.7
13.5

42.7
23.5
13.6

49.5
36.2
11.7

53.0
39.3
12.5

52.7
39.1
12.5

190.6
140.6
40.6

212.5
157.5
44.7

206.4
153.3
43.2

107.6
14.6
27.6
18.2

106.5
15.0
27.4
18.4

105.7
15.1
27.3
18.1

20.6
6.0
3.1
3.5

22.0
6.5
3.4
3.9

21.5
6.3
3.2
3.8

154.1
24.7
24.4
30.4

164.8
26.4
26.0
33.6

160.6
25.8
25.1
32.3

468.3
6.1
103.1
54.6
26.5
91.3
20.1
134.6
16.6
12.4

464.9
6.0
102.6
55.5
26.1
89.0
20.2
134.0
16.0
11.7

459.8
5.9
101.5
55.0
24.5
89.3
20.1
132.2
15.8
11.6

261.3
6.7
36.7
23.0
29.8
48.5
19.7
83.5
7.2
2.6

267.6
6.7
38.0
23.1
30.5
49.5
19.7
87.1
7.5
2.8

264.3
6.7
37.7
22.7
30.1
48.3
19.0
85.8
7.5
2.8

884.0
33.1
177.6
129.4
58.0
145.4
96.4
195.5
32.7
11.7

942.3
36.3
188.6
138.3
60.3
154.1
103.2
209.0
35.9
12.3

905.6
33.6
179.1
132.0
57.6
148.5
98.1
202.6
34.3
11.7

41.8
26.5
3.1
1.8

41.3
26.6
3.0
1.8

41.1
26.4
3.0
1.7

34.5
18.0
2.0
1.2

36.8
19.6
2.0
1.2

36.0
19.2
2.0
1.2

167.2
79.9
11.0
14.7

175.3
83.7
11.7
16.1

168.7
80.2
11.3
15.3

Montana

New HamDshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Beraen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Santa Fe

.

...

See footnotes at end of table.




84

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
iand real estate

Services

Government

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

136.3
73.3
32.6
51.5

142.1
75.9
34.3
53.4

141.6
75.9
34.2
53.4

777.4
399.5
151.6
301.9

826.4
423.8
164.6
325.8

810.2
413.4
160.9
318.1

438.1
215.0
86.3
172.8

451.0
219.0
86.9
180.9

442.3
217.7
86.6
176.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

223.1
3.2
167.7
3.1
1.6
5.3
3.3
1.9
1.9
13.2
15.0

228.9
3.2
172.7
3.2
1.5
5.6
3.5
2.0
1.9
13.3
14.8

227.1
3.2
171.0
3.1
1.6
5.6
3.5
2.0
1.9
13.1
14.7

1,112.3
17.6
753.8
24.5
12.8
43.4
34.2
16.4
13.7
75.7
68.0

1,180.8
19.0
793.8
26.7
13.2
46.2
36.2
17.2
14.4
80.9
74.3

1,148.8
18.1
774.3
25.4
12.9
45.1
35.6
17.1
14.0
77.2
72.1

415.3
7.7
234.3
16.4
7.6
18.9
15.4
10.0
5.1
45.5
35.9

428.9
7.9
240.4
17.2
8.1
19.5
16.7
10.2
5.4
47.6
33.5

421.9
7.9
238.3
16.9
7.8
19.6
15.8
10.2
5.2
46.3
32.9

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

206.9
9.9
2.4
112.9
6.5
22.1
1.9
10.6
14.3
6.8

207.2
10.0
2.4
112.9
6.6
22.5
2.0
10.7
14.6
6.9

206.2
10.0
2.3
112.1
6.5
22.5
2.0
10.5
14.6
6.8

1,201.6
66.8
18.6
646.9
47.6
137.7
14.8
53.6
57.7
47.2

1,250.0
70.2
19.8
676.0
49.9
146.3
15.7
55.8
59.8
49.4

1,224.8
68.5
19.5
662.2
48.5
141.0
15.1
54.6
58.9
48.6

657.1
72.3
8.6
230.6
25.1
55.6
10.1
35.3
59.8
22.5

692.2
77.0
9.4
236.5
25.8
58.5
10.6
36.4
69.3
23.3

667.7
74.1
9.2
232.3
25.2
57.5
10.3
35.3
61.5
22.8

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

158.1
3.4
124.9
2.4
3.2

161.9
3.4
129.1
2.5
3.5

161.2
3.4
127.6
2.5
3.5

721.2
33.3
481.7
35.8
22.8

763.1
35.3
514.2
38.4
24.9

747.5
34.6
500.9
38.3
24.1

388.6
23.2
228.7
7.4
13.3

398.5
23.6
241.5
7.7
14.2

390.1
23.2
236.2
7.7
14.0

42.0
16.2

42.3
15.8

42.3
15.6

256.8
58.0

273.4
61.7

271.7
60.7

225.8
48.1

233.2
47.0

230.6
47.2

163.7
69.7
82.8
8.6

167.1
71.0
83.9
8.9

165.0
70.8
83.6
8.8

735.1
277.4
401.3
47.3

779.1
289.4
423.5
48.6

755.9
285.7
410.5
48.1

417.9
131.1
155.0
20.0

433.7
135.2
159.6
21.6

420.9
135.0
155.1
20.3

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

17.1

17.8

17.6

106.0

114.3

112.5

78.1

81.2

79.1

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

59.7
10.4
35.0

61.1
10.9
36.2

60.8
10.9
36.2

233.9
39.0
131.1

245.7
42.4
137.7

238.8
41.3
136.4

149.6
32.5
49.5

155.2
34.3
50.9

153.5
33.3
50.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

43.6
33.3
8.0

44.4
34.1
8.2

45.0
34.4
8.2

399.6
302.1
69.5

437.7
332.7
74.5

434.4
330.1
74.1

114.5
73.3
23.1

122.7
79.6
24.7

117.8
77.7
23.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

31.9
7.7
5.2
6.2

32.9
7.9
4.8
6.5

32.4
7.7
4.6
6.5

170.6
32.0
23.4
30.2

179.3
33.1
24.2
32.2

177.1
32.7
23.1
31.5

80.4
11.3
8.8
21.1

84.9
11.7
8.7
21.7

82.3
11.1
8.7
21.2

250.7
5.6
37.6
25.8
27.3
45.9
18.4
75.3
11.2
2.9

258.9
6.0
38.9
27.4
28.6
48.0
18.7
76.9
11.3
2.8

257.7
5.6
39.3
27.0
28.5
48.0
18.9
76.4
11.3
2.8

1,210.8
85.5
204.9
150.9
59.2
189.7
124.5
305.4
72.4
12.8

1,271.2
87.0
214.6
157.3
62.4
204.2
130.3
320.3
77.1
13.3

1,243.9
85.6
209.0
153.7
59.7
197.7
127.4
315.9
74.2
13.3

566.1
27.9
69.3
79.5
37.9
77.5
62.9
141.9
51.7
13.9

583.6
28.9
72.3
81.4
38.6
82.0
64.3
144.6
52.4
14.2

569.4
28.3
70.7
80.1
37.9
78.4
63.1
141.8
52.1
14.1

32.9
18.7
2.1
3.5

33.2
19.4
2.1
3.6

32.8
19.2
2.1
3.5

203.6
106.4
13.6
20.8

213.5
112.8
15.1
21.7

210.6
110.9
15.2
21.2

175.7
64.6
18.5
25.0

183.6
68.2
19.2
25.6

178.7
65.7
18.7
25.6

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8.212.3
437.1
114.0
536.1
108.6
43.8
48.2
1,150.7
4,061.1
3,538.1
125.5
533.0
106.8
338.0
129.8
394.0

8,643.7
459.3
121.1
562.7
116.2
45.2
49.9
1,228.0
4,264.2
3,710.5
131.4
558.5
112.1
353.8
137.3
418.8

8,385.8
444.8
117.1
543.3
112.8
44.3
48.9
1,183.2
4,148.2
3,613.4
127.9
542.5
109.4
343.0
133.7
403.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3.778.2
108.9
793.8
648.4
647.0

3,933.5
113.6
825.8
678.3
679.9

3,861.5
109.9
819.8
666.1
671.4

313.5
49.5
97.9
47.0

327.2
51.3
101.9
48.9

319.8
50.5
99.1
47.5

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5.381.7
317.8
179.2
847.5
1,138.8
836.2
469.1
123.6
77.7
78.8
49.6
318.2
239.9

5,641.1
336.7
188.8
889.3
1.186.2
872.0
486.7
131.0
81.5
82.5
51.4
337.3
251.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,432.8
24.7
37.5
516.8
387.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

December
1999

3.7
.4

(])
(1)
(11)
()
(])
<1 >
( ) .3
(1)

.3

(])
(1))
1
)

4.2
.5

.3

1

)
)

M
(1)

3.9

212.1
6.7
48.9
32.8
37.4

226.2
7.0
52.5
34.9
41.0

220.6
6.9
51.3
34.3
40.2

3.4

12.0
2.1
4.5
2.3

16.1
2.8
5.5
2.7

14.3
2.4
4.9
2.3

.3

<;>
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(])
(11)
()

(])
(1)
(1)
3.5

3.3

January
2000P

292.7
15.6
3.8
17.9
4.4
1.8
1.9
56.6
140.9
111.9
4.5
17.9
4.5
12.0
3.0
22.5

.4

4.0

December
1999

318.3
17.6
4.4
20.5
4.9
2.0
2.2
61.1
151.3
119.9
5.0
19.9
4.9
13.7
3.4
24.2

(J)
< 1)
( ) .3

(1)

January
1999

268.3
14.6
3.4
16.6
4.0
1.7
1.8
51.6
127.2
101.6
4.2
16.7
4.2
11.7
2.9
19.5

(1)

(1)

3.9
1

3.7
.4

(])
(11)
(1)
()

<;>
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
( )
(1)

(])
(11)
(1)
()

1

January
2000P

(1)
<;>
(1)

(1)
<;>
(1)

(1)

5,474.5
326.6
184.5
867.0
1,152.0
848.6
473.2
126.8
80.1
80.5
50.3
326.7
244.0

12.7
.5
.5
.7
.8
.7
.3
1
( )
1
)
1
)
.4
.2
.5

13.0
.6
.5
.7
.8
.6
.3
1
< >
1
( )
(1)
.4
.2
.4

12.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.6
.3
1
( )
(1)
(1)
.4
.2
.4

203.7
11.7
7.5
36.6
39.2
33.2
15.9
7.1
3.2
2.2
1.6
14.0
8.9

236.1
13.9
9.4
41.2
45.4
39.3
17.9
8.5
3.9
2.7
1.7
16.4
11.0

210.6
12.3
8.2
37.8
39.8
35.5
17.0
7.4
3.6
2.6
1.7
15.1
9.4

1,487.0
24.2
39.1
542.9
400.6

1,457.5
24.1
38.3
531.5
391.1

30.3
.7
.1
6.8
7.7

27.4
.7
.1
5.8
7.1

27.5
.6
.1
6.0
7.1

55.1
.8
1.4
20.4
16.9

58.6
.8
1.6
21.7
18.6

57.1
.8
1.6
21.2
18.0

1.527.8
137.8
67.5
922.2
131.5

1.600.9
145.0
74.6
970.5
136.9

1,564.1
140.2
71.1
948.7
133.0

1.7
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.8
.2
.1
1.2
.3

1.6
.1
.1
1.1
.3

76.5
6.6
3.1
49.2
6.9

82.1
7.1
3.4
52.0
7.6

78.6
6.5
3.3
49.6
7.2

5,431.6
269.2
58.2
130.4
352.0
86.6
214.1
2.309.8
667.6
1,070.5
164.0
271.0
48.2
65.0
52.9
164.2

5,646.2
280.6
61.6
135.0
360.3
89.2
225.3
2,424.2
703.6
1,116.2
171.6
281.9
50.8
70.0
55.2
168.7

5,520.4
274.6
60.0
133.2
354.1
87.1
219.8
2,367.5
678.0
1,087.2
168.1
273.7
48.1
67.2
54.0
165.1

19.9
(1)
1
( )
(1)

19.7
(1)
1
( )
<;>
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.5
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4

19.0
(1)
1
( )

204.3
10.8
2.6
4.0
12.8
3.9
12.8
86.6
11.2
44.4
6.4
9.0
1.3
1.8
1.9
8.4

237.0
12.5
2.8
4.7
13.7
4.6
13.8
93.2
11.9
54.6
7.1
10.4
1.6
2.2
2.2
9.3

220.6
11.7
2.6
4.2
13.4
4.1
13.4
89.2
10.4
49.0
6.5
9.4
1.5
2.0
2.0
8.8

See footnotes at end of table.




January
1999

86

M
1
>

.4

M
1
)

1

4.5

)

.3

(1)
1
)
1

)

.4

(J)
(1)

(])
(11)
()

.4

(1)
(1)
4.5
(1)
.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

885.9
37.9
25.1
86.8
17.1
9.9
8.1
112.5
294.9
245.4
11.5
119.0
11.6
50.4
19.9
35.9

892.6
38.5
24.8
86.9
17.3
9.3
7.7
115.6
300.7
250.1
11.6
117.3
11.6
51.1
19.7
36.9

878.5
38.0
24.7
85.7
17.1
9.3
7.8
113.4
292.1
242.6
11.4
116.3
11.6
50.7
19.8
35.9

410.3
17.1
5.0
25.0
4.0
1.6
1.4
53.8
231.6
204.4
7.4
17.7
6.0
19.7
3.9
20.5

425.6
18.1
5.1
26.4
4.2
1.5
1.5
57.6
238.8
210.5
7.6
18.6
6.0
20.7
4.2
21.5

415.8
18.0
5.0
25.5
4.2
1.5
1.4
56.0
233.5
205.8
7.6
18.5
6.0
20.6
4.2
20.9

1,663.2
93.1
24.2
124.8
20.9
10.1
11.0
297.4
712.6
595.9
34.0
114.0
25.0
77.6
26.2
87.1

1,788.1
98.5
26.3
135.4
22.7
10.6
11.8
320.2
766.1
641.7
37.0
123.3
26.8
81.3
29.1
93.1

1,703.0
93.3
25.2
127.5
21.8
10.0
11.3
305.1
728.8
610.6
35.3
118.3
25.7
78.1
27.7
88.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

810.1
18.5
138.9
159.9
83.7

794.9
18.3
136.3
157.1
84.1

790.5
18.1
136.1
155.8
83.8

171.6
4.9
52.6
34.6
28.6

179.5
5.3
55.2
35.9
30.3

178.0
5.4
55.2
35.4
30.3

844.5
26.3
190.0
144.2
136.5

897.0
27.4
198.4
152.3
145.5

868.9
25.9
196.4
148.2
140.7

23.5
2.7
7.8
3.6

23.9
3.0
7.8
4.0

23.5
3.0
7.7
3.9

18.1
3.1
5.0
2.0

18.6
3.2
5.2
2.0

18.6
3.2
5.0
2.0

79.1
11.9
27.7
12.9

82.9
12.6
29.5
13.3

80.2
12.4
28.3
12.9

1,089.6
65.3
46.8
141.0
223.3
93.4
96.9
23.0
20.1
23.3
13.5
61.1
55.0

1,088.8
65.2
46.9
141.9
222.5
92.9
96.1
23.2
20.2
22.7
13.5
62.6
54.0

1,082.2
65.3
46.8
141.1
221.4
92.7
95.4
23.2
20.0
22.6
13.4
62.2
54.2

239.8
14.8
4.9
47.8
45.3
39.9
21.2
4.6
3.3
3.4
2.6
14.9
9.9

248.2
15.6
5.3
49.2
47.4
40.4
21.7
4.9
3.4
3.4
2.6
15.4
10.2

242.6
15.6
5.1
49.4
45.4
40.0
21.4
4.9
3.3
3.4
2.6
15.3
9.9

1,299.0
80.1
44.2
214.6
271.1
217.4
108.9
32.8
18.0
17.8
10.1
78.1
60.5

1,375.9
84.8
47.4
229.8
285.1
228.3
113.7
34.0
19.1
19.2
10.5
83.9
64.8

1,313.5
82.4
46.0
219.4
273.2
216.8
109.1
32.8
18.7
18.4
10.0
79.8
62.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

182.8
2.4
3.7
54.4
56.7

184.0
2.6
3.8
57.7
55.0

183.1
2.5
3.7
57.3
54.8

80.9
2.2
1.6
24.2
32.0

82.3
2.2
1.6
25.0
32.9

81.6
2.2
1.6
25.1
32.3

327.6
6.2
8.7
121.0
89.0

348.8
6.3
9.3
128.3
95.0

336.3
6.2
8.8
122.5
90.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

237.2
22.0
8.7
144.1
17.0

239.3
23.4
9.2
145.0
16.3

237.7
23.0
9.1
143.6
16.1

75.9
4.2
3.6
53.9
3.9

79.1
4.2
3.8
56.6
4.1

77.8
4.1
3.7
56.1
3.8

376.9
34.3
19.3
229.7
27.8

401.7
37.1
23.1
243.6
29.5

385.1
35.1
20.3
235.8
28.2

927.9
54.6
10.4
34.4
45.7
13.0
57.2
300.9
56.9
137.5
41.9
53.8
12.4
8.3
13.4
46.7

930.3
55.0
10.5
34.2
44.2
13.1
57.2
306.0
56.2
138.2
43.0
53.5
11.3
8.4
13.8
46.2

925.2
54.6
10.4
34.1
44.1
13.0
56.9
306.1
56.4
137.5
43.1
53.1
10.8
8.5
13.7
45.7

288.6
15.7
4.3
4.7
24.2
5.1
8.1
112.8
34.7
68.1
8.8
16.5
1.9
2.1
2.0
8.2

298.3
16.6
4.4
4.7
24.9
5.6
8.8
115.7
36.2
70.0
9.0
16.5
2.0
2.4
2.0
8.1

296.3
16.2
4.3
4.6
24.4
5.3
8.4
115.8
35.2
69.3
8.9
16.2
1.9
2.3
2.1
7.9

1,216.6
58.3
15.5
29.5
79.9
20.2
52.9
507.9
114.7
253.0
38.1
64.8
12.1
12.6
12.8
39.6

1,287.9
60.6
16.7
31.4
82.8
21.0
57.1
540.1
123.3
267.8
40.5
68.5
13.4
13.5
13.4
42.2

1,245.9
58.8
16.1
30.2
80.7
20.2
55.0
513.0
116.4
256.6
39.0
65.3
12.4
12.9
12.9
40.4

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

i

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

742.7
25.9
3.9
30.2
4.6
1.2
2.4
82.7
519.9
485.9
6.0
21.1
5.5
17.9
8.2
27.2

751.8
26.4
4.6
30.9
5.1
1.2
2.5
84.5
526.6
491.8
5.9
20.9
5.8
18.4
7.8
27.8

746.4
26.0
4.6
30.9
5.0
1.2
2.5
84.1
521.8
487.0
5.9
20.7
5.8
18.4
7.8
27.8

2,815.8
139.9
30.6
165.7
35.8
12.0
13.5
369.1
1,532.0
1,345.4
34.5
163.6
35.4
101.1
40.8
143.6

2,997.8
147.5
33.2
173.3
39.5
13.0
13.6
395.8
1,625.0
1,426.3
35.9
173.6
37.3
106.7
44.0
153.7

2,914.1
144.1
32.1
168.7
38.3
13.1
13.7
380.6
1 584.6
1,393.0
35.4
169.1
36.4
102.8
43.2
147.5

1,422.4
108.2
21.8
87.0
22.2
7.3
10.0
183.6
642.9
559.2
27.9
80.6
19.1
59.6
27.9
60.2

1,465.3
112.2
22.7
89.3
22.5
7.6
10.6
193.2
655.7
569.9
28.4
84.5
19.7
61.9
29.1
61.6

1,431.6
109.4
21.7
87.1
22.0
7.4
10.3
187.4
646.5
562.2
27.8
81.4
19.4
60.4
28.0
60.4

182.9
3.8
65.0
35.2
30.9

185.8
4.1
65.1
35.0
32.0

184.9
4.1
65.3
35.0
32.0

945.9
32.8
204.2
171.0
207.1

1,020.0
35.0
219.3
185.8
219.7

996.8
33.3
218.1
181.3
218.6

607.2
15.9
94.2
70.7
122.8

626.1
16.5
99.0
77.3
127.3

617.9
16.2
97.4
76.1
125.8

16.1
2.4
7.0
1.4

16.5
2.4
7.1
1.4

16.3
2.3
7.0
1.4

89.1
16.4
30.1
12.4

92.0
16.7
31.3
12.2

90.9
16.5
30.7
12.2

72.3
10.9
15.8
12.4

73.7
10.6
15.5
13.3

72.6
10.7
15.5
12.8

300.2
13 1
6.4
53.8
77.6
76.2
19.1
7.4
2.0
2.5
1.4
11.1
9.1

311.8
13.9
6.6
56.0
80.0
79.7
18.6
7.9
2.1
2.4
1.3
11.4
9.6

308.8
13.7
6.7
55.9
79.5
79.1
18.6
7.7
2.1
2.4
1.3
11.3
9.5

1,480.3
87.0
49.3
253.4
339.4
236.4
138.4
28.4
20.8
18.9
13.8
92.0
65.1

1,567.1
93.6
51.5
266.7
355.9
248.8
145.0
30.7
22.2
20.6
15.0
97.1
68.9

1,525.4
90.9
50.7
260.7
346.5
243.0
141.8
29.8
21.9
20.1
14.5
94.4
66.8

756.4
45.3
19.6
99.6
142.1
139.0
68.4
20.3
10.3
10.7
6.2
46.8
30.9

800.2
49.1
21.2
103.8
149.1
142.0
73.4
21.8
10.6
11.5
6.4
50.3
32.7

779.0
45.8
20.4
102.0
145.4
140.9
69.6
21.0
10.5
11.0
6.4
48.4
31.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

71.4
1.1
1.8
28.8
20.8

74.3
1.1
1.7
30.6
22.2

73.9
1.1
1.7
30.2
22.1

406.3
7.3
8.6
158.0
122.2

421.2
6.4
9.1
165.9
125.3

414.4
6.7
9.2
163.2
124.3

278.4
4.0
11.6
103.2
42.2

290.4
4.1
11.9
107.9
44.5

283.6
4.0
11.6
106.0
42.5

Oregon
EuQene-Sorinofield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
.

94.6
7.1
3.1
66.0
6.9

94.6
7.3
3.2
66.7
6.8

93.3
7.2
3.2
65.7
6.7

405.6
37.5
18.6
257.8
30.1

435.2
39.1
20.0
276.9
32.6

428.1
38.2
19.8
270.4
31.3

259.4
25.9
11.0
120.4
38.6

267.1
26.6
11.8
128.5
39.7

261.9
26.0
11.6
126.4
39.4

321.0
14.2
1.7
5.4
24.6
4.0
10.0
161.7
50.2
65.8
8.4
13.7
1.5
2.1
2.2
5.2

322.1
15.0
1.7
5.4
24.4
4.1
10.4
162.9
49.4
67.0
8.2
14.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.3

321.3
14.7
1.8
5.5
24.2
4.1
10.4
162.5
49.3
66.8
8.3
14.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.3

1,752.6
84.9
15.6
37.0
98.3
26.2
54.6
846.3
284.1
376.0
41.8
78.0
13.4
13.7
14.4
39.1

1,819.8
89.4
16.8
39.0
102.9
26.3
58.0
905.9
308.3
389.5
43.9
82.7
15.2
14.5
15.1
40.7

1,776.2
87.5
16.4
39.2
100.7
26.1
56.3
882.8
293.7
381.5
43.1
79.7
14.3
14.3
14.7
40.2

700.7
30.7
8.1
15.4
66.5
14.2
18.1
293.6
115.8
121.2
18.6
34.9
5.6
24.4
6.2
16.6

731.1
31.5
8.7
15.6
67.4
14.5
19.6
300.4
118.3
124.6
19.9
35.7
5.8
26.8
6.4
16.5

715.9
31.1
8.4
15.4
66.6
14.3
19.0
298.1
116.6
122.0
19.2
35.5
5.7
25.0
6.3
16.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
.
Outchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

. . . .
,..

North Carolina
Asheville
.
....
...
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
.
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield .
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

.

. .
.

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburo-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown '.
Lancaster
.
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
.
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
.
State Colleae
Williamsport
York

See footnotes at end of table.




...

.

••

•• ••
... .

.
.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

446.4
504.9

473.6
527.1

456.7
508.2

1,781.5
233.5
292.9
468.4

1,863.1
249.3
305.7
485.2

1,827.9
245.9
302.2
476.5

(1)
(1)
(1)

358.9
46.8
107.2

377.9
49.8
112.8

370.8
48.7
110.6

(1)
(1)

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,603.8
221.6
194.9
320.5
570.7
649.9

2,720.3
232.3
200.4
333.9
598.3
680.4

2,656.2
228.0
197.2
325.8
587.0
665.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,957.5
55.5
96.0
610.1
159.4
74.2
100.7
70.3
156.8
1,856.7
246.4
743.2
87.5
1,995.9
99.9
63.8
90.0
114.4
143.7
101.4
42.6
685.4
43.9
51.2
79.2
35.3
97.7
58.9

9,343.1
56.9
99.4
651.7
159.2
74.6
105.2
77.2
159.4
1,948.3
255.4
781.7
89.2
2,069.7
103.6
67.2
91.7
121.8
152.2
101.4
43.8
716.2
46.0
53.2
82.7
37.3
102.3
59.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

1,016.9
142.4
682.1

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

December
1999

January
2000P

.2
.3

.2
.2

2.0

1.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.1

January
2000P

14.6
16.1

18.2
19.3

16.0
16.6

1.9

109.4
18.1
16.6
30.8

117.3
19.1
17.4
32.5

115.4
19.1
17.7
31.6

1.0

13.6
2.6
4.6

16.2
3.0
5.0

15.2
2.7
4.4

4.1

126.4
9.9
11.6
16.3
27.4
33.3

116.6
9.2
11.0
16.0
26.5
31.1

(1)
(1)
4.2

December
1999

.2
.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
1.1

1.2

January
1999

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

113.0
9.1
10.8
15.3
24.9
30.4

9,178.1
56.0
97.3
642.6
156.9
73.4
104.8
72.5
157.1
1,913.4
251.3
767.1
87.7
2,034.4
102.3
66.1
90.0
118.8
151.1
99.1
43.3
708.1
45.4
52.2
81.2
36.6
100.7
58.1

153.6
.8
.6
1.3
.9
1.5
(1)
.8
2.2
10.3
(1)
4.4
.5
66.2
(1)
1.5
3.3
.1
1.2
11.3
.6
2.0
(1)
(1)
1.3
1.5
(1)
.9

144.2
.8
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
(1)
.7
2.1
10.0
(1)
4.1
.5
62.3
(1)
1.0
3.1
.1
1.2
10.9
.6
2.0
(1)
(1)
1.3
1.6
(1)
.9

143.7
.8
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
(1)
.7
2.1
9.8
(1)
4.0
.6
62.2
(1)
1.0
3.1
.1
1.2
10.8
.6
2.0
(1)
(1)
1.3
1.6
(1)
.9

498.8
2.3
4.7
33.8
16.6
9.4
3.5
3.1
13.4
90.0
11.8
37.9
4.6
140.3
4.3
2.2
4.3
4.2
7.2
6.2
2.0
36.6
2.5
2.1
3.3
2.3
4.8
2.2

535.6
2.4
5.3
37.8
15.3
10.0
3.8
3.3
12.8
100.6
13.4
41.9
4.5
149.1
4.6
2.5
4.7
4.3
8.2
5.4
2.1
38.4
2.7
2.1
3.5
2.6
5.4
2.1

529.0
2.4
5.3
37.6
15.1
10.0
3.8
3.3
13.0
98.0
13.1
40.2
4.5
148.3
4.6
2.5
4.4
4.2
8.2
5.3
2.2
38.2
2.7
2.1
3.5
2.5
5.4
2.0

1,075.7
151.1
718.6

1,043.1
146.3
699.9

7.7

(1)

65.1
9.4
42.8

74.7
10.6
49.0

69.5
9.7
46.0

284.5
31.3
100.4

297.9
32.7
107.4

291.8
32.4
104.3

.4

12.3
1.2
4.9

14.8
1.6
6.0

13.3
1.2
5.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,316.6
37.2
81.9
45.8
99.9
670.3
1,046.1
535.5
141.2

3,472.7
39.8
87.7
47.4
104.4
699\3
1,114.4
558.9
145.4

3,403.2
39.2
84.4
46.6
102.4
682.4
1,096.0
549.7
142.7

9.8

185.3
1.4
4.3
2.1
5.6
39.8
57.8
32.7
8.5

201.3
1.3
4.7
2.3
6.0
42.1
64.7
34.8
9.0

194.4
1.3
4.7
2.0
5.8
41.8
63.3
33.3
8.9

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,572.8
1,354.9
185.3
232.6

2,678.7
1,406.7
191.9
243.3

2,614.5
1,375.4
188.9
238.6

137.8
71.8
9.1
14.1

154.2
79.4
10.7
14.6

145.7
76.2
9.7
14.0

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




89

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

<;>
(1)
.6

.5

7.9

7.6
(1)

(1)

2.8

2.9

.5

.6

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

10.5
(1)
1
( )
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

(J)
(1) .8

(1)
(1)

(M
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.8
.9

1

( )

( )
3.3
.7

1

( )

3.2
.7
1

( )
.2

.8
.9
1

( )
3.2
.7

1

2.9

9.8

.9
1

.5

( )
.2

.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
January
1999

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

75.6
97.1

74.6
96.6

73.7
95.3

15.3
17.4

16.4
18.3

15.5
17.5

97.6
115.9

108.6
125.1

102.7
118.1

348.4
21.7
27.1
119.2

344.6
22.5
27.1
118.2

343.8
22.5
27.1
117.8

85.1
12.5
13.3
19.5

89.7
13.6
13.7
20.7

87.9
13.4
13.7
20.2

420.3
57.2
65.6
119.5

452.4
63.0
71.6
127.1

435.8
60.8
69.2
123.7

49.7
4.6
14.6

50.4
4.4
14.7

50.1
4.4
14.6

16.6
2.0
6.8

16.9
2.2
6.6

16.8
2.1
6.5

86.7
13.2
26.3

93.3
14.8
28.1

90.6
14.2
27.2

506.2
43.5
48.6
49.1
62.8
95.6

509.2
44.3
47.3
50.0
62.5
97.9

509.4
44.6
47.1
49.4
62.0
97.3

166.4
17.3
7.7
14.7
67.6
33.4

173.7
19.0
8.3
14.7
72.6
35.2

169.5
19.0
8.3
14.6
70.7
34.6

612.8
47.1
44.7
84.7
142.7
158.9

651.5
50.6
46.8
90.0
153.5
166.9

619.9
48.4
45.7
86.4
147.6
161.6

1,091.8
3.4
9.2
79.1
24.9
15.3
12.6
4.8
13.2
249.6
40.6
111.3
8.4
215.1
9.5
1.8
18.9
7.1
12.7
6.8
4.6
53.0
9.9
5.7
11.0
3.2
16.5
8.8

1,085.4
3.4
8.9
81.8
24.2
13.7
12.6
5.3
13.3
248.2
39.3
112.7
8.1
205.3
9.5
2.0
18.3
7.1
13.2
6.5
4.7
54.3
9.7
5.9
11.3
3.1
16.8
8.0

1,077.0
3.4
8.8
81.7
24.0
13.3
12.5
5.3
13.2
246.6
38.7
111.8
8.1
204.2
9.5
2.0
18.0
7.1
13.1
6.3
4.7
54.2
9.6
5.9
11.4
3.1
16.7
8.0

551.6
2.5
5.3
20.2
7.8
2.7
5.0
1.6
6.6
127.2
14.1
72.6
3.6
146.0
3.4
11.4
4.0
6.1
5.3
3.9
2.8
33.2
1.6
2.5
3.4
1.5
4.2
2.5

576.6
2.6
5.4
22.6
7.8
2.8
5.2
1.6
6.9
132.0
15.5
75.8
3.8
150.6
3.5
12.1
4.1
6.6
6.2
3.9
2.8
35.1
1.7
2.7
3.4
1.7
4.6
2.5

571.2
2.6
5.3
22.6
7.8
2.7
5.2
1.6
6.8
130.6
15.5
76.0
3.7
148.6
3.4
12.1
4.0
6.6
6.1
3.9
2.8
34.7
1.7
2.6
3.4
1.6
4.6
2.5

2,117.1
14.5
26.6
133.8
36.2
15.1
24.2
15.0
36.0
450.6
57.5
185.4
19.2
452.8
23.1
17.0
22.6
32.0
39.6
27.1
10.0
165.6
9.8
13.7
21.2
9.4
21.8
13.7

2,263.6
15.0
27.8
148.1
37.4
15.8
25.7
15.7
37.4
479.3
60.8
198.5
20.9
485.2
24.9
18.1
23.3
34.0
41.9
27.9
10.4
178.0
10.3
14.4
23.5
9.8
23.1
14.4

2,186.1
14.4
26.7
143.3
36.3
15.3
25.5
15.2
36.2
464.4
58.7
192.0
20.0
468.6
24.0
17.5
22.6
32.7
40.8
26.8
10.0
171.9
9.9
13.9
22.2
9.6
22.3
13.7

130.7
17.7
84.0

133.6
18.4
84.8

131.6
18.0
83.8

58.0
2.2
46.3

60.7
2.4
47.2

58.8
2.3
46.2

242.2
33.3
163.7

258.9
35.8
174.4

246.7
34.0
165.7

47.3
3.3
18.2

48.4
4.0
19.5

47.5
3.7
19.3

12.1
1.1
4.9

12.5
1.1
4.8

12.6
1.1
4.7

65.2
6.9
22.4

69.0
7.0
23.4

67.3
7.0
23.0

Virginia
Bristol
Chariottesville
Danvilie
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

396.8
9.2
8.1
15.2
25.2
69.9
41.0
60.3
19.0

398.8
9.4
8.4
15.5
24.7
69.7
38.7
61.6
19.0

396.9
9.5
8.2
15.5
24.8
68.9
38.9
61.0
18.9

171.2
1.3
2.3
1.0
3.5
30.9
65.9
26.7
8.4

183.4
1.4
2.5
1.1
3.7
34.5
71.6
28.5
8.9

181.0
1.4
2.4
1.0
3.7
34.2
71.2
28.4
8.7

725.6
10.3
16.1
9.6
20.6
157.4
216.7
123.8
35.8

774.8
11.4
18.0
10.4
22.9
169.1
233.4
130.9
37.8

743.7
11.1
17.0
10.0
21.6
159.8
222.4
125.7
36.3

Washington

366.5
222.0
21.2
24.2

354.5
206.9
21.4
24.6

349.7
205.0
21.5
24.3

134.7
80.7
7.8
9.5

141.3
86.9
8.0
9.2

137.8
84.8
8.1
9.3

616.3
316.7
47.7
57.1

658.7
338.2
49.8
60.1

634.1
327.9
49.8
58.3

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City

Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt LakeCity-Ogden

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

See footnotes at end of table.




90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
iand real estate

Services

Government

State and area
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fail River-Warwick

29.1
30.5

29.7
31.1

29.4
30.8

149.9
161.5

161.1
169.7

155.0
163.5

64.1
66.2

64.8
66.7

64.2
66.2

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

79.3
8.5
22.2
16.2

82.5
8.9
23.2
16.5

81.2
8.7
23.1
16.4

421.7
65.4
72.4
102.4

451.3
72.8
76.7
109.8

441.6
72.7
76.2
107.0

315.4
50.1
75.7
60.8

323.3
49.4
76.0
60.4

320.3
48.7
75.2
59.8

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

23.5
2.9
12.7

25.2
3.2
13.5

25.2
3.3
13.7

96.3
14.2
32.2

101.3
14.6
34.7

99.9
14.5
34.1

71.3
7.3
10.0

73.5
7.6
10.2

72.0
7.5
10.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

129.2
16.1
8.2
14.9
29.0
43.2

130.5
16.6
7.9
15.5
28.7
44.0

130.0
16.6
7.9
15.6
28.7
43.9

685.7
55.7
45.6
86.5
163.4
204.6

724.9
58.4
48.2
91.2
170.8
216.3

715.4
57.1
47.9
88.4
169.9
211.8

386.4
32.8
29.3
54.7
80.3
83.8

399.9
33.5
30.3
55.7
82.8
86.8

391.3
33.1
29.3
54.9
81.6
85.0

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

505.3
2.5
5.4
32.3
5.2
2.0
3.7
2.7
6.2
153.0
9.9
35.2
6.3
110.0
4.2
2.4
3.6
5.8
5.1
3.9
1.7
46.9
2.5
1.7
3.9
1.5
6.3
2.2

529.8
2.5
5.5
34.4
5.4
2.0
3.8
2.7
6.3
157.6
9.9
36.9
5.8
116.2
4.7
2.6
3.7
6.1
5.4
4.0
1.8
50.9
2.8
1.8
4.1
1.5
6.7
2.3

525.8
2.5
5.5
34.3
5.3
2.0
3.8
2.7
6.1
156.1
9.9
36.6
5.9
115.0
4.6
2.7
3.7
6.1
5.4
4.0
1.7
50.9
2.8
1.8
4.1
1.5
6.6
2.2

2,514.4
19.4
27.4
178.0
41.1
14.0
27.8
15.7
48.8
566.9
58.1
201.1
19.1
604.8
27.5
12.4
21.7
34.0
33.6
24.0
12.1
213.3
11.7
14.1
23.5
9.5
28.8
15.9

2,628.0
20.0
28.2
190.6
40.8
14.3
29.5
16.6
49.6
602.7
60.4
212.2
20.1
628.2
28.1
13.3
22.5
37.0
35.5
24.1
12.3
223.3
12.5
14.8
23.7
10.3
30.6
15.9

2,588.0
19.8
28.0
187.3
40.4
14.3
29.4
16.3
49.2
592.6
59.9
208.1
19.6
617.2
28.1
13.1
22.3
36.7
35.7
23.6
12.2
222.8
12.6
14.6
23.5
10.2
30.0
15.9

1,524.9
10.1
16.8
131.6
26.7
14.2
23.9
26.6
30.4
209.1
54.4
95.3
25.8
260.7
27.9
15.1
11.6
25.1
39.0
18.2
8.8
134.8
5.9
11.4
11.6
6.4
15.3
12.7

1,579.9
10.2
17.7
135.1
27.4
14.7
24.6
31.3
31.0
217.9
56.1
99.6
25.5
272.8
28.3
15.6
12.0
26.6
40.6
18.7
9.1
134.2
6.3
11.5
11.9
6.7
15.1
12.9

1,557.3
10.1
17.1
134.5
27.1
14.5
24.6
27.4
30.5
215.3
55.5
98.4
25.3
270.3
28.1
15.2
11.9
25.3
40.6
18.4
9.1
133.4
6.1
11.3
11.8
6.5
15.1
12.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

56.1
4.5
45.9

57.8
4.6
47.8

56.6
4.6
46.5

280.7
55.7
184.2

300.2
59.1
196.4

292.1
57.9
193.5

176.5
19.6
112.4

181.9
20.2
116.1

180.1
19.8
115.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.4
2.4
5.1

12.5
2.5
5.4

12.4
2.5
5.4

88.0
8.8
29.7

90.3
8.7
31.3

91.0
9.1
30.4

46.7
7.6
15.2

49.8
7.8
17.0

47.3
7.8
15.9

Virginia
Bristol
Chartottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

180.3
1.2
4.7
1.4
4.3
34.0
59.7
47.1
10.1

184.4
1.2
4.8
1.5
4.3
34.5
60.5
49.4
10.2

183.3
1.2
4.8
1.4
4.3
34.2
60.1
49.5
10.2

1,042.8
8.1
21.0
10.4
27.7
195.8
424.2
141.3
41.4

1,097.1
9.1
22.2
10.5
29.2
203.6
456.9
147.2
43.1

1,082.1
8.8
21.9
10.6
28.7
199.9
452.6
146.3
42.3

604.1
5.7
25.4
6.1
13.0
142.5
180.0
102.7
18.0

623.1
6.0
27.1
6.1
13.6
145.8
187.8
105.6
17.4

612.0
5.9
25.4
6.1
13.5
143.6
186.7
104.6
17.4

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

135.7
83.1
10.8
12.3

139.2
85.8
11.1
13.0

135.6
84.3
10.9
12.6

707.4
394.3
57.0
66.6

748.0
418.5
58.1
71.5

732.4
408.6
56.9
70.0

471.2
185.6
31.7
48.6

479.5
190.3
32.8
50.1

476.0
187.9
32.0
49.9

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
January
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

705.0
131.5
119.9
67.2
65.1

736.9
136.7
126.6
72.1
68.1

713.2
134.0
122.6
69.6
65.6

22.1
2.1
1.0
.3
1.7

21.4
2.2
1.0
.3

2,686.6
195.3
72.8
139.4
69.3
53.5
68.7
275.0
839.2
79.3
59.7
66.5

2,816.2
208.1
78.3

2,742.9
204.5
75.6

2.1

148.6
70.2
56.8

146.7
68.9
55.1
68.9
282.4
863.5

Wyoming
Casper

220.9
30.3

232.3
31.1

226.7
30.5

15.6
1.7

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

988.2
68.7
70.8
76.2

1,009.7

981.2
69.5
66.2
77.1
615.5

1.3

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

71.9
288.8
881.6
81.9
62.2
70.3

619.0
41.2

40.8

See footnotes at end of table.




92

January
2000P

1.7

33.3
6.7
5.7
4.3
2.9

28.5
6.0
5.0
3.8
2.2

2.5

2.1

101.1
10.1
2.5
6.5
2.7
2.1
2.3
12.0
28.1
3.0
2.4
2.8

120.3
12.5

14.2
35.4
3.2
2.7
3.3

108.7
11.9
2.7
6.9
2.9
2.2
2.4
12.9
32.1
2.7
2.5
3.0

15.6
1.7

14.0
1.8

16.4
1.8

15.1
1.7

1.5

62.7
3.7
4.6
6.0
42.3

68.8
4.3
4.6
7.1
45.5

67.4
4.3
4.2
7.2
44.3

1.4

1.8

< >
(
>

16.0
1.8

1.4
1

December
1999

28.8
5.9
4.6
3.4
1.9

)
)

< )
< >

January
1999

20.8
2.2
1.0
.3
1.7

79.7
61.6
69.4

71.2
68.6
78.6
633.7

(
(

January
2000P

< )
< >

3.1
7.6
3.2
2.4

2.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
January
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

December
1999

January
2000P

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

80.8
10.2
15.3
12.7
5.9

82.6
10.4
15.3
12.9
6.0

82.4
10.4
15.4
12.7
5.8

37.1
9.0
6.6
2.6
2.5

38.4
9.8
6.7
2.8
2.6

37.7
9.6
6.7
2.7
2.5

158.2
31.0
30.7
16.6
16.3

166.9
31.8
32.5
18.5
17.5

159.7
30.6
30.7
17.9
16.9

612.1
59.3
13.7
29.0
20.4
12.3
11.9
29.7
175.6
24.2
25.3
18.5

613.3
60.6
13.6
29.8
19.5
12.1
11.2
31.0
173.6
24.0
26.6
19.0

611.2
60.7
13.6
30.1
19.2
12.0
11.2
30.8
172.6
24.0
26.6
19.0

126.4
8.2
3.5
10.1
3.0
1.9
3.3
9.2
40.1
2.4
1.5
3.4

133.2
9.0
3.6
11.0
3.3
2.0
3.5
9.7
41.1
2.4
1.5
3.4

129.7
8.8
3.4
11.0
3.4
2.0
3.4
9.4
40.0
2.2
1.4
3.3

604.5
40.7
19.4
32.0
16.0
13.0
17.7
60.2
180.7
16.9
10.5
16.4

651.1
44.6
21.6
34.6
16.7
15.0
18.5
64.5
193.1
18.0
10.9
17.8

621.9
42.7
20.8
33.8
16.3
14.4
17.9
61.0
186.6
17.1
10.8
17.5

10.9
1.5

11.4
1.5

11.0
1.5

13.9
1.7

14.1
1.6

13.8
1.6

50.6
8.2

53.6
8.7

51.8
8.5

144.1
14.7
17.8
9.1
66.2

142.0
14.0
14.6
9.0
66.3

141.4
13.8
14.5
9.0
65.8

27.6
1.3
.8
2.2
20.5

34.0
1.7
1.2
2.6
24.5

33.8
1.6
1.3
2.5
24.8

206.3
16.0
12.3
13.6
135.1

221.1
17.9
13.3
15.7
144.6

208.7
17.1
12.5
15.0
136.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

9.1

9.0

(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




January
1999

93

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
January
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

December
1999

January
2000P

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

29.6
8.1
4.5
2.6
2.8

29.6
7.9
5.0
2.6
2.8

29.5
7.8
5.0
2.6
2.8

210.1
41.5
36.2
19.8
23.9

221.5
43.1
38.0
21.2
24.4

216.0
42.8
37.7
20.3
23.7

138.3
23.7
21.0
9.2
10.1

143.2
24.8
22.4

143.9
9.4
2.4
11.1
1.8
1.6
2.5
22.5
57.7
2.4
2.1
5.1

148.1

701.4
45.0
20.1
34.3
16.7
14.1
21.2
68.6
266.0
21.0
11.6
12.7

741.9
48.2
21.9
36.2
16.9
14.9
22.1
72.9
286.3
22.3
11.6
13.8

724.5
47.9
21.6
35.3
16.7
14.5
21.6
72.5
280.3
21.8
11.5
13.8

395.0
22.5
11.1
16.3
8.6
8.4

406.0
23.5
12.2
17.0
8.8
8.8
11.0
73.2

59.6
2.4
2.2
5.2

147.8
9.6
2.4
13.0
1.8
1.5
2.6
23.4
59.9
2.4
2.2
5.2

7.8
1.2

8.1
1.2

8.1
1.2

48.9
8.7

52.7
9.1

52.0
8.8

48.2
1.8
2.1
2.2
38.0

50.2
1.8
2.2
2.4
40.0

49.3
1.7
2.0
2.3

202.3
12.7
12.1
17.9
135.4

210.9
13.4
12.7
17.5
138.5

205.7
12.7
12.0
17.5
136.3

1.9

1.9

10.8

10.3

9.6
2.4
12.5
1.8
1.5
2.7
23.3

39.0

1

9.5
10.2

January
2000P

138.6

24.6
21.1
9.3
10.0

9.6
6.7
7.7

397.0
22.8
11.1
16.6
8.8
8.4
9.7
72.4
91.9
9.4
6.6
7.6

59.2
5.5

60.0
5.4

59.3
5.5

295.7
18.5
21.1
25.2
180.9

281.3
18.1
20.0
24.3
173.6

273.4
18.3
19.7
23.6

13.2

13.0

9.7
72.9
91.1
9.4
6.3
7.5

92.6

168.2

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
2




January
1999

94

Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

Employment and Unemployment:

Employment, hours, and earnings by industry
National
State and area.
National labor force statistics
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cewhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

Prices and Living Conditions:

Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ppihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/csxhome.htm

Compensation and Working Conditions:

National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Safety and health

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cbahome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ebshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

Productivity:

Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Multifactor productivity
Employment Projections

http://stats.bls.gov/lprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm

International data:

Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes




http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

34.5

34.0

34.6

34.4

34.2

41.0

40.5

41.5

40.8

40.9

43.8

42.3

44.4

44.4

44.3

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

4.5
4.7

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

44.5
44.9
47.0

43.7
44.7
45.5

44.3
44.4
46.1

45.1
46.2
45.7

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

44.8
45.0

45.2
45.4

44.3
44.6

45.7
45.9

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

42.5
40.6
43.7

40.6
40.1
40.9

44.1
41.7
45.4

44.0
42.5
44.8

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

46.3
48.1

44.1
46.0

45.3
46.9

44.4
45.9

39.0

37.9

38.7

38.3

15
152
153
154

38.1
36.9
38.1
39.4

37.2
35.6
37.2
38.8

37.8
36.8
36.8
38.9

37.5
36.0
36.8
39.0

16
161
162

42.8
43.6
42.5

41.0
39.8
41.3

41.6
41.0
41.8

41.8
40.9
42.1

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

38.5
39.2
37.1
39.7
36.1
36.9
35.2

37.4
38.9
36.2
39.4
35.0
35.5
32.8

38.4
39.6
37.6
40.4
35.8
37.0
33.7

37.8
39.0
36.2
39.4
35.4
36.3
32.7

41.7
42.2
41.2
41.2
42.7
43.2
41.2
41.6
41.2
41.2
42.3
43.1
39.2
38.4
38.4
40.5

41.3
41.9
40.7
40.9
42.2
42.7
4.1.1
41.1
41.1
40.0
42.1
43.4
38.6
37.8
38.4
40.1

42.5
43.1
41.3
40.1
43.2
43.8
41.7
42.0
41.6
41.3
43.5
43.9
39.7
36.6
36.1
41.6

41.6
42.2
40.7
40.7
42.7
43.5
40.6
41.1
40.2
40.7
42.9
45.0
38.4
36.5
36.1
40.9

41.6
42.2
40.5

4.6
4.8
4.4
5.1
5.2
5.7
3.6
4.5
3.9
4.6
5.1
5.9
3.5
2.6
2.3
3.7

4.3
4.5
4.1
5.4
5.0
5.4
3.5
4.3
3.7
3.7
5.2
6.4
3.3
2.3
2.4
3.3

5.1
5.3
4.2
4.2
5.2
5.7
3.5
4.4
3.9
4.3
5.6
5.4
3.6
1.9
1.6
4.5

4.5
4.6
4.0
4.5
5.1
5.8
2.9
4.0
3.3
4.0
5.3
6.0
2.9
1.9
1.7
3.8

40.3
39.3
39.4
39.1
41.1
39.5
42.3
40.7
42.0
39.9

40.1
39.6
39.3
39.8
40.7
39.9
41.3
39.8
42.2
38.3

41.1
40.8
40.8
40.6
43.3
40.5
43.1
41.2
41.0
40.5

40.1
39.7
39.8
38.5
43.7
40.6
42.5
39.8
40.4
38.6

39.7

3.7
3.1
3.2
2.8
3.6
3.8
4.5
4.9
4.6
3.6

3.5
3.1
3.1
2.7
3.8
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.5
3.0

4.2
4.0
3.8
4.0
5.8
4.0
4.8
4.7
4.1
4.0

3.6
3.5
3.6
2.9
5.3
4.0
4.3
3.8
3.7
2.4

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members ..
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

24
241
242
2421
2426
243

2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514

2515
252
253
254
259

See footnotes at end of table.




96

38.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

$13.24

$13.11

$13.47

$13.58

$13.56

$456.78

$445.74

$466.06

$467.15

$463.75

14.82

14.46

15.09

15.04

15.04

607.62

585.63

626.24

613.63

615.14

17.04

17.23

17.13

17.25

17.18

746.35

728.83

760.57

765.90

761.07

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

18.24
19.97
16.46

18.21
20.04
16.79

18.67
20.29
16.52

18.85
20.60
16.54

811.68
896.65
773.62

795.78
895.79
763.95

827.08
900.88
761.57

850.14
951.72
755.88

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

19.28
19.53

19.26
19.49

19.45
19.68

19.44
19.67

863.74
878.85

870.55
884.85

861.64
877.73

888.41
902.85

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

16.86
23.15
13.49

17.15
23.35
13.76

16.86
23.51
13.38

16.98
23.56
13.42

716.55
939.89
589.51

696.29
936.34
562.78

743.53
980.37
607.45

747.12
1,001.30
601.22

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

15.11
14.47

14.90
14.10

15.22
14.62

15.23
14.64

699.59
696.01

657.09
648.60

689.47
685.68

676.21
671.98

17.13

16.74

17.42

17.33

668.07

634.45

674.15

663.74

15
152
153
154

16.49
15.32
15.27
17.64

16.22
15.15
15.30
17.23

16.88
15.64
15.79
18.10

16.90
15.76
16.45
18.00

628.27
565.31
581.79
695.02

603.38
539.34
569.16
668.52

638.06
575.55
581.07
704.09

633.75
567.36
605.36
702.00

16
161
162

16.74
16.99
16.63

16.01
15.40
16.19

16.56
16.40
16.62

16.46
15.97
16.61

716.47
740.76
706.78

656.41
612.92
668.65

688.90
672.40
694.72

688.03
653.17
699.28

17
171
172
173
174

17.43
17.68
15.55
19.09
17.08
17.21
15.25

17.08
17.36
15.37
18.65
16.69
16.66
14.83

17.79
18.07
15.78
19.62
17.24
17.52
15.63

17.67
18.03
15.57
19.43
17.12
17.61
15.36

671.06
693.06
576.91
757.87
616.59
635.05
536.80

638.79
675.30
556.39
734.81
584.15
591.43
486.42

683.14
715.57
593.33
792.65
617.19
648.24
526.73

667.93
703.17
563.63
765.54
606.05
639.24
502.27

13.91
14.40
11.46
13.24
11.40
11.86

14.21
14.73
11.63
13.29
11.52
11.98
9.90
11.81
11.89
11.79
10.53
14.12
9.38
11.82
12.07
11.07

14.19
14.71
11.68
13.26
11.70
12.21
9.87
11.85
11.88
11.75
10.65
14.36
9.37
11.75
11.95
11.03

14.18
14.70
11.64

580.05
607.68
472.15
545.49
486.78
512.35
401.29
482.14
477.10
479.16
437.38
599.52
361.82
445.44
452.74
440.24

564.16
591.21
459.10
520.66
475.59
500.44
397.03
468.95
466.90
459.20
431.95
588.07
351.65
436.59
449.66
429.47

603.93
634.86
480.32
532.93
497.66
524.72
412.83
496.02
494.62
486.93
458.06
619.87
372.39
432.61
435.73
460.51

590.30
620.76
475.38
539.68
499.59
531.14
400.72
487.04
477.58
478.23
456.89
646.20
359.81
428.88
431.40
451.13

589.89
620.34
471.42

9.74
11.59
11.58
11.63
10.34
13.91
9.23
11.60
11.79
10.87

13.66
14.11
11.28
12.73
11.27
11.72
9.66
11.41
11.36
11.48
10.26
13.55
9.11
11.55
11.71
10.71

11.23
10.67
10.18
11.47
9.89
11.38
11.89
12.49
11.84
11.35

11.10
10.55
10.10
11.29
9.70
11.43
11.86
12.50
11.60
11.22

11.46
10.89
10.37
11.73
10.23
11.51
12.36
12.53
12.14
11.64

11.44
10.86
10.40
11.61
10.13
11.65
12.37
12.55
12.02
11.79

11.44

452.57
419.33
401.09
448.48
406.48
449.51
502.95
508.34
497.28
452.87

445.11
417.78
396.93
449.34
394.79
456.06
489.82
497.50
489.52
429.73

471.01
444.31
423.10
476.24
442.96
466.16
532.72
516.24
497.74
471.42

458.74
431.14
413.92
446.99
442.68
472.99
525.73
499.49
485.61
455.09

454.17

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

175

176

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451

249
25
251
2511
2512
2514

2515
252
253
254
259

See footnotes at end of table.




97

17.37

670.48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

43.4
42.8
42.3
44.1
41.3
42.7
44.6
42.0
41.5
44.8
47.1
44.3
44.3
43.2
42.5
47.7

42.5
43.0
41.6
43.2
40.6
43.1
45.4
41.7
41.7
42.6
45.0
43.8
40.5
43.0
41.1
47.0

43.3
42.8
42.9
43.8
42.4
43.5
43.5
42.7
42.6
43.3
45.9
43.7
41.9
44.3
45.0
48.0

42.5
43.4
41.9
43.0
41.3
42.9
44.0
42.6
41.7
42.4
45.5
42.8
41.1
43.3
43.2
46.2

42.4

6.4
5.6
5.4
6.4
4.8
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.8
7.9
9.3
7.2
8.0
5.6
3.2
10.0

5.7
6.6
4.9
5.7
4.4
4.9
6.9
4.9
4.9
6.7
8.2
6.9
5.8
5.2
2.5
9.0

6.0
5.5
5.2
5.8
4.8
5.7
5.1
5.6
5.2
6.8
8.6
6.7
6.2
5.8
4.0
8.8

5.5
4.9
4.8
5.6
4.4
4.9
6.0
5.0
4.6
6.3
7.9
6.2
5.8
5.3
3.3
9.1

44.2
44.8
45.1
44.6
44.4
45.9
43.1
41.7
43.9
44.1
44.2
43.0
43.8
44.2
43.3
43.9

43.8
44.0
44.3
43.7
44.3
45.7
44.4
42.2
43.1
43.3
43.5
44.7
42.5
43.4
43.4
43.4

45.3
46.0
46.4
45.8
45.3
46.9
42.2
42.0
44.0
44.2
45.5
43.7
44.4
45.2
44.1
44.8

44.7
45.4
45.8
44.8
45.1
46.8
41.5
41.5
44.1
44.1
44.7
43.1
44.2
44.8
43.3
43.9

44.5
45.5

6.5
6.3
6.5
6.0
6.6
7.8
6.8
4.6
6.7
7.3
7.6
8.0
9.7
7.4
5.3
5.5

6.2
5.7
5.8
5.7
6.1
7.2
6.8
4.8
6.6
6.9
7.5
8.7
9.8
7.1
5.3
5.2

7.1
6.8
6.9
7.2
7.3
8.4
8.1
4.6
6.7
7.3
8.1
8.6
9.8
7.9
6.0
6.4

6.7
6.7
7.0
6.5
6.7
7.8
6.4
3.7
6.9
7.2
7.8
8.3
9.4
8.1
5.3
5.4

42.2
44.9
45.0
41.8
42.7
41.7
42.8
41.9
41.7
41.9
43.2
41.1
42.4
41.3
41.2
42.6
41.3
44.0
43.0
41.8
44.2
41.5
41.6
41.1
42.4
41.9
43.5
41.6
40.9
41.0

41.8
43.9
44.2
41.8
43.2
41.7
42.0
41.8
41.3
41.6
43.9
39.9
42.5
40.7
41.2
43.0
41.2
45.1
42.5
42.5
43.1
40.8
40.5
40.0
41.2
41.1
43.8
41.4
41.3
40.4

43.2
45.4
45.4
43.4
43.2
43.6
45.1
44.4
44.0
42.7
43.7
42.0
44.1
41.6
42.0
44.0
43.0
45.1
44.1
43.4
45.7
42.2
42.6
42.2
43.3
42.4
43.8
42.7
42.1
42.0

42.2
44.7
45.1
42.3
42.3
42.5
42.6
41.0
41.4
41.9
43.3
40.4
43.4
41.0
41.6
43.4
42.2
44.7
42.9
44.1
43.4
41.5
41.6
41.3
42.0
41.0
42.5
41.6
40.9
41.6

42.2

4.7
7.1
7.1
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.2
3.7
4.6
5.9
3.8
5.0
4.0
4.1
4.9
4.2
5.8
5.4
4.8
6.1
4.3
4.8
4.6
5.1
3.8
3.1
4.1
3.4
3.9

4.5
6.3
6.4
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.6
6.3
3.5
5.1
3.9
4.1
5.0
4.2
6.0
5.1
5.3
5.5
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.3
3.2
4.0
3.9
3.7

5.3
6.9
6.7
4.7
4.3
5.2
5.3
4.2
5.3
5.0
6.1
4.1
6.1
4.1
3.9
5.7
5.1
6.4
6.4
5.7
7.5
4.8
5.1
4.9
5.4
4.2
3.2
4.8
4.2
4.5

4.7
6.1
6.0
4.1
3.8
4.7
4.5
3.7
3.9
4.5
5.8
3.2
5.4
3.8
4.0
5.4
4.9
5.9
5.3
5.7
5.6
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.6
3.7
2.6
4.3
3.7
3.9

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

98

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim

Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341

3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444

3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

$13.90
18.30
15.75
16.93
15.03
12.50
19.17
12.32
12.00
13.52
13.10
12.04
14.44
14.11
13.13
14.54

$13.66
17.70
15.66
16.53
15.09
12.49
19.27
12.07
11.96
13.07
12.59
11.79
13.90
13.85
12.81
14.32

$14.00
18.90
15.68
16.87
14.98
12.62
19.34
12.45
11.92
13.59
13.25
12.14
14.49
14.39
13.64
14.57

$13.97
18.86
15.76
16.93
15.09
12.63
19.30
12.52
11.94
13.48
13.14
12.04
14.42
14.34
13.41
14.44

$13.96

$603.26
783.24
666.23
746.61
620.74
533.75
854.98
517.44
498.00
605.70
617.01
533.37
639.69
609.55
558.03
693.56

$580.55
761.10
651.46
714.10
612.65
538.32
874.86
503.32
498.73
556.78
566.55
516.40
562.95
595.55
526.49
673.04

$606.20
808.92
672.67
738.91
635.15
548.97
841.29
531.62
507.79
588.45
608.18
530.52
607.13
637.48
613.80
699.36

$593.73
818.52
660.34
727.99
623.22
541.83
849.20
533.35
497.90
571.55
597.87
515.31
592.66
620.92
579.31
667.13

$591.90

15.85
18.87
20.62
14.18
14.69
15.32
14.62
13.90
17.58
17.63
14.52
15.75
17.12
14.14
12.81
12.28

15.39
18.41
20.02
14.18
14.03
14.47
13.96
13.74
17.17
17.06
14.27
15.47
16.45
13.97
12.43
11.96

16.19
19.16
20.94
14.36
15.05
15.77
14.94
14.16
18.03
18.05
14.80
16.20
17.11
14.56
13.24
12.96

16.20
19.20
20.99
14.36
15.16
16.03
14.91
13.89
17.78
17.65
14.78
16.02
16.72
14.53
13.17
12.73

16.19
19.17

700.57
845.38
929.96
632.43
652.24
703.19
630.12
579.63
771.76
777.48
641.78
677.25
749.86
624.99
554.67
539.09

674.08
810.04
886.89
619.67
621.53
661.28
619.82
579.83
740.03
738.70
620.75
691.51
699.13
606.30
539.46
519.06

733.41
881.36
971.62
657.69
681.77
739.61
630.47
594.72
793.32
797.81
673.40
707.94
759.68
658.11
583.88
580.61

724.14
871.68
961.34
643.33
683.72
750.20
618.77
576.44
784.10
778.37
660.67
690.46
739.02
650.94
570.26
558.85

720.46
872.24

13.46
16.73
17.71
12.41
12.73
12.26
12.07
11.78
12.40
12.94
13.28
10.91
14.23
13.33
12.47
13.85
13.08
14.66
15.73
15.05
17.78
13.21
11.57
11.45
11.75
15.32
16.27
12.93
13.16
11.44

13.29
16.79
17.78
12.42
12.55
12.47
11.80
11.58
12.19
12.79
13.00
10.91
14.04
13.07
12.26
13.66
12.91
14.45
15.42
14.86
17.50
12.91
11.39
11.26
11.60
15.37
16.43
12.75
13.13
11.25

13.70
16.76
17.71
12.44
12.89
12.20
12.36
12.18
12.76
13.17
13.61
11.06
14.48
13.59
12.80
14.17
13.44
14.95
16.10
15.39
18.12
13.54
11.82
11.74
11.95
15.58
16.44
13.14
13.33
11.48

13.68
16.93
17.89
12.46
12.98
12.17
12.25
12.10
12.61
13.19
13.65
11.07
14.39
13.62
12.82
14.14
13.41
14.91
15.98
15.46
17.91
13.61
11.79
11.65
12.02
15.38
16.39
13.17
13.33
11.52

13.63

568.01
751.18
796.95
518.74
543.57
511.24
516.60
493.58
517.08
542.19
573.70
448.40
603.35
550.53
513.76
590.01
540.20
645.04
676.39
629.09
785.88
548.22
481.31
470.60
498.20
641.91
707.75
537.89
538.24
469.04

555.52
737.08
785.88
519.16
542.16
520.00
495.60
464.04
503.45
532.06
570.70
435.31
596.70
531.95
505.11
587.38
531.89
651.70
655.35
631.55
754.25
526.73
461.30
450.40
477.92
631.71
719.63
527.85
542.27
454.50

591.84
760.90
804.03
539.90
556.85
531.92
557.44
540.79
561.44
562.36
594.76
464.52
638.57
565.34
537.60
623.48
577.92
674.25
710.01
667.93
828.08
571.39
503.53
495.43
517.44
660.59
720.07
561.08
561.19
482.16

577.30
756.77
806.84
527.06
549.05
517.23
521.85
496.10
522.05
552.66
591.05
447.23
624.53
558.42
533.31
613.68
565.90
666.48
685.54
681.79
777.29
564.82
490.46
481.15
504.84
630.58
696.58
547.87
545.20
479.23

575.19

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

42.2
44.5
45.4
44.3
41.0
41.3
42.7
43.2
40.1
44.6
41.8
41.6
42.7
42.3
43.7
43.4
41.3
41.3
41.8
40.6
40.6
41.9
41.9
40.9
42.7
42.5
42.2
41.4
41.2
40.9
40.4

42.2
44.3
43.1
44.7
40.7
41.3
42.9
43.5
40.0
43.9
41.4
41.5
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.4
42.3
42.0
41.7
40.3
41.3
41.6
41.9
40.7
43.1
42.0
42.3
41.2
41.2
41.2
40.4

43.2
46.2
47.8
45.7
42.9
43.4
44.2
44.6
41.4
47.0
43.6
43.1
43.5
43.4
45.5
44.6
42.2
38.3
43.2
42.9
41.5
42.3
43.4
42.8
45.1
43.5
42.6
43.6
42.7
40.9
40.2

42.5
45.0
47.7
44.2
42.1
42.8
43.6
44.3
41.0
45.2
42.1
42.9
43.1
42.9
44.8
44.1
41.8
39.3
42.9
41.9
41.4
42.7
42.6
41.3
44.3
41.6
42.9
42.0
41.7
39.2
37.9

42.4

4.8
6.8
6.5
6.9
3.1
3.4
4.9
5.0
2.9
7.1
4.2
3.6
5.5
4.5
5.7
6.1
4.2
3.8
4.4
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.4
3.9
5.8
4.4
3.5
4.4
4.3
3.7
3.6

4.7
6.5
4.7
7.1
3.4
3.5
4.8
5.0
3.0
5.9
3.9
3.9
5.5
4.5
5.6
6.4
4.0
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.4
4.3
4.1
3.8
5.2
4.3
3.4
4.3
3.7
4.1
4.4

5.5
8.5
9.8
8.1
4.4
4.9
5.7
5.4
4.5
8.7
5.7
4.2
6.2
5.6
6.8
6.9
5.0
3.8
5.3
4.3
5.0
4.5
5.3
5.0
7.7
4.4
4.1
5.5
5.7
4.5
4.1

4.9
6.7
7.7
6.4
3.8
4.4
5.3
5.4
3.6
7.7
4.9
3.8
6.0
5.4
6.2
6.6
4.8
4.2
4.8
4.0
4.0
4.7
4.8
3.6
6.9
3.5
4.5
4.4
5.3
2.5
1.4

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

41.6
42.1
42.4
42.4
41.1
42.5

42.5
41.5
41.7
42.3
41.8
42.3

41.9
42.6
42.8
43.4
42.3
43.3

40.8
41.6
41.8
43.0
41.9
43.0

4.8
4.9
5.5
5.0
5.7
5.0

4.6
4.1
4.4
4.8
6.3
4.8

6.3
5.0
5.6
5.6
6.2
5.5

5.2
4.2
4.6
5.4
6.1
5.4

36
361
3612

41.4
41.9
42.9
41.0
41.6
42.3
40.4
40.7
40.3
39.3
40.6
41.5
42.5
41.0
41.7
39.9
39.5
39.4
41.2
42.9
41.6
42.8
42.6
41.0
41.8
42.1
42.5

41.0
40.7
41.8
39.7
40.8
41.3
40.0
40.6
42.3
38.9
40.2
41.6
40.8
41.3
41.1
39.7
37.7
37.6
40.9
43.6
41.4
41.8
43.5
41.0
41.4
42.4
41.8

42.4
44.1
44.5
43.7
42.5
42.7
42.3
41.5
40.6
39.7
40.9
42.6
44.1
41.6
42.3
41.3
40.8
40.3
42.1
42.8
42.5
44.1
43.6
40.9
42.9
42.1
44.4

41.5
42.2
42.6
41.8
41.4
41.4
41.3
40.0
37.0
39.8
40.3
41.4
42.7
40.4
42.7
39.4
39.9
40.3
42.1
42.6
41.8
41.9
43.8
39.9
42.2
41.2
43.2

3.9
4.7
4.5
4.8
3.7
3.9
3.2
2.2
1.5
2.8
2.0
4.3
4.8
4.3
4.2
3.3
4.8
3.4
3.1
3.7
4.1
3.2
4.8
3.7
4.3
4.9
5.0

3.5
3.7
3.1
4.3
3.1
3.4
2.4
2.1
2.1
3.6
1.1
4.2
4.9
4.3
3.7
2.8
3.5
2.5
2.4
3.4
4.0
2.3
5.0
3.5
4.2
4.5
4.8

4.5
6.1
5.9
6.3
4.5
4.4
4.6
2.5
1.2
1.8
1.6
5.0
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.0
5.6
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.6
3.5
5.3
3.9
5.0
5.0
5.8

3.9
4.8
4.0
5.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.0
0.5
0.5
2.1
4.2
4.8
3.9
4.6
2.2
4.5
3.8
3.3
3.8
4.1
2.8
5.1
3.2
4.5
4.3
5.5

3613
362

3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365

3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

100

41.7

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

$15.01
18.06
21.00
17.15
13.86
14.71
14.16
14.22
14.61
14.64
14.47
13.04
15.92
15.76
16.41
16.62
14.05
12.79
15.68
13.60
16.13
15.23
14.35
15.24
15.15
14.68
11.86
15.87
14.20
16.42
18.39

$14.69
17.79
19.80
17.17
13.09
13.82
13.98
14.01
14.67
14.48
14.19
12.93
15.73
15.39
16.30
16.51
13.68
12.81
15.34
13.33
16.12
15.06
14.14
15.14
14.88
14.53
11.71
15.36
13.83
15.92
17.79

$15.36
18.32
22.36
17.13
14.64
15.66
14.52
14.55
15.18
14.98
15.00
13.34
16.27
16.34
16.95
16.86
14.48
13.31
16.14
13.98
16.79
15.48
14.61
15.49
15.28
14.95
12.23
16.44
14.66
16.72
18.37

$15.35
17.99
22.08
16.76
14.40
15.37
14.49
14.62
14.97
15.11
14.70
13.30
16.32
16.27
16.76
16.98
14.50
13.46
16.15
14.12
16.48
15.52
14.64
15.41
15.37
14.98
12.35
16.70
14.62
16.81
18.49

$15.35

$633.42
803.67
953.40
759.75
568.26
607.52
604.63
614.30
585.86
652.94
604.85
542.46
679.78
666.65
717.12
721.31
580.27
528.23
655.42
552.16
654.88
638.14
601.27
623.32
646.91
623.90
500.49
657.02
585.04
671.58
742.96

$619.92
788.10
853.38
767.50
532.76
570.77
599.74
609.44
586.80
635.67
587.47
536.60
676.39
661.77
700.90
716.53
578.66
538.02
639.68
537.20
665.76
626.50
592.47
616.20
641.33
610.26
495.33
632.83
569.80
655.90
718.72

$663.55
846.38
1,068.81
782.84
628.06
679.64
641.78
648.93
628.45
704.06
654.00
574.95
707.75
709.16
771.23
751.96
611.06
509.77
697.25
599.74
696.79
654.80
634.07
662.97
689.13
650.33
521.00
716.78
625.98
683.85
738.47

$652.38
809.55
1,053.22
740.79
606.24
657.84
631.76
647.67
613.77
682.97
618.87
570.57
703.39
697.98
750.85
748.82
606.10
528.98
692.84
591.63
682.27
662.70
623.66
636.43
680.89
623.17
529.82
701.40
609.65
658.95
700.77

$650.84

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

14.32
13.55
13.86
14.56
14.98
14.45

14.47
12.90
13.11
14.29
14.95
14.15

14.30
13.66
13.91
14.95
15.27
14.84

14.06
13.49
13.72
15.01
15.61
14.91

595.71
570.46
587.66
617.34
615.68
614.13

614.98
535.35
546.69
604.47
624.91
598.55

599.17
581.92
595.35
648.83
645.92
642.57

573.65
561.18
573.50
645.43
654.06
641.13

36
361

13.45
13.06
12.04
14.01
12.93
11.87
14.73
12.98
14.92
13.69
11.18
13.01
17.68
13.39
12.20
9.77
12.67
12.17
14.05
14.71
13.72
14.81
18.36
11.27
13.82
15.57
13.59

13.26
13.14
11.98
14.18
12.82
11.86
14.47
12.67
14.46
13.84
11.04
12.81
17.90
13.37
11.91
9.39
11.91
11.68
14.07
14.82
13.58
14.95
18.10
11.02
13.26
15.09
12.80

13.70
13.27
12.18
14.32
13.13
11.99
14.94
13.32
15.97
13.50
11.03
13.34
18.08
13.50
12.47
9.84
12.90
12.47
14.13
14.82
13.95
14.58
18.86
11.58
14.31
15.56
14.55

13.73
13.02
11.92
14.11
13.16
12.11
14.90
13.43
15.92
13.13
11.37
13.36
18.13
13.38
12.46
9.75
12.75
12.50
14.23
14.91
13.97
14.24
19.01
11.38
14.38
15.58
14.72

556.83
547.21
516.52
574.41
537.89
502.10
595.09
528.29
601.28
538.02
453.91
539.92
751.40
548.99
508.74
389.82
500.47
479.50
578.86
631.06
570.75
633.87
782.14
462.07
577.68
655.50
577.58

543.66
534.80
500.76
562.95
523.06
489.82
578.80
514.40
611.66
538.38
443.81
532.90
730.32
552.18
489.50
372.78
449.01
439.17
575.46
646.15
562.21
624.91
787.35
451.82
548.96
639.82
535.04

580.88
585.21
542.01
625.78
558.03
511.97
631.96
552.78
648.38
535.95
451.13
568.28
797.33
561.60
527.48
406.39
526.32
502.54
594.87
634.30
592.88
642.98
822.30
473.62
613.90
655.08
646.02

569.80
549.44
507.79
589.80
544.82
501.35
615.37
537.20
589.04
522.57
458.21
553.10
774.15
540.55
532.04
384.15
508.73
503.75
599.08
635.17
583.95
596.66
832.64
454.06
606.84
641.90
635.90

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545

3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679

369
3691
3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

101

13.72

572.12

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

43.3
44.0
41.8
44.2
45.6
40.2
43.3
43.0
43.8
43.3
41.1
41.7
40.3
41.5
42.0
41.3
41.1
39.1

44.9
46.2
47.7
44.7
46.1
42.9
43.6
43.2
46.3
42.6
41.5
42.8
40.0
42.4
41.5
40.5
40.4
39.9

43.8
45.0
44.7
43.4
45.6
43.7
43.0
43.1
45.2
41.7
40.7
41.2
40.1
41.3
41.0
40.2
40.1
39.8

44.0
45.0

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

43.8
45.0
45.3
44.4
45.3
42.8
42.8
42.6
44.3
42.3
40.8
41.6
39.8
41.8
41.3
40.5
41.0
39.7

5.6
6.4
6.6
5.5
6.7
3.9
4.6
4.4
5.5
4.3
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.2
3.5
3.1
3.3
2.2

5.2
5.5
4.4
5.0
6.4
2.8
5.1
4.7
5.4
5.3
4.6
5.2
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.0
3.9
2.4

6.4
7.5
8.2
5.5
7.7
3.6
5.1
4.6
7.0
4.7
3.8
4.0
3.6
4.9
3.7
3.2
2.6
1.6

5.5
6.2
5.8
4.4
6.8
4.6
5.0
5.0
5.8
4.4
3.9
4.1
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.2

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.5
41.7
41.4
43.1
40.4
41.0
41.4
41.3
41.1
40.3
42.8
40.1

41.2
41.4
41.4
43.9
40.4
40.5
41.3
41.2
41.7
38.0
41.4
41.9

42.5
42.7
42.6
44.5
41.8
41.6
42.4
42.7
41.6
40.6
43.4
41.2

41.4
41.2
41.7
43.8
40.8
41.6
41.6
42.1
40.4
39.4
41.1
39.3

41.3

3.3
3.2
3.3
4.6
2.9
2.6
3.5
3.6
3.3
2.1
3.9
2.0

3.0
2.8
2.9
4.2
2.7
2.0
3.3
3.3
3.8
1.5
3.4
1.7

4.2
4.1
4.2
5.3
3.8
3.4
4.2
4.4
3.6
1.9
4.7
3.8

3.3
2.5
3.6
5.1
2.9
3.2
3.6
4.2
2.9
1.1
3.5
2.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949

39.9
38.9
38.0
39.5
40.6
39.0
41.3
39.1
37.4
35.9
40.2
40.3

39.0
37.6
36.5
39.4
39.1
35.7
40.6
38.7
37.2
35.9
39.7
39.9

40.4
39.7
38.6
39.4
40.9
41.9
40.5
40.6
37.9
35.8
40.6
40.5

39.1
37.0
35.3
38.6
39.9
38.4
40.5
39.4
35.7
32.0
39.6
39.3

39.3

3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
3.0
1.9
3.4
2.3
2.1
1.7
3.3
3.7

2.6
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.3
1.3
2.8
2.7
1.6
0.9
3.1
3.2

3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.1
3.3
2.4
2.2
1.6
3.4
4.0

2.4
1.4
1.1
2.2
2.4
1.1
2.9
1.8
1.7
0.7
2.8
2.8

40.9

40.6

41.6

40.7

40.6

4.4

4.2

4.7

4.2

41.8
41.7
43.9
43.3
39.9
42.8
43.3
42.5
41.2
43.1
41.1
39.9
44.6
45.4
43.0

41.5
42.5
45.7
42.6
40.6
41.5
41.0
42.2
40.9
40.3
40.5
40.1
44.4
45.0
42.7

42.4
42.4
44.7
44.1
40.4
42.6
43.5
42.6
41.3
45.9
40.0
39.4
46.3
47.2
44.5

41.3
41.5
42.9
42.5
40.3
41.7
42.3
41.5
40.8
45.4
39.5
38.5
44.5
43.7
43.0

41.1

5.5
5.4
6.8
6.7
4.0
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.7
6.4
6.6
5.0
7.2
7.4
6.6

5.3
5.9
7.8
6.6
4.7
4.9
4.1
5.1
4.7
4.3
4.0
4.7
7.5
6.9
7.6

5.6
5.4
7.1
6.7
4.0
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.2
7.4
4.7
4.7
8.0
7.9
7.0

5.0
5.0
5.8
5.9
4.2
4.7
4.7
4.7
5.0
6.9
4.1
4.2
6.8
5.7
6.1

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714

395

396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




102

Feb.
2000P

4.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711

3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376

3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961

3842
385
386
387

399

3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

$18.10
18.48
22.36
15.28
17.28
11.52
19.76
(2)
19.67
17.47
13.82
15.22
11.96
16.54
20.24
(2)
12.58
12.79

$17.47
17.65
21.26
14.87
16.63
11.55
19.36
(2)
19.18
17.12
13.78
15.20
11.63
16.03
20.22
(2)

$18.64
19.07
23.31
15.49
17.81
11.86
20.48
(2)

$18.62
19.07

$792.78
831.60
1,012.91
678.43
782.78
493.06
845.73

12.28
12.41

$18.78
19.29
23.50
15.59
17.91
11.78
20.45
(2)
20.51
18.15
14.04
15.46
12.18
17.30
20.49
(2)
12.98
13.51

14.17
17.53
14.31
12.01
14.44
16.73
12.90
12.27
12.17
10.78
17.78
10.75

13.91
17.42
14.13
12.01
14.27
16.25
12.79
12.00
12.21
10.33
16.72
10.39

14.40
17.77
14.47
11.88
14.53
16.97
13.08
12.45
12.34
10.93
18.32
11.20

14.37
17.23
14.54
11.99
14.50
17.10
13.11
12.63
12.40
11.01
18.42
11.26

11.33
11.95
11.80
11.96
10.90
10.54
11.04
11.41
10.20
9.13
11.45
12.46

11.16
11.54
11.47
11.53
10.62
10.26
10.75
11.22
10.07
9.04
11.43
12.22

11.57
12.37
12.16
12.51
11.06
10.87
11.14
11.41
10.45
9.31
11.70
12.96

13.17

12.99

12.10
9.96
10.81
11.16
8.96
14.06
12.85
14.80
11.65
15.47
12.47
10.91
15.00
13.47
12.33

11.94
9.87
10.65
11.17
8.90
13.92
12.73
14.55
11.53
14.74
12.84
10.69
15.09
13.18
12.32

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$756.45 $843.22 $816.43
858.15
891.20
776.60
888.67 1,120.95 1,041.96
672.27
696.87
657.25
812.14
825.65
758.33
518.28
505.36
464.31
880.64
891.62
838.29




103

$819.28
858.15

871.38
738.98
563.66
633.15
476.01
691.37
835.91

840.08
741.30
566.36
633.84
468.69
665.25
849.24

949.61
773.19
582.66
661.69
487.20
733.52
850.34

907.62
759.36
579.57
655.08
488.82
695.08
834.76

515.78
507.76

504.71
485.23

524.39
539.05

519.70
530.93

14.43

588.06
731.00
592.43
517.63
583.38
685.93
534.06
506.75
500.19
434.43
760.98
431.08

573.09
721.19
584.98
527.24
576.51
658.13
528.23
494.40
509.16
392.54
692.21
435.34

612.00
758.78
616.42
528.66
607.35
705.95
554.59
531.62
513.34
443.76
795.09
461.44

594.92
709.88
606.32
525.16
591.60
711.36
545.38
531.72
500.96
433.79
757.06
442.52

595.96

11.56
12.21
11.92
12.48
11.02
10.82
11.09
11.44
10.74
9.45
11.72
12.84

11.58

452.07
464.86
448.40
472.42
442.54
411.06
455.95
446.13
381.48
327.77
460.29
502.14

435.24
433.90
418.66
454.28
415.24
366.28
436.45
434.21
374.60
324.54
453.77
487.58

467.43
491.09
469.38
492.89
452.35
455.45
451.17
463.25
396.06
333.30
475.02
524.88

452.00
451.77
420.78
481.73
439.70
415.49
449.15
450.74
383.42
302.40
464.11
504.61

455.09

13.41

13.40

13.38

538.65

527.39

557.86

545.38

543.23

12.29
10.17
11.03
11.31
9.14
14.21
12.85
15.06
12.00
16.53
13.02
11.14
15.33
13.80
12.41

12.24
10.15
10.92
11.41
9.18
14.20
12.83
15.03
11.99
16.27
13.10
10.92
14.93
13.23
12.56

12.21

505.78
415.33
474.56
483.23
357.50
601.77
556.41
629.00
479.98
666.76
512.52
435.31
669.00
611.54
530.19

495.51
419.48
486.71
475.84
361.34
577.68
521.93
614.01
471.58
594.02
520.02
428.67
670.00
593.10
526.06

521.10
431.21
493.04
498.77
369.26
605.35
558.98
641.56
495.60
758.73
520.80
438.92
709.78
651.36
552.25

505.51
421.23
468.47
484.93
369.95
592.14
542.71
623.75
489.19
738.66
517.45
420.42
664.39
578.15
540.08

501.83

20.08
18.21
14.24
15.90
12.19
16.83
20.36
(2)
12.96
13.34

±
See footnotes at end of table.

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

205
2051

41.0
41.3

39.4
40.0

41.8
42.1

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.5
40.5
47.6
52.8
40.6
39.3
42.6
43.7
45.8
44.5
40.1

38.4
41.3
57.6
52.2
41.5
39.8
42.7
42.7
45.7
42.5
38.6

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

40.1
39.6

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Paperboard mills

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

40.5
41.1

5.1
5.5

4.2
4.4

5.5
6.0

4.9
5.4

41.2
42.1
47.9
55.7
41.8
40.4
44.2
43.9
46.5
44.4
40.3

39.3
41.3
45.2
56.4
41.8
40.2
42.6
41.9
45.3
41.5
38.8

4.3
4.5
10.1
11.4
4.1
4.0
6.4
5.7
7.6
6.1
5.0

3.8
4.8
15.6
6.9
4.4
4.2
6.5
4.7
7.1
4.8
4.2

4.5
5.5
12.9
17.3
3.5
4.4
7.1
5.7
8.2
5.7
5.2

4.0
5.0
11.2
17.6
4.5
4.0
6.3
4.6
8.4
3.5
4.1

37.3
36.1

44.2
42.8

41.6
40.5

41.8

3.0
2.9

2.6
2.1

4.7
3.6

2.5
1.6

40.9
42.0
41.9
37.2
40.4
39.2
39.2
37.6
39.0
39.3
40.1
41.3
41.4
42.3
42.2
41.2
41.6
39.7
41.9

40.7
41.6
40.9
36.1
39.8
39.3
40.6
38.6
38.7
36.3
39.5
41.5
43.5
41.8
43.2
40.3
40.7
39.5
41.4

41.8
42.9
43.6
38.6
40.2
39.9
40.1
37.4
40.8
37.2
41.5
42.4
42.2
44.3
42.5
42.0
42.3
40.6
42.8

40.9
42.3
42.8
40.1
39.9
39.3
37.2
38.2
39.7
35.9
41.6
40.0
39.1
42.1
39.9
41.6
42.2
39.7
42.5

41.1

4.3
5.5
4.7
2.6
2.9
3.5
3.0
2.8
3.1
1.9
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.8
4.4
4.7
3.6
4.5

4.3
5.3
4.4
2.6
2.4
3.5
4.0
2.9
3.0
1.7
4.3
4.9
6.3
4.1
6.0
4.0
4.2
3.3
4.1

4.8
5.9
5.5
2.5
3.2
4.0
3.6
3.0
4.3
1.9
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.1
4.8

4.2
5.4
5.0
3.6
2.9
3.9
3.2
3.3
3.9
1.7
5.4
4.0
3.5
4.4
3.1
4.6
5.0
3.1
4.5

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.4
36.7
36.3
35.2
35.7
37.4
36.6
35.8
37.6
36.4
36.5
35.8
36.2
35.0
37.2
37.6
36.9
39.6
36.9
40.0
41.3

36.7
36.1
35.3
34.3
34.3
36.6
36.2
34.5
36.7
36.9
36.2
36.0
35.4
37.8
36.6
36.6
36.3
38.8
36.3
39.9
39.9

38.0
37.7
37.1
36.6
36.7
38.4
36.7
37.3
37.1
36.8
36.5
34.9
36.4
31.1
39.3
37.5
37.4
40.3
38.7
41.0
42.3

37.2
36.1
36.4
35.7
36.1
36.9
36.4
36.2
38.9
36.6
35.9
35.0
36.1
32.2
39.0
37.8
37.0
38.9
36.6
38.7
41.4

37.6

2.3
1.1
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.6
2.2
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.8
3.1
3.6
1.5
3.8
2.1
4.0
4.6

1.9
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.6
1.6
2.3
2.1
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.6
2.7
2.2
3.2
0.9
3.3
1.7
4.1
3.3

2.7
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.4
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.7
2.2
1.7
2.0
2.5
0.8
3.4
2.2
1.7
4.5
2.6
4.5
6.8

2.2
0.9
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.8
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.2
1.2
3.9
2.9
1.5
3.2
1.3
3.0
5.0

26
262
263

43.5
45.3
44.2

43.5
45.5
44.8

44.2
45.6
44.3

43.3
45.4
44.1

43.0

5.7
7.0
7.4

5.4
6.5
6.9

6.1
7.2
7.3

5.5
7.0
7.2

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

104

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$12.90
13.19

$533.82
545.16

$503.93
513.60

$542.15
560.35

$522.45
542.11

12.36
13.93
12.10
19.86
14.13
13.41
13.45
16.19
23.78
13.27
11.03

12.39
14.12
13.15
20.25
14.35
13.47
13.43
16.27
23.94
13.11
11.01

514.76
559.31
564.06
975.22
589.51
517.97
570.84
707.07
1,082.71
594.08
437.89

487.30
509.23
546.40
586.45
643.39
579.59
920.29 1,106.20
573.12
590.63
502.28
541.76
562.36
594.49
683.20
710.74
1,050.64 1,105.77
562.70
589.19
418.81
444.51

486.93
583.16
594.38
1,142.10
599.83
541.49
572.12
681.71
1,084.48
544.07
427.19

17.14
23.98

17.97
24.69

18.16
24.32

$18.14

764.71
973.76

639.32
865.68

794.27
1,056.73

755.46
984.96

$758.25

10.71
11.05
11.49
11.20
9.81
9.91
8.96
9.78
9.46
9.94
10.49
10.80
10.55
11.33
10.75
10.45
10.44
10.54
12.02

10.63
11.06
11.33
10.84
9.64
9.78
8.86
9.72
9.31
9.83
10.36
10.84
10.68
11.30
10.78
10.32
10.35
10.32
11.98

10.84
11.05
11.62
11.20
10.05
10.06
9.23
9.97
9.65
9.75
10.46
10.92
10.84
11.19
10.89
10.54
10.49
10.67
12.21

10.83
11.18
11.62
11.43
10.08
10.08
9.30
10.00
9.71
9.81
10.41
10.84
10.74
11.21
10.79
10.47
10.44
10.54
12.20

10.83

438.04
464.10
481.43
416.64
396.32
388.47
351.23
367.73
368.94
390.64
420.65
446.04
436.77
479.26
453.65
430.54
434.30
418.44
503.64

432.64
460.10
463.40
391.32
383.67
384.35
359.72
375.19
360.30
356.83
409.22
449.86
464.58
472.34
465.70
415.90
421.25
407.64
495.97

453.11
474.05
506.63
432.32
404.01
401.39
370.12
372.88
393.72
362.70
434.09
463.01
457.45
495.72
462.83
442.68
443.73
433.20
522.59

442.95
472.91
497.34
458.34
402.19
396.14
345.96
382.00
385.49
352.18
433.06
433.60
419.93
471.94
430.52
435.55
440.57
418.44
518.50

445.11

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.86
8.94
8.28
8.10
8.46
8.12
8.41
8.03
9.90
8.48
8.13
8.37
8.26
8.66
8.37
8.14
8.29
9.80
8.33
9.54
11.30

8.68
8.81
8.09
7.89
8.38
7.84
8.26
7.86
9.48
8.20
8.07
8.25
8.08
8.69
8.03
7.98
8.20
9.64
8.26
9.32
11.33

9.03
9.19
8.37
8.26
8.23
8.20
8.50
8.26
10.19
8.63
8.15
8.50
8.41
8.79
8.39
8.20
8.48
10.06
8.41
9.74
11.85

9.02
9.17
8.36
8.23
8.29
8.22
8.51
8.30
9.96
8.64
8.18
8.52
8.40
8.87
8.42
8.35
8.57
10.05
8.39
9.55
11.92

8.98

331.36
328.10
300.56
285.12
302.02
303.69
307.81
287.47
372.24
308.67
296.75
299.65
299.01
303.10
311.36
306.06
305.90
388.08
307.38
381.60
466.69

318.56
318.04
285.58
270.63
287.43
286.94
299.01
271.17
347.92
302.58
292.13
297.00
286.03
328.48
293.90
292.07
297.66
374.03
299.84
371.87
452.07

343.14
346.46
310.53
302.32
302.04
314.88
311.95
308.10
378.05
317.58
297.48
296.65
306.12
273.37
329.73
307.50
317.15
405.42
325.47
399.34
501.26

335.54
331.04
304.30
293.81
299.27
303.32
309.76
300.46
387.44
316.22
293.66
298.20
303.24
285.61
328.38
315.63
317.09
390.95
307.07
369.59
493.49

337.65

26
262
263

15.97
20.46
20.48

15.73
19.89
20.03

16.15
20.78
21.18

16.08
20.78
21.04

16.01

694.70
926.84
905.22

684.26
905.00
897.34

713.83
947.57
938.27

696.26
943.41
927.86

688.43

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

$13.02
13.20

$12.79
12.84

$12.97
13.31

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.71
13.81
11.85
18.47
14.52
13.18
13.40
16.18
23.64
13.35
10.92

12.69
13.23
11.17
17.63
13.81
12.62
13.17
16.00
22.99
13.24
10.85

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

19.07
24.59

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broad woven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

205
2051

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings
Avg.
1999

Avg.
1999

Jan.
2000P

105

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.5
44.1
42.6
43.0
42.2
42.8
41.7
41.3

43.1
43.7
41.3
42.7
42.3
42.2
42.7
41.3

44.6
45.3
44.7
43.9
42.8
44.4
39.9
42.3

43.1
43.5
43.6
42.2
42.0
42.9
38.7
42.3

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.2
33.1
36.4
40.9
38.0
43.6
35.5
39.7
39.5
40.0
42.0
38.9
40.1

37.7
32.3
35.9
39.4
37.9
40.8
35.3
39.4
39.2
39.7
42.6
37.8
39.1

38.9
33.8
36.8
42.2
39.5
44.6
35.9
40.2
40.1
40.2
44.0
40.2
41.3

37.9
32.3
36.0
41.0
39.1
42.8
35.8
39.3
39.0
39.6
41.9
39.1
40.5

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics".
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

43.0
42.9
43.3
43.6
44.2
43.6
41.9
42.2
41.7
44.9
41.3
40.2
42.5
45.5
45.6
45.5
45.2
42.8

42.8
42.4
43.5
43.0
44.5
41.3
42.2
42.5
41.3
44.0
41.2
40.0
42.2
44.9
46.1
44.7
45.4
43.1

43.8
44.7
45.4
44.7
45.5
45.3
42.3
42.7
42.1
45.2
42.3
40.1
43.1
47.0
46.8
47.1
45.2
43.2

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.1
42.2
45.7

43.9
44.1
43.3

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
42.4
41.4

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Handbags and personal leather goods
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

5.6
6.0
4.8
5.1
4.7
3.9
5.1
4.1

5.2
5.5
4.5
5.1
4.5
3.1
5.2
4.3

6.2
6.7
5.3
5.5
5.1
4.6
5.0
4.7

5.0
5.3
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.3
4.7
4.4

37.9

3.0
1.5
2.4
3.8
2.1
5.4
2.3
3.6
3.5
3.8
4.5
2.7
3.8

2.8
1.1
2.0
3.3
1.9
4.5
2.1
3.4
3.3
3.5
4.6
2.6
3.4

3.5
2.0
2.4
4.3
2.0
6.4
2.7
4.0
3.9
3.9
6.1
3.3
4.2

2.7
1.2
1.4
3.5
1.9
5.0
2.2
3.4
3.2
3.4
4.9
2.4
3.5

42.9
43.6
44.3
43.0
44.2
42.2
41.5
42.2
41.3
43.2
41.6
40.0
42.1
46.9
46.9
46.9
44.7
42.4

43.0

5.1
5.4
5.7
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.2
6.1
3.9
3.2
4.6
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.3
4.7

4.8
5.1
5.6
4.8
5.0
4.3
4.6
4.5
3.6
4.7
4.0
2.8
3.6
6.1
6.6
6.0
6.4
4.7

5.5
5.6
5.8
5.4
5.4
5.8
5.3
5.3
4.7
7.2
4.5
3.2
4.6
7.2
7.2
7.2
6.2
5.3

5.1
5.2
5.6
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.1
5.4
4.1
3.3
4.0
6.9
7.8
6.7
5.9
4.9

43.1
42.7
44.2

43.0
43.7
41.7

43.2

6.5
5.5
9.4

5.8
5.4
7.4

5.4
4.7
7.5

5.4
5.0
6.6

41.3
43.6
39.0
42.5
44.0
41.4
40.9

42.3
42.1
42.2
43.1
43.3
43.4
42.1

41.5
41.8
41.2
42.9
42.6
41.8
41.3

41.3

4.4
5.5
3.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.4

4.3
5.5
4.3
4.3
5.3
4.1
4.2

4.8
5.6
2.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
4.7

4.4
5.4
2.2
4.9
4.7
4.2
4.3

37.7
42.9
36.6
36.2
37.5
35.6
37.1

36.7
40.8
35.3
35.3
35.9
36.1
34.9

37.4
43.1
36.0
34.9
37.3
35.5
37.1

36.9
42.0
35.9
36.0
35.7
34.2
37.0

37.4

2.0
4.9
1.2
1.2
0.9
1.5
1.6

1.8
3.8
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.5
1.6

1.9
5.6
1.0
0.9
0.2
1.4
0.9

1.6
4.9
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.3
0.9

32.8

32.4

32.8

32.8

32.6

38.7

38.7

38.4

38.3

38.1

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$584.64
591.38
578.51
608.88
589.11
693.36
524.17
535.25

$572.80
578.59
566.64
598.23
584.16
662.12
533.32
531.53

$609.68
617.89
603.00
637.43
601.34
733.49
490.77
563.01

$583.57
585.08
602.12
605.99
586.74
713.00
476.78
557.51

$14.15

528.31
450.49
557.28
552.15
487.16
612.14
462.57
556.59
567.62
526.00
605.64
422.84
681.30

514.98
434.11
532.40
514.17
464.28
559.37
453.25
547.27
555.07
520.07
613.01
408.62
669.78

548.88
467.79
568.93
593.75
532.07
648.48
474.96
574.86
586.66
541.49
648.56
445.42
695.91

534.77
450.59
556.20
572.36
532.93
609.04
471.84
560.42
568.23
533.41
610.48
434.79
690.12

$536.29

17.82
19.39
20.23
18.32
21.10
15.03
17.97
17.98
15.29
18.12
14.12
13.97
14.99
20.85
21.11
20.92
17.55
16.20

17.84

751.21
832.69
869.03
796.57
916.27
667.08
721.52
721.62
617.99
830.65
579.03
520.99
633.25
936.85
935.71
942.31
790.10
677.52

737.87
798.82
849.56
780.02
902.02
633.13
716.98
717.83
591.42
782.32
566.09
510.80
612.32
915.96
936.29
918.14
795.86
676.67

779.20
873.89
918.44
818.01
962.78
677.69
749.13
750.67
642.45
828.52
608.70
545.76
652.53
988.41
979.52
996.17
799.14
696.38

764.48
845.40
896.19
787.76
932.62
634.27
745.76
758.76
631.48
782.78
587.39
558.80
631.08
977.87
990.06
981.15
784.49
686.88

767.12

21.83
24.76
16.69

21.65
24.41
16.05

22.14

924.93

931.56
1,040.76
664.66

940.87
930.95
1,057.25 1,066.72
669.29
737.70

956.45

1,030.10
747.65

12.19
19.02
10.30
12.04
12.16
11.95
11.53

12.51
19.63
10.31
12.70
12.63
12.41
11.83

12.56
19.96
10.56
12.77
12.90
12.25
11.85

12.53

513.33
819.40
418.80
529.13
532.43
512.19
482.31

503.45
829.27
401.70
511.70
535.04
494.73
471.58

529.17
826.42
435.08
547.37
546.88
538.59
498.04

521.24
834.33
435.07
547.83
549.54
512.05
489.41

517.49

9.92
12.96
9.51
10.16
7.95
8.86

9.98
12.87
9.67
10.34
7.91
8.86

9.83

353.79
511.22
327.94
358.30
278.23
313.71
287.58

8.48

8.24

8.98

8.90

365.31
537.54
341.11
363.09
296.25
317.20
314.61

371.01
558.58
342.36
354.58
296.54
314.53
333.16

368.26
540.54
347.15
372.24
282.39
303.01
329.30

367.64

8.91

9.64
12.53
9.29
10.15
7.75
8.69

12.74

12.68

12.96

13.12

13.11

417.87

410.83

425.09

430.34

427.39

15.67

15.57

15.94

15.94

15.99

606.43

602.56

612.10

610.50

609.22

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$13.44
13.41
13.58
14.16
13.96
16.20
12.57
12.96

$13.29
13.24
13.72
14.01
13.81
15.69
12.49
12.87

$13.67
13.64
13.49
14.52
14.05
16.52
12.30
13.31

$13.54
13.45
13.81
14.36
13.97
16.62
12.32
13.18

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

13.83
13.61
15.31
13.50
12.82
14.04
13.03
14.02
14.37
13.15
14.42
10.87
16.99

13.66
13.44
14.83
13.05
12.25
13.71
12.84
13.89
14.16
13.10
14.39
10.81
17.13

14.11
13.84
15.46
14.07
13.47
14.54
13.23
14.30
14.63
13.47
14.74
11.08
16.85

14.11
13.95
15.45
13.96
13.63
14.23
13.18
14.26
14.57
13.47
14.57
11.12
17.04

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282

286
2865
2869
287
289

17.47
19.41
20.07
18.27
20.73
15.30
17.22
17.10
14.82
18.50
14.02
12.96
14.90
20.59
20.52
20.71
17.48
15.83

17.24
18.84
19.53
18.14
20.27
15.33
16.99
16.89
14.32
17.78
13.74
12.77
14.51
20.40
20.31
20.54
17.53
15.70

17.79
19.55
20.23
18.30
21.16
14.96
17.71
17.58
15.26
18.33
14.39
13.61
15.14
21.03
20.93
21.15
17.68
16.12

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

21.46
24.41
16.36

21.22
23.60
15.35

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052

12.31
19.28
10.29
12.45
12.44
12.08
11.65

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

9.69
12.53
9.32
10.03
7.90

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

2821
2824
283
2834
284

2841
2842,3
2844
285

306
308

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

107

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

4011

44.8

44.3

44.1

43.9

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

34.2
38.7
39.6

32.8
38.7
38.8

34.2
39.0
38.7

33.5
38.5
39.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

40.2
40.1
40.4

39.1
39.0
39.5

40.7
40.6
41.0

39.4
39.4
39.4

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

36.3

37.3

36.5

36.9

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

43.3

45.2

42.7

43.4

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

38.3
38.1
38.3
38.1

38.1
38.6
39.3
37.1

37.7
36.3
36.3
38.4

37.9
38.4
38.6
37.2

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.5

41.6
42.2
35.7
41.3

40.8
42.1
42.6
35.4
41.6

39.7
40.6
40.9
35.7
40.7

40.8
42.0
42.0
36.6
40.4

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.2
41.7
42.1
43.2
43.1

42.9
41.9
44.1
44.0
43.7

41.2
40.8
40.8
42.4
41.6

41.6
41.4
41.0
42.8
41.9

38.4

38.0

38.5

38.5

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

39.1
37.4
37.8
40.4
39.6
39.6
41.1
39.4
39.1
39.3
37.4

38.7
37.4
37.2
39.4
39.4
39.2
41.0
39.1
38.7
39.0
36.5

39.1
37.7
39.0
40.2
39.3
39.7
41.4
39.5
39.4
39.1
37.8

39.4
37.8
38.6
40.1
40.2
39.9
41.5
39.8
39.5
39.5
37.7

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

37.5
36.7
37.0
36.5
38.6
34.1
40.2
37.7
37.6
36.5

37.1
36.7
36.9
35.7
38.0
33.2
40.3
38.1
37.1
35.7

37.7
36.4
37.5
36.5
39.2
32.9
40.4
37.8
37.8
36.4

37.2
35.9
37.6
36.0
38.1
33.8
40.7
38.2
37.0
36.1

29.0

28.1

29.3

28.5

35.2
37.0
35.0
30.5
32.5

34.2
35.8
34.5
29.8
30.3

35.1
37.0
34.8
30.5
31.6

35.1
36.9
34.6
30.4
31.5

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




108

Average overtime hours
Feb.
2000P

38.1

28.6

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Average hourly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$17.79

$17.70

$17.68

Average weekly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$17.75

$796.99

$784.11

$779.69

$779.23

Feb.
2000P

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

11.63
12.12
13.48

11.52
12.05
13.46

11.82
12.40
13.77

11.91
12.47
13.94

397.75
469.04
533.81

377.86
466.34
522.25

404.24
483.60
532.90

398.99
480.10
550.63

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.95
14.17
11.71

13.75
13.97
11.56

14.22
14.43
12.05

14.06
14.26
12.06

560.79
568.22
473.08

537.63
544.83
456.62

578.75
585.86
494.05

553.96
561.84
475.16

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

19.56

20.53

20.20

20.57

710.03

765.77

737.30

759.03

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

21.79

21.00

22.17

22.81

943.51

949.20

946.66

989.95

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

14.15
14.46
14.83
14.24

14.20
14.73
15.13
14.08

14.45
14.70
15.14
14.65

14.26
14.25
14.49
14.73

541.95
550.93
567.99
542.54

541.02
568.58
594.61
522.37

544.77
533.61
549.58
562.56

540.45
547.20
559.31
547.96

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
4813
483
484

17.38
17.70
18.19
18.35
14.57

17.55
18.06
18.50
18.09
14.29

17.45
17.58
18.23
18.84
14.98

17.51
17.60
18.12
18.89
15.17

703.89
736.32
767.62
655.10
601.74

716.04
760.33
788.10
640.39
594.46

692.77
713.75
745.61
672.59
609.69

714.41
739.20
761.04
691.37
612.87

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

20.61
21.69
18.87
24.69
16.77

20.49
21.63
18.97
24.58
16.25

20.96
21.94
19.38
24.88
17.38

21.03
22.14
19.31
24.56
17.55

869.74
904.47
794.43
1,066.61
722.79

879.02
906.30
836.58
1,081.52
710.13

863.55
895.15
790.70
1,054.91
723.01

874.85
916.60
791.71
1,051.17
735.35

14.59

14.42

14.91

15.05

560.26

547.96

574.04

579.43

15.29
13.41
13.22
13.68
18.23
17.60
14.36
15.94
14.25
15.42
11.84

15.11
13.27
13.15
13.52
17.94
17.50
13.95
16.04
14.01
15.21
11.73

15.61
13.68
13.49
13.93
18.64
17.82
14.71
16.20
14.41
15.74
12.14

15.77
13.79
13.45
13.92
18.98
17.83
14.75
16.21
14.51
15.88
12.25

597.84
501.53
499.72
552.67
721.91
696.96
590.20
628.04
557.18
606.01
442.82

584.76
496.30
489.18
532.69
706.84
686.00
571.95
627.16
542.19
593.19
428.15

610.35
515.74
526.11
559.99
732.55
707.45
608.99
639.90
567.75
615.43
458.89

621.34
521.26
519.17
558.19
763.00
711.42
612.13
645.16
573.15
627.26
461.83

13.56
13.70
18.23
13.08
13.54
10.38
15.96
12.32
15.59
11.15

13.41
13.60
17.42
13.30
13.30
10.31
15.68
12.13
15.56
11.22

13.89
13.95
18.73
13.17
13.81
10.68
16.29
12.71
15.96
11.42

13.96
14.11
19.22
13.23
13.78
10.55
16.26
12.72
15.75
11.54

508.50
502.79
674.51
477.42
522.64
353.96
641.59
464.46
586.18
406.98

497.51
499.12
642.80
474.81
505.40
342.29
631.90
462.15
577.28
400.55

523.65
507.78
702.38
480.71
541.35
351.37
658.12
480.44
603.29
415.69

519.31
506.55
722.67
476.28
525.02
356.59
661.78
485.90
582.75
416.59

9.08

9.00

9.25

9.31

263.32

252.90

271.03

265.34

10.81

10.65
11.10
10.70
8.72

11.15
11.70
10.97
9.12
10.11

11.22
11.76
10.93
9.14
10.36

380.51
417.73
378.00
271.15
319.15

364.23
397.38
369.15
259.86
300.88

391.37
432.90
381.76
278.16
319.48

393.82
433.94
378.18
277.86
326.34

481

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51

508

509
511
512
513

514
515
516
517

518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

11.29
10.80
8.89
9.82

9.93

See footnotes at end of table.




109

$14.93

9.32

Feb.
2000P

$568.83

266.55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

53
531
533
539

29.6
29.7
27.5
30.1

28.6
28.6
26.5
29.5

30.5
30.6
28.1
30.9

28.8
28.9
26.2
28.5

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.9
30.0
28.6

29.1
29.2
27.5

30.0
30.0
29.1

29.0
29.2
28.0

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.4
36.7
38.2
32.1
34.6

35.0
36.5
37.1
31.8
35.2

35.4
36.6
38.1
32.3
34.8

35.4
36.9
37.9
32.0
36.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.2
28.6
23.5
27.0
26.7

24.9
28.1
21.8
25.7
25.6

26.6
28.7
23.8
27.3
27.7

25.0
27.6
22.5
24.9
26.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.9
33.0
33.8
32.6
32.3
25.8

32.3
32.3
33.3
32.2
32.1
24.5

33.2
33.4
34.6
32.7
33.3
26.4

32.6
32.8
33.9
32.2
31.8
25.2

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.5

24.3

25.4

25.0

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.5
29.0
30.2
27.7
33.0
37.3
30.4
33.5
30.4

28.8
28.8
29.8
26.6
32.5
39.9
29.2
33.5
29.6

30.6
29.1
30.5
29.7
34.7
37.5
31.1
33.0
30.7

29.7
29.0
29.9
28.4
33.2
38.0
30.2
33.2
30.5

36.2

36.0

36.2

36.8

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.5
35.4
35.2
35.5
35.6

35.3
35.1
35.0
35.2
35.6

35.2
35.1
34.9
35.3
35.4

36.4
36.4
36.2
36.5
36.2

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

37.8
38.6

37.8
38.1

37.3
38.1

38.3
39.7

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.9

37.8

37.5

38.4

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

38.6
38.7
38.3
38.8
38.9

38.3
38.5
38.4
38.9
38.2

39.0
38.7
38.5
39.4
39.8

38.8
39.2
38.2
38.7
38.8

32.6

32.3

32.6

32.8

34.7

32.7

33.5

32.8

Services

Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Average overtime hours
Feb.
2000P

36.1

32.5

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$9.19
9.26
7.72
9.09

$265.51
268.19
216.15
262.47

$249.39
250.82
208.29
251.34

$280.60
284.27
214.40
276.56

$264.67
267.61
202.26
259.07

9.32
9.40
8.76

9.32
9.38
8.79

277.77
281.70
241.96

269.76
273.02
229.90

279.60
282.00
254.92

270.28
273.90
246.12

12.22
15.35
10.20
8.05
13.43

12.62
15.80
10.50
8.37
13.46

12.67
15.82
10.54
8.43
13.30

443.92
580.59
395.75
262.26
462.95

427.70
560.28
378.42
255.99
472.74

446.75
578.28
400.05
270.35
468.41

448.52
583.76
399.47
269.76
480.13

8.84
10.35
8.87
8.57
8.51

8.73
10.33
8.63
8.52
8.41

8.97
10.58
8.96
8.63
8.81

9.16
10.79
9.28
8.80
8.75

231.61
296.01
208.45
231.39
227.22

217.38
290.27
188.13
218.96
215.30

238.60
303.65
213.25
235.60
244.04

229.00
297.80
208.80
219.12
233.63

12.24
11.61
11.52
13.06
12.08
7.43

12.12
11.47
11.40
12.97
11.76
7.25

12.48
11.89
11.96
13.24
12.72
7.33

12.56
11.94
11.80
13.38
12.36
7.73

402.70
383.13
389.38
425.76
390.18
191.69

391.48
370.48
379.62
417.63
377.50
177.63

414.34
397.13
413.82
432.95
423.58
193.51

409.46
391.63
400.02
430.84
393.05
194.80

6.62

6.51

6.81

6.79

168.81

158.19

172.97

169.75

9.83
10.43
8.18
9.09
10.42
13.15
9.96
11.63
10.35

9.83
10.23
8.18
9.19
10.26
13.66
9.91
11.47
10.28

9.88
10.66
8.25
9.06
10.49
13.54
9.98
11.57
10.42

10.03
10.78
8.34
9.16
10.55
13.77
10.13
11.60
10.57

289.99
302.47
247.04
251.79
343.86
490.50
302.78
389.61
314.64

283.10
294.62
243.76
244.45
333.45
545.03
289.37
384.25
304.29

302.33
310.21
251.63
269.08
364.00
507.75
310.38
381.81
319.89

297.89
312.62
249.37
260.14
350.26
523.26
305.93
385.12
322.39

14.61

14.48

14.75

14.98

528.88

521.28

533.95

551.26

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

53
531
533
539

$8.97
9.03
7.86
8.72

$8.72
8.77
7.86
8.52

$9.20
9.29
7.63
8.95

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

9.29
9.39
8.46

9.27
9.35
8.36

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

12.54
15.82
10.36
8.17
13.38

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places4

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

$14.92

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

11.25
10.82
10.48
11.05
10.98

11.18
10.80
10.49
11.01
10.87

11.35
10.84
10.59
11.02
11.11

11.59
11.06
10.68
11.33
11.39

399.38
383.03
368.90
392.28
390.89

394.65
379.08
367.15
387.55
386.97

399.52
380.48
369.59
389.01
393.29

421.88
402.58
386.62
413.55
412.32

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

15.33
12.54

15.14
12.11

15.35
12.71

15.43
12.96

579.47
484.04

572.29
461.39

572.56
484.25

590.97
514.51

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

21.88

21.79

21.99

22.06

829.25

823.66

824.63

847.10

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

17.01
15.46
16.27
16.66
18.51

16.85
15.21
16.13
16.58
18.40

17.06
15.60
16.24
16.52
18.63

17.31
15.64
16.61
16.96
18.97

656.59
598.30
623.14
646.41
720.04

645.36
585.59
619.39
644.96
702.38

665.34
603.72
625.24
650.89
741.47

671.63
613.09
634.50
656.35
736.04

13.38

13.30

13.69

13.81

436.19

429.59

446.29

452.97

10.38

10.31

10.81

10.84

360.19

337.14

362.14

355.55

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




111

13.79

Feb.
2000P

$538.61

448.18

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

074
078

28.7
37.3

28.0
35.1

27.9
36.1

28.4
35.0

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

30.9

29.8

29.9

30.1

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.2
28.0
27.2

33.2
27.1
22.2

34.4
28.4
27.0

33.5
27.8
24.0

73
731

33.7
36.6

33.4
36.6

33.9
35.9

34.0
36.8

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.5
28.8
37.4
28.0
38.6
35.7
40.9
38.5

36.3
28.2
36.3
27.4
38.6
36.6
40.5
38.4

36.7
28.9
36.3
28.3
38.0
35.1
40.3
37.9

36.7
28.9
36.8
28.2
37.3
36.0
40.0
36.8

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.3
38.6
37.9
39.5
39.3
39.5
33.3
35.2
36.7

32.3
38.1
38.0
39.2
38.5
38.7
32.8
34.5
36.9

33.1
38.4
37.6
39.4
39.1
40.0
33.4
35.5
36.7

32.8
39.2
38.0
39.5
39.4
41.9
33.4
35.5
37.3

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.6
36.0
35.6
33.1
37.7
38.0
37.3
30.6
27.7

35.5
35.9
35.3
33.3
37.7
37.8
37.7
30.3
26.3

35.1
35.5
34.7
33.0
37.5
38.3
36.9
29.3
26.3

35.3
35.7
35.1
33.3
37.5
38.1
36.9
29.9
26.7

Miscellaneous repair services

76

37.9

37.4

38.0

37.7

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.5
39.6
23.7

30.5
40.5
23.1

30.8
41.1
23.4

30.6
40.0
24.2

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.5
25.3
26.3
19.1
28.2

25.7
24.9
25.1
19.2
26.8

25.8
25.1
25.3
18.5
28.8

25.7
25.6
25.0
19.0
27.3

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

32.9
32.9
27.9
30.2
32.4
31.6
34.7

32.9
32.6
27.7
30.0
32.4
31.6
34.9

33.0
32.8
28.3
30.1
32.5
31.7
34.8

33.4
33.2
28.2
30.8
32.8
31.9
35.2

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

See footnotes at end of table.




112

Average overtime hours
Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

074
078

$10.27
10.44

$10.23
10.40

$10.49
10.97

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

9.22

9.18

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.76
9.81
9.61

8.63
9.44
9.28

10.15

73
731

13.23
18.58

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

11.79
8.57
11.86
8.18
17.54
11.98

16.83

11.95

13.58
17.85
12.19

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

10.57
22.34
25.44
21.43
15.75
17.29
10.51
8.67
13.94

10.63
21.81
24.78
21.01
16.04
16.98
10.40
8.52
13.89

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4

11.48

7538
754
7542

10.07
8.61
12.85
13.46
12.69
8.60
7.62

11.34
10.94
9.89
8.46
12.68
13.34

Miscellaneous repair services

76

13.87

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$10.54
11.03

$294.75
389.41

$286.44
365.04

$292.67
396.02

$299.34
386.05

9.57

9.48

284.90

273.56

286.14

285.35

8.93
9.97

8.93
9.83
9.83

299.59
274.68
261.39

286.52
255.82
206.02

307.19
288.26
269.19

299.16
273.27
235.92

13.11
18.06

13.42
19.04

13.68
19.53

445.85
680.03

437.87
661.00

454.94
683.54

465.12
718.70

11.60
8.38
11.44

11.82
8.77
12.01

8.02
13.21

13.58

11.87
8.79
11.74
8.45
13.63
13.29
17.70
12.37

430.34
246.82
443.56
229.04
514.92
473.38
717.39
461.23

421.08
236.32
415.27
219.75
509.91
486.05
681.62
458.88

433.79
253.45
435.96
238.00
516.04
476.66
719.36
462.00

435.63
254.03
432.03
238.29
508.40
478.44
708.00
455.22

10.70
22.78
26.15
21.52
15.46
17.53
10.70
8.90
14.34

10.80
22.73
26.00
21.80
15.74
17.81
10.97
9.11
14.45

341.41
862.32
964.18
846.49
618.98
682.96
349.98
305.18
511.60

343.35
830.96
941.64
823.59
617.54
657.13
341.12
293.94
512.54

354.17
874.75
983.24
847.89
604.49
701.20
357.38
315.95
526.28

354.24
891.02
988.00
861.10
620.16
746.24
366.40
323.41
538.99

11.73
11.25
10.32
8.88
13.07
13.76
12.80

11.80

8.74
7.70

10.39
8.81
13.16
13.88
12.83
8.85
7.84

408.69
396.00
358.49
284.99
484.45
511.48
473.34
263.16
211.07

402.57
392.75
349.12
281.72
478.04
504.25
472.38
259.07
200.14

411.72
399.38
358.10
293.04
490.13
527.01
472.32
256.08
202.51

416.54
404.48
364.69
293.37
493.50
528.83
473.43
264.62
209.33

13.65

14.06

14.10

525.67

510.51

534.28

531.57

15.69
21.43
7.37

15.34
21.10
7.23

15.66
21.05
7.64

14.94
20.14
7.73

478.55
848.63
174.67

467.87
854.55
167.01

482.33
865.16
178.78

457.16
805.60
187.07

79
793
799
7991
7997

9.81
7.79
9.15
9.33
9.68

10.06
7.63
9.34
9.06
10.00

10.49
7.99
9.82
9.79

10.36
8.02
9.73
9.82

10.41

10.28

259.97
197.09
240.65
178.20
272.98

258.54
189.99
234.43
173.95
268.00

270.64
200.55
248.45
181.12
299.81

266.25
205.31
243.25
186.58
280.64

80
801
802

14.21
14.85
14.77
13.00
10.18
9.75
15.97

14.03
14.61
14.49
13.00
10.00
9.56
15.79

14.46
15.16
15.22
13.05
10.45
10.05
16.19

14.54
15.21
15.20
13.14
10.50
10.08
16.28

467.51
488.57
412.08
392.60
329.83
308.10
554.16

461.59
476.29
401.37
390.00
324.00
302.10
551.07

477.18
497.25
430.73
392.81
339.63
318.59
563.41

485.64
504.97
428.64
404.71
344.40
321.55
573.06

804
805
8052
806

13.34
13.26

11.00

13.28

12.53
8.55
7.61

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

113

8.41

11.33

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

808

29.1

28.7

29.4

29.7

Legal services

81

34.9

34.7

34.8

35.7

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.2
31.2
30.7
29.7
32.4
32.4

31.1
31.3
30.5
29.1
32.3
32.5

31.1
31.0
30.6
29.5
32.3
32.5

31.6
31.7
31.0
29.6
33.2
32.6

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.3

35.3

35.2

35.4

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.2
39.2
39.6
38.0
37.2
36.9
36.4
39.3
31.3
36.1
36.1
35.3
36.5
35.5

37.2
38.9
39.3
38.2
35.9
36.6
36.4
39.7
31.1
36.0
36.4
34.9
37.0
35.2

37.0
39.0
39.5
37.6
36.6
36.6
36.0
38.8
30.8
36.3
36.0
35.8
36.4
35.4

37.4
39.1
39.6
38.2
36.4
37.6
36.4
39.2
30.9
36.8
36.4
36.3
36.6
36.5

35.3

34.5

36.0

36.6

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

Services, nee
See footnotes at end of table.




114

Average overtime hours
Feb.
2000P

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$12.01

$11.75

$12.25

Average weekly earnings
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

$12.35

$349.49

$337.23

$360.15

$366.80

Feb.
2000P

Legal services

81

19.00

18.65

19.46

19.79

663.10

647.16

677.21

706.50

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

9.59
10.08
9.28
8.27
9.73
11.61

9.48
9.97
9.27
8.20
9.56
11.40

9.79
10.25
9.50
8.53
9.92
11.78

9.89
10.41
9.50
8.63
9.96
12.01

299.21
314.50
284.90
245.62
315.25
376.16

294.83
312.06
282.74
238.62
308.79
370.50

304.47
317.75
290.70
251.64
320.42
382.85

312.52
330.00
294.50
255.45
330.67
391.53

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

18.68

18.69

18.70

19.02

659.40

659.76

658.24

673.31

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

18.51
20.19
21.07
18.31
14.30
15.83
18.44
20.37
14.81
21.98
18.37
16.22
21.28
16.77

18.26
19.93
20.83
17.95
13.97
15.70
18.59
20.56
15.16
21.92
17.86
15.84
20.46
16.36

18.86
20.72
21.63
18.72
14.61
16.07
18.49
20.45
14.72
22.14
18.77
16.69
21.75
17.59

19.05
20.85
21.71
19.08
14.59
16.32
18.71
20.57
15.26
22.18
19.03
16.78
22.20
17.69

688.57
791.45
834.37
695.78
531.96
584.13
671.22
800.54
463.55
793.48
663.16
572.57
776.72
595.34

679.27
775.28
818.62
685.69
501.52
574.62
676.68
816.23
471.48
789.12
650.10
552.82
757.02
575.87

697.82
808.08
854.39
703.87
534.73
588.16
665.64
793.46
453.38
803.68
675.72
597.50
791.70
622.69

712.47
815.24
859.72
728.86
531.08
613.63
681.04
806.34
471.53
816.22
692.69
609.11
812.52
645.69

Services, nee

89

18.52

18.27

18.82

10.80

653.76

630.32

677.52

688.08

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




4

Feb.
20Q0P

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
5

115

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Dec.
1998

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$21.56

$21.39

$22.40

$22.64

$21.50

$21.65

$21.93

$21.68

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

21.65

21.50

22.48

22.71

21.69

21.85

22.05

21.78

p

= preliminary.




116

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

13.18

$12.98

$13.41

$13.47

$13.46

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.63
10.89
10.73
12.95
14.76
12.75
14.21
12.85
17.01
13.63
10.92

13.39
10.74
10.64
12.79
14.38
12.61
13.92
12.71
16.49
13.43
10.80

13.88
11.07
10.91
13.09
15.02
12.91
14.44
13.01
17.54
13.73
11.14

13.94
11.14
10.95
13.13
15.06
12.97
14.51
13.12
17.54
13.81
11.22

13.93
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

12.50
11.35
18.39
10.17
8.60
14.99
13.30
16.50
19.96
11.68
9.44

12.36
11.23
16.57
10.09
8.46
14.81
13.18
16.33
19.90
11.60
9.40

12.68
11.53
17.07
10.26
8.72
15.11
13.51
16.74
20.53
11.84
9.68

12.74
11.54
17.63
10.30
8.76
15.12
13.62
16.82
20.38
11.93
9.77

$12.73
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$13.24
7.86

$13.11
7.89

$13.47
7.90

$13.58
7.95

$13.56 $456.78 $445.74 $466.06 $467.15 $463.75
271.25 268.19 273.51
273.51
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.04
10.12

17.23
10.37

17.13
10.05

17.25
10.10

$17.18
(2)

746.35
443.20

728.83
438.53

760.57
446.34

765.90 $761.07
448.42
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.13
10.17

16.74
10.07

17.42
10.22

17.33
10.15

$17.37
(2)

668.07
396.72

634.45
381.74

674.15
395.63

663.74 $670.48
388.61
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.91
8.26

13.66
8.22

14.21
8.34

14.19
8.31

$14.18
(2)

580.05
344.45

564.16
339.45

603.93
354.42

590.30 $589.89
345.61
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.67
9.31

15.57
9.37

15.94
9.35

15.94
9.33

$15.99
(2)

606.43
360.11

602.56
362.55

612.10
359.21

610.50 $609.22
357.44
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.59
8.66

14.42
8.68

14.91
8.75

15.05
8.81

$14.93
(2)

560.26
332.70

547.96
329.70

574.04
336.88

579.43 $568.83
339.24
(2)

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

9.08
5.39

9.00
5.42

9.25
5.43

9.31
5.45

$9.32
(2)

263.32
156.37

252.90
152.17

271.03
159.06

265.34 $266.55
155.35
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.61
8.68

14.48
8.71

14.75
8.66

14.98
8.77

$14.92
(2)

528.88
314.06

521.28
313.65

533.95
313.35

551.26 $538.61
322.75
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.38
7.95

13.30
8.00

13.69
8.03

13.81
8.09

$13.79
(2)

436.19
259.02

429.59
258.48

446.29
261.91

452.97 $448.18
265.20
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Avg.
1999

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

118

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

42.2
43.5
43.3

42.6
41.5
44.8

41.9
41.6
44.3

Alaska

26.2

35.7

Arizona

40.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

January
1999

Average weekly earnings
January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

December
1999

January
2000P

$12.26
13.12
13.67

$12.74
13.13
14.06

$12.73
13.18
14.09

$517.37
570.72
591.91

$542.72
544.90
629.89

$533.39
548.29
624.19

25.8

13.16

14.74

13.64

344.79

526.22

351.91

40.5

40.6

12.67

12.82

12.86

508.07

519.21

522.12

42.6
43.1
43.7
42.4
40.5

42.2
41.5
42.3
41.7
41.2

41.4
42.3
41.6
40.5
40.7

11.45
10.91
11.62
12.16
12.89

11.74
11.24
11.79
12.35
13.55

11.88
11.26
11.66
12.45
13.36

487.77
470.22
507.79
515.58
522.05

495.43
466.46
498.72
515.00
558.26

491.83
476.30
485.06
504.23
543.75

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.9
42.4
40.7
42.7
41.9
42.3
43.1
42.8
41.2
38.9
40.1
40.6
43.0
40.8
39.5
41.7
41.7
42.4

42.2
41.2
41.6
43.0
41.5
42.6
43.3
43.2
41.3
43.0
39.9
40.2
43.4
41.2
39.8
41.7
42.0
42.3

41.4
41.1
40.5
42.5
40.8
42.2
43.3
42.8
41.0
42.6
39.7
40.1
40.9
41.4
40.0
41.3
41.8
42.1

13.90
13.78
12.18
13.03
13.79
15.61
13.24
12.25
14.88
14.55
13.77
14.87
17.02
14.05
15.02
13.33
15.97
12.78

14.09
13.83
12.29
13.19
14.00
15.79
13.44
12.50
15.04
13.90
13.71
14.86
17.37
14.37
14.75
13.48
16.27
12.86

14.10
13.83
12.27
13.20
13.96
15.81
13.45
12.47
15.01
14.21
13.76
14.93
17.46
14.34
14.88
13.47
16.12
12.88

582.41
584.27
495.73
556.38
577.80
660.30
570.64
524.30
613.06
566.00
552.18
603.72
731.86
573.24
593.29
555.86
665.95
541.87

594.60
569.80
511.26
567.17
581.00
672.65
581.95
540.00
621.15
597.70
547.03
597.37
753.86
592.04
587.05
562.12
683.34
543.98

583.74
568.41
496.94
561.00
569.57
667.18
582.39
533.72
515.41
605.35
546.27
598.69
714.11
593.68
595.20
556.31
673.82
542.25

Colorado
Denver

41.5
41.9

45.4
43.1

44.3
42.1

13.96
13.20

14.23
13.60

14.15
13.56

579.34
553.08

646.04
586.16

626.85
570.88

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

41.8
41.3
40.5
42.2
41.1
41.8
39.0
44.0

43.3
44.0
41.7
44.5
43.3
43.1
39.9
44.8

42.6
40.6
40.7
43.6
41.9
42.1
39.4
45.7

15.03
15.33
15.05
15.97
14.65
15.67
13.78
14.44

15.71
15.90
15.62
16.83
15.16
16.34
13.59
14.91

15.67
16.03
16.09
16.62
15.20
16.34
13.84
14.57

628.25
633.13
609.53
673.93
602.12
655.01
537.42
635.36

680.24
699.60
651.35
748.94
656.43
704.25
542.24
667.97

667.54
650.82
654.86
724.63
636.88
687.91
545.30
665.85

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

42.2
39.3
42.5

43.1
39.8
44.4

42.1
39.6
43.0

15.54
13.82
18.71

16.24
14.12
19.53

16.01
14.27
19.46

655.79
543.13
795.18

699.94
561.98
867.13

674.02
565.09
836.78

38.0

40.0

39.1

15.06

15.45

15.18

572.28

618.00

593.54

42.2

42.9

42.1

11.73

12.10

12.10

495.01

519.09

509.41

41.6
40.7
47.7

43.3
41.3
47.5

41.9
40.1
47.1

12.21
12.85
15.85

12.92
13.81
16.65

12.89
13.69
16.54

507.94
523.00
756.05

559.44
570.35
790.88

540.09
548.97
779.03

39.9
40.1

40.7
41.4

38.9
39.5

13.15
13.17

13.53
13.19

13.45
13.06

524.69
528.12

550.67
546.07

523.21
515.87

38.9

39.9

40.1

13.13

13.68

13.91

510.76

545.83

557.79

41.6
38.6
40.4
42.0
41.5
42.0
40.0
41.8
42.3
40.9

42.6
42.4
41.3
42.7
40.9
41.7
42.0
41.8
43.2
41.7

41.5
36.9
40.1
42.2
41.3
41.4
42.5
41.3
42.6
42.6

13.90
17.87
11.35
13.62
15.38
16.77
15.35
16.60
15.90
12.47

14.25
19.36
12.46
14.04
15.87
16.70
15.63
16.72
16.54
12.74

14.22
20.69
12.30
14.02
15.47
16.63
15.75
16.76
16.57
12.82

578.24
689.78
458.54
572.04
638.27
704.34
614.00
693.88
672.57
510.02

607.05
820.86
514.60
599.51
649.08
696.39
656.46
698.90
714.53
531.26

590.13
763.46
493.23
591.64
638.91
688.48
669.38
692.19
705.88
546.13

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

43.0
41.1
40.1
44.2
40.1
45.5
44.3
48.0
43.1
45.0
40.6
43.0

43.5
40.6
40.0
44.8
41.3
44.0
44.1
50.0
43.9
44.7
40.1
45.2

42.6
40.5
39.7
44.3
40.7
44.3
44.1
49.7
42.4
43.9
40.9
44.8

$15.05
12.21
12.63
14.43
15.38
19.33
15.50
22.16
15.66
14.41
12.46
14.70

$15.61
13.69
13.59
15.19
16.00
19.98
15.46
21.86
16.48
14.33
12.49
13.78

$15.59
13.81
13.32
15.08
16.10
19.86
15.48
21.66
16.63
13.62
12.67
13.63

$647.15
501.83
506.46
637.81
616.74
879.52
686.65
1,063.68
674.95
648.45
505.88
632.10

$679.04
555.81
543.60
680.51
660.80
879.12
681.79
1,093.00
723.47
640.55
500.85
622.86

$664.13
559.31
528.80
668.04
655.27
879.80
682.67
1,076.50
705.11
597.92
518.20
610.62

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.5
42.1
40.6
37.6
39.4

42.0
42.2
39.7
41.6
40.3

41.6
42.1
39.8
39.9
37.2

14.09
18.12
14.01
14.79
12.39

14.54
19.80
15.13
17.46
12.28

14.25
18.51
15.35
15.71
12.12

584.74
762.85
568.81
556.10
488.17

610.68
835.56
600.66
726.34
494.88

592.80
779.27
610.93
626.83
450.86

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

41.6
40.0
42.4

41.0
39.3
41.8

40.3
38.1
41.1

14.16
16.88
16.51

15.00
17.54
17.15

14.91
17.54
17.06

589.06
675.20
700.02

615.00
689.32
716.87

600.87
668.27
701.17

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.1
42.3
40.9

42.7
43.6
42.8

42.0
42.9
43.3

14.16
14.18
15.57

14.32
15.05
16.46

14.24
15.13
16.37

581.98
599.81
636.81

611.46
656.18
704.49

598.08
649.08
708.82

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

43.9
42.5
43.6
41.6

43.8
43.8
43.5
43.1

43.6
44.8
43.2
43.0

14.90
17.56
14.80
14.35

15.41
17.41
15.25
14.58

15.59
17.50
15.53
14.32

654.11
746.30
645.28
596.96

674.96
762.56
663.38
628.40

679.72
784.00
670.90
615.76

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

39.3
40.7
40.6

42.4
42.8
46.6

41.2
42.1
43.4

13.80
11.81
11.50

14.19
12.49
11.82

14.15
12.74
12.03

542.34
480.67
466.90

601.66
534.57
550.81

582.98
536.35
522.10

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

40.8
40.1

41.3
41.4

41.2
40.7

14.32
15.22

14.73
15.48

14.68
15.37

584.26
610.32

608.35
640.87

604.82
625.56

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.4
40.7
40.0
40.6

42.8
42.0
42.1
42.5

41.9
40.7
41.2
41.6

13.99
15.30
13.73
14.25

14.43
15.93
13.84
14.66

14.45
15.84
13.85
14.78

579.19
622.71
549.20
578.55

617.60
669.06
582.66
623.05

605.46
644.69
570.62
614.85

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.9
44.4
44.2
42.9
42.1
42.3
46.9
42.7
45.0

45.2
46.4
46.7
46.7
43.9
41.9
43.6
43.8
47.9

44.4
45.4
46.0
46.1
42.5
42.3
42.7
43.2
46.4

18.21
19.98
20.56
25.54
15.09
12.72
15.97
19.61
22.38

19.12
20.66
21.13
25.46
15.38
13.61
15.03
20.08
22.35

18.90
20.24
20.84
25.30
15.46
13.33
14.66
19.95
21.68

799.42
887.11
908.75
1,095.67
635.29
538.06
748.99
837.35
1,007.10

864.22
958.62
986.77
1,188.98
675.18
570.26
655.31
879.50
1,070.57

839.16
918.90
958.64
1,166.33
657.05
563.86
625.98
861.84
1,005.95

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.5
39.1
41.8
41.6

41.6
39.4
42.5
43.0

41.0
38.5
42.3
41.4

14.01
12.88
15.12
13.34

14.64
13.09
15.39
14.12

14.66
12.83
15.58
13.78

567.41
503.61
632.02
554.94

609.02
515.75
654.08
607.16

601.06
493.96
659.03
570.49

Mississippi
Jackson

41.5
40.9

42.2
41.1

40.9
39.4

10.95
12.76

11.49
12.91

11.45
12.99

454.43
521.88

484.88
530.60

468.31
511.81

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.4
42.6
41.7
40.4

42.3
42.2
43.8
41.2

41.2
41.2
43.0
39.7

13.71
14.07
16.42
11.71

14.08
15.01
16.35
12.08

14.24
15.16
16.59
12.38

567.59
599.38
684.71
473.08

595.58
633.42
716.13
497.70

586.69
624.59
713.37
491.49

Montana

39.0

39.3

39.7

14.10

14.20

14.17

549.90

558.06

562.55

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

43.0
43.5
42.9

42.1
44.4
41.8

41.8
46.5
42.8

12.70
14.41
13.26

12.82
14.50
14.41

12.80
14.59
13.81

546.10
626.84
568.85

539.72
643.80
602.34

535.04
678.44
591.07

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.6
37.7

41.8
47.1

41.0
44.3

13.94
16.16

13.35
13.30

13.51
13.01

565.96
609.23

558.03
626.43

553.91
576.34

See footnotes at end of table.




120

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

39.5
39.7
39.7
37.3

41.8
40.9
42.4
42.5

40.1
38.2
40.5
41.8

$12.98
13.80
14.46
12.75

$13.26
14.65
13.58
13.68

$13.26
14.32
13.63
13.27

$512.71
547.86
574.06
475.58

$554.27
599.19
575.79
581.40

$531.73
547.02
552.02
554.69

New Jersey

41.2

42.8

41.6

14.86

15.41

15.45

612.23

659.55

642.72

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.5
38.0

40.7
40.3

40.2
39.5

12.06
13.45

13.36
15.60

13.51
15.77

464.31
511.10

543.75
628.68

543.10
622.92

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.5
41.6
39.7
41.9
38.5
39.6
39.6
39.0
38.7
38.8
42.1
43.7
41.0
39.8
39.5

41.8
42.2
42.4
43.6
40.4
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.3
41.6
42.9
44.8
42.2
41.1
43.2

41.2
41.7
41.5
42.9
40.2
40.0
39.3
39.6
39.0
41.0
41.9
44.4
41.3
41.0
42.5

13.69
14.97
10.84
16.91
12.12
12.64
12.58
12.69
12.44
11.61
15.08
16.12
14.93
12.23
13.11

14.09
15.37
11.09
17.61
12.28
13.12
13.24
12.97
12.78
11.41
15.99
15.87
15.67
12.91
13.06

14.08
15.45
11.21
17.41
12.32
13.07
13.13
12.97
12.80
11.53
16.20
15.72
15.65
12.92
12.96

554.45
622.75
430.35
708.53
466.62
500.54
498.17
494.91
481.43
450.47
634.87
704.44
612.13
486.75
517.85

588.96
648.61
470.22
767.80
496.11
530.05
528.28
518.80
502.25
474.66
685.97
710.98
661.27
530.60
564.19

580.10
644.27
465.22
746.89
495.26
522.80
516.01
513.61
499.20
472.73
678.78
697.97
646.35
529.72
550.80

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

41.2
40.9
41.7
40.0
42.5

42.2
44.4
42.3
41.0
43.8

41.3
44.2
42.2
39.3
43.1

12.13
11.71
13.03
12.40
13.26

12.57
11.57
13.60
12.73
13.64

12.53
11.79
13.59
12.62
13.76

499.76
478.94
543.35
496.00
563.55

530.45
513.71
575.28
521.93
597.43

517.49
521.12
573.50
495.97
593.06

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.7
40.0

41.2
40.0

39.5
40.0

11.63
10.91

12.33
12.28

12.59
12.36

461.71
436.40

508.00
491.20

497.31
494.40

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

41.6
41.8
39.0
42.5
42.1
40.7
43.0
46.6
41.9
43.0
41.5
43.5
41.1

44.3
42.6
40.8
44.6
44.0
43.6
45.2
47.0
44.8
45.5
42.0
46.0
44.8

43.3
42.1
40.3
44.2
43.8
42.5
44.6
45.6
44.5
44.6
42.0
44.7
42.9

16.16
13.32
13.87
15.65
15.86
15.07
17.37
17.72
16.64
16.27
17.87
18.26
17.73

16.63
14.28
14.10
16.34
16.29
15.36
17.62
17.40
17.14
16.73
18.06
18.90
18.21

16.47
14.24
14.12
16.34
16.17
15.18
17.40
17.28
17.36
16.44
18.54
18.82
17.64

672.26
556.78
540.93
665.13
667.71
613.35
746.91
825.75
697.22
699.61
741.61
794.31
728.70

736.71
608.33
575.28
728.76
716.76
669.70
796.42
817.80
767.87
761.22
758.52
869.40
815.81

713.15
599.50
569.04
722.23
708.25
645.15
776.04
787.97
772.52
733.22
778.68
841.25
756.76

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

41.3
39.4
44.0

41.7
44.2
43.9

40.5
42.1
43.7

12.80
13.63
13.43

12.92
14.46
13.61

12.65
14.01
13.46

528.64
537.02
590.92

538.76
639.13
597.48

512.33
589.82
588.20

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

40.0
39.9
38.9
40.2
38.7

41.1
41.6
39.8
41.4
37.0

40.8
41.1
40.5
40.6
36.7

14.53
13.93
12.98
15.14
12.66

14.82
14.17
13.48
15.20
13.05

14.90
14.34
13.69
15.17
13.32

581.20
555.81
504.92
608.63
489.94

609.10
589.47
536.50
629.28
482.85

607.92
589.37
554.45
615.90
488.84

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

40.4
38.8
39.3
44.9
38.0
38.9
39.4
40.6
41.5
40.6
39.1
40.4
40.3
38.3
41.6

42.6
41.6
40.0
44.6
40.1
37.4
41.9
43.2
43.5
43.2
41.2
42.4
42.3
41.2
43.3

42.0
41.2
39.9
44.3
39.7
39.0
41.4
42.0
43.0
43.1
40.6
42.0
41.7
40.9
42.0

14.10
14.23
13.13
14.56
14.09
11.92
13.04
15.58
15.18
14.60
12.73
14.25
12.53
11.59
14.33

14.37
14.31
13.23
14.71
14.66
11.96
13.59
16.18
15.55
15.11
12.94
14.77
12.70
12.29
15.05

14.32
14.46
13.22
14.69
14.60
12.01
13.49
16.07
15.55
15.04
12.77
14.71
12.74
12.08
14.96

569.64
552.12
516.01
653.74
535.42
463.69
513.78
632.55
629.97
592.76
497.74
575.70
504.96
443.90
596.13

612.16
595.30
529.20
656.07
587.87
447.30
569.42
698.98
676.43
652.75
533.13
626.25
537.21
506.35
651.67

601.44
595.75
527.48
650.77
579.62
468.39
558.49
674.94
668.65
648.22
518.46
617.82
531.26
494.07
628.32

See footnotes at end of table.




121

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

January
1999

December
1999

39.5
40.5

41.1
40.6

39.5
39.7

$11.86
12.23

42.7

43.0

42.9

42.6
40.6
44.1

43.1
40.2
44.9

43.0
40.1
44.9

40.7
41.3
38.9
41.4
39.9
40.1

41.6
42.2
42.3
41.2
40.7
41.4

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.4
43.0
42.8
44.0
42.2

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

January
2000P

January
1999

December
1999

Average weekly earnings

January
200CP

January
1999

December
1999

January
2000P

$12.17
12.34

$12.17
12.36

$468.47
495.32

$500.19
501.00

$480.72
490.69

10.49

10.82

10.84

447.92

465.26

465.04

10.51
10.55
10.89

10.65
10.78
11.13

10.65
10.75
11.14

447.73
428.33
480.25

459.02
433.36
499.74

457.95
431.08
500.19

40.9
41.4
41.1
40.0
40.0
40.3

12.19
11.58
12.96
11.92
13.16
12.93

12.81
11.94
12.66
12.77
13.54
13.99

12.77
12.23
12.63
12.45
13.56
14.03

496.13
478.25
504.14
493.49
525.08
518.49

532.90
503.87
535.52
526.12
551.08
579.19

522.29
506.32
519.09
498.00
542.40
565.41

44.0
42.3
44.5
44.7
43.2

43.3
41.7
43.7
44.2
43.0

12.19
12.43
13.23
14.24
9.89

12.30
12.46
13.51
14.55
10.14

12.34
12.42
13.47
14.81
10.12

529.05
534.49
566.24
626.56
417.36

541.20
527.06
601.20
650.39
438.05

534.32
517.91
588.64
654.60
435.16

40.1
40.2

39.4
39.1

38.8
38.4

13.34
12.99

13.45
12.97

13.38
12.93

534.93
522.20

529.93
507.13

519.14
496.51

Vermont
Burlington

38.6
42.5

40.4
44.0

40.7
46.8

13.26
13.83

14.03
15.44

13.99
14.55

511.84
587.78

566.81
679.36

569.39
680.94

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.5
47.7
42.2
43.3
45.0
41.3
41.9
39.6

43.0
49.0
47.8
45.8
44.8
39.8
44.2
40.8

42.7
48.1
47.1
44.1
45.3
39.4
41.7
38.5

13.20
10.61
10.60
13.28
13.05
13.58
16.42
13.70

13.59
12.38
11.29
13.23
13.23
13.99
16.40
14.25

13.73
12.68
11.33
13.69
13.27
13.86
16.68
14.02

561.00
506.10
447.32
575.02
587.25
560.85
688.00
542.52

584.37
606.62
539.66
605.93
592.70
556.80
724.88
581.40

586.27
609.91
533.64
603.73
601.13
546.08
695.56
539.77

Washington

40.4

40.9

40.6

16.20

16.49

16.71

654.48

674.44

678.43

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.4
47.3
41.9
41.4
40.3

42.4
50.6
42.2
43.7
43.5

41.6
46.8
39.7
41.6
38.6

13.99
16.31
15.37
17.34
18.14

14.32
16.50
15.21
18.31
18.61

14.39
16.76
15.20
17.84
17.66

579.19
771.46
644.00
717.88
731.04

607.17
834.90
641.86
800.15
809.54

598.62
784.37
603.44
742.14
681.68

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
,
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
,

41.6
43.8
41.2
41.9
42.4
39.2
40.9
40.6
41.6
41.1
42.1
43.2

42.8
45.5
42.7
43.1
41.6
39.9
42.3
39.5
42.6
44.1
43.0
42.7

41.5
44.9
43.6
42.2
40.5
38.5
41.6
40.8
41.0
41.9
42.6
40.9

14.34
15.69
12.73
15.45
18.90
15.93
12.34
13.20
15.40
13.91
14.35
13.96

14.76
16.13
13.13
15.10
18.64
17.41
12.28
14.19
15.69
14.97
14.93
14.45

14.75
16.00
13.35
15.36
18.73
17.27
12.04
14.14
15.60
14.90
15.09
14.67

596.54
687.22
524.48
647.36
801.36
624.46
504.71
535.92
640.64
571.70
604.14
603.07

631.73
733.92
560.65
650.81
775.42
694.66
519.44
560.51
668.39
660.18
641.99
617.02

612.13
718.40
582.06
648.19
758.57
664.90
500.86
576.91
639.60
624.31
642.83
600.00

Wyoming

40.3

39.4

39.6

15.34

15.24

15.44

618.20

600.46

611.42

Puerto Rico

40.6

41.3

39.6

8.72

9.12

9.12

354.03

376.66

361.15

Virgin Islands

44.0

42.4

18.69

18.63

822.36

789.91

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

122

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Census region and division
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,096.4 26,105.3 26,107.9 26,151.8 26,158.0 26,188.6 26,224.2 26,239.4 26,246.5 26,293.0 26,316.7 26,336.6 26,414.4
24,919.4 24,940.5 24,946.3 25,002.0 24,987.2 25,012.9 25,067.2 25,079.7 25,095.2 25,160.3 25,209.1 25,252.8 25,368.7
1,176.9 1,164.9 1,161.6 1,149.8 1,170.9 1,175.6 1,156.9 1,159.7 1,151.3 1,132.7 1,107.6 1,083.9 1,045.7
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,101.9
6,861.3
240.6
3.4

7,104.8
6,867.3
237.5
3.3

7,111.5
6,874.5
236.9
3.3

7,127.7
6,893.6
234.1
3.3

7,129.8
6,887.6
242.2
3.4

7,139.0
6,898.2
240.8
3.4

7,149.4
6,914.7
234.6
3.3

7,154.1
6,920.6
233.5
3.3

7,163.6
6,930.5
233.1
3.3

7,182.5
6,949.4
233.1
3.2

7,193.2
6,965.4
227.8
3.2

7,201.5
6,978.8
222.7
3.1

7,225.1
7,020.5
204.5
2.8

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,994.5 19,000.5 18,996.4 19,024.1 19,028.3 19,049.5 19,074.8 19,085.3 19,082.9 19,110.5 19,123.5 19,135.1 19,189.3
18,058.2 18,073.2 18,071.8 18,108.4 18,099.6 18,114.7 18,152.5 18,159.1 18,164.7 18,210.9 18,243.7 18,274.0 18,348.1
899.6
879.8
841.2
926.2
918.2
861.1
934.8
922.3
915.7
928.7
936.3
924.7
927.3
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

47,995.4 48,048.9 48,087.5 48,148.2 48,186.0 48,277.5 48,351.3 48,440.4 48,581.6 48,748.2 48,881.3 49,012.4 49,129.5
45,956.6 46,021.7 46,059.2 46,131.3 46,171.1 46,266.7 46,382.7 46,469.6 46,607.2 46,774.9 46,929.0 47,076.3 47,248.9
2,014.9
2,010.8 1,968.7 1,970.8 1,974.4 1,973.3 1,952.3 1,936.1 1,880.6
2,038.8
2,027.2 2,028.2 2,016.9
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,807.6 24,839.8 24,859.8 24,915.6 24,949.6 24,985.5 25,038.7 25,101.1 25,184.6 25,287.9 25,371.0 25,451.4 25,494.8
23,853.7 23,892.1 23,907.0 23,970.9 24,001.5 24,047.4 24,115.0 24,171.2 24,251.2 24,353.3 24,442.8 24,532.8 24,604.7
934.6
890.1
933.4
928.2
918.6
929.9
948.0
944.7
938.1
923.7
953.9
952.9
947.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,143.6
7,772.2
371.4
4.6

8,154.6
7,784.1
370.6
4.5

8,165.4
7,788.6
376.8
4.6

8,173.4
7,798.1
375.3
4.6

8,177.8
7,802.2
375.6
4.6

8,195.3
7,818.4
376.9
4.6

8,210.8
7,841.2
369.6
4.5

8,212.7
7,844.3
368.4
4.5

8,227.2
7,861.9
365.4
4.4

8,249.2
7,886.2
363.0
4.4

8,259.3
7,904.8
354.5
4.3

8,273.2
7,924.1
349.1
4.2

8,312.8
7,965.9
347.0
4.2

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,044.2 15,054.5 15,062.3 15,059.2 15,058.7 15,096.6 15,101.8 15,126.6 15,169.7 15,211.1 15,251.0 15,287.8 15,321.9
14,330.7 14,345.6 14,363.7 14,362.3 14,367.4 14,400.9 14,426.5 14,454.2 14,494.1 14,535.4 14,581.4 14,619.5 14,678.4
675.7
668.4
672.4
695.7
675.7
669.6
643.5
691.3
675.3
713.5
708.9
698.6
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.6

See footnotes at end of table.




123

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Census region and division
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

33,180.3 33,215.9 33,232.4 33,291,8 33,313.2 33,391.1 33,471.9 33,473.1 33,543.4 33,640.6 33,720.7 33,816.4 33,880.6
31,954.9 32,005.7 32,033.0 32,096.1 32,088.4 32,159.6 32,254.6 32,268.8 32,356.7 32,470.0 32,565.1 32,671.1 32,787.4
1,225.5 1,210.2 1,199.4 1,195.6 1,224.8 1,231.5 1,217.3 1,204.3 1,186.7 1,170.6 1,155.6 1,145.4 1,093.2
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

23,042.9 23,091.3 23,110.2 23,158.7 23,171.6 23,224.3 23,280.3 23,272.7 23,306.0 23,360.6 23,404.4 23,448.8 23,502.8
22,135.9 22,194.4 22,224.3 22,269.8 22,262.5 22,309.4 22,373.8 22,372.5 22,415.7 22,474.7 22,528.7 22,579.5 22,670.4
875.7
889.0
914.9
890.4
896.9
885.9
832.4
885.9
909.0
907.0
906.5
900.2
869.3
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.9

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,137.5 10,124.6 10,122.2 10,133.0 10,141.6 10,166.8 10,191.5 10,200.5 10,237.4 10,280.0 10,316.3 10,367.6 10,377.8
9,819.0 9,811.3 9,808.7 9,826.3 9,825.9 9,850.3 9,880.7 9,896.4 9,941.1 9,995.3 10,036.4 10,091.6 10,117.0
306.7
313.2
313.5
315.7
316.6
304.1
279.9
284.7
296.3
318.5
310.8
276.0
260.8
3.0
3.1
2.7
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.5

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,923.5 30,967.7 31,018.1 31,057.5 31,099.9 31,152.0 31,221.3 31,237.0 31,260.6 31,351.4 31,431.9 31,508.3 31,597.4
29,316.1 29,363.4 29,425.3 29,478.1 29,533.3 29,595.8 29,691.5 29,731.2 29,782.0 29,881.2 29,980.9 30,063.4 30,203.8
1,607.4 1,604.3 1,592.8 1,579.4 1,566.6 1,556.2 1,529.8 1,505.8 1,478.7 1,470.2 1,451.0 1,444.9 1,393.6
4.7
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.1
4.6
4.7
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.4
4.6
4.8

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,752.5
8,375.8
376.7
4.3

8,762.5
8,386.8
375.7
4.3

8,773.7
8,398.3
375.4
4.3

8,802.7
8,424.2
378.5
4.3

8,811.9
8,431.3
380.6
4.3

8,830.2
8,453.5
376.7
4.3

8,859.4
8,485.5
373.9
4.2

8,873.6
8,502.9
370.7
4.2

8,895.5
8,533.4
362.1
4.1

8,928.4
8,568.6
359.8
4.0

8,960.7
8,609.0
351.8
3.9

8,994.5
8,648.1
346.4
3.9

9,017.5
8,682.8
334.7
3.7

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,171.1 22,205.2 22,244.4 22,254.8 22,288.0 22,321.7 22,362.0 22,363.4 22,365.1 22,423.0 22,471.2 22,513.8 22,579.9
20,940.3 20,976.5 21,027.0 21,053.9 21,102.0 21,142.3 21,206.0 21,228.3 21,248.5 21,312.5 21,371.9 21,415.3 21,521.0
1,230.8 1,228.7 1,217.4 1,200.9 1,186.0 1,179.5 1,155.9 1,135.1 1,116.5 1,110.4 1,099.2 1,098.5 1,058.9
5.4
5.0
5.3
5.2
4.9
4.7
5.0
4.9
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.6
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Data have been revised to
incorporate updated population controls, reestimation of models, benchmarking to
CPS annual averages, and new seasonal adjustment factors.

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South




124

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2,131.9
2,035.9
96.0
4.5

2,131.8
2,034.0
97.8
4.6

2,132.5
2,031.3
101.2
4.7

315.4
295.6
19.8
6.3

315.8
294.7
21.1
6.7

2,318.3
2,216.2
102.1
4.4

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.P

2,140.8
2,038.0
102.8
4.8

2,144.9
2,040.2
104.7
4.9

2,151.7
2,047.9
103.8
4.8

2,159.2
2,056.9
102.3
4.7

2,169.6
2,067.2
102.3
4.7

2,182.5
2,079.5
103.0
4.7

2,197.7
2,089.9
107.9
4.9

314.1
293.3
20.8
6.6

313.8
293.4
20.4
6.5

314.4
294.5
19.9
6.3

314.9
295.5
19.4
6.2

315.7
296.6
19.1
6.0

316.7
297.7
19.0
6.0

317.6
299.4
18.2
5.7

318.9
300.1
18.9
5.9

2,357.0
2,247.6
109.4
4.6

2,362.6
2,255.2
107.3
4.5

2,373.7
2,265.7
108.1
4.6

2,378.4
2,271.4
107.0
4.5

2,380.8
2,279.3
101.5
4.3

2,386.9
2,285.3
101.6
4.3

2,392.0
2,292.3
99.7
4.2

2,396.5
2,299.7
96.8
4.0

2,400.4
2,301.8
98.5
4.1

1,209.7
1,154.2
55.5
4.6

1,211.8
1,156.8
55.0
4.5

1,215.9
1,160.7
55.2
4.5

1,220.0
1,165.8
54.1
4.4

1,224.0
1,170.4
53.7
4.4

1,229.5
1,177.2
52.3
4.3

1,236.3
1,184.0
52.3
4.2

1,243.7
1,191.8
51.9
4.2

1,251.8
1,198.6
53.1
4.2

1,256.0
1,201.2
54.8
4.4

16,508.6
15,601.1
907.5
5.5

16,527.1
15,631.2
895.9
5.4

16,552.7
15,677.4
875.3
5.3

16,580.8
15,713.2
867.7
5.2

16,614.0
15,759.7
854.3
5.1

16,619.5
15,783.6
835.9
5.0

16,630.6
15,807.2
823.4
5.0

16,667.4
15,841.6
825.8
5.0

16,695.4
15,870.9
824.5
4.9

16,726.0
15,898.0
828.0
5.0

16,783.0
15,994.3
788.7
4.7

2,242.5
2,175.1
67.3
3.0

2,244.3
2,177.5
66.8
3.0

2,251.9
2,185.1
66.8
3.0

2,252.2
2,186.8
65.4
2.9

2,256.9
2,191.8
65.1
2.9

2,264.3
2,200.0
64.3
2.8

2,265.1
2,201.0
64.1
2.8

2,271.9
2,208.0
63.9
2.8

2,281.1
2,216.0
65.0
2.9

2,292.1
2,227.8
64.3
2.8

2,301.2
2,235.8
65.5
2.8

2,317.1
2,257.6
59.5
2.6

1,690.8
1,635.6
55.2
3.3

1,689.9
1,634.0
55.9
3.3

1,689.9
1,633.3
56.6
3.3

1,690.8
1,634.5
56.3
3.3

1,690.4
1,633.1
57.3
3.4

1,690.3
1,634.2
56.1
3.3

1,689.7
1,637.7
52.0
3.1

1,688.9
1,638.3
50.6
3.0

1,690.2
1,637.8
52.4
3.1

1,694.2
1,642.2
52.0
3.1

1,696.0
1,646.6
49.4
2.9

1,697.1
1,649.9
47.2
2.8

1,705.9
1,668.7
37.3
2.2

388.3
374.6
13.7
3.5

387.2
373.4
13.8
3.6

387.2
373.3
13.9
3.6

386.9
372.8
14.1
3.6

385.9
371.9
14.0
3.6

385.7
372.0
13.7
3.5

387.0
373.4
13.5
3.5

387.3
374.4
12.9
3.3

389.0
375.8
13.1
3.4

392.0
378.4
13.6
3.5

394.3
380.6
13.7
3.5

396.7
383.0
13.8
3.5

396.9
384.7
12.2
3.1

276.6
256.5
20.1
7.3

278.3
259.0
19.3
6.9

279.1
260.4
18.6
6.7

280.1
261.8
18.3
6.5

281.5
263.7
17.9
6.3

283.1
265.8
17.3
6.1

283.6
266.8
16.8
5.9

285.0
268.2
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.6
16.8
5.9

284.7
268.2
16.5
5.8

284.9
268.0
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.3
17.1
6.0

280.0
263.2
16.7
6.0

7,271.8
6,978.2
293.6
4.0

7,282.4
6,993.2
289.2
4.0

7,290.6
7,003.7
286.8
3.9

7,306.8
7,020.5
286.3
3.9

7,319.3
7,035.2
284.0
3.9

7,339.0
7,058.7
280.3
3.8

7,359.7
7,085.4
274.3
3.7

7,381.2
7,104.5
276.6
3.7

7,406.6
7,127.4
279.1
3.8

7,446.6
7,162.0
284.6
3.8

7,483.6
7,193.4
290.2
3.9

7,508.2
7,221.2
287.1
3.8

7,539.4
7,260.7
278.7
3.7

May

June

2,133.4
2,029.5
103.9
4.9

2,130.4
2,026.9
103.4
4.9

2,134.4
2,030.1
104.3
4.9

314.5
293.9
20.6
6.6

314.6
293.8
20.8
6.6

314.8
293.5
21.3
6.8

2,328.7
2,225.4
103.4
4.4

2,335.7
2,230.8
104.9
4.5

2,352.3
2,244.3
108.0
4.6

1,207.5
1,147.7
59.8
4.9

1,207.2
1,149.6
57.6
4.8

1,207.1
1,151.6
55.5
4.6

16,440.1
15,520.8
919.3
5.6

16,466.2
15,553.9
912.3
5.5

2,245.0
2,172.7
72.3
3.2

Apr.

July

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed . .
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




125

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Aug.

Sept.

4,090.9
3,927.1
163.8
4.0

4,096.8
3,934.1
162.7
4.0

4,104.1
3,944.2
159.9
3.9

593.3
559.8
33.5
5.6

593.8
561.3
32.4
5.5

594.5
562.3
32.2
5.4

651.8
616.0
35.8
5.5

652.8
617.3
35.6
5.4

654.7
620.0
34.7
5.3

6,368.4
6,101.4
266.9
4.2

6,383.3
6,103.5
279.9
4.4

6,401.7
6,118.9
282.7
4.4

3,066.2
2,975.6
90.6
3.0

3,067.6
2,975.8
91.8
30

3,070.2
2,974.3
96.0
3.1

1,567.4
1,525.1
42.3
2.7

1,567.0
1,524.9
42.1
2.7

1,569.2
1,529.0
40.2
2.6

1,424.9
1,381.3
43.6
3.1

1,426.1
1,383.4
42.8
3.0

1,427.1
1,385.1
41.9
2.9

1,951.7
1,860.2
91.6
4.7

1,957.9
1,866.9
91.1
47

2,058.6
1,940.0
118.5
5.8

658.5
631.3
27.2
4.1

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

4,109.7
3,955.3
154.5
3.8

4,110.2
3,962.2
148.1
3.6

4,118.8
3,970.4
148.3
3.6

4,118.6
3,970.5
148.0
3.6

596.3
564.6
31.7
5.3

597.8
566.0
31.8
5.3

598.9
567.6
31.3
5.2

599.5
568.8
30.7
5.1

602.4
573.0
29.4
4.9

656.0
622.0
34.0
5.2

656.4
623.8
32.6
5.0

658.6
626.7
31.9
4.8

660.1
629.8
30.3
4.6

662.8
633.6
29.1
4.4

661.9
633.1
28.8
4.4

6,422.8
6,137.2
285.6
4.4

6,409.9
6,126.0
283.9
4.4

6,412.9
6,135.4
277.5
4.3

6,413.1
6,138.9
274.2
4.3

6,411.4
6,140.8
270.6
4.2

6,409.8
6,139.5
270.3
4.2

6,419.3
6,158.4
260.8
4.1

3,071.2
2,977.0
94.2
31

3,070.7
2,981.5
89.2
2.9

3,076.7
2,983.8
92.9
3.0

3,074.9
2,982.1
92.8
3.0

3,090.3
2,998.5
91.8
3.0

3,098.1
3,005.7
92.3
3.0

3,104.5
3,014.3
90.3
2.9

3,113.5
3,019.9
93.5
3.0

1,568.9
1,528.1
40.8
2.6

1,573.2
1,532.9
40.4
2.6

1,574.9
1,534.4
40.4
2.6

1,576.4
1,536.3
40.1
2.5

1,575.9
1,537.6
38.3
2.4

1,578.1
1,541.4
36.7
2.3

1,578.9
1,544.1
34.8
2.2

1,585.5
1,550.9
34.6
2.2

1,583.2
1,545.8
37.3
2.4

1,428.0
1,386.6
41.4
2.9

1,428.9
1,387.7
41.2
2.9

1,429.5
1,390.0
39.5
2.8

1,435.5
1,394.6
40.9
2.8

1,435.7
1,393.9
41.8
2.9

1,438.6
1,395.3
43.3
3.0

1,442.4
1,398.7
43.7
3.0

1,445.3
1,399.8
45.5
3.1

1,448.4
1,401.4
47.0
3.2

1,451.4
1,407.3
44.1
3.0

1,960.7
1,868.9
91.8
4.7

1,967.5
1,876.0
91.5
4.7

1,971.7
1,879.9
91.8
4.7

1,976.4
1,883.9
92.5
4.7

1,972.9
1,884.9
88.0
4.5

1,973.8
1,886.7
87.0
4.4

1,975.8
1,889.8
86.0
4.4

1,978.4
1,893.3
85.1
4.3

1,975.8
1,895.3
80.5
4.1

1,972.5
1,895.6
76.9
3.9

1,981.0
1,906.8
74.2
3.7

2,058.1
1,940.4
117.7
5.7

2,052.1
1,938.9
113.2
5.5

2,050.3
1,940.4
109.9
5.4

2,041.4
1,938.5
103.0
5.0

2,044.7
1,943.2
101.4
5.0

2,049.8
1,948.2
101.6
5.0

2,050.3
1,949.4
100.9
4.9

2,054.5
1,953.1
101.4
4.9

2,056.8
1,957.3
99.5
4.8

2,056.1
1,963.3
92.9
4.5

2,046.4
1,959.3
87.1
4.3

2,044.9
1,949.9
95.0
4.6

661.1
633.3
27.8
4.2

663.3
635.2
28.1
4.2

665.5
637.4
28.2
4.2

668.5
638.5
29.9
4.5

671.0
641.0
29.9
4.5

671.2
644.3
27.0
4.0

673.6
645.9
27.7
4.1

678.3
650.8
27.5
4.1

680.9
654.5
26.4
3.9

683.7
658.3
25.5
3.7

686.9
661.8
25.1
3.7

692.6
667.8
24.8
3.6

Feb.

Mar.

4,054.9
3,886.2
168.7
4.2

4,061.9
3,891.6
170.2
4.2

4,060.3
3,889.4
170.9
4.2

592.9
556.3
36.6
6.2

591.8
556.0
35.8
6.1

652.1
617.4
34.7
5.3

May

June

4,076.3
3,907.9
168.4
4.1

4,082.7
3,915.5
167.2
4.1

4,088.2
3,920.1
168.1
4.1

592.4
557.0
35.4
6.0

593.0
558.5
34.6
5.8

593.3
559.4
33.9
5.7

653.1
616.9
36.2
5.5

652.7
616.4
36.3
5.6

651.7
615.9
35.9
5.5

6,312.2
6,045.5
266.7
4.2

6,330.1
6,066.2
263.9
4.2

6,346.2
6,085.2
261.0
4.1

3,067.8
2,968.1
99.7
32

3,071.9
2,977.8
94.1
3.1

1,572.3
1,525.3
47.0
3.0

Apr.

July

Oct.

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




126

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.P

2,753.1
2,656.7
96.4
3.5

2,758.6
2,663.5
95.1
3.4

2,780.4
2,686.4
94.0
3.4

2,794.4
2,700.5
93.9
3.4

2,805.4
2,714.1
91.4
3.3

2,817.8
2,726.6
91.2
3.2

2,828.4
2,741.4
87.0
3.1

3,273.5
3,169.0
104.6
3.2

3,279.8
3,173.9
106.0
3.2

3,281.8
3,175.3
106.5
3.2

3,285.1
3,179.5
105.5
3.2

3,292.2
3,184.7
107.5
3.3

3,293.3
3,186.3
107.1
3.3

3,293.7
3,188.1
105.7
3.2

3,298.3
3,202.0
96.3
2.9

5,151.0
4,953.8
197.2
3.8

5,158.2
4,963.0
195.3
3.8

5,164.4
4,972.4
192.0
3.7

5,144.3
4,957.5
186.8
3.6

5,137.4
4,950.3
187.2
3.6

5,130.5
4,940.6
189.9
3.7

5,116.0
4,928.8
187.3
3.7

5,092.3
4,909.7
182.6
3.6

5,099.8
4,937.0
162.8
3.2

2,678.2
2,606.2
72.1
2.7

2,683.3
2,604.4
78.8
2.9

2,691.4
2,610.2
81.3
3.0

2,699.7
2,619.1
80.6
3.0

2,701.9
2,623.9
78.0
2.9

2,708.8
2,633.5
75.3
2.8

2,717.8
2,645.4
72.4
2.7

2,727.7
2,657.8
69.9
2.6

2,739.0
2,671.8
67.3
2.5

2,745.8
2,676.5
69.2
2.5

1,256.7
1,191.9
64.9
5.2

1,257.7
1,193.3
64.5
5.1

1,259.3
1,194.1
65.3
5.2

1,263.4
1,198.6
64.8
5.1

1,268.4
1,204.6
63.8
5.0

1,269.9
1,206.5
63.4
5.0

1,277.9
1,212.8
65.2
5.1

1,285.4
1,219.4
66.1
5.1

1,291.3
1,226.5
64.8
5.0

1,300.0
1,233.7
66.3
5.1

1,305.1
1,238.4
66.8
5.1

2,815.6
2,715.7
99.9
3.5

2,816.0
2,714.8
101.2
3.6

2,823.0
2,720.4
102.6
3.6

2,826.1
2,722.1
104.0
3.7

2,836.2
2,729.9
106.3
3.7

2,840.1
2,740.8
99.3
3.5

2,841.2
2,745.5
95.7
3.4

2,862.0
2,770.5
91.5
3.2

2,881.3
2,796.8
84.5
2.9

2,895.5
2,811.5
84.0
2.9

2,916.0
2,832.9
83.1
2.8

2,917.2
2,849.6
67.6
2.3

471.4
445.5
25.9
5.5

472.1
445.9
26.1
5.5

472.8
447.2
25.5
5.4

473.3
448.2
25.1
5.3

473.2
448.2
25.0
5.3

473.2
448.6
24.6
5.2

474.9
450.5
24.5
5.1

473.8
449.4
24.5
5.2

473.7
449.4
24.3
5.1

475.7
451.8
23.8
5.0

476.5
453.2
23.3
4.9

477.4
454.4
23.0
4.8

478.4
455.1
23.3
4.9

905.5
878.2
27.2
3.0

902.2
875.7
26.4
2.9

900.4
873.5
26.9
3.0

900.1
873.4
26.7
3.0

900.1
873.1
27.0
3.0

903.0
876.8
26.2
2.9

906.8
880.8
26.0
2.9

910.6
884.6
25.9
2.8

915.9
890.3
25.6
2.8

922.0
896.6
25.4
2.8

929.2
904.2
25.0
2.7

937.4
913.1
24.3
2.6

937.3
915.1
22.2
2.4

924.7
886.1
38.6
4.2

926.3
886.8
39.5
4.3

927.8
888.2
39.6
4.3

931.9
890.0
41.8
4.5

935.2
892.2
43.1
4.6

938.8
894.6
44.2
4.7

941.9
897.8
44.2
4.7

945.7
901.6
44.1
4.7

949.5
905.8
43.7
4.6

954.9
912.2
42.7
4.5

958.6
917.2
41.4
4.3

963.8
924.3
39.5
4.1

961.9
923.1
38.8
4.0

656.9
636.9
20.0
3.1

658.9
638.8
20.1
3.1

659.6
640.1
19.5
3.0

662.2
643.8
18.4
2.8

662.7
644.2
18.4
2.8

665.1
646.7
18.4
2.8

666.2
648.6
17.6
2.6

666.8
649.5
17.3
2.6

668.5
651.7
16.9
2.5

672.1
655.0
17.1
2.5

674.8
658.0
16.8
2.5

677.3
661.1
16.2
2.4

682.5
664.9
17.6
2.6

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2,737.3
2,633.0
104.4
3.8

2,742.0
2,638.2
103.8
3.8

2,742.5
2,638.9
103.6
3.8

3,264.6
3,160.6
104.0
3.2

3,262.9
3,161.7
101.2
3.1

5,111.3
4,908.3
203.0
4.0

May

June

2,750.3
2,648.1
102.2
3.7

2,751.4
2,650.9
100.5
3.7

2,753.9
2,655.8
98.1
3.6

3,263.7
3,162.0
101.7
3.1

3,272.2
3,170.4
101.8
3.1

3,270.6
3,165.3
105.3
3.2

5,131.3
4,926.4
204.9
4.0

5,146.2
4,943.2
203.0
3.9

5,151.4
4,953.7
197.7
3.8

2,681.0
2,604.5
76.5
2.9

2,676.6
2,599.8
76.8
2.9

2,676.4
2,600.0
76.4
2.9

1,256.5
1,191.3
65.2
5.2

1,252.1
1,190.5
61.6
4.9

2,815.4
2,716.2
99.2
3.5

Apr.

July

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
. .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

4,167.3
3,977.2
190.1
4.6

4,173.1
3,985.1
188.0
4.5

4,184.8
3,988.7
196.1
4.7

808.6
763.0
45.6
5.6

805.4
759.2
46.2
5.7

8,878.6
8,402.3
476.3
5.4

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

4,191.8
3,997.5
194.3
4.6

4,201.4
4,000.0
201.3
4.8

4,207.3
4,005.3
202.0
4.8

4,217.1
4,017.8
199.3
4.7

4,220.2
4,022.2
198.0
4.7

4,218.1
4,023.3
194.8
4.6

4,229.8
4,039.4
190.4
4.5

4,233.5
4,048.6
184.9
4.4

4,236.4
4,056.9
179.5
4.2

4,221.3
4,056.7
164.6
3.9

803.0
757.8
45.2
5.6

801.9
757.1
44.8
5.6

801.0
756.1
44.9
5.6

801.8
757.5
44.3
5.5

802.4
758.6
43.8
5.5

807.2
762.6
44.6
5.5

812.2
766.8
45.4
5.6

816.8
770.8
46.0
5.6

824.2
777.2
47.0
5.7

831.9
783.6
48.3
5.8

832.8
788.6
44.2
5.3

8,869.5
8,396.0
473.5
5.3

8,846.0
8,385.0
461.0
5.2

8,865.4
8,406.8
458.6
5.2

8,856.8
8,392.0
464.8
5.2

8,865.7
8,398.6
467.1
5.3

8,881.5
8,422.3
459.2
5.2

8,885.3
8,424.9
460.4
5.2

8,891.8
8,429.5
462.3
5.2

8,906.9
8,455.3
451.7
5.1

8,918.7
8,477.3
441.4
4.9

8,929.7
8,497.5
432.2
4.8

8,971.7
8,533.9
437.8
4.9

3,833.1
3,712.0
121.0
3.2

3,844.1
3,724.4
119.7
3.1

3,854.4
3,733.2
121.2
3.1

3,858.2
3,741.5
116.7
3.0

3,864.3
3,743.6
120.7
3.1

3,863.8
3,744.7
119.1
3.1

3,882.9
3,761.5
121.4
3.1

3,888.6
3,764.5
124.1
3.2

3,891.0
3,766.0
125.1
3.2

3,901.4
3,774.9
126.6
3.2

3,904.9
3,779.1
125.8
3.2

3,905.1
3,781.2
124.0
3.2

3,910.2
3,786.0
124.3
3.2

339.7
327.2
12.5
3.7

338.0
325.5
12.5
3.7

336.6
324.2
12.4
3.7

335.6
324.0
11.7
3.5

335.2
323.4
11.8
3.5

334.4
323.3
11.1
3.3

335.2
323.3
11.9
3.6

335.1
324.1
11.0
3.3

336.3
325.4
10.9
3.2

337.2
326.3
10.9
3.2

338.3
328.1
10.2
3.0

339.3
329.6
9.7
2.9

340.9
330.0
10.9
3.2

5,662.8
5,423.4
239.4
4.2

5,686.6
5,445.4
241.2
4.2

5,689.6
5,448.2
241.4
4.2

5,714.0
5,468.2
245.8
4.3

5,711.3
5,464.5
246.9
4.3

5,734.7
5,476.6
258.1
4.5

5,753.4
5,498.3
255.1
4.4

5,761.9
5,509.7
252.2
4.4

5,786.0
5,536.5
249.6
4.3

5,803.0
5,559.1
243.9
4.2

5,825.1
5,587.4
237.6
4.1

5,855.1
5,617.5
237.6
4.1

5,868.0
5,635.4
232.6
4.0

1,634.4
1,570.1
64.4
3.9

1,638.4
1,575.4
63.1
3.8

1,640.4
1,578.8
61.6
3.8

1,642.2
1,582.7
59.5
3.6

1,644.5
1,587.5
57.0
3.5

1,647.8
1,592.5
55.3
3.4

1,649.0
1,595.8
53.2
3.2

1,651.2
1,597.8
53.4
3.2

1,652.6
1,599.7
52.9
3.2

1,655.2
1,602.5
52.7
3.2

1,656.6
1,603.5
53.1
3.2

1,658.4
1,604.3
54.1
3.3

1,652.8
1,607.7
45.1
2.7

1,754.6
1,649.9
104.7
6.0

1,757.7
1,651.5
106.3
6.0

1,755.3
1,650.0
105.4
6.0

1,745.7
1,645.0
100.7
5.8

1,747.2
1,645.2
102.1
5.8

1,750.8
1,647.2
103.6
5.9

1,757.1
1,655.6
101.5
5.8

1,753.5
1,651.8
101.7
5.8

1,746.6
1,647.4
99.3
5.7

1,767.1
1,670.8
96.2
5.4

1,788.3
1,695.6
92.7
5.2

1,800.7
1,710.6
90.2
5.0

1,802.4
1,717.6
84.8
4.7

5,948.6
5,678.7
269.9
4.5

5,957.9
5,692.1
265.8
4.5

5,965.7
5,698.2
267.5
4.5

5,966.9
5,704.1
262.8
4.4

5,970.1
5,707.6
262.5
4.4

5,976.6
5,710.9
265.7
4.4

5,976.2
5,712.4
263.8
4.4

5,979.8
5,712.0
267.7
4.5

5,973.0
5,711.8
261.2
4.4

5,973.8
5,716.3
257.5
4.3

5,971.3
5,717.9
253.4
4.2

5,969.1
5,719.6
249.5
4.2

5,996.3
5,757.6
238.7
4.0

498.3
475.0
23.3
4.7

498.5
476.9
21.5
4.3

500.6
480.3
20.2
4.0

503.2
483.1
20.1
4.0

503.2
481.8
21.4
4.2

504.0
482.4
21.5
4.3

505.7
484.2
21.4
4.2

506.4
485.1
21.3
4.2

505.1
484.5
20.6
4.1

505.8
485.6
20.2
4.0

507.1
487.3
19.8
3.9

507.1
487.8
19.3
3.8

504.8
485.6
19.1
3.8

1,956.3
1,871.2
85.0
4.3

1,954.4
1,868.1
86.3
4.4

1,948.6
1,862.9
85.7
4.4

1,953.2
1,864.9
88.3
4.5

1,954.5
1,865.2
89.3
4.6

1,951.6
1,864.7
86.9
4.5

1,954.5
1,868.9
85.6
4.4

1,960.0
1,872.5
87.5
4.5

1,965.5
1,875.5
90.1
4.6

1,974.1
1,883.1
91.0
4.6

1,980.8
1,890.8
90.0
4.5

1,989.8
1,902.5
87.4
4.4

1,985.9
1,900.3
85.6
4.3

Apr.

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
....
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

398.6
386.2
12.5
3.1

398.6
386.1
12.5
3.1

398.7
386.3
12.4
3.1

398.9
386.8
12.1
3.0

399.2
387.1
12.1
3.0

399.1
387.2
11.8
3.0

399.4
387.6
11.8
2.9

399.7
388.0
11.7
2.9

399.8
388.6
11.2
2.8

401.2
390.1
11.1
2.8

401.4
390.9
10.5
2.6

402.0
392.0
10.0
2.5

402.1
392.7
9.4
2.3

2,803.5
2,684.8
118.7
4.2

2,812.8
2,692.7
120.1
4.3

2,815.4
2,696.5
118.9
4.2

2,814.8
2,699.3
115.5
4.1

2,816.4
2,701.3
115.1
4.1

2,821.2
2,705.8
115.4
4.1

2,828.7
2,713.6
115.1
4.1

2,824.2
2,711.0
113.2
4.0

2,821.8
2,711.4
110.4
3.9

2,826.2
2,716.7
109.5
3.9

2,822.6
2,715.8
106.8
3.8

2,818.2
2,715.3
102.9
3.7

2,828.9
2,730.8
98.1
3.5

10,143.7
9,672.9
470.8
4.6

10,150.8
9,680.2
470.6
4.6

10,162.7
9,694.4
468.3
4.6

10,157.0
9,685.0
472.0
4.6

10,161.0
9,684.6
476.4
4.7

10,188.3
9,704.4
483.9
4.7

10,183.1
9,716.7
466.3
4.6

10,201.0
9,736.5
464.5
4.6

10,233.1
9,764.1
469.0
4.6

10,262.7
9,791.6
471.1
4.6

10,294.6
9,822.8
471.8
4.6

10,331.2
9,857.2
474.0
4.6

10,368.2
9,919.6
448.6
4.3

1,071.4
1,027.3
44.1
4.1

1,073.2
1,029.6
43.7
4.1

1,075.8
1,031.8
44.0
4.1

1,078.2
1,035.0
43.2
4.0

1,079.5
1,036.0
43.5
4.0

1,081.8
1,039.3
42.5
3.9

1,084.5
1,042.9
41.7
3.8

1,085.7
1,045.9
39.8
3.7

1,088.7
1,050.4
38.3
3.5

1,091.8
1,055.4
36.3
3.3

1,094.4
1,060.5
33.9
3.1

1,098.2
1,065.7
32.6
3.0

1,102.5
1,071.7
30.8
2.8

332.7
321.9
10.9
3.3

333.5
322.5
11.0
3.3

334.3
323.6
10.7
3.2

333.8
324.4
9.4
2.8

334.5
324.5
9.9
3.0

335.2
324.9
10.3
3.1

336.7
326.0
10.7
3.2

336.7
326.5
10.1
3.0

336.4
326.2
10.2
3.0

337.3
327.4
9.9
2.9

338.3
329.0
9.4
2.8

339.3
330.1
9.3
2.7

340.9
331.6
9.3
2.7

3,477.9
3,384.8
93.0
2.7

3,476.3
3,383.3
93.1
2.7

3,478.3
3,382.7
95.6
2.7

3,481.9
3,388.0
94.0
2.7

3,489.1
3,390.7
98.4
2.8

3,499.1
3,399.5
99.7
2.8

3,507.3
3,409.2
98.1
2.8

3,523.9
3,424.1
99.8
2.8

3,545.6
3,444.5
101.1
2.9

3,568.4
3,467.5
100.8
2.8

3,593.7
3,492.7
101.0
2.8

3,620.6
3,520.4
100.2
2.8

3,628.3
3,535.6
92.7
2.6

3,068.0
2,917.7
150.3
4.9

3,073.6
2,920.5
153.1
5.0

3,073.5
2,924.9
148.6
4.8

3,074.4
2,925.5
148.9
4.8

3,079.9
2,926.5
153.4
5.0

3,082.7
2,928.7
154.0
5.0

3,083.2
2,936.0
147.3
4.8

3,081.5
2,936.2
145.4
4.7

3,076.6
2,933.9
142.7
4.6

3,075.1
2,937.6
137.5
4.5

3,071.9
2,940.1
131.8
4.3

3,070.0
2,938.5
131.4
4.3

3,073.1
2,936.0
137.1
4.5

811.4
757.1
54.3
6.7

813.2
760.7
52.4
6.4

818.8
762.4
56.4
6.9

821.8
765.4
56.3
6.9

820.8
764.7
56.1
6.8

821.1
766.1
55.0
6.7

819.7
765.9
53.9
6.6

819.7
765.4
54.3
6.6

818.0
763.9
54.1
6.6

816.6
763.5
53.1
6.5

813.2
761.9
51.3
6.3

809.8
760.2
49.6
6.1

807.1
762.2
44.9
5.6

2,888.8
2,790.5
98.3
3.4

2,871.5
2,778.7
92.8
3.2

2,862.0
2,772.0
90.0
3.1

2,857.5
2,770.7
86.8
3.0

2,855.6
2,766.5
89.1
3.1

2,858.4
2,773.8
84.6
3.0

2,869.0
2,784.4
84.6
2.9

2,879.9
2,795.5
84.4
2.9

2,894.8
2,811.5
83.3
2.9

2,923.7
2,837.5
86.1
2.9

2,953.9
2,866.0
87.9
3.0

2,987.2
2,898.5
88.6
3.0

3,002.3
2,919.6
82.7
2.8

261.0
247.7
13.3
5.1

261.2
247.9
13.3
5.1

261.6
248.5
13.1
5.0

261.5
248.7
12.8
4.9

262.0
248.6
13.5
5.1

262.4
249.2
13.2
5.0

263.0
250.2
12.8
4.9

261.8
249.1
12.7
4.8

262.4
249.9
12.5
4.8

262.7
250.3
12.4
4.7

262.8
251.0
11.8
4.5

262.6
251.0
11.6
4.4

262.4
251.7
10.7
4.1

1,326.9
1,162.1
164.8
12.4

1,318.6
1,154.7
163.9
12.4

1,318.3
1,150.4
167.9
12.7

1,311.2
1,164.0
147.2
11.2

1,308.7
1,160.0
148.8
11.4

1,300.7
1,156.0
144.7
11.1

1,281.3
1,146.7
134.6
10.5

1,292.8
1,139.9
152.9
11.8

1,289.3
1,139.3
150.0
11.6

1,292.7
1,138.1
154.6
12.0

1,286.0
1,132.1
153.8
12.0

1,296.2
1,146.9
149.3
11.5

1,305.9
1,159.2
146.7
11.2

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1 Itah

uian

Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Puerto Rico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

revised to incorporate updated population controls, reestimation of models,
benchmarking to CPS annual averages, and new seasonal adjustment factors.

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a
monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data have been




129

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian iaDor Torce

Number

State and area
Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

104.2
3.0
1.6
15.3
3.7
3.1
4.4
2.6
5.5
13.4
6.1
2.4

4.4
4.8
2.8
2.8
4.2
3.9
6.4
6.4
3.1
4.2
3.2
2.8

4.1
4.7
3.1
2.6
4.3
3.5
5.8
4.4
2.6
4.1
3.3
2.3

4.8
5.4
3.3
3.2
4.9
4.6
6.5
5.3
3.2
4.9
3.7
2.8

18.3
5.7

23.3
7.0

7.9
5.1

5.9
3.9

7.4
4.9

95.1
4.9
45.8
10.2
12.3

89.5
4.3
43.6
13.1
11.5

91.4
4.7
44.7
13.6
10.2

4.1
8.2
3.0
2.7
20.7

3.7
7.0
2.7
3.3
19.1

3.9
7.8
2.8
3.5
17.5

1,233.2
145.1
98.6
42.4
302.3
36.4

70.5
4.2
4.7
1.6
11.0
3.3

51.2
3.0
3.4
1.4
8.9
2.3

64.6
3.7
4.2
1.6
11.3
2.8

5.9
3.1
5.0
4.1
3.8
9.4

4.1
2.0
3.4
3.3
2.9
6.4

5.2
2.5
4.2
3.9
3.7
7.7

16,674.5
280.9
85.3
425.0
4,715.8
84.1
198.6
1,219.7
1,482.9
73.8
1,460.2
794.8
192.4
1,362.7
963.2
958.2
110.8
200.6
139.0
252.3
246.4
253.9
398.1
167.4
91.8
56.1

16,691.9
280.2
84.0
429.5
4,713.0
85.6
201.7
1,207.0
1,486.1
75.8
1,477.0
795.3
192.8
1,367.0
958.1
958.0
110.8
200.3
136.6
251.4
248.3
252.8
398.1
168.0
91.8
56.5

1,019.9
38.8
7.4
69.9
298.5
14.6
26.1
46.7
43.0
6.8
60.5
36.4
32.1
48.2
27.6
36.4
4.5
10.6
14.1
8.1
29.0
13.4
22.5
33.4
5.9
8.8

772.8
30.5
5.2
54.5
249.5
11.3
18.5
30.8
32.4
4.5
60.1
26.8
24.6
34.4
17.7
20.5
3.3
7.7
9.7
5.6
20.6
9.3
17.3
25.4
4.1
6.7

889.3
33.6
6.6
64.0
273.4
13.8
22.4
36.3
37.8
6.0
70.4
33.5
30.1
40.1
20.9
23.3
3.6
9.1
11.9
7.0
24.6
11.3
18.5
28.4
5.2
7.8

6.2
14.0
8.8
16.4
6.5
17.7
13.1
3.9
3.0
9.5
5.7
4.7
17.1
3.6
2.9
3.8
4.1
5.4
10.2
3.3
11.8
5.5
5.8
20.3
6.7
15.8

4.6
10.9
6.1
12.8
5.3
13.5
9.3
2.5
2.2
6.1
4.1
3.4
12.8
2.5
1.8
2.1
3.0
3.9
7.0
2.2
8.4
3.7
4.3
15.2
4.5
12.0

5.3
12.0
7.9
14.9
5.8
16.1
11.1
3.0
2.5
7.9
4.8
4.2
15.6
2.9
2.2
2.4
3.3
4.6
8.7
2.8
9.9
4.5
4.7
16.9
5.7
13.8

2,209.6
169.9
251.5
1,112.3
135.0
57.2
84.1
59.0

2,295.9
178.1
261.9
1,153.5
144.2
60.0
86.4
60.8

2,281.5
174.9
256.4
1,141.3
141.3
60.8
86.7
59.5

78.1
5.0
9.9
31.8
5.4
3.2
3.6
3.6

57.9
4.0
7.5
24.8
3.7
2.0
2.6
2.7

65.1
4.4
8.3
27.1
4.4
2.6
3.0
2.9

3.5
3.0
3.9
2.9
4.0
5.6
4.3
6.1

2.5
2.3
2.9
2.1
2.6
3.3
3.0
4.4

2.9
2.5
3.2
2.4
3.1
4.3
3.5
4.8

1,666.2
210.8
106.5
568.2
265.8
148.5
189.3
112.2

1,681.9
213.0
108.6
570.9
269.3
148.8
191.4
113.8

1,680.6
212.0
107.9
569.3
267.7
149.7
192.7
114.1

63.4
9.8
2.9
22.7
9.6
6.0
4.7
5.2

39.0
5.9
1.6
14.2
6.1
3.8
3.1
3.0

45.3
6.7
1.9
16.6
7.2
4.3
3.3
3.7

3.8
4.6
2.7
4.0
3.6
4.1
2.5
4.7

2.3
2.8
1.5
2.5
2.3
2.6
1.6
2.6

2.7
3.2
1.8
2.9
2.7
2.9
1.7
3.3

386.2
68.8
291.5

398.1
70.4
299.6

394.5
71.0
295.9

16.4
3.0
11.6

11.7
2.1
8.3

14.8
2.6
11.2

4.2
4.4
4.0

2.9
2.9
2.8

3.8
3.6
3.8

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

2,108.1
54.3
48.0
462.0
72.2
64.5
65.5
49.0
169.5
264.1
160.4
82.3

2,186.8
55.0
49.5
484.5
75.2
68.3
68.3
49.9
175.5
272.9
169.2
86.7

2,173.5
54.5
49.5
479.5
74.8
68.4
67.8
49.3
174.0
270.7
166.9
84.9

92.6
2.6
1.3
12.8
3.1
2.5
4.2
3.2
5.2
11.1
5.1
2.3

88.9
2.6
1.5
12.5
3.2
2.4
4.0
2.2
4.6
11.2
5.6
2.0

310.0
141.8

312.7
145.2

313.2
144.0

24.5
7.2

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,292.6
59.5
1,533.2
372.0
59.7

2,401.8
61.5
1,606.7
396.2
60.1

2,374.9
60.6
1,584.8
393.6
58.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,185.5
135.9
93.5
40.5
289.7
35.5

1,241.6
147.8
97.9
43.2
303.7
36.4

16,350.2
277.3
84.1
425.7
4,584.5
82.7
199.6
1,195.7
1,455.0
72.4
1,419.6
773.9
187.6
1,340.5
947.5
961.6
109.7
195.2
138.8
245.2
246.8
245.4
391.2
164.2
87.9
55.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

See footnotes at end of table.




Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
1999
Alabama
Anniston
Auburn-Opelika
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Percent of labor force

130

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor Torce

Number

State and area

Percent of labor force

Jan.
1999

Dec.

Jan.

Jan.

Dec.

Jan.

Jan.

1999

2000P

1999

1999

2000P

1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

District of Columbia
Washington

271.9
2,539.7

280.8
2,666.0

275.3
2,648.5

20.2
72.8

15.5
57.5

16.9
63.3

7.4
2.9

5.5
2.2

6.1
2.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples

7,162.3
187.2
753.1
175.7
121.9
75.3
102.2
521.0
196.5
201.8
1,026.6
92.0
96.2
843.4
63.6
166.7
46.4
262.3
144.3
1,162.2
497.0

7,497.2
192.6
783.2
183.2
128.0
80.2
107.0
548.7
203.0
209.0
1,057.0
97.4
100.8
904.5
65.1
175.6
47.7
279.1
151.8
1,229.5
518.3

7,426.2
191.3
775.1
181.9
127.8
79.2
104.9
540.8
202.6
208.7
1,046.0
96.7
99.8
891.3
65.0
175.1
47.6
277.6
148.6
1,219.9
514.3

311.5
7.1
34.7
5.0
8.8
3.0
2.5
16.6
9.0
9.7
69.1
2.9
4.2
25.9
5.8
7.0
1.8
6.7
4.4
36.2
26.1

256.8
5.4
28.6
4.3
7.9
2.9
2.1
15.5
7.8
7.4
52.3
2.8
3.5
22.3
5.2
6.3
1.2
5.0
3.4
32.5
21.0

296.2
5.9
32.8
4.9
8.4
3.4
2.4
18.5
9.1
8.1
61.2
2.8
4.1
24.4
6.3
8.0
1.6
6.6
4.2
37.7
23.8

4.3
3.8
4.6
2.9
7.2
4.0
2.5
3.2
4.6
4.8
6.7
3.2
4.4
3.1
9.1
4.2
3.9
2.6
3.1
3.1
5.3

3.4
2.8
3.6
2.4
6.1
3.6
1.9
2.8
3.8
3.5
4.9
2.9
3.4
2.5
8.1
3.6
2.6
1.8
2.2
2.6
4.0

4.0
3.1
4.2
2.7
6.6
4.3
2.3
3.4
4.5
3.9
5.8
2.9
4.1
2.7
9.7
4.5
3.4
2.4
2.8
3.1
4.6

4,004.5
57.9
73.2
2,142.5
204.3
126.7
152.9
134.9

4,133.2
56.7
74.4
2,251.1
208.1
128.2
151.8
135.3

4,067.8
52.7
68.2
2,095.8
198.5
121.3
142.5
125.9

154.1
4.5
1.8
63.7
9.9
6.6
6.9
5.4

136.8
3.2
1.5
57.8
9.0
5.8
5.5
4.2

133.1
3.2
1.4
56.9
9.2
5.9
5.2
4.2

3.8
7.8
2.4
3.0
4.9
5.2
4.5
4.0

3.3
5.6
2.0
2.6
4.3
4.5
3.6
3.1

3.3
6.0
2.1
2.7
4.6
4.8
3.7
3.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

592.9
424.3

599.6
427.1

602.2
427.0

36.5
23.1

26.2
16.6

29.3
18.5

6.2
5.4

4.4
3.9

4.9
4.3

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

645.0
225.7
39.8

660.7
234.9
41.2

654.7
231.7
41.7

42.9
10.2
2.4

30.3
7.5
2.0

37.0
9.1
2.4

6.7
4.5
6.0

4.6
3.2
4.8

5.7
3.9
5.7

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,237.7
89.5
92.5
4,160.8
186.9
58.9
51.8
182.0
196.7
106.1

6,410.3
93.8
100.3
4,299.6
190.0
60.7
52.6
188.5
201.0
108.1

6,343.9
92.4
93.8
4,231.5
189.3
59.6
52.0
187.3
199.8
107.6

303.2
2.4
2.9
184.7
10.7
3.0
3.7
8.3
10.1
4.7

259.6
2.2
2.2
166.7
6.9
2.9
2.6
7.2
8.9
3.7

296.3
2.6
2.5
184.6
10.8
3.1
3.2
8.4
10.4
4.4

4.9
2.6
3.1
4.4
5.7
5.0
7.1
4.5
5.1
4.4

4.0
2.3
2.2
3.9
3.6
4.7
4.9
3.8
4.4
3.4

4.7
2.8
2.7
4.4
5.7
5.2
6.1
4.5
5.2
4.1

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,014.1
60.2
92.9
153.8
260.3
294.2
814.1
48.9
88.4
60.5
134.1
69.7

3,094.2
61.6
97.2
159.0
264.1
300.2
840.1
51.4
92.1
63.5
134.8
68.6

3,059.4
61.2
97.0
156.3
260.0
295.1
834.3
50.7
90.8
61.2
132.6
69.2

111.0
2.0
2.4
6.0
8.9
13.1
23.1
1.6
2.4
2.7
4.4
4.0

89.1
1.2
2.3
4.6
6.9
11.8
19.3
1.2
1.7
1.8
4.2
2.9

104.7
1.4
2.6
5.3
7.9
13.0
21.9
1.3
2.2
2.3
4.9
3.5

3.7
3.3
2.6
3.9
3.4
4.5
2.8
3.3
2.7
4.5
3.3
5.7

2.9
2.0
2.4
2.9
2.6
3.9
2.3
2.3
1.9
2.9
3.1
4.3

3.4
2.3
2.6
3.4
3.0
4.4
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.7
3.7
5.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,559.8
112.2
254.2
48.3
67.0
63.6
68.6

1,580.3
113.1
253.4
48.6
68.4
64.5
68.0

1,568.4
113.8
254.1
48.5
68.6
64.5
67.2

60.1
2.9
6.4
2.1
1.6
2.2
5.5

34.5
1.8
4.2
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.8

47.9
2.5
5.8
1.7
1.4
1.9
2.4

3.9
2.6
2.5
4.4
2.4
3.5
8.1

2.2
1.6
1.6
2.2
1.5
2.2
2.7

3.1
2.2
2.3
3.4
2.0
2.9
3.6

Ocala
Orlando
Panama City

Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton

Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




131

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor Torce

Number

State and area
Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Percent of labor force
Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

52.1
2.0
3.6
12.1

3.6
3.8
4.2
3.3

3.0
2.9
3.4
3.6

3.6
3.6
4.0
4.1

70.5
4.3
16.0
2.0

84.7
5.2
18.1
2.4

5.4
2.4
3.5
5.6

3.6
1.6
2.8
3.9

4.3
2.0
3.2
4.8

134.8
3.7
14.8
5.1
12.2
5.8
4.0
31.7
11.9

76.4
2.1
9.2
2.5
7.0
3.2
2.0
20.6
6.5

111.0
3.1
13.1
4.0
10.0
4.9
2.8
29.0
9.2

6.6
6.1
5.0
5.5
7.0
6.4
5.7
5.2
6.5

3.8
3.5
3.0
2.7
4.0
3.5
2.9
3.4
3.6

5.5
5.1
4.3
4.5
5.8
5.4
4.0
4.8
5.1

679.0
51.9
54.8
140.3

34.4
1.8
2.6
3.3

23.6
1.3
1.6
2.5

31.9
1.7
2.1
3.3

5.3
3.7
5.0
2.5

3.5
2.3
2.8
1.9

4.7
3.3
3.9
2.4

2,801.1
1,311.9
45.4
69.0

2,797.1
1,313.0
45.3
69.5

114.9
58.3
4.9
3.4

78.7
40.6
2.8
1.6

97.3
50.2
3.8
2.3

4.2
4.6
10.8
5.1

2.8
3.1
6.2
2.4

3.5
3.8
8.3
3.3

3,240.2
68.5
1,802.7
131.2
67.9
200.6
167.8
80.7
38.9
278.1
251.3

3,293.3
72.8
1,831.2
134.7
67.7
205.5
170.4
80.6
39.7
287.4
253.0

3,272.9
71.1
1,821.5
133.2
67.5
206.0
170.3
81.8
39.3
281.8
252.1

126.8
4.6
55.3
5.4
3.3
10.1
6.5
6.7
2.1
12.9
9.5

94.9
3.2
44.3
4.1
2.5
7.9
4.9
4.1
1.5
9.1
7.0

119.0
4.3
53.8
5.2
3.0
9.0
6.0
5.8
1.9
11.6
9.0

3.9
6.7
3.1
4.1
4.9
5.1
3.9
8.4
5.3
4.7
3.8

2.9
4.4
2.4
3.0
3.7
3.8
2.9
5.1
3.8
3.2
2.8

3.6
6.0
3.0
3.9
4.5
4.4
3.5
7.1
4.9
4.1
3.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,048.5
303.4
82.9
2,265.0
200.6
599.8
76.9
234.5
239.9
200.5

5,080.4
307.2
83.7
2,277.6
191.8
610.8
77.2
235.5
247.6
200.6

5,034.7
303.6
83.4
2,257.8
190.5
604.2
76.8
233.3
239.5
200.0

241.0
9.2
4.3
95.0
12.1
23.1
3.4
9.7
7.9
10.9

161.7
5.3
2.8
62.3
8.9
16.6
2.2
7.4
5.9
7.0

201.4
7.0
3.5
75.8
10.3
20.4
2.8
9.2
7.0
9.3

4.8
3.0
5.2
4.2
6.0
3.8
4.5
4.1
3.3
5.5

3.2
1.7
3.4
2.7
4.6
2.7
2.9
3.1
2.4
3.5

4.0
2.3
4.2
3.4
5.4
3.4
3.6
3.9
2.9
4.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,641.7
121.3
1,654.6
70.5
95.1

2,718.7
126.2
1,728.9
72.2
95.3

2,706.1
124.9
1,708.8
73.3
98.2

96.0
6.4
42.1
1.6
4.3

58.7
3.7
27.9
1.2
2.2

88.7
5.5
39.0
1.8
3.7

3.6
5.2
2.5
2.3
4.6

2.2
3.0
1.6
1.7
2.3

3.3
4.4
2.3
2.5
3.8

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,246.9
165.8
50.0
218.4

1,305.3
178.2
52.1
232.2

1,295.4
176.5
51.5
227.0

72.0
6.1
1.7
7.8

57.8
6.4
1.6
6.4

73.5
8.2
2.1
7.8

5.8
3.7
3.3
3.6

4.4
3.6
3.1
2.7

5.7
4.6
4.1
3.4

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,779.9
79.2
80.3
965.5
48.4
1,294.0
160.9

2,912.4
83.9
84.7
993.5
52.1
1,344.5
172.1

2,881.4
80.8
83.8
1,001.1
51.6
1,330.5
171.0

113.3
1.2
2.5
31.1
2.0
53.0
4.8

78.1
0.7
2.1
25.0
1.4
40.1
3.2

81.4
0.8
2.0
26.7
1.5
39.8
3.3

4.1
1.5
3.2
3.2
4.2
4.1
3.0

2.7
0.9
2.5
2.5
2.7
3.0
1.9

2.8
1.0
2.4
2.7
2.9
3.0
1.9

464.9
71.3
37.6
50.4

472.1
73.3
38.1
53.1

471.9
72.5
37.2
53.8

30.9
3.2
2.5
2.6

25.1
2.9
1.9
2.1

28.3
3.4
2.2
2.4

6.6
4.4
6.7
5.2

5.3
4.0
4.9
4.0

6.0
4.7
5.9
4.4

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,412.6
54.1
89.6
287.0

1,446.1
57.2
90.9
292.6

1,438.2
55.7
90.1
293.5

51.6
2.1
3.7
9.6

43.4
1.6
3.1
10.5

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,922.2
252.8
544.9
49.2

1,970.0
265.5
566.3
50.6

1,948.9
259.0
559.8
50.4

104.6
6.0
19.0
2.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,032.0
60.4
295.0
92.3
174.4
90.8
69.9
611.5
183.0

2,023.1
61.5
306.6
90.1
173.6
91.5
71.1
608.9
182.5

2,018.3
61.5
302.9
89.1
173.3
91.4
71.2
606.7
182.3

646.5
50.0
52.1
130.9

679.7
53.8
55.8
136.1

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,706.1
1,274.0
44.8
66.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

,..

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

,

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula

See footnotes at end of table.




132

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor rorce
State and area
Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Percent of labor force

Number

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

895.0
139.4
379.8

932.5
147.9
397.6

926.8
147.2
398.9

33.2
4.1
12.5

21.6
2.9
8.2

28.2
3.8
11.2

3.7
2.9
3.3

2.3
2.0
2.1

3.0
2.6
2.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

914.8
704.2
170.3

958.4
746.7
175.9

951.8
741.7
173.6

42.2
30.1
8.3

33.8
27.2
4.6

42.3
32.3
6.4

4.6
4.3
4.9

3.5
3.6
2.6

4.4
4.4
3.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

650.6
103.8
104.6
119.8

675.3
108.0
106.1
126.0

676.2
108.1
105.7
125.3

23.1
3.2
3.6
4.0

15.7
2.2
2.5
2.3

20.6
3.0
3.2
3.2

3.5
3.1
3.5
3.3

2.3
2.0
2.4
1.8

3.1
2.8
3.0
2.6

4,127.7
167.0
670.6
280.8
628.4
502.6
1,012.2
165.4
64.7

4,233.6
166.7
688.8
283.4
652.5
516.2
1,035.0
169.5
63.6

4,181.2
165.1
677.4
277.8
641.5
507.4
1,028.8
167.1
63.8

209.7
18.5
32.7
21.4
21.1
25.3
48.3
7.5
6.6

164.0
13.6
25.7
16.5
17.5
19.1
37.9
5.4
5.0

183.7
15.6
28.6
17.7
19.4
22.4
42.0
6.1
5.5

5.1
11.1
4.9
7.6
3.4
5.0
4.8
4.6
10.2

3.9
8.1
3.7
5.8
2.7
3.7
3.7
3.2
7.9

4.4
9.5
4.2
6.4
3.0
4.4
4.1
3.7
8.6

801.8
351.1
66.7
71.1

829.6
365.9
70.2
74.0

825.9
364.5
69.3
74.1

49.3
14.9
5.5
2.1

44.5
13.1
5.1
1.9

47.8
13.4
5.6
2.1

6.1
4.2
8.2
2.9

5.4
3.6
7.3
2.6

5.8
3.7
8.0
2.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,815.6
445.9
123.5
564.6
117.2
44.5
58.0
64.9
1,383.8
4,102.1
3,462.4
174.3
565.5
358.5
141.4

8,911.1
455.1
126.0
570.7
121.8
45.1
57.9
65.5
1,438.8
4,079.6
3,421.7
177.0
576.3
365.8
144.9

8,909.3
454.9
126.4
569.3
121.5
45.3
58.7
66.4
1,421.8
4,082.5
3,430.6
177.2
578.2
366.0
145.7

528.2
18.9
6.4
36.5
4.7
2.1
4.1
4.6
46.3
292.4
270.6
6.9
27.0
17.9
8.0

404.0
15.3
4.6
27.4
3.5
2.1
2.9
3.2
41.5
212.9
194.5
4.8
23.1
15.9
6.0

489.6
20.5
6.2
34.7
4.5
2.5
3.6
4.0
49.7
248.1
226.1
6.2
29.0
19.7
7.7

6.0
4.2
5.2
6.5
4.0
4.8
7.1
7.1
3.3
7.1
7.8
3.9
4.8
5.0
5.6

4.5
3.4
3.7
4.8
2.9
4.6
5.0
4.9
2.9
5.2
5.7
2.7
4.0
4.3
4.1

5.5
4.5
4.9
6.1
3.7
5.4
6.2
6.1
3.5
6.1
6.6
3.5
5.0
5.4
5.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,777.1
107.6
752.5
114.7
47.1
626.1
64.5
169.0
45.8
611.0
66.0
107.4

3,877.9
110.8
776.9
116.6
46.2
650.3
65.4
172.9
46.1
638.1
65.0
111.6

3,851.8
108.5
776.6
115.0
47.3
644.5
66.3
171.6
46.1
633.3
65.5
109.0

138.4
3.3
19.4
5.0
2.1
15.8
2.6
4.3
1.8
10.5
4.7
4.8

108.7
2.0
17.7
4.0
1.6
13.5
2.5
2.9
1.4
8.7
3.5
3.7

141.6
3.0
22.2
4.8
2.0
18.2
3.0
3.6
1.7
10.9
4.1
5.0

3.7
3.1
2.6
4.3
4.5
2.5
4.0

3.7
2.8
2.9
4.2
4.2
2.8
4.6

4.0
1.7
7.1
4.4

2.8
1.8
2.3
3.4
3.5
2.1
3.9
1.7
3.0
1.4
5.4
3.3

3.8
1.7
6.3
4.6

329.0
51.3
99.6
51.1

332.5
52.8
101.8
51.9

329.8
52.7
101.2
51.5

14.6
2.2
2.7
1.9

9.6
1.3
1.8
1.3

12.7
1.7
2.8
1.9

4.4
4.3
2.7
3.8

2.9
2.5
1.7
2.5

3.9
3.3
2.7
3.8

5,574.7
351.1
196.4
821.5
1,088.6
804.9
459.1
178.4
74.2
80.9
56.7
311.2
274.2

5,849.8
373.1
206.5
862.4
1,142.5
845.9
479.8
189.3
77.3
85.8
56.1
328.9
285.0

5,772.4
366.2
205.2
848.4
1,126.0
830.9
471.4
185.4
76.9
84.7
55.3
322.3
281.2

279.8
17.5
10.6
32.4
55.5
24.1
19.1
6.8
4.3
5.0
5.2
16.5
18.3

224.8
14.8
8.2
26.5
49.1
19.0
15.9
4.9
2.9
5.4
2.7
11.7
13.7

272.2
17.1
10.2
30.1
60.8
23.3
18.7
5.9
3.4
5.7
2.9
14.2
16.4

5.0
5.0
5.4
3.9
5.1
3.0
4.2
3.8
5.9
6.1
9.1
5.3
6.7

3.8
4.0
4.0
3.1
4.3
2.2
3.3
2.6
3.8
6.3
4.7
3.6
4.8

4.7
4.7
4.9
3.5
5.4
2.8
4.0
3.2
4.4
6.7
5.2
4.4
5.8

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




133

2.5

2.1

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian iaDor Torce

Number

State and area
Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

53.6
0.8
1.5
13.3
12.8

4.5
3.7
4.6
3.2
4.1

3.1
3.0
3.7
2.3
3.0

3.3
3.0
3.7
2.4
3.1

86.1
0.9
8.4
4.3
38.4
9.3

101.1
1.0
10.2
6.1
43.0
10.6

7.0
3.8
6.5
8.7
5.1
7.6

4.8
2.1
5.0
4.6
3.6
5.6

5.7
2.5
6.1
6.8
4.0
6.3

300.0
15.3
3.3
7.8
11.6
7.5
7.4
104.9
61.3
8.2
21.9
2.8
2.2
3.6
7.6

212.5
10.2
2.6
6.0
8.6
5.2
5.2
86.2
40.3
5.0
14.4
2.4
1.6
2.3
5.4

268.6
13.0
3.2
7.8
10.3
6.8
6.4
101.2
52.7
6.7
19.1
3.2
1.9
2.9
6.9

5.1
5.0
5.4
5.7
3.4
7.3
3.1
4.2
5.4
4.6
7.2
4.9
3.4
6.4
4.0

3.6
3.3
4.0
4.3
2.5
5.1
2.2
3.4
3.5
2.8
4.8
4.2
2.4
4.1
2.8

4.5
4.2
5.0
5.5
3.0
6.6
2.7
4.0
4.6
3.7
6.3
5.7
2.9
5.1
3.6

500.5
574.0

27.7
32.6

17.0
20.3

23.6
28.1

5.6
5.7

3.3
3.5

4.7
4.9

1,954.8
271.1
281.9
63.0
490.3
103.7
46.7

1,947.0
269.5
279.2
63.4
483.5
104.2
46.9

90.7
8.8
6.2
3.3
16.8
7.5
2.4

75.8
7.8
6.5
3.0
13.1
5.0
2.2

91.3
9.8
7.8
3.5
15.7
7.4
2.6

4.7
3.4
2.2
5.3
3.5
7.8
5.1

3.9
2.9
2.3
4.7
2.7
4.8
4.8

4.7
3.6
2.8
5.5
3.2
7.1
5.5

388.8
45.4
99.6

394.9
47.0
102.8

392.3
46.9
102.4

15.5
1.6
2.3

9.9
1.0
1.5

12.5
1.3
2.0

4.0
3.6
2.3

2.5
2.2
1.5

3.2
2.8
1.9

2,757.2
222.5
83.5
57.0
223.1
345.3
542.5
644.4

2,808.3
224.0
85.6
58.4
225.1
350.2
566.6
667.9

2,782.2
221.2
84.8
58.4
223.8
346.9
557.5
655.3

135.2

87.0

10,059.0
59.3
111.3
686.9
180.8
103.4
129.0
71.8
174.8
1,872.0
287.2
874.8
121.1
2,114.6
113.9
72.9
103.9
119.7
202.1
124.3
50.1
750.9
50.1
55.3
89.0

10,327.8
60.1
114.6
723.6
180.1
103.8
127.0
78.4
176.1
1,945.1
287.5
911.4
121.5
2,175.3
116.5
73.5
103.8
127.0
200.6
120.1
50.1
777.5
51.0
56.6
91.6

10,275.1
59.7
113.3
720.6
180.2
103.8
129.4
74.1
175.0
1,932.1
287.6
903.1
120.4
2,164.7
115.9
73.6
103.0
123.9
204.8
118.9
49.8
778.6
50.8
56.3
90.3

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,613.8
27.7
40.2
533.3
410.1

1,648.6
26.8
41.5
555.1
419.7

1,630.7
26.9
41.0
548.6
413.6

72.9
1.0
1.8
17.3
16.8

51.8
0.8
1.5
12.5
12.6

Oregon
Corvallis
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,732.5
40.8
161.7
86.7
1,034.0
163.8

1,797.8
42.2
168.8
92.9
1,076.6
165.5

1,781.1
39.6
166.4
90.6
1,068.0
167.0

120.9
1.6
10.6
7.5
52.8
12.4

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,865.1
307.1
61.7
138.5
343.2
101.9
236.4
2,474.1
1,135.1
179.7
302.9
55.8
62.6
56.2
191.0

5,961.2
311.9
63.8
139.8
344.4
101.9
243.1
2,554.5
1,149.2
182.6
303.7
58.0
65.9
56.6
192.0

5,913.1
309.1
63.1
140.6
342.2
101.9
239.9
2,528.5
1,139.3
181.6
301.6
56.2
64.0
56.3
190.5

494.2
569.5

510.1
583.0

1,917.3
260.3
274.8
62.3
486.4
96.7
46.7

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ....
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Hariingen-San Benito ....
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler

See footnotes at end of table.




Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Jan.
1999

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

Percent of labor force

134

8.6

6.0

3.1
2.3
11.5
16.4
20.5
18.7

2.2
1.7
7.4
8.7
17.2
14.3

114.4
6.8
2.6
2.0
9.3
13.2
19.9
17.7

4.9
3.9
3.7
4.0
5.1
4.8
3.8
2.9

3.1
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.3
2.5
3.0
2.1

4.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
4.2
3.8
3.6
2.7

508.3
2.4
3.6
18.1
13.8
6.7
17.5
1.3
11.6
59.6
30.3
29.3
8.1
90.8
4.4
7.4
8.0
3.5
39.3
11.4
2.6
24.7
2.8
3.7
4.3

432.6
2.1
4.1
14.4
14.5
6.6
11.5
1.2
10.8
54.9
23.3
26.1
7.0
90.1
3.8
5.1
6.5
2.9
28.0
7.8
1.6
23.9
1.9
2.8
4.2

484.4
2.3
4.3
16.2
15.5
7.6
13.6
1.3
11.5
61.8
25.6
29.6
7.4
99.2
4.1
6.2
7.1
3.2
33.3
8.2
1.8
27.7
2.1
3.1
3.6

5.1
4.1
3.3
2.6
7.6
6.5
13.6
1.8
6.6
3.2
10.5
3.3
6.7
4.3
3.9
10.2
7.7
2.9
19.5
9.2
5.2
3.3
5.6
6.6
4.8

4.2
3.5
3.6
2.0
8.1
6.4
9.1
1.5
6.1
2.8
8.1
2.9
5.8
4.1
3.2
6.9
6.3
2.3
14.0
6.5
3.3
3.1
3.7
4.9
4.6

4.7
3.9
3.8
2.3
8.6
7.3
10.5
1.8
6.6
3.2
8.9
3.3
6.1
4.6
3.5
8.5
6.9
2.6
16.2
6.9
3.7
3.6
4.1
5.5
4.0

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

State and area
Jan.
1999

Texas—Continued
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Percent of labor force
Jan.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000P

42.0
99.7
64.8

43.5
102.9
64.5

43.2
101.4
63.8

1.9
3.7
3.7

1.5
2.9
3.0

1.6
3.3
3.2

4.4
3.7
5.7

3.4
2.9
4.6

3.6
3.3
5.1

1,062.1
159.8
679.9

1,099.2
167.8
704.7

1,092.7
166.0
700.0

45.4
5.9
26.4

26.8
3.0
16.6

31.7
3.9
18.8

4.3
3.7
3.9

2.4
1.8
2.4

2.9
2.3
2.7

327.7
98.8

340.3
104.6

335.4
102.4

13.9
2.7

8.7
1.7

11.9
2.3

4.2
2.7

2.6
1.6

3.5
2.3

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,433.1
72.4

3,596.8
77.4
57.9

3,581.6
76.0
57.8

99.6
1.1
2.9

92.4
0.9

99.1
1.2
2.9

107.2
746.2

2.8
24.3

124.9

521.6
128.5

106.6
740.4
520.3

2.9
1.5
5.1
2.7
3.4
2.4
2.1

2.6
1.2
5.3
1.8
3.0
2.0
1.6

2.8
1.6
5.1
1.7
3.2
2.0
1.8

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,059.6
81.3
93.9

3,069.3
80.5
94.2

101.4
91.2
212.8
335.3
106.4

102.5
90.9
1,423.0
211.9
339.2
103.6

4.3
4.8
4.4
4.1
6.8
3.0
4.7
4.0
10.3

5.2
5.6
5.2
4.6
8.2
3.4
6.0
4.7
12.8

801.8
131.7
137.5
74.8
72.3
2,846.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

55.9
102.5

715.5
499.9

128.0

3,064.1

171.7
5.3
5.0
5.4
8.3
48.5
14.1

1.8
23.4
10.2
2.3
158.2
4.6
5.0
4.8
7.5
48.5

13.3

5.6
6.5
5.3
5.3
9.1
3.4
6.6
4.9
14.7

103.9

16.3
15.7

132.6
3.8
4.2
4.2
6.2
42.6
10.0
13.7
10.7

809.9
133.4
140.0
77.5
73.7

797.4
132.1
137.0
76.3
72.3

63.0
7.0
11.1
5.5
4.9

48.5
6.1
8.1
3.4
3.4

53.5
6.7
8.8
4.4
4.3

7.9
5.3
8.1
7.3
6.8

6.0
4.5
5.8
4.4
4.6

6.7
5.1
6.4
5.8
5.9

2,975.9
228.5
84.5

2,957.2
228.0
83.6

139.5
78.1
84.2
72.0
268.5

139.8

71.3

825.6
91.6
61.8
74.6

78.1
83.2
70.4
266.1
821.6
91.3
62.1
75.2

117.3
6.7
3.4
4.0
3.3
3.3
2.7
4.5
28.0
5.3
1.4
2.9

78.0
4.2
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.3
2.1
3.1
21.1
3.3
1.0
1.9

101.8
5.5
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.8
4.3
25.2
4.5
1.3
2.7

4.1
3.1
4.3
3.0
4.3
4.1
3.9
1.8
3.6
5.9
2.4
4.1

2.6
1.8
2.9
1.9
3.4
2.7
2.9
1.2
2.6
3.6
1.6
2.5

3.4
2.4
4.0
2.5
4.2
3.6
4.0
1.6
3.1
4.9
2.1
3.6

255.8
33.3
39.3

260.1
33.8
39.1

257.3
33.5
38.7

16.3
2.2
1.8

11.5
1.7
1.4

13.7
1.9
1.6

6.4
6.5
4.6

4.4
4.9
3.7

5.3
5.7
4.2

1,328.3
48.2
52.1
122.1

1,303.4
46.4
52.0
122.1
90.8
109.6
721.5

1,308.2
47.6
52.7
122.8
90.5
110.3
717.7

170.2
8.7
7.6
14.9

152.7

18.9
75.3

14.7
57.0

16.5
65.7

12.8
18.1
14.6
12.2
15.0
16.9
10.3

10.1
15.1
12.2

14.2

132.1
7.0
6.3
11.6
12.3

11.7
16.7
14.4
11.4
15.3
15.0
9.2

1,409.0

215.1
79.5
130.9
77.0
79.5
69.0
254.5
785.2
89.9
59.3

94.9
112.0
728.1

81.5

95.5
104.3
90.8
1,411.0

212.6
338.9

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly
household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data for all states, the District
of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City have




12.0
2.6

3.1
1.9
22.6
10.5
2.0

12.7
16.0

7.9
7.6
14.0
13.9

9.5
13.6
13.4
7.9

been revised to incorporate updated population controls, reestimation of models, and
benchmarking to CPS annual averages. Data for the remaining metropolitan areas have
been revised to reflect updated inputs and the new statewide estimates.

135

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the U.S. Census Bureau for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll
reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments
employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides
information on the work status of the population without
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
136

employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, U.S. Census
Bureau. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ
from employment counts derived by the U.S. Census Bureau
from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and
business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central
administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial
classification of establishments; and different reporting
patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences
in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of
Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.




County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

137

Household Data
A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

1

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the U.S. Census Bureau
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (I) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




138

following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the




Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
139

exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.

employed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all self-




• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
140

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.

• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.




d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must ex141

pect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October T978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.




• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the Feb142

ruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.




143

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000 and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls

years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were
not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 2000, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration and an upward revision in the number of deaths. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was lowered by about 215,000.
The labor force and employment levels were decreased by
about 125,000 and 120,000, respectively. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates and other percentages of labor
market participation were not significantly affected. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.
144

Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.

ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For
example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a
population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is
twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.

The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent C V on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-




Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
145

and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-




nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.

CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
146

Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed

68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

1

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.

1. Noninterview adjustment The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercover age. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Esti-

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs




147

mates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that the
CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for
women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races
than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sexrace-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent
that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many




148

Table 1 -B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and overCivilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

,

40
35
32

42
37
37

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

130
134
63

91
107
73

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

..,

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1 -B through 1 -H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




Monthly
level

Category

149

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families ....

terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.

calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-




Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the

150

Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 ..
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 ..
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

Hispanic
origin

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

Total

White

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1 -E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

151

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

force (x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.

table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000,

a = -0.000017962

b - 2957.13

Sx = V(-0.000017962X6,000,000)2 + (2957.13X6,000,000) = 131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1 -G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.

^ 120,000,000 -100,000,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

a = -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F andl-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.

Sx = V " ( a 0 0 0 0 9 3 6 6 2 ) ( 6 ' 1 0 ( ) ' 0 0 0 ) 2 +(4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table 1 -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

Svn

=

—

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force

sx = V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor




b-4191.84

152

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

2690.59 (33X100-33) = 1.0 percent

V 5,650,000

Characteristic

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

White1
-.000020028
Men
-.000036840
-.000033710
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .... -.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.

2529.99
(32X100-32) = 1.0 percent
V5,600,000

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p - 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.




Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
153

Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

1689.99
2690.59
2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

.002872129
.002884390
-.000245791

4640.81
4028.10
2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,

16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Self-employed
Unemployment:2

2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




154

formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a--0.000125300

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

3139.26

S x = 7(- ao00 »25300X11,600,000) 2 + (3139.26X11,600,000) = 140,000

S x = ^(-0.000125300X1l,400,000)2 + (3139.26X11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




155

Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION

graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available at http:\\stats.
bls.gov, the BLS Internet site.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or
activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected on
a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports filed by employers. For an establishment making
more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
under the industry indicated by the principal product or
activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-

sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
156

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-(100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

by members of the construction trades.

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers,
attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels
whose services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig157

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.

Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly
earnings series described above; the one difference between
the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate
this series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
158

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in
order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also usfed.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
159

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All employees

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments
for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character
of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of
continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.

160

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth
each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used
to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias
adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment
survey since the late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous
3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year.
The undercount errors were measured as the difference
between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias
adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in
and of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1988-98
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1998 is listed as 150,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1997 through March 1998. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment
which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The
difference between the total bias required and the total bias
added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark
revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the
table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As
discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal
of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published
both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows
BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry
detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data
in considerably more detail with an additional 1-month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

161

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error.
The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small
establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion
of all large establishments but also for a more substantial
number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample
to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The
sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered
total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a
lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is
used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the UI
universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each
program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very
small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade,
percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with
a range from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most
current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows
the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1988-98
(In thousands)
Benchmark
Average monthly bias
Year
1
2
Employment
Revision
Added3
Required4

Over-the-year
employment
change5

1988
1989

86,180
89,015

-310
-93

114
131

88
123

3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040
103,965

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518
85

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130
150

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173
157

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882
2,925

1

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




162

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.

of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and
earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The volume of these corrections has often been quite large and had substantial
effects on universe employment distributions at the industry levels, but effects on total nonfarm employment have
been minimal. In 1999, BLS and its State partners completed a multi-year conversion to a new refiling schedule,
which uses a random selection method to target one-third

Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, Sj 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1998
Sample coverage1
Industry

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
-

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

^sf + s^ - 2ps

If Si - S2, then:
S change

Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

124,050

304,495

42,498

34

592
5,474
18,805

2,853
24,798
51,168

212
994
8,287

36
18
44

15,925
23,106
56,653

2,071
1,072
4,469

32
16
21

21,510
72,329

1,981
8,057

27
22

2,662
4,004
8,689

100
85
68

6,497
6,742
21,724
7,269
36,862
2,662
4,702
12,721

2

3

7,566
8,140
20,447

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. Hours and earnings
estimates are derived from a sample.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




Employees

=
Total

S change

Benchmarks
(thousands)

163

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1998
benchmark revision
Level

10-year average
mean percent revision

Percent

Actual

Absolute

44

(1)

0.1

0.3

85

0.1

.1

.3

91

.4

.2

.7

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

15
0
1
14
1

2.5
0
1.1
4.1
1.0

-.2
-1.9
-.7
.3
-.4

1.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
1.6

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

15
-22
12
25

.3
-1.7
1.7
.7

-.2
-.6
.9
-.2

1.1
2.4
2.1
1.0

61

.3

.3

.7

75

.7

.4

.8

9
7
1
0
-1
12
14
4
6
-6
11
1
1
9
7

1.1
1.3
.2
0
-.4
.8
.6
1.0
.3
-.9
.6
.1
.2
1.0
1.8

.2
.5
.3
.1
.7
.4
.3
.3
.2
.4
1.0
1.2
.9
(1)
.4

1.8
1.1
.7
.7
1.1
.6
1.0
1.3
.7
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5

-14

-.2

.2

.7

-18
0
1
-6
-7
-1
6
5
3
1

-1.1
.2
-.8
-1.0
-.1
.6
3.6
.3
1.2

.2
-.2
.1
.3
.4
-.2
.1
.2
1.0
.1

.9
3.4
.9
1.4
.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.1
2.2

-47

(1)

.1

.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

41
54
-1
5
31
-6
19
0
6
-13
-13
0

.6
1.3
-.4
1.0
1.8
-3.5
1.6
0
1.3
-.6
-.9
0

-.2
-.4
-1.0
-.4
-1.6
.4
2.2
-.6
-.8
.2
.3
-.1

1.0
1.5
1.0
2.1
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.2
2.8
1.1
1.8
.7

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

-2
-25
23

(1)
-.6
.8

-.3
-.3
-.3

1.1
1.3
1.0

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

See footnotes at end of table.




164

0

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

Marct11998
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

-99
-25
-55
-29
-57
-10
-16
34
-32
77
-33

-0.5
-2.8
-2.1
-1.3
-1.7
-.4
-1.5
3.1
-3.2
1.0
-1.2

0.3
-.3
1.8
2.5
-.4
-1.2
-1.0
.9
-.8
.9
-.1

0.6
1.6
2.9
3.4
.9
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

56
34
0
8
-6
33
33
-3
5
14
11
3
8

.8
1.0
0
.5
-2.3
5.2
10.7
-.5
2.1
.6
.7
.4
.6

-.2
-.6
-1.1
-.5
-3.5
1.9
2.9
.2
-3.0
.4
.5
.3
-.4

1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
5.8
3.3
5.9
1.1
4.8
1.4
1.6
1.1
1.5

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

-2
-2
5
13
15
-23
53
34
-4
-15
-6
8
-66
-53
-12
5
-27
-7
-9
-33
12
21
-4
1
91
-54
-12
-16
-1

(1)
-.3
.3
1.0
.2
-2.5
1.7
1.2
-.3
-1.3
-1.6
1.4
-4.6
-.5
-.7
.3
-.7
-1.0
-.9
-1.4
.5
3.4
-.5
1.1
3.9
-1.7
-1.4
-1.6
-2.0

.1
1.5
.7
.9
.5
.4
1.4
1.9
.5
-1.3
-1.3
-1.6
.3
-.7
-.9
-.5
-.8
1.2
-.9
.7
-.3
-2.2
-.2
1.8
2.4
-.1
-.6
.5
1.4

.6
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.8
1.3
3.3
2.9
2.5
1.6
4.7
3.8
3.1
.8
1.5
.8
.8
2.6
1.0
2.6
1.5
5.0
1.3
2.4
3.0
1.5
1.1
3.1
2.8

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

-41
0
0
-39
-25
-14
-2
16
-18

-.2
0
0
-.8
-1.2
-.5
(1)
.2
-.3

(1)
0
0
.1
.2
.1
(1)

.3
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.2
.3
.4

1

2

Less than 0.05 percent.




165

d)
0)

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

ately following the reference month. Final revised samplebased estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March 1994March1995.

of all UI universe units for refiling in a given year. Previously, refiling procedures called for each major industry
division to be refiled every third year. The refiling schedule
refinement was made because of large benchmark revisions
and corresponding distortions in over-the-year employment
trend measurement for specific industries.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immedi-




166

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Industry

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

57,900

Total
Total private

47,800
13,900

Goods-producing

0

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

1,800
300
700
1,700
300

0
-0.1
.2
-.1
.1

0.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,100
4,100
3,300
5,000

.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.3
.3
.1

Manufacturing

9,500

0

6,400

0

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods

1,300
1,200
1,200
1,700
1,300
2,200
2,600
1,800
2,200
1,400
4,200
3,600
1,600
1,600
900

,

4,800

Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
,
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,700
500
1,200
2,700
1,100
1,700
1,700
1,000
1,400
600

Service-producing

.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.1

0
.6
0
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0

.1
1.0
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2

.1
.2
.7
.5
.2
.7
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2
.1

54,500

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

9,800
9,400
2,100
3,700
5,800
1,400
6,400
200
1,100
4,100
3,800
1,600

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

7,600
4,300
4,800

See footnotes at end of table.




.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.3
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1

167

-.1
-.3

-.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.1
0
.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

0
0
.1
.1
0
-.1

0.1
.2
.5
.6
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
.2

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies ...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

31,100
2,800
19,400
18,500
5,800
3,000
1,200
5,700
3,100
9,400
7,900

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate

6,200
3,800
2,500
2,100
1,100
1,500
1,100
1,100
1,700
2,700
2,400
1,200
2,800

0
0
-.1
-.1
-.1
0

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

28,700
2,700
6,000
5,800
12,300
2,500
10,500

0
.1
.1
-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
0
0
0
.1

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,500
8,300
7,600

10,300
2,800
2,000
1,000
6,200
9,400
5,500
2,500
1,600
3,300
2,000
1,400
12,600
9,700
4,400
1,400
600
3,200
5,100
2,300
3,400
500

11,800
9,900
4,800

16,800
14,200
11,300
2

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly
observations.




-.1

.1
0
0
.1

.1
0
0
0
0

.1
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

.1
-.1
0
0
0
-.1
.1
.1

.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
.8
.5
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.5
.3
.6
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.3
.8

0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1

.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
0

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1994 through
December 1998.

168

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMAs), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 337 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




169

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State UI
laws; and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas—New York City and
the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained using the same modeling approach as for states. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMAs, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMAs within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

170

Seasonal Adjustment

revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily
add to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll AR1MA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-l 1 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were




Establishment data
Effective in June 1996, with the release of the March 1995
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-l2 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series.
The conversion to X-l2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4- vs. 5-week
effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent
concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.

171

The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Effective with the release of the March 1997 benchmarks,
seasonally adjusted series for employment, hours, indexes
of aggregate hours, and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers from 1989 forward incorporate
refinements to the seasonal adjustment process to correct
for distortions related to the method of accounting for
the varying length of payroll periods across months—a calendar effect.
REGARIMA modeling also is used to indentify, measure,
and remove this calendar effect for the publication level seasonally adjusted hours and earnings series.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data (usually the most recent 5 years) are made
once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series
are seasonally adjusted using multiplicative models in
X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied at component
levels. For employment series, these are generally the 2digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic
aggregations for employment series and weighted averages
of the seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These




series, however, are used in the aggregation to higher level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
The standard procedure for seasonal adjustment for the
local education employment series was improved with the
1997 benchmark. In the past, the seasonal factors for this
industry were derived using the standard seasonal adjustment
procedure of a logarithmic transformation of the data as input
for the multiplicative decomposition of the series. However,
in recent years, the forecasted seasonal factors have failed to
adequately reflect the changing behavior of this industry in
the summer months. The factors for this industry are now
derived using a square-root transformation of the data as
input for an additive decomposition of the series. These
modifications produce seasonal factors that better reflect
current industry seasonal patterns. However, the annual
averages of seasonally adjusted and unadjusted series will
not be equal.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process. The special adjustment made in November each year to adjust for the effect
of poll workers in the local government employment series
also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988
forward.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1999, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1999, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1999-April 2000 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of
seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by
major industry for all States and the District of Columbia
(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly
to the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
172

ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to
regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-ll




173

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INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State, and area labor
force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages: Household data in the January
issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area establishment and labor force data in the May issue. For
additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of this publication.
Monthly
Topic

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (index)
Agricultural industries

Seasonally
adjusted

Quarterly averages

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

Not
seasonally
adjusted

46-47
B-9
A-1-3,7,11

A-15,21-22,
30,35

D-1,5,9

D-12-15

A-23-27
A-22

D-5
D-5

D-14-15

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly

A-7
A-7
B-6

Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry

A-5

A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,15a
17-18
A-16,17

A-3-4,6,8
A-4
B-3-5,7

A-14-16,18,22
A-16-17
A-21;B-12-14

D-1-2,4,6
D-2

D-12-13,16
D-12-16

Occupation
Race

A-7
A-4

A-19-21
A-14-18,20

D-5
D-2

D-14-15
D-12,14,16

Sex

A-2-4,6-8; B-4

A-14-20,22;
B-13

D-1-2,4-6

A-6

A-18,33

B-8-10

A-23-27; B-2,
15,18

A-7,11

A-26,28,34

D-5,9

A-1-3, 7

A-37
A-15,22

D-1,5

A-6

A-36
A-18

D-4

B-5,8-9,11

B-12,15-18

B-7;C-1-2

A-16
B-14,18;C-3

Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Minimum-wage workers
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

B-11
B-11

A-3-4,6,9-10

Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4

Reason

A-12
A-2-4,6,9-10

Sex
Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era




Annual
averages

A-14-16,18,28
31-32,34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30,35
A-29, A-35
A-14-18,28
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18,2832,34

D-20-22
D-3

D-4

176

35
B-2,15-17; 52; 2
B-2,15,17;
37-39,52; 2
7

D-12-16

3-6,8-9,14-15
4-7,11-13,18
B-1,12-13;
16-18; 50; 1
9-13,17
3,5,7-8,10-12,
14,17-18
B-13; 2-18

D-14-15

8,12-13,30
B-15;'i9-23,52;2

D-14-15

33-34
24,31
44-45
36
A-1-2;1-2,5-6,
12-13,15
35
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
51-52
1-5

D-1-2,7-8

D-12-13,17

D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2

D-19
D-12-13,17-19

D-10
D-1-2,7-8

D-18
D-12-13,17

D-12,17-21

D-23-24

A-38

A-1-2;1-2,5-6,
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13,15-16

3-6,8,24,27,29
33
29-32
4-7,28
26,32
25,32
3,5,7-8,24,28,
31,33
27-29
2-8,24,25-27,29
31,33-35
40-43
48-49

*U.S. Government Printing Office: 2000 — 461-100/20005