Full text of Employment and Earnings : March 1991

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
March 1991




In this issue: 1990 annual averages for national
establishment survey data

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Lynn Martin, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data

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Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.
Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
new seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212.
Specific questions concerning the data in this publication should be directed as follows: Household data,
(202) 523-1944 or 1371; national establishment data,
523-1172; State and area establishment data, 523-1227;
productivity data, 523-9261; and State and area labor
force data, 523-1002.

ISSN 0013-6840

Annual averages

June1

Revised historical national data

(2)

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1
2

The September 1990 issue introduced March 1989 benchmarks.
A historical bulletin is forthcoming.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 38 No. 3 March 1991
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, February 1991

2
4

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

6
45
81

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

9

46
62
84
108
116

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




36
58
105
113
121

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1958 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1980 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1958 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-l8.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
'
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
...".;
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
,
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted




36
37
38
40
41
41
42
43
44
44

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1940 to date
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

45
46
57
58
59
60
61

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

62

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted

81
84
102
103
104
105
106
107

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas

108

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

113
114
115

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

116

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, February 1991

Employment continued to decline in February and unemployment rose sharply. The civilian worker unemployment rate was 6.5 percent, up from 6.2 percent in January
and 5.3 percent last June.
Nonfarm payroll employment, as measured by the
survey of business establishments, fell by 185,000 in
February, as manufacturing, transportation, and retail
trade experienced particularly large job losses. Total civilian employment, as measured through the household survey, was unchanged, following a large decline in January.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons increased by
440,000 in February to a level of 8.2 million (after seasonal
adjustment), and the civilian worker unemployment rate
rose to 6.5 percent. This was the highest rate since March
1987. Since June of last year, the number of jobless
workers has climbed by 1.6 million, and the unemployment rate has risen by 1.2 percentage points. (See table
A-33.)
Adult men accounted for the upward movement in unemployment in February. Their jobless rate rose sharply,
from 5.6 to 6.3 percent, while the rates for adult women
(5.4 percent) and teenagers (17.1 percent) were little
changed. Among the race-ethnic groups, the unemployment rate for whites rose from 5.5 to 5.9 percent, while
those for blacks (11.8 percent) and Hispanics (9.5 percent)
were essentially unchanged. The jobless rates in two
male-dominated industries—construction and durable
goods manufacturing—continued to rise in February.
Over the past year, the workers in these industries experienced by far the greatest increases in unemployment. (See
tables A-33, A-34, and A-39.)
The number of unemployed persons who lost their last
jobs rose by 450,000 in February to 4.5 million. This figure has risen by 1.4 million since last July. Job losers now
comprise 55.5 percent of the unemployed, the highest proportion since October 1983. (See table A-41.)
The number of persons working part time for economic
reasons—sometimes called the underemployed or partially unemployed—increased by 550,000 to 6.1 million in
February. This figure has risen substantially from the
4.9-million level that generally prevailed throughout the
first half of 1990. (See table A-35.)




Civilian employment and the labor force
Following a decline of 650,000 in January, total civilian
employment was unchanged in February at 116.9 million,
seasonally adjusted. The percentage of the working-age
population that is employed (the employment-population
ratio) was 61.8 percent in February, down from 63.0 percent a year earlier. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force, which has shown erratic movements in recent months, increased by 440,000 in February
to 125.1 million. Over the past year, however, the civilian
labor force has grown by a modest 630,000—an increase of
only 0.5 percent. The labor force participation rate—the
proportion of the working-age population that is either
employed or actively seeking employment—was 66.1 percent in February, little different from the previous month
and 0.4 percentage point lower than a year earlier. (See
table A-33.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment decreased by 185,000 in
February to 109.6 million. The bulk of the decline
occurred in manufacturing, and there were also substantial losses in retail and wholesale trade and in transportation and public utilities. For the seventh consecutive
month, more industries had declines than increases. (See
tables B-4 and B-7.)
Manufacturing employment fell by 125,000 in
February, continuing a downward trend which started 2
years ago. Since January 1989, the number of factory jobs
has decreased by over 1 million. Manufacturing job losses
in February continued to be concentrated in durable
goods, particularly in industrial machinery, autos and
other transportation equipment, and fabricated metals.
Smaller declines occurred among industries tied to
construction—lumber and wood products and furniture
and fixtures—as well as in primary metals and electronic
equipment. In nondurable goods, small job losses took
place in textiles and rubber and plastics. The only
manufacturing industry in which there was an
over-the-month employment gain was food processing,
which has added more than 20,000 jobs in the last 8
months.
Despite relatively mild weather in February, construction employment showed only a slight rebound from the
drop of 150,000 in the prior month (seasonally adjusted).

The recent string of job losses in this industry totals about
425,000 since last May.
The service-producing sector also lost jobs in February.
Employment in retail trade fell by 70,000, after seasonal
adjustment. In transportation, there was a 35,000 cutback,
reflecting temporary layoffs and job terminations in the
airline industry and continued declines in trucking. Also,
employment declined by 25,000 in wholesale trade and
10,000 in finance, insurance, and real estate. Retail and
wholesale trade combined has lost a total of 350,000 jobs
since last summer.
The services industry, which had been growing robustly
until late last year, has shown only small employment
gains for the past 3 months. Health services has continued
to grow, but at a more moderate pace, with an increase of
30,000 jobs in February. There was a further job decline
(20,000) in business services, where reductions have
totaled 75,000 since last September.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.2
hour in February to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted, fol-




lowing a decline of 0.5 hour in January. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.2 hour from its revised
January level to 40.2 hours, and factory overtime edged
down to 3.3 hours. The manufacturing workweek and
overtime have been trending downward in recent months.
(See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers increased by 0.3 percent to 122.3
(1982= 100) in February, seasonally adjusted, as a result
of the slight increase in hours. The index for manufacturing declined by 1.2 percent to 101.0, seasonally adjusted.
Over the year, the index for manufacturing was down by
6.1 percent. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers were unchanged at $10.20,
seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased
by 0.6 percent to $349.86. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average weekly earnings were up by $1.03. Over the past
year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.3 percent and
average weekly earnings by 2.4 percent. (See tables C-l
and C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are sheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

March

April 5

June

July 5

April

May 3

July

August 2

May

June 7

August

September 6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the nonlnstltutlonal population 16 years and over, 1958 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Percent

Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1958
1959

115,574
117,117

69,486
70,157

60.1
59.9

64,883
66,418

1,847
1,788

63,036
64,630

5,586
5,565

57,450
59,065

4,602
3,740

6.6
5.3

46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
,973
,813
,774
,721
,678

106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980

1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322
188,081

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378
125,557

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2
66.8

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677
119,030

,604
,645
,668
1,676
,697
,706
,706
,737
,709

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4
5.2

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

1990

189,686

126,424

66.6

119,550

1,637

117,914

3,186

114,728

6,874

5.4

63,262

91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882

1,668
,656
,631
,597

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1990:
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

189,090
189,198
189,326
189,467
189,607
189,763
189,901
190,002
190,095
190,312
190,483

126,331
126,467
126,438
126,578
126,427
126,336
126,345
126,571
126,445
126,338
126,791

66.8
66.8
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.6
66.5
66.6
66.5
66.4
66.6

119,752
119,904
119,747
119,916
119,867
119,509
119,330
119,484
119,303
119,001
119,191

1,678
1,669
1,657
1,639
1,630
1,627
1,640
1,601
1,570
1,615
1,617

118,074
118,235
118,090
118,277
118,237
117,882
117,690
117,883
117,733
117,386
117,574

3,119
3,197
3,140
3,286
3,279
3,108
3,152
3,194
3,175
3,185
3,253

114,955
115,038
114,950
114,991
114,958
114,774
114,538
114,689
114,558
114,201
114,321

6,579
6,563
6,691
6,662
6,560
6,827
7,015
7,087
7,142
7,337
7,600

5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.8
6.0

62,759
62,731
62,888
62,889
63,180
63,427
63,556
63,431
63,650
63,974
63,692

1991:
January ....
February...

190,592
190,717

126,253
126,678

66.2
66.4

118,537
118,520

1,615
1,602

116,922
116,918

3,163
3,222

113,759
113,696

7,715
8,158

6.1
6.4

64,339
64,039

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the nonlnstltutlonal population 16 years and over by sex, 1980 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN

1980

80,877

62,932

77.8

58,665

1,479

57,186

2,709

54,477

4,267

6.8

17,945

1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404
90,283

63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474
69,360

77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6
76.8

58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820
65,835

1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547
1,520

57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

7.2
9:7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3
5.1

18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

1990

91,122

69,705

76.5

65,906

1,472

64,435

2,507

61,928

3,799

5.4

21,417

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

69,523
69,552
69,814
69,804
69,899
70,058

76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6
76.4
76.3
76.2
76.5
76.5
76.4
76.5

66,086
66,104
66,035
66,061
65,964
65,728
65,663
65,853
65,822
65,790
65,781

1,506
1,497
1,499
1,472
1,465
1,462
1,475
1,441
1,414
1,453
1,454

64,580
64,607
64,536
64,589
64,499
64,266
64,188
64,412
64,408
64,337
64,327

2,471
2,497
2,435
2,562
2,571
2,478
2,477
2,512
2,504
2,518
2,572

62,109
62,110
62,101
62,027
61,928
61,788
61,711
61,900
61,904
61,819
61,755

3,562
3,563
3,662
3,668
3,645
3,795
3,889
3,961
3,982
4,109
4,277

5.1
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.9
6.1

21,174
21,207
21,245
21,285
21,478
21,645
21,688
21,457
21,495
21,541
21,479

69,543
69,749

75.9
76.1

65,251
65,043

1,453
1,439

63,798
63,604

2,466
2,520

61,331
61,084

4,292
4,706

6.2
6.7

22,047
21,901

February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

90,822
90,874
90,942
91,014
91,087
91,168
91,240
91,271
91,299
91,440
91,537

69,648
69,667
69,697
69,729

1991:
January ....
February...

91,590
91,650

Annual averages
WOMEN

1980

88,472

45,611

51.6

42,241

124

42,117

656

41,461

3,370

7.4

42,861

1981
1982

89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924

52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6
57.5

43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858
53,195

133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162
168

43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
687

42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5
5.3

42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

57.5

53,644

165

53,479

679

52,800

3,075

5.4

41,845

19861
1987
1988
1989

94,944
96,013
96,918
97,798

46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904
56,198

1990

98,564

56,719

1983
1984
1985

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.,
October
November..,
December...
1991:
January
February

98,268
98,324
98,383
98,453
98,520
98,595
98,661
98,731
98,796
98,872
98,946

56,683
56,800
56,741
56,849
56,818
56,813
56,793
56,757
56,641
56,439
56,733

57.7
57.8
57.7
57.7
57.7
57.6
57.6
57.5
57.3
57.1
57.3

53,666
53,800
53,712
53,855
53,903
53,781
53,667
53,631
53,481
53,211
53,410

172
172
158
167
165
165
165
160
156
162
163

53,494
53,628
53,554
53,688
53,738
53,616
53,502
53,471
53,325
53,049
53,247

648
700
705
724
708
630
675
682
671
667
681

52,846
52,928
52,849
52,964
53,030
52,986
52,827
52,789
52,654
52,382
52,566

3,017
3,000
3,029
2,994
2,915
3,032
3,126
3,126
3,160
3,228
3,323

5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.9

41,585
41,524
41,642
41,604
41,702
41,782
41,868
41,974
42,155
42,433
42,213

99,002
99,067

56,710
56,929

57.3
57.5

53,287
53,477

162
163

53,125
53,314

697
703

52,428
52,611

3,423
3,452

6.0
6.1

42,292
42,138

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonal population 16 years and over, 1958 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year

and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployment rates
Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1958.
1959.

113,727
115,329

67,639
68,369

59.5
59.3

63,036
64,630

4,602
3,740

6.8
5.5

6.8
5.2

6.8
5.9

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964,
1965.
1966
1967,
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.56.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970,
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980.
1981 .
1982
1983
1984.
1985,
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

1990

188,049

124,787

66.4

117,914

6,874

5.5

5.6

5.4

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1990:
February

6,560
6,827
7,015
7,087
7,142
7,337
7,600

5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.9
6.1

5.2
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
6.2

5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.9

7,715
8,158

6.2
6.5

6.3
6.9

6.1
6.1

March
April
May
June
July
August
,
September..
October
November...
December...

187,412
187,529
187,669
187,828
187,977
188,136
188,261
188,401
188,525
188,697
188,866

124,653
124,798
124,781
124,939
124,797
124,709
124,705
124,970
124,875
124,723
125,174

66.5
66.5
66.5
66.5
66.4
66.3
66.2
66.3
66.2
66.1
66.3

118,074
118,235
118,090
118,277
118,237
117,882
117,690
117,883
117,733
117,386
117,574

6,579
6,563
6,691

1991:
January
,
February ....

188,977
189,115

124,638
125,076

66.0
66.1

116,922
116,918

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Unemployed

Civilian
nSMtincti

noninsiitutional
population

Total

189,115
13,525
6,608
6,917
17,829
106,553
42,556
20,487
22,069
38,233
20,156
18,077
25,764
14,082
11,682
21,165
10,537
10,628
30,043
10,140
8,077
11,826

Percent
of
population

Employed

124,070
6,487
2,420
4,067
13,478
88,948
35,519
17,111
18.408
32,627
17,051
15,576
20,802
11,762
9.041
11,692
7,066
4.626
3.465
2.062
851
551

65.6
48.0
36.6
58.8
75.6
83.5
83.5
83.5
83.4
85.3
84.6
86.2
80.7
83.5
77.4
55.2
67.1
43.5
11.5
20.3
10.5
4.7

115,151
5,302
1,984
3,318
11,941
83,415
32,847
15,696
17,151
30,813
15,989
14,823
19,756
11,149
8,607
11,161
6,718
4,444
3,331
1.970
826
536

8,919
1,185
436
749
1,537
5,533
2,673
1,415
1,257
1,814
1,062
753
1,046
612
434
531
348
183
133
93
25
15

7.2
18.3
18.0
18.4
11.4
6.2
7.5
8.3
6.8
5.6
6.2
4.8
5.0
5.2
4.6
4.5
4.9
3.9
3.8
4.5
3.0
2.7

90,211
6,819
3,399
3,419
8,693
52,170
20,945
10,041
10,904
18,714
9,892
8,822
12.511
6.869
5.642
9,995
5,026
4,968
12,534
4.595
3,558
4,381

67,724
3,320
1,255
2,065
7,131
48,618
19,605
9,356
10,249
17,670
9,376
8,294
11,343
6,345
4,998
6,724
4,034
2,691
1.931
1,120
493
318

75.1
48.7
36.9
60.4
82.0
93.2
93.6
93.2
94.0
94.4
94.8
94.0
90.7
92.4
88.6
67.3
80.3
54.2
15.4
24.4
13.9
7.3

62,296
2,656
999
1,656
6,154
45,268
18,006
8,538
9,468
16,587
8,746
7,841
10,675
5.969
4,706
6,365
3,779
2,585
1,853
1,063
479
311

5,427
663
256
407
977
3,350
1,599
618
781
1,083
630
453
668
376
292
359
254
105
78
57
14
7

98,904
6,706
3,209
3,497
9,136
54,383
21,611
10,446
11,165
19,519
10,264
9,255
13,253
7,213
6,040
11,171
5,511
5,660
17,509
5,545
4,519
7,445

56,346
3,167
1,165
2,002
6,347
40,331
15,914
7,755
8,159
14,957
7,675
7,282
9,460
5,417
4,043
4,968
3,032
1,936
1.533
942
358
233

57.0
47.2
36.3
57.3
69.5
74.2
73.6
74.2
73.1
76.6
74.8
78.7
71.4
75.1
66.9
44.5
55.0
34.2
8.8
17.0
7.9
3.1

52,855
2,646
985
1,661
5.787
38,147
14,841
7,158
7,683
14,226
7.243
6,983
9,081
5,181
3,901
4,797
2.938
1,858
1,478
906
346
225

3,491
521
' 180
342
560
2,183
1,073
598
476
731
432
299
379
236
142
171
94
78
55
36
11
8

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

65,045
7,038
4,188
2,850
4.351
17.605
7,037
3,376
3,661
5,606
3,105
2,502
4,961
2,320
2,641
9,473
3,471
6,002
26,579
8,078
7,226
11,275

26,075
415
94
321
1,479
11,476
4,646
2,194
2,453
3,734
2,132
1,602
3,095
1,458
1,637
4,290
1,843
2,447
8,415
2,612
2,240
3,563

9.628
6,115
3,918
2.197
2,164
1,310
891
531
361
330
218
112
89
58
30
29
23
6
10
1
5
4

3,735
23
9
14
90
1,521
383
139
244
526
242
284
612
273
339
830
409
420
1,271
322
264
685

25,607
484
167
318
618
3.297
1,116
513
604
1,016
513
503
1,165
531
634
4,325
1,196
3,129
16,883
5,143
4,717
7,023

20.0
20.4
19.7
13.7
6.9
8.2
8.7
7.6
6.1
6.7
5.5
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.3
6.3
3.9
4.0
5.1
2.9
2.2

22,487
3,499
2,145
1,355
1,562
3,553
1,340
685
655
1,045
516
528
1,168
524
644
3,270
992
2,278
10,603
3,474
3,065
4,064

515
28
5
24
40
192
59
36
23
67
27
40
66
24
42
84
45
39
170
37
51
82

4,851
3,205
2,046
1,159
1,125
506
389
270
118
98
60
38
19
11
8
12
9
3
3
_
1
2

2,109
10
3
7
58
1,039
281
106
175
359
164
194
399
191
209
488
242
247
514
174
124
216

15,012
255
91
164
339
1,816
611
272
339
521
266
256
683
298
385
2,686
697
1,989
9,916
3,264
2,889
3.763

6.2
16.5
15.4
17.1
8.8
5.4
6.7
7.7
5.8
4.9
5.6
4.1
4.0
4.4
3.5
3.5
3.1
4.0
3.6
3.8
3.2
3.4

42,558
3.539
2,044
1,495
2,789
14.052
5,697
2,691
3,006
4,562
2,588
1,973
3.793
1,796
1,997
6,203
2,478
3,724
15,976
4,603
4,161
7,211

25,560
387
90
297
1,438
11.284
4,588
2,158
2,430
3,668
2,105
1.562
3,029
1,434
1,595
4.206
1.798
2,407
8,245
2,575
2,188
3,481

4,777
2,910
1,873
1,037
1,040
804
502
260
242
232
158
74
70
47
23
17
14
3
7
1
4
1

1,626
13
6
7
32
482
102
32
69
167
77
90
213
82
131
341
168
173
758
147
140
470

10,595
229
76
154
279
1,481
505
240
265
495
247
247
482
233
249
1,639
499
1,140
6,967
1,880
1.828
3,259

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years

25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

8.cMl '

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

161,097
10,816
5,246
5,570
14,681
90,269
35,590
17,057
18,532
32,580
17,077
15,503
22,100
12,106
9,994
18,437
9,107
9,329
26,894
8,968
7,240
10,685

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

Age, sex, and race

Percent
of
population

Employed

106,656
5,636
2,130
3,506
11,403
76,208
30,125
14,481
15,644
28,054
14,594
13,460
18,028
10,183
7,846
10,301
6,214
4,087
3,109
1,852
753
504

66.2
52.1
40.6
62.9
77.7
84.4
84.6
84.9
84.4
86.1
85.5
86.8
81.6
84.1
78.5
55.9
68.2
43.8
11.6
20.6
10.4
4.7

99,698
4,737
1,785
2,952
10,273
71,854
28,082
13,377
14,705
26,597
13,740
12,857
17,175
9,691
7,485
9,835
5,906
3,929
3,000
1,777
733
490

6,958
899
345
554
1,130
4,354
2,043
1,104
939
1,458
855
603
853
492
361
466
308
158
109
75
20
14

6.5
16.0
16.2
15.8
9.9
5.7
6.8
7.6
6.0
5.2
5.9
4.5
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.5
5.0
3.9
3.5
4.0
2.6
2.9

54,441
5,181
3,116
2,065
3,278
14,061
5,464
2,576

77,462
5,459
2,687
2,772
7,213
44,754
17,740
8,470
9,269
16,175
8,508
7,667
10,839
5,954
4,884
8,788
4,381
4,407
11,248
4,097
3,175
3,976

58,837
2,916
1,124
1,793
6,046
42,120
16,799
7,989
8,810
15,412
8,144
7,267
9,909
5,539
4,370
5,993
3,602
2,391
1,762
1,029
437
296

76.0
53.4
41.8
64.7
83.8
94.1
94.7
94.3
95.0
95.3
95.7
94.8
91.4
93.0
89.5
68.2
82.2
54.2
15.7
25.1
13.8
7.4

54,509
2,394
916
1,478
5,305
39,446
15,554
7,326
8,228
14,521
7,622

4,328
522
207
315
741
2,674
1,245
663
583
891
523
368
538
301
237
322
230
92
69
51
12
6

83,635
5,357
2,559
2,798
7,468
45,516
17,850
8,587
9,263
16,404
8.568
7,836
11,261
6,151
5,110
9,649
4,727
4,922
15,645
4,871
4,065
6.709

47,819
2,719
1,006
1,713
5,357
34,088
13.326
6,492
6,834
12,643
6,450
6,193
8,120
4,644
3,476
4,308
2,611
1,696
1,347
823
316
208

57.2
50.8
39.3
61.2
71.7
74.9
74.7
75.6
73.8
77.1
75.3
79.0
72.1
75.5
68.0
44.6
55.2
34.5
8.6
16.9
7.8
3.1

45,189
2,342
868
1,474
4,968
32,408
12,528
6,050
6,478
12,076
6,118
5,958
7,804
4,453
3.352
4,164

2,630
377
138

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE

10



9,371
5,238
4,133
5,671
3,373
2,299
1,693
978
425
290

1,631
1,307
799
308
200

1,680
798
441
356
567
332
235
315
191
124
144
78
66
40
24
8
8

4,525
2,482
2,043
4,072
1,923
2,149
8,136
2,894
5,242
23,785
7,117
6,488
10,181

22,257
313
80
233
1,115
9,509
3,748
1,732
2,016
3,152
1,804
1,348
2,608
1,239
1,369
3,722
1,576
2,147
7,598
2,328
2,031
3,240

7,172
4,528
2,908
1,620
1,684
926
621
368
253
228
141
87
78
50
27
25
21
4
9
1
4
3

2,837
17
8
9
66
1,129
278
105
173
381
174
208
470
222
248
634
306
328
990
242
204
543

22,175
323
121
202
413
2,497
817
371
446
764
363
401
916
411
505
3,754
991
2,763
15,189
4,546
4,248
6,395

7.4
17.9
18.5
17.5
12.3
6.3
7.4
8.3
6.6
5.8
6.4
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
6.4
3.9
3.9
4.9
2.7
2.2

18,626
2,543
1,563
980
1,168
2,634
940
481
459
764
364
400
930
415
515
2,795
778
2,016
9,487
3,068
2,739
3,680

353
17
2
14
12
130
35
23
12
47
18
29
48
19
29
59
29
29
136
32
36
67

3,587
2,346
1,490
855
898
331
266
187
79
54
29
25
11
3
8
10
8
3
2

1,616
8
3
5
46
784
192
74
118
262
122
140
330
161
169
380
177
203
398
130
104
164

13,070
172
68
105
212
1,388
447
197
249
400
194
206
541
233
308
2,346
565
1,781
8,951
2,907
2,598
3,447

5.5
13.9
13.7
14.0
7.3
4.9
6.0
6.8
5.2
4.5
5.1
3.8
3.9
4.1
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.9
3.0
2.9
2.5
3.9

35,816
2,638
1,553
1,085
2,110
11,427
4,524
2,095
2,429
3,762
2,119
1,643
3,142
1,508
1,634
5,341
2,115
3,226
14,299
4,049
3,749
6,501

21,904
296
77
219
1,103
9,378
3,713
1,710
2,004
3,105
1,786
1.319
2,560
1,221
1.339
3,664
1,547
2,117
7,463
2,295
1,995
3,172

3,585
2,182
1,417
765
787
595
354
181
174
174
112
62
67
47
20
15
13
2
6
1
4
1

1,221
9
5
4
21
345
86
31
55
119
51
68
140
61
78
255
130
125
592
113
100
379

9,106
151
53
98
200
1,109
371
174
197
363
169
194
375
178
196
1,408
426
982
6,237
1,639
1,650
2,948

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

February 1991
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninsiitutorial
population

Unemployed

rmninotL

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

21,493
2,111
1,043
1,068
2,463
12,230
5,341
2,641
2,700
4,208
2,323
1,885
2,681
1,423
1,257
2,148
1,126
1,022
2,541
919
671
951

13,255
656
226
430
1,630
9,612
4,152
2,034
2,118
3,444
1,878
1,566
2,017
1,137
881
1,063
645
418
295
182
75
38

61.7
31.1
21.6
40.3
66.2
78.6
77.7
77.0
78.4
81.8
80.9
83.1
75.2
79.8
70.0
49.5
57.3
40.9
11.6
19.8
11.1
4.0

11,605
420
143
278
1,283
8,606
3,601
1,764
1,837
3,142
1,692
1,450
1,864
1,041
823
1,021
619
401
274
166
71
38

1,651
235
83
152
346
1,007
551
269
281
302
186
116
154
96
58
42
26
16
20
16
4
1

12.5
35.9
36.7
35.4
21.3
10.5
13.3
13.3
13.3
8.8
9.9
7.4
7.6
8.4
6.6
4.0
4.0
3.9
6.9
8.9
4.7

9,657
1,044
527
517
1,134
5,482
2,414
1,190
1,224
1,881
1,039
842
1,187
631
555
970
517
454
1,028
383
315
330

6,621
309
100
210
849
4,770
2,107
1,040
1,068
1,663
922
742
999
547
452
556
323
232
137
73
45
19

68.6
29.6
18.9
40.6
74.9
87.0
87.3
87.4
87.2
88.4
88.7
88.1
84.2
86.6
81.4
57.3
62.6
51.2
13.3
19.0
14.3
5.8

5,701
188
54
133
641
4,216
1,813
913
900
1,503
830
673
900
490
409
527
306
221
130
69
43
18

921
122
45
77
208
554
294
127
168
160
92
68
99
57
43
29
18
11
7
4
2
1

13.9
39.4
45.5
36.5
24.5
11.6
14.0
12.2
15.7
9.6
10.0
9.2
9.9
10.3
9.4
5.2
5.4
4.9
5.4

11,836
1,068
516
551
1,329
6,748
2,928
1,451
1,476
2,327
1,284
1,043
1,494
792
702
1,177
609
568
1,513
536
356
621

6,634
346
126
220
780
4,843
2,044
994
1,050
1,780
957
824
1,018
590
429
507
322
185
158
109
30
19

56.1
32.4
24.4
39.9
58.7
71.8
69.8
68.5
71.1
76.5
74.5
79.0
68.2
74.4
61.1
43.1
52.8
32.6
10.4
20.3
8.3
3.1

5,904
233
88
144
642
4,390
1,788
851
937
1,639
862
776
964
551
413
494
313
181
145
97
29
19

730
113
38
76
138
453
256
143
114
142
94
48
54
39
15
13
8
5
13
12
1
_

8,238
1,456
818
638
833
2,617
1,190
607
583
764
444
319
663
287
377
1,085
481
604
2,246
737
596
913

2,922
93
13
80
317
1,414
667
359
308
393
224
169
354
153
202
431
207
223
667
211
162
294

1,768
1,212
763
449
316
237'
163
96
67
63
52
11
10
8
3
2
_
2
1

O
0)

3,036
734
427
307
284
712
307
150
157
218
117
100
188
84
103
415
193
221
891
310
270
311

141
12
3
10
25
52
19
10
9
17
7
10
16
6
10
22
15
7
31
5
13
13

874
642
402
240
138
92
63
45
18
22
15
7
7
7
_
1
_
1

11.0
32.7
29.8
34.4
17.7
9.3
12.5
14.4
10.8
8.0
9.8
5.8
5.3
6.6
3.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
8.3
11.0
(1)
0)

5,202
722
390
331
549
1,905
883
457
426
546
327
219
476
202
273
670
288
383
1,355
427
326
602

2,780
81
11
70
292
1,363
648
349
299
376
217
159
338
147
192
408
192
216
637
206
149
281

894
570
361
209
178
144
101
51
49
41
36
4
3
_
3
2
2
_
_
1

0

1
1

795
6
1
6
21
337
98
29
68
125
59
66
114
41
73
175
92
83
256
75
52
129

2,753
145
41
104
179
630
262
123
139
183
110
73
184
86
98
478
182
297
1,322
452
380
490

442
2
2
10
225
83
29
54
85
38
48
57
23
34
102
61
41
102
43
14
45

1,580
78
23
55
111
343
142
67
76
93
58
36
107
48
60
290
117
173
757
263
241
253

353
4
1
4
11
111
15
1
14
39
21
18
57
17
40
73
31
42
154
32
38
84

1,174
66
18
49
68
287
120
56
64
90
53
37
77
38
39
188
65
123
565
189
139
237

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

_

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

60 to 64 years
65 years and over

65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilla

nlnstttutional population by age and sex

(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Ovttian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

28,017
2,708
1,362
1,346
3,148
16,284
6,967
3,430
3,537
5,654
3,079
2,574
3,664
1,976
1,687
2,728
1,429
1,299
3,149
1,172
837
1,141

17,414
851
290
561
2,075
12,740
5,394
2,630
2,764
4,573
2,457
2,116
2,774
1,579
1,195
1,391
852
539
356
211
98
47

62.2
31.4
21.3
41.7
65.9
78.2
77.4
76.7
78.1
80.9
79.8
82.2
75.7
79.9
70.8
51.0
59.6
41.5
11.3
18.0
11.8
4.1

15,453
565
199

12,748
1,360
712

8,887
403
131
272
1,085
6,498
2,806
1,367
1,439
2,258
1,231

69.7
29.7
18.4
42.1
73.3
87.6
87.5
87.0
88.0
88.9
89.0
88.9
85.8
88.1
82.9
60.6
66.8
53.4
13.2
18.4
14.8
5.4

7.787
262
82
179
849
5.822
2.452
1,211
1.240

55.8
33.2
24.5
41.3
59.3
70.4
68.8
68.0
69.6
74.3
72.3
76.7
67.3
72.8
60.9
43.4
53.7
32.5
10.0
17.7
9.2
3.4

7.666
303

Unemployed

Employed
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Notfn

of
labor

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
„.
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

366
1,669
11.561

4,764
2.319
2,445
4,216
2,250
1,966
2.581

1,459
1.122

1.326
812
514
332
193

155
5
3
2

15.299
561
196

1,961
286

365

19
94
27

1.649

195
406

31.3
34.7
19.6

1,179
630

9.3
11.7

311
318
357
207

11.8

15
12

36
19
17
31
17
14
28
12
16
8
4

93
46

11,467
4,737
2.304
2.433
4.180
2,231
1.949
2.549
1.442
1.108
1.298
800

496
324
188
93
42

91

149
193
120
73
65
40
25
24
18

6
1

11.3

33.6

11.5
7.8
8.4
7.1
7.0

7.6
6.1
4.7
4.7

4.6
6.9
8.5
5.9

0

10,603
1.857
1,072
785
1,073
3.543
1.573
800
773
1,081

622
459
890
397
492
1,337
577
760
2.793
961
738
1.094

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years

,

647
1,479
7,417
3,205
1,571

1,635
2,539
1,384
1,155

1,672

50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1,027
1,434

915
757
1,207
645
561
1,286

806

497

91
57
22

383

406

628
731
431
300
170

2,066

128
5
3
2
19
75
22
13
9
28

1.125

17

942

11
24

1.304
731
573

694
407
287
161
85
54
21

10
14
21
8
13
8
4

7.659
257
79

1,100
141
49
93
236

12.4
35.1
37.1
34.0
21.7

676
354

10.4
12.6
11.4
13.8
8.5
8.7
8.3
9.1

721
559
672
399
273

155
199
192
107
85
130
75
55
38
25
13

153
81
55

9
6
2

17

1

7,639
304
117

862

178
830
5,747
2.430
1.198
1.231
2,038
1,108
930
1,279

9.3
8.8
5.1
5.7
4.3
5.4

6.7

0)
O

3.861
956
581
375
394
919
400
204
196
281
153
128
238
109
129
476
214
262
1.116
406
326
384

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years

15,269

1,349
650
699
1,668

8,867
3,761
1,859

30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

..:




990
6,243
2,588

1,263

1,902
3,114

1,325
2,314

1,695
1,419
1,992
1,062
930
1,521
784
738
1,863
674
454

1,225

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12

8,527
448
159
289

736

1,089
1,340
773

567
660
421

239
186
119
42
25

117
187
819
5,739
2.312
1,107
1,205
2,150
1.125
1,025
1.277
728

549
633
405
228
171
108
38
25

26

20
5
1
3
8
2
6
7
7
7
4
3

187
819
5,719
2,308
1.106

1,202
2.142
1.123
1.019
1.270
721
549

626
401
225
171

107
38
25

145
42
102
171
504
276

156
120
165
100
64

63
45
18
27
16
12
15

12
3

10.1
32.3

26.6
35.4
17.2
8.1
10.7

12.4
9.0
7.1
8.2

5.9
4.7

6.742
901
491
410
678
1,173
596
577
800
470
330

5.9

3.1
4.1
3.7
4.9
8.2
9.9
1
()

0

861
363
498
1.677
555
412
711

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

187,412
123,442
65.9
116,308
2,693
113,615
7,134
5.8
63,970

189,115
124,070
65.6
115,151
2,786
112,366
8,919
7.2
65,045

82,248
63,760
77.5
60,286
2,015
58,270
3,474
5.4
18,488

83,392
64,404
77.2
59,640
2,063
57,577
4,764
7.4
18,988

91,157
52,689
57.8
50,129
524
49,605
2,560
4.9
38,468

92,198
53,179
57.7
50,209
580
49,629
2,970
5.6
39,019

14,008
6,993
49.9
5,893
154
5,740
1,100
15.7
7,015

13,525
6,487
48.0
5,302
142
5,160
1,185
18.3
7,038

160,007
106,113
66.3
100,689
2,543
98,146
5,425
5.1
53,894

161,097
106,656
66.2
2,631
97,067
6,958
6.5
54,441

71,169
55,554
78.1
52,851
1,887
50,964
2,703
4.9
15,615

72,003
55,921
77.7
52,115
1,940
50,175
3,806
6.8
16,083

77,573
44,513
57.4
42,654
503
42,151
1,860
4.2
33,059

78,278
45,100
57.6
42,847
554
42,293
2,253
5.0
33,178

11,265
6,046
53.7
5,184
153
5,031
862
14.3
5,219

10,816
5,636
52.1
4,737
138
4,599
899
16.0
5,181

21,188
13,292
62.7
11,798
93
11,705
1,494
11.2
7,895

21,493
13,255
61.7
11,605
89
11,516
1,651
12.5
8,238

8,419
6,132
72.8
5,474
86
5,388
658
10.7
2,287

8,614
6,312
73.3
5,513
80
5,434
799
12.7
2,302

10,580
6,417
60.7
5,792
6
5,785
625
9.7
4,163

10,768
6,288
58.4
5,671
11
5,660
617
9.8
4,480

2,188
744
34.0
532

2,111
656
31.1
420

532
211
28.4
1,445

422
235
35.9
1,456

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
15,544
10,357
5,187

7,178
4,187
2,991

46.2
40.4
57.7

6,332
3,563
2,768

1,104
275
829

5,228
3,288
1,940

846
623

121
55
65

726
568
157

11.8
14.9
7.4

High school
,
College
Full-time students ...
Part-time students...

7,940
7,604
6,510
1,094

2,955
4,223
3,211
1,012

37.2
55.5
49.3
92.5

2,448
3,883
2,944

132
972
357
615

2,316
2,911
2,587
324

506
340
267
73

40
81
32
49

466
236
24

17.1
8.0
8.3
7.2

Men, 16 to 24 years.,
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,900
5,297
2,603

3,549
2,068
1,482

44.9
39.0
56.9

3,081
1,724
1,357

571
155
416

2,510
1,569
941

468
344
125

71
27

398
317
81

13.2
16.6
8.4

High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students.

4,154
3,746
3,217
529

1,556
1,993
1.504

37.5
53.2
46.7
92.4

1,269
1,812
1,364
448

87
484
180
304

1,182
1,328
1,184
144

287
181
140
42

19
52
20
32

129
119

10

18.5
9.1
9.3
8.5

Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,644
5,059
2,584

3.629
2,119
1,509

47.5
41.9
58.4

3,251
1,840
1,411

533
120
413

2,718
1,719

378
280

50
28
21

328
251
77

10.4
13.2
6.5

High school
College
Full-time students....
Part-time students...

3,786
3,857

1,398
2,230

1,707
523

36.9
57.8
51.9
92.6

1,179
2,071
1,580

492

45
488
177
311

1,135
1,583
1,403
180

219
159
128
31

21
29
12
17

198

3,293
565

116
14

15.7
7.1
7.5
5.9

12,588
8,274
4,314

6,292
3,691
2,602

50.0
44.6
60.3

5,632
3,213
2,419

962
243
719

4,670
2,971
1.700

660
477
183

80
34
46

580
443
137

10.5
12.9
7.0

Men
Women.

6,392
6,196

3,119
3.173

48.8
51.2

2,748
2,884

506
456

2,243
2,428

371

45
34

325
255

11.9
9.1

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students..

6,203
6.385
5,450
935

2,571
3,721
2,848
873

41.4
58.3
52.3
93.4

2,187
3,445
2,622
824

109
853
305
549

2,079
2,592
2,317
275

384

276
227
50

23
57
26
31

360
220
201
19

14.9
7.4
8.0
5.7

2,156
1,577
579

626
367
259

29.0
23.3
44.7

479
246
233

382
226
156

147
121
26

31
19
13

116
102
14

23.5
32.9
10.2

Men
Women

1,071
1,085

298
329

27.8
30.3

215
264

177
205

83
64

20
12

64
52

27.9
19.5

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students.,

1,346
811
707
103

299
327
233
94

22.2
40.3
33.0
90.8

194
285
207
78

179
203
169
34

105
42
26
16

13
19
5
14

92
24
21
3

35.1
12.9
11.2
17.2

1.338
975

484
281
203

36.2
28.9
55.9

414
223
192

111
20
91

303
203
100

62
56
6

14.4
20.9
5.4

Men
Women

678

230
255

33.9
38.6

197
218

143
160

29
32

14.3
14.5

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students..

844
493
365
129

214
270
156
114

25.4
54.7
42.8
88.4

159
256
147
109

53
58
%
22
89
16
73

137
166
131
35

53
9
9

25.9
5.3
5.9
4.6

Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

259

130

Black
Total. 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,810
3.168
12,642

12,787
2,300
10,487

80.9
72.6
83.0

10,912
1,739
9,173

9,172
1,212
7,960

1,740
527
1,213

1,875
561
1,314

1,731
498
1,234

144
64
80

14.7
24.4
12.5

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,895
7,995
2,524
1.395

2,396
6,745
2.315
1.333

61.5
84.4
91.7
95.5

1,796
5,778
2,087
1,250

1,413
4,810
1,790
1,159

383
968
297
92

599
967
227
82

536
912
207
77

64
54
20
5

25.0
14.3
9.8
6.2

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,611
1,522
6.090

6,901
1,252
5,649

90.7
82.3
92.8

5,729
932
4,797

5,067
703
4.364

662
229
433

1,172
320
852

1,116
297
820

56
23
33

17.0
25.5
15.1

2.055
3.889
1.073
595

1,659
3,640
1,026
576

80.7
93.6
95.7
96.8

1,221
3,078
897
534

1.003
2.749
810
505

217
329
88
29

439
562
129
42

417
545
115
39

22
17
13
3

26.4
15.4
12.6
7.3

8,198
1,647
6,552

5,886
1,048
4,838

71.8
63.6
73.8

5,182
806
4,376

4.105
509
3,596

1,078
298
780

704
242
462

615
201
414

88
41
48

12.0
23.1
9.5

1,840
4.106
1,452
800

736
3,105
1,289
756

40.0
75.6
88.8
94.5

576
2.700
1,190
717

410
2,061
981
653

166
639
209
63

161
404
99
40

119
367
92
38

42
37
7
2

21.8
13.0
7.7
5.3

12,910
2,543
10,367

10,746
1,945
8,801

83.2
76.5
84.9

9,377
1,523
7,853

7,931
1,085
6,846

1,446
438
1,007

1,369
422
948

1,274
380
894

96
42
54

12.7
21.7
10.8

Men
Women

6,280
6,629

5,843
4,903

93.0
74.0

4,951
4,426

4,418
3,513

532
913

892
477

856
418

37
59

15.3
9.7

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,089
6,455
2,120
1,246

2,025
5,569
1,952
1,200

65.6
86.3
92.1
96.3

1.577
4.867
1,797
1,136

1.252
4,082
1,546
1,051

324
785
251
85

449
702
155
64

408
663
141
61

40
39
14
2

22.2
12.6
7.9
5.3

20 to 24 years

2,418
534
1,883

1,659
288
1,371

68.6
54.0
72.8

1,225
174
1,051

977
97
880

248
77
170

434
114
320

391
98
293

43
16
27

26.2
39.6
23.3

Men
Women

1.106
1.312

861
798

77.9
60.8

614
611

510
467

105
143

247
187

231
160

16
27

28.7
23.5

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

686
1.311
334
87

298
985
296
80

43.4
75.1
88.7
91.9

163
760
237
64

110
610
197
60

53
150
40
5

134
225
59
16

112
214
52
13

22
11
7
3

45.1
22.8
20.0
19.5

2.119
471
1.648

1,557
301
1,256

73.5
63.9
76.2

1,324
238
1,086

1,153
191
963

171
47
123

233
63
170

220
57
163

13
6
7

14.9
20.9
13.5

Men
Women

1,108
1,011

1,009
548

91.1
54.2

851
474

758
395

92
78

159
74

152
67

7
7

15.7
13.5

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,105
747
210
57

715
596
198
49

64.7
79.8
94.4
(*)

594
503
182
45

522
431
159
41

72
72
23
4

121
93
15
4

114
89
13
4

7
4
2

16.9
15.6
7.7

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




ft

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

4.8
4.9
5.8
4.8
4.4
3.5

6.8
7.0
10.7
6.4
5.6
5.5

3.8
3.6
4.1
4.0

5.7
6.0
5.0
6.1

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over

7,573
6,514
1,528
3,324
1,662
1,059

7,728
6,484
1,255
3,176
2,053
1,244

6,887
6,168
1,443
3,175
1,551
719

7,002
6,103
1,185
2,993
1,926
899

6,559
5,865
1,360
3,023
1,482
694

6,528
5,678
1,058
2,802
1,818
850

329
304
69
25

474
425
127
191
107
49

16,820
7,707
4,943
4,170

17,894
8,164
5,531
4,199

15,784
7,331
4,612
3,842

16,788
7,740
5,190
3,858

15,178
7,070
4,422
3,687

15,832
7,278
4,932
3,622

606
261
190
155

956
462
258
236

83
151

NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16



are limited to those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
February 1991
Unemployed

Employed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
,
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

94,661
1,487
145
1,342
93,174
8,789
84,386
73,611
10,775

92,085
1,386
136
1,251
90,698
8,401
82,297
71,844
10,453

2,576
101
10
91
2,476
387
2,089
1,767
322

20,490
3,815
1,839
1,976
16,675
3,153
13,522
9,804
3,718

16,975
3,474
1,788
1,685
13,501
2,513
10,987
7,646
3,342

3,516
341
50
291
3,174
639
2,535
2,159
377

7,432
553
83
470
6,879
1,299
5,580
5,043
537

1,487
632
353
279
855
238
617
490
127

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

55,613
858
54,755
4,780
49,975
43,271
6,704

53,968
806
53,162
4,501
48,661
42,152
6,509

1,645
52
1,593
279
1,314
1,119
195

6,683
1,798
4,885
1,374
3,511
1,997
1,514

5,235
1,637
3,598
1,078
2,519
1,162
1,357

1,448
161
1,288
296
992
835
157

4,805
324
4,482
864
3,618
3,245
373

622
340
282
113
169
105
64

Women, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,048
629
38,419
4,009
34,410
30,340
4,071

38,117
580
37,536
3,901
33,636
29,692
3,944

931
49
883
108
775
648
127

13,807
2,017
11,790
1,779
10,012
7,808
2,204

11,740
1,836
9,903
1,435
8,468
6,484
1,984

2,068
181
1,887
343
1,543
1,324
220

2,627
229
2,397
436
1,962
1,798
164

864
292
573
124
448
385
63

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

48,702
775
47,927
4,149
43,778
37,785
5,993

47,264
731
46,533
3,899
42,634
36,811
5,823

1,438
45
1,394
250
1,144
975
170

5,807
1,619
4,188
1,156
3,032
1,660
1,372

4,599
1,474
3,124
920
2,204
962
1,242

1,208
144
1,064
236
828
698
130

3,825
253
3,572
648
2,924
2,586
338

503
269
234
93
141
88
53

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

32,837
552
32,284
3,417
28,868
25,325
3,542

32,074
510
31,565
3,336
28,228
24,797
3,432

763
43
720
81
639
529
111

12,353
1,790
10,563
1,551
9,011
7,083
1,928

10,676
1,639
9,037
1,265
7,771
6,003
1,768

1,677
151
1,526
286
1,240
1.0Q0
160

1,941
161
1,780
292
1,489
1,355
134

689
216
473
98
375
325
50

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,060
56
5,003
491
4,513
3,974
538

4,890
51
4,839
463
4,376
3,862
514

169
5
164
27
137
112
25

641
131
510
151
359
241
118

454
118
336
104
233
136
96

187
13
174
47
127
105
22

813
61
753
190
563
538
25

107
61
46
18
28
16
11

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,801
61
4,740
467
4,273
3,854
419

4,666
56
4,610
443
4,168
3,761
406

135
5
130
24
106
93
13

1,103
172
931
176
756
536
219

789
148
642
123
519
345
173

314
25
289
52
237
191
46

592
56
536
116
420
403
17

138
57
81
22
58
49
9

White

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Total, 16 years and over1

Not in labor force

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

98,783

65.9

91,754

7,029

7.1

51,003

21,109

8,714

2,605

18,575

Husbands
With employed wife
;
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,867
26,408
1,218
12,242

77.7
91.9
90.4
57.6

37,909
25,234
1,063
11,612

1,958
1,174
155
629

4.9
4.4
12.7
5.1

11,473
2,330
130
9,014

192
92
4
96

207
91
11
104

998
415
26
557

10,077
1,731
89
8,257

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

30,085
26,297
1,329
2,460

58.6
69.4
67.9
21.4

28,738
25,234
1,174
2,330

1,348
1,063
155
130

4.5
4.0
11.7
5.3

21,255
11.?12
629
9,014

16,205
10,027
548
5,630

479
375
26
78

434
146
18
271

4,137
1,065
38
3,034

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,154
4,091
4,465
3,596

59.9
47.4
72.6
65.2

10,554
3,467
3,941
3,146

1,599
624
525
450

13.2
15.3
11.7
12.5

8,139
4,537
1,681
1,921

767
98
171
498

5,604
4,196
1,259
149

356
11
44
301

1,412
232
206
974

Women who maintain families

7,055

61.5

6,403

652

9.2

4,411

2,799

263

287

1,062

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,538
1,230
1,578
2,729

57.9
42.5
71.0
61.4

4,521
895
1,264
2,362

1,016
336
313
367

18.4
27.3
19.9
13.4

4,022
1,662
644
1,716

807
122
155
530

1,792
1,384
325
83

347
10
23
314

1,077
146
141
790

Men who maintain families

2,287

78.6

2,075

212

9.3

623

29

45

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
,

1,796
298
459
1,041

62.5
51.9
75.0
61.5

1,553
232
393
928

244
66
65
113

13.6
22.1
14.2
10.9

1,080
276
153
651

310
5
37
268

324
223
79
22

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




462
97
2
10
85

349
46
27
276

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

1,303

5.4
4.0
6.0
8.2

6.2
4.6
6.7
9.3

2,247
1,020
498
729

2,630
1,252
565
812

4.7
3.7
5.6
6.5

5.5
4.5
6.2
7.3

716
165
162
390

730
129
166
435

10.6
6.8
8.1
16.4

11.0
5.5
8.8
18.2

6.6
5.0
10.8
10.5

2,049

2,410
1,243

4.4
3.6
5.6
5.9

5.1
4.3
6.4
6.9

6.1
4.8

3.9
3.4
5.2
3.7

4.7
4.2
6.0
4.9

8.6
5.6

7.9

8.7
5.1
8.1

14.2

15.1

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

6.1
3.7
8.4

8.0
5.1
10.8

3,047
1,232
674

3,491
1,432
756

10.7

13.6

1,140

7.4
4.9

1,850

5.4
3.5
7.6
9.4

778
198
125
455

921
233
145
542

11.9
6.2
13.3
19.0

13.9
22.7

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,745
1,443
573

3,787
2,023
764
1,001

4.8
3.5
8.4
8.0

White, 25 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,144
1,206
435
503

3,065

4.3
3.3
7.6
6.8

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

509
180
121
208

590
222
141
227

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,087

1,573

5,427
2,161

589
1,925

793
2,474

White, 16 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,178
1,318
447
1,413

4,328
1,848

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




729

630

1,727
607
732

9.5

5.9
13.1
15.3

Unemployment
rates

10.4
12.2
13.9
7.3

1,048

613

696

388

471
1,864
1,085

10.4
9.4

1,510
878
449
183

10.8
7.2
13.9
16.6

475
125
153
196

479
115
148
216

529
250

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates>

Total

Total, 16 years and over

Men

Total

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

7,134

8,919

Women

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

5.8

7.2

6.1

8.0

5.4

6.2

588
326
262

759
441,
317

1.9
2.2
1.6

2.4
2.9
1.9

1.8
2.2
1.5

2.5
2.8
2.3

1.9
2.1
1.8

2.2
3.0
1.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,642
130
759
753

1,961
135
855
971

4.3
3.2
5.1
3.9

5.2
3.4
5.8
5.0

3.6
3.6
3.4
4.0

5.0
4.1
5.0
5.5

4.6
2.9
6.8
3.8

5.3
2.7
6.7
4.9

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,120
47
60
1,013

1,275
42
96
1,138

6.8
5.8
2.9
7.5

7.5
5.3
4.5
8.1

7.2

7.8

O2.8

O4.1

8.8

9.0

6.6
5.6
4.0
6.8

7.4
5.1
6.7
7.6

,

985
166
578
241

1,389
256
867
266

6.8
3.6
10.3
5.7

9.6
5.6
15.6
6.2

6.9
3.7
10.4
5.3

9.5
5.5
15.5
5.1

6.5
3.0
9.2
6.8

10.4
7.6
21.0
9.9

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
,
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1,829
741
376
712
181
531

2,484
1,100
480
904
289
615

9.5
8.5
7.4
12.9
19.5
11.5

13.0
12.9
9.1
17.2
33.0
14.0

9.2
7.2
7.9
12.9
19.4
11.3

13.3
12.6
9.5
18.3
33.5
14.6

10.2
10.5
2.8
12.9

12.3
13.3
5.0
11.9

12.4

11.8

248

333

8.4

10.5

8.2

11.0

9.3

7.5

687
414
134
139

685
403
155
127

_

_
_

-

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

Farming, forestry, and fishing
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




,

-

_
_

_
-

O

O

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by Industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total

Unemployment rates
Women

Men

Total

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

8,919

5.8

7.2

6.1

8.0

5.4

6.2

5,649

7,193

6.1

7.8

6.4

8.7

40
838

56
1,306

5.6
13.1

7.1
21.4

6.2
13.5

6.3
22.3

2.4
9.4

10.8
12.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,396

1,774
1,128
102
52
62
78
113

6.4
6.0
9.7
5.2
7.3
5.6
7.3
4.8
6.1
5.9
8.1
4.0
3.6
7.9
6.8
9.1
6.6
11.4
3.9
5.1
3.3
6.9
8.8

8.2
8.9
14.6
8.3

7.5
8.7
14.2
8.5

14.3
5.4
6.0
7.4
6.6
3.6
4.4
5.0
6.4
7.3

7.8
6.2
6.2
7.9
5.9
4.2
6.1
5.1
8.1
5.3
9.4
2.0
3.2
8.0
9.3
14.4
10.3
11.5
3.0
5.5
5.4
8.0
15.9

9.6
9.3

17.2
5.6
4.8
14.2
7.2
8.7
8.9
9.6
3.6
5.7
4.3
10.4
7.9

5.7
6.0
10.3
4.1
7.6
5.9
7.6
4.7
4.7
6.0
7.7
4.5
3.8
8.5
5.1
6.5
3.5
11.0
4.2
4.8
2.3
6.2
4.6

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

273
221
52
1,578
167
1,412
236
1,287
447
841

1,910
226
1,683
270
1,495
512
982

4.3
5.8
2.0
6.6
3.7
7.3
3.2
4.9
3.0
7.6

5.9
7.8
3.3
8.1
5.1
8.8
3.7
5.6
3.3
8.5

4.6
6.2
1.9
6.0
3.8
6.8
3.3
5.7
3.1
7.8

6.4
8.5
3.0
8.1
5.1
9.1
3.6
6.3
3.6
8.4

3.5
4.5
2.3
7.4
3.6
7.9
3.2
4.4
2.9
7.3

4.7
5.8
3.7
8.1
4.9
8.5
3.8
5.1
3.2
8.6

198
600
687

246
796
685

12.7
2.1

15.2
2.7

12.9
2.2

16.5
3.1

11.9
2.0

10.8
2.3

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

7,134

783
75
34
44
52

97
127
133
153

98
55
24
44
613

167
155
288
213
75

36
75
646

185
46
125
30

168
67

95
46
54

105
60
80
32

31

109
26

383

296
87

10.6
9.0
9.0
6.5
7.1
11.1

10.9
8.4
9.4
6.5
4.7
11.0
17.3
5.4
5.5

6.6

18.0
7.8
9.0
13.2

7.9
6.2
10.3
11.6
17.0

6.1
4.0
13.4

9.9
14.6
10.6

10.5
3.8
7.7
2.9
17.3

9.5

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Feb.
1991

Black

White

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

1,185
375
103
272
170
300
340

5,425
2,857
1,107
1,751
818
1,345
403

6,958
4,324
1,694
2,630
798
1,452
383

1,494
697
147
551
170
432
195

1,651
838
246
592
160
491
161

100.0
22.7
5.7
17.0
16.3
27.4
33.7

100.0
31.6
8.7
22.9
14.4
25.3
28.7

100.0
52.7
20.4
32.3
15.1
24.8
7.4

100.0
62.2
24.3
37.8
11.5
20.9
5.5

100.0
46.7
9.8
36.8
11.4
28.9
13.1

100.0
50.8
14.9
35.9
9.7
29.8
9.8

3.6
2.6
4.3
5.3

5.8
2.6
4.6
5.2

2.7
.8
1.3
.4

4.1
.7
1.4
.4

5.2
1.3
3.3
1.5

6.3
1.2
3.7
1.2

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

7,134
3,646
1,282
2,365
1,030
1,837
619

8,919
5,319
1,988
3,331
1,004
2,014
581

3,474
2,314
875
1,440
432
633
94

4,764
3,529
1,400
2,129
414
716
104

2,560
1,083
345
738
419
903
155

2,970
1,415
485
930
420
998
137

1,100
249
62
187
179
301
370

100.0
51.1
18.0
33.2
14.4
25.8
8.7

100.0
59.6
22.3
37.3
11.3
22.6
6.5

100.0
66.6
25.2
41.4
12.4
18.2
2.7

100.0
74.1
29.4
44.7
8.7
15.0
2.2

100.0
42.3
13.5
28.8
16.4
35.3
6.1

100.0
47.6
16.3
31.3
14.1
33.6
4.6

3.0
.8
1.5
.5

4.3
.8
1.6
.5

3.6
.7
1.0
.1

5.5
.6
1.1
.2

2.1
.8
1.7
.3

2.7
.8
1.9
.3

Feb.
1991

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22




,

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
February 1991
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

Total, 16 years and over....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

...

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14

100.0

37.9

5,319
1,988
3,331
1,004
2,014
581

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

4,764

Thousands
of persons

Percent

8,919

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

37.8

24.3

13.5

10.8

32.8
43.8
26.2
43.9
44.3
51.6

40.8
40.2
41.2
34.3
34.1
29.3

26.4
16.1
32.6
21.8
21.6
19.1

14.6
11.0
16.7
14.2
11.8
9.2

11.8
5.1
15.9
7.6
9.8
10.0

100.0

30.7

40.9

28.4

15.4

13.0

3,529
1,400
2,129
414
716
104

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

30.5
39.8
24.3
34.9
30.6
24.2

41.6
42.8
40.8
38.3
39.9
33.1

27.9
17.4
34.8
26.9
29.5
42.7

15.1
12.2
17.1
16.4
15.8
18.9

12.8
5.3
17.7
10.5
13.7
23.8

2,970

100.0

43.7

34.4

22.0

12.0

10.0

1,415
485
930
420
998
137

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

35.3
53.5
25.7
49.1
51.1
59.4

38.7
31.9
42.2
29.6
30.8
29.9

26.0
14.5
32.0
21.2
18.0
10.7

14.3
9.0
17.1
13.8
8.9
3.6

11.7
5.5
14.9
7.4
9.1
7.1

1,185

100.0

51.9

34.2

13.8

9.9

4.0

375
103
272
170
300
340

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

45.0
51.8
42.4
53.0
54.3
56.9

41.7
43.3
41.1
35.9
31.3
27.8

13.3
4.9
16.5
11.1
14.4
15.3

9.9
4.7
11.8
10.0
11.5
8.4

3.5
.2
4.7
1.2
2.9
6.9

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

A-16.

W66KS

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over ..
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

7,134

8,919

100.0

100.0

5,654

7,432

100.0

100.0

3,067
2,555
1,899
657
1,511
845
666
319
347

3,376
3,373
2,441
932
2,170
1,207
962
463
499

43.0
35.8
26.6
9.2
21.2
11.8
9.3
4.5
4.9

37.9
37.8
27.4
10.4
24.3
13.5
10.8
5.2
5.6

2,181
2,127
1,542
585
1,346
747
599
277
321

2,572
2,889
2,047
843
1,971
1,072
899
438
461

38.6
37.6
27.3
10.4
23.8
13.2
10.6
4.9
5.7

34.6
38.9
27.5
11.3
26.5
14.4
12.1
5.9
6.2

11.7
5.9

12.8
7.0

12.8
6.9

13.7
7.7

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
and
weeks weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

February 1991

24.3
13.8
18.9
22.5
28.9
33.3
37.2
33.0

14.1
8.8
11.6
12.8
16.0
18.9
20.8
21.6

8.0
4.8
6.8
8.3
9.0
9.5
11.8
8.3

37.4
56.5
42.2
36.3
27.2
28.1
30.2
30.2

32.8
47.7
33.6
31.0
30.1
29.5
23.7
40.6

23.5
9.3
15.8
24.6
28.9
34.2
35.7
37.9

27.0
16.6
22.0
24.7
30.6
34.9
41.4
38.2

10.7
6.9

5.4
3.9
4.2
5.2
7.0
7.2
8.1

50.5
63.0
61.7
47.2
44.0
40.8
43.8

45.7
57.3
53.6
46.1
38.2
37.6
35.6

18.0
10.9
13.4
17.4
23.0
24.4
27.5

20.2
10.3
13.4
19.2
26.3
30.3
28.4

9

311
14
27
93
100
47
25
5

1,779
917

932
615
317

724
503
221

12.5
13.6
10.7

7.0
7.9
5.5

44.1
38.5
51.9

37.4
33.1
44.7

20.7
23.1
17.3

23.8
25.8
20.5

659
294
365

545
330
215

234
171
63

213
126
87

14.2
16.5
11.4

6.6
8.2
4.5

40.2
33.5
47.4

39.9
32.0
49.9

22.8
25.6
19.7

27.1
32.2
20.5

793
2,474

649
245
886

905
304
974

337
111
366

270
132
248

14.7
16.6
12.9

8.7
8.6
7.1

31.6
37.2
42.2

30.0
30.9
35.8

26.4
29.2
19.5

28.1
30.6
24.8

1,432
756
1,303

576
286
734

551
257
382

176
109
109

129
103

11.1
13.3
8.9

6.3
7.1
4.0

49.8
48.1
52.8

40.2
37.8
56.3

16.5
22.1
17.3

21.4
28.0
14.4

93

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,427
663

1,781
316
328

2,183
237
433
707
426
237
126
17

813
78
136
252
163
104

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,491
521
560
1,073
731
379

395
39
49

171
55

279
142
61
20

1,190
169
185
372
260
122
62
21

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

6,958
4,328
2,630

2,605
1,431
1,175

2,696

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,651
921
730
2,161




Feb.
1991

21.2
10.0
14.8
21.5
26.3
30.1
32.7
29.5

187
38

24

Feb.
1990

37.9
51.9
40.9
37.1
33.3
32.4
27.5
38.5

3,373
406
618

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Feb.
1991

43.0
59.4
50.2
41.0
34.7
33.4
35.1
32.8

3,376
615
628
991
605
339
146
51

1

Feb.
1990
7.0
4.3
5.8
7.2
8.3
8.7
10.0
8.0

8,919
1,185
1,537
2,673
1,814
1,046
531
. 133

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

12.8
8.0
10.4
12.0
15.1
16.7
18.5
17.4

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

962
47

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

977

1,599
1,083

668
359
78

496
326
197
85
32

1,596
299
300
495

1,079
686

359

1,207
117
185
365
256
171
21

69
12

114

93
67
24

106
237

268
177
105
23
651
33

79
144
168
130
80
18

79

8.3
10.7
13.7
12.8
13.6

0

0

0

0

0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, Industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
and
weeks weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks

Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb.
1990 1991 1990 1991

February 1991
OCCUPATION
759
1,961
1,275
1,389
2,484
333

253
812
552
468
811
92

284
683
437
584
1,032
160

118
255
179
196
337
57

104
212
106
142
304
25

14.0
11.8
11.6
12.9
14.2
13.9

8.3
6.1
6.1
7.7
7.7
9.4

38.6
46.2
49.7
34.8
37.5
40.3

33.3
41.4
43.3
33.7
32.6
27.6

26.0
19.9
20.2
21.6
24.7
20.2

29.2
23.8
22.4
24.3
25.8
24.3

246
1,329
1,791
1,137

,

433
1,920
2,012
165

70
376
628
405
223
145
815
800
37

114
664
636
402
235
165
691
725
74

47
178
278
175
103
63
231
273
28

14
111
248
156
93
60
184
216
26

12.6
12.3
14.7
15.0
14.2
15.4
11.5
12.5
15.1

8.7
8.3
7.8
7.8
7.7
8.1
5.9
6.7
9.6

42.4
32.9
37.7
37.8
37.7
28.6
47.3
46.9
33.1

28.5
28.3
35.1
35.6
34.1
33.5
42.4
39.8
22.4

19.7
18.6
26.4
25.8
27.1
30.5
18.6
21.9
26.1

24.8
21.7
29.4
29.0
30.0
28.2
21.6
24.3
32.7

,

685

376

191

55

63

10.2

4.1

54.9

54.9

12.5

17.2

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
,
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

«

,
,
,

654

Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed Jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
February 1991
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years
65 years and over

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

8,919

6,858

1,185
1,537

1,070
1,301
1,976

2,673
1,814

1,046
531
133

1,289
748
382
91

3,917
592
799

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency
24.7
12.0
28.3
27.2
26.7
25.9
27.3
17.5

27.0
14.2
32.1
27.0
29.7
30.4
29.5

Private
employment
agency

8.6
3.7
9.2
8.8

9.4
11.6
11.4
8.5

Average
number of
methods
used

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

70.8
78.3
75.2
67.8
67.9
68.2
67.6
63.9

42.1
31.7
42.8
44.2
47.8
43.1
41.7
22.0

20.7
14.4
20.7
23.0
22.2
21.7
21.6
14.0

5.0
3.0
4.6
5.0
5.9
5.2
7.6
9.1

1.72
1.43
1.81
1.76
1.80
1.76
1.77
1.35

74.3
84.2
78.5
70.9
70.9
66.6
73.1

38.7
29.7
39.4
40.4
47.2
39.1
32.1

21.8
15.8
22.0
24.5
24.1
20.5
22.7

5.6
2.6
4.7
5.9
6.6
7.2
8.9

0

1.76
1.50
1.86
1.79
1.87
1.77
1.77

O

66.3
71.0
69.9
63.9
64.6
70.7
56.6

46.6
34.2
48.3
49.0
48.3
49.0
60.8

19.3
12.5
18.7
21.1
20.2
23.6
19.5

4.2
3.5
4.4
3.9
5.1
2.1
4.9

1.66
1.35
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.74
1.78

Other

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,427
663
977
1,599

78

1,094
674
450
254
52

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

2,942
478
502
882
615
298
128
39

21.6
9.2
22.4
27.5
23.5
19.1
22.8

65 years and over

3,491
521
560
1,073
731
379
171
55

White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women

6,958
4,328
2,630

5,199
3,009
2,189

24.5
25.8
22.8

8.8
8.6
9.1

70.0
74.3
64.1

44.2
40.5
49.4

20.9
21.8
19.8

5.6
6.2
4.7

1.74
1.77
1.70

Black, 16 years and over...
Men
Women

1,651
921
730

1,404
768
636

26.6
32.9
19.1

7.6
9.3
5.7

73.9
74.3
73.5

34.3
31.3
38.0

21.0
22.4
19.2

3.1
3.2
2.9

1.67
1.73
1.58

55 to 64 years

1,083

668
359

0

8.9
3.2

9.0
10.2
8.1
13.1
10.6
8.3
4.2
9.5
7.1

10.7
9.3
12.8

0

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

0

0

O

0

0

O

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by s<»x, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
February 1991
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

8,919
5,319
1,004
2,014
581

6,858
3,306
992
1,979
581

24.7
31.4
22.3
18.6
11.3

8.6
10.1
9.9
6.9
3.9

70.8
71.7
69.2
68.9
75.2

42.1
43.4
51.1
38.3
32.2

20.7
24.0
18.4
18.2
14.9

5.0
5.8
2.1
5.1
4.9

1.72
1.87
1.73
1.56
1.42

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,427
3,773
502
882
271

3,917
2,292
490
865
270

27.0
31.4
25.7
20.6
12.4

8.9
9.5
9.9
7.9
5.1

74.3
73.2
72.7
74.8
84.6

38.7
40.1
49.7
31.2
31.8

21.8
25.2
19.2
16.7
15.0

5.6
5.8
2.4
7.2
4.5

1.76
1.85
1.80
1.58
1.54

Women 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,491
1,546
503
1,132
310

2,942
1,015
502
1,115
310

21.6
31.5
19.0
17.0
10.3

8.3
11.5
9.9
6.2
2.9

66.3
68.5
65.7
64.3
67.1

46.6
51.0
52.5
43.8
32.6

19.3
21.4
17.7
19.3
14.7

4.2
5.8
1.7
3.5
5.2

1.66
1.90
1.66
1.54
1.33

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26




30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians In agriculture and nonagricultural Industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Women

Men

Total
Industry and age

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

115,151
5,302
1,984
3,318
11,941
83,415
32,847
30,813
19,756
11,161
6,718
4,444
3,331

63,293
3,007
1,088

65 years and over

116,308
5,893
2,125
3,768
12,314
83,437
33,782
30,210
19,445
11,327
6,757
4,570
3,336

62,296
2,656
999
1,658
6,154
45,268
18,006
16,587
10,675
6,365
3,779
2,585
1,853

53,016
2,887
1,037
1,850
5,937
37,889
15,193
13,883
8,813
4,920
2,950
1,970
1,383

52,855
2,646
985
1,661
5,787
38,147
14,841
14,226
9,081
4,797
2,938
1,858
1,478

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,693
154
71
82
237
1,714
754
584
376
347
172
175
241

2,786
142
58
84
254
1,774
727
621
426
397
188
209
218

2,143

2,188
124
51
74
208
1,364
572
465
327
305
139
166
187

550
26
13
13
53
362
153
122
87
84
48
36
25

598
18
8
10
47
410
155
156
99
92
49
43
32

113,615
5,740
2,054
3,686
12,077
81,723
33,028
29,626
19,069
10,980
6,586
4,395
3,095

112,366
5,160
1,925
3,234
11,687
81,641
32,120
30,191
19,330
10,764
6,530
4,235
3,113

61,150

60,109
2,532
948
1,584
5,946
43,904
17,434
16,122
10,348
6,060
3,640
2,420
1,667

52,466
2,861
1,024
1,837
5,884
37,527
15,040
13,761
8,726
4,836
2,902
1,934
1,358

52,257
2,628
978
1,650
5,741
37,738
14,686
14,070
8,982
4,704
2,889
1,815
1,446

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years

60 to 64 years

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




1,919
6,377
45,547
18,589
16,326
10,632
6,408
3,808
2,600
1,954

128
58
70
184

1,352
601
462
289
263
124
139
216
2,879
1,030
1,849
6,193

44,196
17,988
15,864

10,343
6,144
3,683
2,461
1,737

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)

Occupation

16 years
and over
Feb.
1990

Total

Women

Men

Total

Feb.
1991

16 years
and over
Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

20 years
and over
Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

16 years
and over
Feb.
1990

20 years
and over

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

116,308 115,151 63,293 62,296 60,286 59,640 53,016 52,855 50,129 50,209
31,127 16,504 16,634 16,421 16,537 14,108 14,493 13,951 14,385
15,006 8,858 8,935 8,822 8,887 5,887 6,072 5,841 6,049
293
263
265
293
392
328
392
328
621
10,333 6,498 6,663 6,471 6,619 3,625 3,670 3,592 3,653
1,944 1,959 1,940 1,997 2,108 1,985 2,102
1,967
4,052
7,646 7,700 7,599 7,650 8,221 8,421 8,111 8,336
16,121
152
159
159
152
1,702
1,589 1,702 1,589
1,748
367
269
367
267
583
584
513
513
951
124
128
124
128
302
329
302
329
454
147
169
148
677
671
673
166
679
821
2,005 2,004 1,996 1,999
321
321
2,325
309
310
315
289
326
285
526
483
532
485
811
1,123 1,097 1,118 3,100 3,119 3,052 3,088
4,242
1,106
144
145
147
143
559
581
581
559
728
4,041
1,944 2,015 1,915 1,975 1,966 2,026 1,922 1,993

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration ...
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

30,612
14,745
658
10,124
3,963
15,867
1,854
782
430
848
2,315
820
4,206
704
3,910

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science.
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services.
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

36,777 35,847 12,932 12,595 12,263 11,993 23,845 23,253 22,209 21,766
1,986
1,966 1,949 1,946 1,901 1,838 1,875 1,815
3,887 3,804
1,259
199 1,102 1,057 1,087 1,045
213
202
1,315
213
271
1,258
248
278
238
«7OO
985
980
1,233
973
1,287
550
498
551
503
781
784
1,339
763
788
14,135 13,762 7,238 7,094 6,833 6,722 6,897 6,668 5,913 5,842
3,872 3,747 2,540
2,458 2,506 2,443 1,332 1,288 1,305 1,273
2,365
990 1,024
2,334
1,324
1,315 1,308 1,300 1,011 1,050
1,598
369
329
374
315
1,606
1,277
1,224 1,272 1,217
6,267 5,973 2,081
2,065 1,730 1,734 4,186 3,907 3,266 3,130
80
29
47
37
39
49
55
16
31
16
18,754 18,281
3,708 3,535 3,481 3,325 15,047 14,747 14,421 14,109
459
459
443
443
278
272
280
739
273
716
532
554
567
535
228
256
245
812
264
818
73 4,798 4,280 4,625 4,145
64
82
65
4,863 4,362
192 2,275 2,181 2,228 2,152
217
197
219
2,494 2,379
330
325
341
356
548
622
566
647
922
988
8,875 9,067 2,240 2,164 2,050 2,005 6,635 6,904 6,265 6,491

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective.
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,279 15,663
741
770
1,992 2,034
12,517 12,888
5,132
5,147
2,090
1,983
3,076 3,143
2,312 2,523

5,553
27
1,700
3,826
1,489
198
1,705
434

9,101
748
270
8,083
3,071
1,792
1,358
1,862

9,272
709
294
8,269
3,043
1,870
1,319
2,038

8,248
659
246
7,342
2,572
1,734
1,298
1,739

8,428
611
283
7,534
2,551
1,805
1,261
1,916

Precision production, craft, and repair
,
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.

13,431 13,053 12,272 11,920 11,993 11,709
4,168 4,148 4,097
4,408 4,337 4,231
4,503
4,606 4,771
4,901
5,005 4,681
3,145 3,073 3,108
4,018 4,034
3,140

1,159
177
105
878

1,133
169
75

1,125
173
105
847

1,108
166
72
870

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,506 16,609 13,130 12,397 12,119 11,631
4,334
4,447 4,712
7,978 7,450 4,901
3,624 3,872 3,542
6,599 6,119 4,011
2,257
2,301 2,482
3,649 3,326 2,554
1,285
1,322 1,390
1,457
2,950 2,793
823
1,331
1,379
791
840
889
4,712 4,808 4,238 4,384 4,092 4,285
3,579 3,047 3,201 2,929
3,481
3,114
1,182 1,163
1,229
1,231
1,172
1,191
3,566 3,315
4,816 4,351
3,012
3,991
564
587
746
524
669
717
4,070 3,765 3,275 3,002 2,646 2,489

4,376
3,077
2,588
1,094
1,494
490
474
434
40
825
29
796

4,213
3,003
2,495
1,025
1,471
507
424
378
47
786
23
762

4,194
3,003
2,535
1,080
1,455
469
466
428
39
724
28
696

4,049
2,923
2,433
1,006
1,427
490
415
371
44
710
23
687

426
168
259

492
194
298

401
166
236

474
192
282

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28




2,703
1,181
1,522

2,852
1,188
1,664

6,178
21
1,723
4,433
2,076
191
1,718
449

2,278
1,014
1,264

6,391
31
1,740
4,619
2,090
220
1,825
485

2,360
994
1,366

5,351
19
1,689
3,643
1,484
179
1,577
403

2,139
1,006
1,133

2,217
988
1,228

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Women

Men

Total
Occupation and race

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

116,308
100.0

115,151
100.0

63,293
100.0

62,296
100.0

53,016
100.0

52,855
100.0

26.3
12.7

26.1
14.0
12.1
20.4
3.1
11.4

26.7
14.3

26.6

27.4
11.5

4.1
4.1
2.3

27.0
13.0
14.0
31.1
3.3
12.0
15.9
13.6
.6
1.8
11.2
11.3
14.4
6.5
4.2
3.8
2.5

100,689
100.0

100.0

27.4
13.4

28.2
13.7

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.6
31.6
3.3
12.2

16.1
13.1
.7
1.7
10.8
11.5

15.1
6.9

5.9
9.8
2.7
7.0
19.4
20.7
7.7

12.4
20.2
3.2
11.4
5.7
10.3
.1
2.8
7.4
19.1
19.9

6.7
6.3
3.6

7.1
7.0
5.7
3.8

55,510
100.0

27.1

11.1
15.5
45.0
3.6

15.9
44.0
3.5

13.0

12.6

28.4

27.9

17.2

17.5

1.4
.5
15.2
2.2
8.3
5.8

1.3
.6

.9

15.6
2.1
8.0
5.7
.8

1.6
.8

1.5

54,509
100.0

45,179
100.0

45,189
100.0

27.8
11.6

20.9
3.1
12.1
5.7

27.8
15.1
12.7
20.5
3.1
12.0
5.3

28.6
12.1
16.5
44.8
3.5

8.8

9.2
2.7
6.5

3.8
2.4

6.1
4.0
3.6
2.7

2.6
6.1
19.9
19.6
7.6
6.4
5.7
3.7

11,798
100.0

11,605
100.0

5,738
100.0

15.9
7.0
8.9
28.9
3.0
7.6

16.6
7.3
9.2

13.4
6.4
7.0

28.3
3.0
7.3
18.1
23.8
1.5
2.7
19.6
8.7

15.9
2.3
5.9
7.7

.9

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

14.1
32.0
3.3
12.7
16.0
12.0
.6
1.6
9.8
11.9
14.3
6.6

3.9

14.4
31.5
3.3
12.5
15.7
12.3
.5
1.7

10.1
11.7
13.6

14.8
12.3

16.2
45.6
3.5
13.5

13.2

.9

28.2
16.1
1.1
.5
14.5
2.1
7.4
5.1
.8
1.5
1.0

5,701
100.0

6,060
100.0

5,904
100.0

14.8
7.7
7.2
16.8

18.3
7.6

18.3
7.0

10.6

11.2
39.5
3.3
8.6
27.5

19.7
18.8
6.9

6.6
5.3
4.0

28.6
15.9
1.2
.4

14.3
2.1
7.7
5.4
.9
1.4

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing




18.2

22.0
1.5
2.7
17.8
9.5
22.2
9.1
5.8
7.2
1.6

21.5
9.1
6.4
6.0
1.1

17.9
4.3
13.6
16.6
33.2
10.0
10.8
12.4
3.1

2.6
5.9
8.3
19.1
.1
4.3
14.8

15.3
31.8

9.6
11.9
10.3
2.1

41.2
3.8
9.2
28.2
25.9
3.0
1.1
21.8
2.9
11.7
8.2
1.1
2.3
.1

28.2
2.8
1.2
24.2
2.3
11.6
8.7
1.1
1.8
.2

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
February 1991
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers

Total
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

103,542
5,107
1,902
3,205
11,438
30,128
27,583
17,371
9,441
5,786
3,655
2,475

885
121
83
39
108
138
151
154
129
V
68
61
84

18,041
313
74
239
1,105
4,334
5,846
3,892
2,062
1,340
723
489

84,615
4,672
1,745
2,928
10,225
25,657
21,585
13,324
7,250
4,378
2,871
1,902

8,610
49
21
28
237
1,964
2,554
1,898
1,286
722
565
622

214
4
3
1
12
28
54
62
37
22
16

1,368
112
44
68
204
449
281
163
119
59
61
41

1,306
14
6
8
43
251
319
246
261
119
142
172

112
17
9
8
7
27
22
17
17
11
6
6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

54,532
2,501
936
1,565
5,801
16,200
14,484
9,133
5,175
3,155
2,020
1,237

99
15
8
7
24
21
10
16
8
7
1
4

8,248
123
32
91
512
1,934
2,603
1,824
1,005
653
352
247

46,185
2,364
897
1,467
5,265
14,244
11,870
7,293
4,163
2,495
1,667

5,552
27
9
18
136
1,230
1,637
1,215
884
486
398
423

25
4
2
1
9
4
1

1,050
96
36
60
168
342
201
124
89
41
49
29

1,090
14
6
8
35
211
259
200
215
98
117
156

47
14
9
5
5
19
5
3

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,010
2,606
965
1,640
5,636
13,928
13,099
8,237
4,266
2,631
'1,634
1,238

786
106
75
31
83
116
141
138
121
61
60
80

9,793
191
42
148
593
2,399
3,243
2,068
1,058
687
371
242

38,431
2,309
848
1,461
4,960
11,413
9,715
6,031
3,087
1,883
1,204
916

3,059
22
12
10
101
733
918
683
402
235
167
199

188

318
15
7
8
36
106
79
39
30
18
12
12

215

65
2

30



2
7

4
24
53
62
36
22
14
9

8
40
60
46
45
20
25
16

2
2
8
17
14
17
11
6
4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
February 1991
Technical, sales, and T

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
,
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries ..
Professional services...
Public administration

administrative
support

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminiscians
trative Private
ployed
Profestrative,
Other
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
specialty related
including hold
manasupport
clerical
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producoperHandlers, forestry,
Transportion,
and
ators,
equipment
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

2,786
764
6,680
20,384
11,876
8,508

103
99
933
2,565
1,465
1,101

85
75
127
1,802
1,200
603

23
49
57
835
569
266

18
12
57
700
295
405

82
86
418
2,226
1,257
969

12
15
24
402
228
174

68
257
3,830
3,865
2,587
1,278

16
21
119
6,119
3,326
2,793

30
133
481
759
362
397

12
17
629
1,007
507
500

2,335
2
5
104
80
23

8,088
23,618
4,577
19,042

1,007
2,112
532
1,580

489
447
76
371

314
154
43
111

310
9,791
1,894
7,897

2,114
2,376
769
1,607

221
4,256
40
4,216

1,265
1,432
291
1,141

115
309
142
167

1,826
962
434
528

418
1,764
348
1,416

10
15
8
7

7,856
39,447
889
38,558
25,846
5,527

2,053
4,860
2
4,859
2,712
1,273

257
12,073
5
12,068
10,707
767

122 1,842
2,042
998
3
2
2,039
996
1,651
203
208
34

3,032
6,481
5
6,476
4,688
1,466

269
8,346
69
8,277
4,805
1,375

169
1,922
22
1,900
402
245

18

20
546
6
541
322
52

16
445
12
433
100
44

58
296
24
272
69
27

741
741

697
187
36

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a Job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Paid absences
Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,644
1,683
1,500
217
20
1,223

4,475
1,628
1,418
195
22
1,212

4,500
1,650
1,467
193
19
1,172

4,326
1,584
1,388
171
22
1,161

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,410
882
814
713

2,301
865
690
746

2,294
853
786
655

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,234
801
687
746

2,175
763
728
684

2,206
796
682
728

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




Unpaid absences

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

Feb.
1990

Feb.
1991

1,978
1,110
579

1,852
1,035
578

1,918
363
747

1,810
352
691

ft
ft

2,179
831
672
677

289
1,062
609
335
117

2,147
753
716
678

915
501
243
172

ft
ft

Q
ft

ft

808

767

937
579
279
79

859
155
360
344

808
147
320
341

913
455
299
159

1,058
207
387
465

1,001
205
371
426

239

3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of Industry
February 1991

Total, 16 years and over
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

:

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work
s
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

110,676

2,636

108,040

100.0

100.0

100.0

28,432
828
4,930
13,950
8,724

818
54
183
413
167

27,614
773
4,747
13,537
8,557

25.7
.7
4.5
12.6
7.9

31.0
2.0
6.9
15.7
6.3

25.6
.7
4.4
12.5
7.9

82,245
7,102
43,998
31,144
11,118
11,499
8,527

1,819
132
549
1,138
207
394
537

80,426
6,971
43,449
30,006
10,911
11,105
7,990

74.3
6.4
39.8
28.1
10.0
10.4
7.7

69.0
5.0
20.8
43.2
7.9
14.9
20.4

74.4
6.5
40.2
27.8
10.1
10.3
7.4

38.8
43.4

41.5
48.9

38.7
43.2

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of Industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32.



Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

28,432

9,137

19,295

27,614

8,810

18,804

6,092
3,574
57
142
78
2,240

2,576
2,298
57
142
78
-

3,516
1,276
_
2,240

5,849
3,371
56
136
76
2,210

2,430
2,162
56
136
76
-

3,419
1,209
2,210

22,339
13,048
1,273
1,909
717
4
1,151
1,831
2,407

6,560
_
1,273
1,773
717
4
1,151
1,642

15,779
13,048
_
136
_
_
1,831
765

21,765
12,802
1,258
1,882
642
4
1,150
1,779
2,249

6,380
_
1,258
1,752
642
4
1,150
1,575

15,385
12,802
130
1,779
674

22.8
21.3

25.0
26.6

21.2
19.1

22.9
21.4

25.1
26.7

21.2
19.1

2,161
6,562

1,246
3,688

915
2,874

2,092
6,465

1,187
3,630

905
2,835

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

56,800

10,911

19,095

38.7

43.2

80,816

53,999

10,289

16,528

38.6

42.9

17

670

362

89

219

45.5

46.5

462

202

4,332

3,115

448

769

39.1

41.8

19,290
11,294
7,997

782
394
388

591
259
333

17,916
10,640
7,276

11,771
7,063
4,707

2,750
1,632
1,118

3,396
1,945
1,451

41.7
41.9
41.4

43.0
42.9
43.2

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,399
21,062
7,011

204
1,739
133

412
5,051
690

6,783
14,273
6,188

4,379
8,730
4,344

933
2,081
733

1,472
3,462
1,111

41.8
36.3
39.6

43.6
43.9
42.1

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

34,080
856
33,225
5,304

1,685
165
1,519
52

6,784
363
6,421
210

25,612
328
25,284
5,042

17,466
230
17,237
3,833

2,827
34
2,793
429

5,319
64
5,255
780

36.9
26.2
37.2
40.6

42.7
43.6
42.7
41.7

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

7,987
214

775
8

1,348
79

5,864
126

2,727
74

612
10

2,525
42

39.9
35.9

47.5
45.6

On full-time schedules

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part time

108,040

5,849

15,385

86,806

99,840

5,066

13,957

696

9

4,997

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Industry

Total
at
work

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




Total

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagrlcultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991

Total

Sex, age, race, and marital status

at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

56,800

30,006

1,011
112
899
55,789

287
14
273

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years

108,040
5,005
1,858
3,147

5,849
431
55

60,116
28,722
2,837

376
5,418
983
4,435
2,994
1,284
157

57,930
2,444
906

2,903
203
26

1,538
55,485

178
2,700

5,794
49,691
32,509
15,680
1,503

536
2,163
1,554
529
80

50,110
2,561
951
1,610
47,549
5,566
41,983
27,607
13,041
1,334

2,946
227
30
198
2,718

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

93,325
50,574
42,751

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

103,034
11,360
91,675

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over

20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years

15,385
3,277
1,678
1,600

12,107
2,397
9,711
5,370
2,977
1,364
4,559
1,500
813
687

3,059
1,037
2,023
780

589
654
10,826
1,777
864
913
9,048
1,360
7,688

86,806
1,298
125

1,172
85,509
7,980
77,529
51,752
24,461
1,316
50,468
741
68

673
49,727
4,221

45,506
30,175
14,562
769
36,339
557
58
499

29,720

5,826

2,154

49,964
32,925
16,066
971

27,565

29,619
564
63
502
29,055

20,849
177
5
172
20,672

2,887
26,168

1,334
19,338

17,067

13,108

8,587
515

5,975
254

27,181
447

9,157
110

49

9
101
9,047

398
26,735
2,939

18,827

8,395
344

4,590

35,782
3,759
32,023
21,576

2,388
710

9,899
546

23,796
15,859
7,479
456

4,871
2,483
2,388

13,854
4,012
9,843

74,600
44,079
30,521

47,337
25,010
22,327

27,263
19,069

11,036
5,367
5,669

783
335
448

1,109
379
729

9,144
4,653
4,491

7,290
3,468
3,822

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

37,169
6,009
14,752

1,325
426

1,152

1,379
260
2,920

34,464
5,323
10,680

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

27,761
10,059
12,290

1,410
681
855

6,124
1,330
3,372

20,227
8,049
8,064

45 to 64 years
65 years and over

447
2,272
1,441
754
78

820
8,228
5,717
2,420

90

38.7
22.4
15.9
26.3
39.5
35.3
40.0
40.5
40.2
28.9

43.2
39.7
36.6
40.1
43.3
41.6
43.5
43.5
43.5
42.0

41.6
23.8
16.6
28.1
42.3
36.6
43.0
43.5
43.2
30.9

44.7
40.2

35.4
21.1
15.2
24.5
36.2
33.9
36.5
36.9
36.6
26.6

O
40.6
44.8
42.5
45.0

45.1
44.9
43.2
41.2
39.1

0
39.3
41.2
40.6
41.3

41.3
41.4
40.4

RACE
38.8
41.7
35.3

43.5
44.9
41.3

1,855
1,185

38.0
39.9
36.1

41.5
42.7
40.2

19,337
3,155
7,127

15,128
2,168
3,553

43.5
41.9
36.6

45.2
44.5
43.3

15,367
5,877
5,937

4,859
2,172
2,127

35.5
37.6
33.4

41.0
41.5
41.4

8,194

MARITAL STATUS

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

34



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1991
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours, on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work schedhours
or more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty....
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective seryjce
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On
On part
voluntime for
tary
economic
part
reasons
time

Total

40
hours
or less

107,993

5,846

15,382

86,765

56,660

10,929

19,176

38.7

43.3

30,013
14,478
15,535
34,678
3,700
13,284
17,694
15,020
717
1,926
12,378
12,484
15,797
7,126
4,503
4,168

629
259
369
1,512
80
824
608
1,511
129
48
1,335
905
1,291
535
274
482

2,830
720
2,110
6,384
415
2,807
3,162
4,247
320
186
3,741
452
1,470
269
417
784

26,554
13,498
13,056
26,783
3,205
9,654
13,924
9,263
268
1,692
7,302
11,128
13,037
6,322
3,812
2,903

14,760
7,011
7,748
18,654
2,263
5,201
11,190
6,814
190
1,038
5,586
7,446
4,657
2,135
2,194

3,352
1,702
1,650
3,184
410
1,288
1,487
972
28
227
717
1,567
1,854
919
557
377

8,443
4,785
3,657
4,944
533
3,165
1,247
1,476
50
427
999
2,115
2,197
746
1,120
332

42.1
44.2
40.2
37.3
39.7
38.4
35.9
33.5
25.8
41.9
32.6
40.5
39.1
39.8
41.7
35.0

45.1
45.9
44.2
42.3
42.5
45.4
40.1
42.3
43.7
45.0
41.6
42.7
42.7
41.7
45.5
41.4

57,776

2,897

4,534

50,345

29,440

6,768

14,138

41.6

44.8

16,140
8,660
7,480
12,271
1,922
6,909
3,440
6,145
32
1,651
4,462
11,396
11,823
4,276
4,120
3,427

325
175
150
379
28
248
103
501
12
43
446
831
861
241
256
365

735
253
481
1,285
108
727
450
1,221
9
133
1,079
302
991
115
265
612

15,081
8,232
6,849
10,608
1,786
5,934
2,887
4,423
11
1,476
2,936
10,263
9,971
3,921
3,600
2,451

7,148
3,591
3,557
5,835
1,172
2,623
2,041
3,107
8
888
2,211
6,783
6,567
2,748
1,996
1,823

1,878
1,055
823
1,484
241
851
391
472
1
186
284
1,456
1,478
619
530
330

6,055
3,586
2,469
3,288
373
2,461
455
844
1
402
441
2,025
1,926
555
1,073
298

45.2
46.4
43.8
41.7
41.9
43.5
38.1
36.7

47.0
47.7
46.2
45.2
43.6
47.4
41.7
43.4

0

0

50,217

2,950

10,848

36,419

27,220

4,161

5,038

42.8
34.5
40.8
39.9
40.9
42.5
35.5
35.4

45.6
42.4
42.9
43.4
42.4
45.6
41.6
41.2

13,872
5,817
8,055
22,407
1,778
6,375
14,254
8,876
685
274
7,916
1,088
3,974
2,850
383
741

304
84
220
1,133
52
575
506
1,010
117
5
888
74
430
295
18
117

2,095
466
1,629
5,099
307
2,080
2,712
3,026
312
53
2,661
150
478
155
152
172

11,473
5,267
6,207
16,175
1,419
3,720
11,036
4,840
257
217
4,366
865
3,066
2,401
213
453

7,612
3,420
4,192
12,818
1,091
2,579
9,149
3,707
182
150
3,375
664
2,419
1,909
139
371

1,474
647
827
1,701
169
437
1,095
501
26
42
433
111
375
301
27
48

2,388
1,199
1,188
1,656
160
704
792
632
49
25
559
90
272
191
47
34

38.6
41.0
36.9
34.8
37.3
33.0
35.4
31.3
25.9
36.0
31.6
36.7
36.6
38.1
33.4
32.7

42.5
43.1
42.0
40.4
41.2
42.3
39.7
41.2
43.6
41.5
41.0
40.8
40.7
40.5
43.3
40.2

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstltutlonal population, Including Armed forces stationed In the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1991

1990
Employment status and sex
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

189,090
126,331
66.8
119,752
63.3
1,678
118,074

189,198 189,326 189,467 189,607 189,763 189,901 190,002 190,095 190,312 190,483 190,592 190,717
126,467 126,438 126,578 126,427 126,336 126,345 126,571 126,445 126,338 126,791 126,253 126,678
66.4
66.2
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.8
66.5
66.6
66.8
119,904 119,747 119,916 119,867 119,509 119,330 119,484 119,303 119,001 119,191 118,537 118,520
62.1
62.2
62.6
62.5
62.8
62.9
63.2
63.3
63.2
62.8
63.0
63.4
1,657

1,639

1,630

1,627

1,640

1,601

1,570

1,615

1,617

1,615

1,602

118,235 118,090 118,277 118,237 117,882 117,690 117,883 117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922 116,918

3,119 3,197 3,140 3,286 3,279 3,108 3,152 3,194 3,175 3,185 3,253 3,163 3,222
114,955 115,038 114,950 114,991 114,958 114,774 114,538 114,689 114,558 114,201 114,321 113,759 113,696
6,579 6,563 6,691 6,662 6,560 6,827 7,015 7,087 7,142 7,337 7,600 7,715 8,158
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.2
62,759 62,731 62,888 62,889 63,180 63,427 63,556 63,431 63,650 63,974 63,692 64,339 64,039

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces .
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

90,822 90,874 90,942 91,014 91,087 91,168
69,523
76.4
76.3
66,086 66,104 66,035 66,061 65,964 65,728
72.4
72.6
72.6
72.1
72.8
72.7
1,506 1,497 1,499 1,472 1,465 1,462
64,580 64,607 64,536 64,589 64,499 64,266
3,562 3,563 3,662 3,668 3,645 3,795
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.1
21,174 21,207 21,245 21,285 21,478 21,645

91,240 91,271 91,299 91,440
69,552 69,814 69,804 69,899
76.2
76.4
76.5
76.5
65,663 65,853 65,822 65,790
72.0
72.2
71.9
72.1
1,475
1,441 1,414 1,453
64,188 64,412 64,408 64,337
3,982 4,109
3,889 3,961
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.7
21,688 21,457 21,495 21,541

91,537 91,590 91,650
70,058 69,543 69,749
76.1
75.9
76.5
65,781 65,251 65,043
71.0
71.2
71.9
1,439
1,454
1,453
64,327 63,798 63,604
4,277 4,292 4,706
6.7
6.2
6.1

98,268 98,324 98,383 98,453 98,520 98,595
56,683 56,800 56,741 56,849 56,818 56,813
57.7
57.7
57.6
57.7
57.7
57.8
53,666 53,800 53,712 53,855 53,903 53,781
54.5
54.7
54.6
54.7
54.7
54.6
172
172
165
167
165
158
53,494 53,628 53,554 53,688 53,738 53,616
3,017 3,000 3,029 2,994 2,915 3,032
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.3
5.3
41,585 41,524 41,642 41,604 41,702 41,782

98,661 98,731 98,796 98,872
56,793 56,757 56,641 56,439
57.1
57.5
57.3
57.6
53,667 53,631 53,481 53,211
53.8
54.1
54.4
54.3
162
156
160
165
53,502 53,471 53,325 53,049
3,126
3,126 3,160 3,228
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
41,868 41,974 42,155 42,433

98,946 99,002 99,067
56,733 56,710 56,929
57.3
57.5
57.3
53,410 53,287 53,477
53.8
54.0
54.0
162
163
163
53,247 53,125 53,314
3,323 3,423 3,452
6.1
6.0
5.9
42,213 42,292 42,138

69,648 69,667 69,697 69,729
76.6
76.6
76.7
76.7

21,479 22,047 21,901

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36



Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1991

1990

Employment status,
sex, and age -

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
wnofTipioyocI •••••«••«•••••••••••••••• ••
Unemployment rate

••

187,412
124,653
66.5
118,074
63.0
6,579
5.3

187,529
124,798
66.5
118,235
63.0
6,563
5.3

187,669
124,781
66.5
118,090
62.9
6,691
5.4

89,316
68,142
76.3
64,580
72.3
2,471
62,109
3,562
5.2
21,174

89,377
68,170
76.3
64,607
72.3
2,497
62,110
3,563
5.2
21,207

89,443
68,198
76.2
64,536
72.2
2,435
62,101
3,662
5.4
21,245

89,542
68,257
76.2
64,589
72.1
2,562
62,027
3,668
5.4
21,285

82,248
64,111
77.9
61,160
74.4
2,262
58,898
2,951
4.6
18,137

82,378
64,154
77.9
61,202
74.3
2,275
58,927
2,952
4.6
18,224

82,487
64,188
77.8
61,152
74.1
2,272
58,880
3,036
4.7
18,299

98,096
56,511
57.6
53,494
54.5
648
52,846
3,017
5.3
41,585

98,152
56,628
57.7
53,628
54.6
700
52,928
3,000
5.3
41,524

91,157
52,822
57.9
50,340
55.2
609
49,731
2,482
4.7
38,335

14,008
7,720
55.1
6,574
46.9
248
6,326
1,146
14.8
6.288

187,828 187,977
124,939 124,797
66.5
66.4
118,277 118,237
63.0
62.9
6,662
6,560
5.3
5.3

188,401 188,525 188,697 188,866 188,977
124,970 124,875 124,723 125,174 124,638
66.3
66.0
66.1
66.3
66.2
117,883 117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922
62.2
62.3
61.9
62.6
62.4
7,337
7,600
7,715
7,087
7,142
6.2
5.9
6.1
5.7
5.7

189,115
125,076
66.1
116,918
61.8
8,158
6.5

68,390
76.1
64,408
71.7
2,504
61,904
3,982
5.8
21,495

89,987
68,446
76.1
64,337
71.5
2,518
61,819
4,109
6.0
21,541

90,083
68,604
76.2
64,327
71.4
2,572
61,755
4,277
6.2
21,479

90,137
68,090
75.5
63,798
70.8
2,466
61,331
4,292
6.3
22,047

90,211
68,310
75.7
63,604
70.5
2,520
61,084
4,706
6.9
21,901

82,940
64,572
77.9
61,248
73.8
2,299
58,949
3,324
5.1
18,368

83,013
64,594
77.8
61,245
73.8
2,283
58,962
3,349
5.2
18,419

83,092
64,682
77.8
61,217
73.7
2,307
58,910
3,465
5.4
18,410

83,208
64,803
77.9
61,188
73.5
2,365
58,823
3,615
5.6
18,405

83,271
64,345
77.3
60,734
72.9
2,289
58,445
3,611
5.6
18,926

83,392
64,577
77.4
60,533
72.6
2,315
58,217
4,044
6.3
18,815

98,496
56,628
57.5
53,502
54.3
675
52,827
3,126
5.5
41,868

98,571
56,597
57.4
53,471
54.2
682
52,789
3,126
5.5
41,974

98,640
56,485
57.3
53,325
54.1
671
52,654
3,160
5.6
42,155

98,710
56,277
57.0
53,049
53.7
667
52,382
3,228
5.7
42,433

98,783
56,570
57.3
53,247
53.9
681
52,566
3,323
5.9
42,213

98,840
56,548
57.2
53,125
53.7
697
52,428
3,423
6.1
42,292

98,904
56,766
57.4
53,314
53.9
703
52,611
3,452
6.1
42,138

91,581
53,155
58.0
50,637
55.3
586
50,051
2,518
4.7
38,426

91,688
53,255
58.1
50,649
55.2
634
50,015
2,606
4.9
38,433

91,765
53,129
57.9
50,504
55.0
633
49,871
2,625
4.9
38,636

91,857
53,047
57.7
50,423
54.9
628
49,795
2,624
4.9
38,810

91,963
52,896
57.5
50,196
54.6
627
49,569
2,700
5.1
39,067

92,042
53,182
57.8
50,389
54.7
647
49,742
2,793
5.3
38,860

92,139
53,097
57.6
50,300
54.6
664
49,636
2,797
5.3
39,042

92,198
53,284
57.8
50,404
54.7
675
49,728
2,881
5.4
38,914

13,764
7,223
52.5
6,083
44.2
243
5,840
1,140
15.8
6,541

13,711
7,031
51.3
5,867
42.8
252
5,615
1,164
16.6
6,680

13,696
7,269
53.1
6,131
44.8
262
5,869
1,138
15.7
6,427

13,655
7,234
53.0
6,065
44.4
264
5,801
1,169
16.2
6,421

13,642
7,145
52.4
5,973
43.8
251
5,722
1,172
16.4
6,497

13,616
7,189
52.8
5,997
44.0
241
5,756
1,192
16.6
6,427

13,567
7,196
53.0
5,889
43.4
211
5,678
1,307
18.2
6,371

13,525
7,215
53.3
5,982
44.2
232
5,750
1,233
17.1
6,310

188,136
124,709
66.3
117,882
62.7
6,827
5.5

188,261
124,705
66.2
117,690
62.5
7,015
5.6

89,622
68,144
76.0
64,499
72.0
2,571
61,928
3,645
5.3
21,478

89,706
68,061
75.9
64,266
71.6
2,478
61,788
3,795
5.6
21,645

89,765
68,077
75.8
64,188
71.5
2,477
61,711
3,889
5.7
21,688

89,830
68,373
76.1
64,412
71.7
2,512
61,900
3,961
5.8
21,457

82,581
64,313
77.9
61,276
74.2
2,374
58,902
3,037
4.7
18,268

82,676
64,342
77.8
61,294
74.1
2,369
58,925
3,048
4.7
18,334

82,790
64,331
77.7
61,162
73.9
2,279
58,883
3,169
4.9
18,459

82,862
64,419
77.7
61,174
73.8
2,266
58,908
3,245
5.0
18,443

98,225
56,583
57.6
53,554
54.5
705
52,849
3,029
5.4
41,642

98,286
56,682
57.7
53,688
54.6
724
52,964
2,994
5.3
41,604

98,355
56,653
57.6
53,738
54.6
708
53,030
2,915
5.1
41,702

98,430
56,648
57.6
53,616
54.5
630
52,986
3,032
5.4
41,782

91,237
52,837
57.9
50,368
55.2
650
49,718
2,469
4.7
38,400

91,330
52,943
58.0
50,424
55.2
658
49,766
2,519
4.8
38,387

91,414
53,075
58.1
50,613
55.4
664
49,949
2,462
4.6
38,339

91,495
53,107
58.0
50,675
55.4
661
50,014
2,432
4.6
38,388

13,914
7,807
56.1
6,665
47.9
272
6,393
1,142
14.6
6,107

13,852
7,650
55.2
6,514
47.0
210
6,304
1,136
14.8
6,202

13,832
7,551
54.6

13,806
7,348
53.2
6,268
45.4
249
6,019
1,080
14.7
6,458

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
T population
iMmimiiHU

••••••••••

cmptoyrnern-popuiauon r&uOr
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
wHOfTiplOyOQ •..•••••.•..•......•••••••••••

Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
iNonagncufturai industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

,

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




46.2
248
6,140
1,163
15.4
6,281

Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonal population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1991

1990
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb,

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

160,007 160,076 160,170 160,271 160,365 160,468 160,550 160,640 160,717 160,831 160,942 161,007 161,097
107,090 107,103 107,090 107,223 107,184 107,196 107,166 107,391 107,277 107,048 107,517 106,962 107,432
66.7
66.4
66.9
66.9
66.9
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.8
66.9
66.8
66.7
66.9
102,145 102,208 102,088 102,293 102,332 102,189 101,996 102,192 102,017 101,648 101,843 101,104 101,141
62.8
62.8
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.2
63.5
63.7
63.8
63.7
63.3
63.5
63.6
4,945 4,895 5,002 4,930 4,852 5,007 5,170
5,260 5,400 5,674 5,858 6,291
5,199
5.9
5.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.7
5.3
4.8
4.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

55,830 55,841 55,816 55,872 55,890 55,909 56,040 56,119 56,123 56,174 56,307 55,836 56,000
78.4
77.8
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.4
77.6
78.3
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.3
53,558 53,587 53,495 53,593 53,611 53,566 53,601 53,675 53,615 53,564 53,497 53,010 52,801
73.3
75.2
73.7
74.6
74.9
74.9
75.0
75.1
75.3
74.4
74.8
74.9
75.0
2,508 2,610
2,343 2,439
2,279
2,279
2,272 2,254 2,321
2,810 2,826 3,198
2,444
5.7
4.2
4.0
5.1
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
5.0
4.5
4.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

44,634 44,595 44,733 44,861 44,982 45,039 45,060 44,984 44,918 44,711 44,995 44,888 45,211
57.8
57.5
57.4
57.2
57.8
57.8
57.6
57.7
57.6
57.6
57.7
57.8
57.5
42,822 42,820 42,911 43,086 43,200 43,229 43,194 43,101 43,032 42,768 43,001 42,841 43,019
55.0
55.4
55.2
54.8
54.8
55.5
55.4
55.0
55.1
55.5
55.2
55.2
55.3
2,047 2,192
1,943
1,866
1,994
1,886
1,810
1,782
1,775
1,812 •1,775
1,883
1,822
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,626
58.8
5,765
51.2
861
13.0
13.1
12.9

6,667
59.4
5,801
51.7
866
13.0
13.3
12.6

6,541
58.6
5,682
50.9
859
13.1
13.8
12.3

6,490
58.2
5,614
50.4
876
13.5
14.1
12.9

6,312
56.8
5,521
49.7
791
12.5
13.4
11.6

6,248
56.4
5,394
48.7
854
13.7
14.9
12.4

6,066
54.9
5,201
47.1
865
14.3
15.4
13.1

6,288
57.1
5,416
49.2
872
13.9
15.0
12.6

6,236
56.9
5,370
49.0
866
13.9
14.7
13.0

6,163
56.3
5,316
48.6
847
13.7
14.9
12.5

6,215
57.0
5,345
49.0
870
14.0
14.9
13.0

6,238
57.4
5,253
48.3
985
15.8
15.8
15.8

6,222
57.5
5,321
49.2
901
14.5
15.4
13.4

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,188 21,211 21,228 21,261 21,289 21,318 21,337 21,361 21,383 21,417 21,448 21,470 21,493
13,464 13,540 13,534 13,570 13,488 13,406 13,401 13,476 13,493 13,550 13,486 13,501 13,421
62.4
62.9
62.9
63.3
63.1
63.1
62.8
63.8
62.9
63.4
63.8
63.5
63.8
12,026 12,092 12,098 12,128 12,044 11,884 11,838 11,869 11,913 11,897 11,836 11,866 11,839
55.1
55.3
55.2
55.5
55.7
55.6
55.5
55.7
57.0
56.6
57.0
57.0
56.8
1,582
1,635
1,650
1,653
1,580
1,607
1,522
1,563
1,448
1,4
1,436
1,442
1,438
11.8
12.1
12.2
12.2
11.7
11.7
11.9
11.4
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.6
10.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,195
73.6
5,605
66.6
590
9.5

6,221
73.5
5,620
66.4
601
9.7

6,233
73.6
5,628
66.5
605
9.7

6,247
73.6
5,653
66.6
594
* 9.5

6,298
74.1
5,688
66.9
610
9.7

6,292
73.9
5,618
65.9
674
10.7

6,260
73.4
5,594
65.6
666
10.6

6,324
74.1
5,597
65.5
727
11.5

6,339
74.1
5,635
65.9
704
11.1

6,348
74.3
5,638
66.0
710
11.2

6,359
74.1
5,664
66.0
695
10.9

6,313
73.5
5,602
65.2
712
11.3

6,366
73.9
5,649
65.6
717
11.3

6,414
60.6
5,813
54.9
601
9.4

6,434
60.7
5,843
55.2
591
9.2

6,434
60.6
5,843
55.1
591
9.2

6,486
61.1
5,888
55.4
598
9.2

6,377
59.9
5,797
54.5
580
9.1

6,336
59.5
5,738
53.9
598
9.4

6,358
59.6
5,733
53.7
625
9.8

6,362
59.5
5,716
53.5
646
10.2

6,345
59.3
5,728
53.5
617
9.7

6,365
59.4
5,717
53.3
648
10.2

6,339
59.0
5,668
52.8
671
10.6

6,374
59.3
5,738
53.4
636
10.0

6,286
58.4
5,694
52.9
593
9.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38



HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1990
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

1991
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

855
39.1
608
27.8
247
28.9
29.2
28.5

885
41.1
629
29.2
256
28.9
30.5
27.3

867
40.3
627
29.1
240
27.7
28.9
26.4

837
38.9
587
27.3
250
29.9
31.6
28.1

813
37.9
559
26.0
254
31.2
35.2
27.1

778
36.3
528
24.6
250
32.1
33.1
31.1

783
36.6
511
23.9
272
34.7
36.7
32.7

790
37.0
556
26.0
234
29.6
31.4
27.6

809
38.0
550
25.8
259
32.0
31.3
32.7

837
38.9
542
25.2
295
35.2
33.2
37.5

788
36.9
504
23.6
284
36.0
36.4
35.6

814
38.4
526
24.8
288
35.4
34.6
36.1

769
36.4
497
23.5
272
35.4
35.5
35.2

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1.
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

14,119 14,159 14,198 14,238 14,277 14,317 14,356 14,396 14,435 14,474 14,514 14,553 14,593
9,638 9,665 9,632 9,580 9,500 9,569 9,675 9,578
9,440 9,565 9,600 9,627 9,618
65.6
66.5
67.3
67.4
67.6
66.9
66.4
67.3
67.6
67.6
65.9
66.9
65.6
8,694 8,826 8,843 8,883 8,919 8,875 8,904 8,809 8,793 8,683 8,676 8,779 8,664
59.4
60.3
62.0
62.5
62.4
61.6
62.0
62.3
62.3
59.8
60.0
60.9
61.2
914
744
746
896
761
763
699
757
739
817
787
893
823
7.9
9.5
9.3
.7.9
7.3
7.7
7.9
7.7
7.9
9.3
8.6
8.2
8.5

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1991

1990
Category
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

CHARACTERISTIC

Total
Married men, spouse present ....
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families ...

118,074 118,235 118,090 118,277 118,237 117,882 117,690 117,883 117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922 116,918
41,256 40,942 40,769 40,854 40,626 40,601 40,661 40,833 40,833 40,844 40,728 40,316 40,482
29,727 29,676 29,742 29,987 29,828 29,862 29,869 29,797 29,789 29,713 29,776 29,599 29,680
6,384
6,432 6,376 6,372
6,386
6,367
6,354 6,341
6,324
6,348
6,390
6,376

OCCUPATION

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

30,587 30,514 30,318 30,490 30,735 30,758 30,913 30,572 30,714 30,732 30,777 30,699 31,093
37,053
15,379
13,724
17,903
3,314

37,104
15,647
13,750
17,715
3,413

37,010
15,736
13,761
17,729
3,328

37,335
15,693
13,707
17,762
3,423

36,678
15,894
13,595
17,838
3,513

36,499
15,917
13,697
17,698
3,384

36,009
15,847
13,586
17,852
3,448

36,541
15,889
13,604
17,814
3,449

36,447
15,880
13,547
17,858
3,376

36,380
15,861
13,428
17,752
3,360

36,242
15,904
13,524
17,695
3,436

36,360
15,746
13,399
17,227
3,437

36,100
15,773
13,333
16,997
3,499

1,617
1,389
116

1,637
1,446
115

1,647
1,430
112

1,693
1,463
104

1,685
1,479
107

1,665
1,382
100

1,705
1,364
97

1,752
1,293
108

1,714
1,350
99

1,681
1,386
116

1,671
1,473
102

1,603
1,396
157

1,629
1,448
168

106,056
17,656
88,400
1,029
87,371
8,655
315

105,992
17,732
88,260
1,011
87,249
8,809
253

105,897
17,800
88,097
984
87,113
8,713
255

106,176
18,050
88,126
964
87,162
8,765
244

105,893
17,832
88,061
1,039
87,022
8,756
239

105,783
17,785
87,998
1,003
86,995
8,725
258

105,627
17,798
87,829
1,021
86,808
8,646
236

105,686
17,597
88,089
1,067
87,022
8,809
238

105,384
17,694
87,690
1,017
86,673
8,859
250

105,267
17,633
87,634
992
86,642
8,800
255

105,095
17,640
87,455
1,013
86,442
8,896
238

104,698
17,680
87,018
967
86,051
8,738
232

104,569
17,792
86,777
953
85,824
8,876
239

INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

6,062
5,510
5,409
5,438 5,581
5,092 5,301
5,001
4,865 4,942 4,853 4,859 5,022
2,663 2,786 2,928 2,908 3,252
2,658
2,570 2,491
2,318 2,420
2,406 2,443 2,501
2,401
2,153 2,408 2,344 2,340 2,302 2,214
2,184
2,120
2,130
2,140
2,095 2,207
15,371 15,427 15,256 15,557 15,190 15,263 15,317 15,250 15,129 15,048 15,081 14,833 14,971

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,803
5,262 5,178
5,163
5,135
4,669 4,708 4,680 4,689 4,745 4,780 4,830 5,051
2,290
2,482 2,467 2,625 2,742 2,692 3,067
2,183
2,399
2,252 2,246 2,306 2,297
2,349
2,262 2,218 2,133
2,084
2,333 2,281
2,138 2,061
2,093 2,045 2,136 2,102
14,921 14,951 14,841 15,002 14,668 14,853 14,861 14,823 14,715 14,658 14,650 14,461 14,528

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey

40



period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1991

1990
Sex and age
Feb.
Total, 16 years and over ...

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Men, 16 years and over ....

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

118,074 118,235 118,090 118,277 118,237 117,882 117,690 117,883 117,733 117,386 117,574 116,922 116,918

19,240 19,380 19,163 19,061 18,934 18,732 18,439
6,574 6,665 6,514 6,388 6,268 6,083 5,867
2,499 2,519 2,438 2,383 2,316 2,215 2,158
4,079 4,136 4,068 3,993 3,946 3,888 3,729
12,666 12,715 12,649 12,673 12,666 12,649 12,572
98,793 98,825 98,871 99,172 99,336 99,247 99,320
83,913 83,980 84,004 84,256 84,366 84,336 84,328
14,863 14,870 14,853 14,932 14,930 14,906 14,950

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Sept.

18,274
5,982

18,684 18,577 18,518 18,572 18,442
6,131
6,065 5,973 5,997 5,889
2,246 2,212 2,225 2,224 2,215
3,856 3,857 3,739 3,774 3,704
12,553 12,512 12,545 12,575 12,554
99,212 99,160 98,847 98,937 98,463
84,322 84,325 84,075 84,070 83,717
14,992 14,851 14,812 14,901 14,628

2,360
3,631

12,292
98,605
83,866
14,687

64,580 64,607 64,536 64,589 64,499 64,266 64,188 64,412 64,408 64,337 64,327 63,798 63,604

10,059 10,062 10,006 9,969 9,866 9,778 9,613 9,760 9,712 9,695 9,758 9,594 9,483
3,420 3,405 3,384 3,313 3,205 3,104 3,014 3,164 3,163 3,120 3,139 3,063 3,071
1,293 1,260 1,227 1,184 1,136 1,089 1,170 1,163 1,179 1,172 1,205 1,215
1,302
2,114 2,112 2,063 2,014 1,992 1,919 1,976 1,995 1,950 1,966 1,886 1,857
2,118
6,549 6,575 6,619 6,530 6,412
6,639 6,657 6,622 6,656 6,661 6,674 6,599
54,504 54,534 54,517 54,591 54,634 54,508 54,604 54,670 54,687 54,637 54,546 54,190 54,084
46,037 46,083 46,038 46,094 46,102 46,022 46,040 46,153 46,219 46,137 46,035 45,819 45,742
8,326
8,476 8,479 8,448 8,489 8,499 8,498 8,530 8,573 8,492 8,498 8,553 8,318

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

53,494 53,628 53,554 53,688 53,738 53,616 53,502 53,471 53,325 53,049 53,247 53,125 53,314
9,157 9,092 9,068 8,954 8,826 8,924 8,865 8,823 8,814 8,848 8,791
9,318
9,181
3,260 3,130 3,075 3,063 2,979 2,853
2,967 2,902 2,853 2,858 2,825 2,911
3,154
1,132
1,079 1,069 1,076 1,049 1,046 1,052 1,010 1,145
1,156
1,178
1,226
1,197
1,774
1,896
1,932
1,818
1,930
1,956
2,022
1,961
1,808
1,789
1,862
1,810
1,880
6,005 5,975 5,973 5,957 5,963 5,970 5,956 6,023 5,881
6,027 6,058 6,027 6,017
44,289 44,291 44,354 44,581 44,702 44,739 44,716 44,542 44,473 44,210 44,391 44,273 44,521
37,876 37,897 37,966 38,162 38,264 38,314 38,288 38,169 38,106 37,938 38,035 37,898 38,124
6,405 6,443 6,431 6,408 6,420 6,419 6,359 6,314 6,348 6,310 6,361
6,387 6,391

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1991

1990
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,.

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over



Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

7,087

7,142

7,337

7,600

7,715

8,158

2,382
1,164
501
651
1,218
4,610
4,039
528

2,426
1,138
506
654
1,288
4,652
4,136
514

2,463
1,169
508
657
1,294
4,630
4,105
536

2,428
1,172
507
662
1,256
4,910
4,403
513

2,463
1,192
524
665
1,271
5,160
4,664
501

2,617
1,307
541
745
1,310
5,162
4,618
510

2,682
1,233
480
741
1,449
5,501
4,940
582

3,795

3,889

3,961

3,982

4,109

4,277

4,292

4,706

1,255
597
239
353
658
2,360
2,036
281

1,266
626
259
366
640
2,499
2,195
320

1,268
644
284
357
624
2,595
2,230
333

1,319
637
273
375
682
2,616
2,284
337

1,325
633
263
368
692
2,630
2,299
344

1,335
644
280
367
691
2,764
2,448
335

1,363
662
295
366
701
2,937
2,625
316

1,461
681
278
381
780
2,897
2,535
319

1,520
662
287
375
858
3,201
2,847
367

2,994

2,915

3,032

3,126

3,126

3,160

3,228

3,323

3,423

3,452

1,081
532
272
273
549
1,911
1,735
174

983
483
221
273
500
1,941
1,789
167

1,042
514
215
295
528
1,971
1,791
173

1,114
520
217
294
594
2,015
1,809
195

1,107
501
233
279
606
2,036
1,852
177

1,138
536
245
289
602
2,000
1,806
192

1,093
528
227
295
565
2,146
1,955
178

1,100
530
229
299
570
2,223
2,039
185

1,156
626
263
364
530
2,265
2,083
191

1,162
571
193
366
591
2,300
2,092
214

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

6,579

6,563

6,691

6,662

6,560

6,827

7,015

2,320
1,146
516
618
1,174
4,278
3,777
517

2,310
1,142
522
626
1,168
4,259
3,766
515

2,422
1,136
517
618
1,286
4,330
3,848
500

2,358
1,163
575
614
1,195
4,263
3,814
474

2,238
1,080
460
626
1,158
4,301
3,825
448

2,308
1,140
474
661
1,168
4,470
3,986
493

3,562

3,563

3,662

3,668

3,645

1,247
611
270
340
636
2,325
2,022
310

1,262
611
274
343
651
2,319
2,016
308

1,346
626
281
345
720
2,370
2,083
309

1,277
631
303
341
646
2,352
2,079
300

3,017

3,000

3,029

1,073
535
246
278
538
1,953
1,755
207

1,048
531
248
283
517
1,940
1,750
207

1,076
510
236
273
566
1,960
1,765
191

July

Aug.

Sept.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1991

1990
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

42



Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.2

6.5

10.8
14.8
17.1
13.2
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4

10.7
14.6
17.2
13.1
8.4
4.1
4.3
3.3

11.2
14.8
17.5
13.2
9.2
4.2
4.4
3.3

11.0
15.4
19.4
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.1

10.6
14.7
16.6
13.7
8.4
4.2
4.3
2.9

11.0
15.8
17.6
14.5
8.5
4.3
4.5
3.2

11.4
16.6
18.8
14.9
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.4

11.5
15.7
18.4
14.5
9.3
4.5
4.7
3.3

11.7
16.2
18.7
14.6
9.4
4.5
4.6
3.5

11.6
16.4
18.6
15.0
9.1
4.7
5.0
3.3

11.7
16.6
19.1
15.0
9.2
5.0
5.3
3.3

12.4
18.2
19.6
16.7
9.5
5.0
5.2
3.4

12.8
17.1
16.9
16.9
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.9

11.0
15.2
17.2
13.8
8.7
4.1
4.2
3.5

11.1
15.2
17.5
14.0
8.9
4.1
4.2
3.5

11.9
15.6
18.2
14.0
9.8
4.2
4.3
3.5

11.4
16.0
19.8
14.2
8.8
4.1
4.3
3.4

11.3
15.7
16.8
14.9
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2

11.5
16.8
18.6
15.5
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.6

11.7
17.6
20.7
15.7
8.6
4.5
4.6
3.8

11.9
16.8
18.9
16.0
9.4
4.6
4.7
3.8

12.0
16.7
18.4
15.6
9.6
4.6
4.7
3.9

12.1
17.1
19.2
15.8
9.5
4.8
5.0
3.8

12.3
17.4
20.1
15.7
9.6
5.1
5.4
3.6

13.2
18.2
18.7
16.8
10.7
5.1
5.2
3.7

13.8
17.7
19.1
16.8
11.8
5.6
5.9
4.2

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.4

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.9

6.1

6.1

10.5
14.5
17.0
12.4
8.2
4.2
4.4
3.1

10.1
14.0
16.8
12.3
7.9
4.2
4.4
3.1

10.5
14.0
16.7
12.2
8.6
4.2
4.4
2.9

10.6
14.7
19.0
12.4
8.4
4.1
4.3
2.6

9.8
13.6
16.3
12.4
7.7
4.2
4.5
2.5

10.4
14.7
16.6
13.5
8.1
4.2
4.5
2.6

11.2
15.4
16.9
14.0
9.0
4.3
4.5
2.9

11.0
14.4
17.8
12.9
9.2
4.4
4.6
2.7

11.4
15.6
18.9
13.4
9.2
4.3
4.5
2.9

11.0
15.6
17.8
14.2
8.6
4.6
4.9
2.7

11.1
15.6
17.9
14.2
8.7
4.8
5.1
2.8

11.6
18.1
20.7
16.7
8.1
4.9
5.2
2.9

11.7
16.4
14.4
17.1
9.1
4.9
5.2
3.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-39. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)

1991

1990
Category
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.8

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.6

5.4
4.7
4.8
14.8

5.3
4.7
4.6
15.4

5.3
4.7
4.6
14.7

5.5
4.9
4.7
15.8

5.6
5.0
4.9
16.6

5.7
5.1
4.9
15.7

5.7
5.2
4.9
16.2

5.9
5.4
5.1
16.4

6.1
5.6
5.3
16.6

6.2
5.6
5.3
18.2

6.5
6.3
5.4

4.6
9.4
10.7

4.7
9.3
10.6
7.9

4.6
9.5

4.5
9.6

10.6
7.7

10.7
7.3

4.7
10.3
11.4

4.8
10.4
11.7

4.8
10.8
11.9

7.9

8.5

5.0
11.0
12.2
8.6

5.3
11.1
12.2
9.3

5.5
10.7
12.1
9.3

5.9
10.7
11.8

7.9

4.9
10.6
11.7
8.2

CHARACTERISTIC

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

17.1

Hispanic origin

7.9

4.6
9.5
10.7
7.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.1
3.8
7.6

3.2
3.7
8.3

3.2
3.6
7.8

3.3
3.6
7.5

3.2
3.7
8.0

3.3
3.6
8.3

3.5
3.9
8.4

3.5
3.9
8.7

3.5
3.9
8.5

3.7
4.1
8.7

3.8
4.1
8.7

4.0
4.1
9.0

4.3
4.4
9.1

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.0
7.4
1.1
5.9

4.9
7.2
1.1
5.9

5.1
7.2
1.1
6.2

4.9
7.4
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.5
1.2
5.9

5.1
7.8
1.2
6.1

5.3
7.7
1.3
6.3

5.4
7.2
1.3
6.4

5.5
7.1
1.3

5.7
7.3
1.4
6.7

5.8

45

6.0
7.7
1.5
7.0

6.4
7.6
1.6
7.5

1.9
4.1
5.3
8.1
6.2

2.0
3.8
5.2
8.5
6.3

2.0
4.0
5.5
8.7
6.8

2.0
3.8
5.4
8.3
5.3

2.2
4.1
5.2
8.1
6.2

2.1
4.1
5.7
8.2
6.8

2.2
4.3
6.2
8.3
6.3

2.3
4.3
6.5
8.2
6.2

2.2
4.4
6.5
8.9
5.5

2.2
4.6
6.9
9.4
6.2

2.2
4.8
7.0
9.6
6.9

2.7
4.5
7.3
10.0
7.6

2.4
5.0
7.6
11.6
7.9

5.5
6.5
4.7
9.2
5.7
5.5
6.1
5.0
3.9
6.1
4.4
2.5
9.5

5.5
6.5
5.3
10.0
5.5
5.3
5.8
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
2.4

5.6
6.8
4.5
10.5
5.8
5.6
6.0
5.1
4.2
6.2
4.5
2.2
10.5

5.5
6.7
3.7
11.3
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.0
3.3
6.2
4.4
2.5
8.1

5.4
6.2
4.0
9.8
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.0
3.2
6.3
4.5
2.9
9.8

5.5
6.7
4.5
10.5
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.0
3.7
6.1
4.5
2.8
10.1

5.7
6.9
4.7
11.2
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.2
4.0
6.3
4.7
2.8
9.5

5.8
7.1
3.8
12.0
5.8
6.0
5.4
5.3
3.9
6.6
4.7
2.8
9.3

5.9
7.3
4.1
13.0
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.3
4.1
6.7
4.5
2.8
8.5

6.2
7.9
4.7
13.3
6.5
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.1
6.7
4.7
2.8
9.8

6.3
8.1
5.8

6.4
8.2
7.5

14.0
6.5
6.6
6.4
5.4
4.2
6.6
4.8
2.7
12.3

14.5
6.4
6.8
5.9
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.9
3.0
11.9

6.9
9.1
6.0
15.5
7.4
8.1
6.5
5.9
5.3
7.4
5.0
3.2
11.5

White
Black and other

Black

6.9

9.5

OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

10.1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
2




3
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle
and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficient precision.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1990

1991

Weeks of unemployment
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

3,157
2,070
1,374
737

3,183
2,074
1,370
732

3,185
2,146
1,417
742

3,078

3,100
2,085
1,436
777

3,142
2,166

3,087
2,452

2,391
1,591
893

638

675

628

659

3,277
2,334
1,727
938
789

3,280
2,518
1,739

637

1,508
807
701

3,275
2,077
1,568
822
746

3,139

2,194
1,404
776

940
799

3,410
2,490
1,829
981
848

3,473
2,736
1,975
1,053
921

11.7
5.2

11.9
5.0

12.1
5.0

11.6
5.3

12.0
5.2

12.1
5.2

12.3
5.3

12.4
6.1

12.0
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.8
6.1

100.0
47.8
31.4
20.8
11.2
9.7

100.0
48.0
31.3
20.7
11.0
9.6

100.0
47.2
31.8
21.0
11.0
10.0

100.0
46.1
32.9
21.0
11.6
9.4

100.0
46.8
31.5
21.7
11.7
10.0

100.0
46.1
31.8
22.1
11.8
10.3

100.0
47.3
30.0
22.7
11.9
10.8

100.0
43.2
34.3
22.5
12.1
10.4

100.0
44.1
33.6
22.3
12.5
9.8

100.0
44.7
31.8
23.5
12.8
10.8

100.0
43.5
33.4
23.1
12.5
10.6

100.0
44.1
32.2
23.7
12.7
11.0

100.0
42.4
33.4
24.1
12.9
11.3

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

1,605
861
744

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weekt
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1991

1990
Reasons for unemployment
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

3,095
957
2.138
1,012
1,815
672

3,073
944
2,129
1,019
1,850
651

3,145
984
2,161
1,159
1,794
637

3,173
980
2,193
1,017
1,828
677

3,203
947
2,256
999
1,839
549

3,145
977
2,168
1,020
1,920
677

3,388
993
2,395
989
1,872
669

3,519
1,111
2,408
954
1,952
663

3,563
1,056
2,507
981
1,911
684

3,756
1,136
2,620
996
1,926
655

3,797
1,150
2,647
1,024
2,128
662

4,068
1,131
2,938
899
2,044
672

4,515
1,485
3,031
989
1,994
633

100.0
46.9
14.5
32.4
15.3
27.5
10.2

100.0
46.6
14.3
32.3
15.5
28.1
9.9

100.0
46.7
14.6
32.1
17.2
26.6
9.5

100.0
47.4
14.6
32.8
15.2
27.3
10.1

100.0
48.6
14.4
34.2
15.2
27.9
8.3

100.0
46.5
14.4
32.1
15.1
28.4
10.0

100.0
49.0
14.4
34.6
14.3
27.1
9.7

100.0
49.6
15.7
34.0
13.5
27.5
9.4

100.0
49.9
14.8
35.1
13.7
26.8
9.6

100.0
51.2
15.5
35.7
13.6
26.3
8.9

100.0
49.9
15.1
34.8
13.5
28.0
8.7

100.0
53.0
14.7
38.2
11.7
26.6
8.7

100.0
55.5
18.3
37.3
12.2
24.5
7.8

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

2.5
.9
1.4
.5

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

2.6
.8
1.5
.4

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

2.7
.8
1.5
.5

2.8
.8
1.6
.5

2.9
.8
1.5
.5

3.0
.8
1.5
.5

3.0
.8
1.7
.5

3.3
.7
1.6
.5

3.6
.8
1.6
.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
. .
New entrants

.

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemDloved
Job losers
On layoff
...
Other job losers
Job leavers
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

44




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1940 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,536
108,413

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,150
90,644

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,173
25,326

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
111
717
713
700

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,110
5,200

1990

110,321

92,031

25,001

735

5,204

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1,841
4,909
5,244
1,966
1,912
5,206
1,828 - 5,154
1,851
5,208
1,955
5,359
6,077
2,298
2,478
6,477
2,612
6,659
2,610
6,654

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,239

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

-2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,350
19,426

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,363
83,087

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,527
5,648

5,292
5,376
5,296
5,286
5,574
5,736
5,774
5,865
6,055
6,271

15,018
15,172
15,161
15,595
16,526
17,336
17,909
18,462
19,077
19,580

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,649
6,724

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
21,999
23,053
24,235
25,669
27,096

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,175

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,606

19,062

85,320

5,839

6,361

19,788

6,832

28,209

3,085

4,284

10,922

()

o

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1990:
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1991:
January?
February"
1

109,958
110,122
110,177
110,617
110,829
110,740
110,613
110,612
110,432
110,165
110,004

91,917
91,963
91,922
92,120
92,282
92,300
92,320
92,306
92,112
91,840
91,701

25,339
25,259
25,180
25,191
25,162
25,105
25,013
24,931
24,777
24,511
24,416

121
729
734
738
744
745
735
736
733
738
740

5,368
5,313
5,256
5,286
5,270
5,229
5,194
5,176
5,093
5,029
4,983

19,244
19,217
19,190
19,167
19,148
19,131
19,084
19,019
18,951
18,744
18,693

84,619
84,863
84,997
85,426
85,667
85,635
85,600
85,681
85,655
85,654
85,588

5,804
5,808
5,809
5,833
5,846
5,841
5,846
5,870
5,870
5,866
5,882

6,357
6,361
6,363
6,369
6,383
6,374
6,376
6,370
6,355
6,343
6,331

19,758
19,764
19,778
19,795
19,822
19,851
19,846
19,844
19,792
19,739
19,670

6,817
6,821
6,823
6,838
6,844
6,842
6,852
6,851
6,843
6,833
6,829

27,842
27,950
27,969
28,094
28,225
28,287
28,387
28,440
28,475
28,548
28,573

3,005
3,089
3,151
3,346
3,338
3,164
3,045
2,999
2,983
2,961
2,943

4,239
4,249
4,252
4,262
4,296
4,298
4,305
4,309
4,323
4,323
4,325

10,797
10,821
10,852
10,889
10,913
10,978
10,943
10,998
11,014
11,041
11,035

109,771
109,587

91,491
91,283

24,184
24,086

737
739

4,833
4,860

18,614
18,487

85,587
85,501

5,884
5,848

6,297
6,274

19,687
19,618

6,820
6,810

28,619
28,647

2,928
2,933

4,333
4,335

11,019
11,036

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March 1989 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1989) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1986) are
subject to revision.

45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
All employees

1987
Industry

SIC
PnHo
UUUc

Avg.

Jan.

1990

1990

Dec.
1990

Production workers

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

110,321 108,150 110,826 108,306 108,367

Total

Avg.

Jan.

1990

1990

Dec.
1990

-

-

-

Jan.

1991P
-

Feb.
1991P
-

92,031 90,167 92,212 90,039 89,762 74,559 72,876 74,707 72,598 72,337

Total private
Mining

735

712

741

726

723
_
_
-

48.0

47.0

48.7

6.2

6.6

6.4

6.1

12.3

11.9

12.6

12.7

125.1
116.6

123.0
114.8

123.8
115.4

122.1
113.8

_

271.6
93.6
175.0

261.7
92.6
165.8

281.6
93.7
184.9

275.5
94.7
177.8

_
_
-

529

508

535

519

517

48.0

_
_
-

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

60.8

59.1

62.4

61.5

7.8

8.1

8.5

8.2

15.1

14.7

15.4

15.5

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

154.6
144.1

152.1
142.0

152.7
142.3

151.1
140.7

_

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

408.4
192.7
211.8

397.3
192.5
200.6

418.2
190.4
223.8

413.3
192.1
217.1

411.9

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

111.4
40.8
34.9
16.5

103.0
37.2
30.9
16.6

107.6
39.4
33.1
16.4

100.2
35.6
30.1
16.4

_
_
_
-

84.3
31.6

76.2
28.0

80.4
30.0

73.3
26.0

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
_
-

5,204

4,884

4,913

4,461

4,389

4,043

3,744

3,768

3,332

3,270

1,314.9 1,284.1 1,240.7 1,155.2 1,130.8
668.6 653.9 621.9 578.3
37.8
39.0
33.8
32.5
608.5 591.2 585.0 544.4
-

950.3
468.5
16.0
465.8

919.0
454.2
16.6
448.2

887.5
429.4
13.4
444.7

806.9
390.2
12.5
404.2

_
_
-

732.7
210.8
521.9

667.1
202.8
464.4

553.8
125.3
428.5

600.5
168.3
432.2

494.7
115.2
379.5

_
_
-

2,425.4 2,271.3 2,279.6 2,030.4
476.7 474.5 463.4 442.4
142.8 130.1 129.2 114.0
436.7 425.2 432.7 410.3
438.7 410.7 401.8 350.8
141.6 150.3 122.4 111.8
170.8 157.7 165.1 135.5

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

46



620.9
154.6
466.3

_
-

3,089.3 2,917.5 2,939.6 2,684.4
649.2 646.3 635.0 614.2
172.0 158.5 158.5 142.8
563.3 551.2 562.0 540.6
510.9 479.8 473.3 420.6
187.7 195.6 166.7 155.8
214.4 200.0 209.3 178.4

_
_
_
_
_
--

11,122 11,123 10,863 10,707 10,604

Durable goods

See footnotes at end of table.

682.2
164.6
517.6

_
-

-

19,062 19,031 18,727 18,480 18,365 12,936 12,887 12,654 12,447 12,359

Manufacturing

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

799.9
244.5
555.3

-

24
241
242

2421
2426
243

2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245

2451
249

739.1
86.7
198.1
159.9
35.0
261.3
105.7
72.1
23.3
33.2
43.8
63.0
43.4
86.0

736.6
85.6
198.7
160.3
35.4
263.0
105.6
72.4
23.6
34.2
42.0
60.5
40.9
86.8

705.3
82.0
190.9
154.1
33.8
245.4
99.6
69.4
21.8
31.1
42.8
61.0
42.8
83.2

688.6
79.4
188.7
152.0
33.9
239.2
97.6
67.6
21.7
30.4
42.2
57.6
40.9
81.5

674.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

7,375

7,342

7,174

7,048

6,965

608.3
71.6
172.5
139.0
30.8
210.6
82.8
57.4
20.1
29.8
36.9
47.2
35.0
69.5

606.2
69.9
173.4
140.0
31.0
212.5
83.1
57.6
20.4
30.8
35.2
45.0
32.9
70.2

577.3
67.0
165.5
133.2
29.8
196.5
77.1
55.4
18.7
27.8
35.9
45.3
34.3
67.1

562.7
64.8
163.5
131.4

549.8

297

190.6
75.1
53.6
18.7
27.1
35.2
42.9
32.8
65.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
All employees

1987
Industry

SIC
uooe

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Production workers
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

_
_
-

403.8
243.8
109.8
83.1
18.5
21.6
51.2
24.3
59.6
24.9

412.5
251.0
113.9
83.1
20.3
21.6
52.6
25.1
58.5
25.3

390.6
235.7
106.5
81.0
18.1
20.1
50.4
23.0
57.9
23.6

386.1
233.3
105.3
79.9
18.1
20.4
50.2
22.4
57.2
23.0

377.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

510.8
15.5
81.5
40.6
40.9
51.3
18.7
32.2
37.3
183.4
17.2
63.9
84.3
78.0
20.8
6.7
22.4

506.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

431.0
12.9
72.8
38.0
34.8
42.1
14.5
27.9
31.1
158.6
12.4
53.0
78.7
60.5
15.1
5.4
-

424.6
13.1
73.4
38.0
35.4
43.1
14.0
27.5
32.0
151.1
12.0
52.5
71.9
60.6
15.4
5.4
-

412.9
12.8
70.7
37.1
33.6
40.9
14.4
25.9
29.9
149.1
11.4
49.7
74.1
58.7
15.0
5.1
-

392.2
12.2
70.2
36.6
33.6
38.7
14.2
24.4
29.2
136.3
10.8
47.3
64.3
57.6
15.0
5.0
-

389.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

736.8
266.8
201.4
24.1
131.1
80.0
8.5
27.6
45.2
25.4
170.1
22.3
28.5
71.5
81.6
22.9

727.4
262.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

571.0
207.6
157.8
18.4
106.1
66.5
6.5
21.8
33.5
19.4
125.2
17.6
19.2
53.3
66.5
18.7

571.2
209.2
159.6
18.2
103.9
63.7
6.5
22.3
33.7
19.6
124.6
18.0
19.3
52.0
66.9
18.9

560.0
205.9
156.3
18.2
104.5
64.9
6.3
21.7
32.7
18.8
122.0
17.0
19.0
52.0
64.1
18.5

556.9
204.0
155.6
17.9
104.2
64.8
6.4
21.5
33.5
19.6
121.4
17.0
19.1
51.8
63.3
17.8

546.6
198.9
_
_
_

1,410.1 1,402.3 1,389.4 1,367.9 1,348.5 1,038.8 1,029.2 1,023.1 1,003.3
_
51.9
51.8
49.6
44.5
50.3
44.7
43.2
42.6
41.8
41.5
_
40.7
40.1
36.3
36.2
35.5
35.0
127.7 127.3 124.4 123.8
_
93.5
92.6
90.8
90.8
_
44.3
45.1
43.4
32.5
43.0
33.3
31.8
31.6
71.5
52.9
70.2
69.3
_
69.4
51.1
51.1
51.3
_
62.5
63.0
62.0
60.2
44.8
45.3
44.5
42.8
_
26.6
27.0
25.6
25.5
19.8
20.0
19.2
19.2
22.2
21.4
_
22.5
14.8
22.5
15.1
15.0
13.9
424.4 424.0 420.2 412.8
_
300.8 300.4 297.4 290.7
_
77.0
76.4
77.6
75.2
55.2
55.6
54.6
53.7
_
75.1
73.2
72.8
70.9
54.3
52.7
52.2
50.2
_
108.7 108.1
109.7 108.7
72.9
72.6
73.7
73.0
_
94.7
93.7
90.4
92.1
70.5
71.0
69.3
67.7
28.5
28.7
28.4
27.7
20.2
20.4
20.1
19.4
-

986.1
_

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

511.0
291.8
127.5
99.6
23.3
28.3
68.8
31.4
82.6
36.5

519.5
298.7
131.6
99.3
25.1
28.3
70.7
32.1
81.0
37.0

498.1
283.8
124.4
97.6
22.9
26.8
68.1
29.9
81.0
35.3

492.3
281.1
123.1
96.7
22.7
26.9
67.5
29.3
79.9
34.5

482.7
_
_
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

553.9
16.3
84.4
42.0
42.5
55.1
18.9
36.2
39.4
207.8
19.1
70.5
99.3
81.7
21.4
7.2
24.0

547.7
16.5
85.2
42.0
43.2
56.1
18.4
36.0
40.5
199.8
18.6
70.0
92.1
82.3
21.8
7.2
24.4

532.7
16.2
82.1
41.0
41.1
53.7
18.8
33.8
37.9
196.9
17.9
66.7
94.3
79.3
20.9
6.9
23.0

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

752.2
270.7
203.6
24.7
133.3
81.8
8.7
28.0
45.5
25.5
174.2
23.0
28.5
73.0
84.6
23.7

753.2
272.3
205.7
24.3
131.1
79.0
8.6
28.3
45.6
25.8
174.6
23.6
28.6
72.3
84.7
24.0

739.9
268.9
202.2
24.5
131.3
79.9
8.6
27.7
44.5
24.6
170.4
22.2
28.6
71.5
82.2
23.5

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products ..
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
.
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Electronic and other electrical equipment...
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

See footnotes at end of table.

48



3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990

96.7
46.6
50.1
222.7
31.9
99.7
78.8
120.0
76.6
43.4
68.9
39.5
235.2
29.3
54.1

Jan.
1990

98.6
47.2
51.4
208.5
32.0
85.4
78.5
120.5
77.2
43.3
72.1
41.9
236.5
29.7
54.5

Dec.
1990

94.3
45.5
48.8
220.6
31.8
98.0
78.5
118.0
75.2
42.8
66.9
38.7
232.7
28.9
53.4

Jan.
1991P

93.3
44.9
48.4
214.5
32.1
92.4
77.9
116.9
74.3
42.6
66.5
38.4
230.3
29.0
52.4

Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

74.1
37.9
36.2
176.1
24.4
83.0
59.5
93.8
60.2
33.6
43.0
22.0
168.3
19.0
40.8

Jan.
1990

75.7
38.4
37.3
161.8
24.5
68.7
59.4
94.8
61.3
33.5
43.9
22.6
170.0
19.0
41.4

Dec.
1990

72.0
37.0
35.0
174.4
24.3
81.7
59.2
91.9
58.8
33.1
42.3
22.1
166.6
19.4
40.0

Jan.
1991P

71.2
36.4
34.8
167.9
24.5
75.8
58.6
90.8
58.0
32.8
42.3
22.0
164.2
19.6
39.1

Feb
1991

_
._
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,099.6 2,132.3 2,064.2 2,054.6 2,044.4 1,262.6 1,287.7 1,235.9 1,229.7 1,21£
_
93.6
92.5
91.0
92.2
59.9
59.1
60.2
60.9
_
29.0
28.9
26.4
27.8
16,2
15.3
17.1
17.0
_
64.6
63.6
64.6
64.4
43.7
43.8
43.1
43.9
_
112.7
112.4
111.6
111.9
82.6
83.9
82.0
81.9
_
80.5
81.7
79.5
58.5
80.2
57.5
57.3
56.6
_
220.4
138.2
138.8
135.9
135.0
224.6 224.9 222.1
_
76.9
78.6
84.2
82.8
51.3
53.3
47.4
46.6
_
16.9
16.9
16.8
17.1
10.6
10.4
10.5
10.4
_
44.7
43.9
39.4
41.4
25.2
23.0
27.6
28.3
34.6
34.7
35.0
34.4
_
19.1
19.2
19.6
19.4
27.6
27.7
29.0
28.6
_
19.3
19.8
18.5
18.4
330.3 336.8 325.0 323.5
236.0 240.9 232.1
230.5
_
45.2
45.4
49.0
30.3
47.2
31.6
29.0
28.6
_
18.0
18.0
18.8
18.5
11.9
11.2
11.2
11.6
_
145.4
114.1
115.8
146.0
113.0
149.5
112.5
147.3
_
53.5
54.0
57.4
55.4
39.0
40.5
38.0
37.5
_
20.6
20.8
21.2
21.0
14.5
14.7
14.4
14.3
_
153.0
154.3
160.3
157.8
93.3
95.6
90.6
89.4
_
18.2
18.3
19.2
18.8
12.4
12.6
12.1
11.9
22.6
22.8
24.0
23.5
12.9
13.3
12.0
11.9
22.6
22.9
24.2
23.7
14.3
14.7
13.7
13.5
241.2
241.6
242.9 244.0
155.4
157.3
154.0
153.4
_
28.8
16.5
16.7
28.9
29.1
16.6
16.4
29.0
_
43.4
43.5
43.3
43.5
33.7
33.7
33.8
33.6
_
24.6
13.7
13.6
24.5
24.2
13.4
13.4
24.6
_
31.3
31.4
31.1
31.6
21.3
21.0
21.1
21.1
_
16.2
16.4
11.8
16.5
11.5
11.4
11-.6
16.4
_
18.4
18.4
19.2
18.7
12.7
13.2
12.3
12.2
446.3 458.6 439.3 434.3
140.8
145.8
138.5
137.1
270.3 266.5
70.6
75.0
68.4
67.5
276.0 284.4
68.3
180.4
126.9
312.7
23.2
240.6

70.8
186.5
131.4
317.5
23.4
243.8

67.1
169.5
117.5
308.0
22.6
237.7

67.3
170.9
119.2
306.1
22.3
236.4

21.6
127.1
92.4
229.3
18.8
182.3

22.0
132.7
96.5
233.6
18.8
185.6

22.5
117.3
84.1
225.3
18.3
179.3

23.2
118.8
86.1
222.7
18.1
177.4

_
_
_
_
_
-

1,691.8 1,721.4 1,652.0 1,638.2 1,623.9 1,067.5 1,089.7 1,037.9 1,028.5 1,011
_
93.7
93.9
97.6
95.8
66.9
69.0
65.4
65.2
_
34.1
35.4
33.0
47.0
47.0
49.4
33.3
48.2
_
46.7
46.9
48.2
47.6
32.8
33.6
32.1
32.2
_
119.9
123.7
115.1
165.3
165.9
174.9
170.8
115.9
_
66.0
69.1
62.4
62.2
81.1
81.2
87.8
84.8
_
64.6
65.1
40.3
67.4
41.0
39.9
66.3
39.5
_
119.7
124.7
130.0
128.7
103.1
104.5
99.3
94.9
_
25.5
26.3
27.0
27.5
22.6
21.6
21.4
20.6
19.0
20.1
21.1
21.0
16.7
17.4
15.8
15.1
_
33.7
35.8
27.4
27.9
35.8
27.5
35.6
25.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990

188.5
24.9
73.2
16.0
24.6
86.4
64.6
258.9
131.4
596.9
34.0
243.9
145.5
166.0
29.3
67.8

Jan.
1990

191.3
25.2
74.1
16.5
25.4
86.4
64.8
266.7
135.9
607.4
35.1
246.9
149.0
167.1
30.2
67.1

Dec.
1990

182.5
23.7
71.7
15.6
23.8
84.7
63.9
251.4
127.7
584.7
33.1
239.0
141.5
164.2
29.8
64.7

Jan.
1991 P

Feb.
1991 P

181.3
24.0
71.0
15.5
22.8
83.3
62.9
250.6
126.9
579.2
32.7
237.3
140.0
165.1
29.4
66.7

Avg.
1990

136.0
21.2
47.9
11.7
18.1
59.8
42.9
130.9
71.7
337.0
22.3
94.7
91.5
114.0
22.6
51.1

Jan.
1990

138.5
21.5
48.5
12.4
18.9
60.5
43.9
136.0
76.4
342.2
23.2
94.6
94.2
115.3
23.6
50.4

Dec.
1990

130.2
20.1
47.2
11.2
17.2
57.5
41.3
126.1
67.6
332.3
21.7
94.4
89.6
111.2
22.5
48.3

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

129.7
20.3
46.6
11.1
16.6
56.4
40.5
125.2
67.1
329.5
21.3
94.0
89.4
112.5
22.0
50.5

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

997.0 1,010.0
289.2
281.8
327.7
320.8
49.8
48.2
65.5
65.4
98.7
95.3
242.8 240.5
99.5
100.7
92.4
90.9
39.0
39.5
101.6
102.0
11.0
11.1

984.5
274.3
314.8
47.0
64.5
92.2
245.2
102.2
93.9
37.9
101.4
10.9

975.0
269.1
313.0
46.4
64.0
91.8
244.6
101.5
94.1
36.9
101.1
10.3

971.4

493.4
93.0
178.4
32.6
34.0
48.0
142.6
58.4
58.3
26.9
44.1
8.4

501.9
97.5
182.6
33.4
34.6
49.6
140.9
57.3
57.1
27.0
45.7
8.2

485.9
88.8
174.0
32.0
33.3
46.4
144.4
60.5
59.8
26.7
43.6
8.4

480.5
87.8
172.7
31.4
33.0
46.7
142.4
59.4
59.9
25.7
43.9
8.0

478.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

385.0
53.1
38.7
11.9
104.9
44.6
60.3
34.5
38.3
24.8
142.2
57.4

377.5
53.6
39.1
11.9
102.4
43.0
59.4
33.4
36.9
24.0
139.3
55.7

372.1
51.9
37.9
11.8
101.9
42.7
59.2
33.4
35.9
23.2
137.2
54.9

373.7

279.3
37.4
27.0
9.7
76.4
31.5
45.0
24.2
29.1
18.6
102.5
40.1

277.0
37.0
26.7
9.9
74.4
29.7
44.7
24.5
29.5
18.5
101.7
41.0

271.4
38.0
27.6
9.6
74.4
30.2
44.2
23.3
26.9
17.0
99.2
38.6

266.5
36.5
26.6
9.5
74.0
30.0
44.0
23.2
26.0
16.3
97.3
37.9

268.6

1,982.1 1,918.8 1,919.1 1,871.1 1,850.9 1,219.0 1,142.0 1,179.0 1,141.8 1,129.0
584.1 553.0 549.3
732.1
609.8 529.1
800.9 720.3 770.5 734.8
167.2 212.4
224.7
187.2
310.8 255.5 295.8 265.9
28.9
30.2
38.6
38.0
38.5
32.1
41.2
29.2
312.7 306.6
295.1
317.8
402.7 378.7 396.2 390.1
21.4
27.3
25.6
25.0
19.5
21.4
27.4
19.0
342.4 346.6 337.2 334.9
709.2 723.0 691.7 685.1
166.9
163.2
379.0 389.4 364.5 360.8
157.8
156.3
155.4
157.2
154.6
156.0
79.5
79.4
80.3
80.6
176.4
171.8
169.7
174.2
99.8
99.1
100.2
98.0
183.4
189.2
180.8
189.3
140.4
141.3
143.4
138.3
131.5
125.9
130.1
129.5
97.6
89.7
94.3
96.5
51.9
63.3
50.7
59.8
42.8
51.6
49.1
41.8
34.1
34.4
33.8
34.4
25.5
25.4
25.5
24.8
192.9
183.2
188.2
55.7
181.9
60.0
57.8
55.3
138.0
133.2
131.8
135.8
37.2
38.4
37.7
36.7
45.7
43.1
41.7
46.4
29.4
30.2
27.3
26.6
17.0
18.0
16.6
16.1
12.7
13.0
13.9
12.4

380.7
52.7
38.5
12.1
102.9
42.9
60.0
35.0
37.1
23.1
140.9
58.4

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
uUUc

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
....
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

50



Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

5,561
7,940 7,908 7,864 7,773 7,761
5,545 5,480 5,399
5,394
1,649.7 1,606.3 1,644.1 1,612.7 1,611.0 1,185.9 1,142.7 1,182.8 1,153.5 1,155.2
_
_
355.8 349.2
418.1 411.0 427.0 422.9
364.9 360.9
_
_
141.7
117.1
117.7
139.0
120.6
142.5
139.5
121.6
_
63.1
83.7
83.5
62.8
64.4
61.5
85.5
84.6
_
_
175.0
197.5
188.5
194.1
177.5
170.6
199.0
178.9
_
_
150.1
152.5
92.3
94.2
151.8
153.9
91.6
92.8
_
_
41.5
31.8
32.0
40.5
41.5
31.3
32.2
41.6
_
_
72.9
73.8
36.6
36.8
73.3
73.9
36.2
36.5
_
216.4
175.0
204.6
211.1
245.5
172.2
181.4
220.3
_
_
25.4
18.8
23.3
24.1
19.0
18.9
19.1
23.3
_
_
66.2
74.4
63.9
86.7
52.5
54.1
68.6
57.0
_
_
44.0
46.3
37.4
40.0
46.0
48.0
52.8
41.5
_
_
128.1
127.9
89.6
88.7
128.9
127.7
90.5
88.1
_
_
22.8
22.1
22.4
14.9
14.9
14.9
14.5
22.9
_
_
44.0
44.7
28.2
27.8
43.9
28.2
27.9
44.0
_
_
130.4
206.8
210.8
210.5
129.9
131.8
210.1
133.0
148.4
153.6
84.8
87.1
86.6
87.2
151.2
152.3
57.8
107.7
6.5
5.3
9.7
55.3
30.1
185.4
40.3
104.3
171.3

56.9
108.7
7.4
5.2
10.9
54.5
30.7
182.8
39.9
102.6
165.8

59.6
119.5
8.1
5.3
12.0
62.6
29.7
183.3
40.2
102.6
172.8

58.4
114.3
7.5
5.3
11.9
58.4
29.7
180.8
39.2
102.3
168.9

46.6
34.1

49.7
34.1

49.8
34.1

48.8
33.9

700.0
91.0
81.7
17.7
24.2
207.0
32.6
38.6
62.5
27.4
27.1
60.8
25.6
23.2
65.1
101.6
81.1
14.3
51.0

713.1
94.9
83.2
17.9
24.4
210.3
32.5
39.6
63.3
28.5
27.5
61.4
25.9
23.4
65.8
104.3
82.9
14.9
50.9

679.9
89.5
80.8
17.1
24.3
197.3
32.2
37.5
56.5
26.7
26.0
59.9
25.4
23.0
64.0
96.8
77.2
13.7
50.2

1,028.4 1,045.2 1,002.5
51.7
49.7
49.2
261.4
270.2 281.0
66.5
62.8
59.3
86.4
82.8
81.6
44.2
45.2
44.6
328.8 319.8
325.7
40.6
39.6
38.3
71.4
66.9
73.1
38.1
34.3
38.6
176.5
180.8
176.1

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

44.6
84.4
4.7
4.0
8.1
45.4
21.6
77.7
24.0
34.0
127.2

43.8
85.9
5.5
4.0
9.5
45.1
22.6
76.4
23.8
33.0
122.8

45.9
94.3
6.2
3.9
10.2
51.3
21.0
77.1
23.6
33.8
127.8

45.1
89.4
5.6
3.9
10.2
47.0
20.9
75.1
23.2
33.4
123.9

47.5
-

34.5
25.4

38.0
25.6

37.6
25.3

36.5
24.9

35.1
-

674.1
88.6
79.4
17.3
24.0
197.6
32.0
37.4
57.7
25.9
26.1
59.2
25.0
22.7
62.7
95.8
76.6
13.4
49.5

667.1

601.0
81.4
71.8
14.2
20.4
180.6
29.0
34.6
54.7
23.4
23.5
49.3
20.6
18.6
53.3
90.9
72.8
12.6
39.0

613.7
85.4
73.5
14.4
20.5
183.9
29.0
35.9
55.7
24.0
23.9
49.7
20.7
18.8
53.9
93.4
74.3
13.2
39.0

581.7
79.6
70.8
13.7
20.5
171.5
28.8
33.3
48.9
23.0
22.4
48.6
20.6
18.4
52.4
86.3
69.0
12.0
38.3

577.7
79.3
69.5
14.1
20.4
171.8
28.6
33.1
50.3
22.2
22.5
48.1
20.2
18.2
51.5
85.5
68.7
11.7
37.5

571.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

988.5
48.7
260.2
58.8
81.5
43.5
315.5
38.4
68.1
34.1
174.9

995.1

862.0
41.5
231.9
53.2
71.8
38.6
272.1
32.4
58.8
32.0
148.9

878.9
44.0
242.4
56.5
75.6
39.2
274.5
33.2
60.5
28.1
152.7

837.2
41.7
223.9
50.8
70.4
38.3
266.5
31.1
54.6
31.4
149.4

821.8
41.2
222.1
49.8
70.1
37.5
261.4
31.2
55.3
27.6
147.3

829.4
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
,
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

61.7
49.2
12.5
56.9
22.2
43.4
203.0
24.2
55.0
47.6

63.2
50.1
13.1
59.2
23.1
43.5
199.8
25.2
55.7
42.6

60.6
48.3
12.3
55.8
22.8
40.8
196.6
22.9
54.6
45.3

60.3
48.3
12.0
56.1
22.8
40.3
190.0
22.4
53.7
40.9

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

698.4
177.9
51.4
209.6
118.5
15.0
50.6
242.6
44.4
34.1
27.0

693.6
177.2
51.9
208.9
118.6
14.7
50.2
239.0
43.6
33.7
27.4

694.9
177.2
50.5
209.4
118.8
15.0
50.6
240.9
44.9
34.6
26.9

690.4
177.1
50.5
207.2
118.1
15.2
49.9
238.8
44.2
34.5
26.7

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

_
_
_
-

50.7
42.3
8.4
47.9
19.3
35.7
167.3
20.0
45.9
39.2

52.4
43.4
9.0
49.9
20.2
35.8
165.0
20.9
46.8
34.8

49.3
40.9
8.4
47.1
19.9
33.4
160.7
18.8
45.3
36.7

48.9
41.0
7.9
47.2
19.8
32.8
154.0
18.2
44.7
32.2

_
-

690.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

524.2
134.5
39.5
161.7
88.9
12.7
40.6
175.4
21.5
25.5
20.9

520.2
133.7
39.8
161.1
89.2
12.4
40.1
172.5
21.0
25.5
21.2

521.3
134.0
39.3
161.7
89.1
12.6
40.8
173.3
21.8
25.9
20.9

518.3
134.3
39.3
160.0
88.5
12.8
40.3
171.8
21.2
25.8
20.8

518.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,578.2 1,576.5 1,577.8 1,565.4 1,562.5
_
477.5 475.5 477.1
471.8
_
131.4
129.7
132.1
131.1
_
120.3
121.3 120.7
120.9
_
85.1
85.8
85.1
85.5
_
35.1
35.5
35.6
35.4
_
82.7
83.0
83.7
82.9
_
551.5 552.2 550.6 546.4
_
365.5 364.0 365.7 363.2
_
170.7
172.6
169.7
168.2
_
48.6
49.5
48.1
47.8
_
75.4
75.9
73.7
72.5
64.1
64.4
64.4
64.0
-

874.5
165.9
48.4
65.0
36.3
28.7
42.1
400.7
265.6
122.9
33.8
58.1
47.0

874.6
165.2
47.6
66.8
37.7
29.1
42.2
399.8
263.6
124.0
34.5
58.3
47.7

871.8
166.5
48.6
64.1
35.1
29.0
41.9
399.8
265.6
122.0
33.6
56.4
47.0

864.4
164.1
47.9
64.9
35.7
29.2
41.7
395.5
262.8
120.6
33.4
55.1
46.5

860.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, nonceilulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

1,085.5 1,074.8 1,085.6 1,077.6 1,081.0
134.8
133.8
132.4
133.7
_
90.6
90.0
89.9
88.7
_
185.0
184.9
183.7
182.8
_
89.0
89.2
88.4
87.8
_
66.2
66.3
65.3
64.8
_
238.9 235.3 243.3 243.9
_
198.1
196.1
200.8 201.2
_
158.5
156.6
158.8
154.4
_
43.7
43.0
45.6
44.9
_
44.7
44.0
44.4
44.8
_
70.1
69.6
68.8
64.7
_
62.9
62.2
61.9
59.4
_
152.6
151.4
152.4
153.0
29.2
28.9
29.4
30.5
119.1
118.1
118.9
118.3
_
53.0
52.4
52.5
52.8
99.6
98.2
99.3
98.9
-

599.4
68.2
47.5
118.7
52.1
45.9
106.4
89.6
97.8
28.1
24.2
45.5
31.8
84.8
17.6
64.3
32.8
58.9

599.9
69.1
47.3
119.5
52.2
46.6
105.1
88.0
97.1
27.5
23.8
45.8
31.2
86.6
17.3
66.2
32.7
58.6

591.9
67.5
47.1
115.5
51.6
43.9
108.0
91.4
97.2
29.6
23.8
43.8
31.1
82.4
17.5
62.1
32.1
58.1

584.3
66.3
46.5
115.3
51.9
43.2
107.6
90.9
94.1
28.9
24.0
41.2
29.6
81.5
17.4
61.2
32.2
57.7

589.5

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

104.7
76.6
21.2

99.3
75.5
17.1

102.9
76.8
19.2

100.1
77.0
16.1

100.4
_
-

159.9
119.9
27.8

153.3
118.3
23.1

159.1
121.0
26.0

155.6
120.2
23.1

_
_
_

155.8
_
-

_

_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
ouvJo

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

866.8
84.8
10.9
57.7
24.7
103.7
609.7

865.2
85.5
10.9
57.3
25.2
105.6
605.9

851.8
86.3
10.8
57.0
24.1
99.9
597.8

842.6
86.2
10.7
56.5
23.9
98.4
590.8

834.3
_
_
_
_
-

670.8
62.1
8.8
41.7
18.5
78.0
480.1

669.9
63.2
8.8
41.9
18.9
79.7
476.3

656.2
62.9
8.7
41.4
18.2
74.7
468.5

647.0
62.7
8.6
41.0
18.0
73.4
461.3

639.9
_

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods.

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

126.5
14.4
70.8
30.6
26.1
10.6
13.5

130.1
14.9
72.7
32.2
26.7
11.0
14.2

118.9
13.8
66.1
28.2
25.1
10.3
12.6

117.3
13.4
65.8
28.4
24.9
9.9
12.0

116.1
_
_

104.1
11.9
60.0
24.9
22.8
7.5
10.6

107.9
12.4
61.9
26.4
23.7
8.1
11.2

96.5
11.1
55.6
22.8
21.6
6.9
9.6

95.6
11.0
55.5
23.1
21.5
6.6
9.1

94.2
_
_
_
-

5,839

5,724

5,931

5,816

5,777

4,853

4,755

4,941

4,823

4,794

3,621

3,514

3,719

3,603

3,566

-

-

-

-

-

Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation

-

_
_
-

Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2

40
4011

285.0
241.4

284.4
240.9

277.2
234.2

274.7
232.2

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

Local and interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation ..
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

340.1
135.7
33.2
20.0
121.6

349.4
130.9
33.6
28.5
129.3

366.0
138.6
33.4
17.9
145.5

362.8
138.1
33.5
17.4
145.0

_
_
_
_
-

311.0
122.5
17.4
-

319.5
116.6
_
25.1
-

337.4
126.0
_
15.7
-

334.1
125.5
_
15.4
-

_
_

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air.
Public warehousing and storage
..

42
421
422

1,655.9 1,598.6 1,710.8 1,615.5
1,533.6 1,478.8 1,586.7 1,493.9
120.4
117.6
116.0
118.6

_
-

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee .
Water transportation services

44
444
449

172.5
13.7
110.7

168.5
13.8
110.8

169.9
13.4
110.1

162.9
13.4
104.7

_
-

_
_
98.2

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services .

45
451
458

789.3
655.6
104.3

749.9
621.3
101.0

812.3
678.8
104.2

804.2
672.0
103.0

_
-

Pipelines, except natural gas .

46

19.7

19.0

19.8

19.4

Transportation services
Freight transportation arrangement.

47
473

358.2
133.0

344.6
131.1

363.1
135.0

363.3
135.6

Communications and public utilities
Communications....
Telephone communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services .
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

48
481
483
4832
4833
484
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles .
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts ..
See footnotes at end of table.

52



50
501
5012
5013

2,212
2,213
2,210
2,218
1,275.8 1,280.4 1,268.2 1,270.2
879.4 888.4 870.7 873.8
234.0 232.3
234.1 233.3
121.0
120.1
120.9
121.1
113.0
112.2
112.4
113.0
128.8
129.4
123.1
126.9

_

1,442.8 1,391.1 1,494.4 1,399.7
1,341.4 1,291.5 1,391.7 1,299.4
96.8
96.4
98.3
99.5

_
_
-

98.6

_
_
97.2

_
_
92.0

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

-

14.4

13.7

14.6

14.2

-

107.6

_
105.5

_
108.7

_
106.0

2,211
_
_
-

_
952.8
632.2
193.5
_
105.7

_
954.8
638.1
192.4
_
102.7

_
951.3
628.5
193.5
_
_
108.4

_
952.9
631.1
192.3
_
108.8

_
_
_

_
_
-

-

-

942.2
443.0
167.4
192.7
109.6

929.3
440.7
164.6
191.2
104.0

944.1
441.3
167.8
191.9
113.4

942.8
439.5
167.8
191.3
114.6

_
_
_
_
-

745.9
342.0
130.9
155.4
94.5

734.5
339.1
128.5
154.1
90.5

745.1
340.3
131.0
153.9
96.9

743.2
339.5
130.3
152.9
97.4

_
_

6,361

6,308

6,331

6,250

6,222

5,107

5,067

5,074

4,999

4,967

3,765
450.5
121.3
260.4

3,753
449.5
121.4
260.0

3,735
446.4
121.1
257.7

3,691
440.7
119.6
254.9

3,676
_
_
-

2,995
363.8
_
-

2,994
363.4
_
-

2,960
360.1
_
-

2,922
354.9
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
5045
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

152.8
69.3
83.5
240.5
124.8
49.4
790.3
305.7
142.6
541.4
209.8
69.4
262.1
283.8
96.4
118.4
857.9
87.2
120.7
364.3
152.6
305.0
113.1

155.8
71.1
84.7
233.8
123.0
48.1
797.5
315.4
144.2
536.7
207.6
70.0
259.1
284.8
96.7
119.4
846.3
86.5
116.5
361.7
150.8
304.7
112.1

150.2
67.6
82.6
236.6
122.2
49.1
786.2
300.1
140.0
543.9
211.2
69.1
263.6
279.0
94.8
115.9
847.9
85.3
117.6
360.1
152.9
305.2
112.8

146.4
66.9
79.5
231.8
121.2
47.7
781.0
297.1
138.2
540.7
209.7
68.4
262.6
276.9
93.5
115.6
841.1
84.1
116.2
358.2
151.7
294.6
110.2

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,596
232.3
188.8
213.6
851.5
275.8
63.3
103.4
129.8
212.8
94.4
118.4
154.0
98.2
55.8
490.8
165.0

2,555
231.9
188.0
210.6
839.4
273.7
63.7
97.0
128.7
211.5
92.1
119.4
149.3
94.2
55.1
473.0
155.1

2,596
231.6
190.1
210.4
848.6
279.3
63.9
99.7
129.8
213.8
95.6
118.2
156.8
99.1
57.7
491.2
160.8

2,559
230.0
188.3
207.4
834.1
277.3
62.4
92.9
129.1
213.2
95.1
118.1
153.3
97.0
56.3
483.9
159.9

2,546
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

OUUc

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

Production workers

Ail employees

Retail trade

19,788 19,518 20,299

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Avg.
1990

123.2
_
_
196.0
_
637.2
_
113.1
407.1
_
_
228.9
681.8
_
_
_
243.5
2,112
186.8
158.2
167.9
714.6
_
_
93.0
168.5
_
_
126.3
_
_
396.4
-

Jan.
1990

126.0
_
190.7
_
644.1
_
114.2
407.6
229.5
_
673.3
_
245.3
2,073
186.5
157.0
164.3
704.3
_
_
_
92.4
166.9
_
121.8

379.3
-

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

120.8
_
_
191.8
_
633.1
_
110.5
404.0
_
_
_
224.2
_
672.1
_
_
_
_
243.6
-

117.2
_
_
187.2
_
630.3
_
109.1
402.0
_
_
_
221.9
_
_
665.6
_
_
_
_
233.9
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,114
186.9
159.4
166.1
711.9
_
_
_
92.8
169.0
_
_
129.1
_
_
397.5
-

2,077
185.5
157.3
162.5
695.3
_
_
_
92.7
168.7
_
_
125.9
_
_
390.7
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

19,411 19,147 17,522 17,283 18,014 17,128

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

16,859

608.1
342.8
136.8

_
_
-

53
531
533
539

2,481.2 2,600.5 2,683.1 2,460.8 2,329.8 2,324.5 2,440.3 2,530.7 2,310.0
1,940.6 2,042.3 2,102.4 1,931.8
2,055.3 2,161.4 2,211.3 2,040.1
191.6
195.4 200.5 211.8
213.1 217.7 230.0 210.0
210.7
212.8 221.4 241.8
188.4
197.5 216.5
186.6
-

_
_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,294.4 3,254.0 3,385.5 3,304.4 3,279.2 3,028.6 2,994.3 3,112.9 3,032.5
_
2,697.6 2,678.5 2,743.7 2,712.2
2,918.0 2,894.9 2,966.3 2,933.6
_
56.4
57.0
65.3
55.8
_
_
_
_
_
25.6
22.9
32.5
29.8
173.9
183.5
178.1
176.8
158.7
155.3
156.9
163.5
-

_
_
_
_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

2,124.7 2,091.4 2,108.6 2,083.1 2,067.4 1,768.9 1,740.3 1,751.6 1,725.6
947.6 939.2 943.5
935.1
786.4 779.6
774.5
781.7
_
358.7 348.1 359.1 353.0
287.4 278.4 287.3
280.2
_
641.0 639.9 636.1 628.2
553.8 552.8
539.6
548.2
14.2
12.5
14.8
14.7
10.3
11.7
12.2
11.9
-

_
_
_
_
-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

792.5
439.5
169.1

758.3
428.3
163.9

772.4
421.8
171.4

740.3
410.2
166.4

_
-

656.8
369.8
139.5

626.4
360.0
135.4

638.0
353.8
141.2

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
uUUc

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys! clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566
57
571

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.

Jan.

1990

1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

1,147.3 1,196.2 1,215.4 1,127.4
102.3 110.3 109.6
99.4
396.6 414.1 414.7 386.2
273.9 290.0 306.4 273.2
223.5 228.8 224.1 218.5
832.0
472.2
288.1
78.3
281.5
124.4
60.6

845.1
475.0
289.3
85.0
285.1
125.0
62.6

851.6
477.3
289.5
75.4
298.9
134.0
68.2

824.1
466.8
284.2
73.4
283.9
127.7
60.3

Feb.
1991P

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

960.6 1,008.3 1,026.7
82.0
88.8
89.8
329.8 345.4 347.9
236.7 ' 252.4 268.2
184.5 191.5 183.7

935.2
80.1
318.4
235.8
174.4

_
_
_
-

681.8
384.7

672.7
379.0
_
60.1
233.6
107.7
50.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

695.4
387.9
_
71.1
236.4
105.8
53.0

701.7
389.2
_
62.1
250.4
114.6
59.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

5731
5735

Eating and drinking places

58

6,595.7 6,251.4 6,594.1 6,337.0 6,362.0 5,984 ? 5,656.0 5,974.8 5,723.4

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594

2,519.9 2,521.5 2,688.7 2,533.4
619.4 619.7 638.2 628.3
123.3 122.0 127.3 122.0
897.6 914.5 1,015.1 915.7
167.2 166.2 180.2 171.8
95.0
97.7 101.7 101.2
84.4
82.7
85.3
82.9
157.1 161.8 173.2 159.6
184.5 179.8 197.6 178.7
64.2
68.3
66.6
63.5
271.5 277.0 277.1 260.5
139.8 145.1 149.2 135.5
83.2
81.6
80.5
84.4
114.0 119.1 117.3 117.8
424.5 402.9 442.6 418.4

5712
572
573

5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596

5961
5962
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60

602
6022
603

6035
6036
606

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

64.6
232.5
104.9
51.2

2,116.3 2,122.3 2,277.9 2,120.8
522.0 522.8 540.0 528.9
_
_
_
_
750.4 768.8 867.4 764.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
240.1 246.1 246.6 230.4
_
_
_
95.0 100.4
98.4
98.2
349.9 329.3 361.0 339.3

6,736

6,811

6,763

6,750

4,958

4,882

4,920

4,874

4,859

3,340

3,317

3,336

3,322

3,318

-

-

-

-

-

2,300.8 2,295.2 2,293.4 2,288.2
1,560.2 1,555.8 1,557.0 1,554.0
670.3 668.7 666.4 667.1
469.5 479.7 457.7 457.8
235.1 238.9 228.4 228.2
234.3 240.8 229.3 229.6
135.5 133.4 137.6 137.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,669.3 1,664.1 1,660.2 1,655.3
1,109.7 1,104.4 1,105.4 1,103.7
_
_
_
108.7

_
_
107.0

270.6
98.3

268.0
98.0

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

_
-

47.5

_
48.5

48.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
-

995.0
342.5
198.8
362.0

982.2 1,002.3 1,003.9
344.2 341.5 341.3
191.3 204.4 206.8
356.0 367.4 367.2
-

_
_
_
-

-

-

-

'-

369.5
130.1
81.1
148.8

372.6
133.5
82.9
147.0

370.3
132.6
82.6
146.0

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

425.7
322.6

426.4
326.2

420.5
317.4

419.6
316.5

_
-

628

25.8
77.3

26.1
74.1

25.0
78.1

24.6
78.5

_
-

48.6

Holding and other investment offices

67

240.5

225.4

249.2

243.4

-

-

63,64

2,142

2,122

2,150

2,154

2,154

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

54



1,481.2 1,465.3 1,488.9 1,493.7
559.6 558.8 559.7 562.0
245.2 236.6 251.8 254.6
557.9 552.2 562.1 562.4
65.4
61.0
60.0
65.1
661.2

656.5

660.8

660.6

110.2

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

372.9
131.3
82.2
150.0

63
631
632
633
636

_
110.3

_
_

-

61
614
615
616

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

_

_

_
_
-

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

Insurance

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

6,832

_
_
_
-

622,3

Feb.
1991 P

_

-

-

270.6
100.5
-

269.4
100.2

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990
1,350
579.3
576.2
161.6

Jan.
1990

1,297
545.2
569.3
150.5

Dec.
1990

1,325
582.2
560.8
150.0

Jan.
1991P

1,287
560.1
549.6
146.4

Feb.
1991P

1,278
_
-

Avg.
1990

_
-

Jan.
1990

_
-

Dec.
1990

_
_
-

Jan.
1991P

-

Feb.
1991P

_
-

28,209 27,254 28,459 28,132 28,389 24,613 23,750 24,801 24,476 24,712

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,620.8 1,529.0 1,551.8 1,517.6
1,560.9 1,487.4 1,507.5 1,475.2

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,092.6 1,099.8 1,096.3 1,116.1
427.0 420.3 432.5
428.2
71.0
66.2
77.2
68.2
373.6
368.3
381.6 378.4
84.7
83.1
86.2
85.6
112.3
137.6
95.0
132.0

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Prepackaged software
Data processing and preparation
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Photofinishing laboratories

_
-

_
_
_
_
1,382.7 1,314.7 1,329.2 1,296.4

_
-

_

_

_

_

379.7
_
334.3
98.4

374.7
_
328.5
_
121.1

383.8
_
342.7
_
82.1

379.2
_
339.0
_
118.2

_
_
_
-

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7363
737
7372
7374

5,038.7 4,909.9 5,037.7 4,927.1 4,909.0 4,416.2 4,301.5 4,398.5 4,294.3
239.1 237.4 238.7 235.9
166.9
168.8
173.1
171.6
_
_
_
_
172.3
171.7
171.5
168.9
_
_
_
_
_
104.9
102.9
104.5
105.0
_
_
_
_
_
253.1 241.4 266.5 262.7
_
794.2
792.3
708.7 701.3
782.8 775.4
720.5 720.2
_
_
_
_
1,409.1 1,355.3 1,364.1 1,273.1
_
_
_
232.3 228.6 222.7 210.6
_
1,176.7 1,126.7 1,141.4 1,062.5
1,137.3 1,088.6 1,099.1 1,020.7
801.2
781.1 823.1 829.7
607.6 642.1 650.6
624.3
_
_
_
_
_
114.3
109.2
118.3
119.9
208.8 208.8 212.7 216.4
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

738
7381
7384

1,219.7 1,193.4 1,242.9 1,235.1
449.0 439.6 460.8 459.4
80.7
81.9
85.1
78.4

_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
-

1,079.8 1,055.4 1,098.5 1,092.8
421.4 413.0 432.0 430.2
-

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

925.6
192.8
531.9

907.8
182.7
521.3

921.9
195.0
530.8

912.6
193.5
525.9

_
_
-

764.7
_
436.0

751.3
_
427.9

760.8
_
434.4

750.4
_
428.3

_
_
-

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

386.5
129.9

377.8
124.1

386.5
133.5

381.1
134.1

_

317.3
-

309.6
-

316.8
-

310.9
-

_

-

400.6
161.4
106.6

_
-

335.9
124.2
-

321.7
111.7
-

337.8
132.9
-

332.1
127.3
-

_
-

970.9 1,028.8 1,010.8
647.2 666.7 658.1

963.5
658.2

846.2
563.9

898.1
579.9

878.7
569.9

_

-

7,475.0
1,215.2
469.4
1,365.7
_
_
3,468.8
_
_
_
_
294.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

,

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

398.1
152.5
111.1

Amusement and recreation services
Misc. amusement and recreation services

79
799

1,098.8
749.2

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

8,114.3
1,412.5
522.9
1,458.1
1,005.4
245.0
3,679.9
3,403.5
100.8
175.6
179.9
299.0

383.7
138.7
108.8

7,815.6
1,347.4
512.7
1,406.6
969.6
236.1
3,574.3
3,306.2
98.9
169.2
172.1
270.7

404.4
165.3
107.2

8,386.4
1,471.6
533.8
1,509.8
1,039.6
254.3
3,775.5
3,493.0
101.6
180.9
187.6
318.7

8,409.2 8,450.4 7,212.8 6,943.9 7,454.4
1,476.1
1,166.4 1,111.0 1,214.3
_
533.9
458.5 449.4 467.7
_
1,316.7 1,269.7 1,364.1
1,513.3
_
_
_
1,043.1
_
_
_
_
254.1
_
3,786.8
3,369.1 3,269.2 3,459.1
_
_
_
_
3,503.6
_
_
_
101.4
_
_
_
181.8
_
_
_
_
188.9
319.4
276.0 250.1 294.1
-

-

-

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1987
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1990

932.6

Jan.
1990

911.6

Dec.
1990

938.2

Jan.
1991P

82
821
822
824

1,703.8 1,673.6 1,809.4 1,704.3
455.6 462.5 469.2 466.8
1,038.7 1,008.5 1,129.9 1,030.1
92.7
94.0
92.0
90.5

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,838.6 1,776.1 1,912.9 1,909.3
453.9 440.1
463.9 462.1
245.5 239.3 239.5 236.1
474.8 448.2 501.1
504.2

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,839.3 1,791.8 1,835.7 1,810.5
101.9
100.3
101.0
100.3
135.5
130.4
137.5
132.5
421.6
392.2 417.1
398.9

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations

87
871
872
873
8731
8733
874

2,438.4 2,408.3 2,418.8 2,407.8
793.7
781.2 782.2
775.6
538.1
543.6
537.5
527.2
534.3
543.3
529.9 543.2
226.9
226.4
223.2 226.0
145.8
147.2
142.4
148.9
560.4
563.3
553.6
566.2

Services, nee

89

18,291

Government
Federal Government

39.1

4

3,085
4

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal Government, by industry
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
.
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

56.8

39.1

61.1

17,983 18,614

18,267

18,605

2,908

2,918

3731

108.5
67.0

112.0
69.6

104.1
64.0

103.7
63.8

806

38.3
391.3
227.9

37.0
390.5
226.8

37.6
387.8
227.9

36.9
387.7
228.9

4,284
4,182
4,407
4,285
454.3
451.0 457.0 451.0
1,694.8 1,650.6 1,816.3 1,695.2

Local government
Transportation and public utilities
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions

10,922 10,821 11,267 11,074 11,257
489.0 487.9 487.0 486.6
673.4 656.8 687.1
688.8
6,041.3 6,111.5 6,446.0 6,278.8

Feb.
1991P

764.9

410.9

401.7

412.8

406.8

31.1

30.2

30.3

29.9

4,430

1,608.2 1,566.3 1,609.5 1,615.0

3,375.6 3,242.7 3,343.1 3,318.4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and




769.6

Jan.
1991P

3,024.6 2,920.6 2,879.3
950.9 972.6 920.1
818.6 819.5 824.3
1,255.1 1,128.5 1,134.9
37.8
37.5
37.0
22.8
21.7
23.7

State government
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions

56

751.5

Dec.
1990

1,858.3 1,836.8 1,840.1 1,830.0
651.1
641.7
640.6 635.7
402.9 412.8 392.4 403.0
393.5 380.6
394.3 384.5

38.7

2,940

Jan.
1990

57.9

38.5

2,980

Avg.
1990

769.3

933.6

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

62.9

Feb.
1991P

the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from
March 1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1989 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Avg.
1990

Dec.
1989

Oct.
1990

Nov.
1990

Dec.
1990

52,330

52,333

52,961

53,221

53,280

42,622

42,678

42,985

43,122

43,237

6,943

7,031

6,954

6,883

6,827

98

95

98

98

99

563

556

571

564

558

6,281

6,380

6,285

6,221

6,170

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,977
119
159
108
102
313
458
723
404
412
179

3,038
120
163
110
103
318
468
743
414
420
179

2,962
118
159
108
102
314
452
715
402
409
183

2,929
115
156
107
102
311
450
710
391
407
180

2,907
115
154
106
101
308
449
704
390
407
176

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,304
536
16
341
812
173
696
328
26
303
74

3,342
536
17
348
844
172
696
322
25
307
77

3,323
561
17
336
810
173
695
329
27
305
73

3,292
543
16
337
803
172
698
327
27
299
71

3,263
532
17
332
792
170
699
329
26
296
69

45,388

45,302

46,007

46,338

46,453

Transportation and public utilities

1,712

1,686

1,745

1,748

1,753

Wholesale trade

1,951

1,958

1,965

1,963

1,955

10,480

10,943

10,510

10,704

10,860

4,310

4,269

4,312

4,313

4,315

17,227

16,791

17,499

17,511

17,527

9,708
1,261
2,127
6,320

9,655
1,163
2,121
6,371

9,976
1,233
2,201
6,542

10,099
1,224
2,220
6,655

10,043
1,220
2,203
6,620

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade

.

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from
March 1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1989 forward are subject to
revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1990

1991

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
OH and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.P

109.958

110,122

110,177

110,617

110,829

110,740

110,613

110,612

110,432

110,165

110,004

109,771

109,587

91,917

91,963

91,922

92,120

92,282

92,300

92,320

92,306

92,112

91,840

91,701

91,491

91,283

25,339

25,259

25,180

25,191

25.162

25.105

25.013

24,931

24,777

24,511

24,416

24,184

24,086

727
402

729
403

734
405

738
408

744
413

745
413

735
410

736
410

733
411

738
414

740
414

737
415

739
417

5,368
1,368

5,313
1,351

5,256
1,338

5,286
1,334

5.270
1.334

5.229
1,319

5,194
1,307

5,176
1,306

5,093
1,278

5,029
1,254

4,983
1,243

4,833
1,222

4,860
1,220

19,244

19,217

19,190

19,167

19.148

19,131

19,084

19,019

18,951

18,744

18,693

18,614

18,487

11,278
751
518
568
756
272
1,418
2,126
1,720
2,023
828

11,261
751
518

11,229
750

11,217
748
516

11,201
743

11,179
742
511
552

11,129

11,068
737

11,026
730
507
546
751
271

10,865

10,831

379

10,773
704
491
529
738
267
1,378
2,055
1,638
1,884
752
976
380

10,656
692
482
527
728
263
1,354
2,040
1,629
1,853
736
973
378

7,862
1.654
47
680

7,841
1,657
46
675

7,831
1,666
46
668
995
694
1,563
1,085
160
837
117

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

1,009

565
754
270
1,418

2,119
1,718
2,022
825
1,008
388

516
560
755

271
1,419
2,112
1,713
2,014
820

1,005
385

559
755
271

1,417
2,112
1,711

515
556
756
270
1,415
2,108

1,703
2,021

2,104
1,695
2,015

826

824

1,000

996

990

384

386

384

7,950
1,650
46
703

7,947
1,643
47
702

7,952

7,955
1,650
48

1,031
698
1,581
1,085

1,029

1,651
46
708
1,036

865

1,648
46
709
1.037
698
1,578
1,083
159
867

131

131

130

868
129

1,582
1,086
160
871
128

84,619

84,863

84,997

85,426

85,667

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities

5,804
3,583
2,221

5,808
3,589
2,219

5.809
3,588
2,221

5,833
3,613
2,220

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,357
3,775
2,582

6,361
3,775
2,586

6,363
3,771
2,592

19,758
2,505
3,268
2,118
6,556

19,764
2,495
3,272
2,120
6,563

6,817
3,340
2,128
1,349

Services
Business services
Health services
Government
Federal
State
Local

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate




510
547
751
270
1,410
2,082
1,674
1,981
806
991
385

1,405
2,081

1,665
1,969
803
988
384

7.951

7,925

1,652
47
697

1,654
46
688

1,582
1,086
161
874

1,027
700
1,581
1,088
161
873

1,021
698
1,579

125

85,635

5,846
3,627
2.219

6,369
3,770
2,599

19,778
2,493
3,287
2,118
6,573

6,821
3,333
2,135
1,353

27,842
5,010
7,889

18,041
3,005
4,239
10,797

711

1,045
699
1,576
1,083
159

699
1,579

699

1,645
46
702
1,027
701
1,583

701
1,026
702

716
496
541
744
271
1,389
2,067
1,652
1,897
748
983
380
7,879
1,647
46
687
1,008

696
1,572

712
494
538
738
269
1,382
2,058
1,644
1,904

762
982

1,000
694
1,570
1,088
161
849

1,087

125

1,087
161
869
122

119

1,565
1,084
160
846
119

85,600

85,681

85,655

85,654

85,588

85,587

85,501

5,841
3,625
2,216

5,846
3.631
2,215

5,870
3,652
2,218

5,870
3,652
2,218

5,866
3,653
2,213

5,882
3,668
2,214

5,884
3,658
2,226

5,848
3,624
2,224

6,383
3.779
2,604

6.374
3.775
2.599

6,376
3,770
2,606

6,370
3.763
2.607

6,355
3,752
2,603

6,343
3.742
2,601

6,331
3,735
2,596

6,297
3,710
2,587

6,274
3,694
2,580

19,795
2,487
3,295
2,121
6,583

19,822
2,496
3,302
2,120
6,598

19.851
2,494
3.304
2,131
6,619

19.846
2.493
3.301
2,135
6.613

19.844
2,486
3,304
2,140
6,623

19,792
2,466
3,307
2,130
6,633

19,739
2,444
3,317
2,128
6,620

19,670
2,402
3,313
2,121
6,627

19,687
2,394
3,314
2,108
6,629

19,618
2,402
3,309
2,097
6,613

6,823
3,336
2,135
1,352

6,838
3,338
2,139
1,361

6,844
3,344
2,143
1,357

6,842
3,341
2,147
1,354

6,852
3,349
2,151
1,352

6,851
3,349
2,152
1,350

6,843
3,346
2,152
1,345

6,833
3,341
2,151
1,341

6,829
3,336
2,152
1,341

6,820
3,332
2,156
1,332

6,810
3,328
2,156
1,326

27,950
5,021
7,936

27,969
5,026
7,984

28,094
5,048
8,040

28,225
5,060
8,096

28,287
5,051
8,132

28,387
5,052
8,191

28,440
5,071
8,237

28,475
5,062
8,294

28,548
5,046
8,335

28,573
5,018
8,395

28,619
5,012
8,435

28,647
4,994
8,467

18,159
3,089
4,249
10,821

18,255
3,151
4,252
10,852

18,497
3,346
4,262
10,889

18,547
3,338
4,296

18,440
3,164
4,298
10,978

18,293
3,045
4,305
10,943

18,306
2,999
4,309
10,998

18,320
2,983
4,323
11,014

18,325
2,961
4,323
11,041

18,303
2,943
4,325

18,280
2,928
4,333
11,019

18,304
2,933
4,335
11,036

1,084
159
869

159

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March 1989 benchmark

58

2,096

817
1,002
387

7,961

Service-producing

513
551
755
271
1,419
1,685
1,997
814

2,010

7,956

7,966
1,650
47

759
271
1,419

739

10,913

1,088
160
874
126

161
855
120

11,035

levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data
from January 1986 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1989

1990

Industry
Dec.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures

Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
. Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

7,025

7,001

7,003

6,988

6,983

6,974

6,969

6,964

6,952

6,936

6,896

6,839

6,818

95

96

97

98

98

98

99

99

100

99

98

98

99

558

562

564

563

563

566

565

564

563

566

564

561

560

6,372

6,343

6,342

6,327

6,322

6,310

6,305

6,301

6,289

6,271

6,234

6,180

6,159

3,028
120
162
110
103
317
466
740
411
418
181

3,009
120
161
110
102
314
466
738
398
418
182

3,017
120
161
110
102
315
466
736
408
417
182

3,013
120
161
110
103
315
463
735
408
417
181

3,006
120
160
109
103
315
462
733
408
416
180

3,001
120
160
109
103
314
460
732
408
415
180

2,999
120
161
108
103
314
459
729
411
415
179

2,995
121
159
107
104
315
459
726
411
413
180

2,977
119
161
108
102
315
457
719
408
410
178

2,962
118
159
109
102
313
453
714
406
409
179

2,947
117
158
108
102
312
453
711
402
407
177

2,911
116
154
107
102
308
449
705
389
405
176

2,896
115
153
105
101
307
447
700
387
404
177

3,344
539
16
348
843
172
693
323

3,334
539
16
347
836
172
694
324
(1)
303
77

3,325
537
16
346
827
173
694
326

3,314
537
16
344
818
173
695
326

3,316
538
15
343
818
173
696
327

3,309
537
15
341
814
173
696
327

3,306
534
16
341
808
174
698
329

3,312
536
16
343
811
174
697
328

3,309
538
16
340
812
173
697
329

3,263
536
16
332
790
170
696
330

303
76

0

0

0

0

0

3,287
536
15
334
804
172
697
329
(1)
303

3,269
532
15
335
797
172
696
328

303

3,306
532
16
341
813
173
697
327
(1)
306

O

0

297

296
70

75

73

71

70

45,734

0
306

44,710
44,582
1,680

Transportation and public utilities

1,677
1,949

Wholesale trade

1,946
10,497

Retail trade

10,474
4,278

Finance, insurance, and real estate

4,267
Services

16,844
16,807
9,411
1,161
2,075
6,175

0

11

78

9,462
1,181
2,088
6,193

44,841
1,687
1,947
10,484
4,287
16,939
9,497
1,189
2,097
6,211

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard Industrial




Mar.

42,196 42,249 42,347 42,405 42,459 42,538 42,697 42,750 42,812 42,852 42,833 42,786 42,763

Service-producing

Government
Federal
State
Local

Feb.

51,607 51,711 51,844 51,968 52,082 52,295 52,507 52,597 52,620 52,642 52,610 52,582 52,552

Mining
Construction

Jan.

0

304
76

305
75

44,980 45,099 45,321
1,690

1,692

1,702

1,950

1,949

1,950

45,538 45,633
1,713
1,957

10,474 10,483 10,482
4,295

4,303

4,309

9,563
1,234
2,104
6,225

9,623
1,269
2,107
6,247

9,757
1,366
2,115
6,276

1,711
1,956

10,504 10,518
4,314

17,008 17,049 17,121

307

4,322

17,240 17,279
9,810 9,847
1,362 1,335
2,134 2,133
6,314 6,379

308
73

306
72

45,668 45,706
1,721
1,955

1,731

45,714 45,743
1,733

1,739

1,953

1,949

1,957

10,498 10,503
4,332

4,326

10,479 10,443
4,325

17,354 17,399
9,808
1,272
2,138
6,398

9,790
1,249
2,145
6,396

4,322

17,447 17,494
9,777 9,796
1,233 1,223
2,149 2,155
6,395 6,418

1,744
1,943
10,402
4,311
17,545
9,789
1,218
2,156
6,415

Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March 1989
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1986 forward are subject to revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1990

1991

Industry
Feb.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

74,512 74,545 74,496 74,651
17,810 17,742 17,667

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

p

Feb.p

74,827 74,799 74,779 74,753 74,606 74,342 74,195 73,980 73,781

17,673 17,651

17,613 17,527

17,435

17,314

17,076

16,993 16,773 16,708

521

523

527

530

537

537

528

528

531

531

534

530

532

4,205

4,158

4,094

4,120

4,107

4,066

4,031

4,008

3,934

3,874

3,833

3,678

3,712

13,084 13,061

13,046

12,968 12,899

12,849

12,671

12,626 12,565

12,464

13,023 13,007 13,010

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,488
620
411
444
575
208
1,044
1,280
1,083
1,244
634
503
284

7,479
620
411
440
573
207
1,044
1,276
1,084
1,246
632
503
282

7,461
619
409
436
574
208
1,047
1,274
1,082
1,239
628
502
279

7,450
617
408
434
574
208
1,045
1,274
1,080
1,238
626
499
281

7,439
612
408
432
574
207
1,043
1,270
1,078
1,250
634
495
277

7,438
610
404
429
577
208
1,047
1,271
1,073
1,253
633
493
281

7,395
607
406
428
572
207
1,046
1,263
1,065
1,239
622
490
279

7,337
606
403
426
570
207
1,039
1,247
1,056
1,224
615
487
279

7,308
599
400
425
570
208"
1,034
1,247
1,052
1,220
614
484
277

7,171
588
390
420
563
207
1,021
1,238
1,040
1,156
562
481
274

7,146
584
386
418
558
206
1,016
1,230
1,034
1,166
576
481
273

7,104
577
385
409
559
204
1,013
1,226
1,024
1,156
568
481
274

7,006
566
378
408
547
199
991
1,215
1,020
1,128
553
481
272

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,596
1,183
35
612
879
525
876
603
104
670
109

5,582
1,183
35
609
870
524
876
601
105
670
109

5,585
1,188
33
609
869
525
875
601
104
673
108

5,573
1,187
34
604
865
523
876
601
104
672
107

5,568
1,179
34
603
863
525
877
600
105
676
106

5,572
1,182
34
602
860
526
880
602
105
677
104

5,573
1,187
35
602
860
527
879
597
105
678
103

5,562
1,189
35
598
859
526
875
597
105
676
102

5,541
1,190
34
589
854
525
874
597
105
673
100

5,500
1,186
34
589
842
521
869
595
106
660

5,480
1,192
35
582
836
520
865
594
105
654

5,461
1,195
34
579
828
522
864
588
104
650

5,458
1,206
34
573
829
522
860
592
105
642

98

97

97

95

Service-producing

56,702 56,803 56,829 56,978 57,176 57,186 57,252 57,318 57,292

Transportation and public utilities

4,826

4,833

4,831

4,848

4,866

4,852

4,843

4,868

4,870

Wholesale trade

5,111

5,111

5,109

5,106

5,130

5,118

5,117

5,109

5,095

17,497 17,506 17,517 17,533

17,563

17,588

17,573

17,570

17,525

4,970

4,965

4,973

4,964

4,957

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

4,958

4,960

4,961

24,310 24,393 24,411 24,521 24,647 24,663 24,746 24,807 24,845

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

60



4,970

57,266 57,202 57,207 57,073
4,874

4,892

4,891

4,867

5,084

5,074

5,049

5,017

17,405 17,389

17,309

4,928

4,918

17,461
4,947

4,930

24,900 24,901

24,950 24,962

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March 1989
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1986 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991

64.5
55.6
P41.2

58.7
58.6
P39.7

58.0
53.7

57.0
49.9

55.6
55.8

57.3
49.9

55.8
50.8

57.7
48.2

50.0
45.8

55.2
42.3

59.6
38.8

56.6
41.4

Over 3-month span:
1989
1990
1991

65.3
58.4
31.7

64.2
56.7

60.0
54.8

60.1
53.1

59.7
53.7

58.3
55.3

59.7
50.1

54.5
45.2

55.2
40.9

55.8
36.8

57.7
35.0

60.3
P34.3

P

Over 6-month span:
1989
1990
1991

67.6
57.3

65.4
56.5

65.0
55.5

61.0
55.9

61.2
51.4

58.7
48.3

57.0
45.4

58.1
39.9

56.2
36.8

58.3
P33.4

57.4
P31.5

58.4

Over 12-month span:
1989
1990
1991

67.1
54.8

67.7
54.1

65.3
54.1

64.6
50.0

64.9
46.8

61.2
43.3

60.0
P40.4

59.8
P38.1

58.6

57.3

56.7

56.0

48.2
34.2

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991

60.4
42.4
P36.7

48.6
45.7
P33.1

50.4
45.3

47.1
46.8

45.3
45.7

45.7
40.3

45.0
48.2

45.7
40.6

34.2
38.1

48.6
36.3

43.5
25.2

Over 3-month span:
1989
1990
1991

54.0
40.3
P22.7

54.7
37.1

45.3
44.2

43.9
41.4

43.2
40.6

42.8
44.2

41.7
39.9

33.1
33.8

36.3
29.1

34.9
21.2

41.7
20.5

Over 6-month span:
1989
1990
1991

56.5
37.1

49.6
35.6

49.3
36.3

43.5
43.2

42.1
38.1

37.1
31.7

36.7
28.4

34.9
19.8

34.2
21.9

Over 12-month span:
1989
1990
1991

53.6
31.3

55.0
31.3

49.3
30.6

45.3
27.0

43.9
21.2

39.9
18.0

37.1
P19.4

35.6
15.8

33.8

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing




P

P

35.3
17.3

32.4

P

P

39.2
19.4

33.1
17.6

36.0

30.9

31.7

employment. Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March
1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data (beginning April 1989) and all seasonally adjusted data
(beginning January 1986) are subject to revision.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
• Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

1,606.0
412.7
133.1
171.3
132.1
65.6

1,650.8
425.3
137.5
181.1
137.8
67.3

1,626.8
420.4
135.6
179.3
135.6
66.3

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1991P

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1990
12.4
5.8

3.0

3.4

3.4

79.2
23.0
5.2
10.4
6.9
3.9

0

13.0
5.6

13.3
5.7
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

0

Jan.
1990

(1)

(1)

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991 p

79.0
23.2
5.4
10.9
7.4
4.3

75.6
22.9
5.5
11.9
7.3
4.0

214.1

228.2

221.4

9.9

11.1

10.8

7.2

9.0

7.9

1,455.5
961.5
250.4

1,536.8
1,016.6
260.6

1,508.0
999.8
254.4

12.1
.8
2.1

12.6
.7
2.3

12.6
.7
2.2

79.8
53.5
14.3

81.5
54.8
14.4

79.1
52.7
14.4

895.2
54.2
76.7
247.2
34.0

939.1
57.1
79.7
256.7
34.1

921.0
55.8
78.6
252.4
33.4

3.7
.8

33.8
1.7
2.6
9.8
1.6

37.7
1.7
2.7
11.0
1.3

33.7
1.6
2.5
10.2
1.2

12,633.1
1,195.4
168.4
218.4
4,239.1
115.2
882.2
231.6
717.6
614.1
976.9
961.2
825.0
149.5
138.6
149.4
136.1

13,013.8
1,226.9
174.2
240.1
4,337.7
121.4
919.7
238.6
763.4
638.8
1,002.1
993.7
832.2
152.7
150.8
156.2
142.5

12,780.6
1,204.9
172.9
235.8
4,256.7
119.2
901.7
234.6
753.6
628.8
986.5
974.4
823.3
151.5
148.4
154.3
139.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,478.1
113.9
813.9

1,554.5
119.9
852.9

1,529.2
116.8
840.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,633.9
193.9
477.6
63.9
255.8
120.2
84.6

1,654.7
193.2
479.2
63.7
260.5
121.6
84.6

1,610.9
188.6
473.0
62.1
253.5
118.5
81.8

335.1
290.5

344.9
298.1

340.0
294.0

District of Columbia '.
Washington MSA

677.2
2,206.9

689.7
2,253.2

680.6
2,199.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,332.3
121.7
512.4
128.3
99.5
416.0
157.5
163.0
876.3
553.3
127.6
116.3
122.0
870.2
363.6

5,467.5
126.3
526.7
134.3
102.8
431.3
159.9
166.3
898.8
574.1
131.2
121.7
128.1
896.5
371.5

5,399.0
124.5
523.0
134.1
100.9
423.8
158.5
164.6
891.0
565.7
128.8
121.0
125.8
888.7
369.4

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

....

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

62




4.1
(1)
1.0

4.0
(1)

0

.9

(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

38.8
1.3
13.6
.6
8.4
(2)
3.4
2.4
1.4
.6
.7
.6
.2
1.2
.5
.1
.5

38.6
1.3
14.3
.6
8.3
(2)
3.0
2.2
1.4
.5
.7
.6
.2
1.2
.5
.1
.6

38.0
1.2
14.3
.6
8.2
(2)
2.8
2.1
1.4
.5
.7
.6
.2
1.2
.5
.1
.5

645.2
68.9
10.8
13.1
157.2
8.3
50.0
17.2
64.5
37.2
62.1
35.1
33.0
7.3
10.1
8.9
10.4

645.0
63.0
11.3
14.8
158.8
8.0
51.3
17.2
63.6
38.3
59.7
38.2
33.9
7.2
10.6
9.4
11.7

613.5
59.1
11.2
13.8
152.3
8.0
48.7
16.9
59.9
35.4
57.3
35.8
32.2
7.2
10.1
8.8
10.9

20.1

55.5
3.5
29.0

63.2
3.6
33.9

59.5
3.3
31.5

.7

60.7
6.8
16.6
3.7
10.2
4.1
3.4

58.6
6.8
15.4
3.7
9.3
4.1
3.5

51.7
6.2
13.4
3.1
8.2
3.7
2.9

(1)

19.3

(1)

20.2

0

(1)

(1)

10.8

11.0

.9
(2)
1

( )
(2)

9
(2) .1

1.0
(2)

(2)

9

O
(11)
()

V)
02
()

.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

18.8
16.2

19.3
17.0

17.8
15.5

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

.1
1.1

14.2
135.7

14.4
125.8

14.0
118.8

8.3

329.9
8.1
33.2
13.1
4.3
26.2
8.5
9.3
39.3
37.0
7.9
9.8
5.6
50.0
27.0

299.9
7.7
33.0
12.5
3.9
23.6
8.7
8.7
37.5
35.4
7.5
9.3
5.5
48.1
24.2

288.0
7.5
31.8
12.1
4.0
23.3
8.3
8.5
37.0
34.5
7.3
9.2
5.4
47.0
23.0

8.4

9.1

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)

.3

(2)

.2

(2)

(2)

.9

(2)

.4
/2\

(2)

.8

.8
(2)

.4

.2

.7
3.7

.7
3.8

.7
4.1

(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)

.4
(2)
2

2

( )

( )

.6
(2)

11.1

.5

.6
(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1990
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

381.9
56.1
33.1
26.8
17.4
10.2

Dec.
1990
381.8
56.6
33.4
28.0
18.1
10.1

Jan.
1991?
379.0
56.6
33.2
27.4
17.8
10.1

Jan.
1990
82.3
32.6
3.1
10.0
5.5
2.0

Dec.
1990
84.3
32.7
3.2
10.1
5.9
2.1

Jan.
1991?
83.9
32.5
3.2
10.0
5.8
2.1

Jan.
1990
348.3
99.3
24.6
45.3
30.7
13.6

Dec.
1990
364.8
101.5
26.1
48.4
31.7
14.6

Jan.
1991P
350.9
97.8
24.9
46.7
30.2
14.0

11.4

11.3

11.9

18.1

19.7

19.2

42.6

46.4

43.9

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

185.8
138.7
26.8

184.8
137.3
26.4

183.2
136.2
26.3

80.4
57.0
9.6

83.7
60.3
9.6

82.3
59.1
9.4

364.4
244.0
59.7

388.9
262.9
62.1

380.2
256.3
60.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

229.6
13.8
24.1
33.2
6.4

232.0
13.9
24.3
33.0
6.1

231.7
14.0
24.6
33.0
6.1

54.6
4.8
4.3
16.5
2.7

57.1
4.9
4.8
16.6
2.7

56.4
5.0
4.8
16.3
2.6

200.7
11.9
16.5
60.2
7.3

210.9
12.7
16.8
62.5
7.5

204.5
12.3
16.2
61.0
7.2

2,111.7
252.0
10.7
23.6
860.6
23.1
111.8
33.1
88.2
43.7
137.0
80.0
265.6
21.8
20.9
22.6
12.1

2,087.8
251.9
10.9
26.0
840.0
24.5
113.7
31.7
90.8
45.4
135.4
78.7
260.3
21.7
21.8
23.6
12.7

2,061.8
250.0
10.8
25.3
830.6
23.9
113.2
31.6
90.2
44.8
134.6
79.0
259.2
21.7
21.5
23.5
12.1

616.6
36.6
8.0
12.3
217.0
4.8
60.0
11.9
34.3
27.6
36.5
77.5
22.2
5.5
6.3
8.5
4.8

638.1
38.6
8.5
13.2
224.8
5.3
63.1
12.6
36.5
29.0
37.5
79.1
23.5
5.6
7.1
8.8
5.1

628.7
38.2
8.2
12.9
221.5
5.3
62.4
12.3
35.1
28.5
37.1
78.2
23.1
5.5
6.9
8.6
5.0

2,988.0
299.6
40.2
56.1
963.7
30.1
218.1
56.6
179.2
143.8
235.1
214.0
169.1
34.2
35.8
35.6
33.9

3,109.1
309.5
41.3
61.8
996.9
32.4
230.2
60.5
193.9
151.8
241.3
219.4
172.5
35.3
40.2
36.8
36.4

3,008.4
300.8
40.4
59.3
960.0
31.5
223.5
58.4
189.9
146.8
234.8
212.8
168.8
34.5
39.2
36.1
35.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

192.1
30.3
94.1

193.8
30.6
94.1

192.9
30.2
94.0

95.2
2.3
69.6

98.5
2.4
71.1

97.0
2.4
70.0

363.0
24.1
201.4

383.7
26.0
211.2

375.2
24.8
206.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

349.0
52.1
84.0
18.3
45.4
20.1
21.3

337.6
48.7
84.2
18.1
43.6
19.4
19.4

334.9
48.5
82.9
18.3
43.4
19.1
18.4

72.9
8.1
19.3
3.3
17.4
6.0
3.4

74.6
8.7
19.6
3.4
17.5
6.3
3.4

73.4
8.3
19.2
3.3
17.0
6.2
3.4

368.4
44.5
104.6
13.5
56.9
27.9
17.9

378.1
44.6
104.8
13.8
55.7
28.8
17.9

361.7
43.3
102.5
13.3
54.6
28.0
17.4

Delaware
Wilmington

68.3
59.9

69.7
59.5

71.3
61.2

15.1
16.3

15.7
17.2

15.2
16.9

74.1
60.9

77.4
63.2

74.2
60.0

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

15.8
88.2

15.6
86.4

15.4
85.5

24.1
107.2

23.7
109.9

23.5
107.3

60.3
429.2

62.1
447.7

59.4
426.9

531.3
12.4
43.4
6.0
5.6
37.4
23.6
30.2
88.7
54.9
11.8
8.5
4.8
93.8
34.1

514.0
12.2
43.7
5.9
5.6
36.0
23.0
30.7
87.9
53.2
11.4
8.8
4.5
90.9
33.2

510.7
12.1
43.3
5.9
5.6
35.6
23.1
30.3
87.5
52.9
11.3
8.6
4.5
90.3
33.2

270.9
4.1
23.3
5.4
2.0
28.2
7.5
4.4
70.4
29.1
6.7
3.6
3.1
40.9
14.1

281.7
4.4
23.7
5.8
2.0
29.9
7.6
4.6
73.4
30.2
6.4
3.7
3.2
42.5
15.0

275.4
4.3
23.3
5.8
1.9
28.9
7.5
4.6
72.0
29.3
6.4
3.7
3.1
41.7
14.9

1,450.7
35.7
152.9
38.8
21.5
110.4
44.0
37.9
238.1
146.0
31.6
35.0
26.4
240.7
99.0

1,494.9
37.0
156.4
42.0
22.1
118.7
45.0
39.1
246.2
150.7
33.3
35.9
27.9
249.2
101.5

1,459.9
36.2
154.5
41.7
21.5
114.8
44.4
38.5
241.4
147.4
32.0
35.5
27.2
246.6
100.8

Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
-.
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Jan.
1990
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

72.9
30.2
3.8
8.0
8.1
2.1

Dec.
1990
74.8
30.9
4.0
8.0
8.6
2.1

Jan.
1991?
74.4
31.1
3.9
8.0
8.5
2.1

Jan.
1990
305.6
101.0
31.7
41.4
29.5
10.2

Dec.
1990
322.6
107.9
33.5
43.7
31.1
9.8

Jan.
1991*
320.3
106.8
33.2
43.7
30.9
9.8

Jan.
1990
323.4
64.7
31.6
29.4
34.0
20.6

Dec.
1990
330.2
66.8
31.9
32.0
35.0
20.9

Jan.
1991P
329.7
67.1
31.7
31.6
35.1
20.8

Alaska

10.0

10.2

10.2

46.7

49.7

48.9

68.2

70.8

68.6

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

92.7
73.8
11.7

95.8
76.4
11.8

95.3
76.1
11.6

391.0
266.1
71.9

416.2
283.2
76.0

413.6
281.0
76.4

249.3
127.6
54.3

273.3
141.0
58.0

261.7
137.7
53.2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.6
1.6
2.7
15.4
1.3

38.4
1.7
2.7
15.7
1.2

38.0
1.7
2.7
15.6
1.2

178.3
9.3
17.2
63.8
7.3

195.1
9.9
18.9
67.5
7.2

192.7
9.8
18.6
66.5
7.2

156.5
11.1
8.3
48.3
7.4

163.9
12.3
8.6
50.4
8.1

160.3
11.4
8.4
49.8
7.9

835.6
99.9
6.5
12.7
288.4
4.8
56.8
12.7
31.0
39.5
67.0
108.3
32.4
8.5
8.4
9.5
5.0

849.1
103.5
6.9
13.8
294.6
4.9
57.8
12.1
33.8
42.0
67.2
108.6
32.6
8.6
8.9
9.5
5.3

843.2
103.2
6.9
13.8
293.0
4.9
57.5
12.0
33.7
41.7
66.7
108.4
32.4
8.6
8.9
9.5
5.3

3,350.9
313.6
35.2
50.4
1,207.6
23.8
216.2
55.1
172.6
138.3
264.4
308.7
213.8
42.0
32.7
32.0
30.8

3,540.9
330.1
36.3
55.4
1,273.7
25.1
231.4
57.6
189.0
145.0
279.2
326.4
219.5
44.0
36.7
33.7
33.1

3,490.0
324.4
35.9
54.7
1,251.9
24.6
226.0
56.8
189.0
144.4
274.8
319.8
217.8
43.6
36.3
33.3
32.8

2,046.3
123.5
43.4
49.6
536.2
20.3
165.9
42.6
146.4
183.4
174.1
137.0
88.7
29.0
23.9
32.2
38.6

2,105.2
129.0
44.7
54.5
540.6
21.2
169.2
44.7
154.4
186.8
181.1
142.7
89.7
29.1
25.0
34.3
37.6

2,097.0
128.0
45.2
55.4
539.2
21.0
167.6
44.5
154.4
186.7
180.5
139.8
89.6
29.2
25.0
34.4
37.8

96.1
4.2
63.2

97.7
4.2
64.7

97.8
4.2
64.9

389.1
27.2
221.4

411.3
29.1
233.7

408.7
29.0
231.3

267.8
22.3
124.4

286.1
24.0
133.2

278.0
22.9
131.2

151.2
12.0
74.6
3.6
16.7
13.8
4.7

149.9
11.3
74.3
2.8
16.6
14.1
4.5

149.1
11.4
73.9
2.8
16.6
14.0
4.6

421.4
50.1
115.4
14.9
76.8
37.5
21.2

439.4
53.2
116.5
14.8
85.6
38.2
22.5

430.1
51.2
116.8
14.5
81.8
37.1
22.0

209.4
20.3
63.1
6.6
32.4
10.8
12.7

215.5
19.9
64.4
7.1
32.2
10.7
13.4

209.3
19.7
64.3
6.8
31.9
10.4
13.1

30.6
27.3

31.8
28.7

31.9
28.8

81.4
72.7

84.4
75.3

83.0
74.2

46.7
37.0

46.5
37.0

46.5
37.2

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

33.8
130.3

33.2
130.0

32.8
128.8

253.0
734.1

263.4
760.2

257.7
746.6

275.9
581.0

277.2
592.0

277.7
584.1

Florida
Daytona Beach:
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

367.0
5.7
40.5
9.2
4.5
40.8
9.1
5.8
70.3
32.0
5.4
8.3
5.1
64.0
28.8

368.2
5.7
40.7
9.3
4.6
42.6
9.1
5.7
70.6
32.3
5.6
8.3
5.3
64.5
28.4

364.0
5.7
40.5
9.2
4.6
42.2
9.0
5.6
70.0
32.1
5.6
8.3
5.3
64.0
28.4

1,544.4
35.0
152.3
36.4
25.3
109.5
38.0
51.9
248.8
190.1
33.0
37.8
26.6
265.7
114.9

1,629.6
37.0
157.8
37.9
26.0
114.4
38.5
53.8
259.6
204.9
35.0
41.6
27.9
282.9
121.2

1,627.2
36.9
158.8
38.5
26.0
113.5
38.5
53.4
259.9
203.2
34.9
41.7
28.0
282.8
121.5

829.0
20.7
66.5
19.3
36.2
62.8
22.7
23.4
119.8
64.1
30.8
13.2
50.2
114.5
45.7

870.8
22.3
71.2
20.8
38.5
65.4
24.2
23.7
122.8
67.3
31.6
14.1
53.5
117.8
48.0

865.5
21.8
70.6
20.8
37.2
64.8
24.0
23.7
122.4
66.2
30.9
14.0
52.0
115.8
47.6

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

64




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

2,937.8
49.4
67.8
1,451.9
177.4
94.9
125.4
109.6

3,019.7
51.6
69.0
1,499.9
185.0
97.3
130.5
115.9

2,965.4
51.3
68.0
1,473.2
182.8
96.7
128.2
114.8

(2)

(2)

Hawaii
Honolulu

513.3
399.2

540.0
417.8

533.1
412.2

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

Idaho
Boise City

364.3
100.5

395.5
108.4

384.3
105.4

(1)

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,160.6
145.9
64.8
87.1
3,149.0
159.0
52.5
102.7
34.9
209.4
146.8
134.4
103.6

5,300.3
151.9
66.5
93.2
3,203.3
164.6
54.6
107.6
36.4
219.7
150.9
138.5
106.8

5,216.4
148.7
65.9
88.7
3,157.9
161.3
52.8
104.1
35.9
214.3
147.9
135.8
105.2

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,462.7
49.2
55.5
99.3
131.9
198.3
241.8
654.0
45.0
69.7
53.3
117.1
57.3

2,543.4
51.1
56.5
101.7
137.3
204.4
250.7
679.1
46.3
72.3
55.8
121.8
60.1

2,497.8
50.3
56.2
100.1
134.8
199.4
246.9
669.7
45.4
70.0
53.9
119.6
59.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,188.0
92.6
225.8
43.5
55.0
54.7
67.6

1,237.1
95.6
235.4
45.5
58.7
56.0
72.3

1,208.7
93.5
232.9
44.2
56.1
55.0
70.8

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,062.3
35.5
90.8
238.9

1,097.0
37.9
90.7
245.8

1,073.2
35.9
88.8
243.6

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,430.7
193.7
463.3
36.0

1,497.0
198.9
489.9
37.1

1,472.2
196.0
480.4
36.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,544.1
45.9
229.2
55.3
91.4
64.0
57.5
524.7
127.6

1,622.8
46.7
238.2
58.7
100.3
66.6
59.2
544.8
134.0

1,611.6
46.4
235.7
57.6
98.2
66.1
58.2
538.3
133.1

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

Jan.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Dec.
1990

8.6
(2)

8.6
(2)

.1
1.2
.5
.1
.2

19.2

2.0
(1)
(1)

01
(1)
(1)
()
(11)
()
7.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.1
(1)
(1)
.8

f22)
()

30.5
23.2

33.1
24.5

32.7
24.2

3.7

14.5
5.1

19.7
6.3

17.1
5.6

19.3

193.9
7.4
1.6
2.2
117.3
4.6
2.8
6.6
1.5
10.3
6.4
4.5
2.8

212.6
9.0
1.7
2.5
123.9
5.4
3.2
8.2
1.7
11.7
7.6
5.9
3.7

194.5
8.3
1.5
2.2
115.7
4.9
2.8
6.9
1.7
10.4
7.2
5.5
3.3

103.2
1.3
2.0
2.9
6.5
8.8
13.7
33.1
1.1
2.5
1.9
5.4
2.1

119.8
1.4
2.2
3.6
7.0
9.8
16.1
38.2
1.4
2.8
2.3
7.2
2.7

110.3
1.3
2.1
3.3
6.2
9.0
15.1
35.7
1.2
2.4
2.1
6.4
2.4

01
(1)
()
2.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
7.4
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.0
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(2)

135.2
3.0
2.6
60.9
18.1
5.4
4.9
11.1

8.0
(1)
(1)
(1)

0

1.9
(1)
(1)

.8

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

Jan.
1991P

143.1
3.1
2.6
65.1
18.3
5.6
5.0
11.1

(1)

19.6
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.0
(1)
1
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

Dec.
1990

140.7
2.4
2.5
65.4
16.6
5.3
5.4
8.5

.1
1.1
.6
.1
.1

3.8
(1)

01
(1)
()

8.6
(2)

.1
1.1
.6
.1
.2

3.5

Jan.
1990

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.5

.5

.5

1.6

2.0

1.7

0)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
()

0)
(1)
(11)
(1)
()
(1)

34.5
3.6
7.5
1.2
1.3
1.8
1.9

42.4
4.5
9.6
1.7
1.7
2.4
2.4

36.5
4.4
9.1
1.5
1.5
2.2
2.1

1.8

10.5
(1)
1
()
2.1

10.2
(1)
1
()
2.0

36.6
1.3
3.3
8.3

41.0
1.7
3.0
10.3

36.6
1.4
2.8
8.9

34.8
.2
.5
.4

35.6
.2
.5
.5

35.3
.2
.5
.5

60.0
9.4
21.3
2.2

67.7
10.6
23.4
2.3

63.8
9.6
22.5
2.1

54.2
.1
.8
5.4
11.8
1.3
.4
13.7
3.1

56.0
.1
.8
5.7
13.3
1.4
.4
14.0
3.2

56.0
.1
.8
5.6
13.2
1.3
.4
14.1
3.1

86.5
2.8
28.4
1.7
3.7
4.8
2.6
21.5
5.4

93.9
3.1
26.8
2.0
4.6
5.7
2.7
23.9
6.1

93.1
2.9
26.9
2.0
4.4
5.6
2.7
23.7
5.8

(1)
(1)

01
(1)
()
0)
9.5
(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

560.4
7.9
15.5
174.0
40.1
20.4
18.5
17.2

550.6
8.3
15.0
170.9
41.3
20.2
18.7
17.4

545.0
8.3
14.9
168.8
41.2
20.3
18.7
17.5

193.3
2.8
1.9
125.9
4.6
3.3
5.1
9.1

199.9
2.9
1.9
130.9
4.7
3.1
5.2
9.5

198.8
2.9
1.9
130.4
4.7
3.1
5.2
9.6

729.0
12.0
15.1
396.8
37.8
20.5
28.4
26.5

763.6
12.4
16.0
414.i.1
41.1
20.6
30.8
27.9

737.9
12.2
15.6
401.6
39.2
20.4
28.9
26.7

Hawaii
Honolulu .

21.0
15.9

20.6
15.5

20.7
15.7

40.7
33.0

43.0
35.1

42.8
35.0

133.3
100.7

138.6
104.7

135.7
102.4

Idaho
Boise City.

60.4
15,0

63.5
16.2

62.7
16.1

19.0
5.6

20.3
5.8

19.8
5.8

93.0
25.9

100.7
27.6

97.1
26.5

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

980.9
38.9
7.7
9.4
558.4
32.1
14.5
19.6
5.6
47.8
34.3
48.3
4.3

976.2
38.3
7.9
9.8
557.1
32.1
14.4
19.6
5.7
48.6
33.8
48.3
4.3

970.3
38.2
7.7
9.7
551.6
31.9
14.2
19.5
5.8
48.5
33.1
47.9
4.3

304.5
3.6
3.0
2.3
204.9
7.1
4.2
8.4
2.1
5.8
7.1
4.7
4.8

309.3
3.7
3.1
2.3
208.9
7.3
4.3
8.5
2.2
5.9
7.0
4.8
4.8

308.7
3.7
3.1
2.3
207.3
7.3
4.3
8.5
2.1
5.9
7.1
4.8
4.8

1,245.5
39.3
14.6
19.0
758.2
45.9
11.4
24.5
8.7
56.7
34.8
29.0
23.4

1,286.9
41.8
15.6
20.0
775.0
48.8
12.3
25.4
9.1
60.4
35.7
30.3
24.0

1,254.6
40.6
14.7
18.8
758.4
47.1
11.5
24.6
8.8
58.3
35.2
29.3
23.3

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette .
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka....
Terre Haute

628.2
16.4
9.6
50.2
30.3
50.4
57.0
108.1
18.0
13.7
11.0
22.1
10.6

624.5
16.0
9.4
49.7
30.2
48.3
57.0
109.7
17.4
13.9
11.2
21.7
10.9

620.1
16.0
9.4
49.1
29.9
48.0
56.8
109.2
17.3
13.9
11.2
21.5
10.8

129.7
1.2
1.6
3.3
7.0
13.2
16.5
42.4
1.4
1.9
2.6
5.5
2.8

133.4
1.2
1.7
3.4
7.0
13.9
16.5
44.0
1.4
2.0
2.7
5.7
2.8

129.9
1.2
1.7
3.3
6.9
13.5
16.3
43.2
1.3
2.0
2.7
5.6
2.7

589.5
11.5
12.4
18.7
34.8
51.4
57.5
168.9
10.1
14.5
12.6
30.7
15.5

613.6
12.5
13.2
19.1
36.8
53.0
60.2
176.4
10.8
15.2
13.4
31.9
16.6

597.1
12.0
13.0
18.5
35.9
51.1
58.9
172.5
10.5
14.7
12.7
31.3
16.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

234.7
23.0
26.1
12.2
4.5
11.1
15.6

234.8
21.9
26.6
12.2
4.4
10.8
17.0

232.2
21.5
26.4
11.9
4.4
10.5
16.9

55.3
6.0
12.9
1.6
1.4
3.3
1.8

55.9
6.0
12.5
1.7
1.4
3.2
1.8

55.2
6.1
12.2
1.7
1.4
3.1
1.8

299.4
21.9
58.5
10.3
10.5
14.0
16.3

313.0
23.1
60.3
10.8
11.2
14.5
17.1

303.6
22.2
59.3
10.4
10.7
14.1
16.7

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

182.0
4.8
9.3
64.2

186.2
4.7
9.5
64.3

182.0
4.6
9.5
64.8

65.8
.9
7.2
11.6

67.6
1.0
6.9
11.5

68.3
.9
6.8
11.5

264.0
8.0
20.3
56.1

271.5
8.4
19.9
57.6

264.0
8.0
18.9
56.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette..
Louisville
Owensboro

282.1
34.2
86.5
6.5

286.8
34.3
90.1
6.6

283.2
34.1
87.7
6.5

78.1
9.0
30.0
2.1

82.1
9.3
31.8
2.3

80.4
9.1
30.4
2.3

342.5
43.8
116.2
9.6

361.2
46.4
124.7
9.7

350.8
44.7
121.4
9.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

176.7
3.5
21.7
4.8
8.3
11.9
7.5
43.5
15.5

186.2
3.2
23.1
6.0
9.3
11.4
7.8
46.1
17.9

184.3
3.2
23.2
5.7
9.0
11.5
7.7
45.1
17.6

109.4
2.3
10.8
6.6
6.8
4.0
3.3
43.4
7.9

110.8
2.3
11.2
6.6
7.3
4.3
3.1
43.9
8.1

110.2
2.3
11.3
6.5
7.3
4.2
3.0
44.1
8.0

360.6
10.5
52.1
14.0
23.9
14.9
14.8
132.1
31.4

382.1
10.7
54.8
14.7
26.2
15.5
15.4
137.8
32.9

375.5
10.6
54.1
14.5
25.7
15.2
15.2
134.5
32.5

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins..
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

66



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

162.1
2.1
2.1
107.7
6.1
6.1
7.5
4.7

163.4
2.1
2.2
108.3
6.0
6.3
8.0
5.1

162.9
2.2
2.1
108.1
5.9
6.2
8.0
5.1

617.2
8.7
10.7
363.5
36.0
18.2
25.0
26.4

650.6
9.1
11.0
381.9
36.6
20.5
27.0
27.9

638.1
9.1
10.7
374.5
36.5
20.0
26.8
27.8

526.5
13.5
19.9
217.4
35.7
21.0
35.3
17.2

539.9
13.6
20.3
227.4
36.5
21.0
35.5
16.9

539.0
13.6
20.1
227.8
36.7
21.1
35.6
16.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.6
28.7

37.5
30.0

37.2
29.8

151.0
113.4

157.8
116.8

157.7
116.9

101.2
84.3

109.4
91.2

106.3
88.2

Idaho
Boise City

19.3
7.9

20.1
8.3

19.9
8.2

76.8
22.1

83.0
24.3

82.3
23.3

77.8
18.9

84.4
19.9

81.7
19.9

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

373.5
8.3
11.1
3.1
266.1
7.6
2.3
3.6
1.8
13.1
7.5
5.6
8.0

373.3
8.3
11.3
3.3
265.9
7.8
2.3
3.7
1.8
13.2
7.7
5.6
8.2

373.4
8.3
11.3
3.3
265.5
7.8
2.3
3.8
1.8
13.3
7.6
5.6
8.2

1,298.7
32.8
13.8
17.9
870.4
35.6
11.9
22.9
8.7
45.2
40.5
30.0
26.8

1,350.4
34.3
14.4
18.3
890.0
37.0
12.2
24.3
9.3
47.5
41.9
31.2
27.1

1,335.5
33.6
14.3
18.2
884.1
36.6
12.1
23.4
9.2
46.4
41.2
30.4
26.9

744.4
15.6
13.0
33.2
371.7
26.1
5.4
17.1
6.5
30.5
16.2
12.3
33.5

772.0
16.5
12.5
37.0
380.5
26.2
5.9
17.9
6.6
32.4
17.2
12.4
34.7

760.1
16.0
13.3
34.2
373.3
25.7
5.6
17.4
6.5
31.5
16.5
12.3
34.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

120.7
1.6
1.9
3.0
5.3
12.9
8.3
48.9
1.4
3.1
1.7
6.1
2.1

123.3
1.6
1.8
2.8
5.5
12.9
8.5
49.9
1.3
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.1

122.8
1.5
1.8
2.8
5.5
12.9
8.5
50.1
1.3
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.1

510.6
10.7
9.7
15.2
33.2
42.9
55.7
154.4
7.1
12.8
11.5
35.6
12.6

537.2
11.5
10.3
16.6
35.4
46.8
58.8
159.7
7.4
13.0
12.0
37.0
12.8

533.5
11.5
10.2
16.5
35.2
45.5
58.2
158.5
7.4
12.9
11.9
36.7
12.8

373.2
6.5
18.3
6.0
12.6
18.8
33.1
97.5
5.8
21.1
12.0
11.6
11.1

383.7
6.9
17.9
6.5
13.5
19.7
33.7
100.4
6.5
22.3
12.6
12.0
11.8

376.7
6.9
18.2
6.6
13.3
19.3
33.2
99.6
6.4
21.1
11.8
11.7
11.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

68.0
4.8
31.0
1.5
1.4
2.5
2.9

69.9
4.8
32.0
1.5
1.4
2.5
3.2

70.1
4.8
32.1
1.6
1.4
2.6
3.1

279.0
22.9
58.4
13.2
9.5
15.5
16.1

293.6
23.5
61.8
13.6
9.8
16.2
17.2

288.6
23.2
61.7
13.3
9.8
16.2
16.8

215.5
10.4
31.4
3.5
26.4
6.5
13.0

225.5
11.8
32.6
4.0
26.8
6.4
13.6

220.8
11.3
32.1
3.8
26.9
6.3
13.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

57.5
1.6
6.5
10.9

58.1
1.6
6.4
11.5

58.0
1.5
6.3
11.3

234.4
7.4
22.4
57.3

244.5
8.0
22.9
58.9

242.4
7.6
22.8
59.1

212.5
11.5
21.8
28.7

217.6
12.5
22.1
29.6

211.7
11.9
21.7
29.1

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

60.2
9.4
27.5
1.5

60.9
9.5
27.9
1.5

60.7
9.5
27.8
1.5

314.0
47.6
118.4
8.2

332.8
49.4
126.3
8.6

331.2
48.6
125.3
8.4

259.0
40.1
62.9
5.5

269.9
39.2
65.2
5.6

266.8
40.2
64.8
5.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

78.5
2.2
12.8
2.1
3.3
2.7
4.4
31.6
6.2

78.9
2.1
13.0
2.1
3.4
2.6
4.3
31.3
6.3

78.8
2.1
13.0
2.1
3.3
2.6
4.4
31.1
6.3

360.3
11.7
51.4
10.3
20.9
13.7
12.9
150.3
31.7

380.6
12.3
54.5
10.8
22.5
14.6
13.3
157.4
32.7

378.8
12.3
54.5
10.8
22.0
14.5
13.2
155.7
32.9

317.9
12.8
51.2
10.4
12.7
10.7
11.6
88.6
26.4

334.3
12.9
54.0
10.8
13.7
11.1
12.2
90.4
26.8

334.9
12.9
51.9
10.4
13.3
11.2
11.6
90.0
26.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructioni

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Dec.
1990

0.2

0.1

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

0.1

26.8
1.8
6.9

25.8
1.8
5.5

23.8
1.7
5.0

1.9
.5

150.1
70.1
17.6
65.4

154.4
73.5
18.4
66.0

145.5
67.8
16.8
63.2

1.2
.5

99.3
51.7
2.5
1.6
1.6
5.6
3.7
2.1
2.2
7.2
6.8

89.5
47.8
2.2
1.6
1.3
5.3
3.3
1.9
1.8
7.5
6.1

76.2
41.7
1.8
1.3
1.1
4.4
2.8
1.7
1.5
6.4
5.3

127.5
4.2
1.9
1.6
59.4
4.6
15.5
1.7
3.7
6.0
2.2
7.4

132.9
4.3
2.1
1.9
61.7
5.1
15.8
2.2
3.9
5.7
2.3
8.3

118.2
3.8
1.8
1.8
54.9
4.5
14.3
2.0
3.6
5.5
2.1
7.5

7.3
5.3

65.8
3.0
43.2
1.9
2.9

71.2
3.1
46.2
2.2
3.3

62.2
2.8
40.4
2.0
2.6

6.0
.6

34.0
7.1

36.4
7.5

33.3
7.0

4.6

91.5
29.8
54.9
4.5

96.8
32.9
54.1
4.5

87.6
28.2
45.8
4.4

525.7
39.7
129.1

530.3
39.8
129.0

515.7
38.5
125.1

2,116.4
1,127.7
459.0
762.0

2,192.0
1,160.4
470.5
789.1

2,123.2
1,126.7
460.9
764.4

2,978.4
1,674.6
71.1
53.8
39.6
155.7
102.2
64.1
42.2
235.0
195.2

2,953.0
1,662.5
70.7
53.0
38.0
153.8
99.5
63.9
42.5
234.5
190.7

2,847.6
1,599.8
68.0
51.1
36.6
148.2
96.8
62.2
40.3
228.4
183.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo '.
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,842.9
172.9
59.5
65.5
1,895.0
158.3
348.6
53.8
112.3
209.9
58.6
151.9

3,972.9
188.2
62.0
67.7
1,959.4
173.0
361.6
55.5
117.7
217.4
59.0
167.5

3,853.0
181.0
60.2
65.5
1,885.8
169.3
352.6
54.0
114.4
213.4
58.4
162.7

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,070.3
94.8
1,341.5
63.4
76.7

2,138.3
98.6
1,379.4
66.8
80.6

2,089.3
97.3
1,347.8
66.3
78.4

916.4
182.4

947.2
188.4

932.9
184.8

2,287.1
783.8
1,161.4
118.8

2,354.3
793.1
1,195.8
124.1

2,283.3
769.7
1,159.7
121.9

Montana

284.2

299.4

292.8

5.7

6.3

6.0

7.9

9.5

7.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

704.4
117.7
320.2

749.8
125.0
338.6

737.3
121.5
333.1

1.2

1.6

1.4

22.3
3.8
10.8

27.4
4.1
12.8

25.2
3.4
11.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

595.9
359.9
139.2

641.6
391.0
147.3

630.4
386.0
142.5

14.6
.3
1.5

44.8
33.1
7.0

49.9
36.1
7.5

46.9
34.6
6.7

new nanipsnire
Manchester
Nashua
....
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

508.3
83.0
90.5
109.2

506.3
81.9
88.7
112.8

488.8
79.9
84.8
106.6

.3

22.7
3.6
3.3
3.7

19.0
2.6
2.7
3.3

16.4
2.3
2.1
2.7

3,615.5
161.5
652.5
445.8
243.6
543.4
323.7
936.8
197.2
58.4

3,665.3
168.1
652.5
457.4
247.8
554.0
329.1
942.9
199.2
60.3

3.568.8
162.3
634.0
443.2
237.2
538.8
318.9
920.9
195.6
58.4

2.2

142.6
8.9
26.7
22.2
6.1
20.9
16.6
33.0
4.7
2.0

141.1
7.5
25.4
22.5
6.0
21.8
15.0
33.5
4.4
2.0

124.9
6.7
22.3
20.3
5.5
19.6
12.9
31.1
3.9
1.7

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

,

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

,

:

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

68



<*)
<*)

(*)

(2)

ft
1.9
.5

(1)
(1)

2.0
.5
(1)
(1)

V)
(1)
1.3
.6

<*)
<*)
(*)
(1)
(*)

1.3
.6

t22)
t 2)

(2)
(2)

C)

(2)

(2)

(2)

0)

(1)
(2)

(2)

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

9.7
(1)
(1)
(1)

9.4
(1)

1.0
(1)

0)
(1)

1.1

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0)
(1)
O
(1)
O
(1)

.1
.1
.2
9.5

0
(11)
()

O
(11)
()

V)
(1)
7.3
5.3

7.9
5.4

(*)

(2)

(2)

01
()

(1)

V)
(1)

0
6.0
.7

6.1
.5

4.9
(1)
(1)
(1)

5.3
(1)
(1)
(1)

O
V)
O

(1)
(1)

14.7
.3
1.5
.4

.3
(1)
(1)
(1)

V)
(1)
2.4

2.2

.6

(1)
.7

O

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

01
(1)
()

(1)
(1)

O
(1)

13.8
.2
1.4

.4

.9

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

O
(11)
(1)
()
0)
V)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.7

.5
(1)
.7

.8

.4

O

.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

102.9
9.0
16.7

99.4
8.0
15.6

98.2
8.1
16.0

21.7
1.3
5.7

22.0
1.4
6.7

21.5
1.3
6.6

130.7
10.3
39.1

133.4
11.1
40.2

126.1
10.1
37.9

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

204.4
127.8
41.1
37.4

202.7
126.9
42.2
35.9

202.4
128.0
44.0
35.6

99.3
55.2
27.8
31.8

103.6
56.3
28.3
34.4

99.9
54.8
27.8
33.0

521.5
267.2
86.4
194.9

545.2
274.9
88.1
206.5

518.3
262.9
83.9
197.1

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

535.2
246.0
9.5
14.1
11.6
45.0
33.0
16.8
10.0
47.1
41.7

506.7
231.8
9.0
13.8
10.8
42.9
30.2
15.5
9.1
45.6
39.4

501.6
229.3
8.7
13.5
10.6
42.0
30.3
15.4
8.7
45.0
38.8

129.3
74.2
4.6
2.0
1.5
6.6
5.2
2.7
1.3
10.2
9.3

126.7
74.4
4.6
1.9
1.4
6.3
5.2
2.7
1.2
10.3
8.9

124.1
71.9
4.1
1.9
1.3
6.1
5.1
2.7
1.2
10.0
8.7

708.9
379.0
23.2
14.6
10.3
35.8
22.7
16.1
9.8
54.9
48.8

707.5
373.2
23.0
14.0
9.9
37.0
22.6
17.1
10.3
54.5
46.3

666.4
353.3
22.3
13.1
9.3
35.1
21.5
15.8
9.7
51.6
44.1

902.1
35.9
16.4
21.8
428.7
42.3
99.8
13.0
29.0
28.7
16.8
36.2

927.2
39.1
16.2
21.7
442.8
49.1
101.4
12.6
29.1
28.8
16.3
43.5

892.9
38.8
15.7
21.2
416.4
49.1
100.4
12.4
28.7
28.6
16.4
43.2

152.8
5.1
1.6
2.6
86.9
4.1
12.2
3.8
3.3
5.6
2.2
6.2

156.4
5.4
1.6
2.7
89.1
4.5
12.4
3.8
3.4
5.7
2.2
6.4

152.4
5.5
1.6
2.7
86.6
4.1
12.1
3.8
3.4
5.7
2.2
6.1

924.3
31.9
12.8
13.5
469.5
43.3
93.7
13.0
25.9
47.3
13.9
38.7

970.1
33.5
13.5
14.1
485.4
46.0
98.6
13.9
27.6
48.5
14.5
43.2

934.9
32.1
13.1
13.4
466.3
44.6
95.7
13.3
26.4
47.3
14.0
40.9

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

391.5
8.2
258.9
11.7
13.5

392.8
8.5
257.2
11.7
14.5

388.5
8.4
254.6
11.7
14.5

106.5
5.7
75.5
1.9
3.7

109.8
6.0
77.4
1.9
3.9

107.3
6.0
75.5
1.9
3.8

504.5
23.6
324.9
12.7
23.4

523.3
24.8
333.6
13.9
24.2

504.0
24.4
320.8
13.5
23.3

Mississippi
Jackson

240.3
20.8

245.0
21.0

243.1
20.5

44.0
12.3

45.6
12.8

44.3
12.5

193.8
43.2

204.7
45.5

198.1
43.9

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

434.4
107.1
220.9
21.7

433.2
110.3
221.9
21.5

419.3
103.9
213.7
21.5

151.3
62.1
76.9
7.7

155.4
63.8
78.5
7.7

153.2
62.9
77.8
7.6

549.5
198.9
279.7
33.1

570.1
204.2
289.6
35.8

545.1
197.2
278.7
34.7

Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

.....

Montana

21.8

22.7

22.5

19.7

20.6

20.0

74.5

79.6

77.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

96.3
14.9
36.0

101.1
15.5
37.7

100.7
15.3
37.9

45.5
6.6
23.7

46.3
7.0
23.6

45.8
6.9
23.4

182.0
26.2
80.6

192.1
27.4
84.9

188.0
26.4
81.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.2
10.1
8.6

27.0
10.8
9.0

26.7
10.6
8.8

31.0
18.2
9.6

33.8
20.3
10.0

33.5
20.2
9.9

120.3
73.9
32.3

133.0
80.4
35.5

128.4
77.8
33.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

107.7
11.5
31.9
20.6

102.7
11.0
30.1
20.4

101.5
11.0
29.8
20.0

17.8
4.7
2.3
3.0

17.7
4.7
2.3
3.1

17.1
4.7
2.2
2.9

130.7
22.5
22.6
27.2

128.4
21.7
21.4
29.4

121.3
20.8
20.4
27.1

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton .......

608.1
7.9
137.6
68.6
38.2
109.5
26.7
160.9
27.5
15.3

584.0
7.4
131.8
65.8
37.0
105.8
25.1
155.3
25.9
15.2

569.0
7.0
129.0
64.8
34.6
103.5
24.3
150.9
25.5
14.6

237.4
6.9
30.3
19.2
31.1
43.1
15.3
77.4
7.2
2.2

237.8
7.0
30.1
19.5
30.2
42.7
15.4
77.7
7.4
2.5

233.2
7.0
30.1
19.2
28.6
42.2
15.1
77.0
7.1
2.4

873.2
32.5
188.0
122.3
62.6
135.2
87.0
189.8
31.6
11.3

898.4
34.7
190.6
128.0
64.7
138.3
92.2
192.1
32.6
11.7

863.2
32.8
183.0
120.5
61.0
131.8
88.0
184.3
31.6
11.1

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Dec.
1990

Jan.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

25.0
2.3
12.0

24.8
2.3
12.3

24.9
2.3
12.3

121.8
10.7
32.9

126.6
10.8
32.6

125.8
10.6
31.7

96.6
4.3
15.8

98.2
4.4
16.1

95.3
4.4
15.6

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

129.8
75.8
44.9
45.8

131.7
75.8
44.7
46.7

130.7
75.4
44.4
46.2

598.0
317.5
150.2
228.6

625.7
333.6
156.8
235.1

610.6
325.1
152.7
231.1

411.4
213.6
91.0
158.1

426.7
218.9
92.0
164.5

413.9
212.2
91.3
158.2

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

214.5
147.1
3.3
3.6
1.4
6.0
3.6
2.4
2.0
15.7
13.9

212.3
143.4
3.1
3.4
1.4
5.9
3.3
2.4
1.9
15.0
13.9

210.2
141.3
3.2
3.2
1.4
5.7
3.3
2.5
1.8
15.1
13.8

890.3
573.2
15.8
10.8
8.4
35.5
20.8
14.3
12.0
60.7
50.4

917.3
593.9
16.6
11.3
8.6
36.1
21.2
14.8
13.3
63.5
52.0

882.2
566.5
16.3
11.2
8.4
34.8
20.4
14.7
12.4
62.2
49.2

399.6
202.8
12.2
7.1
4.8
21.2
13.2
9.7
4.8
39.1
24.1

391.7
197.4
12.2
7.0
4.6
20.3
13.7
9.5
4.8
38.0
23.9

385.7
195.3
11.6
6.9
4.5
20.1
13.4
9.4
4.9
38.0
23.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

188.4
4.8
3.2
2.5
110.9
6.2
15.8
1.7
5.2
12.6
1.5
6.0

191.5
4.9
3.5
2.6
113.1
6.7
16.2
1.8
5.3
13.1
1.5
6.5

190.4
4.8
3.4
2.6
113.0
6.7
16.2
1.7
5.4
13.0
1.5
6.5

912.1
38.2
12.4
14.9
504.0
35.1
77.6
10.4
27.3
42.1
12.3
36.5

942.3
40.5
13.3
15.5
528.7
37.6
81.8
11.2
28.9
44.7
12.5
38.8

927.3
40.0
13.0
15.1
513.9
37.0
79.4
10.8
28.6
44.0
12.5
38.0

626.0
52.8
11.2
. 8.6
234.6
22.8
34.0
10.0
17.9
67.5
9.6
20.8

643.1
60.5
11.9
9.2
237.7
24.1
35.4
10.2
19.4
70.9
9,7
20.9

627.4
55.9
11.4
8.8
233.7
23.4
34.5
10.0
18.3
69.4
9.6
20.6

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

123.0
3.2
96.0
1.7
2.4

124.9
3.2
97.2
1.8
2.5

124.0
3.2
96.4
1.8
2.5

534.9
23.8
358.3
27.0
17.2

560.1
25.2
375.8
28.3
18.4

551.5
24.9
370.5
28.5
18.0

336.8
22.0
184.3
6.5
13.6

348.3
22.4
191.4
7.0
13.8

344.5
22.3
189.2
6.9
13.7

• 38.8
14.4

38.9
14.3

38.8
14.2

155.4
42.1

162.2
44.2

161.1
43.8

204.1
41.7

208.2
42.6

208.4
42.4

136.6
58.8
75.7
5.2

138.7
59.5
76.0
5.4

137.8
59.2
75.5
5.3

554.7
189.4
311.4
31.8

577.8
198.6
327.8
33.2

568.0
196.5
323.8
33.1

364.2
117.7
141.9
14.8

377.0
123.8
147.9
16.0

367.7
121.8
144.4
15.3

Montana

13.0

13.3

13.2

71.5

76.3

75.7

70.1

71.1

70.1

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

47.9
8.4
28.5

48.6
8.5
28.6

49.1
8.5
29.1

169.9
26.9
93.7

185.3
28.9
102.8

183.3
28.3
101.4

139.3
30.9
46.9

147.4
33.6
48.2

143.8
32.7
48.0

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

27.1
17.6
6.9

28.6
18.8
7.2

28.6
18.8
7.3

260.2
168.7
55.8

274.0
182.1
57.2

272.4
182.5
55.9

73.5
38.1
17.6

80.6
42.2
19.4

79.3
41.2
18.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

31.5
8.4
3.4
7.0

31.4
8.5
3.5
7.1

31.1
8.5
3.4
7.0

126.0
23.4
19.2
22.1

128.6
24.1
20.8
22.0

128.0
23.6
18.9
21.6

71.6
8.9
7.8
25.6

78.1
9.3
7.9
27.5

73.1
9.0
8.0
25.3

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

240.6
6.6
38.4
24.6
16.3
42.4
19.8
76.4
11.1
4.2

235.7
6.5
36.9
24.4
16.5
41.7
18.9
74.2
11.2
4.5

234.7
6.5
36.7
24.1
16.3
41.6
18.6
73.5
11.1
4.4

949.7
71.9
162.0
112.7
49.1
118.0
94.0
264.1
58.8
10.6

987.2
77.3
166.0
118.5
51.4
125.2
97.3
271.6
61.1
11.1

975.4
75.4
163.2
116.5
50.3
123.4
95.2
269.5
60.3
11.0

561.7
26.8
69.5
76.2
40.2
73.7
64.3
134.5
56.3
12.4

578.7
27.7
71.7
78.7
42.0
77.8
65.2
137.7
56.6
12.9

566.2
26.9
69.7
77.8
40.9
76.2
64.8
133.9
56.1
12.8

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

70




.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Dec.
1990

561.2
240.0
43.5
57.8

581.6
247.5
45.6
60.8

568.9
243.0
44.1
59.6

15.7
(1)
(1)
(1)

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,097.9
424.3
118.2
447.8
41.5
45.9
1,110.1
4,071.9
3,553.6
80.5
105.2
120.3
480.3
99.8
309.9
124.5
400.1

8,197.6
439.4
119.5
465.1
41.3
46.2
1,123.2
4,088.4
3,562.7
86.5
105.6
122.1
492.9
102.6
321.3
127.8
404.1

7,976.4
430.2
117.0
453.8
40.0
45.0
1,088.6
3,987.4
3,476.8
83.5
103.5
119.4
482.4
99.7
312.5
123.4
392.2

4.6
.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,065.7
85.6
615.3
492.5
421.7

3,155.1
89.5
636.5
500.9
437.6

3,096.5
86.5
625.7
492.6
428.7

256.5
38.3
75.5
30.6

269.6
41.0
80.2
32.7

263.4
40.1
78.3
31.6

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,738.1
274.1
162.0
721.3
925.5
702.3
444.5
281.9
188.4

4,955.9
292.0
167.5
757.6
957.6
737.3
457.4
291.4
200.4

4,815.2
279.4
163.5
737.1
931.0
717.5
445.6
281.0
194.8

17.1
.6
.8
.4
.8
.8

.4

.9
1.0
.4
.2
.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,163.8
21.1
35.3
418.9
311.8

1,198.3
21.6
35.4
425.4
322.5

1,178.7
21.3
34.9
419.9
317.9

42.3
.9
.3
10.7
12.0

44.0
.9
.3
10.0
12.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,206.5
115.1
618.5
102.8

1,260.1
119.1
649.4
107.9

1,231.2
115.9
635.5
105.3

1.3
.1
.5
.1

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,087.9
281.9
52.6
49.6
116.9
309.6
81.2
189.1
2,187.5
747.3
892.9

5,217.5
292.0
54.5
50.8
122.3
317.7
84.1
193.1
2,240.3
746.4
929.6

5,106.7
285.9
53.9
49.8
120.3
313.4
83.1
188.7
2,197.6
733.6
907.7

26.7
.5
()
1
()
(1)
.4
2.8
.4

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

()
(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1

1

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

4.2

1.9
50.4
139.5
112.6
3.3
4.1
6.0
16.6
4.1
13.9
3,2
21.1

5.2

158.0
4.6
35.5
24.0
21.6

163.2
4.6
37.5
24.2
22.2

157.3
4.5
36.7
23.5
21.5

4.1

7.3
1.4

8.6
1.8

2.8
1.0

3.3
1.0

7.7
1.6
2.8
.9

.4

171.6
9.0
6.5
31.3
29.9
26.4
15.2
10.6
7.3

195.7
10.3
7.3
33.0
34.3
28.9
15.5
11.3
7.9

171.8
8.8
6.4
30.1
29.4
25.6
13.6
9.9
6.7

43.8

36.6

.9

.7

.3
12.2

1.0
11.3
11.5

37.9
.6
.9
12.0
11.7

36.7
.5
.8
11.1
11.4

1.6

1.6

45.4

52.7

48.6

.2
.5

.2

3.4

3.9

3.6

.5
.1

26.7

28.8

27.2

4.0

4.5

4.1

26.2
.5

205.3
11.9
2.2
2.2
3.1
13.2
2.7
11.7
92.0
15.5
37.2

219.4
12.6

202.6
11.4

2.3
2.4

2.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
17.4
.6
.8

1.0
.4

.2

9.8

.1

26.9
.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
1

( )

.5
2.7

.4

2.6
.4
.9

.4

1.0

1.0
(1)

4.4

16.7
.6
.8
.4
.8

.4

.2

(1)

.6

5.3

.4

1

.2
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

0

259.5
16.2
15.6
1.5
1.7
46.0
123.1
99.8
3.3
3.4
4.8
16.3
3.6
12.4
3.0
18.1

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3.9

291.1
18.1

1.4

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

5.1

295.2
17.7

4.7

.8
(1)

(1)

27.6
11.8
2.0
2.9

17.8
1.8
2.0
51.6
133.4
106.8
4.1
4.0
5.4
18.4
4.1
14.0
3.5
20.7

(1)

.6

2.9

29.9
12.4
2.1
3.2

4.6

.2

(1)

27.9
12.7

Jan.
1991P

15.6

(1)

(1)
(1)

.2
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.4
1

( )

.4
(1)
(1)
(1)

Dec.
1990

2.1

5.0
.3

()
(1)
(1)

( )

15.8

16.1
(1)

1

1

Jan.
1990

(1)

4.0

3.9

3.6
13.7
3.2
11.7
97.4
14.1
41.7

2.2
3.4
13.0
2.8
11.4
90.3
13.6
38.6

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities>

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

42.1
21.0
3.6
1.8

42.9
20.7
3.8
1.9

42.7
20.6
3.7
1.9

29.1
12.7
1.7
.9

29.1
13.0
1.7
1.1

28.7
12.8
1.6
1.0

133.9
59.9
9.1
11.3

139.9
62.3
9.5
12.2

135.5
60.3
9.2
11.8

1,128.9
45.3
34.7
71.0
9.0
10.2
156.1
407.0
332.9
21.4
13.9
30.0
133.5
15.0
51.9
23.8
57.1

1,101.1
46.4
33.2
72.6
8.4
10.0
143.9
395.5
326.4
21.6
13.3
30.3
132.5
14.9
50.7
22.8
52.1

1,080.7
45.9
32.9
72.2
8.2
9.9
141.3
384.3
315.5
22.2
13.1
29.6
131.0
14.7
50.4
22.1
51.9

421.2
17.1
4.3
22.7
1.5
1.5
49.6
249.0
223.1
3.8
6.4
3.7
15.1
5.0
19.2
4.3
20.3

436.2
17.5
4.3
23.4
1.5
1.5
52.3
254.9
227.6
4.0
6.4
4.0
15.3
5.3
19.6
4.4
21.4

425.2
17.1
4.2
23.0
1.4
1.5
50.4
249.6
222.8
3.8
6.4
4.0
15.1
5.2
19.4
4.4
21.0

1,682.6
92.2
25.0
112.7
10.3
10.6
289.6
731.9
613.2
20.0
28.1
22.5
103.9
22.6
76.2
27.5
91.7

1,696.0
95.7
26.4
118.2
10.4
10.4
290.3
726.1
605.5
22.1
28.6
22.7
106.0
23.5
80.5
28.7
92.6

1,618.8
91.7
25.3
113.0
10.0
10.2
277.6
690.7
576.0
21.0
27.7
21.8
103.3
22.5
77.9
27.5
87.9

870.5
20.6
154.0
152.0
63.5

849.4
20.6
151.8
146.9
64.0

842.7
20.6
149.5
145.3
63.7

146.7
4.1
48.9
25.3
21.5

156.2
4.2
51.8
26.2
21.8

153.7
4.0
51.3
25.4
21.5

698.1
21.1
152.3
113.0
89.7

735.3
22.4
156.8
117.0
93.5

710.5
21.2
152.6
114.3
91.0

16.4
2.1
5.3
1.5

18.0
2.3
5.9
1.6

17.6
2.2
5.7
1.6

16.8
2.7
4.5
1.7

17.3
2.8
4.8
1.7

17.1
2.8
4.7
1.7

67.8
10.1
21.7
8.8

72.7
10.8
23.5
9.8

69.9
10.3
22.8
9.2

1,084.7
65.4
44.9
146.7
205.4
102.6
101.1
55.7
42.2

1,099.9
68.0
44.4
148.6
204.5
104.6
101.1
55.2
48.2

1,087.6
67.4
44.0
147.4
203.7
104.4
100.8
54.2
48.0

214.7
13.5
5.5
40.1
42.1
30.3
18.1
14.1
7.3

223.4
13.9
5.7
42.1
43.4
31.4
18.8
15.2
7.3

217.5
13.5
5.5
41.2
41.8
30.4
18.1
14.2
6.9

1,146.9
67.9
40.5
186.5
223.4
181.2
99.8
71.1
52.1

1,207.6
71.2
42.5
196.0
235.1
191.3
105.0
74.1
55.1

1,154.6
67.8
40.7
187.2
225.5
182.3
100.7
70.5
52.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

163.1
1.6
3.2
46.2
55.7

164.9
1.5
3.5
45.1
57.4

162.5
1.6
3.5
44.6
57.0

66.5
2.1
2.0
21.0
25.0

67.8
2.1
1.7
21.0
26.0

67.1
2.0
1.6
21.1
25.8

273.0
6.0
8.5
101.8
72.3

278.9
6.2
9.1
104.5
75.6

273.1
6.2
8.9
102.0
73.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

215.0
20.9
102.7
13.4

210.2
19.2
103.9
13.9

207.9
18.7
102.7
13.6

63.1
4.5
37.0
2.9

64.3
4.3
38.6
2.9

63.2
4.4
37.3
2.9

303.3
29.8
160.3
23.5

323.0
31.4
170.5
24.5

308.6
29.6
163.1
23.6

1,023.3
74.1
10.8
9.2
36.0
49.7
14.0
58.3
352.9
84.0
118.8

998.3
74.4
10.7
9.0
36.9
48.7
14.1
56.3
342.6
80.8
118.8

992.2
74.1
10.7
9.0
36.6
48.6
14.0
56.5
339.0
79.0
117.0

259.5
14.6
4.7
5.2
4.2
19.4
5.6
7.5
99.4
39.8
51.4

273.6
14.8
4.9
5.3
4.4
21.3
5.6
7.7
102.2
40.5
55.7

267.8
14.6
4.8
5.2
4.5
20.9
5.5
7.6
99.5
39.8
54.8

1,172.0
63.2
14.0
11.6
25.4
70.2
17.5
47.6
511.1
140.1
221.4

1,215.4
66.7
14.6
12.0
26.8
70.6
18.9
48.1
523.0
134.9
231.3

1,174.7
64.8
14.4
11.7
25.9
69.5
18.1
46.5
508.0
131.2
222.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
...
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

72




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry-—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991"

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

26.1
14.0
1.6
2.3

26.0
13.9
1.6
2.3

25.7
13.7
1.6
2.3

142.1
72.1
7.7
15.1

147.2
75.4
8.0
16.0

146.3
75.2
8.0
15.9

144.3
47.6
17.7
23.5

150.5
49.8
18.9
24.1

146.6
48.6
18.0
23.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

781.4
24.7
4.1
27.5
1.7
1.7
80.2
559.3
523.8
2.0
4.8
4.6
23.1
5.3
20.2
7.4
29.3

762.1
25.5
4.0
27.3
1.5
1.6
80.8
539.8
504.1
2.0
5.0
4.8
22.7
5.4
20.9
7.3
29.6

754.9
25.2
4.0
27.3
1,5
1.6
80.5
533.2
497.6
2.1
5.1
4.7
22.7
5.3
20.6
7.4
29.5

2,327.4
113.7
24.3
122.6
10.4
10.7
299.2
1,300.1
1,145.6
17.2
23.6
28.4
120.2
26.3
76.0
27.3
123.1

2,423.2
119.6
25.0
128.3
10.4
10.8
315.9
1,347.0
1,185.4
19.4
24.3
29.8
127.2
27.7
81.0
29.1
128.7

2,372.1
118.7
24.9
126.2
10.3
10.8
306.4
1,322.0
1,163.9
18.1
24.2
29.8
125.3
27.1
78.7
28.1
126.0

1,456.4
113.3
21.3
75.6
7.2
9.3
184.9
685.2
602.2
12.9
24.1
25.1
67.4
21.4
52.6
30.9
57.6

1,483.1
116.3
21.9
77.5
7.3
9.8
188.5
691.7
606.7
13.2
24.0
25.2
70.0
21.7
54.6
31.9
59.1

1,460.8
115.2
21.4
76.6
7.1
9.4
186.4
684.5
601.1
13.0
23.7
24.7
68.1
21.4
53.3
30.9
57.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

131.7
3.0
37.6
24.0
24.0

135.0
2.9
38.3
24.0
24.2

133.9
2.8
38.0
23.8
24.0

568.8
19.6
117.9
98.8
109.7

603.0
21.5
126.5
105.7
116.5

591.8
20.6
124.7
103.6
114.6

486.8
12.6
69.1
55.4
91.7

507.7
13.3
73.8
56.9
95.4

501.4
12.8
72.9
56.7
92.4

12.1
1.5
4.5
1.1

12.5
1.5
4.7
1.1

12.4
1.5
4.6
1.1

66.4
11.9
21.3
6.9

70.3
12.8
22.6
7.4

69.4
12.7
22.3
7.4

65.8
8.6
15.4
9.6

65.9
9.0
15.4
10.1

65.2
9.0
15.4
9.7

250.7
10.7
6.9
42.8
56.9
59.8
17.0
12.0
8.5

255.8
10.7
6.6
44.3
58.1
60.9
17.5
12.1
8.2

253.3
10.6
6r5
43.8
57.6
60.4
17.3
12.0
8.3

1,136.6
65.4
37.7
180.9
248.6
173.3
115.1
74.2
46.1

1,212.6
70.1
40.5
196.4
261.4
185.8
120.6
77.6
47.8

1,184.1
68.5
39.6
190.7
253.5
181.7
116.9
76.3
46.9

715.8
41.7
19.3
92.4
118.4
127.9
77.9
44.0
24.5

743.4
47.3
19.7
96.9
119.9
133.5
78.4
45.7
25.5

729.6
42.2
19.9
96.3
118.7
131.7
78.0
43.8
24.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

59.1
.9
1.8
24.5
17.3

58.8
.9
1.7
24.3
17.7

58.1
.9
1.6
24.3
17.6

261.8
5.0
6.5
101.6
80.1

276.7
5.3
6.2
105.8
83.1

273.1
5.1
6.1
105.6
82.2

261.4
3.9
12.0
101.8
37.9

269.3
4.1
12.0
102.7
38.8

264.3
4.1
12.1
101.4
38.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

76.1
5.7
49.2
5.6

80.4
5.8
51.9
6.1

79.9
5.8
51.8
6.0

282.8
26.9
159.4
21.9

300.8
28.8
169.2
23.8

296.5
28.8
168.2
23.0

219.5
23.8
82.7
31.4

227.1
25.5
86.0
32.1

224.9
24.8
84.7
32.0

298.1
14.4
2.0
1.6
5.5
20.7
4.6
7.7
161.1
65.7
55.0

299.1
14.5
2.1
1.6
5.5
21.4
4.7
8.1
161.1
63.9
55.0

298.6
14.7
2.1
1.6
5.5
21.4
4.6
7.9
160.7
63.6
55.0

1,404.7
72.2
11.8
11.9
28.8
67.9
21.2
40.0
666.8
261.1
300.6

1,466.3
76.5
12.4
12.5
30.9
71.9
21.8
43.2
706.9
271.5
314.8

1,447.3
74.4
12.4
12.2
30.3
70.4
22.5
41.9
697.1
266.3
312.0

698.3
31.0
7.1
7.9
13.9
68.1
12.8
15.9
303.2
141.1
104.1

718.5
32.0
7.5
8.0
14.2
69.6
13.1
17.6
306.1
140.7
108.3

697.3
31.4
7.3
7.9
14.1
69.2
13.0
16.5
302.1
140.1
104.4

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Constructior l

Mining

Total
State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

152.7
303.3
42.5
58.3
50.8
180.7

154.9
308.2
45.3
62.0
52.0
185.0

151.3
305.1
44.0
57.0
50.8
181.3

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

446.6
129.2
316.5

448.6
127.5
319.7

437.1
123.2
312.3

1,502.8
200.6
242.9
332.0

1,561.8
212.9
252.7
343.3

1,535.9
210.0
248.5
335.4

275.8
36.2
72.6

291.6
38.2
76.1

285.3
37.4
74.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,144.1
199.9
168.7
262.2
467.0
492.2

2,201.3
202.5
173.3
262.9
480.5
506.3

2,157.8
200.6
170.7
257.8
474.7
499.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

6,890.8
48.6
76.6
368.8
138.7
64.3
74.2
51.2
130.6
1,349.8
205.0
574.0
73.5
1,540.9
73.1
43.4
68.4
95.9
100.8
43.6
43.2
36.5
512.9
37.4
47.4
61.3
27.7
80.5
49.8

7,125.5
49.1
78.6
383.5
146.6
67.2
75.5
56.2
138.6
1,387.3
210.9
593.7
76.0
1,630.3
72.9
45.0
69.2
100.5
104.1
44.8
44.5
37.0
525.1
38.1
46.9
62.6
28.5
83.1
50.6

7,059.5
48.6
77.7
380.6
145.7
66.3
75.4
52.0
136.3
1,372.7
209.8
588.7
74.9
1,612.1
72.3
44.9
68.7
97.8
103.5
44.5
44.1
36.2
518.7
38.1
46.4
62.3
28.4
82.4
50.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

74




Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

(1)

(1)

(1)

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

7.2
13.0
1.4
2.2
2.5
10.2

6.6
11.3
1.4
2.0
2.4
9.5

.5

.5

.5

6.5
11.7
1.2
2.0
2.0
9.5

.1
.1
.1

.1
.2
.1

.1
.1
.1

16.6
4.0
12.4

16.5
3.9
12.7

15.0
3.0
11.6

2.1

96.4
15.7
13.9
24.4

99.4
15.8
14.8
25.7

97.6
16.1
14.4
24.9

2.5
.2

9.1
1.9
3.0

10.8
2.3
3.3

10.0
2.2
3.2

5.9
.6

89.9
7.1
6.3
14.0
19.2
24.2

90.7
7.3
6.7
12.9
20.0
24.0

82.3
7.2
6.3
11.7
19.3
23.1

315.5
1.5
3.0
11.0
10.2
8.2
2.1
1.6
10.7
44.5
8.3
21.3
4.6
102.7
2.5
1.2
3.5
3.0
4.1
1.2
2.0
1.1
20.7
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.6
3.0
1.9

338.4
1.6
3.1
12.0
12.3
8.8
2.1
1.8
13.3
47.2
7.9
22.2
4.3
109.8
2.2
1.3
3.5
3.4
4.5
1.4
2.2
1.2
22.2
1.5
1.4
1.9
1.5
3.0
1.9

327.4
1.5
2.9
11.8
12.3
8.4
2.1
1.6
11.7
45.7
8.1
21.3
4.1
107.1
2.1
1.3
3.4
3.2
4.4
1.4
2.2
1.1
21.8
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.5
3.0
1.7

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

2.1

2.0
(1)

(1)
(1)

0)
0)
(1)

O
(1)

0
2.5
.2

2.5
.2

1

1

1

()

()

()

6.1
.6

6.1
.6
1

1

()

()

1.4

1.4

175.1
1.4
1.2
.6
1.6
1.9

0)

183.8
1.5
1.1
.7
1.9
2.0

183.1
1.5
1.1
.7
1.9
2.0

O

O

V)

V)

O

0)

.6
3.8
17.8

.6
4.1
17.9

4.2
.6
65.5
(1)
1.7
3.5
.3
.8
8.9
5.3
.5
1.8

4.6
.7
71.0
(1)
1.8
3.5
.2
.9
9.2
5.4
.5
1.9

0

O

.1
1.7
1.4

.1
1.7
1.6

(1)

(1)
1.4

1.4

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

.4

.4

.4
(1)

0.6

0.6

0.6

1.4

.6
4.1
17.9

4.6
.7
72.1
(1)
1.8
3.4
.2
.9
9.1
5.3
.6
1.8
1
()
.1
1.6
1.6

0

1.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
Ixiblic utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Jan.
1990
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

47.6
69.9
11.5
8.6
16.0
58.7

44.8
67.8
11.8
8.5
15.6
56.5

44.6
67.9
11.7
8.5
15.2
56.6

6.5
16.3
2.0
1.6
1.7
7.9

6.7
17.0
2.1
1.8
1.7
8.1

6.7
16.7
2.1
1.7
1.7
7.9

33.7
72.5
10.6
11.2
11.8
45.7

35.1
74.8
11.3
12.5
12.0
48.8

33.9
73.2
10.9
11.9
11.7
47.1

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

101.9
47.2
64.0

96.7
45.7
61.1

94.4
44.5
60.1

15.6
36
11.9

15.6
3.6
11.9

15.1
3.5
11.6

98.7
33.0
67.5

97.1
33.3
65.1

94.2
31.8
63.1

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

385.4
20.9
28.3
100.4

376.7
21.6
27.3
98.6

373.9
21.3
27.1
97.8

65.2
10.2
11.4
14.0

67.1
10.9
11.6
14.8

66.5
10.6
11.4
14.6

334.4
48.9
55.2
77.7

352.0
53.3
56.4
81.3

340.5
52.0
55.2
78.6

33.0
3.8
8.9

34.0
3.8
8.9

33.4
3.7
8.8

13.2
1.9
4.9

13.8
1.9
4.9

13.5
1.9
4.9

71.4
10.3
20.2

78.1
11.2
21.8

75.6
10.9
21.2

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

520.0
47.1
54.4
50.8
61.5
88.7

517.1
45.4
52.1
49.3
60.9
88.6

512.0
45.1
52.0
48.3
60.3
87.4

112.9
8.9
6.0
11.1
45.6
26.4

117.8
9.3
6.4
11.5
48.2
27.0

115.7
9.3
6.3
11.2
47.8
27.1

503.1
47.4
39.2
68.3
124.2
122.3

528.1
48.8
41.0
69.5
128.2
125.9

511.7
47.4
39.8
68.1
126.5
122.5

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

979.7
5.0
8.4
46.8
24.8
16.3
11.3
3.6
11.6
220.9
40.4
116.8
8.9
169.3
8.6
1.7
16.5
7.3
13.3
2.3
4.1
5.2
46.3
10.9
7.2
10.8
2.9
15.5
8.2

986.4
4.5
9.0
49.3
25.6
16.8
11.2
3.4
12.6
218.9
42.2
116.1
8.6
176.7
8.9
1.6
16.1
7.2
14.1
2.3
4.3
5.0
43.4
10.8
7.1
11.0
3.0
15.7
8.2

982.8
4.5
8.8
49.3
25.7
16.8
11.2
3.3
12.7
218.4
41.6
115.6
8.6
175.8
8.9
1.6
15.9
7.0
13.9
2.3
4.4
4.9
43.7
10.8
7.0
11.1
3.1
15.7
8.2

411.1
2.7
5.5
11.6
9.7
2.8
3.1
1.3
6.5
80.9
10.5
53.4
4.8
106.9
2.7
6.1
3.4
5.4
3.1
2.3
2.0
2.7
21.3
1.6
2.4
2.7
1.3
3.5
2.5

428.6
2.8
5.4
12.1
9.6
3.0
3.2
1.3
6.6
83.1
10.9
56.2
5.1
112.6
2.4
6.2
3.5
5.8
3.2
2.4
2.0
2.6
22.0
1.6
2.4
2.8
1.4
3.5
2.7

427.5
2.8
5.7
12.0
9.6
2.9
3.2
1.3
6.6
82.6
10.8
56.1
5.1
113.1
2.4
6.2
3.5
5.7
3.2
2.4
2.0
2.6
21.7
1.6
2.4
2.8
1.4
3.5
2.7

1,687.6
12.8
22.4
77.3
32.3
12.3
20.1
11.1
31.2
348.4
51.6
148.2
14.1
369.9
16.6
13.7
16.8
27.9
31.5
10.4
12.3
9.1
127.9
7.7
10.8
16.1
7.7
18.5
11.4

1,733.1
13.0
22.9
78.4
33.7
12.8
20.4
11.4
32.0
362.4
53.4
153.5
14.9
381.8
16.0
14.4
17.2
29.6
32.4
10.7
13.0
9.2
134.0
8.0
11.1
16.1
7.7
19.7
11.9

1,698.6
12.7
22.1
75.7
33.2
12.6
20.4
10.6
31.6
356.0
52.6
150.4
14.6
371.8
15.5
14.2
17.0
28.1
32.1
10.5
12.8
8.8
130.7
8.0
10.8
15.9
7.5
19.1
11.5

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991"

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

8.2
13.7
1.3
1.8
2.3
5.2

8.4
13.7
1.4
2.0
2.3
5.3

8.4
13.8
1.4
1.9
2.3
5.3

33.0
77.2
10.6
10.8
10.5
34.4

34.1
78.5
11.7
10.8
10.8
36.2

33.5
79.2
11.0
10.8
10.7
35.4

17.2
41.4
5.3
21.9
6.5
18.8

18.6
42.8
5.6
23.8
7.1
19.4

17.6
42.4
5.5
19.8
6.8
19.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

27.0
3.8
22.2

26.9
3.6
22.5

26.8
3.6
22.2

123.6
26.1
92.7

130.4
25.4
98.7

126.4
25.0
96.0

63.1
11.4
45.7

65.3
11.8
47.6

65.1
11.7
47.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

65.2
7.8
18.5
12.0

65.7
7.6
17.8
12.1

65.0
7.5
17.8
11.9

277.9
43.0
49.5
62.2

300.9
47.1
55.2
66.6

297.7
47.0
54.6
64.3

276.3
54.1
66.1
41.3

297.9
56.6
69.6
44.2

292.6
55.5
68.0
43.3

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

16.1
1.5
8.0

16.4
1.4
8.3

16.3
1.4
8.1

68.1
9.4
19.9

71.4
10.0
21.3

70.6
9.9
20.8

62.4
7.2
7.7

64.6
7.4
7.6

63.4
7.2
7.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

101.3
12.8
5.2
9.8
25.1
30.7

101.6
13.2
5.2
10.5
25.2
30.5

100.6
13.3
5.1
10.3
25.0
30.3

463.7
41.6
33.7
54.9
115.7
130.7

485.7
43.0
35.8
56.5
121.3
140.4

478.1
42.8
35.2
55.8
119.7
139.4

347.1
34.4
23.9
51.9
75.7
69.2

354.2
34.9
26.1
51.3
76.7
69.9

351.5
34.9
26.0
51.0
76.1
69.4

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland

427.0
2.0
4.2
23.1
5.3
1.8
3.6
1.7
6.3
124.5
8.5
27.6
5.0
100.3
3.3
1.8
2.7
5.2
3.9
2.4
1.5
1.6
40.3
2.1
1.8
3.4
1.6
5.2
2.2

428.6
1.9
4.4
23.4
5.4
1.8
3.4
1.8
6.3
124.3
8.4
27.1
5.1
102.6
3.4
1.8
2.6
5.3
4.0
2.3
1.5
1.6
39.0
2.0
1.7
3.4
1.6
5.3
2.1

426.5
1.9
4.3
23.2
5.4
1.8
3.4
1.8
6.3
123.2
8.4
27.2
5.1
102.0
3.4
1.7
2.6
5.2
4.1
2.4
1.4
1.6
38.4
2.0
1.7
3.4
1.6
5.3
2.1

1,645.7
14.1
17.5
92.2
33.4
9.2
16.5
9.6
30.8
354.9
41.9
128.7
13.7
423.3
17.3
7.6
13.0
24.1
17.4
9.2
7.9
8.9
135.0
9.1
10.8
15.1
5.9
21.9
12.4

1,724.6
14.5
17.7
97.2
36.4
9.6
17.4
10.7
32.9
370.5
43.9
136.5
14.6
465.3
17.2
7.9
13.9
25.2
18.3
9.5
8.1
9.2
139.4
9.7
11.3
16.1
6.4
22.5
12.7

1,716.2
14.5
17.8
97.3
36.1
9.6
17.5
10.7
33.0
367.2
43.8
136.1
14.2
460.0
17.3
8.1
14.0
25.2
18.3
9.5
8.1
9.0
138.0
9.7
11.3
16.2
6.4
22.3
12.5

1,249.1
9.1
14.4
106.2
21.4
11.8
17.5
21.7
29.7
157.9
43.8
73.8
21.8
203.0
22.1
9.6
9.0
22.7
26.7
6.9
8.1
7.4
119.6
4.5
12.9
9.8
5.3
12.9
9.8

1,302.0
9.3
15.0
110.4
21.7
12.4
17.8
25.2
30.8
163.0
44.2
77.5
22.7
210.5
22.8
10.0
8.9
23.8
26.7
7.0
8.0
7.7
123.2
4.5
11.8
9.6
5.3
13.4
9.7

1,297.4
9.2
15.0
110.6
21.5
12.2
17.6
22.1
30.3
161.7
44.5
77.4
22.5
210.2
22.7
10.0
8.9
23.2
26.6
6.9
7.9
7.6
122.6
4.5
11.7
9.6
5.3
13.5
9.9

Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

76




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

Jan.
1990

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

697.8
88.8
478.0

747.5
99.2
506.9

727.8
96.5
495.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

258.5
34.2
78.6

258.0
34.6
80.3

253.9
33.6
77.5

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,846.7
34.1
70.8
42.6
77.2
572.3
767.5
467.8
125.3

2,903.1
34.5
74.2
42.4
77.3
586.1
773.7
481.1
129.5

2,850.5
34.1
71.6
41.5
76.5
571.2
753.7
473.8
127.5

Washington
Seattle

2,072.4
1,079.9

2,192.5
1,125.8

2,149.2
1,105.3

3.4
.5

3.7
.6

610.6
108.2
108.2
60.3
58.8

630.1
113.7
113.1
62.1
60.6

617.1
110.5
110.5
60.4
59.1

35.2
2.1
1.4
.5
2.2

35.3
2.1
1.5
.5
2.3

Wausau

2,206.7
155.5
56.5
102.0
55.8
39.8
51.8
209.5
743.2
75.0
50.8
51.7

2,300.7
162.2
57.9
107.3
60.9
43.4
53.5
225.1
763.6
77.6
51.8
53.0

2,244.4
159.2
56.1
105.5
56.9
42.2
51.7
220.3
752.1
75.8
51.6
52.3

Wyoming
Casper

187.0
26.8

200.2
29.4

193.0
28.1

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

832.5
53.2
55.4
55.1
517.2

848.4
54.7
58.0
56.0
526.3

834.0
53.9
57.7
55.5
517.4

O
O
(1)

41.7

43.5

43.2

O

?

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine

Sheboygan

Virgin Islands

8.6

8.7

8.3

O

(1)

(1)

2.8

2.9

2.5

Jan.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Dec.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

23.0
2.5
16.4

28.1
2.9
19.3

24.4
2.8
18.0

.5

O
(1)

O
0)

(1)
(1)

13.6
1.9
4.3

14.1
2.1
3.8

13.0
1.9
3.9

14.6
(1)

15.1
(1)

O
(1)
(11)
()

0)
V)
V)
(1)

14.7
(1)
(1)

179.9
1.0
4.3
1.9
3.4
35.0
56.6
30.1
7.3

168.9
1.2
4.0
2.0
3.8
33.1
46.0
30.0
7.5

159.2
1.1
3.8
1.9
3.5
31.6
42.2
28.4
6.9

3.5
.6

103.2
56.4

120.6
60.5

112.7
57.1

35.0
2.1
1.5
.5
2.3

22.2
3.8
4.9
2.3
1.6

26.0
5.1
4.8
2.9
1.9

22.8
4.1
4.5
2.3
1.6

1.6

72.2
6.4
1.7
4.3
1.6
1.6
1.3
7.2
24.7
2.4
1.6
2.0

78.8
7.7
2.0
5.4
1.4
1.8
1.3
8.2
25.8
2.3
1.5
2.3

70.4
7.4
1.6
5.1
1.4
1.8
1.1
7.3
23.8
2.1
1.4
2.0

18.0
2.4

7.9
1.2

9.9
1.6

8.5
1.3

.9

43.8
1.7
2.4
4.3
31.2

45.1
1.6
2.0
3.9
31.4

44.7
1.5
2.0
4.1
30.9

4.0

4.1

4.1

.5

.5

.6
.7
1

.5
.7

1

()

1.9

(1)

(1)

(1)

O
(11)
()
O
(1)
(11)
(1)
()
(1)
0)

O
0)
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
O
(1)
O

O
01
()
O
(11)
(1)
()
0)
0
0

17.7
2.3

18.5
2.6

1.0

.5

.9

V)
V)
0
(1)

.5
.6

0

()

1.6

0)
(11)
()

.5

0)
(11)
()
(1)

.5

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilitiesJ

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991^

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

104.3
13.4
67.5

109.2
14.2
69.4

107.2
14.1
69.1

41.3
2.5
32.0

44.0
2.5
33.5

43.2
2.4
33.2

164.6
20.1
117.7

183.7
24.4
128.1

172.0
22.9
118.8

47.0
4.5
16.2

44.7
4.4
15.1

43.9
3.9
14.9

10.8
.9
3.5

11.0
.9
3.4

10.8
.9
3.3

60.4
7.6
19.2

60.7
7.5
20.5

59.1
7.3
18.9

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

428.6
10.9
9.1
17.3
24.0
65.0
35.0
65.0
19.9

418.3
10.1
8.9
16.0
23.2
66.6
34.8
64.8
19.7

417.0
10.1
8.7
15.6
23.3
64.7
34.2
64.5
19.5

146.9
1.5
2.5
1.1
3.0
27.0
.51.4
23.6
8.4

151.4
1.6
2.7
1.2
3.0
28.3
51.8
24.4
8.3

148.6
1.6
2.6
1.1
2.9
27.1
50.8
24.1
8.2

645.8
8.7
14.9
8.6
16.7
140.3
174.0
108.8
34.2

671.4
9.0
15.6
9.1
16.9
143.4
178.9
111.2
36.8

J649.8
t«l 8.8
15.3
8.8
16.5
137.3
170.2
107.9
35.5

Washington
Seattle

365.8
222.9

365.8
222.2

359.8
220.0

110.4
67.5

116.3
70.2

114.3
68.2

502.3
257.3

535.7
270.0

517.1
261.3

87.0
10.8
19.9
14.6
7.2

84.4
10.6
20.5
14.4
7.2

84.2
10.5
20.5
14.3
7.2

36.6
8.8
7.3
2.4
3.2

37.1
9.2
8.1
2.4
3.3

36.9
9.1
8.0
2.4
3.2

141.3
28.6
27.8
14.6
15.8

148.7
30.3
29.5
15.4
16.7

143.1
29.0
28.1
14.9
15.9

Wausau

547.3
53.1
11.3
22.8
15.8
9.7
10.2
25.0
174.2
26.4
21.4
15.0

553.1
52.0
10.8
22.9
19.2
10.1
10.6
26.4
174.2
26.1
21.7
14.9

546.0
52.3
10.8
22.8
16.2
9.8
10.8
26.4
173.6
25.3
21.9
14.7

102.2
6.0
3.0
7.3
2.2
1.3
2.3
7.8
36.4
2.3
1.6
3.0

109.0
6.4
3.1
7.8
2.4
1.4
2.5
8.7
38.7
2.3
1.6
3.2

106.1
6.4
3.1
7.5
2.4
1.4
2.5
8.6
37.2
2.2
1,6
3.2

524.7
33.6
15.3
27.0
13.9
10.6
14.3
47.9
171.6
16.9
9.6
12.4

549.8
36.2
15.5
28.0
14.7
12.1
14.7
52.1
175.8
18.4
10.0
12.7

528.1
34.0
14.9
27.5
14.3
11.5
14.3
49.4
171.6
17.8
9.9
12.5

Wyoming
Casper

9.2
1.5

9.9
1.8

9.5
1.7

14.2
1.7

14.7
1.8

14.3
1.7

41.4
7.6

45.3
8.2

43.2
7.8

152.5
14.8
17.0
10.5
64.9

152.6
15.2
18.5
10.3
64.8

149.7
15.3
18.5
9.6
63.4

20.7
.4
.5
1.6
16.3

20.8
.5
.6
1.3
17.1

20.8
.5
.5
1.4
16.9

155.0
11.2
8.4
8.7
106.5

165.0
12.0
9.2
9.2
113.6

158.6
11.6
9.1
9.0
109.1

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.4

8.9

9.6

9.6

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

.....

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

78



.,

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.4
2.3
27.1

34.5
2.3
28.4

34.3
2.3
28.2

172.9
33.5
116.7

187.6
37.9
126.4

185.5
37.0
125.2

150.0
14.5
98.1

151.7
15.0
98.9

152.6
15.0
99.9

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

13.0
3.2
4.0

11.8
2.6
4.1

11.6
2.6
4.1

71.0
8.2
19.7

69.5

70.9
9.1
19.5

42.2
7.9
11.7

45.7
8.3
12.9

44.1
7.9
12.9

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

152.3
1.2

152.1
1.1
3.7

150.2
1.1
3.5
1.4
3.4
26.0

704.2
5.4
13.5
6.7
16.8

736.7
5.5
14.5
7.0
17.0

726.9
5.4
14.4
7.0
16.9
146.6

574.4
5.4
22.7
5.6
9.8

589.2
6.0

584.1
6.0
23.3
5.7

136.1

138.1

137.9

257.8
110.0

150.1
99.1
15.7

148.2
98.5
16.0

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston....
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
1

3.8
1.4
3.5
26.1
50.6

142.8
252.3

150.0

24.8
5.7

10.0

10.0

49.8

8.7

50.1
40.3
8.5

8.5

103.3
31.2

261.5
110.6
33.0

32.9

147.0
96.7
15.6

113.9
72.5

118.3
74.4

116.5
74.2

484.0
258.6

525.8
278.2

521.0
275.4

389.4
144.2

406.3
149.7

404.3
148.5

24.4
6.5
3.7
2.2
2.9

24.7
6.6
3.8
2.2
3.0

24.6
6.5
3.8
2.2
3.0

139.1
27.8
24.0
14.2
16.8

149.0
29.9
25.4
14.6
17.1

147.8
29.5
25.2
14.3
16.9

124.8
19.8
19.2
9.5
9.1

124.9
19.9
19.5
9.7
9.1

122.7
19.7
18.9
9.5
9.0

117.5
7.5
1.8
5.4
1.6
1.4
1.6
18.5
49.9
2.2
2.4
3.6

120.9
8.0
1.8
5.9
1.7
1.3
1.6
19.7
50.6
2.3
2.2
3.8

120.6
8.0
1.7
6.3
1.7
1.4
1.6
19.5
50.5
2.3
2.2
3.9

511.5

529.7
33.4
13.0
24.4

329.6
17.3

349.8
18.6
11.5

341.9

13.6
9.9
14.6
49.2
209.1
17.4
9.1
9.7

12.1
7.5
6.5
7.8

60.9

12.0
7.3
6.5
6.9
60.0

16.6
8.9
9.4

537.3
33.3
13.1
25.3
14.0
10.1
15.1
49.2
211.1
17.6
9.3
9.8

8.2
5.3
6.2

87.5
8.7
5.6
6.4

86.4
8.6
5.5
6.4

7.0
1.4

7.2
1.4

7.0
1.4

34.6
6.2

36.6
6.7

35.9
6.5

55.0
4.9

58.1
5.3

56.6
5.3

36.9
1.3
1.4
1.8

36.6
1.3
1.4
1.8

131.1
7.4
6.8

136.5
7.7
7.6

133.2
7.3
7.4

11.9
96.4

11.9

290.4
16.3
18.7
17.6

289.4
16.4
18.7
17.6

29.4

11.0
93.4

291.5
16.3
18.9
17.2

29.2

36.9
1.3
1.4
1.8
29.6

94.9

175.1

173.1

172.2

2.0

2.1

2.1

8.8

9.4

9.3

13.6

13.4

13.3

39.6

Combined with construction.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.




1.4
3.4
26.6

8.8
20.5

39.8

31.6

13.0
23.7
13.4

9.1
14.7
47.2
203.0

10.5

11.4
7.3
6.1
7.3
55.8
83.4

17.9
10.9

All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1990 benchmarks.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.25

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
569.75

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.52

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
512.41

44.0

13.65

600.60

38.2

13.73

524.49

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970..
1971 ..
1972..
1973..
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978..
1979..

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980..
1981 ..
1982..
1983..
1984..
1985..
1986..
1987..
1988..
1989..

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

1990..

34.5

10.03

346.04

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1990:
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..
1991:
January"
February" ...

10.20

$338.92
340.60
342.97
342.97
347.30
349.00
348.00
353.57
348.49
348.83
353.94

43.3
43.0
43.1
43.2
44.4
43.6
44.0
45.1
44.6
44.9
45.4

$13.46
13.57
13.66
13.56
13.66
13.69
13.63
13.82
13.69
13.78
13.84

$582.82
583.51
588.75
585.79
606.50
596.88
599.72
623.28
610.57
618.72
628.34

37.3
37.9
37.3
38.2
39.1
38.3
39.0
39.0
38.0
38.2
38.3

$13.59
13.63
13.58
13.68
13.63
13.70
13.74
13.92
13.92
13.82
13.87

$506.91
516.58
506,53
522.58
532.93
524.71
535.86
542.88
528.96
527.92
531.22

10.24
10.24

346.11
347.14

44.3
44.6

14.17
14.12

627.73
629.75

36.0
37.0

13.96
13.86

502.56
512.82

34.2
34.3
34.4
34.4
34.8
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.3
34.3
34.7

$9.91
9.93
9.97
9.97
9.98
10.00
10.00
10.16
10.16

33.8
33.9

10.17

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39 7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.49

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

1990

40.8

10.84

10.38

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2 73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.36
106.27
111 08
115.85
121.89
129.74

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.91
143.68
151.42
159.74
170.11
182.42
194.15
208.76
227.87
247.65

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
430.09

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.61

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.53

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

267.13
290.75
309.23
328.25
341.78
351.08
357.57
365.30
380.24
394.82

442.27

38.9

12.95

503.76

38.1

10.80

411.48

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1990:
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1991:
Januaryp
February"

40.4
40.7
39.8
40.9
41.1
40.5
40.8
41.3
40 9
40.8
41.3

$10.68
10.75
10.75
10.81
10.85
10.88
10.82
10.94
10.95
10.98
11.06

$10.25
10.30
10.37
10.36
10.37
10.41
10.33
10.42
10.46
10.49
10.58

$431.47
437.53
427.85
442.13
445.94
440.64
441.46
451.82
447.86
447.98
456.78

38.4
38.7
38.9
38.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
39.2
38.6
38.8
39.0

$12.87
12.83
12.96
12.82
12.86
12.99
12.96
13.07
13.07
13.07
13.13

$494.21
496.52
504.14
498.70
506.68
511.81
508.03
512.34
504.50
507.12
512.07

37.8
37.9
38.1
38.0
38.2
38.3
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.0
38.4

$10.66
10.66
10.78
10.73
10.76
10.82
10.77
10.94
10.87
10.94
11.05

$402.95
404.01
410.72
407.74
411.03
414.41
410.34
419.00
414.15
415.72
424.32

40.2
39.8

11.06
11.04

10.63
10.64

444.61
439.39

38.2
38.2

13.19
13.16

503.86
502.71

37.7
37.8

11.06
11.09

416.96
419.20

See footnotes at end of table.

82




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.77
88.85
92.21
95.70
101.70
108.56

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.05
73.60
76.92
80.30
84.08
90.62

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.79
118.02
122.94
129.34
137.68
147.89
155.51
165.42
178.03
190.92

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.52
103.04
110.62
117.49
126.22
134.73
143.53
153.59
163.89
175.36

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.54

209.68
228.73
245.68
263.68
278.04
289.20
304.49
316.37
325.25
341.53

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.39

190.98
209.16
225.87
239.04
247.25
256.49
265.93
276.03
289.49
306.11

35.8

9.99

357.64

32.6

9.86

321.44

32.4
32.4
32.6
32.3
32.7
33.0
32.8
32.7
32.4
32.4
32.7

$9.75
9.76
9.82
9.77
9.75
9.79
9.78
9.98
9.99
10.05
10.14

$315.90
316.22
320.13
315.57
318.83
323.07
320.78
326.35
323.68
325.62
331.58

32.2
32.4

10.16
10.18

327.15
329.83

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.81
66.65
68.50
70.86
74.93
78.67

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.31
87.51
92.03
96.45
102.55
108.63
114.56
121.54
130.14
138.83

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.24
157.99
163.83
171.13
174.47
174.81
175.80
178.80
183.62
188.72

1990

28.8

6.78

195.26

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1990:
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1991:
January*3....
February"..

28.3
28.5
29.0
28.8
29.3
29.7
29.4
28.9
28.4
28.4
29.3

$6.72
6.74
6.75
6.75
6.75
6.74
6.75
6.85
6.85
6.88
6.86

$190.18
192.09
195.75
194.40
197.78
200.18
198.45
197.97
194.54
195.39
201.00

35.7
35.6
36.1
35.5
35.8
36.2
35.7
36.1
35.5
35.6
36.2

$9.87
9.84
9.97
9.90
9.90
10.00
9.96
10.12
10.25

$352.36
350.30
359.92
351.45
354.42
362.00
355.57
365.33
358.55
360.98
371.05

27.7
28.1

6.93
6.91

191.96
194.17

35.7
35.8

10.27
10.32

366.64
369.46

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
p
= preliminary.




10.10
10.14

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently
projected from March 1989 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1989 forward are subject to revision.

83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

Total private

1987
SIC
Code

,

Mining

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

34.5

34.1

34.7

33.8

33.9

44.0

43.6

45.4

44.3

44.6

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

42.7
43.0
45.6

43.2
43.5
47.5

42.4
43.0
44.3

43.2
42.6
48.7

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

44.0
44.0

44.6
44.7

45.3
45.3

45.9
45.9

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131

138

43.9
42.8
44.5

43.2
43.1
43.2

46.1
43.7
47.3

44.5
42.4
45.7

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

45.3
46.0

43.8
43.7

45.0
45.7

41.7
40.8

38.2

37.6

38.3

36.0

15
152
153
154

37.7
36.9
37.3
38.5

37.5
36.2
37.4
38.7

37.8
36.5
36.9
39.1

36.3
35.1
36.2
37.4

16
161
162

41.9
42.7
41.6

41.6
40.1
42.0

41.4
41.2
41.5

36.7
34.5
37.4

17

37.4
38.5
35.9
39.1
35.1
35.3
34.5

36.7
38.5
35.2
38.9
34.6
34.2
32.8

37.6
38.7
36.3
39.6
35.5
36.2
34.9

35.8
37.8
34.8
38.5
33.4
34.1
30.0

40.8

40.6

41.3

40.2

39.8

3.6

3.5

3.8

3.2

3.0

41.3

41.2

41.9

40.7

40.3

3.7

3.5

3.9

3.2

3.0

40.2
40.9
41.1
41.5
39.7
39.7
39.2
39.1
40.7
42.2
39.4
38.4
38.3
40.3

39.9
40.0
41.1
41.5
39.7
39.5
38.7
38.8
41.4
42.2
38.4
37.0
37.0
40.4

40.1
39.7
40.9
41.3
39.5
40.0
39.4
39.7
41.6
42.8
39.9
37.7
37.9
40.5

38.9
37.9
40.1
40.4
39.1
38.7
38.1
38.2
41.2
41.4
39.3
35.8
35.7
39.6

38.4

3.5
5.0
4.2
4.5
2.9
2.9
2.2
2.7
3.6
4.6
3.3
1.9
1.9
3.2

3.4
4.7
4.3
4.7
3.0
2.8
2.0
2.6
4.1
4.9
3.2
1.2
1.0
3.1

3.3
4.2
4.0
4.3
2.9
2.8
2.2
2.6
3.6
4.4
3.1
1.9
1.9
2.9

2.6
3.3
3.4
3.7
2.3
2.0
1.5
1.8
3.5
3.4
2.8
1.0
1.0
2.5

39.1
38.5
39.0
37.1
40.6
39.1
39.6
40.6
40.6
39.4

39.3
38.7
39.5
37.0
40.5
38.7
40.4
41.1
39.9
39.5

39.8
38.8
38.7
38.6
42.1
38.4
41.0
41.9
41.3
40.4

38.2
37.5
38.1
36.0
40.2
37.8
38.6
39.4
40.6
37.7

37.0

2.4
2.1
2.3
1.6
3.1
2.7
2.7
3.3
3.1
2.4

2.5
2.3
2.6
1.5
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.2
2.8
2.4

2.6
2.1
2.1
2.2
3.4
1.4
3.3
3.5
3.5
2.7

1.8
1.6
1.8
1.2
2.3
1.7
1.9
2.6
2.6
2.0

Crushed and broken stone

37.0

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

171

172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
,
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
,
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514

See footnotes at end of table.

84



2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245

2451
249

2515
252
253
254
259

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1990

$10.03

Total private
Mining

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1991 P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

$9.87 $10.20 $10.24 $10.24 $346.04 $336.57 $353.94 $346.11 $347.14

13.65

13.46

13.84

14.17

14.12 600.60

586.86

628.34

627.73

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

14.10
14.60
12.48

13.69
14.20
12.24

14.39
15.43
12.97

14.65
16.22
13.38

602.07
627.80
569.09

591.41
617.70
581.40

610.14
663.49
574.57

632.88
690.97
651.61

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

16.68
16.83

16.50
16.62

16.88
17.05

17.23
17.41

733.92
740.52

735.90
742.91

764.66
772.37

790.86
799.12

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131

138

12.85
16.22
11.07

12.56
15.74
10.74

13.02
16.54
11.33

13.28
16.55
11.61

564.12
694.22
492.62

542.59
678.39
463.97

600.22
722.80
535.91

590.96
701.72
530.58

14
142

11.57
11.07

11.35
10.57

11.74
11.12

11.77
10.98

524.12
509.22

497.13
461.91

528.30
508.18

490.81
447.98

13.73

13.59

13.87

13.96

13.86 524.49

510.98

531.22

502.56

487.08
449.44
482.66
524.76

482.25
443.45
461.89
520.90

496.31
449.32
506.64
541.54

478.07
430.33
489.79
523.23

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

Feb.
1991 P

629.75

512.82

15
152
153
154

12.92
12.18
12.94
13.63

12.86
12.25
12.35
13.46

13.13
12.31
13.73
13.85

13.17
12.26
13.53
13.99

16
161
162

13.37
13.08
13.50

12.95
12.14
13.17

13.33
12.69
13.57

13.63
12.98
13.82

560.20
558.52
561.60

538.72
486.81
553.14

551.86
522.83
563.16

500.22
447.81
516.87

17
171
172
173
174

14.15
14.42
12.99
15.07
14.19
14.09
12.22

14.07
14.36
13.25
14.94
13.92
14.05
12.02

14.32
14.61
12.95
15.37
14.20
14.15
12.27

14.36
14.63
13.11
15.25
14.09
14.10
12.32

529.21
555.17
466.34
589.24
498.07
497.38
421.59

516.37
552.86
466.40
581.17
481.63
480.51
394.26

538.43
565.41
470.09
608.65
504.10
512.23
428.22

514.09
553.01
456.23
587.13
470.61
480.81
369.60

10.84

10.60

11.06

11.06

11.04 442.27

430.36

456.78

444.61

439.39

11.35

11.06

11.59

11.58

11.57 468.76

455.67

485.62

471.31

466.27

9.10
11.32
9.20
9.56
7.55
9.06
9.34
8.52
7.68
10.34
6.64
8.60
8.68
8.25

9.00
11.01
9.21
9.58
7.48
8.95
9.16
8.44
7.53
10.35
6.66
8.37
8.39
8.16

9.12
9.12
10.93 10.91
9.24 * 9.27
9.59
9.63
7.65
7.61
9.17
9.19
9.53
9.56
8.57
8.57
7.75
7.80
10.31 10.33
6.65
6.58
8.80
8.75
8.83
8.83
8.41
8.43

9.10 365.82
462.99
378.12
396.74
299.74
359.68
366.13
333.13
312.58
436.35
261.62
330.24
332.44
332.48

359.10
440.40
378.53
397.57
296.96
353.53
354.49
327.47
311.74
436.77
255.74
309.69
310.43
329.66

365.71
433.92
377.92
396.07
302.18
366.80
375.48
340.23
322.40
441.27
265.34
331.76
334.66
340.61

354.77
413.49
371.73
389.05
297.55
355.65
364.24
327.37
321.36
427.66
258.59
313.25
315.23
333.83

349.44

8.53
7.88
7.38
8.60
7.97
8.24
9.64
9.08
9.76
8.88

8.45
7.78
7.30
8.56
7.70
8.22
9.75
8.85
9.73
8.79

8.68 333.52

332.09
301.09
288.35
316.72
311.85
318.11
393.90
363.74
388.23
347.21

346.26
312.34
291.02
339.29
339.75
323.71
404.67
389.67
407.63
360.77

329.67
299.25
287.27
311.76
319.99
314.87
362.84
372.72
403.56
342.32

321.16

175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

2421
2426
243

2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.70
8.05
7.52
8.79
8.07
8.43
9.87
9.30
9.87
8.93

8.63
7.98
7.54
8.66
7.96
8.33
9.40
9.46
9.94
9.08

303.38
287.82
319.06
323.58
322.18
381.74
368.65
396.26
349.87

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

....

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
See footnotes at end of table.

86




Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

42.0
44.4
41.7
42.1
41.3
40.5
42.2
40.7
39.6
43.1
44.5
43.0
42.3
42.1
41.9
40.4

41.4
42.4
41.5
42.0
41.0
39.9
42.1
40.4
40.2
41.5
42.6
42.7
39.6
42.7
43.2
41.8

41.8
43.8
41.7
42.2
41.1
41.1
42.0
40.5
39.8
42.5
43.4
43.2
41.0
42.0
41.4
41.8

40.1
43.7
41.6
42.4
40.8
41.1
42.8
39.5
39.2
38.3
39.3
40.3
35.4
41.4
41.8
38.7

40.5

4.9
5.9
4.6
5.5
3.5
3.0
4.3
3.4
2.7
6.3
6.7
5.7
6.3
4.8
3.4
3.9

4.5
5.5
4.5
5.5
3.4
2.5
4.7
3.2
3.1
5.5
5.3
5.7
4.9
5.2
3.7
4.9

4.5
5.0
4.6
5.5
3.5
3.3
3.8
2.7
2.9
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.2
4.7
3.6
4.6

3.8
5.0
4.4
5.5
3.2
2.7
5.1
2.5
2.2
3.7
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.7
3.5
3.5

33
331

42.7
43.5
43.7
43.8
42.1
42.3
42.6
41.4
43.8
43.2
43.0
42.8
44.3
42.1
40.3
40.8

42.7
43.2
43.4
43.5
41.9
41.9
40.3
42.6
44.6
43.4
43.5
43.5
44.7
42.2
39.7
40.1

42.9
43.7
43.9
44.0
42.2
42.1
43.5
41.4
44.3
43.8
42.9
40.7
45.4
41.8
41.1
41.2

42.2
42.9
43.2
43.0
41.3
41.1
43.3
40.7
44.1
43.5
42.2
41.0
43.7
41.3
40.6
40.6

41.6
42.1

5.0
5.6
5.8
5.7
4.6
4.7
5.0
4.4
5.0
5.2
5.6
5.7
8.1
4.8
2.9
3.0

4.7
5.0
5.1
5.7
4.1
4.1
3.4
4.9
4.9
4.8
5.7
5.6
7.4
4.5
2.5
2.4

5.0
5.6
5.9
5.1
4.4
4.3
5.4
4.4
5.3
5.6
5.5
4.9
9.2
4.3
3.3
3.8

4*4
4.7
4.9
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.8
3.8
5.5
5.5
4.9
4.2
7.3
4.1
2.7
3.0

41.3
43.8
44.2
40.9
40.4
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.0
41.0
42.1
39.2
42.3
40.5
39.3
41.9
40.5
43.4
41.7
42.3
42.0
40.9
40.9
40.3
42.0
41.2
40.7
41.3
43.1
40.3

41.1
44.0
44.5
41.5
41.4
41.1
41.0
41.0
39.8
40.9
42.3
38.1
42.4
40.6
40.8
41.7
40.4
43.1
40.4
42.4
39.3
40.7
40.5
39.5
42.2
41.6
40.6
41.2
42.2
39.7

41.9
44.6
45.2
41.3
40.5
41.1
40.9
40.5
41.9
41.6
42.6
38.9
43.2
41.6
40.4
41.8
40.5
43.2
41.7
42.4
41.3
41.7
42.1
41.3
43.6
42.5
42.9
42.2
44.3
41.4

40.7
43.4
43.9
40.2
39.7
40.1
39.5
40.4
37.2
40.2
40.7
37.5
42.5
39.9
38.5
41.2
40.6
41.9
40.8
42.2
40.4
40.5
40.4
39.7
41.7
40.9
40.7
41.1
41.9
39.7

40.3

3.6
5.4
5.4
3.0
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.7
3.5
4.2
2.1
4.4
3.2
3.2
4.4
3.3
5.5
3.7
4.1
3.9
3.4
3.8
3.1
4.9
3.4
2.9
3.5
3.8
3.1

3.5
5.3
5.4
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.4
4.2
1.4
4.6
3.1
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.0
3.3
4.0
2.9
3.4
3.4
2.7
4.8
3.2
2.5
3.6
3.6
3.0

3.7
5.1
5.2
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.7
4.3
2.0
4.7
3.4
3.0
4.2
3.2
5.2
3.2
4.0
2.5
3.4
4.3
3.5
5.7
4.5
4.4
4.0
5.6
3.6

3.1
5.1
5.1
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.4
3.2
1.2
2.8
3.2
1.3
4.1
2.7
2.3
3.5
2.9
4.1
2.8
3.7
2.3
2.9
3.5
2.9
4.7
3.8
3.2
3.2
3.9
2.7

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
34S3
344

3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

$453.74
628.37
506.30
540.12
470.27
376.66
587.72
382.99
387.93
438.66
393.62
405.22
457.78
490.62
447.12
451.86

$471.50
664.45
527.51
562.10
488.27
408.12
584.64
386.78
386.06
462.40
420.11
423.36
484.21
495.18
439.67
474.43

$452.33 $456.03
659.87
529.15
568.58
487.15
403.19
608.62
373.67
379.85
414.41
389.86
394.54
416.66
480.65
440.15
438.08

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

12.90
14.82
15.59
11.88
11.52
11.96
12.50
10.97
14.36
14.60
12.28
11.56
15.22
12.08
10.26
9.87

12.56
14.47
15.19
11.70
11.06
11.35
12.41
10.89
13.95
14.28
11.95
11.26
14.73
11.60
9.94
9.46

13.11
14.94
15.69
12.13
11.61
12.05
12.55
11.10
14.69
14.68
12.60
11.79
16.04
12.14
10.59
10.49

13.17
15.05
15.84
12.10
11.80
12.30
12.83
11.03
14.67
14.73
12.54
11.64
15.70
12.19
10.52
10.14

13.04 550.83
14.81 644.67
681.28
520.34
484.99
505.91
532.50
454.16
628.97
630.72
528.04
494.77
674.25
508.57
413.48
402.70

536.31
625.10
659.25
508.95
463.41
475.57
500.12
463.91
622.17
619.75
519.83
489.81
658.43
489.52
394.62
379.35

562.42
652.88
688.79
533.72
489.94
507.31
545.93
459.54
650.77
642.98
540.54
479.85
728.22
507.45
435.25
432.19

555.77
645.65
684.29
520.30
487.34
505.53
555.54
448.92
646.95
640.76
529.19
477.24
686.09
503.45
427.11
411.68

542.46
623.50

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

10.83
14.26
15.10
10.76
10.00
11.05
9.74
9.34
9.62
10.16
10.32
8.54
11.02
10.46
9.82
10.70
10.04
11.34
12.71
12.96
14.36
10.19
8.98
8.90
9.13
11.93
11.65
10.17
10.45
8.83

10.60
14.01
14.85
10.39
9.86
10.56
9.65
9.19
9.58
10.09
10.34
8.48
10.83
10.33
9.71
10.49
9.90
11.06
12.21
12.91
13.75
10.06
8.77
8.73
8.84
11.78
11.49
10.12
10.72
8.72

11.05
14.44
15.25
10.86
10.08
11.08
9.87
9.62
9.75
10.39
10.36
8.67
11.26
10.72
10.10
10.93
10.13
11.72
12.96
12.97
14.62
10.48
9.24
9.13
9.43
12.19
11.85
10.46
10.84
9.06

11.01
14.44
15.24
10.83
10.15
11.01
9.87
9.60
9.69
10.37
10.36
8.71
11.13
10.73
10.22
10.88
10.14
11.63
12.88
12.92
14.66
10.40
9.17
9.04
9.38
12.15
11.62
10.47
10.75
9.08

11.03 447.28
624.59
667.42
440.08
404.00
448.63
394.47
373.60
384.80
416.56
434.47
334.77
466.15
423.63
385.93
448.33
406.62
492.16
530.01
548.21
603.12
416.77
367.28
358.67
383.46
491.52
474.16
420.02
450.40
355.85

435.66
616.44
660.83
431.19
408.20
434.02
395.65
376.79
381.28
412.68
437.38
323.09
459.19
419.40
396.17
437.43
399.96
476.69
493.28
547.38
540.38
409.44
355.19
344.84
373.05
490.05
466.49
416.94
452.38
346.18

463.00
644.02
689.30
448.52
408.24
455.39
403.68
389.61
408.53
432.22
441.34
337.26
486.43
445.95
408.04
456.87
410.27
506.30
540.43
549.93
603.81
437.02
389.00
377.07
411.15
518.08
508.37
441.41
480.21
375.08

448.11
626.70
669.04
435.37
402.96
441.50
389.87
387.84
360.47
416.87
421.65
326.63
473.03
428.13
393.47
448.26
411.68
487.30
525.50
545.22
592.26
421.20
370.47
358.89
391.15
496.94
472.93
430.32
450.43
360.48

444.51

$11.15 $10.96 $11.28 $11.28 $11.26 $468.30
15.10
14.82
15.15
672.66
15.17
12.72
12.20
12.43
518.33
12.65
13.41
554.04
12.86
13.32
13.16
11.94
480.32
11.47
11.88
11.63
9.81
394.47
9.44
9.74
9.93
586.58
14.22
13.96
13.92
13.90
389.09
9.46
9.56
9.48
9.55
380.56
9.69
9.65
9.61
9.70
466.34
10.82
10.57
10.82
10.88
428.98
9.92
9.24
9.64
9.68
9.72
417.96
9.79
9.49
9.80
11.71
11.77
11.56
495.33
11.81
11.64
490.04
11.61
11.49
11.79
435.76
10.53
10.35
10.62
10.40
11.32
10.81
11.05
446.42
11.35

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
See footnotes at end of table.




1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545

3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585

359
3592

3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364

3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

42.0
42.6
44.1
42.0
41.5
41.5
42.5
41.8
41.9
46.3
41.8
40.2
42.5
41.6
43.1
43.4
41.5
41.9
41.9
42.4
38.5
41.7
41.8
40.8
43.0
43.8
39.9
41.7
42.0
42.0
41.8

42.2
43.4
43.2
43.4
42.0
42.1
42.3
42.1
41.8
44.6
42.0
40.2
43.1
43.4
44.2
43.7
41.7
42.5
42.7
43.4
39.7
42.4
42.0
40.2
42.5
42.9
40.5
42.5
43.7
41.8
41.8

43.0
43.6
47.0
42.2
42.0
41.9
43.9
41.3
42.9
49.2
44.5
42.4
43.8
43.3
45.0
44.5
42.8
42.9
42.8
42.4
39.3
43.8
42.9
42.4
43.1
45.0
41.6
43.9
41.9
43.3
43.4

41.8
42.7
43.1
42.5
41.3
40.8
42.6
41.5
40.8
47.2
41.9
39.5
42.6
42.4
42.9
43.4
41.1
42.7
41.5
41.7
37.9
42.3
41.5
41.1
42.0
44.9
39.9
41.0
40.1
41.2
41.0

40.4
40.1
40.1
42.1
41.2
42.0

40.0
40.2
40.3
42.4
41.2
42,3

42.9
41.2
41.1
42.7
41.2
42.5

40.0
40.3
40.5
41.6
41.4
41.5

40.8
41.5
42.0
40.9
41.7
41.3
41.9
39.4
37.7
40.4
40.3
40.1
40.8
39.9
40.8
37.9
40.7
41.1
42.6
44.4

41.0
41.7
42.1
41.3
41.9
41.8
41.6
39.5
39.2
41.1
39.6
40.6
40.7
41.1
41.9
38.3
40.9
41.0
43.4
45.2

41.8
43.3
43.6
43.0
43.1
42.3
43.8
40.1
38.8
40.1
40.2
41.0
41.9
41.0
42.3
37.1
41.0
42.2
44.1
46.7

40.4
41.7
41.9
41.4
42.1
41.9
41.8
38.9
39.1
40.5
37.1
39.6
40.6
39.1
40.6
37.1
39.7
40.7
41.8
43.3

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

41.4

39.9

Jan.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

3.9
4.1
6.0
3.4
3.6
3.9
3.9
3.0
4.2
6.5
4.4
2.3
4.7
3.9
4.8
5.6
3.5
3.4
4.0
3.5
3.7
3.9
4.0
3.7
5.1
4.6
2.8
4.9
4.0
3.1
3.2

4.0
4.4
3.7
4.6
3.9
4.1
4.1
3.4
4.0
6.3
4.6
2.4
5.0
4.5
6.2
5.9
4.0
3.7
4.5
4.2
4.6
3.9
3.9
3.3
4.5
4.2
2.6
5.2
4.4
3.0
3.1

4.6
5.8
8.1
4.9
3.4
3.8
4.8
2.5
4.7
8.4
6.2
3.2
5.3
5.0
5.6
6.2
4.1
3.5
4.5
3.1
3.7
5.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.7
3.7
6.2
3.5
3.9
4.4

3.7
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.0
3.0
3.9
2.0
4.0
7.2
4.7
1.8
4.5
4.4
4.0
5.7
2.9
2.9
3.6
2.8
3.0
4.2
3.6
3.8
3.6
4.7
2.5
5.0
3.0
2.7
3.1

2.7
2.5
2.6
4.4
3.8
4.5

1.9
2.5
2.7
4.4
3.5
4.4

4.2
3.0
2.8
4.9
3.7
4.8

2.3
2.4
2.5
4.2
3.7
4.3

3.2
3.0
3.5
2.6
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.2
2.2
3.1
2.6
3.2
3.8

3.1
3.1
3.7
2.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
2.1
2.4
1.4
2.0
3.2
3.1
3.4
2.9
2.3
2.6
1.7
3.2
3.4

3.7
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.4
4.1
2.7
2.2
1.9
2.2
3.1
3.3
3.3
2.8
1.8
2.8
2.7
5.3
7.4

3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.4
2.6
2.0
1.2
2.7
1.2
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.1
1.6
2.5
1.8
3.8
5.1

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
.,
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus

1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

$11.77 $11.55 $12.11 $12.04 $12.04 $494.34
14.93
14.56
620.26
15.24
14.25
15.17
14.87
655.77
15.52
14.39
14.83
14.43
15.12
14.20
606.06
10.90
10.99
11.31
10.68
456.09
12.05
12.10
12.56
11.79
502.15
12.18
11.88
12.21
11.72
504.90
14.06
13.43
14.25
13.09
561.37
12.24
11.85
12.22
11.65
496.52
11.37
11.23
11.33
11.31
519.95
11.05
10.70
11.03
10.52
447.26
10.52
10.41
10.57
10.21
418.48
12.59
12.27
12.56
12.06
521.48
12.71
12.20
12.60
11.86
507.52
12.58
12.41
12.68
12.39
534.87
13.25
12.92
13.16
12.77
560.73
11.10
10.89
11.19
10.68
451.94
10.34
10.27
9.66
9.95
416.91
12.07
12.16
11.72
11.88
497.77
10.27
10.29
10.14
429.94
9.98
13.84
13.93
13.82
13.70
532.07
11.86
12.02
11.72
11.55
488.72
11.58
11.60
11.31
11.00
472.76
12.10
12.29
11.80
11.30
481.44
12.25
12.24
12.01
11.39
516.43
12.10
11.97
11.68
11.40
511.58
10.12
10.21
9.99
9.99
398.60
12.15
12.21
11.73
11.64
489.14
11.16
10.97
10.80
10.61
453.60
12.05
12.05
11.51
11.20
483.42
12.66
12.78
12.03
11.68
502.85

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

$487.41
618.45
621.65
616.28
448.56
496.36
495.76
551.09
486.97
504.43
441.84
410.44
519.79
514.72
547.64
558.05
445.36
410.55
500.44
433.13
543.89
489.72
462.00
454.26
484.08
489.06
404.60
494.70
463.66
468.16
488.22

$520.73
664.46
729.44
638.06
475.02
526.26
536.02
588.53
524.24
557.44
490.84
448.17
550.13
545.58
570.60
585.62
478.93
440.58
520.45
436.30
547.45
526.48
497.64
521.10
527.54
538.65
424.74
536.02
459.64
521.77
554.65

$503.27 $498.46
637.51
653.83
630.28
450.17
491.64
518.87
583.49
499.39
536.66
463.00
415.54
536.33
538.90
539.68
575.05
456.21
441.52
500.91
428.26
524.54
501.68
480.57
497.31
514.50
543.29
403.79
498.15
447.52
496.46
519.06

Jan.
1991P

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

11.00
10.97
11.13
11.58
12.55
11.24

10.46
10.77
10.89
11.47
12.88
11.13

11.57
11.26
11.42
11.81
12.01
11.51

11.56
11.08
11.30
11.75
12.31
11.49

444.40
439.90
446.31
487.52
517.06
472.08

418.40
432.95
438.87
486.33
530.66
470.80

496.35
463.91
469.36
504.29
494.81
489.18

462.40
446.52
457.65
488.80
509.63
476.84

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661

10.31
10.20
9.92
10.49
10.04
9.96
10.17
10.19
11.45
12.34
7.59
10.13
11.46
9.95
9.50
7.56
9.76
10.17
11.09
11.62

10.13
9.92
9.65
10.22
10.01
10.07
9.93
10.26
11.81
12.01
7.80
9.94
11.43
9.92
9.47
7.42
9.13
9.46
11.00
11.42

10.57
10.58
10.21
10.97
10.20
9.97
10.54
10.31
11.76
12.50
7.68
10.16
11.40
10.09
9.58
7.91
10.31
10.67
11.64
12.42

10.60
10.53
10.08
10.99
10.16
9.97
10.47
10.39
11.62
12.72
7.75
10.27
11.49
10.20
9.56
7.83
10.45
10.87
11.45
12.14

10.58 420.65
423.30
416.64
429.04
418.67
411.35
426.12
401.49
431.67
498.54
305.88
406.21
467.57
397.01
387.60
286.52
397.23
417.99
472.43
515.93

415.33
413.66
406.27
422.09
419.42
420.93
413.09
405.27
462.95
493.61
308.88
403.56
465.20
407.71
396.79
284.19
373.42
387.86
477.40
516.18

441.83
458.11
445.16
471.71
439.62
421.73
461.65
413.43
456.29
501.25
308.74
416.56
477.66
413.69
405.23
293.46
422.71
450.27
513.32
580.01

428.24
439.10
422.35
454.99
427.74
417.74
437.65
404.17
454.34
515.16
287.53
406.69
466.49
398.82
388.14
290.49
414.87
442.41
478.61
525.66

Feb.
1991P

422.14

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

3.4
3.7
4.4
2.5
3.3
3.6
3.4

3.3
4.0
4.1
2.4
3.3
3.8
3.3

3.9
3.7
4.9
2.9
3.2
3.1
2.7

3.2
3.6
4.0
2.5
2.8
2.5
2.4

Jan.
1991P

367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

40.3
41.3
40.4
39.7
41.1
41.2
41.0

40.1
41.7
40.2
39.6
41.3
42.0
40.9

41.1
41.8
40.9
40.8
41.7
41.9
41.0

39.7
41.4
39.7
39.0
40.9
40.4
40.3

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713

41.4
40.8
41.3
39.7
40.8
39.5
42.7
42.7
42.8
42.6
40.5
41.4
39.0
40.6
43.3
43.4
39.0
37.1

42.3
42.0
42.8
41.4
41.7
40.7
43.0
42.0
44.1
43.7
41.9
43.1
39.1
42.4
43.7
44.6
41.0
38.1

41.4
41.2
41.7
41.0
41.1
39.7
42.1
42.1
42.0
42.0
40.5
41.7
37.8
41.6
42.7
43.1
38.4
37.5

40.8
40.2

3792

42.0
42.4
42.5
41.3
42.7
40.5
42.3
41.9
42.9
42.6
40.4
41.3
38.6
41.4
42.5
42.8
39.7
38.3

4.0
4.1
4.1
3.3
4.4
2.8
4.6
4.3
5.3
4.5
2.9
3.2
2.4
3.2
3.8
4.1
2.6
1.8

3.6
2.9
2.9
2.2
3.1
2.1
4.6
4.5
5.0
4.5
3.2
3.6
2.6
2.9
4.4
4.5
2.6
1.6

3.9
3.5
4.1
2.7
3.3
2.7
4.9
4.5
6.0
4.8
3.4
3.8
2.6
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.0
1.0

3.2
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.2
4.0
4.3
3.8
3.7
2.7
3.0
1.9
2.2
3.5
3.9
2.0
.8

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts .

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.1
40.9
41.4
40.6
42.5
40.9
41.0
40.8
40.8
39.4
41.8
39.2

41.0
41.0
41.6
41.3
43.0
40.4
40.7
40.6
40.7
39.9
40.7
37.8

42.0
42.4
42.6
41.7
43.7
42.6
42.0
41.5
42.1
38.3
41.8
39.8

41.0
41.4
40.9
40.0
41.6
40.5
40.8
40.1
41.0
39.4
42.6
37.8

41.1

2.8
2.4
2.7
2.5
3.8
2.0
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.4
3.5
2.2

2.7
2.3
2.8
2.7
3.9
2.0
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.3

3.4
3.0
3.3
3.2
4.0
2.6
4.1
4.3
4.0
1.8
4.0
1.7

2.8
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.1
3.3
3.6
3.1
1.8
4.1
1.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39

39.3
37.0
36.6
39.0
39.7
38.0
40.8
40.7
39.1
39.2
39.5
40.2

39.8
39.7
39.4
40.2
39.9
38.9
40.6
40.6
39.4
39.1
39.8
40.3

38.9
37.0
36.5
38.9
39.9
39.5
40.1
39.8
38.0
37.6
38.9
39.1

38.9

396
3961
399
3993

39.5
38.4
38.0
39.8
39.7
39.0
40.2
40.4
39.8
40.4
39.3
39.9

2.5
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.7
2.2
3.0
2.4
2.7
3.3
2.7
3.1

2.4
1.5
1.5
2.1
2.6
1.5
3.3
2.9
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.8

2.8
3.2
3.6
2.3
3.0
2.6
3.2
2.4
1.8
1.8
2.9
3.4

2.1
1.4
1.6
1.6
2.8
2.6
2.8
1.8
.7
.7
2.4
2.4

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037

40.0
40.8
40.1
41.2
41.4
38.8
41.1
39.5
41.8
40.8
43.4
40.9
39.6

39.8
40.3
40.0
40.2
40.3
39.7
40.5
38.5
41.5
40.5
44.7
39.7
39.7

40.5
41.5
40.6
42.2
42.6
38.9
41.4
40.4
41.8
41.7
45.3
42.2
38.9

39.6
40.3
40.3
42.2
41.2
38.7
40.6
38.8
41.0
39.9
44.3
39.4
37.3

39.3
39.5

3.6
4.5
4.2
4.9
5.0
3.4
4.5
3.7
4.9
4.7
5.7
5.1
4.6

3.4
4.2
4.1
4.4
4.2
3.9
3.9
3.2
4.6
4.4
8.2
3.6
4.4

3.7
4.7
4.3
5.3
5.4
3.2
4.5
4.0
4.6
4.2
7.7
3.5
3.8

3.3
4.2
4.1
5.5
4.7
3.0
4.1
3.3
4.3
3.7
7.7
3.0
3.1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry slaughtering and processing ...
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
See footnotes at end of table.

90



3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

379

391
3911

393
394
3942,4
3949
395

Feb.
1991P

3.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
....
Engine electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

367
3671
3674

3679
369
3691
3694
37
371

3711
3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384

3841

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1990

$10.01
12.02
12.25
9.39
11.23
12.34
11.96

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

$9.82 $10.29 $10.31
11.58 12.20 11.99
12.07 12.67 12.66
9.52
9.54
9.20
10.83 11.32 11.53
11.94 12.72 12.70
11.43 11.68 12.27

Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

596.16
612.23
751.43
513.32
559.78
391.05
639.50

$585.89
590.54

$632.52
574.14
457.65
503.74
352.30
568.67
632.39

$420.81 $459.61 $427.01
343.92 351.28 348.38
$480.05

336.80
340.03
334.89
332.67
315.22
299.44
325.58
357.35
285.04
251.27
361.03
390.34

350.64
373.58
368.39
354.97
325.58
310.81
335.76
368.24
295.89
259.23
371.73
412.27

342.71
342.62
336.53
341.15
331.97
328.64
333.63
363.77
278.54
241.02
363.33
397.26

339.60

355.20
349.98
343.87
316.81
304.59
325.22
358.75
293.33
265.43
360.38
394.21
10.35 405.60
9.76 392.90
318.39
359.68
386.68
265.39
433.19
382.36
460.22
365.16
499.53
368.92
319.97

396.81
384.06
312.40
345.72
373.18
266.78
422.82
369.22
450.69
368.15
493.04
370.80
321.57

419.18
407.95
326.42
374.74
400.44
268.02
443.39
392.69
468.58
389.06
565.34
394.15
329.09

409.86
394.94
323.21
373.89
385.63
267.03
435.23
375.97
459.20
375.86
548.43
375.88
322.27

406.76
385.52

10.49
9.28
9.94

9.84
9.88
9.57

9.61
9.55
9.40

9.90

9.87

8.21

14.12
7.70

8.02
13.83
7.74

8.43
14.23
7.82

8.34
14.31
7.79

8.62
9.25
9.21
8.64
7.98
7.81
8.09
8.88
7.37
6.57
9.17
9.88

8.57
9.19
9.15
8.53
7.94
7.88
7.98
8.78
7.29
6.41
9.14
9.71

8.81
9.41
9.35
8.83
8.16
7.99
8.27
9.07
7.51
6.63
9.34
10.23

8.81
9.26
9.22
8.77
8.32
8.32
8.32
9.14
7.33
6.41
9.34
10.16

8.73 340.49

10.14
9.63
7.94
8.73
9.34
6.84
10.54
9.68
11.01
8.95

9.97
9.53
7.81
8.60
9.26
6.72
10.44
9.59

10.35
9.83
8.04
8.88
9.40
6.89
10.71
9.72
11.21
9.33
12.48
9.34
8.46

10.35
9.80
8.02
8.86
9.36
6.90
10.72
9.69
11.20
9.42
12.38
9.54
8.64

11.51
9.02
8.08

$627.02 $675.17
561.04 601.75
437.81 471.38
484.79 517.20
356.07 365.59
542.82 582.15
611.83 648.07

$409.31
496.39
502.60
372.06
471.58
513.08
494.48

478.47
628.45
451.13
388.00
449.70
453.20
415.75
413.83
404.67
328.60
609.61
294.46

10.70
9.40
10.40
10.83

10.86
9.09
11.03
9.34
8.10

609.97
625.38
766.98
507.98
562.53
405.37
654.89

Feb.
1991 P

488.04
643.21
467.75
403.66
474.15
472.01
427.56
424.55
416.79
322.87
594.8J
311.24

11.09
14.16

10.58

560.97
559.78
685.99
479.18
520.61
374.86
621.29

Jan.
1991 P

454.69
580.56
436.38
383.26
427.42
427.43
391.13
387.73
382.58
320.00
562.88
292.57

11.32

14.64

9.68
10.85
11.08
10.18
10.23

Dec.
1990

$403.40 $393.78 $422.92
496.43 482.89 509.96
494.90 485.21 518.20
372.78 364.32 388.42
461.55 447.28 472.04
508.41 501.48 532.97
490.36 467.49 478.88

14.10 13.55 14.42 14.40 $14.36 592.20
14.61 13.72 14.89 14.86 14.69 619.46
733.55
17.26 16.61 17.92 18.02
515.42
12.48 12.07 12.27 12.52
12.76
575.60
13.49 13.62
13.48
9.49
391.23
9.85
9.96
9.66
14.55
626.46
15.23 15.19
14.81
(2)
(2)
$636.64
$14.84 $14.65 $15.31 $15.06
571.27
13.41 13.17 13.77 13.67
441.17
10.92 10.81 11.25 11.30
489.41
11.85 11.71 12.00 12.08
9.32
9.13
347.79
9.35
9.01
555.17
13.41 13.37 13.73 13.67
611.58
14.39 14.13 14.83 14.81
2
2
()
()
$430.75
$10.85 $10.79 $11.21 $11.12
9.27
355.04
9.29
9.27
9.22
11.62
15.17
10.98

Jan.
1990

11.67 $11.68 465.25
15.18
598.78
11.03
442.98
9.70
381.64
10.81
442.00
11.19
442.95
10.19
403.44
10.32
403.10

390.46
323.47
590.22
301.84

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds; nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

44.9
48.2
42.1
39.6
39.3

44.6
45.4
42.7
39.3
38.8

46.3
49.2
43.2
39.8
39.0

45.3
47.5
43.3
38.4
38.0

6.2
7.2
5.2
4.1
4.3

6.0
5.9
5.6
3.6
3.7

7.1
7.7
5.9
4.3
4.1

7.0
7.5
6.0
3.5
3.5

2086
209

40.1
41.0
45.1
48.0
39.8
39.7
44.2
41.8
43.6
41.1
39.6

40.4
41.0
48.3
47.6
40.7
39.1
43.9
40.6
42.7
39.4
37.7

41.4
41.9
51.5
50.2
41.5
39.8
46.1
42.6
44.4
41.6
40.3

39.1
40.2
49.1
46.0
41.5
38.0
45.2
40.6
42.3
40.0
38.1

3.6
3.9
7.3
9.9
3.6
3.1
6.0
4.7
7.0
4.0
4.6

3.5
4.0
10.5
10.3
3.7
2.8
5.6
3.7
6.3
2.7
4.1

4.7
4.5
12.2
9.8
3.3
3.7
7.2
4.8
6.5
4.3
4.7

3.6
3.5
10.1
8.0
3.3
2.5
6.5
4.0
6.1
3.3
3.9

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

39.2
39.5

37.6
38.1

39.9
40.3

39.1
39.4

37.5

2.3
2.5

2.2
2.4

3.2
3.6

3.1
3.4

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225

40.0
40.1
40.8
40.1
40.3
38.3
38.0
37.5
37.6
37.7
39.7
41.7
41.8
42.0
42.5
39.4
39.9
36.5
41.2

40.1
40.6
41.0
40.6
40.5
38.2
38.3
37.4
37.7
37.9
39.9
40.6
41.5
40.3
42.7
39.9
40.2
37.5
41.2

39.7
39.5
40.3
40.6
39.8
37.2
39.6
37.3
34.8
34.6
38.6
43.6
43.2
44.4
44.0
38.5
39.0
34.7
41.9

39.2
39.3
39.6
38.3
38.8
37.4
39.0
38.1
35.1
35.6
38.5
41.7
41.9
42.3
41.9
38.2
38.8
33.8
41.7

38.7

3.6
4.2
3.8
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.0
3.1
1.8
3.5
4.8
4.7
5.2
4.5
3.3
3.6
2.2
3.7

3.6
4.4
3.9
2.8
3.0
2.8
3.6
2.0
2.8
1.9
3.3
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.8
3.4
3.7
2.4
3.6

3.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
2.5
2.7
3.2
1.9
2.7
2.0
3.1
6.3
5.9
7.0
5.4
2.9
3.0
2.3
3.8

3.1
4.1
3.1
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.9
2.1
1.9
1.4
2.5
4.8
4.5
5.4
4.0
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.3

36.4
35.7
36.2
36.1
35.4
36.8
35.0
35.3
33.7
35.3
35.5
37.4
37.9
35.1
36.5
36.1
37.0
38.6
36.3
38.7
40.2

36.3
35.8
36.6
36.6
35.9
36.5
35.2
34.9
33.9
36.2
35.6
36.4
36.8
34.6
37.3
36.3
37.1
37.5
35.2
38.5
37.8

36.9
37.4
36.2
36.7
36.3
37.2
35.7
35.2
34.7
35.4
36.3
38.2
38.7
35.8
37.6
37.0
37.2
39.0
38.1
39.5
39.4

36.0
36.4
35.9
35.4
36.1
36.4
34.9
35.1
33.4
35.0
35.5
36.9
37.3
35.1
36.9
35.7
36.0
37.3
35.1
37.3
38.3

36.3

1.6
.8
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.3
2.5
1.7
2.5
3.3

1.5
.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.7
1.3
1.1
2.0
2.4
2.5
1.4
1.9
1.5
2.3
1.7

1.8
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.7
1.0
1.4
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.5
2.1
2.4
1.3
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.4

1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.7
.9
1.4
.8
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.1
1.2
.8
1.8
2.0
1.2
1.7

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
See footnotes at end of table.

92




204
2041
2048
205
2051

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257

226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229
:

.....

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396

.6
1.7
2.0

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

204
2041
2048
205
2051

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

$11.58 $11.41 $11.98 $11.72
10.56
10.82
10.47
10.68
9.35
9.40
8.92
9.07
11.05
11.07
10.65
10.85
10.97
11.02
10.65
10.86

Feb.
1991P

Jan.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

$519.94
514.78
381.85
429.66
426.80

$508.89
475.34
380.88
418.55
413.22

$554.67
532.34
406.08
440.59
429.78

$530.92
501.60
404.86
424.32
416.86

Feb.
1991P

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

10.81
10.23
10.16
14.31
10.58
9.10
10.12
13.53
18.65
10.81
9.01

10.64
10.01
10.54
14.32
9.95
8.72
9.80
13.29
18.21
10.60
8.92

11.15
10.22
9.95
14.54
10.12
9.31
10.38
13.72
18.57
11.19
9.15

11.20
10.30
10.23
14.43
10.09
9.21
10.20
13.62
18.72
11.05
9.18

433.48
419.43
458.22
686.88
421.08
361.27
447.30
565.55
813.14
444.29
356.80

429.86
410.41
509.08
681.63
404.97
340.95
430.22
539.57
777.57
417.64
336.28

461.61
428.22
512.43
729.91
419.98
370.54
478.52
584.47
824.51
465.50
368.75

437.92
414.06
502.29
663.78
418.74
349.98
461.04
552.97
791.86
442.00
349.76

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

16.46
19.57

15.49
19.38

16.18
20.37

16.14 $16.26 645.23
20.26
773.02

582.42
738.38

645.58
820.91

631.07
798.24

$609.75

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

8.01
8.31
8.63
8.61
7.39
7.36
6.89
7.01
7.26
7.36
8.02
8.45
8.37
8.81
8.24
7.69
7.69
7.86
9.07

7.90
8.24
8.49
8.52
7.27
7.24
6.92
6.81
7.13
7.29
7.88
8.36
8.24
8.75
8.15
7.58
7.58
7.63
8.80

8.16
8.38
8.78
8.64
7.62
7.43
7.03
7.11
7.28
7.37
8.10
8.68
8.60
9.08
8.39
7.77
111
8.01
9.39

8.17
8.42
8.76
8.62
7.65
7.53
7.16
7.26
7.41
7.49
8.11
8.69
8.57
9.10
8.29
7.80
111
8.15
9.32

8.14 320.40 316.79
333.23 334.54
352.10 j 348.09
345.26 345.91
297.82 J 294.44
281.89 276.57
261.82 265.04
262.88 254.69
272.98 268.80
277.47 276.29
318.39 314.41
352.37 339.42
349.87 341.96
370.02 352.63
350.20 348.01
302.99 302.44
306.83 304.72
286.89 286.13
373.68 362.56

323.95
331.01
353.83
350.78
303.28
276.40
278.39
265.20
253.34
255.00
312.66
378.45
371.52
403.15
369.16
299.15
303.03
277.95
393.44

320.26
330.91
346.90
330.15
296.82
281.62
279.24
276.61
260.09
266.64
312.24
362.37
359.08
384.93
347.35
297.96
301.48
275.47
388.64

315.02

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.59
7.37
6.05
5.96
5.95
5.87
6.28
5.56
6.68
6.99
6.14
6.19
6.05
6.98
5.95
5.85
6.41
7.87
6.55
6.69
11.24

6.40
7.33
5.95
5.92
5.80
5.75
6.16
5.45
6.42
6.85
6.08
6.14
5.95
7.09
5.92
5.86
6.39
7.40
6.49
6.57
10.25

6.67
7.40
6.11
6.02
6.05
5.94
6.42
5.62
6.88
7.18
6.27
6.19
6.04
7.00
6.11
6.00
6.41
7.91
6.72
6.89
11.06

6.65
7.37
6.19
6.10
6.09
6.01
6.44
5.70
6.86
7.04
6.33
6.33
6.18
7.15
6.11
5.87
6.57
7.71
6.65
6.89
10.38

6.63 239.88
263.11
219.01
215.16
210.63
216.02
219.80
196.27
225.12
246.75
217.97
231.51
229.30
245.00
217.18
211.19
237.17
303.78
237.77
258.90
451.85

246.12
276.76
221.18
220.93
219.62
220.97
229.19
197.82
238.74
254.17
227.60
236.46
233.75
250.60
229.74
222.00
238.45
308.49
256.03
272.16
435.76

239.40
268.27
222.22
215.94
219.85
218.76
224.76
200.07
229.12
246.40
224.72
233.58
230.51
250.97
225.46
209.56
236.52
287.58
233.42
257.00
397.55

240.67

232.32
262.41
217.77
216.67
208.22
209.88
216.83
190.21
217.64
247.97
216.45
223.50
218.96
245.31
220.82
212.72
237.07
277.50
228.45
252.95
387.45

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

43.1
45.2
45.3
42.2
42.7
43.0
41.9
41.9
42.7
41.4
41.2

42.5

43).O

44.2
46.1
46.2
43.4
43.4
46.4
43.3
42.9
42.0
43.2
43.4

4.8
5.3
7.3
4.5
4.9
4.3
4.4
4.0
3.9
4.8
3.6

4.6
4.4
7.1
4.3
4.5
3.8
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.4

5.0
5.6
7.6
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.3
3.4
5.2
4.2

4.6
5.3
6.8
4.2
4.4
4.8
4.3
3.8
3.2
4.2
3.4

37.9
33.0
38.1
38.7
38.9
38.5
36.6
39.4
39.1
39.7
41.7
37.7
39.4

37.6
32.6
38.2
37.8
38.7
36.6
36.3
38.9
38.7
39.0
42.4
37.7
39.4

38.4
33.2
38.4
39.6
39.6
39.5
36.7
39.8
39.8
39.7
43.7
38.5
39.6

37.3
32.3
37.9
38.3
39.1
37.3
36.0
38.7
38.6
38.7
41.5
37.6
38.4

37.3

3.0
1.3
3.2
3.0
2.4
3.8
1.9
3.5.
3.6
3.3
3.5
2.6
4.2

2.8
1.0
3.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.5
3.4
3.4
3.2
4.2
2.8
4.0

3.2
1.3
3.1
3.6
2.7
4.6
2.0
3.7
3.8
3.5
5.0
2.6
4.4

2.5
.8
2.8
2.8
2.4
3.3
1.6
3.0
3.1
2.7
3.3
2.1
3.4

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

42.6
42.9
42.6
42.5
44.0
41.0
41.8
41.8
40.8
42.3
41.3
39.6
41.9
45.2
44.3
45.5
44.1
42.4

42.7
42.4
42.1
42.4
44.2
40.6
42.5
42.5
41.1
42.7
42.1
39.7
41.6
45.7
45.3
45.9
44.1
42.6

43.4
44.4
44.2
42.6
44.1
41.5
43.3
43.5
42.2
43.9
41.5
41.4
41.9
45.8
44.5
46.4
44.3
43.4

42.4
43.9
44.1
42.4
43.3
41.6
41.7
41.8
39.8
41.1
41.0
38.3
41.3
45.0
43.6
45.6
44.8
41.9

42.3

4.4
4.4
4.3
4.9
5.6
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.0
4.5
3.0
2.1
3.6
5.8
5.6
5.9
5.3
4.1

4.4
3.8
3.7
4.9
5.5
4.3
4.4
4.4
3.1
4.3
3.2
2.3
3.3
6.3
6.0
6.5
5.0
3.9

4.5
4.6
4.4
4.7
5.5
4.0
4.5
4.5
3.3
4.7
2.9
2.5
2.8
5.9
5.0
6.3
5.4
4.4

4.2
4.4
4.4
4.6
5.1
4.2
4.4
4.5
2.8
4.4
3.4
1.3
2.8
5.3
4.4
5.6
5.5
4.1

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

44.6
44.7
45.5

44.0
44.2
44.8

43.9
44.7
41.7

42.9
43.8
40.0

44.4

6.1
5.7
8.3

5.8
5.7
7.1

5.9
6.1
5.8

5.2
5.6
4.4

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics,footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.1
43.0
41.8
42.3
42.5
40.8
40.8

40.8
43.5
44.4
41.8
43.6
40.2
40.4

41.5
42.2
43.3
42.5
41.6
40.9
41.4

40.9
43.9
42.0
42.0
41.8
39.9
40.5

40.5

3.6
4.9
2.9
3.6
3.8
3.0
3.5

3.4
5.2
3.3
3.0
3.9
2.7
3.3

3.6
4.5
3.4
3.6
3.1
2.7
3.6

3.3
5.0
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.3
3.3

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

37.4
41.7
36.4
36.4
36.3
39.7
36.9

37.2
41.9
36.5
36.7
36.1
37.5
35.4

37.8
43.0
36.2
36.7
35.3
42.2
37.5

36.7
41.3
35.4
35.8
34.8
41.1
35.1

36.5

1.8
4.1
1.3
1.0
1.4
2.5
2.0

1.9
4.4
1.5
.9
1.9
1.9
2.1

2.0
5.2
1.3
1.1
1.2
2.9
1.7

1.5
4.1
.9
.9
.7
2.3
.7

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.3
45.2
45.6
42.5
43.0
43.9
42.0
42.0
43.1
41.7
41.8

43.4
44.8
45.8
42.6
43.2
42.3
42.3
42.5
44.1
42.1

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Handbags and personal leather goods
See footnotes at end of table.

94



...
....

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991 P

Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

$12.30 $12.11 $12.54 $12.51 $12.53 $532.59
682.52
15.10 14.72 15.33 15.20
695.86
15.26 14.98 15.69 15.57
441.15
10.38 10.27 10.55 10.55
451.50
10.50 10.36 1Q.63 10.59
442.95
10.09 10.06 10.38 10.37
448.98
10.69 10.63 10.93 10.93
452.34
10.77 10.64 11.02 11.02
524.10
12.16 12.00 12.46 12.43
424.09
10.17
9.99 10.42 10.48
422.60
10.11
9.99 10.27 10.34

Jan.

1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991 P

Feb.
1991 P

$525.57
659.46
686.08
437.50
447.55
425.54
449.65
452.20
529.20
420.58
429.57

$554.27 $539.18 $532.53
706.71 687.04
461.34
481.63
473.27
472.76
523.32
450.14
445.72

445.91
457.97
461.74
530.76
433.87
426.01

724.88
457.87

705.32
445.21
452.19

11.38
11.44
11.78
10.22
10.09
10.38
10.34
11.66
11.74
11.46
12.14
9.00
13.70

11.39 426.38
370.92
454.53
390.87
383.94
400.40
375.15
454.28
454.73
447.42
488.31
332.89
542.54

418.11
361.21
451.52
373.84
369.97
378.44
368.81
443.07
444.66
435.24
490.57
332.51
537.42

439.68
376.16
458.50
411.05
406.69
415.15
383.52
466.46
469.24
458.14
535.33
348.04
552.82

424.47
369.51
446.46
391.43
394.52
387.17
372.24
451.24
453.16
443.50
503.81
338.40
526.08

424.85

13.64

11.45
11.33
11.94
10.38
10.27
10.51
10.45
11.72
11.79
11.54
12.25
9.04
13.96

13.54
14.67
14.83
14.02
14.84
13.31
12.87
12.85
11.76
15.51
10.36
10.05
12.01
15.97
15.94
16.16
13.58
12.30

13.34
14.36
14.46
13.68
14.51
13.01
12.78
12.80
11.60
15.37
10.14
9.97
11.72
15.76
15.81
15.93
13.43
12.15

13.75
14.85
15.16
14.39
15.13
13.50
13.07
13.01
12.07
15.41
10.55
10.51
12.19
16.05
15.90
16.25
14.02
12.42

13.83
14.87
15.19
14.41
15.05
13.73
13.12
13.09
12.18
15.38
10.71
10.68
12.44
16.02
15.84
16.25
14.00
12.53

13.78 576.80
629.34
631.76
595.85
652.96
545.71
537.97
537.13
479.81
656.07
427.87
397.98
503.22
721.84
706.14
735.28
598.88
521.52

569.62
608.86
608.77
580.03
641.34
528.21
543.15
544.00
476.76
656.30
426.89
395.81
487.55
720.23
716.19
731.19
592.26
517.59

596.75
659.34
670.07
613.01
667.23
560.25
565.93
565.94
509.35
676.50
437.83
435.11
510.76
735.09
707.55
754.00
621.09
539.03

586.39
652.79
669.88
610.98
651.67
571.17
547.10
547.16
484.76
632.12
439.11
409.04
513.77
720.90
690.62
741.00
627.20
525.01

582.89

29
291
295

16.23
17.58
12.82

15.87
17.07
12.16

16.51
17.76
12.85

16.65
17.88
12.30

17.23 723.86

698.28
754.49
544.77

724.79
793.87
535.85

714.29
783.14
492.00

765.01

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

9.79
15.42
6.66
9.68
9.92
9.35
9.17

9.65
15.24
6.36
9.46
9.72
9.17
9.02

9.98
15.61
6.80
9.85
9.89
9.47
9.37

10.08
16.06
6.85
9.83
10.03
9.57
9.37

10.08 402.37

393.72
662.94
282.38
395.43
423.79
368.63
364.41

414.17
658.74
294.44
418.63
411.42
387.32
387.92

412.27
705.03
287.70
412.86
419.25
381.84
379.49

408.24

663.06
278.39
409.46
421.60
381.48
374.14

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

6.91
9.04
6.60
7.13
6.13
6.91
6.08

6.82
8.87
6.52
6.98
6.10
6.81
5.95

7.09
9.40
6.75
7.27
6.29
6.97
6.21

7.10
9.39
6.78
7.29
6.32
6.97
6.13

7.12 258.43
376.97
240.24
259.53
222.52
274.33
224.35

253.70
371.65
237.98
256.17
220.21
255.38
210.63

268.00
404.20
244.35
266.81
222.04
294.13
232.88

260.57
387.81
240.01
260.98
219.94
286.47
215.16

259.88

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

11.25
11.24
11.93
10.10
9.87
10.40
10.25
11.53
11.63
11.27
11.71
8.83
13.77

11.12

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
,
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

11.08
11.82

9.89
9.56
10.34
10.16
11.39
11.49
11.16
11.57
8.82

785.83
583.31

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

38.9

37.8

39.0

38.2

4011

45.2

41.5

45.3

45.0

41

32.9
38.3
39.1

33.0
38.1
38.2

32.1
37.8
36.2

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

Average weekly hours

,

411
413

33.1
38.2
38.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

38.5
38.4
39.4

37.4
37.3
39.0

38.7
38.6
39.9

37.0
36.8
39.0

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

41.7

41.6

42.1

40.3

Transportation services:
Freight transportation arrangement

473

37.6

36.9

38.4

37.5

Communications
Telephone communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
483
484

39.3
40.9
34.7
38.2

39.3
40.8
35.0
37.9

39.0
40.5
34.8
38.0

39.1
40.8
34.2
38.2

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

41.7
41.7
42.2
41.4
41.8

41.5
41.2
42.5
42.0
41.2

41.6
41.6
43.0
40.5
42.2

41.4
41.5
42.9
40.3
41.6

38.1

37.8

38.4

37.7

38.6
38.0
37.1
39.6
38.8
40.1
38.6
38.7
38.9
37.1

38.3
37.9
36.5
38.7
38.5
39.9
38.4
38.6
38.8
36.5

38.9
38.1
37.6
39.6
39.4
40.7
38.9
39.0
39.1
37.5

38.3
37.7
36.4
38.4
38.9
39.7
38.6
38.4
38.5
36.7

37.4
37.5
37.2
36.6
37.9
40.0
38.2
36.5
36.6

37.0
37.1
37.6
35.9
37.5
40.2
38.1
35.6
36.2

37.7
38.1
37.6
36.9
38.4
40.6
38.3
36.8
36.5

36.9
37.0
37.2
36.1
37.6
40.1
38.1
35.8
35.8

28.8

28.1

29.3

27.7

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
.'
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
,
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517

509

518

519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.1
37.9
32.2

35.5
37.2
31.6

35.7
37.4
32.5

34.7
36.5
31.4

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

28.3
28.1
28.8
28.9

26.9
26.7
27.9
27.5

31.0
30.9
32.5
30.7

26.7
26.5
27.8
27.4

See footnotes at end of table.

96




Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

38.2

37.8

28.1

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nortsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1991p

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

$12.95 $12.79 $13.13 $13.19 $13.16 $503.76 $483.46 $512.07 $503.86 $502.71

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

16.08

16.20

15.99

15.92

726.82

672.30

724.35

716.40

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

9.06
9.86
11.33

9.07
9.85
11.71

9.14
9.96

9.23
10.08
11.55

299.89
376.65
436.21

298.40
377.26
457.86

301.62
379.48
441.21

296.28
381.02
418.11

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

11.73
9.58

11.59
11.75
9.44

11.85

11.88

9.79

11.77
11.91
9.82

451.61
456.19
377.45

433.47
438.28
368.16

458.60
463.20
390.62

435.49
438.29
382.98

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

17.04

16.69

17.72

17.38

710.57

694.30

746.01

700.41

Transportation services:
Freight transportation arrangement

473

12.16

11.75

12.50

12.43

457.22

433.58

480.00

466.13

Communications
Telephone communications
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
483
484

13.49
14.15
12.64
10.50

13.37
13.98
12.62
10.41

13.69
14.29
13.15
10.61

13.82
14.44
13.16
10.80

530.16
578.74
438.61
401.10

525.44
570.38
441.70
394.54

533.91
578.75
457.62
403.18

540.36
589.15
450.07
412.56

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

15.27
15.83
14.28
17.62
11.55

14.99
15.50
14.15
17.03
11.51

15.74
16.16
14.85
18.77
11.61

15.70
16.15
14.66
18.65
11.81

636.76
660.11
602.62
729.47
482.79

622.09
638.60
601.38
715.26
474.21

654.78
672.26
638.55
760.19
489.94

649.98
670.23
628.91
751.60
491.30

10.80

10.61

11.05

11.06

11.09 411.48

401.06

424.32

416.96

10.92
9.89
9.96
10.26
12.62
10.23
10.99
8.60

11.43
10.30
10.35
10.77
13.53
11.54
11.65
10.84
11.33
8.96

11.46
10.23
10.37
10.64
13.59
11.50
11.83
10.69
11.36
8.96

430.39
380.00
377.31
415.01
507.12
453.13
441.20
407.90
433.35
326.48

418.24
374.83
363.54
397.06
485.87
446.08
432.38
394.88
426.41
313.90

444.63
392.43
389.16
426.49
533.08
469.68
453.19
422.76
443.00
336.00

438.92
385.67
377.47
408.58
528.65
456.55
456.64
410.50
437.36
328.83

Wholesale trade

11.55

12.00

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

11.15
10.00
10.17
10.48
13.07
11.30
11.43
10.54
11.14
8.80

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and attied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512

10.28
10.98
11.87
10.02
10.44
12.53
10.21
12.06
8.61

10.14
10.75
11.46
10.06
10.30
12.50
10.12
11.76
8.47

10.49
11.06
12.23
10.15
10.60
12.63
10.31
12.68
8.86

10.47
10.94
12.03
10.31
10.68
12.49
10.27
12.43
8.80

384.47
411.75
441.56
366.73
395.68
501.20
390.02
440.19
315.13

375.18
398.83
430.90
361.15
386.25
502.50
385.57
418.66
306.61

395.47
421.39
459.85
374.54
407.04
512.78
394.87
466.62
323.39

386.34
404.78
447.52
372.19
401.57
500.85
391.29
444.99
315.04

6.78

6.73

6.86

6.93

6.91 195.26

189.11

201.00

191.96

513
514
516
517

518
519

Retail trade

11.18
11.26

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.97
8.32
6.73

7.89
8.23
6.60

8.07
8.43
6.84

8.06
8.35
6.86

287.72
315.33
216.71

280.10
306.16
208.56

288.10
315.28
222.30

279.68
304.78
215.40

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.82
7.00
5.62
6.32

6.89
7.11
5.50
6.18

6.79
6.96
5.69
6.28

6.85
7.00
5.75
6.47

193.01
196.70
161.86
182.65

185.34
189.84
153.45
169.95

210.49
215.06
184.93
192.80

182.90
185.50
159.85
177.28

419.20

194.17

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

54
541
546

29.7
29.8
29.0

28.9
29.0
27.8

29.5
29.5
29.8

28.7
28.9
27.5

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

36.2
37.2
38.1
33.9
35.1

35.8
36.8
37.5
33.7
36.1

36.0
37.2
37.9
33.7
33.8

35.6
36.8
37.2
33.5
34.3

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores .
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.0
28.3
24.1
27.3
30.5

25.8
27.6
22.9
25.2
29.0

27.9
29.3
24.8
28.8
31.2

25.6
26.8
22.4
26.1
29.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores .
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.9
33.4
33.4
31.9
31.7
26.5

32.7
33.1
33.3
31.7
31.6
26.2

33.2
33.6
34.2
32.4
32.8
26.8

32.3
32.6
32.5
31.7
31.9
25.2

Eating and drinking places 4 .

58

25.2

24.6

25.0

23.8

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591

29.6
27.5
28.4
32.8
37.6
31.6

29.0
26.9
27.5
31.5
39.5
30.9

30.5
28.0
29.6
34.7
38.1
32.3

28.7
27.2
27.1
31.2
39.4
29.9

35.8

35.6

36.2

35.7

594
596

598
599

5

Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Depository institutions .
Commercial banks ...
Credit unions

60
602
606

35.6
35.5
35.7

35.3
35.2
35.5

35.9
35.8
35.7

35.5
35.3
35.5

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions .

61
614

37.6
37.9

36.7
37.0

37.9
37.8

36.2
36.0

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.6

37.7

37.9

37.9

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ...

63
631
632
633

37.4
37.1
38.3
37.2

37.1
36.9
37.9
36.8

37.9
37.5
38.9
37.7

37.3
36.9
38.3
37.3

32.6

32.4

32.7

32.2

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

30.8

29.8

30.0

29.0

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.0
29.4
25.8

33.7
29.0
23.1

34.0
30.4
26.3

33.0
28.6
25.8

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings.

73
731
734

33.2
36.7
28.8

33.1
36.7
28.7

33.7
36.7
29.2

33.0
36.1
27.9

Personnel supply services:
Help supply services

7363

30.8

30.5

31.5

30.9

Computer and data processing services
Miscellaneous business services

737
738

38.1
34.3

37.9
34.3

38.2
34.6

37.4
34.1

See footnotes at end of table.

98




Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

35.8

32.4

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Avg.
1990

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

54
541
546

$7.38
7.48
6.34

$7.31
7.41
6.23

$7.45
7.57
6.46

$7.53
7.62
6.53

$219.19 $211.26 $219.78 $216.11
222.90 214.89 223.32 220.22
183.86 173.19 192.51 179.58

Automotive dealers and service stations ...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

8.95
11.09
7.80
6.20

8.71

10.83

7.68
6.09
10.96

8.99
11.05
7.91
6.28
11.07

8.90
10.83
7.89
6.32
10.61

323.99
412.55
297.18
210.18
380.13

311.82
393.76
288.00
205.23
395.66

323.64
411.06
299.79
211.64
374.17

316.84
398.54
293.51
211.72
363.92

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

6.28
7.66
6.00
6.22
6.14

6.18
7.68
5.84
6.12
6.03

6.39
7.63
6.10
6.38
6.29

6.51
8.02
6.26
6.49
6.30

169.56
216.78
144.60
169.81
187.27

159.44
211.97
133.74
154.22
174.87

178.28
223.56
151.28
183.74
196.25

166.66
214.94
140.22
169.39
187.11

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

8.58
8.44
8.83
8.73
8.76
5.20

8.54
8.41
8.82
8.68
8.67
5.00

8.77
8.61
9.25
8.91
9.24
5.28

8.75
8.62
9.02
8.89
8.70
5.40

282.28
281.90
294.92
278.49
277:69
137.80

279.26
278.37
293.71
275.16
273.97
131.00

291.16
289.30
316.35
288.68
303.07
141.50

282.63
281.01
293.15
281.81
277.53
136.08

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.97

4.87

5.09

5.10

125.24

119.80

127.25

121.38

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
594
596
598
599

7.12
6.78
6.68
7.91
9.87
7.39

7.05
6.63
6.59
7.88
9.97
7.28

7.17
6.92
6.69
7.90
10.21
7.40

7.35
7.04
6.91
8.00
10.34
7.54

210.75
186.45
189.71
259.45
371.11
233.52

204.45
178.35
181.23
248.22
393.82
224.95

218.69
193.76
198.02
274.13
389.00
239.02

210.95
191.49
187.26
249.60
407.40
225.45

9.99

9.80

10.25

10.27 $10.32 357.64

348.88

371.05

366.64 $369.46

Retail trade—Continued
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

10.70

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Credit unions

60
602
606

8.51
8.14
8.12

8.37
8.04
8.03

8.67
8.29
8.31

8.69
8.30
8.39

302.96
288.97
289.88

295.46
283.01
285.07

311.25
296.78
296.67

308.50
292.99
297.85

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

10.39
9.29

10.34
9.33

10.74
9.76

10.85
9.85

390.66
352.09

379.48
345.21

407.05
368.93

392.77
354.60

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

13.22

13.24

13.60

13.59

497.07

499.15

515.44

515.06

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

11.17
10.36
10.77
12.00

10.92
10.17
10.64
11.67

11.46
10.55
11.05
12.33

11.48
10.56
10.97
12.43

417.76
384.36
412.49
446.40

405.13
375.27
403.26
429.46

434.33
395.63
429.85
464.84

428.20
389.66
420.15
463.64

10.14

10.16

10.18 321.44

314.93

331.58

327.15

7.25

7.18

214.68

206.22

217.50

208.22

Services

9.86

9.72

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

6.97

6.92

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

6.83
7.10
7.15

6.71
6.87
6.85

6.93
7.17
7.51

6.94
7.00
7.13

232.22
208.74
184.47

226.13
199.23
158.24

235.62
217.97
197.51

229.02
200.20
183.95

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings

73
731
734

9.55
13.54
7.21

9.35
13.19
7.03

9.71
13.95
7.23

9.73
13.65
7.21

317.06
496.92
207.65

309.49
484.07
201.76

327.23
511.97
211.12

321.09
492.77
201.16

Personnel supply services:
Help supply services

7363

8.08

8.03

8.18

8.27

248.86

244.92

257.67

255.54

Computer and data processing services
Miscellaneous business services

737
738

15.05
7.93

14.54
7.74

15.43
8.03

15.33
8.02

573.41
272.00

551.07
265.48

589.43
277.84

573.34
273.48

Feb.
1991 P

329.83

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Detective and armored car services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

7381

33.9

34.0

34.5

34.4

75
753

36.7
38.3

36.1
37.9

36.6
38.2

36.0
37.7

76

37.9

37.8

38.1

37.6

78
781

27.6
35.8

27.6
36.8

28.3
37.1

28.2
36.4

79
799

27.1
26.7

27.0
26.0

26.8
26.2

26.2
24.9

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services

80
801
802
805
806
808

32.6
31.7
28.4
32.1
34.2
25.4

32.6
31.8
28.5
32.0
34.4
24.9

32.8
32.0
28.8
32.6
34.3
26.1

32.5
31.7
28.4
32.2
34.1
25.8

Legal services

81

34.9

34.7

35.6

34.7

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ....
Research and testing services
Management and public relations

87
871
872
873
874

37.4
39.1
37.7
36.2
35.4

37.1
38.9
37.3
35.9
35.3

37.3
39.0
37.3
36.4
35.5

36.9
38.1
38.1
36.0
34.9

Services, nee

89

37.1

37.0

37.1

35.4

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ....
Amusement and recreation services
Misc. amusement and recreation services

See footnotes at end of table.

100



Average overtime hours
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Detective and armored car services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

7381

$6.25

$6.13

$6.31

$6.26

75
753

8.80
9.66

8.69
9.58

8.94
9.72

8.97
9.79

322.96
369.98

313.71
363.08

327.20
371.30

322.92
369.08

76

10.33

10.20

10.46

10.42

391.51

385.56

398.53

391.79

$211.88 $208.42 $217.70 $215.34

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ....
Amusement and recreation services
Misc. amusement and recreation services

78
781

11.19
17.16

10.76
16.65

12.79
19.39

12.17
18.82

308.84
614.33

296.98
612.72

361.96
719.37

343.19
685.05

79
799

8.19
7.34

8.34
7.51

8.62
7.63

8.58
7.59

221.95
195.98

225.18
195.26

231.02
199.91

224.80
188.99

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services

80
801
802
805
806
808

10.41
10.59
10.13
7.23
11.79
8.77

10.23
10.26
9.79
7.06
11.63
8.50

10.65
11.00
10.36
7.39
12.03
9.11

10.72
11.01
10.40
7.44
12.12
9.25

339.37
335.70
287.69
232.08
403.22
222.76

333.50
326.27
279.02
225.92
400.07
211.65

349.32
352.00
298.37
240.91
412.63
237.77

348.40
349.02
295.36
239.57
413.29
238.65

Legal services

81

14.18

13.86

14.58

14.36

494.88

480.94

519.05

498.29

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ....
Research and testing services
Management and public relations

87
871
872
873
874

13.58
14.76
12.12
14.09
12.53

13.34
14.48
11.73
13.95
12.50

14.03
15.24
12.67
14.56
12.80

13.92
15.22
12.15
14.72
12.83

507.89
577.12
456.92
510.06
443.56

494.91
563.27
437.53
500.81
441.25

523.32
594.36
472.59
529.98
454.40

513.65
579.88
462.92
529.92
447.77

Services, nee

89

13.69

13.22

14.19 14.23

507.90

489.14

526.45

503.74

1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Feb.
1991P

5

Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the nonsupervisory
count for all series in this division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from
March 1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1989 forward are subject to
revision.

101

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$15.66

$15.33

$16.14

$16.21

$14.82

$14.53

$15.23

$15.20

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

16.32

16.04

16.60

15.26

14.99

15.61

= preliminary.

102




16.67

15.57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

$10.38

$10.16

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.86
8.72
8.27
10.54
12.19
10.37
11.24
9.93
13.45

10.60

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

9.71
9.12
15.99
7.67
6.45
11.66
10.83
12.88
15.20
9.38
6.75

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
.
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987




10.95
8.35

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

$10.58

$10.63

$10.64

11.08
8.76
8.43

11.15
8.82
8.43

11.15

10.39
11.91
10.16
11.03
9.76
12.99
10.73
8.32

10.71

12.39

10.77
12.51

10.58

10.61

11.50
10.12
13.79
11.17

11.53
10.22

9.56
9.06
15.04
7.56
6.27

9.89
15.56
6.51

15.52
7.86
6.52

11.50

11.87

11.88

10.72

10.99
13.08
15.47
9.57
6.90

11.01
13.17
15.69

8.64
8.19

12.68

14.90
9.26
6.65

8.51

9.31
7.80

13.87
11.28
8.58

9.94
9.32

$9.96

9.69
6.95

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently
projected from March 1989 benchmark levels. When more recent
benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1989
forward are subject to revision.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$10.03
7.54

$9.87
7.60

$10.20
7.48

$10.24
7.47

$10.24

$346.04 $336.57 $353.94 $346.11 $347.14
259.98 259.10 259.49 252.64

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.65
10.26

13.46
10.36

13.84
10.15

14.17
10.34

$14.12

600.60
451.24

586.86
451.78

628.34
460.66

627.73
458.20

$629.75

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.73
10.32

13.59
10.46

13.87
10.17

13.96
10.19

$13.86

524.49
394.06

510.98
393.36

531.22
389.46

502.56
366.83

$512.82

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

10.84
8.14

10.60
8.16

11.06
8.11

11.06
8.07

$11.04

442.27
332.28

430.36
331.30

456.78
334.88

444.61
324.53

$439.39

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.95
9.73

12.79
9.85

13.13
9.63

13.19
9.63

$13.16

503.76
378.48

483.46
372.18

512.07
375.42

503.86
367.78

$502.71

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

10.80
8.11

10.61
8.17

11.05
8.10

11.06
8.07

$11.09

411.48
309.15

401.06
308.75

424.32
311.09

416.96
304.35

$419.20

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

6.78
5.09

6.73
5.18

6.86
5.03

6.93
5.06

$6.91

195.26
146.70

189.11
145.58

201.00
147.36

191.96
140.12

$194.17

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

9.99
7.51

9.80
7.54

10.25
7.51

10.27
7.50

$10.32

357.64
268.70

348.88
268.58

371.05
272.03

366.64
267.62

$369.46

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

9.86
7.41

9.72
7.48

10.14
7.43

10.16
7.42

$10.18

321.44
241.50

314.93
242.44

331.58
243.09

327.15
238.80

$329.83

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and

104



Avg.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Feb.
1991P

Clerical Workers (CPl-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March
1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1989 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1991

1990
Industry
Feb.

Total private
Mining

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

p

Feb. p

34.6

34.6

34.5

34.5

34.7

34.5

34.5

34.7

34.2

34.4

34.6

34.1

34.3

43.7

43.5

43.4

43.6

44.4

43.7

43.9

44.7

44.0

44.8

44.7

44.3

45.1

40.8
3.6
41.3
3.6
40.1
39.3
42.2
42.5
42.9
41.4
42.1
41.1
41.6
41.5
41.0
39.5

40.8
3.7
41.4
3.8
40.4
39.2
42.0
42.7
43.0
41.5
42.0
41.0
42.0
42.3
41.1
39.4

40.7
3.5
41.2
3.5
40.2
39.0
42.0
41.8
42.9
41.2
41.8
40.9
41.9
41.8
41.2
39.2

40.9
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.2
42.1
43.0
43.5
41.7
42.1
40.9
42.5
43.4
41.1
39.4

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.3
39.3
42.3
43.0
43.3
41.6
42.0
41.0
42.6
43.7
41.2
39.4

40.9
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.2
39.6
41.7
43.1
44.1
41.7
42.0
40.7
42.8
43.6
41.2
39.5

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.4
42.3
42.9
43.5
41.6
42.1
40.6
42.6
43.7
41.3
39.9

41.0
3.7
41.7
3.8
40.7
39.1
42.2
43.0
43.9
41.6
42.1
41.1
42.8
43.5
41.3
39.9

40.7
3.6
41.3
3.6
39.8
38.6
41.2
42.9
43.8
41.2
42.1
40.7
42.5
42.9
41.0
39.8

40.5
3.5
40.9
3.5
39.5
38.5
41.8
42.6
43.9
40.8
41.8
40.7
41.1
40.3
41.0
39.6

40.7
3.6
41.2
3.6
39.9
38.8
42.0
42.3
43.4
41.1
42.1
40.8
41.5
41.3
41.2
39.2

40.4
3.4
40.8
3.3
39.4
38.5
41.0
42.1
42.8
40.7
41.7
40.2
41.5
41.5
41.0
39.1

40.2
3.3
40.6
3.2
39.2
37.5
41.6
41.8
42.3
40.6
41.5
40.1
41.0
40.6
41.1
39.2

40.0
3.5
40.6
2
()
40.2
36.6
43.1
37.9
42.4
(2)
41.2

40.0
3.6
40.7

40.1
3.6
40.5

(2)
40.4
36.7
43.5
38.0
42.6
(2)
41.6

(2)
40.2
36.6
43.5
38.0
42.4
(2)
41.5

40.2
3.7
41.0
(2)
40.0
36.6
43.5

40.2
3.6
41.2
(2)
40.0
36.6
43.2
(2)
41.4

39.8
3.4
40.6
2
()
39.4
36.3
42.9
37.6
42.4
(2)
40.9

39.7
3.4
40.3
(2)
39.1
36.5

38.0
42.7

37.7

37.5

37.5

37.4

37.7

37.5

37.2

39.9
3.6
40.8
2
()
39.3
36.3
43.4
37.8
42.6
(2)
40.9
36.8

40.0
3.6
40.9
2
()
39.4
36.6
43.5

38.2
42.3
(2)
41.3

40.0
3.6
40.6
(2)
39.9
36.4
43.5
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.1

37.7

40.1
3.6
40.8
2
()
40.2
36.6
43.3
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.4
37.4

40.3
3.6
40.9

(2)
40.0
36.3
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.4

40.0
3.4
40.6
2
()
40.0
36.4
43.3
37.8
42.6
(2)
40.9

36.9

36.9

39.2

39.0

38.9

38.7

38.9

38.7

38.5

38.1

38.1

38.1

38.0

38.3

37.9

38.0

29.0

28.9

28.7

28.7

28.9

28.4

28.8

28.4

28.7

32.6

32.6

32.5

32.8

32.3

32.3

32.6

Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities

39.1

38.7

39.0

39.0

Wholesale trade

38.0

38.0

38.1

38.1

Retail trade

29.0

28.9

29.0

29.0

32.6

32.5

32.6

39.1
38.2

38.4
37.9

37.8
42.8

0
41.0
37.4

42.8
37.5
42.4
(2)
40.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

32.5

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




32.5

32.8

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March
1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1986 forward are subject to
revision.

105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)

1990

1991

Industry
Jan. p

Feb. p

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

124.4

124.4

124.2

124.6

125.3

124.8

124.6

125.3

123.1

123.4

124.0

121.9

122.3

111.5

110.1

111.2

111.7

110.5

110.5

110.3

108.0

107.0

107.0

104.0

104.1

64.9

65.2

65.9

68.0

66.9

66.1

67.3

66.6

67.9

68.1

67.0

68.4

144.6

138.6

142.1

144.3

138.4

139.8

139.7

132.1

135.4

135.0

123.5

129.4

107.6

107.5

107.0

107.5

107.6

107.4

107.1

106.8

105.6

103.5

103.5

102.2

101.0

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

107.2
131.5
127.0
113.3
92.6
80.3
107.4
99.4
110.3
119.8
125.5
88.2
105.6

107.3
132.5
126.6
111.7
92.7
79.3
107.7
98.8
110.2
121.1
128.3
88.4
104.6

106.5
131.7
125.4
110.7
90.9
79.1
107.2
98.2
109.7
120.2
123.4
88.4
102.9

107.3
131.9
125.7
110.5
93.5

107.1
130.5
126.0
110.5
93.5
80.4
107.8
98.4
109.6
123.3
133.7
87.2
102.7

107.1
129.7
125.8
108.2
94.3

106.5
129.7
125.7
109.5
93.0
80.8
108.1
98.1
107.2
122.2
131.2
86.5
104.8

105.9
130.5
123.9
108.7
92.9

104.6
126.1
121.4
105.9
92.7
81.8
105.9
96.8
106.1
120.0
127.2
84.8
103.8

101.8
122.9
118.0
106.2
90.9
81.6
103.5
95.4
104.9
110.0
109.3
84.3
102.1

101.9
123.3
117.7
106.2
89.5
80.2
103.8
95.5
104.6
112.0
114.8

100.4
120.3
116.5
101.4

98.6
117.4
111.4
102.6
86.7
75.6
100.0
93.0
101.4
107.1
108.4
84.5
100.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

108.0
108.3

107.6
108.7
64.7
101.2

107.9
109.2
65.8
100.9
92.9
110.4
128.1
104.6

107.7
107.9
66.6
100.6
92.4
111.6
1^9.0
104.3
88.3
127.2

99.4
92.3
110.8
128.3
104.1
89.9
126.7

106.0
109.1
66.8
96.2
89.7

111.4

110.2
126.7

105.8
109.9
69.0
95.3
89.8
110.3
126.2
103.9
86.4

104.8
109.3
67.5
94.8

92.4
111.8
129.6
103.2
88.0
126.8

106.9
108.9
66.0
97.6
91.3

88.0
126.0

108.2
108.7
64.3
101.2
93.0
111.4
128.6
104.4
93.0
127.3

108.0
109.7

67.6
102.2
94.4
110.3
128.1
104.4
88.4
125.0

107.8
108.5
68.1
101.2
92.7
110.4
128.4
104.3
89.2
125.6

121.4

120.4

104.5
109.5
65.1
93.1
88.8
108.9
124.4
102.5
89.6
118.3

63.1

63.1

62.2

61.5

61.1

59.8

59.6

58.8

57.1

55.4

55.7

55.0

53.9

129.9

130.2

130.5

130.6

131.4

131.2

130.9

132.0

129.9

130.8

131.7

129.9

130.5

114.2

115.3

115.2

116.0

116.7

115.8

115.2

116.4

114.4

115.4

116.4

115.8

114.6

119.1

119.4

119.3

118.9

119.8

119.5

119.5

119.6

118.4

118.4

119.1

117.3

116.9

124.4

124.9

125.0

125.1

125.3

125.1

124.1

124.9

122.5

123.3

123.3

121.5

122.2

122.2

122.3

122.6

122.5

122.9

123.1

122.9

124.1

121.2

122.0

123.6

121.5

121.6

143.8

143.9

144.4

144.6

145.8

145.9

146.0

147.7

145.7

146.9

148.2

146.3

147.7

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

112.1
64.9
147.7

92.9
110.8
127.6
104.6
88.0
124.6

81.2
108.3

98.9
109.5
121.8
131.2
87.7
104.2

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

106



82.3
108.5

98.5
108.3
124.1
133.2
86.8
104.5

68.8
100.1

81.6
107.4

96.8
107.6
121.3
129.1
86.0
104.8
107.9
110.4
68.5

127.8
103.9
86.8
125.2

103.5
92.0
122.2

84.7
100.7

89.2
78.4
102.5
94.3
102.0
111.1
113.8
84.3
100.8

88.2
109.2

125.3
101.8
85.6

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March
1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1986 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1990

1991

Industry
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

p

Feb.p

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
.
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)3

$9.88

$9.93

$9.96

$9.98 $10.03 $10.07 $10.09 $10.13 $10.12 $10.14 $10.19 $10.20 $10.20

13.33
13.63
10.67
10.22
12.83
10.62
6.69
9.77
9.67

13.51
13.66
10.73
10.28
12.87
10.67
6.73
9.82
9.72

13.59
13.62
10.75
10.34
12.96
10.74
6.74
9.88
9.79

13.58
13.71
10.81
10.35
12.88
10.74
6.76
9.87
9.80

13.73
13.73
10.86
10.38
12.92
10.80
6.78
9.98
9.85

13.79
13.76
10.89
10.40
13.02
10.84
6.79
10.08
9.92

13.73
13.78
10.90
10.40
13.00
10.84
6.82
10.06
9.93

13.83
13.82
10.93
10.44
13.02
10.94
6.83
10.17
9.98

13.79
13.82
10.97
10.50
13.03
10.89
6.84
10.11
9.96

13.84
13.79
10.97
10.50
13.02
10.93
6.87
10.12
9.99

13.77
13.79
11.00
10.58
13.10
11.03
6.85
10.27
10.07

14.04
13.92
11.04
10.63
13.18
11.02
6.88
10.19
10.06

7.56

7.57

7.58

7.58

7.58

7.58

7.53

7.50

7.45

7.44

7.45

7.43

13.98
13.90
11.03
10.62
13.12
11.06
6.88
10.21
10.10
(4)

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1982) dollars3

341.85 343.58 343.62 344.31 348.04 347.42 348.11 351.51 346.10 348.82 352.57 347.82 349.86
261.55 261.88 261.51 261.44 262.87 261.61 259.78 260.19 254.67 255.92 257.92 253.51
0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
4
Not available.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates reflect the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system and are currently projected from March
1989 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1986 forward are subject to
revision. The CPI-W has been revised to reflect the experience through
December 1990. Constant-dollar earnings series have been revised from
January 1986 through December 1990.

107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1991*

Average hourly earnings

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.1
41.1
41.7

41.3
41.7
43.0

40.6
38.9
41.8

$9.24
9.57
11.37

$9.58
9.92
11.51

Alaska

41.4

37.1

41.7

12.10

13.13

Arizona

41.1

40.7

40.3

9.99

10.49

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.1
39.0
40.7
41.3
42.2

41.6
39.9
40.1
41.1
43.1

40.9
38.9
39.1
41.1
42.8

8.36
7.52
8.70
9.13
10.37

8.66
7.78
8.77
9.10
10.44

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

40.2
40.8
39.8
38.9
40.5
38.9
42.0
40.3
40.1
39.9
40.2
39.5
39.8
40.4
36.8
41.9
39.0

41.4
42.0
40.2
42.4
41.7
40.0
41.6
42.8
40.9
38.6
41.3
39.6
41.2
41.8
40.1
41.4
40.1

40.1
40.4
40.1
39.4
40.9
38.2
40.0
40.6
39.0
37.8
39.6
39.3
40.2
41.7
37.6
40.4
38.7

11.26
11.21
12.35
9.22
10.71
10.67
13.23
10.76
10.09
11.59
11.36
13.00
13.55
11.71
11.02
11.19
13.29

Colorado
Denver

39.9
38.9

42.0
41.0

40.5
40.5

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

42.4
43.2
43.0
42.6
41.2
41.5
42.2

42.3
42.7
42.6
42.7
41.1
41.5
42.6

Delaware
Wilmington

41.2
42.3

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

Jan.
1991P
$9.67
9.83

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

$379.76
393.33
474.13

$395.65
413.66
494.93

$392.60
382.39
484.88

11.60
500.94

487.12

489.14

410.59

426.94

420.33

10.43
8.73
7.64
8.91
9.20
10.54

343.60
293.28
354.09
377.07
437.61

360.26
310.42
351.68
374.01
449.96

357.06
297.20
348.38
378.12
451.11

11.77
11.94
12.30
9.98
11.16
11.07
13.62
11.06
10.60
12.22
11.96
13.24
13.97
12.07
11.41
11.42
13.72

11.71
12.02
12.25
10.20
11.07
10.97
13.79
11.02
10.44
12.29
11.79
13.19
13.94
12.09
11.52
11.41
13.78

452.65
457.37
491.53
358.66
433.76
415.06
555.66
433.63
404.61
462.44
456.67
513.50
539.29
473.08
405.54
468.86
518.31

487.28
501.48
494.46
423.15
465.37
442.80
566.59
473.37
433.54
471.69
493.95
524.30
575.56
504.53
457.54
472.79
550.17

469.57
485.61
491.23
401.88
452.76
419.05
551.60
447.41
407.16
464.56
466.88
518.37
560.39
504.15
433.15
460.96
533.29

10.46
11.76

11.16
12.52

11.27
12.52

417.35
457.46

468.72
513.32

456.44
507.06

41.4
41.7
41.4
41.0
40.5
40.2
41.1

11.38
11.92
12.21
12.08
10.82
11.43
10.23

11.80
12.35
12.71
12.74
11.13
12.18
11.05

11.79
12.18
12.55
12.36
11.21
12.18
10.87

482.51
514.94
525.03
514.61
445.78
474.35
431.71

499.14
527.35
541.45
544.00
457.44
505.47
470.73

488.11
507.91
519.57
506.76
454.01
489.64
446.76

41.5
43.1

40.1
40.4

12.18
14.79

11.50
13.75

12.14
14.51

501.82
625.62

477.25
592.63

486.81
586.20

38.8

38.9

37.1

12.16

12.87

12.99

471.81

500.64

481.93

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

41.2
40.8
40.6
39.9
41.0
42.9
41.0
42.9

41.7
41.9
42.6
40.8
41.6
45.5
41.5
44.1

40.5
39.8
41.9
39.4
41.6
43.8
40.3
43.6

8.82
8.86
9.36
7.48
10.07
11.24
9.13
9.71

9.16
9.44
9.65
7.63
10.30
11.66
9.22
10.02

9.14
9.37
9.57
7.64
10.30
11.79
9.28
9.98

363.38
361.49
380.02
298.45
412.87
482.20
374.33
416.56

381.97
395.54
411.09
311.30
428.48
530.53
382.63
441.88

370.17
372.93
400.98
301.02
428.48
516.40
373.98
435.13

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.1
42.2
43.9

41.8
42.1
48.6

40.6
40.8
44.2

9.00
10.48
11.40

9.38
10.87
11.70

9.36
10.98
11.70

369.90
442.26
500.46

392.08
457.63
568.62

380.02
447.98
517.14

Hawaii
Honolulu

38.7
38.5

41.8
41.2

38.7
39.2

10.87
11.08

11.44
11.96

11.16
11.67

420.67
426.58

478.19
492.75

431.89
457.46

Idaho

37.9

38.2

38.7

10.50

10.98

11.21

397.95

419.44

433.83

11.73

,

See footnotes at end of table.

108




..

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

41.5
40.4
41.1
40.1
41.5
42.0
44.8
42.2
42.0
40.1
42.5
41.3
37.8

41.4
41.3
43.7
40.9
41.3
40.3
42.3
41.1
41.2
40.6
42.6
40.8
39.9

40.9
40.0
42.6
41.4
40.3
40.7
44.0
41.3
41.7
40.7
42.8
40.6
39.0

Indiana

40.8

41.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

40.4
39.8
41.2
40.0
38.6

41.0
41.3
42.6
42.1
41.5

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

39.9
41.6
40.6

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991p

$11.28
10.67
12.11
10.01
11.05
13.34
14.53
13.06
11.73
11.65
13.76
12.18
9.88

$11.57
11.52
13.92
10.00
11.27
13.49
14.87
13.12
12.04
11.60
14.16
12.57
10.84

40.9

11.78

40.6
41.8
42.4
41.9
41.8

11.06
12.69
12.01
11.54
8.48

40.8
37.8
41.0

39.8
38.9
39.9

40.0
41.0
40.9

40.6
41.9
43.2

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

43.3
45.4
42.7
41.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Average weekly earnings
Jan.

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

$11.58
11.45
13.93
10.13
11.26
13.59
14.97
13.21
12.05
11.61
14.28
12.53
11.09

$468.12
431.07
497.72
401.40
458.58
560.28
650.94
551.13
492.66
467.17
584.80
503.03
373.46

$479.00
475.78
608.30
409.00
465.45
543.65
629.00
539.23
496.05
470.96
603.22
512.86
432.52

$473.62
458.00
593.42
419.38
453.78
553.11
658.68
545.57
502.49
472.53
611.18
508.72
432.51

12.16

12.30

480.62

508.29

503.07

11.67
14.22
12.51
12.44
9.19

11.65
13.53
12.25
12.30
9.20

446.82
505.06
494.81
461.60
327.33

478.47
587.29
532.93
523.72
381.39

472.99
565.55
519.40
515.37
384.56

10.76
11.81
12.01

11.04
12.19
12.46

10.99
12.45
12.46

429.32
491.30
487.61

450.43
460.78
510.86

437.40
484.31
497.15

40.1
41.7
42.3

10.39
10.76
11.78

10.92
11.31
12.43

10.75
11.42
12.26

415.60
441.16
481.80

443.35
473.89
536.98

431.08
476.21
518.60

43.3
46.3
42.7
42.4

43.3
43.6
42.8
42.6

11.46
13.95
10.98
11.02

11.74
13.42
10.96
13.41

11.78
13.92
11.01
12.94

496.22
633.33
468.85
452.92

508.34
621.35
467.99
568.58

510.07
606.91
471.23
551.24

40.4
38.6
38.8

41.0
38.3
39.8

39.7
37.6
37.1

10.36
8.98
10.53

10.76
9.48
10.44

10.94
9.46
10.66

418.54
346.63
408.56

441.16
363.08
415.51

434.32
355.70
395.49

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

40.5
40.9

41.4
41.9

40.2
40.5

11.25
11.67

11.60
12.03

11.74
12.20

455.63
477.30

480.24
504.06

471.95
494.10

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.6
40.5
41.6
41.3

41.1
41.4
42.1
42.9

40.8
39.9
41.4
42.5

11.11
11.77
10.52
10.96

11.64
12.46
10.91
11.28

11.60
12.26
10.82
11.14

451.07
476.69
437.63
452.65

478.40
515.84
459.31
483.91

473.28
489.17
447.95
473.45

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

40.5
42.6
41.9
40.8
40.0
40.8
40.3
42.4
32.1
41.5
42.9

41.7
42.7
42.3
42.5
40.0
41.6
41.3
43.8
40.3
41.4
40.6

41.1
42.3
42.8
41.8
40.3
40.6
40.0
42.6
39.8
40.9
40.1

13.22
14.08
14.41
14.38
17.14
11.67
10.56
13.04
14.19
12.50
14.31

14.25
15.75
14.77
15.33
18.35
11.99
10.91
14.32
16.07
12.85
16.27

14.18
15.84
15.43
15.17
18.51
11.81
10.55
14.47
16.48
12.85
16.67

535.41
599.81
603.78
586.70
685.60
476.14
425.57
552.90
455.50
518.75
613.90

594.22
672.52
624.77
651.52
734.00
498.78
450.58
627.22
647.62
531.99
660.56

582.80
670.03
660.40
634.11
745.95
479.49
422.00
616.42
655.90
525.56
668.47

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.2
38.9
40.4
41.5

40.9
39.6
41.1
39.7

40.2
41.1
40.5
38.4

11.17
12.19
11.66
9.93

11.41
11.70
12.07
10.19

11.42
11.78
12.07
10.23

449.03
474.19
471.06
412.10

466.67
463.32
496.08
404.54

459.08
484.16
488.84
392.83

Mississippi
Jackson

39.4
40.3

39.5
40.2

38.8
39.5

8.21
9.14

8.51
9.51

8.49
9.61

323.47
368.34

336.15
382.30

329.41
379.60

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Missouri
Kansas City.
St. Louis
Springfield ...

40.6
41.0
42.3
40.5

41.3
42.1
43.2
41.5

Montana ...

38.8

Nebraska..
Lincoln ....
Omaha....
Nevada
Las Vegas.

Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

39.5
40.8
41.4
38.7

$10.60
11.27
12.62
9.08

$10.87
11.60
13.16
9.48

$10.60
11.09

40.1

38.6

11.28

40.4
39.9
41.1

41.4
39.3
42.8

40.8
38.8
41.2

41.1
42.9

42.4
43.1

41.1
41.7
40.1
41.1

New Jersey .
New Mexico ..
Albuquerque..

Manchester
Nashua
,
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

Jan.
199P

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

12.82
9.37

$430.36
462.07
533.83
367.74

$448.93
488.36
568.51
393.42

$418.70
452.47
530.75
362.62

11.48

11.46

437.66

460.35

442.36

9.50
10.78
10.20

9.83
10.88
10.83

9.73
11.01
10.62

383.80
430.12
419.22

406.96
427.58
463.52

396.98
427.19
437.54

40.3
40.4

11.09
13.37

11.21
13.07

10.98
12.44

455.80
573.57

475.30
563.32

442.49
502.58

42.5
47.2
42.4
42.0

40.6
40.6
39.6
42.9

10.77
10.89
13.39
10.11

10.95
10.82
13.65
10.43

10.86
10.80
13.63
10.07

442.65
454.11
536.94
415.52

465.38
510.70
578.76
438.06

440.92
438.48
539.75
432.00

41.2

42.2

40.6

11.72

12.08

11.99

482.86

509.78

486.79

39.2
38.3

41.9
40.0

40.7
38.6

9.05
9.06

9.30
9.58

9.33
9.52

354.76
347.00

389.67
383.20

379.73
367.47

39.7
39.9

40.3
41.8

39.5

10.81
11.62

40.9
42.5

11.27
12.12
10.11
13.27
10.11

11.34
11.82

40.8

429.16
463.64
393.31
507.99
381.92
(1)

454.18
506.62
413.50
563.98
423.61
(1)
490.42
392.46
388.13
574.91
399.15
441.29
545.67
401.99
512.53
436.71
433.56

447.93
471.62
401.49
534.38
418.61
(1)
474.79
385.03
381.79
593.98
382.59
436.00
555.50
384.46
502.25
420.95
411.38

41.9

39.9
39.4
40.3
41.0

(1)

0)

39.8
37.1
36.5
41.0
40.2
40.2
42.0
39.1
40.7

0)

0)

40.8
37.7
37.5

39.5
36.6
36.5

41.6
40.4
40.3
42.3
41.7

41.8

39.6
36.6

11.90
10.28
10.05
13.01
9.30
10.99
12.47
8.76
11.95
10.24
12.47

12.02
10.41
, 10.35
13.82
9.88
10.95
12.90
9.64
12.35
10.73
11.32

10.46
14.21
9.81
11.01
13.04
9.96
12.31
10.63
11.24

473.62
381.39
366.83
533.41
373.86
441.80
523.74
342.52
486.37
417.79
510.02

41.0
40.5

39.0
39.6
42.6
38.6
40.8

9.64
12.39
9.43

O

10.19
13.26
10.21
(1)

12.02

10.52

40.9

41.5
40.7
38.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

40.0
40.7
40.0
38.9
41.9

40.1
42.3
39.8
39.6
42.9

39.5
41.5
39.7
39.2
41.6

8.63
8.63
9.22
9.39
9.73

8.98
9.03
9.58
9.77
10.19

9.03
8.99
9.61
9.73
10.27

345.20
351.24
368.80
365.27
407.69

360.10
381.97
381.28
386.89
437.15

356.69
373.09
381.52
381.42
427.23

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead.

39.6
39.1

40.2
38.0

41.7
38.8

8.82
8.68

8.74
8.77

9.09
8.65

349.27
339.39

351.35
333.26

379.05
335.62

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield

42.0
42.9
42.3
42.8
42.3
42.1
41.4
42.1
42.2

42.3
42.9
41.7
43.1
42.4
43.0
41.5
42.8
41.8

41.9
42.2
41.7
42.7
41.8
41.7
41.5
42.6
42.0

12.19
11.60
11.24
11.73
11.71
12.27
12.93
12.42
13.74

12.84
12.02
11.35
12.35
12.17
12.77
13.60
13.40
15.34

12.84
11.87
11.33
12.30
12.20
12.67
13.70
13.31
15.37

511.98
497.64
475.45
502.04
495.33
516.57
535.30
522.88
579.83

543.13
515.66
473.30
532.29
516.01
549.11
564.40
573.52
641.21

538.00
500.91
472.46
525.21
509.96
528.34
568.55
567.01
645.54

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City...
Tulsa

42.2
43.7
41.2

41.8
43.3
43.6

41.4
41.8
41.9

10.30
10.79
11.22

10.77
11.58
11.69

10.74
11.82
11.65

434.66
471.52
462.26

450.19
501.41
509.68

444.64
494.08
488.14

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

38.6
40.2
38.9
36.5

40.0
36.5
40.2
38.1

38.4
37.1
39.3
36.2

11.09
10.79
11.24
10.11

11.34
11.10
11.59

11.47
10.83
11.73
10.17

428.07
433.76
437.24
369.02

453.60
405.15
465.92
377.19

440.45
401.79
460.99
368.15

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.

See footnotes at end of table.

110




40.8

9.90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

40.6
39.7
38.5
43.4
44.0
40.8
38.0
40.1
40.2
41.8
41.2
38.7
42.4
40.0
40.7
41.6

40.9
39.9
39.0
44.4
43.2
40.6
37.8
40.0
41.8
41.2
40.7
39.4
42.9
37.9
39.9
42.2

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

39.5
38.9
39.2

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

Average hourly earnings

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

1991?

39.8
38.3
39.2
43.3
43.3
38.6
38.2
37.9
39.8
41.2
40.1
38.3
43.5
37.7
39.4
39.7

$10.88
10.86
9.43
10.79
11.34
11.11
8.50
10.76
11.84
11.22
11.34
9.53
11.99
9.53
9.56
10.41

$11.27
11.38
9.63
11.35
11.76
11.30
8.76
11.17
12.25
11.42
11.66
9.89
12.15
9.86
10.58
10.99

40.2
39.6
40.0

39.1
38.5
38.6

9.29
8.61
8.81

41.2
41.2
41.7
40.9

41.2
«H.O
41.2
41.4

40.9
40.6
41.3
41.0

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

40.8
42.3

41.0
44.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

38.9
40.1
40.2
37.6
40.2
41.0

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

1991P

$11.26
11.34
9.54
11.44
11.73
11.25
8.81
11.19
12.24
11.41
11.71
9.89
12.24
9.80
10.49
10.95

$441.73
431.14
363.06
468.29
498.96
453.29
323.00
431.48
475.97
469.00
467.21
368.81
508.38
381.20
389.09
433.06

$460.94
454.06
375.57
503.94
508.03
458.78
331.13
446.80
512.05
470.50
474.56
389.67
521.24
373.69
422.14
463.78

$448.15
434.32
373.97
495.35
507.91
434.25
336.54
424.10
487.15
470.09
469.57
378.79
532.44
369.46
413.31
434.72

9.69
9.07
9.75

9.74
9.03
9.88

366.96
334.93
345.35

389.54
359.17
390.00

380.83
347.66
381.37

8.71
9.09
8.91
8.67

9.01
9.18
9.10
8.97

9.03
9.24
9.19
8.99

358.85
374.51
371.55
354.60

371.21
376.38
374.92
371.36

369.33
375.14
379.55
368.59

39.8
43.4

8.41
8.54

8.70
9.00

8.69
9.11

343.13
361.24

356.70
396.90

345.86
395.37

39.5
42.1
41.1
37.8
41.0
41.2

39.0
41.3
40.1
38.3
39.9
41.2

9.28
8.33
9.05
9.25
9.53
10.65

9.73

11.30

9.76
8.94
10.61
9.71
10.21
11.20

360.99
334.03
363.81
347.80
383.11
436.65

384.34
377.64
425.80
376.11
410.82
465.56

380.64
369.22
425.46
371.89
407.38
461.44

41.7
42.0
41.4
44.1
41.2

42.5
43.0
41.4
45.8
40.9

41.9
41.8
41.9
45.3
39.6

10.37
10.24
11.21
11.89
7.51

10.61
10.48
11.40
12.30
8.02

10.63
10.50
11.52
12.25
7.92

432.43
430.08
464.09
524.35
309.41

450.93
450.64
471.96
563.34
328.02

445.40
438.90
482.69
554.93
313.63

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.7
39.7

40.4
41.3

39.9
40.2

10.23
10.15

10.70
10.73

10.07
10.98

406.13
402.96

432.28
443.15

401.79
441.40

Vermont
Burlington

40.7
41.0

42.5
40.6

41.3
39.4

10.36
10.96

10.73
11.29

10.78
11.31

421.65
449.36

456.03
458.37

445.21
445.61

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.7
41.1
43.7
42.0
41.1
40.5
42.7
42.3

40.9
42.7
43.4
41.8
40.2
38.8
43.6
41.5

39.7
41.2
39.0
40.6
39.4
37.6
42.5
40.7

9.86
8.18
8.58
9.61
9.75
11.06
12.72
11.89

10.30
8.96
8.98
9.94
9.80
11.49
13.48
11.92

10.28
8.90
9.02
10.00
10.05
11.51
13.57
12.32

401.30
336.20
374.95
403.62
400.73
447.93
543.14
502.95

421.27
382.59
389.73
415.49
393.96
445.81
587.73
494.68

408.12
366.68
351.78
406.00
395.97
432.78
576.73
501.42

Washington

40.5

40.1

39.3

12.53

13.08

13.27

507.47

524.51

521.51

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.6
44.2
40.7
42.1
41.4

42.0
44.9
39.8
42.8
41.9

40.7
42.1
40.3
42.0
39.4

11.34
13.38
13.09
13.05
13.27

11.73
12.90
13.35
13.68
13.62

11.63
13.47
13.15
13.63
13.05

460.40
591.40
532.76
549.41
549.38

492.66
579.21
531.33
585.50
570.68

473.34
567.09
529.95
572.46
514.17

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon

State College
Williamsport
York

Jan.
1991P

8.97
10.36

9.95
10.02

Jan.

Jan.

See footnotes at end of table.




111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*1

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit....
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.0
42.4
43.2
40.8
42.0
35.8
39.1
40.0
42.0
39.9
43.8
42.3

42.4
44.4
46.8
43.9
41.1
41.8
42.9
41.5
42.0
41.2
43.6
43.0

Wyoming

39.8

40.3

Puerto Rico

38.9

39.6

37.5

5.90

6.25

Virgin Islands

40.4

42.4

41.0

11.77

12.16

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

112




Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

$11.28
12.24
11.82
12.40
12.73
11.68
9.91
10.69
12.07
11.43
10.98
11.17

$448.54
507.10
478.66
482.66
487.62
394.52
381.62
405.60
496.86
443.69
473.92
453.46

$488.02
543.01
555.52
544.36
570.47
510.80
428.14
459.82
506.94
490.28
483.96
485.04

$462.48
527.54
540.17
545.60
565.21
432.16
411.27
426.53
494.87
445.77
461.16
484.78

10.53

421.88

425.97

398.03

6.19

229.51

247.50

232.13

12.88

475.51

515.58

528.08

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

41.0
43.1
45.7
44.0
44.4
37.0
41.5
39.9
41.0
39.0
42.0
43.4

$10.94
11.96
11.08
11.83
11.61
11.02
9.76
10.14
11.83
11.12
10.82
10.72

$11.51
12.23
11.87
12.40
13.88
12.22
9.98
11.08
12.07
11.90
11.10
11.28

37.8

10.60

10.57

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March
benchmarks.

1990

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Dec.
1990r

Jan.
1991 r

Feb.
1991 P

Feb. 1990
to
Feb. 1991 P

Dec. 1990
to
Jan. 1991 r

Jan. 1991
to
Feb. 1991 P
0.3

204,240

201,574

202,198

-0.8

-1.3

167,439

164,755

165,404

-1.3

-1.6

1,720
10,075
39,620
23,187
16,433
11,898
12,609
29,458
12,855
49,203

1,698
9,289
39,248
22,915
16,333
11,841
12,410
29,074
12,661
48,535

1,733
9,700
38,877
22,593
16,284
11,708
12,397
29,278
12,677
49,034

4.9
-10.2
-4.8
-6.6
-2.2
.2
-1.3
-1.4
.2
2.8

-1.3
-7.8
-.9
-1.2
-.6
-.5
-1.6
-1.3
-1.5
-1.4

2.1
4.4
-.9
-1.4
-.3
-1.1
-.1
.7
.1
1.0

36,802

36,819

36,794

1.6

.0

-.1

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
' = revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

113

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
Annual average

Quarterly index

Item
1989

1988

1990r

1989

1990

IV

IV

II

III

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1 ..
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

112.6
135.8
120.5
132.9
103.4
117.9
133.1
122.8

111.9
136.1
121.6
137.7
101.7
123.0
136.9
127.5

112.9
132.6
117.5
127.9
104.9
113.3
126.4
117.5

113.6
133.8
117.8
129.7
105.1
114.2
128.8
118.9

113.1
134.5
118.8
130.8
104.8
115.6
130.2
120.3

113.0
135.6
120.0
131.8
104.4
116.7
130.9
121.2

113.0
135.9
120.2
132.7
103.5
117.4
133.3
122.5

112.6
136.1
120.9
133.1
103.0
118.2
133.9
123.3

111.9
135.5
121.0
133.8
102.5
119.5
134.5
124.3

111.7
136.0
121.7
135.3
101.8
121.1
135.5
125.8

111.9
136.4
121.9
137.0
102.2
122.5
137.0
127.2

112.1
136.5
121.8
138.6
101.7
123.6
137.8
128.2

112.1
135.7
121.1
139.8
100.8
124.8
137.3
128.8

111.7
136.7
122.3
131.9
102.7
118.1
133.8
123.0

110.8
137.0
123.6
136.5
100.8
123.2
137.4
127.7

112.0
133.4
119.1
127.1
104.3
113.5
127.2
117.8

112.8
134.8
119.5
128.8
104.3
114.2
128.8
118.8

112.9
136.0
120.5
130.0
104.2
115.2
132.1
120.5

112.1
136.4
121.7
131.0
103.8
116.9
131.0
121.4

112.0
136.8
122.2
131.6
102.7
117.5
134.0
122.7

111.7
137.1
122.7
132.1
102.3
118.3
134.8
123.5

111.0
136.3
122.8
132.9
101.9
119.7
135.4
124.7

110.7
136.8
123.7
134.2
101.0
121.3
135.7
125.8

110.7
137.2
123.9
135.8
101.3
122.7
137.5
127.3

110.9
137.4
123.9
137.4
100.8
123.9
138.3
128.4

111.0
136.5
123.0
138.7
100.1
125.0
138.3
129.2

138.0
151.5
109.8
127.7
99.4
92.6

142.1
152.8

132.8
144.9
109.1
122.1
100.2
91.9

135.2
148.0
109.5
123.6
100.1
91.4

136.0
150.0
110.3
125.0
100.2
91.9

137.0
151.2
110.4
126.7
100.3
92.5

138.3
152.1

137.9
151.5

138.8

140.5

141.5

151.0

151.7

153.3

143.4
154.7

110.0

109.9

108.0

127.1
99.1
91.9

128.2

108.8
128.9
98.8

108.3
131.2
97.8

142.8
151.4
106.0

151.4
167.5
110.7
126.4
98.4
83.5

156.8
168.6
107.5

149.5
167.5

152.0

152.0
166.2
109.3
127.6
97.8
84.0

153.8
166.8
108.5
128.1

83.1

110.2
120.5
98.8
83.3

152.0
167.9
110.5
127.0
98.3
83.6

119.8
130.0
108.5
129.6
100.9
108.2

122.6
131.8
107.5
134.5
99.3
109.8

111.6
136.4
122.2
129.3
100.6
114.7
115.8
111.8
157.9
117.4

110.5
136.3
123.3
133.6
98.6
120.0
120.9
117.9
145.8
121.7

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1 ..
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1 ..
Unit labor costs

107.5
131.9
97.4
92.8

99.2
92.9

92.9

129.7
97.6
92.3

92.7

107.9
132.5

97.2
92.4

134.0
96.6
93.8

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1 ..
Unit labor costs

130.4
96.3

144.6
159.4

147.3

148.8

163.4
111.0

166.6

121.7
98.6
82.6

123.4
98.9
83.0

83.8

168.6
110.9
125.7
98.1
82.7

116.9
125.7
107.5
124.6
102.2
106.6

118.7
127.4
107.4
126.3
102.3
106.4

118.6
128.0
107.9
127.4
102.1
107.4

119.8
129.5
108.1
128.5
101.8
107.3

119.6
130.1
108.7
129.1
100.7
107.9

119.0
129.7
109.0
130.0
100.6
109.2

121.1
130.9
108.1
131.1
100.5
108.3

113.6
134.6
118.5
124.4
102.1
108.2
109.6
104.6
178.1
112.6

113.4
135.4
119.4
125.9
102.0
109.7
111.1
106.0
171.4
113.5

113.0
136.3
120.6
126.9
101.7
110.9
112.3
107.3
179.1
115.2

111.9
136.2

111.6
136.4
122.2
128.8
100.5
114.1
115.4
110.6
162.9
117.1

111.8
137.1
122.7
129.3
100.1
115.0
115.7
113.3
159.3
117.8

110.5
135.9
123.0
130.0
99.6
117.0
117.6
115.2
147.2
118.9

112.0

112.0
125.3

99.2

156.2
169.8
108.7
129.5

159.1

157.8

171.6

166.0

107.9
131.0

105.2
132.6

96.4

96.6

96.1

95.6

83.3

82.9

82.3

84.0

122.6
131.6
107.4
132.2
99.6
107.9

121.8
131.4
107.9
134.0
99.9
109.9

122.5
132.1
107.9
135.1
99.1
110.3

123.1
131.8
107.1
136.6
98.5
111.0

110.1
136.0
123.5
130.9
98.5
118.1
118.9
116.2
147.6
120.0

110.6
136.9
123.8
133.0
99.2
119.1
120.2
116.2
153.9
121.3

110.3
136.6
123.9
134.4
98.6
120.9
121.9
118.6
143.1
122.3

ft
ft
ft
O
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
0

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons ..
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1 ....
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

1
Measures of real hourly compensation have been revised to reflect
the most recent information on seasonal variation in the Consumer Price
Index for All Urban Consumers.

114




2

If 1.7
1*8.3
101.6
112.7
114.6
108.0
162.3
115.9

Not available.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

r

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Same quarter, previous year

Previous quarter

Item
IV
1989

I
1990

II
1990

1990

IV
1990r

1989

IV
1989

I
1990

II
1990

III
1990

IV
1990r

-1.6
.6
2.2
1.1
-2.0
2.8
1.8
2.5

-2.3
-1.8
.4
2.2

-0.9
1.4
2.3
4.5
-2.7
5.4
3.1
4.6

0.6
1.2
.5
5.4
1.4
4.7
4.5
4.6

0.9
.5
-.4
4.6
-2.1
3.7
2.4
3.2

-0.3
-2.4
-2.2
3.6
-3.2
3.8
-1.6
1.9

-0.9
1.7
2.7
2.6
-2.0
3.5
4.0
3.7

-1.1
.8
1.9
2.3
-2.2
3.4
3.2
3.4

-1.2
.3

-1.0
.3

1.4
2.6
-2.5
3.8
3.6
3.7

1.4
3.3
-1.3
4.4
2.8
3.8

-0.4
.3
.7
4.2
-1.3
4.6
2.9
4.0

0.1
.2
.0
4.5
-1.7
4.4
2.1
3.6

-1.0
.6
1.6

-2.5
-2.1
.5
2.3
-1.6
5.0

-1.3
1.4
2.8
3.9
-3.2
5.3
1.0
3.8

.3
1.2
.9
5.0
1.0
4.7
5.2
4.8

.6
.4
-.2
4.7
-2.0
4.1
2.6

.3
-2.6
-2.8
4:0
-2.8
3.7
.1
2.4

-1.0
1.7
2.7
2.6

-1.6
.3

-1.3
.3

-1.1
.3

1.9
2.2

1.4
3.2

-2.0
3.6
4.7
3.9

-2.2
3.9
2.5
3.4

1.6
2.4
-2.6
3.7
3.6
3.7

-.7
.2
1.0
4.0

-1.3
4.4
2.6
3.8

-1.5
4.8
2.6
4.0

.0
.1
.1
4.4
-1.8
4.4
2.2
3.7

4.9

3.1
4.3
1.2
4.7
.8
1.6

5.4
3.5
-1.7
4.0
-2.7

2.0
2.4
.4
3.7
-.9
1.7

2.0
.7
-1.3

2.4
.8
-1.5
3.2

4.0
2.1
-1.8

7.5
4.3
-3.0
4.6
-2.1
-2.7

-3.2
-12.4

2.0
-.9
-2.8

1989

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

-1.8
4.6

1.7
3.5

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

1.6
-1.5
2.6
2.6
2.6

1.7
3.9

3.6

Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs

-1.0
-1.4
-.4
3.6
.4
4.6

2.5
-1.3
-3.7

-.2
-1.7

.0
-4.1
-4.1

2.4
-1.6
-.1

1.8

-2.9
2.3
-4.8
-2.5

-1.3

-1.6
-8.3
-6.8

4.7
-2.1
6.4

2.9
.2
-2.6
3.9
-2.2

1.1

2.6
.4
-2.1
2.4
-2.7
-.2

-1.3
.9

3.2
2.7
-.4
4.4
-.3
1.1

2.1
-.2
-2.3
3.4
-1.1
1.2

2.8
-.4
-3.1
2.2
-2.8
-.6

2.7
.7
-2.0
3.0
-1.5
.3

4.7
2.2
-2.4
3.1
-2.3

.3
1.8
1.5
2.9
-1.7
2.6

2.1
2.3
.2

2.3
1.7
-.7
2.9
-2.2
.5

1.9
1.1
-.8
3.7
-.8
1.9

2.9
1.9
-1.1
3.9
-1.5
1.0

-1.0
4.2
-1.9
2.5

-1.7
-.2
1.5
2.0
-3.0
4.8
3.8
7.6

-1.0
.4
1.3
3.2
-1.3
4.4
4.2
5.1
-5.5
3.6

-1.3
-.4
1.0
3.9
-1.5
5.1
5.3
4.6
-10.2
3.8

ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft

3.1
-1.4

3.3
-2.1
-.6

1.0

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs

4.8

1.1
4.5

1.8
-2.1
1.8

-3.1
1.5
-5.5
-3.1

6.6
7.3
.7
4.4
.5
-2.0

-2.1
-1.0
1.1
2.6
-.6
4.8

7.1
3.7
-3.2
3.4
-.5
-3.4

5.2
2.3
-2.7
3.6
-3.5
-1.5

-2.4
-.6
1.8
5.4
1.4
8.0

2.2
2.1
.0
3.3
-3.3

.6
2.1
1.5
1.6

-4.6
-3.6
1.1

-1.5
.2

1.9
2.8

1.8
2.8
-4.3
4.1
4.4
3.3
1.2
3.9

.9
6.6
2.6
3.4
4.6
.2

-1.0
-.8
.2
4.4
-2.3
6.3
5.5
8.3
-25.3
3.4

-1.5
4.3

1.6

-9.5
5.0
-1.8
8.6

-1.5

3.8
-.1
-3.8
3.9
-2.2
.1

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs

1.1

4.7
-2.1
2.7

2.9
-1.6
.8

1.7
.7

Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

-1.5
3.5
1.0
10.2
-8.5
2.4

1.9
-2.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
-27.1
3.6

1
Measures of real hourly compensation have been revised to reflect
the most recent information on seasonal variation in the Consumer Price
Index for All Urban Consumers.




18.2
4.5

()

ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
0

-1.4
1.3
2.7
2.7

-1.9
4.9
4.1
6.9
-7.0
3.8

-2.2
-.3
2.0
2.5
-2.0
5.5
4.8
7.4
-17.8
3.2

-9.0
3.6

2

Not available.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
r

115

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

1,855.7
431.3
131.7
204.1
134.3
71.9

1,926.7
448.9
136.0
217.9
140.0
74.3

248.0

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

1,873.5
435.8
132.5
208.1
136.6
73.1

120.9
21.6
6.6
14.2
8.0
3.1

124.1
22.6
6.0
13.6
7.8
3.3

122.6
21.5
5.9
12.3
7.5
3.2

6.5
5.0
5.0
7.0
6.0
4.4

6.4
5.0
4.4
6.3
5.6
4.4

6.5
4.9
4.5
5.9
5.5
4.4

253.8

250.6

20.7

19.1

22.0

8.4

7.5

8.8

77.3
40.7
11.9

94.0
48.7
13.0

90.7
47.7
12.2

4.6
3.9
3.9

5.4
4.5
4.1

5.2
4.4
3.9

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,683.9
1,049.6
306.5

1,736.7
1,077.7
315.0

1,728.7
1,083.2
314.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
PineBJuff

1,135.3
63.8
93.3
273.2
37.5

1,123.8
64.1
93.0
269.5
36.8

1,123.7
63.2
92.3
268.6
36.5

77.2
1.9
8.4
14.7
2.6

80.0
2.3
9.0
15.5
3.3

92.0
2.4
8.6
16.3
3.6

6.8
3.0
9.0
5.4
6.8

7.1
3.6
9.6
5.7
8.9

8.2
3.9
9.4
6.1
9.8

14,441.6
1,374.8
225.6
294.2
4,373.0
156.3
1,085.1
367.6
1,043.9
730.5
1,162.4
873.4
816.2
177.4
203.9
189.8
194.6

14,580.2
1,370.9
232.4
323.9
4,361.0
163.3
1,092.2
370.1
1,089.4
738.4
1,161.4
868.3
799.7
177.6
213.4
194.8
198.9

14,602.7
1,373.4
232.9
318.5
4,365.0
163.7
1,095.6
370.3
1,103.7
743.4
1,170.7
871.5
807.5
179.1
215.7
195.7
200.0

794.2
40.1
23.4
32.1
257.0
18.0
43.6
18.6
55.8
35.5
44.4
28.1
30.1
8.1
9.0
19.3
10.2

958.4
55.9
28.1
38.7
271.0
22.5
51.8
25.5
86.3
44.9
63.0
31.6
38.3
9.9
11.0
24.6
12.9

1,079.6
64.6
29.5
43.6
286.0
25.6
60.4
27.8
97.8
52.0
73.2
38.2
45.1
12.2
13.1
27.3
14.8

5.5
2.9
10.4
10.9
5.9
11.5
4.0
5.1
5.3
4.9
3.8
3.2
3.7
4.6
4.4
10.2
5.2

6.6
4.1
12.1
12.0
6.2
13.8
4.7
6.9
7.9
6.1
5.4
3.6
4.8
5.6
5.2
12.6
6.5

7.4
4.7
12.7
13.7
6.6
15.6
5.5
7.5
8.9
7.0
6.3
4.4
5.6
6.8
6.1
13.9
7.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
:

1,684.6
133.8
861.1

1,797.7
143.6
917.8

1,765.9
138.7
901.8

89.2
5.3
42.1

82.7
5.3
39.2

102.7
5.6
46.7

5.3
3.9
4.9

4.6
3.7
4.3

5.8
4.1
5.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,758.7
230.3
428.8
73.1
282.0
112.0
102.0

1,768.9
228.8
430.6
73.2
285.7
113.8
101.7

1,760.5
227.7
432.4
73.0
284.0
112.5
101.3

88.7
14.5
18.9
4.6
13.2
3.6
7.6

83.9
12.8
18.7
4.3
12.8
3.7
7.1

98.0
14.8
21.5
5.3
14.6
4.3
8.7

5.0
6.3
4.4
6.3
4.7
3.2
7.5

4.7
5.6
4.3
5.9
4.5
3.3
6.9

5.6
6.5
5.0
7.2
5.1
3.8
8.6

361.4
316.5

364.8
315.0

362.2
314.0

18.9
19.0

22.0
19.0

24.3
20.8

5.2
6.0

6.0
6.0

6.7
6.6

District of Columbia
Washington

303.2
2,193.2

294.6
2,189.8

287.7
2,175.9

17.0
63.2

19.4
87.9

21.9
96.3

5.6
2.9

6.6
4.0

7.6
4.4

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6,183.6
153.6
642.6
149.6
104.6
444.1
179.7
189.0
930.6
613.6
144.3
121.7
130.6
991.0
426.4

6,389.1
159.4
662.3
157.8
108.6
458.7
182.7
192.8
949.3
642.0
147.9
127.6
137.5
1,021.0
439.2

6,322.9
157.8
656.0
156.8
106.7
450.5
182.6
191.9
942.6
627.4
•144.9
126.4
133.9
1,012.7
433.5

360.7
9.1
33.6
6.5
3.6
26.8
12.6
10.0
59.7
33.0
9.0
4.9
5.7
51.7
26.3

351.6
9.2
34.4
6.7
3.7
24.3
14.0
10.2
58.9
33.0
8.5
4.5
5.1
49.7
23.8

393.8
10.5
38.3
7.8
4.5
27.5
14.6
12.1
64.4
36.2
9.0
5.8
5.8
57.7
26.7

5.8
5.9
5.2
4.3
3.4
6.0
7.0
5.3
6.4
5.4
6.2
4.1
4.3
5.2
6.2

5.5
5.8
5.2
4.2
3.4
5.3
7.7
5.3
6.2
5.1
5.7
3.5
3.7
4.9
5.4

6.2
6.6
5.8
5.0
4.2
6.1
8.0
6.3
6.8
5.8
6.2
4.6
4.3
5.7
6.2

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

116



.*

!

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991*

208.2
3.8
4.2
89.0
10.9
6.7
7.3
6.6

5.3
6.6
4.3
4.8
4.2
5.5
4.8
5.3

6.2
6.7
5.3
5.8
5.1
6.2
5.1
5.6

6.5
6.9
5.5
5.8
5.5
6.7
5.4
5.6

12.7
8.5

15.3
9.9

3.0
2.9

2.3
2.1

2.8
2.5

32.5
5.1

29.6
5.2

37.3
5.8

6.6
4.3

6.0
4.3

7.6
4.9

6,003.3
192.4
75.8
90.9
3,273.0
181.2
59.5
208.5
47.8
304.2
164.7
155.0
114.7

411.6
12.2
3.5
4.4
203.1
12.3
4.9
16.2
4.0
13.4
11.3
14.1
6.2

355.7
11.4
3.2
3.9
184.0
11.9
3.8
13.4
3.3
12.6
9.0
9.3
5.2

436.8
14.5
3.6
4.5
219.1
12.6
5.1
17.3
4.2
15.6
11.4
11.3
6.2

6.9
6.4
4.6
4.9
6.2
6.8
8.2
7.8
8.6
4.5
6.8
8.9
5.4

5.9
5.9
4.2
4.2
5.6
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.9
4.1
5.4
6.0
4.5

7.3
7.5
4.8
4.9
6.7
7.0
8.5
8.3
8.8
5.1
6.9
7.3
5.4

2,817.1
60.0
60.3
92.9
143.2
202.8
262.4
674.9
46.4
69.2
60.9
130.9
61.5

2,779.0
59.4
59.9
91.5
139.4
197.6
256.4
679.4
46.1
67.3
58.8
128.4
60.2

163.0
4.2
2.1
5.4
8.3
13.2
15.4
28.7
2.9
2.4
3.6
7.2
3.5

141.7
4.1
1.7
6.0
6.1
10.5
13.1
29.7
3.0
1.5
2.8
6.0
2.3

187.4
5.4
2.4
7.2
8.0
14.4
15.7
38.7
4.2
2.9
3.8
8.0
3.3

5.8
7.0
3.4
5.8
5.8
6.5
5.9
4.3
6.2
3.4
6.0
5.5
5.6

5.0
6.8
2.8
6.5
4.3
5.2
5.0
4.4
6.4
2.2
4.7
4.5
3.7

6.7
9.1
4.0
7.9
5.7
7.3
6.1
5.7
9.0
4.3
6.4
6.3
5.5

1,486.7
97.0
236.9
44.5
62.9
61.3
72.1

1,494.1
96.9
236.9
44.7
62.3
60.7
74.5

1,495.1
97.3
238.8
45.1
62.8
60.8
74.2

72.0
3.9
8.8
2.8
1.1
2.3
3.7

65.5
4.8
7.4
2.5
1.0
2.5
3.8

81.3
5.7
9.7
3.5
1.3
3.0
4.3

4.8
4.0
3.7
6.4
1.8
3.8
5.1

4.4
4.9
3.1
5.6
1.6
4.1
5.1

5.4
5.8
4.1
7.7
2.1
5.0
5.8

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,267.4
42.7
91.9
253.7

1,301.6
45.0
92.0
260.0

1,300.5
43.9
91.9
261.9

59.2
1.5
4.4
11.4

60.7
1.6
4.7
11.2

72.7
2.0
5.5
13.3

4.7
3.6
4.8
4.5

4.7
3.6
5.1
4.3

5.6
4.6
6.0
5.1

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,733.5
193.5
515.2
44.5

1,759.4
193.4
523.6
44.5

1,726.2
186.4
505.9
42.8

111.9
6.8
32.9
2.4

96.4
6.5
25.2
1.9

124.3
7.9
32.2
2.7

6.5
3.5
6.4
5.4

5.5
3.4
4.8
4.2

7.2
4.2
6.4
6.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,802.3
56.2
258.4
65.3
97.5
73.6
66.0
558.5
150.1

1,885.2
57.7
269.1
70.6
107.1
77.2
69.3
581.8
154.9

1,870.5
57.4
266.9
68.8
105.1
76.5
67.9
573.1
152.7

115.3
3.5
12.9
3.9
5.0
4.7
3.7
30.4
13.1

116.6
3.5
14.4
4.4
4.7
5.1
4.5
30.2
11.2

130.2
4.4
16.0
4.5
5.6
5.4
4.8
31.1
10.9

6.4
6.2
5.0
6.0
5.1
6.3
5.7
5.4
8.7

6.2
6.1
5.3
6.3
4.4
6.6
6.5
5.2
7.2

7.0
7.6
6.0
6.5
5.3
7.1
7.1
5.4
7.2

619.7
42.8
132.0

638.1
43.7
133.3

629.7
43.3
131.0

32.4
2.8
4.1

42.1
3.8
6.0

54.8
4.7
8.0

5.2
6.5
3.1

6.6
8.8
4.5

8.7
10.9
6.1

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

3,191.3
53.8
77.0
1,510.9
194.2
99.3
133.3
115.7

3,248.4
55.3
77.9
1,539.3
201.2
101.4
136.9
119.8

3,211.6
55.1
76.8
1,522.2
199.4
100.9
134.9
119.2

168.1
3.5
3.3
72.1
8.1
5.5
6.4
6.1

203.0
3.7
4.1
88.8
10.2
6.3
7.0
6.8

Hawaii
Honolulu

528.0
385.4

544.3
394.2

545.3
394.3

16.0
11.0

Idaho
Boise City

493.3
118.0

496.1
120.4

490.5
119.5

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

6,006.3
189.3
75.3
90.6
3,291.3
181.8
59.7
207.7
47.1
299.9
165.7
158.3
114.6

6,028.1
193.2
75.6
94.7
3,285.4
183.3
60.5
211.1
47.7
308.5
166.2
156.4
116.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,824.3
59.3
61.5
93.2
143.4
205.2
263.2
666.3
46.4
69.6
60.8
130.9
61.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

>

Jan.
1991*

See footnotes at end of table.




117

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Maryland ....
Baltimore .

2,510.9
1,204.0

2,489.0
1,195.0

2,476.2
1,183.1

108.2
56.7

150.8
82.1

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,121.9
1,542.9

3,114.8
1,533.7
99.4
76.5
45.2
185.3
147.8
85.5

3,076.1
1,506.5
98.4
77.3
44.7
183.8

253.8

41.5
256.2

218.1

214.8

41.0
255.4
212.3

154.7
62.8
5.8
7.1
3.0
11.3
8.0
7.2
2.2
12.0
11.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
:
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

4,590.8
162.4
65.6
78.8
2,163.8

4,564.8
167.5

190.2
376.1

181.8
378.2
65.6
120.8
239.6
67.1
186.7

183.7
372.3
64.9
118.4
238.4
66.9
184.2

432.7
10.1
6.0
7.3
189.1
33.6
25.3
5.5
6.2
24.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,355.3
110.7

2,425.4
113.9
1,417.8
65.9
101.8

2,422.0
114.6

1,385.1
62.9
101.6

Mississippi.
Jackson ...

1,180.2
200.3

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA .
Springfield

2,574.1
836.4

1

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

98.8
77.2
47.3
184.3

150.2
84.8

40.9

64.9
76.9
2,149.6

146.5
86.6

4,512.3
165.4
63.8
76.1

2,114.3

Jan.
1990

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991?

152.1
76.3

4.3
4.7

6.1
6.9

6.1
6.4

218.0
89.2
8.5
8.3
4.4
15.8
10.9
9.3
3.4
17.9
15.7

277.8

5.0
4.1
5.9
9.2
6.4
6.1
5.3
8.5
5.3
4.7
5.1

7.0
5.8
8.5
10.9
9.7
8.5
7.4
10.8
8.2
7.0
7.3

327.4
6.2
4.3
5.1
153.4

388.9
8.9
4.8

9.4
6.2
9.2
9.3
8.7
17.7
6.7
8.5
5.2
9.8
9.0
13.3

7.2
3.7
6.6
6.6
7.1
8.3
5.9
7.7
4.6
6.1
8.8
6.4

10.7
6.4
9.1
5.0
7.0
10.0
7.5

5.0
5.7
4.1
3.2
6.2

5.4
6.6
4.4
3.1
6.7

Dec.
1990

15.1

22.2
5.1
5.6

Jan.
1991P

112.3
10.7
11.3
5.4
19.0

13.2
12.7
4.5
22.8

20.1

5.9
184.4
19.6
23.8

9.0
7.5
10.8
14.6

12.0
10.3
9.0
14.6
10.9
8.9

9.4
8.6
5.4
7.5
7.8
8.7

6.1

14.7
5.9

5.9
5.9
16.7
6.7

24.9

12.0

13.8

116.4
7.0
55.1
1.9
6.4

120.7
6.5

1,411.6
66.4
104.7

130.6
7.6
61.7

6.3

2.1
7.0

4.9
6.3
4.0
3.1
6.3

1,194.1
203.2

1,178.6
197.7

94.4
10.7

96.3
11.2

105.3
12.0

8.0
5.4

8.1
5.5

8.9
6.1

1,252.9
126.7

2,647.2
855.8
1,276.2
132.4

2,644.6
853.4
1,264.8
131.6

173.8
50.3
81.3
6.3

160.1
41.8
75.7
6.3

184.2
53.3
89.2
7.0

6.8
6.0
6.5
5.0

6.0
4.9
5.9
4.7

7.0
6.2
7.1
5.3

Montana ....

401.2

394.9

398.1

23.7

26.6

29.4

5.9

6.7

Nebraska...
Lincoln ....
Omaha ....

824.0
128.6
339.0

840.3
131.6
344.9

839.1
130.2
345.0

23.9
2.6
10.5

16.2
2.2
7.7

22.6
2.7
10.6

2.9
2.0
3.1

1.9
1.6
2.2

2.7
2.0
3.1

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

608.2
372.3
134.7

640.8
397.9
138.3

641.2
399.7
137.1

29.6
16.1
7.3

37.0
22.8

39.4
23.2

7.9

8.9

4.9
4.3
5.4

5.8
5.7
5.7

6.1
5.8
6.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.

622.3
88.8
100.5
135.7

639.2
89.5
101.2
143.4

640.6
91.4
101.3
141.3

28.9
3.9
4.4
5.6

40.6
5.5
6.1
7.2

46.8
6.1
7.1
8.8

4.6
4.4
4.3
4.1

6.4
6.1
6.0
5.0

7.3
6.6
7.0
6.2

3,980.1
173.5
704.1
271.4
582.6
475.2
944.1
173.7
60.7

4,033.9
182.3
702.6
275.9
592.5
483.0
950.5
175.3
62.6

3,990.0
179.3
693.4
269.2
585.3
477.4
942.6
175.0
62.2

207.3
13.5

227.4
15.5
35.9
22.4
24.7
27.4
55.6
8.1
6.3

285.2
19.4
44.7
26.8
32.4
35.8
68.0
10.7
7.7

5.2
7.8
4.8
8.0
3.7
5.1
5.3
4.2
9.5

5.6
8.5
5.1
8.1
4.2
5.7
5.8
4.6
10.0

10.8
6.4
10.0
5.5
7.5
7.2
6.1

682.1

705.4
267.2
60.1
70.0

691.7
262.0
57.5

38.7
10.3
3.3
2.7

45.9

49.5

14.6
4.0
2.4

14.5
4.4
2.9

5.7
4.0
5.9
4.0

6.5
5.5
6.6
3.4

7.2
5.5
7.7
4.2

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
,
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque ...
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

118



65.4
118.7
246.9
67.7
187.2

256.5
56.7
68.5

69.7

33.8
21.6
21.3
24.4

49.7
7.3
5.8

58.6
2.1

7.1

12.3

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991^

8,741.1
440.3
124.5
459.1
44.9
52.7
1,410.6
4,085.8
3,414.0
136.4
130.1
511.0
325.8
137.2

8,564.2
432.8
119.7
451.4
42.7
50.7
1,360.5
4,017.0
3,367.0
130.7
126.3
497.8
321.3
134.0

8,538.8
433.3
119.8
452.0
42.6
51.4
1,343.9
4,013.9
3,367.0
131.3
126.1
496.0
320.7
133.5

478.2
18.1
5.6
24.8
2.13.5
49.5
261.3
240.0
6.6
3.8
21.3
14.7
7.4

465.9
19.0
5.7
24.0
2.2
4.0
58.0
238.5
214.0
6.9
4.7
21.0
16.1
7.7

3,331.8
89.8
628.9
514.2
406.7

3,395.8
92.4
649.5
518.0
420.0

3,343.8
90.8
637.8
512.6
412.1

152.5
3.7
23.4
20.8
10.9

319.1
46.3
87.1
35.7

316.8
45.8
89.5
35.9

312.3
46.4
88.6
34.7

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,391.3
326.6
192.8
775.4
945.6
732.0
477.4
317.0
221.9

5,483.8
339.2
195.3
795.2
960.9
751.7
480.9
318.4
224.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,500.9
26.4
47.0
494.6
336.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

...

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Jan.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

605.5
27.0
8.2
34.5
3.2
5.7
77.0
284.4
249.0
10.0
6.9
29.0
22.9
11.6

5.5
4.1
4.5
5.4
4.7
6.7
3.5
6.4
7.0
4.8
3.0
4.2
4.5
5.4

5.4
4.4
4.8
5.3
5.1
7.9
4.3
5.9
6.3
5.3
3.7
4.2
5.0
5.8

7.1
6.2
6.8
7.6
7.5
11.1
5.7
7.1
7.4
7.6
5.5
5.9
7.1
8.7

174.0
3.8
28.1
22.6
12.0

202.0
5.2
30.8
26.1
15.6

4.6
4.1
3.7
4.0
2.7

5.1
4.1
4.3
4.4
2.9

6.0
5.7
4.8
5.1
3.8

16.2
2.4
3.0
1.5

12.2
1.8
2.5
1.1

14.0
2.2
3.3
1.1

5.1
5.2
3.4
4.3

3.8
3.9
2.8
3.1

4.5
4.8
3.7
3.2

5,357.1
325.8
190.5
772.1
934.0
728.8
468.4
310.1
219.5

411.9
23.4
15.1
39.0
57.2
43.0
32.2
32.8
25.3

315.1
18.1
12.2
30.2
45.5
31.9
24.9
26.1
16.0

389.1
21.7
14.1
38.4
55.4
37.0
29.6
31.7
19.6

7.6
7.2
7.8
5.0
6.0
5.9
6.8
10.4
11.4

5.7
5.3
6.2
3.8
4.7
4.2
5.2
8.2
7.1

7.3
6.6
7.4
5.0
5.9
5.1
6.3
10.2
8.9

1,528.9
27.2
47.3
490.6
344.0

1,529.3
27.0
47.2
492.2
341.4

103.6
1.3
2.4
36.6
20.3

92.3
1.2
2.3
31.4
18.5

109.3
1.5
3.0
36.5
21.3

6.9
4.9
5.1
7.4
6.0

6.0
4.5
4.9
6.4
5.4

7.1
5.7
6.4
7.4
6.2

1,458.6
147.0
672.7
134.6

1,495.1
149.6
694.4
140.4

1,462.8
146.7
681.0
135.0

87.2
8.7
28.0
9.1

89.5
9.9
29.5
8.7

100.1
11.0
33.3
9.1

6.0
5.9
4.2
6.7

6.0
6.6
4.3
6.2

6.8
7.5
4.9
6.7

5,860.3
331.1
61.1
60.3
133.7
330.0
97.5
224.0
2,422.7
981.2
175.7
366.1
50.7
65.5
60.6
224.2

5,891.3
337.6
61.8
59.4
135.9
331.0
98.1
225.2
2,449.8
992.6
175.5
363.3
52.2
68.1
60.1
224.7

5,830.9
333.7
61.8
59.5
134.6
328.6
99.0
221.7
2,421.6
978.1
173.5
363.4
51.8
63.6
59.6
222.9

347.6
19.1
5.4
5.5
9.1
15.5
8.8
9.6
114.3
56.9
9.2
28.4
3.2
3.8
4.9
11.4

324.1
18.9
5.0
4.6
7.6
14.6
7.6
10.6
117.4
47.4
9.6
26.1
2.5
3.8
4.4
10.8

415.1
23.7
6.1
6.1
9.3
18.9
10.1
14.3
147.0
61.9
12.7
32.3
3.7
4.3
5.4
15.2

5.9
5.8
8.8
9.1
6.8
4.7
9.0
4.3
4.7
5.8
5.2
7.8
6.2
5.8
8.1
5.1

5.5
5.6
8.2
7.7
5.6
4.4
7.8
4.7
4.8
4.8
5.5
7.2
4.8
5.6
7.3
4.8

7.1
7.1
9.8
10.2
6.9
5.8
10.2
6.5
6.1
6.3
7.3
8.9
7.1
6.7
9.0
6.8

513.0
166.7
337.2

513.6
164.5
338.7

517.0
164.3
342.4

33.3
11.5
20.8

33.4
12.4
20.9

43.3
15.5
27.2

6.5
6.9
6.2

6.5
7.6
6.2

8.4
9.5
8.0

1,680.1
228.3
237.9
334.8

1,720.4
237.7
243.0
344.6

1,707.8
236.8
241.4
337.6

78.7
7.8
8.1
12.1

94.1
9.1
8.9
15.6

101.5
10.2
9.8
16.2

4.7
3.4
3.4
3.6

5.5
3.8
3.7
4.5

5.9
4.3
4.0
4.8

351.3
39.2
75.2

355.5
39.7
76.6

349.9
39.1
75.0

15.5
1.8
2.6

11.3
1.2
2.3

14.0
1.7
2.5

4.4
4.7
3.4

3.2
2.9
3.0

4.0
4.4
3.3

Dec.
1990

See footnotes at end of table.




119

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

2,359.6
209.6
215.6
284.0
464.6
522.6

2,380.4
208.9
219.9
283.2
476.1
529.7

2,375.7
211.1
219.0
278.7
470.3
527.8

124.9
9.7
10.0
16.0
20.1
19.8

137.0
11.0
10.3
15.0
23.5
21.9

8,320.6
51.2
94.7
428.6
161.5
85.6
102.5
59.1
157.6
1,421.4
247.9
722.6
105.9
1,675.3
95.8
53.1
78.9
113.2
167.6
47.7
51.5
43.6
600.7
47.1
58.1
73.2
35.6
90.9
55.2

8,521.5
51.3
96.4
439.4
168.8
88.1
107.3
63.6
167.9
1,438.6
254.2
737.6
108.8
1,752.9
96.3
54.7
79.2
116.8
170.5
48.2
51.5
43.7
606.0
47.4
57.2
75.0
36.1
93.4
55.2

8,421.8
50.9
95.0
434.6
167.1
86.7
106.8
59.6
164.6
1,424.2
253.3
729.7
107.2
1,730.2
95.1
54.1
79.2
113.7
168.1
47.9
51.1
43.4
598.4
47.4
56.5
74.7
35.9
92.5
55.0

480.6
2.8
4.3
18.1
11.3
4.8
10.9
2.0
10.0
64.5
24.0
33.5
6.7
79.1
6.1
6.2
5.2
4.9
33.8
2.6
3.2
2.3
36.1
2.3
3.3
4.0
2.0
4.6
2.9

777.0
113.3
504.0

806.5
121.4
520.8

787.8
114.2
511.8

309.7
76.9

307.0
78.5

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,132.5
70.0
53.3
74.6
610.9
448.6
121.4

Washington
Seattle

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

Jan.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991P

164.4
12.7
12.5
18.3
26.0
25.4

5.3
4.6
4.7
5.6
4.3
3.8

5.8
5.3
4.7
5.3
4.9
4.1

6.9
6.0
5.7
6.6
5.5
4.8

556.7
3.0
4.9
20.3
12.1
5.2
14.5
2.3
13.2
77.8
28.6
41.8
8.5
94.5
7.5
6.7
5.7
5.5
36.0
2.3
2.8
2.1
43.3
2.8
3.7
5.1
1.8
5.3
3.6

582.9
3.3
5.3
21.0
12.3
5.2
15.0
2.5
13.3
83.0
30.3
43.4
8.5
97.3
7.4
6.8
6.5
6.0
36.5
2.5
3.0
2.4
44.1
3.1
4.1
5.4
2.0
5.7
4.1

5.8
5.4
4.5
4.2
7.0
5.6
10.7
3.4
6.3
4.5
9.7
4.6
6.3
4.7
6.3
11.7
6.6
4.3
20.1
5.5
6.2
5.3
6.0
4.9
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.1
5.2

6.5
5.9
5.1
4.6
7.2
5.9
13.5
3.6
7.9
5.4
11.2
5.7
7.8
5.4
7.8
12.2
7.1
4.7
21.1
4.8
5.4
4.8
7.1
5.9
6.5
6.8
4.9
5.7
6.5

6.9
6.4
5.6
4.8
7.4
6.0
14.0
4.3
8.1
5.8
12.0
5.9
7.9
5.6
7.8
12.6
8.2
5.3
21.7
5.2
5.9
5.6
7.4
6.6
7.3
7.2
5.5
6.2
7.5

34.1
4.1
20.7

30.7
4.5
18.5

36.4
4.6
21.9

4.4
3.6
4.1

3.8
3.7
3.5

4.6
4.0
4.3

309.4
77.5

13.9
2.3

20.4
3.7

24.5
4.1

4.5
3.0

6.6
4.7

7.9
5.3

3,222.8
73.2
53.7
74.7
626.4
468.1
125.5

3,223.7
72.5
53.7
75.5
622.1
467.8
126.0

138.1
2.1
4.3
3.7
33.2
15.4
4.0

157.9
2.3
4.8
3.7
31.5
20.1
4.3

188.4
3.0
5.4
4.3
37.7
23.0
4.9

4.4
2.9
8.0
4.9
5.4
3.4
3.3

4.9
3.2
9.0
5.0
5.0
4.3
3.4

5.8
10.1
5.7
6.1
4.9
3.9

2,479.9
1,128.6

2,533.5
1,150.1

2,484.0
1,121.7

151.6
45.1

142.5
44.7

172.3
52.5

6.1
4.0

5.6
3.9

6.9
4.7

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

768.9
118.8
132.1
72.7
. 72.1

777.7
120.3
133.3
73.0
71.9

771.8
119.4
131.5
71.8
71.4

70.5
8.3
10.7
5.4
5.7

73.8
8.2
9.3
5.1
4.5

81.9
9.6
11.7
6.0
6.1

9.2
7.0
8.1
7.4
7.9

9.5
6.8
7.0
7.1
6.2

10.6
8.0
8.9
8.4
8.6

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay

2,547.6
171.1
70.7
109.1
74.5
53.4
52.4
218.2
756.9
89.5
57.7
63.9

2,597.8
174.2
71.5
112.4
73.9
54.9
52.7
229.7
759.2
89.8
59.0
63.9

2,567.6
172.5
69.6
111.3
73.3
54.5
51.4
226.0
754.2
89.8
58.2
64.1

143.4
8.8
4.2
5.2
8.8
5.0
2.6
6.9
32.4
5.3
2.9
3.6

114.9
7.6
4.1
4.4
3.2
2.8
1.8
6.0
27.3
4.1
3.6
2.8

138.1
8.4
4.2
5.2
7.1
3.9
2.2
6.9
30.9
5.9
3.2
3.6

5.6
5.2
6.0
4.8
11.8
9.4
4.9
3.1
4.3
5.9
5.0
5.6

4.4
4.4
5.7
3.9
4.4
5.1
3.5
2.6
3.6
4.6
6.1
4.4

5.4
4.9
6.0
4.7
9.7
7.2
4.3
3.1
4.1
6.5
5.6
5.7

240.0
31.6

245.7
32.5

240.3
31.7

15.4
2.2

15.4
2.1

18.4
2.6

6.4
6.8

6.3
6.5

7.7
8.2

Ti
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
Vermont
Burlington

*j3n©sviii©~D©ioix ••

Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

:

•>>

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1990 have been
benchmarked to 1990 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the

120



4.1

11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1991 are
provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
publication.

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry
attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers from
a sample of about 60,000 households, representing 729 areas
in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with coverage in
50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected
are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar
week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly
hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 340,000 establishments employing over 40 million nonfarm wage and salary
workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time,
who receive pay during the payroll period which includes
the 12th day of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be
reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural
industries is included. The payroll survey covers only
wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm
establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment
Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.

Hours of work
The household survey measures % hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by

121

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.

Earnings

Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics
Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are
counted more than once if they work on more than one farm
during the reporting period. There are also wide differences
in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for
unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training
Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons
who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who
have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance
systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and
religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment

122




COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business. Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business
establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are
different treatment of business units considered parts of an
establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments,
and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial
classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is
incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are covered
by the unemployment insurance programs. However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial schools,
and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance
whereas these are included in the BLS establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the
employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor
force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the
Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS).
A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the
Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived
From the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2307.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are
interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment," are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
of between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 60,000 occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average
month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise
not enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.
The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample
to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to
be common with the same month a year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise




operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose *
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons
classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of fall weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a fall-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific

123

efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period
preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those
persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called
back to a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were
waiting to report to a new job within 30 days. Jobseekers are
grouped by the methods used to seek work, including going
to a public or private employment agency or to an employer
directly, seeking assistancefromfriendsor relatives, placing
or answering ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples
of the "other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number
unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including
members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within
the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin,
marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation
rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sex-age
groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio
is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or that
no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
124




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would
not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969,
these questions were asked in those households entering the
sample for the first time and those returning for the second
4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, thefiguresrelate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited
to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual
status at their present job (either full or part time) and by
their reason for working part time during the survey week
(economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or
equipment, start or termination of a job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons
include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,
demands of home or school, no desire for full-time work,
and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons on
full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35
hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for
noneconomic reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part t i m e that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status;
and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "parttime labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that:
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the
household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin




may be of any race; thus they are included in both the white
and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and
women are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served
in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed
to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the
median. The medians as shown in this publication are
calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval
within which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were reported as
members of the same household even though one may be
temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a
hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are
married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,
spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because
of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart
because either the husband or the wife was employed and
living away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or
had a different place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing
unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single
room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended
for occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

125

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder.
Families are classified either as married-couple families or as
families maintained by women or men without spouses. A
family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income
residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and
conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in * 'The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist
of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; (2) other territories,
incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various
series, see "New Definitions for Employment and
126




Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data
from the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total
employment, and agricultural employment were increased
by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and men; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2)
Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and
about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase
was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in
1962, the introduction of data from the 1960 census reduced
the population by about 50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually
unchanged. (4) Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970
census was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjustment based on
the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected the white and black-and-other groups
but had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white population and an increase of the
same magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian
labor force and total employment figures were affected to
a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by
150,000, and the black-and-other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls DerivedfromInflationDeflation Method of Estimation'', in the February 1974 issue
of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.

Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor
force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample
had race determined by the household respondent. The new
procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only
for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for
the total United States. The reasoning behind the change and
an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates
used in the second-stage estimation procedure are derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases in
total population and estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series
were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series.
The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users should
make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in
estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.




Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall,
the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The
greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin.
Major estimates were revised back to January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal
foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a result,
the total civilian population and labor force estimates were
raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased
by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population
and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and
305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by 270,000.
Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were
not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the
adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to
January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the
changes and their effect on estimates of labor force
characteristics appears in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this publication.
Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate
cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of very
small cells occurring and to be more consistent with published
age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no effect on
national estimates.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity
or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order
to determine more precisely the occupational classification
of individuals. As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be
made between 1971-72 and prior years nor between those
2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
For a farther explanation of the changes in the occupational
classification system, see "Revisions in Occupational
Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972
issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings.
127

Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial
classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
from the Standard Occupational Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclaturefromthe 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales: workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (Sic), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most
notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of
farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade,
postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample
estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally.
In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in which
a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the sample
for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for another 4
months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three
more sample areas were added to account for the population
in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major
portion of the sample from census address lists was begun,
though a portion of the sample is still collected using area
sampling. Following the 1970 census, the ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous cluster of six
housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing
units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia
128




and designed to provide more reliable annual average
estimates for States, was incorporated into the design. In
October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed
of approximately 450 sample household units which
represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000
new construction housing units, was included in computing
the estimates in order to provide coverage of mobile homes
and new construction units that previously had no chance
for selection in the CPS sample selected from the 1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental sample
of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District
of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was
selected based on 1980 cenus information, providing an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design and
increase the reliability for State estimates. Sample households
are chosen from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973
geographic areas in the United States. This current number
of sample areas is not completely comparable to the old
number of sample areas since many of the sample areas have
been redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May 1984 issue of
Employment and Earnings, for an overview of these new
definitions and the introduction of the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented
in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month
period, April-November 1989.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey:
Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau
of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returnsfromthe entire panel of respondents.
The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from
each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the
person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of
the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966.
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ..
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989 .
Nov. 1989 to present 3 ...

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed

68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729

1

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400

Not interviewed

500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

11,800

3

Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.

obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within
each combination of sample areas there is a further
breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized
by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural." The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to
further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to
some extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial
census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State and the District
of Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 38 and 24 agesex groups respectively; the other races category has 4 agesex cells. The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is
iterated six times, each time beginning at the weights
developed the previous time. This ensures that the sample
estimates of the population for both State and national agesex-race-origin categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure incorporates changes instituted in January
1985 and August 1989. The nature and effect of the 1985
changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employment
and Earnings.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas.
Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas
which represent only themselves. The adjustment is made
at the State level for each of the 43 States which contains
nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The
procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell
at the time of the 1980 census between the race distribution
of the population in sample areas and the known race distribution of the State.




The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as
a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of
this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For
a description of the methodology used in developing the State
total, see Report 957 of that series. A description of the age

129

estimates methodology is available in Report 1010 of that
series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These
Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980
census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic
births and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic
deaths and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic
population by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued in the preparation of the independent national controls used for the age-sex-race groups in the third step of
the second-stage ratio estimation procedure. These controls
were prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census data after
taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births,
deaths, and net migration and then subtracting the estimate
for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985, the "inflation-deflation" method
of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced
into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflationdeflation" method, the independent controls are prepared
by inflating the 1980 census counts to include estimated
undercounts by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births
and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These post-censal
population estimates are then deflated to census level to
reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added aind then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method.
Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the
method is important since the. exact amount of undercount
in the 1980 census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for
the resident population made by the National Center for
Health Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel
overseas from the Department of Defense. Estimates of net
civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Department of
Defense, the Office of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board. The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas. The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived
from the 1980 census to the total population, including Armed
Forces overseas for the estimate date. All computations
described above are performed in cells defined by single year
of age, race, and sex. The independent national control totals
are then obtained by collapsing these cells into broader age
groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls.

130




For the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented
immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition,
an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreignborn residents has been incorporated into the post-censal
population estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of
these changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the
Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey
Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for
a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used
which takes account of net changes from the previous month
for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as
the sample results for the current month. Also included is
an additional term which is an estimate of the net difference
between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's
sample. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change are
improved by this procedure, and most estimates of level are
also improved, but to a lesser extent.

Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.

Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude o f the
sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of
some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but
do not measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as
discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the
interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording
or coding the data, errors made in processing the data,
errors made in estimating values for missing data, and failure
to represent all sample households and all persons within

sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various sources of
error as well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is
inspected through reinterview at regular intervals. The results
indicate, among other things, that the data published from
the CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger
for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-race-origin
population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However,
biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed
households have different characteristics than interviewed
persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group. Further, the
independent population controls used have not been adjusted
for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology,
Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last document includes a comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors, and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated




standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals,
ranges that would include the average of all possible samples
with a known probability. For example, if all possible
samples were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated error were
calculated from each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2 standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable
to a large number of estimates and could be prepared at a
moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors are computed for various types of characteristics. This
generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard
errors. Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided
give an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard
error of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates
and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent
months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and month-tomonth change for percentages. Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for
estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the
characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard
errors for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of

131

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force . . ; . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

change between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change
for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H,
and I to compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor
force participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard
errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period, they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for
use with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
•12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical.
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective

132



.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Mining
,
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or
percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage
is based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more
reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly
percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.

The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator of
the percentage are in different categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of
a total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in
agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H
(0.08 percent). The appropriate factor from table I for the
numerator of the percentage, agricultural employment, is
1.26. The generalized standard error on the estimated 2.9
percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages may be obtained by using table J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for estimates
of change are more closely related to the level of the estimate
than to the size of the specific change. Thus, to obtain the
standard error of an estimate of an average level, rate, or

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000. . . .
15,000. . . .
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000. . .
120,000.. .
140,000...

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white, ^
19 years

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72

Black, 16 to
19 years

12
16
32
35

Total or
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only

11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

133

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50
100....
500. . . .
1,000 ..
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58

1 See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

2

percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate, or
percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate
estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage,findthe
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by
treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the
procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor
from table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent,
based on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force,
and that a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0
percent, based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor
force for the month. First, the standard error on the average
of the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
134




Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

Total or white, Black, 16 to
16 to 19 years
19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59

14
19
37
39

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the correlation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of
quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons
(total, white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white,
and black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics
are 0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number
had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation in
the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate
of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is 221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the 2,000,000
year-to-year change is:
(216,000) 2

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000) 2

-2(0.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1 000
2,000
4,000
6,000
10,000
20 000
60,000
100,000
120,000 . .
140,000

1

2

5

10

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

15 i
8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

20

25

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

35

50

10.75
10.36
7.60
7.33
3.40
3.28
2.40
2.32
1.70
1.64
f.20
1.16
.98
.95 ?
.73 '
•^
.54
.52
.31
.30
.24
.23
.22
.21
.21
.20

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

30

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50
100.. ..
500 ....
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000

1
2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
•18

.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

10

15

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

20
10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

25
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28

30
12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60

35
13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62

50
15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50
100 . . . .
500 . . . .
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.4)8
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




135

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other #Jan agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
*?••
Men only
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time labor force

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time

136




..

.

...

Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Men

Total

Women

Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10
50
75
100 . ...
150 . . . .
200 ....
250 ....
300 ....
500 ....
750 . . . .
1,000...
1,500...
2,000. . .
2,500. . .
3,000. . .
5,000 . . .
7,500 . . .
10,000. .
15,000..
20,000. .
25,000. .
30,000. .
40,000 . .
50,000. .
75,000 . .
100,000.




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48

59
68
76
83
107

130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Total or full-time workers

Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50*
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88

137

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment, hours, and earnings in nonfarm establishments, by industry and geographic location. Historical
statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and Earnings,
United States, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States
and Areas, and their supplements.

Federal-State cooperation
Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series.
This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments,
and, together with the use of similar estimating techniques
at the national and State levels, promotes increased comparability between estimates.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure
assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been
reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total
number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments and, for most industries, employment,
payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the
12th of the month.

CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
138




industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual, Office of Management and Budget. The BLS
tabulates and estimates statistics which distinguish between
private and public establishments, thus maintaining continuity
with previously published statistics for the private and
government sector.

Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments,
employment figures represent the number of persons who
occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series
(three-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 three-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component

industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers
above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing
employment. The margin between the percent that increased
and the percent that decreased is equal to the difference
between the index and its complement, i.e., 100 minus the
index. For example, an index of 65 percent means that 30
percent more industries had increasing employment than had
decreasing employment (65-(100-65)=30). However, for
dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from
the 50-percent reference point is the most significant
observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group
leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of




any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance,
Group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also
included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation, and sick
leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and
paid regularly each pay period); other pay not earned in the
pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value
of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types
of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the
employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for
holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the
pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend
and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums
were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard,
incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are
excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an
employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition,
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in
the same direction from month to month. Such factors as
work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not
have the same influence on overtime hours as on average
hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may
be caused by a marked change in hours for a component

139

industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the
previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors
as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings
for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series
is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series
include lump-sum payments made to production workers in
lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate
the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.

monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees
except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group
I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by
dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a
weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but
also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees
are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are
calculated from the earnings averages for the current month
using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique

From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these "link relatives." In addition, bias correction factors are applied to most employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
Railroad hours and earnings. Thefiguresfor Class I railroads past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the
(excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.

140




sample link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other
features of the general procedures are described in table L.

a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region
within an industry.

Size and regional stratification

Benchmark adjustments

A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or
earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole industry or

Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonfarm industries, and appropriate adjustments are
made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1989 levels. Benchmark adjustments are
made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees. 2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers. 2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers. 2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours. 2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

141

agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonfarm payrolls in the United
States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from
the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies
in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry
is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1988 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Normally, data for all months since the last benchmark
to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision.
Revised data are published as soon as possible after each
benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of
establishment.'' This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to
the average size of establishments. Under this type of design,
large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The
size of the sample for the various industries is determined
empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few
establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
Table M. Comparison of nonfarm employment benchmarks and
estimates for March 1989

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
1

1987 SICbased
estimate

Level

Percent

107,026

107,073

-47

(1)

678
4,741
19,396

703
4,813
19,585

-25
-72
-189

-3.7
-1.5
-1.0

5,549
6,195
19,115

5,646
6,145
19,023

-97
50
92

-1.7
.8
.5

6,639
26,702
18,011

6,714
26,479
17,965

-75
223
46

-1.1
.8
.3

Benchmark

Less than 0.05 percent.

142




Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in thefieldof social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry
division covered by the group of establishments furnishing
monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions
shown.
Reliability

(In thousands)
Industry

included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial
number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sarnple to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual
establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally
show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries,
these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally
produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries
and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the
reference period, and, at a somewhat late date, statistics in
considerably greater industrial detail.

Difference

Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates
derived from it may differ from the figures that would be
obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using
the same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's
estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and

Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1989
Sample coverage1
Industry

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Benchmarks Number of
(thousands) establishments

Employees
Number
Percent of
(thousands) benchmarks

107,026

282,003

39,158

37

678
4,741
19,396

3,352
27,194
51,253

261
948
9,377

38
20
48

5,549
6,195
19,115

214,673
25,311
55,477

6,639
26,702
2,976
4,257
10,778

2

2,149
1,120
4,136

39
18
22

21,001
63,877

Z139
6,184

32
23

(3)
4,437
15,428

2,976
3,207
6,661

100
75
62

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of employment for Class I railroads. A small sample is used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national estimates
are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry
estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal
employment, are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O
presents the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed
descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available
from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader
groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
relative errors of the estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE

Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government3

Average
benchmark
revision in
employment
estimates1

Relative error2
Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

.2
2.6
1.4
.8
.6
.9
.7
1.1
.5

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4

.5
.4
.4

.2
.4

.4
.6

0.2

=

• v

(standard deviation) 2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that
an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings

1

The average percent revision in employment for the 1985-89 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
3
Data for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnr' Management and a sample of State and local
government reports.
2

response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual
establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes




(bias) 2

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000 . . .
200,000 . . .
500,000 . . .
1,000,000..
2,000,000 . .
1
2

Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates1
2,100

3,900
5,600
14,000

Relative error2
(in percent)
Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2.2
1.3

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

1.1
.9

15,000
26,000

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

143

the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
andfinalmonth-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with
BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Defini-

tions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtainedfromthe State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national
estimates. For employment, the sum of the Statefiguresmay
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

Total

76,100

75,200

Total private

59,700

57,100

Goods-producing industries

21,700

21,100

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

3,700
3,100

3,400
2,800

Construction
General building contractors

13,800
5,200

14,600
5,400

Manufacturing

16,700

17,700

12,600
2,100
1,600
1,500
4,000

11,600
1,900
1,600
1,500
3,800

3,000
2,200

2,700
2,100

5,600

6,600

4,200
7,200
6,000
2,000
1,800

4,100
6,700
6,100
2,100
1,600

8,300
5,200
1,400
1,800

8,200
4,900
1,300
1,600

4,300
1,500

4,000
1.400

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery
and equipment
Electronic and other
electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products

Root-mean-square error of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

2,100
2,600
1,200

2,000
2,800
1,200

1,600
1,400

1,600
1,300

71,200

69,300

14,500
12,600
5,500

12,900

7,800
5,600
4,900

7,100
4,900
4,300

35,200
22,300
7,000

30,800
19,800

4,000
8,800

4,900
7,700

8,000
4,000
3,600
4,300

6,700
3,500
3,000
3,800

Services
Business services
Health services

31,000
11,000
8,500

32,100

Government
Federal
State
Local

51,900
16,100
20,800
35,600

45,800
11,600
16,900
36,200

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products .
Petroleum and coal products ..
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products ..
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities . . .
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1984 through December 1989.

144




10,500

4,900

6,100

10,400
7,800

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment and household survey labor input data and from measures of compensation and output supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal
Reserve Board.

CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments (table C-9) refer to hours paid for all
employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers,
and salaried workers. For productivity and cost measures
(tables C-10, 11), hours of all persons include hours of
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. Labor
input is measured by hours at the work site.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons (productivity) measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per hour at work.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of
employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by
dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, capital consump-

tion allowances, interest, rental income of persons, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current-dollar
gross product originating in the sector and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constantdollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index
for gross product of the sector reported.

NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less general
government, households and institutions, owner-occupied
housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business. All measures are
seasonally adjusted.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear
in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS Bulletin
2178. Additional information may be obtained from the
Office of Productivity and Technology (202-523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table




D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal
economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in
States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and
is available in microfiche form only, on a subscription basis.
145

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics."

Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (in)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for UI claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the UI claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
146




an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two
large sub-State areas—New York City and the Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly from
the CPS. Estimates for all other sub-State areas, more than
2,600 labor market areas (LMA's), are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described below.
Preliminary estimate—employment.
The total civilian
employment estimates are based onCES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State UI laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA's
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical

relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)




are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonally),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning
in June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are calculated and published twice a year. Revisions of
historical data will continue to be made once a year,
coincident with benchmark revisions.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally
adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and
147

multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory
workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing
by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number of
series characterized by small seasonal components relative to
their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These failed or
unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however, are used in
the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal
Service. The number of temporary census workers for the

148




decennial census, however, are removed prior to the
calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS has developed an extension of X - l l ARIMA to allow
it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence
or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter. This extension was
also used for the seasonal adjustment of many of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours and manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the computation of the
projected factors for the period beginning in April 1990.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series based
on the experience through May 1990, new seasonal adjustment
factors for August 1990-April 1991, and a description of the
current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the September
1990 issue of Employment and Earnings.

*U.S.G.P.O.:1991-282-697:40005

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

REGION 1—BOSTON
1 Congress Street
10th Floor
Boston, MA 02114
Phone: (617) 565-2327

REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV—ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V—CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI—DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIMKANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 193766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415) 744-6600




IV

ALABAMA

X

ALASKA

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
IX ARIZONA
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
VI ARKANSAS
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
Employment Development Department, EmployIX CALIFORNIA
ment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VII COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
CONNECTICUT
I
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST. OF COL.
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
X IDAHO
Boise 83735
V ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VII IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
MAINE
I
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
III MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
V MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

BLS
Region
VIII MONTANA

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
V OHIO
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
X OREGON
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harrisburg 17121
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th FL, 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th FL, 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
II VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VIII WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602
VII NEBRASKA