Full text of Employment and Earnings : March 1988

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics

In this issue:
1987 annual averages for national
establishment survey data




March 1988

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ann McLaiiiihlin. Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr.. July. Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in July 1987.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 35

No. 3 March 1988

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Editors' Note
Because of budget reductions which affect the Bureau's Current Employment Statistics program,
publication of employment, hours, earnings, and labor force data for a number of metropolitan areas
has been suspended (tables B-8, C-8, and D-l). The Bureau regrets any inconvenience to data users.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables . .
......
Employment and unemployment developments, February 1988

2
4

Statistical tables:

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings .
State and area labor force data

9
44
79
112

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment .
Hours and earnings
Productivity data .
Explanatory notes




36
56
101
109
117

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 years and over, i954 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race.
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by
school enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex, age, and race .
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship .

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-l 8.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex .
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment.
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex.
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex..
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status.
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class pf worker and full- or part-time
status..
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status .

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.




Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted . . . . . . . . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted...
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted.
...
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment—National

BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry . .
...
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted.
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted.

43
44
55
56
57
58
59

Employment—States and Areas

B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

6()

Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.
C- 2a.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing . .
...
....
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

79
82
98
99
IQQ
101
102
103

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas

C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas .

104

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

H o u r s of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by m a j o r industry,
seasonally adjusted
....
Indexes of productivity, hourly c o m p e n s a t i o n , unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted . . .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly c o m p e n s a t i o n ,
unit costs, a n d prices, seasonally adjusted a n n u a l rates .

109
110
Ill

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

112

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, February 1988

Employment growth was quite strong in February. The
overall jobless rate was 5.6 percent, and the civilian worker
rate was 5.7 percent. Both have edged down in recent
months—by three-tenths of a percentage point since last
October.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the
survey of business establishments, surged by 530,000 in
February, following a relatively small increase in the prior
month. Total civilian employment, as measured by the household survey, rose by nearly 300,000 over the month.
Unemployment
The number of persons unemployed in February, at 6.9
million, seasonally adjusted, was about the same as in January. The civilian worker unemployment rate, at 5.7 percent,
also showed little over-the-month change. However, it has
edged down by three-tenths since last October and was nearly
a full percentage point lower than a year ago.
Jobless rates for adult men (4.9 percent), adult women (5.2
percent), teenagers (15.4 percent), whites (4.8 percent), and
blacks (12.6 percent) showed little change in February. After dipping in January, the Hispanic unemployment rate (8.3
percent) returned to the levels that generally prevailed in the
latter half of last year. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
The median duration of unemployment—6.4 weeks—was
unchanged from January and was slightly lower than a year
earlier. The number and proportion of the total unemployed
who had lost their last jobs declined markedly over the past
year. (See tables A-40 and A-41.)

two-thirds of the increase occurring among adult women.
(See table A-33.)
Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 530,000
in February, seasonally adjusted, to a level of 104.3 million. This large gain, which followed a much smaller increase
in January (175,000), occurred mostly in the serviceproducing sector. While construction also advanced,
manufacturing was little changed. (See table B-4.)
Within the service-producing sector, employment in the
services industry increased sharply (200,000), following a
modest rise in January. Job gains were widespread, with
health and business services rising by 60,000 and 55,000,
respectively. Other industries with increases were retail trade,
which rose by 110,000 after seasonal adjustment, and wholesale trade. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed over the month, although the finance
component declined by 10,000; this drop represents the first
tangible impact on business payrolls of the October stock
market crash.
In the goods-producing sector, construction jobs rose by
105,000 after seasonal adjustment, following a substantial
decline in January. After showing large gains in the second
half of 1987, manufacturing jobs were up only slightly for
the second month in a row. Changes among the component
industries were all quite small. Since last June, manufacturing payrolls have added 400,000 jobs. Mining was about unchanged in February.

Civilian employment and the labor force
Weekly hours
Total civilian employment rose by 280,000 in February
to 114.4 million, seasonally adjusted, with almost the entire
gain taking place among adult men. The proportion of the
population with jobs was at a record 62.2 percent. Recent
employment growth has been particularly strong in executive, administrative, and managerial occupations. Over the
past year, employment in these occupations has accounted
for more than a third of the 3 million growth in total civilian
employment. (See tables A-33 and A-22.)
The civilian labor force grew to a level of 121.4 million
in February, seasonally adjusted, with the labor force participation rate edging up to 66.0 percent. Since last February, the labor force has grown by 2.0 million, with nearly




The average workweek for all production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased
0.2 hour in February to 34.9 hours, seasonally adjusted. By
contrast, the manufacturing workweek declined 0.2 hour to
40.9 hours, and factory overtime edged down 0.1 hour to
3.8 hours; both measures, however, were still relatively high
by historical standards. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose
by 1.0 percent to 123.5 (1977 = 100), seasonally adjusted.
The manufacturing index slipped to 95.3, reflecting the
decline in the factory workweek. (See table C-6.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers edged down by 0.2 percent in February, seasonally adjusted, while average weekly earnings rose
0.4 percent due to the increase in the workweek. Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings inched down
1 cent to $9.17, and average weekly earnings rose $1.49 to
$317.28. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

NOTE: The hours and earnings sections of this analysis
reflect corrections to the data subsequent to the issuance of
the Employment Situation News Release: February 1988

The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 176.5 (1977 = 100)




in February, seasonally adjusted, virtually unchanged from
January. For the 12 months ended in February, the increase
was 2.7 percent. In dollars of constant purchasing power,
the HEI decreased 1.0 percent during the 12-month period
ending in January. The HEI excludes the effects of two types
of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movementsfluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (See table C-7.)

(USDL 88-103), on March 4, 1988.

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and inemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

March

April 1

June

July 8

April

May 6

July

August 5

May

June 3

August

September 2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

.
..
..
„
..
..

110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601 .
1961 ..
19621 .
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 ..
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889

100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208

95,938

109,232

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

..
..
..
..
..

1985 ..
19861 .
1987 ..

86,355
88,847

91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826

97,030
96,125

97,450
101,685
103,971

106,434

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
February
March
April
May
June ...
July
August
September .
October
November ..
December ..

183,738
183,915
184,079
184,259
184,421
184,605
184,738
184,904
185,052
185,225
185,370

120,970
120,982
121,098
121,633
121,326
121,610
122,042
121,706
122,128
122,349
122,472

65.8
65.8
65.8
66.0
65.8
65.9
66.1
65.8
66.0
66.1
66.1

113,084
113,191
113,541
114,060
114,018
114,359
114,786
114,615
114,951
115,259
115,494

1,740
1,736
1,735
1,726
1,718
1,720
1,736
1,743
1,741
1,755
1,750

111,344
111,455
111,806
112,334
112,300
112,639
113,050
112,872
113,210
113,504
113,744

3,225
3,237
3,250
3,269
3,192
3,212
3,143
3,184
3,249
3,172
3,215

108,119
108,218
108,556
109,065
109,108
109,427
109,907
109,688
109,961
110,332
110,529

7,886
7,791
7,557
7,573
7,308
7,251
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978

6.5
6.4
6.2
6.2
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7

62,768
62,933
62,981
62,626
63,095
62,995
62,696
63,198
62,924
62,876
62,898

1988:
January
February

185,571
185,705

122,924
123,084

66.2
66.3

115,878
116,145

1,749
1,736

114,129
114,409

3,293
3,228

110,836
111,182

7,046
6,938

5.7
5.6

62,647
62,621

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date
(Numbers in thousands)

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Percent
of
population

Number

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1977
19781
1979

76,756
78,107
79,509

59,959
61,151
62,215

78.1
78.3
78.2

56,291
58,010
59,096

1,563
1,531
1,489

54,728
56,479
57,607

2,671
2,718
2,686

52,057
53,761
54,921

3,667
3,142
3,120

6.1
5.1
5.0

16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
February
March
April ..,
May
June ...
July
August
September
October
November
December

88,099
88,186
88,271
88,361
88,442
88,534
88,598
88,683
88,756
88,849
88,924

67,655
67,590
67,604
67,802
67,623
67,671
67,937
67,776
67,947
68,019
68,030

1988:
January
February

89,033
89,099

68,243
68,343

76.8
76.6
76.6
76.7
76.5
76.4
76.7
76.4
76.6
76.6
76.5

63,281
63,263
63,390
63,543
63,543
63,711
63,916
63,949
64,048
64,174
64,245

1,584
1,575
1,575
1,566
1,559
1,561
1,575
1,581
1,580
1,593
1,589

61,697
61,688
61,815
61,977
61,984
62,150
62,341
62,368
62,468
62,581
62,656

2,545
2,582
2,608
2,594
2,530
2,547
2,489
2,547
2,569
2,491
2,523

59,152
59,106
59,207
59,383
59,454
59,603
59,852
59,821
59,899
60,090
60,133

4,374
4,327
4,214
4,259
4,080
3,960
4,021
3,827
3,899
3,845
3,785

6.5
6.4
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6

20,444
20,596
20,667
20,559
20,819
20,863
20,661
20,907
20,809
20,830
20,894

76.6
76.7

64,396
64,636

1,588
1,577

62,808
63,059

2,593
2,510

60,216
60,548

3,847
3,707

5.6
5.4

20,790
20,756

I

Annual averages
WOMEN
1977
19781
1979

83,932
85,434
86,951

40,705
42,731
44,343

48.5
50.0
51.0

37,381
39,669
41,325

92
100
108

37,289
39,569
41,217

612
669
661

36,677
38,900
40,556

3,324
3,061
3,018

8.2
7.2
6.8

43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96.013

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
'< 42,686
I 42,376
1
42,195

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December .....

95,639
95,729
95,808
95,898
95,979
96,071
96,140
96,221
96,295
96,376
96,446

53,315
53,392
53,494
53,831
53,703
53,939
54,105
53,930
54,181
54,330
54,442

55.7
55.8
55.8
56.1
56.0
56.1
56.3
56.0
56.3
56.4
56.4

49,803
49,928
50,151
50,517
50,475
50,648
50,870
50,666
50,903
51,085
51,249

156
161
160
160
159
159
161
162
161
162
161

49,647
49,767
49,991
50,357
50,316
50,489
50,709
50,504
50,742
50,923
51,088

680
655
642
675
662
665
654
637
680
681
692

48,967
49,112
49,349
49,682
49,654
49,824
50,055
49,867
50,062
50,242
50,396

3,512
3,464
3,343
3,314
3,228
3,291
3,235
3,264
3,278
3,245
3,193

6.6
6.5
6.2
6.2
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9

42,324
42,337
42,314
42,067
42,276
42,132
42,035
42,291
42,114
42,046
42,004

1988:
January
February

96,538
96,606

54,681
54,740

56.6
56.7

51,482
51,509

161
159

51,321
51,350

700
717

50,621
50,633

3,200
3,231

5.9
5.9

41,857
41,866

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages
1954...
1955...
1956...
1957...
1958...
1959...

108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601 .
1961 ...
19621 .
1963...
1964...
1965...
1966...
1967 ...
1968..
1969...

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970...
1971 ...
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ...
1975...
1976...
1977 ...
19781 .
1979 ...

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980 ..
1981 ...
1982...
1983 ...
1984...
1985...
19861 .
1987...

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
February .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December,

181,998
182,179
182,344
182,533
182,703
182,885
183,002
183,161
183,311
183,470
183,620

119,230
119,246
119,363
119,907
119,608
119,890
120,306
119,963
120,387
120,594
120,722

65.5
65.5
65.5
65.7
65.5
65.6
65.7
65.5
65.7
65.7
65.7

111,344
111,455
111,806
112,334
112,300
112,639
113,050
112,872
113,210
113,504
113,744

7,886
7,791
7,557
7,573
7,308
7,251
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978

6.6
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.1
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8

6.6
6.6
6.4
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7

6.6
6.5
6.3
6.2
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9

1988:
January
February ...

183,822
183,969

121,175
121,348

65.9
66.0

114,129
114,409

7,046
6,938

5.8
5.7

5.8
5.6

5.9
5.9

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

February 1988
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ...
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

183,969
14,588
7,406
7,182
18,589
100,611
42,531
21,356
21,174
34,407
18,722
15,686
23,672
12,685
10,987
21,716
10,924
10,791
28,466
9,811
7,651
11,004

119,942
7,331
2,904
4,426
14,455
83,182
35,374
17,822
17,551
28,964
15,736
13,227
18,844
10,455
8,389
11,789
7,134
4,654
3,186
1,900
822
464

65.2
50.2
39.2
61.6
77.8
82.7
83.2
83.5
82.9
84.2
84.1
84.3
79.6
82.4
76.4
54.3
65.3
43.1
11.2
19.4
10.7
4.2

112,460
6,120
2,375
3,745
13,049
78,853
33,211
16,729
16,482
27,580
14,916
12,664
18,062
9,993
8,069
11,341
6,839
4,502
3,096
1,840
801
454

7,482
1,211
530
681
1,406
4,328
2,163
1,093
1,069
1,384
820
564
782
461
320
448
296
152
90
59
21
10

6.2
16.5
18.2
15.4
9.7
5.2
6.1
6.1
6.1
4.8
5.2
4.3
4.1
4.4
3.8
3.8
4.1
3.3
2.8
3.1
2.6
2.2

64,026
7,258
4,502
2,756
4,134
17,428
7,157
3,534
3,622
5,443
2,985
2,459
4,828
2,230
2,597
9,927
3,790
6,137
25,280
7,911
6,828
10,540

28,046
391
89
302
1,419
12,086
5,038
2,381
2,657
3,799
2,170
1,647
3,249
1,545
1,704
4,957
2,161
2,796
9,193
2,983
2,543
3,667

9,564
6,351
4,229
2,122
2,003
1,165
784
509
275
313
193
121
66
35
31
22
16
6
23
9
5
9

2,968
22
2
19
82
1,095
280
104
177
354
162
192
460
201
258
638
336
302
1,133
285
226
621

23,448
494
182
312
629
3,085
1,055
541
513
976
478
499
1,052
448
604
4,310
1,277
3,034
14,931
4,634
4,055
6,242

87,522
7,319
3,781
3,538
9,016
49,174
20,886
10,470
10,415
16,818
9,196
7,622
11,470
6,166
5,304
10,227
5,208
5,018
11,787
4,452
3,284
4,051

65,907
3,702
1,463
2,239
7,482
45,945
19,645
9,794
9,851
15,804
8,672
7,132
10,496
5,749
4,746
6,886
4,144
2,742
1,892
1,113
491
288

75.3
50.6
38.7
63.3
83.0
93.4
94.1
93.5
94.6
94.0
94.3
93.6
91.5
93.2
89.5
67.3
79.6
54.6
16.1
25.0
15.0
7.1

61,675
3,048
1,192
1,857
6,664
43,524
18,429
9,182
9,247
15,064
8,202
6,862
10,031
5,489
4,542
6,596
3,957
2,640
1,841
1,080
476
284

4,232
654
271
383
817
2,421
1,216
612
604
740
470
270
464
260
204
289
187
102
51
32
15
4

6.4
17.7
18.5
17.1
10.9
5.3
6.2
6.3
6.1
4.7
5.4
3.8
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.5
3.7
2.7
2.9
3.1
1.5

21,615
3,617
2,318
1,299
1,535
3,227
1,240
676
564
1,013
524
490
974
417
557
3,341
1,065
2,276
9,895
3,339
2,792
3,763

500
21
7
14
34
170
66
28
38
53
20
32
52
24
28
88
39
49
186
42
50
94

4,888
3,302
2,221
1,081
1,087
492
371
254
117
101
66
36
19
7
12
7
5
2

1,592
12
12
61
696
173
68
106
243
121
122
280
132
147
346
195
151
477
169
114
194

14,635
282
90
192
352
1,871
630
327
303
617
317
300
624
253
370
2,900
825
2,075
9,231
3,128
2,628
3,475

96,447
7,269
3,626
3,644
9,573
51,437
21,645
10,886
10,759
17,590
9,526
8,064
12,202
6,519
5,683
11,489
5,716
5,773
16,679
5,359
4,367
6,953

54,036
3,629
1,442
2,187
6,973
37,236
15,728
8,028
7,700
13,160
7,064
6,095
8,348
4,706
3,643
4,903
2,991
1,912
1,294
787
331
176

56.0
49.9
39.8
60.0
72.8
72.4
72.7
73.7
71.6
74.8
74.2
75.6
68.4
72.2
64.1
42.7
52.3
33.1
7.8
14.7
7.6
2.5

50,785
3,072
1,183
1,889
6,385
35,329
14,782
7,547
7,235
12,516
6,714
5,802
8,031
4,504
3,527
4,744
2,882
1,862
1,255
760
325
170

3,250
557
258
298
588
1,907
946
481
465
644
350
294
317
201
116
158
109
50
39
27
6
6

6.0
15.3
17.9
13.6
8.4
5.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.8
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.2
3.6
2.6
3.0
3.4
1.8
3.5

42,411
3,641
2,184
1,456
2,599
14,201
5,917
2,858
3,058
4,430
2,461
1,969
3,854
1,813
2,040
6,586
2,725
3,861
15,385
4,572
4,036
6,777

27,546
370
82
288
1,385
11,916
4,972
2,353
2,619
3,747
2,132
1,615
3,197
1,521
1,676
4,869
2,122
2,747
9,006
2,941
2,493
3,573

4,676
3,049
2,008
1,041
916
673
413
255
158
212
127
85
47
28
19
15
11
4
23
9
5
9

1,376
10
2
7
21
399
107
36
71
112
41
70
180
69
111
292
141
151
655
116
112
427

8,813
212
92
120
278
1,214
425
214
210
360
161
199
429
195
234
1,410
451
959
5,700
1,506
1,427
2,767

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

157,773
11,885
6,005
5,880
15,459
85,742
35,826
17,932
17,894
29,531
15,913
13,617
20,385
10,910
9,475
19,095
9,528
9,567
25,591
8,746
6,891
9,955

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

103,398
6,381
2,559
3,822
12,305
71,426
30,095
15,139
14,956
25,016
13,451
11,565
16,314
9,049
7,266
10,442
6,293
4,149
2,844
1,683
740
422

65.5
53.7
42.6
65.0
79.6
83.3
84.0
84.4
83.6
84.7
84.5
84.9
80.0
82.9
76.7
54.7
66.0
43.4
11.1
19.2
10.7
4.2

97,819
5,488
2,151
3,337
11,304
68,187
28,551
14,354
14,198
23,931
12,814
11,117
15,705
8,688
7,017
10,065
6,050
4,015
2,775
1,636
721
417

5,579
893
408
485
1,000
3,240
1,544
785
759
1,086
638
448
609
361
249
377
243
134
70
46
18
5

5.4
14.0
16.0
12.7
8.1
4.5
5.1
5.2
5.1
4.3
7.6
3.9
3.7
4.0
5.0
3.6
3.9
3.2
2.4
2.7
2.4
1.2

54,375
5,504
3,446
2,057
3,155
14,316
5,731
2,793
2,938
4,514
2,462
2,052
4,071
1,861
2,210
8,653
3,235
5,418
22,747
7,063
6,150
9,534

24,527
304
75
228
1,098
10,319
4,178
1,958
2,219
3,298
1,847
1,446
2,843
1,343
1,532
4,408
1,896
2,512
8,398
2,701
2,312
3,385

7,311
4,843
3,227
1,616
1,578
851
585
384
201
215
132
82
51
27
24
19
13
6
21
7
5
9

2,220
15
1
14
65
789
198
76
123
249
117
131
343
157
186
472
246
227
878
206
174
498

20,317
343
144
199
415
2,357
770
375
394
753
368
385
834
339
495
3,754
1,080
2,673
13,449
4,149
3,658
5,642

75,626
5,984
3,072
2,912
7,557
42,421
17,841
8,905
8,936
14,597
7,890
6,706
9,983
5,359
4,624
9,043
4,570
4,473
10,622
3,991
2,973
3,658

57,506
3,238
1,287
1,951
6,371
40,025
16,957
8,437
8,520
13,863
7,511
6,352
9,205
5,041
4,164
6,166
3,692
2,474
1,706
991
447
269

76.0
54.1
41.9
67.0
84.3
94.4
95.0
94.7
95.3
95.0
95.2
94.7
92.2
94.1
90.1
68.2
80.8
55.3
16.1
24.8
15.0
7.4

54,310
2,759
1,070
1,689
5,797
38,173
16,036
7,969
8,068
13,291
7,150
6,141
8,846
4,837
4,009
5,911
3,532
2,379
1,670
969
434
266

3,196
479
217
262
573
1,853
921
468
453
573
362
211
359
204
155
254
159
95
37
21
12
3

5.6
14.8
16.9
13.4
9.0
4.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
4.1
4.8
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.7
4.1
4.3
3.8
2.1
2.1
2.7
1.0

18,120
2,747
1,785
961
1,186
2,395
884
468
416
733
379
354
778
318
460
2,877
878
1,999
8,915
3,000
2,525
3,390

382
13
5
8
18
125
41
19
22
49
18
31
35
14
21
66
27
39
160
32
40
88

3,749
2,520
1,706
815
877
348
270
183
87
61
41
20
17
8
10
4
2
2

1,237
6

52
518
123
47
76
167
86
81
228
102
126
271
151
120
390
134
93
163

12,752
207
75
132
239
1,404
450
219
230
456
233
223
498
195
303
2,537
698
1,838
8,365
2,834
2,392
3,139

82,146
5,901
2,933
2,967
7,903
43,321
17,985
9,027
8,958
14,934
8,023
6,911
10,402
5,551
4,851
10,052
4,958
5,094
14,970
4,755
3,918
6,297

45,892
3,143
1,272
1,871
5,934
31,401
13,138
6,702
6,436
11,153
5,940
5,213
7,109
4,008
3,102
4,276
2,601
1,675
1,138
692
293
153

55.9
53.3
43.4
63.1
75.1
72.5
73.1
74.2
71.8
74.7
74.0
75.4
68.3
72.2
63.9
42.5
52.5
32.9
7.6
14.6
7.5
2.4

43,509
2,729
1,081
1,648
5,507
30,014
12,515
6,385
6,130
10,640
5,664
4,976
6,859
3,851
3,008
4,154
2,517
1,637
1,105
667
287
151

2,383
414
191
223
427
1,387
623
317
306
513
276
237
251
157
94
122
84
38
33
25
6
2

5.2
13.2
15.0
11.9
7.2
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.5
3.5
3.9
3.0
2.9
3.2
2.3
2.9
3.6
2.0
1.3

36,255
2,757
1,661
1,096
1,969
11,921
4,847
2,325
2,522
3,781
2,083
1,698
3,293
1,543
1,750
5,776
2,357
3,419
13,832
4,063
3,625
6,144

24,145
290
70
220
1,080
10,194
4,136
1,939
2,197
3,249
1,826
1,423
2,809
1,326
1,483
4,342
1,869
2,473
8,238
2,669
2,272
3,297

3,562
2,322
1,521
801
701
503
315
201
114
154
91
62
34
19
14
15
11
4
21
7
5
9

982
8
1
8
13
271
75
29
47
81
31
50
115
55
60
201
95
106
489
72
81
335

7,565
136
69
67
175
953
320
156
164
297
135
162
336
144
192
1,217
382
835
5,084
1,315
1,266
2,503

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years .....
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years .....
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .

10




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988

Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years ....,
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ..
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years ......
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over .

1,677
1,218
827
391
293
164
96
56
40
55
31
25
13
9
4
2
2

20,569
2,173
1,133
1,039
2,545
11,361
5,202
2,667
2,536
3,658
2,095
1,564
2,501
1,329
1,171
2,107
1,101
1,006
2,383
871
1,512

12,965
757
267
490
1,776
9,066
4,191
2,152
2,040
2,960
1,709
1,252
1,915
1,056
859
1,090
662
428
276
176
100

63.0
34.8
23.6
47.1
69.8
79.8
80.6
80.7
80.4
80.9
81.6
80.1
76.6
79.5
73.4
51.7
60.2
42.5
11.6
20.2
6.6

11,288
473
164
309
1,417
8,113
3,633
1,868
1,765
2,707
1,557
1,150
1,773
971
802
1,026
613
414
258
166
93

1,678
284
103
181
359
952
558
284
275
253
152
102
142
85
57
64
50
14
18
11
7

12.9
37.5
38.5
36.9
20.2
10.5
13.3
13.2
13.5
8.5
8.9
8.1
7.4
8.0
6.6
5.9
7.5
3.3
6.5
6.3
7.0

7,603
1,416
866
550
769
2,296
1,011
515
496
698
386
312
586
274
313
1,017
438
578
2,107
695
1,412

2,645
66
10
56
276
1,259
600
295
304
358

9,230
1,069
571
498
1,158
5,092
2,351
1,206
1,146
1,630
934
696
1,111
591
520
949
498
451
962
380
582

6,457
363
131
232
915
4,459
2,095
1,065
1,030
1,409
827
582
956
514
442
566
343
223
154
99
55

70.0
34.0
23.0
46.5
79.0
87.6
89.1
88.3
89.9
86.4
88.6
83.6
86.0
87.0
84.9
59.6
68.8
49.5
16.0
26.1
9.4

5,560
207
87
700
3,977
1,832
933
899
1,272
740
532
873
469
404
533
316
218
141
90
52

898
156
44
112
215
481
263
132
131
136
87
50
83
45
38
33
27
6
13
10
3

13.9
42.9
33.5
48.2
23.5
10.8
12.5
12.4
12.7
9.7
10.5
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.6
5.7
7.8
2.6
8.2
9.6
(1)

2,773
706
440
266
243
634
256
141
116
221
107
114
156
77
79
383
155
228
808
281
527

93
6
3
3
10
41
24
7
16
3
2
2
14
7
7
15
7
9
21
6
15

814
632
427
205
133
47
33
25
9
14
7
8

11,338
1,104
562
541
1,387
6,269
2,851
1,461
1,390
2,028
1,161
868
1,390
738
651
1,158
603
555
1,421
491
930

6,508
394
136
258
861
4,607
2,096
1,087
1,010
1,551
882
670
959
542
417
524
320
204
122
77
45

57.4
35.7
24.2
47.6
62.1
73.5
73.5
74.4
72.7
76.5
75.9
77.2
69.0
73.4
64.1
45.3
53.0
36.8
8.6
15.7
4.9

5,728
266
77
189
717
4,136
1,801
935
866
1,435
817
618
900
502
398
493
297
196
117
76
41

780
128
59
69
144
471
295
152
144
117
65
52
59
40
19
31
23
8

12.0
32.5
43.4
26.8
16.8
10.2
14.1
14.0
14.2
7.5
7.3
7.7
6.2
7.4

4,830
710
426
284
526
1,662
754
374
380
477
279
198
431
197
234
634
283
351
1,299
414
885

2,552
60
7
53
266
1,218
576
288
288
355
225
130
287
139
148
392
191
200
616
211
406

862
586
400
186
160
117
63
31
31
41
24
17
13
9
4

227
132
301
146
155
407
198
209
637
217
421

678
7
1
6
14
278

79
28
51
93
36
57
106
38
69
146
74
72
233
71
162

2,604
125
28
97
186
594
236
135
100
192
94
98
166
81
85
462
164
298
1,237
408
829

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years ......
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years ......
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over .,

120

2
2

320
6
6
7
158
48
20
28
66
28
38
44
26
19
70
42
29
79
32
46

1,547
63
11
52
94
386
152
88
63
137
71
66
97
44
53
295
105
191
709
243
466

Women
16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years ........
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ..

5
1
4

4.5
6.0
7.2
4.1
4.5
1.7

O

358
1
1
7
120
31
8
23
27
8
19
62
12

50
76
33
43
154
39
116

1,057
62
17
45
92
208
84
47
37
55
23
32
69

37
32
167
59
107
528
165
363

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
Civilian labor force
Civilian

Age and sex

Unemployed

Employed

noninsti"
tutional
population

Total

26,196
2,703
1,401
1,302
3,130
14,868
6,705
3,424
3,281
4,877
2,808
2,069
3,287
1,775
1,512
2,621
1,396
1,225
2,875
1,066
760
1,049

16,544
949
345
604
2,150
11,757
5,279
2,683
1,401
3,948
2,286
1,662
2,530
1,406
1,124
1,347
842
505
342
217
81
43

63.2
35.1
24.7
46.4
68.7
79.1
78.7
78.4
42.7
81.0
81.4
80.3
77.0
79.2
74.3
51.4
60.3
41.3
11.9
20.4
10.7
4.1

14,641
632
224
408
1,745
10,667
4,660
2,375
2,286
3,649
2,102
1,546
2,358
1,306
1,052
1,276
789
487
321
204
80
37

166
4

11,896
1,335
709
626
1,459
6,753
3,045
1,565
1,480
2,221
1,305
916
1,487
807
680
1,184
639
545
1,165
462
311
393

8,401
464
176
288
1,111
5,920
2]688
1,357
1,331
1,941
1J61
780
1,291
708
583
720
452
268
186
122
43
20

70.6
34.8
24.9
46.0
76.1
87.7
88.3
86.7
90.0
87.4
88.9
85.2
86.8
87.8
85.7
60.8
70.8
49.2
15.9
26.5
13.8
5.1

7,364
289
122
167
867
5,352
2^93
1,213
1,180
1,774
1,052
721
1,185
652
533
685
424
261
171
111
42
18

144
4

14,301
1,368
692
676
1,670
8,115
3,660
1,859
1,801
2,655
1,503
1,153
1,800
968
832
1,437
758
679
1,709
604
449
656

8,144
485
169
316
1,039
5,837
2,590
1,326
1,264
2,007
1,125
882
1,239
698
541
627
389
237
156
95
38
23

56.9
35.5
24.4
46.7
62.2
71.9
70.8
71.3
70.2
75.6
74.8
76.5
68.8
72.1
65.1
43.6
51.4
34.9
9.1
15.7
8.5
3.5

7,277
343
102
240
878
5,315
2,267
1,162
1,106
1,875
1,050
825
1,172
654
519
590
365
226
150
93
38
19

22
_

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Not in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

14,474
628
224
404
1,730
10,573
4,612
2,350
2,262
3,626
2,092
1,535
2,336
1,300
1,035
1,250
770
480
293
191
64
37

1,904
318
121
196
405
1,089
618
308
309
298
183
115
172
100
72
71
53
18
21
13
1
6

11.5
33.4
35.2
32.5
18.8
9.3
11.7
11.5
22.1
7.6
8.0
6.9
6.8
7.1
6.4
5.3
6.3
3.6
6.1
6.0
1.2
(1)

9,652
1,754
1,055
698
979
3,113
1,426
741
684
929
523
407
757
368
388
1,274
555
719
2,533
848
678
1,006

7,220
285
122
164
857
5,270
2,348
1,189
1,159
1,756
1,046
711
1,166
646
520
662
408
254
145
98
29
18

1,037
175
54
120
244
568
295
144
151
167
108
59
105
56
49
35
28
7
15
11
1
2

12.3
37.7
30.9
41.9
22.0
9.6
11.0
10.6
11.4
8.6
9.3
7.5
8.2
7.9
8.5
4.9
6.2
2.6
7.9
9.2

0

3,495
871
532
338
349
833
357
208
148
280
145
136
196
98
97
463
186
277
980
339
267
373

7,255
343
102
241
873
5,303
2,264
1,161
1,103
1,870
1,046
824
1,169
654
515
588
362
226
147
93
35
19

867
143
67
76
161
521
323
164
158
131
75
56
67
44
23
36
25
11
6
2

10.6
29.4
39.7
23.9
15.5
8.9
12.5
12.4
12.5
6.5
6.6
6.4
5.4
6.4
4.2
5.8
6.3
4.8
3.9
1.8
1
()
(1)

6,157
883
523
360
631
2,280
1,070
533
536
649
378
271
561
270
291
811
368
442
1,553
509
411
633

Nonagricultural
industries

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years .. ,
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ..
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ..
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ..
50 to 54 years ..
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ..
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years .. ..
70 to 74 years
75 years and over..

...

. ...

3
15
92
48
24
24
23
11
13
22
6
16
26
18
7
29
13
16

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years .........
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years .. .......
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ..
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ..
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years ..
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

...
...

...

4
10
81
45
24
21
17
7
11
19
6
13
23
16
7
26
13
13

(1)

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
. .
18 to 19 years ..
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
. .
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years ..
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years . . . . .
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years .
45 to 49 years ..
50 to 54 years ..
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ..
60 to 64 years
65 years and over .
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

.

.

.

.

.

...
...

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12




5
11
3
3
5
4
2
3
3
3
3
_
3
_
3

4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Men, 20 >/ears and
over

To ta|
Employment status and
race

W o m e n , 2C) years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

181,998
117,967
64.8
109,464
2,764
106,700
8,503
7.2
64,031

183,969
119,942
65.2
112,460
2,760
109,700
7,482
6.2
64,026

79,216
61,548
77.7
57,356
2,061
55,296
4,192
6.8
17,668

80,203
62,205
77.6
58,626
2,027
56,599
3,578
5.8
17,998

88,237
49,148
55.7
46,232
535
45,697
2,916
5.9
39,089

89,178
50,407
56.5
47,714
552
47,162
2,693
5.3
38,771

14,546
7,271
50.0
5,875
168
5,707
1,396
19.2
7,275

14,588
7,331
50.2
6,120
181
5,939
1,211
16.5
7,258

156,431
101,809
65.1
95,377
2,611
92,766
6,432
6.3
54,622

157,773
103,398
65.5
97,819
2,594
95,226
5,579
5.4
54,375

68,922
53,840
78.1
50,540
1,934
48,606
3,300
6.1
15,083

69,642
54,268
77.9
51,551
1,887
49,665
2,717
5.0
15,374

75,599
41,639
55.1
39,576
513
39,064
2,062
5.0
33,960

76,246
42,748
56.1
40,780
529
40,250
1,969
4.6
33,497

11,910
6,330
53.2
5,261
164
5,097
1,070
16.9
5,579

11,885
6,381
53.7
5,488
177
5,311
893
14.0
5,504

20,218
12,696
62.8
10,872
113
10,759
1,824
14.4
7,522

20,569
12,965
63.0
11,288
134
11,154
1,678
12.9
7,603

8,009
5,927
74.0
5,166
94
5,073
761
12.8
2,082

8,161
6,094
74.7
5,352
120
5,233
742
12.2
2,067

10,061
5,991
59.5
5,218
15
5,202
773
12.9
4,069

10,235
6,114
59.7
5,462
12
5,450
652
10.7
4,120

2,148
778
36.2
488
4
484
290
37.2
1,370

2,173
757
34.8
473
2
472
284
37.5
1,416

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population .,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

February 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed
Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,849
11,063
4,787

7,532
4,711
2,821

47.5
42.6
58.9

6,620
4,009
2,612

1,155
352
803

5,465
3,656
1,809

912
703
209

114
53
60

798
649
149

12.1
14.9
7.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

8,517
7,333
6,269
1,064

3,430
4,102
3,146
956

40.3
55.9
50.2
89.9

2,848
3,772
2,871
901

164
991
364
627

2,684
2,781
2,507
274

582
330
275
55

42
72
32
40

540
258
243
15

17.0
8.0
8.7
5.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,108
5,674
2,433

3,729
2,368
1,361

46.0
41.7
55.9

3,239
1,985
1,255

569
184
385

2,671
1,801
870

490
383
106

73
29
45

416
354
62

13.1
16.2
7.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,496
3,612
3,140
472

1,795
1,933
1,504
430

39.9
53.5
47.9
91.0

1,474
1,765
1,371
395

100
469
193
275

1,374
1,296
1,177
119

321
168
133
35

26
48
15
32

296
120
118
3

17.9
8.7
8.8
8.2

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,742
5,389
2,353

3,803
2,343
1,460

49.1
43.5
62.0

3,381
2,024
1,357

586
168
418

2,795
1,856
939

422
319
103

40
24
16

382
295
87

11.1
13.6
7.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,021
3,721
3,129
592

1,635
2,168
1,642
526

40.7
58.3
52.5
88.9

1,374
2,006
1,500
506

64
522
170
351

1,310
1,485
1,330
155

261
162
142
20

16
24
17
7

245
137
125
12

15.9
7.5
8.6
3.8

13,023
8,997
4,027

6,599
4,1^6
2,464

50.7
46.0
61.2

5,918
3,618
2,300

1,007
308
699

4,911
3,311
1,601

681
518
164

82
36
46

599
482
118

10.3
12.5
6.6

Men
Women

6,664
6,360

3,263
3,336

49.0
52.5

2,892
3,027

514
493

2,378
2,533

372
309

60
22

312
287

11.4
9.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,796
6,227
5,321
906

2,993
3,606
2,780
826

44.0
57.9
52.3
91.1

2,565
3,353
2,578
775

140
867
322
545

2,425
2,486
2,256
230

428
253*
202
51

29
53
16
37

399
200
186
14

14.3
7.0
7.3
6.2

2,127
1,631
496

664
437
227

31.2
26.8
45.9

463
272
192

105
31
74

358
241
117

201
165
36

30
17
13

171
148
23

30.2
37.8
15.8

Men
Women

1,078
1,050

329
335

30.6
31.9

226
237

39
66

187
171

103
97

12
18

91
80

31.4
29.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,405
722
607
115

348
316
227
89

24.8
43.8
37.4
77.3

215
249
164
85

22
83
29
54

193
165
135
31

134
67
63
4

13
17
14
2

120
50
49

• 38.3

1

21.3
27.9
4.4

1,201
863
338

501
280
221

41.7
32.4
65.6

405
221
184

101
29
72

304
192
112

96
59
38

21
5
16

75
54
22

19.2
21.0
17.0

Men
Women

584
617

226
276

38.6
44.7

179
226

51
50

128
176

47
50

16
5

31
45

20.7
18.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

727
474
362
112

211
290
197
93

29.1
61.2
54.3
83.4

156
249
178
72

21
79
31
49

134
170
147
23

56
41
19
22

4
17
1
16

51
24
18
6

26.3
14.0
9.7
23.2

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
17,328
3,525
13,802

14,253
2,619
11,634

82.3
74.3
84.3

12,549
2,111
10,438

10,700
1,593
9,107

1,849
518
1,331

1,704
508
1,196

1,546
447
1,098

158
61
98

12.0
19.4
10.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,106
9,013
2,698
1,510

2,663
7,660
2,472
1,458

64.8
85.0
91.7
96.5

2,063
6,798
2,313
1,376

1,627
5,760
2,022
1,291

435
1,037
291
86

600
863
160
81

541
785
137
82

59
77
23

22.5
11.3
6.5
5.6

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,228
1,645
6,583

7,455
1,334
6,121

90.6
81.1
93.0

6,473
1,063
5,410

5,769
863
4,906

705
201
504

981
271
711

923
253
670

59
18
41

13.2
20.3
11.6

2,098
4,290
1,153
688

1,695
3,997
1,093
669

80.8
93.2
94.9
97.3

1,323
3,508
1,014
629

1,100
3,146
927
596

223
362
86
33

372
489
79
40

351
464
67
40

21
25
12

22.0
12.2
7.3
6.0

9,100
1,880
7,220

6,799
1,285
5,513

74.7
68.4
76.4

6,076
1,048
5,028

4,931
731
4,201

1,145
317
827

723
237
485

623
194
429

100
43
57

10.6
18.5
8.8

2,009
4,723
1,545
823

968
3,663
1,379
788

48.2
77.6
89.3
95.8

740
3,290
1,299
748

528
2,614
1,095
695

212
675
204
53

228
373
80
41

191
321
70
41

37
53
10

23.6
10.2
5.8
5.2

14,321
2,889
11,432

12,086
2,245
9,841

84.4
77.7
86.1

10,874
1,870
9,004

9,370
1,429
7,942

1,504
441
1,063

1,212
375
837

1,087
331
755

126
44
81

10.0
16.7
8.5

Men
Women

6,878
7,443

6,345
5,741

92.3
77.1

5,665
5,209

5,106
4,264

558
946

681
532

624
462

56
69

10.7
9.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,245
7,465
2,251
1,360

2,205
6,490
2,075
1,317

67.9
86.9
92.2
96.8

1,787
5,869
1,966
1,252

1,436
5,022
1,743
1,171

351
847
224
82

418
621
109
65

367
561
93
65

51
60
16

19.0
9.6
5.2
4.9

2,590
541
2,049

1,869
320
1,549

72.1
59.2
75.6

1,427
201
1,225

1,134
132
1,003

292
70
223

442
119
323

412
102
310

30
16
14

23.7
37.1
20.9

Men
Women

1,150
1,441

949
920

82.5
63.9

682
745

562
572

120
173

267
175

265
148

2
27

28.2
19.0

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

771
1,343
364
113

415
1,022
324
108

53.8
76.1
89.0
95.5

239
808
281
99

163
643
233
96

75
166
48
3

176
214
43

168
199
37

8
15

42.5
20.9
13.4
8.1

2,054
484
1,570

1,611
337
1,274

78.4
69.5
81.2

1,408
275
1,133

1,193
204
989

215
70
145

203
62
140

186
59
127

17
4
13

12.6
18.4
11.0

1,056
998

962
649

91.1
65.0

837
571

734
459

103
112

125
77

116
70

9
7

13.0
11.9

917
865
207
66

660
708
185
57

72.0
81.9
89.4

546
634
175
53

449
528
162
53

97
106
12

114
74
10
4

104
72
7
4

11
2
4

17.3
10.4
5.6

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,804
6,275
1,007
2,781
2,487
1,529

7,877
6,033
781
2,329
2,923
1,844

7,189
5,986
943
2,664
2,379
1,203

7,243
5,724
732
2,223
2,769
1,519

6,809
5,660
863
2,522
2,275
1,149

6,881
5,433
688
2,082
2,663
1,448

380
326
80
142
104
54

362
291
44
141
106
71

5.3
5.4
8.5
5.3
4.4
4.5

5.0
5.1
6.0
6.3
3.8
4.7

19,078
8,728
6,026
4,324

20,071
9,001
6,637
4,433

18,053
8,293
5,707
4,053

18,873
8,529
6,223
4,121

16,966
7,743
5,384
3,839

17,905
8,027
5,901
3,977

1,087
550
323
214

968
502
322
144

6.0
6.6
5.7
5.3

5.1
5.9
5.2
3.5

NONVETERANS

Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
February 1988
Employed

Unemployed

Full time

Part time

Sex, age, and race
Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

5,990
501
101
399
5,490
1,159
4,330
3,903
427

1,492
710
428
282
782
247
536
425
111

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .

92,353
1,946
209
1,737
90,407
9,910
80,497
69,554
10,944

90,438
1,860
200
1,660
88,578
9,574
79,004
68,283
10,721

1,915
86
9
77
1,829
336
1,493
1,271
223

20,107
4,174
2,165
2,009
15,932
3,140

16,645
3,815
2,107
1,708
12,830
2,452

12,793
9,300
3,493

10,379
7,271
3,108

3,462
359
58
301
3,102
688
2,414
2,029
385

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

54,943
1,047
53,897
5,291
48,607
41,614
6,993

53,753
1,000
52,753
5,081
47,673
40,821
6,852

1,190
47
1,144
210
934
793
141

6,731
2,001
4,730
1,373
3,356
1,912
1,444

5,284
1,851
3,433
1,036
2,396
1,123
1,273

1,447
150
1,297
337
960
789
171

3,609
282
3,327
714
2,613
2,320
292

623
372
251
103
148
100
48

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
.'
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

37,410
899
36,511
4,619
31,893
27,942
3,952

36,685
860
35,825
4,493
31,333
27,463
3,870

725
39
686
126
560
479
82

13,375
2,173
11,203
1,766
9,436
7,388
2,049

11,361
1,964
9,398
1,415
7,982
6,148
1,835

2,014
209
1,805
351
1,454
1,240
214

2,381
219
2,163
444
1,718
1,584
134

869
338
531
144
386
323
63

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .

48,490
974
47,516
4,646
42,871
36,579
6,292

47,455
928
46,527
4,462
42,065
35,893
6,172

1,035
46
989
184
806
686
120

5,821
1,785
4,035
1,151
2,883
1,594
1,290

4,635
1,650
2,984
888
2,096
954
1,143

1,186
135
1,051
263
787
640
147

2,708
199
2,509
485
2,023
1,773
250

488
280
208
89
119
79
40

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .

31,496
762
30,733
3,995
26,738
23,292
3,446

30,942
729
30,212
3,893
26,319
22,943
3,376

554
33
521
102
419
349
70

12,014
1,967
10,046
1,511
8,535
6,722
1,813

10,369
1,796
8,573
1,237
7,336
5,693
1,643

1,645
171
1,473
274
1,199
1,029
170

1,708
168
1,540
317
1,223
1,121
102

675
246
429
110
319
266
53

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,902
53
4,849
548
4,301
3,755
546

4,775
53
4,722
533
4,190
3,665
525

127
127
15
111
90
21

658
155
503
152
352
223
129

440
140
300
90
211
103
108

218
15
203
62
141
120
21

780
73
707
204
504
464
40

117
83
34
11
24
19
5

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

4,708
109
4,599
529
4,071
3,660
411

4,574
104
4,470
514
3,956
3,555
401

134
5
129
15
115
105
10

1,020
156
864
188
675
476
199

710
123
587
121
466
307
159

310
33
277
67
209
169
40

621
47
574
119
455
426
29

160
81
78
26
52
44
8

White

Black

55 years and over

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

97,004

65.6

90,991

6,013

6.2

50,969

22,828

8,748

2,126

17,267

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,718
25,194
1,079
13,446

78.3
91.7
92.5
60.9

38,180
24,281
962
12,937

1,539
913
117
509

3.9
3.6
10.8
3.8

10,991
2,273
88
8,630

175
53
3
119

227
138
3
86

825
298
18
508

9,765
1,785
63
7,917

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

28,633
25,243
1,030
2,361

56.5
66.1
66.9
21.5

27,467
24,281
913
2,273

1,166
962
117
88

4.1
3.8
11.3
3.7

22,076
12,937
509
8,630

18,035
11,595
446
5,994

333
282
12
39

332
122
15
195

3,377
938
36
2,402

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,817
4,688
4,774
3,355

61.2
49.5
75.2
65.9

11,346
4,068
4,259
3,019

1,471
620
515
336

11.5
13.2
10.8
10.0

8,109
4,792
1,578
1,739

753
93
111
549

5,788
4,447
1,224
117

277
13
38
226

1,291
240
205
846

Women who maintain families

6,579

61.5

6,004

575

8.7

4,126

2,766

229

236

895

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,471
1,349
1,548
2,574

58.4
44.5
73.6
60.7

4,551
984
1,277
2,290

920
365
271
284

16.8
27.1
17.5
11.0

3,902
1,681
555
1,666

714
78
121
515

1,784
1,440
263
81

301
8
21
272

1,102
156
150
796

Men who maintain families

2,050

74.7

1,903

147

7.2

695

41

44

87

523

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,735
325
448
962

61.9
53.9
78.1
59.1

1,540
254
409
877

195
71
39
85

11.3
21.9
8.7
8.8

1,070
278
125
667

344
19
16
309

343
235
76
32

3
65

315
24
30
261

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,976
2,058

4,232
1,702
577
1,954

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,921
441
1,724

3,196
1,425
431
1,340

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

909
230
138
541

898
215
129
553

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,171
1,850
560
761

2,761

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,510

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




598
2,320
1,756

Women
Unemployment
rates
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

7.6
5.0

6.4
4.1
8.6

9.1
13.4

6.9
4.7
8.0
11.9

14.4
7.4

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

3,527
1,454
724
1,349

3,250
1,285
726

6.7
5.0
7.1
10.1

6.0
4.3
6.9
9.0

5.6
3.8
7.7
9.1

2,511
1,192

2,383
1,073

492
827

529
781

5.6
4.6
6.0
7.7

5.2
4.1
6.3
7.0

13.9

915
213
209
494

780
166
186
428

14.3
8.8
11.9
22.2

12.0
6.9
18.9

2,105
1,062

669
373

5.3
4.5
6.6
6.5

4.8
3.9
6.7
6.2

11.1

6.8
13.3

1,240

10.1

14.8
23.9

23.9

5.9
4.7
8.8
9.6

5.0
3.9
8.3
8.1

2,210

1,542
540
680

1,576
412
522

2,143
1,287
408
447

5.3
4.5
7.8
8.1

4.5
3.6
7.5
6.5

1,596
994
421
181

1,542
886
482
174

4.5
4.2
5.4
4.3

4.2
3.7
6.0
3.8

552
207
128
216

527
198
120
209

11.0

10.2
6.5
12.5
17.7

539
170
197
173

508
140
176
192

10.6
7.7

9.7
6.3

11.6
14.6

9.9
15.3

6.9
14.0

19.2

1,208
640
362

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
MOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12.

Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates
Total
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

7,482

7.2

6.2

7.6

6.4

6.7

6.0

694
360
334

586
348
238

2.5
2.8
2.2

2.0
2.5
1.6

2.5
2.6
2.3

2.1
2.6
1.5

2.5
3.0
2.2

1.9
2.3
1.7

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Adrrunistrative support, including clerical

1,680
135
754
791

1,502
113
648
741

4.6
4.1
5.4
4.2

4.1
3.2
4.6
3.9

4.2
4.9
3.9
4.6

3.3
2.8
2.9
4.2

4.9
3.3
7.1
4.1

4.5
3.7
6.4
3.8

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,373
71
90

8.5
7.2
4.6
9.1

8.0
7.0
4.3
8.6

8.2

1,213

1,311
67
85
1,158

7.8
7.0
8.5
7.9

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,135
215
656
264

993
197
572
223

7.9
4.6
12.0
6.2

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

2,318
960
515
844
235
609

1,977
756
451
770
254
515

Farming, forestry, and fishing

333

299

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

921
607
169
144

782
502
164
115

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




8,503

\

Feb.
1988

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Feb.
1988

Women

Feb.
1987

Total, 16 years and over

Feb.
1987

Men

Feb.
1988

O

O

3.8
9.5

3.6
9.8

8.8
6.7
9.3
9.0

6.9
4.1
10.8
5.2

7.9
4.6
11.9
5.8

6.8
3.9
10.8
4.6

8.4
4.6
21.8
7.6

7.9
10.4
11.4
7.1

12.1
11.1
10.1
15.6
29.5
13.2

10.3
8.7
8.8
14.3
27.1
11.6

12.1
10.6
10.2
15.8
29.9
12.9

10.3
8.0
8.8
14.6
26.8
11.4

12.1
11.9
8.4
14.9

10.2
9.7
8.8
12.7

10.5

9.5

10.6

9.2

10.0

8.0

0
14.9

O
12.2
10.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total

Unemployment rates

Men

Total
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

7,482

7.2

6.2

7.6

6,504

5,782

7.4

6.4

123
995

71
956

14.1
16.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
.....
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,577
913
87
61
43
86
122
161
124
150
90
60
34
44
663
207
48
144
29
80
65
57
34

1,322
810
77
49
46
37
113
107
150
174
106
69
28
29
512
184
44
109
16
77
29
39
16

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

291
216
76
1,836
292
1,544
249
1,433
555
878
255
823
921

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




Women
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

6.4

6.7

6.0

7.9

6.8

6.8

6.0

8.5
15.8

15.6
17.5

8.9
16.6

4.6
9.4

6.7
8.0

7.3
7.1
11.9
9.3
7.1
9.6
8.9
6.5
5.5
5.6
7.4
4.1
5.0
8.3
7.6
11.1
6.4
11.1
3.8
4.7
5.2
8.0
9.0

6.1
6.3
10.3
7.9
7.6
4.7
7.9
4.2
6.9
6.3
8.3
4.7
4.4
5.2
5.8
10.3
5.9
8.7
2.1
4.2
2.2
4.9
4.5

6.5
6.7
12.4
7.0
6.5
8.6
8.1
6.1
5.1
5.1
6.0
4.3
5.7
8.0
6.3
9.3
5.9
8.4
4.2
4.5
4.5
7.6
5.1

5.6
6.0
11.0
7.9
8.3
4.5
8.3
4.4
5.4
5.7
7.3
4.2
2.9
4.1
4.8
9.6
4.0
8.7
2.0
2.9
1.8
4.1
3.2

8.8
8.1
9.3
14.6
9.3
15.1
11.7
7.8
6.1
7.3
13.0
3.2
4.0
8.3
9.5
15.0
7.0
12.0
2.6
4.9
6.8
8.9
15.7

7.2
7.0
6.2
8.0
4.8
6.3
6.7
3.7
8.9
8.6
12.5
5.8
6.5
6.3
7.3
11.9
8.0
8.7
2.6
5.9
3.2
6.3
6.0

269
224
45
1,628
207
1,421
248
1,287
467
820

4.7
6.1
2.9
8.1
6.5
8.5
3.6
6.0
4.1
8.5

4.2
6.0
1.6
7.2
4.7
7.8
3.4
5.2
3.3
7.6

5.0
6.4
2.7
7.5
6.1
7.9
3.7
6.8
4.2
9.1

4.6
6.4
1.8
6.3
4.3
6.9
2.9
5.6
3.2
7.6

4.1
4.9
3.2
8.7
7.4
8.9
3.6
5.5
4.1
8.0

3.0
4.8
1.3
8.1
5.5
8.5
3.7
4.9
3.4
7.6

243
677
782

15.6
3.0
_

14.7
2.4
_

15.9
3.3

14.0
2.6

14.5
2.7
_

17.1
2.2

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

8,503

Feb.
1988

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

8,503
4,469
1,335
3,134
1,058
2,058
918

7,482
3,739
1,181
2,558
988
1,974
782

4,192
2,954
910
2,044
471
630
138

3,578
2,397
843
1,554
442
644
95

2,916
1,229
355
874
449
1,063
174

2,693
1,106
291
815
388
1,016
184

1,396
287
70
217
138
365
606

100.0
52.6
15.7
36.9
12.4
24.2
10.8

100.0
50.0
15.8
34.2
13.2
26.4
10.4

100.0
70.4
21.7
48.7
11.2
15.0
3.3

100.0
67.0
23.6
43.4
12.4
18.0
2.7

100.0
42.1
12.2
29.9
15.4
36.5
6.0

100.0
41.0
10.8
30.2
14.4
37.7
6.8

3.8
.9
1.7
.8

3.1
.8
1.6
.7

4.8
.8
1.0
.2

3.9
.7
1.0
.2

2.5
.9
2.2
.4

3.9
.8
2.0
.4

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

White

Black
Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

1,211
235
46
189
159
315
502

6,432
3,478
1,162
2,316
858
1,490
606

5,579
2,833
984
1,849
810
1,429
507

1,824
855
154
701
163
518
287

1,678
818
187
631
146
466
248

100.0
20.6
5.0
15.6
9.9
26.2
43.4

100.0
19.4
3.8
15.6
13.1
26.0
41.5

100.0
54.1
18.1
36.0
13.3
23.2
9.4

100.0
50.7
17.6
33.1
14.5
25.6
9.1

100.0
46.9
8.4
38.4
9.0
28.4
15.7

100.0
48.8
11.2
37.6
8.7
27.8
14.8

4.0
1.9
5.0
8.3

3.2
2.2
4.3
6.8

3.4
.8
1.5
.6

2.8
.8
1.4
.5

6.7
1.3
4.1
2.3

6.3
1.1
3.6
1.9

Feb.
1987

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
February 1988
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

7,482

100.0

39.7

34.8

25.5

13.1

12.4

3,739
1,181
2,558
988
1,974
782

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

30.8
38.1
27.5
49.0
46.9
52.6

38.6
46.1
35.1
30.9
30.5
32.2

30.6
15.8
37.4
20.1
22.7
15.2

15.8
11.2
17.9
9.7
12.1
6.6

14.8
4.6
19.5
10.4

3,578

100.0

32.0

37.9

30.2

15.2

15.0

2,397
843
1,554
442
644
95

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

28.5
36.1
24.3
43.1
37.1
32.6

40.4
49.5
35.5
30.4
34.1
34.6

31.1
14.4
40.2
26.5
28.8
32.9

15.5
9.7
18.7
11.1
17.6
10.6

15.6
4.7
21.5
15.4
11.3
22.3

2,693

100.0

43.0

32.6

24.4

12.0

12.4

1,106
291
815
388
1,016
184

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.0
42.8
30.8
49.4
50.4
42.8

33.9
36.2
33.0
32.0
30.1
40.0

32.2
21.1
36.1
18.5
19.5
17.2

17.1

15.1
5.0
18.7
7.7

2.9

10.8
14.3

1,211

100.0

55.4

30.5

14.1

9.0

5.0

235
46
189
159
315
502

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.9

42.5

17.6

12.8

4.7

0

0

0

0

0

38.9
64.4
55.4
59.9

41.4
29.7
24.3
28.9

5.9
20.3
11.2

13.7
3.1
12.1
7.2

16.0
17.4
10.9
8.7

19.6

10.6
8.6

5.9
2.9
8.3
3.9

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

8,503

7,482

100.0

100.0

6,912

5,990

100.0

100.0

3,216
2,957
2,237
721
2,329
1,166
1,163
488
675

2,973
2,602
1,964
639
1,907
977
930
343
587

37.8
34.8
26.3
8.5
27.4
13.7
13.7
5.7
7.9

39.7
34.8
26.2
8.5
25.5
13.1
12.4
4.6
7.8

2,325
2,462
1,823
639
2,125
1,038
1,088
457
631

2,089
2,194
1,616
578
1,707
866
841
321
520

33.6
35.6
26.4
9.2
30.7
15.0
15.7
6.6
9.1

34.9
36.6
27.0
9.6
28.5
14.5
14.0
5.4
8.7

14.7
7.4

14.3
7.1

16.2
8.5/

15.6
8.2

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks weeks
5 weeks

27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

7.1
4.5
6.1
7.1
9.3
9.7
11.0
6.6

37.8
50.0
43.3
36.5
30.8
27.7
28.5
38.0

39.7
55.4
43.8
39.9
30.4
30.5
28.2
42.3

27.4
14.4
21.4
29.7
33.7
38.7
36.4
23.8

25.5
14.1
17.9
25.6
31.7
36.3
40.7
29.1

8.2
5.2
7.0
7.7
10.5

34.6
49.1
38.5
36.2
25.0
25.6
23.4

30.2
18.0
23.3
32.3
36.5
41.2
39.3

28.3
17.9
20.3
26.8
36.2
38.7
43.6

Median
duration

February 1988
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,482
1,211
1,406
2,163
1,384

2,973
671
615
863

782

421
238

448
90

126
38

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,232

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

39

58
21

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

5,579
3,196
2,383

2,246
1,119
1,127

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,678

626
300

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24




2,602
369
539

977

746
525
259
139

26

817

1,464
321
314

1,216

440

337
450

740

185
119

654

1,571
216

930
61

14.3

278
215

115
276
224

144
87
8

140
95
18

11.5
14.2
17.2
19.1
21.6
17.1

623

574

15.8

79
100

38

9.5

67

12.1

109
136

8.5

20.1
21.2
23.8

10.3
12.4

33.9
44.7
39.9
33.6
26.7
24.7
23.3

0

O

O

O

43.3
56.9
48.2
40.5
36.1
32.6
38.5

46.4
62.9
51.2
44.7
36.5
37.6
36.8

23.4
9.7

10.7
13.0
13.9
16.0
17.6

5.7
4.0
4.9
6.3
7.9
8.0
7.9

O

O

0

O

O

O

657
429
228

13.8
15.6
11.3

6.9
8.1
5.5

39.2
35.0
45.6

40.3
35.0
47.3

26.3
29.0
21.9

24.9
28.3
20.3

15.1

287
166

162
131
87

164
137

68
17

95
21

59
5

67
9

3,250

1,508

1,031

355

356

12.4

557

350

30
36

23
49

7.4

588
946
644

423

153
202
296
238
94
44
5

116
83
57
28

112
87
47
28
9

464
289
51

317
158

301
235
119

1,945
1,173

4
731

772

475
256

93

0

18.8

26.0
30.0
34.7
30.8

O
21.9
9.6
14.5
24.1
26.5
32.9
35.6

579

220

326

340
239

125
95

253
132
121

16.5
16.8
16.3

7.8
8.2
7.1

33.2
30.5
35.9

37.3
33.5
41.7

30.7
33.6
27.8

28.2
28.7
27.6

577

476
184

673
218

283
89

269
85

17.5
17.0

1,954

804

680

250

219

14.0

9.5
8.6
7.0

29.4
25.6
40.1

28.0
32.0
41.2

34.5
39.9
23.9

32.5
30.2
24.0

1,285

582

726

282
644

409
252
370

152
99
104

142
93
121

12.1
14.5
11.5

6.0
7.6
4.8

42.3
34.7
49.0

45.3
38.8
52.0

24.1
30.8
18.7

22.9
26.4
18.2

898
780

1,702

1,240

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

February 1988

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb. Feb.
1987 1988

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

586
1,502
1,311
993
1,977
299

191
618
615
325
698
96

205
472
388
411
748
117

104
223
164
124
243
68

86
190
143
133
288
19

16.8
14.0
13.0
15.7
15.4
13.5

8.7
6.7
5.9
8.2
7.8
9.0

35.6
39.5
45.5
34.9
31.5
35.6

32.5
41.1
46.9
32.8
35.3
32.0

32.8
25.4
22.8
27.9
30.9
26.5

32.5
27.5
23.5
25.8
26.9
28.8

243
975
1,324
810
514
314
1,633
1,774
174

89
290
491
281
209
107
720
696
81

104
463
427
257
170
106
609
513
35

46
118
179
113
65
37
145
323
41

3
105
228
158
69
63
159
242
17

9.2
14.0
17.1
19.1
14.1
17.8
11.8
15.4
15.1

7.8
8.7
7.9
8.6
6.9
8.5
6.0
7.9
5.8

40.3
33.5
32.3
30.4
35.0
27.9
42.6
38.8
33.1

36.6
29.8
37.1
34.7
40.7
34.0
44.1
39.2
46.4

23.3
22.5
34.3
34.5
34.0
30.0
24.0
26.5
38.4

20.4
22.8
30.7
33.6
26.1
32.0
18.6
31.8
33.7

782

411

252

52

67

11.2

4.8

45.9

52.6

24.1

15.2

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
February 1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

74.2
82.3
77.8
72.1
71.7
67.6
64.9

37.6
27.1
36.3
39.3
42.6
43.6
41.4

17.9
13.3
16.2
18.2
20.1
20.2
27.4

Other

4.9
2.2
3.7
4.7
6.5
9.0
6.5

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,482
1,211
1,406
2,163
1,384
782
448
90

6,176
1,142
1,193
1,733
1,100
598
336
74

22.3
11.0
21.2
27.5
26.5
21.2
26.5

6.8
3.2
7.5
6.8
9.4
7.0
10.1

O

O

O

O

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,232
654
817
1,216
740
464
289
51

3,284
611
668
882
545
324
211
43

23.8
12.6
19.9
29.3
29.7
21.0
34.6

7.7
3.8
7.9
8.4
10.8
7.1
10.4

75.3
83.1
78.1
74.4
72.3
66.4
69.7

36.1
21.1
37.6
38.5
41.3
40.4
46.0

O

O

O

O

0

O

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,250
557
588
946
644
317
158
39

2,893
531
525
851
555
275
125
31

20.6
9.2
22.9
25.6
23.4

5.8
2.6
7.0
5.2
7.9
6.5
9.6

72.9
81.5
77.3
69.7
71.4
69.1
56.8

39.2
33.9
34.7
40.1
43.8
47.3
34.4

15.4
11.1
11.6
16.8
18.2
15.3
29.6

4.0
2.3
3.8
5.2
2.9
6.2
4.0

1.58
1.41
1.57
1.63
1.68
1.65
1.47

O

O

0

White, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

5,579
3,196
2,383

4,502
2,407
2,095

21.2
22.8
19.4

7.2
7.8
6.6

74.8
75.7
73.7

39.0
37.4
40.8

Black, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

1,678
898
780

1,473
758
716

25.7
27.0
24.2

4.9
5.7
4.1

73.9
76.1
71.4

33.4
31.1
35.8

21.1
12.8

0

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

0

0

0

20.0
15.2
19.8
19.5
22.0
24.1
26.1

5.6
2.3
3.6
4.2
10.1
11.1
8.1

1.64
1.39
1.63
1.68
1.77
1.69
1.77

O
1.69
1.38
1.67
1.74
1.86
1.70
1.95

0

0

17.8
20.4
14.7

5.2
6.1
4.1

1.65
1.70
1.59

17.4
17.8
16.9

3.9
3.8
4.1

1.59
1.62
1.56

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
February 1988
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Average
number of
methods
used

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

22.3
27.0
21.5
20.1
12.9

6.8
6.9
9.6
6.6
3.5

74.2
75.8
72.3
71.7
77.6

37.6
40.0
44.7
36.0
24.2

17.9
19.5
15.2
17.9
15.9

4.9
6.0
3.7
5.1
2.1

T.64
1.75
1.67
1.58
1.36

Other

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

7,482
3,739
988
1,974
782

6,176
2,550
1,020
1,833
773

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,232
2,563
524
827
318

3,284
1,672
543
756
313

23.8
27.6
23.2
22.0
8.0

7.7
8.0
9.8
7.0
4.8

75.3
76.4
75.1
70.4
82.4

36.1
39.4
40.0
32.9
19.8

20.0
20.2
20.6
20.2
17.6

5.6
7.2
2.9
6.1
.6

1.69
1.79
1.72
1.59
1.33

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,250
1,175
465
1,147
463

2,893
878
478
1,077
460

20.6
25.7
19.5
18.7
16.3

5.8
4.9
9.4
6.1
2.8

72.9
74.7
68.8
72.7
74.3

39.2
41.0
50.0
38.2
27.4

15.4
18.2
8.8
16.3
14.8

4.0
3.5
4.8
4.5
3.0

1.58
1.68
1.61
1.56
1.39

Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26




30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Women

Men

Total
Industry and age

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

109,464
5,875
2,341
3,535
13,240
76,202
32,425
26,644
17,133
11,306
6,850
4,456
2,840

112,460
6,120
2,375
3,745
13,049
78,853
33,211
27,580
18,062
11,341
6,839
4,502
3,096

60,337
2,981
1,196
1,785
6,807
42,208
18,052
14,588
9,568
6,639
4,000
2,639
1,702

61,675
3,048
1,192
1,857
6,664
43,524
18,429
15,064
10,031
6,596
3,957
2,640
1,841

49,126
2,894
1,144
1,750
6,433
33,994
14,373
12,056
7,565
4,667
2,850
1,817
1,138

50,785
3,072
1,183
1,889
6,385
35,329
14,782
12,516
8,031
4,744
2,882
1,862
1,255

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,764
168
80
89
343
1,637
719
515
404
382
191
191
234

2,760
181
74
107
304
1,631
719
481
432
398
213
185
245

2,201
140
65
75
306
1,242
562
385
296
305
144
162
208

2,168
141
54
87
238
1,246
573
358
315
328
171
157
215

564
29
15
14
37
395
157
130
107
11
47
29
26

592
40
20
20
66
386
146
123
117
70
42
28
30

106,700
5,707
2,261
3,446
12,897
74,565
31,706
26,129
16,729
10,925
6,659
4,266
2,606

109,700
5,939
2,301
3,638
12,745
77,222
32,493
27,099
17,631
10,943
6,626
4,317
2,851

58,137
2,841
1,131
1,710
6,502
40,966
17,490
14,204
9,272
6,334
3,856
2,478
1,494

59,506
2,907
1,138
1,770
6,426
42,280
17,857
14,707
9,717
6,268
3,785
2,483
1,625

48,563
2,866
1,130
1,736
6,396
33,598
14,216
11,926
7,457
4,591
2,803
1,788
1,112

50,194
3,032
1,163
1,869
6,319
34,942
14,636
12,392
7,914
4,675
2,841
1,834
1,225

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)

Men

Total

Occupation

16 years
and over
Feb.
1987

Total

Feb.
1988

16 years
and over
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Women
20 years
and over

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

16 years
and over
Feb.
1987

20 years
and over

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

109,464 112,460 60,337 61,675 57,356 58,626 49,126 50,785 46,232 47,714

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

27,246 28,621 15,219 15,866 15,142 15,768 12,027 12,755 11,934 12,629
5,336
4,851
5,387 4,815
8,319
12,725 13,759
7,874 8,372 7,841
216
222
224
216
344
331
331
567
547
344
2,932 3,249 2,907 3,211
8,604 9,421
5,672 6,172 5,643 6,126
1,909
1,685
1,695
1,922
1,854
1,861
1,869
3,554
3,791
1,858
7,293
7,176
7,368 7,119
14,521 14,862
7,345 7,494 7,301
7,449
132
121
132
1,677
1,643
1,775
121
1,642
1,802
1,681
214
245
217
447
678
246
462
462
693
448
93
89
93
313
428
89
335
335
402
313
134
121
136
644
759
122
622
622
766
644
1,782
1,819
1,786
336
2,111
1,820
325
325
2,157
337
269
256
271
458
711
260
438
440
718
458
2,752 2,810
929
2,779 2,841
1,084
1,090
3,718
3,931
938
158
135
160
550
137
599
601
687
761
550
1,701
1,582
1,732
1,947
1,603
1,942
1,976
3,579 3,708
1,976

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

34,519 35,209 12,175 12,485 11,624 11,882 22,344 22,724 20,740 21,069
1,614
1,602
1,542
1,564
1,766
3,381
1,561
3,163
1,602
1,740
948
914
954
127
169
1,123
923
1,050
127
167
201
209
203
895
1,098
213
842
1,078
865
880
453
420
457
703
1,159
426
594
1,035
610
693
5,464
13,181 13,376 6,993 6,963 6,660 6,584 6,188 6,413 5,261
1,096
1,049
1,122
2,447 2,494 2,416
1,065
3,567 3,569 2,502
901
846
936
1,429
2,365
880
1,377
2,266
1,386
1,412
289
242
301
1,232
1,534
246
1,242
1,492
1,246
1,227
1,835
5,850
3,965 4,015 3,093 3,145
1,537
5,813
1,848
1,510
58
33
31
39
11
20
43
11
33
20
18,175 18,453
3,580 3,756 3,400 3,558 14,595 14,697 13,937 14,003
422
431
427
426
310
741
724
296
311
298
529
503
528
556
312
869
812
267
296
283
82
65
77 4,935 4,989 4,739 4,790
5,071
77
5,012
2,057
2,283 2,102 2,221
217
225
211
2,319
228
2,511
311
329
350
326
591
554
581
917
590
940
2,243 1,993
2,082^ 6,073 6,293 5,724 5,888
8,536 2,104
8,176

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

14,835
917
1,875
12,044
5,131
1,865
2,862
2,186

15,170
885
1,897
12,388
5,195
2,033
2,831
2,329

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,232
4,477
4,790
3,965

13,373
4,558
4,728
4,086

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28




5,977
25
1,641
4,312
2,040
250
1,597
425

5,045
10
1,593
3,442
1,398
179
1,510
355

5,148
17
1,603
3,528
1,450
239
1,462
376

8,883
889
249
7,745
3,106
1,669
1,201
1,769

9,194
861
257
8,076
3,154
1,784
1,234
1,904

7,879
704
230
6,946
2,538
1,588
1,129
1,690

8,223
717
239
7,266
2,569
1,717
1,186
1,795

12,139 12,243
4,414
4,330
4,636
4,714
3,095 3,193

11,857
4,230
4,570
3,057

11,968
4,325
4,520
3,122

1,093
147
76
870

1,129
145
92
893

1,075
148
76
851

1,101
145
88
869

16,803 17,237 12,468 12,728 11,456 11,648
4,675 4,381
7,653 7,914
4,526
4,526
6,395 6,590 3,737 3,846 3,623
3,740
2,463 2,367
3,527 3,603 2,430
2,408
1,383
2,988
2,868
1,257
1,332
1,306
1,324
1,258
758
786
829
790
4,596
4,696
4,226
4,016
4,089
4,158
3,486 3,564
2,957
3,024
3,085 3,148
1,110
1,132
1,059
1,065
1,079
1,073
4,627
4,554
3,784 3,827 3,059 3,033
684
561
543
675
495
613
3,994
3,943 3,241
2,564
3,152
2,421

4,335
3,127
2,659
1,097
1,562
468
438
401
37
770
17
753

4,509
3,239
2,745
1,139
1,605
495
469
416
54
800
9
791

4,185
3,051
2,595
1,077
1,518
456
432
395
37
702
17
684

4,254
3,122
2,653
1,111
1,542
469
446
392
54
687
4
683

445
188
256

474
166
308

420
187
232

437
166
271

2,828
1,247
1,581

2,849
1,225
1,625

5,953
28
1,626
4,299
2,025
196
1,661
417

2,383
1,059
1,324

2,375
1,059
1,316

2,232
1,049
1,183

2,213
1,045
1,168T

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Women

Men

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

109,464
100.0

112,460
100.0

60,337
100.0

61,675
100.0

49,126
100.0

50,785
100.0

24.9

25.5
12.2
13.2

25.2
13.1
12.2
20.2
2.7
11.6
5.9

25.7
13.6
12.2
20.2
2.9

24.5
9.9

25.1
10.6
14.5
44.7
3.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

11.6

13.3
31.5
2.9
12.0
16.6

13.6
.8
1.7
11.0
12.1
15.4
7.0
4.2
4.2
2.6

31.3
3.0
11.9

16.4
13.5
.8
1.7

4.1
2.5

9.7

9.9

0

(1)
2.7
7.1

11.0

11.9
15.3
7.0
4.2

11.3
6.1

20.1
20.7
7.5
6.9
6.3

2.7
7.0
19.9
20.6
7.6

3.9

6.9
6.2
3.9

14.6
45.5
3.2
12.6

29.7
18.1
1.8
.5
158
2.2
8.8
6.4
.9

12.6
28.9
18.1
1.7
.5

15.9
2.2
8.9
6.4

1.6
.9

.9
1.6
.9

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

95,377
100.0

97,819
100.0

53,210
100.0

54,310
100.0

42,167
100.0

43,509
100.0

25.9
12.2
13.7
31.9

26.4
12.9
13.6
31.6
3.0

26.3

26.7
14.2
12.5
20.4
2.9

25.5
10.5
15.0
46.4
3.2
13.1
30.1
16.8
1.6
.4

26.1

2.9
12.6
16.4
12.4
.8

12.4
16.2
12.3
.7
1.6

13.6
12.6
20.4
2.7
12.2
5.5

8.9

11.9
5.7
8.7

14.7
2.2
8.1
5.7
.9
1.5
1.0

5,560
100.0

5,467
100.0

5,728
100.0

14.1
7.1
7.0
17.2
1.9
5.4

16.8
5.5
11.2
40.2
3.2

17.6
6.5
11.1
38.3
3.0
8.5

0

3.9
2.7

2.6
6.2
20.8
19.6
7.1
6.6
5.8
4.1

2.5
6.2
20.5
19.7
7.3
6.5
5.8
4.0

10,872
100.0

11,288
100.0

5,405
100.0

14.7
6.2
8.5
28.9
2.6
7.3
19.0

15.9
6.8
9.1

12.7
7.0
5.8
17.5
1.9

10.0
12.4

14.6
6.7
4.0

29.4
16.8
1.5
.5
14.9
2.2
8.2
5.8
.9
1.5
1.0

0

1.6
10.0
12.6
14.5
6.5
4.1
3.9
2.7

11.2
14.9
45.7
3.1
13.1

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

23.0
1.7
2.8
18.5
8.8

22.9
10.6
5.7
6.6
1.6

27.9
2.5
7.0
18.5

23.4
1.7
2.7
18.9
8.8
22.5
10.0
6.2
6.3
1.4

5.6
10.0
18.5
.1
4.5
13.9
15.6
32.7
11.0
10.5
11.1
3.0

9.9
18.3
.1
4.7
13.5
15.7
32.1
10.1
11.4
10.6
2.6

9.0
27.9
27.5
3.4
1.1
23.1
2.0

13.3
10.1
1.0
2.1
.3

26.8
28.4
3.4
.8
24.2
2.2
13.3
10.0

1.3
2.1
.3

Less than 0.05 percent.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
February 1988
Agriculture

Nonagricultura! industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers

Total

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

SelfWage and
employed
salary
workers
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

101,341
5,886
2,278
3,607
12,431
30,565
24,648
15,846
9,674
5,901
3,773
2,291

1,087
182
118
64
105
209
151
134
167
104
63
139

17,270
294
63
232
1,213
4,456
5,379
3,448
2,059
1,289
770
420

82,984
5,409
2,097
3,312
11,113
25,900
19,118
12,264
7,448
4,508
2,940
1,732

8,146
47
21
27
303
1,871
2,396
1,732
1,246
711
535
551

213
6
2
4
12
56
55
52
23
14
9
9

1,407
151
59
91
252
448
218
167
122
66
56
49

1,274
9
3
6
48
262
236
251
274
145
130
193

79
21
12
9
4
8
28
13
2
2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

54,101
2,872
1,127
1,745
6,243
16,666
13,154
8,556
5,368
3,283
2,085
1,240

109
32
20
11
8
29
13

45,928
2,723
1,090
1,633
5,709
14,557
10,621
6,951
4,339
2,632
1,706
1,028

5,382
30
10
20
177
1,187
1,551
1,154
900
502
398
383

24
5
1
5
6
3
2
7

1,079
116
41
75
197
355
157
113
95
51
44
46

1,066
9
3
7
41
214
199
202
233
120
113
167

23
15
10
5

13
9
4
16

8,064
117
17
100
526
2,081
2,521
1,607
1,017
641
375
196

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

47,240
3,014
1,151
1,863
6,187
13,899
11,494
7,290
4,306
2,618
1,688
1,050

978
151
98
52
96
180
139
136
154
95
59
123

9,205
177
46
131
687
2,375
2,858
1,841
1,043
648
395
223

37,056
2,686
1,007
1,679
5,404
11,343
8,497
5,313
3,110
1,876
1,234
704

2,764
17
11
6
126
684
845
578
346
209
137
168

189
1
1

327
34
18
16
55
94
61
54
26
15
12
3

208

57
6
2
4
4
4
26
13
2
2

30




6
54
53
46
23
14

6
48
37
49
41
25
17
26

4
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
February 1988
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminisPrivate
trative
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
Sales support, houseand
sional
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
operTransportion,
and
equipment
ators,
tation
craft,
fishing
cleaners,
assemand
and
helpers,
blers,
material
repair
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

2,760
800
6,857
20,907
12,393
8,514

76
137
912
2,403
1,502
901

62
67
139
1,711
1,134
577

29
49
48
668
443
225

13
84
758
298
459

90
108
464
2,369
1,356
1,014

11
5
24
337
184
153

49
254
3,933
4,007
2,815
1,192

14
22
98
6,590
3,603
2,988

48
112
394
837
397
439

14
29
746
1,138
577
561

2,359
1
15
88
83
4

8,156
23,105
4,590
18,515

887
1,959
531
1,428

445
427
86
341

272
86
34
53

305
9,465
1,759
7,706

2,222
2,361
841
1,521

271
4,262
47
4,215

1,343
1,538
341
1,197

134
309
136
172

1,832
907
440
467

441
1,767
368
1,399

4
25
8
17

7,861
36,773
1,093
35,680
23,985
5,242

1,947
4,303
1
4,302
2,387
1,136

205
11,088
8
11,080
9,889
718

146
1,846
6
1,840
1,503
236

1,841
860

3,146
6,276
8
6,267
4,563
1,416

344
7,709
103
7,607
4,413
1,322

139
1,882
7
1,875
414
228

14
708

12
506
15
491
294
48

24
428
28
400
100
41

44
280
33
248
68
34

861
165
40

885
885

709
190
24

' Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Paid absences
Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Unpaid absences

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,004
1,331
1,417
234
29
993

4,210
1,316
1,518
313
20
1,044

3,859
1,302
1,386
198
29
943

4,012
1,267
1,471
265
20
990

1,646
869
524

1,606
788
579

1,653
283
722

1,815
315
754

253

()
239

()
648

746

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,162
762
721
679

2,322
770
785
767

2,043
740
694
608

2,164
738
747
680

877
505
268
104

862
458
306

792
133
345
314

895
168
366
361

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

1,842
570
696
576

1,888
546
732
609

1,817
562
693
562

1,847
529
724
594

769
364
256
149

744
330
272
141

860
150
377
334

921
147
389
385

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
February 1988

All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

108,249

2,561

105,688

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

27,897
914
5,028
13,297
8,658

884
32
231
411
210

27,014
882
4,797
12,886
8,449

25.8
.8
4.6
12.3
8.0

34.5
1.2
9.0
16.0
8.2

25.6
.8
4.5
12.2
8.0

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

80,351
7,211
42,232
30,908
11,127
11,515
8,266

1,677
131
516
1,030
243
293
494

78,674
7,080
41,716
29,878
10,884
11,222
7,772

74.2
6.7
39.0
28.6
10.3
10.6
7.6

65.5
5.1
20.1
40.2
9.5
11.4
19.3

74.4
6.7
39.5
28.3
10.3
10.6
7.4

38.8
43.3

40.8
48.5

38.7
43.2

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

27,897

8,990

18,908

27,014

8,647

18,367

5,377
2,661
47
203
75
2,390

1,915
1,589
47
203
75

3,462
1,072

5,117
2,504
45
200
75
2,292

1,805
1,484
45
200
75

3,312
1,020

22,520
12,939
1,064
2,004
1,304
2
1,301
1,699
2,209

7,074

15,446
12,939

6,842

1,554

1,699
655

21,897
12,647
1,052
1,959
1,224
2
1,293
1,662
2,059

1,451

1,662
608

22.0
21.4

24.3
26.8

20.7
18.9

22.1
21.5

24.4
26.9

20.8
19.0

1,712
6,946

872
4,103

840
2,843

1,637
6,812

822
4,009

815
2,803

2,390

1,064
1,850
1,304
2
1,301

154

2,292

1,052
1,820
1,224
2
1,293

15,055
12,647
139

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagriculturat industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
or more
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

105,688

5,117

15,055

85,516

55,638

10,884

18,994

38.7

43.2

97,868

4,383

13,682

79,803

53,010

10,348

16,445

38.7

42.9

739

7

22

710

384

122

204

45.6

46.5

5,264

438

240

4,586

3,326

483

111

38.7

41.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,848
11,769
8,079

540
228
311

683
287
396

18,625
11,254
7,372

11,897
7,157
4,741

3,078
1,867
1,211

3,650
2,230
1,420

41.7
42.2
41.1

43.0
43.1
42.9

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,446
20,610
7,069

218
1,532
115

417
4,959
672

6,811
14,119
6,282

4,443
8,555
4,438

863
2,016
758

1,505
3,548
1,086

41.7
36.4
39.6

43.6
43.9
42.0

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

31,832
1,043
30,789
5,059

1,472
155
1,317
61

6,386
447
5,939
304

23,974
441
23,533
4,694

16,411
282
16,129
3,557

2,574
52
2,522
452

4,989
107
4,882
685

36.9
26.7
37.2
40.0

42.7
45.4
42.6
41.6

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

7,607
213

720
13

1,299
74

5,588
126

2,542

527
9

2,519
31

40.0
34.5

48.0
43.5

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

105,688
5,770
2,222
3,548
99,919
12,447
87,473
57,579
27,269
2,624

5,117
425
66
359
4,692
968
3,725
2,471
1,133
122

15,055
3,558
1,964
1,594
11,497
2,331
9,166
5,099
2,820
1,246

85,516
1,787
192
1,595
83,730
9,148
74,582
50,009
23,316
1,256

55,638
1,411
159
1,253
54,228
6,547
47,680
31,465
15,319
897

29,878
376
33
342
29,502
2,601
26,902
18,544
7,997
359

38.7
23.8
16.8
28.2
39.6
36.2
40.1
40.6
40.0
29.2

43.2
39.9
36.8
40.3
43.3
42.0
43.4
43.5
43.3
42.5

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

57,342
2,817
1,099
1,718
54,525
6,271
48,253
31,579
15,204
1,470

2,413
179
35
144
2,234
497
1,738
1,206
464
67

4,557
1,701
949
752
2,856
977
1,879
747
536
596

50,372
937
115
822
49,435
4,797
44,636
29,626
14,204
807

29,248
714
94
620
28,533
3,166
25,366
16,363
8,457
546

21,124
223
21
202
20,902
1,631
19,270
13,263
5,747
261

41.7
24.8
17.8
29.3
42.6
37.7
43.2
43.9
43.0
31.5

44.7
40.6
37.2
41.1
44.8
43.1
45.0
45.2
44.6
43.2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

48,346
2,952
1,123
1,829
45,394
6,175
39,218
26,000
12,065
1,154

2,704
245
30
215
2,458
471
1,988
1,263
669
55

10,499
1,857
1,016
841
8,642
1,355
7,287
4,353
2,284
650

35,143
850
77
773
34,294
4,349
29,943
20,384
9,112
449

26,389
697
65
631
25,693
3,378
22,314
15,103
6,862
352

8,754
153
12
142
8,601
971
7,629
5,281
2,250
97

35.3
22.8
15.8
27.2
36.1
34.7
36.3
36.8
36.2
26.3

41.0
39.1
36.2
39.4
41.1
40.7
41.2
41.2
41.2
41.2

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

91,758
50,403
41,356

4,182
2,014
2,168

13,568
4,004
9,565

74,008
44,385
29,623

46,808
24,999
21,811

27,200
19,386
7,812

38.8
41.9
35.1

43.5
45.0
41.2

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

10,697
5,201
5,497

773
331
441

1,028
360
668

8,896
4,510
4,388

6,983
3,301
3,683

1,913
1,209
705

37.9
39.7
36.1

41.3
42.5
40.0

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

37,017
5,686
14,639

1,085
324
1,004

1,288
255
3,014

34,644
5,107
10,621

19,252
2,957
7,040

15,392
2,150
3,581

43.6
42.5
36.5

45.2
44.9
43.2

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

26,917
9,314
12,115

1,390
556
757

6,100
1,182
3,216

19,427
7,576
8,142

14,856
5,482
6,054

4,571
2,094
2,088

35.1
37.7
33.7

40.8
41.5
41.2

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
February 1988
Average

O n full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On
O n part
time for voluntary
economic
part
reasons
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average hours,
hours, workers
49
on fulltotal
41 to 48
hours
time
at work
hours
or more
schedules

105,611

5,109

15,045

85,458

55,518

10,887

19,052

38.8

43.2

27,753
13,327
14,426
34,102
3,258
12,939
17,905
14,543
849
1,813
11,882
12,768
16,444
7,594
4,409
4,442

554
208
347
1,352
32
764
556
1,394
120
52
1,222
687
1,121
391
247
483

2,640
687
1,953
6,245
431
2,752
3,062
4,161
380
190
3,591
469
1,531
341
373
817

24,559
12,432
12,127
26,505
2,796
9,423
14,286
8,989
349
1,571
7,069
11,612
13,793
6,862
3,788
3,142

13,673
6,462
7,211
18,415
1,972
4,973
11,469
6,549
223
963
5,362
7,497
9,386
4,890
2,123
2,373

3,113
1,599
1,513
3,103
363
1,172
1,569
967
38
241
688
1,666
2,038
1,101
542
395

7,774
4,371
3,403
4,987
460
3,277
1,249
1,473
87
367
1,019
2,450
2,369
871
1,124
374

41.9
44.1
40.0
37.4
39.2
38.7
36.1
33.3
26.2
41.1
32.6
41.2
39.1
39.9
42.2
34.7

44.9
45.8
44.0
42.4
42.3
45.6
40.3
42.2
45.3
44.5
41.5
43.1
42.7
41.7
45.7
41.1

57,155

2,398

4,519

50,238

29,085

6,830

14,322

41.7

44.8

15,467
8,118
7,349
12,112
1,702
6,754
3,656
5,756
23
1,573
4,159
11,683
12,137
4,505
3,959
3,673

304
145
159
299
13
200
86
389
3
32
354
619
788
186
204
398

793
270
523
1,187
129
636
422
1,157
16
118
1,022
347
1,035
140
230
665

14,370
7,703
6,668
10,625
1,560
5,918
3,148
4,210
4
1,423
2,783
10,717
10,314
4,180
3,525
2,610

6,863
3,423
3,440
5,825
1,021
2,608
2,196
2,901
4
870
2,027
6,813
6,682
2,802
1,934
1,947

1,781
972
809
1,439
218
750
472
500
_
211
290
1,557
1,552
711
513
329

5,726
3,308
2,418
3,361
321
2,560
479
809
_
342
467
2,347
2,080
667
1,078
335

44.8
46.1
43.4
42.2
41.4
44.1
39.0
36.8
(2)
42.4
34.8
41.5
39.9
41.2
43.1
34.8

46.8
47.5
46.1
45.3
43.4
47.5
42.2
43.5
(2)
44.7
42.8
43.3
43.4
42.7
45.9
41.2

48,456

2,710

10,526

35,220

26,433

4,057

4,731

35.3

41.0

12,286
5,209
7,077
21,990
1,556
6,185
14,249
8,787
825
240
7,722
1,085
4,307
3,089
450
769

251
63
188
1,054
19
565
470
1,005
117
20
868
68
333
206
43
84

1,847
417
1,430
5,057
301
2,116
2,640
3,004
364
72
2,569
122
496
201
143
152

10,189
4,730
5,459
15,880
1,236
3,505
11,139
4,778
344
148
4,286
895
3,478
2,682
264
532

6,809
3,039
3,770
12,589
951
2,365
9,272
3,647
219
92
3,335
684
2,703
2,088
189
426

1,332
627
704
1,664
145
422
1,097
467
38
30
398
108
486
390
29
67

2,048
1,063
985
1,626
139
717
770
664
87
25
552
103
289
204
46
39

38.4
41.0
36.4
34.8
36.8
32.8
35.4
31.0
26.5
32.3
31.4
37.5
37.0
38.1
34.1
34.4

42.2
43.0
41.5
40.4
40.9
42.5
39.7
41.0
45.3
42.0
40.7
41.0
40.5
40.2
42.5
40.7

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Employment status and sex
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

183,738
120,970
65.8
113,084
61.5
1,740
111,344
3,225
108,119
7,886
6.5
62,768

183,915
120,982
65.8
113,191
61.5
1,736
111,455
3,237
108,218
7,791
6.4
62,933

184,079
121,098
65.8
113,541
61.7
1,735
111,806
3,250
108,556
7,557
6.2
62,981

184,259
121,633
66.0
114,060
61.9
1,726
112,334
3,269
109,065
7,573
6.2
62,626

184,421
121,326
65.8
114,018
61.8
1,718
112,300
3,192
109,108
7,308
6.0
63,095

184,605
121,610
65.9
114,359
61.9
1,720
112,639
3,212
109,427
7,251
6.0
62,995

184,738
122,042
66.1
114,786
62.1
1,736
113,050
3,143
109,907
7,256
5.9
62,696

184,904
121,706
65.8
114,615
62.0
1,743
112,872
3,184
109,688
7,091
5.8
63,198

185,052
122,128
66.0
114,951
62.1
1,741
113,210
3,249
109,961
7,177
5.9
62,924

185,225
122,349
66.1
115,259
62.2
1,755
113,504
3,172
110,332
7,090
5.8
62,876

185,370
122,472
66.1
115,494
62.3
1,750
113,744
3,215
110,529
6,978
5.7
62,898

185,571
122,924
66.2
115,878
62.4
1,749
114,129
3,293
110,836
7,046
5.7
62,647

185,705
123,084
66.3
116,145
62.5
1,736
114,409
3,228
111,182
6,938
5.6
62,621

88,099
67,655
76.8
63,281
71.8
1,584
61,697
4,374
6.5
20,444

88,186
67,590
76.6
63,263
71.7
1,575
61,688
4,327
6.4
20,596

88,271
67,604
76.6
63,390
71.8
1,575
61,815
4,214
6.2
20,667

88,361
67,802
76.7
63,543
71.9
1,566
61,977
4,259
6.3
20,559

88,442
67,623
76.5
63,543
71.8
1,559
61,984
4,080
6.0
20,819

88,534
67,671
76.4
63,711
72.0
1,561
62,150
3,960
5.9
20,863

88,598
67,937
76.7
63,916
72.1
1,575
62,341
4,021
5.9
20,661

88,683
67,776
76.4
63,949
72.1
1,581
62,368
3,827
5.6
20,907

88,756
67,947
76.6
64,048
72.2
1,580
62,468
3,899
5.7
20,809

88,849
68,019
76.6
64,174
72.2
1,593
62,581
3,845
5.7
20,830

88,924
68,030
76.5
64,245
72.2
1,589
62,656
3,785
5.6
20,894

89,033
68,243
76.6
64,396
72.3
1,588
62,808
3,847
5.6
20,790

89,099
68,343
76.7
64,636
72.5
1,577
63,059
3,707
5.4
20,756

95,639
53,315
55.7
49,803
52.1
156
49,647
3,512
6.6
42,324

95,729
53,392
55.8
49,928
52.2
161
49,767
3,464
6.5
42,337

95,808
53,494
55.8
50,151
52.3
160
49,991
3,343
6.2
42,314

95,898
53,831
56.1
50,517
52.7
160
50,357
3,314
6.2
42,067

95,979
53,703
56.0
50,475
52.6
159
50,316
3,228
6.0
42,276

96,071
53,939
56.1
50,648
52.7
159
50,489
3,291
6.1
42,132

96,140
54,105
56.3
50,870
52.9
161
50,709
3,235
6.0
42,035

96,221
53,930
56.0
50,666
52.7
162
50,504
3,264
6.1
42,291

96,295
54,181
56.3
50,903
52.9
161
50,742
3,27*8
6.1
42,114

96,376
54,330
56.4
51,085
53.0
162
50,923
3,245
6.0
42,046

96,446
54,442
56.4
51,249
53.1
161
51,088
3,193
5.9
42,004

96,538
54,681
56.6
51,482
53.3
161
51,321
3,200
5.9
41,857

96,606
54,740
56.7
51,509
53.3
159
51,350
3,231
5.9
41,866

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor fdrce
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as,a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36




Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1988

1987
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

181,998 182,179 182,344 182,533 182,703 182,885 183,002 183,161 183,311 183,470 183,620 183,822 183,969
119,230 119,246 119,363 119,907 119,608 119,890 120,306 119,963 120,387 120,594 120,722 121,175 121,348
66.0
65.7
65.7
65.7
65.9
65.7
65.5
65.6
65.7
65.5
65.5
65.5
65.5
111,344 111,455 111,806 112,334 112,300 112,639 113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409
62.2
61.8
62.1
61.9
61.9
61.8
61.6
61.5
61.6
61.5
61.3
61.2
61.2
7,256 7,091
7,090 6,978 7,046 6,938
7,177
7,557 7,573 7,308 7,251
7,886 7,791
5.7
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.3
6.0
6.1
6.3
6.5
6.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

79,216
61,930
78.2
58,324
73.6
2,317
56,007
3,606
5.8
17,286

79,303
61,933
78.1
58,380
73.6
2,361
56,019
3,553
5.7
17,370

79,387
61,970
78.1
58,516
73.7
2,378
56,138
3,454
5.6
17,417

79,474
62,129
78.2
58,673
73.8
2,383
56,290
3,456
5.6
17,345

79,536
62,054
78.0
58,632
73.7
2,316
56,316
3,422
5.5
17,482

79,625
62,106
78.0
58,783
73.8
2,333
56,450
3,323
5.4
17,519

79,668
62,083
77.9
58,825
73.8
2,289
56,536
3,258
5.2
17,585

79,740
62,085
77.9
58,967
73.9
2,345
56,622
3,118
5.0
17,655

79,807
62,211
78.0
59,037
74.0
2,343
56,694
3,174
5.1
17,596

79,885
62,299
78.0
59,164
74.1
2,297
56,867
3,135
5.0
17,586

80,002
62,248
77.8
59,185
74.0
2,298
56,887
3,063
4.9
17,754

80,120
62,440
77.9
59,287
74.0
2,323
56,964
3,154
5.1
17,680

80,203
62,696
78.2
59,625
74.3
2,280
57,344
3,071
4.9
17,507

88,237
49,343
55.9
46,485
52.7
634
45,851
2,858
5.8
38,894

88,321
49,414
55.9
46,582
52.7
602
45,980
2,832
5.7
38,907

88,395
49,494
56.0
46,761
52.9
603
46,158
2,733
5.5
38,901

88,464
49,728
56.2
47,028
53.2
629
46,399
2,700
5.4
38,736

88,546
49,722
56.2
47,088
53.2
619
46,469
2,634
5.3
38,824

88,632
49,886
56.3
47,206
53.3
620
46,586
2,680
5.4
38,746

88,685
49,969
56.3
47,308
53.3
609
46,699
2,661
5.3
38,716

88,785
49,922
56.2
47,251
53.2
600
46,651
2,671
5.4
38,863

88,843
50,095
56.4
47,480
53.4
636
46,844
2,615
5.2
38,748

88,923
50,254
56.5
47,634
53.6
636
46,998
2,620
5.2
38,669

89,010
50,361
56.6
47,750
53.6
643
47,107
2,611
5.2
38,649

89,110
50,558
56.7
47,977
53.8
646
47,331
2,581
5.1
38,552

89,178
50,640
56.8
48,005
53.8
654
47,351
2,635
5.2
38,538

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,546 14,555 14,562 14,595 14,621 14,628 14,649 14,637 14,661 14,663 14,609 14,592 14,588
8,011
8,113
8,041
8,177
7,957 7,899 7,899 8,050 7,832 7,898 8,254 7,956 8,081
54.8
54.9
55.5
55.1
54.4
56.3
54.0
54.7
56.0
53.6
55.2
54.2
54.3
6,654 6,693 6,706 6,809 6,865 6,779
6,535 6,493 6,529 6,633 6,580 6,650 6,917
45.7
45.4
45.7
45.5
47.2
45.5
44.9
46.5
46.6
45.0
44.8
44.6
47.0
257
239
270
239
245
259
274
293
274
257
269
274
323
6,423 6,467 6,535 6,542 6,486
6,672 6,415
6,260 6,376 6,323 6,391
6,219
6,261
1,417
1,335
1,388
1,302
1,337
1,248
1,232
1,304
1,252
1,370
1,406
1,422
1,312
16.6
17.2
16.4
16.2
15.8
17.6
15.4
16.1
16.0
17.3
17.8
17.9
16.0
6,580 6,622 6,496 6,415
6,577
6,589 6,656 6,663 6,545 6,789 6,730 6,395 6,681

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988

1987
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

156,431 156,561 156,676 156,811 156,930 157,058 157,134 157,242 157,342 157,449 157,552 157,676 157,773
102,825 102,836 102,972 103,416 103,150 103,248 103,516 103,357 103,669 103,731 103,907 104,252 104,530
66.3
66.1
66.0
65.9
65.7
65.7
65.9
65.7
65.7
65.7
65.9
65.7
65.9
97,001 97,074 97,338 97,829 97,698 97,917 98,181 98,069 98,317 98,492 98,779 99,044 99,474
63.0
62.8
62.7
62.6
62.5
62.4
62.3
62.4
62.1
62.0
62.0
62.5
62.3
5,208 5,056
5,128
5,352 5,239
5,288
5,331
5,634 5,587 5,452
5,824 5,762
5,335
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.3
5.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,121 54,097 54,124 54,238 54,227 54,198 54,183 54,213 54,375 54,381 54,368 54,455 54,650
78.4
78.5
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.4
78.5
78.2
78.2
78.3
78.4
78.5
78.2
51,366 51,371 51,460 51,626 51,591 51,670 51,715 51,803 51,864 51,969 52,046 52,053 52,389
75.2
74.8
74.9
74.9
74.8
74.7
74.5
74.7
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.5
74.5
2,260
2,402
2,322
2,412
2,664
2,511
2,528
2,636
2,612
2,726
2,410
2,468
2,755
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.9
4.4
4.7
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.1
4.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,780 41,877 41,984 42,182 42,137 42,241 42,332 42,308 42,379 42,464 42,569 42,710 42,915
56.1
55.7
55.8
55.7
55.6
55.7
55.5
55.4
56.3
55.9
55.8
55.7
55.3
39,755 39,890 40,032 40,268 40,265 40,343 40,449 40,409 40,538 40,606 40,712 40,896 40,985
53.7
53.5
53.3
53.3
53.2
53.1
53.1
52.9
52.7
53.8
53.4
53.2
52.6
1,857
1,841
1,914
1,813
1,899
1,883
1,898
1,872
1,952
1,987
1,930
1,858
2,025
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,924
58.1
5,880
49.4
1,044
15.1
16.0
14.1

6,862
57.5
5,813
48.7
1,049
15.3
16.8
13.7

6,864
57.5
5,846
48.9
1,018
14.8
16.3
13.3

6,996
58.5
5,935
49.7
1,061
15.2
17.0
13.3

6,786
56.7
5,842
48.8
944
13.9
14.8
13.0

6,809
56.9
5,904
49.3
905
13.3
13.5
13.1

7,001
58.5
6,017
50.3
984
14.1
15.2
12.9

6,836
57.2
5,857
49.0
979
14.3
15.1
13.4

6,915
57.9
5,915
49.5
1,000
14.5
15.1
13.8

6,886
57.7
5,917
49.6
969
14.1
14.8
13.3

6,970
58.6
6,021
50.6
949
13.6
14.9
12.3

7,087
59.6
6,095
51.2
992
14.0
14.4
13.6

6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,218 20,249 20,279 20,312 20,341 20,373 20,396 20,426 20,453 20,482 20,508 20,539 20,569
12,894 12,853 12,778 12,889 12,892 13,039 13,150 13,028 13,152 13,193 13,215 13,222 13,168
63.5
64.0
64.3
64.5
64.0
63.0
64.4
64.4
63.4
63.5
63.8
64.4
63.8
11,086 11,072 11,114 11,129 11,238 11,381 11,513 11,421 11,556 11,589 11,605 11,608 11,504
54.8
56.4
55.9
54.8
55.9
56.6
56.5
55.2
54.7
54.8
56.5
56.6
55.9
1,760
1,637
1,658
1,596
1,664
1,663
1,610
1,654
1,781
1,808
1,614
1,604
1,607
13.7
12.1
12.4
12.7
12.8
13.0
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.3
13.9
14.0
12.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,996
74.9
5,283
66.0
713
11.9

5,995
74.8
5,298
66.1
697
11.6

5,980
74.4
5,322
66.3
658
11.0

6,037
75.0
5,296
65.8
741
12.3

6,003
74.5
5,319
66.0
684
11.4

6,061
75.1
5,384
66.7
677
11.2

6,054
74.9
5,407
66.9
647
10.7

6,032
74.5
5,421
67.0
611
10.1

6,023
74.3
5,431
67.0
592
9.8

6,045
74.5
5,430
66.9
615
10.2

6,043
74.3
5,430
66.8
613
10.1

6,115
75.0
5,497
67.5
618
10.1

6,166
75.6
5,472
67.1
694
11.3

6,005
59.7
5,249
52.2
756
12.6

5,994
59.5
5,230
51.9
764
12.7

5,943
58.9
5,254
52.1
689
11.6

5,987
59.3
5,292
52.4
695
11.6

6,033
59.6
5,349
52.9
684
11.3

6,116
60.4
5,417
53.5
699
11.4

6,122
60.3
5,430
53.5
692
11.3

6,067
59.7
5,357
52.7
710
11.7

6,177
60.7
5,495
54.0
682
11.0

6,207
60.9
5,537
54.3
670
10.8

6,224
61.0
5,544
54.3
680
10.9

6,244
61.1
5,550
54.3
694
11.1

6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

1988
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb,

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

893
41.6
554
25.8
339
38.0
37.9
38.0

864
40.1
544
25.2
320
37.0
36.1
38.0

855
39.6
538
24.9
317
37.1
37.8
36.3

865
40.0
541
25.0
324
37.5
38.3
36.6

856
39.5
570
26.3
286
33.4
31.4
35.4

862
39.8
580
26.8
282
32.7
32.4
33.1

974
44.9
676
31.2
298
30.6
33.7
27.1

929
42.8
643
29.6
286
30.8
31.5
30.0

952
43.8
630
29.0
322
33.8
32.5
35.2

941
43.3
622
28.6
319
33.9
32.2
35.8

948
43.7
631
29.1
317
33.4
33.5
33.4

870
40.0
537
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7

863
39.8
561
25.8
302
35.0
35.1
34.9

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12,692 12,732 12,770 12,809 12,848 12,887 12,925 12,965 13,003 13,043 13,082 13,115 13,153
8,423 8,395 8,468 8,549 8,468 8,447 8,549 8,581 8,654 8,763 8,772 8,879 9,017
65.9
66.4
66.7
66.3
66.2
66.1
65.5
65.9
67.7
67.1
66.6
68.6
67.2
7,614
7,632 7,686 7,797 7,738 7,762 7,856 7,877 7,935 7,978 8,058 8,238 8,268
60.0
60.2
60.2
60.9
59.9
60.2
60.8
60.8
61.0
62.8
61.6
61.2
62.9
809
752
763
685
730
782
704
693
719
642
714
785
749
9.1
9.6
8.1
8.6
8.8
9.2
8.2
8.1
7.2
8.1
9.0
8.3
8.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Category
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb,

CHARACTERISTIC
111,344 111,455 111,806 112,334 112,300 112,639 113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409
39,958 40,054 40,021 40,075 40,120 40,262 40,308 40,404 40,556 40,645 40,711 40,404 40,475
27,837 27,966 28,130 28,314 28,282 28,283 28,189 28,069 28,099 28,175 28,249 28,441 28,707
6,033 6,107 6,151 6,178 6,237 6,227 6,168 6,157
5,925 5,946 5,971 5,963 6,011

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,672
1,429
165

1,622
1,403
162

1,625
1,424
153

1,591
1,393
155

1,624
1,415
139

1,705
1,430
140

1,595
1,407
155

1,599
1,450
156

1,666
1,454
138

1,677
1,414
114

100,634
16,708
83,926
1,240
82,686
8,157
268
276

100,510
16,920
83,590
1,163
82,427
8,293
274

100,825
16,876
83,949
1,212
82,737
8,216
266

101,241
16,794
84,447
1,175
83,272
8,214
248

101,282
16,928
84,354
1,100
83,254
8,204
297

101,522
17,033
84,489
1,222
83,267
8,274
242

101,943
17,118
84,825
1,286
83,539
8,222
235

101,997
17,064
84,933
1,200
83,733
8,280
248

102,507
17,197
85,310
1,147
84,163
8,150
237

102,683
16,948
85,735
1,170
84,565
8,312
228

1,640
1,440
132

1,689
1,416

1,599
1,488

152

170

99,772
16,553
83,219
1,213
82,006
8,166
254

99,863
16,594
83,269
1,227
82,042
8,082

100,106
16,518
83,588
1,234
82,354
8,139

270

1

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,353 5,534 5,262 5,367 5,566
5,766 5,459 5,394 5,333 5,254 5,428 5,283 5,261
2,438 2,345 2,292 2,345 2,429 2,468 2,213 2,377 2,408 2,284 2,396 2,478
2,501
2,773 2,707 2,725 2,677 2,623 2,683 2,526 2,683 2,655 2,696 2,638 2,640 2,598
14,110 14,201 13,940 14,498 14,836 14,437 14,573 14,415 14,488 14,523 14,711 14,571 14,572

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
.'
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,104
5,016 4,986 5,067 5,241 5,004 5,145 5,254
5,058 4,979 5,154
5,458 5,180
2,265 2,034 2,196 2,209 2,111
2,260 2,327
2,315 2,234 2,163 2,126 2,176 2,261
2,682 2,612 2,648 2,603 2,530 2,599 2,463 2,603 2,557 2,597 2,552 2,566 2,457
13,635 13,717 13,544 13,995 14,334 13,953 14,099 13,987 14,011 14,064 14,222 14,096 14,123

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Sex and age
Feb.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

111,344 111,455 111,806 112,334 112,300 112,639 113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409
20,229
6,535
2,721
3,835
13,694
91,132
76,683
14,370

20,148
6,493
2,670
3,834
13,655
91,343
76,900
14,391

20,109
6,529
2,655
3,872
13,580
91,675
77,294
14,373

20,208
6,633
2,702
3,930
13,575
92,087
77,621
14,452

20,069
6,580
2,694
3,871
13,489
92,234
77,726
14,537

20,184
6,650
2,760
3,875
13,534
92,551
78,015
14,497

20,475
6,917
2,849
3,996
13,558
92,606
78,202
14,498

20,116
6,654
2,754
3,911
13,462
92,735
78,307
14,491

20,096
6,693
2,768
3,936
13,403
93,071
78,477
14,641

20,065
6,706
2,734
3,985
13,359
93,424
78,731
14,663

20,112
6,809
2,826
3,994
13,303
93,625
78,916
14,716

20,312
6,865
2,776
4,061
13,447
93,778
79,170
14,581

20,271
6,779
2,752
4,045
13,491
94,118
79,351
14,673

61,697 61,688 61,815 61,977 61,984 62,150 62,341 62,368 62,468 62,581 62,656 62,808 63,059
10,546 10,463 10,423 10,392 10,366 10,441 10,586 10,448 10,403 10,370 10,369 10,456 10,444
3,373 3,308 3,299 3,304 3,352 3,367 3,516 3,401 3,431 3,417 3,471 3,521 3,434
1,373
1,353
1,451
1,390
1,409
1,391
1,410
1,417
1,362
1,362
1,413
1,406
1,444
1,960
1,940
1,948
1,977
1,938 2,046 2,021 2,034 2,040 2,035 2,053 2,046
1,953
7,074 7,070 7,047 6,972 6,953 6,898 6,935 7,010
7,088 7,014
7,173 7,155 7,124
51,178 51,261 51,385 51,554 51,601 51,733 51,781 51,900 52,047 52,210 52,299 52,338 52,623
42,668 42,743 42,904 43,002 43,071 43,203 43,289 43,408 43,488 43,592 43,690 43,848 43,992
8,467 8,507 8,480 8,544 8,561 8,524 8,503 8,514
8,580 8,605 8,629 8,470 8,567
49,647 49,767 49,991 50,357 50,316 50,489 50,709 50,504 50,742 50,923 51,088 51,321 51,350
9,683 9,685 9,686 9,8.16 9,703 9,743 9,889 9,668 9,693 9,695 9,743 9,857 9,826
3,162 3,185 3,230 3,329 3,228 3,283 3,401 3,253 3,262 3,289 3,338 3,344 3,345
1,340
1,344
1,359
1,439
1,343
1,321
1,302
1,308
1,346
1,332
1,375
1,363
1,308
1,937
1,990
1,924
1,999
1,959 2,008
1,945
1,902
1,890
1,950
1,911
1,881
1,858
6,431 6,406 6,405 6,513 6,481
6,521 6,500 6,456 6,487 6,475 6,460 6,488 6,415
39,954 40,082 40,290 40,533 40,633 40,818 40,825 40,835 41,024 41,214 41,326 41,440 41,495
34,015 34,157 34,390 34,619 34,655 34,812 34,913 34,899 34,989 35,139 35,226 35,322 35,359
5,903 5,884 5,893 5,908 5,976 5,973 5,995 5,977 6,061 6,058 6,087 6,111 6,106

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)'
1987

1988

Sex and age
Feb.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over . ..
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

40




7,886

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

7,791

7,557

7,573

7,308

7,251

7,256

7,091

7,177

7,090

6,978

7,046

6,938

2,756
1,252
623
657
1,504
4,502
4,042
475

2,701
1,248
586
624
1,453
4,538
4,078
462

2,736
1,337
638
688
1,399
4,544
4,050
483

2,692
1,302
618
701
1,390
4,445
3,931
499

2,689
1,388
710
679
1,301
4,482
3,993
474

2,641
1,335
649
691
1,306
4,442
3.909
513

2,547
1,304
613
688
1,243
4,412
3,939
488

2,659
1,312
638
689
1,347
4,393
3,896
527

2,525
1,232
580
655
1,293
4,416
3,926
499

Jan.

Feb.

3,015
1,422
672
754
1,593
4,879
4,421
463

2,951
1,406
665
741
1,545
4,838
4,339
503

2,902
1,370
620
733
1,532
4,667
4,143
505

2,895
1,417
717
702
1,478
4,657
4,134
532

4,374

4,327

4,214

4,259

4,080

3,960

4,021

3,827

3,899

3,845

3,785

3,847

3,707

1,644
768
365
408
876
2,747
2,456
300

1,586
774
347
426
812
2,735
2,413
318

1,576
760
360
401
816
2,651
2,304
327

1,586
803
401
402
783
2,648
2,310
348

1,474
658
325
357
816
2,585
2,271
301

1,415
637
292
307
778
2,535
2,238
300

1,518
763
363
387
755
2,528
2,215
302

1,435
709
341
382
726
2,427
2,139
283

1,432
725
372
354
707
2,462
2,182
277

1,414
710
356
355
704
2,419
2,109
313

1,378
722
347
367
656
2,390
2,112
282

1,456
693
348
360
763
2,391
2,070
351

1,333
636
285
354
697
2,390
2,095
305

3,512

3,464

3,343

3,314

3,228

3,291

3,235

3,264

3,278

3,245

3,193

3,200

3,231

1,371
654
307
346
717
2,132
1,965
163

1,365
632
318
315
733
2,103
1,926
185

1,326
610
260
332
716
2,016
1,839
178

1,309
614
316
300
695
2,009
1,824
184

1,282
594
298
300
688
1,917
1,771
174

1,286
611
294
317
675
2,003
1,840
162

1,218
574
275
301
644
2,016
1,835
181

1,257
593
277
319
664
2,018
1,792
216

1,257
663
338
325
594
2,020
1,811
197

1,227
625
293
336
602
2,023
1,800
200

1,169
582
266
321
587
2,022
1,827
206

1,203
619
290
329
584
2,002
1,826
175

1,192
596
295
301
596
2,026
1,831
194

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1987

1988

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.3

13.0
17.9
19.8

12.8
17.8

12.6

12.5

17.3

17.6

19.9
16.2
10.2
5.0
5.3
3.4

18.9

15.9
10.1
4.8
5.1
3.4

21.0
15.2
9.8
4.8

6.6

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.0

6.1

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.6

13.5

13.2

13.1

12.5
17.8
20.5

12.0

17.3

21.0

11.9
15.9
17.1
13.7

12.1

19.0
20.3
17.9

12.4
16.4

12.1

18.5
20.5

13.2
19.6
22.7

17.4
20.9
14.8

17.2
20.4

9.2
4.5
4.8
3.1

9.2
4.4
4.6
3.5

11.7
17.2
19.3
15.3
8.7
4.4
4.6
3.2

12.2
16.4
19.4
14.9
9.9
4.4
4.5
4.0

11.3
15.6
16.9
14.7
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

16.4-

10.4
5.1
5.5
3.1

Men, 16 years and over . .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

17.1
10.9
5.1
5.4
3.4

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5.1
3.6

18.7

10.2

17.1
10.3

5.1
5.3
3.6

4.9
5.1
3.7

17.2

9.9
4.9
5.1

3.9

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

6.0

6.0

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

12.1

11.8

16.0
18.8

15.8

11.8
16.2

17.5

18.3

13.9

14.7

10.0
4.7
4.9
3.2

9.7
4.7
5.0

9.4
4.7
4.9
3.2

11.8
17.2
20.4
14.7
8.8

11.6
16.6

14.5

11.8
16.4
18.3
15.2
9.4
4.6
4.8
3.3

11.2
16.1
17.8
14.7
8.5
4.5
4.8
3.2

11.6
16.0
18.7
14.5
9.1
4.5
4.7
3.5

11.1
15.4
17.4
13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3

6.1'

19.1
15.4
10.4
4.8
5.0
3.4

3.1

9.9
4.7
4.9
3.4

19.7

15.9
9.6
4.7

15.9
9.3
4.5
4.7
3.2

4.9
3.4

4.6
4.8

3.1

19.2
14.8

8.9
4.5
4.7
3.4

14.8

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.2

6.0

6.1

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

12.4
17.1
19.0

12.4
16.6

12.0

11.8
15.6

11.7
15.5
18.4
13.6
9.6
4.5

11.7

11.0

10.7
14.8
16.2

10.9

14.4
16.0

11.5
16.9
19.9

11.2

15.7

11.5
15.4
16.9
14.4

14.6
8.5
4.7
4.9
3.1

10.8
15.1
18.0
13.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.1

15.7

9.9
5.1
5.5
2.7

19.6
14.3
10.1
5.0
5.3
3.0

15.9
16.6

19.1
13.1
9.7
4.7
5.0
3.0

14.7
10.0
4.8
5.1
2.9

4.9
2.8

18.0
14.1
9.5
4.7
5.0
2.6

13.4
9.0
4.7
5.0
2.9

9.4
4.7
4.9
3.5

16.0
17.9
14.7
8.6
4.7

15.6
17.9
14.1
8.2
4.6

14.1
8.4
4.7

4.9
3.3

4.9
3.2

4.9
2.8

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)

1988

1987
Category
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

6.6
5.8
5.8
17.9

6.5
5.7
5.7
17.8

6.3
5.6
5.5
17.3

6.3
5.6
5.4
17.6

6.1
5.5
5.3
16.0

6.0
5.4
5.4
15.8

6.0
5.2
5.3
16.2

5.9
5.0
5.4
16.4

6.0
5.1
5.2
17.2

5.9
5.0
5.2

5.8
5.1
5.1
16.0

5.7
4.9
5.2

16.6

5.8
4.9
5.2
16.1

15.4

5.7
12.6
14.0
9.6

5.6
12.4
13.9
9.1

5.5
11.8
13.0

5.3
11.5
12.8
8.6

5.2
11.4
12.7

9.2

5.4
12.1
13.7
8.8

8.1

5.2
11.3
12.4
8.1

5.1
10.9
12.3
8.2

5.2
10.8
12.1
8.3

5.1
11.0
12.2
9.0

4.9
10.9
12.2
8.1

5.0
10.9
12.2
7.2

4.8
11.3
12.6
8.3

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

4.1
4.8
9.6

4.1
4.5
9.7

4.1
4.4
9.4

4.0
4.2
9.5

4.0
4.0
9.5

3.8
4.2
9.3

3.7
4.3
9.0

3.7
4.2
8.8

3.7
4.2
8.9

3.5
4.2
8.5

3.4
4.3
8.4

3.6
4.2
8.9

3.4
4.1
8.3

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

6.2
8.8
1.8
7.5

6.1
9.1
1.7
7.4

5.9
8.6
1.7
7.3

5.9
8.7
1.7
7.2

5.9
7.3
1.7
7.1

5.7
8.1
1.6
6.9

5.6
8.2
1.6
6.9

5.5
8.4
1.6
6.8

5.6
8.3
1.5
6.8

5.5
8.2
1.5
6.8

5.4
8.0
1.5
6.6

5.4
8.3
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.9
1.4
6.6

6.6
8.0
13.0

6.5
8.0
9.5
12.4
6.7
6.6
7.0
5.8
4.5
7.3
4.9
3.5
10.8

6.3
7.7
11.2
12.0
6.3
6.2
6.4
5.7
4.7
7.1
4.8
3.5
9.5

6.3
7.7
13.0
12.1
6.3
6.2
6.5
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.9
3.4
9.4

6.1
7.1
9.5
11.7
5.7
5.4
6.1
5.7
4.8
7.1
4.9
3.4
9.3

6.1
7.1
7.9
10.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.4
6.8
5.1
3.4
10.9

6.0
6.9
8.6
11.3
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.7
3.7

5.9
7.0
7.4
11.9
5.6
5.4
5.9
5.3
4.1
6.4
4.8
3.4
8.6

5.9
7.0
8.3
11.2
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3

5.8
6.5
7.0
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
5\5
4.5
6.8
4.8
3.4
11.1

5.7
6.4
8.0
10.6
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
10.9

5.8
7.1
7.7
12.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.6
6.1
4.9
3.0
11.5

5.7
6.9
7.8
11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.8
10.2

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers) ...
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other

Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
?

11.7
6.8

6.7
6.9
5.9
4.1
7.2
5.2
3.6
11.0

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




10.6

10.6

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Weeks of unemployment
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

3,343
2,444
2,129
1,004
1,125

3,352
2,411
2,055
944
1,111

3,195
2,256
2,060
984
1,076

3,308
2,165
2,067
974
1,093

3,138
2,151
2,029
973
1,056

3,186
2,144
1,920
945
975

3,203
2,142
1,896
834
1,062

3,220
1,949
1,904
917
987

3,223
2,093
1,801
844
957

3,218
2,029
1,834
899
935

3,229
1,968
1,791
892
899

3,089
2,263
1,733
839
894

3,084
2,145
1,740
841
899

14.8
6.7

14.9
6.7

14.8
6.9

14.8
6.6

14.7
6.6

14.2
6.6

14.3
6.4

14.2
5.8

14.1
6.2

14.0
6.1

14.2
6.0

14.4
6.4

14.4
6.4

100.0
42.2
30.9
26.9
12.7
14.2

100.0
42.9
30.8
26.3
12.1
14.2

100.0
42.5
30.0
27.4
13.1
14.3

100.0
43.9
28.7
27.4
12.9
14.5

100.0
42.9
29.4
27.7
13.3
14.4

100.0
43.9
29.6
26.5
13.0
13.4

100.0
44.2
29.6
26.2
11.5
14.7

100.0
45.5
27.6
26.9
13.0
14.0

100.0
45.3
29.4
25.3
11.9
13.4

100.0
45.4
28.7
25.9
12.7
13.2

100.0
46.2
28.2
25.6
12.8
12.9

100.0
43.6
31.9
24.5
11.8
12.6

100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Reasons for unemployment
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

3,835
1,001
2,834
1,033
2,038
1,007

3,791
1,003
2,788
996
2,078
952

3,705
963
2,742
955
1,965
918

3,612
924
2,688
931
1,995
999

3,554
919
2,635
959
1,980
854

3,529
916
2,613
989
1,930
844

3,389
874
2,515
992
1,969
855

3,313
820
2,493
981
1,908
882

3,388
944
2,444
960
1,845
914

3,307
878
2,429
926
1,974
855

3,200
856
2,344
946
1,945
909

3,209
888
2,320
1,082
1,917
885

3,207
884
2,323
961
1,951
864

100.0
48.5
12.7
35.8
13.1
25.8
12.7

100.0
48.5
12.8
35.7
12.7
26.6
12.2

100.0
49.1
12.8
36.4
12.7
26.1
12.2

100.0
47.9
12.3
35.7
12.4
26.5
13.3

100.0
48.4
12.5
35.9
13.1
26.9
11.6

100.0
48.4
12.6
35.8
13.6
.26.5
11.6

100.0
47.0
12.1
34.9
13.8
27.3
11.9

100.0
46.8
11.6
35.2
13.8
26.9
12.5

100.0
47.7
13.3
34.4
13.5
26.0
12.9

100.0
46.8
12.4
34.4
13.1
28.0
12.1

100.0
45.7
12.2
33.5
13.5
27.8
13.0

100.0
45.2
12.5
32.7
15.3
27.0
12.5

100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4

3.2
.9
1.7
.8

3.2
.8
1.7
.8

3.1
.8
1.6
.8

3.0
.8
1.7
.8

3.0
.8
1.7
.7

2.9
.8
1.6
.7

2.8
.8
1.6
.7

2.8
.8
1.6
.7

2.8
.8
1.5
.8

2.7
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.6
.8

2.6
.9
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

42




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

I

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Service-producing

Construc-

Manufac-

tion

turing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
Services
and
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

(1)
0

(1)
(1)

Annual averages
(1)

1936
1937
1938
1939

..
..
..
..

29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603

25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608

11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297

946
1,015
891
854

1,160
1,127
1,070
1,165

9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278

17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306

2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936

01
()

1,762

(1)
(1)
(1)
4,664

1,373
1,417
1,410
1,447

3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502

O
O
(1)

905

V)
V)

O
O

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

(')
(1)
O
01
(1)
()
0
O
(1)
(')

(1)
(')

O
(11)
()
O
(1)
O
O
0

1950 ..
1951
1952 ..
1953 ..
1954 ..
1955 ..
1956 .......................
1957 ..
1958 ...
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

O1
()
O1
()
O

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

O
O
(11)
()
0

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

..
..

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985 ...
1986
1987 .

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,610
102,112

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,900
85,049

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,681
24,884

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
783
741

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,904
5,031

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,994
19,112

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,930
77,228

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,244
5,378

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,735
5,797

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,845
18,264

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,297
6,589

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,099
24,137

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,888
3,952

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,923
10,167

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

..
..
..
..
..
..

..

..
..
..
..

..
...

•

Monthly data , seasonally adjusted
1987:
February ..
March
April
May ...
June ..
July
August
September .
October
November
December
1988*
Januaryp ...
Februaryp..

101,150
101,329
101,598
101,708
101,818
102,126
... 102,275
102,434
102,983
103,285
103,612

84,215
84,352
84,560
84,677
84,787
85,106
85,229
85,386
85,795
86,072
86,341

24,743
24,749
24,759
24,752
24,761
24,850
24,886
24,917
25,064
25,169
25,259

719
722
729
735
738
744
751
759
764
759
756

5,038
5,032
5,019
4,999
5,008
5,002
5,006
4,989
5,053
5,074
5,121

18,986
18,995
19,011
19,018
19,015
19,104
19,129
19,169
19,247
19,336
19,382

76,407
76,580
. 76,839
76,956
77,057
77,276
77,389
77,517
77,919
78,116
78,353

5,315
5,333
5,348
5,344
5,350
5,363
5,377
5,416
5,436
5,459
5,473

5,757
5,766
5,772
5,775
5,781
5,797
5,807
5,815
5,831
5,851
5,871

18,140
18,136
18,197
18,205
18,226
18,274
18,256
18,314
18,408
18,443
18,458

6,501
6,526
6,558
6,576
6,586
6,608
6,624
6,629
6,650
6,657
6,668

23,759
23,842
23,926
24,025
24,083
24,214
24,279
24,295
24,406
24,493
24,612

2,916
2,922
2,933
2,935
2,935
2,936
2,940
2,962
2,965
2,977
2,981

3,927
3,930
3,943
3,947
3,932
3,952
3,964
3,957
3,973
3,978
3,996

10,092
10,125
10,162
10,149
10,164
10,132
10,142
10,129
10,250
10,258
10,294

103,786
104,317

86,533
86,996

25,204
25,332

745
746

5,059
5,166

19,400
19,420

78,582
78,985

5,486
5,497

5,887
5,903

18,628
18,739

6,681
6,677

24,647
24,848

2,982
2,989

3,994
4,007

10,277
10,325

1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
— preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1986) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1983) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1988P

501

550

532

45.1
9.5
13.5

32.6
6.9
10.2

30.1
5.6
9.6

33.8
7.0
10.7

34.4
7.3
10.7

132.6
130.8

133.6
131.5

132.1
130.4

130.0
128.3

279.3
100.4
178.9

263.0
101.0
162.0

300.4
100.3
200.1

292.1
99.5
192.6

85.0
31.9

74.3
27.0

83.3
31.5

75.7
27.3

4,624

3,924

3,554

3,925

3,530

1,278.4 1,220.2 1,285.2 1,214.1 1,194.7
665.3
624.8 671.0
636.5
52.7
54.1
52.0
50.1
542.7
559.1
562.2
527.5

933.4
471.9
27.0
434.5

883.5
439.6
26.4
417.5

938.3
476.2
24.5
437.6

865.8
440.8
22.6
402.4

652.5
244.2
408.3

535.8
167.3
368.5

624.0
217.1
406.9

516.2
162.6
353.6

716

761

743

43.3
9.1
12.8

40.6
7.7
12.2

44.6
9.2
13.5

10
101
102

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

11,12
12

162.5
160.3

164.1
161.6

161.9
159.9

160.5
158.5

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

13
131,2
138

425.1
204.0
221.1

412.0
206.5
205.5

445.9
203.5
242.4

436.0
201.1
234.9

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

110.6
40.1
33.2
18.0

99.5
35.0
29.0
17.6

109.0
40.2
31.8
18.2

101.3
36.0
28.7
18.2

5,031

4,620

5,044

4,644

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

779.2
292.3
486.9

659.4
210.9
448.5

751.0
267.3
483.7

Durable goods..

740

432.4

641.5
211.9
429.6

Feb.
1988P

19,287 13,021

12,753

7,457

7,318

618.0
67.9
178.0
144.6
30.8
216.8
82.7
57.0
21.6
35.2
34.4
54.9
39.6
65.9

588.1
63.9
171.0
138.8
29.6
204.8
76.2
54.6
20.8
34.6
33.4
50.8
36.9
64.2

11,237 11,087 11,414 11,339 11,355
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

739.0
81.2
201.8
163.8
35.1
262.4
102.0
70.9
24.7
38.7
40.6
72.6
49.1
80.4

704.8
76.6
194.1
157.4
33.8
248.9
94.8
68.2
23.9
37.9
39.5
67.9
46.1
77.8

741.4
80.9
204.8
165.4
36.4
262.4
101.5
71.7
25.3
38.7
40.0
72.3
48.5
81.0

726.5
77.9
200.8
161.9
36.2
259.0
100.2
70.5
25.3
38.9
40.0
67.7
46.1
81.1

529

3,510

2,337.6 2,134.2 2,362.7 2,147.5
485.7
463.4
499.5 480.4
141.1
136.9
122.2
125.8
445.4 431.4
422.5
404.6
412.9
368.3
414.7
378.4
129.9
120.9
134.5
130.4
171.1
142.7
170.7
158.4

2,972.8 2,740.8 3,007.4 2,788.1
657.1
631.1
674.0 656.1
168.9
153.0
165.4
149.3
546.3 525.9
572.4
559.7
488.2 449.1
486.2 438.9
175.1
170.3
169.5
159.1
214.0
199.4 214.9
186.9
19,112 18,803 19,388 19,251

Manufacturing




Dec.
1987

530

741

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores...

44

Jan.
1987

85,049 82,584 86,835 85,110 85,332 68,783 66,616 70,305 68,584 68,762

Mining

See footnotes at end of table.

Avg.
1987

102,112 99,511 104,373 102,348 102,924

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Feb.
1988P

728.2

13,249 13,124

13,162

7,609

7,540

7,560

618.9
67.9
180.2
145.7
31.9
216.8
82.0
58.0
22.1
35.0
33.8
54.4
39.0
65.8

605.2
65.3
176.6
142.6
31.8
213.5
80.5
57.0
22.2
35.4
33.7
50.2
36.7
65.9

606.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

Al employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

513.6
306.4
135.9
98.9
27.3
30.8
67.4
28.8
73.8
37.1

500.7
299.1
133.6
95.4
27.6
29.5
66.2
27.7
71.3
36.4

534.9
321.2
141.5
103.5
30.2
31.8
69.5
29.9
75.6
38.7

533.7
321.3
142.2
103.6
30.3
31.5
69.3
29.5
75.5
38.1

533.3

411.3
258.9
118.9
82.8
22.5
23.4
51.0
22.1
53.3
26.0

401.1
252.2
116.9
79.4
22.7
22.2
50.7
21.3
51.3
25.6

429.9
272.4
123.8
87.3
24.9
24.4
52.6
22.8
55.1
27.0

428.3
272.5
124.3
87.1
25.1
24.4
52.0
22.6
54.7
26.5

428.0
-

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool...

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

584.8
15.0
87.8
44.1
43.7
51.3
21.7
38.3
36.1
211.3
20.3
69.3
102.3
110.2
20.5
9.3
24.5

564.8
15.2
88.5
44.4
44.1
50.0
21.4
36.9
35.8
195.9
19.2
65.6
91.7
109.3
20.9
9.0
25.1

583.3
14.9
86.3
42.4
43.9
52.2
21.3
39.1
36.6
207.9
20.3
69.3
99.1
111.9
20.6
9.4
24.4

564.3
15.0
85.5
42.7
42.8
52.0
20.9
38.6
36.6
192.1
19.3
66.2
87.7
111.1
20.6
9.2
23.9

563.1
-

452.6
11.7
75.2
39.6
35.5
36.3
16.7
30.1
28.9
163.9
13.5
52.7
82.6
79.6
13.9
7.2

432.2
11.9
75.4
39.9
35.5
34.9
16.4
28.8
28.5
149.5
12.7
49.1
72.7
77.7
13.9
6.9

452.1
11.6
74.1
38.3
35.8
37.8
16.2
30.7
29.4
160.4
13.4
52.7
79.4
81.6
14.2
7.2

434.3
11.7
73.5
38.4
35.1
37.7
16.0
30.2
29.2
145.0
12.6
49.5
68.3
81.2
14.1
7.0

433.8
-

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing ..
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

750.6
274.6
208.0
23.3
131.3
81.8
8.7
26.8
40.5
22.6
176.8
22.8
27.6
74.7
85.9
52.6

726.6
254.4
189.3
22.4
128.2
80.3
8.2
26.1
39.7
22.1
177.3
22.3
27.5
75.5
85.7
52.8

768.4
284.0
215.7
24.2
135.6
84.1
9.0
28.1
41.4
23.1
177.2
23.4
27.5
74.9
87.3
53.2

768.5
284.7
216.5
24.1
135.6
83.7
8.9
28.8
41.8
23.5
176.5
23.4
27.4
74.3
87.1
53.1

112.3
287.2
-

565.1
207.3
158.1
17.0
103.5
66.4
6.3
20.0
28.6
16.0
126.3
17.8
20.1
52.7
68.9
42.9

540.6
188.3
140.6
16.2
100.5
65.0
6.0
19.2
27.4
15.0
125.5
17.4
19.9
52.7
68.8
43.1

583.5
216.9
165.7
18.2
107.8
68.5
6.7
21.3
30.0
17.0
127.0
18.2
19.5
53.5
70.0
43.4

584.1
218.1
167.1
18.0
107.9
68.1
6.6
22.0
30.4
17.4
126.5
18.1
19.3
53.1
69.7
43.3

586.8
220.0

Fabricated metal products
34
Metal cans and shipping containers
341
Metal cans
3411
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ... 3423,5
Hardware, nee
3429
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
344
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
3441
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work..
3446

1,428.2 1,415.0 1,455.1 1,447.4 1,446.9 1,058.8 1,045.0 1,083.1 1,074.4 1,075.8
_
48.0
54.7
56.5
56.2
55.0
46.2
46.6
48.3
45.5
45.4
44.1
39.6
43.8
37.4
37.8
39.5
98.6 101.1
134.8
98.4
133.5 134.2 135.9
99.6
49.4
47.7
46.1
33.7
49.4
36.4
36.3
35.0
56.0
57.4
57.3
56.1
74.5
74.9
76.6
75.7
63.6
61.7
61.0
43.9
63.1
44.1
45.0
45.8
24.6
24.4
25.1
25.3
17.8
18.5
18.3
17.9
26.4
27.1
26.3
25.9
17.8
17.8
18.7
18.0
436.6 429.7 442.4 438.4
309.3 300.9 316.5 312.6
78.2
77.8
77.2
76.8
55.7
54.2
55.0
56.1
95.2
89.3
94.5
96.6
65.8
70.6
69.5
71.2
60.3
59.9
57.6
92.5
57.7
92.1
91.4
93.0
112.4 111.3
110.6 109.1
81.0
82.9
83.6
85.0
29.5
29.5
29.4
29.7
21.6
21.5
21.8
21.8

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee ..
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ....
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,039.1 2,006.5 2,089.5 2,096.1 2,101.3 1,214.3 1,185.0 1,255.0 1,262.0 1,269.2
66.5
66.4
61.9
62.8
98.9
100.5
98.7
100.2
16.0
16.0
16.7
15.7
31.0
27.6
27.7
29.3
50.5
50.4
45.2
47.0
69.4
67.9
72.5
72.9
78.3
75.2
55.1
67.5
87.6
109.2
112.1
101.1
53.5
51.7
33.7
46.4
59.9
78.7
80.3
73.5
139.2
138.1
130.3
227.8 229.0
219.3 211.1
123.6
50.7
50.0
47.2
43.3
75.1
82.7
79.5
82.0
12.7
12.5
11.9
10.9
20.7
19.7
18.6
20.5
27.4
26.8
24.6
23.1
44.1
40.3
44.8
41.9
16.1
16.5
15.5
15.2
29.5
30.2
29.8
30.8
18.4
18.4
17.9
17.8
26.4
26.4
25.0
25.6
215.8 216.8
298.1
214.7
300.3 300.5 302.1
213.3
28.7
28.8
29.9
28.7
45.2
45.6
47.2
45.6
12.3
12.4
11.9
11.9
19.1
19.0
19.1
19.1
142.2
110.4
143.6
144.5
142.2
109.6
108.8
109.6
39.5
53.7
39.6
38.0
36.8
55.2
55.5
53.2
15.7
15.7
15.7
21.1
15.7
21.0
21.0
21.3
98.7
98.6
95.0
92.7
164.7
157.0
159.4
164.2
23.6
23.6
23.0
22.6
39.0
39.2
37.3
37.9
14.3
14.4
13.6
12.8
20.2
21.2
21.1
19.3
16.4
16.2
15.8
15.8
26.8
27.3
27.6
26.9
167.7
166.4
253.8 252.8
161.0
162.3
258.1
259.1
26.2
26.0
42.9
44.1
24.7
25.3
45.5
45.1
34.1
34.2
43.5
43.4
33.0
33.3
44.0
44.0
12.8
12.5
21.6
21.6
12.0
12.2
21.5
21.8
20.3
20.4
31.0
30.9
19.9
19.9
31.4
31.4
14.0
13.9
19.7
20.0
13.4
13.6
20.4
20.4
11.5
11.4
16.5
16.5
10.8
10.9
17.1
17.2
153.1
153.7
458.7 457.9 470.1 468.2
149.5
149.9
128.4
129.1
401.7 413.4 411.2
402.8
125.4
125.9
127.2
127.6
175.5
170.8
121.5
125.6
177.8
177.5
93.7
94.1
122.6
126.2
89.4
92.5
127.5
127.4
213.2 214.5
274.5 270.1
205.0
207.6
281.6 282.9
28.4
28.4
34.6
35.0
28.4
28.4
35.5
35.4
186.1
184.8
235.5 246.1
239.5
176.6
179.2
247.5

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,100.8 2,108.9 2,131.8 2,128.3 2,123.6 1,226.-1 1,228.6 1,255.3 1,252.5 1,250.7
106.0
107.3
105.8
77.5
77.8
76.9
107.5
77.4
50.4
50.4
37.4
37.4
37.1
51.4
37.5
51.1
55.6
55.5
40.1
40.4
39.8
56.1
39.9
56.2
187.1
185.0
186.4
128.8
127.2
186.9
129.6
128.8
90.4
91.5
70.2
69.0
91.2
91.5
70.7
69.7
58.6
60.0
34.0
33.7
58.7
59.1
34.4
35.0
137.3
137.3
140.6
139.4
112.7
109.0
111.8
108.2
28.6
28.7
29.8
29.5
24.4
23.4
24.2
23.3
23.4
22.8
21.9
17.8
18.0
22.2
17.5
18.0
34.7
35.6
37.1
28.8
27.3
37.1
28.8
26.4

See footnotes at end of table.

46




94.6
45.3
49.3
237.1
30.4
99.4
96.7
115.5
74.7
40.8
80.2
46.3
212.4
77.0
51.5

93.3
44.3
49.0
240.3
31.0
102.3
96.4
112.3
73.3
39.0
78.6
46.1
209.4
76.5
50.8

96.9
47.0
49.9
239.2
30.3
99.9
98.3
120.1
77.5
42.6
81.8
46.6
220.2
80.0
53.5

97.0
47.2
49.8
235.9
30.5
96.9
97.9
120.4
77.3
43.1
82.0
46.7
221.1
80.9
53.6

72.4
37.1
35.3
189.3
23.3
84.7
73.5
92.5
60.3
32.2
50.3
27.2
154.2
51.7
39.0

71.3
36.1
35.2
192.4
23.9
87.2
73.4
89.9
59.4
30.5
49.4
28.3
150.6
50.5
38.2

74.5
38.7
35.8
191.2
23.3
85.4
74.7
96.8
62.9
33.9
49.9
25.3
160.7
54.3
40.6

74.6
39.0
35.6
187.8
23.4
82.4
74.3
96.8
62.6
34.2
50.4
25.6
161.4
55.2
40.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uoae

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc, electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1987

191.4
27.1
73.7
16.5
27.2
79.8
61.4
614.6
116.1
498.5
635.5
38.1
267.4
258.3
151.4
30.5
64.7

Jan.
1987

192.6
27.2
74.6
16.6
27.5
80.4
62.0
625.9
122.1
503.8
626.4
39.2
264.4
252.8
153.2
29.6
66.6

Dec.
1987

194.5
27.1
74.0
16.9
28.1
80.0
61.9
611.8
113.9
497.9
657.2
38.2
275.3
270.0
153.8
32.6
65.5

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

192.4
26.9
73.8
16.7
27.4
78.8
61.1
610.5
114.0
496.5
659.8
37.9
277.1
270.4
153.2
32.2
65.6

Avg.
1987

139.2
23.1
48.7
11.8
20.6
54.1
40.7
256.8
67.0
189.8
357.1
24.1
103.8
175.2
106.0
23.7
49.4

Jan.
1987

138.7
23.3
48.2
11.9
20.8
54.1
41.1
264.2
71.5
192.7
350.7
24.3
102.7
170.9
106.5
22.9
50.8

Dec.
1987

143.0
23.1
50.0
12.2
21.3
54.8
41.5
256.0
65.6
190.4
372.8
24.4
108.0
184.5
109.4
25.4
50.5

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

142.0
23.0
50.3
12.1
20.7
53.4
40.7
256.1
66.5
189.6
373.8
24.2
108.7
184.8
108.3
24.9
50.1

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

695.8
83.1
238.2
41.0
51.8
100.4
32.2
181.2
86.6
80.2
41.9
108.0
11.2

695.6
82.8
240.5
41.0
53.0
101.4
32.1
180.5
86.5
79.8
39.9
108.8
11.0

701.4
84.3
237.2
41.2
52.1
99.1
32.4
185.1
86.8
83.6
43.5
107.5
11.4

701.4
84.4
236.0
41.3
51.7
98.8
32.2
185.8
87.6
83.4
43.9
107.8
11.3

701.1
378.2
37.5
132.8
26.0
26.9
49.8
15.6
108.7
49.7
51.0
28.6
46.8
8.1

376.1
36.8
133.4
25.3
27.1
50.9
15.6
108.2
49.4
50.8
26.8
47.5
7.8

384.1
38.8
132.5
26.3
27.6
48.3
15.7
112.2
50.2
53.7
30.1
46.3
8.5

384.1
38.8
132.5
26.5
27.5
48.5
15.5
112.5
50.3
53.8
29.9
46.5
8.4

384.7
_

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

369.4
54.0
37.6
12.8
99.8
46.9
52.9
33.2
42.6
24.6
127.0
55.4

353.9
52.7
36.7
12.4
91.0
40.6
50.4
32.4
39.4
23.1
126.0
55.9

374.6
55.4
38.9
13.1
102.8
47.1
55.7
33.3
42.6
24.2
127.4
56.1

368.6
53.7
37.5
12.8
102.5
46.8
55.7
33.5
38.7
21.6
127.4
56.1

373.4
-

255.7
36.0
24.7
10.2
67.3
28.9
38.4
22.5
30.4
17.8
89.3
38.8

271.7
38.4
26.7
11.0
76.7
33.8
42.9
23.1
32.2
18.5
90.3
38.9

265.1
36.9
25.6
10.7
76.1
33.1
43.0
23.1
28.6
16.2
89.7
38.5

270.1
_

2,015.3 2,010.3 2,034.0 2,004.0 2,011.3 1,263.9 1,265.2 1,275.7 1,249.5 1,254.4
661.6 634.4
654.5
653.7
845.0 816.0
843.7
841.5
822.7
638.1
_
_
276.4
339.1
377.1
254.1
276.6
282.4
363.6
367.6
44.7
43.4
39.9
33.6
34.8
34.5
31.2
43.8
386.5
384.2 389.1
383.4
313.0 310.0
307.3
307.5
30.1
30.8
30.3
27.2
23.7
24.1
23.3
20.7
692.1
698.7
699.2
691.1
346.6
345.9
344.1
345.3
349.4
357.1
167.4
369.8
371.1
165.8
159.6
156.3
154.5
156.7
155.7
78.8
80.9
155.0
78.8
79.1
173.6
185.0
100.4
101.3
105.3
173.9
179.2
108.1
190.7
184.1
143.9
139.0
190.6
186.0
145.1
138.2
128.9
128.7
93.9
90.9
93.4
128.6
126.5
94.5
61.7
55.5
50.0
62.0
59.5
50.6
48.1
44.8
22.8
24.1
16.0
16.6
15.6
23.3
23.0
16.1
66.7
68.4
70.4
215.4
214.2
66.0
210.2 206.3
160.8
155.9
49.1
50.0
50.3
162.2
159.0
48.1
48.9
49.8
32.7
34.2
49.7
50.7
33.1
33.8
19.7
15.2
19.2
15.2
15.9
15.0
20.0
20.5

269.0
37.3
25.7
10.6
74.8
34.2
40.5
23.0
32.9
19.1
90.4
38.4

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products .
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

7,875 7,716 7,974 7,912 7,932 5,564 5,435 5,640 5,584 5,602
1,636.1 1,576.4 1,636.4 1,608.6 1,605.2 1,152.6 1,099.3 1,152.2 1,125.5 1,121.7
330.3
336.6
314.9
382.8 372.5 394.9 390.0
324.9
137.6 136.2 142.4 142.0
119.9 119.2
113.5
115.3
76.1
55.6
57.3
55.3
75.8
77.3
56.1
75.1
150.1 142.7 155.8 153.0
136.1 129.0 141.8 138.0
165.7 160.9 166.2 164.6
98.3
99.8
97.2
100.3
39.7
30.7
31.3
29.8
40.0
40.9
30.6
38.0
85.9
42.4
43.0
42.2
85.6
86.0
43.2
84.7
241.1 207.2 218.7 210.6
167.3
175.3
165.3
197.1
25.5
17.8
17.6
17.5
25.3
25.4
18.0
24.3
84.1
52.1
54.3
50.6
66.3
68.6
69.2
64.4
44.9
29.4
32.1
31.4
34.6
37.2
39.4
36.7
121.1
22.6
42.2
211.5

166.2
45.3
97.6
24.5
53.4
32.9

119.7
22.1
41.9
208.0
164.3
43.7
100.3
26.3
54.4
32.6

123.7
23.4
42.5

214.0
166.4
47.6
108.0
29.0
58.9
33.3
207.3
39.3
123.2
170.3

123.2
23.5
42.4
210.9

164.6
46.3
102.0
27.4
54.7
33.2

83.1
15.2
26.7
128.2
91.7
36.5
76.4
19.0
44.0
23.9
90.0
25.3
41.0
128.7

82.1
15.0
26.4
125.3
89.8
35.5
78.7
20.8
44.6
23.9
89.0
25.0
40.5
122.9

131.3
93.4
37.9
85.9
22.9
49.2
24.8
86.7
25.0
39.7
126.0

85.0
16.2
26.8
128.4
91.8
36.6
80.4
21.3
45.5
24.7
85.5
24.8
39.6
125.6

85.8
16.2
27.2

209

125.5
172.4

208.9
40.0
124.8
166.3

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

56.5
40.4

59.7
41.6

58.8
39.7

57.9
39.0

54.8

42.4
29.9

45.9
31.4

44.5
29.1

43.5
28.5

39.1

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225

729.9
107.7
87.6
18.1
22.9
209.7
34.7
36.6
72.2
23.2
25.3
60.6
23.7
22.5
59.0
108.8
79.7
15.9
55.5

715.4

739.5
110.7
90.5
19.0
23.6
208.0
33.9
36.7
71.1
23.1
25.7
60.6
24.0
22.4
60.5
110.2
81.2
15.6
56.4

733.6
110.2
90.5
19.2
23.9

734.3

633.9
97.3
78.1
14.8
19.9
183.9
31.0
32.8
64.2
19.6
22.0
50.9
20.1
18.3
47.9
97.5
72.2
14.1
43.6

620.7
94.0
76.1
14.6
19.3
180.8
31.5
32.5
62.7
19.2
20.8
50.6
20.0
18.4
46.0
96.5
70.7
14.7
42.8

641.8
100.0
80.8
15.5
20.5
182.5
30.3
32.9
63.3
19.5
22.2
50.9
20.4
18.2
48.7
98.6
73.5
13.8
44.3

636.8
99.4
80.6
15.7
20.7
178.9
30.0
32.7
60.1
19.4
22.3
50.6
20.0
18.1
48.7
98.3
73.2
13.5
43.9

637.9

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233

1,113.1 1,096.5 1,119.5 1,106.5 1,116.4
57.6
58.9
57.5
57.4
319.2
305.9
314.5
321.1
85.2
85.0
86.3
86.4
55.5
55.1
54.5
55.8
98.7
91.4
96.0
98.4
357.5 350.0 354.2 347.5
48.1
49.7
48.6
49.5
80.4
84.3
82.0
82.3
40.2
44.3
41.6
39.5
179.2
178.7 182.0 178.8

934.8
49.4
271.5
73.8
47.7
84.0

920.3
50.7
264.5
72.8
48.5
80.1
289.9
41.1
68.3
31.9

941.4
49.5

930.1
49.8
275.6
72.7
48.5
86.7
289.1
39.7
66.0
32.3
151.1

939.3

See footnotes at end of table.

48




2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

2331
2335
2337

2339

211.0
40.0

104.3
85.4
17.7
22.3

206.5
35.3
36.2
70.7
23.0
24.1
60.3
23.6
22.6
56.5
107.8
78.0
16.5
54.6

204.3
39.0
122.2
169.8

203.3
33.5
36.5
67.8
22.9
25.5
60.6
24.0
22.2
59.8
110.0
80.9
15.6
56.1

297.5
41.3
70.2
35.8
150.1

148.6

276.9
73.5
43.7
86.2

295.4
40.5
67.8
33.4
153.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

73.2
59.6
13.6
57.7
24.0
41.5
192.4
26.9
52.9
39.8

74.4
60.4
14.0
60.0
25.5
40.1
188.6
26.5
49.7
40.6

72.2
58.8
13.4
58.1
24.2
41.1
197.0
27.4
55.6
40.1

71.2
58.1
13.1
57.6
24.4
39.7
195.4
26.8
54.5
39.6

678.2
193.3

674.0
194.5

678.0
192.3

170.5
53.0
229.4

2641
2642
2643
265

169.4
52.9
233.2
58.6
26.8
52.8
198.8

2651
2653
2654

681.2
193.3
169.2
52.8
233.7
58.8
27.1
54.0
201.4
43.9

104.7
23.6

105.7
23.7

106.0
24.2

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396
26
261,2,6
262
263
264

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee..
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ...
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

286
2865
2861,9
287

289

42.9

58.1
27.0
52.3
197.1
42.4
104.9
22.5

Feb.
1988P

677.1

Avg.
1987

59.4
50.3
9.1
48.6
21.2
34.1
163.0
22.2
47.7
33.5

58.6
49.7
8.9
48.3
21.4
32.9
161.4
21.7
46.5
32.8

515.0

511.4
148.3
129.4
40.3
169.8
36.4
21.3

517.4
146.6

515.1

127.5
40.2
172.8
36.6

127.2
40.3

41.5
153.0
33.5
79.7
19.2

841.2
170.8
44.6
60.4
37.5

1,026.6 1,011.5 1,044.0 1,041.6 1,046.4
135.6
136.1
133.0
133.7
91.1
88.6
88.7
90.6
165.7 168.1 168.2
165.7
77.8
77.8
75.1
76.3
60.4
60.1
60.6
61.3
211.7 207.8 216.8 218.0
166.0 173.2 174.7
168.9
146.9 157.1 155.4
152.5
42.4
43.2
42.0
41.6
41.7
41.4
39.8
40.6
72.5
71.3
69.9
65.5
63.0
61.8
62.2
61.8
153.9
152.4
154.2
151.5
30.0
30.1
29.5
28.9
124.1
123.9
122.9
122.6
54.8
53.8
53.4
54.1
94.6
95.0
91.4
93.5

575.2
67.8
48.7

563.6
68.0
49.3

109.4
45.21
42.5
97.3
76.4
97.0
26.5
22.2
48.3
30.9
85.7
19.4
66.3
34.2
52.9
107.5
79.8
21.1

164.8

160.6
124.9
24.5

164.4
126.3
26.4

163.4

126.6
25.2

164.2

Jan.
1988P

61.8
51.6
10.2
50.6
22.3
33.4
154.7
21.3
42.0
34.2

1,501.4 1,477.0 1,532.6 1,529.5 1,537.2
466.9
462.2 457.6 470.4
121.9
117.6 125.6 126.8
113.9
113.3
112.6
113.2
83.8
83.7
83.7
83.9
30.1
29.6
28.9
29.2
80.3
80.8
75.1
77.6
517.3 543.0 541.9
529.1
168.5 163.7 173.2 171.9
332.5 325.9 340.9 341.0
49.3
49.3
49.4
48.8
74.7
75.2
72.5
73.8
54.4
54.4
52.6
53.3

125.6
27.8

Dec.
1987

60.3
50.8
9.6
48.2
21.0
34.7
158.4
21.8
44.9
33.4

146.8
127.9
39.9
173.4
37.3
20.9
41.8
154.9
34.0
79.5
20.3

168.6
52.8
232.0
58.2
27.2
53.5
200.9
43.2

Jan.
1987

22.9
41.2
383.0
121.1

239.5
34.0
59.1
39.7

21.2
42.8
157.8

34.9
80.5
20.4

172.0
36.9
21.2
42.3
156.8
34.5
80.4
20.5

41.7

395.3
123.6
248.5
34.3
60.0
40.5

394.5
122.7
248.7
34.4
60.2
40.6
584.7
67.1
47.9

111.0
44.9
44.3
96.1
75.8
92.3
26.2
21.2
44.9
30.1
81.7
19.3
62.4
33.0
51.4

586.8
67.1
48.0
110.3
45.7
42.2
100.2
79.0
100.5
27.3
23.1
50.1
30.2
88.7
19.6
69.1
35.4
54.4

102.6
77.9
18.3

107.2
80.9
19.8

106.6
81.7
18.4

61.7
38.7
23.0
40.5
374.3
118.9
233.5
34.8
58.1

39.6

862.7
175.3

45.9
60.0
36.7
23.3

515.2

146.0

860.3
171.8
46.5
61.0
37.4
23.6
42.3

830.6
170.3
43.4

Feb.
1988P

867.2

589.8

110.4
45.6
42.4

100.9
79.9
98.2
26.4
23.2
48.6
29.9
89.1
19.5
69.6
34.9
54.2
107.5

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods.

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

16.5
82.7
488.1

16.6
83.0
485.6

151.6
-

126.0
11.3
76.1
31.8
28.1
8.1
15.1

121.0
11.3
72.4
29.7
27.6
7.5
15.0

128.2
11.1
78.6
33.9
28.3
9.1
14.4

126.1
10.9
78.1
33.9
28.5
8.5
13.9

126.0
_

5,426

5,431

4,458

4,337

4,574

4,494

4,502

3,272

3,196

3,202

259.5
91.8
_
28.7
-

267.0
90.8
_
27.6
-

272.2
92.7
_
28.8
-

270.0
92.7
_
28.7
-

21.8
104.3
595.3

21.8
102.9
576.8

22.4
106.9
617.3

22.4
107.4
615.0

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

150.5
13.6
88.4
39.2
31.8
11.3
18.5

145.5
13.6
84.7
37.2
31.4
10.5
18.5

153.9
13.4
91.6
41.5
32.1
12.4
18.2

151.2
13.1
90.9
41.2
32.2
11.8
17.5

5,378

5,245

5,510

3,150

3,040

306.7
270.7

303.8
268.5

295.8
259.5

288.1
252.0

Local and interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

280.9
100.5
34.5
31.7
89.7

287.7
98.8
35.9
30.6
100.6

294.3
101.3
34.6
31.9
100.7

293.1
101.7
34.2
31.4
100.7

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

174.1
26.6
95.3

164.5
24.2
91.8

174.3
26.0
93.2

173.1
25.0
93.6

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .

45
451,2
458

604.3
534.4
69.9

592.8
524.7
68.1

615.2
542.3
72.9

610.0
537.1
72.9

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

17.9

17.6

18.0

18.0

Transportation services.
Freight forwarding

47
471

300.1
71.3

289.9
68.0

307.9
74.6

309.1
74.7

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment ,
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

50




50
501
5012
5013

658.2
-

15.6
78.9
453.3

303,4
306
307

49
491
492
493
495

Feb.
1988P

15.8
80.2
469.0

842.1
86.2
11.1

40
4011

Electric, gas, and sanitary services.
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Jan.
1988P

655.5
61.2
9.1

843.8
86.0
11.2

48
481
483
4832
4833

Dec.
1987

657.6
61.0
9.3

799.0
87.1
10.4

Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

Jan.
1987

620.0
63.5
8.7

818.2
86.2
10.5

Transportation

Avg.
1987

635.5
61.8
8.7

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities .

Feb.
1988P

845.1
-

1,465.3 1,383.8 1,566.4 1,504.3
1,357.4 1,280.9 1,451.7 1,392.6
111.7
114.7
102.9
107.9

2,228 2,205 2,238 2,230
1,297.3 1,282.0 1,308.8 1,302.7
887.9
893.7
895.3
886.0
236.2
240.0 239.8
236.1
112.6
113.0
112.6
113.5
122.7
127.4
127.2
123.1

1,276.0 1,200.8 1,370.6 1,309.8
1,185.1 1,114.4 1,273.4 1,215.8
94.0
86.4
97.2
90.8

2,229
-

13.0

12.8

13.0

13.0

_
986.3
661.8
193.8
-

_
975.1
656.3
193.8
_

_
993.6
662.8
196.2
-

991.5
658.6
196.9
-

737.0
346.5
132.2
167.6
68.1

731.3
346.6
131.1
168.1
63.8

732.1
343.8
131.1
164.2
70.5

729.9
342.4
130.6
163.8
70.8

930.7
453.9
166.7
203.4
78.5

922.6
451.8
165.6
204.3
73.7

929.2
452.7
166.1
200.6
81.3

927.0
450.9
165.8
200.3
81.8

5,797

5,700

5,878

5,846

5,853

4,637

4,559

4,699

4,665

3,419
434.6
112.1
291.1

3,368
432.3
111.4
290.3

3,473
435.4
113.6
290.7

3,465
434.9
113.6
290.3

3,473
-

2,704
348.3

2,668
346.3
-

2,744
349.3
_

2,734
348.8

4,672

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals .
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

Production workers'

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

138.3
142.3
133.9
141.4
60.2
61.5
59.3
62.0
78.1
80.8
74.6
79.4
228.7 223.8 228.;
222.7
103.8
103.5
101.0
102.6
124.9
124.7
122.8
120.1
80.5
83.5
78.0
81.9
133.7
137.4
131.0
138.3
492.3 488.8 499.8
500.6
271.7
269.5 277.3
111 A
73.0
73.0
72.6
12.4
147.6
149.5
146.7
150.8
263.4 260.0
265.8
264.1
91.4
92.3
89.3
91.9
109.0
110.5
108.1
109.9
1,451.6 1,429.9 1,476.2 1,480.9
535.5 528.7 547.8 550.0
81.7
82.7
80.2
83.2
119.8
119.2
114.9
119.1
296.4 294.0 300.2 300.8
130.0
132.5
128.5
132.9
175.3
178.8
174.4
180.4
195.5
190.5 204.1
200.3
89.6
93.9
87.2
92.7
2,379
192.7
175.6
192.8
764.9
249.0
64.1
88.3
133.3
195.4
79.4
116.0
153.5
96.7
56.9
441.5
146.1

2,332
189.7
169.8
190.3
754.2
247.6
63.9
88.3
130.3
194.4
79.1
115.3
149.9
94.0
55.9
425.1
138.0

18,264 17,810

2,405
194.1
183.1
193.6
772.6
252.5
64.7
86.2
135.0
197.6
80.7
116.9
155.1
96.3
58.8
444.5
142.3

2,381
194.6
183.3
190.9
761.9
251.0
64.0
82.3
134.5
196.9
80.7
116.2
153.2
95.2
58.0
439.0
142.7

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

111.5

107.6

115.4

113.7

188.2

183.6

187.7

181.9

66.5
104.5
374.7

64.2
102.1
372.0

69.1
108.0
380.6

66.9
109.0
380.3

212.3

209.2

214.8

212.6

1,141.8 1,132.2 1,154.9 1,160.1

2,380

19,086 18,349 18,233

156.2

151.2

163.7

160.5

1,933
156.4
145.6
145.0
646.7

1,891
154.6
140.8
143.3
637.9

1,955
156.1
152.2
146.7
652.5

1,931
155.8
152.5
144.0
642.6

97.9
152.5

94.2
150.9

100.5
154.5

99.6
153.9

126.3

123.0

127.1

125.4

357.7

342.5

360.0

354.2

16,233 15,839 16,990 16,261

Building materials and garden supplies ...
Lumber and other building materials . .
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,406.3 2,409.4 2,756.8 2,555.9 2,455.7 2,254.3 2,266.2 2,586.3 2,389.2
2,012.2 2,022.3 2,308.7 2,148.3
1,903.0 1,921.5 2,183.9 2,026.4
246.4 243.0 271.4
250.5
223.4 219.9 247.7 227.0
144.1
147.7
157.1
154.7
176.7
135.8
124.8
128.0

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioned .
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

2,959.1 2,917.8 3,059.3 3,009.2 3,009.3 2,724.4 2,691.9 2,815.6 2,763.3
2,599.5 2,565.4 2,667.5 2,654.5
2,404.0 2,376.7 2,464.9 2,448.9
59.1
62.0
59.6
59.9
34.4
41.9
34.0
35.9
164.3
163.8
165.1
170.1
148.8
154.3
149.4
149.9

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

1,987.3 1,958.1 2,002.6 2,001.1 2,008.2 1,666.0 1,641.6 1,674.1 1,672.2
988.9
969.1 958.8
982.6
805.1
796.9 813.9 819.1
314.5 307.8
318.0 314.6
257.4 254.6
254.2 248.5
608.4 604.8 611.5 609.7
529.2
531.3
530.3 527.1

722.1
391.6
160.6

679.1
372.4
154.3

726.0
392.3
165.9

699.2
382.4
161.5

Feb.
1988P

599.7
331.6
133.4

561.7
313.8
128.1

601.7
330.7
137.4

16,127

576.1
320.5
133.6

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
vyOQcJ

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers

All employees
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Feb.
1988P

1,100.7 1,110.6 1,193.7 1,104.4
116.6
110.9
106.8
106.5
394.8
418.2
391.6
388.2
248.8
247.5
278.6 247.4
207.7
224.9
211.8
215.4
792.6
443.0
278.2
86.7
262.9
195.0
67.9

851.3
474.4
295.0
87.3
289.6
215.8
73.8

833.4
466.9
292.9
86.8
279.7
208.7
71.0

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

931.1
87.7
332.2
214.8
173.3

942.6 1,021.3
97.5
92.6
356.9
338.2
245.7
216.0
188.0
166.6

933.7
87.2
328.4
214.9
179.2

665.3
372.5
73.1
219.7
-

659.2
364.7
74.2
220.3
-

704.8
391.1
75.7
238.0
-

687.8
383.2
_
74.7
229.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

5,993.6 5,665.4 6,009.1 5,797.5 5,823.5 5,460.1 5,151.6 5,467.4 5,259.7

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers .
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,291.9 2,276.6 2,487.2 2,348.3
625.8
614.3
579.5
590.5
129.0
127.0
125.1
122.6
759.8
879.9
764.7
793.1
131.7
147.7
132.9
139.7
77.1
82.0
77.8
78.8
78.2
77.1
76.7
75.9
151.1
164.9
146.1
152.2
162.9
141.9
139.0
143.1
64,0
67.8
63.8
64.6
258.5
255.0
272.5
255.9
122.8
134.4
122.7
120.5
81.8
83.8
79.5
84.0
117.8
116.3
113.8
119.4
375.0
355.9
353.5
360.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

803.2
452.9
284.0
85.4
264.9
197.3
67.6

Jan.
1987

6,654

6,623

6,614

3,278

3,222

3,298

3,294

3,280

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

893.4
401.4
222.1
171.1
234.7
54.5
178.1

872.2
391.7
216.6
166.9
231.2
52.0
172.0

896.9
405.9
224.1
173.9
238.6
57.2
171.6

895.9
404.2
223.9
172.6
239.3
59.1
170.7

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

438.7
349.7

416.2
331.4

453.5
360.8

449.7
357.0

Holding and other investment offices

67

209.7

200.1

215.0

214.3

2,044

2,007

2,080

2,080

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

52




631.2

611.3

650.5

650.0

_
98.0
308.6

_
228.8
_
_
100.0
289.9

4,844

4,731

4,863

4,825

1,250.8 1,252.9 1,242.5 1,241.7
1,120.5 1,122.4 1,113.4 1,112.6
-

1,735.9 1,733.6 1,732.5 1,734.0
1,561.0 1,559.2 1,557.8 1,558.9
344.9
346.5
348.0
343.0
375.9
376.5
376.9
373.5
87.0
86.7
86.1
86.8

1,412.3 1,395.6 1,429.4 1,430.2
593.7
585.5
594.1
580.6
198.4
193.7
199.4
192.6
540.9
531.7
541.8
518.8
53.8
61.1
59.0
53.3

_
245.7

94.3
293.8

_
230.2
_
97.7
287.2

_
232.9

6,422

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Insurance

1,931.3 1,924.3 2,118.8 1,979.3
522.7
535.4
502.0
492.9
_
_
_
_
i 638.4 645.0
668.1
755.1
_
_
_
_

6,589

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks ..

Feb.
1988P

668.4
306.1
_
180.8
-

655.0
298.9
_
178.3

666.7
308.5
_
183.2
_

662.8
305.9
_
183.7
_

950.7
364.6
155.9
350.9
-

954.7
357.6
160.5
363.8
-

955.9
356.7
161.0
367.0
-

.•

2,090

;

951.8
360.2
156.1
357.8
-

4,80

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Avg.
1987

1,267

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc .

66

Production workers1

All employees
Jan.
1987

1,193

Dec.
1987

1,276

Jan.
1988P
1,249

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

1,244

1,255.0 1,181.0 1,263.7 1,236.3
523.9 505.1 525.2 506.5
527.2 496.4 538.6 537.2
168.0 146.4 164.3 157.6
12.3

12.3

12.2

12.2

24,137 23,268 24,514 24,228 24,550 21,137 20,342 21,455 21,153 21,451

Services .
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,447.4 1,341.5 1,417.5 1,401.5
1,407.1 1,309.1 1,387.3 1,371.5

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,152.2 1,138.1 1,185.2 1,208.3
406.3 393.3 418.9 413.8
62.0
61.6
57.9
67.3
351.1 348.8 353.2 349.7
79.0
78.6
78.5
78.4

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic ...
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services ..
Computer programming and software ....
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,097.0 4,879.8 5,243.2 5,142.7 5,173.9 4,371.9 4,169.5 4,504.9 4,404.1
200.9 200.8 203.3 200.9
149.7 148.9 152.9 150.4
148.3 148.8 149.9 148.4
104.2 101.5 102.9 102.4
207.8 199.3 221.6 220.0
689.2 679.5 679.2 671.9
615.7
609.8
624.3
612.8
1,188.0 1,054.4 1,271.5 1,201.9
184.3 166.9 196.3 191.3
944.3 834.9 1,009.2 944.8
638.6 614.6 669.0 679.0
524.1
531.3
501.7 484.7
237.4 224.2 254.5 253.4
300.2 291.0 310.9 317.5

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,059.2 2,020.8 2,086.5 2,057.5
197.7 195.6 200.1 200.0
570.5 553.9 577.1 568.4
451.2 448.5 452.8 445.1
216.9 208.7 221.3 219.4
79.2
83.1
80.5
78.9

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee .
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Feb.
1988P

Auto repair, services, and garages ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

795.8
174.3
472.6

773.8
166.9
458.4

810.2
178.3
481.3

801.4
167.9
482.3

Miscellaneous repair services.
Electrical repair shops .

76
762

322.2
105.0

316.1
106.3

329.7
103.5

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services.
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

232.3
116.8
102.4

228.1
115.4
100.1

Amusement and recreation services

79

986.2

836.6

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric ...
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

1,256.1 1,160.5 1,231.7 1,218.3

361.4

349.9

371.5

366.7

316.5

315.4

317.5

314.2

663.2

647.1

673.2

662.2

390.5

380.6

397.3

395.2

328.2
102.9

268.2

262.4

274.5

271.9

234.7
122.8
98.1

235.7
124.3
97.3

195.8
94.7

190.5
91.8

199.6
101.6

198.6
101.2

879.1

824.5

859.0

718.9

758.7

704.7

6,879.4 6,705.7 7,048.5 7,073.1 7,125.6 6,111.7 5,958.9 6,257.7 6,273.1
1,074.5 1,032.1 1,119.0 1,129.1
883.5 849.8
918.7
921.5
413.9
432.4 433.1
479.7 468.6
423.3
489.6 491.3
1,296.7 1,279.3 1,309.6 1,310.4
1,171.2 1,155.7 1,181.9 1,181.8
865.3
854.8
874.3 874.7
431.3 424.5 435.3 435.7
2,874.9 2,808.5 2,940.4 2,952.7
3,151.9 3,080.7 3,223.6 3,235.1
2,950.0 2,884.0 3,017.4 3,027.5
67.6
70.0
65.6
69.3
134.2 131.1 136.9 137.6
140.8
135.3
147.0
146.5
269.0
258.9 276.8 277.2

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Avg.
1987

792.0

Jan.
1987
772.6

Dec.
1987

801.4

Jan.
1988P

82
821
822
824

1,426.1 1,429.9 1,508.3 1,412.2
360.3 371.2 374.5
372.7
911.5 909.3 976.9 886.1
71.6
71.4
73.5
72.5

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,539.6 1,500.3 1,591.1 1,584.6
313.5 298.8
325.4 324.0
265.2 256.1
263.8 261.1
336.6 327.5
344.9
344.1

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,536.1 1,509.4 1,535.7 1,513.7
90.0
91.3
91.5
91.2
132.0
130.8 131.0
127.8
352.6
355.2 331.8
337.3

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,309.0 1,276.7 1,328.1 1,339.3
677.7
714.7
700.3
711.9
126.0
132.1
129.9
129.5
447.4
453.5 470.1
451.9

Government
4

Federal Government

4

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




649.0

Dec.
1987

671.9

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

666.5

49.7

1,064.8 1,039.4 1,077.6 1,087.4
590.5
571.2 603.1
598.8
350.3

17,063

16,927

17,538

17,238

17,592

2,943

2,888

2,972

2,958

2,968

3731

125.2
76.6

122.9
73.7

126.9
78.2

126.0
77.2

806

39.9
412.5
251.3

38.3
402.4
244.6

40.1
413.5
253.0

39.9
410.2
253.2

806
82

3,962
3,952
4,076
3,898
449.9 445.1 453.4 453.7
1,585.6 1,564.3 1,712.8 1,593.9

348.8

347.8

364.1

4,103

1,346.0 1,328.5 1,343.0 1,346.1

806
82

10,167 10,141 10,490 10,318 10,521
493.2 488.6 495.4
495.0
623.2 612.9 635.4
636.6
5,643.6 5,766.9 5,992.3 5,841.2
3,070.9 2,958.4 3,040.2 3,024.6

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

54

51.8

Jan.
1987

2,885.5 2,831.9 2,914.3
985.3 964.8
991.5
808.1
810.3
832.9
1,089.9 1,059.0 1,089.9
37.6
38.0
37.9
18.9
19.6
20.0

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

46.1

Avg.
1987

665.5

796.7

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

50.7

Feb.
1988P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Avg.
1987

Dec.
1986

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

47,263

47,035

48,164

48,502

48,777

Total private

38,555

38,229

39,184

39,418

39,699

Goods-producing

6,910

6,839

7,036

7,045

7,024

98

98

98

98

99

534

515

546

545

540

6,278

6,226

6,392

6,402

6,385

Durable goods
* Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .,.
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,003
118
161
114
101
324
448
874
391
301
171

2,990
113
157
113
99
322
442
887
389
301
167

3,048
121
165
115
103
329
453
884
394
304
181

3,058
120
167
115
104
329
455
887
396
305
181

3,060
120
167
115
104
329
459
890
397
305
174

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,276
517
18
352
887
166
644
295
24
283
90

3,236
511
20
349
886
165
632
286
24
276
87

3,344
542
20
357
902
167
650
299
24
291
93

3,344
530
19
357
902
168
658
301
24
292
93

3,325
517
20
355
892
168
661
303
24
294
92

40,353

40,196

.41,128

41,457

41,753

Transportation and public utilities ....

1,532

1,509

1,563

1,561

1,564

Wholesale trade

1,709

1,686

1,741

1,749

1,752

Retail trade

9,677

9,974

9,821

10,024

10,270

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

4,109

4,013

4,136

4,141

4,157

14,618

14,208

14,887

14,898

14,932

8,708
1,048
1,902
5,758

8,806
1,028
1,913
5,865

8,980
1,049
1,967
5,964

9,084
1,053
1,983
6,048

9,078
1,057
1,979
6,042

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to
revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1987
Industry

Total ...
Total private ..
Goods-producing ...
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors ..

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.P

Feb.?

101,150

101,329

101,598

101,708

101,818

102,126

102,275

102,434

102,983

103,285

103,612

103,786

104,317

84,215

84,352

84,560

84,677

84,787

85,106

85,229

85,386

85,795

86,072

86,341

86,533

86,996

24,743

24,749

24,759

24,752

24,761

24,850

24,886

24,917

25,064

25,169

25,259

25,204

25,332

719
406

722
408

729
416

735
420

738
425

744
430

751
434

759
439

764
443

759
439

756
436

745
428

746
429

5,038
1,309

5,032
1,291

5,019
1,272

4,999
1,267

5,008
1,266

5,002
1,261

5,006
1,262

4,989
1,260

5,053
1,279

5,074
1,280

5,121
1,290

5,059
1,303

5,166
1,320

18,986

18,995

19,011

19,018

19,015

19,104

19,129

19,169

19,247

19,336

19,382

19,400

19,420

Durable goods
11,179
733
Lumber and wood products
501
Furniture and fixtures
588
Stone, clay, and glass products
733
Primary metal industries
261
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
1,419
Fabricated metal products
...
2,018
Machinery except electrical
2,106
Electrical and electronic equipment ..
2,022
Transportation equipment
859
Motor vehicles and equipment
695
Instruments and related products ......................
364
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,176
734
502
586
739
266
1,419
2,015
2,099
2,022
854
694
366

11,175
736
504
586
743
272
1,423
2,022
2,092
2,011
847
694
364

11,175
738
509
584
742
272
1,420
2,025
2,087
2,011
843
693
366

11,176
735
510
582
746
275
1,424
2,028
2,080
2,010
842
693
368

11,195
740
518
582
750
277
1,424
2,033
2,088
1,995
814
695
370

11,248
736
518
582
754
278
1,425
2,044
2,095
2,028
848
695
371

11,268
740
520
581
764
283
1,429
2,053
2,096
2,018
837
695
372

11,319
741
524
583
768
286
1,438
2,064
2,111
2,019
838
697
374

11,367
750
526
588
771
287
1,446
2,074
2,118
2,016
835
701
377

11,403
753
530
590
771
285
1,451
2,085
2,128
2,018
832
701
376

11,405
753
533
585
768
284
1,453
2,096
2,130
2,006
822
703
378

11,413
754
532
588
771
287
1,454
2,097
2,128
2,005
822
703
381

7,807
1,630
58
722
1,101
679
1,483
1,018
164
805
147

7,819
1,635
57
725
1,103
678
1,485
1,017
164
807
148

7,836
1,642
56
724
1,104
677
1,493
1,018
164
809
149

7,843
1,633
57
727
1,107
677
1,497
1,022
164
809
150

7,839
1,634
57
729
1,108
676
1,498
1,014
164
810
149

7,909
1,644
57
736
1,130
678
1,504
1,026
164
815
155

7,881
1,632
56
732
1,110
677
1,508
1,031
164
819
152

7,901
1,631
55
735
1,117
681
1,509
1,031
166
824
152

7,928
1,635
55
736
1,123
678
1,514
1,035
167
833
152

7,969
1,645
56
738
1,128
680
1,522
1,041
167
840
152

7,979
1,645
56
739
1,121
681
1,525
1,047
167
845
153

7,995
1,662
56
737
1,115
681
1,531
1,048
167
845
153

8,007
1,663
55
738
1,114
682
1,537
1,051
168
846
153

Manufacturing ..

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products ..
Tobacco manufactures ...
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products . . . .
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ..
Leather and leather products

...

...

76,407

76,580

76,839

76,956

77,057

77,276

77,389

77,517

77,919

78,116

78,353

78,582

78,985

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities ..

5,315
3,097
2,218

5,333
3,112
2,221

5,348
3,124
2,224

5,344
3,120
2,224

5,350
3,128
2,222

5,363
3,133
2,230

5,377
3,147
2,230

5,416
3,183
2,233

5,436
3,198
2,238

5,459
3,218
2,241

5,473
3,233
2,240

5,486
3,245
2,241

5,497
3,257
2,240

Wholesale trade ..
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

5,757
3,391
2,366

5,766
3,397
2,369

5,772
3,397
2,375

5,775
3,401
2,374

5,781
3,405
2,376

5,797
3,418
2,379

5,807
3,422
2,385

5,815
3,431
2,384

5,831
3,444
2,387

5,851
3,456
2,395

5,871
3,473
2,398

5,887
3,482
2,405

5,903
3,494
2,409

18,140
2,373
2,940
1,979
5,956

18,136
2,380
2,944
1,979
5,964

18,197
2,385
2,953
1,978
5,962

18,205
2,390
2,956
1,978
5,976

18,226
2,387
2,960
1,983
5,982

18,274
2,407
2,959
1,985
5,985

18,256
2,411
2,962
1,985
5,992

18,314
2,415
2,958
1,988
6,018

18,408
2,459
2,969
2,000
6,032

18,443
2,454
2,982
2,003
6,047

18,458
2,453
2,996
2,013
6,064

18,628
2,501
3,021
2,021
6,083

18,739
2,545
3,037
2,037
6,098

6,501
3,243
2,016
1,242

6,526
3,256
2,022
1,248

6,558
3,272
2,032
1,254

6,576
3,276
2,037
1,263

6,586
3,280
2,037
1,269

6,608
3,291
2,043
1,274

6,624
3,293
2,050
1,281

6,629
3,292
2,054
1,283

6,650
3,296
2,068
1,286

6,657
3,301
2,069
1,287

6,668
3,301
2,082
1,285

6,681
3,307
2,084
1,290

6,677
3,296
2,092
1,289

23,759
4,984
6,748

23,842
5,020
6,773

23,926
5,044
6,800

24,025
5,083
6,822

24,083
5,086
6,853

24,214
5,105
6,887

24,279
5,133
6,923

24,295
5,152
6,943

24,406
5,194
6,987

24,493
5,195
7,023

24,612
5,217
7,063

24,647
5,216
7,087

24,848
5,269
7,147

16,935
2,916
3,927
10,092

16,977
2,922
3,930
10,125

17,038
2,933
3,943
10,162

17,031
2,935
3,947
10,149

17,031
2,935
3,932
10,164

17,020
2,936
3,952
10,132

17,046
2,940
3,964
10,142

17,048
2,962
3,957
10,129

17,188
2,965
3,973
10,250

17,213
2,977
3,978
10,258

17,271
2,981
3,996
10,294

17,253
2,982
3,994
10,277

17,321
2,989
4,007
10,325

Service-producing ..

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services ..
Health services ..
Government
Federal
State ...
Local ...
p

...
...

-

...

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1986

56




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1986

1987

Industry
Dec.
Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

46,358 46,517 46,654 46,766 46,937 46,999 47,142 47,372 47,461 47,509 47,811 47,910 48,077
37,767 37,909 38,057 38,133 38,271 38,337 38,445 38,649 38,754 38,783 38,992 39,099 39,219
6,842

6,838

6,843

6,846

6,863

6,869

6,876

6,923

6,915

6,936

6,976

7,010

7,024

98

97

97

96

97

97

98

98

98

99

99

98

99

519

522

524

526

530

533

534

536

536

537

540

543

544

6,225

6,219

6,222

6,224

6,236

6,239

6,244

6,289

6,281

6,300

6,337

6,369

6,381

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment ....
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,985
115
155
113
99
321
441
884
389
301
167

2,979
115
156
114
99
320
440
880
388
300
167

2,983
117
156
113
100
320
441
876
392
300
168

2,978
117
157
113
100
320
441
870
392
299
169

2,980
117
157
114
100
322
444
868
391
299
168

2,980
118
159
114
99
322
444
866
390
299
169

2,983
118
160
114
100
323
444
864
390
299
171

2,990
119
163
113
100
323
446
869
385
301
171

3,005
118
162
114
102
324
450
872
391
300
172

3,018
119
163
113
103
325
453
876
392
302
172

3,036
120
165
114
103
327
455
881
393
304
174

3,045
120
165
115
104
328
456
883
394
304
176

3,054
121
166
116
104
328
459
887
395
304
174

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products ...

3,240
514
19
349
889
165
629
287
25
276
87

3,240
514
19
349
883
165
632
289
24
278
87

3,239
514
19
350
878
165
634
290
24
278
87

3,246
517
19
352
878
165
636
290
24
278
87

3,256
518
18
351
880
165
640
291
24
281
88

3,259
515
19
351
883
165
641
292
24
280
89

3,261
515
18
352
883
165
643
292
24
280
89

3,299
521
17
355
902
165
644
295
24
282
94

3,276
513
17
354
884
165
647
298
24
283
91

3,282
513
17
353
890
166
647
297
24
284
91

3,301
518
17
354
894
165
650
299
24
288
92

3,324
521
18
355
899
168
655
302
24
291
91

3,327
520
19
354
894
169
657
304
24
294
92

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

39,516 39,679 39,811 39,920 40,074 40,130 40,266 40,449 40,546 40,573 40,835 40,900 41,053

Transportation and public utilities

1,501

1,507

1,510

1,517

1,520

1,524

1,531

1,531

1,539

1,544

1,554

1,555

1,555

Wholesale trade

1,675

1,682

1,691

1,695

1,695

1,693

1,703

1,712

1,721

1,718

1,724

1,733

1,742

Retail trade

9,504

9,547

9,607

9,603

9,636

9,629

9,642

9,679

9,712

9,720

9,762

9,780

9,790

Finance, insurance, and real estate . ...

4,016

4,036

4,053

4,064

4,087

4,100

4,109

4,126

4,132

4,135

4,148

4,153

4,161

14,353 14,408 14,470

14,522

14,584

14,678

14,735

14,730

14,828 14,868

14,947

8,662
1,045
1,897
5,720

8,697
1,044
1,896
5,757

8,723
1,044
1,913
5,766

8,707
1,048
1,916
5,743

8,726
1,056
1,908
5,762

Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

14,229 14,299
8,591
1,035
1,869
5,687

8,608
1,037
1,878
5,693

8,597
1,038
1,871
5,688

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all




8,633
1,041
1,883
5,709

8,666
1,043
1,890
5,733

8,819
1,057
1,921
5,841

8,811
1,061
1,923
5,827

8,858
1,063
1,935
5,860

seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1987
Industry
Feb.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.p

68,149 68,263 68,419 68,488 68,598 68,843 68,951 69,028 69,351 69,554 69,835 69,924 70,339
17,360 17,377 17,441 17,476 17,498 17,620 17,698 17,787 17,701 17,844

17,379 17,380

17,375

508

511

518

525

528

534

539

545

551

548

545

535

534

3,955

3,944

3,918

3,889

3,891

3,887

3,899

3,881

3,940

3,953

4,001

3,914

4,034

12,916 12,925

12,939

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,398

7,399

614
400
454
547

668
377
266

615
402
453
553
199
1,051
1,190
1,218
1,273
663
376
268

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,518
1,150
44
627
925
516
833
569
106
625
123

5,526
1,154
44
630
926
515
832
570
106
626
123

Service-producing

Apr.

p

194
1,051
1,190
1,223
1,276

12,946 12,958 13,020 13,038 13,072 13,129 13,197 13,241 13,252 13,276

7,406
617
403
453
559
205

7,409

7,421

618
407
452
557
205

615
408

1,053
1,198

1,050

1,054
1,210
1,212

1,055
1,212

1,265
655
376
269

1,241

5,537
1,150
42
633
930
513
839
568
108
629
125

1,265
657
376
266

1,203
1,215
1,265
655
375
267

5,533
1,158
43
628
929
514
832
569
106
629
125

5,537
1,153
44
631
927
513
836
572
107
629
125

1,216

451

561
207

7,425
619
416

7,475
615

7,494

629
378
269

1,275
664
377
269

618
416
451
578
214
1,061
1,230
1,226
1,265
652
379
270

5,595
1,159
43
640
950
515
841
576
107
633
131

5,563
1,146
42
636
930
514
845
579
108
636
127

5,578
1,144
41
638
938
517
846
579
108
639
128

449
565
209
1,221

415
450

569
211
1,057
1,222
1,226

7,530
618
420
453
582

7,568
627
422
456
586

7,597
630
425
459
586

217

219

1,067

1,075

218
1,080

1,238
1,238

1,251

271

1,245
1,241
1,259
650
383
274

5,599
1,150
40
639
943
515
849
580
109
647
127

5,629
1,159
41
641
948
516
853
584
108
652
127

1,262
653
381

1,252

7,590
628
427
454
583
218

7,606
631
427
456

1,081
1,259
1,250
1,248

1,083
1,263
1,251

586
221

383
273

639
385
275

1,247
637
385
277

5,644
1,160
42
641
943
517
856
589
110
658
128

5,662
1,175
42
639
940
518
863
589
110
658
128

5,670
1,177
39
642
937
519
869
591
111
658
127

1,258

648

50,770 50,883 51,044 51,128 51,221 51,402 51,475 51,530 51,731 51,856 52,048 52,223 52,495

Transportation and public utilities

4,401

4,419

4,428

4,429

4,439

4,449

4,465

4,497

4,514

4,532

4,533

4,549

4,561

Wholesale trade

4,611

4,617

4,622

4,623

4,632

4,641

4,642

4,644

4,653

4,673

4,690

4,707

4,719

16,189 16,193

16,195

16,246 16,242

16,257

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

16,141 16,132
4,806

4,823

4,840




4,851

4,853

4,861

4,861

4,862

4,858

4,878

4,879

4,872

20,811 20,892 20,965 21,039 21,104 21,213 21,265 21,271 21,356 21,433 21,563 21,563 21,734

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

58

4,844

16,346 16,360 16,384 16,525 16,609

?

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted

Time
span

Jan.

Year

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

48.1
56.8
59.7

48.1
58.6

53.5
58.4

52.4
58.6

46.8
55.7

52.4
68.6

56.2
54.6

55.1
65.4

53.2
65.4

59.7
71.9

59.7
63.2

49.7
58.6
65.9

44.9
59.5

45.7
61.1

48.4
61.6

47.6
61.4

45.4
67.3

48.4
66.2

55.1
75.1

55.9
69.7

58.1
77.8

58.6
75.9

47.3
76.2

53.0
78.6

59.2
80.3

51.6
76.5

54.9

Over
1 -month
span

1986
1987
1988

Over
3-month
span

1986
1987
1988

Over
6-month
span

1986
1987
1988

47.6
61.9

47.6
62.7

43.0
58.9

43.2
67.3

45.4
67.6

48.4
71.1

Over
12-month
span

1986
1987
1988

43.2
62.2

44.1
63.5

46.2
67.3

45.7
68.9

47.8
73.8

49.5
72.4

p

P

53.2
53.5
57.6

P

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment




P

49.5
76.2

P

P

58.9
74.9

52.2

P

p

60.3
70.0

57.8
76.5

58.9

55.1

56.5

rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates
are currently projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When
more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted
data from January 1983 forward are subject to revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

1,464.6
381.2
118.5
157.2
122.3
56.9

1,527.9
399.5
126.4
161.9
127.5
59.2

Jan.
1987

Jan.
1988?
1,505.5
394.9
124.1
160.7
126.4
58.7

Jan.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Dec.
1987

11.4

11.6

11.5

5.8
.1
.5

5.7
.1

5.6
.1

.5
.2
2.5

.5
.2
2.5

.1
2.7

Jan.
1988?

Dec.
1987

69.7
22.2
4.9
9.9

74.4
24.1
5.5

7.7

9.5
8.0

2.6

2.8

70.3
23.4
5.1
9.1
7.8
2.8

196.6

203.1

196.0

7.9

8.2

8.2

8.8

8.8

7.6

1,353.4
894.5
238.5

1,423.1
936.1
251.8

1,404.1
923.2
248.7

11.1

11.7

11.7

.6
1.6

.6
1.6

.6
1.6

102.5
70.7
19.2

97.9
65.4
19.2

95.9
64.0
18.9

803.4
44.9
72.8
223.7
31.3

851.2
48.7
78.1
233.9
32.5

833.3
47.5
76.2
229.1
31.9

3.8

30.9

33.8

1.7

1.9

.9
.4

2.8
10.3
1.5

2.9
11.0

30.5
1.7
2.7

11,355.0
1,052.8
153.5
195.3
3,937.5
98.2
795.4
198.2
584.9
530.0
101.2
837.5
918.8
768.5
143.4
120.2
136.7
119.2

11,973.2
1,112.0
161.4
208.1
4,110.5
-"07.6
829.7
209.9
630.1
566.3
107.1
890.6
952.9
798.9
147.2
127.6
143.0
127.9

11,806.5
1,099.2
158.0
203.3
4,052.1
105.9
816.5
208.3
625.0
560.4
(2)
882.2
939.3
789.0
145.8
125.5
140.5
125.9

538.9
59.6
8.8
11.7
136.6

599.7
62.6
9.2
12.3
154.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,393.6
102.5
787.8

1,415.6
106.8
800.9

1,395.5
103.9
788.6

21.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
.
Waterbury

1,603.5
189.9
464.0
64.1
243.5
122.6
85.0

1,674.5
202.2
487.5
67.0
256.1
129.7
89.1

1,640.3
197.6
481.9

305.9
262.8

330.9
282.1

319.9
274.7

.1

.1

.1

.2

.2

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

633.5
2,007.1

664.2
2,124.6

654.1
2,086.9

.1
1.1

.1
1.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
.
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami—Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

4,728.2
107.8
457.9
106.6
91.3
383.0
138.6
137.9
813.1
457.4
119.9
102.3
106.3
780.9
322.5

5,037.3
113.6
481.6
113.4
95.1
406.3
145.9
147.5
839.4
489.3
125.9
107.5
111.1
815.6
344.7

5,022.8
113.1
480.7
114.0

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Mana-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

.

.

.

.

.

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

60




.

3.9
(1)

(1)

1.0
.4
(1)

.9
.4

0

(1)

39.7

41.0

40.5

1.8

1.5

1.4

12.7

13.1

12.8

.6

.6

.6

9.5

9.5

9.3

(1)

(1)
2.6
1.2
.8
.4
.8
.9

1.0
.2
.7
.1
.3

6.6
8.0
8.1

8.6

1

()

.7

.1
1.2

14.8
121.7

16.1
132.1

15.5
126.1

8.7

330.7

348.7

7.9

8.4

.4

35.3
11.8
4.0
26.6
8.2
8.2
39.5
32.3

35.6
12.6
4.3
27.6

346.9
8.5
35.3
12.7

.9
()

.3
(1)

.7
(1)

0)
.6
(1)

12.4
5.3

.2

(2)

.4

0
O

()

13.3

18.3
15.3

1

( )

.4
(1)
(1)

8.6

19.0
2

21.1
17.6

(1)

1

4.5

72.9

17.7
14.4

.4

.9

.9

36.1

5.6
4.7

(1)
(2)

.4
3.7

17.8
3.3
11.9

59.5
3.2
34.2

3.4

4.9
3.7

(1)

.4

.5
3.7

()

.3
.5

8.6

(1)

1

.2

(1)

0

()

79.5
9.2
20.7

7.6

()

(1)

.4

1

68.9

.5
()

(1)
(1)

1.4

.3
1

(1)

13.8

2

()

O

63.7

.3

6.5
7.9
7.6
8.8

9.1

67.0
3.5
36.7

.3

.2
.6

(1)

7.5
8.0

(1)

1

()

%

7.5

.1

1.6

.2

(2)

6.4

.7

1.4

1

6.6

47.2
13.0
51.9
32.3
(2)
56.5
34.0
30.8

4.7

14.1

(1)

7.0

49.0
13.1
52.6
34.0
57.1
36.0
31.9

.3

8.6

11.7
149.9

6.6

4.4

20.8

583.8
61.8

45.3
11.8
46.5
30.9
51.3
33.0
30.5

.3

9.8
1.3

1.4

.8
.9
.2
1.2

21.1
.3
13.9

(1)

404.9

.8
(2)

.1

.2

(2)

3.1
2.6
1.2

.2
1.3
.7

1.2

250.3
127.2
86.6

(1)
3.2

3.0
2.6
1.2
.8
.4
.8

(2)

147.1
834.3
484.8
123.8
107.8
109.8
813.7
345.9

4.0
(1)

8.8
8.3

40.9
34.4

3.9

(2)

27.1
(2)

8.1

40.9
33.8

9.1

9.3

8.9

10.6
5.5
58.0
27.8

10.7
5.9
59.5
29.6

10.7
5.9
59.4
29.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham ...
Huntsville ...
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..

357.6
52.0
30.3
26.0
18.4
9.0

Dec.
1987
373.4
55.3
31.8
25.8
19.4
9.6

Jan.
1988?
371.1
54.8
31.0
26.1
19.3
9.7

Jan.
1987
71.3
27.3
2.8
8.8
4.8
1.9

Dec.
1987
72.3
27.8
2.9
9.1
5.0
1.9

Jan.
1988?
72.1
27.7
2.9
9.2
5.0
1.8

Jan.
1987
322.1
95.9
22.5
42.6
27.8
11.8

Dec.
1987
344.8
102.5
24.4
44.4
29.2
12.7

Jan.
1988P
333.6
99.3
23.6
43.3
28.6
12.4

8.4

10.5

11.0

16.4

17.0

16.6

38.7

41.4

38.5

Arizona
Phoenix .r.
Tucson...

186.5
134.7
30.6

188.6
137.3
31.0

187.9
136.6
31.0

68.5
46.4
9.2

75.0
51.4
9.8

73.9
50.5
9.8

335.3
229.2
54.3

351.2
236.9
58.1

347.8
234.1
57.4

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale ..
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff ..

211.8
10.6
25.5
31.4
5.9

224.4
11.8
27.4
32.9
6.4

222.2
11.9
26.9
32.5
6.4

48.8
4.0
3.6
15.9
2.5

52.4
4.5
3.9
16.8
2.5

51.3
4.4
3.9
16.5
2.4

181.9
10.5
15.5
54.8
6.8

193.8
11.2
15.9
56.9
7.0

188.4
10.8
15.4
55.4
6.7

2,056.1
241.9
10.3
19.6
895.0
20.1
101.3
28.6
78.2
38.7
8.6
121.7
78.8
258.3
22.7
18.1
21.6
10.8

2,126.1
253.0
11.2
22.9
917.6
227
104.9
30.0
83.3
41.0
9.6
124.0
80.4
261.7
22.0
18.7
22.5
11.7

2,110.6
251.9
10.8
22.6
912.8
22.4
104.4
30.0
83.4
40.9

591.5
34.5
7.8
11.2
209.8
4.6
56.6
10.3
31.7
25.4
5.1
34.4
77.5
22.4
5.1
6.3
8.3
4.6

581.5
35.0
7.8
11.1
207.8
4.4
55.6
10.1
31.4
25.4
34.2
76.6
21.9
5.0
6.2
8.2
4.5

2,683.1
261.8
37.0
50.8
897.0
25.6
198.3
48.9
145.6
128.6
26.8
199.4
209.2
149.1
33.7
31.1
31.5
28.2

2,896.7
285.5
39.5
54.9
954.4
28.7
210.2
52.9
161.8
141.8
29.1
219.6
221.5
158.3
36.3
34.0
34.4
31.2

2,814.8
279.3
38.0
53.2
924.0
28.3
205.3
51.9
158.6
138.2

123.5
80.8
259.9
22.0
18.5
21.6
11.4

574.7
34.2
7.8
10.5
203.9
4.2
56.2
10.2
30.3
23.8
4.9
32.6
77.9
21.0
5.0
5.9
8.0
4.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont...
Denver

183.1
28.1
94.5

186.1
29.1
94.7

183.5
28.3
94.1

84.0
2.3
60.0

85.0
2.3
62.1

83.9
2.3
60.0

350.1
22.5
199.8

359.2
23.3
204.8

354.7
22.7
202.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford ...
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden ..
Stamford
Waterbury

387.0
57.2
90.9
21.6
46.4
24.1
25.3

383.3
58.6
93.8
20.7
46.5
23.7
23.5

382.3
58.0
93.9

73.9
9.3
18.1
3.3
18.3
5.3
3.3

72.5
9.3
18.0
18.1
5.3
3.3

363.5
44.7
100.4
13.0
56.5
30.0
17.3

386.2
48.8
106.3
13.6
60.5
32.6
18.9

372.7
46.0
102.8

46.5
23.9
23.6

70.2
8.4
17.6
2.9
17.6
5.1
3.2

69.8
60.2

70.4
59.9

66.5
56.8

13.3
14.2

13.9
15.1

13.9
15.2

66.7
55.5

75.0
60.8

71.5
59.2

15.8
85.4

16.4
87.4

16.3
86.6

24.2
98.1

24.4
104.0

24.3
102.2

60.3
405.6

65.8
435.2

61.7
417.9

522.5
11.4
44.4
5.4
5.3
37.9
22.9
27.4
92.7
53.0
11.5
8.5
4.6
90.3
36.6

541.2
12.0
46.2
5.6
5.7
39.4
23.2
28.7
96.0
54.6
11.4
9.1
4.6
93.3
37.2

543.3
12.0
46.0
5.6

248.9
3.3
21.3
4.6
1.7
27.0
5.9
5.7
68.8
23.7
5.9
3.5
3.0
37.7
11.5

263.4
3.6
23.1
5.0
1.7
28.2
6.4
6.0
68.4
25.5
6.0
3.6
3.1
38.7
12.0

262.4
3.6
23.0
5.1

1,286.3
31.8
137.6
32.2
20.7
101.7
38.4
32.0
217.2
120.6
30.5
30.1
22.6
216.7
87.2

1,390.1
33.8
145.5
34.1
21.6
110.9
40.6
35.2
228.3
130.6
33.5
32.3
23.4
229.5
95.2

1,370.8
33.7
144.8
34.1

Alaska ...

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
.
Bakersfield ..
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach ...
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino ..
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey ..
. .
San Diego
San Francisco ..
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc...
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa ..

Delaware
Wilmington

......

District of Columbia ..
Washington MSA .. .
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay ..
Miami-Hialeah ..
.
Orlando
Pensacola ..
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

(2)

(2)

(2)

39.6
(2)

28.8
96.1
54.7
11.5
9.1
4.5
92.8
37.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

28.0
(2)

6.0
68.1
25.3
5.9
3.6
3.2
38.6
12.1

(2)

214.5
213.1
155.1
35.5
33.0
33.6
30.7

(2)

57.5
31.3
17.7

(2)

109.2
(2)

34.9
223.3
128.7
32.3
32.5
23.0
229.3
95.5

See footnotes at end of table.




•61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Jan.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville .
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa ..

69.8
29.1
3.4
7.9
7.2
2.0

Dec.
1987
70.2
29.3
3.6
8.0
7.6
2.1

Jan.
1988P
69.5
29.1
3.6
7.9
7.6
2.1

Jan.
1987
263.3
89.2
25.8
33.8
24.9
7.8

Dec.
1987
278.7
93.2
28.2
36.3
26.2
8.3

Jan.
1988P
276.0
93.4
28.1
36.2
26.2
8.3

Jan.
1987
299.4
59.7
28.7
27.7
31.4
19.1

Dec.
1987
302.5
61.6
29.9
28.3
31.9
19.3

Jan.
1988p
301.4
61.6
29.7
28.4
31.7
19.1

Alaska

11.4

10.8

10.7

40.0

40.3

39.4

65.0

66.1

64.0

Arizona
Phoenix ..
Tucson...

91.8
72.6
12.6

95.1
75.3
12.6

95.0
75.4
12.5

330.6
222.8
62.5

353.0
237.6
66.7

353.5
237.5
67.1

227.1
117.5
48.5

250.6
131.6
52.8

238.4
124.5
50.4

Arkansas ...
Fayetteville-Sprmgdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.1
1.4
2.7
15.3
1.5

37.5
1.5
2.7
15.8
1.5

37.3
1.5
2.6
15.9
1.5

144.4
6.6
14.4
50.0
5.9

155.1
7.3
16.8
53.5
6.2

153.0
7.2
16.4
52.8
6.2

144.6
10.1
7.3
45.6
7.2

150.2
10.5
7.6
46.6
7.5

146.8
10.0
7.4
45.8
7.4

783.8
88.9
6.2
13.3
279.8
4.4
53.0
10.3
25.3
32.1
5.1
58.8
113.0
34.1
8.4
8.2
8.7
4.5

815.7
91.2
6.2
13.2
289.9
46
55.0
10.3
26.9
33.8
5.4
61.5
113.0
34.7
8.6
8.4
8.6
4.5

810.9
90.2
6.1
12.8
288.9
4.6
54.3
10.3
26.6
33.7
2
()
61.2
113.9
34.7
8.6
8.4
8.6
4.4

2,805.8
250.6
30.8
45.0
1,018.4
20.1
181.2
45.7
138.0
111.0
24.7
218.4
272.2
188.2
39.0
26.9
28.9
26.2

2,960.2
266.2
33.0
48.0
1,067.1
21.6
190.0
49.7
148.4
122.3
26.4
233.4
287.2
200.5
40.0
28.7
30.1
28.9

2,933.5
264.5
33.1
47.1
1,052.9
21.4
186.8
49.9
147.7
122.0
(2)
232.2
284.7
198.9
39.7
28.5
29.7
28.5

1,872.9
114.0
39.9
43.8
497.3
17.2
157.1
40.1
119.8
164.1
26.3
154.5
133.7
87.1
27.0
21.8
30.4
36.7

1,942.3
117.5
41.4
45.0
507.5
18.4
160.8
41.0
124.2
167.2
26.4
159.8
136.4
89.2
27.3
22.8
30.9
37.6

1,930.9
115.1
40.8
44.2
506.5
18.2
159.8
40.5
124.2
167.1
(2)
159.3
135.3
87.5
27.3
22.3
31.1
37.3

99.5
4.1
66.9

98.2
4.1
66.6

98.1
4.1
66.0

330.5
21.1
193.2

332.1
21.7
194.5

331.2
21.6
192.9

257.7
20.7
122.6

270.2
22.6
128.2

263.8
21.4
125.6

146.5
11.1
75.3
4.0
14.9
12.7
4.2

150.4
12.0
78.6
4.4
15.5
13.4
4.1

151.0
12.1
78.9

391.8
44.1
107.9
13.6
69.5
37.8
22.0

385.1
43.7
107.6
68.3
36.9
20.8

196.9
18.8
59.1
6.4
30.6
10.4
12.1

207.8
20.2
61.8
6.9
32.2
10.8
12.6

202.4
19.9
61.5

15.3
13.3
4.4

369.1
42.1
102.7
12.9
65.4
34.8
19.2

24.9
22.1

27.0
24.1

27.2
24.2

67.6
59.8

76.0
66.5

75.1
66.2

45.8
36.4

47.4
37.9

47.3
37.6

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

36.6
120.1

37.5
126.5

37.4
126.4

219.2
626.7

238.1
675.9

234.9
670.6

262.5
548.3

265.7
562.2

264.0
555.8

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral ..
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola .. .
.
.
Sarasota
Tallahassee
„
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

348.6
6.3
38.2
7.9
4.2
36.7
8.2
5.0
66.0
31.8
5.5
8.3
4.7
63.7
27.6

367.1
6.6
40.5
8.4
4.3
38.1
8.4
5.6
67.7
34.3
5.6
8.7
5.0
66.3
29.5

366.8
6.5
40.5
8.4

1,255.2
29.4
123.8
29.2
20.4
95.3
32.2
39.1
222.1
142.3
28.7
29.3
21.0
213.8
93.2

1,348.5
30.6
130.2
31.6
21.7
103.0
34.5
42.2
225.2
152.7
30.5
30.6
22.1
223.1
100.3

1,359.9
30.4
130.9
32.0

727.4
17.7
56.9
15.4
34.9
57.3
19.1
20.4
105.9
53.6
28.3
12.0
44.6
100.0
38.6

769.7
18.6
60.1
16.0
35.8
58.7
20.3
21.4
112.0
57.0
29.2
12.4
46.8
104.5
40.8

764.0
18.4
59.8
16.0

California .
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto .
Oakland ..,
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Mana-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton ..
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont...
Denver

,

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford ..
Hartford
New Britain .
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

62




(2)

(2)

38.3
()
5.6
67.7
34.1
5.6
8.7
4.9
65.8
29.4
2

(2)

(2)

104.0
(2)

42.3
224.7
152.0
30.4
30.8
22.4
223.0
101.8

(2)

31.9
10.7
12.9

(2)

58.3
(2)

21.3
112.6
56.1
28.9
12.4
45.7
104.2
40.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

2,696.3
48.5
61.6
1,333.9
153.2
89.9
116.0
100.0

2,807.8
49.7
62.7
1,388.6
159.0
93.0
119.8
103.8

2,766.3
(2)
63.0
1,370.9
157.2
92.1
118.4
102.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

447.7
357.1

470.6
375.8

463.6
369.0

Idaho
Boise City

318.2
83.7

340.0
88.3

331.3
86.9

4,803.2
130.6
55.4
80.7
2,959.4
150.7
49.7
95.3
31.9
176.1
131.2
124.0
95.4

4,963.8
139.1
56.4
86.1
3,068.9
155.2
51.0
98.0
33.1
••90.4
134.0
124.2
98.1

4,900.5
136.5
56.0
82.5
3,027.1
154.9
49.7
97.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,211.6
48.0
48.8
92.8
121.6
178.3
202.4
577.7
43.7
62.0
49.5
107.8
51.7

2,360.1
48.7
52.9
99.9
127.1
190.1
224.5
616.6
45.4
65.5
51.6
115.0
54.2

2,315.8
47.8
51.1
98.7
125.3
188.2
221.0
606.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,056.9
82.4
196.5
37.1
47.6
45.2
54.4

1,133.4
89.0
213.3
43.5
52.9
52.1
62.8

1,109.6
87.6
211.2
42.8
(2)
51.0
61.0

968.9
30.9
84.2
218.1

1,020.7
32.8
86.8
230.5

996.1
31.4
86.3
227.0

1,278.6
166.9
420.6
32.6

1,352.0
177.3
449.4
34.4

1,460.6
44.7
207.9
50.4
80.0
56.6
54.0
505.6
130.2
474.3
38.1
117.0

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago .>.
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux ..,
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

(2)

186.9
132.9
124.9
97.5

(2)

64.2
51.2
113.2
53.4

Jan.
1988P

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1987

8.4

8.3

Jan.
1987

8.3

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

(1)

(1)

(1)

145.3
2.6
2.4
70.8
9.0
4.7
4.7
7.6

0

( 1)

(1)
(1)

20.5
16.3

20.3
15.9

20.2
15.7

2.6

11.3
3.9

12.8
4.3

10.7
4.0

170.0
5.3
1.3
2.2
104.6
4.5
1.8
4.8
1.1
6.7
4.5
3.5
2.4

194.8
6.6
1.6
2.4
121.9
4.4
1.9
5.6
1.2
8.8
5.0
4.6
3.2

174.9
6.0
1.4
2.2
111.8
4.2
1.7
5.1

83.7
1.2
1.5
2.4
6.7
7.9
9.3
26.0
1.0
1.8
1.7
4.2
1.6

101.0
1.4
2.0
2.8
7.2
9.8
11.6
31.0
1.3
2.8
1.9
5.2
2.1

(2)

(1)

(1)

.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

0

.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

2.7

2.2
(3)

(3)

23.2
(1)

0)

9

(1)

(3)

23.5

1

()

(1)

23.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.1
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

01
()
(11)
(1)
()

(1)

(2)

2.3

2.4

( )

0

1

(1)

( )
(1)

(1)

0

(1)

8.0

8.5
(3)

(3)
()

/3\

2.2

/3\

2.2

2.2
/3\

/3\

(3)

8.0

/3\

/3\

3

( )

.8

.7

.7
(2)

(3)

/3\

3

( )
(3)

()
/3\

/3\

(3)

/3\

(3)

3

154.8
2.9
2.4
71.9
9.8
5.3
4.9
7.3

144.3
(2)
2.2
68.3
9.6
5.1
4.7
6.9

(2)

8.0
4.2
4.0
2.9
93.2
1.3
1.8
2.6
6.7
9.3
10.6
28.9
(2)

2.5
1.8
4.8
2.0

.4

.3

.3

1.6
.1

2.3
.2

1.9
.1

27.9
2.6
6.1
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.3

32.8
2.9
7.6
1.3
1.2
1.8
1.5

27.7
2.7
6.9
1.1
(2)
1.5
1.3

11.7
2.5

39.4
1.1
3.2
8.5

43.3
1.4
3.6
9.5

36.2
1.3
3.3
8.3

01
(1)
()

1

()
(1)
(1)

01
(2)
()

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

10.7

2.1

12.1
(1)
1
()
2.5

1,333.1
172.7
443.2
33.7

38.2
.7
.5
.8

38.6
.6
.4
.8

37.3
.6
.4
.7

50.9
8.7
19.3
1.8

61.3
9.4
24.8
2.1

56.7
8.9
23.4
2.0

1,504.3
46.2
214.7
52.9
83.0
58.4
54.4
512.3
133.3

1,485.2
45.5
211.6
51.4
81.7

53.6
.2
.9
5.6
10.3
1.0
.4
14.4
3.3

55.3
.2
.8
5.8
10.5
.9
.4
14.7
3.2

55.3
.2
.8
5.7
10.6

77.4
2.1
18.1
1.5
3.1
4.5
2.9
22.0
6.0

80.4
2.3
20.4
1.4
3.2
3.8
2.5
21.8
7.0

76.8
2.1
19.5
1.3
3.0
2
()
2.3
21.7
6.7

517.9
40.0
128.0

503.6
39.7
123.1

.1

.1

26.0
1.8
7.4

31.7
2.3
9.8

28.9
2.1
9.3

(1)

( )

(2)

53.1
509.9
132.2

(1)

0

0

(1)
1

( )

(2)

.3
14.6
3.2
.1
(1)

0)

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988^

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

559.1
8.5
14.8
185.7
35.2
20.0
18.0
16.4

576.7
8.1
15.5
191.4
36.5
19.5
18.5
17.3

569.4
(2)
15.3
187.9
36.4
20.2
18.2
17.1

169.7
2.2
1.8
110.9
5.2
3.5
5.0
8.6

177.1
2.2
1.8
117.5
5.2
3.6
4.9
9.2

173.7
(2)
1.7
116.4
5.2
3.6
4.8
9.2

679.4
12.3
12.8
373.8
32.9
19.8
26.0
24.5

706.8
12.6
13.0
386.2
34.7
21.0
27.3
25.3

690.1
(2)
12.9
379.1
33.6
20.1
26.8
24.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

21.6
15.8

22.2
16.5

22.2
16.5

35.5
29.2

37.2
30.6

36.6
30.1

120.3
94.0

127.3
100.3

125.1
98.2

Idaho
Boise City ..

51.0
10.2

55.4
11.7

55.0
11.6

17.2
5.0

18.1
5.2

17.5
5.0

81.7
22.2

87.9
23.5

84.1
23.0

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ..
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield ..

924.0
35.3
5.0
7.7
548.7
29.3
13.6
19.4
5.0
40.7
30.8
44.3
4.0

936.8
36.6
5.3
7.7
553.0
33.1
13.0
19.7
4.9
43 2
32.1
41.7
3.8

938.1
36.8
5.3
7.8
550.6
33.0
13.0
19.7
(2)
43.8
32.5
43.5
3.9

288.0
3.1
2.7
2.3
188.6
8.1
4.8
8.2
1.4
6.6
6.8
4.5
4.7

301.0
3.1
2.6
2.3
195.1
8.1
4.9
8.4
1.4
6.9
6.8
4.3
4.9

298.9
2.9
2.6
2.3
192.9
8.1
4.9
8.3
(2)
6.9
6.8
4.3
4.9

1,195.1
37.1
12.7
18.9
746.5
42.1
11.1
22.8
8.1
48.8
33.1
28.7
21.4

1,253.3
39.6
12.8
19.3
787.1
42.4
12.4
23.2
8.4
52.6
33.3
29.1
22.1

1,230.6
38.3
12.8
19.2
769.0
42.4
11.6
23.1
(2)
51.3
33.0
29.0
22.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond ..
Indianapolis ..
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute ..

598.0
17.9
8.3
49.8
30.6
49.2
47.7
106.3
19.5
11.5
10.9
23.6
10.4

626.7
16.8
9.1
53.7
30.5
51.0
56.2
107.0
18.9
12.0
10.4
24.3
10.3

624.1
16.5
9.1
53.3
30.3
51.0
56.2
105.8
2
()
12.0
10.6
24.0
10.2

112.5
1.3
1.6
2.7
6.3
11.5
13.5
34.4
1.3
1.9
2.2
4.8
2.5

122.4
1.5
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.1
14.8
37.6
1.5
2.0
2.5
5.0
2.8

122.8
1.5
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.0
14.6

1.9
2.5
5.0
2.8

522.4
10.7
11.0
17.2
31.8
44.4
49.3
148.8
9.1
12.9
12.2
28.5
13.7

567.1
11.5
11.9
18.7
34.2
48.0
53.7
162.5
9.8
13.4
13.0
30.9
14.8

553.4
11.2
11.4
18.1
33.4
47.3
52.1
158.6
2
()
13.0
12.7
30.0
14.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

196.8
21.7
22.1
9.0
3.9
6.7
9.0

220.7
23.3
25.4
12.8
4.3
10.1
14.4

220.1
23.3
25.4
12.9
(2)
10.1
14.7

50.8
5.3
11.6
1.5
1.0
2.9
1.6

53.9
6.0
12.3
1.7
1.2
3.2
1.7

54.0
6.2
12.4
1.6
(2)
3.1
1.7

270.4
20.1
51.9
9.1
9.4
12.4
13.7

289.4
21.8
57.1
9.9
10.3
13.7
15.2

282.4
21.3
55.7
9.6
(2)
13.3
14.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

168.7
4.4
8.8
57.2

178.6
4.5
8.7
60.1

177.2
4.3
8.7
59.9

60.8
1.4
6.7
10.5

61.6
1.3
6.6
10.8

60.7
1.3
6.5
10.7

244.8
6.7
18.7
52.0

260.0
7.4
19.9
53.6

254.0
7.0
19.9
52.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette ...
Louisville
Owensboro

254.8
28.2
85.7
5.5

267.9
28.9
87.6
5.9

267.1
29.1
86.9
5.9

67.0
7.6
26.4
2.1

68.5
8.0
29.4
2.2

67.7
7.9
28.8
2.1

306.5
40.1
104.2
8.5

330.7
43.5
113.1
9.0

323.8
42.3
110.9
8.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Lake Charles ..
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

158.8
3.4
18.1
3.6
5.8
9.4
7.4
41.5
18.2

167.8
3.4
18.7
4.4
6.1
11.1
7.2
42.9
17.2

165.4
3.3
18.6
4.2
5.9
2
()
7.2
42.8
17.1

103.0
2.1
10.3
5.4
5.7
3.8
2.8
42.6
8.5

103.6
2.2
10.1
5.6
5.6
3.9
2.6
43.4
8.1

103.9
2.2
10.4
5.5
5.6
2
()
2.5
43.5
8.1

357.5
10.9
50.2
12.9
22.3
14.0
14.5
134.0
31.8

371.7
11.5
52.2
13.7
22.4
14.7
14.9
136.4
33.3

364.1
11.1
50.7
13.3
22.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn ...
Portland ...

103.8
9.9
16.5

106.6
10.4
16.4

106.1
10.4
16.2

19.9
1.4
5.7

20.3
1.4
6.0

20.2
1.4
6.0

113.8
9.3
35.1

131.3
9.8
37.8

Georgia ..
Albany
Athens ..
Atlanta ....
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah ..

See footnotes at end of table.

64




36.8

(2)

(2)
14.1

134.3
33.0
125.8
9.7
35.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

150.9
2.3
1.9
95.3
5.8
6.1
7.2
4.4

156.4
2.4
1.9
98.8
6.1
6.2
7.6
4.5

155.5
(2)
1.9
98.6
6.0
6.2
7.7
4.5

513.5
7.8
9.1
306.4
31.5
15.1
21.0
23.0

543.9
8.5
9.6
323.2
32.4
16.4

Hawaii
Honolulu .

33.3
27.9

34.3
28.7

34.1
28.6

Idaho
Boise City ...

18.9
7.5

18.9
7.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul .. .
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

350.9
6.5
9.3
3.2

359.9
6.5
9.4
3.3

252.7
8.0
2.7
3.8
1.5
6.9
7.0
5.2
7.9

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond ..
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka...
Terre Haute

Georgia
Albany
,
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Jan.
1988?

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

470.1
12.7
18.7
189.6
33.2
20.5
33.9
15.5

483.6
13.0
18.2

22.9
24.0

542.1
(2)
9.7
321.7
32.5
16.4
22.8
23.7

198.1
33.7
20.8
33.6
16.3

482.9
(2)
19.1
197.5
33.4
20.5
33.3
16.2

122.5
94.6

129.9
100.1

129.0
99.0

94.0
79.3

99.4
83.7

96.4
80.9

18.8
7.3

65.4
18.3

68.9
19.2

69.2
19.0

70.5
16.6

75.3
17.0

73.4
17.0

260.1
8.1
2.7
3.8
1.5
6.9
7.0
5.4
7.9

361.2
6.5
9.5
3.3
259.8
8.1
2.7
3.8
2
()
6.9
7.0
5.4
7.9

1,132.6
28.5
11.6
15.2
758.8
31.3
10.3
19.7
8.3
38.2
32.8
25.9
23.5

1,160.6
30.9
11.7
16.1
789.8
31.5
10.5
20.0
8.5
40.8
33.6
26.6
23.9

1,153.5
30.6
11.7
16.0
783.3
31.7
10.5
19.9
(2)
39.8
33.5
26.4
23.8

719.4
14.7
12.8
31.2
357.2
27.4
5.4
16.4
6.5
27.6
16.2
11.9
31.4

733.9
15.7
13.0
35.0
359.5
27.6
5.6

720.2
15.3
12.7
31.7
357.6
27.4
5.3
16.9
(2)
29.6
15.9
12.3
31.9

111.4
1.5
1.6
2.4
4.9

116.6
1.6
1.8
2.6
5.3

115.3
1.6
1.7
2.6
5.3

428.8

460.1
9.9
8.0
13.4
29.1

449.9

11.8
7.9

12.2
8.4
46.5
1.4
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.0

11.9
8.3

39.0
48.2
139.4
6.5

38.7
47.6

346.8
5.7
17.2
5.8
11.7
17.5
30.4

357.7
5.9
18.3
5.9
12.1
18.1
31.7
92.0
6.0

43.8
1.4
2.9
1.6
6.0
1.9

9.6
7.5
12.5
27.4
35.9
44.4

46.7
(2)
3.1
1.7
6.3
2.0

128.6
6.0
10.8

10.6

31.6
11.0

237.6
17.7
49.6
11.7
7.3
12.7
14.0

249.9
19.4
53.1
12.5
7.5
14.3
14.3

9.7
29.4

13.5

29.0
138.0
(2)
11.2
10.5
31.5
10.9

89.1
5.4
20.2
11.2
11.3

20.9
11.6
11.7

349.0
5.8

17.4
5.8
11.8
17.9
31.6
91.0
(2)
20.4
11.5
11.6
10.7

10.5

10.9
219.0
10.6
29.7

(2)
13.9
14.2

208.7
10.2
29.4
3.4
23.5
6.4
11.8

3.8
26.8
6.4
12.7

212.1
10.2
29.8
3.7
(2)
6.4
11.9

204.2
5.8
20.8
55.1

201.6
5.8
20.7
55.0

195.1
10.7
20.8
25.2

204.5
11.2
20.8
27.5

198.6
10.5
20.7
27.1

278.1
41.4
103.4
7.7

276.3
41.0
102.5
7.8

238.6
32.9

243.1
33.8
61.4

5.1

245.8
36.2
61.8
5.2

311.9
10.8
41.8
8.4
16.5
10.8
11.5
130.8
30.0

325.8
11.2
43.5
8.8
18.3
11.3
11.4

323.9
11.3
43.5
8.6

133.9
31.7

18.2
(2)
11.4
134.1
31.8

314.4
12.7
55.4
10.7
12.3
10.4
10.1
86.6
25.0

315.2
12.8
55.7
10.9
13.1
10.0
10.8
85.1
25.4

311.4
12.7
54.8
10.5
12.2
(2)
10.7
84.6
25.0

100.7
9.7
26.5

109.3
10.0
29.1

108.2
10.0
29.1

86.1
3.8
14.2

93.5
3.9
16.3

89.2
3.9
14.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

63.1
4.7
25.7
1.4
1.4
2.6
3.0

27.9
1.4
1.5
2.6
2.9

65.5
4.8
28.3
1.4
(2)
2.7
2.8

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

55.1
1.1
6.0
11.2

56.4
1.2
6.3
11.4

56.1
1.2
6.4
11.3

194.3
5.5

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette ..
Louisville
Owensboro

59.7
8.9

61.1
9.3
28.9
1.5

61.1
9.1
28.9
1.5

262.9

28.0
1.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport ..

84.0
2.5
13.1
2.3
4.0
2.7
4.4
33.7
7.4

84.5
2.6
13.3
2.3
3.8
2.7
4.6
34.1
7.4

84.4
2.6
13.3
2.3
3.8
(2)
4.6
34.3
7.3

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn ...
Portland

23.9
2.2
11.6

25.1
2.2
12.6

25.1
2.2
12.3

65.4
4.8

11.4
10.6

9.9
8.0

17.0
7.2
30.6
16.2
12.5
32.2

19.9
51.4

39.8

97.5
7.4

245.9
19.0
52.5
12.4

59.0

5.1

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrfcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

1,951.9
1,053.9
446.7
693.9

2,050.8
1,101.0
460.1
729.1

2,017.2
1,075.3
454.6
709.8

1.8
.3

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster ....
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

2,959.1
1,673.3
70.3
54.0
38.7
157.2
103.0
65.5
41.0
230.6
191.8

3,101.9
1,751.6
73.8
56.7
40.5
163.9
107.4
68.2
42.6
243.0
206.1

3,031.4
1,716.7
71.5
55.0
39.3
162.6
104.7
66.9
(2)
239.3
201.1

1.5
.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

3,654.0
161.8
55.7
61.6
1,832.9
172.7
304.9
50.1
102.0
200.9
55.0
148.4

3,776.3
172.8
58.0
64.4
1,885.5
172.1
321.5
51.8
107.7
208.0
57.1
157.0

3,682.7
168.0
56.7
63.0
1,842.1
165.9
313.4
(2)
104.5
203.1
55.7
152.3

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul .
Rochester
St. Cloud

1,884.5
85.1
1,239.2
54.7
66.3

1,997.9
89.4
1,310.0
57.9
72.4

1,952.0
86.9
1,283.9
57.2
70.5

4.6
2.9

842.3
170.4

884.7
180.1

875.5
178.2

5.6
1.0

2,125.9
718.4
34.9
1,093.9
104.6

2,215.1
739.9
36.8
1,137.7
110.5

2,165.5
727.9
(2)
1,113.0
108.8

Montana

265.9

275.3

Nebraska...
Lincoln
Omaha

642.4
107.3
293.0

670.2
112.7
302.9

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

472.4
269.9
124.5

514.4
293.2
135.2

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.NH-ME ....

494.8
89.9
102.8
3,485.2
146.9
652.3
411.8
232.7
500.8
305.5
935.4
190.0
54.0

Mississippi.
Jackson ....
Missouri
Kansas City..
St. Joseph....
St. Louis
Springfield ..,.

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

66




Jan.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1987

137.7
66.3
17.7
58.7

153.1
72.5
18.9
62.4

146.2
68.6
18.0
59.3

1.7
.9

119.3
61.3
3.4
1.9
2.1
7.3
4.6
2.7
1.8
8.3
8.3

142.1
71.7
3.8
2.4
2.7
8.3
5.6
3.2
2.4
10.5
9.7

132.4
64.9
3.3
2.1
2.2
7.6
5.0
2.9
2
()
9.0
9.4

9.3

105.2
4.1
1.5
1.2
53.0
4.0
12.7
1.0
2.9
5.0
1.9
5.6

123.3
5.7
1.9
1.2
60.0
4.1
14.3
1.2
3.1
4.8
2.1
6.7

110.8
5.0
1.6
1.0
54.3
3.9
13.2
(2)
2.7
4.3
2.0
5.8

6.1
4.2

6.0
4.3

64.8
3.5
44.6
1.4
2.9

78.6
3.7
52.2
1.8
4.2

66.4
2.6
46.1
1.5
3.9

6.3
1.2

6.3
1.2

30.8
7.5

34.3
8.5

32.7
8.3

5.3
.5

5.0

91.3
34.1
1.2
53.3
4.3

98.4
36.6
1.3
57.3
5.3

92.4
34.2
()
52.6
4.7

1.9
.3

O

1.0

0
O

()
0
O
.1
.1
.1
8.7

9.5

()
0

0

O
0
()
0

5.3
.5
I

Jan.

Dec.
1987

)

>

2

3.4
.1

3.5
.1

3.4
.1

269.5

4.9

5.7

5.5

6.6

8.3

7.1

657.1
109.4
298.8

1.4

1.6

1.4

22.7
3.9
11.6

20.7
3.7
10.7

.2

.2

.2

20.9
3.6
10.7

507.3
290.7
132.7

6.6
.3

9.0
.2

9.0
.2
.9

26.9
17.1
6.5

30.1
18.5
7.0

28.9
18.3
6.5

529.0
96.2
111.4

521.0
94.3
108.8

.5
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

32.6
4.6
5.4

38.0
5.4
6.2

35.4
5.3
5.8

3,653.2
155.3
685.1
435.5
245.7
527.8
323.7
971.4
199.2
57.3

3,572.2
153.3
674.6
427.5
239.5
518.6
318.4
953.3
195.9

149.2
9.4
28.9
20.8
6.1
20.7
19.2
34.6
4.6
1.9

177.5
10.5
31.7
25.9
7.5
23.8
21.6
40.5
5.3
2.3

162.3
10.0
30.4
25.2
7.1
21.9
20.7
37.6
5.0

I

>

2.1

O

o
(1)
0

i

2.3
)

.1
.1

0)
.1
.1
O

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

206.8
131.7
44.8
34.4

207.3
132.6
45.1
35.6

206.3
131.5
44.9
35.2

90.2
51.3
27.3
26.0

94.3
53.4
28.1
28.8

93.6
53.2
28.1
27.5

499.7
259.3
97.4
189.1

531.9
275.5
98.6
200.4

517.7
265.6
97.4
192.3

602.6
282.8
11.3
17.1
12.0
51.6
36.0
19.9
12.4
50.6
45.6

592.5
278.3
11.5
17.0
11.5
51.0
36.2
19.1
11.3
51.5
46.9

589.8
277.2
11.3
16.8
11.5
51.7
36.2
19.7
(2)
51.3
46.6

125.8
74.3
5.1
1.9
1.5
6.6
3.4
2.6
1.0
9.6
8.1

131.9
76.1
5.2
1.8
1.7
7.0
3.8
3.0
1.1
9.7
8.9

128.4
74.0
5.0
1.8
1.7
6.6
3.6
2.8
2
()
9.8
8.4

703.5
383.4
21.4
13.6
9.7
35.3
22.4
15.9
9.3
54.4
47.1

740.5
400.6
23.0
15.4
10.4
37.4
23.1
16.9
10.3
58.8
49.7

711.9
391.0
22.2
14.6
9.8
36.5
22.1
16.5
2
()
57.3
47.7

982.1
40.4
14.9
21.4
481.5
60.8
94.8
12.9
29.5
37.1
17.3
44.4

961.8
39.8
15.2
21.7
463.7
53.2
976
13.0
30.1
34.8
17.5
43.2

936.2
38.8
15.2
21.5
450.6
49.5
96.9
2
()
30.0
33.0
17.3
42.1

148.2
4.1
1.9
2.3
83.2
4.7
11.0
4.2
3.2
5.9
2.4
6.9

150.8
4.6
1.8
2.3
86.5
4.4
11.2
4.0
3.4
5.7
2.3
6.8

147.8
4.3
1.8
2.3
84.8
4.4
11.1
2
()
3.4
5.8
2.3
6.6

828.2
26.9
10.9
12.0
425.8
43.3
77.4
11.4
22.3
40.7
12.0
34.8

893.3
30.5
12.0
13.5
458.6
46.8
84.8
12.1
24.5
43.7
12.9
38.3

860.2
28.5
11.6
12.8
442.4
45.8
80.7
2
()
22.9
42.0
12.2
36.7

363.8
7.1
248.5
10.3
11.3

379.2
1.1
251A
10.8
12.3

376.4
7.7
256.3
10.8
12.2

98.0
5.5
68.4
1.6
3.3

102.6
5.7
72.0
1.7
3.4

100.3
5.6
70.7
1.7
3.4

469.0
21.1
305.9
11.3
20.6

502.2
22.3
328.0
11.8
22.2

485.2
21.4
319.1
11.4
21.7

221.8
19.7

232.6
20.9

232.5
20.7

40.6
11.9

42.3
12.7

42.3
12.7

179.4
41.2

192.1
43.4

185.9
42.3

415.7
111.7
8.2
217.5
19.4

421.3
111.2
8.3
219.2
21.1

416.8
111.4
(2)
215.5
21.0

139.5
55.4
2.3
12.2
6.7

144.3
56.6
2.8
74.4
7.1

141.0
55.0
(2)
.73.9
6.9

518.3
187.2
8.8
266.5
29.4

552.9
196.7
9.4
281.2
31.1

534.4
191.2
(2)
272.3
30.5

20.3

21.2

20.6

19.5

19.5

19.0

69.3

73.5

71.6

84.0
13.0
33.0

90.9
13.4
35.0

90.3
13.4
34.8

41.9
5.8
22.3

43.7
5.8
23.4

43.5
5.8
22.9

166.5
25.0
75.1

173.5
26.2
78.1

169.6
25.3
76.5

22.1
8.1
8.4

24.0
9.0
8.1

23.9
8.9
8.2

26.7
14.8
8.8

28.4
16.1
9.3

27.8
15.7
9.2

95.8
56.5
28.0

106.4
63.0
31.2

103.1
61.0
30.1

New Hampshire ...
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME

117.1
35.6
20.3

121.6
37.4
20.7

121.8
36.9
20.7

16.7
2.2
2.8

17.2
2.1
3.0

17.1
2.1
2.8

124.7
21.0
26.0

136.0
22.2
29.3

131.5
21.3
27.7

Yew Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic ...
Camden
.
\Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean

674.5
8.2
158.5
72.0
47.7
112.6
30.9
182.1
31.4
15.0

671.3
8.5
160.3
12.2
48.5
115.1
30.3
181.2
31.4
15.0

663.2
8.4
159.6
71.1
46.3
114.6
30.2
180.1
31 2
(2)

232.8
6.1
28.2
18.3
29.7
42.3
15.6
80.0
6.3
2.1

243.0
6.0
29.1
18.1
31.2
44.0
16.6
81.5
6.7
2.3

239.0
6.0
28.6
18.4
28.8
44.1
16.2
80.3
66
(2)

839.6
28.8
188.5
112.9
57.1
121.8
83.0
194.7
30.9
10.6

894.9
31.0
203.1
121.7
62.4
131.5
90.0
203.7
33.0
12.0

858.0
30.7
195.2
117.2
61.2
127.2
87.9
195.1
32 1
(2)

Maryland
Baltimore MSA ..
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C. .

.

Massachusetts ...
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster ..
Lawrence-Haverhill...
Lowell
New Bedford ..
Pittsfield
Springfield .. —
Worcester..,

...

.

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor..
Detroit..
Flint
Grand Rapids ..
JclCr\SOn •

r

.

;;.

:__....

Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

...

Minnesota ..
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud ..

...
...

Mississippi
Jackson..
Missouri
Kansas
C
S t . J o s e p h ....
St. Louis
S p r i n g f i e l d ..

i

t

y

.

.

.

.

.

.

Montana ..
Nebraska...
Lincoln ..
Omaha

.

,

:

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

|N|6VVcirr\ • .

- .-

TrGnton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton ..

.

--

-- -

;

I.

.:.__;:-._;:....

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA .. -...
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C. .

120.2
72.6
43.2
39.5

126.1
75.3
44.0
41.6

125.7
74.8
43.6
41.4

507.2
269.8
132.7
196.8

542.0
287.9
140.8
209.5

536.3
280.8
138.3
207.3

388.3
202.7
83.5
149.0

394.3
203.5
84.5
150.0

389.6
200.7
84.3
146.1

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster ..
Lawrence-Haverhill...
Lowell
New Bedford ..
..
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester..

208.8
144.3
3.0
2.9
1.7
6.0
4.1
2.4
2.0
15.6
13.1

220.8
152.4
3.1
3.1
1.8
6.4
4.3
2.5
2.1
16.3
14.3

222.8
152.8
3.1
3.1
1.8
6.5
4.3
2.4
(2)
16.4
14.4

809.5
529.1
14.3
9.9
7.2
30.5
19.3
12.2
9.7
54.4
46.1

864.7
563.9
15.3
10.3
8.0
33.1
20.5
13.1
10.2
58.4
51.1

845.8
550.3
14.9
10.2
8.0
32.8
19.7
12.8
(2)
56.2
49.4

388.1
197.4
11.8
6.7
4.5
19.9
13.0
9.8
4.7
37.6
23.4

407.5
207.6
11.9
6.7
4.4
20.8
13.7
10.4
5.1
37.7
25.4

398.6
205.6
11.7
6.4
4.3
20.9
13.7
9.8
(2)
39.2
25.1

174.5
4.4
3.8
2.5
102.9
5.8
13.8
1.8
4.5
11.0
1.4
5.9

183.1
4.7
3.3
2.6
107.2
5.9
138
1.8
4.8
12.0
1.3
6.2

182.2
4.6
3.3
2.6
107.7
5.8
13.8
2
()
4.9
11.9
1.3
6.1

798.6
30.8
11.8
14.0
449.8
30.0
63.9
9.3
22.6
35.5
11.1
30.7

819.2
33.9
12.3
14.3
461.9
31.4
67.6
9.5
23.4
37.6
11.8
33.6

813.0
34.1
12.1
14.4
457.3
30.9
65.9
2
()
23.2
37.0
11.4
33.1

608.6
51.0
10.8
8.2
236.0
24.1
30.8
9.4
17.1
65.4
8.8
19.9

635.2
53.5
11.5
8.6
246.8
26.3
31.9
10.1
18.2
69.3
9.1
22.2

623.2
52.5
11.2
8.3
244.3
25.5
31.3
2
()
17.3
68.9
9.1
21.7

St. Cloud ..

117.0
3.0
90.9
1.5
2.3

121.5
3.2
95.0
1.5
2.4

121.2
3.2
95.0
1.6
2.4

453.9
19.8
310.0
22.7
13.7

485.2
20.3
329.1
24.1
14.6

476.6
20.2
322.0
24.1
14.2

313.3
22.1
170.3
5.9
12.4

322.5
22.2
176.2
6.3
13.4

320.0
22.0
174.3
6.1
12.8

Mississippi
Jackson ....

37.9
14.0

38.7
14.4

38.6
14.3

134.1
36.5

140.1
39.4

139.4
39.1

192.1
38.7

198.1
39.6

197.8
39.6

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Joseph

131.5
57.2
1.8
72.6
4.8

134.0
57.7
1.9
73.6
4.7

134.0
58.1
(2)
73.6
4.7

481.5
163.0
6.8
270.9
26.3

505.8
169.6
7.0
286.2
27.0

497.9
167.9
(2)
283.2
27.3

342.8
109.3
5.8
137.5
13.6

353.1
111.0
6.1
142.3
14.1

344.0
109.6
(2)
138.5
13.6

13.0

12.8

12.6

61.7

64.1

63.6

70.6

70.2

69.5

47.3
7.9
28.6

47.5
8.4
28.4

47.8
8.3
28.7

146.5
22.2
78.7

150.8
23.5
80.7

148.3
23.3
79.9

133.9
29.8
44.4

139.5
31.5
45.5

135.5
29.6
45.1

22.5
13.4
6.9

24.0
14.7
6.9

23.7
14.6
6.8

209.8
128.4
49.7

225.7
137.5
54.9

225.8
138.5
54.7

62.0
31.3
15.4

66.8
34.2
16.9

65.1
33.5
16.3

30.1
3.6
6.2

32.8
4.0
6.8

33.7
4.1
6.8

108.4
16.3
17.8

116.3
18.0
19.7

115.1
17.4
19.6

64.7
6.5
24.2

66.4
7.0
25.6

65.7
7.1
25.3

218.9
6.9
35.9
23.4
11.9
35.2
17.2
74.9
9.2
2.9

230.7
7.1
38.6
25.4
12.8
35.7
18.0
77.8
9.5
3.1

230.9
7.2
38.7
25.8
13.0
35.9
17.9
78,4
9.5
(2)

831.5
63.5
145.8
94.4
40.0
99.5
79.7
236.3
54.0
9.8

882.8
67.9
154.0
99.7
42.5
105.3
85.7
250.6
57.9
10.7

871.3
66.7
154.1
98.6
42.2
104.5
83.9
247.1
56.2
(2)

536.6
23.9
66.4
69.9
40.2
68.2
59.7
132.1
53.6
11.4

550.7
24.2
68.2
72.4
40.8
71.8
61.3
135.4
55.4
11.6

545.3
24.2
67.9
71.1
40.9
69.8
61.4
134.0
55.3
(2)

. ...

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
.
_
Flint
Grand Rapids
.
Jackson
...^
......
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland ...

::

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul ..

v5T. L O U I S

—

-

-

-

- - •-

— 7- — -----,..,

Springfield ..
Montana ..

... .

Nebraska
Lincoln

..

Nevada
Las Vegas .. .
Reno

:

....

:

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME
New Jersey ....
Atlantic City

.

...

DGrQGn~r 3SS3.IC ...

Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark ..
.
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

68




—

—
.. .
..

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

(Construction

Mining

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Jan.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Dec.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

516.5
224.9
40.0
52.0

536.4
234.7
41.2
54.9

526.2
230.5
40.7
53.8

14.3

15.6

15.4

.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1

7,839.3
387.8
117.6
419.2
36.2
43.7
1,097.8
4,031.1
3,520.0
76.8
97.4
113.1
451.0
94.5
289.2
115.9
399.3

8,219.5
414.5
123.1
446.4
39.9
46.5
1,160.4
4,188.0
3,649.3
83.0
103.8
120.1
472.7
99.8
308.0
123.3
420.3

8,025.8
404.8
120.6
431.8
39.3
(2)
1,127.9
4,102.1
3,578.7
79.8
102.3
116.5
464.2
97.6
300.7
120.9
407.4

5.1
.3

5.8
.3

5.3
.2

287.8
15.6
4.3

5.2

4.7

.3

13.3

16.8

14.4

1.3
1.7

1.5
2.4

52.5
140.0
110.5

63.6
158.8
123.4

57.6
149.2
117.2

2.4
4.6
5.7

3.6
6.0
6.3

3.4

15.5

19.3

17.4

4.4

5.7

5.1

12.4
2.8
23.8

16.5

15.1

3.8

3.3

27.9

25.4

2,779.4
74.4
556.7
455.2
372.8

2,930.5
78.8
596.3
473.0
390.7

161.4

152.6

243.6
35.7
68.6
28.6

Ohio
Akron
Canton
.
Cincinnati ..
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ..
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren..

New Mexico ....
Albuquerque
Las Cruces .......
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo . . , . . . . . - - . - . - .
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City . . . . . .
Niagara Falls
Orange County ..
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County ..

.

.........

O

0

(')
.3

(1)
(1)

.4
(1)

.2

O

(1)
(1)
(3)

.6
(3)

.2
1.2
.6

.2
1.2
.6

1.2
.8
(1)
(1)
(3)

(1)
(2)

(1)
(1)
(3)
.8

(3)

.7
(3)

30.2
15.4
2.1
2.3

30.0
15.3
2.1

28.1
14.5
2.0

2.5

2.3

338.4
20.2

308.6
17.9

1.3
(2)

5.6
5.6

.1
.1
.3

.2

2,884.1
76.7
587.2
465.3
383.4

4.8
.1
.4
.3

5.0
.1

147.9
3.7

4.2

4.0

.3

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4

.4
.3
.4

31.6
23.7
20.7

35.6
24.8
21.5

34.7
24.4
20.3

254.4
36.8
72.5
30.7

248.7
36.2
71.3
29.2

3.7
.2

4.3
.2

4.3
.2

7.7
1.2
2.5
1.3

9.0
1.3
3.1
1.3

7.6
1.2
2.7
1.1

4,447.6
258.9
151.9
650.1
867.1
642.1
419.2
271.2
183.9

4,676.9
271.9
158.9
694.9
910.2
676.4
435.9
288.6
191.5

4,567.6
263.9

19.9

147.5

182.9

.6

7.5
4.9

8.9
6.8

.3

25.5
23.7
23.1
14.0

.2
.6

9.0
5.5

31.2
28.7
28.2
17.0
11.4
7.3

28.3
25.8
25.8
15.1
10.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,097.7
21.9
33.5
398.8
287.7

1,108.3
22.0
34.2
404.1
289.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

1,050.2
101.0
535.6
89.4

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem ..
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA ..
Philadelphia City ..
Pittsburgh
-..

4,760.4
264.0
48.3
49.7
107.0
283.1
75.7
171.7
2,092.6
759.9
828.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

1

.2
.3

(1)
(1)

()
(1)

.2
.1

21.4
.6

.3

(1)
(1)

20.5

163.2

.2
.7

.6
1.1
.5
1.1
1.0
.4
.2
.6

1,078.7
21.8
33.3
392.7
284.9

46.3

46.6

44.5

33.1

32.4

28.8

1.1
.2

1.1

1.0
.2

.6
1.2

.6
1.1

.6
1.0

12.0
15.2

.2
11.3
15.4

11.0
15.3

11.5
10.3

12.6

11.2

9.5

8.9

1,116.5
105.9
571.9
96.0

1,094.5
104.3
558.7
93.9

1.3
.2
.5
.1

1.3
.1
.5
.1

1.2

29.6
2.5
16.9

33.8
3.0
19.6

30.8
2.8
17.9

2.7

3.1

2.8

5,016.5
273.6
51.6
50.8
112.5
298.5
78.4
182.4
2,204.0
793.0
865.0

4,901.5
269.1
50.3
49.7
110.5
294.2
77.3
179.0
2,151.7
775.5
847.9

191.3
11.2

223.4
13.8

200.8
12.9

2.3
3.8
2.8

2.6
3.7
3.3

2.3
3.4
2.8

11.3

12.2

2

1.0

()

678.9
890.5
662.3
426.6
281.1
187.1

.3
1.2
.9
.4

.5
.1

29.6

.2
.3
3.7
.3
1.0

.5
()
(3)

()
(3)
.2
.3
3.6
.4
1.1
(3)

5.9

.1

3

3

(3)

.5
1.1
.9

.6

.5
()
(3)

()

30.4

31.2
3

2

.2
.3
3.6
.4
1.0
(3)

5.8

5.8

2.2
9.3

91.9
16.5
35.7

7.8
2

()

6.2

11.7

2.7

2.2

10.8
108.8
18.3
39.7

10.3
100.5
15.8
35.2

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

36.5
19.7
3.8
1.6

39.4
20.2
4.1
1.7

39.1
20.1
4.1
1.7

28.7
12.1
1.4
1.1

29.5
12.6
1.3
1.3

28.4
12.5
1.3
1.2

123.9
57.5
7.6
10.1

132.2
61.8
8.9
11.0

127.5
60.1
8.5
10.6

1,211.5
48.7
37.3
75.8
7.1
10.2
179.5
453.3
370.0
24.4
14.2
30.8
131.8
14.9
53.0
23.8
66.5

1,224.9
49.3
38.6
77.5
8.3
10.5
176.8
460.4
376.9
24.0
14.7
30.0
132.1
14.6
52.4
24.3
66.9

1,208.6
48.4
38.3
76.4
8.5

410.8
16.7
4.5
22.1
1.4
1.3
49.4
243.7
217.4
3.9
6.0
3.3
14.6
4.1
18.1
4.6
21.6

403.0
16.3
4.5
21.0
1.4
48.7
239.5
213.6
3.6
5.9
3.3
14.5
4.1
17.8
4.5
21.1

1,658.2
83.6
26.0
105.7
10.1
10.1
296.2
752.0
629.2
17.6
26.0
21.3
96.7
22.6
68.3
25.6
95.9

1,763.8
91.2
27.0
113.0
11.0
11.4
319.0
790.5
659.2
19.6
28.2
25.2
104.4
24.5
73.5
27.8
102.6

1,681.2
87.1
26.3
108.6
10.5

176.0
450.1
367.0
23.7
14.5
29.7
131.8
14.7
52.2
24.3
66.6

400.1
16.0
4.3
20.8
1.4
1.3
47.6
238.8
213.5
3.4
5.8
3.2
14.4
3.9
17.5
4.1
20.8

840.8
19.2
151.2
152.2
57.2

868 7
19.6
156.4
153.5
59.0

864.8
19.4
155.5
152.5
58.4

135.8
3.6
47.0
26.2
17.3

144.9
3.8
49.5
28.0
17.0

143.7
3.7
49.0
27.5
16.9

622.6
17.7
133.3
100.5
80.2

670.0
19.1
146.0
107.5
85.8

649.5
18.5
142.5
103.9
82.6

14.9
1.8
4.7
1.5

15.8
1.9
4.7
1.7

15.8
1.9
4.8
1.6

15.9
2.6
4.3
1.6

16.3
2.7
4.7
1.6

16.0
2.7
4.7
1.5

65.2
9.5
20.2
8.0

68.8
10.0
21.5
8.5

66.7
9.7
20.7
8.2

1,086.5
66.7
43.1
142.4
199.9
104.0
103.9
61.9
49.2

1,102.9
67.0
43.9
145.6
203.3
102.3
103.2
62.5
49.4

1,095.6
66.5
(2)
145.0
202.4
102.3
102.6
62.2
49.1

201.7
12.8
5.5
34.2
40.5
27.3
15.0
13.1
7.5

209.6
13.1
5.7
36.1
41.6
28.8
15.4
14.0
7.6

203.0
12.7
(2)
35.8
39.7
27.8
15.1
13.4
7.5

1,060.9
64.1
38.4
164.4
209.4
161.9
94.2
67.1
46.3

1,140.6
67.9
40.7
177.1
224.1
175.9
101.3
72.8
50.0

1,096.6
65.3
(2)
170.5
215.4
169.8
97.4
70.4
48.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

153.8
1.6
3.3
47.5
47.4

155.0
1.6
3.3
47.1
47.5

154.8
1.6
3.3
47.0
47.2

63.1
2.2
1.5
19.8
23.0

61.8
2.0
1.2
19.2
23.5

61.4
2.0
1.2
19.0
23.5

268.5
6.3
8.7
100.7
70.0

271.3
6.3
9.0
102.0
71.1

262.4
6.3
8.3
98.3
69.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

191.9
18.5
90.1
11.5

205.2
19.3
97.2
12.5

203.1
19.2
95.3
11.9

56.8
4.1
33.7
2.8

60.1
4.3
35.7
3.0

58,3
4.1
34.6
2.9

264.2
25.7
140.7
20.3

288.7
27.0
152.0
22.5

280.2
26.5
147.3
21.6

1,024.4
77.6
10.5
9.6
34.3
50.5
12.5
59.0
371.3
96.5
121.5

1,051.7
75.5
11.3
9.8
34.8
53.1
12.9
59.4
378.0
96.6
125.3

1,047.4
76.0
11.2
9.5
34.9
52.8
13.0
59.3
375.5
95.1
125.3

240.4
13.9
4.5
5.1
3.9
17.7
5.1
6.8
96.4
43.8
44.1

249.7
13.8
4.6
5.2
3.9
18.5
5.2
7.0
99.6
45.3
44.5

244.5
13.6
4.6 5.1
3.8
18.1
5.1
6.8
97.5
44.9
43.1

1,090.3
58.8
12.3
11.2
22.9
64.1
15.6
40.9
489.1
145.9
209.6

1,168.8
62.2
13.4
11.2
24.7
68.8
16.4
44.4
522.6
155.2
220.6

1,124.7
60.0
12.8
10.8
23.1
67.2
15.9
42.9
504.0
149.2
213.2

New Mexico
Albuquerque...
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

.

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo .
.
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA ..
New York City ..
Niagara Falls
Orange County ..
Poughkeepsie ..
Rochester
Rockland County ..
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

.

.

....

North Carolina ...
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harr isburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

70




. . . .

. ..

.
..:

....

(2)

(2)

(2)

302.6
759.3
634.7
18.6
27.8
24.1
100.5
23.6
72.1
26.6
96.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988*

26.4
14.4
1.5
2.0

27.2
15.1
1.6
2.0

27.1
14.7
1.6
2.0

119.3
61.8
6.1
13.3

122.6
63.9
6.5
14.3

121.3
63.8
6.5
14.1

137.2
43.8
17.4
21.5

139.9
45.7
16.6
22.0

139.3
44.6
16.6
21.8

771.0
21.6
3.9
25.3
1.3
1.9
72.9
568.8
536.7
1.8
4.0
4.3
21.3
4.8
18.8
6.4
26.6

802.0
22.9
4.0
27.1
1.4
2.0
76.8
588.7
554.9
1.9
4.0
4.5
21.8
5.2
19.4
6.8
27.8

798.8
22.9
4.0
26.8
1.4
(2)
76.8
584.8
551.0
1.9
4.0
4.6
21.8
5.3
19.4
6.8
27.7

2,124.0
94.6
20.8
106.1
8.8
9.5
271.4
1,223.4
1,085.9
15.0
21.1
23.8
107.3
23.1
69.6
24.6
109.4

2,245.3
102.4
22.0
114.0
9.8
9.3
287.9
1,277.0
1,132.4
16.8
22.0
25.9
112.8
24.1
75.7
26.5
115.3

2,209.3
101.6
21.9
110.5
9.9
(2)
283.2
1,257.0
1,115.0
15.9
22.0
24.5
111.6
23.9
73.0
26.5
112.8

1,381.5
107.3
20.9
72.0
6.3
8.9
177.6
653.6
573.2
12.1
21.6
23.9
63.3
20.7
49.5
28.4
56.0

1,428.4
111.5
21.6
75.4
6.4
9.3
186.8
667.7
584.5
13.1
22.8
25.0
66.9
21.5
52.1
29.4
57.9

1,411.0
110.3
20.9
73.7
6.3
2
()
182.8
661.0
579.5
12.6
22.5
24.7
66.0
21.0
51.0
28.8
56.9

121.4
2.7
35.2
22.0
22.1

1295
2.6
36.7
23.1
23.3

129.2
2.5
36.7
23.1
23.3

463.6
15.9
98.4
78.4
89.2

494.7
17.5
108.0
81.6
96.0

488.5
16.9
106.1
80.1
95.7

442.4
11.4
59.7
52.0
85.7

456.4
11.9
63.7
54.3
87.8

450.8
11.7
62.2
53.5
85.8

12.5
1.6
4.3
1.1

12.4
1.6
4.5
1.2

12.2
1.6
4.5
1.1

59.1
10.4
18.4
6.3

61.7
10.6
19.4
6.8

61.3
10.6
19.3
6.8

64.6
8.4
14.2
8.8

66.1
8.5
14.6
9.6

64.8
8.3
14.6
8.9

236.6
10.3
6.4
38.9
53.0
55.7
17.3
11.0
8.1

246.7
10.6
6.5
41.3
55.1
58.3
17.8
11.5
8.2

245.7
10.6
(2)
41.0
55.2
58.1
17.7
11.3
8.1

1,003.5
54.4
34.0
157.5
223.9
148.8
100.5
67.2
42.3

1,064.7
58.8
35.4
173.3
237.3
158.3
106.3
72.5
43.8

1,047.8
57.2
(2)
169.7
233.6
155.8
105.0
71.1
43.4

689.5
42.6
18.5
86.9
115.4
120.4
74.0
41.8
24.3

708.9
45.0
18.9
89.8
119.0
123.5
74.5
43.6
24.6

695.7
43.3
(2)
87.9
117.3
121.9
73.4
42.4
24.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

59.8
1.0
1.6
25.0
17.1

58.0
1.0
1.5
24.3
17.3

57.3
1.0
1.5
23.9
16.9

225.2
5.4
5.4
86.2
68.6

231.6
5.7
5.9
90.6
70.4

225.5
5.7
5.8
88.6
68.3

247.9
3.7
11.6
96.1
36.1

251.6
3.7
12.0
97.0
35.2

244.0
3.6
12.0
93.7
35.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland

70.1
4.7
45.7
5.4

71.9
4.6
47.4
5.5

71.6
4.7
47.1
5.5

233.0
22.8
131.3
18.1

245.9
24.0
140.2
19.7

241.2
23.8
137.3
19.1

203.3
22.5
76.7
28.5

209.6
23.6
79.3
29.6

208.1
23.1
78.7
30.0

285.6
11.1
1.4
1.7
5.2
16.5
4.7
6.5
159.8
72.5
53.0

292.0
11.5
1.6
1.8
5.4
17.4
4.7
6.8
162.9
73.7
53.4

291.4
11.6
1.6
1.8
5.3
17.4
4.8
6.9
163.6
72.7
53.3

1,225.4
61.6
10.2
10.7
24.5
58.5
19.3
34.2
587.7
245.0
256.7

1,299.6
66.2
10.8
11.3
26.4
61.1
20.1
37.4
625.9
258.4
269.7

1,279.1
64.8
10.7
11.2
26.7
60.5
20.1
36.7
610.2
253.9
269.3

671.8
29.3
7.1
7.6
13.2
64.2
12.6
14.7
295.4
139.7
101.8

700.9
30.0
7.3
7.8
13.8
67.1
12.8
16.2
305.1
145.5
106.0

684.0
29.7
7.1
7.9
13.7
66.2
12.6
15.7
299.4
143.9
102.7

New Mexico ..
Albuquerque.
Las Cruces...
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie*
Rochester
Rockland County

Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .....
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland

Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.

Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

.... ;

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

(3)

(3)

(3)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ..
Sharon
State College
Williamsport ..
.
York

144.2
279.7
38.9
49.8
47.2
164.4

151.5
293.6
41.5
53.8
52.1
173.7

148.8
289.2
(2)
(2)
51.5
171.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

440.3
129.3
310.2

458.3
134.4
325.2

446.7
130.5
316.7

1,345.1
179.3
218.6
299.6

1,422.1
189.7
227.9
312.9

1,396.4
189.2
227.5
309.2

O
(11)
()

246.3
32.8
62.3

256.3
34.5
64.7

249.6
(2)
63.4

(1)

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
.
Memphis
Nashville...

1,937.5
185.3
155.9
242.2
405.4
464.9

2,056.7
191.4
165.4
P49.5
432.1
470.1

2,025.4
188.3
160.8
245.8
427.2
461.1

6.6
.7
.3
1.9
.1
.6

6.6
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Midland ....
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
,
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
........
Victoria

6,440.6
48.8
77.1
354.7
128.3
55.3
64.5
45.7
124.1
1,319.9
183.6
508.5
70.5
1,361.5
68.5
34.7
64.0
89.6
89.5
43.2
41.1
36.0
495.9
37.1
45.2
60.4
26.7
76.9
49.4

6,580.8
49.1
78.7
354.0
129.1
57.8
66.4
48.6
124.5
1,342.1
187.6
518.9
70.2
1,401.3
70.1
36.0
65.1
92.9
91.9
44.4
43.9
37.0
507.0
38.0
46.0
61.5
27.5
78.2
50.3

6,517.7
49.1
78.3
349.9
127.1
57.1
65.9
45.4
124.1
1,328.3
187.2
512.7
69.3
1,386.4
69.8
36.3
64.6
90.8
93.1
43.4
(2)
36.1
503.6
37.7
45.3
2
()
2
()
77.1
50.2

181.4
2.2
1.4
.8
1.5
1.7
.1
.6
4.7
19.5
.2
3.6
.5
62.8
.1
1.6
3.5
.5
.9
9.6
5.7
.5
2.7
.1
.1
1.9
1.6
.1
1.8

184.7
2.0
1.3
.8
1.5
1.9
.1
.7
3.9
18.4
.1
3.6
.6
63.2
.1
2.1
3.6
.4
.9
10.1
6.3
.5
2.6
.1
.1
1.9
1.5
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden.

625.3
72.3
436.8

652.9
79.4
456.5

636.0
77.5
446.4

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

237.9
32.5
71.2

252.3
34.1
76.8

249.6
34.2
75.3

South Carolina
Charleston.....
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

72




6.7
11.7
1.0
2.1
1.8
10.2

Jan.
1988P

.4

.4

.4

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

16.7
4.4
12.3

19.9
5.0
14.8

17.8
4.7
13.2

1.6

84.5
12.9
12.9
20.2

86.7
13.5
13.5
21.7

82.9
13.3
13.3
21.1

2.4

7.7
1.9
2.0

9.2
2.0
2.6

6.3
.7
.3
1.9
.1
.6

86.7
7.5
5.5
11.3
17.7
27.0

101.5
8.6
7.5
12.0
20.6
26.8

92.5
8.0
6.3
10.5
19.2
25.2

182.5
2.0
1.3
.8
1.4
1.9
.1
.7
3.9
18.3
.1
3.5
.5
62.9
.1
2.1
3.5
.4
.9
9.9
2
()
.4
2.6
.1
.1
2
()
2
()
.1
1.9

350.6
2.2
3.4
18.4
8.1
5.3
2.4
2.0
7.8
66.9
9.8
25.8
4.7
84.4
3.7
1.3
2.9
3.4
3.9
1.3
2.2
1.7
30.4
1.6
1.8
2.6
1.7
3.6
1.8

337.2
2.0
3.7
16.4
7.4
5.9
2.1
2.2
6.3
57.5
9.4
21.4
3.3
81.4
3.4
1.3
3.1
3.2
3.9
1.1
2.2
1.5
29.7
1.6
2.2
2.3
1.7
3.3
1.7

324.3
2.0
3.7
16.2
7.3
5.7
2.1
2.1
6.1
54.5
9.0
20.3
3.2
79.7
3.4
1.3
3.0
3.0
3.9
1.2
2
()
1.5
28.9
1.5
2.0
2
()
(2)
3.4
1.7

8.2

25.0
2.3
18.1

25.3
2.5
18.2

20.5
2.0
16.1

13.8
1.8
4.0

17.6
2.0
5.1

17.1
1.9
5.0

3

0.6
.2
.1
3

()

()

1.6

2.4
.2

(2)

0

8.5

7.7
2.3

(2)
(2)
(3)

O
(11)
()

(1)

(1)

0.6

1.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.4
.2

O

.4
.1
()

Dec.
1987

5.7
9.5
.9
1.8
1.6
8.5

0.8
.2
.2

1

Jan.
1987

(1)
2.7

2.7

.5
.2
1

()

.4
.1
1

()

6.3
9.9
(2)
(2)
1.7
9.4

7.8
(2)
2.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Jan.
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

48.2
71.2
9.0
7.2
14.9
57.6

49.0
71.3
9.9
7.3
16.9
60.2

49.2
71.0
()
2
()
16.7
60.4

6.5
14.9
1.6
1.2
1.8
6.9

6.8
15.8
1.8
1.3
1.9
7.5

6.8
15.5
(2)
(2)
1.8
7.5

31.9
63.9
10.1
9.8
10.7
39.3

34.0
69.0
10.7
10.4
12.0
41.9

33.1
67.5
()
2
()
11.8
40.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

115.9
53.4
73.2

116.6
53.8
72.8

114.0
52.7
71.2

14.9
3.4
11.5

15.7
3.5
12.2

15.5
3.5
12.1

100.4
31.1
68.8

107.0
33.4
73.0

103.1
31.8
70.2

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .

365.4
19.0
28.6
98.4

378.5
19.7
29.1
101.1

376.0
19.8
29.3
100.7

56.9
8.9
10.0
10.8

60.6
9.9
10.3
11.4

59.6
9.9
10.3
11.5

289.7
43.6
48.1
67.9

325.3
47.7
50.4
73.4

315.6
47.4
50.2
71.5

27.9
3.1
8.2

29.8
3.2
8.7

29.4
(2)
8.5

12.3
1.8
4.5

12.4
1.8
4.6

12.1
(2)
4.5

63.9
9.2
17.0

67.3
9.8
17.5

65.2
(2)
17.2

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville...

486.4
45.4
53.3
50.8
50.7
89.1

501.7
46.5
53.7
509
52.3
88.2

498.4
45.8
53.5
50.8
51.7
87.3

98.9
8.6
6.0
9.1
37.5
22.9

105.0
8.3
6.1
10.0
39.6
24.1

104.5
8.3
6.0
10.0
39.2
24.2

456.1
42.6
34.7
60.0
112.2
113.9

489.8
45.0
37.7
62.4
121.9
116.6

476.4
43.2
35.8
61.4
120.4
115.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo ..,
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission ...
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

914.9
4.6
9.8
39.6
24.7
15.3
9.7
3.0
11.7
218.9
35.1
113.1
8.8
142.8
8.3
1.7
14.7
7.2
12.8
2.9
3.5
5.6
46.5
11.0
7.4
10.8
2.7
14.5
8.3

943.3
4.6
9.8
39.7
24.8
15.5
10.1
3.2
11.2
222.8
37.0
117.4
8.5
149.0
7.9
1.7
15.7
7.2
12.7
2.9
3.7
5.7
46.6
11.0
7.4
10.8
3.0
14.6
8.4

940.7
4.6
9.8
39.3
24.8
15.4
10.1
3.1
11.2
221.5
37.6
116.1
8.4
148.8
7.9
1.8
15.7
7.3
13.7
2.7
(2)
5.6
46.3
11.0
7.3
(2)
2
()
14.7
8.4

377.6
2.5
5.7
11.0
10.1
2.2
3.0
1.6
7.1
87.6
10.1
28.4
5.8
96.9
2.6
4.2
3.1
4.9
3.0
2.1
2.0
3.2
18.2
2.1
1.9
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.6

388.4
2.5
5.7
10.7
9.8
2.3
3.1
1.6
6.9
90.1
10.3
30.4
5.0
97.9
2.7
4.6
3.1
5.1
2.8
2.1
2.2
3.2
18.1
2.0
1.7
2.8
1.5
3.3
2.6

383.2
2.4
5.7
10.7
9.7
2.3
3.0
1.6
6.9
89.8
10.2
30.2
4.8
97.2
2.7
4.6
3.0
5.0
2.8
2.1
(2)
3.2
18.1
2.0
1.7
(2)
2
()
3.3
2.6

1,640.0
13.5
22.5
78.0
31.3
10.9
17.1
10.0
31.4
350.3
45.8
135.8
13.4
350.3
16.3
10.2
16.7
26.3
27.1
10.2
12.0
9.2
127.5
8.2
10.7
16.6
8.0
18.9
12.0

1,667.1
13.7
23.3
80.4
32.2
11.2
17.6
9.7
32.3
353.4
47.5
139.1
14.1
361.0
16.4
10.4
16.8
27.9
27.5
10.6
12.9
9.9
133.8
8.4
10.9
16.7
8.0
19.7
12.4

1,637.6
13.6
22.8
78.2
31.2
11.0
17.6
9.5
32.2
347.9
46.8
135.9
13.8
353.0
16.3
10.4
16.7
27.2
27.6
10.3
(2)
9.5
132.4
8.3
10.4
(2)
2
()
19.0
12.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden...

88.7
10.0
60.5

95.8
12.2
62.6

93.9
12.3
61.6

36.9
2.6
28.4

38.4
3.1
29.3

37.4
3.0
29.0

150.4
15.2
110.7

157.8
17.3
117.4

149.7
16.0
113.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

48.7
4.2
16.3

50.2
4.7
16.8

49.2
4.5
16.7

9.8
.8
2.8

10.4
.9
3.0

10.4
.9
2.9

54.4
7.0
16.5

59.0
7.4
17.9

57.6
7.3
17.4

South Dakota .
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ..

Waco
Wichita Falls

2

2

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

7.4
12.0
1.3
1.6
2.2
4.7

7.6
12.8
1.3
1.7
2.3
5.0

7.6
12.9
(2)
(2)
2.3
5.0

28.1
66.6
10.7
8.9
9.4
29.1

30.1
70.6
11.5
9.5
10.1
30.3

29.5
70.6
(2)
(2)
10.0
30.3

16.4
40.8
5.1
19.1
6.6
17.9

17.3
41.8
5.1
21.4
7.1
18.2

16.3
41.2
(2)
(2)
7.2
18.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

25.0
3.6
21.0

25.5
3.6
21.4

25.4
3.6
21.4

109.1
23.4
79.5

114.3
24.8
85.7

111.9
24.0
83.6

58.2
9.9
43.8

59.2
10.2
45.2

58.9
10.1
44.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

63.1
7.9
17.6
11.8

64.1
8.3
18.0
11.9

63.8
8.3
17.9
12.0

225.8
38.1
41.3
49.0

243.1
40.1
43.7
53.7

240.9
40.3
43.9
53.6

258.1
48.8
59.8
41.3

262.2
50.4
62.5
39.4

256.0
50.1
62.3
38.5

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.2
1.7
6.1

14.2
1.7
6.0

14.1
(2)
6.0

59.2
8.2
17.0

60.9
8.9
17.9

59.8
(2)
17.6

58.8
6.7
7.3

60.1
7.0
7.4

58.8
(2)
7.2

Tennessee

98.3
11.6
5.2
9.1
23.6
32.6

102.5
11.7
5.4
96
24.7
33.4

101.2
11.8
5.4
9.6
25.0
33.1

384.7
35.9
27.4
48.8
93.7
112.4

413.8
36.5
30.1
51.4
99.3
112.2

412.8
36.9
29.7
50.1
97.9
108.4

319.9
33.0
23.5
51.3
69.9
66.5

335.9
33.9
24.7
51.2
73.6
68.3

333.3
33.6
23.8
51.5
73.7
67.0

442.3
2.6
4.6
25.2
5.2
1.9
3.3
1.8
6.7
132.6
9.4
27.7
4.2
101.4
2.9
1.6
3.4
5.3
3.8
2.7
1.6
1.8
39.1
1.6
1.8
3.7
1.5
4.8
2.4

439.5
2.7
4.4
24.8
5.3
2.0
3.6
1.7
6.9
131.4
9.6
27.6
4.1
98.3
2.9
1.6
2.7
5.2
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
39.7
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.6
2.3

438.8
2.7
4.5
24.7
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.7
6.8
131.0
9.5
27.3
4.1
97.2
2.9
1.6
2.7
5.2
3.8
2.5
(2)
1.8
39.8
1.8
1.9
2
()
2
()
4.6
2.3

1,390.8
12.9
15.9
83.5
27.6
7.4
12.8
8.0
27.5
296.2
33.6
109.2
12.5
337.3
14.3
5.8
11.3
21.1
14.0
8.3
6.7
7.4
117.0
7.4
9.0
13.4
5.4
19.4
11.1

1,450.1
13.1
16.2
84.0
27.9
8.0
13.8
8.5
29.0
316.9
34.7
112.0
13.9
361.9
15.0
5.8
11.6
21.9
14.7
8.6
7.2
7.7
120.5
8.9
9.3
14.3
5.7
20.0
11.5

1,449.5
13.1
16.2
83.1
27.3
7.9
13.5
8.3
29.0
314.7
35.0
111.8
13.7
360.3
15.0
6.0
11.5
21.5
14.7
8.4
(2)
7.7
120.5
8.7
9.4
(2)
2
()
19.8
11.5

1,143.0
8.3
13.8
98.2
19.8
10.6
16.1
18.7
27.2
147.9
39.8
64.9
20.6
185.6
20.3
8.3
8.4
20.9
24.0
6.1
7.4
6.6
114.5
5.1
12.5
8.8
4.4
12.2
9.4

1,170.5
8.5
14.3
97.2
20.2
11.0
16.1
21.0
28.0
151.6
39.0
67.4
20.7
188.6
21.7
8.5
8.5
22.0
25.6
6.5
7.7
6.7
116.0
4.3
12.5
9.0
4.6
12.6
9.5

1,161.1
8.7
14.3
96.9
20.1
10.9
16.1
18.4
28.0
150.6
39.0
67.6
20.8
187.3
21.5
8.5
8.5
21.2
25.7
6.3
(2)
6.4
115.0
4.3
12.5
2
()
(2)
12.2
9.6

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.2
2.3
27.1

33.8
2.4
28.0

33.5
2.3
27.6

141.2
26.6
95.6

151.0
28.4
103.6

151.2
28.2
102.4

142.2
13.3
94.1

142.3
13.5
94.7

141.6
13.7
93.9

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

11.6
3.0
3.5

12.1
3.0
3.6

12.0
3.0
3.7

61.0
7.5
17.3

61.5
7.6
18.2

64.1
8.2
18.7

38.2
8.1
10.8

41.0
8.3
12.2

38.8
8.3
10.9

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo ..,
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

74




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ..
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke...

2,588.4
30.5
62.5
39.2
71.2
532.9
679.6
425.0
117.4

2,744.7
32.2
68.6
40.8
73.1
559.3
731.4
448.6
121.0

2,701.1
31.9
67.1
40.4
71.8
547.8
723.0
442.9
119.2

15.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.4
.1

15.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.2

15.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.2

168.6
.8
3.3
1.4
3.0
37.7
48.3
25.8
6.7

184.1
1.0
3.6
1.8
3.6
38.9
53.6
30.1
7.6

174.4
.9
3.4
1.7
3.2
36.7
51.3
28.6
6.9

Washington
Seattle

1,766.8
898.0

1,880.4
961.7

1,845.3
950.3

2.7
.5

3.1
.5

3.0
.5

77.5
43.0

86.7
47.5

80.9
46.8

584.7
104.4
100.2
57.2
56.1

607.3
107.1
103.9
60.3
58.9

591.8
104.7
101.2
58.9
57.8

37.6
2.3
1.1
.6
2.2

36.1
2.1
1.3
.6
2.3

34.7
2.1
1.3
.6
2.3

19.4
3.6
3.5
2.3
1.5

22.6
3.9
4.0
2.7
2.0

19.0
3.2
3.4
2.3
1.6

2,003.8
137.5
52.4
90.4
52.8
38.1
49.0
191.0
678.3
68.5
45.6
43.4

2,121.4
147.2
55.6
96.6
55.9
42.8
53.8
203.5
712.5
71.5
47.1
46.6

2,073.8
143.8
53.8
94.4
55.0
42.1
51.7
198.1

1.4

1.<

1.5

()

70.2
(2)
45.7

O

58.8
5.2
1.3
3.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
5.9
20.1
1.7
1.4
1.3

68.9
6.6
1.3
3.1
1.3
.9
1.4
7.5
21.8
1.9
1.4
1.5

63.1
6.4
1.2
2.7
1.2
.8
1.3
7.3
20.3
1.8
(2)
1.3

17.4

8.8

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Asjiland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

.

.

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire ..
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse ..
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan ..
Wausau

.

Wyoming ...

176.3

177.2

173.0

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez ...
Ponce
San Juan

736.2
47.8
54.1
47.8
454.1

777.5
51.0
56.6
50.7
480.9

763.8
50.3
55.5
49.8
472.9

38.8

40.2

39.6

Virgin Islands...

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1987

Jan.
1988*

O
1

02
()
0)
17.8

.8

2.4
23.2
2.0

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

8.2

7.1

35.7

35.0

3.1
26.5

3.2
26.0
2.0

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation i ind
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Jan.
1987

Virginia ..
Bristol
Charlottesville ..
Danville
.
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ..
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke..

...

.

...

Washington ..
Seattle
WGSI Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

—

•••«
....

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ..
Eau Claire ...
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit...
Kenosha
La Crosse ..
Madison
Milwaukee ..
Racine
Sheboygan
...
Wausau

. ..

.

. ...

Wyoming ...
m u©i 10 n i c o •.

-

Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands ...

.

See footnotes at end of table.

76




._•..

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

423.3
10.1
8.6
16.7
24.1
66.2
35.1
62.3
20.0

430.6
10.4
8.9
16.8
23.4
68.6
35.3
62.8
19.7

428.6
10.6
8.9
16.7
23.3
68.2
35.1
62.5
19.6

138.2
1.1
2.2
1.0
2.8
25.3
47.9
22.3
8.9

145.3
1.1
2.3
1.1
2.9
25.9
50.8
23.6
8.8

143.0
1.1
2.4
1.0
2.8
25.2
50.4
23.1
8.7

588.2
7.7
12.7
8.0
14.2
130.7
156.2
105.0
31.8

643.6
8.4
14.1
8.7
15.1
139.6
169.0
110.5
33.5

623.8
8.2
13.8
8.6
14.7
133.1
163.8
108.3
32.5

304.3
176.5

323.3
189.4

320.5
189.4

94.5
56.6

100.4
59.9

100.1
59.3

432.6
220.0

469.5
239.8

450.7
232.7

84.5
11.4
19.1
13.5
6.4

85.8
11.0
19.3
13.9
7.0

85.6
10.9
19.2
13.9
7.1

35.8
8.3
7.6
2.0
3.1

36.3
8.6
7.7
2.1
3.3

36.5
8.6
7.7
2.1
3.2

135.0
27.4
25.9
14.2
15.3

145.8
29.0
27.5
15.0
16.3

140.5
27.9
26.4
14.4
16.0

508.3
48.2
9.9
23.7
17.1
11.4
10.7
21.7
167.0
24.4
19.0
11.6

533.5
50.8
10.0
24.8
179
15.2
11.3
23.1
171.9
24.7
19.6
12.9

532.3
50.6
9.7
24.7
17.9
15.0
11.1
22.9
172.6
24.7
(2)
12.6

91.1
5.0
3.2
6.1
2.3
1.3
2.4
6.7
34.4
2.2
1.4
2.6

96.8
5.4
3.5
6.4
2.2
1.4
2.5
7.2
35.9
2.4
1.5
2.8

93.9
5.2
3.6
6.2
2.4
1.3
2.4
7.0
34.9
2.2
(2)
2.8

472.6
29.8
15.0
24.6
12.9
8.5
13.6
42.5
154.7
16.0
8.6
10.7

513.3
32.6
16.7
26.0
13.7
9.0
14.8
47.9
167.1
17.5
9.2
11.6

492.7
30.6
16.0
25.3
13.1
8.8
14.2
44.6
161.5
16.9
(2)
11.3

7.6

8.3

8.0

13.1

12.7

12.8

39.6

40.3

38.6

147.2
14.7
20.0
9.3
63.4

154.7
15.4
20.6
9.6
65.9

152.9
15.1
20.0
9.4
65.2

16.6
(1)

15.4
(1)
1
()

15.3

12.6

133.3
9.1
7.6
7.9
92.0

147.6
10.0
8.3
8.6
103.1

139.1
9.9
7.9
7.9
97.6

1.9

2.2

2.1

2.6

2.6

9.2

9.7

9.5

01
()

13.1

O

12.6
2.7

01
(1)
()

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

I

Services

Government

State and area
Jan.
1987

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
............
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

137.5
1.1
3.3

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia ..
Charleston
Huniington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau ...

.

Virgin Islands ...
1

Not available.
- Publication of data has been suspended because of budget cuts.
3
Combined with construction.
n
= preliminary.




Jan.
1988P

145.3
1.3
3.6
1.2

144.4
1.3
3.6

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

593.6
4.4

635.6
4.9
11.9
5.8

35.9
8.3

1.3
3.8
27.0
47.7
36.0
8.3

10.8
5.7
14.1
120.6
210.8
86.0
26.7

104.7
66.6

107.2
68.0

106.1
67.4

23.6
5.9
3.9
2.2
2.6

24.5
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.7

109.2
6.9
1.9
3.3
1.6
1.2
1.4
17.1
47.3
2.2
2.1
3.3

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

523.1
5.1
21.6
5.1
9.3

544.5
5.1

14.3

631.4
4.9
11.5
5.8
14.3

10.0

9.7

131.1
228.3

130.9
228.3

127.9

126.6

93.5
27.6

92.8
27.4

126.8
136.8
88.6

397.8
205.7

429.5
225.1

24.4
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.6

120.9
24.5
19.5
12.8
15.8

125.1
25.5
20.1
13.7
15.7

113.3
7.2
1.9
3.5
1.6
1.3
1.5
18.1
49.5
2.3
2.2
3.4

112.1
7.1
1.9
3.5
1.6
1.3
1.4
17.8

435.5
25.9

460.8
27.5
11.9

49.0
2.3
3.4

172.9
13.9
7.4
7.8

7.6

7.3

7.3

31.0

34.1
(1)

35.6

35.8

27.8

29.0

29.1

9.0
77.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

9.0

1.2
3.6
25.6

44.1
34.6
7.9

Wyoming ...
Puerto Rico ..
Caguas
Mayaguez ..
Ponce
San Juan ... .

Dec.
1987

O1
()

3.8
27.1
47.4

11.5

24.1
5.3

539.6
5.0
23.4
5.3

146.5

145.8

91.7
15.4

91.2

15.1

426.5
223.8

352.7
129.1

360.7
131.5

357.5
130.4

122.9
25.1
19.9
13.4
15.5

127.9

131.1
20.9
20.1

128.2
20.8

21.0
19.6
9.6

10.0

15.5

19.4
9.9
9.5

9.2

9.6

14.3
7.6
8.1

453.4
27.3
11.8
21.1
12.0
8.5
13.8
42.7
180.3
14.2
(2)
8.1

326.9
16.2
9.6
10.5
6.6
6.1
6.7
56.1
81.6
8.1
5.6
6.0

332.9
16.9
10.2
11.1
6.9
6.5
8.3
56.4
81.7
8.5
5.5
6.3

324.8
16.4
9.6
10.9
6.7
6.4
7.6
55.8
81.0
8.2
(2)
6.1

30.9

30.8

51.4

51.7

5.1.0

9.6
81.0

9.5
79.7

266.4
15.2
17.9
16.3
156.4

273.7
15.6
18.5
16.7

273.5
15.6
18.5
16.7

162.3

162.1

9.3

9.3

12.5

12.6

12.4

19.2
11.0
8.3

21.6

13.1
40.9

14.1
43.0
184.3

12.2
8.6

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987 benchmarks except
Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.3

Construction
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.44
12.45

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
524.97
526.64

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.7

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.47
12.66

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.38
477.28

Annual averages

98.82

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November,
December.
1988:
Januaryp....
Februaryp ..

34.5
34.6
34.6
34.8
35.0
35.1
35.3
34.7
34.9
34.8
34.9

$8.92
8.92
8.91
8.93
8.92
8.91
8.94
9.06
9.09
9.14
9.13

$307.74
308.63
308.29
310.76
312.20
312.74
315.58
314.38
317.24
318.07
318.64

42.0
41.8
41.8
42.4
42.4
42.1
42.4
42.1
42.7
42.3
42.8

$12.56
12.51
12.43
12.42
12.44
12.31
12.32
12.43
12.34
12.47
12.50

$527.52
522.92
519.57
526.61
527.46
518.25
522.37
523.30
526.92
527.48
535.00

36.8
37.4
37.4
38.5
38.1
38.6
38.6
36.4
38.8
37.1
37.6

$12.51
12.59
12.55
12.60
12.61
12.57
12.67
12.77
12.79
12.80
12.78

$460.37
470.87
469.37
485.10
480.44
485.20
489.06
464.83
496.25
474.88
480.53

34.4
34.6

9.18
9.17

315.79
317.28

42.0
41.9

12.67
12.60

532.14
527.94

36.0
36.2

12.92
12.74

465.12
461.19

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1965
1966....
1967....
1968....
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980....
1981
1982

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.1

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.01

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
469.59

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.2

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.61

267.96
291.06
309.85
.329.18
342.27
351.74
359.04
367.10

Annual averages
1964

1983....
1984....
1985....

1986
1987

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1987:
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1988:
Januaryp...
Februaryp .

40.8
40.9
40.4
40.9
41.1
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.3
41.4
41.8

$9.84
9.85
9.87
9.87
9.87
9.87
9.86
10.00
9.95
10.01
10.08

$9.44
9.44
9.48
9.45
9.44
9.46
9.42
9.53
9.49
9.54
9.60

$401.47
402.87
398.75
403.68
405.66
400.72
403.27
408.00
410.94
414.41
421.34

39.0
38.9
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.4
39.6
39.2
39.3
39.2
39.2

$11.93
11.90
11.94
11.95
11.91
12.00
12.04
12.09
12.09
12.17
12.17

$465.27
462.91
463.27
466.05
465.68
472.80
476.78
473.93
475.14
477.06
477.06

37.9
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.4
38.3
38.4
38.1
38.4
38.3
38.3

$9.55
9.53
9.53
9.57
9.57
9.57
9.62
9.67
9.67
9.74
9.74

$361.95
361.19
363.09
366.53
367.49
366.53
369.41
368.43
371.33
373.04
373.04

41.0
40.7

10.07
10.07

9.63
9.64

412.87
409.85

38.9
38.9

12.12
12.14

471.47
472.25

38.0
37.9

9.79
9.81

372.02
371.80

See footnotes at end of table.

80




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32 4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
30.2
30 1
29 9
29.8
29.8
29 4
29.2
29.3

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

. ...

$64.75 '
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78 66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37 1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87 62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108 86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36 7
36 6
36 6
36.6
36.5
36 5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3 07
3.22
3 3fi
3.53
3.77
4 06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5 94
6.03
6.12

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
179.32

36 2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.2

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.35
8.76

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
303.94
317.11

32.6
32 6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.16
8.47

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.20
275.28

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusteci
1987:
February
March
April
May .
• June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1988:
Januaryp
Februaryp

28.7
28.9
29 2
29.3
29.6
30.0
30.3
29.6
29.2
29.0
29.3

$6.09
6.08
6.09
6.09
6.08
6.07
6.06
6.20
6.16
6.19
6.19

$174.78
175.71
177.83
178.44
179.97
182.10
183.62
183.52
179.87
179.51
181.37

36.4
36.3
36.3
36.3
36.4
36 2
36.4
36 0
36.2
36.3
36.0

$8.75
8.72
8.71
8.72
8.68
8 69
8.81
ft
7Q
8.81
8.94
8.87

$318.50
316.54
316.17
316.54
315.95
314.58
320.68
316.44
318.92
324.52
319.32

32.4
32.4
32.3
32.4
32.6
32.8
32.9
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.4

$8.43
8.41
8.40
8.38
8.35
8.33
8.40
8.55
8.61
8.71
8.73

$273.13
272.48
271.32
271.51
272.21
273.22
276.36
277.02
279.83
283.08
282.85

28.3
28.6

6.23
6.22

176.31
177.89

36.2
36.6

9.01
9.05

326.16
331.23

32.5
32.7

8.78
8.80

285.35
287.76

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1986 forward are subject to revision.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Total private
Mining

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1988P

34.8

34.4

34.9

34.4

34.6
41.9

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

42.3

42.5

42.8

42.0

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

42.0
41.2
42.8

41.7
41.4
42.9

42.6
42.4
43.2

42.7
41.4
44.7

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

41.9
42.0

42.1
42.2

42.7
42.8

42.9
43.0

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

41.8
41.3
42.0

42.8
44.2
41.9

42.3
42.5
42.2

41.5
42.4
41.0

45.2
46.5

42.8
43.7

44.9
46.4

41.9
41.8

37.7

37.2

37.6

36.0

15
152
153
154

37.4
36.9
38.2
38.0

37.1
36.2
39.2
37.9

37.4
36.6
37.6
38.2

35.8
35.0
36.8
36.7

16
161
162

41.5
41.9
41.2

40.0
39.0
40.5

41.4
40.8
41.6

39.1
38.4
39.5

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

36.8
38.0
35.8
38.6
34.8
35.1
33.6

36.6
38.0
35.0
38.7
34.8
34.6
32.3

36.6
38.3
35.8
39.2
35.0
34.4
32.0

35.2
37.4
33.8
38.1
32.8
33.1
30.0

41.0

40.8

41.8

41.0

40.7

3.7

3.5

4.2

3.8

3.6

41.5

41.5

42.4

41.6

41.3

3.8

3.6

4.3

3.9

3.8

14
142

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

36.2

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.6
39.3
41.7
41.9
41.4
40.9
40.8
40.1
41.1
42.2
38.5
38.8
38.3
40.5

40.1
39.5
41.5
41.6
41.4
40.1
39.5
39.8
41.5
41.6
37.4
37.7
37.2
40.1

40.4
38.9
41.6
41.7
41.7
40.7
39.6
40.9
42.0
42.0
38.9
38.3
37.4
40.9

39.6
39.0
41.2
41.6
40.3
39.3
38.8
38.1
40.2
42.5
37.1
37.0
35.2
39.9

40.0

3.8
4.2
4.5
4.7
3.9
3.6
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.9
2.8
2.6
2.2
3.3

3.3
3.5
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.0
1.9
3.0
3.9
4.7
2.1
1.9
1.5
3.2

3.7
4.2
4.5
4.7
3.8
3.4
2.5
3.3
4.2
4.7
2.9
2.2
1.8
3.4

3.2
4.1
4.3
4.5
3.5
2.7
1.8
2.2
3.8
4.5
2.6
1.6
1.0
3.2

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.9
39.7
40.1
38.7
41.3
38.8
40.6
40.2
40.3
39.7

39.8
39.7
39.9
39.2
41.4
38.5
40.7
39.4
40.3
38.3

41.0
40.7
41.3
39.5
42.9
38.6
43.4
40.5
41.0
40.0

39.2
39.0
39.6
37.3
41.6
38.6
40.5
40.3
39.1
38.6

38.9

2.8
2.7
2.8
2.2
3.8
3.0
2.9
3.3
3.4
2.6

2.6
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.0

3.3
3.1
3.2
2.6
4.3
2.5
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.9

2.7
2.6
2.8
1.9
3.9
2.6
3.0
4.3
3.0
2.0

32
321
322

42.3
46.0
41.3

41.4
46.0
41.1

42.2
46.9
41.0

40.9
45.6
41.1

40.9

5.1
6.8
4.7

4.4
7.1
4.3

4.9
7.7
4.5

4.4
7.7
4.3

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.

82




;

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

1972
SIC
Code

Avg.
1987

Total private ..
Mining ..

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

$8.98

$8.90

$9.13

$9.18

$9.17 $312.50 $306.16 $318.64 $315.79 $317.28

12.45

12.66

12.50

12.67

12.60

526.64

538.05

535.00

532.14

527.94

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores ..

10
101
102

13.00
14.48
11.47

12.94
14.84
11.40

12.78
13.19
11.54

13.06
14.33
11.59

546.00
596.58
490.92

539.60
614.38
489.06

544.43
559.26
498.53

557.66
593.26
518.07

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining ..

11,12
12

15.75
15.80

15.75
15.82

16.00
16.05

16.10
16.15

654.78
658.86

663.08
667.60

683.20
686.94

690.69
694.45

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

11.42
14.04
9.98

11.72
14.10
10.16

11.43
14.32
9.97

11.53
14.42
9.99

477.36
579.85
419.16

501.62
623.22
425.70

483.49
608.60
420.73

478.50
611.41
409.59

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

10.64
10.03

10.43
9.58

10.78
10.20

10.77
10.00

480.93
466.40

446.40
418.65

484.02
473.28

451.26
418.00

12.66

12.58

12.78

12.92

477.28

467.98

480.53

465.12

11.75
11.09
10.33
12.53

11.57
10.95
9.95
12.29

11.97
11.38
10.86
12.65

12.10
11.48
11.01
12.81

439.45
409.22
394.61
476.14

429.25
396.39
390.04
465.79

447.68
416.51
408.34
483.23

433.18
401.80
405.17
470.13

11.99
11.92
12.02

11.78
11.33
11.98

11.86
11.64
11.98

11.88
11.80
11.92

497.59
499.45
495.22

471.20
441.87
485.19

491.00
474.91
498.37

464.51
453.12
470.84

13.24
13.43
12.49
14.68
13.39
12.64
11.59

13.23
13.31
12.54
14.54
13.29
12.46
11.59

13.39
13.59
12.50
14.72
13.42
12.90
11.96

13.53
13.61
12.77
14.73
13.48
12.89
12.16

487.23
510.34
447.14
566.65
465.97
443.66
389.42

484.22
505.78
438.90
562.70
462.49
431.12
374.36

490.07
520.50
447.50
577.02
469.70
443.76
382.72

476.26
509.01
431.63
561.21
442.14
426.66
364.80

9.91

9.84

10.08

10.07

10.07

406.31

401.47

421.34

412.87

409.85

10.45

10.38

10.63

10.62

10.61

433.68

430.77

450.71

441.79

438.19

8.40
10.83
8.55
8.92
6.80
8.34
8.61
7.66
6.85
9.74
6.13
7.89
7.97
7.30

8.27
10.56
8.45
8.84
6.62
8.19
8.33
7.63
6.77
9.62
6.00
7.74
7.76
7.25

8.45
10.74
8.65
9.01
7.00
8.36
8.54
7.79
6.89
9.80
6.26
7.98
8.05
7.35

8.52
10.89
8.72
9.10
6.94
8.54
8.89
7.66
7.00
9.99
6.23
7.67
7.84
7.33

8.53

341.04
425.62
356.54
373.75
281.52
341.11
351.29
307.17
281.54
411.03
236.01
306.13
305.25
295.65

331.63
417.12
350.68
367.74
274.07
328.42
329.04
303.67
280.96
400.19
224.40
291.80
288.67
290.73

341.38
417.79
359.84
375.72
291.90
340.25
338.18
318.61
289.38
411.60
243.51
305.63
301.07
300.62

337.39
424.71
359.26
378.56
279.68
335.62
344.93
291.85
281.40
424.58
231.13
283.79
275.97
292.47

341.20

Logging camps and logging contractors ..
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general ..
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood ..
Softwood veneer and plywood ..
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes ..
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ..
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures ..

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

7.67
7.08
6.56
111
7.04
7.60
8.69
8.01
9.17
8.09

7.61
7.00
6.48
7.70
6.91
7.57
8.72
7.91
9.04
8.12

7.79
7.20
6.69
7.97
6.91
7.64
8.82
7.96
9.39
8.19

7.81
7.21
6.74
7.93
7.02
7.58
9.07
8.17
9.20
8.28

7.73

306.03
281.08
263.06
300.70
290.75
294.88
352.81
322.00
369.55
321.17

302.88
277.90
258.55
301.84
286.07
291.45
354.90
311.65
364.31
311.00

319.39
293.04
276.30
314.82
296.44
294.90
382.79
322.38
384.99
327.60

306.15
281.19
266.90
295.79
292.03
292.59
367.34
329.25
359.72
319.61

300.70

Stone, clay, and glass products ..
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown ..

32
321
322

10.27
14.47
11.39

10.17
14.29
11.27

10.33
14.99
11.43

10.37
14.99
11.72

10.38

434.42
665.62
470.41

421.04
657.34
463.20

435.93
703.03
468.63

424.13
683.54
481.69

424.54

14
142

Crushed and broken stone ..
12.74

461.19

Construction..
General building contractors
Residential building construction...
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction ..
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating ..
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering ...
Carpentering and flooring

15
152
153
154
16
161
162
17
171
172
173
174
175
176

I
1

I

Roofing and sheet metal work ..
Manufacturing ..
Durable goods ..
Lumber and wood products

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ..
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

5.0
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.4
3.7
4.2
4.7
4.8
5.5
5.7
7.2
5.1
3.8
4.1

4.4
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.7
5.1
3.1
3.6
4.2
4.1
5.1
5.2
6.6
5.1
3.7
4.2

5.5
5.7
5.8
6.4
5.6
5.6
4.6
5.6
4.9
4.4
5.9
6.4
7.2
5.5
4.4
4.6

5.2
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.9
4.3
5.0
4.8
4.5
5.6
6.0
7.8
4.9
4.0
4.2

41.8
43.8
44.1
41.7
42.2
41.2
42.2
42.7
41.5
40.4
41.1
38.2
43.1
40.0
39.7
43.9
42.3
45.7
42.7
42.7
43.6
41.7
40.8
40.5
41.4
42.8
41.4
42.2
43.2
41.2

41.3

3.9
5.8
5.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.8
2.9
3.9
3.1
3.3
4.9
3.7
6.3
4.7
3.9
5.6
3.9
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.0
2.4
3.6
3.7
3.2

3.6
5.4
5.3
3.1
2.7
3.4
3.0
2.7
2.4
3.0
3.3
2.4
3.5
3.0
3.3
5.0
3.6
6.4
4.8
3.3
5.8
4.0
3.2
3.1
3.4
2.9
2.6
3.1
2.7
3.0

4.5
5.3
5.3
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.3
4.5
3.9
4.5
2.7
4.9
3.5
3.6
6.1
5.1
7.1
5.2
5.4
5.7
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
3.7
3.0
4.5
5.4
3.8

4.1
5.4
5.6
3.8
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.3
3.6
2.2
4.7
2.9
3.4
5.9
4.9
6.9
4.9
4.4
5.6
4.3
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
2.6
4.1
4.7
3.5

42.8
44.7
39.7
46.3
43.0
42.5

42.5

4.0
5.3
4.0
5.8
3.8
4.5

3.7
6.1
3.6
7.0
3.0
3.1

5.0
6.1
3.7
6.8
4.5
5.2

4.4
5.7
1.3
7.1
4.4
4.3

42.6
42.5
42.5
43.2
42.6
42.5
40.9
41.9
43.2
43.7
43.2
43.3
43.4
43.7
41.9
42.5

44.2
44.6
44.8
44.4
44.1
44.0
42.3
44.1
44.2
44.8
44.3
44.7
45.6
44.0
42.9
43.3

43.5
43.8
44.0
43.1
43.7
43.6
42.4
43.9
43.6
43.8
43.4
43.7
45.5
42.9
42.3
42.9

34
341

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers ..
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings ....
Metal stampings, nee
3469
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products

41.5
44.0
44.1
41.2
41.4
40.9
41.1
41.6
40.3
40.8
41.7
39.7
42.1
40.0
40.4
42.8
41.3
44.3
42.4
41.9
43.7
41.1
41.0
40.8
41.4
41.3
40.4
41.3
41.6
40.9

41.5
43.2
43.0
41.5
41.3
41.6
40.7
41.2
39.8
40.6
41.5
39.2
41.3
40.5
40.2
43.0
41.2
44.8
42.9
41.6
44.4
41.6
40.6
40.4
41.1
41.1
40.7
41.1
40.7
41.0

42.7
45.2
45.3
42.7
42.6
42.5
43.2
43.6
43.0
41.5
42.8
39.0
44.1
40.8
40.9
44.2
42.8
45.7
43.6
43.9
44.7
42.2
41.8
41.7
41.9
42.7
41.9
42.8
43.7
41.7

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351

42.2
43.2
39.9
44.3
41.9
42.4

42.0
43.3
39.7
44.7
41.8
41.5

43.6
44.7
41.3
45.8
43.1
43.3

See footnotes at end of table.




33
331
3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357

336
3361

3511
3519

352
3523

Jan.
1988P

43.3
44.1

43.1
43.6
43.7
42.9
42.8
42.9
41.3
42.3
43.7
44.5
43.4
43.5
44.3
43.0
41.8
42.3

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries .
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

3291
3292

Dec.
1987

5.0
3.6
3.2
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.6
5.0
5.5
3.4
5.0
4.2
5.6

40.3
42.0
41.2
42.2
41.3
40.7
39.5
41.3
41.8
36.5
42.3
42.4
43.7

329

Jan.
1987

5.3
3.6
3.7
3.6
4.6
3.7
5.5
6.6
5.6
5.0
5.2
4.9
7.0

40.9
41.2
41.7
41.9
42.1
41.7
42.0
44.3
43.2
40.1
43.7
44.6
44.9

3271
3272
3273

Avg.
1987

5.2
3.2
3.7
4.4
4.0
2.7
5.1
6.9
5.2
4.2
4.0
2.9
5.4

41.3
40.8
41.5
41.9
41.9
39.8
41.6
43.8
42.7
39.4
41.4
40.6
43.9

323
324
325
326
327

Feb.
1988P

5.7
3.6
3.7
3.6
4.3
3.1
6.4
7.8
5.8
6.3
4.6
3.6
5.4

41.4
41.3
41.6
42.0
41.9
40.3
43.5
45.1
43.1
42.7
42.0
41.8
42.8

3221
3229

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

SIC

Code
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass ..
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ..
Concrete block and brick .
Concrete products, nee .
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills ..
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet plate and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries ..
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers ..
Metal cans
' Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric .
Plumbing fittings and brass goods ...
Heating equipment, except electric ..
Fabricated structural metal products ..
...
Fabricated structural metal....
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) .
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc .
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers..
Metal forgings and stampings .
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings ..
Metal stampings, nee ..
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee ..
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical ..
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327

3271
3272
3273
329

3291
3292
33
331

3312
3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333

3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336

3361
34
341

3411
342

3423,5
3429
343

3432
3433
344

3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

3451
3452
346

3462
3465
3469
347

3471
3479
348

3483
349

3494
3496
35
351

3511
3519
352

3523

Average weekly samings

Average3 hourly earnings

1972
Industry

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

$11.88 $11.73 $11.90 $12.02
10.84 10.74 10.93 11.41
8.77
8.99
8.89
8.90
13.47 13.65 13.48 13.38
8.57
8.76
8.32
8.83
9,27
8.95
9.01
9.23
9.99
9.96
9.79
10.01
9.02
9.08
8.70
8.93
8.97
8.94
8.66
8.88
10.87 10.72 10.83 10.87
10.56 10.43
10.40 10.28
9.94
9.91
9.56
9.71
10.37 10.25 10.73 10.55

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

$491.83
447.69
369.82
565.74
359.08
363.10
435.44
402.74
382.73
464.15
436.80
405.88
443.84

$484.45
438.19
373.09
571.94
348.61
356.21
407.26
381.06
369.78
422.37
425.59
388.14
449.98

$486.71
450.32
365.71
564.81
368.80
386.56
419.58
402.24
386.21
434.28
461.47
441.99
481.78

$484.41
479.22
366.68
564.64
364.68
375.66
393.42
372.53
374.95
396.76
441.19
421.46
461.04

Feb.
1988P

11.98
13.84
14.54
11.07
10.72
11.15
11.66
10.08
13.03
13.32
11.41
10.54
13.91
11.36
9.56
9.83

11.76
13.55
14.28
11.00
10.66
11.08
11.44
10.07
12.98
13.36
11.24
10.44
13.76
11.12
9.63
9.91

12.15
14.03
14.76
11.13
10.85
11.32
11.81
10.20
13.14
13.35
11.53
10.74
13.87
11.49
9.73
10.05

12.10 $12.13 516.34
13.92 14.07 603.42
635.40
14.63
474.90
11.21
458.82
10.89
478.34
11.39
481.56
11.83
426.38
10.17
569.41
13.00
592.74
13.27
11.53
495.19
458.49
10.74
616.21
13.94
488.48
11.43
399.61
9.62
415.81
9.83

500.98
575.88
606.90
475.20
454.12
470.90
467.90
421.93
560.74
583.83
485.57
452.05
597.18
485.94
403.50
421.18

537.03
625.74
661.25
494.17
478.49
498.08
499.56
449.82
580.79
598.08
510.78
480.08
632.47
505.56
417.42
435.17

526.35
609.70
643.72
483.15
475.89
496.60
501.59
446.46
566.80
581.23
500.40
469.34
634.27
490.35
406.93
421.71

$525.23
620.49

10.03
13.24
14.01
9.93
9.13
10.34
9.21
8.74
9.19
9.29
9.86
7.72
10.30
9.62
8.79
9.76
9.04
10.47
11.92
12.63
13.93
9.23
8.03
7.99
8.10
10.96
10.54
9.36
9.98
8.46

9.98
13.24
14.01
9.90
9.05
10.33
9.17
8.63
9.11
9.22
9.66
7.82
10.20
9.47
8.69
9.59
8.95
10.19
11.92
12.43
13.92
9.25
7.92
7.87
8.01
10.78
10.46
9.25
9.77
8.39

10.24
13.42
14.22
10.14
9.26
10.61
9.27
8.96
9.11
9.53
10.08
7.97
10.50
9.76
9.06
10.00
9.25
10.75
12.23
13.18
14.29
9.39
8.20
8.18
8.23
11.19
10.73
9.57
10.32
8.60

10.19
13.40
14.21
10.12
9.24
10.63
9.28
8.99
9.04
9.47
10.02
8.02
10.43
9.67
8.66
9.96
9.24
10.69
12.19
12.87
14.36
9.44
8.12
8.22
7.93
11.20
10.78
9.51
10.15
8.56

10.18 416.25
582.56
617.84
409.12
377.98
422.91
378.53
363.58
370.36
379.03
411.16
306.48
433.63
384.80
355.12
417.73
373.35
463.82
505.41
529.20
608.74
379.35
329.23
325.99
335.34
452.65
425.82
386.57
415.17
346.01

414.17
571.97
602.43
410.85
373.77
429.73
373.22
355.56
362.58
374.33
400.89
306.54
421.26
383.54
349.34
412.37
368.74
456.51
511.37
517.09
618.05
384.80
321.55
317.95
329.21
443.06
425.72
380.18
397.64
343.99

437.25
606.58
644.17
432.98
394.48
450.93
400.46
390.66
391.73
395.50
431.42
310.83
463.05
398.21
370.55
442.00
395.90
491.28
533.23
578.60
638.76
396.26
342.76
341.11
344.84
477.81
449.59
409.60
450.98
358.62

425.94
586.92
626.66
422.00
389.93
437.96
391.62
383.87
375.16
382.59
411.82
306.36
449.53
386.&0
343.80
437.24
390.85
488.53
520.51
549.55
626.10
393.65
331.30
332.91
328.30
479.36
446.29
401.32
438.48
352.67

420.43

10.77
13.33
13.02
13.43
10.17
10.99

10.64
13.22
12.60
13.42
9.29
10.01

10.96
13.43
13.67
13.36
10.49
11.34

10.92
13.63
13.72
13.61
10.30
11.13

10.91 454.49
575.86
519.50
594.95
426.12
465.98

446.88
572.43
500.22
599.87
388.32
415.42

477.86
600.32
564.57
611.89
452.12
491.02
_
_

467.38
609.26
544.68
630.14
442.90
473.03

463.68
_

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ..
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers .
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies .. .
Storage batteries
r....
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

86




1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

42.5
43.4
42.5
42.4
42.6
40.6
42.5
42.1
42.4
43.3
41.5
41.2
41.9
42.0
43.0
40.0
42.1
42.8
43.3
42.0
41.0
42.6
41.7
42.4
42.2
41.6
42.0
41.6
41.9
41.6

41.4
42.1
42.2
40.0
41.8
40.1
42.7
42.1
41.2
43.8
41.2
42.5
42.1
42.0
43.8
40.9
42.0
42.4
43.1
41.8
41.0
44.0
41.1
42.1
42.3
41.6
41.9
41.5
42.3
41.3

44.7
45.6
44.1
44.9
44.0
43.3
44.2
43.8
45.2
44.9
43.5
42.0
43.3
43.4
43.9
40.7
43.9
44.6
43.8
44.0
43.2
44.9
43.9
43.0
42.6
42.6
42.8
42.8
43.2
42.8

43.4
45.4
42.8
41.9
42.2
41.6
43.5
43.1
44.3
43.9
43.1
41.9
42.6
42.4
42.9
41.3
43.0
43.4
44.5
43.3
40.5
44.4
42.2
41.9
41.7
42.1
42.9
42.1
42.0
42.1

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

40.9
40.9
41.7
40.3
41.2
41.1
40.3
40.2
40.6
41.2
40.7
40.1
40.1
40.0
41.1
38.9
40.8
40.8
41.4
42.1
41.2
40.8
42.4
40.7
41.0
41.6
41.4
42.4

41.1
40.9
42.0
39.8
40.8
41.0
39.5
40.8
40.6
42.0
39.9
40.4
40.7
40.5
40.9
39.5
41.1
41.4
41.8
41.7
41.8
40.8
43.6
40.8
40.7
41.5
39.3
42.9

42.0
42.2
42.6
41.8
42.8
42.4
42.6
41.1
42.0
40.7
43.0
41.5
41.5
41.5
42.5
40.2
41.5
42.5
42.2
43.6
41.7
41.8
44.8
41.3
42.0
43.3
43.9
43.6

41.3
41.7
40.9
42.4
42.1
41.5
42.2
40.9
40.0
42.5
42.1
41.2
41.8
41.1
42.0
39.2
40.2
39.9
41.5
43.5
40.7
41.0
43.9
40.3
41.0
41.9
41.8
42.2

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1988P

40.5

Jan.

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

3.8
3.4
4.2
5.4
4.0
3.1
4.7
3.8
5.0
5.5
3.9
2.9
4.0
3.7
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.9
5.0
3.6
2.9
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.9
3.9
4.0

2.8
2.4
3.3
3.5
3.4
2.4
4.7
3.7
4.1
5.9
3.5
2.7
3.9
3.5
4.5
4.1
3.4
3.1
4.8
2.8
3.0
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.6
3.9
3.6

5.2
4.7
5.4
6.6
5.1
4.7
5.8
5.2
7.2
6.4
5.4
3.4
5.2
4.7
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.4
3.9
5.8
5.4
4.3
4.0
3.6
3.7
4.8
4.2
4.9

4.5
4.8
4.4
4.9
3.9
3.6
5.4
4.7
6.4
6.1
5.0
3.0
4.7
4.3
4.1
5.5
4.5
4.7
5.5
4.2
2.6
5.1
4.7
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.8
4.4
3.3
4.5

3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.3
3.6
2.2
2.7
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.1
2.8
2.8
1.6
2.5
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.2
2.6
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.6
4.2

2.8
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.7
3.3
1.3
2.9
2.7
1.9
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.5
1.7
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.3
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.6
2.6
4.8

3.8
3.7
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.5
3.4
3.2
4.6
2.2
3.7
3.8
5.0
3.7
3.9
2.4
2.9
2.9
3.4
4.1
3.1
4.0
3.5
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.9

3.3
3.5
3.0
3.9
3.3
3.5
2.4
3.0
2.4
3.0
3.6
3.7
4.5
3.5
3.6
2.5
2.2
1.7
2.8
3.9
2.5
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.6
4.1
4.0

Avg.
1987

1988 P

Feb.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
SpeciaNndustry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

$11.16 $10.93 $11.29 $11.23
12.68
12.73
12.49
12.09
11.28
11.42
11.37
11.11
10.81
11.03
11.13
11.06
9.77
9.88
9.77
9.91
9.91
10.00
9.69
9.76
11.34
11.35
11.05
11.14
11.19
11.33
11.06
11.11
11.68
11.76
11.36
11.44
12.16
12.13
11.76
11.90
10.11
10.17
10.02
9.98
8.73
8.71
8.42
8.52
10.93
10.97
10.56
10.67
10.94
11.07
10.74
10.75
8.97
8.97
8.66
8.78
11.78
11.69
11.30
11.41
10.49
10.57
10.33
10.41
11.19
11.22
10.99
11.06
10.80
10.92
10.83
10.94
10.27
10.45
10.31
10.27
9.43
9.24
9.42
9.25
10.22
10.33
10.31
10.18
10.64
10.49
10.62
10.52
10.43
10.16
10.44
10.31
10.43
10.21
10.47
10.33
10.52
10.40
10.65
10.41
10.75
10.63
10.84
10.63
10.51
10.33
10.56
10.42
12.83
12.50
13.17
12.76
10.16
10.16
10.05
9.98
9.90
9.23
9.07
9.37
9.80
9.71
9.67
9.82
11.26
11.71
7.32
9.12
10.36
8.60
9.39
6.71
9.29
9.60
11.75
11.17
11.96
8.95
11.05
10.69
8.08
10.53
11.18
11.11

9.84
9.13
9.01
9.25
9.69
9.62
9.54
9.75
11.12
11.47
7.35
9.06
10.09
8.53
9.32
6.62
9.40
9.78
11.56
11.16
11.71
8.89
10.92
10.59
8.04
10.58
10.92
11.25

10.05
9.39
9.19
9.59
9.99
10.00
9.81
9.91
11.58
12.02
7.37
9.22
10.57
8.69
9.43
6.81
9.44
9.70
11.98
11.28
12.23
9.12
11.13
10.97
8.21
10.70
11.55
11.19

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

$474.30
542.07
483.23
471.91
416.20
396.26
473.45
467.73
485.06
515.27
415.83
351.02
447.07
451.50
377.54
456.40
438.26
473.37
473.70
431.34
379.25
433.67
438.68
437.14
435.93
433.06
446.46
433.47
534.64
418.08

$452.50
508.99
468.84
442.40
414.24
388.57
471.84
465.63
468.03
515.09
411.18
357.85
444.58
451.08
379.31
462.17
433.86
465.98
466.77
430.96
378.84
454.52
431.14
427.74
431.88
432.64
445.40
428.70
528.75
412.17

$504.66
580.49
503.62
495.25
434.72
433.00
501.67
496.25
531.55
544.64
442.40
365.82
475.00
480.44
393.78
475.78
464.02
500.41
478.30
459.80
406.94
462.92
466.22
448.92
446.02
453.69
463.95
451.97
568.94
434.85

$487.38
575.67
482.78
452.94
412.29
412.26
493.29
482.29
517.42
533.82
435.74
365.79
465.62
463.86
384.81
486.51
451.07
485.65
480.60
444.69
381.92
453.77
449.01
437.02
434.93
442.89
461.18
442.47
538.86
427.74

404.42
373.42
378.42
368.15
395.35
394.42
376.83
397.80
451.47
481.74
293.27
366.02
410.66
345.47
381.19
261.49
386.34
404.89
483.21
465.37
489.48
362.71
476.11
432.07
327.23
439.07
429.16
482.63

422.10
396.26
391.49
400.86
427.57
424.00
417.91
407.30
486.36
489.21
316.91
382.63
438.66
360.64
400.78
273.76
391.76'
412.25
505.56
491.81
509.99
381.22
498.62
453.06
344.82
463.31
507.05
487.88

413.41
391.98
377.51
404.92
412.16
407.95
401.74
408.18
457.20
516.38
309.01
381.92
448.10
352.23
395.64
275.18
383.11
395.01
492.61
490.68
492.47
372.69
488.17
444.51
333.74
446.65
475.68
473.91

10.01 $10.01 404.91
377.51
9.40
378.22
9.23
377.61
9.55
.403.76
9.79
399.08
9.83
389.70
9.52
394.76
9.98
457.16
11.43
482.45
12.15
297.92
7.34
365.71
9.27
415.44
10.72
344.00
8.57
385.93
9.42
261.02
7.02
379.03
9.53
391.68
9.90
486.45
11.87
470.26
11.28
492.75
12.10
365.16
9.09
468.52
11.12
435.08
11.03
331.28
8.14
438.05
10.66
462.85
11.38
471.06
11.23

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

$405.41

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing .
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers .

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376

3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

88




383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

3961

399
3993
20
201

2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988 P

42.1
42.3
41.8
42.1
43.0
40.9
42.5
42.2
42.5
42.9
40.3
40.4
40.1
40.7
42.4
42.4
39.9
38.3

42.5
43.1
42.8
42.0
43.8
40.4
42.4
41.8
43.1
42.6
40.6
40.9
40.1
40.9
42.9
43.1
40.8
40.2

42.7
42.9
41.5
43.1
44.4
42.0
43.6
43.1
43.9
44.1
40.7
40.8
40.7
42.5
43.7
43.4
39.8
37.4

42.2
42.4
40.9
42.3
44.0
39.3
42.6
42.4
42.9
42.7
40.9
41.4
39.9
40.9
43.8
43.8
38.5
36.8

41.9
42.3

4.3
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.8
3.0
4.9
4.4
5.0
5,5
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.1
4.2
4.2
3.5
2.0

4.3
4.7
4.5
4.5
5.0
2.4
4.5
3.8
5.2
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.0
3.9
4.1
4.5
3.0

4.6
4.4
3.6
4.2
5.4
3.4
5.7
5.1
6.0
6.6
3.1
3.2
2.9
3.2
4.9
4.7
3.1
1.6

4.3
4.4
3.8
3.8
5.3
2.2
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.8
3.4
3.7
2.8
3.5
4.7
4.6
2.6
1.4

41.4
41.7
41.3
40.2
42.7
40.6
42.4
40.9
41.2
40.5
40.5
43.4
39.8

41.2
42.0
41.0
40.8
41.4
40.6
41.2
40.6
41.0
40.4
40.9
43.0
38.6

42.4
43.5
42.3
40.8
45.4
41.2
44.6
42.2
42.4
41.8
39.9
43.1
39.4

41.7
42.6
41.8
40.9
43.8
40.6
42.8
41.1
41.0
40.9
39.7
43.5
39.6

41.5

3.0
3.3
2.7
2.9
3.3
2.3
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.6
3.8
2.3

2.8
3.0
2.5
3.3
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.8
3.7
1.2

3.7
4.4
3.5
3.3
4.5
3.2
3.9
3.9
3.6
4.0
2.2
4.3
2.9

3.3
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.9
2.5
2.2
3.4
2.9
3.7
2.6
4.2
1.7

39.3
38.5
37.7
41.0
39.3
38.6
40.0
40.5
37.2
35.3
40.0
39.6

39.5
38.6
37.0
41.1
39.6
38.8
40.2
39.9
38.7
37.7
39.8
39.7

39.8
39.7
39.5
41.2
39.6
38.0
40.9
41.6
37.1
35.9
40.5
39.8

38.7
37.6
37.1
40.7
39.1
38.7
39.4
40.8
36.8
36.0
38.7
38.3

38.4

2.6
2.4
2.1
3.0
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.7

2.4
2.4
1.6
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.3
1.6
3.5
3.6
2.5
2.5

2.8
3.2
3.4
3.2
2.4
1.9
2.8
3.4
2.3
1.9
3.0
3.1

2.3
1.6
1.5
2.8
2.3
2.1
2.4
2.7
1.8
1.5
2.7
2.5

40.2
40.2
39.8
41.7
40.6
38.1
41.3
39.5
42.4
39.2
40.0
39.1
38.1
44.1
47.4
43.5
39.9
38.9
42.2

39.9
39.8
40.0
43.2
39.6
37.6
40.4
38.9
41.5
39.0
42.3
38.6
38.1
44.3
46.9
43.8
38.8
37.8
41.3

40.9
41.1
41.1
43.2
41.1
39.2
41.3
40.1
42.0
40.0
43.1
40.4
36.4
45.2
47.7
43.7
40.4
39.2
43.5

40.2
40.5
41.1
42.6
40.8
40.4
40.6
38.6
41.8
38.9
41.2
39.1
36.6
45.1
45.9
44.0
39.4
37.9
43.3

39.8
39.6

3.6
4.1
3.8
4.8
3.8
3.0
4.5
3.8
5.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
3.8
6.0
7.0
6.0
3.9
4.0
3.8

3.3
3.6
3.8
5.6
2.9
2.8
3.7
3.2
4.3
3.1
5.6
2.4
3.1
5.7
5.6
5.9
3.3
3.3
3.2

3.9
4.3
4.6
5.6
4.7
3.3
4.2
4.0
4.6
3.5
6.6
3.6
2.6
6.4
7.6
6.4
4.1
3.9
4.6

3.6
4.1
4.8
5.8
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.3
4.7
3.2
5.7
3.5
2.6
6.4
6.2
6.6
3.8
3.6
4.4

Feb.
1988P

3.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity .
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays .. . .
Nondurable goods
. ...
Food and kindred products ..
Meat products
...
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed ..
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Averagei hourly earnings

1972
SIC
Code

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

$12.96 $12.93 $13.26 $13.22 $13.20 $545.62
13.57 13.58 13.90 13.96 13.92 574.01
642.05
15.36 15.27 15.87 16.13
484.99
11.52 11.66 11.79 11.88
547.82
12.74 12.69 13.04 13.06
9.19
380.37
9.20
9.45
9.30
560.58
13.19 12.97 13.51 13.37
_
(2)
(2)
0
0
566.53
$13.33 $13.16 $13.85 $13.56
525.95
12.26 11.93 12.48 12.29
416.30
10.33 10.51 10.39 10.43
467.43
11.57 11.67 11.61 11.64
320.00
8.10
7.98
8.09
8.05
495.32
12.17 12.26 12.56 12.57
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
03
(3)
(3)
(3)
() (3)
$421.74
$10.57 $10.91 $10.51 $10.24
330.15
8.47
8.62
9.05
8.52

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715

372
3721
3724
3728

373
3731
3732

374
376
3761

379
3792

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825

383
384
3841
3842

385
386
387
39
391
3911

393
394
3942,4
3949

395
396
3961

399
3993

20
201
2011
2013
2016

202
2022
2026

203
2032
2033
2037

204
2041
2048

205
2051
2052

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

$549.53
585.30
653.56
489.72
555.82
381.78
549.93
567.20
508.22
426.71
477.30
322.81
501.43
(3)
(3)
$445.13
363.81

$566.20
596.31
658.61
508.15
578.98
385.98
589.04
608.02
550.37
422.87
473.69
329.26
533.80
(3)
(3)
$418.30
318.65

$557.88 $553.08
591.90 588.82
659.72
502.52
574.64
361.56
569.56
581.72
524.78
426.59
481.90
323.19
514.11
(3)
(3)
$394.24
311.70

Feb.
1988P

9.74
10.69
9.60
9.05
9.50
9.82
10.50
8.70
8.80
8.59
7.40
13.19
7.15

9.64
10.44
9.49
8.97
9.44
9.67
10.51
8.59
8.70
8.48
7.35
13.03
7.10

9.88
10.84
9.79
9.30
9.66
9.97
10.53
8.84
9.01
8.67
7.56
13.36
7.24

9.92
10.88
9.82
9.37
9.62
9.97
10.57
8.91
9.05
8.76
7.52
13.34
7.24

9.95 403.24
445.77
396.48
363.81
405.65
398.69
445.20
355.83
362.56
347.90
299.70
572.45
284.57

397.17
438.48
389.09
365.98
390.82
392.60
433.01
348.75
356.70
342.59
300.62
560.29
274.06

418.91
471.54
414.12
379.44
438.56
410.76
469.64
373.05
382.02
362.41
301.64
575.82
285.26

413.66
463.49
410.48
383.23
421.36
404.78
452.40
366.20
371.05
358.28
298.54
580.29
286.70

412.93
-

7.74
8.34
8.44
7.47
7.15
6.94
7.32
7.70
6.20
5.74
8.54
8.89

7.69
8.20
8.26
7.23
7.11
7.00
7.19
7.69
6.15
5.46
8.48
8.91

7.91
8.54
8.69
7.76
7.32
7.17
7.42
7.73
6.40
6.14
8.71
8.92

7.96
8.48
8.62
7.87
7.33
7.21
7.42
7.90
6.49
6.15
8.76
9.01

7.89 304.18
321.09
318.19
306.27
281.00
267.88
292.80
311.85
230.64
202.62
341.60
352.04

303.76
316.52
305.62
297.15
281.56
271.60
289.04
306.83
238.01
205.84
337.50
353.73

314.82
339.04
343.26
319.71
289.87
272.46
303.48
321.57
237.44
220.43
352.76
355.02

308.05
318.85
319.80
320.31
286.60
279.03
292.35
322.32
238.83
221.40
339.01
345.08

302.98
-

9.16
8.92
7.43
8.37
8.81
6.13
9.65
8.95
10.12
8.28
10.30
8.16
7.63
10.76
10.63
8.36
10.04
10.00
10.14

9.09
8.90
7.40
8.41
8.66
6.02
9.55
8.83
9.96
8.52
10.45
8.41
7.80
10.63
10.29
8.26
9.97
9.89
10.16

9.30
9.05
7.51
8.43
8.83
6.23
9.76
9.01
10.22
8.58
10.62
8.52
8.01
11.05
10.97
8.58
10.23
10.19
10.31

9.32
9.06
7.52
8.40
8.89
6.29
9.81
9.05
10.26
8.57
10.57
8.54
8.02
11.02
10.76
8.64
10.18
10.15
10.26

9.31 368.23
9.05 358.58
295.71
349.03
357.69
233.55
398.55
353.53
429.09
324.58
412.00
319.06
290.70
474.52
503.86
363.66
400.60
389.00
427.91

362.69
354.22
296.00
363.31
342.94
226.35
385.82
343.49
413.34
332.28
442.04
324.63
297.18
470.91
482.60
361.79
386.84
373.84
419.61

380.37
371.96
308.66
364.18
362.91
244.22
403.09
361.30
429.24
343.20
457.72
344.21
291.56
499.46
523.27
374.95
413.29
399.45
448.49

374.66
366.93
309.07
357.84
362.71
254.12
398.29
349.33
428.87
333.37
435.48
333.91
293.53
497.00
493.88
380.16
401.09
384.69
444.26

370.54
358.38

J

89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

209

40.5
43.0
39.1
42.0
40.7
42.6
40.5
38.7

40.5
42.8
38.9
42.1
39.7
42.2
39.1
37.3

42.3
46.4
40.2
44.0
41.2
43.6
40.7
39.3

41.0
45.2
39.0
44.1
40.2
41.8
39.7
37.7

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes .

21
211

38.5
38.4

37.1
37.1

40.5
41.2

40.5
43.1

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yam mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228

41.9
43.0
42.3
41.8
40.7
40.1
38.8
39.2
39.5
39.9
42.8
42.3
42.6
42.1
43.4
42.6
43.5
38.2
43.0

41.4
42.5
41.7
43.3
40.5
39.1
37.9
37.1
38.7
39.2
42.6
40.8
41.1
41.1
43.1
42.7
43.9
38.0
43.5

42.3
42.7
42.9
42.0
41.8
40.7
39.4
39.9
39.5
42.0
43.5
42.9
42.6
43.0
44.5
42.3
43.0
38.2
44.0

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear...
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

37.1
35.8
37.3
37.6
36.9
36.9
35.6
35.5
35.1
35.4
36.0
37.7
38.0
35.6
37.3
36.2
38.5
39.1
37.3
39.1
41.3

36.8
35.8
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.8
35.7
36.1
35.2
34.0
36.2
36.5
37.0
34.2
36.9
36.6
37.5
38.9
37.1
37.8
41.7

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265

43.4
45.6
45.8
44.1
42.2
44.2
41.7
42.0
42.5
42.4
43.1
41.7

43.4
45.1
45.2
44.1
42.6
44.7
42.0
43.2
42.6
42.5
43.5
40.8

See footnotes at end of table.

90




206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

2281
2282
229

2321
2327
2328
233

2331
2335
2337
2339
234

2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391

2392
2396

2651
2653

2654

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

3.3
5.5
2.3
5.1
3.8
5.3
3.6
3.9

3.4
5.9
2.1
4.9
3.0
4.6
2.4
3.3

4.0
7.1
2.7
5.6
3.8
5.6
3.5
3.8

3.7
6.4
2.5
6.0
3.4
6.1
2.4
3.2

41.6

2.4
2.6

1.0
1.1

3.3
3.7

4.2
5.7

41.4
41.7
42.5
42.9
41.7
39.6
38.9
39.8
38.8
37.2
41.9
42.2
41.5
43.0
41.4
41.7
42.4
38.6
43.3

41.0

4.5
5.9
4.6
2.3
3.5
3.4
3.0
2.7
3.3
2.4
5.3
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.3
5.0
5.6
2.7
4.6

4.2
5.4
4.2
4.7
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.0
3.0
2.2
5.2
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.5
5.0
5.7
3.0
4.6

4.6
5.7
4.8
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.1
3.0
3.8
2.2
5.7
5.0
4.6
5.4
4.5
4.7
5.0
2.7
5.4

4.3
5.3
4.6
3.1
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.2
1.6
5.0
4.9
4.9
5.3
3.6
4.6
4.9
2.4
5.0

37.6
36.9
37.5
37.9
37.7
36.5
36.2
35.7
34.8
35.8
37.1
38.3
38.7
36.3
38.6
37.0
39.0
39.6
36.8
39.4
42.5

36.7
36.7
36.9
36.5
37.1
37.0
35.5
34.9
35.1
35.5
35.8
37.8
37.7
38.3
37.5
35.5
37.1
37.9
33.7
37.9
40.5

36.7

1.8
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.4
2.1
3.0
1.6
3.0
5.6

1.7
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.6

.8
1.8
.9
1.0
.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
3.1
1.1
2.0
6.8

2.1
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.7
2.2
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.1
1.8
2.3
3.1
1.3
2.9
5.8

1.9
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.0
1.8
1.5
3.2
2.3
1.9
2.0
2.4
.3
2.5
4.6

44.1
45.9
46.1
44.4
43.0
45.0
42.5
43.1
43.6
43.4
44.2
43.8

43.6
45.4
45.4
44.2
42.6
43.8
42.2
43.0
42.8
43.4
43.4
42.6

42.8

5.2
6.7
6.9
7.3
3.9
4.3
3.2
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.9
4.2

4.9
6.2
6.4
7.0
3.9
4.3
3.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.7
3.7

5.4
6.7
6.9
6.6
4.4
4.7
4.0
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.3
4.7

5.1
6.2
6.4
6.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
5.1
4.6
5.2
4.7
4.5

Feb.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

$370.58
448.92
310.85
387.24
483.52
707.59
382.32
319.28

$360.05
428.43
297.97
375.11
467.27
696.72
359.33
309.22

$384.08
466.32
319.19
403.92
494.40
725.50
384.62
330.51

$379.66
458.78
318.63
404.40
480.79
708.09
372.78
317.43

Jan.
1988 P

Feb.
1988 P

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.1
10.44
7.95
9.22
11.88
16.61
9.44
8.25

$8.89
10.01
7.66
8.91
11.77
16.51
9.19
8.29

$9.08
10.0!
7.94
9.18
12.00
16.64
9.45
8.41

$9.26
10.1
8.17
9.17
11.96
16.94
9.39
8.4

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes .

21
211

13.81
16.70

12.97
15.79

13.56
17.03

14.07 $14.23 531.69
641.28
17.27

481.19
585.81

549.18
701.64

569.84
744.34

$591.97

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.18
7.53
7.72
7.65
6.73
6.54
6.43
6.21
6.46
6.14
7.20
7.46
7.46
7.72
7.54
6.79
6.80
6.76
8.16

7.10
7.37
7.62
7.64
6.67
6.50
6.37
6.1
6.46
6.08
7.16
7.34
7.34
7.63
7.54
6.68
6.72
6.55
8.15

7.33
7.70
7.85
7.75
6.73
6.66
6.60
6.28
6.60
6.20
7.36
7.61
7.61
7.87
7.65
6.96
6.93
7.11
8.35

7.38
7.71
7.91
7.75
6.77
6.76
6.76
6.38
6.63
6.44
7.39
7.60
7.63
7.87
7.69
7.01
6.99
7.11
8.36

7.36 300.84
323.79
326.56
319.77
273.91
262.25
249.48
243.43
255.17
244.99
308.16
315.56
317.80
325.01
327.24
289.25
295.80
258.23
350.88

293.94
313.23
317.75
330.81
270.14
254.15
241.42
227.05
250.00
238.34
305.02
299.47
301.67
313.59
324.97
285.24
295.01
248.90
354.53

310.06
328.79
336.77
325.50
281.31
271.06
260.04
250.57
260.70
260.40
320.16
326.47
324.19
338.41
340.43
294.41
297.99
271.60
367.40

305.53
321.51
336.18
332.48
282.31
267.70
262.96
253.92
257.24
239.57
309.64
320.72
316.65
338.41
318.37
292.32
296.38
274.45
361.99

301.76

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies ..
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

5.95
6.74
5.46
5.27
5.32
5.53
5.74
5.05
6.06
6.56
5.59
5.51
5.34
6.48
5.29
5.17
5.74
7.22
5.76
6.10
11.20

5.94
6.66
5.46
5.27
5.29
5.59
5.67
5.04
5.89
6.46
5.58
5.46
5.30
6.36
5.20
5.06
5.70
7.38
5.65
6.04
11.67

6.01
6.93
5.51
5.37
5.44
5.51
5.76
5.08
6.13
6.55
5.62
5.58
5.39
6.71
5.39
5.34
5.86
7.30
5.82
6.13
11.50

6.04
6.96
5.60
5.48
5.45
5.61
5.78
5.12
6.07
6.54
5.67
5.67
5.45
6.87
5.45
5.40
5.85
7.26
5.83
6.23
11.32

6.04 220.75
.241.29
203.66
198.15
196.31
204.06
204.34
179.28
212.71
232.22
201.24
207.73
202.92
230.69
197.32
187.15
220.99
282.30
214.85
238.51
462.56

218.59
238.43
201.47
194.99
195.20
205.71
202.42
181.94
207.33
219.64
202.00
199.29
196.10
217.51
191.88
185.20
213.75
287.08
209.62
228.31
486.64

225.98
255.72
206.63
203.52
205.09
201.12
208.51
181.36
213.32
234.49
208.50
213.71
208.59
243.57.
208.05
197.58
228.54
289.08
214.18
241.52
488.75

221.67
255.43
206.64
200.02
202.20
207.57
205.19
178.69
213.06
232.17
202.99
214.33
205.47
263.12
204.38
191.70
217.04
275.15
196.47
236.12
458.46

221.67

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper .
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.42
14.00
14.09
14.29
9.91
11.06
9.24
9.19
9.70
10.11
9.90
9.39

11.26
13.73
13.81
13.92
9.81
11.00
9.10
9.03
9.61
9.97
9.82
9.19

11.54
14.14
14.25
14.33
10.09
11.25
9.55
9.29
9.82
10.25
10.03
9.59

11.50
14.04
14.13
14.27
10.08
11.16
9.57
9.41
9.80
10.17
9.96
9.58

11.49 495.63
638.40
645.32
630.19
418.20
488.85
385.31
385.98
412.25
428.66
426.69
391.56

488.68
619.22
624.21
613.87
417.91
491.70
382.20
390.10
409.39
423.73
427.17
374.95

508.91
649.03
656.93
636.25
433.87
506.25
405.88
400.40
428.15
444.85
443.33
420.04

501.40
637.42
641.50
630.73
429.41
488.81
403.85
404.63
419.44
441.38
432.26
408.11

491.77

Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers
See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals ..
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding ...
Printing trade services
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods .
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Feb.
1988P

38.7
34.3
38.7
39.6
39.2
40.3
37.3
39.8
39.5
39.6
44.3
40.6
39.1

37.7
32.7
38.5
38.7
38.8
38.5
37.0
39.1
38.9
38.9
42.2
39.2
38.2

37.6

3.1
1.6
3.4
3.6
3.2
4.4
2.6
3.6
3.0
3.7
3.8
2.6
3.6

2.7
1.2
2.6
3.9
3.3
4.9
2.4
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.7
2.0
3.4

3.4
1.8
3.7
3.6
3.0
4.5
2.9
3.8
3.4
3.8
5.8
3.7
4.1

2.9
1.0
3.4
3.4
3.0
3.9
2.9
3.4
3.0
3.4
4.4
3.0
3.9

28

42.3
42.6
42.9
43.1
43.7
42.7
41.5
41.3
41.1
43.8
41.5
39.5
41.7
44.1
43.2
44.3
42.8
41.4

42.2
42.3
42.9
43.1
43.9
42.7
42.3
41.7
40.7
43.4
40.9
39.0
41.1
43.5
43.3
43.5
42.7
40.9

43.2
43.6
43.5
43.6
44.6
43.1
42.0
42.1
42.5
45.2
42.9
40.9
42.0
45.3
44.5
45.5
43.6
42.1

42.6
43.5
43.9
43.5
44.4
42.9
41.6
41.0
40.9
43.3
41.7
39.3
42.1
44.7
43.3
45.1
43.5
41.1

42.5

4.0
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.8
4.0
3.1
3.1
3.3
5.3
3.0
2.3
3.6
5.4
5.5
5.3
4.6
3.4

3.8
3.6
3.6
4.3
4.6
4.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
4.9
2.6
2.5
3.5
4.8
5.2
4.7
4.8
3.1

4.2
4.5
4.1
4.6
5.3
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.5
5.6
3.5
2.4
2.9
5.8
6.1
"5.7
4.8
3.6

4.0
4.2
4.1
4.7
5.2
4.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
4.8
3.4
2.0
3.7
5.4
5.1
5.5
4.8
3.2

44.3
44.6
44.1

44.3
44.2
45.4

44.1
44.5
43.5

43.6

5.0
4.5
7.8

4.5
4.2
6.7

5.0
4.5
7.5

5.3
5.3
6.1

41.4

4.0
5.4
2.5

3.8
4.8
2.2

4.5
6.4
3.8

4.2
6.1
2.9

4.0
3.6
4.0

2.9
3.5
3.8

5.3
4.4
4.3

4.7
4.0
4.0

2.1
4.2
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.1

1.7
3.5
1.5
1.4
2.0
1.1
1.9

2.1
4.6
1.8
1.8
1.7
2.9
1.9

1.8
4.2
1.6
1.5
1.9
2.2
1.8

281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284

2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

295

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.6
44.0
41.7

41.6
43.9
40.9

42.5
45.4
44.1

41.9
45.3
42.5

303,4
306
307

42.4
41.4
41.3

41.1
41.8
41.3

45.1
42.9
41.9

45.1
41.9
41.3

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311

38.1
41.5
37.8
37.9
37.8
39.4
36.8

37.3
40.8
36.8
37.4
36.6
37.5
36.9

38.5
41.6
38.3
38.4
38.1
40.1
36.9

37.6
40.7
37.1
37.0
37.0
40.4
36.6

36.7

39.1

38.5

39.2

38.9

38.9

4011

43.0

42.4

42.5

40.9

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

34.3
38.7
39.7

33.8
38.9
39.1

34.1
38.4
39.0

34.1
39.0
39.0

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.4
38.4
39.0

37.4
37.3
38.0

38.6
38.5
40.0

37.8
37.8
38.3

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

41.9

42.1

43.5

42.2

314
3143
3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities




Jan.
1988P

37.6
32.7
38.0
39.2
38.2
40.9
35.8
39.2
38.8
39.1
41.6
38.0
38.1

43.9
43.8
45.2

92

Dec.

1987

38.0
33.7
38.9
38.6
38.3
39.1
36.4
39.5
39.1
39.4
41.4
38.6
38.3

29
291

See footnotes at end of table.

Jan.
1987

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads4

Avg.
1987

Feb.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
. .
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing ..
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding .. ..
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

$10.28 $10.14 $10.44 $10.41 $10.44 $390.64
342.06
10.15 10.07 10.23 10.32
418.56
10.76 10.63 10.76 10.75
9.34
9.31
9.41
359.75
9.32
8.90
9.05
8.79
339.72
8.87
9.98
392.96
10.05 10.13 10.03
9.76
9.79
9.19
345.07
9.48
418.31
10.59 10.41 10.79 10.71
398.04
10.18 10.09 10.43 10.37
422.76
10.73 10.52 10.88 10.83
444.64
10.74 10.60 11.06 10.77
315.75
8.28
8.43
8.06
8.18
477.98
12.48 12.38 12.65 12.84

Jan.
1988P

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

$381.26
329.29
403.94
364.95
335.78
414.32
329.00
408.07
391.49
411.33
440.96
306.28
471.68

$404.03
350.89
416.41
369.86
348.88
404.21
364.05
429.44
411.99
430.85
489.96
342.26
494.62

$392.46 $392.54
337.46
413.88
364.17
351.14
384.23
362.23
418.76
403.39
421.29
454.49
324.58
490.49

514.00
564.28
575.29
531.85
582.99
506.85
477.57
461.62
444.04
603.69
410.64
366.21
441.41
632.93
625.25
634.67
509.41
457.67

545.18
604.30
602.91
555.03
612.80
521.08
502.74
488.36
471.33
654.50
435.01
389.37
459.90
680.41
678.18
680.68
544.56
488.36

534.20
600.74
606.70
548.10
600.73
519.09
492.96
474.37
452.35
622.65
424.51
374.14
468.15
661.56
634.35
669.28
539.84
473.47

530.83

Feb.
1988P

12.18
13.34
13.41
12.34
13.28
11.87
11.29
11.07
10.91
13.91
10.04
9.39
10.74
14.55
14.44
14.59
11.93
11.19

12.62
13.86
13.86
12.73
13.74
12.09
11.97
11.60
11.09
14.48
10.14
9.52
10.95
15.02
15.24
14.96
12.49
11.60

12.54
13.81
13.82
12.60
13.53
12.10
11.85
11.57
11.06
14.38
10.18
9.52
11.12
14.80
14.65
14.84
12.41
11.52

12.49 523.25

289

12.37
13.62
13.70
12.52
13.52
11.97
11.64
11.31
10.87
14.11
10.00
9.30
10.82
14.88
14.76
14.92
11.98
11.38

Petroleum and coal products .
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

14.57
15.72
11.48

14.57
15.65
11.26

14.72
15.75
11.76

14.91
15.94
11.54

14.89 639.62

645.45
697.99
496.57

652.10
696.15
533.90

657.53
709.33
501.99

649.20

688.54
518.90

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products ..

30
301
302

8.88
14.03
6.03

8.83
13.91
5.94

9.00

8.97
14.25
6.14

8.97 369.41
617.32
251.45

367.33
610.65
242.95

382.50
643.32
273.42

375.84
645.53
260.95

371.36

14.17
6.20

303,4
306
307

8.94
8.60
8.26

8.92
8.49
8.19

9.00
8.82
8.39

8.95
8.77
8.32

379.06
356.04
341.14

366.61
354.88
338.25

405.90
378.38
351.54

403.65
367.46
343.62

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing .
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ..
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods ..

31
311
314

6.06
8.14
5.76
6.16
5.42
6.37
5.82

6.04
7.90
5.77
6.19
5.43
6.23
5.80

6.11
8.28
5.87
6.21
5.57
6.42
5.66

6.11
8.30
5.88
6.28
5.55
6.36
5.61

6.16 230.89
337.81
217.73
233.46
204.88
250.98
214.18

225.29
322.32
212.34
231.51
198.74
233.63
214.02

235.24
344.45
224.82
238.46
212.22
257.44
208.85

229.74
337.81
218.15
232.36
205.35
256.94
205.33

226.07

12.01

11.89

12.17

12.12

12.14 469.59

457.77

477.06

471.47

472.25

4011

14.26

14.10

14.37

14.20

613.18

597.84

610.73

580.78

Local and interurban passenger transit ..
Local and suburban transportation ..
Intercity highway transportation .

41
411

8.15
8.71
11.80

8.29
9.00
11.40

8.35
8.99

413

8.30
8.89
11.67

11.53

284.69
344.04
463.30

275.47
338.82
461.38

282.69
345.60
444.60

284.74
350.61
449.67

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.81
11.00
8.29

10.70
10.90
8.17

10.96
11.16
8.44

10.87
11.06
8.55

415.10
422.40
323.31

400.18
406.57
310.46

423.06
429.66
337.60

410.89
418.07
327.47

Pipe lines, except natural gas ..

46

15.38

15.37

15.78

15.78

644.42

647.08

686.43

665.92

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee .
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods .
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products .. .

28
281

2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287

3143

3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities .
Railroad transportation:
Class ! railroads4..

580.21
587.73
539.61
590.82
511,12
483.06
467.10
446.76
618.02
415.00
367.35
451.19
656.21
637.63
660.96
512.74
471.13

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

48
481
483

40.0
41.3
36.3

39.7
40.9
36.4

40.1
41.4
36.1

40.1
41.3
36.5

49
491
492
493
495

41.5
41.2
40.8
42.4
42.3

41.5
41.5
41.4
42.0
41.5

41.8
41.5
41.2
43.2
41.7

41.7
41.6
41.4
42.9
40.4

38.2

38.1

38.3

38.0

38.7
38.3
37.3
39.4
36.4
40.7
38.4
38.4
39.1
37.9

38.6
38.2
37.0
38.8
36.7
40.5
38.7
38.0
38.9
37.6

38.9
38.7
38.1
39.4
36.3
41.8
38.4
38.5
39.2
38.1

38.5
38.2
37.8
38.2
35.5
41.1
38.2
38.5
39.0
37.2

37.5
37.1
37.4
36.8
38.0
39.1
39.0
35.7
36.9

37.4
37.1
37.5
36.3
37.7
39.1
39.4
35.7
36.7

37.6
37.4
37.9
37.5
38.1
39.3
38.8
35.6
36.8

37.2
36.7
37.6
36.9
37.8
39.1
39.3
35.0
36.3

29.3

28.3

29.3

28.3

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment..
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products .
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51

509
511
512
513
514
516

517
518

519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.7
38.6
33.2

36.2
38.1
32.5

36.4
38.3
33.3

35.8
37.5
32.7

General merchandise stores ..
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

28.1
27.9
29.2
30.1

26.7
26.4
28.4
28.3

28.6
28.2
31.0
31.4

25.7
25.2
28.1
29.0

Food stores
Grocery stores

54
541
546

30.1
30.4
27.6

29.1
29.4
26.0

29.9
30.0
28.4

29.7
29.8
27.4

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.6
37.4
39.2
34.2

36.2
37.1
38.8
33.6

36.4
37.3
38.5
33.9

36.3
37.3
38.3
34.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.9
29.7
25.6
27.1
27.9

25.5
29.1
24.5
24.9
26.7

27.8
30.5
26.0
28.3
28.6

25.7
29.2
24.1
25.5
26.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

33.1
33.0
33.9
32.8

32.8
32.4
33.5
33.2

33.6
33.5
34.0
33.5

32.5
32.5
33.3
32.1

Eating and drinking places5

58

25.9

24.7

25.6

25.0

Retail bakeries

See footnotes at end of table.

94




Average overtime hours
Feb.
1988P

37.9

28.6

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

SIC
ooae

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Averagei weekly earnings

Average» hourly earnings

1972
Industry

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

$12.43 $12.28 $12.61 $12.52
13.21 13.07 13.38 13.28
10.86 10.63 11.25 11.32

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

$497.20 $487.52 $505.66 $502.05
545.57 534.56 553.93 548.46
394.22 386.93 406.13 413.18

13.80
13.86
13.00
16.16
10.14

13.61
13.65
12.79
15.90
9.95

14.02
14.04
13.21
16.41
10.54

13.96
13.96
13.22
16.25
10.60

572.70
571.03
530.40
685.18
428.92

564.82
566.48
529.51
667.80
412.93

586.04
582.66
544.25
708.91
439.52

582.13
580.74
547.31
697.13
428.24

9.61

9.49

9.74

9.79

$9.81 367.10

361.57

373.04

372.02 $371.80

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

9.74
8.70
8.92
9.26
9.76
10.35
10.07
9.23
10.40
7.75

9.58
8.57
8.75
9.08
9.85
10.22
9.84
9.15
10.21
7.64

9.90
8.95
8.96
9.45
9.55
10.45
10.29
9.33
10.57
7.82

9.94
9.01
8.99
9.44
9.43
10.45
10.36
9.36
10.61
7.85

376.94
333.21
332.72
364.84
355.26
421.25
386.69
354.43
406.64
293.73

369.79
327.37
323.75
352.30
361.50
413.91
380.81
347.70
397.17
287.26

385.11
346.37
341.38
372.33
346.67
436.81
395.14
359.21
414.34
297.94

382.69
344.18
339.82
360.61
334.77
429.50
395.75
360.36
413.79
292.02

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.41
10.14
10.81
9.18
9.52
12.08
9.66
11.03
7.70

9.36
9.92
10.65
9.21
9.49
12.01
9.74
10.80
7.65

9.53
10.39
10.83
9.22
9.63
12.11
9.78
11.28
7.75

9.56
10.44
10.88
9.43
9.62
12.24
9.79
11.03
7.78

352.88
376.19
404.29
337.82
361.76
472.33
376.74
393.77
284.13

350.06
368.03
399.38
334.32
357.77
469.59
383.76
385.56
280.76

358.33
388.59
410.46
345.75
366.90
475.92
379.46
401.57
285.20

355.63
383.15
409.09
347.97
363.64
478.58
384.75
386.05
282.41

6.12

6.09

6.19

6.23

6.22 179.32

172.35

181.37

176.31

Retail trade

Feb.
1988P

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.01
7.35
5.94

6.99
7.31
5.89

7.17
7.55
6.05

7.22
7.57
6.08

257.27
"283.71
197.21

253.04
278.51
191.43

260.99
289.17
201.47

258.48
283.88
198.82

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.48
6.80
4.81
5.02

6.41
6.71
4.75
5.01

6.57
6.90
4.89
4.94

6.40
6.69
4.83
5.12

182.09
189.72
140.45
151.10

171.15
177.14
134.90
141.78

187.90
194.58
151.59
155.12

164.48
168.59
135.72
148.48

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

6.95
7.11
5.61

6.95
7.11
5.58

6.90
7.06
5.75

6.97
7.10
5.74

209.20
216.14
154.84

202.25
209.03
145.08

206.31
211.80
163.30

207.01
211.58
157.28

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

7.76
9.44
6.69
5.51

7.57
9.13
6.56
5.44

7.84
9.44
6.85
5.64

7.83
9.39
6.86
5.65

284.02
353.06
262.25
188.44

274.03
338.72
254.53
182.78

285.38
352.11
263.73
191.20

284.23
350.25
262.74
192.67

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.57
6.59
5.23
5.51
5.61

5.48
6.46
5.18
5.56
5.26

5.62
6.63
5.28
5.44
5.82

5.72
6.80
5.38
5.54
5.85

149.83
195.72
133.89
149.32
156.52

139.74
187.99
126.91
138.44
140.44

156.24
202.22
137.28
153.95
166.45

147.00
198.56
129.66
141.27
156.78

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.51
7.59
7.48
7.40

7.41
7.57
7.30
7.19

7.75
7.75
7.74
7.75

7.68
7.80
7.72
7.47

248.58
250.47
253.57
242.72

243.05
245.27
244.55
238.71

260.40
259.63
263.16
259.63

249.60
253.50
257.08
239.79

Eating and drinking places5

58

4.41

4.39

4.50

4.53

114.22

108.43

115.20

113.25

177.89

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .. .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate6

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

30.3
28.1
28.8
33.1
38.7
32.1

29.7
27.7
28.1
32.3
39.4
31.1

30.9
28.3
29.9
35.1
39.5
32.2

29.5
27.3
27.8
31.8
41.8
30.6

36.2

36.3

36.0

36.2

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

36.1
36.1

36.2
36.3

35.8
35.7

36.0
35.9

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

36.7
36.0
36.7

36.5
36.1
36.3

36.2
35.6
36.4

36.5
36.0
36.4

Insurance carriers .
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ....
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.3
36.9
38.0
37.3

37.5
37.0
39.0
37.3

37.3
36.8
38.3
37.1

37.6
37.1
39.2
37.3

32.5

32.2

32.4

32.5

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts5

701

30.7

29.4

29.7

30.2

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops5

721
723

34.2
29.5

33.8
29.0

34.2
29.7

33.1
29.1

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.5
36.5
28.6
37.5

33.3
36.0
28.1
37.7

33.7
36.7
28.5
37.4

33.6
36.7
28.3
38.1

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.9
38.4

37.0
38.5

36.5
38.4

36.6
38.0

76

37.8

37.6

38.4

37.7

78
781

29.3
37.2

28.8
36.9

29.6
38.1

28.8
35.9

79

28.9

28.2

28.3

28.0

80
801
802
805
806

32.4
30.9
28.3
31.6
34.1

32.2
30.9
28.2
31.4
34.0

32.3
31.0
28.6
31.6
34.0

32.5
31.3
28.4
31.8
34.2

81

34.6

34.5

34.4

35.0

89
891
893

38.4
39.5
37.3

38.5
39.4
37.9

38.2
39.6
36.4

38.4
39.1
37.8

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities .
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .
See footnotes at end of table.

96




Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1988P

36.6

32.7

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

1972
SIC

Jan.
1987

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate6

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988 P

$6.32
5.86
5.86
7.18
9.06
6.49

$6.27
5.77
5.82
7.13
9.17
6.40

$6.32
5.90
5.82
7.21
9.29
6.43

$6.52
6.04
6.10
7.25
9.61
6.54

8.76

8.60

8.87

9.01

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988 P

$191.50 $186.22 $195.29 $192.34
164.67
159.83 166.97 164.89
168.77
163.54 174.02 169.58
237.66
230.30 253.07 230.55
350.62
361.30 366.96 401.70
208.33
199.04 207.05 200.12
$9.05

317.11

312.18

319.32

326.16

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks .

60
602

7.50
7.26

7.37
7.15

7.60
7.36

7.73
7.52

270.75
262.09

266.79
259.55

272.08
262.75

278.28
269.97

Credit agencies other than banks ., ..
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

7.97
7.41
7.49

7.84
7.23
7.37

8.04
7.55
7.57

8.14
7.65
7.61

292.50
266.76
274.88

286.16
261.00
267.53

291.05
268.78
275.55

297.11
275.40
277.00

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

9.62
9.17
9.42
9.98

9.36
8.91
9.24
9.70

9.82
9.43
9.48
10.25

9.91
9.50
9.45
10.35

358.83
338.37
357.96
372.25

351.00
329.67
360.36
361.81

366.29
347.02
363.08
380.28

372.62
352.45
370.44
386.06

8.47

8.37

8.73

8.78

275.28

269.51

282.85

285.35

Services

8.80

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 5 .

701

6.12

6.12

6.41

6.33

187.88

179.93

190.38

191.17

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops5

721
723

6.14
6.40

6.03
6.10

6.22
6.72

6.26
6.55

209.99
188.80

203.81
176.90

212.72
199.58

207.21
190.61

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services .

73
731
734
737

8.71
11.89
6.74
12.12

8.58
11.30
6.56
11.73

8.88
12.24
6.84
12.38

9.01
12.30
6.75
12.35

291.79
433.99
192.76
454.50

285.71
406.80
184.34
442.22

299.26
449.21
194.94
463.01

302.74
451.41
191.03
470.54

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive repair shops

75
753

7.83
8.42

7.66
8.30

8.02
8.58

8.07
8.68

288.93
323.33

283.42
319.55

292.73
329.47

295.36
329.84

Miscellaneous repair services

76

9.14

8.89

9.49

9.41

345.49

334.26

364.42

354.76

Motion pictures

78
781

12.15
16.28

12.45
16.74

13.15
17.07

12.67
16.64

356.00
605.62

358.56
617.71

389.24
650.37

364.90
597.38

79

7.03

7.49

7.68

7.64

203.17

211.22

217.34

213.92

80
801
802
805
806

8.70
8.40
8.49
5.99
9.85

8.53
8.29
8.38
5.89
9.63

8.91
8.57
8.66
6.12
10.14

8.98
8.65
8.70
6.18
10.23

281.88
259.56
240.27
189.28
335.89

274.67
256.16
236.32
184.95
327.42

287.79
265.67
247.68
193.39
344.76

291.85
270.75
247.08
196.52
349.87

Motion picture production and services .
Amusement and recreation services ..

Feb.
1988 P

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services .

81

11.96

11.69

12.33

12.46

413.82

403.31

424.15

436.10

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
893

12.10
12.96
10.33

11.84
12.84
9.89

12.37
13.17
10.58

12.36
13.24
10.53

464.64
511.92
385.31

455.84
505.90
374.83

472.53
521.53
385.11

474.62
517.68
398.03

$331.23

287.76

I
1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in the aircraft industry (SIC
3721).
3
Publication of data for SIC 3761, and thus the 376 aggregate, has
been temporarily suspended, as the series may have been inflated by the
incorrect incorporation of lump-sum payments. Estimates for October 1983
forward are under review.
4
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of




$50,000,000 or more.
5
Money payments only; tips, not included.
' Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
n
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to
revision.

97

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (sic 3721) has been used to escalate labor costs
in contracts between aircraft companies and their customers.
Although the Bureau's series by definition takes account of
traditional wage rate changes, it does not capture 'Hump-sum
payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases" which
were negotiated in aircraft manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
As a service to aircraft companies and other interested parties,
BLS has calculated an average hourly earnings series for sic 3721
which includes lump-sum payments. This series is presented in
table C-2a along with the average hourly earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. The
series begins in October 1983, the effective date of the first aircraft bargaining agreement using lump-sum payments.
The general practice in the industry has been to make this
payment at the beginning of the contract year "in lieu of a
wage increase" and to base the amount of the payment on the
workers' earnings during the preceding year. As a result, the
Bureau considered three approaches to the method for
calculating an average hourly earnings series which includes
lump-sum payments:
1. The entire payment could be included in the month in
which the payment was made.
2. The payments could be prorated backward to payroll
periods used to determine the amount of the lump-sum
payment.
3. The payments could be prorated forward as an advance

payment for payroll periods in the year following the
payment.
The first approach, attractive because it includes the payment in the month in which it is received by the worker, creates
1-month "spikes" and a series which would not be useful for
escalation purposes. The second approach, which prorates the
payments backward, places emphasis on the determination of
the amount of the payment from workers' earnings in the
previous year. This approach generally relates the payments to
the workers who receive them. However, the Bureau has
received statements from both union and company officials
who negotiated the agreements covering a majority of the
workers in the industry. These statements make clear that the
intent of the bargainers was to make an advance payment for
the upcoming contract year in lieu of an increase in wage rates
for that following year.
Because BLS has a longstanding policy of leaving the interpretation of collective bargaining agreements to the parties involved,
the Bureau calculated the inclusion of lump-sum payments using
the third method, prorating the payments forward through the
years covered by the contract. Because the payments prorated forward under this approach may include payments to workers no
longer on the payroll, data provided by the aircraft companies
have been used to adjust for this difference.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes
in the way that employees are compensated. The changes are
widespread and they differ by industry. Because of these
developments, the Bureau plans to conduct a broad-based
review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and
wage programs to determine the proper treatment of lumpsum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)

Year

Annual
average

Jan.

Feb.

T

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

$12.76
13.04
13.35
13.52
13.80

$12.83
13.05
13.37
13.67
13.94

$12.93
13.13
13.48
13.65
13.99

$12.83
13.26
13.54
14.19
14.13

$12.92
13.28
13.57
14.31
14.26

$13.03
13.37
13.68
14.26
14.31

Average hourly earnings, excluding lump-sum payments
1983..
1984..
1985..
1986..
1987..

$12.91
13.18
13.48
13.74

$12.82
13.01
13.38
13.61

$12.88
13.12
13.44
13.61

$12.85
13.11
13.46
13.66

$12.81
13.04
13.45
13.63

$12.78
13.06
13.38
13.73

$12.87
13.11
13.42
13.72

$12.89
13.05
13.41
13.68

$12.87
13.16
13.44
13.76

$12.97
13.26
13.48
13.76

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum payments

1983..
1984..
1985..
1986..
1987..

98




$13.11
13.40
13.80
14.32

$12.95
13.26
13.58
14.21

$13.02
13.36
13.64
14.25

$13.02
13.33
13.66
14.29

$12.98
13.26
13.68
14.36

$12.97
13.27
13.60
14.42

$13.06
13.33
13.64
14.39

$13.11
13.29
13.61
14.37

$13.09
13.39
13.63
14.43

$13.19
13.48
13.67
14.39

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing

12.34
9.40
7.49

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Todacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

8.77
8.49
13.39
6.82
5.80
10.78
9.88
11.82
13.78
8.47
5.90

10.00
8.03
7.41
9.69
11.33
9.59
10.28
9.55

8.72
8.54

8.88
8.60

13.25
6.76
5.79
10.67
9.79

13.03
6.95
5.86
10.87
9.99
12.03
13.94
8.55
5.95

11.68

13.79
8.41
5.88

8.91
8.61
13.37
7.01

$8.92

5.89
10.87

10.02
11.97
14.07
8.54
5.97
I

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
1
= preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are
subject to revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry

T

Average weekly earnings

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$8.98
4.86

$8.90
4.93

$9.13
4.87

$9.18
4.88

$9.17

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.45
6.74

12.66
7.01

12.50
6.67

12.67
6.74

$12.60

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.66
6.86

12.58
6.97

12.78
6.82

12.92
6.87

$12.74

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.91
5.37

9.84
5.45

10.08
5.38

10.07
5.36

12.01
6.51

11.89
6.58

12.17
6.49

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.61
5.21

9.49
5.25

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.12
3.32

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars




Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

Avg.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Feb.
1988P

$312.50 $306.16 $318.64 $315.79 $317.28
169.28 169.52 170.03 167.97

526.64
285.29

538.05
297.92

535.00
285.49

532.14
283.05

$527.94

477.28
258.55

467.98
259.13

480.53
256.42

465.12
247.40

$461.19

$10.07

406.31
220.10

401.47
222.30

421.34
224.83

412.87
219.61

$409.85

12.12
6.45

$12.14

469.59
254.38

457.77
253.47

477.06
254.57

471.47
250.78

$472.25

9.74
5.20

9.79
5.21

$9.81

367.10
198.86

361.57
200.20

373.04
199.06

372.02
197.88

$371.80

6.09
3.37

6.19
3.30

6.23
3.31

$6.22

179.32
97.14

172.35
95.43

181.37
96.78

176.31
93.78

$177.89

8.76
4.75

8.60
4.76

8.87
4.73

9.01
4.79

$9.05

317.11
171.78

312.18
172.86

319.32
170.39

326.16
173.49

$331.23

8.47
4.59

8.37
4.64

8.73
4.66

8.78
4.67

$8.80

275.28
149.12

269.51
149.23

282.85
150.93

285.35
151.78

$287.76

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
' — preliminary.

100

Dec.
1987

0

O

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1986 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

Feb.

Total private .

1988

1987

Industry
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

34.9

34.8

34.7

34.9

34.8

34.8

34.9

41.1
3.6
41.7
3.7
41.3
40.2
42.8
42.6
42.3
41.6
42.2
41.1
42.5
43.0
41.3

40.9
3.6
41.5
3.7
40.9
40.0
42.5
42.6
42.3
41.5
42.0
40.9
42.3
42.9
41.3

40.6
3.5
41.2
3.6
40.6
39.1
41.9
42.3
42.4
41.2
41.8
40.6
41.9
42.1
41.0

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
41.0
39.9
42.3
43.1
43.3
41.6
42.2
40.8
42.2
42.5
41.5

41.0
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.6
40.0
42.0
43.1
43.5
41.5
42.2
41.1
41.9
42.0
41.5

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.8
40.6
40.0
42.2
43.4
44.1
41.4
42.4
41.1
41.7
41.9
41.6

41.0
3.8
41.6
4.0
40.4
40.1
42.1
43.5
44.0
41.5
42.2
41.0
41.9
41.9
41.7

40.3
3.5
40.1
2
()
42.0
37.4
43.3
38.1
42.2
44.0

40.1
3.5
40.0
2
()
42.1
37.0
43.0
37.9
42.0
44.1

39.7
3.3
39.8
2
()
41.4
36.1
43.0
37.7
42.2
43.9

40.2
3.7
40.1
2
()
42.0
37.2
43.5
37.9
42.1
44.3

40.2
3.6
40.1

40.3
3.7
39.9

42.1
37.1
43.3
38.1
42.0
43.3

(2)

39.0

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

p

Feb. p

34.6

34.9

34.9

34.6

34.7

34.9

40.6
3.6
41.0
3.7
39.4
39.3
41.9
43.4
45.2
40.8
41.6
40.4
41.3
41.3
41.1

41.3
4.0
41.9
4.1
40.4
40.0
42.6
43.7
44.3
42.0
42.6
41.1
42.5
43.0
42.1

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.0
40.8
40.0
42.5
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.4
43.1
41.7

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.3
41.7
42.5
40.9
41.4
41.4
41.3

41.1
3.9
41.7
4.0
40.2
39.6
42.0
43.5
44.0
41.9
42.8
41.2
42.0
42.1
41.7

40.9
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.7
39.6
41.9
43.2
43.9
41.5
42.6
40.7
42.0
42.5
41.5

40.3
3.7
40.3

40.1
3.6
40.2

40.5
3.8
40.5

40.3
3.7
40.6

42.1
37.4
43.4
37.9
42.4
43.3

41.3
36.3
43.8
38.2
42.8
43.2

41.9
37.4
43.7
38.0
42.7
43.5

(2)
41.7
37.2
43.2
37.9
42.7
44.3

40.4
3.8
40.7
2
()
41.6
36.9
43.6
38.0
42.6
44.4

40.2
3.6
40.3

42.4
37.3
43.5
38.1
42.2
44.4

40.4
3.8
40.6
2
()
41.8
37.1
43.5
38.0
42.7
43.6

(2)
41.4
37.0
43.1
37.9
42.6
44.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

39.2

38.8

39.2

39.3

39.1

39.3

39.1

39.0

39.4

39.1

38.2

38.3

38.2

38.1

38.3

38.0

38.4

38.3

38.1

38.2

38.2

29.5

29.4

29.2

29.3

29.6

29.6

29.3

29.2

28.8

28.9

29.2

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade

39.2
38.3
29.3

39.0
38.1
29.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate

()

()

()

Services

32.6

32.5

32.4

2

2

()

(2)

32.7

32.9

2

2

32.5

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




I

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.6

32.4

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are
subject to revision.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1987

1988

Industry
Jan.p

Feb.p

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Total private

119.7

119.6

119.6

120.2

120.0

120.6

121.2

120.4

121.9

122.2

121.8

122.3

123.5

Goods-producing

99.3

98.9

98.0

99.2

98.9

99.5

99.7

97.7

101.3

101.4

101.6

100.5

101.3

79.9

80.0

81.3

83.4

83.5

85.0

85.2

84.9

87.7

86.4

85.8

82.8

83.6

136.2

135.5

132.8

134.3

132.6

133.2

133.6

124.9

136.8

136.1

138.5

130.5

136.7

93.1

92.8

92.1

93.1

93.1

93.6

93.8

93.1

95.0

95.4

95.2

95.6

95.3

90.6

90.2

90.5
103.2

90.6
102.4

91.2

93.0

101.7
112.7
87.7
66.8

104.2
113.3
88.1
67.3
55.0

92.6
103.7

92.9

101.2

92.7
104.6
113.4

82.3

90.1
99.2
109.7
85.9
65.9
55.2
88.2
86.7
99.3
95.2
83.3
102.1
80.7

92.6

102.5

89.6
102.0
105.7
86.3

90.5

103.3
107.9
88.3

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

61.2
46.8
89.1

85.1
100.8
98.9
89.0

107.9
87.5
61.9
47.7

88.9
84.7
99.9
98.2
88.0

62.1
49.6
88.4
84.8
99.0

96.6
85.6
101.0
79.9

102.0

101.7

81.1

81.1

96.7

96.5
99.4
111
82.9
85.3
99.7
129.4
93.1
83.3
113.5
57.8

95.7
99.3
77.3
81.3
83.5
99.5
128.7
93.4
82.9

131.0

131.5

107.7

107.9

116.9

117.4

120.3

121.6

141.5

142.0

150.2

150.3

99.3
76.0
82.3
86.1

100.6
130.2
93.4
83.1

113.5
57.8
131.0
107.8
117.4
120.4
141.0
150.1

112.6
57.4

109.0

86.9
63.1
50.7
89.0
86.0
99.4
97.3




51.4
89.1
86.5

111.6

86.1
64.4
52.6
89.0
87.0

111.7
86.1
65.0
53.0

89.4
87.4
100.8
97.4
86.1
103.0

54.9
91.3

89.3

100.6

81.0

99.9
96.6
85.1
102.2
81.4

97.0
99.6
80.1

97.0
99.3
76.3

98.1

97.7

97.4

98.7

99.6
73.1

82.9

84.8
88.2
100.8

99.1
72.4
82.4
84.8
101.9
132.6

100.3
73.8
83.7
87.8
101.3
132.3

96.3

114.5

83.3
85.9
100.0
131.1
92.8
83.4
114.8

99.5
71.0
83.7
86.6
100.4

59.5

86.1
102.0

94.3
81.5
103.0
81.9

102.0
97.8
86.9
105.1
82.7

92.2
90.1
102.0
97.3
86.7
104.6
82.5
99.0
101.4
75.4
83.8
87.6
101.0

113.5
88.7
67.1
55.1

91.7
90.1

102.8
113.4
86.7
66.6
54.8

92.3
91.3

102.7
94.9
83.0
103.6
82.0

103.3
95.6
83.2

99.2

99.5
103.0

105.2
82.4

86.9
66.5
55.4
91.6
91.1
102.1

95.5
83.8
104.7
82.8

99.2

115.5

84.5
118.4

97.0
83.9
119.3

101.4
78.5
83.6
87.3
100.5
133.1
97.8
86.9
119.8

61.4

60.0

61.1

60.2

60.2

60.0

58.9

132.3

133.1

132.9

133.3

133.6

133.0

134.3

135.8

107.6

109.0

109.7

109.9

110.9

110.7

110.5

112.0

111.4

117.7

117.6

117.5

118.2

117.3

118.8

119.0

118.8

119.5

119.8

121.2

120.4

121.2

122.4

122.5

121.9

121.6

120.1

121.6

123.5

142.5

142.7

142.0

143.0

141.4

142.2

142.9

141.1

142.7

143.7

151.2

151.7

152.5

152.9

152.9

153.5

154.6

154.5

156.0

158.2

85.8
100.5
130.0
93.7
84.5

131.4
94.5

131.4

84.7
115.0

83.4

96.4
83.2

115.5

59.7

62.2

131.9

131.7

108.5

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

102

101.7
109.5
86.1
63.5

95.5

133.0

79.6
83.1
86.4
101.7
134.5

102.2
77.3
83.1
86.3
100.7
135.1

87.1
120.1

97.9
87.5
119.3

97.6

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1987

1988

Industry
Feb.

Mar. | Apr.

May

June

July

i Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.p

p

Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977 = 100)
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

174.1

174.6

174.9

175.8

175.7

176.4

176.5

154.3
174.7
176.4

154.7
175.5
177.0

154.0
176.7
176.6

154.7
176.3
176.9

156.6
176.6
177.1

154.4
176.9
177.4

156.8
177.0
177.4

160.3

160.9

161.5

162.7

162.2

162.3

162.7

162.8

179.9

179.9

180.5

182.4

182.3

183.9

185.2

185.1

186.3

157.1
177.4
177.6
(3)
162.4
(3)
185.9

94.0

93.8

93.7

93.7

93.8

93.6

93.8

93.6

93.7

171.8

172.2

172.6

172.9

172.9

173.2

(3)
152.4
173.7
174.3

153.8
174.3
174.6

153.7
175.0
175.2

154.1
174.4
176.2

155.0
174.7
175.6

158.9

159.0

159.8

160.2

178.4

179.0

179.4

94.6'

94.4

94.2

0

Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

$8.91
$8.91
$8.95 $8.94 $8.96 $9.02
$9.02 $9.08 $9.12 $9.11
$9.14 $9.12
(3)
$12.48 $12.62 $12.61 $12.65 $12.72 $12.67 $12.71 $12.67 $12.68 $12.84 $12.65 $12.86 $12.71
9.81
9.83
9.86
9.88
9.88
9.87
9.93
10.02
10.00
10.01
10.02
10.02
10.04
11.92
11.96
12.05
11.97
12.04
12.08
12.04
12.09
12.09
12.10
11.89
12.08
12.09
9.50
9.53
9.52
9.59
9.58
9.59
9.68
9.65
9.72
9.75
9.69
9.77
9.76
6.04
6.05
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.13
6.19
6.16
6.17
6.21
6.19
6.17
8.67
8.69
8.74
8.68
8.74
8.79
8.85
8.97
8.84
8.88
9.00
8.66
8.96
8.38
8.39
8.41
8.40
8.44
8.54
8.53
8.60 . 8.67
8.65
8.71
8.35
8.71
Average weekly earnings

Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 ,

309.91 310.07 309.18 312.36 311.11 311.81 314.80 312.09 316.89 318.29 315.21 317.16 318.29
170.66 169.99 168.67 169.85 168.71 168.64 169.43 167.61 169.55 169.94 168.02 168.43

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1986 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1983 forward are subject to
revision. The CPI-W has been revised to reflect the experience through
December 1987. Constant-dollar earnings series have been revised back to
1983.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly ea rnings

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

41.4
41.7
41.9

41.7
42.4
40.3

41.4
41.8
40.8

$8.74
8.88
10.17

$8.92
9.14
10.48

Alaska ...

33.5

40.3

39.7

13.92

Arizona ...

40.8

41.1

40.5

9.81

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff ..

40.9
39.8
41.0
41.7
43.6

42.0
43.6
41.2
41.9
43.9

41.5
43.8
40.0
40.7
42.0

California ..

40.0

41.1

Colorado ..
Denver..

39.3
37.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford ....
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

$8.99
9.21
10.44

$361.84
370.30
426.12

$371.96
387.54
422.34

$372.19
384.98
425.95

13.45

11.99

466.32

542.03

476.00

9.93

9.89

400.25

408.12

400.55

7.82
6.99
8.34
8.59
11.03

8.00
7.36
8.62
8.58
10.39

8.06
7.28
8.63
8.77
10.73

319.84
278.20
341.94
358.20
480.91

336.00
320.90
355.14
359.50
456.12

334.49
318.86
345.20
356.94
450.66

O

10.63

10.98

O

425.20

451.28

(1)

40.7
40.6

39.9
39.0

10.01
10.91

10.16
10.48

10.18
10.30

393.39
403.67

413.51
425.49

406.18
401.70

42.3
41.7
42.7
43.0
41.3
39.8
44.2

42.7
42.4
43.3
44.7
40.9
41.4
44.0

43.8
42.5
43.0

10.68
11.15
10.94
10.87
10.27
11.65
9.09

10.85
11.25
10.94
$10.17
11.91
9.20

435.27
443.27
452.19
459.24
413.00
447.35
388.08

456.04
472.76
473.70
485.89
420.04
482.31
399.96

475.23
478.13
470.42

39.9
39.7
44.0

10.29
10.63
10.59
10.68
10.00
11.24
8.78

$405.78
472.83
404.80

Delaware
Wilmington ..

42.8
44.0

40.1
40.9

41.2
41.0

11.31
13.54

10.60
12.94

10.31
12.85

484.07
595.76

425.06
529.25

424.77
526.85

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

38.8

40.0

39.3

10.53

10.95

10.93

408.56

438.00

429.55

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven ...........
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
. . . .
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

41.0
42.4
41.7
40.7
39.0
41.3
43.2
40.7
41.7

42.0
44.3
42.4
41.9
40.5
40.9
44.4
41.6
44.3

41.0
41.9
41.6

8.28
8.25
9.06
8.37
7.02
8.79
11.09
7.90
9.25

8.27
8.33
9.19
$7.13
8.94
10.84
7.82
9.30

333.74
335.81
374.05
320.31
273.39
346.92
456.62
304.84
381.97

347.76
365.48
384.14
350.70
284.31
359.51
492.40
328.64
409.78

339.07
349.03
382.30

39.9
40.4
41.9
40.4
43.1

8.14
7.92
8.97
7.87
7.01
8.40
10.57
7.49
9.16

$284.49
361.18
454.20
315.93
400.83

41.6
40.7
44.4

42.4
43.1
47.2

41.1
41.5
44.2

8.40
10.00
10.65

8.64
10.23
11.05

8.62
10.05
11.04

349.44
407.00
472.86

366.34
440.91
521.56

354.28
417.08
487.97

Hawaii
Honolulu ..

37 7
37.8

39 8
39.3

40.0
38.9

9.24
9.59

9.33
9.50

9.61
9.75

348 35
362.50

371.33
373.35

384.40
379.28

Idaho

38 5

39 1

38.9

9.76

9.62

9.90

375.76

376.14

385.11

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
.
.
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

41.3
42.2
40.0
39.2
41.9
39.9
41 1
40.7
41 4
40.0
41.5
44 0
41.2

42.4
42.4
40.9
42.1
43.6
40.0
42 3
41.4
39 1
42.2
43.4
42 7
42.2

42.0
41.8
41.2
43.4
43.0
40.0
42 9
41.6

10.76
10.20
10.72
9.65
10.58
12.06
13 95
11.65
10.13
10.86
12.84
11.38
11.56

10.95
10.59
10.74
9.28
10.68
12.91
14 06
11.78
9.59
11.43
13.31
11.53
11.79

11.04
10.56
10.90
9.37
10.66
12.84
14 14
11.82

444.39
430.44
428.80
378.28
443.30
481.19
573 35
474.16
419.38
434.40
532.86
500 72
476.27

464.28
449.02
439.27
390.69
465.65
516.40
594.74
487.69
374.97
482.35
577.65
492.33
497.54

463.68
441.41
449.08
406.66
458.38
513.60
606 61
491.71

Jan.
1987

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

Georgia ..
Atlanta
Savannah .....

See footnotes at end of table.

104




...

.

.

...

.

.

..

...

.

.

41.9
45.4
42 5
42.1

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

$11.25
13.47
11 97
11.48

$471.38
611.54
508.73
483.31

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

$11.30

$460.48

$485.63

$476.86

10.75
12.01
11.91
11.89
8.45

10.68
11.85
11.78
11.30
8.34

417.79
459.75
465.75
377.80
343.69

457.95
499.62
521.66
519.59
321.95

450.70
491.78
503.01
470.08
315.26

9.88
11.22
10.84

10.07
11.71
10.52

10.03
11.46
10.49

396.19
456.65
397.83

411.86
508.21
434.48

410.23
500.80
425.89

41.0
40.3
42.6

10.48
11.18

10.12
10.40
11.77

10.06
10.37
11.71

394.61
400.34
452.79

424.03
425.36
516.70

412.46
417.91
498.85

42.7
43.4
41.0
39.6

42.3
43.2
40.8
39.2

10.86
11.89
10.68
12.01

10.78
12.60
10.54
11.47

10.90
12.69
10.63
11.00

447.43
505.33
421.86
509.22

460.31
546.84
432.14
454.21

461.07
548.21
433.70
431.20

40.9
39.6
39.1

41.4
41.4
43.1

41.0
40.4
42.0

8.78
7.27
9.31

8.94
7.62
9.04

8.87
7.72
9.01

359.10
287.89
364.02

370.12
315.47
389.62

363.67
311.89
378.42

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

40.5
42.2

41.4
42.7

40.8
42.0

10.08
10.70

10.26
11.08

10.21
10.97

408.24
451.54

424.76
473.12

416.57
460.74

Massachusetts

40.6
40.6
42.6
40.1

42.0
41.7
43.1
40.9

42.0
41.6
42.7
40.7

9.51
10.40
9.00
9.55

10.01
10.85
9.46
10.24

10.80
9.37
10.23

386.11
422.24
383.40
382.96

420.42
452.45
407.73
418.82

419.16
449.28
400.10
416.36

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit .
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

42.9
46.5
43.2
43.9
43.1
40.5
42.9
43.8
43.1
41.7
43.4

43.1
45.8
45.3
44.8
40.8
41.9
42.5
43.4
34.8
41.8
43.6

42.3
45.9
44.0
43.7
41.2

13.22
14.20
14.21
14.31
16.25
11.16
9.95
12.25
13.92
12.01
15.03

13.23
14.19
14.16
14.30
16.54
11.24
(2)
$11.92
13.93
11.81
14.85

554.27
663.09
588.82
605.38
636.16
444.28
428.14
523.85
605.99
487.06
619.32

569.78
650.36
643.71
641.09
663.00
467.60
422.87
531.65
484.42
502.02
655.31

559.63
651.32
623.04
624.91
681.45
458.59
(2)

41.4
43.4

12.92
14.26
13.63
13.79
14.76
10.97
9.98
11.96
14.06
11.68
14.27

$500.64
487.55
488.93
644.49

Minnesota
Duluth .
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.8
36.9
40.7
37.9

41.6
39.4
41.5
40.8

40.3
36.1
40.5
38.3

10.32
10.63
11.05
8.98

10.42
10.89
11.09
9.81

10.46
10.76
11.08
9.72

421.06
392.25
449.74
340.34

433.47
429.07
460.24
400.25

421.54
388.44
448.74
372.28

Mississippi
Jackson

40.0
40.0

41.3
41.6

40.3
41.3

7.59
8.55

7.71
8.70

7.71
8.67

303.60
342.00

318.42
361.92

310.71
358.07

Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Joseph ...
St. Louis
Springfield ...

40.3
39.4
41.2
41.4
39.2

41.8
41.8
41.3
42.2
43.0

40.9

10.02
11.13
8.62

10.11
11.39
10.43
11.77
8.49

9.98
11.36
2
()
$11.59
8.55

403.81
438.52
398.40
475.69
337.90

422.60
476.10
430.76
496.69
365.07

408.18
468.03
(2)
$476.35
341.15

Montana ..

38.7

39.0

40.3

10.68

10.40

10.52

413.32

405.60

423.96

Nebraska .
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

41.1
41.3
40.7

41.7
41.6
42.2

41.2
40.2
42.0

9.41
9.80
10.04

9.46
10.25
10.20

9.51
10.13
10.22

386.75
404.74
408.63

394.48
426.40
430.44

391.81
407.23
429.24

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.6
40.7

40.8
40.1

39.5
38.4

9.68
11.77

9.73
12.43

9.64
12.51

393.01
479.04

396.98
498.44

380.78
480.38

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Indiana.

41.9

42.9

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines..........
Dubuque
Sioux City ..

41.0
40.4
41.4
41.2
39.1

Kansas
Topeka ..
Wichita ...

Kentucky

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

42.2

$10.99

$11.32

42.6
41.6
43.8
43.7
38.1

42.2
41.5
42.7
41.6
37.8

10.19
11.38
11.25
9.17
8.79

40.1
40.7
36.7

40.9
43.4
41.3

40.9
43.7
40.6

39.9
38.2
40.5

41.9
40.9
43.9

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

41.2
42.5
39.5
42.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Lexington-Fayette .
Louisville

Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.8
(2)
42.0
35.0

41.2
(2)
41.1
39.9

9.67
11.49

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

New Hampshire.
Nashua

41.7
42.3

42.0
42.0

41.3
40.8

New Jersey ..

41.4

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque .

38.4
38.8

41.7
42.3

41.2
41.5

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA ..=
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County ..=
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.0
39.9

40.6
39.9
41.9
43.8

39.8
39.6

42.9

41.5
(2)
39.3
37.1
36.8
42.4

40.1
41.9
40.6

O
40.4
37.6
37.3
41.5
39.3
42.8
41.8
41.8

(1)
40.2
37.5
37.0

41.0
42.6

Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

$9.01
11.09

$9.54
11.81

$9.50
11.67

$375.72
469.11

$400.68
496.02

$392.35
476.14

10.27

10.77

10.76

425.18

449.11

445.46

8.53
8.85

8.82
9.27

8.64
9.30

327.55
343.38

367.79
392.12

355.97
385.95

10.05
10.45
9.15
12.01
9.48

10.24
10.71
9.28
12.13
9.66

10.19
10.62

9.71
12.36
10.62
11.44
9.72
11.34

402.00
416.96
366.92
503.22
384.89
(1)
414.10
353.44
345.03
530.37
314.79
389.05
499.93
414.66
464.53
409.27
403.13

415.74
427.33
388.83
531.29
414.41
(1)
431.35
363.00
351.87
573.57
324.66
404.21
535.30
391.92
483.48
410.86
451.00

405.56
420.55
382.94
512.48
400.06
(2)
$421.69
350.60
347.02
567.74
308.10
401.99
525.30
388.69
480.48
396.58
453.60

O

O

10.25

10.73

9.40

9.68
9.51
13.37
8.24
9.74
12.42
10.65
11.27
9.69
10.92

9.34
12.03
9.64
(2)
$10.73
9.45
9.43
13.39
7.90

41.0
42.9

42.9
42.4

38.8

41.3

40.8
40.0

9.25
12.78
8.01
9.09
11.96
9.92
11.33
9.54
10.39

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

40.7
41.4
41.5
40.0
41.7

41.9
42.6
42.5
41.0
43.7

40.3
41.5
40.7
39.6
42.2

7.73
7.75
7.96
8.57
8.77

7.97
8.09
8.27
8.79
9.08

8.06
8.07
8.31
8.96
9.22

314.61
320.85
330.34
342.80
365.71

333.94
344.63
351.48
360.39
396.80

324.82
334.91
338.22
354.82
389.08

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead .

38.0
36.7

39.0
39.0

37.9
36.2

8.42
8.49

8.39
8.73

8.37
8.23

319.96
311.58

327.21
340.47

317.22
297.93

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.,

42.7
43.1
42.2
42.3
43.1
41.2
42.0
43.5
42.8

43.3
44.2
42.2
43.9
44.0
41.9
42.8
43.3
41.7

42.8
43.2
(2)
43.2
43.3
41.5
42.1
44.0
42.0

11.77
11.36
11.45
10.84
11.69
11.46
11.91
12.75
13.49

11.84
11.40
11.29
11.12
11.66
11.35
12.08
12.86
13.43

11.86
11.34
(2)
$11.15
11.74
11.35
12.01
13.08
13.41

502.58
489.62
483.19
458.53
503.84
472.15
500.22
554.63
577.37

512.67
503.88
476.44
488.17
513.04
475.57
517.02
556.84
560.03

507.61
489.89
(2)
$481.68
508.34
471.03
505.62
575.52
563.22

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

41.1
39.5
40.4

41.7
42.0
43.5

41.4
41.8
41.7

9.89
11.04
10.56

10.40
11.51
10.73

10.38
11.52
11.02

406.48
436.08
426.62

433.68
483.42
466.76

429.73
481.54
459.53

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ...
Portland
Salem

38.9
39.7
38.9
36.0

39.3
39.8
40.2
37.6

39.9
41.0
40.3
39.2

10.59
10.45
10.98
9.55

10.71
10.88
10.88
9.45

10.71
10.57
10.78
9.37

411.95
414.87
427.12
343.80

420.90
433.02
437.38
355.32

427.33
433.37
434.43
367.30

See footnotes at end of table.

106




42.9
39.4

41.5
43.1
36.8

39.0
41.4
42.5
36.6
42.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?
$415 54
402.33
342.14
456.71
444.79
385.12
339.89
398.97
442.70
468.02
442.02
343.66

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancasier
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York .

40 6
39.1
38.9
41.4
41.4
40.2
37.3
40.4
40.9
41.8
41.4
38.5
40.3
39.4
40.7
42.1

41 8
40.7
39.3
41.6
43.6
40.6
39.7
41.3
41.2
43.3
42.1
39.2
43.1
39.2
41.7
44.0

40 9
38.5
39.6
41.9
43.1
40.2
39.8
40.3
40.1
41.9
41.7
38.7
(2)
(2)
41.6
43.0

$9 85
10.33
8.91
11.11
10.19
9.27
8.38
9.72
10.67
11.03
10.01
8.63
11.31
8.21
8.60
9 25

$10 21
10.55
8.63
10.92
10.39
9.50
8.59
9.89
11.07
11.34
10.56
8.91
11.45
8.33
8.64
9 57

$10 16
10.45
8.64
10.90
10.32
9.58
8.54
9.90
11.04
11.17
10.60
8.88
(22)
()
$8.69
9 56

$399 91
403.90
346.60
459.95
421.87
372.65
312.57
392.69
436.40
461.05
414.41
332.26
455.79
323.47
350.02
389 43

$426 78
429.39
339.16
454.27
453.00
385.70
341.02
408.46
456.08
491.02
444.58
349.27
493.50
326.54
360.29
421 08

$361.50
411 08

Rhode Island
.
Pawtucket-woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.2
41 1
39.7

40.2
40 9
39.8

40 1
40 6
39 6

8 10
7 54
8 10

8 38
7 91
8 37

8 40
7 92
8 39

325 62
309 89
321 57

336 88
323 52
333 13

336 84
321 55
332 24

41 8
43.1
41.6
41.8

42 3
42.7
41.8
42.0

41 3
40.9
41.2
40.7

8 04
9 33
7.84
7 93

8 20
9 08
8.08
8 12

8 23
8 95
8.14
8 18

336 07
402 12
326.14
331 47

346
387
337
341

339
366
335
332

42.2
45.7

42.5
43.6

40.9
42 8

8.04
8 30

8.16
8 02

8.04
7 91

339.29
379 31

346 80
349 67

328 84
338 55

41.5
43 6
44.6
40.9
43 9
42.7

43.0
43 7
44.5
43.2
43 1
43.2

42.4
41 7
43.3
42.3
42 2
42.0

8.74
7 82
9 18
9.01
8 78
9 92

8.90
7 85
9 33
8.99
9 26
10 66

8.92
7 91
9 39
9.07
9 27
10.42

362.71
340 95
409 43
368.51
385 44
423 58

382
343
415
388
399
460

70
05
19
37
11
51

378 21
329 85
406 59
383 66
391 19
437 64

41 4
41.8
40.9
43 8
40.8

42 8
42.3
42.4
44 5
40.1

41 6
41.1
41.0
43 7
39.1

9 79
9.58
9.58
11 20
7.90

9 99
9.93
10.39
11 42
7.59

9 95
9.73
10.35
11 11
7.55

405 31
400.44
391.82
490 56
322.32

427 57
420 04
440.54
508 19
304.36

413 92
399 90
424.35
485 51
295 21

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

38 2
40 3

40 7
40 9

39 3
40 2

10 12
9 81

10 04
9.99

9 94
10.07

386 58
395.34

408 63
408 59

390 64
404 81

Vermont
Burlington

40 7
42 0

42 1
41 3

40 6
40.6

9 01
9.98

9 23
9.71

9.20
9.68

366 71
419.16

388 58
401.02

373 52
393.01

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40 5
42.3
41 5
40.8
41.3
39 8
41 0
40.9

41 8
43.4
43 4
43 1
42.8
39 9
42 4
43.0

40 9
43.9
40 7
41.3
41.4
38 5
41 8
40.6

9 05
7.50
7 36
8 31
8.57
9 48
11 35
8.76

931
8.04
7 46
8.55
8.67
10 23
12 10
9.11

9.33
8.03
7 43
8.61
8.51
10.07
12 07
9.15

366.53
317.25
305 44
339.05
353.94
377 30
465 35
358.28

389 16
348.94
323 76
368 51
371.08
408 18
513 04
391.73

381 60
352.52
302 40
355 59
352.31
387 70
504 53
371.49

.

...

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

.

..

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City—Kingsport—Bristol
Knoxville
. .
,
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Dallas
.
Ft. W o r t h - A r l i n g t o n
Houston
S a n Antonio

. . . .

.

.

.

86
72
74
04

/2\
/2\

90
06
37
93

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Washington

39.7

39.9

West Virginia
Charleston
.,
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

39.6
41.7
39.3
40.2
40.0

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau ..
Wyoming

,

$466.43

$475.97

411.84
546.27
453.92
490.84
439.60

443.39
571.56
515.34
503.76
505.62

431.90
562.42
497.17
496.72
490.18

10.72
11.17
11.02
11.50
12.08
12.57
8.95
10.20
11.71
11.29
9.71
10.01

10.72
11.12
10.94
11.39
12.37
12.70
8.98
10.26
11.65
11.17
(2)
$10.22

436.95
453.48
425.08
471.23
470.34
481.69
358.70
399.15
489.76
458.34
401.72
419.34

453.46
491.48
456.23
488.75
484.41
510.34
365.16
416.16
498.85
491.12
414.62
441.44

447.02
480.38
467.14
485.21
502.22
523.24
351.12
419.63
488.14
466.91
(2)
$426.17

8.98

8.65

385.53

343.93

328.70

5.44

5.45

212.86

211.62

209.83

9.75

9.88

390.86

406.57

378.40

10.40
13.10
11.55
12.21
10.99

10.71
13.20
12.27
11.77
12.01

41.3
42.5
40.6
41.3
39.0
41.1
39.9
40.4
41.4
42.4
41.5
42.4

42.3
44.0
41.4
42.5
40.1
40.6
40.8
40.8
42.6
43.5
42.7
44.1

41.7
43.2
42.7
42.6
40.6
41.2
39.1
40.9
41.9
41.8
(2)

10.58
10.67
10.47
11.41
12.06
11.72
8.99
9.88
11.83
10.81
9.68

41.7

9.89

39.1

38.3
38.0

9.86

38.5

5.43

41.7
38.3

Not available.
Publication of data has been suspended because of budget cuts.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this




$467.27

10.56
13.11
11.98
11.66
11.84

$11.69

40.9
42.9
41.5
42.6
41.4

38.9

108

$11.84

$11.77

41.4
43.3
42.0
42.8
42.1

41.1

1

Jan.
1988P

40.2

39.2

p

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988P

Puerto Rico

9.51

Average weekly earnings
Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Virgin Islands

2

Average hourly earnings
Jan.
1987

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987
benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December
1986 benchmarks.

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Feb. 1987
to
Feb. 1988P

Dec. 1987
to
Jan. 1988r

Jan. 1988
to
Feb. 1988P

194,705

3.1

0.1

1.0

158,534

160,047

3.3

1,670
10,136
41,238
24,496
16,742
11,148
11,623
27,593
12,506
41,960

1,634
9,740
41,324
24,543
16,781
11,234
11,685
28,072
12,607
42,238

1,637
10,079
41,271
24,516
16,755
11,231
11,754
28,548
12,710
42,817

3.4
.9
2.0
1.8
2.5
3.4
2.6
3.0
3.4
5.5

-2.1
-3.9
.2
.2
.2
.8
.5
1.7
.8
.7

.2
3.5
-.1
-.1
-.2
.0
.6
1.7
.8
1.4

34,757

34,318

34,658

2.0

-1.3

1.0

Dec.
1987r

Jan.
1988r

Feb.
1988P

192,631

192,852

157,874

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

1.0

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1,
chapter 13, Productivity Measures: Business Economy and Major Sectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index

Annual average
Item

1986

1985

1987r

1986

1987
IV

IV

II

III

ivr

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

109.5
128.0
116.9
182.8
101.1
166.9
163.8
165.8

110.6
132.3
119.7
188.2
100.4
170.2
169.7
170.0

107.2
123.3
115.0
174.6
98.6
162.8
160.4
162.0

108.2
124.7
115.2
177.0
99.5
163.6
161.8
163.0

107.9
125.3
116.1
179.3
99.7
166.1
160.2
164.0

109.5
127.3
116.3
180.7
100.1
165.0
163.1
164.3

109.7
127.5
116.3
182.2
101.3
166.2
163.9
165.4

109.6
128.1
116.9
183.6
101.5
167.5
165.7
166.9

109.6
129.0
117.8
185.2
101.7
169.0
162.4
166.7

109.7
130.2
118.7
185.8
100.7
169.4
166.0
168.2

110.1
131.1
119.1
187.3
100.3
170.2
168.6
169.6

111.3
133.1
119.6
189.1
100.3
169.8
172.2
170.7

111.3
134.9
121.2
190.5
100.2
171.2
171.9
171.5

107.5
127.5
118.6
182.0
100.6
169.3
165.2
167.8

108.5
131.9
121.6
187.1
99.8
172.5
170.7
171.9

105.7
123.1
116.4
174.1
98.4
164.7
161.5
163.6

106.4
124.3
116.9
176.2
99.0
165.7
163.4
164.9

105.9
124.9
117.9
178.3
99.2
168.3
160.8
165.7

107.7
126.9
117.9
180.0
99.8
167.2
164.7
166.4

107.7
127.1
118.0
181.3
100.8
168.4
165.2
167.3

107.5
127.6
118.7
182.6
100.9
169.8
167.0
168.8

107.5
128.5
119.6
184.4
101.2
171.5
163.9
168.8

107.6
129.7
120.6
184.9
100.2
171.8
167.4
170.3

108.0
130.7
121.1
186.3
99.7
172.5
169.2
171.4

109.1
132.7
121.7
187.9
99.7
172.2
173.0
172.5

109.2
134.6
123.2
189.5
99.6
173.5
172.9
173.3

128.8
125.9
97.8
182.7
101.0
141.8

133.0
131.3
98.7
185.1
98.7
139.1

124.1
122.2
99.5
142.0

125.3
123.2
98.3
178.0
100.0
142.1

126.1
124.1
98.4
180.2
100.3
142.9

127.6
125.2
98.1
181.0
100.3
141.9

128.4
125.3
97.5
182.1
101.3
141.8

129.3
126.0
97.5
183.1
101.2
141.7

129.8
127.1
97.9
184.3
101.2
142.0

130.8
128.4
98.1
183.9
99.6
140.5

132.9
129.9
97.7
184.8
98.9
139.0

134.1
132.3
98.7
185.4
98.3
138.2

134.2
134.6
100.3
186.3
98.0
138.9

136.8
134.1
98.0
181.4
100.3
132.6

142.1
139.6
98.2
183.3
97.8
129.0

129.6
129.3
99.8
174.4
98.5
134.6

131.6
130.8
99.4
176.6
99.2
134.2

133.1
132.2
99.4
179.4
99.8
134.8

135.3
133.6
98.8
179.9
99.7
133.0

136.0
133.2
98.0
180.8
100.5
132.9

137.5
134.1
97.5
181.6
100.4
132.1

138.4
135.3
97.8
183.1
100.5
132.3

139.9
136.9
97.8
182.2
98.7
130.2

141.7
137.8
97.2
182.9
98.0
129.1

143.0
140.1
98.0
183.4
97.3
128.3

143.7
143.5
99.9
184.4
97.0
128.4

116.8
113.7
97.4
184.8
102.2
158.3

119.7
118.9
99.4
188.4
100.5
157.5

115.4
111.5
96.6
178.6
100.9
154.7

115.6
111.8
96.8
180.0
101.1
155.7

115.4
112.1
97.1
181.2
100.8
157.0

116.0
112.7
97.2
182.7
101.2
157.5

117.0
113.4
96.9
184.3
102.5
157.5

117.0
113.9
97.3
185.8
102.7
158.8

117.1
114.9
98.1
186.5
102.4
159.3

117.4
115.8
98.6
186.9
101.3
159.1

119.9
118.1
98.5
188.2
100.8
156.9

121.1
120.6
99.6
189.0
100.3
156.1

120.1
121.2
100.9
189.8
99.8
158.0

109.9
129.4
117.7
178.9
98.9
167.7
162.8
182.2
129.3
163.1

110.3
132.9
120.5
182.7
97.5
170.8
165.6
186.3
137.7
166.8

107.7
125.4
116.4
171.8
97.0
164.3
159.5
178.7
132.2
160.5

109.2
127.4
116.6
173.8
97.6
163.7
159.1
177.5
142.5
161.2

108.9
127.7
117.3
175.7
97.8
166.0
161.4
179.4
128.7
161.5

109.8
129.1
117.6
177.2
98.2
166.3
161.5
180.7
129.7
161.9

109.7
128.8
117.4
178.4
99.2
167.2
162.6
180.6
129.5
162.7

109.9
129.3
117.6
179.5
99.2
168.5
163.2
184.2
130.6
164.0

110.5
130.4
118.0
181.0
99.4
168.7
163.8
183.2
127.7
163.8

109.7
130.9
119.3
180.8
98.0
169.7
164.8
184.1
132.2
165.2

109.9
131.6
119.8
182.0
97.5
170.9
165.6
186.6
132.9
166.3

110.8
133.7
120.6
183.3
97.2
171.0
165.5
187.3
142.1
167.5

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs

98.5
176.1

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations2
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1

Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

Measures of real hourly compensation incorporate the new seasonal
adjustment factors and re-indexed values of the Consumer Price Index for
All Urban Consumers
2
The 1987 annual averages for the nonfinancial corporate sector are

110




preliminary.
3
Not available.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

1986

IV
1986

1987

1987

1987

IV
1987r

1986

IV
1986

I
1987

II
1987

III
1987

IV
1987r

-0.3
1.8
2.1
3.0
.6
3.3
4.5
3.7

-0.1
3.0
3.1
3.6
.8
3.7
-7.7
-.5

0.5
3.5
3.0
1.4
-3.8
.9
9.0
3.7

1.4
3.0
1.6
3.3
-1.5
1.8
6.4
3.4

4.7
6.3
1.5
3.8
.0
-.9
8.8
2.5

-0.2
5.4
5.6
3.1
-.5
3.3
-.5
1.9

1.3
2.7
1.5
3.7
2.0
2.4
2.4
2.4

1.5
2.9
1.4
3.3
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.7

0.2
2.3
2.1
2.8
.6
2.7
1.8
2.3

0.4
2.8
2.5
2.8
-1.0
2.4
2.8
2.6

1.6
3.9
2.3
3.0
-1.1
1.4
3.9
2.3

1.6
4.6
2.9
2.9
-1.5
1.3
5.8
2.9

-.6
1.7
2.3
2.8
.5
3.5
4.2
3.7

.0
2.9
2.9
4.0
1.3
4.0
-7.2
.0

.4
3.8
3.4
1.1
-4.1
.8
8.8
3.4

1.4
3.2
1.7
3.0
-1.8
1.5
4.6
2.6

4.2
6.3
2.0
3.6
-.3
-.6
9.3
2.7

.3
5.6
5.3
3.4
-.2
3.1
-.4
1.9

1.1
2.6
1.6
3.6
1.9
2.5
2.2
2.4

1.5
2.9
1.4
3.4
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.9

-.1
2.2
2.3
2.7
.4
2.8
1.6
2.4

.3
2.9
2.6
2.7
-1.1
2.4
2.4
2.4

1.5
4.0
2.5
2.9
-1.2
1.4
3.6
2.2

1.6
4.7
3.1
2.8
-1.6
1.2
5.5
2.6

2.7
2.3
-.4
2.2
-.1
-.5

1.7
3.7
2.0
2.7
-.1
.9

3.2
4.0
.8
-1.0
-6.1
-4.1

6.4
4.7
-1.6
2.0
-2.7
-4.2

3.7
7.6
3.8
1.3
-2.4
-2.3

.2
7.0
6.8
2.1
-1.5
1.8

3.2
2.3
-.9
2.9
1.2
-.3

2.9
2.4
-.5
2.3
1.0

2.5
2.5
.0
1.6
-.7
-1.0

3.5
3.7
.2
1.5
-2.3
-2.0

3.7
5.0
1.2
1.2
-2.9
-2.4

3.4
5.8
2.4
1.1
-3.2
-2.2

4.4
2.7
-1.7
1.7
-.6
-2.6

2.6
3.8
1.1
3.4
.7
.8

4.5
4.5
.0
-1.9
-6.9
-6.1

5.3
2.8
-2.4
1.6
-3.1
-3.5

3.6
7.0
3.3
1.1
-2.6
-2.4

2.0
9.9
7.7
2.2
-1.4
.1

4.5
2.5
-1.9
2.8
1.1
-1.6

4.0
2.4
-1.5
2.1
.7
-1.8

3.4
2.4
-.9
1.3
-1.0
-2.1

4.2
3.4
-.7
1.2
-2.5
-2.9

4.0
4.5
.5
1.0
-3.0
-2.8

3.8
6.0
2.1
.7
-3.5
-3.0

.1
1.7
1.6
3.4
1.0
3.3

.4
3.6
3.3
1.5
-1.1
1.2

1.1
3.1
1.9
.7
-4.5
-.5

8.7
8.2
-.5
2.8
-1.9
-5.4

3.9
8.8
4.7
1.7
-2.0
-2.1

-3.1
2.1
5.4
1.7
-1.9
4.9

1.3
1.8
.6
3.3
1.6
2.0

1.4
2.5
1.1
2.9
1.6
1.5

1.3
2.7
1.4
2.3
.0
1.0

2.5
4.1
1.6
2.1
-1.7
-.4

3.5
5.9
2.3
1.7
-2.4
-1.7

2.6
5.5
2.8
1.7
-2.6
-.8

.9
1.6
.7
2.5
.1
3.3
1.5
8.2
3.3
3.3

2.1
3.4
1.3
3.5
.7
.3
1.3
-2.3
-8.5
-.5

-2.9
1.5
4.6
-.5
-5.6
2.4
2.5
2.2
14.7
3.5

.7
2.2
1.6
2.6
-2.1
2.9
2.0
5.4
2.1
2.8

3.3
6.4
3.0
2.9
-.9
.1
-.4
1.5
30.7
2.8

.7
1.5
.8
3.3
1.6
2.9
2.6
3.8
-8.4
1.7

1.5
2.1
.6
3.0
1.7
1.6
1.5
2.1
-.8
1.4

.0
1.4
1.5
2.0
-.2
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.0

.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
-1.7
2.2
1.8
3.3
2.6
2.3

.8
3.4
2.6
2.1
-2.0
1.4
1.3
1.7
8.8
2.1

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations2
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour1
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

Measures of real hourly compensation incorporate the new seasonal
adjustment factors and re-indexed values of the Consumer Price Index for
All Urban Consumers
2
The 1987 annual averages for the nonfinancial corporate sector are




preliminary.
3
Not available.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

Ill

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

1,865.5
440.6
126.9
208.2
134.4
68.9

1,904.7
450.4
133.2
212.1
138.7
71.0

Jan.
1988p

1,873.5
441.9
130.2
208.3
135.8
69.6

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

174.8
36.2
8.2
22.0
9.6
4.9

135.5
26.6
6.1
19.5
8.1
3.8

148.7
29.0
6.8
20.4
8.4
4.3

9.4
8.2
6.4
10.6
7.1
7.1

7.1
5.9
4.6
9.2
5.8
5.4

7.9
6.6
5.2
9.8
6.2
6.2

Alaska ...

233.0

237.7

233.3

30.6

23.7

25.2

13.1

10.0

10.8

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,591.9
985.8
303.0

1,652.3
1,020.8
315.4

1,640.6
1,014.2
314.2

108.5
56.8
17.6

95.2
50.0
15.2

91.5
48.1
14.8

6.8
5.8
5.8

5.8
4.9
4.8

5.6
4.7
4.7

1,051.0
54.4
87.2
251.7
36.1

1,086.8
58.4
92.6
260.6
36.4

1,090.8
57.7
92.1
260.9
36.3

104.4
2.9
6.2
19,5
4.0

87.2
2.7
5.5
17.5
3.1

100.3
2.8
6.5
19.6
3.3

9.9
5.3
7.1
7.8
11.0

8.0
4.6
6.0
6.7
8.6

9.2
4.9
7.1
7.5
9.1

13,351.4
1,262.6
222.8
288.1
4,087.0
145.0
1,008.9
324.7
871.4
650.1
1,020.8
851.0
800.2
173.4
179.9
183.9
175.9

13,861.6
1,303.1
229.7
290.4
4,320.0
148.9
1,030.9
336.3
922.3
685.0
1,069.4
870.6
806.3
175.9
188.6
182.2
184.2

13,924.5
1,305.4
224.9
289.5
4,331.0
150.5
1,037.7
337.4
936.2
691.5
1,082.8
877.1
809.1
177.3
190.7
182.3
185.7

915.2
51.9
29.9
40.8
230.0
22.8
64.1
23.5
56.9
46.3
56.1
41.2
48.0
10.8
11.2
24.1
13.9

677.0
32.6
19.9
28.4
206.0
16.3
41.8
15.3
42.5
35.9
39.2
26.3
28.2
7.2
8.5
17.8
9.9

780.0
37.9
21.6
32.2
242.0
18.1
48.6
17.6
49.2
39.9
45.4
30.7
32.5
8.2
9.9
19.9
11.3

6.9
4.1
13.4
14.2
5.6
15.7
6.4
7.2
6.5
7.1
5.5
4.8
6.0
6.2
6.2
13.1
7.9

4.9
2.5
8.6
9.8
4.8
10.9
4.1
4.5
4.6
5.2
3.7
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.5
9.8
5.4

5.6
2.9
9.6
11.1
5.6
12.0
4.7
5.2
5.3
5.8
4.2
3.5
4.0
4.6
5.2
10.9
6.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,694.6
129.1
890.9

1,692.3
132.4
892.6

1,714.1
131.7
897.9

147.5
8.7
70.7

124.6
7.5
60.8

133.1
7.5
61.9

8.7
6.7
7.9

7.4
5.7
6.8

7.8
5.7
6.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford ..
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,733.7
227.5
422.7
266.1
116.9
102.8

1,774.4
232.5
432.7
274.0
119.9
103.4

1,721.9
226.7
423.0
266.7
115.9
100.4

68.7
11.4
14.9
9.6
3.1
5.7

55.6
8.1
13.9
8.2
2.5
3.9

63.8
10.3
14.8
9.3
2.4
5.0

4.0
5.0
3.5
3.6
2.6
5.5

3.1
3.5
3.2
3.0
2.1
3.8

3.7
4.5
3.5
3.5
2.1
4.9

321.3
282.9

340.1
296.9

329.8

13.0
12.7

8.9
8.6

14.6

4.0
4.5

2.6
2.9

4.4

District of Columbia
Washington

321.3
2,062.4

334.9
2,152.7

324.1

23.3
69.8

19.7
61.9

19.8
(2)

7.3
3.4

5.9
2.9

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola .
Sarasota ....
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,664.1
139.4
595.1
129.5
422.4
166.3
888.8
525.4
142.7
112.6
117.8
925.4
384.1

6,002.1
147.2
631.1
139.1
453.0
176.8
920.7
565.8
151.3
119.5
124.2
975.6
411.1

327.4
7.7
27.1
5.4
23.0
11.7
57.4
26.4
10.6
4.3
4.8
50.4
19.1

297.3
6.4
24.8
4.7
23.3
7.7
49.6
25.0
10.5
4.4
4.6
46.0
17.2

295.4
6.6
26.4
5.0
24.6
8.7
47.7
26.5
9.1
4.3
5.2
45.4
16.2

5.8
5.5
4.6
4.2
5.4
7.0
6.5
5.0
7.4
3.8
4.1
5.4
5.0

5.0
4.4
3.9
3.4
5.1
4.4
5.4
4.4
7.0
3.6
3.7
4.7
4.2

...

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

...

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington ..

..

See footnotes at end of table.

112




.

.

(2)

5,917.3
145.3
626.3
138.3
449.0
176.6
905.9
554.4
146.4
118.5
122.1
962.4
406.0

6.1
(2)

5.0
4.6
4.2
3.6
5.5
4.9
5.3
4.8
6.2
3.6
4.3
4.7
4.0

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Georgia
Athens ..
...
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins ..
Savannah ..

— . . . . . . . . .

Hawaii
Honolulu ..

...

Idaho
Boise City
Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ..
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline ...
Decatur ..
Joliet
Lake County ...
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield ..
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen ..
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond ...
Indianapolis ..
Lafayette ..
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka ...
Terre Haute

...

.

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
.
Des Moines ...
Dubuque
Sioux City
W a t e r l o o - C e d a r Falls ..

Kansas
Lawrence..
Topeka ...
Wichita ..

.

.

.

.

,.

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn ..
Portland

...

...

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

193.1
4.8
76.9
10.6
6.7
7.0
7.2

6.0
4.6
4.8
6.5
7.4
5.8
6.4

4.8
4.1
4.0
5.1
6.8
4.5
5.3

6.4
6.5
5.4
6.1
6.8
5.5
6.6

19.9
13.5

20.4
13.9

4.2
3.9

3.8
3.5

3.9
3.6

48.0
7.4

37.4
5.7

42.9
6.6

10.5
7.1

8.0
5.5

9.5
6.4

5,740.9
174.1
65.8
85.2
3,165.4
181.6
58.1
197.2
265.2
150.2
146.9
109.2

461.4
12.9
3.6
4.4
221.1
16.9
6.2
16.6
13.6
14.3
13.0
6.6

395.7
9.6
3.4
3.8
194.0
14.5
5.1
14.7
12.1
10.8
11.8
6.3

423.6
10.7
3.5
4.0
202.6
15.3
5.8
16.5
12.5
11.4
12.4
6.6

8.2
7.7
5.6
5.3
7.2
9.3
10.6
8.7
5.5
9.4
8.9
6.2

6.9
5.5
5.2
4.4
6.2
8.0
8.8
7.6
4.5
7.2
8.2
5.8

7.4
6.1
5.3
4.7
6.4
8.4
10.0
8.4
4.7
7.6
8.4
6.1

2,815.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2,708.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

214.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

168.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

175.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

7.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

6.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

6.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

1,448.9
94.3
226.8
45.2

112.6
6.0
12.8
3.8

69.6
3.6
7.7
2.6

7.9
6.7
6.0
8.8

4.8
3.8
3.4
5.7

12.1

6.2

7.0
5.7
5.0
8.7
7.5
8.6

6.3
4.3
5.5
6.6

5.0
4.3
5.3
4.9

5.6
4.4
5.1
5.9

(2)

10.5
6.3
(2)
11.7

8.2
4.9
(2)
9.3

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988^

2,993.8
71.2
1,410.8
177.3
98.9
126.9
108.7

3,068.8
71.9
1,448.8
179.8
101.2
128.6
111.0

3,026.2
72.8
1,432.3
175.8
98.6
126.3
109.5

180.9
3.3
67.1
11.5
7.3
7.4
7.0

146.9
3.0
57.9
9.2
6.8
5.8
5.9

495.5
369.7

524.6
392.3

523.0
389.8

20.9
14.5

455.8
103.0

464.6
105.4

453.1
103.3

5,608.0
168.9
65.0
83.6
3,073.5
181.6
58.3
191.5
249.5
152.4
146.0
106.6

5,715.8
175.6
65.6
87.1
3,150.4
180.5
58.2
194.4
266.8
150.7
144.1
108.3

2,718.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1,425.3
89.7
214.7
43.2

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988^

8.2

4.3

77.1
1.6
4.8
15.8

63.5
1.8
4.8
12.5

69.8
1.7
4.6
14.9

176.9
11.2
(2)
5.3

139.8
9.0
(2)
4.2

1,913.1
60.8
261.2
69.7
97.9
68.2
591.7
166.7

283.5
7.1
31.0
15.5
16.8
8.3
68.7
22.7

182.3
5.0
21.4
7.7
9.1
5.8
48.5
15.2

229.9
6.4
26.5
9.9
11.2
7.9
57.9
19.5

14.5
11.7
11.8
20.7
16.4
11.9
11.4
13.5

9.5
8.1
8.1
10.9
9.1
8.3
8.1
9.1

12.0
10.5
10.1
14.1
11.4
11.6
9.8
11.7

592.4
42.5
126.2

34.2
2.9
3.7

21.6
1.9
2.4

32.5
2.6
3.6

6.2
7.1
3.2

3.7
4.6
1.9

5.5
6.0
2.9

67.9

68.9

1,220.6
37.9
87.6
241.0

1,276.6
41.1
92.1
255.1

1,249.9
39.3
90.7
251.5

1,684.9
178.1
(2)
44.7

1,709.9
184.9
(2)
45.6

1,956.6
60.7
263.0
74.8
102.3
69.8
602.7
168.3

1,922.5
61.5
264.5
70.6
99.0
69.9
596.1
165.9

549.8
40.2
117.2

589.5
41.7
128.2

(2)

Jan.
1987

101.4
5.4
11.4
4.0
4.4
5.9

1,454.0
94.4
226.1
45.9
58.2
68.5

(2)

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
Louisiana
Alexandria ...
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette ..
Monroe
New Orleans ..
Shreveport

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

(2)
(2)
2

( )
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
2

( )

(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




113

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Jan.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Maryland
Baltimore ...

2,365.7
1,153.0

2,423.0
1,172.6

2,403.2
(2)

114.2
62.3

102.5
56.5

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster ..;
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,029.1
1,506.7
95.1
76.4
45.8
178.2
147.0
84.8
247.7
208.8

3,087.3
1,539.7
96.9
75.8
45.2
182.2
148.8
84.1
252.9
218.5

3,106.7
1,547.7
96.8
76.7
45.2
185.9
148.6
84.6
255.9
218.8

123.7
50.0
4.3
5.9
2.5
8.3
6.2
6.1
10.7
7.9

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,415.9
153.6
62.3
75.2
2,135.6
200.9
339.3
111.4
233.8
67.0
180.4

4,491.2
159.9
64.0
76.6
2,164.3
199.8
348.2
115.3
237.6
66.9
184.5

4,426.2
155.1
63.6
75.0
2,133.2
198.2
339.2
111.9
234.8
65.8
182.8

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,214.1
107.3
1,320.0
56.2
89.5

2,299.7
107.2
1,377.3
58.9
95.7

Mississippi
Jackson

1,148.2
195.5

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

123.8
(2)

4.8
5.4

4.2
4.8

5.2
(2)

81.8
35.4
2.7
3.3
1.4
6.5
4.0
3.3
6.5
5.5

117.7
47.7
4.1
5.4
2.1
8.9
5.8
5.6
9.6
7.6

4.1
3.3
4.5
7.7
5.4
4.7
4.2
7.2
4.3
3.8

2.6
2.3
2.8
4.4
3.2
3.5
2.7
3.9
2.6
2.5

3.8
3.1
4.2
7.0
4.7
4.8
3.9
6.6
3.8
3.5

357.8
6.2
4.7
6.2
158.2
24.6
22.5
5.7
14.3
7.3
17.1

372.3
5.9
5.3
5.7
175.9
27.8
21.2
6.1
15.3
6.2
15.5

472.1
7.6
7.1
6.7
218.7
35.1
25.6
7.3
21.3
7.6
21.4

8.1
4.0
7.6
8.2
7.4
12.2
6.6
5.1
6.1
11.0
9.5

8.3
3.7
8.3
7.5
8.1
13.9
6.1
5.3
6.5
9.3
8.4

10.7
4.9
11.2
8.9
10.3
17.7
7.6
6.6
9.1
11.6
11.7

2,223.9
105.2
1,335.1
57.2
94.8

145.0
11.7
63.7
2.7
6.8

134.8
9.5
63.0
2.5
7.3

135.6
10.1
62.5
2.3
6.6

6.6
10.9
4.8
4.7
7.7

5.9
8.9
4.6
4.2
7.6

6.1
9.6
4.7
4.1
7.0

1,148.7
200.3

1,170.7
(2)

143.3
17.0

100.1
11.6

124.3
(2)

12.5
8.7

8.7
5.8

10.6
(2)

2,559.4
825.7
1,262.9
120.4

2,611.9
846.9
1,282.1
124.5

2,531.6
826.8
1,256.5
120.6

191.3
49.5
99.9
6.9

165.2
46.6
83.4
5.9

168.7
45.9
90.9
5.8

7.5
6.0
7.9
5.7

6.3
5.5
6.5
4.7

6.7
5.5
7.2
4.8

Montana

395.2

397.1

398.2

39.4

26.4

37.7

10.0

6.7

9.5

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

795.8
(2)
(2)

816.1
(2)
(2)

782.4
118.2
314.8

46.9
(2)
(2)

40.0
(2)
(2)

40.7
4.1
16.0

5.9
(2)
(2)

4.9
(2)
(2)

5.2
3.5
5.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

535.3
312.7
133.2

569.9
332.7
140.6

565.1
329.5
139.5

38.8
21.7
9.5

36.1
21.4
8.5

40.6
22.5
10.1

7.2
6.9
7.2

6.3
6.4
6.0

7.2
6.8
7.2

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

558.7
93.7
123.2

599.3
100.8
132.8

595.0
98.9
131.0

17.5
2.8
3.9

12.6
2.3
2.1

19.5
3.0
4.0

3.1
3.0
3.2

2.1
2.2
1.6

3.3
3.1
3.1

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

3,828.3
158.7
700.9
259.2
534.8
445.0
938.4
167.4

3,954.5
164.7
723.8
269.4
555.5
464.2
958.6
172.4

3,964.5
166.2
726.4
267.7
557.8
468.6
959.2
173.3

174.5
12.2
28.5
19.1
16.8
17.6
42.6
6.5

141.7
10.5
21.8
17.6
13.1
14.0
34.3
4.7

178.4
12.8
26.5
19.3
17.8
20.4
43.2
6.2

4.6
7.7
4.1
7.4
3.1
4.0
4.5
3.9

3.6
6.4
3.0
6.5
2.4
3.0
3.6
2.7

4.5
7.7
3.6
7.2
3.2
4.4
4.5
3.6

679.6
258.8
53.5
62.8

681.5
260.4
55.4
65.0

676.0
256.7
54.3
64.9

69.1
17.9
4.0
4.0

54.6
15.8
3.6
3.5

59.7
16.3
4.0
3.9

10.2
6.9
7.4
6.4

8.0
6.1
6.5
5.4

8.8
6.3
7.4
6.1

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

114




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

427.0
18.7
5.2
28.0
1.9
49.1
193.6
170.0
6.1
3.9
22.5
22.8
8.7

6.2
5.0
5.6
7.0
6.2
3.7
6.7
7.4
4.9
3.4
5.5
7.4
7.7

4.2
3.3
3.5
4.7
3.4
2.6
4.6
5.0
3.2
2.6
3.6
5.1
4.8

5.0
4.4
4.1
6.2
4.6
3.4
5.0
5.3
4.5
3.0
4.5
7.0
6.3

136.2
3.2
21.3
16.6
11.5

165.7
4.4
23.9
20.8
14.0

5.2
5.6
4.0
3.9
3.3

4.2
3.7
3.3
3.2
2.9

5.1
5.1
3.8
4.1
3.6

24.8
3.4
4.1
1.6

16.3
2.3
3.5
1.4

22.6
3.3
3.8
1.8

7.6
7.7
4.9
4.7

5.0
5.1
4.0
3.8

7.0
7.4
4.4
5.1

5,257.9
321.5

452.0
28.1

322.0
20.0

374.6
24.7

8.7
8.8

6.1
6.2

7.1
7.7

931.0
704.2
464.0
313.2
219.1

929.0
702.0
463.0
309.1
218.7

68.7
43.2
30.8
26.8
25.9

50.3
34.5
23.6
19.8
17.4

58.5
39.7
27.6
20.3
19.7

7.5
6.3
6.7
8.8
11.7

5.4
4.9
5.1
6.3
7.9

6.3
5.7
6.0
6.6
9.0

1,563.1
30.8
49.4
507.1
349.5

1,546.5
30.2
50.2
504.0
342.5

1,496.2
29.3
48.6
485.6
331.8

134.5
2.7
2.5
33.6
32.1

92.9
1.6
2.2
24.9
23.6

108.6
1.9
2.6
29.6
26.5

8.6
8.7
5.1
6.6
9.2

6.0
5.4
4.5
4.9
6.9

7.3
6.3
5.3
6.1
8.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem ...

1,354.1
135.8
623.4
122.8

1,403.7
139.2
648.7
126.5

1,402.1
139.4
645.6
128.9

118.1
10.4
43.4
11.2

83.0
7.9
30.7
8.1

99.9
9.1
36.7
9.8

8.7
7.6
7.0
9.1

5.9
5.7
4.7
6.4

7.1
6.5
5.7
7.6

Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem ..
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh ..
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ..
Williamsport
York

5,494.0
310.6
56.4
63.1
124.0
301.3
91.7
200.6
2,324.2
931.1
166.1
339.5
54.3
203.0

5,752.4
322.7
60.4
62.1
129.4
316.1
94.8
215.1
2,439.1
958.9
174.8
353.3
60.3
213.2

5,728.1
321.0
59.5
62.3
129.1
317.5
95.2
213.5
2,414.9
959.0
174.4
353.9
61.3
215.5

359.4
18.1
4.9
6.9
10.4
14.7
9.2
7.9
108.8
72.8
9.4
28.0
3.9
10.9

293.4
16.1
4.6
5.4
8.2
11.2
7.8
7.6
91.8
57.5
7.2
22.5
3.3
8.2

356.0
18.3
5.1
6.5
9.6
15.2
9.3
9.3
110.7
70.9
8.9
26.5
4.4
11.6

6.5
5.8
8.7
10.9
8.4
4.9
10.1
4.0
4.7
7.8
5.6
8.3
7.2
5.4

5.1
5.0
7.6
8.8
6.4
3.5
8.2
3.5
3.8
6.0
4.1
6.4
5.4
3.8

6.2
5.7
8.6
10.4
7.5
4.8
9.8
4.4
4.6
7.4
5.1
7.5
7.2
5.4

508.7
165.2
331.8

525.3
168.3
343.2

520.4
167.7
339.9

22.2
8.8
13.8

18.4
6.8
11.6

20.7
8.0
13.0

4.4
5.3
4.2

3.5
4.0
3.4

4.0
4.8
3.8

1,589.3
215.7
224.7
307.7

1,651.5
224.5
231.4
316.4

1,621.9
221.6
226.3
316.6

100.3
11.1
8.9
14.9

84.0
9.7
8.3
12.0

98.1
10.6
9.4
14.5

6.3
5.2
4.0
4.9

5.1
4.3
3.6
3.8

6.1
4.8
4.1
4.6

341.9
69.2

351.1
74.0

343.6
71.3

19.1
3.2

16.8
3.9

16.0
3.7

5.6
4.7

4.8
5.2

4.7
5.2

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk ..
New York
New York City1 .
Orange County
Poughkeepsie ..
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome ...

8,485.8
413.8
127.0
444.9
39.9
1,416.5
3,935.1
3,262.0
129.5
125.8
498.2
319.4
134.8

8,525.6
424.3
127.8
450.8
41.9
1,448.3
3,894.8
3,206.0
132.4
129.3
499.3
324.3
136.3

8,523.1
424.1
127.6
448.9
42.3
1,435.8
3,897.8
3,215.0
133.7
127.3
501.3
327.0
137.5

523.0
20.8
7.2
31.0
2.5
51.8
264.1
242.0
6.3
4.3
27.5
23.6
10.4

354.6
14.1
4.4
21.3
1.4
38.2
178.9
161.0
4.3
3.3
17.8
16.5
6.6

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham ..

3,206.5
84.7
609.7
507.6
388.4

3,280.0
86.6
638.6
515.8
398.9

3,247.3
85.7
629.3
512.7
393.3

167.9
4.8
24.7
20.0
12.9

325.6
44.7
83.3
35.3

327.5
45.1
87.0
37.3

322.7
45.0
84.9
36.0

Ohio1
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
,.
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

5,199.7
319.5

5,259.1
322.6

915.8
686.3
458.4
305.5
221.7

Oklahoma ..
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City ..
Tulsa

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead ..
Grand Forks ..

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro ...
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston ...
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg ..
South Dakota
Sioux Falls

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

See footnotes at end of table.




115

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988?

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA ..
Nashville ...

2,286.6
203.2
208.8
276.2
423.8
516.9

2,370.1
209.5
222.6
283.3
455.2
522.9

2,367.5
207.0
(2)
282.4
452.3
520.4

185.6
13.5
15.5
23.7
28.9
25.3

148.1
10.4
13.8
17.6
25.0
23.9

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen ...
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall ...
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission ..
Midland
San Angelo ...
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison ...
Texarkana
Waco
Wichita Falls ..

8,127.3
54.5
97.9
425.5

8,269.2
54.2
101.3

8,161.7
53.7
99.8
423.8
157.9

798.8
5.6
7.0
29.3
23.1
9.2
15.7
3.8
22.1
94.5
26.3
51.1
12.4
173.9
7.6

161.6

431.0
160.0
81.5
96.1
58.0
159.0

1,417.9
227.3
661.6

1,460.3
234.4
679.0

108.0

107.4
1,607.3
93.7
46.2
79.0

162.0
78.8

93.8
55.0

1,587.0
90.2
45.6
79.4

80.3
97.4
54.4
159.0

1,438.9
233.1
668.8
106.3

1,579.5
93.0
45.2
78.5

109.7
150.0
50.4
44.6
595.4
48.3
57.4

152.1
50.4
46.0
614.0
50.1
59.0

90.6
56.7

94.2
57.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

747.0
97.9
496.2

759.0
99.3
505.4

758.6

98.9
504.9

Vermont
Burlington

285.5
71.5

302.3
75.5

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,912.6

Washington ..
Seattle ..
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta ..
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire . . . . .
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
...
La Crosse ...
Madison
Milwaukee

Racine ....
Wausau...
Wyoming

114.3




110.9
154.6

Jan.
1987

8.6
10.1
7.5

32.1
5.8
3.3

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988p

164.2
12.6
(2)
19.6
26.0
25.3

8.1
6.6
7.4
8.6
6.8
4.9

6.2
5.0
6.2
6.2
5.5
4.6

6.9
6.1
(2)
6.9
5.7
4.9

561.4
3.4
5.1
23.7
15.6
6.2

682.5
4.0
6.7
29.6

9.8
10.3
7.2
6.9
14.3

8.4
7.5
6.7
7.0

12.2
2.4
14.6
74.8
22.0
37.8
9.4

16.5

6.8
6.3
5.0
5.5
9.8
7.7
12.7
4.1
9.2
5.1
9.4
5.6
8.8
6.7
6.6
13.7
8.4
5.1

107.9
6.2
6.3
6.7
5.8
25.0
3.1
2.4
41.4
3.3
4.3

Jan.
1988?

19.0
7.7
2.9
17.7

92.3
26.4
46.9
11.7
127.1
7.6
6.4

8.1
6.7
30.3
3.7

11.6

16.7
7.0
13.6
6.7
11.6
7.7
11.4
11.0
8.4
19.0

12.7
6.9

21.4

12.1
9.6
17.0
5.4
11.1
6.4
11.3
7.0
11.0
8.0
8.2
14.0
10.3
6.0

19.6
7.6
6.3
8.3
7.6
8.5
9.0
7.6

6.8
3.6

4.9
8.3
4.3

9.4
8.7
9.4

16.5
6.1
5.3
6.7
6.6
7.3
7.2
6.3

54.7
8.7
31.2

44.5
5.4
28.4

51.0
6.3
31.8

7.3
8.9
6.3

5.9
5.4
5.6

6.7
6.4
6.3

302.1
75.1

14.1
2.6

11.1
1.8

12.4
2.0

4.9
3.6

3.7
2.4

4.1
2.7

2,997.1

139.7
2.2
3.8
3.6

119.9
1.7
3.5
3.7
27.3

117.4

3,035.1
68.3
51.3
72.7
601.9
440.5
120.2

4.8
3.5
7.6
5.1
5.0
4.0
4.6

4.0
2.5
6.8
5.1
4.5
3.7
4.2

2,186.7
977.4

2,286.0
1,029.9

2,263.6
1,023.5

8.9
6.5

7.9
6.0

749.3

751.9

115.9
128.2
71.6
71.9

116.8

13.8
10.6
12.7
12.1
11.7

10.0
8.1
9.5
7.3
8.4

2,418.2
159.1
68.5
102.4

2,530.5
167.0

63.1
50.0
71.0
580.0

421.4

49.0
44.3

609.5
49.2
58.1
92.7
56.9

71.9

2.8
50.8
3.8

11.5
7.5
8.6
8.8

16.9
5.4

16.1

194.2
63.8

181.1
62.3

103.3
12.3
16.3
8.6
8.4

74.9
9.5
12.2
5.2
6.0

2,447.3
161.5
68.8
104.0
70.4
55.3
53.4

195.0
12.7
5.7
8.0
6.2
5.1
3.4

151.1
9.2
4.6
6.3
4.8
3.4
2.7
7.9
38.5
5.4
3.8

170.8
10.5
5.1
7.3
5.2
3.8
3.2
9.7
41.0
5.9
4.9

8.1
8.0
8.3
7.8
8.9
9.8
6.6
4.9
6.4
8.5
9.9

6.0
5.5
6.4
5.9
6.6
6.1
4.9
3.6
5.1
6.2
6.3

7.0
6.5
7.5
7.0
7.4
6.9
5.9
4.6
5.6
6.9
8.4

17.4

20.2

12.3

7.6

8.9

71.8
72.0

107.6
72.6
57.0
56.0

51.4
4.3
5.4
7.9
5.3

29.3

128.5

69.9
52.6
51.8
207.6
725.3
86.0
57.2

218.9
752.4
87.9
59.8

211.2
730.0
85.4
58.4

10.1
46.5
7.3
5.7

238.4.

228.2

227.1

29.3

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1987 have been

116

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

5.1
184.5
61.3

8.2
6.0

benchmarked to 1987 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States and 2 areas designated- by footnote 1, estimates for 1988 are
provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
publication.

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of about 59,500 households, representing 729
areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of 290,000 establishments
employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and salary
workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time,
who received pay during the payroll period which includes
the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

118




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the emthey were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
States are also included in the employed total.
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Cur- worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
rent Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are inrepairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
terviewed to obtain information about the employment stareligious, charitable, and similar organizations.
tus of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenUnemployed persons are all civilians who had no employdar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
ment during the survey week, were available for work, exof the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
cept for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years of age
they
had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
job
within
30 days need not be looking for work to be clasare excluded from the population and labor force statistics
sified
as
unemployed.
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
(through the current survey week) during which persons clasforce," and "total employment." are obtained from the
sified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
Department of Defense.
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
Each month about 59,500 occupied units are eligible for
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
interview. About 2,500 of these households are visited but
more during which a person was employed or ceased lookinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
ing for work is considered to break the continuity of the
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reapresent period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
sons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 59,500 occupied
weeks of unemployment.
units, there are 11,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be comgroups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment endmon with the same month a year earlier.
ed involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are perThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
sons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
as follows:
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the surof these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
vey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemown business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
ployment rate for all civilian workers.
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
119




specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry\ and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

121

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in ' 'Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through'December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was
selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970
census information. The selection of new sample areas
provided an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design. Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account for only 10 percent of the national estimate.
The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for
State estimates with a slightly reduced sample size. The reliability of national estimates is unaffected. Sample households
are chosen from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973
geographic areas in the United States. This current number
of sample areas is not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas since many of the sample areas have been
redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for an overview of these new definitions
and the introduction of the new sample.)
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to present.

Number of sample
areas

68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729

Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other prinqipal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




125

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys,'' by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey/' by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

244
263
131

187
200
134

148
162
89

127
141
91

189
190
82

140
144
85

83
86
57

91
97
63

82
92
65

63
70
67

49
56
43

43
50
46

67
67
43

44
48
46

33
30
30

37
34
32

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 159,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,841,000 to 12,159,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 118,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.17
.65
.11
.52
.15
.21
.12
.34
,06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.18
.77
.12
.54
.16
.23
.12
.42
.08

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

128




.21
.18
.49
.29
.24
1.07
.67

.24
.20
.55
.32
.26
1.20
.76

.38

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.35

.50
.57

.57
.64

.70
.65

.80
.73

.13
1.37
.65
.27
.34
.42

.14
1.56
.74
.30
.38
.48

.41
.26
.20
.18
1.22

.46
.29
.22
.19
1.40

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 3.6 percent of
a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed in
agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 3.6 percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table H (0.09
percent). The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The
generalized standard error on the estimated 3.6 percent is
then approximately 0.09 x 1.26 = 0.1 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.9 percent, based
on a total of 95,676,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 ..
100 .
500 ..
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000
100,000.
140,000.

14
19
43
61
85
120
146
-

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
15
33
47
66
93
113
129
143
172
195

11
16
35
49
67
88
99
-

11
15
34
48
68
95
116
133
147
177
201
236
261
278
288
293
293
275
231

11
15
34
47
64
84
94
97
94
49
49

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
Total or
white men Black men
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
only, or
only, or
19 years
19 years
women only women only
11
15
33
46
63
80
86
83
70
70

11
15
29
33
33
_

10
14
32
45
63
87
106
120
133
157
174
195
202
196
176
137
137

10
14
31
42
55
65
58
24
24

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

129

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50 ..
100.
500 . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
140,000 .
1
2

12
16
37
51
72
99
118
132
143
160
165
-

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2

Black

13
18
40
54
70
78
60

12
17
38
52
69
85
87

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 6.1 percent,
based on a total of 94,254,000 in the civilian labor force for
the month. First, the standard error on the average of the
two estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of 94,965,000, is obtained from table F (0.12 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.12 x 1.40 = 0.17 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

-\

2

/stand-\

/stand -^

Black, 16 to
19 years

Total or white

Black

8
11
25
36
50
70
86
98
109
131
149
175
194
207
215
219
219
208
179

8
11
25
35
47
62
70
73
71
42
42

13
18
35
38
-

130




13
18
40
55
74
93
97
90
90
90

13
18
34
36
36
-

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure ofthe corre-

Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)

-2(.30) (216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000 .
140,000

2.09
1.48
.66
.47
.33
.23
.19
.15
.10
.06
.05
.04

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2.94
2.08
.93
.66
.46
.33
.27
.21
.15
.08
.07
.06

4.57
3.23
1.45
1.02
.72
.51
.42
.32
.23
.13
.10
.09

6.28
4.44
1.99
1.40
.99
.70
.57
.44
.31
.18
.14
.12

7.46
5.28
2.36
1.67
1.18
.83
.68
.53
.37
.21
.17
.14

8.34
5.90
2.64
1.87
1.32
.93
.76
.59
.42
.24
.19
.16

9.01
6.37
2.85
2.01
1.42
1.01
.82
.64
.45
.26
.20
.17

9.51
6.73
3.01
2.13
1.50
1.06
.87
.67
.47
.27
.21
.18

9.87
6.98
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.22
.19

10.21
7.22
3.27
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.29
.22
.20

30

35

50

50

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000 .
140,000

2.32
1.64
.73
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.12
.07
.05
.04

2

5

10

15

20

25

3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.09
.07
.06

5.14
3.64
1.63
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.25
.14
.11
.09

7.18
5.08
2.27
1.60
1.13
.80
.65
.50
.35
.19
.14

8.69
6.14
2.74
1.94
1.37
.96
.78
.60
.42
.22
.15

9.90
7.00
3.13
2.21
1.56
1.10
.89
.68
.47
.23
.15

10.93
7.12
3.45
2.44
1.72
1.20
.98
.75
.51
.24

11.81
8.35
3.73
2.63
1.85
1.30
1.05
.80
.54

12.58
8.89
3.97
2.80
1.97
1.38
1.11
.85
.57

14.38
10.17
4.53
3.19
2.24
1.56
1.26
.94

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage ol monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000 .
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

25 or 75

30 or 70

2.14
1.51
.68
.48
.34
.24
.20
.15
.11
.08
.06
.05
.05
.04

3.01
2.13
.95
.67
.48
.34
.28
.21
.15
.11
.09
.08
.07
.05

4.69
3.32
1.48
1.05
.74
.52
.43
.33
.23
.17
.14
.12
.10
.08

6.46
4.57
2.04
1.44
1.02
.72
.59
.46
.32
.23
.19
.16
.14
.11

7.68
5.43
2.43
1.72
1.22
.86
.70
.54
.38
.27
.22
.19
.17
.13

8.61
6.09
2.72
1.92
1.36
.96
.79
.61
.43
.30
.25
.22
.19
.15

9.32
6.59
2.95
2.08
1.47
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
.16

9.86
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.35
.28
.25
.22
.17

35 or 65
10.27
7.26
3.25
2.30
1.62
1.15
.94
.73
.51
.36
.30
.26
.23
.18

50
10.76
7.61
3.40
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.19

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




131

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force.
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only.
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Characteristic
Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.

132




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Men

Total

Women

Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers
ran-iime
workers

10 .
50 .
75 ..
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 ..
1,000 .
1,500 .
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Total or full-time workers
rarc-iime
workers

Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
-

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249

Black
5
11

13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88

133

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over
the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December issue of Employment and Earnings.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134




Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office" and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is differ-

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. This series is compiled only for aircraft manufactur-




ent from standard or scheduled hours, Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on Average hours.

135

ing , Sic 3721. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to this series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the two
series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 covered by a
lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data are adjusted
to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum payment. Such
payments are generally made once a year and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the payment
across this time period, a prorated portion of the payment
is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion
is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum amount
to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.
136




Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1986 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees.

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

137

from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1986 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data
are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.

THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is

in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.

Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of
total employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19861

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1986
Industry

Total.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . .
Government .
1

Less than 0.05 percent.

138




Benchmark

Estimate

Percent
difference

98,150

98,617

-0.5

832
4,415
18,945

842
4,441
19,148

-1.2
-.6
-1.1

5,200
5,695
17,327

5,215
5,803
17,418

-.3
-1.9
-.5

6,140
22,650
16,946

6,144
22,593
17,013

-.1
.3
-.4

Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportaion and public utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services....
Government:
Federal ,
State .
Local.

Number
of establishments
in sample

Employees
Number
reported

Percent of
total

249,800 37,762,000

38

3,700
319,000
23,100
840,000
51,100 10,018,000
11,600 2,380,000
21,900
978,000
42,900 3,352,000

38
19
53
46
17
19

17,700
53,300

2,135,000
5,362,000

35
24

5,000
4,800
14,700

2,908,000
3,194,000
6,276,000

100
80
62

1
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hours information, hours
and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
National estimates of Federal employment by agency are provided to BLS
by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are
based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 62 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
hours
ment1

Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3

error2

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

. .

.3
2.7
1.2
.7
.8
.7
.4
.7
1.0
.2
.2
.4

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

• The average percent revision in employment for the 1982-86 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

V ( s t a n d a r d deviation)2

+

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

139

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted at they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

estblishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—

Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry

Monthly
level
110,800

104,900

Total private .

67,400

61,600

Goods producing .

29,300

24,100

5,300
4,200

5,100
4,100

Construction
Genera^ building contractors,

18,100
6,500

14,000
4,900

Manufacturing .

22,800

22,800

18,500
3,100
2,000
2,200
6,100

17,500
2,600
1,800
2,100
5,900

4,900
3,300
7,200
5,600
9,200
8,100
2,100
2,000

4,600
2,900
6,400
6,000
8,800
8,600
2,200
2,000

9,900
6,300
1,700
2,200

9,500
6,400
1,600
2,300

6,300
1,500
2,200

5,600
1,300
2,100

Total .
1

Mining
..
Oil and gas extraction .

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Industry

Month-to-month
change

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,400
1,300

2,300
1,300

2,100
2,300

2,000
2,200

100,500

98,400

15,700
18,200

13,800
17,400

6,600

6,200

9,000
5,800
5,300

8,000
5,100
4,500

37,500
20,700
6,400

34,600
18,700
5,800

3,200
17,600

3,000
15,200

8,400
4,500
3,000
4,800

7,400
3,800
2,300
4,100

Services
Business services.
Health services.

33,200
12,200
10,600

30,500
10,800
10,400

Government.
Federal.
State.
Local .

73,700
17,400
24,600
35,200

68,400
11,300
23,000
32,800

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate.

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1981 through December 1986.

140

Monthly
level

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are




published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and
may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The
report "Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in
11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts,
141

North Carolina, and Florida; and two areas: Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a
description of the CPS concepts, see ''Household Data,"
above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the
remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,600
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian
labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment
levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll
employment. This place-of-work estimate must be adjusted
to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for
adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been
developed for the several categories of employment on the
basis of employment relationships which existed at the time
of the 1980 decennial census. These factors are applied to
the payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added
estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (ui).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the
estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were
discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries
not covered by ui is derived by applying to the employment
estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national
historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into
the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the
experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force.
For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force
is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of

142




the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced
labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered ''youth."
3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied
at the State level to the ui-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the
ui-based estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6-month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State
UI laws, the structural limitations of the Ui-based estimating method, and errors in the UI data.
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates
of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by
the ui-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of
the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of
employment and unemployment add to the independent State
totals. In California and New York, which also have subState areas taken directly from the CPS, the additivity adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total
minus the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using ui-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS
estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for
which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the State-prepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to
the limitations of the 6-month moving averge adjustment
procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Ui-based estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark.
The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in
three stages. First the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the Ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages
for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original
series. Finally, the third-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which
CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these
seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated
by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes
in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that
seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, since they are subject not only to-sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average
method. It provides for "moving" adjustment factors to take
account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major
modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for
data from the household survey. First, the data are being
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA,
which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension
of the existing standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal
Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. The X-ll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census
and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force
series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent
data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the X-l 1
method alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather
than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts,
revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.




All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components;
the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment
by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following
year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-ll ARIMA
methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data,
which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal
Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the
multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates
are based on actual data through March 1987 and projected
data through March 1988. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used
in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June
1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these
series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally
adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted
average weekly hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings,
seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPiw), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production
143

or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private service-producing, wholesale trade,
retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used
in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for
Federal Government employment are derived from unadjust-

144




ed data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number
of these workers was substantial, and at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of
the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the
seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several
years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point
where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment.
Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March 1987. Seasonal
adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear
in the June 1987 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
HI
III

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI

GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




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