Full text of Employment and Earnings : June 1995
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
June 1995
In this issue:
Establishment data adjusted to reflect new
benchmarks and updated seasonal factors
Revised 1994 annual averages for national
establishment data
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Robert B. Reich, Secretary
June 1995
Vol. 42 No. 6
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
Calendar of Features
E&E—Employment and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840), is
prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications
and Special Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce) and State
employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these
agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered from: New
Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Phone (202) 512-2168.
Subscription price per year $31 domestic and $38.75 foreign.
Single copy $13 domestic and $16.25 foreign. Prices are
subject to change by the U.S. Government Printing Office.
Correspondence concerning subscriptions, including
address changes and missing issues, should be sent to the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. Phone (202) 512-2303.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Employment and
Earnings, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402.
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Jan.
Union affiliation
Jan.
Earnings by detailed occupation
Jan.
Employee absences
Jan.
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Jan.
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Jan.
Industry detail
Communications on material in this publication should be
addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings, Bureau
of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212. Specific
questions concerning the data in this publication should be
directed as follows: Household data, (202) 606-6373 or
6378; national establishment data, 606-6555; State and area
establishment data, 606-6559; and State and area labor force
data, 606-6392.
March, June
Women employees
March, June
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors
June
Information in this publication will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone
(202) 606-STAT; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD
message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
Bulletin1
State and area annual revisions
Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
Revised historical national data
March
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
State and area labor force data
Annual revisions
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.
March
Annual averages
May
1
The most recent publication was issued in September 1994 as
Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, 1909-94, BLS Bulletin
2445, and is available from: New Orders, U.S. Superintendent of
Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954, at $46 a copy,
GPO Stock Number 029-001-03197-1.
Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker
Editors' Note
Beginning with this issue, national estimates of employment, hours, and earnings from the monthly survey of
business establishments have been revised back to April 1993 to reflect March 1994 benchmarks (comprehensive
counts of employment). Coincident with the incorporation of new benchmarks, all seasonally adjusted series for
the most recent 5-year period have been revised based on updated seasonal adjustment factors which incorporate
the experience through March 1995. Also, seasonally adjusted employment data are now available for an additional 18 industries and hours and earnings data are being published for the goods- and service-producing sectors.
The article beginning on page 7 discusses the effects of the revisions and provides new seasonal adjustment
factors to be used to calculate establishment-based estimates for May-October 1995. Revised current data appear
in the "B" tables. Historical data for all national establishment data series will be published in a forthcoming
BLS bulletin.
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, May 1995
BLS establishment estimates revised to incorporate March 1994 benchmarks
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables
2
4
5
7
31
163
200
Statistical tables
Not
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Revised national establishment data:
1994 annual averages
Seasonally adjusted data
1
2
AH tables containing not seasonally adjusted national establishment data.
Tables B-l through B-6 and B-8 through B-ll.
Historical
Seasonally
adjusted
seasonally
adjusted
34
36
45
69
73
90
103
103
70
86
Other
features
122
141
149
151
156
156
O
(2)
Monthly Household Data
Page
Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date
34
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1984 to date
35
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
36
37
39
Characteristics of the Employed
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex
40
41
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A-ll.
A-l2.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
41
42
43
44
44
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-l 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age
by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
45
48
49
51
Characteristics of the Employed
A-17.
A-l8.
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status..
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
52
53
54
55
56
56
57
58
59
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
persons, total and full-time workers, by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
60
61
62
63
64
64
65
66
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
66
Multiple Jobholders
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
67
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
2
67
Monthly Establishment Data
Page
Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1944 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date
69
70
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry and manufacturing group
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
73
75
76
77
States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry
78
Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
86
87
88
89
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
90
102
States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
103
Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
122
142
143
144
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas ....
145
Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions
149
C-2. Labor force status by State
151
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
156
3
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Page
Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series
163
163
164
Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error
Tables 1-B through 1-H
165
165
165
168
168
169
Establishment data
Collection
Concepts
183
183
183
4
164
171
171
172
172
173
174
174
174
174
174
174
175
175
175
175
176
Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas
185
186
186
186
186
186
187
188
188
189
189
189
189
189
190
190
190
193
Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction
196
196
196
196
196
197
197
197
197
197
197
Seasonal adjustment
198
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, May 1995
The Nation's labor market showed further signs of weakness in May. The number of nonfarm payroll jobs declined
by 101,000, with large decreases in both construction and
manufacturing. The unemployment rate, at 5.7 percent in
May, was essentially unchanged, following an increase in
April.
labor force—those who wanted and were available for work,
but were no longer actively looking for jobs after having
searched sometime in the past 12 months—was 1.5 million
(not seasonally adjusted) in May. Of that number, those who
were not looking because they believed their prospects for
finding jobs were poor—discouraged workers—totaled
398,000. (See table A-34.)
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate were about unchanged in May at 7.5 million
and 5.7 percent, respectively. (See table A-3.) These measures, which fell substantially over the course of 1994, are
up slightly from their recent low points.
Jobless rates showed little or no change in May for adult
men (5.1 percent), whites (5.0 percent), blacks (9.9 percent), and teenagers (17.6 percent). In contrast, the rate declined for adult women (4.8 percent) and rose for Hispanics
(10.0 percent). (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
The number of persons working part time for economic
reasons—sometimes referred to as the partially unemployed—was virtually unchanged at 4.5 million. (See table
A-6.)
Total employment and the labor force
The number of employed persons declined by 753,000 in
May to 124.3 million, after seasonal adjustment. Wide
swings in total employment estimates have frequently occurred, however, in the spring and early summer, and therefore large monthly movements at this time of year should
be interpreted with caution. Reflecting this unusually large
change, the proportion of the working-age population with
jobs—the employment-population ratio—also dropped over
the month, to 62.7 percent. (See table A-3.) This ratio had
climbed steadily throughout the second half of 1994 and
the first quarter of 1995.
Nearly 8.0 million workers (not seasonally adjusted), or
6.4 percent of all employed persons, held two or more jobs
in May. A year earlier, 6.0 percent of the employed held
more than one job. (See table A-35.)
At 131.8 million, the civilian labor force showed a decline of 926,000 in May. The labor force participation rate
dropped half of a percentage point to 66.5 percent.
Persons not in the labor force
The number of persons with a marginal attachment to the
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 101,000 in May to
116.2 million, after seasonal adjustment. For the second
month in a row, declines occurred in both construction and
manufacturing, and job growth was slow in the services
industry. (See table B-3.)
Construction industry hiring has been below its usual pace
this spring. A decline in employment of 57,000 in May,
after seasonal adjustment, brings the 2-month decline to
76,000. The May decline, in part, reflected heavy rains and
flooding in the South.
Manufacturing's employment pattern has been quite similar. Factories lost 56,000 jobs in May, with the 2-month
drop totaling 81,000. Declines occurred in nearly all manufacturing industries. Over the past 2 months, job losses have
occurred in lumber; furniture; stone, clay, and glass; and
transportation equipment. Following nearly 2 years of gains,
the fabricated metals and industrial machinery industries
showed small declines in May. Substantial losses continued in apparel, where employment was down by 41,000
over the past year.
Job growth in the services industry during the past 2
months has been much slower than earlier in the year. Employment increased by only 60,000 in May, following an
even smaller rise in April. Employment in health services
had a relatively small gain (10,000) for the second month
in a row. Business services added 29,000 jobs, following a
decline of about the same magnitude in April. The largest
increase within business services was in computer and data
processing, whereas help supply was flat, following large
declines in March and April. Employment growth in business services has averaged 16,000 per month so far this
year, compared with 46,000 per month in 1994. Motion
pictures added 25,000 jobs in May, bringing the increase
in that industry over the past year to 170,000.
Elsewhere in the service-producing sector, wholesale
trade employment edged down by 9,000 jobs in May. Re5
tail trade employment was about unchanged over the month;
the industry has had no net job gain since the beginning of
the year, after adding 700,000 workers in 1994. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was flat after
declining in April. In government, employment in the
noneducation components of State and local government
has begun to decline, whereas job growth in the education
components has continued to rise; Federal Government
employment, excluding the Postal Service, continued its
downward trend.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell 0.3 hour in May
to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek held at 41.5 hours, after declining by half an hour in
April. Factory overtime fell for the fourth month in a row,
to 4.3 hours in May. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls dropped
by 1.1 percent over the month, to 131.2 (1982=100). The
manufacturing index was down for the third consecutive
month, declining 0.4 percent to 106.8 in May. (See table
B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers were down 2 cents in May, to
$11.38, seasonally adjusted, after rising by 6 cents in April.
Average weekly earnings declined by 1.0 percent in May
to $390.33. Over the past year, average hourly and weekly
earnings increased by 2.7 and 1.5 percent, respectively. (See
table B-ll.)
Scheduled Release Dates
Eemployment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month
Release date
Reference month
Release date
June
July 7
September
October 6
July
August 4
October
November 3
August
September 1
November
December 8
BLS Establishment Estimates Revised
to Incorporate March 1994 Benchmarks
Patricia M. Getz
With the release of data for May 1995, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced its annual revision of
national estimates of employment, hours, and earnings from
the Current Employment Statistics (CES) monthly survey
of nonfarm establishments. Each year, the CES survey realigns its sample-based estimates to reflect more currently
available universe counts of employment, a process known
as benchmarking. Comprehensive counts of employment,
or benchmarks, are derived primarily from employment data
reported on unemployment insurance (UI) tax reports that
nearly all employers are required to file with State employment security agencies.
With the incorporation of the March 1994 benchmarks,
all unadjusted data for the entire period subsequent to the
March 1993 benchmark (i.e. April 1993 forward) was revised, as well as all seasonally adjusted data for the previous 5-year period. New seasonal factors were introduced
for use in adjusting data in the future. The Bureau also has
expanded by 17 the number of industries for which preliminary all-employee estimates will be published. (See
table A.) Publishing these data extends the detail but does
not affect the totals and subtotals for industry divisions or
groups.
Summary of the Revisions
The March 1994 benchmark level for total nonfarm employment is 112,141,000; this figure is 747,000 or 0.7 percent above the previously published sample-based estimate,
making it the most significant revision since 1978, when
there was also an upward adjustment of 0.7 percent. This
revision also marks the second consecutive year of upward
benchmark adjustments after a string of downward revisions. (See table 1.) An unusually large part of the total
benchmark revision occurred in the small portion of the
nonfarm employment population not covered by the UI
universe counts. This segment of the population accounts
for only about 2.5 percent of the employment total, but
accounted for nearly one-fourth of the total benchmark revision, because of sizable increases in the source data for
many of the industry components.
Table 2 summarizes the March 1994 revisions (not seasonally adjusted) by industry. Both the goods-producing
Patricia M. Getz is Chief, Branch of National Benchmarks, Division of
Monthly Industry Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
and the service-producing sectors had upward revisions —
311,000 (1.3 percent) and 436,000 (0.5 percent) respectively.
Within the goods-producing sector, construction was revised upward by 84,000 (1.9 percent), while mining was
revised down by 4,000 (0.7 percent). Most of the revision
for the goods-producing sector occurred in manufacturing
which increased by 231,000 or 1.3 percent. Nearly onehalf, or 98,000, of the revision in manufacturing was due
to noneconomic code changes. Noneconomic code changes
are a function of an ongoing Standard Industrial Coding
(SIC) verification program for UI universe data, which often cause notable shifts in employment among the major
industry divisions that are unrelated to CES survey measurement error. (Noneconomic code changes are more fully
explained in the section on benchmark methods.) The upward revision in manufacturing was widespread across both
Text table A. Selected characteristics of 17 additional
industries, March 1994
Industry
1987
SIC
code
Benchmark
employment
(thousands)
Number of
reporting
units
Computer and office
357
Home health care
services
Child day care services ..
Residential care
Engineering and
architectural services....
Management and
public relations
355.1
387
367
531
551
602
603
534.1
2,106.2
944.6
1,481.0
315.4
1,160
7,791
4,731
5,057
1.583
616
734
7363
270.9
838.3
1,843.8
501
1,729
1,872
737
929.5
1,689
801
1,522.8
3,688
805
Electronic components
and accessories
Department stores
New and used car dealers
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Mortgage bankers
and brokers
Services to buildings
Help supply services...
Computer and data
processing services
Offices and clinics of
medical doctors
Nursing and personal
1,632.3
4,287
808
835
836
534.0
504.9
589.7
800
1,857
1,854
871
757.0
2,922
874
697.8
1,528
the durable and nondurable goods components; 19 of the
20 2-digit SIC level series were revised upward. The majority of the durable goods revision came in industrial machinery and equipment (39,000, or 2.0 percent), fabricated
metal products (19,000, or 1.4 percent), transportation
equipment (19,000, or 1.1 percent), and electrical and electronic equipment (18,000, or 1.2 percent). Within nondurable goods the most significant revisions occurred in apparel and other textile products (15,000, or 1.5 percent)
and rubber and miscellaneous plastics (18,000, or 1.9 percent).
All major divisions within the service-producing sector
required upward benchmark adjustments, with the exception of the services division, which was benchmarked down
259,000, or 0.8 percent; this negative adjustment is entirely
attributable to the effects of noneconomic code change. The
largest overall adjustment was in retail trade, up 266,000,
or 1.3 percent; contributing most to this increase were general merchandise stores (89,000, or 3.7 percent) and eating
and drinking places (118,000, or 1.7 percent). In terms of
percentage, transportation and public utilities (2.2 percent,
132,000) and finance, insurance, and real estate (2.1 percent, 144,000) were the most substantial corrections; all
major sub-components within these two divisions required
upward revisions.
New estimates have been computed for each month since
March 1994, based on the new benchmark levels. On a
seasonally adjusted basis, the revision in total nonfarm
employment tapered down to 486,000 by February 1995
reflecting the adjustment to new benchmark levels and the
recomputation of bias and seasonal adjustment factors.
Chart 1 and table 3 illustrate the extent of the revisions in
both level and change, through a comparison of seasonally
adjusted monthly data as previously published and as revised. Average monthly bias adjustment levels for the April
1994 to March 1995 period were revised from an average
of 150,000 per month to an average of 144,000 per month.
Another significant factor in the dampening of the postbenchmark adjustment effect was the recomputation of estimates for the eating and drinking places industry. They
were revised upward by 118,700 in March 1994, but required a downward adjustment of 18,400 by February 1995
on a not seasonally adjusted basis.
Unlike the employment series for other industries, which
are reprojected from the new benchmark levels using sample
links and recomputed bias factors for the entire 12 months
of the post-benchmark period, estimates for the eating and
drinking places industry are replaced with edited universe
counts for the first 6 months of the post-benchmark period
(April through September) and then reprojected using
sample links and bias factors for the second half of the
post-benchmark period only (October through February).
This differential handling may result in more variability in
the post-benchmark revisions for this industry. Employment
in eating and drinking places is estimated differently from
other series because, historically, it has been difficult to
8
estimate from an existing sample due to an abundance of
small firm births and deaths.
Why benchmarks differ from estimates
A benchmark revision is the difference between the
benchmark level for a given March and its corresponding
sample-based estimate. The overall accuracy of the establishment survey is generally gauged by the size of this difference. The benchmark revision is often regarded as a
proxy for total survey error, but this assumes the universe
data are without error. Employment counts obtained from
quarterly unemployment insurance tax forms, however, are
administrative data that reflect employer record keeping
practices and differing State laws and procedures. The
benchmark revision can be interpreted more precisely as
the difference between two independently derived employment counts, each of which is subject to error.
Like any sample survey, the establishment survey is susceptible to two sources of error: sampling error and
nonsampling error. Sampling error is present anytime a
sample is used to make inferences about a population. The
magnitude of the sampling error, or variance, relates directly to sample size and the percentage of the universe
covered by that sample. The CES monthly survey captures
slightly over one-third of the universe—exceptionally high
by usual sampling standards. This coverage implies a very
small sampling error at the level of total nonfarm employment.
Both the universe counts and the establishment survey
estimates are subject to nonsampling errors common to all
surveys—coverage, response, and processing errors. The
error structures for both the CES monthly survey and the
UI universe are complex. Still, the two programs generally
produce fairly consistent total employment figures, each
validating the other. Over the past decade, up to the current
benchmark, annual benchmark revisions at the total non-
Chart 1. Comparison of seasonally adjusted total nonfarm
employment levels as previously published and as revised,
January 1993 - February 1995
Thousands
1 1 O.UUU
As revised (March 1994 benchmark)
As previously published
.
115.000
112.000
1 no Ann — 1 1
1993
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1994
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1—1__
1995
farm level averaged 220,000 (0.2 percent), with an absolute
range from 0 to 640,000 (0.6 percent). Thus the 0.7 percent
benchmark revision for 1994 is large by historical standards
and prompted analysts to examine the reasons for it.
Overall characteristics of the revision. By definition, a discrepancy in employment trends as measured in the UI universe and establishment survey between April 1993 and
March 1994 made this year's large benchmark revision
necessary. Although a full benchmark is constructed only
for March of each year, raw universe employment counts
are available monthly, on a lagged basis, and can be compared to survey estimates for each month. The March 1993
through March 1994 period was one of strong employment
growth, with a total of nearly 3 million jobs being added to
the economy. While the CES survey recorded this trend, it
did not capture the full extent of the strength in the economy
as shown by the universe figures. Tracing the two data
sources since the March 1993 benchmark reveals that most
of the discrepancy between the survey estimates and universe figures developed over the second half of the estimation period (October 1993-March 1994), as universe job
figures began to outpace increases picked up by the CES
survey in those 6 months.
Research work. Recent improvements in the development
and accessibility of longitudinal universe microdata files
and matching capabilities between individual sample and
universe establishment records have allowed BLS to explore more fully sources for survey and universe macrolevel disparities than was possible in the past.
Four sources were identified which, potentially, could
have caused the large upward benchmark revision: Difficulty in capturing employment growth from business births,
biases in the current CES sample composition, CES and UI
micro-level response error differences, and CES microdata
intervention (e.g., outlier screening and deletion). Each of
these was explored systematically. A major part of the research effort used the 12-month BLS longitudinal database
of UI microdata to disaggregate and test for sources of
benchmark error in 9 national 2-digit SIC level series and
separately for the total private series in six large States.
The first step in the research study approximated business
birth and death contributions to the overall employment
change, and measured the extent to which these units were
present in the existing CES sample. The second step was to
separate out employment change for the continuing (non
birth-death) units and measure the performance of the current CES sample. In addition, dual simulations were run,
varying the sources for microdata between CES sample
reports and Ul-reported data to examine whether response
error was a major contributing factor. The research simulations also removed the effects of microdata interventions
that could have affected monthly published estimates by
producing estimates without outlier deletions or other
interventions.
Results from the study indicated that neither microdata
interventions nor CES-UI response error differences were
a major factor in the CES underestimation of employment
growth for the test series during the March 1994 benchmark year. These two effects also were more directly measured using information from the BLS national data processing systems to review the impact of microdata interventions onfinalpublished employment estimates and compare reported CES and UI microdata for individual sample
respondents. This review confirmed that they were not significant sources for the large upward benchmark revision
for March 1994. In contrast, the research simulations did
show evidence that difficulty capturing employment growth
from business births in some industries, and biases in the
current CES sample were more likely to be important causes
for this year's substantial benchmark revision.
Business Births. Difficulty in accurately recording employment growth resulting from business births has long been
recognized as a limitation in the CES survey because of
the lag time between firms opening for business, their capture on the universe frame, and subsequent solicitation into
the CES sample. For some of the industries studied, business births were the major source of employment growth
over the year, yet their representation was marginal in the
CES sample.
Currently the CES survey makes a model-based adjustment for the new business effect, as well as for other survey limitations, through bias adjustment factors applied
each month to the raw sample survey results. However,
this method faces the limitations incurred by all time
series models—inability to incorporate changes in historical patterns or relationships quickly and accurately. Thus,
reliance on time series models can be problematic during
periods of rapid growth or decline. (Bias adjustment is
more fully discussed in the section on benchmark methods.)
Sample bias. Because it lacks a probability design, the CES
survey is known to be at risk for potential biases in the
sample. Although its large sample size and percentage of
universe employment coverage insures that CES sampling
error is minimal, size alone does not insure against bias or
nonsampling error.
In the research simulations mentioned above, 30 random
samples of equal size to the current CES sample were drawn
for each of the test States and industries for the continuing
unit (non birth-death units) sub-population of single site
employers, and their results compared with that of the existing CES sample. The simulations were conducted for
the continuing unit sub-population to remove the confounding effects of births and deaths and to focus on the sample's
ability to measure change among existing firms separately.
This initial study was limited to single units because of
complications arising from the identification and treatment
9
of multi-establishment units in the universe database; single
units made up approximately two-thirds of the total employment in the test series.
Results from these simulations indicated possible biases
in the current CES sample of the continuing unit population. The benchmark errors produced by the 30 random
samples drawn for each test series produced distributions
with mean errors near zero, and approximately two-thirds
of the benchmark error observations within one standard
deviation, 95 percent within two standard deviations, and
99 percent within three standard deviations—in other words,
the normal distribution which is expected when samples
are unbiased. Results using the existing CES sample for
each of the test series were then compared with the 30 random samples. The CES samples produced errors that were
almost uniformly one-directional: An underestimation of
over-the-year employment change. This was recorded for
all but one of the series tested. A third of the CES samples
tested produced benchmark errors which were outside the
generally accepted two standard deviation confidence interval; only one of the CES sample series benchmark errors fell within one standard deviation.
This propensity of the CES sample errors to be one-directional suggests that errors cumulated rather than offset
as basic estimation cells were aggregated, resulting in larger
topside errors.
Much of the apparent bias in the existing CES sample
may be attributable to a lack of structured sample rotation
in the current survey design. The CES sample members
were found to be, on average, considerably older than the
UI population as a whole. At the same time, the research
work for the 1994 benchmark year indicated that younger
firms were growing at a much faster rate than older ones.
The current CES sample likely is susceptible to an age of
firm bias that contributed to difficulty in accurately reflecting employment change occurring in the universe.
The 1994 research simulation results correspond with a
parallel but more limited pilot study of this type done to
trace sources for the 1993 benchmark revision. In both
cases, the research results were similar—primary sources
for the revision appeared to be in the CES sample bias and
secondarily in business birth capture.
Effect of benchmark revisions on other series
The routine benchmarking process also results in revisions in the series on women workers and production or
nonsupervisory workers. Although there are no benchmark
employment levels for these series, they are revised by preserving ratios of employment for the particular series to all
employees prior to benchmarking, and then applying these
ratios to the revised all-employee figures. These figures
are calculated at the basic cell level and then aggregated to
produce the summary estimates.
Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are
not benchmarked; they are estimated directly from reported
10
figures at the estimating cell level. However, the broader
industry groups of the hours and earnings series require a
weighting mechanism to yield meaningful averages. The
production or nonsupervisory worker employment estimates
for the basic cells are used as weights for the hours and
earnings estimates for broader industry groupings. Adjustments of the all-employee estimates to new benchmarks
may alter the weights, which, in turn, may change the estimates for hours and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers at higher levels of aggregation.
Generally, new employment benchmarks have little impact on hours and earnings estimates for major groupings.
To influence the hours and earnings estimates of a broad
group, employment revisions have to be relatively large
and must affect industries which have substantially different hours or earnings averages than other industries in their
group. Occasionally, corrections of errors in the reported
payroll data for individual establishments may also change
the averages of selected industries. Table 4 gives detailed
information on revisions to specific hours and earnings series resulting from the March 1994 benchmark.
Methods
Benchmark adjustment procedure. Establishment survey
benchmarking is done on an annual basis to a population
derived primarily from the administrative file of employees covered by unemployment insurance. The time required
to complete the revision process—from the full collection
of the UI population data to publication of the revised industry estimates—is about 15 months. The benchmark adjustment procedure replaces the March sample-based employment estimates with Ul-based population counts for
March. The benchmark, therefore, determines the final
employment levels, while sample movements capture
month-to-month trends.
Benchmarks are established for each of the 1,703 industry-size-class basic estimation cells and are aggregated to
develop published levels. On a not seasonally adjusted basis, the sample-based estimates for the year preceding and
the year following the benchmark also are then subject to
revision.
Employment estimates for the months between the most
recent March benchmark and the previous year's benchmark are adjusted using a "wedge back" procedure. In this
process, the difference between the benchmark level and
the previously published March estimate for each estimating cell is computed. This difference, or error, is linearly
distributed across the 11 months of estimates subsequent
to the previous benchmark; eleven-twelfths of the March
difference is added to February estimates, ten-twelfths to
January estimates, and so on, ending with the previous April
estimates, which receive one-twelfth of the March difference. The wedge procedure assumes that the total estima-
tion error accumulated at a steady rate since the last benchmark.
Estimates for the months following the March benchmark are recalculated by applying previously derived overthe-month sample changes to the revised March level. New
bias adjustment factors, which incorporate the most recent
benchmark experience, also are calculated and applied during post-benchmark estimation.
Benchmark source material. The principal source of
benchmark data for private industries is the "ES-202
report," which contains employment data reported to State
employment security agencies by employers covered by
State UI laws. The ES-202 is supplemented by universe
counts for Federal employees derived from official
summaries prepared by the U.S. Office of Personnel
Management (OPM) for the executive, legislative, and
judicial branches. These summaries are complete counts
of Federal workers and are usually not subject to revision.1
The official OPM summaries do not provide industry detail
for Federal employment, such as hospitals, on a current
monthly basis. BLS estimates these from a sample of
Federal establishments.
BLS uses several other sources to establish benchmarks
for the remaining industries partially covered or exempt
from mandatory UI coverage, which account for nearly
2.5 percent of the nonfarm employment total. Data on
employees covered under Social Security laws, published
by the Bureau of the Census in County Business Patterns,
are used to augment UI data for nonoffice insurance sales
workers, child daycare workers, religious organizations,
and private schools and hospitals. Benchmarks for State
and local government hospitals and educational institutions
are based on the Annual Survey of Governments conducted
by the Bureau of the Census. Benchmark data from these
sources are available only on a 1- or 2-year lagged basis;
extrapolation to a current level is accomplished by applying the employment trends from the Ul-covered part of the
population in these industries to those not covered. Universe data for interstate railroads are obtained from the
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed for
each 3-digit SIC level, but are applied at the basic cell
level, as part of the standard monthly estimation procedures. The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a
primary source of nonsampling error in the survey—the
inability to capture, in a timely manner, employment generated by new business formations. There is a lag of several months between an establishment opening for business and its appearance on the UI universe frame. Because new firms generate a substantial amount of employ1
Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security
Agency, and those of the Department of Defense paid from nonappropriated
funds are not included in the OPM summaries of these series and are therefore not counted.
ment growth during any given year, nonsampling methods
must be used to capture this growth; otherwise substantial
underestimation of total employment levels occurs. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used in the CES
program since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983 benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean
error model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming
year.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methods were revised. Research done in the
early 1980s indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this finding, a revised method was developed. It
incorporated data on employment growth over the most recent two quarters and a regression-derived coefficient for
the significance of that change to adjust the mean error
model results. This change made the model more sensitive
to cyclical changes. BLS has used the regression-adjusted
mean error model since 1983 for the production of national
estimates.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other types of nonsampling error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is the total estimation error. Thus, the monthly
bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning
in and of themselves but represent a correction process for
a complex joint error structure of sample and universe data.
Text table B summarizes the above discussion, presents
the March benchmarks and revisions for total private employment from 1984 through 1994, and shows the average
monthly "bias added" and "bias required" adjustments. Bias
added is the average amount of bias which is added each
month over the course of an interbenchmark period. For
example, the bias added for 1994 was 115,000; this represents the average bias adjustment made each month over
the period April 1993 through March 1994. Bias required
is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for
a given year is determined. Total bias required is the difference between a March estimate derived purely from the
CES sample (a series calculated without any bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required equals the amount of monthly bias adjustment
needed to achieve a zero benchmark error. For a given year,
the difference between the total bias required and total bias
added is approximately the benchmark revision amount.
For comparison, the table also includes the March-to-March
change. As discussed above, the over-the-year change shows
some correlation with the bias added and bias required
figures.
The current bias estimation model still has limitations in
its ability to react to changing economic conditions and
changing error structure relationships between the sample-
11
Text table B. March employment benchmarks and bias
adjustments for total private industries, March 1984-94
Average monthly Over-theBenchmark
bias
year
Year
employ
Employ Revision2 Added3
Required4 ment
ment1
change5
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
76.371
79,446
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015
341
-131
-400
21
-310
-93
140
152
149
98
114
131
169
141
116
99
88
123
4,328
3,075
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835
1990
19916
1992
1993
1994
90,546
88,790
88.347
89.790
92,730
-261
-583
-130
288
688
85
61
33
83
115
63
12
22
107
171
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the
benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance administrative
records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and the
benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the course
of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year through
March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted
to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
6
Approximately 540,000 of the revision was attributable to correction
of historical over reporting errors in the UI universe counts, introduced in
the first quarter of 1991. Data from April 1981-February 1991 were subsequently revised to correct for these errors.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
based estimates and the UI universe tabulations. A principal disadvantage is the model's inability to incorporate UI
counts as they become available. The quarterly bias factors currently produced by the model are therefore subject
to intervention analysis, and adjustments can be made to
its results prior to the establishment of final factors for a
quarter. The bias factors are reviewed primarily through
detection of outliers (abnormally high or low values) and
by comparison of CES sample and bias trends with the most
recent quarterly observations of UI universe counts. The
Bureau is currently studying alternative bias models using
Kalman filter and exponential smoothing techniques, which
would allow more formal, structured incorporation of each
quarter's universe counts in the modeling process.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division levels and below
are noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into
the universe data the first quarter of each calendar year.
Each year, coding for approximately one-third of all establishments are reviewed and corrected as necessary
through the SIC refiling survey. Corrections to individual
12
establishments' SIC and ownership codes are made through
this process. The volume of these corrections is normally
quite large and can have a substantial impact on universe
employment distributions at the industry level, but effects
on total nonfarm employment are minimal. Under the current refiling procedures, each division is subject to refiling
every third year. When a division is refiled, a substantial
amount of its employment may be reclassified into other
major divisions, thus lowering its benchmark level and
potentially causing a significant downward revision in previously published employment levels. Correspondingly, the
reclassification raises benchmark levels in other industries
which receive the reclassified establishments. Noneconomic
code changes can affect the measurement of benchmark
error at all industry levels. Reclassifications have minimal
effect at the total nonfarm level because they occur only
when establishments come into or out of the scope of the
CES survey.
Effects for the 1994 benchmark. Refiling of the services
division had considerable influence on the distribution of
March 1994 benchmark revisions. The net effect of refiling
employment in the services division was to reclassify employment of 278,000 from services to other major divisions.
The manufacturing and retail trade divisions, whose population counts were augmented by 98,000 and 61,000, respectively, were the major recipients of this reclassification. Text table C shows the net effect on all major divisions from the most recent refiling. It also shows the actual
benchmark revision alongside an "adjusted benchmark revision," the amount of revision excluding the noneconomic
code change component. Absent the code changes, revisions would have been spread more evenly among the major divisions.
Seasonal adjustment procedure
BLS uses the X-ll ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated
Moving Average) seasonal adjustment procedure, developed by Statistics Canada,2 to seasonally adjust establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings data. The
ARIMA option is used to project the unadjusted data forward for 1 year prior to seasonally adjusting the series. The
use of ARIMA projections lessens the need for revisions of
historical data in future seasonal adjustments. ARIMA projections are not used in series where the projections do not
meet test requirements.3
The Bureau computes and publishes projected seasonal
adjustment factors twice a year for use in seasonally adjusting establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings data. Factors for the 6-month period May through
October 1994 are published in tables 6 through 11.
2
A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X~ll ARIMA
Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada,
Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983.
3
The affected series are identified in tables 6 through 11.
Text table C. Effect of noneconomic code changes on benchmark employment levels by Industry, March 1994
Industry
Total nonfarm
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
1
Net
employment
shift
due to code
changes1
Overall
benchmark
revision
Benchmark
revision,
less effect
of code
changes
-2
2
29
98
35
9
61
41
-278
1
747
-4
84
231
132
74
266
144
-259
79
749
-6
55
133
97
65
205
103
19
78
Percent benchmark revision
Less effect
of code
change
Total
0.7
-.7
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.2
1.3
2.1
-.8
.4
0.7
-1.0
1.2
.7
1.6
1.1
1.0
1.5
.1
.4
Shift is measured and based on the December 1993 employment levels.
A moving-holiday extension of X-ll ARIMA is used to
seasonally adjust the average weekly hours series and manufacturing overtime hours series to account for the presence
or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period and of Labor Day in the September reference
period.4 Historical seasonally adjusted series from January 1980 forward incorporate this adjustment.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. For employment, seasonal
adjustment factors are directly applied to the component
levels. Individual 2-digit SIC levels are seasonally adjusted
and higher level aggregates formed by summation of these
components. Seasonally adjusted totals for hours and earnings series are obtained by taking weighted averages of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a small number of
4
A more detailed description of this adjustment appears in Employment
and Earnings, January 1990.
series characterized by small seasonal components relative
to their trend-cycle and for irregular components. These
series are identified in tables 6 and 9. These unpublished
series are used, however, in aggregations of broad seasonally adjusted levels.
Publication of revised data
A forthcoming bulletin will contain all historical data
revised as a result of this benchmark and updated seasonal
adjustment factors,—unadjusted data for April 1993 forward and seasonally adjusted data for January 1990 forward, respectively. All-employee data, seasonally adjusted,
for the 17 new industries (text table A) will be published
from the date of inception of each series. Employment estimates are published monthly in Employment and Earnings for most of the significant nonfarm industries. Those
industries for which monthly data are not published are
either quite small or are not represented by a sufficient
sample. Table 5 contains the March 1994 benchmark figures for these industries.
Table 1. Percent differences between nonfarm employment benchmarks and estimates by industry division, March 1987-941
Industry
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services
Government
1
1987
(2)
-3.2
-1.5
-.5
(2)
.7
.9
-.5
.1
-.3
Differences are based on comparisons of final, published March
estimates and benchmark levels, as originally published.
1988
1989
-0.3
-1.7
-2.2
-.7
-.7
-1.5
-.3
-.1
.5
-.1
(2)
-3.7
-1.5
-1.0
-1.7
.8
.5
-1.1
.8
.3
2
1990
-0.2
-3.3
-.8
.3
-.3
-2.6
-.3
-1.4
.3
.2
1991
-0.6
-.6
-.2
.1
-1.0
-.2
-.3
-.4
-1.6
-.3
1992
-0.1
-.8
-2.6
-.8
-.6
.7
.9
-1.5
.2
.4
1993
1994
0.2
2.2
1.6
1.1
1.0
-2.6
-.2
1.5
.1
-.1
0.7
-.7
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.2
1.3
2.1
-.8
.4
Less than 0.05 percent.
13
Table 2. Differences between nonfarm employment benchmarks and estimates by industry, March 1994
(Numbers in thousands)
Difference
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Benchmark
Estimate
Amount
112,141
111,394
747
92,730
92,062
23,181
22,870
592
48
112
334
98
596
49
114
338
95
668
311
-4
1
-2
-4
3
4,497
1,105
4.413
1.077
635
619
2,757
2,718
84
28
16
39
18,092
17,861
231
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
,
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ....
Fabricated metal products
,
Industrial machinery and equipment
,
Computer and office equipment
,
Electronic and other electrical equipment
,
Electronic components and assessories ..
Transportation equipment
,
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
,
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10,307
10,149
728
496
513
690
239
708
491
510
678
234
1,362
1,972
1,343
1,933
158
20
5
3
12
5
19
39
12
18
8
19
13
1
9
12
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
355
343
1,548
1,530
534
526
1,741
1,722
879
492
872
384
866
491
863
372
7,785
1,631
7,712
1,619
43
670
968
687
40
669
953
680
1,531
1,062
1,519
1,055
145
937
113
144
919
114
73
12
3
1
15
7
12
7
1
18
1
88,960
88,524
436
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
5,890
3,681
5,758
3,591
239
412
244
395
1,720
1,678
167
744
17
382
162
733
18
362
2,209
1,281
2,167
1,244
928
923
132
90
-5
17
42
5
1
1
1
20
42
37
5
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,047
3,494
2,553
5,973
3,420
2,553
Service-producing industries
See footnotes at end of table.
14
74
74
I
°
Table 2. Differences between nonfarm employment benchmarks and estimates by industry, March 1994—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Difference
Industry
Benchmark
Estimate
Amount
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
19,857
786
2,433
2,106
3,240
2,070
19,591
791
2,344
2,025
3,190
2,091
266
-5
89
81
50
945
956
1,109
858
6,880
2,481
1,121
-11
-12
-2
118
6,883
3,317
2,070
1,481
315
511
271
507
860
6,762
2,432
6,739
3,249
2,038
1,479
286
488
229
256
494
231
2,238
1,558
680
1,328
2,186
1,524
661
1,304
Services1
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee
30,872
486
1,560
1,198
31,131
472
1,543
1,195
6,126
850
2,138
1,840
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
5,966
838
2,080
1,844
930
950
327
438
1,220
-21
49
144
68
32
2
29
23
15
13
-2
52
34
19
24
-259
960
14
17
3
-160
-12
-58
4
-30
1,012
371
-62
-44
449
-11
41
-34
-19
17
-25
22
-14
80
-50
-32
-10
0
10
8,907
1,179
8,941
1,523
1,542
1,632
3,762
534
920
1,615
3,787
1,916
2,148
505
590
73
2,044
2,547
757
698
40
1,836
2,198
537
600
73
2,034
2,593
767
706
40
19,411
2,878
2,074
4,655
2,000
2,655
11,878
6,798
5,079
19,332
2,878
2,074
4,643
1,985
2,658
11,811
6,782
5,029
512
934
-46
-10
-8
0
79
0
0
12
15
-3
67
16
50
1
1ncludes other industries, not shown separately.
15
Table 3. Differences in seasonally adjusted levels and over-the-month changes, total nonfarm employment,
January 1994-February 1995
(In thousands)
Over-the-month
changes
Levels
Year and date
As
previously
published
As
revised
111,711
111,919
112,298
112,699
112,951
113,334
113,624
113,914
114,186
114,348
114,882
115,113
112,301
112,576
113,087
113,363
113,638
113,943
114,171
114,510
114,762
114,935
115,427
115,624
590
657
789
664
687
609
547
596
576
587
545
511
101
208
379
401
252
383
290
290
272
162
534
231
207
275
511
276
275
305
228
339
252
173
492
197
106
67
132
-125
115,282
115,637
1994:
January
February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..
As
previously
published
115,810
116,123
528
486
169
355
186
313
17
-42
Difference
As
revised
Difference
23
-78
-62
49
-20
11
-42
-34
1995:
January
February...
Table 4. Effect of March 1994 benchmark revisions on hours and earnings estimates, selected industries
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Previous
estimate
34.4
41.2
44.0
Total private
Good-producing
Mining
Revised
estimate
Difference
Previous
estimate
Revised
estimate
Difference
34.4
0.0
11.04
11.04
$0.00
41.2
.0
12.54
12.55
.01
44.0
.0
14.84
14.84
.0
.04
Construction
38.1
38.2
14.44
14.48
Manufacturing
41.9
41.9
11.99
11.99
.0
42.8
41.0
40.3
42.8
44.5
42.5
43.9
42.3
44.5
41.7
40.1
42.8
41.0
40.3
42.9
44.5
42.5
43.9
42.3
44.5
41.8
40.1
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
.0
12.59
9.69
9.39
11.93
14.20
11.89
12.94
11.46
16.36
12.41
9.55
12.59
9.70
9.38
11.94
14.21
11.89
12.95
11.45
16.36
12.42
9.56
.0
.01
-.01
.01
.01
.0
.01
-.01
.0
.01
.01
40.7
40.6
37.8
41.7
37.4
43.6
38.5
43.3
44.6
42.4
38.2
40.7
40.6
37.9
41.7
37.4
43.6
38.5
43.3
44.6
42.4
38.4
.0
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.2
11.18
10.62
18.40
9.03
7.25
13.61
12.10
15.03
19.36
10.68
7.97
11.17
10.61
18.67
9.02
7.25
13.62
12.11
14.98
19.32
10.68
7.99
-.01
-.01
.27
-.01
.0
.01
.01
-.05
-.04
.0
.02
32.6
32.6
.0
10.53
10.52
-.01
39.5
39.5
.0
13.80
13.78
-.02
Wholesale trade
38.1
38.1
.0
11.87
11.91
.04
Retail trade
28.5
28.5
.0
7.45
7.45
.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate
35.6
35.7
.1
11.75
11.75
.0
32.3
32.3
.0
11.02
11.00
-.02
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Services
16
,
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC Code
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
100,202 103,535 106,624 108,606 107,507 107,300 108,935
Total
82,948
103
104
106,8,9
1221
1222
123,4
132
145
141,8,9
Construction
Bridge, tunnel, and elevated highway
Water, sewer, and utility lines
Heavy construction, nee
Masonry and other stonework
Plastering, drywall, and insulation
Terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work
Carpentry work
Floor laying and floor work, nee
Concrete work
Water well drilling
Miscellaneous special trade contractors
Structural steel erection
Glass and glazing work
Excavation work
Wrecking, demolition, and other special trade contractors
1622
1623
1629
1741
1742
1743
1751
1752
177
178
179
1791
1793
1794
1795,6,9
90,038
88,790
88,347
89,790
24,522
24,753
24,636 j 23,390
22,724
22,754
695
2.4
12.1
8.3
710
2.0
16.2
8.5
59.7
81.2
10.9
5.0
8.3
11.1
677
2.3
19.5
10.1
57.3
78.4
9.5
4.7
8.3
9.9
691
2.6
21.0
10.0
56.7
79.8
9.4
4.5
8.5
10.6
695
2.5
19.7
9.0
53.3
75.9
9.1
4.7
7.4
10.2
634
2.5
19.6
7.3
50.7
68.3
8.5
6.0
7.5
9.1
603
2.5
18.7
5.8
47.1
63.3
7.4
5.0
7.5
9.3
4,675
43.9
198.9
235.0
155.2
249.1
34.7
131.4
45.6
176.9
17.6
461.1
73.2
39.9
109.6
238.4
4,726
43.7
203.4
245.8
151.2
256.0
36.0
147.9
47.4
190.0
18.8
470.2
74.9
39.3
104.7
251.3
4,846
45.4
206.9
249.8
154.6
261.7
39.0
151.7
48.8
195.9
19.0
500.0
74.0
39.9
108.4
277.7
4,356
41.4
186.9
248.1
127.3
218.9
33.8
118.7
46.2
161.6
18.8
469.6
67.8
36.1
94.1
271.6
4,117
42.5
180.0
243.4
120.3
194.1
29.8
119.4
43.8
161.2
18.8
436.9
58.6
32.0
90.2
256.1
4.177
42.4
181.6
228.3
118.1
194.4
30.1
127.3
46.6
166.0
18.5
442.3
56.4
32.0
93.0
260.9
19,137
19,350
19,099
18,339
17,973
17,974
11,064
Mining
Lead and zinc ores
Gold and silver ores
Other metal ores and mining services
Bituminous coal and lignite-surface
Bituminous coal-underground
Anthracite mining and coal mining services
Natural gas liquids
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals
Dimension stone and other nonmetallic minerals
88,613
18,787
Goods-producing
85,881
24,005
Total private
11,254
11,424
11,185
10,580
10,247
10,192
3.7
26.2
5.8
27.5
8.0
21.9
12.6
3.4
26.4
5.5
29.9
7.5
22.4
12.7
15.8
61.9
3.5
27.6
4.9
31.7
7.9
21.6
12.8
17.1
58.5
3.1
27.3
4.4
32.3
8.2
18.4
12.6
18.0
55.7
2.7
20.6
4.2
32.0
7.8
16.0
11.9
16.5
52.3
2.1
22.3
3.8
31.7
7.4
14.7
11.1
17.4
51.8
2.1
25.2
3.9
33.6
7.2
15.5
11.1
17.6
54.4
12.7
35.2
35.4
43.2
34.0
22.0
12.6
14.3
35.3
36.2
43.0
35.3
21.9
13.9
13.6
34.8
34.3
42.4
35.4
22.3
15.0
12.0
30.3
32.1
40.3
33.0
19.7
14.0
13.5
27.2
33.6)
39.7
32.3
19.9
14.6
13.0
26.5
32.9
39.7
33.6
18.7
15.5
17.3
7.5
13.4
9.6
5.8
11.2
12.1
5.4
14.4
13.2
12.2
7.8
7.71
16.7
7.7
13.5
9.5
5.8
11.5
13.2
5.2
14.2
13.8
12.8
8.4
8.0
15.8
7.0
13.3
9.1
5.5
11.1
13.5
5.3
13.5
15.0
13.0
8.1
8.9
13.9
6.4
11.7
8.6
4.9
10.7
12.5
5.0
12.0
14.0J
13.4
8.1
8.6
13.3
5.8
10.8
8.9
5.4
10.1
13.2
5.0
11.6
13.6i
12.7
8.9
7.4
14.0
5.8
11.9
9.4
5.0
ft
O
O
5.7
7.9
10.8
4,523
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products:
Special product sawmills, nee
Structural wood members, nee
Nailed wood boxes and shook
Wood pallets and skids
Wood containers, nee
Prefabricated wood buildings
Wood preserving
Reconstituted wood products
Wood products, nee
1987
2429
2439
2441
2448
2449
2452
2491
2493
2499
Furniture and fixtures:
Wood television and radio cabinets, and household
furniture, nee
Wood office furniture
Office furniture, except wood
Wood partitions and fixtures
Partitions and fixtures, except wood
Drapery hardware and blinds and shades
Furniture and fixtures, nee
2517,9
2521
2522
2541
2542
2591
2599
Stone, clay, and glass products:
Brick and structural clay tile
Clay refractories
Ceramic tile and structural clay products, nee
Vitreous plumbing fixtures
Vitreous and semivitreous table and kitchenware
Porcelain electrical supplies
Pottery products, nee
Lime
Gypsum products
Cut stone and stone products
Minerals, ground or treated
Nonclay refractories
Nonmetallic mineral products, nee
3251
3255
3253,9
3261
3262,3
3264
3269
3274
3275
328
3295
3297
3299
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
ft
ft
16.8
428.5
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
57.7
13.8
32.1
ft
39.7
ft
21.6
ft
17.3
6.4
13.0|
9.8
7.1
10.6
10.7
5.5
13.8
12.6
12.0
7.1
7.1
9.81
14.5
4.91
11.8
13.1
12.2
8.7
8.3
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods-Continued
Primary metal industries:
Electrometallurgical products
Steel wire and related products
Cold finishing of steel shapes
Steel investment foundries
Primary copper
Primary nonferrous metals, nee
Secondary nonferrous metals
Aluminum extruded products
Aluminum and nonferrous rolling and drawing, nee
Aluminum die-castings
Nonferrous die-castings, except aluminum
Copper founderies
Nonferrous foundries, nee
Miscellaneous primary metal products
Metal heat treating
Primary metal products, nee
Fabricated metal products:
Metal barrels, drums, and pails
Cutlery
Metal sanitary ware
Prefabricated metal buildings
Miscellaneous metal work
Nonferrous forgings, crowns, and closures
Small arms, small arms ammunition, and other ordnance
and accessories, nee
Industrial valves
Fluid power valves and hose fittings
Steel springs, except wire
Wire springs
Fabricated pipe and fittings
Metal foil and leaf, and fabricated metal products, nee ...
Industrial machinery and equipment:
Lawn and garden equipment
Elevators and moving stairways
Hoists, cranes, and monorails
Industrial patterns
Welding apparatus
Rolling mill and metalworking machinery, nee
Woodworking machinery
Paper industries machinery
Special industry machinery, nee
Packaging machinery
Industrial furnaces and ovens
General industrial machinery, nee
Computer storage devices
Computer peripheral equipment, nee
Automatic vending machines
Commercial laundry equipment
Measuring and dispensing pumps, and service industry
machinery, nee
Fluid power cylinders and actuators
Fluid power pumps and motors
Electronic and other electrical equipment:
Carbon and graphite products
Electrical industrial apparatus, nee
Household cooking equipment
Household vacuum cleaners and appliances, nee
Commercial lighting fixtures
Vehicular lighting equipment
Lighting equipment, nee
Prerecorded records and tapes
Radio and television communications equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
18
1987
SIC Code
3313
3315
3316
3324
3331
3339
334
3354
3355,6
3363
3364
3366
3369
339
3398
3399
3412
3421
3431
3448
3449
3463,6
3482,4,9
3491
3492
3493
3495
3498
3497,9
3524
3534
3536
3543
3548
3547,9
3553
3554
3559
3565
3567
3569
3572
3577
3581
3582
3586,9
3593
3594
3624
3629
3631
3635,9
3646
3647
3648
3652
3663
1987
7.6
19.0
15.6
13.6
5.5
12.3
16.8
33.6
18.6
0
0
0
0
24.9
14.0
10.9
10.4
11.1
10.8
23.8
O
10.9
32.9
O
O
5.9
13.2
19.0
43.5
27.3
11.9
O
8.6
O
O
10.3
15.9
53.7
O
17.6
O
O
O
7.8
6.0
36.9
O
O
9.9
10.5
21.9
26.7
19.6
18.1
9.9
20.6
O
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
7.9
19.2
16.6
14.6
5.3
12.5
17.8
33.4!
18.0
23.8
13.6
11.0
8.7
26.7
14.8
11.9
6.1
19.5
19.0
15.1
5.5
14.3
18.4
31.6
18.5
29.2
13.0
11.3
9.2
27.7
15.7
12.0
6.1
18.4
17.6
15.8
5.5
14.5
18.8
30.0
18.2
27.6
13.0
10.7
9.0
27.2
15.3
11.9
6.0
16.9
16.9
16.2
5.3
14.5
18.5
28.0
18.1
26.2
11.5
10.0
8.2
26.2
15.2
11.0
6.3
16.4
15.6
15.6
5.7
12.9
15.5
26.8
19.0
28.9
10.5
9.3
7.0
25.9
14.9
11.0
10.3
11.0
13.2
24.9
17.4
12.7
10.2
11.4
13.6
25.8
15.4
12.7
9.5
12.1
13.5
25.5
14.7
12.1
9.4
11.8
12.6
22.4
13.2
11.1
8.8
11.6
13.0
20.9
12.3
11.9
33.6
25.4
26.5
6.3
13.5
23.5
48.8
31.6
26.9
29.3
6.2
13.7
24.2
54.8
30.3
27.8
28.5
6.0
13.1
24.1
55.5
26.6
26.8
27.6
5.6
12.1
24.5
54.5
25.0
26.6
27.5
4.8
13.0
25.2
50.2
30.9
12.8
8.5
9.8
16.9
9.9
11.1
17.6
60.3
19.7
17.0
36.7
29.2
59.3
8.8
6.2
28.7
11.8
8.2
9.0
19.0
12.5
10.6
18.5
64.0
21.3
18.3
39.9
36.2
61.6
8.0
5.7
30.6
11.5
8.4
9.0
18.7
12.7
9.8
19.7
62.3
21.8
18.5
39.8
35.0
58.0
7.5
5.8
26.7
10.3
9.0
8.7
18.4
12.4
8.4
18.9
60.8
21.5
17.2
39.6
38.2
58.7
7.3
5.7
27.1
9.3
7.7
8.2
18.5
12.7
8.0
19.6
60.0
19.0
15.9
40.0
35.6
55.3
6.8
5.3
40.8
19.4
30.1
43.2
19.3
31.2
43.2
19.4
29.3
41.6
18.4
28.7
41.9
16.4
27.4
10.1
9.9
21.6
25.5
20.5
17.9
10.4
21.6
114.7
11.2
9.1
21.6
25.7
21.6
19.8
11.3
21.6
107.3
10.9
9.1
20.6
25.0
22.9
18.5
10.6
21.0
112.9
10.2
9.3
18.0
21.6
22.2
17.5
10.0
23.2
111.0
9.4
9.6
17.6
25.6
22.0
17.5
9.4
21.6
106.0
1993
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods-Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment-Continued
Communications equipment, nee
Printed circuit boards
Electronic capacitors
Electronic resistors
Electronic coils and transformers
Electronic connectors
Primary batteries, dry and wet
Magnetic and optical recording media, and electrical
equipment and supplies, nee
Transportation equipment:
Motor homes
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts
Space propulsion units and parts, and space vehicle
equipment, nee
Tanks and tank components
Transportation equipment, nee
1987
SIC Code
1987
3669
3672
3675
3676
3677
3678
3692
O
O
3695,9
O
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
22.9
102.8
26.3
12.6
21.6
14.9
11.2
24.1
101.7
22.0
12.6
19.1
15.5
10.7
24.41
99.2
20.2
11.5
17.9
15.9
10.8
23.21
92.2
18.4
11.0
17.1
16.2
12.1
24.8
99.81
19.6
10.1
17.4
15.6
11.3
58.8
24.6
11.2
21.7
12.9
12.3
22.5
79.7
24.2
13.3
23.2
14.5|
13.4
58.4
56.3
55.9
49.7
49.2
3716
375
17.5
11.9
19.2
12.5
22.5
13.8
17.8
13.2
14.2
14.7
17.2
15.8
18.5
17.1
3764,9
3795
3799
49.0
19.5
13.0
57.1
15.6
14.2
58.2
16.2
14.6
54.0
15.1
14.0
49.5
14.3
12.6
42.4
12.8
14.9
36.4
11.1
16.3
9.2
11.6
25.9
17.9
45.7
14.0
10.3
21.3
8.0
11.3
29.6
19.4
46.0
12.9
10.9
27.0
8.8
12.1
30.5
20.2
45.3
13.0
10.4
28.4
8.81
12.0
28.61
19.4
45.7
13.0
11.4
31.8
9.61
12.4
28.5
18.8
42.6
12.8
10.7
37.6
10.2
12.4
28.01
17.4
40.4
13.8
10.8
38.4
7.7
7.8
8.8
7.2
18.1
12.9
13.5
9.3
60.8
7.4
7.3
9.7
7.5
18.5
12.5
13.2
9.3
60.9
6.7
7.1
9.2
7.3
17.7
12.1
13.5
9.0
58.9
6.5
6.6
8.7
7.2
17.3
11.8
13.2
6.3
6.2
7.0
8.7
7.8
16.8
11.4
14.1
57.7
54.6
57.7
7,723
7,883
7,926 j
7,914
7,759
7,726
7,782
2.4
15.6
21.1
15.7
19.7
5.2
8.7
2.3
15.4
21.3
15.3
20.7
41.0
19.2
5.4
9.5
9.1
12.6
21.2
7.2
13.0
8.0
11.3
15.2
11.0;
17.1
11.4
38.5
12.4
32.1
5.1
8.8
53.1
2.0
15.8
21.4
15.1
20.7
41.6|
20.2
5.4
8.9
9.2
15.2
21.7
6.2
12.7
8.1
10.3
15.5
9.8
17.6
9.9
41.3
11.7
33.4
5.1
7.9
56.5
2.1
15.7
21.1
17.9
19.3
42.5
19.9
5.6
9.4
9.1
16.0
20.2
6.9
13.0
8.2
10.1
15.1
8.5
18.0
9.4
42.2
11.9
34.5
5.2
8.6
61.6
2.0
17.1
21.5
17.1
20.1
44.5
18.91
5.5
11.0
9.6
16.3
21.4
7.7
13.2
7.6
9.9 i
16.0
9.2
17.5
9.4
43.3
11.6
35.3
5.5
8.5
62.7
1.9
17.3
21.4
15.0
21.1
48.8
18.4
4.8
11.5
10.0
16.9
19.3
9.5
13.3
7.5
10.2
16.1
8.5
17.5
8.5
45.4
11.6
35.5
5.4
62.1
2.1
17.6
23.0
16.0
20.9
49.7
19.8
4.6
13.0
9.7
18.0
19.3
9.0
12.9
7.6
11.2
17.0
8.7
17.9
8.1
47.3
10.4
35.2
5.6
8.9
65.7
3.6
10.0
3.6
10.0
3.2
9.9
2.8
10.1
2.7\
2.4
10.5
2.4
10.1
Instruments and related products:
Laboratory apparatus and furniture
Fluid meters and counting devices
Analytical instruments
Optical instruments and lenses
Measuring and controlling devices, nee
Dental equipment and supplies
X-ray apparatus and tubes
Electromedical equipment
3821
3824
3826
3827
3829
3843
3844
3845
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries:
Silverware and plated ware
Jewelers' materials and lapidary work
Pens and mechanical pencils
Lead pencils and art goods
t
Marking devices, carbon paper, and inked ribbons
Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins
Brooms and brushes
Burial caskets
Hard surface floor coverings and manufacturing industries, nee
3914
3915
3951
3952
3953,5
3965
3991
3995
3996,9
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products:
Creamery butter
Dry, condensed, and evaporated products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Dehydrated fruits, vegetables, and soups
Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings
Frozen specialties, nee
Cereal breakfast foods
Rice milling
Prepared flour mixes and doughs
Wet corn milling
Dog and cat food
Chocolate and cocoa products and chewing gum
Salted and roasted nuts and seeds
Cottonseed, soybean, and vegetable oil mills
Animal and marine fats and oils
Edible fats and oils, nee
Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits
Distilled and blended liquors
Malt and flavoring extracts and syrups, nee
Canned and cured fish and seafoods
Fresh or frozen packaged fish
Roasted coffee
Potato chips and similar snacks
Manufactured ice
Macaroni and spaghetti
Food preparations, nee
2021
2023
2024
2034
2035
2038
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2066,7
2068
2074,5,6
2077
2079
2084
2085
2083,7
2091
2092
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
Tobacco products:
Cigars
Other tobacco products
212
213,4
O
11.7
0
0
0
13.6
O
0
7.4
8.1
9.0
6.7
16.8
0
12.4
9.6]
O
O
19.0
5.4
9.1
8.7
O
19.4
O
14.5
8.1
11.1
14.6
11.8
16.1
9.9
35.6
12.4
0
0
9.01
9.7
6.81
8.0
7.7
17.2
11.9
13.3
8.91
8.21
8.91
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods-Continued
Textile mill products:
Lace and warp knit fabric mills, and knitting mills, nee
Finishing plants, nee
Thread mills
Coated fabrics, not rubberized
Tire cord and fabrics
Cordage and twine
Nonwoven fabrics and other textile goods, nee
1987
SIC Code
1987
2258,9
2269
2284
2295
2296
2298
2297,9
0
13.7
0
Apparel and other textile products:
Men's and boys' underwear and nightwear
Men's and boys' neckwear
Men's and boys' clothing, nee
Hats, caps, and millinery
Girls' and children's outerwear, nee
Fur goods
Fabric dress and work gloves
Robes and dressing gowns
Waterproof outerwear
Leather and sheep-lined clothing
Apparel belts
Apparel and accessories, nee
Textile bags
Canvas and related products
Pleating and stitching
Other fabricated textile products
2322
2323
2329
235
2369
237
2381
2384
2385
2386
2387
2389
2393
2394
2395
2397,9
0
Paper and allied products:
Pulp mills
Setup paperboard boxes
Fiber cans, drums, and similar products
Paper, coated and laminated, packaging
Bags: uncoated paper and multiwall
Die-cut paper and board
Sanitary paper products
Stationery and converted paper products, nee
261
2652
2655
2671
2674
2675
2676
2678,9
0
Printing and publishing:
Commercial printing, gravure
Greeting cards
Blankbooks and looseleaf binders
Bookbinding and related work
Typesetting
Platemaking services
2754
277
2782
2789
2791
2796
Chemicals and allied products:
Alkalies and chlorine
Industrial gases
Inorganic pigments
Synthetic rubber
Cellulosic synthetic fibers
Medicinals and botanicals
Diagnostic and other biological products
Gum and wood chemicals
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Phosphatic fertilizers
Fertilizers, mixing only
Agricultural chemicals, nee
Adhesives and sealants
Explosives
Printing ink
Other chemical preparations
2812
2813
2816
2822
2823
2833
2835,6
2861
2873
2874
2875
2879
2891
2892
2893
2895,9
Petroleum and coal products:
Asphalt paving mixtures and blocks
Asphalt felts and coatings
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products
2951
2952
299
See footnotes at end of table.
20
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
21.3
13.8
6.7
8.9
6.4
7.0
21.9
13.9
7.5
10.4
5.4
8.4
28.5
19.8
12.9
6.9
9.4
6.3
7.8
28.8
20.4
13.0
7.3
9.7
6.3
7.3
28.4
21.0
12.4
6.9
26.5
8.1
53.4
14.6
36.1
2.4
7.3
7.2
6.2
3.4
10.3
7.5
9.0
18.2
14.9
34.7
21.9
7.7
54.0
15.0
35.5
2.3
6.7
7.5
6.5
3.6
10.5
9.4
8.9
17.7
15.1
35.6
25.0
6.9
54.8
16.2
34.0
1.7
6.9
6.0
5.7
3.8
9.8
12.1
9.2
14.5
36.6
24.8
6.3
49.4
15.6
29.1
1.2
6.0
4.9
6.6
2.7
8.4
14.3
9.6
16.5
14.9
32.4
24.4
7.3
52.9
18.2
29.4
.9
5.5
4.8
6.2
2.5
8.1
14.4
10.0
16.7
15.8
31.7
14.5
9.1
16.3
17.5
19.2
17.6
30.6
48.7
16.4
8.7
16.7
19.9
21.3
18.1
31.4
44.8
13.8
8.2|
16.6
21.4
21.0
17.6
31.91
43.5
14.3
8.1
15.9
21.2
19.1
16.8
30.8
42.2
13.9
7.3
15.0
21.4
19.6
18.0
32.4
41.1
13.9
23.4
46.8
28.0
35.5
25.7
15.5
23.4
46.9
27.7
34.4
29.7
17.4
24.0
44.4
27.5
32.6
31.2
18.1
27.0
43.0
26.9
29.8
32.0
18.9
26.0
41.3
27.0
25.2
33.4
10.7
22.0
10.3
15.3
13.8
17.7
21.1
4.9
10.1
11.5
10.2
21.3
23.7
15.2
14.7
45.5
12.3
23.7
10.4
15.4
14.4
17.9
21.1
4.3
10.1
10.8
10.3
25.4
24.5
15.0
15.2
44.2
12.6
23.6
10.1
15.3
13.1
18.3
22.3
10.5
10.7
11.5
19.4
22.1
16.7
13.0
41.9
10.4
21.2
10.6|
15.3
13.0J
18.4
20.6]
5.0
9.7
10.9
11.0
22.0
24.1
15.9
13.7
46.2
10.6
10.3
10.4
25.3
23.6
14.4
16.2
44.5
12.9
24.6
10.6
16.0
11.4
18.7
26.5
3.5
10.6
12.1
9.9
27.0
23.0
12.9
15.7
41.9
10.6
13.7
12.0
10.7
14.0
12.2
10.3
13.7
11.7
11.0
13.4
12.5
10.9
12.7
12.3
11.1
12.6
12.3
9.4
5.5
7.6
0
7.8
48.3
14.5
33.9
2.7
7.2
7.2
6.2
2.8
10.5
7.3
7.7
17.3
14.8
33.4
9.2
15.4
0
0
16.1
30.5
0
0
23.4
44.6
27.3
33.8
0
10.8
21.3
10.6
13.3
13.6
17.2
26.2
O
17.71
8.81
6.0
7.5
28.1
4.81
28.61
1993
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC Code
Industry
Nondurable goods-Continued
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products:
Gaskets, packing and sealing devices
Mechanical rubber goods
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Unsupported plastics film and sheet
Unsupported plastics profile shapes
Laminated plastics plate and sheet
Plastics pipe
Plastics bottles
Plastics foam products
Custom compound purchased resins
Plastics plumbing fixtures and plastic products, nee
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
313
3142
3149
315
3171
3172
319
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation:
Other railroads and switching and terminal services
Bus charter service, and bus terminal and service facilities
Local trucking, without storage
Trucking, except local
Local trucking, with storage
Courier services, except by air
General warehousing and storage
Warehousing and storage, nee
Trucking terminal facilities
Deep sea and Great Lakes freight transportation
Water transportation of passengers
Marine cargo handling
Marinas
Towing, tugboat, and water transportation services, nee ....
Air courier services
Air transportation, nonscheduled
Tour operators
Passenger transport arrangement, nee
Rental of railroad cars
Miscellaneous transportation services
Communications and public utilities:
Radiotelephone communications
Telegraph and other communications
Communications services, nee
Water supply
Steam and air-conditioning supply, and irrigation systems .
Wholesale trade
Tires and tubes
Motor vehicle parts, used
Brick, stone, and related materials
Roofing, siding, and insulation
Photographic equipment and supplies
Commercial equipment, nee
,
28.0
31.5
50.1
54.1
52.3
28.4
19.9
14.6
28.4
50.2
27.1
375.4
33.8
50.5
61.1
53.2
29.4
21.4
15.4
29.8
51.3
25.0
397.2
34.7
46.9
57.7
54.4
27.9
20.0
16.1
30.4
52.0
25.3
399.3
33.9
44.2
55.6
55.2
25.4
20.2
14.7
29.7
48.4
23.3
385.4
35.1
44.6
56.6
55.9
23.7
20.2
13.9
30.2
49.5
22.3
397.6
36.0
45.9
57.0
56.3
23.9
21.6
14.3
31.1
50.7
23.4
422.9
5.8
3.9
12.0
3.1
8.5
8.3
8.4
6.6
4.6
12.7
2.9
8.4
9.0
8.9
6.4
4.8
10.9
2.7
6.9
8.8
9.0
6.3
4.2
10.1
2.5
6.0
9.1
10.2
5.4
3.7
9.6
2.5
4.9
8.4
9.6
4.8
3.2
8.1
2.5
4.7
7.4
9.7
4.2
2.8
7.6
2.6
5.1
7.2
76,197
3053
3061
3069
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088,9
Leather and leather products:
Footwear cut stock
House slippers
Footwear, except rubber, nee
Leather gloves and mittens
Women's handbags and purses
Personal leather goods, nee
Leather goods, nee
Ophthalmic goods
Professional equipment, nee
Warm air heating and air-conditioning
Refrigeration equipment and supplies
Service establishment equipment
Transportation equipment and supplies
Sporting and recreational goods
1987
79,013
81,871
83,970
84,117
84,576
86,181
ft
O
ft
ft
O
O
O
0
0
(1)
9.91
5,263
4013
414,7
4212
4213
4214
4215
4225
4221,2,6
423
441,2,3
448
4491
4493
4492,9
4513
452
4725
4729
474
478
4812
482
489
494
496,7
5014
5015
5032
5033
5043
5046
5048
5049
5075
5078
5087
5088
5091
5,426]
5,530
5,713
5,707
5,655
5,720
37.1
21.1
38.4
24.8
38.7
26.5
38.8
27.2
32.2
27.4
32.1
27.7
0
O
O
O
O
ft
5.2
0
O
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
6.6
15.1
ft
0
o
22.8
3.2
5,767
29.2
0
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
75.8
33.3
ft
61.5
47.4
4.5
32.0
12.1
55.5
15.9
35.5
68.4
18.2
20.6
16.8
6.1
16.5
63.2
48.4
3.7
30.8
12.1
58.2
16.4
33.2
82.8
23.1
22.1
15.5
6.0
18.3
64.5
49.3
4.0
31.6
14.3
53.8
17.2
35.9
91.9
26.0
22.8
14.9
5.7
20.2
66.5
49.5
3.9
32.4
15.0
57.6
17.2
36.8
92.8
27.5
21.6
13.9
5.6
23.3
70.2
49.2
3.5
34.2
15.5
56.8
16.8
33.5
96.0
28.5
23.6
12.1
4.7
24.3
31.9
28.6
424.8
741.9
64.3
263.5
72.3
50.9
4.1
30.3
15.0
53.3
17.1
33.0
104.8
30.2
24.9
12.0
4.4
27.8
21.1
17.5
25.5
23.9
3.9
27.3
14.1
23.8
24.7
3.8
36.5
12.0
25.3
25.1
4.6
44.2
10.4
23.3
25.8
4.6
50.7
8.7
17.2
25.7
4.2
59.6
7.0
17.7
26.3
3.6
5,925
29.3
36.2
32.9
24.7
26.3
48.8
20.8
39.0
50.7
14.6
81.8
38.0
40.0
6,164
30.0
37.7
36.1
26.3
31.2
50.2
21.6
39.7
52.5
14.9
85.5
38.6
43.2
6,126
30.3
39.5
38.9
27.0
30.8
51.5
20.3
35.6
52.5
13.4
81.6
38.6
42.5
6,050
28.4
39.8
37.0
25.8
30.7
50.8
20.1
34.3
51.7
13.3
82.0
39.2
41.7
5,993
28.4
39.5
37.4
25.9
28.9
49.7
20.7
35.8
51.6
12.9
80.5
38.9
43.1
5,903
28.6
40.0
37.6
27.0
27.5
50.4
19.9
35.0
52.0
12.7
76.4
35.3
40.7
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
See footnotes at end of table.
21
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade-Continued
Toys and hobby goods and supplies
Jewelry and precious stones
Wholesale trade durable goods.nec
Printing and writing paper
Industry and personal service paper
Piece goods and notions
Men's and boys' clothing
Women's and children's clothing
Footwear
Packaged frozen foods
Dairy products, except dried or canned
Poultry and poultry products
Confectionery
Fish and seafoods
Groceries and related products, nee
Grain and field beans
Livestock
Farm-product raw materials, nee
Plastics materials and basic shapes
Chemicals and allied products, nee
Books, periodicals, and newspapers
Flowers and florists' supplies
Tobacco and tobacco products
Paints, varnishes, and supplies
Wholesale trade nondurable goods, nee
1987
SIC Code
5092
5094
5099
5111
5113
5131
5136
5137
5139
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5149
5153
5154
5159
5162
5169
5192
5193
5194
5198
5199
527
543
544
549
552
555
556
557
563
564
569
5713
5714,9
5734
5736
5945
5946,8
5963
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Central reserve depositories
Foreign banks and branches and agencies
Functions closely related to banking
Federal and federally sponsored credit agencies
Short-term business credit
Miscellaneous business credit institutions
Investment advice
Security and commodity services, nee
Bank holding companies
Holding companies, nee
Trusts
Investment offices and miscellaneous investing
Accident and health insurance
Pension, health, and welfare funds
Surety insurance and insurance carriers, nee
Title abstract offices
601
608
609
611
6153
6159
6282
6289
6712
6719
673
672,9
6321
637
635,9
654
22
■o
1988
!
43.6
63.8!
O
0
0
0
0
0
28.4
47.3
23.6
44.0
28.9
192.7
O
O
O
O
O
0
O
40.0
29.5
0
Retail trade
Mobile home dealers
Fruit and vegetable markets
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores
Miscellaneous food stores
Used car dealers
Boat dealers
Recreational vehicle dealers
Motorcycle dealers
Women's accessory and specialty stores
Children's and infants' wear stores
Miscellaneous apparel and accessory stores
Floor covering stores
Drapery, upholstery, and miscellaneous home furnishings
Computer and software stores
Musical instrument stores
Hobby, toy, and game shops
Camera, luggage, and leather goods stores
Direct selling establishments
See footnotes at end of table.
1987
17,845
27.2
21.9
30.3
38.6
55.3
33.6
O
26.9
40.2
35.8
56.7
72.3
89.1
O
O
69.9
42.0
59.3
6,430
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
0
0
55.1
39.1
0
33.4
12.0
32.7
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
25.0
48.5
64.2
23.1
21.7
45.7
71.0
24.5
83.6
52.4
39.6
77.6
19.1
30.0
47.0
22.4
45.6
30.6
205.9
66.8
36.5
21.6
22.2
102.0
61.7
41.4
42.1
30.3
116.7
22.7
47.6
76.8
24.8
86.7
54.4
43.3
83.1
19.6
31.8
47.6
21.3
46.5
31.4
220.8
67.2
36.2
21.0
23.2
104.1
64.5
44.9
45.4
30.3
127.1
23.9
48.3
67.7
25.6
86.8
51.8
43.4
84.9
21.2
33.3
49.6
20.4
48.1
31.0
225.1
65.4
35.3
17.3
24.9
110.8
69.1
49.4
45.8
29.8
125.5
23.1
47.9
69.2
25.0
86.4
51.2
42.4
80.9
21.5
34.5
46.8
19.8
48.5
29.3
231.3
63.2
35.4
16.7
24.5
113.0
70.7
50.2
45.5
29.2
127.3
24.1
48.0
69.4
23.9
84.4
52.5
44.4
85.8
22.0
35.3
46.3
18.7
49.8
28.7
236.5
63.3
35.1
16.2
25.6
113.2
72.0
51.1
48.3
28.0
136.6
18,479
27.6
22.4
30.5
40.0
59.8
38.0
19.5
25.8
44.8
36.7
62.6
77.3
95.1
59.4
25.5
82.3
42.7
60.3
19,048
27.8
22.6
32.3
42.8
62.4
40.3
21.1
24.9
45.1
35.1
67.2
79.6
99.5
68.4
26.2
87.6
43.6
57.3
19,216
25.9
21.3
30.1
41.1
61.2
36.7
21.2
24.1
50.5
33.3
71.5
78.8
98.9
72.8
26.7
90.9
40.5
53.2
18,934
23.7
22.0
30.9
43.1
61.3
30.7
19.1
23.4
49.8
32.9
77.6
75.0
95.0
75.3
26.2
89.9
38.9
55.2
18,855
23.6
23.2
28.2
44.9
62.2
29.0
19.7
23.4
50.0
32.5
78.0
74.5
95.1
78.9
26.3
93.4
37.8
52.4
19,133
25.1
22.3
6,576
27.9
25.7
46.9
11.0
34.2
30.7
43.8
24.8
26.9
76.7
57.2
42.1
52.4
35.9
13.0
30.9
6,615
29.0
27.1
51.0
10.3
40.1
33.3
45.0
24.9
26.5
78.4
76.2
39.3
53.7
36.2
14.6
30.2
6,650
26.7
28.0
57.4
11.1
43.9
35.0
48.3
26.6
28.0
82.2
63.6
41.1
54.9
37.4
15.4
30.4
6,656
27.3
29.3
60.3
12.1
50.7
35.0
54.0
27.2
28.61
82.0
76.1
42.1
55.9
38.9
16.7
28.3
6,534
27.0
34.2
60.4
16.2
49.1
32.4
55.2
25.8
25.2
74.9
76.5
42.1
61.5
39.4
17.8
30.4
6,633
26.0
34.4
62.5
17.8
49.6
31.5
62.7
24.0
27.8
75.8
68.2
48.1
61.0
39.4
18.8
32.1
86.01
52.6
47.1
81.8
22.7
35.2
45.0
17.5
50.6
27.3
231.8
59.91
34.7
15.6
26.5
114.9
73.8
49.7
48.61
28.21
125.3
29.21
49.1
63.1
28.1
20.5
23.4
51.5
33.0
78.6
76.3
96.7
80.3
26.8
90.3
36.7
51.7
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services
Agricultural services:
Animal services, except veterinary
Hotels and other lodging places:
Camps and recreational vehicle parks
Rooming and boarding houses, and membership-basis
organization hotels
Personal services:
Power laundries and garment pressing and cleaners agents
Linen supply
Drycleaning plants and carpet and upholstery cleaning, except
rugs
Industrial launderers
Coin-operated laundries and laundry and garment services, nee
Barber shops
Shoe repair shops and shoeshine parlors
Tax return preparation services
Miscellaneous personal services, nee
Business services:
Outdoor, radio, television, and other advertising, nee
Adjustment and collection services
Credit reporting services
Direct mail advertising services
Commercial photography
Commercial art and graphic design
Secretarial and court reporting
Computer facilities management
Computer rental and leasing
Computer related services, nee
News syndicates
Business services, nee
1987
SIC Code
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
23,638
24,953
26,503
27,697
28,053
28,586
29,647
30,872
075
42.2
44.3
41.5
41.8
43.5
40.9
42.8
45.2
703
19.2
20.0
21.6
23.3
22.0
22.8
23.4
23.7
702,4
16.2
16.6
17.8
17.8
17.9
17.1
17.3
16.9
7211,2
7213
0
O
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
58.4
63.5
52.9
63.2
7216,7
7218
7215,9
724
725
7291
7299
O
0
ft
ft
ft
0
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
0
ft
ft
ft
197.4
48.4
54.1
12.3
5.7
122.9
96.4
7312,3,9
7322
7323
7331
7335
7336
7338
7376
7377
7379
7383
7389
Auto repair, services, and parking:
Passenger car leasing
Truck and utility trailer rental
Auto exhaust system repair shops
Automotive glass replacement shops
Automotive transmission repair shops
Automotive repair shops, nee
Automotive services, nee
Reupholstery and furniture repair
Watch and miscellaneous repair shops
7515
7513,9
7533
7536
7537
7539
7549
764
763,9
Motion pictures:
Motion picture distribution and services
782
Amusement and recreational services:
Dance studios, schools, and halls
Producers, orchestras, and entertainers
Commercial sports
Public golf courses
Coin-operated amusement devices
Amusement parks
Amusement and recreation, nee
791
792
794
7992
7993
7996
7999
Health services:
Offices and clinics of osteopathic physicians
Offices and clinics of podiatrists
Offices and clinics of health practitioners, nee
Health and allied services, nee
803
8043
8049
809
18.5
7.0
82.8
78.8
17.9
7.0
86.7
90.4
17.7
6.9
89.9
100.5
14.1
6.6
105.7
98.2
13.9
6.7
114.4
97.0
191.5
43.8
58.6
13.8
6.4
118.1
100.4
62.8
55.0
35.4
87.9
16.2
40.5
22.7
26.0
10.3
69.8
10.1
545.4
62.5
61.7
37.0
86.2
17.5
45.1
26.1
25.8
11.7
78.1
10.5
602.5
67.9
66.3
39.4
88.9
17.8
48.3
29.3
25.6
10.7
88.5
10.3
661.7
68.7
70.5
35.8
88.1
16.1
45.6
29.7
24.2
10.8
94.0
10.0
635.5
69.6
74.6
37.9
84.7
15.7
45.1
30.7
25.2
10.2
101.9
10.2
647.7
72.1
77.6
37.7
88.3
16.1
47.3
33.0
25.8
9.8
116.1
9.9
702.3
70.6
78.5
38.0
90.7
15.2
48.2
33.9
23.9
9.3
130.8
10.0
713.2
23.4
189.3
11.7
57.7
20.3
14.7
22.8
49.5
45.4
23.4
210.9
11.7
62.2
20.1
17.6
23.5
52.4
53.0
23.8
229.7
11.3
64.4
22.1
19.7
23.6
54.5
58.2
24.4
247.3
10.0
55.3
22.4
20.5
23.5
50.8
62.9
20.8
208.0
95
52.1
23.3
20.0
23.1
50.0
66.1
20.5
212.6
9.3
53.5
23.9
20.6
23.9
50.2
71.0
20.9
224.7
8.7
53.4
25.0
22.3
25.2
50.2
79.7
20.5
204.0
12.9
17.7
12.0
13.7
14.7
14.9
15.0
18.8
19.7
114.3
74.3
26.9
24.7
67.5
157.4
21.3
123.0
85.0
25.7
74.2
174.6
22.1
134.8
91.0
33.8
27.0!
80.2
183.0
22.7
137.0
91.9
35.5
25.7
87.7
186.3
24.6
135.9
91.8
39.7
28.7
89.3
208.4
24.9
138.5
91.7
39.4
35.8
91.2
255.4
25.4
138.6
94.7
46.4
41.1
93.4
306.3
33.2
19.9
77.9
196.9
34.1
21.1
93.6
216.1
35.2
22.4
109.6
224.9
43.1
24.3
129.1
234.0
45.1
25.2
148.6
248.7
45.4
25.8
167.4
270.1
50.1
26.7
189.7
280.7
19.3
ft
ft
ft
54.8
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
9.0
471.2
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
105.7
72.6
ft
ft
ft
ft
32.3
ft
ft
ft
29.51
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Table 5. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1987-94—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services-Continued
Specialty outpatient clinics, nee
Kidney dialysis centers and health and allied services, nee
1987
SIC Code
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
8093
8092,9
0
0
135.9
61.0
147.6
68.5
154.3
70.6
159.6
74.4
167.1
81.6
179.5
90.6
Educational services:
Libraries
Schools and educational services, nee
823
829
0
0
14.4
80.4
13.9
88.6
14.2
97.6
18.4
104.6
19.9
108.2
14.3
113.8
Membership organizations:
Religious organizations
Political and membership organizations, nee
866
865,9
850.6
88.7
964.9
98.3
1,011.9
101.6
1,118.6
93.6
1,211.6
81.1
1,149.9
80.5
1,195.3
96.8
Engineering and management services:
Testing laboratories
Facilities support services
Business consulting, nee
8734
8744
8748
0
0
46.9
56.2
45.6
49.6
64.4
54.0
61.8
72.2
56.6
71.5
74.5
58.8
80.0
79.6
66.3
90.5
80.5
66.3
101.2
17,254
17,654
18,011
18,568
18,717
18,953
19,145
17.3
31.5
79.2
24.5
166.7
1,422.7
17.0
31.5
81.0
25.4
172.8
1,402.0
16.9
24.6
74.5
23.8
162.7
1,502.2
19.4
29.4
79.7
26.6
164.5
1,602.2
18.1
27.1
79.5
31.2
155.7
1,489.3
18.8
25.6
75.3
33.6
158.9
1,533.1
16.9
22.3
70.1
32.8
152.8
1,471.4
189.1
45.0
169.3
47.7
2,477.0
184.8
116.1
145.5
46.4
2,545.0
198.9
119.6
116.0
48.6
2,595.7
203.4
121.5
85.7
49.4
2,662.4
212.2
140.5
82.5
48.4
2,680.0
203.7
135.6
84.7
48.7
2,717.6
212.0
138.7
114.9
198.3
6,969.2
112.7
203.0
7,128.6
109.4
214.4
7,328.3
104.7
223.3
7,467.7
113.5
230.6
7,569.6
121.3
239.5
7,718.1
123.2
244.5
245.2
178.7
213.6
162.8
127.3
142.5
133.9
Government
Federal:
Small arms ammunition and ordnance
Other manufacturing
Trade
Finance
Other services
All other Federal Government, except Postal Service
State:
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education, and social services ...
Local:
Services
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education, and social services ...
Nonclassifiable establishments
1
Not available.
NOTE: N.e.c. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and
designates broad categories of industries which cannot be more specifically
24
O
173.9
119.4
O
identified. This table includes data for totals and some industry divisions
which are published regularly.
Table 6. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
101.3
101.6
101.1
101.1
Total'
1
Mining
Metal mining2
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
0
(3)
(3)
98.6
102.7
99.6
104.0
Construction1
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
99.9
104.6
101.3
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries2
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment..
Electronic components and accessories .
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
99.5
O
O
101.2
104.3
101.5
104.4
101.2
103.6
103.1
107.6
104.1
105.0
108.8
106.2
105.5
109.5
106.9
104.0
110.4
105.3
99.5
99.9
100.9
99.9
99.7
99.9
100.3
100.1
99.8
99.9
100.2
100.7
99.7
99.8
99.7
101.4
100.6
102.1
100.4
100.2
100.6
100.5
100.6
100.4
100.5
100.3
100.7
99.8
100.1
100.3
101.7
98.6
101.8
99.3
100.2
99.2
99.8
100.7
99.6
100.0
99.0
98.2
99.6
99.9
99.0
102.0
100.1
102.3
100.3
100.4
100.0
99.6
100.1
99.9
100.1
99.2
99.0
99.6
100.1
100.5
101.5
100.4
102.2
100.5
100.2
100.5
99.9
100.0
100.1
99.9
100.2
100.4
100.0
100.0
101.3
97.7
92.3
99.9
100.4
99.6
100.0
99.8
100.6
100.1
99.9
100.0
92.1
100.6
101.1
100.8
100.0
100.7
101.8
101.0
100.9
102.2
91.9
99.4
98.0
100.6
99.9
100.5
102.2
99.6
97.1
105.1
102.2
100.5
100.5
100.6
99.9
100.7
102.7
100.2
101.5
104.4
104.9
100.7
101.0
100.4
99.8
100.2
101.8
100.1
101.5
100.5
103.8
99.4
101.6
99.9
99.1
100.2
101.2
100.1
100.9
103.4
100.3
101.6
100.4
101.5
85.7
101.3
105.6
100.8
102.4
100.3
100.4
84.5
101.3
103.0
100.8
102.0
100.1
101.2
102.8
101.3
102.1
100.2
100.4
99.9
100.6
104.7
101.6
100.4
99.9
100.3
100.3
99.9
99.9
100.3
100.9
100.4
101.2
100.5
101.1
100.3
100.1
100.3
99.9
Wholesale trade1
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .
100.2
100.1
100.7
100.8
100.6
100.8
100.4
100.7
100.0
100.7
100.0
100.8
Retail trade1
Building materials and garden supplies ..
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
103.6
96.5
96.3
99.7
100.2
99.8
97.9
99.0
102.1
98.9
104.7
97.4
97.2
100.7
101.0
100.3
99.0
99.1
103.1
98.7
103.8
97.8
97.7
100.7
101.4
100.6
99.3
99.1
102.2
98.3
102.5
98.5
98.5
100.4
101.4
100.6
100.1
99.0
102.7
98.7
100.7
99.4
99.5
99.9
100.7
100.6
98.8
99.0
101.8
99.0
100.3
101.3
101.4
100.1
100.3
100.5
99.6
100.0
99.8
100.6
Manufacturing1
Transportation and public utilities1
Transportation1
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit.
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities1
Communications2
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
See footnotes at end of table.
25
Table 6. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry—Continued
1995
Industry
May
Finance, insurance, and real estate1
Finance'
Depository institutions
Commercial banks2
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices2 ...
Insurance'
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service .
Real estate
Services1
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services2
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services2
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services..
Management and public relations
Services, nee
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
99.7
99.8
99.8
100.2
99.8
100.0
100.6
100.8
100.4
100.5
100.7
100.5
100.9
101.0
100.6
100.3
101.2
100.5
100.8
100.9
100.4
99.9
100.9
100.5
99.9
100.0
99.7
99.6
100.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.4
100.4
100.4
103.1
100.5
100.5
103.8
100.3
100.3
103.9
99.8
99.9
101.6
109.1
100.9
98.0
99.8
100.5
99.8
99.9
99.6
100.3
99.9
99.3
105.3
99.9
99.9
99.7
99.8
100.5
99.4
101.8
100.6
103.5
99.8
112.2
105.9
97.4
100.6
101.4
100.7
100.9
99.8
100.9
100.8
100.7
113.9
100.3
100.3
100.2
100.3
100.6
101.8
90.8
99.9
97.5
100.8
111.2
107.8
96.4
100.5
101.0
100.6
100.9
100.0
100.8
101.4
101.0
115.3
100.4
100.5
100.3
100.5
100.3
101.7
86.9
99.9
90.5
100.9
109.3
107.7
96.4
101.1
100.9
102.9
103.1
99.9
100.6
101.1
102.5
114.0
100.3
100.5
100.4
100.2
99.8
100.8
85.4
99.0
89.3
100.7
105.8
102.5
97.8
101.2
100.5
103.1
103.3
99.6
100.4
100.4
98.0
104.8
100.0
100.0
100.1
99.9
100.2
99.3
98.2
99.6
101.1
99.5
103.6
99.9
99.8
99.9
100.4
107.9
101.6
100.4
101.3
100.5
109.0
103.0
100.6
101.6
100.8
107.5
101.5
100.3
101.6
100.5
102.8
99.3
99.7
100.5
100.3
100.0
100.2
100.6
101.1
100.6
101.1
100.5
100.8
100.0
100.2
103.3
100.0
90.3
101.3
84.7
102.1
84.4
101.5
97.0
100.3
105.5
99.4
100.6
103.1
82.8
105.9
81.6
104.3
97.1
99.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State1
Education
Other State government
Local'
Education
Other local government
1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11 without
26
the ARIMA option.
3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
Table 7. Seasonal adjustment factors for women employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
1995
Industry
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
99.6
101.1
102.2
101.2
100.4
100.2
101.6
102.3
102.4
102.0
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
99.7
100.1
99.8
100.1
100.0
100.5
99.9
99.9
100.0
99.8
101.2
100.7
101.0
100.7
100.7
100.8
100.4
100.3
100.3
100.1
100.8
98.4
99.9
100.0
98.9
100.0
99.3
99.3
99.6
99.0
101.4
99.8
101.5
100.6
100.0
99.8
99.9
99.7
99.9
100.8
100.8
100.0
101.4
100.5
100.5
99.8
100.1
100.3
99.9
101.9
Nondurable goods1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products2
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
96.4
88.0
100.0
100.4
99.4
100.1
99.6
99.3
100.1
99.9
99.1
87.3
100.7
101.0
101.3
100.2
101.0
101.4
101.1
100.5
103.0
88.2
99.5
97.6
101.4
99.9
100.8
102.0
98.8
97.0
107.8
105.7
100.6
100.4
101.6
99.8
101.0
102.8
99.9
101.7
107.0
109.5
100.7
101.0
100.6
99.5
100.3
100.8
100.3
102.0
Transportation and public utilities
100.2
100.5
99.0
98.9
100.5
Wholesale trade
99.9
100.3
100.1
100.0
100.2
Retail trade
99.8
100.6
100.2
100.6
100.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate
99.9
100.7
100.9
100.8
100.0
100.1
100.4
100.1
100.0
100.2
100.0
101.6
103.6
100.7
96.7
101.4
100.8
94.4
89.2
100.5
94.0
88.2
100.0
98.8
98.0
May
Total'
2
Mining
Construction .
1
Manufacturing
Services
2
Government1
Federal
State
Local
1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11 without
the ARIMA option.
27
Table 8. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
1995
Industry
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
99.4
100.8
101.7
102.4
101.9
101.8
105.3
107.7
108.6
107.3
99.6
99.9
101.1
99.9
99.7
99.9
100.4
99.9
100.6
101.1
101.7
100.6
102.6
100.4
100.1
100.7
100.4
100.5
100.6
101.1
102.0
98.1
102.0
98.9
100.0
98.8
99.4
99.1
98.4
97.9
102.3
100.0
102.7
99.9
100.3
100.0
99.3
99.8
98.8
98.7
101.8
100.4
102.5
100.5
100.3
100.8
99.9
100.1
100.2
100.4
99.8
100.2
98.7
100.9
101.7
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
97.0
90.2
100.0
100.4
99.6
100.0
100.1
101.3
100.1
100.0
99.6
89.9
100.8
101.0
101.0
100.0
100.8
102.7
101.0
101.1
102.6
89.5
99.3
97.7
100.7
99.7
100.3
103.0
99.4
96.8
106.6
103.7
100.4
100.5
100.8
99.8
100.8
103.6
100.2
101.7
105.7
106.9
100.7
101.1
100.5
99.6
100.2
102.4
100.2
101.6
Transportation and public utilities
100.0
100.9
100.1
99.9
100.9
Wholesale trade
100.1
100.8
100.8
100.7
100.3
Retail trade
100.1
101.0
100.6
100.9
100.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate
100.0
101.3
101.7
101.5
100.2
Services
100.3
101.0
101.0
100.8
100.4
May
Total private
2
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing2
Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade;
finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
28
0
(3)
0
(3)
(3)
component series.
3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
Table 9. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
.99.0
100.9
101.0
I
100.9
i
O
Total private2
Goods-producing''
Mining1
99.9
99.9
Construction
f)
O
O
O
0
100.7
98.6
101.4
100.2
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.7
100.8
101.5
99.7
99.6
100.6
99.9
101.5
100.4
100.8
100.4
100.0
100.1
100.5
101.1
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.1
100.7
99.5
101.1
98.2
98.8
98.3
97.3
96.2
98.8
98.3
100.9
100.6
101.4
99.3
100.0
99.8
98.8
99.5
99.3
99.2
99.2
99.8
101.0
101.2
101.8
100.2
101.2
100.4
99.9
100.3
101.0
101.2
100.1
100.3
99.2
99.7
100.0
101.3
102.1
O
O
0
0
O
100.3
100.2
99.7
99.0
99.9
101.3
100.9
100.1
99.3
100.0
100.7
100.6
99.6
100.3
99.3
101.4
100.3
101.1
101.2
99.7
Manufacturing2
Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products3
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries5
Blast furnaces and basic steel products:
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing5
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
98.8
99.3
99.4
99.2
99.5
(4)
O
O
100.1
99.9
100.6
101.1
98.4
99.6
99.7
100.0
100.2
100.4
101.0
101.3
100.4
100.5
100.3
100.2
100.3
100.1
100.0
100.9
102.7
102.9
100.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate
f)
0
O
O
O
Services
O
0
O
0
O
O
0
100.2
100.6
Service-producing2
Transportation and public utilities3 5
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
3
3 5
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade;
finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
3
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11 without
the ARIMA option.
4
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
5
No moving-holiday adjustment was done for September
because there was no evidence of significant effects associated
with the relative timing of Labor Day and the reference period of
the payroll survey.
29
Table 10. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls
1995
Industry group
May
June
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
101.3
105.9
July
105.9
112.4
103.2
106.9
1
Manufacturing
99.8
94.4
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
102.0
100.2
94.3
99.6
component series.
Table 11. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers'on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry
1995
Industry division
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Total private2
Goods-producing2
Mining
100.2
Service-producing
100.0
100.4
101.0
101 0
99.9
99.8
99.4
100.2
99 7
99.9
99.9
99.2
99.9
99.4
99.3
99.8
99.8
100.2
100.1
100.1
99.6
99.8
99.6
100.0
99.9
100.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate
3
Services3
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade;
finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
99.3
99.6
3
Retail trade
30
99 1
99.7
99.4
99.0
100.2
100.2
100.4
99.1
99.1
99.3
99.6
99 8
100.0
98.9
98.6
98.6
100.0
100.0
2
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
99.7
100.2
Excluding overtime
98.9
100.0
Manufacturing
99.2
99.8
Construction
99.7
component series.
3
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11 without
the ARIMA option.
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1995
Category
June
May
Sept.
Aug.
July
Oct.
Nov.
Jan.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Labor force status
196,510
130,699
66.5
122,703
62.4
7,996
65,811
196,693
130,538
66.4
122,635
62.3
7,903
66,155
196,859
130,774
66.4
122,781
62.4
7,993
66,085
197,248
131,291
66.6
123,644
62.7
7,647
65,957
197,043
131,086
66.5
123,197
62.5
7,889
65,957
197,430
131,646
66.7
124,141
62.9
7,505
65,784
197,607
131,718
66.7
124,403
63.0
7,315
65,889
197,765
131,725
66.6
124,570
63.0
7,155
66,040
197,753
132,136
66.8
124,639
63.0
7,498
65,617
197,886
132,308
66.9
125,125
63.2
7,183
65,578
198,007
132,511
66.9
125,274
63.3
7,237
65,496
198,148
132,737
67.0
125,072
63.1
7,665
65,412
198,286
131,811
66.5
124,319
62.7
7,492
66,476
5.7
5.0
4.9
16.7
4.9
10.2
10.2
5.4
4.6
4.8
17.6
4.7
10.1
8.9
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.1
4.7
9.8
9.1
5.8
4.9
5.2
17.5
5.0
10.7
8.8
5.7
5.1
4.8
17.6
5.0
9.9
10.0
Unemployment rates
6.1
5.3
5.4
17.1
5.3
11.3
10.2
6.1
5.4
5.4
18.1
5.3
11.7
9.9
Men 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
5.8
5.1
5.2
17.2
5.1
10.7
9.9
6.0
5.3
5.3
17.5
5.2
11.3
10.1
6.1
5.5
5.3
17.7
5.3
11.2
10.0
5.7
5.0
5.0
17.1
5.0
11.1
9.4
5.6
4.9
5.0
15.8
4.8
10.5
8.8
5.4
4.7
4.7
17.2
4.8
9.8
9.2
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Mar.
Dec.
Apr.p
Mayp
116,302
97,054
24.370
589
5,256
18,525
91,932
6,175
6,287
20,760
6,938
32.524
19,248
116,295
97,048
24,320
583
5,237
18,500
91,975
6,186
6,301
20,763
6,919
32,559
19,247
116,194
96,969
24,205
581
5,180
18,444
91,989
6,182
6,292
20,755
6,916
32,619
19,225
Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government
13,638
94,545
23,837
599
4,981
18,257
89,801
5,994
6,118
20,356
6,935
31,305
19,093
113,943
94,840
23.905
602
5,006
18,297
90,038
6,008
6,131
20,408
6,946
31,442
19,103
114,171
95,061
23,922
596
5,029
18,297
90,249
6,022
6,138
20,459
6,947
31.573
19,110
114,510
95,327
23,981
597
5,038
18,346
90,529
6,045
6,163
20,497
6,948
31,693
19.183
114,762
95,555
24,030
598
5,077
18,355
90,732
6,048
6,181
20,565
6,942
31,789
19,207
114,935
95,740
24,081
595
5,088
18,398
90,854
6,061
6,195
20,580
6,935
31,888
19,195
115,427
96,152
24,175
592
5,144
18.439
91,252
6,092
6,210
20,703
6,937
32,035
19,275
115,810
96,588
24,293
590
5,201
18,502
91,517
6,129
6,251
20,760
6,927
32,228
19,222
116,123
96,882
24,324
588
5,213
18,523
91,799
6,156
6,275
20,794
6,929
32,404
19,241
197
253
55
0
22
33
142
29
19
56
-6
100
-56
186
183
63
-2
35
30
123
8
22
1
-4
313
294
31
-2
12
21
282
27
24
34
2
176
19
o1
()
34.7
42.1
4.8
34.8
42.2
4.9
34.6
42.1
4.8
34.6
42.0
4.7
34.6
41.5
4.5
34.3
41.5
4.3
132.7
107.2
131.2
106.8
$11.40
7.40
394.44
$11.38
N.A.
$390.33
115.624
96,405
24,230
592
5,166
18.472
91,394
6,121
6,229
20.759
6,931
32,135
19,219
Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government
275
237
21
-4
12
13
254
91
12
17
-2
98
38
305
295
68
3
25
40
237
14
13
52
11
137
10
228
221
17
-6
23
0
211
14
7
51
1
131
7
339
266
59
1
9
49
280
23
25
38
1
120
73
252
228
49
1
39
9
203
3
18
68
-6
96
24
173
185
51
-3
11
43
122
13
14
15
-7
492
412
94
-3
56
41
398
31
15
123
2
147
80
V)
1
()
(')
(')
V)
V)
V)
V)
O
o
o
o
O
(')
(1)
V)
V)
V)
1
o1
()
(')
(1)
()
V)
Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
34.7
42.0
4.6
34.7
42.0
4.7
34.7
42.0
4.7
34.6
42.0
4.7
34.7
42.1
4.8
34.9
42.1
4.7
34.6
42.1
4.8
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982 = 100)'
T
Total private
Manufacturing
129.5
106.5
129.7
106.8
129.9
106.8
129.9
107.3
130.8
107.5
131.8
107.9
131.5
108.4
132.0
108.6
132.7
108.9
132.4
109.0
132.5
108.6
$11.27
7.40
391.07
$11.29
7.39
392.89
$11.32
7.39
391.67
$11.34
7.38
392.36
Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1
T~
$11.08
7.41
384.48
$11.09
7.39
384.82
$11.13
7.39
386.21
$11.14
7.37
385.44
Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
N.A. = not available.
2
$11.18
7.38
387.95
$11.25
7.42
392.63
$11.24
7.40
388.90
p
■= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1994 benchmarks and updated
seasonal adjustment factors.
31
Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1990-95
Thousands
118,000
Thousands
118,000
116,000
116,000
114,000
114,000
112,000
H 112,000
110,000
H 110,000
108,000 h
H 108,000
1990
NOTE: Shaded area represents recession.
Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1990-95
Percent
8.0
Percent
8.0
1990
1991
NOTE: Shaded area represents recession. Household data beginning in January
1994 reflect: 1) The introduction of the results of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey questionnaire and collection methodology, and 2) the introduction of
population controls based on the 1990 census, adjusted for the estimated population
undercount, and are not directly comparable with data for prior years.
32
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninsti
tutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Annual averages
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
55.4
55.5
55.4
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
188,049
189,765
191,576
193,550
196,814
124,787
125,303
126,982
128,040
131,056
66.4
66.0
66.3
66.2
66.6
117,914
116,877
117,598
119,306
123,060
62.7
61.6
61.4
61.6
62.5
3,186
3,233
3,207
3,074
3,409
114,728
113,644
114,391
116,232
119,651
6,874
8,426
9,384
8,734
7,996
5.5
6.7
7.4
6.8
6.1
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted'
196,510
196,693
196,859
197,043
197,248
197,430
197,607
197,765
130,699
130,538
130,774
131,086
131,291
131,646
131,718
131,725
66.5
66.4
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.7
66.7
66.6
122,703
122,635
122,781
123,197
123,644
124,141
124,403
124,570
62.4
62.3
62.4
62.5
62.7
62.9
63.0
63.0
3,413
3,294
3,333
3,436
3,411
3,494
3,500
3,532
119,290
119,341
119,448
119,761
120,233
120,647
120,903
121,038
7,996
7,903
7,993
7,889
7,647
7,505
7,315
7,155
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
197,753
197,886
198,007
198,148
198,286
132,136
132,308
132,511
132,737
131,811
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.0
66.5
124,639
125,125
125,274
125,072
124,319
63.0
63.2
63.3
63.1
62.7
3,575
3,656
3,698
3,594
3,357
121,064
121,469
121,576
121,478
120,962
7,498
7,183
7,237
7,665
7,492
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.7
' Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
' Data, beginning in 1994, are not directly comparable with data for
1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of
the Current Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire and
34
collection methodology and the introduction of 1990 census-based
population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additional
information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1984 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
of
population
Percent
of
population
Number
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
63,835
64,411
65,422
66.207
66,927
67,840
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
70.7
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994 2
89,650
90,552
91,541
92,620
94,355
68,234
68,411
69,184
69,633
70,817
76.1
75.5
75.6
75.2
75.1
64,435
63,593
63,805
64,700
66,450
71.9
70.2
69.7
69.9
70.4
2,507
2,552
2,534
2,438
2,554
61,928
61,041
61,270
62,263
63,896
3.799
4,817
5,380
4,932
4,367
5.6
7.0
7.8
7.1
6.2
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1994:
May
June
July
August
September
October ....
November
December
94,196
94,294
94,377
94,469
94,576
94,671
94,768
94,851
70,545
70,521
70,655
70.741
70,791
71,133
71,168
71,379
74.9
74.8
74.9
74.9
74.9
75.1
75.1
75.3
66,197
66,255
66,226
66,458
66,682
67,059
67,244
67,483
70.3
70.3
70.2
70.3
70.5
70.8
71.0
71.1
2,570
2,511
2,507
2,578
2,515
2,584
2,599
2,607
63,627
63,744
63,719
63,880
64,167
64,475
64,645
64,876
4,348
4,266
4,429
4,283
4,109
4,074
3,924
3,896
6.2
6.0
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.5
94,749
94,818
94,879
94,952
95,024
71,476
71,558
71,673
71,655
71,255
75.4
75.5
75.5
75.5
75.0
67,386
67,709
67,811
67,588
67,110
71.1
71.4
71.5
71.2
70.6
2,648
2,727
2,750
2,622
2,481
64,738
64,981
65,062
64,966
64,630
4,090
3,849
3,862
4,067
4,145
5.7
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.8
1995:
January
February ...
March
April
May
Annual averages
WOMEN
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
49,709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
49.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
653
644
652
666
676
687
45,262
46.615
48,054
49.668
51,020
52,341
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994 ?
98,399
99,214
100,035
100,930
102,460
56,554
56,893
57,798
58,407
60,239
57.5
57.3
57.8
57.9
58.8
53,479
53,284
53,793
54,606
56,610
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
679
682
673
636
855
52,800
52,602
53,121
53,970
55,755
3.075
3,609
4,005
3,801
3,629
5.4
6.3
6.9
6.5
6.0
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1994:
May
June
July
August
September
October ....
November
December
102,314
102,399
102,482
102,575
102,672
102,758
102,839
102,913
60,154
60,017
60,119
60,345
60,500
60,513
60,550
60,346
58.8
58.6
58.7
58.8
58.9
58.9
58.9
58.6
56,506
56.380
56,555
56,739
56,962
57,082
57,159
57,087
55.2
55.1
55.2
55.3
55.5
55.5
55.6
55.5
843
783
826
858
896
910
901
925
55.663
55.597
55,729
55,881
56,066
56,172
56,258
56,162
3,648
3,637
3,564
3,606
3,538
3,431
3,391
3,259
6.1
6.1
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
1995:
January
February ...
March
April
May
103,004
103,068
103,128
103,197
103,263
60,660
60,750
60,638
61,082
60,556
58.9
58.9
59.0
59.2
58.6
57,252
57,416
57,462
57,484
57,208
55.6
55.7
55.7
55.7
55.4
927
929
948
972
877
56,325
56,488
56,514
56,512
56,332
3,408
3,334
3,375
3,598
3,347
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.5
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an
Comparability" under the Household Data section of
Estimates of Error.
?
Data, beginning in 1994, are not directly comparable
years because of the introduction of a major redesign of
explanation, see "Historical
the Explanatory Notes and
with data for 1993 and earlier
the Current Population Survey
(household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology and the introduction of
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For
additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1995
1994
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
Mar.
May
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
196,510 196,693 196,859 197,043 197,248 197,430 197,607 197,765 197,753 197,886 198,007 198,148 198,286
130,699 130,538 130,774 131,086 131,291 131,646 131,718 131,725 132,136 132,308 132,511 132,737 131,811
66.5
67.0
66.5
66.9
66.9
66.8
66.6
66.7
66.6
66.4
66.4
66.7
66.5
122,703 122,635 122,781 123,197 123,644 124,141 124,403 124,570 124,639] 125,125 125,274 125,072 124,319
62.7
63.1
62.4
63.3
63.0
63.2
63.0
63.0
62.7
62.4
62.3
62.9
62.5
7,996 7,903) 7,993! 7,889 7,647) 7,505 7,315 7,155 7,498) 7,183 7,237! 7,665" 7,492
5.7
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.7
6.1
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.8
6.1
6.1
6.0
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population' ....
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
94,196
70,545
74.9
66,197
70.3
2,570
63,627
4,348
6.2
23,651
94,294
70,521
74.8
66,255
70.3
2,511
63,744
4,266
6.0
23,773
94,377
70,655
74.9
66,226
70.2
2,507
63,719
4,429
6.3
23,722
94,469
70,741
74.9
66,458
70.3
2,578
63,880
4,283
6.1
23,728
94,576
70,791
74.9
66,6821
70.5
2,515
64,167
4,109
5.8
23,785
94,671
71,133
75.1
67,059
70.8
2,584
64,475
4,074
5.7
23,538
94,768
71,168
75.1
67,244
71.0
2,599
64,645
3,924
5.5
23,600
94,851
71,379
75.3
67,483
71.1
2,607
64,876
3,896
5.5
23,472
94,749
71,476
75.4
67,386
71.1
2,648
64,738
4,090
5.7
23,273
94,818
71,558
75.5
67,709
71.4
2,727
64,981
3,849
5.4
23,260
94,879
71,673
75.5
67,811
71.5
2,750
65,062
3,862
5.4
23,206
94,952
71,655
75.5
67,588
71.2
2,622
64,966
4,067
5.7
23,297
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population' ....
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
87,000
66,652
76.6
63,080
72.5
2,384
60,696
3,572
5.4
20,348
87,095
66,602
76.5
63,043
72.4
2,334
60,709
3,559
5.3
20,493
87,123
66,747
76.6
63,076
72.4
2,314
60,762
3,671
5.5
20,376
87,248
66,817
76.6
63,271
72.5
2,377
60,894
3,546
5.3
20,431
87,321
66,909
76.6
63,517
72.7
2,293
61,224
3,392
5.1
20,412
87,439
67,177
76.8
63,820
73.0
2,329
61,491
3,357
5.0
20,262
87,529
67,345
76.9
64,051
73.2]
2,377
61,674
3,294
4.9
20,184
87,617
67,450
77.0
64,281
73.4
2,410
61,871
3,169
4.7
20,167
87,528
67,539
77.2
64,133
73.3
2,390
61,743
3,406
5.0
19,990
87,572
67,552
77.1
64,478
73.6
2,512
61,965
3,074
4.6
20,020
87,622
67,643
77.2
64,465
73.6
2,519
61,946
3,178
4.7
19,979
87,664
67,563
77.1
64,224
73.3
2,384
61,840]
3,339
4.9]
20,101
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
102,314
60,154
58.8
56,506
55.2
843
55,663
3,648
6.1
42,160
102,399
60,017
58.6
56,380
55.1
783
55,597
3,637
6.1
42,382
103,004 103,068 103,128
60,660] 60,750' 60,838
59.0
58.9
58.9
57,252 57,416| 57,462
55.7
55.7
55.6
948
927
929
56,325 56,488 56,514
3,408 3,334 3,375
5.5
5.5
5.6
42,344 42,318 42,290
103,197
61,082
59.21
57,484
55.7
972
56,512
3,598
5.9)
42,115
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
95,329
56,545
59.3
53,481
56.1
789
52,692
3,064
5.4
38,784
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,181 14,191 14,267 14,251 14,269 14,261 14,257 14,274 14,263 14,294 14,348 14,385
7,502 7,552 j 7,491
7,522 7,351 7,518 7,389 7,550 7,646] 7,660 7,826| 7,814
54.3
52.9
52.7
51.8
53.6
52.5
54.5
53.6
51.5
53.2
52.9
52.8
6,142 6,264 6,164 6,204 6,083 6,231 6,223 6,252 6,372 6,313 6,567 6,446
44.8
43.7
43.6
43.8
44.7
45.8
44.2
42.6
43.2
44.1
43.3
43.5
285
273
240
308
266
245
271
302
229
221
2401
244
5,902 6,043 5,935 5,960 5,812 5,929] 5,950 6,012] 6,064 6,068 6,300 6,1601
1,166
1,274
1,369
1,260
1,347
1,287
1,298
1,268
1,327
1,288
1,360
1,318
16.1
17.5
17.6
15.8
16.7
17.1
17.2
17.2
17.7
17.1
18.1
17.5
6,679 6,639 6,776 6,729 6,918 6,743 6,868 6,724 6,617 6,634 6,522 6,571
95,407
56,384
59.1
53,328
55.9
739
52,589]
3,0561
5.4
39,023
102,482 102,575
60,119 60,345
58.8
58.7
56,555 56,739
55.3
55.2
8261
858
55,729 55,881
3,564 3,606
6.0
5.9
42,363 42,230
95,469
56,536
59.2
53,541
56.1
790
52,751
2,995
5.3
38,933
95,544
56,747
59.4
53,722
56.2
815
52,907
3,025
5.3
38,797
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3
36
102,672 102,758
60,500 60,513
58.9
58.9
56,962 57,082
55.5
55.5
910
896
56,066 56,172
3,538 3,431
5.7
5.8|
42,172 42,245
95,658
57,031
59.6
54,044
56.5
847
53,197
2,987
5.2
38,627
95,729
56,951
59.5
54,090
56.5
863
53,227
2,861
5.0
38,778
102,839 102,913
60,550 60,346
58.6
58.9
57,159 57,087
55.6|
55.5
925
901
56,258| 56,162
3,259
3,391
5.4
5.6
42,289 42,567
95,821
56,984
59.5
54,129
56.5
850
53,279
2,855
5.0
38,837
95,873
56,725
59.2
54,037
56.4
882
53,155
2,688
4.7
39,148
95,961
56,951
59.3
54,134
56.4
877
53,257
2,817
4.9
39,010
96,020
57,096
59.5
54,334
56.6
898
53,436
2,763
4.8
38,924
96,037
57,042
59.4
54,242
56.5
913
53,329]
2,8001
4.9
38,996
96,099
57,360]
59.7
54,403
56.6
925
53,477
2,957
5.2]
38,739
through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1995
1994
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
165,351 165,472 165,576 165,696 165,832 165,954 166,072 166,175 166,361 166,444 166,521 166,613
110,829 110,523 110,911 111,186 111,381 111,555 111,637 111,715 111,876 111,830 111,999 112,153
67.3
67.3
67.2J 67.2
67.2
67.2
67.1
67.2
67.2
66.8
67.0]
67.0
104,978) 104,687 105,006! 105,401 105,740 106,010 106,242 106,352 106,366 106,604 106,698 106,500
64.1
63.9
64.0
63.9
64.0
64.0
63.8
63.9
63.6
63.4
63.3
63.5
5,653
5,510
5,226 5,301
5,395
5,363
5,545
5,785 5,641
5,836
5,905
5,851
5.0
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.8
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
57,124 57,156 57,326 57,387 57,478 57,615 57,726 57,836 57,848 57,841 57,868 57,768
77.3
77.5
77.5
77.4
77.5
77.3
77.5
77.2
77.2
77.1
77.0
77.0
54,448 54,463 54,566 54,734 54,926 55,0611 55,242 55,384 55,289 55,508 55,448 55,225
73.9
74.2
74.1
74.3
73.8
74.1
74.2
73.6
73.9
73.3
73.4
73.4
2,544
2,420
2,333
2,559
2,552
2,554
2,484
2,452
2,760
2,676 2,693
2,653
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.7
4.3
4.2
4.7
4.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
47,286) 46,973 47,227 47,403 47,737 47,614 47,631 47,440 47,443 47,525 47,494 47,765
59.4
59.0
59.1
59.4
59.6
59.1
59.2;
59.4
59.1
58.8
59.0
59.2
45,103 44,747 45,016 45,204 45,560 45,535 45,569 45,475 45,419 45,581 45,515 45,622
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.5
56.8
56.8
56.7
56.5
56.9
56.5
56.0
56.3
1,978
1,944
2,143
2,024
2,079! 2,062
2,199 2,177
1,965
2,226 2,211
2,183
4.2
4.1
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.4]
4.3
4.1
4.7
4.7
4.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
6,419
57.1
5,427
48.3
992
15.5
17.0
13.7
6,394
56.8
5,477
48.6
917
14.3
15.1
13.6
6,358
56.3
5,424
48.1
934)
14.7
16.1
13.1
6,396
56.6
5,463
48.4
9331
14.6
15.4
13.7
6,166
54.6
5,254
46.5
912
14.8
16.2
13.3
6,326
56.0
5,414
47.9
912|
14.4
15.2
13.5
6,280
55.5
5,431
48.0
849
13.5
14.3
12.6
6,439 6,586
56.9
58.1
5,493
5,658
48.5
49.9
946 J
928
14.7
14.1
16.0
15.0
13.2
13.1
6,464
56.9
5,515
48.5
949
14.7
16.1
13.1
6,637
58.3
5,734
50.4
903
13.6
14.7
12.4
6,619
58.0
5,653
49.5
966]
14.6
15.3
13.8
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
22,824 22,855 22,883 22,917 22,955 22,990 23,023 23,052 23,089 23,117 23,142 23,169
14,510 14,481 14,380 14,429 14,477 14,649 14,578 14,541 14,697 14,868 14,818 14,938
64.5
64.0
63.7
63.1
63.3
63.0
63.7
63.1
63.4
62.8
64.3
63.6
12,810 12,838 12,767 12,795 12,927 13,022 13,054 13,119 13,192 13,362 13,370 13,337
57.8
57.6
56.7
57.1
56.3
55.8
56.6
56.9
55.8
56.2
56.1
57.8
1,524
1,448
1,601
1,550
1,634
1,505
1,613
1,627
1,422
1,643
1,700
1,505
10.7
9.8
11.3
10.7
11.3
11.2
10.5
9.8
10.2
11.7
11.1
10.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,709
73.3
6,017
65.8
692
10.3
6,600
72.0
5,939
64.8
661
10.0
6,561
71.7
5,880
64.2
681
10.4
6,570
71.5
5,898
64.2
672
10.2
6,637
72.1
5,989
65.1
648
9.8
6,706
72.7
6,069
65.8
637
9.5
6,702
72.6
6,085
65.9
617
9.2
6,722
72.7
6,165
66.7
557
8.3
6,997
61.0
6,296)
54.9
701
10.0
7,017
61.1
6,347
55.3
670
9.5
6,954
60.5
6,345
55.2
609
8.8
7,012
60.9
6,3561
55.2
656
9.4
7,001
60.7
6,368
55.2
633
9.0
7,033
60.9
6,384
55.3
649
9.2
7,012
60.7
6,390
55.3
622
8.9
7,002
60.5]
6,420
55.5
6,796
73.6
6,172
66.8
624
9.2
6,812
73.7
6,272
67.8
540
7.9
6,828]
73.8
6,297
68.0
531
7.8
6,826]
73.7
6,221
67.1
605
8.9
7,169
61.7
6,520
56.1
648 j
9.0j
7,131
61.3
6,482
55.7
7,205
61.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
7,127
61.4
6,521
56.2
606
5821
8.5
8.3
6491
9.1
6,5321
56.1
673
9.3
May
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1994
May
June
July
Aug.
1995
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
804
36.5
497
22.6
307
38.2
40.9
35.0
864
39.2
552
25.0
312
36.1
39.3
32.6
865
38.7
542
24.3
323
37.3
41.4
32.7
847
38.3
541
24.5
306
36.1
39.9
31.9
839
37.8
570
25.7
269
32.1
30.8
33.4
910
40.9
569
25.6
341
37.5
35.9
39.1
864
38.8
579
26.0
285
33.0
32.0
34.1
817
36.6
534
23.9
283
34.6
34.3
35.0
773
34.6
499
22.3
275
35.5
34.0
37.1
887
39.5
570
25.4
317
35.7
38.7
32.4
907
40.2
584
25.9
323
35.6
35.4
35.8
901
39 4
585
25 6
317
35 1
40.0
30.5
18,458 18,509
12,001 12,131
65.5
65.0
10,903 11,058
59.7
59.1
1,073
1,098
9.1
8.8
18,554
12,111
65.3
10,895
58.7
1,216
10.0
859
38.2
591
26.3
268
31.2
31.7
30.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment-population ratio
Unemployment rate
1
18,041 18,092 18,143 18,193 18,244 18,291 18,339 18,385 18,368 18,413
11,916 11,896 11,956 12,002 11,997 12,222 12,324 12,224 12,036 12,017
65.8
65.5
66.5
67.2
66.8
66.0
65.9
65.8
65.3
66.0
10,735 10,682 10,760 10,786 10,806 11,074 11,236 11,105 10,811 10,943
58.9
60.4
61.3
60.5
59.2
59.3
59.0
59.4
59.3
59.5
1,224
1,148
1,191
1,196
1,214
1,119
1,088
1,216
1,073
1,181
9.4
9.9
10.1
10.0
10.2
10.2
9.2
8.8
9.9
8.9
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
38
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1994
May
June
July
1995
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
100,240
59,054
57,864
41,236
40,484
1,892
100,703
59,175
58,061
41,566
40,822
1,820
100,913
59,501
58,332
41,425
40,687
1,894
101,030
59,677
58,524
41,355
40,593
1,913
101,213
60,032
58,841
41,152
40,409
1,963
101,099
59,833
58,632
41,281
40,538
1,929
101,321
60,065
58,832
41,227
40,528
1,961
101,735
60,103
58,898
41,486
40,760
2,077
101,644
59,870
58,674
41,666
40,914
2,057
May
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
99,576
58,580
57,476
40,994
40,241
1,859
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
23,167 23,135 22,967 22,957 23,106 23,243 23,495 23,447 23,544 23,553 23,518 23,370
7,566 7,488 7,396 7,431 7,560 7,617 7,677 7,592 7,604 7,527 7,521 7,630
5,557 5,494 5,432 5,421 5,542 5,534 5,620 5,579 5,538 5,499 5,486 5,462
15,594 15,634 15,538 15,532 15,461 15,683 15,830 15,878 15,937 16,068 15,933 15,808
99,389
58,696
57,508
40,727
39,920
1,961
99,781
58,808
57,600
41,035
40,300
1,881
13,326 13,350 13,241 13,247 13,289
4,284
4,291 4,294 4,289 4,275
13,421 13,575 13,583
4,288 4,300 4,285
13,566 13,670 13,480
4,440 4,384
4,552
13,491
4,418
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6,438
3,744
3,303
2,756
2,501
634
6,466
3,734
3,298
2,772
2,493
675
6,521
3,776
3,392
2,730
2,456
673
6,378
3,701
3,269
2,718
2,463
646
6,257
3,613
3,150
2,744
2,474
633
6,168
3,562
3,146
2,642
2,391
631
5,987
3,458
3,031
2,591
2,345
611
5,677
3,311
2,933
2,417
2,103
641
5,938
3,270
3,066
2,538
2,290
582
5,658
3,035
2,845
2,416
2,175
638
5,805
3,236
2,952
2,443
2,252
601
6,068
3,381
3,036
2,672
2,399
633
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,527
644
266
868
548
713
1,446
611
269
855
562
615
1,477
621
285
845
541
651
1,519 1,411
593
628
254
283
909
814
562
523
674 i
634
1,380
590
221
823
499
660
1,342
563
271
828
509
562
1,478
608
273
836
540
665
1,548
649
298
878
553
697
1,507
585
214
903
587
706 i
1,443
512
225
902
557
661
1,570
656
294
902
550
725
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6.1
6.0
5.4
6.3
5.9
25.4
6.1
6.0
5.4
6.4
5.9
25.6
6.1
6.0
5.6
6.2
5.7
26.4
6.0
5.9
5.3
6.2
5.7
25.5
5.8
5.8
5.1
6.2
5.7
25.8
5.8
5.6
5.1
6.0
5.6
25.0
5.6
5.5
4.9
5.9
5.5
24.2
5.3
5.2
4.7
5.5
4.9
24.6
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.8
5.3
23.2
5.3
4.8
4.6
5.5
5.1
24.5
5.4
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.2
22.4
5.6
5.3
4.9
6.0
5.5
23.5
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6.2
7.8
4.6
5.3
3.9
14.3
5.9
7.5
4.7
5.2
4.0
12.5
6.0
7.7
5.0
5.2
3.9
13.2
6.2
7.8
5.0
5.5
4.1
13.6
5.8
7.3
4.4
5.0
3.8
12.9
5.6
7.2
3.8
5.0
3.6
13.3
5.4
6.8
4.6
5.0
3.6
11.6
5.9
7.4
4.7
5.0
3.8
13.4
6.2
7.9
5.1
5.2
3.9
13.6
6.0
7.2
3.8
5.3
4.1
13.9
5.8
6.4
3.9
5.4
4.0
12.7
6.3
7.9
5.1
5.4
3.9
14.1
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor
force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication
prior to 1994.
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Category
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
122,703 122,635 122,781 123,197 123,644 124,141 124,403 124,570 124,639 125,125 125,274 125,072
41,330 41,313 41,281' 41,487 41,557 41,511 41,530 41,608 41,601 42,190 42,132 42,086
31,372 31,193 31,462 31,593 31,905 31,764 31,775 31,723 31,705 31,893 32,135 32,108
7,141
7,061
7,029
7,098
7,008
6,974
7,074
7,016
7,067
7,199
7,071
7,152
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
34,063 33,854 33,893 33,975
34,242 34,275 34,382 34,576 34,423 34,905 34,846 34,765
36,843 36,985 37,239 37,373 37,635 37,669 37,767 37,797 37,267 37,313 37,297 37,381
16,920 16,964 16,924 16,866 16,749 17,062 16,893 16,704 17,012 16,991 16,997 17,075
13,525 13,375 13,408 13,454 13,452 13,467 13,615 13,677 13,784 13,638 13,910 13,680
17,901 17,892 17,839 17,975 18,023 18,122 18,056 18,030 18,212 18,333 18,280 18,260
3,727
3,474
3,535
3,642
3,632
3,655
3,615
3,839
3,881
3,849
3,845
3,726
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,669
1,619
50
1,728
1,654
50
110,164 110,215 110,345
91,786 91,921 92,064
978
966
940
90,808 90,955 91,124
18,378 18,294 18,281
8,962
8,964
9,049
148
140
129
110,576
92,351
881
91,470
18,225
9,021
131
1,736
1,637
43
1,675
1,584
46
1,712
1,630
63
1,764
1,652
43
1,767
1,677
48
111,100 111,686 111,770
92,794 93,485 93,413
999
903
935
91,891 92,550 92,414
18,306 18,201 18,357
8,989
8,915
8,878
134
120
131
1,738
1,714
49
1,866
1,663
35
1,970
1,684
27
1,987
1,674
57
1,884
1,649
70
11,960 111,987 112,461
93,620 93,692 93,957
1,075
1,023
1,075
92,597 92,617 92,882
18,340 18,295 18,504
8,959
9,039
8,904
121
95
118
112,649
93,964
1,039
92,925
18,685
8,865
129
112,578
93,932
988
92,945
18,646
8,848
110
4,530
4,460
2,372 2,333
1,739
1,902
18,041 17,627
4,469
2,517
1,686
18,121
4,347
2,226
1,854
16,991
4,171
2,328
1,624
17,232
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,792
2,503
1,981
17,441
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,583 4,510
2,386 2,349
1,942
1,883
16,841 16,909
4,766
2,464
1,927
17,452
4,348
4,467
2,396
2,431
1,618
1,698
17,922 17,955
4,333
2,404
1,697
17,609
4,411
2,394
1,791
17,644
4,411
2,394
1,736
17,756
4,273
2,318
1,661
17,308
4,154
2,290
1,646
16,982
4,226
2,257
1,756
16,992
4,246
4,254
2,282
2,272
1,689
1,690
17,101 16,917
4,173
2,272
1,583
17,314
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their
jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or
industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who
40
4,422 4,693
2,384 2,504
1,777
1,734
17,576 17,940
4,430
2,359
1,737
17,307
4,187
2,216
1,687
17,381
usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week
for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Age and sex
May
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
June
July
Sept.
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
122,703 122,635 122,781 123,197 123,644 124,141 124,403 124,570 124,639 125,125 125,274 125,072
18,924 19,074 18,842 18,951
6,204
6,264
6,164
6,142
2,566
2,518
2,514
2,489
3,657
3,730
3,656
3,665
12,782 12,810 12,678 12,747
103,792 103,511 103,908 104,262
88,929 88,685 89,041 89,408
14,923 14,822 14,808 14,912
18,872 19,102
6,083 6,231
2,550
2,636
3,551
3,569
12,789 12,871
104,814 105,031
89,869 90,029
14,956 15,020
19,053 19,157 19,174
6,223
6,252 6,372
2,601
2,588
2,533
3,612
3,653
3,809
12,830 12,905 12,803
105,340 105,434 105,471
90,348 90,380 90,331
15,111 15,083 15,109
66,197 66,255 66,226 66,458 66,682 67,059 67,244 67,483 67,386
19,062 19,226 19,126
6,313
6,567
6,446
2,532
2,595
2,556
3,769
3,955
3,886
12,749 12,660 12,680
106,039 106,123 105,939
90,850 90,964 90,777
15,084 15,102 15,057
67,709
67,811
67,588
9,985 10,110 10,052 10,115 10,024 10,113 10,172 10,155
9,955
9,857
9,975
9,905
3,165
3,239
3,187
3,150
3,212
3,193
3,117
3,202
3,254
3,346
3,231
3,364
1,335
1,390
1,301
1,294
1,270
1,369
1,259
1,350
1,315
1,283
1,287
1,318
1,9031 1,837 1,834 1,821
1,867
1,923
1,861
2,017
1,845
1,946
2,043
1,934
6,768 6,820 6,871
6,707
6,763
6,826
6,859 6,913
6,788
6,791
6,771
6,881
56,291 56,270 56,348 56,526 56,691 56,969 57,187 57,388 57,339 57,661 57,662 57,441
48,153 48,105 48,108 48,268 48,468 48,647 48,857 48,945 48,926 49,238 49,270 49,023
8,411
8,278
8,366
8,332 8,402
8,249
8,162
8,152
8,142
8,435
8,429
8,352
56,506
56,380 56,555 56,739
56,962
57,082 57,159
57,087 57,252 57,416
57,462 57,484
8,887
8,992 9,001
8,996
8,985
9,099
9,019
9,042 9,150
9,054
8,950
8,971
2,918
3,030
2,992
3,017
3,014
3,052
3,025
3,050
3,220
3,082
3,118
3,082
1,215
1,232
1,246
1,265
1,220
1,248
1,230
1,238
1,281
1,246
1,250
1,238
1,714
1,791
1,735
1,754
1,789
1,807
1,804
1,808
1,937
1,836
1,863
1,843
5,969
5,971
6,000
5,979
5,971
6,047
5,994
5,992
5,833
5,868
6,032
5,890
47,501 47,241 47,560 47,736 48,123 48,062 48,153 48,046 48,131 48,378 48,461 48,497
40,776 40,580 40,933 41,140 41,401 41,382 41,491 41,435 41,405 41,613 41,694 41,753
6,678
6,709
6,688
6,646 6,663
6,670
6,781
6,648
6,691
6,732
6,680
6,691
A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Age and sex
May
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
7,996
7,903
7,993
7,889
7,647
7,505
7,315
7,155
7,498
7,183
7,237
7,665
2,718
1,360
639
716
1,358
5,272
4,624
647
2,640
1,288
633
681
1,352
5,261
4,598
619
2,696
1,327
642
679
1,369
5,278
4,629
646
2,720
1,318
636
678
1,402
5,197
4,538
646
2,598
1,268
592
674
1,330
5,084
4,528
583
2,564
1,287
572
721
1,277
4,992
4,435
610
2,450
1,166
539
624
1,284
4,926
4,297
615
2,513
1,298
573
728
1,215
4,717
4,130
539
2,464
1,274
633
629
1,190
4,971
4,365
606
2,525
1,347
662
680
1,178
4,603
4,082
532
2,531
1,260
649
591
1,272
4,653
4,101
555
2,571
1,369
663
724
1,202
5,059
4,485
599
4,348
4,266
4,429
4,283
4,109
4,074
3,924
3,896
4,090
3,849
3,862
4,067
1,540
776
364
408
764
2,797
2,414
375
1,450
707
350
383
743
2,810
2,424
355
1,529
758
342
409
771
2,880
2,488
389
1,529
737
340
392
792
2,782
2,408
363
1,437
717
322
390
720
2,696
2,359
336
1,431
717
309
406
714
2,682
2,343
352
1,346
630
271
361
716
2,626
2,249
349
1,411
727
313
411
684
2,551
2,217
306
1,366
684
338
329
682
2,672
2,352
347
1,391
775
376
388
616
2,420
2,136
309
1,350
684
334
344
665
2,480
2,187
319
1,365
728
365
393
637
2,676
2,308 j
372
3,648
3,637
3,564
3,606
3,538
3,431
3,391
3,259
3,408
3,334
3,375
3,598
1,178
584
275
308
594
2,475
2,210
272
1,190
581
283
298
609
2,451
2,174
264
1,167
569
300
270
598
2,398
2,141
257
1,1911
581
296
286
610
2,415
2,130
283
1,161
551
270
284
610
2,388
2,169
247
1,133
570
263
315
563
2,310
2,092
258
1,104j 1,102
536
571
268
260
263
317
5681
531
2,300 2,166
2,048 1,913
266
233
1,098
591
294
300
508
2,299
2,014
259
1,133
571
286
292
562]
2,183
1,946
223
1,182
575
315
247
606
2,174
1,914
236
May
1,206
641
298
331
566
2,383!
2,177
227
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
1994
1995
Age and sex
May
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
42
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.8
12.6
18.1
20.4
16.3
9.6
4.8
4.9
4.2
12.2
17.1
20.1
15.4
9.5
4.8
4.9
4.0
12.5
17.7
20.3
15.7
9.7
4.8
4.9
4.2
12.6
17.5
19.9
15.6
9.9
4.7
4.8
4.2
12.1
17.2
18.8
16.0
9.4
4.6
4.8
3.8
11.8
17.1
17.8
16.8
9.0
4.5
4.7
3.9
11.4
15.8
17.2
14.7
9.1
4.5
4.5
3.9
11.6
17.2
18.1
16.6
8.6
4.3
4.4
3.5
11.4
16.7
20.0
14.2
8.5
4.5
4.6
3.9
11.7
17.6
20.7
15.3
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4
11.6
16.1
20.0
13.0
9.1
4.2
4.3
3.5
11.8
17.5
20.6
15.7
8.7
4.6
4.7
3.8
6.2
6.0
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.4
5.7
13.5
19.9
22.4
18.0
10.1
4.7
4.8
4.4
12.7
18.0
21.6
16.6
9.9
4.8
4.8
4.2
13.4
19.4
20.9
18.0
10.3
4.9
4.9
4.5
13.3
18.8
20.7
17.1
10.5
4.7
4.8
4.2
12.6
18.5
19.4
17.5
9.5
4.5
4.6
3.9
12.4
18.1
18.2
18.1
9.4
4.5
4.6
4.1
11.8
16.5
16.5
16.5
9.5
4.4
4.4
4.0
12.2
18.5
18.8
18.2
9.0
4.3
4.3
3.5
12.0
17.4
20.9
14.5
9.1
4.5
4.6
4.0
12.1
19.4
22.6
16.7
8.2
4.0
4.2
3.6
11.7
17.0
20.2
14.6
8.9
4.1
4.2
3.7
11.8
17.8
21.7
16.1
8.6
4.5
4.5
4.3
6.1
6.1
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.9
11.6
16.2
18.3
14.6
9.0
5.0
5.1
3.9
11.6
16.0
18.5
14.2
9.1
4.9
5.1
3.8
11.5
15.9
19.7
13.1
9.1
4.8
5.0
3.7
11.7
16.1
19.0
14.0
9.3
4.8
4.9
4.1
11.6
15.9
18.2
14.2
9.3
4.7
5.0
3.6
11.2
16.0
17.4
15.4
8.6
4.6
4.8
3.7
10.9
15.0
17.9
12.8
8.7
4.6
4.7
3.8
10.9
15.8
17.4
14.9
8.1
4.3
4.4
3.4
10.7
15.9
19.1
13.9
7.8
4.6
4.6
3.7
11.2
15.6
18.7
13.7
8.7
4.3
4.5
3.2
11.5
15.2
19.8
11.3
9.4
4.3
4.4
3.4
11.9
17.2
19.4
15.2
8.8
4.7
5.0
3.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
1994
1995
Category
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept,
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
6.1
5.4
5.4
18.1
6.1
5.3
5.4
17.1
6.1
5.5
5.3
17.7
6.0
5.3
5.3
17.5
5.8
5.1
5.2
17.2
5.7
5.0
5.0
17.1
5.6
4.9
5.0
15.8
5.4
4.7
4.7
17.2
5.7
5.0
4.9
16.7
5.4
4.6
4.8
17.6
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.1
5.3
10.6
11.7
9.9
5.3
10.4
11.3
10.2
5.3
10.3
11.2
10.0
5.2
10.6
11.3
10.1
5.1
10.2
10.7
9.9
5.0
10.4
11.1
9.4
4.8
9.8
10.5
8.8
4.8
9.2
9.8
9.2
4.9
9.5
10.2
10.2
4.7
9.4
10.1
8.9
4.7
9.2
9.8
9.1
3.7
4.1
8.9
3.6
4.2
8.8
3.6
4.0
7.9
3.5
4.1
8.8
3.4
4.0
8.9
3.3
4.0
8.9
3.2
3.9
8.7
3.2
3.7
8.8
3.4
3.7
8.9
3.0
3.6
8.1
3.2
3.9
7.6
2.4
5.2
6.5
8.9
7.7
3.0
5.1
6.2
8.6
7.1
2.7
4.8
5.9
9.3
9.4
2.6
4.9
6.1
8.8
8.6
2.5
4.7
6.0
8.4
8.2
2.5
4.5
5.8
8.5
8.4
2.4
4.6
5.6
8.3
7.5
2.3
4.3
5.7
8.2
7.8
2.3
4.6
5.8
8.2
7.8
2.2
4.4
5.4
7.6
7.2
2.5
4.3
5.2
7.5
8.0
6.4
6.9
6.0
11.7
5.6
5.3
5.9
6.1
4.9
7.4
3.6
6.0
3.5
8.8
6.3
6.9
6.1
11.7
5.5
5.2
5.9
6.0
4.9
7.2
3.7
5.9
3.7
8.6
6.3
6.8
6.0
11.1
5.6
5.5
5.8
6.1
5.1
7.5
3.7
5.9
3.4
12.1
6.1
6.5
5.0
10.7
5.3
5.3
5.3
6.0
4.8
7.4
3.7
5.7
3.6
11.1
6.0
6.5
5.1
10.7
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.8
4.5
7.0
4.3
5.5
3.2
11.1
5.9
6.4
4.7
10.7
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.7
4.4
7.2
3.4
5.3
3.2
10.3
5.9
6.3
4.5
10.7
5.1
4.3
6.0
5.7
4.6
7.0
3.6
5.4
2.7
10.4
5.6
6.2
3.9
10.9
4.9
4.6
5.4
5.4
4.2
6.7
2.9
5.2
3.1
11.1
5.7
6.4
5.1
11.7
4.7
4.2
5.4
5.4
4.7
6.6
2.9
5.2
3.2
10.7
5.5
5.8
5.2
10.5
4.4
3.9
5.0
5.4
4.5
6.4
3.5
5.2
2.8
9.1
5.5
6.0
6.1
10.8
4.5
4.2
4.9
5.4
4.5
6.2
3.3
5.3
2.7
10.5
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle
and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
43
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1995
Reasons for unemployment
May
June
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
3,658
1,061
2,598
694
2,488
597
3,339, 3,352
1,025 1,032
2,314 2,320
773 811
2,474 2,430
582 604
May
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,640 3,734 3,863 3,706 3,574 3,513 3,495 3,442
811
931 1,031 1,012 824 848 881
930
2,829 2,803 2,832 2,694 2,750 2,665 2,614 2,512
796 788 770 786 874 755 710 704
2,863 2,785 2,766 2,758 2,620 2,626 2,575 2,525
611
498 594 621
600 614 578 555
3,532 3,614
1,145 958
2,387 2,657
817 870
2,779 2,458
637 522
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
46.0 47.8 48.3 47.1 46.6 46.8 47.5 47.6 49.2 46.6 46.6 45.5 48.4
10.3 11.9 12.9 12.9 10.7 11.3 12.0 12.9 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.7 12.8
35.8 35.9 35.4 34.2 35.9 35.5 35.5 34.8 34.9 32.3 32.2 30.7 35.6
10.1 10.1
9.6 10.0 11.4 10.1
9.7
9.6
9.3 10.8 11.3 10.5 11.7
36.2 35.7 34.6 35.0 34.2 35.0 35.0 34.9 33.4 34.5 33.8 35.8 32.9
6.4
7.7
7.9
7.8
7.4
8.2
7.7
7.9
81
.
8.0
8.4
7.0
8.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
2.8
.6
2.2
.5
Reentrants
N e w entrants
A-12.
2.9
.6
21
.
.4
3.0
.6
21
.
.5
2.8
.6
2.1
.5
2.7
.7
2.0
.5
2.7
.6
2.0
.5
2.7
.5
2.0
.4
2.6
.51
1.9
.4
2.8
.5
1.9
.5
2.5
.6|
1.9
.4
2.5
.6
1.8
.5
2.7
.6
21
.
.5
2.7
.7
1.9
.4
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1995
Duration
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
2,651
2,461
2,853
1,160
1,693
2,754
2,452
2,740
1,193
1,547
2,768
2,365
2,823
1,234
1,589
2,655
2,572
2,773
1,198
1,575
2,675
2,294
2,768
1,213
1,555
2,434
2,256
2,934
1,344
1,590
2,599
2,163
2,661
1,187
1,474
2,587
2,149
2,456
1,088
1,368
2,937
2,122
2,386
1,033
1,353
2,600
2,165
2,298
1,090
1,207
2,523
2,319
2,266
920
1,347
2,629
2,430
2,505
1,115
1,390
2,598
2,304
2,585
1,282
1,303
19.4
9.2
18.4
9.1
19.0
9.2
18.9
9.2
18.8
9.5
19.3
10.1
18.2
9.1
17.8
8.7
16.7
7.9
16.9
7.8
17.5
7.9
17.7
8.5
16.9
9.0
100.0
33.3
30.9
35.8
14.6
21.3
100.0
34.7
30.9
34.5
15.0
19.5
100.0
34.8
29.7
35.5
15.5
20.0
100.0
33.2
32.1
34.7
15.0
19.7
100.0
34.6
29.6
35.8
15.7
20.1
100.0
31.9
29.6
38.5
17.6
20.9
100.0
35.0
29.1
35.8
16.0
19.9
100.0
36.0
29.9
34.1
15.1
19.0
100.0
39.4
28.5
32.0
13.9
18.2
100.0
36.8
30.7
32.5
15.4
17.1
100.0
35.5
32.6
31.9
12.9
18.9
100.0
34.8
32.1 i
33.1
14.7 I
18.4
100.0
34.7
30.8
34.5
17.1
17.4
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
44
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Employed
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
198,286
14,454
7,359
7,095
17,905
113,826
40,896
19,073
21,823
42,141
22,081
20,060
30,789
17,383
13,406
20,712
10,876
9,836
31,389
9,734
8,597
13,058
131,739
7,542
3,093
4,450
13,599
95,028
34,147
15,848
18,299
35,765
18,692
17,073
25,116
14,596
10,520
11,745
7,363
4,382
3,825
2,130
1,068
627
66.4
52.2
42.0
62.7
76.0
83.5
83.5
83.1
83.9
84.9
84.7
85.1
81.6
84.0
78.5
56.7
67.7
44.6
12.2
21.9
12.4
4.8
124,554
6,147
2,410
3,737
12,397
91,018
32,390
14,986
17,404
34,262
17,884
16,378
24,366
14,130
10,236
11,321
7,077
4,244
3,673
2,033
1,023
617
95,024
7,333
3,768
3,564
8,851
55,909
20,148
9,370
10,778
20,727
10,890
9,837
15,034
8,525
6,509
9,843
5,215
4,628
13,088
4,411
3,765
4,911
71,188
3,876
1,589
2,287
7,328
51,352
18,783
8,700
10,083
19,157
10,086
9,071
13,412
7,772
5,640
6,467
4,068
2,399
2,166
1,169
616
381
74.9
52.9
42.2
64.2
82.8
91.8
93.2
92.8
93.6
92.4
92.6
92.2
89.2
91.2
86.7
65.7
78.0
51.8
16.5
26.5
16.4
7.8
103,263
7,121
3,591
3,531
9,054
57,917
20,748
9,703
11,045
21,414
11,191
10,222
15,755
8,858
6,897
10,869
5,661
5,208
18,302
5,323
4,832
8,147
60,551
3,666
1,504
2,162
6,271
43,676
15,363
7,148
8,216
16,609
8,606
8,002
11,704
6,824
4,880
5,278
3,295
1,984
1,660
961
453
246
58.6
51.5
41.9
61.2
69.3
75.4
74.0
73.7
74.4
77.6
76.9
78.3
74.3
77.0
70.8
48.6
58.2
38.1
9.1
18.0
9.4
3.0
Percent
of
population
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
62.8
42.5
32.7
52.7
69.2
80.0
79.2
78.6
79.8
81.3
81.0
81.6
79.1
81.3
76.4
54.7
65.1
43.1
11.7
20.9
11.9
4.7
3,558
300
131
169
331
2,163
805
377
428
770
447
323
589
307
282
384
210
174
380
177
114
89
120,996
5,846
2,278
3,568
12,066
88,855
31,585
14,609
16,976
33,492
17,437
16,055
23,777
13,823
9,954
10,936
6,866
4,070
3,293
1,855
910
528
7,185
1,395
683
67,227
3,127
1,217
1,910
6,665
49,143
17,822
8,233
9,589
18,345
9,649
8,696
12,975
7,497
5,479
6,219
3,907
2,312
2,075
1,119
583
373
70.7
42.6
32.3
53.6
75.3
87.9
88.5
87.9
89.0
88.5
88.6
88.4
86.3
87.9
84.2
63.2
74.9
50.0
15.9
25.4
15.5
7.6
2,634
256
117
139
278
1,525
596
246
350
514
298
216
415
227
189
271
145
126
305
136
92
77
64,593
2,871
1,100
1,771
6,387
47,618
17,227
7,987
9,239
17,831
9,351
8,480
12,560
7,270
5,290
5,947
3,761
2.186
1,770
983
491
296
3,961
749
372
57,327
3,020
1,193
1,827
5,732
41,875
14,568
6,753
7,815
15,917
8,235
7,682
11,390
6,633
4,757
5,102
3,170
1,931
1,598
914
440
244
55.5
42.4
33.2
51.8
63.3
72.3
70.2
69.6
70.8
74.3
73.6
75.2
72.3
74.9
69.0
46.9
56.0
37.1
8.7
17.2
9.1
3.0
924
45
14
30
53
638
209
131
78
256
149
107
173
80
93
113
65
48
75
41
22
12
56,404
2,975
1,178
1,797
5,679
41,237
14,358
6,621
7,737
15,661
8,086
7,575
11,217
6,553
4,664
4.989
3,105
1,884
1,523
873
419
232
Total
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
712
1,203
4,010
1,757
862
895
1,503
808
695
750
466
284
425
286
139
153
97
45
10
5.5
18.5
22.1
16.0
8.8
4.2
5.1
5.4
4.9
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.0
3.2
2.7
3.6
3.9
3.2
4.0
4.6
4.2
1.6
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
8
5.6
19.3
23.4
16.5
9.1
4.3
5.1
5.4
4.9
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.3
3.5
2.9
3.8
4.0
3.6
4.2
4.3
5.3
2.1
3,224
646
311
335
539
1,801
796
395
401
691
371
320
313
191
123
177
124
52
61
47
12
2
5.3
17.6
20.7
15.5
8.6
4.1
5.2
5.5
4.9
4.2
4.3
4.0
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.4
3.8
2.6
3.7
4.9
2.7
.9
378
663
2,209
961
467
494
812
437
375
436
275
161
248
161
86
91
51
33
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
166,708
11,432
5,809
5,623
14,376
94,828
33,422
15,485
17,937
35,140
18,323
16,817
26,265
14,722
11,543
17,969
9,382
8,586
28,104
8,550
7,693
11,861
111,494
6,415
2,662
3,754
11,255
80,088
28,221
13,076
15,145
30,192
15,673
14,519
21,675
12,518
9,157
10,288
6,422
3,865
3,449
1,905
971
573
66.9
56.1
45.8
66.8
78.3
84.5
84.4
84.4
84.4
85.9
85.5
86.3
82.5
85.0
79.3
57.3
68.4
45.0
12.3
22.3
12.6
4.8
106,116
5,400
2,153
3,247
10,410
77,067
26,943
12,449
14,493
29,052
15,081
13,971
21,073
12,147
8,925
9,921
6,180
3,741
3,317
1,817
936
564
80,622
5,836
2,988
2,848
7,193
47,162
16,686
7,723
8,964
17,524
9,151
8,374
12,951
7,288
5,663
8,642
4,551
4,091
11,789
3,918
3,379
4,493
60,971
3,318
1,380
1,938
6,104
43,823
15,714
7,270
8,444
16,408
8,590
7,818
11,701
6,716
4,985
5,762
3.601
2,162
1,964
1,050
563
351
75.6
56.9
46.2
68.0
84.9
92.9
94.2
94.1
94.2
93.6
93.9
93.4
90.3
92.1
88.0
66.7
79.1
52.8
16.7
26.8
16.7
7.8
86,087
5,596
2,821
2,775
7,183
47,666
16,736
7,763
8,973
17,616
9,172
8,444
13,314
7.434
5,880
9,327
4,831
4,495
16,315
4,633
4,314
7,368
50,523
3,097
1,281
1,816
5,151
36,265
12,507
5,806
6,701
13,783
7,082
6,701
9,974
5,802
4.172
4,525
2,821
1,704
1,485
855
408
222
58.7
55.3
45.4
65.4
71.7
76.1
74.7
74.8
74.7
78.2
77.2
79.4
74.9
78.1
71.0
48.5
58.4
37.9
9.1
18.4
9.5
3.0
Employed
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
|
Not
in
labor
force
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
63.7
47.2
37.1
57.7
72.4
81.3
80.6
80.4
80.8
82.7
82.3
83.1
80.2
82.5
77.3
55.2
65.9
43.6
11.8
21.3
12.2
4.8
3,285
284
120
165
303
1,986
744
355
389
707
414
293
535
268
267
360
192
167
352
159
108
85
102,831
5,116
2,033
3,083
10,107
75,082
26,199
12,094
14,104
28,345
14,667
13,678
20,538
11,879
8,659
9,562
5,988
3,574
2,965
1,658
828
479
5,378
1,015
509
506
844
3,021
1,279
627
652
1,140
592
548
602
371
231
366
242
124
132
88
36
9
4.8
15.8
19.1
13.5
7.5
3.8
4.5
4.8
4.3
3.8
3.8
3.8
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.6
3.8
3.2
3.8
4.6
3.7
1.5
55,214
5,017
3,147
1,870
3,121
14,740
5,201
2,409
2,792
4,949
2,650
2,299
4,590
2,204
2,386
7,681
2,960
4,721
24,656
6,646
6,722
11,288
57,960
2,784
1,103
1,680
5,640
42,109
14,974
6,915
8,059
15,790
8,252
7,538
11,344
6,496
4,848
5,541
3,458
2,083
1,886
1,006
537
343
71.9
47.7
36.9
59.0
78.4
89.3
89.7
89.5
89.9
90.1
90.2
90.0
87.6
89.1
85.6
64.1
76.0
50.9
16.0
25.7
15.9
7.6
2,407
242
107
135
254
1,374
539
225
314
467
272
194
369
193
176
253
130
123
285
125
86
73
55,552
2,542
997
1,545
5,386
40,735
14,436
6,690
7,746
15,324
7,980
7,344
10,975
6,303
4,672
5,288
3,328
1,960
1,601
881
451
269
3,011
535
277
257
464
1,714
740
355
384
618
338
280
356
220
137
221
143
79
78
44
26
8
4.9
16.1
20.1
13.3
7.6
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.8
4.0
3.6
4.0
4.2
4.7
2.2
19,650
2,518
1,608
910
1,089
3,339
972
452
520
1,116
560
556
1,251
572
678
2,880
950
1,929
9,825
2,868
2,815
4,142
48,156
2,617
1,050
1,567
4,770
34.958
11,968
5,534
6,434
13,262
6,829
6,432
9,728
5,651
4,077
4,380
2,722
1,658
1,431
811
399
221
55.9
46.8
37.2
56.5
66.4
73.3
71.5
71.3
71.7
75.3
74.5
76.2
73.1
76.0
69.3
47.0
56.3
36.9
8.8
17.5
9.2
3.0
877
43
13
29
49
612
205
130
75
240
142
98
166
75
91
107
62
45
68
34
22
12
47.279
2,574
1,037
1,538
4,721
34,347
11,763
5,404
6,359
13,021
6,687
6,334
9,563
5,576
3,987
4,273
2,660
1,614
1,363
777
377
210
2,367
480
231
249
381
1,307
539
272
267
522
253
269
246
152
94
145
99
46
54
44
9
1
4.7
15.5
18.1
13.7
7.4
3.6
4.3
4.7
4.0
3.8
3.6
4.0
2.5
2.6
2.3
3.2
3.5
2.7
3.6
5.1
2.3
.4
35,564
2,499
1,540
960
2,032
11,401
4,229
1,957
2,272
3,833
2,090
1,743
3,339
1,631
1,708
4.802
2,010
2,792
14,831
3,778
3,906
7,146
Total
Percent
of
population
WHITE
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
I
Men
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
Women
35 to 39 years
46
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
57.2
22.9
15.6
30.7
55.7
73.1
73.3
71.7
74.8
73.6
73.8
73.3
71.8
72.9
70.4
49.8
60.0
38.0
10.6
18.1
9.6
4.2
97
10
7
3
8
61
17
6
11
26
12
13
18
8
9
11
9
2
7
7
1
13,178
515
176
339
1,405
9,972
3,903
1,826
2,077
3,774
2,043
1,732
2,295
1,353
941
1,022
655
366
264
158
66
41
1,449
327
146
181
298
776
383
184
200
293
183
110
100
75
25
32
21
10
16
7
61.8
20.2
13.5
27.4
59.8
78.6
81.1
79.1
82.9
77.6
78.0
77.3
76.1
78.0
73.4
53.7
66.3
38.8
14.1
23.0
11.0
6.3
9
7
2
8
55
16
6
11
21
11
10
18
8
21
10
7
2
7
7
1
6,324
222
73
148
676
4,820
1,927
892
1,035
1,808
986
822
1,086
653
433
473
315
158
134
81
32
21
765
187
77
110
171
384
182
89
93
149
79
70
53
44
8
13
8
6
11
6
5
6,853
294
103
191
729
5,152
1,976
935
1,042
1,967
1,057
910
1,209
700
509
549
341
208
130
76
33
20
Percent
of
labor
force
684
140
69
71
127
392
Number
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years ....
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
23,192
2,288
1,176
1,112
2,539
13,726
5,345
2,554
2,790
5,163
2,783
2,379
3,218
1,868
1,350
2,077
1,107
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years ....
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
10,385
1,139
969
2,564
907
697
961
592
547
1,142
6,202
2,396
1,135
1,261
2,355
1,279
1,077
1,451
848
603
899
486
413
1,003
382
302
319
14,723
851
329
523
1,711
10,809
4,304
2,016
2,288
4,093
2,238
1,854
2,412
1,437
975
1,065
686
379
287
171
75
41
7,177
417
157
260
854
5,259
2,125
986
1,139
1,977
1,075
902
1,156
705
451
496
330
166
152
93
39
20
63.5
37.2
27.9
47.0
67.4
78.7
80.5
78.9
82.0
79.3
80.4
77.9
75.0
76.9
72.2
51.3
61.9
39.1
11.2
18.9
10.7
43
.
69.1
36.6
26.5
47.5
74.8
84.8
88.7
86.9
90.3
84.0
84.1
83.8
79.7
83.2
74.8
55.1
67.8
40.2
15.2
24.5
12.7
63
.
13,274
525
183
342
1,413
10,032
3,920
1,832
2,088
3,800
2,055
1,745
2,312
1,362
950
1,033
665
369
271
164
67
40
6,413
230
80
150
684
4,875
1,943
897
1,045
1,829
997
832
1,103
661
442
483
322
161
142
88
33
20
9.8
38.4
44.3
34.6
17.4
7.2
8.9
9.1
8.7
7.2
8.2
5.9
4.1
5.2
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.7
5.6
4.0
10.7
1
()
10.7
44.8
49.0
42.3
20.0
3,208
1
()
O
722
435
287
288
943
271
149
122
378
203
175
295
142
152
404
156
247
851
289
264
298
73
.
86
.
90
.
82
.
75
.
73
.
78
.
46
.
63
.
19
.
26
.
23
.
33
.
69
.
59
.
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
12,807
1,149
585
565
1,396
7,524
2,949
1,420
1,530
2,807
1,505
1,303
1,767
1,020
748
1,177
621
556
1,561
525
394
642
7,546
434
172
263
857
5,550
2,179
1,030
1,149
2,115
1,163
952
1,256
731
525
569
356
213
135
78
36
21
58.9
37.8
29.4
46.5
61.4
73.8
73.9
72.5
75.1
75.4
77.3
73.1
71.1
71.7
70.2
48.4
57.3
38.3
87
.
14.8
92
.
33
.
6,862
295
103
191
729
5,157
1,977
935
1,043
1.971
1,058
913
1,209
701
508
551
343
208
130
76
33
20
53.6
25.6
17.6
33.9
52.2
68.5
67.0
65.8
68.2
70.2
70.3
70.1
68.4
68.7
68.0
46.8
55.1
37.4
8.3
14.6
8.4
3.1
201
95
106
144
105
39
47
31
17
19
14
5
6
1
3
1
91
.
I
5,262
32.2
39.9
27.1
14.9
715
413
302
539
71
.
92
.
92
.
92
.
68
.
90
.
41
.
38
.
42
.
31
.
33
.
39
.
23
.
41
.
17
.
1,974
1
()
0
771
390
381
692
342
350
512
289
223
608
265
343
1,426
447
358
621
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
47
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
196,510
130,602
66.5
122,946
3,611
119,335
7,656
5.9
65,908
198,286
131,739
66.4
124,554
3,558
120,996
7,185
5.5
66,547
87,000
66,742
76.7
63,368
2,527
60,841
3,374
5.1
20,258
87,691
67,312
76.8
64,101
2,379
61,722
3,212
4.8
20,379
95,329
56,569
59.3
53,676
836
52,839
2,894
5.1
38,759
96,141
56,885
59.2
54,307
879
53,428
2,578
4.5
39,256
14,181
7,290
51.4
5,902
247
5,655
1,388
19.0
6,890
165,351
110,769
67.0
105,183
3,337
101,846
5,587
5.0
54,581
166,708
111,494
66.9
106,116
3,285
102,831
5,378
4.8
55,214
74,210
57,209
77.1
54,683
2,294
52,389
2,525
4.4
17,001
74,786
57,653
77.1
55,176
2,166
53,011
2,477
4.3
17,133
79,894
47,273
59.2
45,245
806
44,439
2,028
4.3
32,621
80,491
47,426
58.9
45,539
835
44,704
1,886
4.0
33,065
11,246
6,288
55.9
5,254
237
5,018
1,033
16.4
4,959
22,824
14,420
63.2
12,743
167
12,576
1,677
11.6
8,404
23,192
14,723
63.5
13,274
97
13,178
1,449
9.8
8,469
9,149
6,715
73.4
6,036
151
5,886
679
10.1
2,434
9,246
6,760
73.1
6,183
80
6,103
578
8.5
2,486
11,473
6,951
60.6
6,269
12
6,257
682
9.8
4,522
11,658
7,111
61.0
6,567
8
6,559
544
7.7
4,547
2,201
754
34.2
438
4
434
316
41.9
1,448
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
48
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time
Unemployed
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
TOTAL ENROLLED
16,348
11,269
5,079
8,178
5,167
3,011
50.0
45.9
59.3
7,098
4,304
2,795
1,436
424
1,012
5,662
3,879
1,783
1,080
863
216
391
257
133
High school
College
Full-time students ..,
Part-time students...
9,441
6,907
5,750
1,157
4,099
4,079
3,070
1,009
43.4
59.1
53.4
87.2
3,338
3,760
2,797
963
238
1,199
596
603
3,100
2,562
2,201
361
761
318
273
45
199
192
166
25
Men, 16 to 24 years.,
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
8,132
5,722
2,410
4,023
2,569
1,453
49.5
44.9
60.3
3,474
2,134
1,340
779
246
533
2,695
1,888
607
548
435
113
205
131
74
High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students.
4,932
3,200
2,673
527
2,130
1,892
1,417
475
43.2
59.1
53.0
90.2
1,732
1,742
1,294
448
150
629
328
300
1,582
1,113
965
148
150
123
27
112
93
73
20
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
8,216
5,547
2,670
4,156
2,598
1,558
50.6
46.8
58.4
3,624
2,169
1,455
657
178
479
2,967
1,991
976
531
428
103
186
127
59
High school
College
Full-time students....
Part-time students...
4,509
3,707
3,077
631
1,969
2,187
1,653
534
43.7
59.0
53.7
84.6
1,606
2,018
1,503
515
87
570
267
302
1,519
1,449
1,236
213
363
168
150
19
88
12,976
8,934
4,043
6,982
4,446
2,536
53.8
49.8
62.7
6,160
3,792
2,368
1,206
359
847
4,954
3,433
1,521
822
654
168
303
196
107
Men
Women.
6,537
6,440
3,466
3,516
53.0
54.6
3,044
3,116
670
536
2,374
2,580
422
400
159
143
High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.
7,394
5,583
4,615
967
3,507
3,474
2,614
861
47.4
62.2
56.6
89.0
2.930
3,230
2,403
827
183
1,023
501
522
2,747
2,207
1,901
306
578
244
211
33
157
145
128
17
2,394
1,751
643
545
311
35.8
31.1
48.3
638
368
271
146
42
104
493
326
167
218
178
40
75
54
21
Men
Women.,
1,109
1,285
390
466
35.2
36.3
286
353
60
225
267
104
113
41
34
High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.
1,567
827
710
117
457
399
308
91
29.2
48.2
43.4
77.3
302
336
257
79
32
114
64
50
270
222
193
30
155
63
51
12
36
38
31
7
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1,814
1,283
531
738
432
306
40.7
33.6
57.7
591
319
271
215
61
155
375
259
116
148
112
35
55
32
23
936
878
388
350
41.4
39.9
292
111
105
188
187
89
58
32
23
1,132
682
478
204
322
416
242
174
28.4
61.1
50.7
85.4
213
377
209
168
47
168
56
112
166
209
153
57
109
39
33
6
38
17
13
4
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women.
High school .
College.
Full-time students .
Part-time students.
See footnotes at end of table.
49
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Full
Part
Looking
for
full-time
work
Total
Looking
for
part-time
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
16,011
3,185
12,826
12,963
2,375
10,588
81.0
74.6
82.6
11,445
1,843
9,602
9,460
1,258
8,202
1,985
585
1,400
1,518
532
1,341
455
886
178
77
100
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,928
6,469
4,229
1,384
2,579
5,333
3,762
1,289
65.7
82.4
88.9
93.1
1,998
4,751
3,456
1,239
1,584
3,951
2,812
1,113
414
801
644
126
581
582
518
511
306
50
263
49
63
71
43
1
Men, 16 to 24 years..
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
8,052
1,611
6,442
7,181
1,307
5,875
89.2
81.1
91.2
6,317
5,518
746
4,772
799
246
553
864
314
550
795
283
512
2,111
3,442
1,935
1,715
3,163
81.2
91.9
91.8
93.3
1,368
2,809
1,645
495
1,166
2,487
1,414
451
202
322
232
43
347
355
132
31
324
324
116
563
1,777
526
7,959
1,575
6,384
5,782
1,068
4,713
72.6
67.9
73.8
5,128
851
4,277
3,942
512
3,430
1,186
339
847
654
218
436
546
172
373
108
46
63
1,817
3,027
2,294
821
864
2,170
1,985
763
47.6
71.7
86.5
92.9
1,943
1,811
744
418
1,464
1,398
662
212
479
412
83
234
227
174
19
193
187
147
18
41
40
27
1
12,831
2,498
10,333
10,688
1,969
8,719
83.3
78.8
84.4
9,651
1,608
8,042
7,996
1,093
6,903
1,654
515
1,139
1,038
361
677
904
300
134
61
73
Men
Women.
6,493
6,339
5,956
4,732
91.7
74.6
5.380
4,271
4,712
3,285
986
576
461
524
380
52
82
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
2,920
5,192
3,489
1,230
2,058
4,350
3,130
1,150
70.5
83.8
89.7
93.4
1,681
3,953
2,898
1,119
1,335
3,295
2,364
1,002
345
658
534
116
378
397
232
48
50
36
31
330
347
196
32
2,432
537
1,895
1,706
306
1,299
157
1,142
1.039
106
933
260
51
1,400
70.1
57.0
73.9
209
407
149
258
369
134
236
37
15
22
Men
Women.
1,172
1,260
881
825
75.2
65.5
628
671
532
507
96
164
253
154
238
132
15
22
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
738
1,028
342
786
490
46.4
76.4
85.1
97.3
177
620
426
75
126
508
335
70
52
112
91
5
165
165
64
12
20
5
13
153
145
59
13
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
576
90
992
5,325
23
31
16
31
Hispanic origin
2,555
591
1,964
1,876
399
1,476
73.4
67.6
75.2
1,626
286
1,340
1.383
228
1.155
243
58
185
250
113
137
221
100
121
29
13
15
Men
Women.
1,348
1,207
1,227
649
91.0
53.7
1,073
553
942
440
131
112
154
96
134
87
20
9
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,325
827
368
35
916
614
316
29
69.1
74.3
86.0
1
758
550
290
647
474
234
27
111
75
56
1
158
65
26
151
45
24
1
6
20
2
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
50
()
1
groups will not sum to totals because data for tt ie "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
May 1995
Employed
1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Age, sex, and race
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Looking
for
full-time
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
101,252
1,683
197
1,486
99,569
9,214
90,355
79,617
10,738
89,575
1,315
146
1,169
88,260
8,081
80,179
70,849
9,330
8,785
294
47
247
8,491
910
7,581
6,634
947
2,892
73
4
70
2,818
223
2,595
2,134
461
23,303
4,464
2,213
2,252
18,839
3,183
15,656
11,401
4,255
3,097
263
44
219
2,834
575
2,259
1,969
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
59,775
992
58,782
5,305
53,478
46,905
6,572
53,660
778
52,882
4,730
48,152
42,364
5,789
4,576
175
4,401
475
3,926
3,431
495
1,539
39
1,500
100
1,399
1,110
41,477
690
40,787
3,909
36,878
32,712
4,166
35,915
537
35,378
3,351
32,027
28,485
3,542
4,209
119
4,090
436
3,655
3,203
452
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
51,585
878
50,707
4,504
46,203
40,326
5,877
46,360
690
45,670
4,035
41,635
36,466
5,170
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
34,149
574
33,574
3,246
30,328
26,779
3,549
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
290
18,891
4,009
2,068
1,941
14,883
2,430
12,452
8,782
3,670
7,453
2,134
5,318
1,360
3,959
2,238
1,721
1,347
132
1,215
277
939
804
135
5,744
1,924
3,820
1,019
2,801
1,337
1,465
361
78
283
65
218
97
121
1,353
34
1,319
123
1,196
1,024
172
15,850
2,330
13,520
1,823
11,697
9,163
2,534
1,750
132
1,619
299
13,147
2,084
11,063
1,412
9,651
7,446
2.205
953
114
839
113
726
552
174
2,397
3,884
149
3,734
377
3,357
2,910
446
1,341
39
1,302
92
1,210
951
260
6,375
1,905
4,470
1,137
3,333
1,783
1,550
1,073
118
956
204
752
640
112
5,021
1,728
3,292
2.568
2,412
1,079
1,333
281
59
222
53
169
64
105
29,485
451
29,035
2,777
26,258
23,262
2,996
3,590
95
3.495
380
3.115
2,719
396
1,073
29
1,045
90
955
798
156
14,007
2,042
11,965
1,524
10,441
8,179
2,262
1,421
114
893
107
786
103
683
519
164
1,700
1.070
938
132
11,693
1,821
9,872
1,184
8,688
6,721
1,967
5,649
72
5,576
520
5,056
4,564
493
5,021
56
4,965
441
4,524
4,085
440
492
17
476
72
404
366
38
135
135
7
128
113
15
764
158
606
164
443
311
131
202
5
197
67
130
113
17
499
137
362
89
273
172
101
63
15
47
8
40
27
13
677
126
552
153
399
381
18
5,552
76
5.476
517
4,959
4,506
453
4,868
52
4,816
457
4,359
3,954
404
466
17
449
36
413
377
36
218
6
212
25
187
175
12
1.310
219
1,091
212
879
651
227
240
16
224
52
173
155
18
1,032
38
4
34
5
29
23
6
557
62
495
104
391
372
19
1,320
1,165
155
1,315
5,807
192
101
92
712
214
498
1,122
5,095
1,019
4,076
3,616
177
945
650
295
459
3,410
413
2,996
586
2,410
2,126
284
299
2,098
433
1,666
1.490
175
White
1.306
236
880
277
2.291
406
1,885
1,634
251
219
1,481
304
1,177
1,035
142
Black
55 years and over
1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual
weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the
reference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual
199
832
155
677
473
204
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for
working part time.
51
H O U S E H O L D DATA
N O T SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A - 1 7 . Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
May
1994
May
1995
16 years
and over
May
1994
Women
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
122,946] 124,554 66,340
67,227
63,368
64,101
56,606
57,327
53,676
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial...
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
34,105
16,346
620
11,496
4,230
17,758
1,856
1,113
549
923
2,748
856
4,519
869
4,326
35,273
16,984
700
11,988
4,297
18,289
1,880
1,138
538
970
2,770
937
4,794
871
4,392
17,575
9,259
339
6,948
1,972
8,315
1,686
770
385
735
387
513
1,105
650
2,084
18,422
9,798
361
7,371
2,066
8,624
1,723
786
396
757
425
543
1,209
628
2,158
17,493
9,235
339
6,928
1,967
8,258
1,683
768
385
735
387
513
1,102
649
2,037
18,306
9,748
361
7,324
2,064
8,558
1,723
786
396
756
423
540
1,190
628
2,116
16,530
7,087
281
4,548
2,258
9,443
170
342
164
188
2,361
343
3,414
218
2,242
16,851
7,186
339
4,616
2,230
9,665
157
352
142
214
2,345
394
3,585
243
2,233
16,393
7,036
281
4,505
2,251
9,357
170
340
164
188
2,360
339
3,375
212
2,208
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
36,807
3,761
1,538
1,207
1,016
14,624
4,552
2,250
1,494
6,250
77
18,423
675
527
4,149
2,222
935
9,914
37,189
3,896
1,643
1,126
1,127
14,974
4,528
2,386
1,585
6,397
78
18,318
686
498
4,091
2,263
1,049
9,732
13,130
1,788
265
930
593
7,546
2,931
1,298
1,141
2,159
17
3,797
269
206
90
193
576
2,462
13,405
1,941
374
880
687
7,705
2,776
1,388
1,257
2,266
18
3,759
290
200
75
152
666
2,376
12,581
1,769
262
917
589
7,136
2,908
1,289
1,134
1,788
17
3,676
269
201
84
193
558
2,372
12,757
1,928
371
872
685
7,244
2,760
1,376
1,256
1,834
18
3,585
290
196
74
151
645
2,229
23,677
1,973
1,273
277
423
7,078
1,621
953
353
4,092
60
14,626
406
321
4,059
2,029
359
7,452
23,784
1,955
1,269
246
440
7,269
1,752
998
328
4,131
60
14,560
396
298
4,016
2,111
383
7,356
22,218
1,946
1,260
268
418
6,115
1,607
948
345
3,163
54
14,157
406
309
3,980
2,005
353
7,104
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
16,890
783
2,192
13,915
5,970
2,131
2,945
2,869
16,953
712
2,194
14,047
5,870
2,345
2,900
2,932
6,752
20
1,868
4,864
2,505
272
1,557
529
6,672
20
1,860
4,792
2,391
287
1,536
578
5,830
14
1,842
3,974
1,808
263
1,431
472
5,702
15
1,830
3,858
1,695
262
1,416
485
10,138
763
323
9,051
3,465
1,859
1,388
2,339
10,280
692
334
9,255
3,479
2,059
1,363
2,354
9,040
684
304
8,052
2,742
1,781
1,342
2,187
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.
13,516
4,488
5,029
3,999
13,465
4,371
5,060
4,034
12,225
4,251
4,921
3,052
12,260
4,191
4,946
3,123
11,999
4,156
4,824
3,019
12,029
4,119
4,835
3,075
1,291
237
108
947
1,205
180
113
912
1,252
231
102
920
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
17,802
7,688
5,249
3,958
1,292
4,865
732
4,133
17,899
7,933
5,153
3,924
1,229
4,813
715
4,098
13,571
4,827
4,709
3,482
1,227
4,035
703
3,333
13,460
4,975
4,617
3,453
1,163
3,868
690
3,178
12,630
4,701
4,608
3,391
1,217
3,321
641
2,679
12,625
4,830
4,508
3,364
1,144
3,287
648
2,639
4,231
2,861
541
475
65
830
30
800
4,440
2,958
536
471
65
945
25
920
4,084
2,798
530
465
65
756
30
726
3,826
1,524
2,301
3,775
1,512
2,263
3,087
1,123
1,964
3,008 I 2,835
1,128
1,095
1,880
1,740
2,680
1,081
1,599
738
402
337
767
384
383
689
390
299
Total .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
52
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race
Men
Women
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
122,946
100.0
124,554
100.0
66,340
100.0
67,227
100.0
56,606
100.0
27.7
13.3
14.4
28.3
13.6
14.7
27.4
14.6
29.2
29.9
29.9
26.5
14.0
12.5
19.8
2.7
11.4
5.7
10.2
0
0
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
3.1
11.9
15.0
13.7
.6
1.8
11.3
11.0
14.5
6.3
4.3
4.0
3.1
3.1
12.0
14.7
13.6
.6
1.8
11.3
10.8
14.4
6.4
4.1
3.9
3.0
12.8
19.9
2.9
11.5
5.6
9.9
2.8
7.3
18.4
20.5
7.3
7.1
6.1
4.7
2.8
7.1
18.2
20.0
7.4
6.9
5.8
4.5
12.5
16.7
41.8
3.5
12.5
25.8
17.9
1.3
.6
16.0
2.3
7.5
5.1
1.0
1.5
1.3
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
105,183
100.0
106,116
100.0
57,330
100.0
57,960
100.0
47,852
100.0
28.8
29.5
13.9
14.4
15.1
30.1
3.1
12.5
27.5
14.6
28.6
15.5
13.1
20.2
10.3
10.3
11.4
13.8
5.8
4.2
3.8
3.3
11.2
13.4
5.9
4.0
3.6
3.2
2.6
6.4
19.1
19.7
6.9
6.9
5.8
4.8
2.7
6.2
18.8
18.9
7.0
6.5
5.3
4.7
30.3
13.0
17.3
42.5
3.4
13.1
26.0
16.7
1.2
.5
15.0
2.2
6.8
4.5
.9
1.4
1.5
12,743
100.0
13,274
100.0
6,258
100.0
6,413
100.0
6,485
100.0
18.8
8.7
10.1
28.9
2.9
8.1
17.9
22.6
1.1
3.2
18.3
8.0
20.0
9.0
5.8
5.2
1.7
19.5
8.9
10.6
15.9
8.4
7.5
19.0
1.9
7.3
9.8
17.3
8.5
8.8
18.0
2.4
7.0
19.4
17.3
21.6
9.0
12.6
38.4
3.8
8.8
25.8
25.6
2.1
1.1
22.4
2.3
11.7
8.1
1.5
2.1
.3
14.9
30.1
3.0
12.4
14.6
12.5
.6
1.6
14.5
12.5
.5
1.7
12.9
19.8
2.7
11.9
5.2
2.9
12.1
5.2
9.0
O
0
8.9
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
28.8
2.9
8.9
16.9
21.6
.8
2.9
17.9
8.0
21.0
9.2
6.2
5.6
1.2
0
5.3
14.1
14.0
28.5
10.0
10.2
8.3
3.2
8.6
O
4.3
13.0
14.4
30.7
10.4
11.2
9.1
2.3
Less than 0.05 percent.
53
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
May 1995
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
3,558
677
7,519
20,182
11,734
8,448
121
97
1,051
2,749
1,641
1,108
90
81
164
1,708
1,108
600
8,542
25,747
5,032
20,716
1,178
2,309
561
1,748
474
531
101
430
8,172
44,138
901
43,237
29,981
6,019
2,227
5,889
5
5,884
3,711
1,363
265
13,931
7
13,924
12,476
1,045
37
23
34
601
380
221
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
Total
Executive,
Adminis
Techni
em
adminis
trative Private
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
Sales support, house
and
sional
service1
and
specialty related
including hold
manaclerical
support
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
54
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Preci
sion
Machine
produc
oper
Handlers,
tion,
Transpor
ators,
equipment |
craft,
tation
assem
cleaners,
and
and
blers,
helpers, j
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspec
laborers
tors
14
4
81
782
318
464
143
54
403
2,016
1,025
991
6
. 5
32
281
150
130
25
240
4,338
3,781
2,636
1,145
17
28
89
6,397
3,503
2,894
54
103
536
717
352
365
22
37
763
1,042
528
515
309
253
172 [10,700
47 2,037
126 8,663
2,223
2,383
837
1,546
237
4,854
44
4,810
1,197
1,379
309
1,071
107
419
185
234
2,072
1,010
437
572
483
1,882
400
1,482
147 2,001
2,331 1,122
1
2,330 1,122
1,964
185
241
17
2,927
6,788
16
6,772
5,063
1,381
284
8,916
78
8,838
5,402
1,627
196
2,086
10
2,076
485
222
16
827
9
608
5
603
363
45
15
544
16
527
76
26
712
712
827
172
32
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
May 1995
Nonagricultural industries
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage
Unpaid
Selfand
employed family
salary
workers workers
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Private
household
workers
Other
private
industries
Selfemployed I
Government workers
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,852
201
72
130
284
540
382
243
120
83
1,649
83
53
31
40
259
375
336
263
292
57
16
7
8
8
6
13
9
1
5
111,981
5,727
2,229
3,498
11,772
29,783
30,808
21,563
9,683
2,645
93,230
5,531
2,173
3,357
10,770
25,751
24,880
16,445
7,712
2,143
890
82
55
28
88
139
218
140
142
81
92,340
5,448
2,118
3,330
10,682
25,612
24,662
16,305
7,570
2,062
18,751
196
56
141
1,002
4,032
5,929
5,119
1,971
502
8,894
102
40
62
289
1,782
2,642
2,196
1,246
637
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,416
164
62
102
235
421
259
185
85
67
1,186
79
50
29
35
174
249
230
186
234
32
13
6
7
8
59,142
2,807
1,080
1,727
6,217
16,186
16,214
11,224
5,152
1,344
50,769
2,736
1,060
1,676
5,798
14,351
13,663
8,890
4,209
1,122
104
18
12
6
16
16
24
10
15
4
50,665
2,718
1,048
1,670
5,782
14,335
13,639
8,879
4,194
1,118
8,374
71
20
51
419
1,835
2,550
2,334
943
221
5,430
59
16
42
170
1,038
1,613
1,335
794
421
436
38
10
28
49
119
123
58
34
16
463
5
3
2
5
85
126
106
77
59
25
2
52,839
2,920
1,149
1,771
5,556
13,597
14,595
10,339
4,531
1,301
42,461
2,794
1,113
1,682
4,972
11,400
11,216
7,555
3,503
1,020
786
65
43
22
71
123
193
129
127
77
41,675
2,730
1,070
1,659
4,901
11,277
11,023
7,426
3,376
943
10,378
126
36
90
584
2,197
3,378
2,784
1,027
281
3,464
44
24
20
118
744
1,028
861
452
216
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
55
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A - 2 1 . Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
May 1995
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Agriculture
Percent distribution
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
Agriculture
120.348
116,956
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.872
1,231
4.954
15,067
8,619
1,118
112
277
497
232
28,754
1,119
4,677
14,570
8,387
24.8
1.0
4.1
12.5
7.2
33.0
3.3
8.2
14.7
6.8
24.6
1.0
4.0
12.5
7.2
90,476
9,116
42,964
38,397
14,233
13,784
10,380
Average hours persons who usually work full time
3,392
2,274
143
586
1,545
264
405
876
88,202
8,973
42,378
36.851
13.968
13,380
9,503
75.2
7.6
35.7
31.9
11.8
11.5
8.6
67.0
4.2
17.3
45.5
7.8
11.9
25.8
75.4
7.7
36.2
31.5
11.9
11.4
8.1
39.4
43.6
43.1
51.4
39.3
43.4
_
redesigned survey.
NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sum
to the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the
A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
56
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Usually
Total
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
29,872
8,785
21,087
28,754
8,461
20,293
4,351
1,424
1,192
2,927
1.208
4,199
2,298
1,349
1,134
2,850
1,164
1.689
30
1,659
68
174
41
174
24,555
871
2,399
1,689
74
188
188
25,521
884
5,739
726
7,361
18,160
87
797
4,970
726
6,234
115
769
5,546
2,949
61
656
6,385
2,949
61
656
2,723
3,662
678
6,028
1,760
2,889
63
554
6,167
23.0
21.1
25.1
25.3
22.0
19.4
23.1
21.2
1,886
6,119
1,886
1,659
26
7,112
87
751
17,443
784
108
5,920
1,760
4,794
678
2,889
63
554
2,660
3,508
25.3
25.4
22.1
19.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total 16 years and over
116,956
28,754
Wage and salary workers
108,430
Industry and class of worker
Average hours
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
4,199
7,112
17,443
88,202
39.3
25,846
3,739
6,590
15,516
82,585
39.3
612
47
5
26
15
565
48.5
5,992
1,107
354
478
274
4,885
40.5
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,132
11,128
8,005
2,222
1,170
1,053
413
194
219
1,148
694
455
661
282
379
16,910
9,958
6,952
42.4
43.0
41.7
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
7,837
23,111
7,261
1,149
7,630
1,322
188
1,119
137
450
931
471
512
5,579
713
6,688
15,481
5,940
42.4
37.3
40.0
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
38,679
870
37,809
5,806
11,469
503
10,966
901
1,477
84
1,393
46
2,498
37
2,461
588
7,494
382
7,112
268
27,211
367
26,844
4,905
37.7
29.1
37.9
40.9
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
8,404
121
2,834
74
457
2
516
5
1,861
66
5,570
47
39.2
31.1
Mining
Construction
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
57
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Industry and class of worker
Total
at
work
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
For
economic
reasons
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
116,956
5,597
2,187
3,410
111,359
11,674
99,685
86,140
13,545
28,754
4,283
2,037
2,246
24,471
3,670
20,801
16,349
4,453
4,199
325
56
269
3,874
765
3,109
2,713
396
7,112
190
27
164
6,922
629
6,292
5,524
768
17,443
3,767
1,954
1,813
13,676
2,275
11,400
8,112
3,288
88,202
1,314
150
1,164
86,888
8,004
78,883
69,791
9,092
39.3
23.6
17.4
27.6
40.1
36.7
40.5
41.1
36.4
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
62,795
2,769
1,074
1,695
60,025
6,230
53,795
46,441
7,355
10,635
2,009
987
1,022
8,625
1,622
7,004
5,180
1,823
2,026
170
32
137
1,856
399
1,457
1,273
184
3,498
109
18
91
3,390
283
3,106
2,712
395
5,110
1,731
937
794
3,380
939
2,440
1,195
1,245
52,160
760
87
673
51,400
4,608
46,792
41,260
5,531
42.4
25.1
18.7
29.3
43.2
38.6
43.7
44.4
39.3
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
54,161
2,828
1,113
1,715
51,333
5,444
45,889
39,699
6,190
18,119
2,274
1,050
1,224
15,846
2,048
13,798
11,168
2,630
2,173
155
23
132
2,018
366
1,652
1,439
212
3,613
82
9
73
3,532
346
3,186
2,812
374
12,333
2,037
1,018
1,019
10,296
1,336
8,960
6,917
2,043
36,042
554
63
491
35,488
3,396
32,092
28,531
3,560
35.8
22.1
16.2
25.9
36.5
34.6
36.8
37.4
33.0
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
99,402
54,025
45,377
24,864
9,050
15,813
3,434
1,644
1,790
6,034
2,958
3,076
15,396
4,449
10,947
74,538
44,974
29,564
39.4
42.6
35.5
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
12,724
6,126
6,598
2,809
1,126
1,683
553
269
284
816
402
414
1,440
455
985
9,915
5,000
4,915
38.6
40.3
37.1
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
39,388
6,955
16,452
4,754
1,033
4,848
835
278
912
2,282
406
810
1,636
349
3,125
34,634
5,922
11,605
44.2
42.8
37.7
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
30,193
10,772
13,195
10,105
2,866
5,149
928
511
735
2,024
839
750
7,153
1,516
3,664
20.089
7,907
8,047
35.7
38.1
34.1
Race
Marital status
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
58
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1995
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
For
economic! Usually
reasons
work
full
time
Worked
35 hours
or more
at
work
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Total
116,749
28,669
4,165
7,075
17,429
88,081
39.3
34,206
16,518
17,688
35,972
3,773
14,476
17,723
16,273
696
2,069
13,508
13,034
17,264
7,654
4,956
4,654
6,183
2,183
4,000
10,100
834
4,114
5,152
6,838
412
359
6,066
1,932
3,616
1,205
941
1,470
646
180
466
1,071
71
492
508
1,102
58
43
1,001
543
803
303
162
338
2,167
1,004
1,164
2,138
290
559
1,289
765
22
118
625
904
1,101
507
257
337
3,370
999
2,371
6,891
473
3,063
3,355
4,971
333
198
4,440
486
1,711
394
522
795
28,023
14,335
13,688
25,872
2,939
10,361
12,572
9,435
284
1,710
7,442
11,101
13,648
6,449
4,016
3,183
42.3
44.2
40.5
37.7
39.5
39.3
35.9
34.1
29.0
42.3
33.1
41.9
40.1
40.6
42.9
36.5
62,440
10,491
2,008
3,450
5,033
51,949
42.4
17,965
9,562
8,404
13,097
1,900
7,523
3,673
6,435
20
1,759
4,656
11,897
13,046
4,834
4,454
3,757
2,153
872
1,280
2,240
296
1,190
754
1,979
11
249
1,718
1,698
2,421
593
709
1,120
301
95
206
282
20
169
92
366
3
27
336
511
548
133
138
277
960
454
506
620
146
215
259
268
15,813
8,689
7,123
10,857
1,605
6,333
2,919
4,456
9
1,510
2,938
10,199
10,624
4,242
3,746
2,637
45.3
46.8
43.7
42.5
42.0
44.2
39.3
37.4
98
171
815
786
286
235
265
891
323
569
1,338
130
806
403
1,345
9
125
1,211
372
1,087
173
336
578
54,309
18,177
2,157
3,625
12,395
36,132
35.8
16,241
6,956
9,285
22,875
1,873
6,952
14,050
9,839
676
311
8,852
1,137
4,218
2,820
502
897
4,030
1,310
2,720
7,859
538
2,924
4,397
4,859
401
110
4,348
234
1,194
612
232
350
345
85
260
789
51
323
415
736
55
16
665
32
255
170
24
61
1,207
549
658
1,518
144
343
1,030
496
22
21
454
89
316
221
22
72
2,478
676
1,802
5,553
343
2,257
2,953
3,627
324
73
3,229
114
624
221
186
217
12,211
5,646
6,565
15,016
1,334
4,028
9,653
4,979
275
200
4,504
902
3,024
2,208
270
546
38.9
40.5
37.6
34.9
37.0
34.1
35.0
31.9
29.0
35.5
32.0
39.1
36.9
38.2
34.4
34.2
Usually
work
part
time
Total
at
work
ft
43.5
35.1
42.1
41.2
42.0
43.9
37.0
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
59
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
4,158
1,503
513
2,141
3,961
5.9
3.5
6.5
11.0
White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,103
1,240
378
1,485
3,011
Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
866
178
120
569
765
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
May
1994
May
1995
5.6
3.2
7.0
10.3
3,498
1,181
825
1,492
3,224
1,134
716
1,374
5.8
3.6
6.7
9.9
5.1
3.3
5.8
9.3
4.9
3.0
6.7
9.0
2,484
970
571
942
2,367
924
544
898
4.9
3.4
5.9
8.0
511
12.2
5.5
10.5
20.6
10.7
4.9
8.5
18.2
811
111
203
497
684
132
143
410
11.1
4.5
9.9
17.8
2,601
1,398
473
730
2,548
1,296
545
707
4.4
3.4
6.2
7.3
4.2
3.1
7.0
6.9
2,276
1,031
759
487
2,039
973
661
405
4.6
3.3
6.4
6.7
White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,994
2,013
1,151
1,070
435
508
3.9
3.1
5.6
6.2
3.9
2.9
6.8
6.2
1,630
851
528
251
1,506
798
498
210
3.9
31
.
5.6
4.8
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
483
170
109
203
407
145
8.3
5.5
6.9
4.6
488
90
173
9.9
8.3
12.6
10.4
181
213
417
103
141
173
81
.
41
.
91
.
12.4
60
349
494
1,378
559
2,024
1,133
445
1,433
161
93
95
May
1994
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A - 2 7 . Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Total
Total
Occupation
May
1994
Total, 16 years and over1
Unemployment rates
May
1995
Men
Women
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
7,656
7,185
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.8
828
391
437
766
419
347
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.1
2.4
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.0
2.5
2.7
2.3
2,001
144
917
939
1,801
118
798
884
5.2
3.7
5.9
4.9
4.6
2.9
5.1
4.6
4.7
4.0
4.6
5.1
4.0
2.8
4.0
4.7
5.4
3.4
7.3
4.8
1,406
63
91
1,251
1,351
130
7.4
15.4
3.9
7.5
8.0
89
1,132
7.7
7.5
4.0
8.3
0
885
222
482
182
839
163
477
199
6.1
4.7
8.7
4.4
5.9
3.6
8.6
4.7
1,615
581
333
701
155
546
1,561
648
296
617
156
462
8.3
7.0
6.0
12.6
8.0
Farming, forestry, and fishing
223
264
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
656
432
101
122
567
419
67
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
8.2
9.8
6.2
4.6
8.7
4.3
3.6
9.5
7.3
7.4
5.3
7.4
5.9
3.6
8.7
4.2
5.5
6.2
11.7
4.6
7.7
5.5
5.9
12.2
17.4
11.0
7.8
6.6
5.7
11.4
17.8
9.9
10.1
9.4
6.8
14.5
11.7
7.6
5.4
11.4
17.9
10.1
5.5
6.5
5.4
6.5
6.0
17.4
3.8
(2)
0
14.3
81
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
61
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Total
May
1994
Total
May
1995
Men
Women
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
7,656
7,185
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.8
5,963
5,732
6.1
5.8
6.2
5.9
6.1
47
635
38
721
6.7
10.5
5.6
11.3
7.1
10.9
5.0
11.7
4.6
6.4
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
1,093
590
51
36
31
34
57
75
92
126
45
80
39
49
503
142
34
96
35
75
53
43
24
1,084
579
57
25
22
38
80
47
111
102
47
55
27
70
504
123
60
96
31
64
65
48
17
5.3
4.9
7.4
5.5
5.1
4.3
4.4
3.0
4.9
5.5
3.6
7.9
5.3
7.9
5.7
7.3
5.2
9.3
4.5
4.0
4.1
5.2
6.8
5.2
4.8
7.7
4.0
3.5
4.8
6.0
2.0
5.8
4.6
3.7
5.8
3.8
10.0
5.8
7.2
8.1
8.7
3.9
3.6
4.8
5.6
4.2
4.7
4.5
7.9
4.6
5.3
4.3
4.7
2.8
3.4
4.7
3.2
6.6
6.0
6.5
5.0
6.2
4.0
9.5
4.4
3.3
4.8
4.2
5.9
4.5
4.4
8.0
2.7
3.2
3.8
4.9
2.1
5.9
4.3
3.1
5.8
3.3
9.4
4.7
5.5
3.3
7.1
2.7
5.0
4.0
5.5
4.7
6.5
6.2
4.2
7.4
4.8
4.3
3.2
3.8
7.2
8.9
5.4
13.9
4.2
9.7
6.8
9.2
6.4
9.3
4.8
5.0
2.6
7.4
8.3
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
316
230
86
1,834
217
1,617
265
1,773
675
1,098
257
182
75
1,665
220
1,444
276
1,691
590
1,101
4.5
5.5
3.0
7.3
4.8
7.8
3.6
5.9
3.7
9.0
3.7
4.3
2.8
6.5
4.6
7.0
3.6
5.4
3.1
8.8
4.8
5.9
2.7
6.6
4.3
7.3
3.3
6.5
3.7
9.0
3.9
4.5
2.8
6.1
3.6
6.9
3.9
5.7
3.2
8.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
8.1
6.2
8.4
3.7
5.4
3.7
9.1
127
910
656
184
702
567
6.5
3.0
9.0
2.3
6.4
3.0
9.4
2.5
6.8
3.0
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
62
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
May
1994
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
Total,
16 years
and over
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
White
May
1994
Black
May
1995
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
7,656
3,319
664
2,655
2,028
626
732,
2,949
656
7,185
3,275
779
2,496
1,819
677
800
2,544
100.0)
43.4
3,212
567
3,374
1,998
383
1,615
1,228
387
346
941
88
8.7
34.7
9.6
38.5
8.61
100.0
45.6
10.8
34.7
11.1
35.4
7.9
2.5
•6
2.3
.5
2.5
.6
1.9
.4
2,578
1.112
242
870
56
2,894
1,187
241
946
740
206
316
1,256
135
100.0
59.2
11.4
47.9
10.3
27.9
2.6
100.0
60.9
14.9
46.0
11.7
25.7
1.7
3.0
.5
1.4
.1
2.9
.6
1,956
478
1,478|
1,091
387
375
824
1,388
134
92
41
93
60
33
70
752
432
1,395 5,587 5,378
206 2,529 2,546
58 498
658]
147 2,031 1,888
90 1,564 1,438
449
58 468
98 588 641
673 2,059 1,818
410
419
373
100.0
41.0
8.3
32.7
10.9
43.4
4.7
100.0
43.1
9.4
33.8
12.7
40.6
3.6
100.0
9.6
2.9
6.7
5.1
54.2
31.1
100.0 100.0 100.0|
14.8 45.3 47.3
4.2
8.9 12.2
10.6J 36.4 35.1
7.0 10.5 11.9
48.2 36.8 33.8
6.9
30.0
7.3
2.1
.6
2.2
.2
2.0
.6
1.8
.2
1.8
1.0
10.3
638
232
327
1,046
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1.2
.1
5.9
2.7j
1.31
8.9
5.6
2.3
.5
1.9
.4
2.3
.6
1.6
.3
63
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
May 1995
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
7,185
18.6
18.4
35.2
55.3
28.9
24.6
40.5
39.3
38.2
29.0
25.7
23.8
26.3
26.1
26.8
31.9
25.4
32.0
39.1
20.9
44.8
49.3
32.7
28.8
36.4
38.9
21.5
14.8
23.6
25.8
17.8
15.1
15.8
18.7
17.6
6.1
21.1
23.5
14.9
13.7
20.6
20.3
100.0
33.0
25.1
41.9
19.7
22.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.5
49.3
29.8
26.1
40.1
38.6
28.6
24.4
26.0
23.9
23.4
25.2
30.0
24.3
41.1
24.8
46.4
50.5
34.7
31.4
47.1
21.9
17.8
23.3
25.2
17.9
15.0
16.9
19.2
7.0
23.1
25.3
16.8
16.4
30.2
100.0
34.7
27.7
37.6
19.4
18.3
1,112
242
870
638
232
327
1,046
92
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.3
59.9
24.7
20.2
36.9
34.8
37.7
28.6
27.6
22.7
29.0
28.4
30.6
34.8
25.6
26.9
40.1
17.4
46.3
51.4
32.5
30.4
36.7
44.5
22.7
11.7
25.8
28.4
18.4
17.1
16.2
22.5
17.4
5.7
20.6
23.0
14.0
13.3
20.5
22.0
1,395
100.0
46.5
28.9
24.6
14.5
10.1
206
58
147
90
58
98
673
419
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
37.0
2,578
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
26.8
1,956
478
1,478
1,091
387
375
824
56
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
36.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3,212
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
100.0
3,275
779
2,496
1,819
677
800
2,544
567
Total, 16 years and over
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.3
27.7
14.9
0
O
0
11.5
34.3
41.9
19.7
19.4
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
0
46.0
38.7
0
57.0
50.8
31.8
0
0
29.3
26.4
33.5
0
0
0
3.4
0
0
4.7
4.3
15.0
15.1
(1)
O
O
13.6
22.9
34.7
4.6
9.1
16.3
9.0
13.8
18.4
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
May
1994
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
64
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
7,656
7,185
100.0
100.0
6,269
5,807
100.0
100.0
2,660
2,049
1,481
569
2,947
1,228
1,718
692
1,026
Total 16 years and over
May
1995
2,604
1,924
1,308
616
2,657
1,334
1,323
594
730
34.7
26.8
19.3
7.4
38.5
16.0
22.4
9.0
13.4
36.2
26.8
18.2
8.6
37.0
18.6
18.4
8.3
10.2
2,008
1,656
1,183
473
2,605
1,071
1,534
621
913
1,939
1,572
1,037
535
2,296
1,144
1,152
495
657
32.0
26.4
18.9
7.5
41.5
17.1
24.5
9.9
14.6
33.4
27.1
17.9
9.2
39.5
19.7
19.8
8.5
11.3
20.1
9.2
17.5
9.0
21.5
10.2
18.8
10.1
_
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
May 1995
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
Weeks
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,185
1,395
1,203
1,757
1,503
750
425
153
2,604
649
533
574
449
210
132
57
1,924
404
330
482
408
162
107
31
2,657
343
339
701
646
379
185
65
1,334
202
189
366
290
188
64
34
1,323
141
150
335
356
191
121
30
17.5
11.1
14.1
18.5
20.3
22.4
24.9
20.2
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,961
749
663
961
812
436
248
91
1,385
324
262
331
244
120
75
29
1,041
234
186
244
200
1,535
191
215
387
368
222
116
38
750
117
120
189
164
108
31
20
786
74
95
197
204
113
85
18
18.7
11.4
16.0
19.3
21.4
22.3
29.4
22.9
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,224
646
539
796
691
313
177
61
1,218
325
271
243
206
89
57
28
883
169
144
67
50
7
1,122
152
124
314
278
157
69
27
584
86
69
177
126
80
33
14
538
67
55
138
152
78
36
13
16.1
10.8
11.8
17.5
19.1
22.7
18.5
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
5,378
3,011
2,367
2,085
1,102
984
1,429
803
627
1,864
1,107
756
952
541
411
911
566
345
16.7
18.2
14.7
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,449
765
684
409
226
183
417
201
216
623
337
286
301
170
131
322
167
155
19.7
19.6
19.8
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)
1,378
559
2,024
425
184
776
374
116
550
579
258
276
99
375
303
160
323
20.6
22.8
16.3
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)
1,134
716
1,374
409
235
575
284
205
395
441
276
405
230
147
207
211
129
198
17.1
17.1
14.7
94
57
24
239
208
0
Race
Marital status
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
65
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
May 1995
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Weeks
15 weeks and over
Total
5 to 14
weeks
than
5 weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
Average
(mean)
duration
27 weeks
and over
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
766
1,801
1,351
839
1,561
264
255
669
585
305
505
104
211
475
340
189
449
64
300
657
426
345
607
96
145
324
209
196
322
34
155
333
217
149
284
63
18.9
17.2
15.7
19.1
18.2
17.5
11.0
8.9
6.5
10.0
9.7
6.6
184
736
1,094
586
508
296
1,673
284
1,936
102
72
229
398
223
174
90
701
78
707
35
45
191
259
137
121
75
425
83
557
22
67
316
437
225
212
130
546
122
672
28
166
226
118
108
48
307
57
326
32
39
150
211
107
104
82
239
65
347
13
15.0
19.3
19.6
18.8
20.5
22.6
15.2
21.3
16.7
16.5
6.5
11.4
9.0
8.4
9.5
12.6
7.3
11.8
8.9
9.7
567
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
165
182
221
106
115
17.3
9.5
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
N o previous work experience
1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Age
Category
May
1994
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job1
Did not search for work in previous year.
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other
4
1
May
1995
66
May
1994
Sex
25 to 54
years
May
1995
May
1994
55 years
and over
May
1995
May
1994
Men
May
1995
May
1994
Women
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
65,908 66,547 11,216 11,217 18,839 18,798 35,853 36,531 23,697 23,836 42,210 42,711
58,611 60,014 7,812 8,161 15,804 16,244 34,996 35,609 20,716 21,177 37,895 38,837
7,297 6,533 3,404 3,056 3,035 2,554
923 2,982 2,658 4,315 3,875
857
4,250 3,796 1,886 1,710 1,706 1,418
668 1,6501 1,4191 2,600 2,377
658
3,047 2,737 1,518 1,346 1,330 1,136
254 1,332 1,239 1,715 1,498
199
1,388
945
37
1,233
833
363
414
29
596
508
724
792
572
1,659 1,504
217
513
916
773
171
736
730
923
773
436
1,222
228
288
150
556
398
1,106
152
318
119
517
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
2
16 to 24
years
98
475
46]
230
17
182
84
430
42
250
14
124
274
641
168
59
104
311
215
558
94
62
88
313
64
106
14
29
63
100
118
15
6
17
80
242
494
15
152
81
246
233
497
29
173
65
230
195
728
213
1361
69
3101
165
608
123
145
54
287
discrimination.
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic
May
1995
May
1994
Men
Rate1
Number
May
1994
May
1995
6.4
6.0
6.4
6.0
6.4
6.8
4.3
4.9
2.6
3,973
146
3,827
451
3,376
3,047
329
267
62
May
1994
Women
Rate1
Number
May
1995
Number
May
1994
May
1995
4,225
136
4,089
363
3,725
3,350
375
310
65
6.0
4.9
6.0
6.7
6.0
6.3
4.0
4.4
2.9
6.3
4.4
6.4
5.5
6.5
6.8
4.5
5.0
3.1
3,343
1641
3,179
492
2,687
2,486
201
187
14
May
1994
May
1995
Rate1
May
1994
May
1995
3,727
231
3,4961
384
3,112
2,843
269
239
30
5.9
5.6
5.9
8.3
5.6
6.1
3.0
3.6
.9
6.5
7.7
6.4
6.7
6.4
6.8
4.0
4.7
1.9
AGE
2
7,316
310
7,006
943
6,063
5,533
530
454
76
7,952
7,585
747
6,837
6,193
645
549
95
6.0
5.3
6.0
7.4
5.8
6.2
3.5
4.0
2.0
6,455|
626
412
7,032
686
400
6.1
4.9
3.8
6.6
5.2
3.6
3,494
347
244
3,726
388
220
6.1
5.5
3.7
6.4
6.1
3.3
2,961
279
167
3,306
298
181
6.2
4.3
3.9
6.9
4.3
4.2
4,124
1,174
2,018
4,707
1,235
2,010
5.6
6.3
6.5
6.3
6.6
6.4
2,539
431
1,003
2,797
433
994
6.1
5.9
5.8
6.6
5.8
5.6
1,586
742
1,015
1,910
801
1,016
5.0
6.5
7.4
5.9
7.1
7.4
4,117
1,744
223
1,187
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
4,624
1,750
245
1,315
2,512
579
174
694
2,747
525
178
763
1,605
1,165
49
493
1,877
1,225
67
552
3671
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ....
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
May
1994
May
1995
Unemployed
Percent of
labor force
Number
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
May
1994
May
1995
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,404
6,513
1,914
3,185
1,414
891
7,564
6,514
1,535
3,201
1,778
1,050
6,503
6,001
1,754
2,972
1,274
502
6,575
5,962
1,382
2,954
1,626
613
6,264
5,774
1,672
2,872
1,229
491
6,347
5,754
1,307
2,853
1,594
594
239
227
82
100
45
11
227
208
75
101
32
20
3.7
3.8
4.7
3.4
3.5
2.3
3.5
3.5
5.4
3.4
2.0
3.2
16,089
7,394
4,726
3,968
17,042
7,911
5,129
4,002
14,465
6,903
4,239
3,323
15,346
7,321
4,644
3,381
13,955
6,659
4,074
3,222
14,778
7,032
4,475
3,271
510
244
165
101
568
289
169
110
3.5
3.5
3.9
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.6
3.3
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces.
67
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1945 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Construction
Service-producing
Manufacturing
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate
Government
Federal
Annual averages
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897
17,507
17,248
23,913
23,913
23,913
836
862
955
994
930
1,147
1,683
2.009
2.198
2,194
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441
22,869
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001
1,955
2,298
2,478
2,612
2.610
5,359
6,077
6,477
6,659
6.654
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828
4,222
4.697
5,025
5,181
5,239
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42.238
43,727
45.091
45,239
43,483
45,186
23,913
23.913
23.913
23.913
23,913
23.913
23,913
23.913
23.913
23,913
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2.668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3.004
15,241
16.393
16,632
17,549
16.314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16.675
26.691
27,860
28.595
29.128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,643
2.735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092
6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6.240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58.189
23.913
23,913
23.913
23,913
23.913
23,913
23.913
23,913
23.913
23,913
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3.010
3.097
3.232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16.995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33.755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3.951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,153
3.142
3.207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919
8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785
2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2.977
3.058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79.382
82,471
86,697
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,913
23,913
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3.588
3.704
3,889
4.097
4,020
3,525
3.576
3.851
4,229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20.505
21,040
47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4.515
4.476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221
11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972
3,645
3,772
3,908
4.046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,210
107,895
74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82.651
84,948
87,824
90,117
25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24.718
24.842
24.533
24.674
25,125
25,254
1.027
1,139
1.128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692
4.346
4.188
3.904
3.946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5.171
20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19.248
18,947
18.999
19,314
19.391
64,748
65,655
65,732
66.821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,086
82,642
5,146
5.165
5,081
4.952
5,156
5.233
5.247
5,362
5,514
5,625
5,292
5,375
5.295
5.283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187
15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17.315
17.880
18,422
19,023
19,475
5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6.630
6,668
17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988
109,419
108,256
108,604
110,730
114,034
91,115
89,854
89,959
91,889
94,917
24.905
23.745
23.231
23.352
23.913
709
689
635
610
600
5,120
4,650
4,492
4.668
5.010
19.076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,303
84,514
84,511
85,373
87,378
90,121
5,793
5,762
5,721
5,829
6,006
6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,140
19,601
19.284
19,356
19,773
20,437
6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,933
27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,488
3,085
2.966
2,969
2,915
2,870
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
113,638
113,943
114,171
114.510
114.762
114.935
115.427
115.624
23,837
23,905
23,922
23,981
24,030
24,081
24.175
24,230
599
602
596
597 j
598
595
592
592
4,981
5,006
5,029
5,038
5,077
5,088
5,144
5.166
18.257
18,297
18,297
18,346
18,355
18,398
18,439
18,472
89,801
90,038
90,249
90,529
90,732
90,854
91,252
91,394
5,994
6,008
6,022
6,045
6.048
6.061
6,092
6,121
6,118
6,131
6.138
6,163
6,181
6,195
6,210
6,229
20,356
20,408
20,459
20,497
20,565
20,580
20,703
20,759
6,935
6,946
6,947
6,948
6,942
6,935
6,937
6,931
31,305
31,442
31,573
31,693
31,789
31,888
32,035
32,135
2,873
2,866
2,864
2,861
2,863
2,858
2,854
2,853
115.810
116,123
116,302
116,295
116,194
1
94,545
94,840
95.061
95.327
95,555
95.740
96,152
96.405
96.588
96.882
97.054
97,048
24,293
24.324
24,370
24,320
24,205
590
588
589
583
581
5.201
5.213
5.256
5,237
5,180
18,502
18.523
18,525
18.500
18.444
91,517
91,799
91,932
91,975
91,989
6,129
6.156
6,175
6,186
6,182
6,251
6,275
6,287
6,301
6,292
20,760
20,794
20,760
20,763
20,755
6,927
6,929
6,938
6,919
6,916
32,228
32,404
32.524
32.559
32,619
2.838
2,831
2,828
2,808
2,802
30,305
Not available.
2
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Effective with the release of May 1995 data, BLS has revised
establishment survey data to reflect new benchmarks and updated seasonal
adjustment factors. Because of these revisions, unadjusted data (beginning April
1993) and seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1990) differ from those
previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private'
Year and
month
Mining
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.13
345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
386.21
Construction
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17
44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.7
13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.89
603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
665.58
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.72
526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
572.61
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1994:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1995:
January
February
March
ApriP
May"
34.8
34.8
35.0
35.0
34.8
35.0
34.6
34.8
$11.09
11.03
11.05
11.05
11.22
11.28
11.27
11.28
$385.93
383.84
386.75
386.75
390.46
394.80
389.94
392.54
44.5
44.9
44.9
45.0
45.4
45.2
45.4
45.1
$14.83
14.74
14.73
14.69
14.92
14.91
14.97
15.09
$659.94
661.83
661.38
661.05
677.37
673.93
679.64
680.56
39.7
39.7
39.8
39.8
40.0
39.6
38.5
38.7
$14.62
14.59
14.75
14.79
14.97
15.05
14.87
14.83
$580.41
579.22
587.05
588.64
598.80
595.98
572.50
573.92
34.4
34.2
34.3
34.3
34.3
11.36
11.36
11.36
11.41
11.39
390.78
388.51
389.65
391.36
390.68
44.8
44.4
44.0
44.2
44.3
15.25
15.26
15.24
15.29
15.24
683.20
677.54
670.56
675.82
675.13
37.7
36.9
38.1
37.7
38.5
14.67
14.82
14.84
14.88
14.98
553.06
546.86
565.40
560.98
576.73
See footnotes at end of table.
70
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Wholesale trade
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23
$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39
136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.60
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.14
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0
6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39
266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82
441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.52
38.9
38.7
38.9
39.6
39.9
12.97
13.22
13.45
13.62
13.86
504.53
511.61
523.21
539.35
553.01
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.05
411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
462.72
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.06
10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.42
Hourly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1994:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1995:
January
February
March
April"
Ma/
42.0
42.2
41.6
42.0
42.4
42.3
42.5
42.9
$12.01
12.03
12.04
12.01
12.14
12.10
12.17
12.26
$11.40
11.39
11.42
11.35
11.45
11.43
11.50
11.57
$504.42
507.67
500.86
504.42
514.74
511.83
517.23
525.95
40.0
40.1
40.3
40.2
40.1
40.2
39.8
39.6
$13.74
13.70
13.81
13.84
13.91
14.01
14.07
14.04
$549.60
549.37
556.54
556.37
557.79
563.20
559.99
555.98
38.6
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4
38.7
38.4
38.5
$12.03
11.98
12.04
12.00
12.09
12.20
12.15
12.21
$464.36
461.23
462 34
459 60
464 26
472 14
466 56
470 09
42.0
41.7
41.7
40.4
41.5
12.23
12.24
12.25
12.29
12.27
11.60
11.62
11.63
11.77
11.67
513.66
510.41
510.83
496.52
509.21
39.4
39.3
39.1
39.5
39.5
14.08
14.04
14.06
14.13
14.01
554.75
551.77
549.75
558.14
553.40
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.1
12.30
12.28
12.25
12.45
12.32
469 86
467 87
465 50
476 84
469 39
See footnotes at end of table.
71
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
Services
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79
35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.05
319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
359.13
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1994:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1995:
January
February
March
ApriP
Mayp
28.9
29.3
29.8
29.7
29.0
29.1
28.7
29.3
$7.47
7.46
7.46
7.44
7.54
7.57
7.57
7.59
$215.88
218.58
222.31
220.97
218.66
220.29
217.26
222.39
36.1
35.6
35.7
35.5
35.5
36.2
35.5
35.7
$11.84
11.67
11.72
11.73
11.85
12.02
11.98
12.05
$427.42
415.45
418.40
416.42
420.68
435.12
425.29
430.19
32.6
32.5
32.7
32.7
32.4
32.7
32.3
32.4
$11.01
10.90
10.90
10.90
11.11
11.20
11.22
11.29
$358.93
354.25
356.43
356.43
359.96
366.24
362.41
365.80
28.2
28.1
28.3
28.9
28.7
7.64
7.63
7.63
7.65
7.68
215.45
214.40
215.93
221.09
220.42
36.3
35.7
35.5
36.3
35.3
12.17
12.19
12.21
12.32
12.25
441.77
435.18
433.46
447.22
432.43
32.4
32.3
32.2
32.5
32.2
11.39
11.38
11.36
11.40
11.36
369.04
367.57
365.79
370.50
365.79
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
72
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March
1994 benchmarks. Thus, data beginning in April 1993 may
differ slightly from those previously published. See the article
in this issue for additional information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
-r
Apr.
113,638 113,943 114,171 114,510 114,762 114,935 115,427 115,624 115,810 116,123 116,302 116,295
Total
96,405 96,588 96,882 97,054 97,048
Total private
94,545
94,840 95,061 95,327
95,555
Goods-producing
23,837
23,905 23,922 23,981
24,030 24,081 24,175 24,230
1
Mining
Metal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing .
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment .
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing .
Transportation and public utilities ....
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
|
Communications and public utilities
j
Communications
j
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....!
Wholesale trade
j
Durable goods
j
Nondurable goods
j
95,740 96,152
24,293 24,324 24,370) 24,320
599
48
336
103
602
49
337
103
596
49
332
103
597
49
333
103
598
49
336
103
595
49
331
104
592
49
328
104
592
50
326
104
590
50
325
105
588
51
323
105
589
51
323
106
583
51
319
105
4,981
1,192
737
3,052
5,006
1,197
738
3,071
5,029
1,199
743
3,087
5,038
1,206
738
3,094
5,077
1,214
740
3,123
5,088
1,222
734
3,132
5,144
1,234
740
3,170
5,166
1,241
739
3,186
5,201
1,250
742
3,209
5,213
1,250
740
3,223
5,256
1,258
747
3,251
5,237
1,255
743
3,239
18,257
18,297
18,297
18,346 18,355
18,398
18,439
18,472 18,502
18,523
10,388
748
500
531
692
10,426
752
502
532
697
10,422 10,465
757
755
504
504
534
533
699
700
10,481
758
504
535
704
10,513
761
505
537
708
10,550
766
507
539
712
10,574 10,596
766
767
507
508
540
542
715
716
10,622 10,633
767
766
509
509
547
545
718
718
235
1,378
1,981
354
239
1,386
1,989
355
240
1,390
1,983
352
238
1,396
1,992
350
239
1,397
1,995
348
239
1,405
1,999
345
240
1,412
2,006
344
240
1,421
2,010
342
239
1,428
2,017
341
240
1,435
2,025
340
240
1,439
2,029
336
240
1,441
2,035
336
1,561
1,570
1,570
1,581
1,586
1,589
1,595
1,603
1,608
1,613
1,614
1,617
539
1,741
885
485
867
389
542
1,746
893
480
863
389
545
1,736
893
475
859
392
549
1,751
908
473
859
392
552
1,753
913
469
857
392
554
1,761
921
467
854
394
556
1,764
924
465
854
395
560
1,764
926
462
853
395
563
1,764
932
459
850
396
565
1,766
934
457
849
396
569
1,767
937
455
847
396
571
1,765
938
454
845
394
7,869
1,679
43
673
973
691
1,537
1,062
149
948
114
7,871
1,680
42
673
972
691
1,540
1,061
148
950
114
7,875
1,681
42
673
969
692
1,544
1,060
148
953
113
7,881
1,679
42
674
972
691
1,547
1,057
150
956
113
7,874
1,677
41
671
971
689
1,547
1,056
149
960
113
7,885
1,677
41
674
970
692
1,550
1,055
149
965
112
7,889
1,683
41
674
963
692
1,551
1,054
149
970
112
7,898
1,684
41
673
960
692
1,556
1,054
150
975
113
7,906
1,690
40
672
957
693
1,557
1,055
147
982
113
7,901
1,689
40
671
951
692
1,561
1,054
148
983
112
7,892
1,690
39
670
946
691
1,561
1,053
148
982
112
7,871
1,687
40
669
939
692
1,557
1,050
146
980
111
90,249 90,529 90,732
90,854
91,252
91,394 91,517
91,799
91,932
91,975
89,801 90,038
18,525 18,500
10,629
761
506
546
719
5,994
3,766
239
6,008
3,781
241
6,022
3,794
2401
6,045
3,810
237
6,048
3,813
240
6,061
3,821
240
6,092
3,846
242
6,121
3,870
241
6,129
3,886
241
6,156
3,900
242
6,175
3,914
242
6,186
3,921
242
405
1,797
172
747
18
388'
2,228
1,298
930
6,118|
3,527!
2,5911
411
1,808
169
745
18
389
2,227
1,301
926
6,131
3,536
2,595
415J
1,813
171
744
17
394
2,228
1,305
923
6,138
3,544!
2,594!
425
1,819
168
746
18
397
2,235
1,314
921
6,163
3,555
2,608
4181
1,824
168
746
18
399
2,235
1,314
9211
6,181 j
3,564 j
2,617i
417
1,828
167
748
18
403
2,240
1,320
920
6,195
3,574
2,621
421
1,843
165
750
18
407
2,246
1,325
921
6,210
3,587
2,623
-L
425!
1,857
164
754
18
411
2,251
1,331
9201
6,229,
3,599!
2,630!
428
1,864
166
754
17
416
2,243
1,327
916
6,251
3,615
2,636
431
1,871
165
756
17
418
2.256
1,343
913
6,275,
3,6311
2.644I
433
1,877
164
760
17
421
2,261
1,351
910
6,287
3,643
2,644
437
1,879
164
761
17
421
2,265
1,355
910
6,301
3,650
2,651
See footnotes at end of table.
73
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Industry
May
June
July ; Aug. \ Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.p
-h
Retail trade
20,356 20,408 20,459 20,4971 20,565 20,580 20,703 20,759 20,760 20,794 20,7601 20,7631
Building materials and garden supplies j
825
829
833
835|
838
840
844
851
849!
853;
851
846
General merchandise stores
2,532 2,534 2,542 2,551! 2,555 2,563
2,598
2,545
2,530i 2,539!
2,562
2,585
Department stores
2,198 2,201
2,211
2,2191 2,225 2,232
2,268
2,207j 2,218|
2,2561 2,236 2,223
Food stores
3,289 3,285 3,292 3,297 3,296 3,298
3,308 3,320
3,325 3,328 3,332 3,343
Automotive dealers and service
stations
2,112 2,119 2,122 2,135
2,154
2,165
2,145
2,191
2,173
2,182
2,202
2,206
New and used car dealers
959
964
979
967
984
975
971
996
989
993
998
1,000
Apparel and accessory stores
1,133 1,133
1,134 1,132
1,136
1,135
1,130
1,118
1,126
1,122
1,110
1,104
Furniture and home furnishings stores
877
883
893
906
915
926
899
936
927
933
943
945
Eating and drinking places
7,045 7,067 7,076 7,084
7,086
7,134
7,103
7,221
7,182
7,188
7,191
7,171
Miscellaneous retail establishments ....
2,543 2,558 2,567 2,564
2,587
2,588
2,598
2,604
2,600
2,597
2,603
2,602
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices .
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate
Services1
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care facilities
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
6,935
3,328
2,075
1,488
313
507
516
230
2,239
1,555
6,946
3,332
2,075
1,489
310
506
520
231
2,240
1,554
6,947
3,332
2,076
1,492
308
502
522
232
2,238
1,551
6,948
3,329
2,074
1,492
305
499
524
232
2,238
1,549
6,942
3,324
2,072
1,492
303
494
525
233
2,236
1,546
6,935
3,320
2,072
1,496
300
490
525
233
2,236
1,544
6,937
3,319
2,071
1,498
296
485
528
235
2,236
1,542
6,931
3,317
2,070
1,498
295
481
530
236
2,232
1,537
6,927
3,312
2,067
1,497
293
478
530
237
2,233
1,535
6,929
3,312
2,066
1,497
291
475
532
239
2,233
1,534
6,938
3,313
2,066
1,499
289
475
532
240
2,238
1,536
6,919
3,303
2,062
1,493
288
472
528
241
2,238
1,536
684
1,368
686
1,374
687
1,377
689
1,381
690
1,382
692
1,379
694
1,382
695
1,382
698
1,382
699
1,384
702
1,387
702
1,378
31,305 31,442 31,573 31,693 31,789 31,888 32,035
560
563
567
571
578
574
584
1,621
1,625 1,625 1,620
1,612
1,617
1,605
1,135
1,135
1,135 1,139
1,140
1,139
1,140
6,158 6,219 6,274 6,314
6,392
6,358
6,457
848
854
858
860
861
861
869
2,209 2,250 2,281
2,296
2,337
2,321
2,373
1,960 1,997 2,026 2,040
2,077
2,061
2,107
32,135
588
1,612
1,138
6,487
870
2,386
2,118
32,228 32,404 32,524
580
575
584
1,614
1,614
1,616
1,160
1,148
1,158
6,555 6,570
6,513
870
868
871
2,427
2,408
2,399
2,152
2,138
2,138
32,559
589
1,609
1,157
6,539
865
2,372
2,102
1,819
2,163
497
597
945
968
333
461
1,355
8,991
1,538
1,649
3,769
554
923
1,821
2,178
501
600
949
971
333
470
1,361
9,011
1,541
1,654
3,772
560
925
1,826
2,191
506
603
958
979
334
481
1,365!
9,037
1,549
1,657
3,776
566
927
1,831
2,205
518
606
967
984
334
491
1,354
9,055
1,548
1,659
3,779
572
928
1,840
2,211
509
610
974
989
335
505
1,364
9,074
1,553
1,661
3,781
575
928
1,843
2,216
510
613
984
995
337
519
1,371
9,096
1,557
1,663
3,785
579
930
1,851
2,226
512
617
991
1,000
338
529
1,375
9,121
1,562
1,667
3,790
588
930
1,854
2,233
512
620
994
1,006
340
545
1,380
9,141
1,563
1.672
3,792
591
931
1,843
2,244
514
623
1,006
1,010
342
566
1,398
9,168
1,570
1,676
3,796
596
932
1,864
2,254
517
626
1,017
1,014
344
577
1,434
9,197
1,576
1,679
3,802
599
933
1,863
2,264
519
629
1,025
1,016
342
598
1,453
9,211
1,579!
1,681
3,810
597
9321
1,866
2,263!
518J
79
2,059
2,554
770
709
79
2,060
2,560
773
711
79
2,058
2,575
778
716
80
2,060
2,578
780 j
719
79
2,065
2,589
785
725
79
2,066
2,595
785
731
80
2,066
2,606
787i
737
80
2,062
2,616
790 j
742
80
2,062
2,634
793
752
81
2,060
2,648
795)
762
81
2,059
2,658
795
773
81 j
2,056!
2,675
799
785
938
961
333
453
1,343
8,970
1,535
1,644
3,770
548
9261
19,093
2,873
2,062
4,548
1,867
2,681!
11,672
6,465
5,207
19,103 19,110 19,183 19,207
2,866 2,864 2,861
2,863
2,051
2,039
2,045 2,041
4,553 4,572 4,594
4,589
1,900
1,868 1,882
1,891
2,685 2,690 2,694
2,698
11.684J 11,674; 11,728 11,755
6,480 6,497! 6,548 6,554
5,201
5,204 5,177; 5,180
19,195 19,275
2,858
2,854
2,031
2,022!
4,589
4,596
1,888
1,892
2,701
2,704
11,748! 11,825
6,544
6,549
5,204
5,276
,219
,853
,014
,598
,891
707
,768
,557
,211
-j—
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
1
■-- preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
74
2,221
3,334
6311
19,222 19,241 19,248 19,247
2,838
2,831
2,828
2,808
2,004
1,992
1,969
1,997
4,599
4,613
4,607
4,610
1,889
1,904
1,906!
1,901
2,710
2,709
2,701
2.709
11,785 11,800 11,807 11,832
6,599
6,577 6,591
6,617
5,208
5,208
5,215
5,209
!
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and differ from data
previously published. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Industry
Mar.
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
54,609
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
54,754 54,902 55,014 55,110 55,271 55,390 55,459 55,687 55,762 55,809 55,956
44,278 44,403 44,500 44,631 44,721 44,853 44,945 45,009 45,182 45,277 45,322 45,442
6,577
6,593
6,600
6,618
6,617
6,647
6,650
6,665
6,676
6,684
6,694
6,698
86
86
85
85
85
86
85
85
84
83
83
83
538
543
545
549
551
555
560
562
568
568
575
580
5,953
5,964
5,970
5,984
5,981
6,006
6,005
6,018
6,024
6,033
6,036
6,035
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,735
121
152
104
96
302
425
655
352
356
172
2,743
122
152
105
96
303
428
657
351
355
174
2,748
123
153
104
97
304
429
658
352
354
174
2,759
124
154
104
97
306
433
661
353
353
174
2,754
124
156
104
98
307
430
660
347
352
176
2,773
126
155
104
98
308
435
665
355
351
176
2,776
126
156
104
99
308
436
666
355
350
176
2,785
127
157
105
99
311
435
668
357
349
177
2,793
128
158
104
100
312
436
670
358
349
178
2,802
128
158
104
101
314
436
675
360
349
177
2,803
129
158
105
101
315.
436
675
358
348
178
2,806
128
158
105
101
316
437
677
358
348
178
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,218
547
14
320
744
167
683
335
24
320
64
3,221
546
14
320
743
167
684
336
25
322
64
3,222
547
13
319
744
167
685
336
25
323
63
3,225
547
13
319
743
167
688
335
25
325
63
3,227
548
13
319
741
167
690
335
25
326
63
3,233
548
13
319
742
167
693
335
25
328
63
3,229
547
13
318
741
166
692
334
25
330
63
3,233
547
13
318
739
167
695
334
25
332
63
3,231
550
13
319
733
167
695
334
25
332
63
3,231
550
13
318
731
166
697
334
25
334
63
3,233
554
13
317
727
167
697
335
25
336
62
3,229
554
13
316
722
166
700
336
25
335
62
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
48,032 48,161 48,302 48,396 48,493 48,624 48,740 48,794 49,011 49,078 49,115 49,258
Transportation and public utilities
1,744
1,746
1,757
1,762
1,768
1,778
1,780
1,786
1,796
1,809
1,809
1,819
Wholesale trade
1,864
1,870
1,876
1,879
1,881
1,890
1.897J
1,900
1,905
1,911
1,917
1,923
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
10,738 10,734! 10,754 10,773 10,804 10,8261 10,858 10,854 10,918 10,939 10,956 10,950
4,380
4,383
4,383
4,388
19,211 J
4,387
4,386
4,380
4,375
4,372
4,373
4,369
4,364
Services
18,975 19,077 j 19,130
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,331 10,351 10,402 10,383 10,389 10,418 10,445) 10,450 10,505 10,485 10,487 10,514
1,198 1,195
1,202 1,201
1,193 1,194! 1,195
1,194 1,192 1,199
1,187 1,186
2,271
2,276 2,282 2,267 2,286 2,292 2,296 2,300 2,304 2,304 2,305 2,313
6,858 6,874 6,922 6,921
6,910 6,932 6,954 6,956 7,009 6,982 6,995 7,015
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and differ from data
19,264 19,326 19,3801 19,429 19,515 19,561
19,577 19,688
previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.
75
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.p
Total private
77,165
77,424 77,600 77,826 78,040 78,185 78,554 78,769 78,914 79,164 79,351 79,301
Goods-producing
16,845
Mayp
16,909 16,926 16,979 17,027 17,066 17,168 17,211 17,273 17,302 17,341 17,306
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
425
427
426
425
428
425
426
426
427
427
428
425
3,851
3,873
3,890
3,896
3,928
3,932
3,983
4,000
4,033
4,042
4,081
4,062
12,569
12,609 12,610 12,658 12,671 12,709 12,759
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products,
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,050
618
396
411
531
178
1,028
1,226
1,003
1,136
682
276
277
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,519
1,232
33
572
813
523
843
579
96
738
90
5,523
1,231
33
572
813
523
847
579
96
739
90
(2)
399
413
539
181
1,044
1,239
1,019
1,151
705
7,145
626
399
412
543
182
1,045
1,244
1,023
1,154
708
279
279
279
5,522
1,231
32
571
810
524
848
578
96
742
90
5,530
1,230
33
572
812
524
851
576
97
745
5,526
1,229
32
569
812
522
850
578
97
748
89
7,086
621
397
412
536
182
1,036
1,233
1,009
1,142
689
7,088
623
399
412
538
182
1,038
1,231
1,009
1,137
690
(2)
(2)
7,128
6251
0
0
7,175
628
400
414
547
183
1,053
1,250
1,022
1,163
716
(2)
7,218
632
402
417
551
183
1,060
1,255
1,032
1,169
720
(2)
12,785 12,813 12,833 12,832 12,819
7,239
633
402
418
553
1831
1,067
1,258
1,039
1,169
721
7,259
633
403
420
554
183
1,074
1,263
1,042
1,171
727
7,288
633
404
422
556
183
1,080
1,268
1,049
1,177
731
7,297
633
403
423
557
184
1,084
1,274
1,045
1,181
735
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
7,295
626
401
423
558
183
1,084
1,281
1,043
1,182
737
(2)
280
281
280
281
281
280
279
5,534
1,227
32
571
812
524
851
579
97
752
89
5,541
1,234
32
572
806
525
851
579
97
756
89
5,546
1,235
32
571
804
525
853
580
97
760
89
5,554
1,243
31
570
800
526
853
581
95
766
89
5,545
1,241
31
568
795
525
854
580
96
767
88
5,535
1,242
30
566
789
525
854
580
96
765
88
5,524
1,240
30
566
782
526
851
583
95
764
87
90
Service-producing
60,320 60,515 60,674
60,847
Transportation and public utilities
5,023
Wholesale trade
4,930
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
5,029
5,058
5,069
5,092
5,124
5,131
5,147
5,172
5,186
4,988
5,036
5,001
5,014
5,034
5,054
5,076
5,090
5,094
5,048
4,944
4,953
4,974
18,100 18,102
17,926 17,967 18,009
18,207 18,244 18,271 18,286 18,267 18,235
18,046
5,047
5,058
5,052
5,057
5,045
5,044
5,039
5,040
5,042
5,044
5,036
5,056
27,815 27,902
27,394 27,517 27,619
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
76
61,013 61,119 61,386 61,558 61,641 61,862 62,010 61,995
28,029 28,117 28,145 28,311 28,437 28,444
27,723
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and differ from data
previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
39.7
42.3
57.6
60.0
60.3
40.0
45.2
61.5
63.3
61.7
38.6
50.1
51.4
65.9
57.6
37.2
57.3
58.3
62.4
p
49.6
49.4
53.7
61.4
58.0
P44.4
44.2
48.2
55.1
63.8
47.1
53.5
57.7
60.5
53.7
49.6
56.3
61.5
49.3
53.4
61.4
60.7
47.6
57.0
59.7
61.1
46.2
52.2
61.1
65.3
45.8
58.1
60.7
61.1
Over 3-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
34.0
40.2
64.0
68.8
66.4
32.6
42.6
61.2
70.9
64.9
31.5
50.7
61.8
69.8
P56.6
38.2
56.3
58.8
67.1
P47.5
39.3
56.3
61.4
66.0
44.2
54.6
61.8
66.0
48.9
50.6
59.3
68.4
52.0
51.3
61.8
68.3
52.1
52.5
62.6
67.8
44.9
54.9
66.7
67.3
43.5
58.7
65.7
68.1
41.2
59.1
63.6
67.4
Over 6-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
29.8
43.4
63.2
71.2
P65.0
32.6
46.2
63.8
70.2
P58.0
30.9
46.3
62.8
70.5
32.6
50.8
64.2
69.5
39.0
55.1
60.6
69.8
44.8
55.3
63.9
69.1
47.1
52.7
64.5
70.5
44.7
52.2
64.7
70.9
48.0
56.7
66.2
69.0
45.8
55.9
67.3
69.0
40.7
63.6
70.8
67.4
40.3
63.2
70.8
67.0
31.0
47.2
64.9
68.4
31.0
42.3
63.9
70.8
31.7
42.7
64.0
71.9
31.9
44.1
65.4
70.2
31.7
48.0
67.0
69.5
33.8
52.5
67.6
69.7
35.8
55.8
67.6
70.4
37.5
60.7
67.0
70.8
40.0
59.7
70.2
70.4
45.2
61.4
69.4
p
70.2
45.6
62.9
68.8
p
65.9
45.4
62.9
69.4
Over 12-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
32.4
37.1
52.2
59.4
56.8
35.6
40.3
57.9
61.2
54.7
32.4
46.0
52.9
59.4
49.6
35.3
57.2
44.2
56.5
P42.4
47.1
48.2
51.4
55.0
P37.4
42.4
46.0
46.0
59.0
44.6
56.1
50.7
54.0
52.2
42.8
48.6
56.5
43.2
50.7
56.1
53.2
47.5
47.5
54.7
59.4
42.1
51.4
56.5
59.0
38.5
52.5
54.3
57.6
Over 3-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
23.7
29.9
60.8
65.1
61.5
23.0
36.0
60.4
66.5
56.1
20.9
45.0
57.2
64.4
P45.3
33.1
51.4
46.4
59.0
P35.6
35.6
52.2
46.4
58.6
37.4
54.3
50.7
58.3
47.1
45.3
49.6
61.5
47.1
50.7
54.3
59.0
50.4
43.9
53.2
61.5
39.9
49.6
60.1
60.4
37.4
51.4
56.1
64.0
32.7
53.6
57.6
62.2
Over 6-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
14.7
33.5
57.6
61.9
P55.4
20.5
36.0
56.5
62.9
P46.8
21.6
39.6
56.1
64.4
24.8
47.5
55.0
61.5
34.9
51.8
49.3
60.8
38.5
52.5
52.2
59.0
42.8
47.5
55.4
62.2
40.6
48.9
57.9
62.6
41.4
52.5
56.8
61.5
39.2
47.1
57.6
64.0
31.7
57.9
65.1
61.5
33.1
58.3
62 9
61 5
16.5
42.4
56.8
58.3
16.2
36.7
57.9
59.7
17.3
36.3
55.8
61.9
18.0
36.0
58.6
61.5
20.9
39.6
57.2
61.5
24.1
45.7
57.6
61.5
26.3
50.0
58.6
61.9
30.6
55.8
59.0
63.3
32.7
57.9
61.2
61.5
38.1
56.8
60.4
P59.0
38.8
58.3
60.1
P56.1
37 4
56 5
59 4
Over 12-month span:
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment. Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors. As a result, unadjusted
data (beginning April 1993) and seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1990) differ from those previously published. See the article in this issue for
additional information.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
State
Apr.
July
May
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
1
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
1,745.9
257.2
1,668.5
1,023.8
12,116.9
1,736.4
1,542.2
352.8
660.3
5,751.3
3,234.9
1,746.5
258.2
1,674.2
1,027.4
12,135.5
1,742.3
1,542.5
353.8
658.9
5,765.6
3,242.7
1.756.2
259.4
1.667.9
1.031.6
12.143.8
1,750.3
1.544.8
354.9
658.9
5.785.0
3,256.6
1,750.4
259.7
1.676.4
1.039.9
12.148.4
1,762.0
1.546.1
354.9
656.4
5,805.3
3,262.6
1.755.6
261.8
1,700.1
1,045.8
12,162.1
1,763.3
1,549.4
358.6
655.0
5,813.9
3,281.9
1,764.7
263.2
1,713.8
1,047.5
12,176.9
1.765.1
1.550.8
358.7
656.0
5,849.8
3,292.4
1,763.4
262.4
1,715.7
1,052.9
12,177.3
1.767.3
1,553.2
357.8
656.1
5.865.0
3,310.5
1.769.9
1,778.7
260.8
262.2
1.731.1
1,723.2
1.058.6
1,056.7
12,185.9 12,195.2
1,780.1
1,771.3
1,551.0
1,551.2!
359.1
358.5
653.5
654.0
5,900.6
5,919.6]
3,334.71 3,346.9
1,772.4
262.7
1,734.5
1.061.3
12,150.1
1,791.8
1.542.2
357.7
648.2
5,912.4
3.351.1
1,773.6
264.0
1,743.7
1.064.5
12.225.9
1,793.2]
1.543.0
359.8
648.6
5.939.9
3.365.0
1,774.1
262.61
1,747.3
1,066.4
12,228.1
1,799.1
1,542.0
360.31
648.61
5.956.9
3,377.3
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
536.4
457.8
5,438.4
2,701.7
1,311.0
1,153.7
1,587.2
1.703.8
529.8
2,140.5
534.0!
460.2
5,443.0
2.707.5
1.313.7
1.159.9
1,592.2
1,705.2
530.7
2,142.7
536.7
462.5
5,474.7
2,707.4
1.322.2
1,166.0
1,597.0]
1,713.8
530.7
2,148.0]
534.91
464.4
5,486.4
2,705.9
1,329.0
1,160.1
1,605.8
1,727.8
533.9
2,153.0
535.0
465.6
5,488.9
2,709.7
1,327.3
1.168.9
1,607.8
1.734.9
534.2
2,150.2
536.8
467.8
5,494.2
2,723.4
1,330.3
1,173.6
1,620.1
1,744.6
534.8
2,156.8
536.9
471.1
5,509.8
2,733.3
1,330.5
1,181.7
1,619.0
1.759.0
535.4
2.159.2
538.2
472.5
5,519.5
2,747.2
1.336.9
1.192.4
1,624.0
1,769.3
535.3
2,160.4
538.61
474.2
5.522.5
2.757.7
1.338.3
1,184.3
1.624.3
1.779.1
537.3
2.162.9
536.3
476.4
5,520.9
2,753.1
1,337.2
1.185.9
1,611.3
1.784.3
539.0
2,159.1
535.5]
477.0
5.535.0
2,769.5
1.340.9
1,189.5
1,617.4]
1,785.5
541.1
2,154.7
535.11
479.2
5.544.9
2.770.3
1.345.3
1,192.2
1,627.5
1,788.1
541.7
2,160.8
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
2,887.9
4,117.4
2.298.1
1,045.1
2,451.8
336.6]
789.3
726.8
520.4
3.540.9]
2,888.0
4,125.7
2,304.7
1,051.0
2,456.1
337.8
791.6
730.7
520.0
3.548.6
2,895.7
4,137.4
2,315.7
1,058.4
2,465.8
338.6
793.8
734.5
522.1
3,556.9
2,914.9
4,149.9
2,319.9
1,065.9
2.478.4
341.8
796.7
740.5
528.6
3,560.3
2,924.9
4,157.9
2.320.2
1,068.1
2,481.7
345.4
796.7
748.5
526.2
3.569.7
2,936.1
4,170.5
2,321.6
1,059.1
2,494.2
345.6
798.4
752.7
526.9
3,572.4
2,939.4
4,179.4
2,330.6
1.058.2]
2.505.3
345.9
802.0
753.0
527.6
3,576.4
2,942.3
4.197.3
2,335.6
1.060.3
2,511.4
347.6
809.2
757.5
530.1
3.578.2
2,943.2
4,200.8
2,339.6]
1,061.2
2,517.7
345.8
806.5]
759.6]
529.2
3,582.9]
2.937.2
4.223.3
2,343.9
1.057.7
2,515.9
347.4
806.7
759.3
530.3
3,582.5
2,943.6
4,237.7
2,350.1
1,060.4
2,534.7
347.8
810.6
764.1
532.2
3.595.9
2,947.5
4,245.7
2,357.7
1,055.8
2.542.0
348.81
811.3
769.1
532.81
3.599.6
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
648.6
7,798.8]
3,341.9
292.7J
5,051.7
1,270.6
1,351.3
5.173.9
434.8
1,599.0
651.6
7,804.0
3,347.3
293.3
5,067.1
1.272.7
1,356.3
5.184.1
433.2
1,600.6]
655.8
7,809.7
3,359.0
294.0
5,077.1
1,277.3
1,359.9
5.197.1
435.1
1,608.2
658.5
7,826.1
3,370.5
295.3
5,073.7
1,282.8
1,367.1
5,199.4
434.4
1,615.9
659.8
7,828.2]
3,383.4
296.8
5,088.0
1,282.6
1,371.7
5,206.0
435.9
1,615.3
664.6
7,821.7
3.389.7
297.8
5.100.0
1,284.9]
1,374.7
5,214.8
433.8
1,616.6
7,822.1
3,399.9]
298.2
5,113.3
1,292.0]
1,382.5
5,223.71
435.1
1,614.7
675.9
7,823.4
3,407.6
299.4
5,121.0
1,298.8
1.391.3
5,228.4
436.0
1,631.9
676.1
7,817.2
3,413.9
299.9
5.132.01
1,305.3
1.395.7
5.231.9
436.0
1,618.6
679.5
7,829.0
3,417.7
298.7
5,138.9
1,298.6
1,395.9
5.228.7
436.2]
1,614.3
682.5
7,829.5
3,420.0
299.3
5,160.8
1,296.8
1.398.1
5.233.1
434.6
1,617.9
685.11
7.828.3
3,432.0
300.51
5,174.2
1,295.1
1,408.2
5,229.3
434.21
1,624.1
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
329.9
2,401.6
7,690.3
849.1
262.9
2,988.8
2.290.6
669.7
2,467.0
215.5
330.61
2,411.4
7,698.7
853.3
264.2
2.992.1
2.293.2
682.9
2.471.4
216.0
332.4
2,421.5
7,727.9
858.8
264.2
3,001.7
2.300.9
672.9
2.478.1
216.1
334.0
2,429.5
7,784.1
863.5
263.6
3.008.5
2.301.5
670.9]
2.492.2]
217.1
333.1
2,428.4
7,818.4
867.4
263.8
3,015.9
2.312.9
677.0
2,493.6
218.4
335.2
2,436.9
7,824.7
873.4
264.7
3,022.2
2,319.4
678.2
2.498.3
217.6
337.0
2,442.4
7,833.9
876.4
266.4
3,042.4
2.338.6
682.0
2.505.1
218.3
339.2
2,469.5
7.853.7
880.4
266.0
3.050.4
2,345.4
695.2
2,516.9
218.7
339.3
2,458.6
7,883.3
883.6]
266.5
3,053.9
2,350.6
685.7
2,520.3
218.7
341.1
2,464.2
7,867.2
886.2
264.9
3,060.5
2,347.4
683.7
2,526.4
219.9
342.6
2,471.3
7,900.7
889.0
265.7
3,061.5
2.352.5
679.6]
2.524.2]
220.4
341.9
2,481.9
7,946.5
892.0
268.3
3,069.3
2,353.9
683.8
2,532.51
220.1
See footnotes at end of table.
78
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994
1995
State
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.P
Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
82.0
12.6
106.0
41.4
461.1
95.3
50.0
16.5
8.9
293.5
138.6
81.6
12.2
106.2
41.5
460.6
95.8
49.6
16.5
9.1
294.3
138.9
82.1
11.9
107.4
41.5
463.5
97.6
49.2
16.9
9.3
295.7
139.7
82.5
12.1
108.5
42.1
466.1
97.0
48.9
17.5
9.5
300.6
137.4
82.4
12.2
109.5
42.6
468.3
97.7
49.3
17.4
9.6
302.0
141.9
83.7
12.3
111.0
43.2
472.7
98.1
49.4
17.6
9.7
303.4
144.2
82.4
12.7
114.0
43.9
474.1
98.3
49.8
17.6
9.8
303.5
142.9
83.2
13.3
115.0
44.3
474.3
99.4
49.8
17.8
9.8
304.9
147.4
83.6
13.1
115.8
44.9
476.5
100.5
50.4
17.9
9.7
304.9
148.2
85.3
13.3
116.6
44.4
453.8
101.5
52.6
17.6
9.7
308.5
150.7
84.3
13.2
117.4
44.4
487.7
101.0
52.4
17.5
9.4
308.4
147.7
85.0
12.8
115.5
44.7
477.6
103.4
51.6
17.9
9.6
308.7
152.4
85.8
12.8
113.5
44.9
484.9
98.4
51.1
18.5
9.7
308.5
151.9
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
29.6
28.9
211.7
126.5
53.9
48.8
74.9
102.7
21.3
125.4
29.4
29.1
213.2
127.0
53.6
49.1
74.7
100.4
20.8
126.3
29.2
29.7
215.5
128.3
53.4
49.4
74.8
102.7
20.5
126.8
29.0
30.0
217.5
129.5
53.8
50.3
76.7
104.1
21.2
126.4
29.2
30.1
217.1
129.2
53.5
49.8
76.7
105.9
21.3
126.5
29.2
30.4
217.7
130.9
53.8
49.5
77.2
107.3
21.5
126.9
29.1
30.3
218.4
131.2
53.7
50.3
77.8
106.8
22.0
127.4
29.1
30.5
218.5
132.2
54.7
50.7
78.5
107.6
21.9
128.5
28.7
30.0
216.3
132.8
54.4
50.2
76.9
108.5
22.0
128.8
27.8
30.9
212.1
131.5
57.0
51.1
72.5
110.6
21.8
127.3
27.2
31.0
209.0
133.0
57.8
51.1
70.9
108.1
21.7
125.4
27.4
31.5
212.0
134.6
57.1
51.8
75.1
108.5
21.8
128.1
27.3
32.1
213.0
133.8
55.8
52.1
75.0
106.0
22.2
128.4
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
86.7
141.9
80.8
43.7
110.8
14.5
33.8
54.1
18.0
122.1
86.1
141.2
80.7
44.0
112.2
14.9
33.5
54.9
17.9
123.1
87.2
141.4
81.6
44.6
112.9
15.0
33.6
55.5
18.1
123.9
89.0
143.9
81.8
45.1
113.3
15.6
33.6
56.6
18.2
124.3
89.5
143.5
81.1
45.4
112.8
15.7
33.6
57.2
17.8
125.1
89.2
145.4
80.7
44.5
113.5
15.8
33.8
56.6
18.2
124.7
89.4
147.7
80.9
44.7
112.5
15.7
33.6
56.4
18.6
124.6
89.7
149.5
80.2
45.0
112.1
15.6
33.8
56.8
19.3
125.5
90.3
150.8
80.7
45.5
112.7
15.2
33.2
57.4
19.9
125.1
92.3
153.4
81.0
48.4
115.6
16.1
32.8
56.1
20.4
126.9
91.5
154.0
81.4
47.7
116.1
15.7
33.0
56.7
21.0
126.5
92.3
159.5
82.3
46.9
118.1
16.0
32.6
57.3
21.1
127.6
91.5
161.3
81.7
47.8
118.9
15.9
32.4
57.5
20.7
127.9
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
40.8
246.8
165.0
12.7
203.3
46.4
60.0
201.6
13.4
84.4
40.3
249.3
165.4
12.6
206.7
46.6
60.7
203.3
13.2
83.9
40.6
249.6
166.4
12.9
207.5
46.8
61.0
203.8
13.4
83.6
41.7
251.1
167.5
12.9
206.3
47.4
61.9
204.7
13.1
85.1
42.0
252.4
167.9
13.0
206.5
47.5
62.5
204.7
13.2
84.4
42.7
254.6
168.7
13.2
206.9
48.2
64.1
205.4
13.0
84.4
43.0
256.6
169.5
13.4
208.1
49.0
64.9
205.4
13.4
84.2
43.9
257.5
170.6
13.5
210.1
49.3
65.0
206.4
13.5
84.4
44.3
256.8
171.6
13.2
211.2
49.4
65.9
206.9
13.7
84.9
45.3
257.3
171.7
13.2
213.9
49.7
65.3
206.9
13.7
84.9
46.1
257.0
170.6
13.1
214.0
48.6
65.6
205.9
13.1
83.6
46.6
254.7
174.7
13.1
214.9
48.9
67.2
206.9
12.9
84.9
47.2
254.6
176.8
12.8
213.4
49.3
67.6
205.1
12.4
84.8
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
13.9
101.4
376.2
46.4
11.7
162.7
123.5
35.6
98.1
13.9
13.9
101.1
374.0
47.1
11.7
163.2
123.5
35.4
98.4
13.6
14.0
101.4
376.3
48.4
11.8
164.0
124.0
35.4
99.0
13.6
14.1
101.3
381.9
48.4
11.6
164.4
123.9
34.5
98.8
13.6
14.1
100.8
383.7
49.1
11.6
164.9
124.4
34.7
98.3
13.7
14.2
101.1
386.9
50.1
11.7
165.4
124.9
35.4
99.2
13.8
14.3
101.8
389.6
50.5
12.2
166.1
126.2
35.4
101.2
13.9
14.4
103.5
392.6
50.6
12.1
166.8
125.7
36.2
100.7
13.9
14.4
103.2
396.5
50.3
11.8
168.1
125.8
36.3
100.7
14.2
14.8
105.5
403.2
50.9
11.7
170.1
125.4
35.5
99.3
14.6
14.3
105.2
402.8
51.4
11.9
168.9
124.5
33.6
96.4
14.6
14.2
108.2
406.2
52.3
12.4
171.4
125.1
35.5
100.0
14.5
14.4
108.1
401.4
53.4
12.3
172.3
124.4
37.0
100.6
14.7
See footnotes at end of table.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994
1995
State
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
383.5
14.8
191.1
251.0
1.773.1
189.1
285.4
64.3
13.1
483.1
572.5
384.6
15.8
191.8
252.1
1,773.4
189.9
285.9
64.1
13.1
482.7
573.1
385.0
16.8
193.3
253.2
1.773.4
190.5
285.3
63.6
13.0
483.6
574.8
384.5
16.5
193.4
254.6
1,776.4
191.8
285.5
61.2
13.0
484.6
574.0
387.5
17.1
194.4
256.5
1,775.0
191.6
284.7
63.7
13.0
484.0
580.3
388.1
17.4
195.3
258.3
1,775.1
192.1
283.8
63.7
13.0
484.1
580.3
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
18.1
71.6
953.8
659.1
243.5
187.2
302.8
185.9
91.5
179.1
18.0
71.9
956.0
660.6
243.9
188.0
303.5
186.5
91.4
179.2
17.9
71.9
959.9
661.3
245.5
189.4
305.3
187.0
91.4
179.3
17.6
72.0
952.3
656.8
247.0
188.1
305.6
187.9
91.7
179.5
17.6
72.2
952.3
664.1
245.6
187.7
305.6
188.3
91.7
178.0
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
449.0
943.9
413.2
259.3
412.7
22.9
108.1
33.0
100.5
511.4
448.6
942.1
414.2
260.1
411.8
22.9
108.1
33.2
100.5
510.4
448.4
950.0
415.5
261.0
411.7
23.0
108.8
33.4
100.8
509.6
450.9
949.8
417.7
261.8
413.8
23.2
109.1
33.8
101.5
510.8
44.7
958.3
856.2
21.0
1.063.3
170.7
219.9
940.4
87.8
375.5
44.7
955.9
857.3
21.1
1.064.6
171.0
220.0
940.6
87.5
375.5
44.8
953.5
857.4
21.4
1,066.5
171.3
221.4
942.6
87.4
376.6
42.7
536.6
1.002.7
115.1
43.9
404.5
336.8
81.6
578.3
9.8
43.1
537.3
1,005.1
115.7
43.9
404.8
336.0
81.5
579.1
9.9
43.5
539.1
1,007.1
116.1
43.8
404.1
336.3
81.5
583.4
10.0
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.P
389.2
16.9
196.5
259.4
1.771.6
193.1
284.1
63.7
13.1
484.7
582.7
389.5
16.0
196.6
260.4
1,769.2
194.0
283.2
63.2
13.1
484.7
584.5
390.0
15.4
196.3
261.0
1,770.5
194.8
282.7
63.2
13.1
485.2
586.4
390.4
16.9
197.7
262.6
1,767.2
193.9
282.6
63.0
13.1
485.8
586.3
390.1
18.5
199.3
263.7
1,772.2
194.8
282.0
63.2
13.1
486.7
588.0
390.2
17.6
199.9
263.0
1,771.3
194.3
282.0
63.4
13.0
486.2
589.7
388.7
15.9
200.2
262.1
1,770.6
194.5
282.4
62.8
13.1
486.6
587.9
17.6
72.6
953.2
665.1
247.0
189.8
306.7
188.6
91.8
178.8
17.5
73.8
954.2
666.4
247.0
191.5
307.3
190.1
92.1
178.9
17.3
73.7
953.8
671.9
247.9
191.7
308.7
190.7
92.4
179.0
17.3
74.3
953.8
675.7
248.9
191.8
309.5
191.5
92.8
178.6
17.1
75.0
956.1
678.6
249.1
191.9
310.7
191.6
93.2
178.7
17.1
74.5
957.0
682.1
250.7
192.8
312.5
190.9
93.1
178.7
17.0
74.9
956.5
681.1
250.6
193.6
312.5
190.9
92.4
178.5
17.0
74.8
957.0
678.5
251.8
194.0
311.0
191.1
92.5
178.5
450.2
955.2
417.8
262.4
419.4
23.2
109.2
34.3
100.8
512.2
448.7
957.5
417.5
261.3
419.9
23.3
109.3
34.7
100.7
509.5
447.8
963.1
418.6
261.5
421.7
23.4
109.9
35.0
100.8
508.5
447.6
964.4
420.3
261.6
421.9
23.5
111.3
35.0
101.3
508.6
447.8
964.9
420.6
261.2
421.8
23.6
111.8
35.2
101.3
507.3
447.9
977.4
422.6
258.6
422.8
23.7
111.9
34.8
101.1
507.2
449.2
977.0
422.8
258.9
424.7
23.6
112.2
35.0
101.2
508.2
449.5
978.2
424.4
258.0
423.8
23.9
112.4
35.1
100.8
506.6
448.8
979.7
424.4
257.5
423.9
23.9
112.0
35.0
101.3
503.4
45.3
957.6
860.2
21.1
1.063.9
171.8
221.4
944.8
87.4
377.7
46.0
954.8
861.3
21.6
1,073.6
170.3
220.1
944.3
87.2
376.4
46.1
950.4
861.0
21.7
1.073.7
170.8
220.2
942.0
86.8
376.5
45.8
948.6
862.5
21.6
1,080.5
171.7
221.7
945.5
86.5
376.4
45.8
946.4
863.0
21.9
1,083.0
171.8
223.3
946.6
86.6
375.9
46.0
944.3
864.4
21.9
1,086.5
172.2
224.5
948.1
86.7
375.1
46.4
949.7
868.2
21.9
1,088.3
173.4
225.7
947.1
87.2
374.2
46.6
949.2
869.6
21.8
1,094.3
173.9
225.3
947.0
86.2
375.8
46.4
949.3
868.2
21.9
1,097.0
175.9
225.4
946.1
86.1
375.4
46.9
948.7
868.6
22.0
1,097.7
175.2
225.0
946.0
85.8
375.5
43.9
540.6
1,011.5
117.1
44.0
404.6
336.1
81.5
583.7
9.9
44.1
539.8
1,012.0
117.2
44.0
403.1
336.9
81.5
584.3
10.1
44.6
540.1
1.013.1
117.7
44.3
403.9
337.1
81.8
584.9
10.1
45.0
539.7
1,014.7
118.8
44.3
406.3
338.5
82.4
588.0
10.2
45.3
540.2
1,015.9
119.3
44.2
406.6
339.8
82.7
591.9
10.2
45.6
541.3
1,017.2
119.7
44.2
406.1
340.2
82.9
593.2
10.2
45.8
542.4
1,018.8
120.1
44.3
404.7
341.9
82.6
595.1
10.2
46.1
541.2
1,022.8
119.7
44.2
404.7
343.0
82.9
596.8
10.4
46.0
540.4
1,026.0
121.0
44.7
405.0
342.5
83.1
598.1
10.3
46.4
537.6
1.028.1
121.0
44.8
405.1
342.5
83.4
598.4
10.3
Oct.
Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
80
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1995
State
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
86.3
23.3
83.5
58.0
609.1
106.9
70.1
15.1
21.1
295.0
209.3
86.5
23.2
84.4
58.9
612.9
107.7
70.0
15.2
21.0
296.2
212.1
86.8
23.4
84.9
59.4
613.3
107.8
70.0
15.1
21.2
295.2
212.5
86.7
23.5
86.0
59.8
616.6
108.3
70.5
15.2
20.9
294.4
212.3
86.7
23.5
86.8
60.0
616.0
107.8
70.5
15.5
21.1
295.9
212.8
86.8
23.6
87.2
60.2
615.8
107.2
70.4
15.4
21.0
296.5
210.2
86.5
23.8
86.3
60.5
614.8
106.9
70.5
15.7
20.9
296.8
210.1
86.7
23.8
86.7
60.7
613.7
106.7
70.6
15.6
21.0
297.5
210.0
86.7
23.6
87.0
61.5
610.9
106.8
70.6
15.8
21.0
299.0
209.8
86.3
23.8
89.0
61.0
608.4
106.9
70.6
15.3
20.4
299.4
208.3
86.6
23.7
90.2
61.4
610.9
106.7
71.1
15.7
20.4
299.4
208.6
86.2
23.7
89.7
61.6
612.9
107.0
70.7
15.5
20.5
300.3
208.9
86.2
23.8
89.5
62.1
614.6
107.2
71.1
15.8
20.2
299.8
209.6
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
42.1
21.4
315.9
136.3
58.6
67.4
87.6
110.9
22.7
102.6
42.1
21.7
315.1
137.7
58.7
67.8
88.3
110.4
22.8
103.4
42.0
22.0
317.7
137.9
58.7
67.8
88.6
110.5
22.8
103.6
41.7
22.0
316.9
138.6
59.1
68.1
89.6
111.2
22.8
104.4
41.7
22.1
316.7
138.4
58.8
68.3
89.5
111.7
22.5
104.5
41.8
22.3
317.3
138.2
59.2
68.5
89.5
111.5
22.8
104.3
41.4
22.5
318.2
138.0
60.0
69.2
89.9
113.1
23.3
104.0
41.4
22.5
318.9
138.2
60.0
69.4
90.5
113.2
22.9
103.4
41.5
22.5
319.1
137.3
59.7
69.3
90.6
114.0
22.9
103.1
41.6
22.7
319.4
136.1
59.6
69.7
88.7
115.9
22.7
104.2
41.7
22.7
321.2
137.0
59.8
70.1
89.6
114.5
22.7
105.2
41.6
23.0
322.2
137.1
60.1
70.2
90.4
114.2
22.8
104.8
41.4
22.9
322.5
139.5
60.3
70.1
90.2
113.6
23.0
105.0
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
125.4
157.4
111.9
47.5
153.2
20.5
47.3
37.1
19.0
239.9
126.8
163.6
113.4
48.4
155.1
20.8
47.9
37.3
19.0
243.0
126.7
163.3
113.8
48.7
156.1
20.9
48.2
37.7
18.9
243.5
127.9
162.8
114.5
48.4
156.3
20.8
48.0
38.1
18.8
244.3
127.7
162.8
113.1
48.5
157.2
20.8
48.3
38.5
18.7
245.1
127.5
163.7
115.2
48.2
156.7
20.9
48.5
38.6
18.7
244.8
127.8
164.1
115.3
48.0
157.0
21.0
49.0
38.9
18.8
245.1
127.2
164.4
115.5
48.8
157.1
21.0
49.1
39.1
18.9
245.1
127.1
164.6
115.9
47.9
157.4
21.1
49.5
38.9
18.8
244.7
126.5
166.3
116.7
48.3
158.2
20.8
49.4
39.1
19.0
245.4
126.0
165.6
116.6
48.4
157.8
20.8
49.5
39.1
19.2
246.0
126.0
166.2
116.6
48.0
157.5
20.6
49.9
39.4
19.8
246.1
126.0
164.7
115.8
47.1
157.9
20.5
49.8
39.5
20.1
246.6
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
28.7
400.0
160.1
18.3
214.8
72.7
67.7
268.9
14.9
68.9
30.2
403.9
161.4
18.4
223.8
73.1
68.6
272.9
14.5
70.3
30.0
403.2
161.7
18.5
224.1
73.1
68.9
274.1
14.8
70.6
30.0
399.7
162.4
18.5
224.3
73.3
68.8
273.6
14.8
70.4
30.0
399.2
161.8
18.5
223.7
73.1
69.2
273.1
14.9
70.4
30.1
399.5
161.1
18.8
224.0
73.1
69.1
273.4
14.8
70.2
30.1
398.4
160.9
19.1
224.7
72.9
69.2
274.2
14.8
70.4
30.6
397.6
161.1
19.1
224.9
73.5
69.1
274.0
14.6
70.3
30.6
397.3
160.6
19.2
225.3
74.1
70.3
273.0
14.6
70.4
30.6
395.4
160.3
19.0
225.2
73.5
69.9
270.9
14.5
70.4
30.8
395.2
159.7
19.1
226.8
73.2
69.4
271.6
14.6
70.8
30.8
395.8
160.4
19.3
226.8
73.2
70.1
272.2
14.4
71.9
30.9
395.1
160.1
19.1
227.6
73.1
70.0
272.8
14.2
72.0
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
15.5
127.2
451.5
48.1
11.4
150.4
114.5
39.6
111.9
13.8
15.5
130.5
454.9
49.0
11.5
151.3
115.5
39.6
114.9
14.0
15.6
135.8
456.6
49.4
11.4
151.0
116.0
39.8
114.8
14.1
15.6
136.0
458.1
49.4
11.5
153.1
116.5
40.1
115.9
14.1
15.7
136.1
460.0
49.9
11.4
152.9
117.5
40.1
115.6
14.1
15.6
136.0
461.9
50.0
11.6
153.0
117.7
40.1
116.6
14.1
15.8
135.9
465.0
50.1
11.5
155.3
118.8
40.2
116.8
14.2
15.9
135.9
468.8
50.6
11.4
155.6
119.1
40.3
116.8
14.2
15.9
135.9
471.9
50.8
11.4
155.4
119.3
40.5
117.3
14.2
15.9
137.0
468.9
51.1
11.5
155.7
118.6
40.9
117.5
14.1
16.1
137.2
470.4
51.3
11.6
156.6
119.0
41.1
118.5
14.2
15.9
137.6
472.3
51.5
11.6
157.5
117.9
40.9
119.1
14.1
16.0
138.4
471.1
50.8
11.5
158.4
118.4
41.0
118.7
13.8
See footnotes at end of table.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994
State
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
389.2
52.5
405.7
229.3
2,824.0
422.6
335.2
77.6
53.0
1,495.0
806.1
389.6
52.9
407.5
230.5
2,827.5
423.2
335.3
78.2
52.7
1,498.4
808.3
391.2
53.1
408.5
231.8
2,828.0
426.0
336.7
78.5
52.7
1,502.6
812.4
394.3
53.1
412.9
234.3
2,822.1
429.2
336.3
79.1
52.9
1,505.0
815.9
394.7
53.6
415.3
235.4
2,823.1
429.6
336.8
79.1
52.5
1,511.9
817.8
395.9
53.7
416.1
236.4
2,823.6
431.6
336.9
79.1
52.7
1,516.5
821.9
397.2
53.7
420.2
237.5
2,822.0
433.1
337.6
78.8
52.9
1,523.9
825.4
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
132.4
115.5
1,268.1
637.1
328.2
280.2
375.4
395.6
133.5
513.1
132.0
116.1
1,265.9
640.2
328.5
280.9
376.5
395.6
133.5
512.1
132.1
117.1
1,279.6
645.2
329.2
282.6
378.0
397.0
134.0
513.1
132.3
117.2
1,277.3
646.7
335.7
282.6
380.8
399.8
136.6
515.3
132.9
117.6
1,276.0
648.0
334.8
283.9
382.1
402.3
137.0
515.4
133.5
118.0
1,279.1
650.0
335.0
284.6
383.2
405.4
136.6
516.1
661.8
968.8
555.8
217.4
583.7
91.9
196.9
142.7
134.1
829.3
662.1
969.4
557.9
218.3
584.9
91.8
197.3
143.4
133.8
833.1
664.6
971.7
559.5
219.5
586.1
92.2
197.8
143.8
134.4
835.1
671.1
970.7
560.2
219.3
587.6
93.4
200.8
144.6
135.7
835.6
674.9
969.8
560.9
219.8
587.1
93.9
198.2
145.8
134.4
837.9
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
154.0
1,577.4
757.1
76.4
1,222.6
299.2
339.9
1,163.1
94.8
363.8
154.7
1,574.4
757.1
76.5
1,224.0
299.5
340.8
1,166.3
94.9
362.9
155.5
1,578.7
760.8
76.6
1,226.1
299.5
341.5
1,167.4
95.0
365.2
156.4
1,579.5
767.9
76.8
1,228.6
301.8
343.0
1,165.6
94.4
367.2
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
84.0
556.8
1,864.4
203.0
62.1
671.4
559.4
153.1
566.2
49.6
84.1
559.3
1,868.5
204.0
62.7
671.6
561.0
153.7
566.5
49.8
84.2
563.1
1,874.2
205.1
62.9
674.7
563.1
154.1
567.7
49.9
85.2
566.7
1,879.3
206.8
62.6
676.9
563.8
153.8
570.9
50.2
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
397.3
54.0
422.8
239.1
2,826.1
435.6
336.2
78.6
53.1
1,528.4
829.4
400.9
54.2
425.3
239.3
2,831.9
436.7
335.3
78.7
53.1
1,536.8
834.2
402.5
54.1
420.6
240.3
2,818.0
444.9
332.9
79.0
53.1
1,532.9
838.6
402.6
54.0
421.5
240.8
2,823.7
444.6
333.7
78.8
53.4
1,540.9
847.6
402.6
53.7
423.5
240.3
2,828.5
445.1
334.7
78.8
53.4
1,546.2
845.2
402.5
53.5
427.5
242.0
2,825.7
443.6
336.5
79.6
54.1
1,552.1
847.7
133.3
118.8
1,287.6
653.7
333.0
285.5
384.5
407.9
135.4
518.2
135.0
119.8
1,293.8
660.0
333.9
285.8
385.8
410.9
135.4
518.6
135.6
119.5
1,298.3
664.4
335.6
286.4
386.9
415.1
136.2
521.8
135.3
119.8
1,299.8
663.6
332.0
287.0
382.2
411.2
136.7
516.6
134.7
120.0
1,297.7
665.0
332.3
288.4
384.6
414.6
137.5
515.8
134.4
120.5
1,299.5
664.7
333.7
288.1
387.9
413.9
137.6
517.8
134.0
120.5
1,295.3
663.6
336.0
288.5
390.4
414.6
137.9
519.2
676.6
972.5
561.8
219.5
593.2
94.3
199.3
146.4
135.6
840.7
677.6
971.1
563.9
218.7
598.7
94.4
201.4
146.6
135.5
844.3
677.4
978.1
565.5
220.2
600.9
94.4
201.9
148.0
136.0
846.6
674.3
979.7
566.9
220.4
604.3
95.0
202.3
148.9
135.5
850.2
675.6
985.2
568.6
221.6
605.3
94.7
201.2
150.1
136.8
846.2
676.6
991.2
570.7
220.0
609.8
95.1
203.1
150.2
136.7
852.2
678.6
992.7
570.9
217.8
611.4
95.0
202.8
151.1
136.5
852.9
682.5
991.2
573.4
219.2
614.9
94.4
203.2
151.3
136.9
854.6
156.7
1,583.4
769.6
77.2
1,228.7
302.2
344.3
1,169.3
95.2
367.8
157.8
1,584.1
771.3
77.1
1,229.0
302.3
344.4
1,169.4
95.0
368.5
159.1
1,585.8
773.3
77.1
1,231.5
304.2
346.2
1,174.7
97.0
369.3
160.2
1,585.1
775.6
77.6
1,232.1
306.7
350.1
1,175.0
97.0
370.7
160.5
1,585.1
778.5
77.8
1,232.2
308.1
350.0
1,177.9
97.3
372.3
161.0
1,592.0
777.0
77.5
1,236.2
306.5
352.4
1,176.3
96.7
370.6
162.0
1,587.8
779.0
77.5
1,240.9
306.6
353.2
1,174.4
96.7
371.0
162.8
1,587.5
781.0
78.1
1,240.7
304.6
355.2
1,171.3
97.1
373.2
163.0
1,589.4
782.3
79.0
1,243.3
305.1
354.3
1,173.3
97.2
374.3
84.8
567.7
1,887.8
207.9
62.8
679.3
567.0
154.8
570.7
50.5
84.9
569.2
1,893.4
209.1
62.9
683.1
569.4
156.0
574.2
50.7
86.0
572.0
1,896.6
210.2
63.2
688.4
574.2
157.6
575.6
50.9
86.3
574.8
1,902.8
211.5
63.1
689.3
576.7
158.0
579.6
50.9
86.6
579.0
1,914.2
212.4
63.3
692.0
578.9
158.8
581.7
51.1
87.2
579.6
1.903.5
212.4
63.4
695.5
578.2
158.9
582.2
51.4
87.8
582.6
1,911.9
212.9
63.2
693.7
579.9
156.3
583.0
51.3
87.3
585.8
1,927.1
212.7
64.1
695.5
580.6
156.9
581.6
51.0
86.5
587.3
1,943.0
214.8
63.8
698.0
582.6
157.3
582.3
51.1
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Wholesale and retail trade
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
See footnotes at end of table.
82
I
I
1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994
State
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.p
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
77.0
12.0
110.0
41.6
798.0
110.5
137.5
38.5
31.5
374.4
172.5
77.1
12.0
110.5
41.7
794.9
110.6
137.1
38.7
31.3
374.2
172.9
77.2
12.1
111.0
41.8
790.4
110.7
136.4
39.1
31.3
374.7
173.5
76.9
12.1
111.5
41.9
788.9
110.6
134.6
39.2
31.4
377.0
173.2
77.0
12.1
111.9
42.0
786.4
110.5
134.6
39.3
31.4
377.2
173.2
76.9
12.2
112.1
42.0
783.3
110.4
134.6
39.6
31.3
378.3
173.7
77.0
12.0
111.7
42.0
780.6
110.4
135.0
39.8
31.0
379.5
173.9
77.3
11.9
111.5
42.2
778.9
110.6
135.2
40.1
31.1
379.1
175.0
77.5
11.9
112.6
42.3
776.5
111.0
135.2
40.2
31.1
379.2
175.1
77.3
11.8
112.7
42.3
774.3
110.8
134.3
40.3
30.9
380.3
175.4
77.4
11.9
111.5
42.5
774.6
110.5
134.7
40.6
31.2
380.9
175.4
77.3
11.9
111.5
42.7
772.0
110.8
133.4
40.6
31.3
381.4
175.1
76.8
12.0
110.6
42.8
770.8
110.9
133.3
40.8
31.4
382.1
175.0
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
38.8
24.0
394.6
131.9
76.2
58.8
63.9
79.8
26.4
135.4
38.7
24.3
394.0
131.8
76.4
58.7
64.1
79.9
26.5
135.6
38.7
24.2
395.0
132.2
76.5
58.7
64.5
80.0
26.5
134.8
38.4
24.2
395.5
131.6
76.7
58.8
65.2
80.3
26.5
134.4
38.2
24.2
395.0
131.4
76.7
58.8
65.3
80.5
26.5
133.7
38.4
24.3
394.6
130.5
77.0
58.8
65.2
80.6
26.7
133.4
38.3
24.3
394.9
130.9
77.3
58.7
65.0
80.7
26.8
133.3
38.3
24.4
395.1
129.9
77.4
58.7
64.9
80.8
26.8
132.9
38.2
24.5
395.3
129.1
77.7
58.6
64.7
80.8
26.9
132.7
38.0
24.3
395.3
128.4
77.9
58.4
63.6
81.0
26.8
132.3
37.6
24.4
396.1
129.0
77.8
58.4
63.4
81.2
26.7
132.5
38.1
24.3
397.2
129.3
78.1
58.1
63.7
81.6
26.8
132.5
38.3
24.5
396.5
129.4
78.2
58.5
63.6
81.2
26.7
131.8
207.8
197.5
141.5
39.5
146.5
15.5
51.3
34.1
29.6
231.9
208.0
197.4
141.1
39.5
146.3
15.7
51.4
34.3
29.6
231.5
208.4
198.0
140.2
39.6
146.1
15.7
51.3
34.3
29.6
231.9
209.6
198.2
139.9
39.4
147.8
15.8
51.5
34.2
29.4
231.0
209.8
197.0
139.9
39.6
147.2
15.8
51.4
34.5
29.5
230.7
209.8
196.4
139.7
39.3
147.0
15.8
51.6
34.5
29.5
231.4
209.7
195.9
139.6
39.4
147.4
15.8
51.8
34.6
29.4
231.8
209.7
195.5
139.4
39.3
147.3
15.8
51.9
34.7
29.5
231.1
209.6
195.2
139.4
39.3
147.7
15.8
52.0
34.8
29.2
231.1
209.8
195.7
138.4
39.1
147.1
15.8
51.9
34.4
29.4
231.3
209.9
194.5
138.6
39.3
147.1
15.9
52.1
34.6
29.4
232.1
210.7
195.2
139.3
39.2
147.2
15.9
52.2
35.1
29.5
232.8
210.5
194.4
139.9
38.9
146.4
16.0
52.3
35.3
29.7
232.8
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
29.3
738.5
141.9
13.9
270.3
64.1
89.1
310.3
25.8
68.3
29.4
737.9
142.0
14.0
270.0
64.0
89.1
310.7
25.7
68.5
29.5
739.7
142.6
13.9
270.3
63.9
88.8
310.6
25.7
68.9
29.3
739.3
143.3
14.0
271.0
64.3
89.0
310.3
25.5
68.7
29.5
738.8
143.6
14.0
270.9
64.2
89.4
310.5
25.6
68.8
29.8
738.8
144.0
13.9
271.0
64.3
88.6
311.2
25.4
68.9
30.3
738.2
144.0
13.9
271.4
64.1
88.7
310.8
25.1
69.1
30.5
737.3
144.2
13.8
271.6
64.2
88.7
311.3
25.2
69.2
30.7
737.3
144.4
13.9
271.3
64.5
89.1
311.7
25.2
69.0
30.8
735.5
144.8
14.0
271.2
64.4
88.5
312.6
25.5
68.7
30.9
734.0
144.9
14.1
271.3
64.2
88.6
311.9
25.6
68.7
31.1
732.0
146.1
14.2
272.0
64.4
89.1
312.8
25.2
68.9
31.2
730.6
146.5
14.1
272.4
64.4
89.9
312.1
25.3
69.1
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
18.1
107.5
441.1
46.0
12.1
164.0
125.6
25.7
134.2
7.9
18.2
108.1
441.0
45.9
12.2
164.5
125.4
25.8
134.2
7.9
18.1
108.4
441.0
46.0
12.1
164.5
125.3
25.7
133.9
7.9
18.1
108.7
443.0
46.1
12.1
164.4
124.6
25.8
134.3
7.9
18.1
109.0
443.7
46.2
12.2
164.4
124.4
25.9
134.6
7.9
18.2
109.0
444.7
46.3
12.2
164.5
123.9
26.0
134.7
8.0
18.3
109.1
445.7
46.4
12.2
165.6
123.5
26.1
134.8
7.9
18.3
109.2
446.6
46.9
12.2
165.7
123.4
26.0
135.2
7.9
18.4
109.2
447.6
47.5
12.2
166.4
123.2
25.9
135.6
7.9
18.5
109.3
445.7
47.6
12.2
166.1
122.7
26.1
135.9
7.9
18.5
109.5
445.3
47.9
12.3
165.8
122.7
26.2
136.3
8.0
18.8
109.9
445.1
47.4
12.3
166.7
122.9
26.1
136.6
7.9
18.9
109.9
445.2
47.5
12.3
167.4
122.9
25.9
136.3
8.0
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
!
I
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
State
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
372.3
57.3
472.8
227.6
3,530.9
496.5
448.1
90.4
258.2
1,900.1
764.6
372.7
57.5
473.5
227.3
3,542.2
501.1
448.1
90.4
258.8
1,911.7
768.2
374.4
57.8
477.8
227.6
3.549.9
504.5
449.8
91.2
260.4
1,923.4
773.2
374.1
58.2
481.9
229.7
3,555.0
508.7
450.5
92.0
259.9
1,936.7
779.6
375.1
58.7
485.3
230.4
3,564.1
508.5
452.4
92.4
261.0
1,943.7
785.6
376.3
59.2
485.4
231.8
3,575.8
508.8
453.5
92.3
261.7
1,954.0
792.1
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
163.4
101.4
1,500.5
607.9
324.0
274.2
374.9
435.1
139.9
664.5
163.5
102.0
1,503.5
609.1
325.1
274.6
377.5
438.8
140.7
666.7
163.6
102.7
1,512.9
609.3
327.8
276.5
378.6
442.1
140.5
670.7
163.9
103.6
1,526.2
612.5
329.7
278.1
381.6
448.4
141.9
672.6
163.3
104.3
1,526.4
610.9
329.9
279.0
382.0
449.4
142.6
671.7
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
967.1
1,062.0
631.3
219.1
656.4
90.7
200.1
322.1
143.1
1,037.7
966.8
1,065.4
633.2
222.0
657.7
91.1
200.5
323.9
143.3
1,038.2
969.4
1,069.8
636.2
225.2
663.7
91.3
202.1
327.5
144.2
1,041.4
976.9
1,078.8
638.4
227.2
669.7
92.7
202.0
328.1
146.2
1,043.2
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
174.1
2,446.7
722.9
79.7
1,323.6
313.3
340.7
1,555.7
136.5
341.6
174.7
2,451.6
723.3
80.0
1,325.7
314.3
342.3
1,557.0
136.1
342.2
175.4
2,458.1
727.6
80.2
1,327.3
316.3
345.0
1,561.6
137.5
344.7
South Dakota
Tennessee
86.0
598.2
1,987.3
221.3
76.7
820.1
591.9
172.7
611.1
44.8
86.1
599.8
1,985.4
222.6
76.9
821.4
592.4
173.4
610.1
45.0
86.7
603.6
1,995.8
224.2
76.8
826.8
594.9
173.8
611.9
45.1
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
376.4
59.4
488.5
233.0
3,577.9
509.0
456.2
91.3
262.6
1,960.1
797.2
376.7
59.3
489.5
233.1
3,588.2
509.0
456.0
92.3
261.2
1.967.4
809.0
377.3
59.4
493.8
232.5
3,594.0
513.0
456.4
92.3
261.5
1,975.0
814.2
376.5
59.0
495.6
233.3
3,595.3
517.8
452.7
91.6
260.1
1.987.4
814.6
376.9
59.2
499.5
234.0
3,624.2
518.4
453.2
92.8
259.4
1,995.5
818.2
377.2
59.4
502.1
236.3
3,631.4
520.0
453.5
92.9
260.6
2,000.7
825.1
378.6
59.5
502.0
237.5
3,637.1
519.2
455.9
92.8
260.8
2,010.3
828.2
164.0
104.4
1,530.4
612.3
329.4
279.9
384.4
452.1
142.7
674.1
164.9
104.8
1,534.8
618.2
330.1
282.0
381.9
456.5
142.9
673.9
164.8
104.8
1,537.4
618.8
330.8
282.4
381.8
461.2
143.2
673.7
165.0
105.7
1,539.6
621.7
331.7
282.9
381.9
463.2
143.6
673.6
165.1
106.5
1,544.2
617.7
332.7
282.1
380.3
466.4
146.1
676.1
165.2
106.9
1,550.3
624.2
333.5
282.9
381.8
469.4
147.0
675.6
165.0
107.2
1,555.4
623.8
336.5
283.9
383.0
470.6
147.9
679.6
165.3
106.2
1,553.3
626.6
339.4
285.7
385.7
474.1
147.6
680.8
981.8
1,083.1
639.1
225.0
670.5
92.7
203.5
332.8
146.4
1,047.1
987.1
1,086.1
640.3
222.4
672.3
93.1
203.5
334.9
146.0
1,049.3
989.3
1,089.3
643.3
221.2
675.8
93.4
203.9
335.5
146.4
1,049.1
992.3
1,090.9
645.3
220.2
677.1
93.5
204.3
336.3
147.1
1,049.6
996.0
1,095.1
646.6
221.8
679.2
93.6
205.3
337.5
146.9
1,052.5
987.7
1,098.0
644.9
216.3
674.0
94.2
207.2
337.5
146.0
1,053.5
994.4
1,102.3
649.1
219.4
681.4
94.7
208.4
340.5
146.9
1,057.2
995.7
1,102.5
652.1
218.3
684.5
94.9
209.4
342.4
147.4
1,060.0
1,000.6
1,108.0
655.3
219.2
688.3
95.9
208.9
343.0
147.1
1,065.2
176.8
2,467.5
728.7
81.0
1,328.8
317.3
347.9
1,566.8
137.2
347.2
177.3
2,470.4
730.2
81.0
1,330.6
318.4
349.8
1,570.3
137.9
348.2
179.5
2,473.7
733.1
81.4
1,332.6
319.6
351.2
1,570.8
137.1
348.8
181.7
2,476.8
735.8
82.0
1,339.2
324.6
353.6
1,573.6
136.4
346.9
182.5
2,478.7
737.8
82.5
1,342.6
327.2
354.5
1,575.4
136.5
349.3
182.7
2,482.5
739.3
83.1
1,347.4
329.9
356.5
1,573.7
136.6
349.9
184.0
2,487.0
740.3
82.7
1,348.8
327.3
354.7
1,573.0
136.5
348.2
184.2
2,495.3
739.2
83.2
1,356.6
327.5
356.1
1,582.9
136.3
350.3
185.5
2,505.4
742.7
83.1
1,363.0
325.7
360.6
1,582.0
136.9
351.9
186.3
2,513.2
742.4
83.5
1,362.2
328.2
361.6
1,577.2
137.1
353.7
87.1
605.7
2,022.6
226.1
76.5
830.0
598.9
174.4
617.8
45.2
87.2
604.6
2,033.0
228.3
76.6
835.8
602.4
175.0
622.9
45.2
87.7
607.7
2,030.6
230.0
76.5
838.1
604.9
175.5
623.1
45.2
88.1
609.6
2,029.4
229.9
77.5
845.4
610.1
177.2
622.5
45.7
88.5
611.5
2,031.5
231.3
77.1
850.1
613.4
177.1
623.4
45.6
88.9
613.8
2,039.5
232.6
77.5
851.8
615.7
177.8
625.4
45.8
89.3
615.8
2,033.4
233.8
76.1
855.6
613.3
177.3
626.3
46.1
89.8
619.0
2,052.3
235.3
76.6
856.3
615.7
177.4
628.0
46.4
89.6
622.8
2,073.6
235.4
77.3
859.1
618.4
177.7
631.5
46.2
88.9
628.3
2,088.8
237.7
78.8
863.6
621.3
177.3
632.2
46.4
Services
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
84
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
State
Apr.
May
June
345.1
74.1
287.3
171.4
2,088.0
299.6
215.1
50.3
274.4
903.3
563.8
343.9
74.1
288.3
171.9
2,091.6
298.3
215.7
50.6
272.8
901.2
561.6
348.6
73.8
273.0
172.8
2,093.2
297.7
216.8
50.4
270.9
902.9
562.8
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
112.0
92.6
778.5
396.2
224.5
228.9
279.6
347.7
94.4
419.4
110.3
92.7
780.3
394.4
225.4
232.6
279.5
347.2
94.9
418.3
113.2
92.5
779.2
386.5
229.0
233.4
279.2
347.7
94.9
418.6
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
388.8
637.0
356.0
213.6
383.8
75.2
150.4
91.4
75.7
566.7
388.3
637.7
356.8
213.8
383.4
75.2
151.6
91.5
75.4
567.4
389.7
634.4
361.5
214.9
384.5
74.9
150.7
90.0
75.6
569.6
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
161.3
1,426.2
535.1
67.0
739.1
269.4
232.4
712.9
61.4
294.7
161.8
1,426.0
537.3
67.0
737.6
269.5
233.3
712.4
61.1
295.5
164.4
1,421.9
539.0
66.7
740.7
271.1
231.7
716.1
61.1
296.6
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
67.3
369.3
1,404.0
161.0
44.5
603.3
435.5
133.9
364.7
57.8
67.3
370.7
1,407.7
160.8
44.8
603.0
436.0
145.8
365.8
57.8
67.9
365.4
1,413.6
161.2
44.8
604.4
438.0
134.7
364.9
57.6
Aug.
Sept.
341.7
74.1
284.7
175.3
2,097.2
302.0
220.4
51.1
266.3
892.0
562.5
346.61
74.0
294.5
172.0
2,098.3
301.3
221.5
50.9
266.5
909.9
562.2
112.0
92.9
786.1
383.5
224.8
225.8
278.5
348.8
93.01
419.3
112.1
92.7
790.9
381.0
225.8
233.1
278.8
348.6
92.4
419.3
112.3
93.3
787.6
389.7
226.6
234.2
286.1
351.0
92.5
422.1
388.1
636.9
360.0
219.7
385.3
74.7
150.4
92.8
78.3
569.2
389.6
637.7
360.7
222.4
382.9
77.8
151.2
93.1
78.1
569.7]
163.61
1,426.3
536.9
67.3
736.4
271.9
233.5
712.8
61.8
297.7
67.6
365.9
1,423.9
161.3
44.8
603.2
434.4
132.7
368.3
58.8
July
Oct.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Government
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
= preliminary.
340.6
73.71
270.0
174.0
2,091.3
300.9
219.1
50.6
268.7
899.9
562.5
344.4
73.3
286.2
173.1
2,104.5
300.9
219.3
50.8
265.7
909.4
570.6
357.7
73.5
288.7
173.4
2,103.8
300.4
219.5
50.8
264.6
950.5
571.7
343.6
73.1
287.8
173.6
2,103.5
301.8
219.6
50.9
263.9
913.3
571.3
343.7
73.8
289.7
173.9
2,102.5
300.6
215.9
50.8
260.8
910.9
569.6
345.0
73.7
291.6
174.3
2,102.0
301.9
215.3
51.1
261.6]
920.91
571.9
292.4
174.4
2,103.7
303.2
215.6
51.1
260.1
926.1
573.2
112.4
94.0
787.4
388.1
227.2
236.2
284.61
355.4
92.7
422.4
112.3
94.1
787.8
389.5
229.9
245.4
285.6
356.1
92.6
423.2
112.3
94.9
785.8
390.0
228.0
236.8
285.4
356.7
92.8]
423.2
111.4
94.5
779.3
390.4
226.7
237.3
285.0
358.0
91.6
422.8
112.0
94.8
789.0
392.5
226.7
237.5|
287.2
357.6
92.3
420.5
111.6
95.0
787.5
393.1
226.9
238.1
288.1
359.7
92.3
418.5
395.8
640.1
358.7
218.7
387.0
77.0
151.1
94.6
77.7
570.1
396.4
639.4
361.2
219.7]
387.7]
76.7
151.1
93.5
77.6
571.1
397.0
645.6
361.5
220.0
390.4
78.5
155.5
95.0
77.5
569.8
396.6]
641.7|
361.4
220.1
390.0
76.0]
151.0]
94.3
77.2
570.1
396.0
638.5
363.6
220.3
388.2
76.7
150.7
94.4
77.3
569.9]
394.5
644.5
362.8
221.7
393.0
76.7
150.9
95.0
77.4
571.8
393.2
642.7
364.1
222.7
394.9
77.1
150.5
95.7
77.3
571.6
162.8
1,424.01
545.5
67.7
739.7
271.91
234.9
713.4
61.7
297.4
163.0
1,415.4
547.0
68.0
748.4
271.4
235.7
722.4
61.5
297.4
163.9
1,412.6
550.3
67.3
743.4
270.9
236.7
719.3
61.7
296.4
166.4
1,415.7
551.7
67.2
742.4
271.4
239.1
719.6
62.4 j
310.1
165.2
1,408.7
551.5
67.1
743.8
272.2
237.8
720.6
61.7
295.0
165.1
1,406.8
551.7
66.9
740.9
268.8
237.8
721.6
61.9
295.4
165.7
1,405.8
553.3
67.0
742.5
268.8
238.3
719.3
62.0
295.8
165.9
1,398.3
555.2
67.2
745.4
268.8
239.0
718.0
61.4
296.0
66.8
365.7
1,434.7
160.5
44.7
603.5
436.9
136.7
364.7
59.4
67.6
369.1
1,431.0
161.8
45.0
602.4
438.1
135.2
363.1
58.1
67.1
369.6
1,431.4
162.1
44.9
603.7
443.7
134.7
363.7
58.0
68.11
389.8
1,434.6
161.8
45.3
604.7
443.8
146.8
366.8
58.5
67.2
371.6
1,436.9
161.9
45.6
602.5
443.9
135.6
363.9
57.8
67.3
369.6
1,436.1
162.0
45.3
601.3
443.9
135.2
367.5
58.1
67.5
371.8
1,438.9
162.3
45.3
604.1
444.3
135.1
362.5
57.8
67.6
372.3
1,439.2
163.6
45.2
602.8
443.0
136.1
362.9
58.2
344.7
73.91
NOTE: All data have been adjusted 1 i March 1994 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1994
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Total private
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.6
34.7
34.9
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.6
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.4
41.3
44.6
44.9
45.4
44.6
44.9
44.8
44.9
44.7
44.9
44.9
May"
34.6
Goods-producing
Apr.p
44.6
Mining
2
2
2
Construction
()
()
()
0
()
()
()
()
()
()
(2)
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
42.0
4.6
42.0
4.7
42.0
4.7
42.0
4.7
42.1
4.8
42.1
4.7
42.1
4.8
42.1
4.8
42.2
4.9
42.1
4.8
42.0
4.7
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
42.9
5.0
41.3
40.4
43.5
44.7
44.8
42.8
43.7
42.2
44.3
45.8
41.7
40.2
42.8
5.0
41.4
40.7
43.5
44.5
44.5
42.7
43.8
42.2
44.1
45.5
41.6
40.2
42.7
5.0
41.2
40.5
43.5
44.6
44.8
42.7
43.6
42.2
43.6
44.8
41.9
40.2
42.9
5.0
41.2
40.5
43.4
44.7
45.1
42.9
43.6
42.2
44.4
45.9
41.8
40.0
42.9
5.1
41.0
40.7
43.6
44.9
45.3
42.9
43.8
42.0
44.3
45.9
41.8
39.9
42.9
5.0
41.3
40.7
43.5
44.9
45.5
42.9
43.7
42.2
44.4
45.8
41.9
40.1
43.0
5.1
41.1
40.6
43.5
45.0
45.6
43.0
43.8
42.1
44.7
46.4
41.8
40.0
43.0
5.1
41.2
40.4
43.5
45.0
45.6
43.0
43.8
42.0
44.7
46.2
41.7
39.9
43.0
5.3
41.2
40.8
43.6
44.8
45.7
43.2
44.0
42.1
44.6
46.1
41.8
40.1
43.0
5.2
40.9
40.5
43.3
44.8
45.4
43.1
44.0
41.9
44.7
46.1
41.7
40.2
42.8
5.1
40.7
39.8
43.4
44.5
45.1
42.8
43.9
41.8
44.5
45.8
41.7
39.9
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.9
4.2
41.0
41.0
4.3
41.2
41.1
4.3
41.6
40.9
4.2
41.3
41.0
4.3
41.4
41.0
4.3
41.3
41.0
4.3
41.5
41.1
4.3
41.5
41.0
4.4
41.5
41.0
4.3
41.3
40.9
4.2
41.3
41.7
37.7
43.9
38.8
43.3
41.8
37.7
44.0
38.7
43.2
0
0
41.7
37.6
44.2
38.6
43.3
41.6
37.6
44.1
38.6
43.2
41.6
37.6
43.9
38.6
43.2
41.8
37.7
44.0
38.7
43.4
41.5
37.6
43.9
38.6
43.4
41.6
37.7
44.0
38.7
43.2
41.8
37.5
44.0
38.5
43.3
42.2
42.2
38.4
(2)
(2)
41.8
37.6
43.7
38.4
43.4
(2)
(2)
41.9
37.7
43.9
38.5
43.4
42.3
42.2
42.3
38.6
42.3
39.0
42.3
38.7
42.3
38.6
42.3
42.3
38.4
42.0
38.0
38.6
32.8
33.0
32.7
32.8
32.8
32.7
40.0
40.0
39.8
39.6
39.9
39.7
38.4
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.3
38.2
28.9
29.2
28.9
28.9
29.0
28.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
0
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
2
(2)
(2)
2
(2)
(2)
38.5
32.8
32.9
39.9
39.9
38.4
38.4
Retail trade
29.0
28.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and
86
2
(2)
(2)
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
(2)
2
(2)
0
38.0
38.4
32.7
39.7
39.8
39.5
38.4
38.4
(2)
()
(2)
32.7
32.9
(2)
(2)
38.2
28.8
29.0
2
()
(2)
(2)
2
()
28.8
(2)
(2)
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and may differ slightly
from data previously published. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982 = 100)
1994
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Total private
129.5
129.7
129.9
129.9
130.8
131.8
131.5
132.0
132.7
132.4
132.5
132.7
Goods-producing
108.7
109.1
109.2
109.5
110.0
110.3
110.9
111.4
112.0
111.7
111.7
109.9
54.1
54.7
55.2
54.1
54.8
54.3
54.6
54.3
54.7
54.7
54.5
54.1
Construction
136.4
136.8
137.4
137.3
139.1
138.5
140.3
142.0
143.9
142.1
143.8
140.2
Manufacturing
106.5
106.8
106.8
107.3
107.5
107.9
108.4
108.6
108.9
109.0
108.6
107.2
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
105.4
134.9
125.7
108.1
90.0
71.6
109.3
98.8
104.9
116.5
150.8
75.8
104.5
105.9
135.9
127.0
108.3
90.4
72.7
109.9
99.6
105.5
116.6
151.3
75.2
104.8
105.6
135.7
127.0
108.3
91.0
73.2
110.1
99.0
105.5
114.7
149.2
75.6
105.6
106.6
136.1
127.0
108.3
91.3
73.3
111.2
99.6
106.5
118.3
156.2
75.1
105.0
106.9
135.7
127.6
108.6
92.4
74.0
111.3
100.5
106.5
118.3
156.8
75.1
104.8
107.5
137.2
127.9
108.9
93.1
74.7
112.2
100.7
106.9
119.5
158.3
74.9
105.7
108.2
137.4
128.3
109.7
94.0
74.9
113.2
101.4
107.7
120.9
161.2
74.9
105.8
108.5
137.9
127.6
109.9
94.3
74.9
114.0
101.6
108.1
120.9
160.8
74.9
105.1
109.0
137.9
129.2
110.7
94.1
75.1
115.2
102.5
108.7
120.9
161.8
74.7
106.1
109.2
136.9
128.6
110.4
94.4
74.6
115.6
102.9
108.9
121.8
162.6
74.5
106.4
108.9
136.2
126.1
111.0
94.0
74.5
115.2
103.1
108.2
121.6
162.5
74.3
105.1
107.5
134.1
122.0
108.7
91.6
73.9
113.1
102.1
107.2
121.7
154.4
74.0
105.3
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
107.9
113.8
64.4
99.1
90.0
111.9
126.3
102.4
78.7
141.0
53.3
108.1
114.3
64.4
99.3
90.0
112.2
126.5
102.2
80.2
141.3
53.2
108.3
115.4
61.9
98.9
89.4
112.9
126.3
102.3
80.4
142.2
52.5
108.2
114.5
64.4
98.9
89.6
112.7
126.8
101.7
81.2
142.4
53.3
108.3
114.7
63.4
98.3
89.6
111.7
126.7
102.0
85.2
143.3
52.8
108.5
114.2
63.9
99.2
89.8
112.4
127.1
102.7
82.1
144.1
53.3
108.6
115.4
62.9
98.6
89.0
112.4
126.8
102.7
81.4
144.9
52.8
108.8
115.5
63.9
98.7
89.0
112.6
127.4
102.4
82.1
145.6
52.8
108.8
116.3
60.4
99.0
88.1
112.8
126.8
102.8
79.8
146.8
51.9
108.7
115.5
60.9
98.9
88.0
112.4
126.9
102.8
81.4
146.9
51.9
108.2
115.6
58.1
98.3
87.1
111.9
126.6
102.9
79.9
145.5
51.9
106.6
113.7
59.1
96.4
84.7
110.5
125.8
103.4
78.6
142.2
50.9
138.8
138.9
139.2
139.1
140.1
141.4
140.7
141.2
141.9
141.6
141.8
143.0
Transportation and public utilities
122.6
122.8
122.9
122.6
123.8
124.0
124.0
124.1
124.9
125.0
125.0
126.0
Wholesale trade
116.0
116.4
116.3
116.5
117.4
118.3
118.0
118.5
118.9
119.5
119.2
119.6
Retail trade
127.5
128.2
128.5
128.3
128.7
130.1
129.5
129.7
130.4
129.6
129.5
130.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate
125.1
124.7
125.0
124.0
124.2
126.5
124.0
124.2
125.3
124.0
124.0
126.6
Services
162.2
162.0
162.6
162.7
164.2
165.8
165.0
166.0
166.7
166.6
167.4
168.5
Mining
Service-producing
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and may differ slightly
from data previously published. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, i
ally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Percent change
Industry
March
1995
Total
Private sector
Mining
,
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
March 1995
to
April 1995r
April 1995
to
May1995 p
May
1995p
215,168
215,559
213,455
1.0
-1.0
176,934
177,412
175,280
1.2
-1.2
1,372
10,605
40,334
23,505
16,828
12,708
12,488
31,090
12,875
55,462
1.353
10,348
39.939
23,303
16,636
12,815
12,549
31,419
13,102
55,887
1.333
10,155
39,828
23.223
16,606
12,714
12,400
30,975
12,677
55,198
-3.2
.5
.1
1.0
-1.0
1.8
1.5
1.3
-2.6
2.8
38,234
38,147
38.174
1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multiplied
by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers.
88
May 1994
to
May 1995p
April
1995r
-1.4
-2.4
-1.0
-.9
-1.1
.8
.5
1.1
1.8
.8
-1.4
-1.9
-.3
-.3
-.2
-.8
-1.2
-1.4
-3.2
-1.2
-.2
.1
nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2414,
chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202-606-5606).
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
1994
1995
Industry
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
$11.08
$11.09 $11.13 $11.14
$11.18 $11.25 $11.24
$11.27 $11.29 $11.32 $11.34 $11.40
12.65
12.68
12.72
12.74
12.78
12.81
12.83
12.83
12.84
12.89
12.91
12.94
14.81
14.65
12.00
11.38
14.78
14.70
12.03
11.40
14.84
14.76
12.06
11.42
14.85
14.74
12.09
11.44
14.95
14.82
12.12
11.47
15.04
14.90
12.14
11.49
15.04
14.84
12.17
11.52
15.08
14.81
12.18
11.53
15.08
14.74
12.21
11.56
15.12
14.88
12.24
11.60
15.15
14.90
12.25
11.61
15.15
14.95
12.28
11.72:
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Services
10.53
13.79
12.01
7.47
11.80
11.01
10.54
13.79
12.03
7.48
11.77
11.02
10.57
13.84
12.06
7.50
11.82
11.06
10.57
13.87
12.05
7.51
11.81
11.06
10.62
13.88
12.08
7.53
11.90
11.11
10.70
13.99
12.22
7.56
12.05
11.20
10.68
14.02
12.15
7.56
11.99
11.17
10.71
14.01
12.20
7.60
12.01
11.21
10.74
14.03
12.23
7.59
12.06
11.26
10.76
14.00
12.24
7.60
12.09
11.28
10.79
14.05
12.27
7.61
12.16
11.30
10.87
14.141
12.41
7.63
12.28
11.39
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)1
Goods-producing
Service-producing
7.41
8.46
7.04
7.39
8.45
7.03
7.39
8.45
7.02
7.37
8.43
7.00
7.38
8.44
7.01
7.42
8.45
7.06
7.40
8.45
7.03
7.40
8.43
7.04
7.39
8.41
7.03
7.39
8.42
7.03
7.38
8.40
7.02
7.40
8.40
7.05
384.48 384.82 386.21 385.44 387.95 392.63 388.90 391.07 392.89
391.67 392.36
394.44
523.71 524.95 526.61 527.44 529.09 530.33 531.16 532.45 534.14
533.65 533.18 526.66
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
660.53 663.62 673.74 662.31 671.26 673.79 675.30 674.08 677.09 678.89 675.69 675.69
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
0
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
504.00 505.26 506.52 507.78 510.25 511.09 512.36 512.78 515.26 515.30
514.50
509.62
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...
Services
346.44
550.22
461.18
215.88
352.83
554.98
468.71
219.17
357.62
561.36
475.30
222.03
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)1
Goods-producing
Service-producing
257.18 256.55 256.45 255.09 256.24 258.99 256.02 256.94 257.30 255.83 255.44 255.96
350.31 349.97 349.67 349.07 349.461 349.82 349.68) 349.84 349.80 348.56 347.12 341.77
231.73 230.47 230.21 228.75 230.081 232.92 229.91 230.81 231.40 229.82 229.71 232.07
(5)
(5)
345.71
550.22
461.95
216.92
346.70
552.22
461.90
217.50
345.64
550.64
460.31
217.04
348.34
555.20
463.87
217.62
(5)
(5)
0
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
353.10 349.24 351.291 353.35
559.60 558.00 554.80 558.39
471.69 466.56 468.48 469.63
220.75 218.48 219.64 220.11
(5)
(5)
0
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
351.85
555.80
470.02
218.88
(5)
O
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
4
Not available.
These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and may differ slightly
from data previously published. See the article in this issue for additional
information.
5
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total
Production workers1
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
Apr.
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
78,009 78,779
114,034 113,172 115,307 116,120 116,793
94,917 93,750 95,664
Total private
96,499
97,173
77,476
76,436
600
Mining
596
575
576
578
427
421
415
418
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
48.8
8.8
14.4
48.0
8.4
14.1
50.3
8.9
15.2
50.8
8.9
15.3
50.9
39.4
7.2
12.0
38.4
6.9
11.7
40.7
7.4
12.5
41.3
7.4
12.6
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
112.2
104.8
112.1
104.9
108.5
101.1
107.5
100.0
106.0
90.4
84.3
90.0
84.1
87.3
81.3
86.7
80.5
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
335.8
161.9
168.3
333.2
162.3
165.9
315.3
150.4
158.1
312.8
149.5
156.5
314.9
219.3
80.4
135.4
214.7
78.9
132.7
211.3
80.0
128.2
210.2
79.6
127.3
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
14
142
144
147
103.3
39.5
32.7
14.0
102.7
39.3
32.2
13.9
100.7
38.8
31.1
14.1
104.5
40.5
32.8
14.1
106.6
78.0|
30.7
77.5
30.4
75.9
30.0
79.4
31.6
5,010
4,804
4,823
5,066
5,254
3,876
3,689
3,657
3,887
1,200.5 1,147.8 1,177.8 1,208.5 1,234.4
586.9
587.7 605.0
608.9
27.6
28.2
27.6
27.9
563.4
533.3
562.5
575.6
852.0
414.5
11.9
425.5
803.7
393.8
11.5
398.4
819.0
391.3
11.0
416.7
849.2
408.7
11.5
429.0
615.9
185.5
430.4
593.8
171.8
422.0
530.4
131.8
398.6
594.5
171.9
422.6
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
736.4
225.8
510.6
713.6
211.5
502.1
650.9
172.4
478.5
718.4
214.3
504.1
763.8
3,072.8 2,942.3 2,994.4 3,138.9 3,255.6 2,407.9 2,291.7 2,307.9 2,443.1
504.4 478.6
703.6 711.6
687.4 657.0
514.3
520.9
143.3
162.7
173.3
159.5
174.4
130.7
132.4
144.3
442.4 417.1
577.3
566.3
539.3
584.6
449.0 455.3
369.1 353.5
429.5
411.0 417.5 438.6
355.8
377.6
160.4
210.0
200.9 208.8
210.2
152.5
155.2
154.7
165.0
192.5 204.4
206.2
198.9
158.9
148.8
160.5
18,303
Durable goods
18,142 18,405 18,404 18,404
10,431
Manufacturing
10,349
12,615
12,482
12,736
12,743
10,591 10,604
10,602
7,092
7,020
7,265
7,280
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
752.2
82.0
188.6
149.9
36.8
270.7
110.1
74.7
24.5
29.1
49.3
72.6
55.2
89.1
733.9
76.0
187.0
148.8
36.3
264.1
107.0
72.4
24.4
28.8
49.3
70.0
53.4
87.5
751.6
77.4
187.6
147.5
38.2
269.5
109.9
75.9
25.1
28.9
51.2
74.3
57.9
91.6
748.7
74.7
187.0
147.2
37.8
269.2
109.0
75.6
25.2
28.8
51.2
75.4
58.4
91.2
752.4
621.4
67.0
163.5
129.7
32.2
218.0
86.4
59.9
21.2
25.9
41.9
58.2
46.3
72.8
606.0
61.2
162.4
128.9
31.9
213.0
84.3
58.2
21.1
25.6
41.8
55.9
44.7
71.7
617.6
62.7
162.2
127.2
33.4
215.3
85.4
60.7
21.7
25.6
43.6
59.3
48.4
74.5
615.0
59.7
161.7
127.0
33.0
215.6
84.9
60.7
21.8
25.5
43.7
60.1
48.7
74.2
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
501.8
283.9
126.4
91.7
22.8
30.3
497.1
284.3
126.5
92.3
23.4
29.9
506.9
286.6
126.9
91.6
24.5
31
504.6
284.8
125.9
91.7
24.2
31.1
503.3
397.5
237.5
108.2
77.2
18.7
23.2
394.4
238.6
108.5
78.0
19.2
23.0
401.7
239.6
108.3
77.0
20.3
24.2
399.8
238.0
107.4
77.0
20.0
23.9
See footnotes at end of table.
90
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
252
253
254
259
62.4
39.0
79.9
36.7
60.9
38.9J
77.4
35.6
62.3
39.5
81.9
36.6
61.9
39.6
81.6
36.7
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
532.5
15.0
76.8
33.1
43.7
60.7
17.9
32.4
40.8
198.3
17.1
65.6
98.8
76.7
20.0
3.1
23.4
528.9
14.7
78.7
34.5
44.2
59.6
17.8
32.1
40.4
195.5
16.7
64.2
97.8
76.2
20.0
3.1
22.7
532.3
15.1
74.8
30.7
44.1
62.0
17.7
32.6
42.5
193.7
16.7
66.0
93.8
79.6
20.4
3.1
23.9
543.0
15.0|
75.2
31.1
44.1
62.3
17.7
32.9
42.4
203.1
17.3
67.9
100.6
79.9
20.3
3.0
24.0
547.5
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
699.1
238.8
172.3
26.7
124.9
78.8
5.4
25.9
40.7
22.8
166.7
23.4
23.4
73.6|
84.4
24.7
688.4
234.7
169.8
26.6
123.0
77.9
5.3
25.3
40.5
22.9
165.3
23.1
23.7
72.5
81.7
23.9
716.0
239.4
171.5
27.2
130.7
82.4
5.6
27.4
40.8
22.8
170.3
24.1
22.9
75.8
90.1
26.3
716.7
239.2
170.7
27.2
131.7
82.9
5.5
27.5
40.7
22.6|
170.1
24.2
22.7
75.9
90.1
26.2
717.0
240.6
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
45.6
31.0
58.6
24.8
44.8
30.7
56.3
24.0
45.8
31.6
60.2
24.5
411.4
11.6
63.8
29.6
34.2
45.8
13.6
25.1
32.5
151.0
10.9
48.9
77.9
57.9
15.3
2.5
408.0
11.5
65.2
30.9
34.3
45.0
13.5
24.8
32.0
148.7
10.6
47.6
77.2
57.5
15.1
2.5
410.2
11.9
27.5
35.1
47.4
13.4
25.1
34.2
145.7
10.5
49.0
72.7
59.7
14.9
2.5
420.4
11.7
63.0
27.9
35.1
47.6
13.4
25.4
34.2
154.4
11.0
50.8
79.1
60.2
15.0
2.5
538.0
181.8
132.2
19.7
101.2
64.6
4.1
20.9
30.7
17.8
124.0
18.1
16.4
54.4
68.4
20.1
528.3
177.8
129.7
19.5
99.5
63.9
4.1
20.2
30.4
17.8
122.9
17.8
16.5
53.8
66.3
19.3
556.3
182.8
131.7
20.2
107.1
68.2
4.3
22.4
31.1
17.9
128.7
18.8
16.5
56.9
73.7
21.5
557.2
182.8
131.0
20.4
108.0
68.6 j
4.3
22.5
31.1
17.8
128.5
18.9
16.3
57.0
73.8
21.5
62.6J
45.6
31.6
60.0
24.6 j
1,387.1 1,368.1 1,433.0 1,435.7 1,435.0 1,036.2 1,019.6 1,077.0 1,079.8
41.7
41.8
41.7
41.9
35.7
35.7
35.7
35.7
33.6
33.9
33.7
33.9
29.3
29.3
29.2
29.2
97.5
127.7
132.2
95.9
129.3
132.8
100.5
100.0
34.5
44.5
45.9
34.1
44.9
46.3
35.6
35.3
54.6
73.9
71.3
53.7
72.3
74.0
56.3
56.2
43.0
60.5
58.3
41.9
59.5
61.1
44.3
43.8
18.7
25.2
25.5
19.0
24.8
25.9
19.6
19.3
13.8
19.2
20.8
12.3
20.7
20.9
13.9
13.7
409.0 400.3 421.6 423.5
295.1
287.3 306.4 307.8
71.1
66.6
68.6
70.7
49.5
51.4
47.6
51.7
76.2
72.7
75.0
75.5
55.3
53.3
55.8
56.4
97.9
98.0
100.5
100.3
68.4
71.5
68.1
71.4
99.9
102.4
106.6
107.1
77.6
81.2
75.4
81.6
26.2
27.5
27.0
27.5
19.1
19.5
18.6
19.5
94.2
99.8
95.5
99.7
74.3
78.6
73.2
78.8
47.8
48.6
51.8
51.8
39.5
42.5
38.9
42.5
46.4
48.0
46.9
47.9
34.8
36.1
34.3
36.3
234.1
231.4 245.8 247.2
187.1
185.1
197.3
198.6
30.0
29.8
31.3
31.7
23.1]
23.0
24.5
24.7
106.4
89.7
106.0
112.0
112.3
89.81
94.3
94.6
86.5
66.2
84.5
90.8
91.4
64.4
69.8
70.5
See footnotes at end of table.
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
1987
SIC
Code
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
See footnotes at end of table.
92
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
Production workers1
All employees
Avg.
1994
123.8
76.0
47.8
53.7
30.6
240.5
24.7
56.2
Apr.
1994
122.3
75.1
47.2
54.5
31.3
237.7
24.3
55.6
Mar.
1995
128.4
78.3
50.11
52.2
29.2
249.5
25.5
58.0
Apr.
1995p
128.7
78.6
50.1
51.6
28.6
250.5
25.7
58.1
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
96.9
59.3
37.7
30.0
14.4
176.6
18.3
43.0
Apr.
1994
95.9
58.7
37.2
30.5
14.9
174.1
18.0
42.6
Mar.
1995
100.9
61.5
39.4
29.0
13.3
184.3
19.2
44.5
Apr.
1995p
101.0
61.7
39.31
28.81
12.9
185.3
19.4
44.5
1,984.7 1,980.1 2,033.5 2,038.8 2,036.8 1,231.1 1,224.4 1,279.9 1,284.9
89.5
89.0
89.0
90.5
57.1
56.8
57.1
56.7
28.9
28.4
28.3
29.0
16.6
16.6
17.0
16.9
60.6
60.6
60.7
61.5
40.5
40.2
40.1
39.8
81.9
79.3
77.6
110.4
81.2
109.5
106.5
105.0
58.0
56.2
79.9
57.5
55.6
79.3
77.8
77.2
140.2
213.7
139.1
215.3
132.8
213.2
210.0
132.3
53.0
76.9
52.4
77.4
51.5
80.61
76.3
49.7
9.81
16.6
10.0
16.4
8.7
15.1
15.6
9.1
24.0
34.8
23.6
35.3
24.8
37.5
36.8
24.5
22.8
39.4
22.9
39.7
20.4
36.2
36.9
20.9
20.6
29.8
20.4
30.2
18.0
27.2
27.9
18.6
241.2
239.6
336.5
338.5
319.2
322.3
227.7 225.6
24.5
24.4
39.6
39.7
22.9
37.2
37.6
23.1
11.4
11.3J
17.4
17.7
10.2
16.2
16.4
10.4
121.7
151.4
121.2
115.5
159.0| 159.5
152.5
116.2
36.9
52.3
48.9
36.7
33.9
51.9
49.5
34.5
17.7
25.4
24.5
17.1
16.8
24.8
24.6
16.6
95.5
94.8
88.4
164.4
163.3
152.4
154.6
89.6
10.4
10.3
10.2
15.5
15.4
15.4
15.3
10.1
11.8
11.8
11.3
22.2
22.2
21.3
21.6
11.4
15.4
15.4
14.3
24.9
24.9
23.5
23.7
14.5
162.0
153.1
251.3
240.3
242.7
161.8
251.6
154.7
17.4
16.8
30.7
30.4
30.5
17.4
30.7
16.9
29.7
29.1
37.7
36.8
37.1
29.9
37.6
29.4
15.8
14.5
27.2
26.4
26.5
15.6
27.2
14.6
22.7
21.5
33.6
31.7
32.3
22.8
33.6
21.9
11.1
10.6
16.0
15.1
15.3
11.1
15.8
10.6
14.5
13.4
21.0
20.0
20.3
14.3
21.2
13.6
115.3
122.3
115.3
335.4
336.1
354.4
351.0
334.2
121.3
57.1
52.8
53.0
186.8
187.8
204.5
200.4
56.3
55.1
190.3
129.4
319.4
22.2
254.0
54.8
187.9J
127.7
315.7
21.8
251.2
55.9
199.8
136.8
333.4
23.3
265.3
56.2
201.2
138.2
333.9
23.1
265.8
21.6
135.0
96.3
236.2
18.3
192.3
1,570.8 1,555.6 1,610.8 1,613.3 1,614.6 1,010.5
82.3
81.7
82.0
58.0]
82.9
41.2
41.2
41.2
30.3
41.8;
41.1
40.5
40.8
27.7)
41.1
159.7
109.7
155.0
156.0
160.0
79.8
79.9
60.5
76.8
77.7
60.5
60.4
35.4|
59.4
59.4
125.6
124.0
100.6
123.2
124.2
30.4
31.0
26.5
30.2
31.6
17.3
18.7
14.4
16.8
17.2
28.7
28.8
22.9
28.1
29.1
20.2
142.5
102.6
248.1
18.8
202.2
20.1
144.1
104.5
248.3
18.5
202.5
999.8 1,043.4
57.8
58.1
30.3
30.4
27.5
27.7
108.7
113.4
62.9
59.6
36.2
35.5
101.7
101.6
27.9
26.7
14.9
13.8
22.2
22.0
,041.3
57.5
30.3
27.2
113.4
62.8
36.4
103.1
27.3
16.3
22.1
22.3
132.6
94.7
233.2
18.0
189.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—-Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
176.4
21.8
61.9
19.6
21.0
88.6
62.1
243.6
109.3
544.3
24.6
222.1
131.5
156.3
25.8
68.9
174.0
21.4
61.3
19.5
20.4
85.6
60.6
242.0
108.4
535.9
24.5
216.6
131.1
156.0
25.7
68.9
Mar.
1995
184.0
23.8
64.7
20.0
21.5
90.3
61.9
247.5
109.9
567.
24.6
232.1
135.7
155.6
26.0
68.6
Production workers'
Apr.
1995p
182.9
23.7
64.7
19.9
21.3
90.4
61.6
248.1
109.7
570.2
24.4
234.0
136.1
154.7
25.5
68.6
May
1995p
574.0
Avg.
1994
127.5
16.8
41.6
14.5
15.7
59.1
39.5
124.2
59.8
321.7
16.4
96.5
86.4
109.8
20.1
53.3
Apr.
1994
125.7
16.7
41.0
14.4
15.3
56.4
38.2
123.9
59.5
316.2
16.4
93.9
85.6
109.2
19.8
53.4
Mar.
1995
133.2
18.0
43.4
15.1
16.3
60.3
39.0
124.8
59.4
341.2
16.3
102.7
91.3
111.0
20.4
53.8
Apr.
1995p
132.2
18.2
43.2
15.1
16.3
60.4
38.8
124.0
58.8
340.4
16.3
101.9
90.9
110.3
19.9
53.8
1,748.9 1,742.5 1,766.6 1,766.5 1,761.9 1,145.1 1,138.0 1,182.9 1,186.6
940.2
941
735.3 739.7
684.4
695.2
936.0
898.6 885.7
240.7 265.3
244.5
356.2
353.8
335.3
339.6
268.1
30.4
40.7
32.4
30.6
37.9
38.1
33.1
40.2
486.9
391.7
376.4
458.1 485.6
369.0
466.9
392.5
36.0
29.6
28.4
27.9
35.9
34.5
34.1
29.7
224.9
486.4 455.1 453.5
479.5
211.1
210.8
449.0 220.9
274.3 255.7 253.4
271.1
100.8
110.1
108.0
100.3
88.4
87.4
47.2
46.2
95.9
93.6
44.7
43.9
111.7
67.6!
66.7
112.0
116.2
114.7
66.1
66.1
162.5
124.1
123.4
164.3
159.1
159.4
127.1
127.9
104.2
79.6
106.2
108.2
107.2
78.7
81.3
77.6
58.3
43.8
58.1
50.9
52.2
49.2
42.8
49.5
38.5
26.4
38.4
33.7
35.3
29.3
25.1
29.2
100.6
30.6
101.4
109.1
107.5
29.0
31.2
28.7
72.0
19.7
72.2
76.9
76.1
19.9
18.8
18.9
51.5
51.7
50.4
50.0
35.0
34.8
37.2
37.1
23.3
23.1
21.4
21.4
17.8
17.8
19.6
19.4
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
863.3
179.6
284.3
43.9
61.6
71.7
264.8
101.8
96.5
37.3
88.8
8.4
867.7
185.0
283.4
43.2
61.7
72.1
265.1
102.2
96.4
38.0
88.1
8.1
847.1
166.8
288.2
44.9
62.2
71.4
260.8
99.9
94.8
36.2
86.8
8.3
844.2
165.7
288.1
44.9
62.4
71.4
260.2
100.0
94.4
36.2
85.8
8.2
842.4
423.1
55.8
145.2
28.8
29.2
33.5
151.8
61.2
61.0
24.7
38.8
6.8
426.3
58.1
145.1
28.2
29.3
34.3
152.9
61.8
61.0
25.5
38.2
6.5
418.1
50.6
149.2
29.9
30.8
33.1
149.2
59.7
60.2
23.4
39.0
6.7
417.5
50.2
149.2
29.6
31.0
33.6
149.1
60.3
59.6
23.5
38.8
6.7
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
390.3
51.2
38.2
13.4
115.3
43.9
71.4
32.7
29.0
17.6
148.9
61.7
387.0
50.6
37.7
13.4
114.0
42.9
71.1
32.6
28.8
17.5
147.6
61.6
392.8
50.2
37.4
13.9
117.8
43.7
74.1
33.0
27.8
16.4
150.1
62.3
392.5
50.6
37.8
13.6
118.0
43.9
74.1
32.4
27.2
15.9
150.7
62.5
391.0
277.6
35.8
26.5
10.8
81.9
29.3
52.6
22.0
21.3
12.7
105.8
41.5
275.5
35.4
26.1
10.8
81.3
28.8
52.5
22.0
21.7
13.0
104.3
41.3
278.2
34.7
25.7
11.2
83.6
29.0
54.6
22.1
19.6
11.3
107.0
41.6
277.7
35.0
25.9
11.2
83.8
29.2
54.6
21.5
19.0
10.8
107.2
41.8
See footnotes at end of table.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry-—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
Production workers'
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995 p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
5,462 5,471
5,463
7,800 7,802 5,523
7,872 7,793
7,814
1,679.6 1,626.8 1,639.3 1,634.7 1,648.2 1,231.2 1,185.5 1,196.0 1,191.4
377.7
389.9
383.7
442.6
389.21
458.3
450.7
459.7
118.6
115.1
116.2
136.0
117.8
140.1
137.6
140.8
69.1
67.6
69.1
87.2
69.4
90.2
89.5
90.0
202.2
195.0
198.3
219.4
202.0
228.0
223.5
228.9
94.7
94.4
94.5
148.4
95.5
148.6
148.6
147.4
31.5
31.6
32.0
38.9
31.5
38.9
39.4
38.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
65.8
34.7
64.6
65.6
64.5
174.6
179.8
204.1
219.4
175.0
244.9
213.8 214.7
16.1
16.4
17.8
20.2
15.9
19.5
21.5
19.7
48.8
52.9
68.0
66.1
48.61
61.9
81.7
61.9J
36.9
39.3
43.2
45.4
38.7
45.0
49.4
43.1
88.6
90.8
91.3
127.0
87.8
124.7
127.8
125.4
12.4
13.3
13.3
12.4
18.7
19.5
19.6
18.7
26.4
26.6
26.8
26.1
42.0
42.4
42.3
41.9
139.4
136.9
139.3
210.0
212.9
211.0
139.6
210.8
93.0
91.1
92.3
151.4
151.2
92.2
152.8
152.0
60.1
99.4
6.1
4.9
9.3
51.0
32.3
177.8
37.3
95.6
185.2
58.8
90.8
5.0
4.9
7.5
46.3
31.4
176.7
37.3
95.1
179.7
59.8
95.5
6.8
4.7
8.1
49.7
32.5
175.7
36.0
95.4
178.3
47.0
77.0
4.7
3.5
8.0
40.5
21.8
83.7
24.4
37.0
135.8
58.6
92.3
5.0
4.7
8.7
47.6
32.7
176.4
36.2
96.2
177.0
45.8
69.3
3.8
3.5
6.3
36.5
21.8
83.6
24.4
36.9
131.2
47.4
73.5
5.1
3.4
6.9
39.6
22.3
82.5
23.9
37.1
130.3
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
42.2
29.9
41.3
30.5
37.9
27.5
37.3
27.3
35.7
32.4
23.1
30.9
23.3
28.6
20.8
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
673.2
80.7
68.2
17.8
23.2
198.6
26.0
40.6
57.7
24.5
27.6
72.6
32.4
25.3
64.3
95.6
74.1
14.5
52.2
672.6
80.6!
68.2
18.1
22.7
199.2
26.3
40.3
58.4
24.9
27.4
72.3
32.1
25.5
63.5
95.9
74.5
14.4
52.1
666.6
79.3
67.9
17.6|
23.6
194.9
24.2
41.0
54.9
23.9
27.8
72.3
31.7
25.6
65.7
93.5
71.5
14.9
51.8
668.7
79.9
68.1
17.9
23.7
195.0
24.0
41.1
55.6
23.7
27.8
73.2
32.5
25.4
65.5
93.9
71.9
14.9
51.5
663.7
571.7
71.6
57.7
15.1
19.5
171.3
22.7
36.1
49.6
21.5
23.3
59.6
26.9
20.2
51.4
85.1
66.7
12.4
40.5
572.3
71.8
57.6!
15.4
19.1
172.0
23.0
35.9
50.3
21.8
23.2
59.6
27.0
20.3
50.7
85.6
67.2
12.4
40.5
563.1
69.9
57.2
14.9
19.7
166.9
21.0
36.2
46.7
21.0
23.3
59.1
26.0
20.5
52.6
82.9
64.2
12.7
39.9
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
969.4
39.3
265.8
60.5
81.3
42.2
291.0
30.6
48.0
32.3
180.1
968.5
39.7
266.5
61.0
81.2
41.7
292.2
31.4
49.7
31.8
179.3
941.3
36.1
260.2
58.8
81.0
40.4
275.3
28.4
43.9
28.2
174.8
936.6
36.4
258.6
58.7
80.2
40.2
274.5
28.3
43.4
29.0
173.8
936.0
810.8
32.6
229.0
51.7
70.5
36.9
242.1
24.7
38.3
25.9
153.2
811.6
33.1
229.9
52.1
70.7
36.5
244.1
25.4
40.1
25.4
153.2
785.6
29.6
223.9
50.5
70.3
35.2
228.1
22.4
34.9
22.0
148.8
See footnotes at end of table.
94
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
1987
SIC
Code
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Production workers'
Apr.
1995p
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
51.7
39.7
12.0
44.6
19.3
40.8
214.7
20.6
56.5
54.8
51.5
39.4
12.1
43.1
18.2
41.4
212.7
20.6
56.5
53.7
51.5
39.0
12.5
42.2
18.3
39.2
215.9
20.4
56.2
56.1
691.3
169.2
50.5
213.2
125.3
16.3
48.1
245.8
46.7
39.9
23.8
686.9
169.1
50.3
210.7
123.7
16.2
47.8
244.4
46.4
39.7
24.1
687.2
164.2
50.4
215.2
128.0
15.9
48.5
244.9
46.8
40.3
23.9
687.6
164.6
50.4
214.7
128.1
16.1
47.7
245.4
46.9
40.0
24.0
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
42.9
34.3
8.6
37.7
16.3
33.1
175.4
16.4
48.1
44.5
42.5
34.0
8.5
36.3
15.3
33.6
174.1
16.4
47.9
43.5
42.8
34.0
8.8
35.6
15.5
32.0
176.5
16.4
47.8
45.7
686.3
523.4
130.0
38.9
166.61
94.6
14.3
39.1
178.2
22.4
29.9
18.6
519.2
129.8
38.9
164.3
93.3
14.3
38.8
176.8
22.1
29.6
18.8
521.0
126.6
38.9
168.3
96.8
14.0
39.6
177.5
22.2
30.1
18.7
51.0,
38.5
12.5J
40.9
17.4
39.6
214.6
19.6
55.9
56.1
26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
May
1995 p
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
1,541.5 1,534.8 1,559.7 1,556.7 1,554.0
450.4
454.5
446.9
453.1
134.1
135.2
137.5
136.5
119.7
124.2
121.2
124.4
85.0
84.1
85.4
83.2
37.1
39.2
39.0
36.5
84.9
82.8
83.2
84.2
548.1
561.8
561.1
550.9
356.3
364.1
363.2
357.9
171.1
176.5
176.8
171.9
46.1
44.7
44.4
45.7
70.7
69.2
71.0
70.3
56.4
56.5
56.4
56.7
847.2
155.5
44.8
63.7
34.1
29.6
40.1
398.6
257.4
124.1
32.5
54.2
41.0
847.1
154.2
45.5
65.8
35.6
30.2
41.5
396.3
255.9
123.7
32.8
53.5
41.0
854.8
157.1
45.0
67.3
35.8
31.5
39.5
405.9
261.5
127.2
31.8
54.4
40.3
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
1,060.6 1,059.8 1,048.3 1,045.6 1,046.9
131.8
132.1
130.8
130.2
84.7
82.4
84.7
83.1
161.7
158.0
162.0
157.9
76.3
76.2
76.4
77.0
49.4
52.7
52.1
49.6
260.4
263.3
259.1
263.5
213.7
211.4
210.2
214.2
153.4
150.9
150.6
152.0
43.2
41.9
41.8
43.2
42.1
42.7
42.5
41.4
68.0
66.3
66.3
67.4
57.8
57.6
57.8
57.2
144.4
142.7
142.4
144.7
26.3
26.1
26.2
26.0
115.4
114.0
113.6
115.9
54.6
54.6
54.4
55.7
93.4
93.4
93.1
92.9
578.7
57.1
37.3
108.8
49.2
37.2
121.0
101.0
95.2
25.1
24.8
45.4
30.3
79.7
15.1
62.6
31.4
55.2
577.7
57.4
37.9
109.2
48.8
37.7
120.6
100.4
93.9
25.1
24.3
44.5
30.1
79.6
14.8
62.7
32.4
54.5
579.3
57.4
37.4
106.7
49.0
36.3
124.1
105.6
92.4
23.4
25.0
44.0
30.1
80.7
15.1
63.7
32.2
55.7
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
148.9
108.9
27.3
146.9
108.0
26.4
144.0
106.1
24.9
144.7
105.3
26.4
146.1
96.5
69.6
20.3
95.4
69.5
19.5
92.5
67.4
18.3
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
952.0
79.6
11.1
63.5
25.2
107.8
689.9
941.4
81.3
11.1
62.5
24.8
107.2
679.3
978.6
82.7
10.1
66.2
25.9
109.9
709.7
977.9
82.4
9.9
66.5
26.1
110.2
708.9
976.9
740.8
57.5
9.1
48.6
19.8
82.6
542.9
731.6
58.9
9.3
47.7
19.5
81.9
533.8
762.9
59.5
8.3
51.3
20.4
85.3
558.5
See footnotes at end of table.
95
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers 1
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995 p
May
1995 p
Transportation
85.1
6,188
5,026
4,889
5,105
5,129
5,177
3,888
3,928
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
376.5
180.7
382.3
175.7
411.5
194.7
413.6
195.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
108.5
5,858
6,109
6,142
3,645
3,862
-
240.5
213.6
240.1
213.1
238.4
212.2
241.2
214.6
242.9
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
41
411
412
413
415
410.3
198.8
31.5
23.5
126.2
415.5
193.3
31.2
23.5
137.0
446.5
213.9
33.6
23.1
144.6
449.0
215.5
33.2
23.2
144.8
457.9
-
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air...
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services
44
444
449
168.8
12.9
109.6
168.9
13.2
109.5
158.6
13.0
104.4
162.8
13.1
107.9
165.1
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services
45
451
4512
458
747.8
607.7
486.9
104.8
746.0
607.4
491.2
104.1
755.2
606.8
476.0
109.2
757.7
607.4
475.8
110.3
760.6
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
17.6
17.4
16.7
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
392.4
197.2
158.1
157.6
385.3
197.3
157.9
151.0
2,231
2,213
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
See footnotes at end of table.
96
-
21.1
-
-
-
-
21.0
21.1
21.1
-
-
-
1,797.3 1,672.1 1,826.1 1,839.3 1,860.9 1,559.5 1,438.5 1,579.2 1,590.9
1,653.4 1,535.5 1,675.5 1,689.6
1,438.3 1,324.2 1,453.7 1,466.3
117.2
120.0
120.9
111.2
133.0
144.6
145.5
139.6
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
97.4
97.5
92.6
95.4
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
16.8
16.7
13.7
13.5
13.3
13.3
420.1
203.0
163.2
178.2
421.2
202.6
162.7
179.6
423.6
310.2
157.4
125.2
122.0
304.5
157.6
125.0
116.6
335.0
164.6
131.7
138.6
335.8
164.5
131.3
139.3
2,247
2,254
2,260
-
-
-
-
-
1,304.6 1,285.7 1,342.5 1,348.5 1,355.6 1,001.1
670.6
934.2
903.1
887.8
928.8
811.7
611.3
841.6
823.5
837.8
196.7
243.6
235.0
231.1
244.2
116.8
114.7
113.1
116.8
120.4
127.4
118.0
126.8
154.2
121.8
144.7
142.8
152.7
-
-
983.0 1,036.2 1,039.8
695.4
692.8
656.7
626.4
625.2
600.0
204.5
204.8
193.1
-
-
-
120.0
129.2
130.7
731.7
324.9
123.6
137.5
121.8
732.9
326.0
123.4
138.9
120.7
712.5
316.7
120.0
130.2
121.7
711.7
316.6
119.9
129.9
122.2
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
926.5
416.8
159.2
178.4
141.5
927.0
418.3
158.7
179.2
140.2
904.5
406.5
154.5
170.8
142.3
905.1
406.6
154.2
170.2
143.4
904.8
6,140
Wholesale trade
May
1995 p
86.4
12.7
44.7
20.7
15.0
8.6
8.0
109.9
15.3
54.8
26.3
18.3
11.3
12.0
40
4011
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses
Apr.
1995 p
87.4
12.5
45.2
20.7
15.1
8.8
7.9
110.9
15.1
55.3
26.4
18.4
11.5
11.9
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2
Taxicabs
Mar.
1995
90.6
12.9
48.1
22.0
16.9
8.1
8.4
113.7
15.5
58.5
28.3
19.7
10.7
12.3
3,775
Transportation and public utilities
Apr.
1994
90.2
12.6
47.6
21.7
16.5
8.4
8.5
113.6
15.2
57.9
27.9
19.4
11.1
12.5
6,006
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Avg.
1994
6,084
6,243
6,278
6,302
4,954
4,901
5,044
5,074
3,542
471.5
120.4
278.4
141.5
64.5
77.1
3,514
465.6
118.8
275.2
139.4
63.8
75.6
3,628
486.4
126.7
284.1
147.9
67.4
80.5
3,643
489.4
127.3
286.0
147.6
66.9
80.7
3,657
2,832
382.0
2,805
376.9
2,910
394.2
2,922
397.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
112.0
109.9
118.4
118.1
-
-
-
-
-
5,093
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1987
SIC
Code
All employees
Production workers'
Apr.
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093
228.6
119.9
36.6
768.3
186.6
279.5
165.8
134.1
463.1
198.3
50.3
214.5
277.9
97.5
111.0
750.8
76.9
115.4
301.9
142.7
305.6
114.5
223.0
117.5
35.4
767.8
186.1
283.3
163.7
133.1
461.2
197.1
50.2
213.9
274.4
96.4
109.6
748.3
75.5
116.4
300.6
141.8
301.5
112.2
234.7
123.8
37.6
781.8
191.3
278.9
171.0
138.7
473.5
205.0
50.4
218.1
286.4
100.5
113.5
761.9
78.9
115.0
309.1
143.5
317.1
122.1
237.4
124.1
37.9
783.6
192.3
279.5
171.6
138.9
474.1
206.1
49.8
218.2
286.2
100.4
113.7
765.9
79.5
116.9
310.1
144.3
319.6|
122.5
51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
2,599
250.4
138.4
198.5
209.8
868.0
276.7
60.5
101.5
112.5
140.9
162.7
65.9
96.8
150.2
97.9
52.3
505.5
157.7
2,570
247.7
137.6
197.4
206.3
848.2
272.2
59.1
96.2
111.4
141.2
161.2
65.0
96.2
147.9
96.3
51.6
508.4
164.6
2,615
260.6
144.2
197.2
211.0
864.0
279.8
60.5
91.6
107.1
138.8
164.9
67.0
97.9
150.6
98.1
52.5
520.9
161.4
2,635
260.3
143.4
196.7
212.3
867.9
280.2
60.6
93.6
108.0
138.8
165.7
67.3
98.4
151.4
98.6
52.8
533.4
169.4
Retail trade
Mar.
1995
May
1995"
825.8
478.8
64.6
157.1
95.9
818.7
480.2
64.7
160.5
80.8
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
187.1
193.1
195.6
615.8
628.7
628.9
135.9
107.9
361.9
133.7
107.2
360.0
140.3
111.3
372.1
140.5
111.4
372.7
224.3
220.9
231.6
231.2
593.4
589.5
604.0
607.6
246.9
242.9
256.7
258.7
2,122
205.3
2,096
203.0
2,134
213.9
2,152
213.5
163.1
164.8
726.9
162.1
161.8
707.6
162.6
165.4
721.3
162.0
166.7
725.2
91.7
106.4
131.7
90.7
106.5
130.2
86.8
104.7
134.2
87.5
104.6
135.0
122.2
120.6
122.1
123.3
410.3
2,645
181.9
616.1
20,437 20,107 20,300 20,530 20,781
828.0
487.6
65.5
158.8
85.7
Avg.
1994
413.6
423.2
434.4
17,990
17,683
689.8
414.0
50.9
131.0
69.9
687.5
405.2
49.9
129.3
79.8
17,810 18,016
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2,545.4 2,437.0 2,423.4 2,439.5 2,449.7 2,378.7 2,273.2 2,253.9 2,269.7
2,211.9 2,111.2 2,114.2 2,129.3 2,138.7 2,083.3 1,985.3 1,982.5 1,997.5
133.3
140.9
143.2
133.9
127.0
117.2
118.0
124.6
184.9
190.4
175.9
176.3
168.4
154.2
154.2
163.3
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
3,289.1 3,244.7 3,288.5 3,305.9 3,323.6 2,993.8 2,952.0 2,989.7 3,003.4
2,933.6 2,903.3 2,935.2 2,941.8
2,686.6 2,657.1 2,687.9 2,692.1
46.4
45.1
46.8
48.6
14.4
16.3
13.2
13.9
171.8
180.1
175.0
181.8
158.8
160.3
155.1
152.3
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
55
551
2,122.5 2,094.2 2,177.7 2,194.8 2,211.9 1,769.4 1,746.1 1,810.7 1,825.7
964.4
951.6
993.2
995.3
998.6 805.7 795.2 828.5
830.6
856.1
493.9
65.6
162.7
100.6
881.0
679.6
406.3
50.1
132.0
65.1
715.9
420.2
51.0
133.8
83.9
See footnotes at end of table.
97
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
1987
SIC
Code
553
554
559
Produ :tion workers1
All employe e s
Avg.
1994
360.5
632.5
7.5
Apr.
1994
351.8
627.4
7.6
Mar.
1995
372.4
634.3
7.2
Apr.
1995 p
379.1
638.3
7.2
May
1995 p
-
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995 p
287.2
544.6
6.4
280.3
539.5
6.4
294.9
545.5
6.0
300.4
548.3
6.0
927.3
71.1
276.4
276.1
160.7
902.2
69.7
271.8
264.1
157.7
873.2
68.7
265.3
249.6
158.0
875.3
68.0
268.7
250.0
156.2
723.1
384.6
703.5
374.6
753.6
402.7
754.7
403.7
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735
Eating and drinking places
58
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
2,559.5 2,496.6 2,548.7 2,555.4 2,577.2 2,130.0 2,072.3 2,114.4 2,117.5
591
601.2
606.9
598.1
607.1
501.9
498.5
505.4
504.8
112.0
110.5
110.6
111.8
592
92.4
79.6
91.1
95.8
76.9
75.8
80.0
593
95.9
752.6
711.9
594
901.0
888.0
856.2
886.5
734.8
732.2
5941
170.4
172.2
166.2
170.0
105.8
102.7
104.4
5942
105.5
74.1
5943
75.1
79.3
78.9
136.4
132.7
5944
136.9
135.1
187.9
5947
200.9
190.8
194.5
60.9
60.0
5949
58.6
58.2
298.8
261.5
253.0
596
308.2
301.5
298.1
257.9
253.1
5961
185.3
178.3
176.9
175.6
70.9
71.2
70.5
70.6
5962
598
98.7
100.1
99.1
97.9
81.5
81.9
82.6
80.4
442.7
364.9
361.8
363.7
599
446.1
445.8
458.2
376.2
140.8
141.4
5992,3,4
142.4
149.9
63.6
63.5
63.4
50.5
50.9
51.5
51.2
5995
63.9
194.2
190.2
190.1
195.4
244.9
237.4
239.9
5999
241.7
-
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
1,134.0 1,108.2 1,074.6 1,077.6 1,070.6
88.3
87.2
85.5
84.7
342.7
337.9
330.3
333.8
322.9
310.6
292.5
292.9
202.7
200.4
205.0
202.1
-
Avg.
1994
890.0
472.8
284.6
77.9
339.2
146.1
75.4
865.5
460.1
277.4
76.8
328.6
140.1
73.2
935.0
497.0
300.5
77.1
360.9
152.9
78.8
936.9
498.5
300.9
77.0
361.4
153.1
79.2
934.3
-
-
62.3
288.7
126.0
57.4
6,911
6,890
6,894
6,915
5,046
5,026
5,004
5,011
5,035
3,323
3,321
3,304
3,295
3,301
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
2,075.4 2,069.5 2,058.0 2,053.4 2,055.3 1,498.2 1,494.4 1,479.6 1,476.1
1,492.3 1,482.7 1,491.0 1,486.7 1,487.6 1,061.1 1,054.7 1,055.7 1,052.8
604.9
597.7
608.0
607.7
434.1
428.3
436.0
436.5
626.4
619.2
887.4
883.0
627.0
616.8
885.0
879.0
307.7
313.5
288.7
286.9
288.0
161.7
164.3
153.1
152.0
149.2
135.6
146.1
134.9
150.1
148.5
154.0
119.4
154.5
117.9
122.7
123.2
-
60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
61
614
615
616
498.5
134.5
86.7
256.5
510.8
132.2
86.3
272.2
477.7
142.1
88.9
223.7
474.0
140.2
88.9
221.5
477.1
Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services
62
621
518.0
395.1
511.2
390.2
528.6
403.1
526.8
401.2
526.9
23.9
98.9
23.1
97.9
25.6
99.9
25.5
100.1
Ho/ding and other investment offices
Holding offices
67
671
231.4
104.2
229.3
103.9
239.9
106.8
240.5
107.2
-
62.3
288.6
126.2
56.9
7,069.0 7,035.2 7,033.1 7,163.7 7,332.3 6,378.3 6,346.2 6,334.4 6,454.1
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions
98
-
62.0
266.9
115.2
58.1
_
_
-
6,933
Finance
See footnotes at end of table.
-
63.2
275.3
121.4
58.7
May
1995 p
622,3
628
-
222.8
_
242.1
-
368.7
98.1
381.0
96.1
344.0
104.6
340.9
102.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
65.0
64.2
65.8
66.0
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance
1987
SIC
Code
63,64
Production workers1
All employees
Avg.
1994
2,237
Apr.
1994
2,240
Mar.
1995
2,237
Apr.
1995p
2,237
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
2,233
1,550.7 1,558.9 1,536.2 1,536.0 1,533.2 1,091.3 1,094.4 1,093.3 1,093.8
568.7
569.2
378.2
577.9 583.2
378.7
379.7
377.8
307.6
305.2
248.3
294.8 292.4
250.4
239.3
237.4
244.7
243.2
201.7
232.7! 230.7
203.1
193.0
191.5
536.9
538.6
366.4
541.61 540.2
364.4
361.6
358.6
59.8
81.2
60.2
74.2
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
636
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
686.4
681.3
700.8
701.0
699.9
65
651
653
655
1,373
574.6
651.0
111.6
1,350
566.1
635.9
110.3
1,349
565.8
650.0
103.5
1,362
568.6
654.0
109.6
1,381
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
31,488 31,248 32,319 32,609
Services
565.2 J 557.6
521.9
155.6
320.2
594.6
157.1
390.4
32,751 27,543 27,345 28,238 28,501
618.6
474.2
128.0
307.7
467.4
126.4
303.4
430.6
130.1
262.8
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
07
074
078
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels
70
701
1,618.0 1,581.1 1,553.3 1,567.5 1,628.0
1,566.2 1,537.0 1,511.0 1,522.7
1,379.2 1,351.3 1,325.4 1,337.1
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services
72
721
722
723
726
729
1,139.3 1,196.6 1,219.3 1,215.1 1,120.9
422.6 418.4 424.4 427.3
71.6
71.0
70.5
74.6
384.1 384.0
385.2 384.7
89.0
88.6I
88.2
88.9
226.6
150.7] 216.7
234.5
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories
73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384
6,239.0
224.1
151.9
116.4
255.2
62.6
854.5
80.5
774.0
215.5
33.6
39.2
142.7
2,253.6
251.8
2,001.7
950.0
207.5
154.7
115.6
211.8
47.8
42.8
1,369.8
506.1
44.1
70.8
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
153.5
364.7
970.5
174.1
109.6
62.3
542.7
189.1
226.9
151.5
360.2
6,075.4
221.1
150.1
117.3
249.4
62.0
845.7
80.5
765.2
211.4
32.8
37.7
140.9
2,157.6
243.4
1,914.2
932.7
204.2
151.9
113.3
209.3
46.5
43.1
1,340.2
494.0
43.3
68.6
6,444.8
234.2
159.9
117.8
272.3
66.7
862.6
81.3
781.3
220.8
36.5
41.0
143.3
2,303.1
265.6
2,037.5
1,021.3
226.2
164.8
122.2
230.0
52.7
42.3
1,412.7
516.3
47.1
66.0
6,480.4
236.0
161.5
118.1
275.3
68.0
863.5
83.7
779.8
225.5
36.5
42.6
146.4
2,329.2
269.2
2,060.0
1,026.0
228.1
166.8
122.1
232.2
53.5
41.3
1,406.8
516.2
47.5
66.8
498.9
131.1
329.4
373.8
369.7
374.3
376.9
344.9
345.0
344.9
344.6
129.6
193.5
205.9
202.8
6,554.9 5,563.7 5,413.5 5,729.1 5,757.3
161.4
163.4
171.2
170.5
51.2
766.9
63.4
703.4
172.4
26.5
33.2
112.6
50.4
758.3
63.4
694.9
168.8
25.8
31.8
111.2
54.4
773.1
64.7
708.4
176.3
28.8
34.7
112.8
55.7
773.5
66.6
706.9
180.9
28.7
36.3
115.9
2.372.5
2,101.2 1,946.5 1,861.7 1,976.3 1,998.5
1,031.8 770.3
757.5 823.6 826.1
172.3
174.9
189.8
191.6
957.4 1,011.9 1,015.3 1,018.8
169.3
183.9
182.5
106.0
116.6
115.7
61.6
63.7
63.3
536.0
560.61 563.7
186.5
196.11 197.0
224.5 233.9
234.6
86.9
84.7
91.9
91.9
36.7
35.9
40.6
41.2
35.6
35.7
35.3
33.8
1,201.3 1,175.0 1,239.7 1,230.7
471.8
462.0 479.4
478.7
37.1
37.8
39.8
40.2
800.2
142.1
90.3
55.1
439.9
156.1
183.8
789.6
137.9
87.1
54.6
434.8
154.4
181.7
835.5
150.2
96.4
56.1
452.5
161.3
187.9
838.9
151.2
97.4
56.6
455.6
162.5
188.6
See footnotes at end of table.
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
754
7542
191.4
109.0
190.5|
110.2
205.5
117.7
204.0
115.1
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
333.9
105.3
330.1
103.9
340.1
106.9
341.3
107.9
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
78
781
783
784
471.2
200.5
113.4
137.8
446.6
179.1
110.4
138.1
576.2
301.5
110.9
142.7
596.4
322.1
113.9
138.7
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
1,344.1 1,314.8 1,331.2 1,438.8 1,534.3 1,175.3 1,143.6 1,153.2 1,253.6
90.4
85.3
90.11
87.7
76.0
80.5
78.4
80.7
982.6 942.1
974.2 1,071.2
933.41
862.4
822.3
842.6
139.2
137.7
158.11 158.3
140.9
125.0
123.6
140.5
307.8
281.7 280.01 324.5
268.7
281.3
244.3
239.1
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services
80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
9,000.7
1,540.5
574.5
379.4
156.3
1,648.8
1,222.3
205.6
220.9
3,774.4
3,469.4
99.0
206.0
191.6
555.4
8,934.1
1,526.2
570.5
373.0
154.8
1,635.3
1,212.1
203.6
219.6
3,763.6
3,458.2
99.7
205.7
189.6
542.6
Legal services
81
926.8
921.3
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
82
821
822
824
1,822.0 1,922.4 1,980.4 1,983.1 1,913.5
570.0 566.9
544.0 551.6
1,064.5 1,157.1 1,184.4 1,188.8
79.0
75.6
76.3
80.4
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
2,180.7 2,159.7 2,268.3 2,272.5 2,284.5 1,888.1 1,869.1 1,964.5 1,967.6
590.7
588.6 607.1 608.1
512.2
527.2 528.3
510.4
298.1 285.3
305.7 307.5
251.9 240.3
259.5 261.1
501.9
533.9 534.4
507.7
443.0
449.6
471.5 471.6
539.3
602.0
628.8 631.9
591.9 627.5
546.4
515.4
523.9
545.3
188.0
193.7
194.1
186.2
153.4
160.2
157.1
161.0
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
84
Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
861
862
863
864
2,059.1 2,046.3 2,046.7 2,046.2 2,053.9
103.7
102.6
100.7
100.3
53.4
53.7
54.2
54.5
144.5
140.9
136.2
133.6
401.9
412.9
410.3
411.9
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
2,567.0 2,557.2 2,671.1 2,687.9 2,672.8 1,972.9 1,967.5 2,052.8 2,067.9
786.9
774.9
759.9
790.91 797.4 637.9
647.4
650.4
625.2
602.9
591.7 610.5
613.9
501.2
491.4
507.9
510.2
126.0
121.7
119.1
126.0
94.7
98.0
92.8
98.0
50.4
50.4
49.1
51.0
41.5
41.0
42.0
42.2
547.9
512.9
531.7
546.3
374.7
392.9 404.2
402.6
See footnotes at end of table.
100
79.0
77.1
9,178.8
1,571.0
590.5
400.5
164.2
1,675.5|
1,243.1
207.6
224.8
3,797.7!
3,494.2]
97.9
205.6]
197.4
596.1
927.9
75.5
9,192.8
1,574.4
589.5
403.5
165.0
1,676.4
1,243.9
208.2
224.3
3,802.0
3,498.4
97.4
206.2
198.2
597.8
926.4
79.0
163.1
95.8
162.3
97.0
176.7
104.5]
175.5
102.0
340.2
270.1
266.4
276.6
277.7
619.1
391.1
164.7
371.1
146.9
478.8
250.8
493.9
266.91
113.1
113.7
117.6
113.2
9,211.4 7,973.6 7,919.3 8,128.7 8,140.3
1,578.1 1,257.5 1,247.7 1,279.6 1,282.1
498.7
502.0
516.2
513.9
307.7 330.5
333.3
312.9
1,674.1 1,486.6 1,474.3 1,510.8 1,511.5
184.4
182.6
186.3
186.9
3,803.0 3,451.1 3,442.4 3,472.4 3,477.1
603.7
514.1
503.8
551.9
553.5
924.0
742.4
738.7
741.2
739.5
83.9
38.2
38.0
38.4
38.61
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee
1987
SIC
Code
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
4
560.1
227.1
114.0
135.5
705.5
246.7
232.2
32.5
566.1
222.3
120.3
137.3
770.2
272.9
259.3
33.7
565.2
221.5
120.1
137.2
785.5
277.9
264.3
33.9
40.3
39.8
40.7
40.9
2,870
Federal Government
4
Apr.
1995p
563.2
227.7
114.1
136.7
716.1
251.0
238.5
32.5
19,118 19,422 19,643
Government
Production workers1
All employees
2,876
2,822
May
1995p
795.0
41.5
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
430.8
166.4
90.5 j
106.0
529.5)
177.9
178.0
22.8
426.9
164.9
90.7
104.9
522.5
174.9
172.0
23.0
434.8
163.0
96.4
106.4
566.4
192.2
195.2
22.7
434.0
162.2
96.0
106.4
580.9
196.7
199.9
22.9
32.0
31.6
32.2
May
1995p
32.5
19,621 19,620
2,802
2,802
835.0
837.0
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
2,806.5 2,812.0 2,760.0
825.2 829.7
787.8
817.6 804.1
833.5
1,163.7 1,178.2 1,138.7
36.2
36.6
34.1
27.6
27.6
27.8
Federal Government, except Postal Service
2,052.8 2,072.1 1,988.4 1,966.9 1,965.0
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
3731
806
75.5
41.0
77.8
42.9
69.5
36.3
68.6
35.7
23.7
383.9
233
24.2
384.7
234
21.3
372.2
229
21.2
372.7
229
806
State government
82
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
State government, except education
4,562.0 4,666.0 4,736.0 4,732.0 4,664.0
408.4 397.8 394.8
405.5
1,875.0 1,998.5 2,045.1 2,041.4 1,973.8
Local government
806
Transportation and public utilities
82
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
Local government, except education
fl 1,685.01 1,880. 012, 085..01 2,087.0(12,154.0
452.4
458.4 458.0 455.3
682.8
675.5 672.5 682.0
6,489.7 6,788.0 6,975.4 6,961.3 6,982.9
1,778.2 1,762.4 1,792.0 1,795.0
2,687
2,667
2,690
2,691
3,645.51 3,563.2 3,566.7 3,579.1
5,195.0 5,092.4 5,109.1 5,125.9 5,170.7
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
2,691
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and differ from data previously published. See the article in
this issue for additional information.
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Avg.
1994
Mar.
1994
Jan.
1995
Feb.
1995
55,053
54,503
55,347
55,688
Total private
44,650
43,877
44,812
44,929
Goods-producing
6,618
6,511
6,625
6,627
85
85
82
82
551
523
559
561
5,982
5,903
5,984
5,984
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,759
124
154
104
97
306
431
661
353
353
175
2,724
119
152
103
95
300
426
653
350
356
171
2,790
127
158
103
100
313
435
674
357
348
174
2,794
126
157
104
101
315
437
676
357
348
175
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,223
547
13
319
741
167
688
335
25
325
63
3,179
521
13
318
742
165
683
333
24
319
63
3,194
534
14
314
719
165
696
333
24
334
62
3,190
531
13
313
718
164
699
333
24
334
61
48,435
47,992
48,722
49,061
Transportation and public utilities
1,766
1,739
1,802
1,812
Wholesale trade
1,881
1,853
1,904
1,909
10,791
10,445
10,797
10,662
4,378
4,366
4,343
4,340
Services
19,215
18,963
19,341
19,579
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,396
1,197
2,283
6,916
10,626
1,198
2,338
7,090
10,535
1,179
2,284
7,072
10,759
1,182
2,367
7,210
Industry
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and differ from data previously published. See the article
102
in this issue for additional information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
Apr.
1994
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Mar.
1995
1,747.7
426.1
162.8
203.2
147.0
71.6
1,769.9
434.6
161.8
207.3
148.1
72.1
Apr.
1995?
1,777.3
435.2
162.7
209.1
149.1
72.6
Apr.
1994
1
10.8
3.3
10.4
2.9
()
0
(1) 2.3
0
(1)
(1) 2.5
251.9
118.3
253.0
118.2
255.0
119.2
10.5
3.5
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
1,686.9
1,135.7
295.2
1,759.9
1,197.3
304.2
1,762.0
1,197.1
306.1
12.0
4.8
2.6
1,025.7
122.0
89.5
277.2
34.4
1,061.6
128.3
89.6
287.4
35.3
1,070.4
129.4
90.4
288.7
35.3
12,098.8
169.3
256.5
3,701.2
120.4
876.5
1,124.0
743.1
563.8
107.5
950.4
900.2
793.0
144.2
146.2
155.0
139.6
231.6
12,192.8
169.2
256.2
3,733.2
119.7
871.2
1,128.1
759.7
567.6
104.6
948.3
900.6
789.9
143.7
148.4
154.4
139.9
231.7
12,218.1
169.7
257.9
3,732.4
120.3
874.9
1,130.1
760.2
569.0
105.7
950.4
902.4
789.7
143.9
149.7
155.1
142.1
234.4
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
1,733.8
139.5
931.7
1,789.8
147.0
956.2
1,790.0
147.3
959.5
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
1,536.8
176.7
81.6
582.2
238.8
126.5
183.6
79.9
1,530.2
177.3
83.2
583.8
237.8
127.5
183.4
81.1
1,542.5
178.6
83.6
584.3
239.6
128.2
185.0
81.4
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
351.6
47.3
275.8
354.9
48.0
277.2
359.1
48.8
279.6
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
659.5
2,360.5
645.7
2,385.2
646.5
2,397.7
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
5,789.5
141.6
560.0
140.6
105.5
452.9
158.5
169.2
907.9
682.1
141.1
203.5
138.1
954.3
388.3
6,018.3
150.1
587.4
145.6
111.3
468.7
166.0
174.6
927.4
722.9
144.4
215.3
143.1
990.9
405.5
6,014.7
148.3
587.6
144.6
111.0
472.5
165.9
174.3
925.9
722.3
145.3
214.8
142.8
992.6
401.9
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
(1)
1
(1)
()
3.4
.9
9.3
3.0
10.7
5.5
10.1
5.6
10.9
5.8
12.7
4.9
2.8
105.1
72.8
17.6
113.3
79.0
18.8
112.4
77.9
18.9
3.3
40.6
4.8
3.3
11.9
.7
42.6
5.2
3.4
12.6
.6
43.9
5.4
3.4
12.9
•7
452.0
8.7
13.2
103.8
6.8
40.3
45.5
37.6
25.9
3.7
39.4
26.2
25.4
4.7
7.0
6.1
7.9
9.5
462.5
8.0
12.1
109.6
6.2
36.3
45.7
39.8
24.1
4.1
40.2
25.8
25.5
4.8
7.4
5.2
8.1
9.3
476.0
8.4
12.6
110.2
6.5
39.2
46.0
41.0
25.1
4.4
41.2
26.7
26.3
4.8
7.7
5.4
8.6
9.7
91.9
5.5
49.0
94.7
6.1
50.3
94.5
6.3
49.4
.6
47.1
4.7
2.8
18.7
7.7
3.3
4.6
2.6
45.5
4.3
2.9
16.6
6.7
3.4
4.2
2.7
48.7
4.8
2.9
18.3
6.8
3.5
4.7
3.0
.1
.2
16.6
2.1
12.7
16.5
2.2
12.3
18.1
2.6
13.1
.1
.7
8.8
109.9
9.4
111.0
9.6
115.8
7.2
289.7
7.0
31.2
11.4
3.7
23.8
7.7
8.6
35.4
35.2
9.0
9.6
4.9
42.6
20.7
306.2
7.6
32.1
11.6
4.6
24.0
8.2
8.5
34.7
39.5
9.4
9.6
5.2
45.3
23.0
306.1
7.5
32.3
11.8
4.6
24.3
6.2
8.4
34.7
39.1
9.2
9.5
5.2
45.6
23.1
V)
32.5
10.8
.6
6.9
3.3
O
.9
(1)
(1)
O
.9
0
(1)
30.3
10.9
.7
6.2
30.3
11.0
.7
6.2
(2) 2.8
(2) 2.7
(2) 2.6
1.0
1.2
.5
.2
.4
.6
.1
.9
.6
.1
.4
1.9
1.0
1.3
.5
.2
.4
.6
.1
1.0
.5
.1
.4
1.8
1.0
1.3
.5
.2
.4
.6
.1
1.0
.6
.1
.5
1.8
15.6
O
(2)
V)
8.4
.8
V)
1
()
V)
0
(2)
(2)
.1
.2
.1
.7
6.9
(2) .2
(2)
(2)
2
<) 3.4
(2) .4
(2)
2
(2)
(2)
( ) .4
(2)
15.0
(1) 7.8
(2)
1
(1)
(f)
<
>
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
.5
.1
.2
.1
.7
7.3
(2) .2
(22
)
<)
(2) 3.7
(2) .5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2) .5
(2)
Apr.
1995*
2.6
()
12.7
5.1
2.8
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
Mar.
1995
81.9
21.9
6.0
14.9
7.3
4.3
11.0
3.3
(1)
1
9.4
3.0
Alaska
Anchorage
Apr.
1994
Apr.
1995p
Mar.
1995
14.9
V)
(2)
(1)
(')
O
1
(1)
(2)
()
(2)
7.7
(2) .2
2
<)
(2)
2
( ) 3.7
(2) .4
(2)
2
(2)
(2)
( ) .5
(2)
83.0
22.1
5.6
15.6
7.4
4.3
85.5
22.2
6.0
16.1
7.6
4.4
See footnotes at end of table.
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and
public utilities
Manufacturing
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995"
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995^
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995"
382.6
51.6
36.6
27.7
17.8
10.4
387.8
53.2
38.0
27.1
17.7
10.4
388.1
53.1
38.2
27.0
17.6
10.3
85.6
30.0
3.3
11.8
6.0
2.3
85.8
29.6
3.1
12.2
6.0
2.3
85.9
29.8
3.1
12.2
6.0
2.3
387.4
102.5
30.6
53.0
33.7
15.5
398.2
106.4
30.7
55.1
34.5
16.0
400.9
106.7
31.0
55.9
34.9
16.2
14.4
1.9
17.0
1.9
15.5
2.0
22.4
12.3
22.3
12.1
22.6
12.2
50.6
27.9
50.5
27.9
51.7
28.3
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
190.7
147.7
26.2
198.5
153.2
28.0
198.8
153.4
28.1
83.5
58.9
12.9
88.8
61.9
13.9
88.8
61.9
13.8
407.4
272.2
67.6
424.0
287.3
69.3
428.1
289.3
70.7
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
250.7
33.5
26.8
34.1
7.4
261.5
34.9
27.4
36.5
7.5
261.6
34.9
27.8
36.4
7.6
57.2
8.2
5.6
17.0
2.0
60.9
8.8
6.2
18.6
1.9
61.3
8.9
6.2
18.6
1.9
228.8
32.4
18.1
64.7
7.2
237.4
34.1
17.3
66.2
7.2
241.0
34.6
17.5
66.9
7.3
1,762.4
9.6
28.9
641.4
22.9
101.2
206.0
86.1
35.6
8.7
112.6
73.5
225.1
17.4
20.3
21.4
13.5
29.5
1,761.4
9.5
28.9
638.6
22.6
102.8
205.1
87.8
36.7
8.1
109.9
73.8
223.2
16.8
20.2
21.2
14.2
28.2
1,760.2
9.3
28.9
636.1
22.1
102.9
204.8
87.5
37.3
8.2
109.6
73.7
223.5
16.7
20.3
21.4
14.2
28.1
604.2
8.3
12.3
197.0
5.3
56.7
37.8
36.5
23.9
4.9
35.4
74.4
23.3
4.9
5.7
9.8
5.9
10.9
607.7
8.2
12.3
198.3
5.3
55.3
39.9
38.5
24.7
4.5
35.9
73.2
23.1
4.9
5.8
10.5
5.4
11.4
609.6
8.1
12.3
197.4
5.3
55.5
40.1
38.5
24.7
4.5
36.0
73.4
23.2
4.8
5.9
10.5
5.5
11.4
2,796.1
40.9
63.0
807.2
30.0
202.3
278.2
195.9
125.4
28.9
224.7
190.2
156.7
34.1
37.6
38.3
35.9
55.2
2,795.3
39.8
62.2
810.1
30.2
202.0
283.2
197.8
126.3
28.1
223.6
190.8
158.0
34.2
38.1
38.2
37.0
56.3
2,797.5
40.3
62.7
809.9
30.4
203.0
282.2
198.2
126.3
28.5
222.9
190.8
157.1
34.6
38.1
38.2
37.2
56.6
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
187.5
29.5
88.7
192.9
30.2
90.2
193.3
30.3
90.6
106.6
3.8
73.9
106.7
4.1
74.3
106.7
4.3
74.7
418.3
28.9
225.6
440.0
31.6
236.3
439.9
31.6
237.3
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford . . .
New Haven-Meriden
284.5
42.3
19.7
94.7
40.1
28.3
29.1
18.0
281.5
41.6
19.7
92.2
40.9
28.1
28.4
18.3
281.6
41.6
19.6
92.5
41.1
27.7
28.6
18.3
69.2
7.1
2.8
24.0
16.0
5.8
8.4
3.2
70.6
7.0
2.9
25.0
16.4
5.8
8.5
3.4
70.6
7.1
2.9
25.0
16.3
5.8
8.5
3.3
330.0
39.2
20.7
120.6
48.2
25.9
42.7
15.8
328.1
39.8
20.7
122.0
48.1
26.4
42.5
16.0
331.7
40.3
20.7
122.0
48.7
27.0
42.4
16.0
Wilmington-Newark
63.5
5.9
48.8
62.7
6.1
44.7
62.1
6.0
44.4
15.3
1.7
13.3
15.6
1.6
14.2
15.9
1.7
14.3
75.7
12.1
55.8
75.6
12.4
55.8
77.7
12.7
56.5
District of Columbia .
Washington PMSA
12.9
92.7
13.0
94.4
13.0
94.7
21.2
107.6
20.3
107.8
20.2
108.4
52.7
444.6
52.5
449.4
53.9
454.7
482.1
13.1
41.0
5.6
5.5
33.6
20.5
28.8
79.7
50.5
11.1
18.8
4.7
86.6
30.2
487.7
14.0
41.5
5.7
5.9
35.0
20.4
29.4
80.3
52.5
11.3
19.6
486.0
13.8
41.5
5.7
6.1
34.9
20.5
29.4
80.4
52.4
11.2
19.6
5.0 I
86.9
30.2
294.2
3.7
26.6
6.1
1.9
32.1
8.2
4.7
73.9
37.6
6.4
5.2
300.0
3.7
27.9
6.3
1.9
31.7
8.5
4.5
76.2
39.1
6.2
5.1
3.3
43.8
15.1
300.4
3.8
27.8
6.2
1.9
31.5
8.5
4.5
75.7
38.9
6.2
5.1
3.3
43.7
15.0
1,504.4
40.7
158.6
39.2
22.1
112.5
43.3
38.8
239.1
167.9
33.9
53.2
29.0
240.8
104.9
1,564.4
43.1
167.2
40.6
23.1
114.8
44.9
41.6
241.8
175.5
34.3
55.7
30.1
249.4
111.9
1,562.0
42.7
166.7
40.3
22.8
114.8
44.9
41.6
241.3
175.5
34.8
55.3
30.1
250.0
109.5
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Stamford-Norwalk
Delaware
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Orlando
See footnotes at end of table.
104
87.0
31.2
3A
42.4
14.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Governmenl
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
76.6
30.5
4.6
8.9
8.6
2.1
77.0
30.6
4.6
9.0
8.5
2.2
76.6
30.1
4.6
9.0
8.5
2.3
374.6
118.7
41.1
52.8
36.2
12.0
378.5
120.7
39.6
54.1
36.5
12.2
380.4
121.3
39.9
54.4
36.8
12.4
348.6
68.0
40.6
34.1
37.4
22.7
348.8
68.7
40.2
34.2
37.5
22.2
348.9
68.7
39.9
34.5
37.7
22.1
Alaska
Anchorage
11.8
7.3
11.7
7.3
11.8
7.2
56.0
30.6
57.3
31.6
58.1
31.8
75.5
29.3
74.7
28.8
75.1
28.9
110.2
89.2
12.8
111.2
91.3
12.0
110.6
91.0
11.9
479.1
331.9
88.0
505.6
353.8
91.3
505.5
352.9
91.8
298.9
158.2
67.5
305.8
165.7
68.1
305.1
165.8
68.1
41.4
4.1
2.9
16.8
1.4
42.4
4.3
3.0
17.1
1.4
42.7
4.3
3.0
17.2
1.4
228.2
22.7
22.4
77.6
7.7
234.4
24.0
21.8
79.6
8.3
237.7
24.3
22.0
80.2
8.2
175.4
16.3
9.5
55.1
8.0
179.1
17.0
9.6
56.8
8.4
178.9
17.0
9.6
56.5
8.2
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
798.4
5.9
13.9
244.8
5.1
58.7
95.7
32.5
42.6
6.7
61.3
100.9
30.9
7.8
10.9
8.9
5.6
12.6
772.5
5.9
13.3
239.1
4.6
54.4
90.8
31.4
41.5
6.5
58.7
99.5
28.8
7.4
10.7
8.5
5.3
12.1
771.3
6.0
13.2
238.7
4.6
53.7
90.1
31.5
41.5
6.5
59.3
99.3
28.5
7.3
10.8
8.5
5.4
12.1
3,532.4
37.6
62.7
1,161.0
28.0
242.2
327.9
194.0
147.1
28.2
293.2
306.2
241.2
44.3
38.4
36.2
35.5
68.3
3,627.8
38.6
62.8
1,191.5
28.2
244.9
332.6
199.0
149.7
28.1
293.6
310.5
241.3
43.9
39.8
36.5
35.4
69.6
3,637.1
38.6
63.5
1,194.5
28.7
245.5
335.7
198.7
149.9
28.5
294.7
311.3
241.3
44.0
40.3
36.6
36.6
70.2
2,120.8
47.5
61.9
539.1
22.3
172.3
131.9
159.3
162.8
26.2
183.4
128.2
90.3
30.1
25.7
34.2
34.9
43.7
2,135.3
48.3
63.9
539.8
22.6
172.8
129.8
164.1
164.1
25.0
186.0
126.4
89.9
30.7
25.9
34.2
34.1
43.0
2,136.1
48.0
64.0
539.4
22.7
172.5
130.2
163.5
163.7
24.9
186.3
126.6
89.7
30.7
26.0
34.4
34.1
44.5
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
110.5
5.3
73.2
110.7
5.1
73.0
110.8
5.1
73.1
497.0
40.4
271.4
520.5
43.5
282.7
519.7
43.4
284.9
306.4
26.1
141.5
309.3
26.4
141.6
310.2
26.3
141.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
136.4
10.4
4.0
76.4
14.3
3.6
21.0
4.2
132.7
10.3
4.1
73.4
13.8
3.5
21.4
4.2
132.9
10.1
4.3
73.4
13.7
3.6
21.6
4.2
448.1
53.0
21.8
153.5
81.3
31.4
61.1
23.4
451.0
54.3
22.2
156.7
80.7
31.2
61.3
23.6
456.3
54.5
22.3
155.8
82.5
31.2
62.0
23.8
220.7
20.0
9.8
94.3
31.2
28.2
16.7
12.7
220.3
20.0
10.7
97.9
31.2
29.1
17.1
12.9
220.1
20.2
10.9
97.3
30.5
29.4
17.2
12.8
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
38.3
1.5
33.7
40.5
1.4
36.1
40.7
1.4
36.4
90.4
10.4
74.0
91.9
10.6
76.5
92.7
10.6
77.4
51.7
13.6
37.3
52.0
13.7
37.4
51.8
13.8
37.3
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
31.4
139.0
31.0
135.9
31.2
135.4
258.8
834.9
261.1
866.4
261.6
872.1
273.6
631.1
258.3
619.6
256.9
615.9
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
374.0
6.3
40.9
8.1
4.5
47.9
7.6
5.7
66.0
41.2
5.2
10.8
5.2
65.6
26.8
382.2
6.5
41.0
8.4
4.6
49.9
7.6
5.8
67.0
43.2
5.6
11.1
5.2
66.7
27.5
382.5
6.5
41.2
8.2
4.6
49.7
7.5
5.8
66.9
43.3
5.6
11.1
5.2
66.5
27.5
1,919.2
47.3
183.0
47.6
29.3
138.2
43.3
57.4
279.2
268.3
45.6
80.2
33.5
347.4
140.6
2,028.7
51.3
196.0
49.4
31.3
146.2
46.6
59.5
291.5
290.6
47.9
88.8
35.0
366.6
145.6
2,032.4
50.3
196.3
48.9
31.6
150.0
46.6
59.5
290.7
291.8
48.9
89.0
35.1
368.1
145.9
919.0
23.5
78.5
22.5
38.5
64.4
24.5
25.2
134.2
81.0
29.7
25.7
57.2
128.5
50.2
941.8
23.9
81.5
23.5
39.9
66.7
26.1
25.3
135.4
82.0
29.4
25.3
59.0
131.6
51.2
938.1
23.7
81.6
23.4
39.4
66.9
26.0
25.1
135.8
80.8
29.2
25.1
58.7
131.3
50.7
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
See footnotes at end of table.
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
3,227.9
54.6
64.4
1,709.2
189.8
104.1
136.5
122.4
3,360.5
55.4
68.5
1,796.7
192.7
106.9
139.3
125.0
3.376.1
55.5
68.3
1,808.7
193.3
107.5
140.3
125.7
Hawaii
Honolulu
538.3
414.0
539.0
413.7
536.6
411.6
Idaho
Boise City
454.2
170.0
472.1
176.2
475.2
177.2
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
5,419.2
72.0
93.6
3,753.3
165.2
54.7
40.4
158.0
160.5
107.5
5,488.6
74.5
94.5
3,821.0
167.6
52.9
41.3
151.4
161.7
108.1
5,521.1
75.0
93.8
3,840.8
167.6
53.2
40.7
153.4
162.9
108.7
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2.701.6
61.7
111.9
146.5
249.4
249.5
766.5
49.4
85.6
59.6
127.8
68.1
2,745.9
64.2
118.0
145.3
256.1
249.0
784.6
50.4
87.4
61.8
125.7
68.6
2,762.7
64.6
119.5
146.4
257.8
248.7
788.4
50.7
88.7
62.9
126.7
69.8
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,314.5
102.3
250.5
48.8
62.9
61.6
66.7
1,331.1
106.1
256.2
50.3
63.6
63.0
67.6
1,353.8
106.6
257.5
50.5
63.7
63.5
67.8
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,161.9
41.8
96.8
251.7
1,189.4
42.8
97.3
254.2
1,200.8
43.1
98.5
254.8
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,587.4
243.7
511.7
41.0
1,615.3
250.5
520.6
42.6
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,704.2
50.7
259.2
61.9
141.7
76.0
62.9
579.2
156.7
518.6
39.8
126.5
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
106
7.5
(2)
(1) 1.5
(2)
0
7.7
1.6
.5
.5
O
1.1
V)
Apr.
1994
Apr.
1995P
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1994
1.1
7.7
148.7
3.2
2.1
82.2
11.2
4.2
5.1
6.9
149.6
3.2
2.2
83.0
10.5
4.3
5.2
6.8
29.2
22.4
27.3
20.9
27.1
20.5
2.8
27.5
12.4
28.7
12.9
30.5
13.2
14.1
202.5
2.1
2.6
137.1
7.6
3.1
2.5
7.0
5.6
4.7
189.7
2.1
2.5
130.8
7.1
3.3
2.3
6.4
5.3
4.0
202.9
2.3
2.6
138.3
7.7
3.4
2.2
7.2
5.6
4.2
123.1
2.6
3.8
8.7
10.8
16.5
39.7
1.4
3.1
2.4
6.5
3.0
122.8
2.7
4.0
8.4
11.0
17.0
39.4
1.4
3.1
2.4
5.9
2.6
128.5
2.9
4.5
8.9
11.7
16.3
41.9
1.5
3.3
2.7
6.5
3.1
2.2
51.5
5.2
10.6
1.7
2.2
2.6
2.4
47.8
5.4
9.5
2.0
2.3
2.5
2.4
53.0
5.6
10.6
2.1
2.3
2.7
2.6
8.3
( ) 1.5
47.9
1.8
4.0
12.0
47.9
1.6
3.6
11.7
51.0
1.8
4.0
12.0
1.6
.5
V)
V)
(1)
o
V)
1.2
(1)
V)
2.3
(1)
15.0
V)
0
2.1
V)
1
()
o
V)
(1)
o
2.7
O
13.9
(1)
V)
1.8
(1)
O
V)
V)
O
(1)
0
V)
6.8
V)
0
(1)
V)
1.6
.8
0
f
<
>
0
0
.4
O
0
0
O
O
V)
1.5
.9
.3
2.1
V)
V)
0
(1)
0
V)
0
0
0
O
V)
(1)
V)
1.5
.9
A
o
V)
0
8.1
6.6
0
V)
0)
0
(1)
V)
0)
0)
1.8
(1)
(1)
0)
(')
0
V)
2.2
0)
0
O
0
6.3
V)
V)
Apr.
1995P
137.6
3.1
2.2
72.9
11.1
4.4
4.8
6.6
(2)
V)
V)
(1)
Mar.
1995
8.2
1.4
(1)
(1) 1.5
1,629.0
252.4
524.5
42.9
27.8
.2
.6
;5
26.8
.2
.6
.4
26.9
.2
.6
.4
73.2
11.1
26.1
2.7
69.4
11.1
28.4
3.1
72.4
11.5
29.1
3.2
1,783.5
51.9
270.4
63.8
144.9
79.6
64.2
591.3
160.9
1,786.8
52.1
268.4
64.1
146.3
79.5
64.4
593.2
161.8
46.1
.1
.8
5.6
11.4
1.4
.3
13.5
2.9
48.7
.1
1.0
5.6
11.4
1.4
.3
13.1
2.8
48.3
.1
1.0
5.4
11.4
1.3
.3
13.1
2.8
101.9
3.0
28.9
3.1
6.9
8.3
2.8
26.9
8.1
107.7
2.8
31.1
2.7
8.1
8.9
3.0
27.2
8.3
106.1
3.1
29.1
2.8
8.4
8.1
3.1
26.8
8.7
522.3
40.4
127.7
530.6
40.8
127.5
.1
18.8
1.4
4.9
17.5
1.5
4.9
19.7
1.6
4.9
0
V)
(2)
(2)
.1
(2)
(2)
.1
V)
1
(2)
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
Dublic utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
570.0
7.8
11.1
203.6
44.1
20.7
19.4
17.2
587.5
7.3
11.7
211.5
44.6
20.8
19.8
16.9
586.3
7.4
11.5
211.0
44.7
20.6
19.8
17.0
207.6
3.1
1.6
142.9
5.6
3.5
5.6
9.6
207.7
3.0
1.6
142.2
5.9
3.5
5.3
9.6
208.2
3.0
1.6
142.4
5.9
3.6
5.3
9.7
801.9
13.3
15.4
452.8
40.5
23.4
31.4
30.5
836.1
13.4
16.3
479.3
40.6
24.0
33.1
30.9
842.9
13.3
16.4
482.0
41.5
24.2
33.7
31.5
Hawaii
Honolulu
18.0
13.5
17.0
12.9
16.9
12.9
41.9
34.1
41.5
33.7
41.3
33.5
131.2
98.6
134.2
100.5
133.1
99.7
Idaho
Boise City
69.6
30.1
73.0
31.3
72.6
31.4
21.1
8.2
22.6
8.3
22.6
8.3
114.3
40.3
118.3
41.9
119.7
41.9
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
950.3
8.1
11.3
643.7
29.2
12.9
6.7
31.7
50.5
4.4
953.6
8.9
11.4
652.2
29.9
10.6
6.8
25.0
51.5
4.6
954.1
8.9
11.5
651.0
30.1
10.5
6.8
25.0
51.5
4.6
313.9
2.9
2.5
227.5
8.5
5.2
1.9
8.9
7.6
4.5
320.6
2.9
2.6
228.6
8.7
5.2
1.9
8.9
8.1
5.1
320.6
2.9
2.5
228.6
8.6
5.1
1.8
6.9
8.1
5.1
1,252.8
16.2
19.2
869.7
47.1
12.3
10.4
38.1
33.9
22.7
1,276.4
16.4
19.5
883.8
48.1
12.3
10.9
38.2
34.3
23.1
1,281.5
16.4
19.3
886.8
47.3
12.2
10.7
38.6
34.0
23.1
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
656.6
9.0
58.0
33.0
70.6
51.9
121.9
19.6
19.4
11.0
22.1
12.8
676.2
9.6
60.6
31.5
72.6
52.8
124.3
20.4
20.4
11.2
23.0
13.0
676.0
9.6
60.9
31.8
73.2
52.8
124.3
20.3
20.7
11.2
22.9
13.1
135.6
1.7
7.1
13.1
16.1
45.2
1.3
2.1
5.0
5.8
2.9
135.7
1.7
3.9
7.1
13.1
15.7
46.8
1.2
2.1
5.5
6.0
2.8
138.4
1.8
3.9
7.2
13.1
15.9
46.5
1.2
2.2
5.8
6.0
3.0
631.8
14.0
19.9
37.0
57.8
60.0
196.6
10.6
17.1
12.7
32.5
19.2
652.9
15.5
21.4
37.0
60.2
59.5
207.3
10.9
17.5
13.7
32.0
19.6
657.3
15.6
22.1
37.6
60.5
60.0
209.4
10.9
17.9
13.9
32.2
19.7
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
242.3
21.0
25.9
12.8
4.5
12.4
14.2
248.7
21.4
26.2
13.1
4.5
12.6
14.4
250.4
21.4
26.2
13.1
4.6
12.5
14.2
58.3
6.7
12.1
2.0
1.7
3.7
1.9
59.4
7.2
12.3
1.9
1.8
3.8
2.0
60.0
7.1
12.1
1.9
1.8
3.8
2.0
327.5
23.6
66.0
11.5
11.7
15.4
16.0
327.3
24.1
67.5
11.9
12.1
15.8
16.2
335.2
24.4
68.1
12.1
11.8
16.0
16.4
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
187.1
4.9
10.0
56.6
193.7
5.2
10.3
57.6
194.1
5.2
10.3
57.1
67.1
1.1
6.8
11.3
69.9
1.1
6.8
11.4
70.0
1.1
6.9
11.3
279.3
10.1
20.9
58.5
284.9
10.5
20.9
58.4
287.1
10.6
21.1
59.0
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
301.8
40.3
90.2
6.5
310.3
42.0
92.2
6.4
309.3
42.1
90.5
6.4
87.0
9.8
34.8
2.1
89.4
10.2
35.9
2.2
89.7
10.3
36.0
2.2
371.4
55.1
121.5
10.3
382.0
57.3
125.2
10.9
386.8
58.1
126.9
10.9
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
184.4
3.5
22.6
5.0
16.0
10.8
8.0
48.0
19.7
189.5
3.4
23.4
5.6
16.4
11.2
7.9
48.4
19.8
189.7
3.4
23.5
5.4
16.5
11.3
8.0
48.0
19.7
109.8
2.6
12.5
6.2
8.7
4.6
3.8
43.3
8.1
113.9
2.7
12.5
6.4
8.9
4.9
3.9
42.6
7.9
113.1
2.7
12.5
6.5
8.8
5.3
3.9
42.3
7.9
393.5
11.1
57.1
15.7
36.1
16.8
15.4
142.3
36.8
410.2
11.6
59.7
16.5
36.1
17.2
16.1
146.9
37.5
412.2
11.5
59.7
16.6
36.4
17.1
16.2
147.8
37.8
89.6
8.5
13.5
90.9
8.5
13.7
90.6
8.7
13.0
22.1
1.6
6.0
22.2
1.7
5.7
22.4
1.7
5.7
127.3
9.8
36.3
127.7
10.0
38.4
131.5
10.0
38.7
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
3.4
See footnotes at end of table.
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
19950
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
171.7
2.0
2.1
115.4
6.5
7.3
8.0
4.2
174.5
2.0
2.0
117.8
6.4
7.0
8.2
4.1
174.3
2.0
1.9
118.1
6.4
7.2
8.2
4.0
764.4
13.0
11.4
473.6
42.8
24.6
30.3
34.2
818.5
14.0
12.2
512.8
43.4
26.5
31.6
35.5
826.5
14.1
12.4
519.4
43.8
26.6
31.8
35.7
567.2
12.3
20.6
246.5
38.7
20.2
35.9
20.1
579.8
12.5
22.6
249.3
40.1
20.9
35.1
21.1
580.6
12.5
22.3
251.2
40.0
21.0
35.1
21.0
Hawaii
Honolulu
38.7
31.9
38.1
31.2
38.1
31.2
163.3
119.4
165.2
120.8
164.8
120.6
116.0
94.1
115.7
93.7
115.3
93.2
Idaho
Boise City
24.0
11.4
24.2
11.8
24.4
11.9
101.1
39.6
106.1
41.3
106.0
41.8
94.3
28.0
96.5
28.7
96.6
28.7
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
392.4
12.7
3.3
306.7
7.8
2.4
1.7
8.2
6.9
8.3
395.2
13.5
3.5
310.2
7.9
2.3
1.7
8.4
7.1
8.4
395.3
13.5
3.4
310.4
7.9
2.4
1.7
8.3
7.1
8.4
1,494.9
15.9
19.8
1,097.3
39.6
12.8
10.3
46.5
39.6
29.2
1,535.2
16.3
20.1
1,140.1
40.6
13.2
10.6
46.6
39.5
29.3
1,548.6
16.7
20.3
1,149.2
40.6
13.5
10.5
47.5
40.2
29.6
797.4
14.1
34.9
469.2
25.4
6.0
6.9
17.6
16.4
33.7
804.0
14.4
34.9
473.5
25.3
6.0
7.1
17.9
15.9
33.6
804.0
14.3
34.2
474.7
25.4
6.1
7.0
17.9
16.4
33.7
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
131.0
2.2
2.9
6.2
13.2
9.2
56.9
1.4
3.6
1.8
6.4
2.3
128.2
1.9
2.9
6.3
13.4
9.3
56.3
1.5
3.9
1.8
5.8
2.2
128.7
1.9
2.9
6.4
13.4
9.3
56.4
1.5
3.9
1.8
5.8
2.2
610.7
12.3
17.1
38.7
58.0
60.5
194.7
8.4
15.8
13.6
41.8
15.6
622.3
12.3
18.2
39.2
59.1
59.0
196.3
8.0
17.5
14.1
40.5
15.9
627.7
12.5
18.4
38.8
59.4
58.7
197.1
8.3
17.6
14.5
40.8
16.0
406.0
19.9
6.8
14.2
25.9
35.3
110.7
6.7
24.5
13.1
12.7
11.9
401.5
20.5
7.0
14.3
26.7
35.7
113.3
7.0
22.9
13.1
12.5
12.2
399.5
20.3
6.8
14.2
26.5
35.7
111.9
7.0
23.1
13.0
12.5
12.3
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
75.9
5.5
35.3
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.8
77.7
5.6
36.6
1.6
1.8
2.7
2.8
78.0
5.6
36.4
1.6
1.8
2.7
2.8
326.6
29.2
67.5
15.6
13.1
18.0
16.6
336.0
31.0
70.6
16.1
12.9
18.7
16.7
342.1
31.1
70.9
16.1
13.1
18.8
16.7
230.2
11.1
33.1
3.6
28.0
6.9
12.8
232.1
11.4
33.5
3.7
28.2
6.9
13.1
232.9
11.4
33.2
3.6
28.3
7.0
13.1
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
58.6
1.8
6.4
11.3
57.9
1.8
6.3
11.2
58.4
1.8
6.4
11.2
276.1
8.8
24.9
67.7
283.0
9.2
25.1
68.4
286.3
9.1
25.2
68.7
237.7
13.3
23.8
32.9
243.9
13.4
24.3
34.0
245.6
13.5
24.6
34.0
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
63.8
9.5
28.5
1.9
63.6
9.6
28.5
1.8
63.7
9.5
28.8
1.8
376.3
62.3
141.7
10.8
381.5
64.2
140.6
11.5
387.2
64.5
143.2
11.7
286.1
55.4
68.3
6.2
292.3
55.9
69.2
6.3
293.0
56.2
69.4
6.3
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
79.7
2.2
15.3
2.3
5.7
2.6
4.2
29.9
6.6
81.4
2.1
15.5
2.2
5.7
2.6
4.5
29.8
6.6
81.1
2.1
15.6
2.2
5.6
2.6
4.5
29.8
6.5
435.8
14.8
65.3
11.5
34.5
19.0
15.8
173.6
43.4
470.6
15.4
70.1
11.9
35.3
20.3
15.9
181.7
46.4
474.1
15.4
70.2
12.1
36.1
20.7
15.8
183.6
46.7
353.0
13.4
56.7
12.5
22.4
12.5
12.6
101.7
31.1
361.5
13.8
57.1
12.9
23.0
13.1
12.6
101.6
31.6
362.2
13.8
56.8
13.1
23.1
13.1
12.6
101.8
31.7
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
26.3
1.8
12.3
26.5
1.9
12.1
26.6
1.9
12.1
137.0
11.9
36.0
141.8
12.0
35.8
144.5
12.1
36.0
97.4
4.8
17.5
95.6
4.8
17.1
95.2
4.8
17.1
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
108
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Construction
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
19950
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
2,135.0
1,109.5
411.7
783.0
2,135.3
1,107.9
407.7
789.1
2,159.1
1,120.6
411.0
795.4
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
2,876.1
48.0
1,753.7
84.0
48.6
135.0
102.4
61.5
38.7
237.1
210.7
2,918.3
47.0
1,771.2
86.1
49.3
136.3
101.8
61.0
39.6
239.0
214.8
2,950.8
49.6
1,787.0
87.5
49.8
138.6
103.2
61.8
40.5
242.2
216.8
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,092.0
248.2
68.2
1,934.5
172.7
484.8
56.3
199.0
218.3
166.1
4,196.9
254.6
69.6
1,994.0
180.8
498.5
57.4
201.9
220.4
170.8
4,229.7
254.7
70.6
2,011.1
182.5
504.3
57.9
202.8
222.4
172.8
o
(')
(1)
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,290.0
102.0
1,486.2
67.6
79.3
2,323.0
103.4
1,518.2
66.8
79.4
2,351.3
104.9
1,531.0
67.1
81.5
(2)
(1)
(1)
Mississippi
Jackson
1,046.1
202.7
1,052.6
207.9
1,058.3
209.5
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
2,456.9
833.7
1,218.0
144.8
2,522.6
860.7
1,234.3
151.2
2,552.7
865.7
1,245.3
151.6
Montana
334.5
341.8
344.4
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
787.8
131.6
356.8
804.1
134.2
369.5
809.1
135.2
370.9
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
725.1
500.5
156.3
765.7
532.5
162.5
770.3
535.2
163.6
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
513.6
87.6
81.2
105.1
526.8
87.3
83.7
105.7
528.8
87.7
84.5
107.7
3,522.4
165.4
606.9
441.2
234.3
554.5
336.3
906.9
196.5
56.7
3,554.4
162.3
614.9
443.8
239.5
562.8
339.1
911.7
198.5
57.1
3,585.6
167.6
620.8
448.7
240.1
566.6
346.3
916.5
199.1
57.4
649.0
301.6
47.2
67.9
680.1
319.2
48.8
71.0
685.8
320.8
49.0
71.0
7,762.4
424.8
112.1
7,760.4
428.3
111.9
7,810.5
431.7
112.6
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Apr.
1994
(2)
(2)
122.8
58.8
12.3
51.6
81.3
2.1
46.2
2.7
1.2
4.6
4.0
2.0
1.2
6.0
5.8
1.3
V)
O
2
()
(1)
(1)
()
1
()
V)
V)
7.4
5.0
V)
V)
V)
V)
O
(2)
(1)
7.5
5.0
7.3
5.0
2
()
V)
1
V)
V)
()
(2)
o
5.3
1.4
O
1
()
13.9J
1.4
33.0!
5.6
15.8
13.1
1.6
.7
53.5
40.5
8.7
(1)
(')
12.9
1.6
.7
12.1
1.5
.7
.4
5.4
5.2
1.4
108.0
37.6
59.0
6.6
n
V)
n
O
V)
O
(1)
V)
V)
V)
(')
O
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
()
(')
(1)
o
16.5
3.0
2.3
2.5
(1)
(')
(1)
1.9
V)
V)
O
(1)
(')
.5
.7
(')
(')
.3
15.7
o
(1)
V)
V)
1
o
()
4.7
.4
1
()
73.5
3.3
46.4
1.9
3.0
43.5
9.3
4.9
4.9
V)
V)
V)
(1)
(1)
129.8
6.6
1.7
55.9
4.9
20.1
1.6
6.2
5.7
6.7
n
o
(')
(1)
(1)
o
o
1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
117.7
6.2
20.2
18.1
4.3
17.3
15.1
28.9
4.2
1.7
15.8
40.4
20.8
2.7
3.5
5.3
.5
232.5
13.2
3.4
1
(1)
()
(')
4.7
.3
V)
See footnotes at end of table.
109
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
177.7
105.8
36.3
34.8
177.2
105.3
36.0
35.9
177.6
105.3
36.1
36.1
101.8
54.0
19.9
34.1
103.5
54.9
20.6
34.1
104.1
55.1
20.6
34.5
506.0
256.5
67.1
186.7
504.6
255.6
65.0
188.1
512.4
260.7
66.7
189.6
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
447.4
2.1
225.5
10.7
13.6
34.6
28.2
15.3
7.4
39.8
39.6
447.6
2.1
221.8
11.3
13.8
34.7
27.6
14.4
7.3
40.9
40.6
448.4
2.2
221.5
11.3
13.6
35.0
27.7
14.6
7.3
41.1
40.7
124.8
2.5
79.5
4.7
1.9
4.4
5.8
2.5
1.1
8.4
9.7
125.5
2.7
78.4
5.0
2.0
4.6
5.7
2.5
1.1
9.1
9.6
126.1
2.8
78.9
5.1
2.1
4.6
5.9
2.5
1.1
9.2
9.5
649.3
15.7
381.2
26.8
11.3
32.4
21.3
14.8
9.3
52.7
47.0
662.6
15.2
386.2
27.9
11.2
32.6
21.7
14.6
9.7
53.8
47.4
673.5
16.1
391.1
28.2
11.4
33.0
21.9
14.9
9.9
54.6
48.2
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
937.2
52.0
20.1
433.1
47.5
140.2
12.6
49.2
29.7
40.4
972.9
54.0
21.0
446.2
48.9
147.9
13.1
50.3
30.8
41.3
975.9
53.8
21.2
447.8
49.0
148.7
13.2
50.4
30.9
41.4
155.3
6.1
2.8
84.6
5.0
16.8
3.5
6.3
6.0
6.6
162.5
6.7
2.9
88.3
5.4
16.7
3.5
6.4
5.8
7.1
163.2
6.7
2.9
89.1
5.5
16.8
3.5
6.4
5.9
7.1
951.5
47.8
14.7
456.2
41.3
116.4
13.7
43.0
47.0
41.3
967.2
48.7
14.8
467.3
42.4
117.2
13.8
43.2
47.5
42.5
977.2
48.7
15.1
471.4
42.9
118.9
14.0
43.8
47.8
43.5
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
409.4
8.2
267.0
10.2
14.3
418.9
8.2
274.1
9.9
14.8
419.9
8.2
273.3
9.9
15.2
111.9
6.0
80.0
2.1
2.7
115.4
5.5
84.0
2.1
2.8
115.6
5.9
84.4
2.2
2.9
550.4
26.5
350.4
14.2
23.9
557.3
26.4
356.1
14.1
23.9
566.6
27.0
359.8
14.3
' 24.4
Mississippi
Jackson
258.8
21.5
256.8
22.6
256.9
22.8
47.2
12.7
47.3
13.4
46.8
13.3
216.4
48.7
215.9
48.3
218.6
48.8
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
411.4
106.9
194.6
21.5
422.9
108.8
198.7
22.5
423.1
108.9
199.0
22.4
152.3
65.8
76.5
8.0
156.9
67.3
77.9
9.1
157.4
67.4
78.0
9.2
579.1
202.6
286.7
41.6
599.5
207.3
290.0
44.4
609.9
208.5
292.3
44.6
Montana
22.1
23.2
23.0
20.3
20.2
20.2
90.2
92.1
92.4
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
107.3
16.0
36.8
111.9
17.1
38.2
111.3
17.1
37.9
47.2
7.2
24.6
49.8
7.7
26.0
50.0
7.7
26.1
195.4
28.2
86.7
200.1
28.6
88.8
201.9
28.6
89.2
I
32.9
I
17.3
12.0
34.9
18.8
12.2
35.0
18.9
12.2
36.9
24.5
10.7
39.2
26.1
11.0
39.4
26.2
11.0
141.7
99.3
34.6
149.3
105.0
36.1
150.0
105.8
36.1
100.2
11.5
27.3
18.5
100.7
11.8
26.6
19.2
101.3
11.7
26.6
19.3
18.7
5.4
2.3
3.4
19.7
5.4
2.6
3.6
19.8
5.6
2.5
3.6
130.3
21.6
20.5
26.0
131.8
21.8
21.1
25.3
133.4
21.6
21.4
26.1
508.0
6.9
111.9
57.4
32.0
94.2
21.2
142.1
24.0
13.6
501.9
6.9
108.6
57.5
31.1
92.5
20.9
141.8
24.6
13.7
500.3
7.0
108.9
57.4
31.9
92.8
20.9
140.3
24.6
13.7
239.7
7.4
28.3
20.4
29.5
45.0
18.1
78.3
6.7
2.3
245.6
7.2
28.9
21.2
30.7
45.5
18.5
80.5
6.8
2.4
246.3
7.4
29.1
21.4
30.8
45.6
19.0
79.8
6.8
2.5
815.4
30.9
169.6
117.3
57.2
129.5
89.1
177.4
30.6
10.5
830.9
30.0
173.7
120.1
59.4
134.3
90.1
179.7
30.4
10.4
838.6
32.1
174.3
121.4
59.6
133.9
92.8
181.3
30.4
10.4
43.9
27.6
2.4
2.1
45.7
28.9
2.4
2.2
46.3
29.0
2.5
2.2
28.8
12.4
1.7
1.2
30.9
13.8
1.7
1.2
31.0
13.8
1.7
1.2
152.6
72.4
10.1
14.3
159.6
76.3
10.4
14.8
161.7
76.9
10.6
15.1
952.5
42.8
25.6
943.5
42.0
24.6
944.9
42.0
24.6
397.7
16.0
4.3
391.4
16.3
4.7
393.1
16.4
4.7
1,548.4
85.7
24.3
1.555.6
88.4
24.1
1,566.2
89.6
24.2
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
!
I
I
I
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
See footnotes at end of table.
no
I
I
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
Services
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
134.8
75.0
38.7
51.4
131.7
73.6
37.5
49.3
131.6
73.3
37.5
49.3
664.6
350.8
146.1
252.1
671.8
351.1
146.0
256.4
680.2
354.5
146.8
258.9
426.3
208.5
91.3
172.3
426.5
210.2
90.7
174.5
426.6
211.1
90.8
173.8
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
207.7
3.1
149.4
3.3
1.6
4.8
3.6
2.0
1.9
14.4
16.8
209.9
3.0
151.2
3.2
1.6
5.0
3.6
2.0
1.9
13.7
17.2
210.3
3.2
151.4
3.3
1.6
5.0
3.7
2.0
1.9
13.7
17.2
969.5
15.6
655.7
20.7
11.9
36.1
25.7
15.1
12.8
71.1
59.5
989.7
15.1
671.8
20.9
12.0
37.2
26.1
15.9
13.3
71.6
61.8
1,001.6
16.2
679.0
21.3
12.4
38.0
26.4
15.9
13.7
72.8
62.5
394.8
6.9
215.8
15.1
7.1
18.1
13.8
9.8
4.9
44.6
32.1
400.8
6.9
216.2
15.2
7.5
17.8
13.7
10.0
5.1
43.9
32.5
402.5
6.9
216.6
15.2
7.4
18.2
13.8
10.0
5.1
44.3
32.5
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
195.9
9.5
2.6
110.3
6.2
19.9
1.8
10.5
12.1
6.4
193.4
9.5
2.7
108.6
6.2
20.3
1.9
10.7
12.5
6.2
193.1
9.4
2.7
108.6
6.3
20.6
1.9
10.7
12.6
6.2
1,059.0
55.5
17.2
558.4
42.9
119.6
12.8
48.6
50.0
41.8
1,090.4
56.7
17.6
583.7
47.7
122.3
13.2
49.5
49.9
43.8
1,103.6
57.0
18.0
590.9
48.5
124.6
13.5
49.7
51.0
44.3
654.6
70.6
9.0
235.2
24.8
51.9
10.1
35.2
67.9
22.7
666.5
72.7
9.0
238.1
25.7
53.8
10.3
35.8
68.5
23.2
660.8
72.4
9.0
237.0
25.3
53.2
10.1
35.4
68.3
23.0
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
141.0
3.4
112.3
2.0
2.5
138.5
3.5
109.6
1.9
2.4
139.3
3.4
109.3
1.9
2.4
629.7
27.9
419.8
29.6
19.5
644.9
29.4
429.3
29.6
19.4
653.3
29.6
434.2
29.6
19.8
366.7
21.7
209.8
7.4
13.4
373.6
22.3
218.4
7.5
13.0
375.0
22.4
219.1
7.4
13.3
39.4
14.8
39.1
14.8
38.8
14.8
219.5
52.1
217.0
52.2
219.2
53.1
216.4
43.0
226.1
45.7
225.7
45.4
145.9
63.4
76.5
6.3
145.7
63.5
76.4
6.5
146.0
63.5
76.4
6.6
658.3
228.7
364.7
42.3
678.1
236.6
373.7
43.2
691.8
238.8
376.9
43.3
397.3
128.7
160.0
18.5
404.8
135.5
157.9
18.5
404.7
135.0
160.3
18.0
Montana
15.5
15.8
15.9
89.9
94.0
94.8
77.3
78.2
78.0
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
51.0
8.7
31.7
52.0
8.8
32.1
52.2
8.8
32.1
200.5
32.2
110.7
207.9
32.6
120.2
208.7
32.5
120.6
152.0
33.7
50.5
151.6
35.0
48.5
151.9
35.7
48.6
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
34.2
25.6
7.5
35.0
26.1
7.8
35.3
26.4
7.8
320.8
235.3
61.2
340.1
251.9
63.6
341.9
252.8
64.2
93.0
56.5
20.9
98.3
59.8
22.2
98.4
59.8
22.3
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
29.4
8.4
3.0
6.5
29.2
8.1
3.0
6.1
29.4
8.2
3.0
6.3
139.8
27.3
18.3
25.2
145.5
26.5
19.7
26.4
144.5
26.6
20.3
26.5
78.3
10.4
7.5
23.0
81.0
10.4
7.8
22.5
80.4
10.4
7.9
22.8
231.0
5.9
35.6
23.5
20.9
44.1
18.3
67.6
10.7
3.8
231.2
5.8
35.7
21.8
22.4
43.5
18.4
67.6
10.6
3.9
231.4
5.9
35.9
21.8
22.3
43.4
18.3
67.5
10.7
3.9
1,034.3
79.4
169.5
125.8
50.4
145.4
111.8
269.5
66.0
11.4
1,048.3
78.0
175.3
127.7
51.4
150.0
111.8
270.8
66.8
11.6
1,063.5
79.9
178.0
130.2
51.3
152.1
115.5
273.5
67.1
11.7
574.4
28.7
71.8
78.7
40.0
78.5
62.7
142.4
54.3
13.1
579.0
28.7
73.2
77.2
40.7
79.3
64.3
142.6
55.3
13.2
579.3
29.0
73.8
76.9
40.5
79.5
63.7
143.0
55.2
13.2
29.2
16.0
1.9
2.9
30.8
16.8
2.0
3.0
31.1
16.9
1.9
3.0
173.8
92.1
9.8
19.5
184.4
98.0
10.0
20.5
185.7
98.5
10.0
20.5
164.9
60.3
18.6
24.4
168.6
61.7
19.0
25.3
168.1
61.7
19.0
24.9
734.5
26.2
3.9
726.9
26.3
3.8
726.2
26.4
3.8
2,448.2
127.9
28.8
2,490.4
130.5
29.0
2,513.2
131.2
29.3
1.443.9
112.5
21.9
1,417.9
112.0
22.1
1,416.7
111.7
22.1
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
See footnotes at end of table.
Ill
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995"
New York-Continued
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
527.3
101.4
40.0
46.9
1,066.0
3,793.2
3,305.1
112.8
513.8
98.3
328.0
125.3
371.3
526.0
102.9
40.8
47.5
1,062.3
3,778.6
3,291.4
114.8
507.2
98.7
326.0
125.9
370.0
528.5
103.9
41.1
48.0
1,072.6
3,797.6
3,305.1
116.1
512.7
99.1
332.0
127.4
374.6
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,336.2
99.4
677.6
586.2
537.3
3,415.4
98.6
700.6
601.4
551.1
3,429.3
99.5
701.9
603.2
551.1
291.8
44.9
85.7
46.1
296.7
45.6
88.0
48.0
300.5
46.1
89.6
48.2
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,031.6
298.9
168.5
780.3
1,068.3
746.3
451.9
104.0
74.5
76.8
49.8
302.3
232.6
5,110.2
306.7
172.0
787.4
1,082.9
755.0
458.2
107.1
76.5
79.3
50.8
310.1
236.3
5,155.6
309.5
174.1
794.1
1,090.3
761.7
458.4
107.7
76.6
78.9
51.4
312.2
238.2
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,272.1
23.4
37.2
459.8
338.0
1,294.5
24.4
38.1
469.1
346.2
1,301.7
24.3
38.5
475.1
349.0
34.8
1.0
.1
7.7
9.3
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,344.9
124.6
60.9
792.7
118.6
1,392.5
128.0
61.8
819.9
120.9
1,400.4
128.2
62.4
825.2
122.1
1.5
.2
.1
.8
.2
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,171.7
255.0
56.3
123.4
324.8
84.6
197.1
2,168.9
693.5
1,035.6
154.7
267.0
44.0
63.5
51.8
155.4
5,179.6
258.3
57.8
124.7
328.2
85.0
199.8
2,164.6
688.8
1,029.8
154.8
266.5
44.2
62.8
51.2
158.7
5,221.8
261.6
58.2
125.4
330.2
85.7
202.5
2,175.9
691.7
1,040.2
156.3
269.3
44.7
63.9
51.6
159.4
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
See footnotes at end of table.
112
Apr.
1994
(1)
1
0.3
.8
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
3.5
O
1
17.6
4.0
1.2
1.9
42.5
109.3
88.3
4.0
14.2
3.2
12.6
2.9
16.3
3.7
163.0
5.1
35.4
25.6
25.1
170.4
5.1
37.9
27.2
27.8
174.7
5.2
38.4
27.8
28.5
(1)
O
(1)
3.6
11.2
2.1
4.2
1.8
10.4
2.1
4.0
1.8
11.4
2.3
4.3
2.0
13.8
.4
.6
.7
1.1
.7
.7
.5
.2
.6
193.1
10.9
7.4
36.0
38.2
28.8
16.1
5.3
3.2
2.3
1.9
12.0
8.4
191.0
10.8
7.8
36.9
38.5
28.6
15.7
5.5
3.4
2.4
1.9
12.4
8.3
202.3
11.5
8.4
38.2
41.5
29.5
16.5
5.6
3.6
2.2
2.1
12.7
9.0
33.6
1.3
.1
7.4
8.3
33.3
1.2
.1
7.4
8.4
45.6
.9
1.5
16.5
13.0
47.8
.8
1.7
17.7
13.3
48.6
.8
1.8
18.3
14.0
1.5
.2
.1
.9
.2
1.6
.2
.1
1.0
.2
57.6
5.1
2.5
37.2
5.6
63.4
5.5
2.5
41.0
5.7
64.6
5.6
2.6
41.9
5.8
19.6
193.7
9.4
2.2
3.9
12.6
4.9
10.9
76.5
11.3
48.5
6.1
8.8
1.2
2.1
2.0
7.3
182.8
9.2
2.2
4.0
12.2
4.0
10.6
74.0
10.6
41.9
5.9
7.9
1.2
2.2
1.8
7.5
197.2
9.7
2.3
4.3
12.8
4.6
11.4
78.2
11.7
45.9
6.2
8.8
1.3
2.3
2.0
8.1
O
0.3
O
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(')
3.4
3.5
V)
V)
(1)
0
(1)
.6
.2
.7
20.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
.4
( ) 4.0
.6
.6
.5
.2
.6
19.2
1
0
(1)
(1)
(')
()
14.0
.4
.7
.7
1.2
.6
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
O
V)
V)
1
()
0
O
O
1
n
14.5
.4
.6
.6
.9
.7
.7
(1)
(1)
(1) 0.3
(1) .8
V)
V)
V)
V)
O
V)
0
(1)
()
(')
Apr.
1995P
15.8
3.8
1.1
1.7
40.6
105.3
85.5
3.7
12.9
3.0
11.1
2.6
15.4
()
V)
Mar.
1995
17.2
3.5
1.1
1.7
40.8
107.2
87.1
3.5
14.5
2.9
12.5
2.8
15.6
V)
V)
O
V)
1
()
Apr.
1994
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
O
O
0
Apr.
1995P
0
(1)
V)
(1)
.4
(1)
O
(')
(1)
(1)
(1)
V)
(1)
.4
O
3.8
n 3.8
.5
.6
.5
(1)
(1)
V)
V)
.5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
Dublic utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
New York-Continued
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
88.9
16.2
8.7
9.5
117.7
337.7
280.4
12.4
127.2
13.4
48.3
21.1
42.1
88.9
16.0
9.0
8.9
113.8
334.8
277.9
12.4
125.4
13.3
48.4
20.5
41.9
88.6
16.0
9.0
8.9
113.2
336.3
279.8
12.6
125.0
13.1
48.7
20.5
41.6
25.1
3.9
1.4
1.3
48.6
228.8
201.7
5.6
16.5
5.8
19.1
4.2
20.5
25.0
3.9
1.5
1.3
47.6
224.4
197.7
7.0
16.2
6.0
18.3
4.3
20.0
25.3
4.0
1.5
1.4
48.2
224.6
198.1
7.0
16.2
5.8
18.3
4.2
20.0
128.8
20.0
10.0
10.3
269.4
643.8
536.8
29.1
108.0
21.5
74.9
24.9
81.5
127.1
20.2
10.3
10.5
269.2
643.8
534.6
29.6
107.8
22.2
76.4
27.5
82.8
128.1
20.5
10.4
10.4
272.8
649.4
539.5
30.1
109.5
22.3
77.7
28.0
83.5
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
850.1
20.4
148.7
166.1
78.7
863.7
20.3
151.6
171.5
80.7
863.9
20.2
151.8
171.1
80.2
158.7
5.0
51.4
30.9
23.8
159.1
4.9
52.5
31.5
23.6
159.1
4.9
52.6
31.7
23.3
749.1
23.3
161.0
131.2
109.9
769.0
22.7
166.0
133.3
113.2
773.8
23.1
166.2
133.7
113.4
20.7
2.3
6.5
3.2
21.7
2.4
6.8
3.4
21.8
2.4
6.9
3.4
18.2
3.2
5.0
2.2
19.1
3.2
5.4
2.4
18.9
3.2
5.5
2.3
76.3
11.3
24.9
12.8
76.6
11.3
25.6
13.0
78.6
11.4
26.3
13.2
1,059.5
63.9
44.6
138.8
220.2
91.3
94.9
19.9
20.4
21.9
14.3
57.4
56.0
1,089.6
64.4
47.0
141.5
224.9
92.0
99.4
20.5
20.5
22.8
14.8
59.1
56.4
1,092.5
64.6
47.3
141.8
226.4
92.1
99.2
20.4
20.3
22.8
14.9
59.9
56.7
212.9
11.7
5.5
41.1
43.6
30.5
17.9
3.6
2.8
3.8
3.0
13.9
8.9
223.4
14.6
5.5
43.0
45.0
33.1
19.0
4.2
2.9
3.9
2.9
14.7
9.2
225.6
14.7
5.7
43.3
45.8
33.1
19.1
4.1
2.8
3.9
2.9
14.7
9.2
1,207.9
72.5
41.5
200.0
247.5
194.1
105.4
27.8
17.2
17.8
10.1
74.3
59.7
1,215.7
73.6
41.6
200.7
250.3
196.2
106.8
28.5
17.4
18.0
10.6
75.9
60.5
1,230.3
74.2
41.8
202.1
251.6
197.5
107.2
29.0
17.6
18.1
10.7
76.2
61.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
169.7
1.7
3.9
50.6
53.9
174.8
1.9
4.0
52.7
54.6
174.6
1.9
3.9
53.2
54.8
72.1
2.1
1.8
21.6
26.4
73.1
2.1
1.9
21.5
27.4
73.3
2.2
2.0
21.6
27.5
297.3
6.6
8.6
109.5
79.3
300.9
6.7
8.7
112.3
81.5
304.5
6.6
9.0
114.0
82.6
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
214.8
18.8
8.9
127.6
15.5
219.5
19.3
9.0
131.0
15.3
220.4
19.2
9.0
132.0
15.4
67.2
4.6
2.8
44.4
3.4
69.6
4.8
2.9
47.0
3.6
69.5
4.8
3.0
47.0
3.6
335.1
31.2
17.7
198.1
25.8
346.2
31.4
17.8
203.6
26.6
348.8
31.4
17.9
205.2
27.0
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
934.0
60.3
10.0
34.2
46.8
12.4
55.2
312.8
64.0
128.6
43.3
58.1
10.2
8.6
13.5
46.7
940.3
59.8
10.4
34.7
46.5
13.1
56.4
312.4
63.1
132.4
43.4
57.6
10.5
8.6
13.4
47.7
941.8
60.2
10.3
34.4
46.6
13.2
56.4
310.5
63.0
132.3
43.4
57.8
10.5
8.7
13.5
48.2
268.8
13.3
4.9
4.1
21.3
5.1
6.6
105.0
37.9
64.9
6.4
15.0
1.9
2.0
1.8
8.2
271.7
13.0
4.8
4.0
22.1
4.9
7.5
104.4
37.4
64.5
6.3
14.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
9.0
271.7
13.1
4.9
4.1
21.9
5.0
7.1
104.5
37.5
64.4
6.2
15.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
8.9
1,150.4
52.3
14.9
27.4
70.7
20.0
48.1
472.7
112.6
248.6
36.1
65.2
11.0
11.7
12.1
37.8
1,150.6
53.8
15.5
27.5
72.1
19.9
48.2
476.4
114.3
247.4
36.1
65.1
10.8
11.9
11.9
38.2
1,162.6
54.8
15.8
28.2
73.1
20.1
49.0
479.2
115.3
250.0
36.7
65.7
10.9
12.0
11.9
38.0
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
I
!
See footnotes at end of table.
113
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995^
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
New York-Continued
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
28.7
4.4
1.4
1.9
81.8
510.6
477.7
5.8
24.0
5.3
19.2
8.0
26.6
28.5
4.3
1.3
1.9
81.3
507.8
475.5
5.2
23.1
5.3
19.2
8.2
26.0
28.5
4.4
1.4
1.9
81.7
506.7
474.4
5.2
22.8
5.3
19.3
8.3
26.0
150.9
30.5
10.2
12.4
325.8
1,305.7
1,144.8
29.2
143.6
28.7
93.1
32.6
126.7
150.7
32.0
10.3
12.9
327.2
1,330.0
1,170.2
29.8
142.3
28.7
91.5
32.4
125.5
151.1
32.2
10.2
13.0
331.1
1,338.2
1,174.8
30.1
145.0
29.1
94.2
33.0
128.7
87.8
22.9
7.2
9.8
182.0
659.4
576.4
27.0
79.2
20.6
60.8
31.7
58.3
89.9
22.8
7.4
10.2
182.6
632.6
549.7
27.0
78.7
20.3
61.2
30.5
58.5
89.3
22.8
7.4
10.3
183.2
633.1
549.9
27.3
79.1
20.3
61.3
30.5
58.6
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
141.7
3.2
43.4
29.4
25.2
145.1
3.2
45.0
29.3
26.1
146.4
3.2
45.0
29.4
26.4
724.1
27.6
158.6
137.7
160.4
737.5
27.4
162.9
140.8
158.8
740.9
27.8
163.2
141.1
159.4
546.0
14.8
79.1
65.3
114.2
566.9
15.0
84.7
67.8
120.9
566.8
15.1
84.7
68.4
119.9
13.8
2.1
5.3
1.6
14.1
2.2
5.6
1.7
14.1
2.1
5.6
1.7
79.7
14.0
25.0
11.7
82.7
14.5
25.8
12.3
83.4
14.8
26.2
12.5
68.4
9.9
14.8
12.8
68.7
9.9
14.8
13.4
68.7
9.9
14.8
13.1
268.5
12.2
6.7
47.9
68.1
62.5
17.5
4.4
2.0
3.1
1.6
11.6
9.7
270.1
12.2
6.5
48.9
68.7
62.5
17.0
4.2
2.0
3.1
1.6
11.6
9.4
271.0
12.0
6.5
48.6
68.9
62.7
17.0
4.2
1.9
3.1
1.6
11.5
9.4
1,320.7
80.3
43.2
213.3
306.7
203.5
124.6
23.4
18.9
17.7
12.1
85.6
58.9
1,343.9
82.1
43.9
211.9
311.0
205.8
124.9
24.2
20.1
18.7
12.2
87.7
59.6
1,360.8
83.7
44.8
216.2
313.1
208.8
125.1
24.4
20.2
18.5
12.4
88.7
60.2
754.5
47.0
19.0
102.6
143.1
134.9
74.8
19.6
10.0
10.2
6.2
47.3
30.3
762.5
48.6
19.0
103.8
143.3
136.2
74.7
20.0
10.2
10.4
6.3
48.5
32.3
759.3
48.4
19.0
103.2
141.9
137.3
73.6
20.0
10.2
10.3
6.3
48.3
32.0
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
63.8
1.0
1.7
26.3
19.5
63.9
1.1
1.7
26.1
19.2
64.1
1.1
1.7
26.5
19.5
314.6
6.0
7.7
123.4
95.4
325.7
6.3
8.2
126.5
99.7
329.8
6.3
8.2
129.4
100.2
274.2
4.1
11.9
104.2
41.2
274.7
4.2
11.8
104.9
42.2
273.5
4.2
11.8
104.7
42.0
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
88.8
6.2
3.0
62.1
6.8
88.5
6.4
2.9
62.8
7.0
89.4
6.5
3.0
63.2
7.0
342.2
33.7
15.6
212.5
27.6
359.5
35.2
15.9
221.0
28.4
362.3
35.5
16.2
221.9
28.8
237.7
24.8
10.3
110.0
33.7
244.3
25.2
10.7
112.6
34.1
243.8
25.0
10.6
113.0
34.3
308.6
13.9
1.8
5.7
22.2
4.1
9.0
158.4
58.0
61.9
9.2
13.0
1.5
1.9
2.3
5.0
310.3
14.3
1.9
5.6
22.6
4.3
9.2
154.7
56.8
63.4
9.1
14.0
1.5
2.0
2.3
5.1
310.5
14.3
1.9
5.6
22.7
4.3
9.2
153.9
57.0
63.5
9.0
13.9
1.5
1.9
2.3
5.2
1,564.2
76.4
14.4
33.3
80.4
24.5
48.1
732.5
276.1
351.9
35.2
71.7
12.7
11.8
13.3
34.2
1,570.9
77.9
14.8
34.0
82.2
25.0
48.6
734.2
275.5
350.3
35.3
72.0
12.6
11.4
13.2
35.6
1,585.1
79.2
14.8
34.0
82.6
24.7
50.0
741.0
276.5
353.9
36.2
73.4
12.8
11.7
13.3
35.4
731.4
29.4
8.1
14.8
70.8
13.6
18.8
311.0
133.6
127.2
18.4
34.6
5.5
25.4
6.8
15.6
733.8
30.3
8.2
14.9
70.5
13.8
18.9
308.5
131.1
126.1
18.7
34.5
5.6
24.7
6.7
15.1
733.3
30.3
8.2
14.8
70.5
13.8
19.0
308.6
130.7
126.4
18.6
34.1
5.6
25.3
6.7
15.1
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
See footnotes at end of table.
114
j
j
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction
Mining
Total
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
431.1
480.3
428.3
476.2
431.5
478.6
1,603.1
208.7
257.1
427.5
1,621.5
206.4
258.5
438.6
1,632.0
207.5
260.1
440.8
327.8
43.2
91.1
335.8
44.5
93.9
339.0
45.2
94.8
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,399.8
214.4
186.5
302.4
504.7
564.1
2,462.6
215.9
186.8
301.8
510.8
588.3
2,484.1
216.9
187.4
303.8
512.6
591.7
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
7,693.5
50.6
86.1
479.9
147.9
72.8
90.1
63.6
143.0
1,514.2
228.2
629.0
83.9
1,696.9
86.3
55.9
80.4
102.9
117.9
93.3
39.7
593.5
38.9
48.2
68.6
32.7
88.5
54.2
7,931.3
51.2
88.9
505.4
148.6
70.5
92.3
65.2
144.8
1,572.0
235.1
642.9
83.7
1,739.0
90.0
55.7
82.3
104.9
121.0
95.1
40.7
605.0
39.3
48.6
70.6
32.7
91.8
55.4
7,978.5
51.4
89.2
510.0
149.2
70.5
92.8
65.7
145.1
1,579.5
236.6
649.0
84.4
1,748.6
91.3
55.5
82.8
105.5
120.6
95.7
40.7
612.3
39.8
48.5
70.9
32.7
92.3
55.5
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
847.3
115.2
570.6
886.6
122.2
598.3
895.0
122.9
602.9
(1) 3.1
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
259.1
29.1
90.0
268.9
30.1
92.3
265.1
29.3
92.6
V)
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
2,982.0
35.0
74.6
43.0
94.3
612.4
887.2
489.2
132.6
3,043.1
36.0
75.8
43.1
96.6
622.7
916.7
505.6
136.8
3,072.7
36.0
77.6
43.4
96.7
628.9
923.8
510.0
138.1
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,281.5
1,144.0
174.2
209.2
2,332.7
1,165.6
175.7
219.3
2,353.9
1,171.7
177.9
220.8
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
,
I
(1)
(1)
(1)
(')
84.1
12.0
12.3
28.0
84.1
12.0
12.4
28.3
2.4
13.2
2.7
4.5
12.0
2.5
4.2
13.4
2.9
4.7
4.9
99.9
7.8
8.6
14.0
19.4
25.1
102.8
8.1
8.6
14.1
19.5
27.3
106.2
8.3
9.0
14.2
20.1
28.1
374.4
1.9
4.1
20.9
11.8
10.6
2.7
2.7
9.9
57.9
9.1
25.0
4.4
113.5
3.8
2.0
3.4
3.6
5.3
4.6
1.6
28.0
1.5
2.2
2.2
1.9
4.0
2.0
401.3
2.1
4.2
24.2
12.2
8.5
2.7
2.5
10.2
61.8
10.0
26.2
4.4
119.7
4.4
1.9
3.5
3.9
5.4
4.8
1.8
29.8
1.6
2.1
2.2
1.8
4.3
2.1
398.2
2.1
4.4
25.3
12.1
8.3
2.8
2.7
9.8
63.1
10.1
26.6
4.4
119.9
4.6
2.0
3.6
4.0
5.5
4.7
1.7
30.6
1.6
2.1
2.2
1.8
4.3
2.1
45.0
6.5
30.0
48.7
7.0
33.8
51.9
7.3
35.2
.6
9.9
1.0
3.7
10.4
1.2
4.5
10.7
1.3
4.4
11.2
160.2
1.2
4.0
2.0
4.9
33.4
48.5
27.5
7.6
163.0
1.2
4.1
2.0
5.3
34.7
49.2
28.3
7.3
169.2
1.3
4.2
2.1
5.6
35.4
51.5
29.1
7.7
119.5
55.9
10.2
11.9
117.8
55.6
9.4
11.0
121.3
57.5
10.1
10.8
(1)
4.8
O
O
163.1
1.2
.7
.9
.9
1.2
83.8
11.6
12.4
26.8
O
(')
(')
.5
1.9
2.4
2.3
4.6
(')
(1)
V)
11.7
12.1
(1)
O
(1)
O
11.0
11.0
O
O
V)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
(1)
.5
V)
1
()
157.0
1.3
.8
.9
.8
1.1
155.6
1.3
.8
.9
.8
1.1
(1)
O
V)
V)
V)
(1) 4.3
0
1
.6
2.7
14.6
4.4
.6
66.7
1
( ) 2.7
3.4
.2
1.0
12.6
.6
1.9
O
.1
1.3
1.2
(1) 1.4
8.0
.6
2.7
13.6
4.3
.6
65.1
2A
3.5
.2
1.0
12.8
.6
1.8
(1)
.1
1.3
1.4
V)
1.4
.5
.6
V)
V)
1
()
12.4
V)
V)
0
(1)
(1)
.5
.7
11.2
V)
V)
C)
V)
V)
.2
.6
65.7
( ) 2.5
3.4
.2
1.0
12.8
.6
1.8
(1)
O
.1
1.3
1.3
(1) 1.4
8.0
» 0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
o
3.2
.5
.7
0
3.4
.7
3.3
.7
(1)
.5
.7
0
(')
.6
2.7
13.6
8.0
(1) 3.2
.2
Apr.
1995*
12.5
13.5
1.9
1.8
O
Mar.
1995
0.2
.2
0.2
.2
0.2
.2
Apr.
1994
Apr.
1995P
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1994
3.5
.7
V)
.1
See footnotes at end of table.
115
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995"
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
87.7
109.3
85.6
108.4
85.2
108.0
14.8
16.9
14.2
16.3
14.2
16.3
92.4
107.0
94.1
103.8
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
374.6
19.3
26.6
126.3
374.3
19.7
27.1
124.5
374.4
19.6
27.0
124.9
67.6
11.0
11.6
16.8
71.3
11.2
12.0
18.3
71.0
11.2
12.0
18.4
363.2
51.3
57.1
100.9
368.6
51.0
57.5
103.4
42.4
4.3
11.8
45.6
4.5
12.4
46.0
4.6
12.4
15.5
2.0
5.9
15.9
2.0
6.1
15.9
2.0
6.0
83.0
12.8
24.5
84.9
13.4
25.1
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
536.2
46.0
52.9
50.4
65.3
97.9
539.4
45.2
53.3
51.4
65.1
101.0
537.7
45.4
53.2
50.7
65.2
100.8
125.3
7.8
7.2
11.8
50.3
32.1
136.4
7.8
7.2
12.2
52.1
34.2
136.6
7.8
6.9
12.2
52.1
34.2
551.5
51.4
41.7
77.2
129.7
134.4
575.6
52.7
41.9
76.1
131.6
142.2
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
997.6
3.6
9.1
61.7
24.7
16.7
13.1
3.8
13.7
224.7
46.3
102.3
8.3
180.3
9.5
1.6
17.1
7.5
12.5
6.5
5.1
47.9
10.0
5.7
12.1
3.2
16.0
7.7
1,022.6
3.3
9.6
65.4
24.3
16.6
13.5
3.9
13.7
229.2
47.9
105.4
8.0
186.4
9.9
1.6
17.7
7.9
13.3
6.1
5.4
49.6
10.1
5.7
13.0
3.1
17.0
7.9
1,024.1
3.4
9.5
65.7
24.4
16.6
13.7
4.0
13.8
229.3
48.3
105.8
8.1
187.2
10.0
1.6
17.7
7.9
12.9
6.2
5.4
49.7
10.2
5.6
13.0
3.1
17.0
7.8
449.9
2.6
5.6
14.5
8.8
2.6
3.9
1.3
6.6
92.2
11.8
57.9
5.0
115.7
2.6
9.2
3.8
5.6
4.3
4.2
2.6
27.2
1.6
2.0
3.2
1.5
3.5
2.6
470.4
2.4
5.8
15.2
9.1
2.7
3.9
1.3
6.7
100.9
12.2
59.4
5.0
119.8
2.8
9.0
3.9
5.5
4.2
4.2
2.4
28.6
1.7
2.2
3.1
1.5
3.6
2.7
470.2
2.4
5.7
15.2
9.0
2.7
4.0
1.3
6.7
101.2
12.3
59.6
5.0
120.0
2.8
8.8
3.9
5.5
4.2
4.2
2.4
28.7
1.7
2.2
3.1
1.5
3.7
2.7
1,853.8
13.2
24.0
99.6
33.9
14.2
23.7
13.6
34.3
380.8
55.5
160.5
17.8
394.3
19.8
16.7
20.1
29.3
35.2
24.2
9.5
146.2
8.7
11.8
17.5
9.5
19.8
12.6
1,909.5
13.5
24.5
105.3
34.1
13.5
23.7
13.6
34.6
397.1
56.3
164.1
17.9
408.5
21.0
16.0
20.4
30.1
35.7
25.2
9.7
147.1
8.9
12.5
17.4
8.9
20.8
12.9
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
113.9
15.2
71.9
120.6
17.3
75.7
120.4
17.2
75.9
47.8
2.1
37.3
51.1
2.2
38.9
50.3
2.2
39.0
200.2
25.0
137.5
209.2
26.4
144.0
43.6
3.5
16.0
44.4
3.5
16.2
44.4
3.4
16.3
11.3
.9
4.1
11.4
.9
4.1
11.4
.9
4.1
60.4
6.3
21.3
63.0
6.5
21.4
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
402.3
9.9
7.8
15.5
25.9
66.3
40.2
60.9
19.2
402.0
10.7
8.1
15.1
26.5
66.2
39.9
61.7
19.7
402.6
10.5
8.2
15.1
26.3
66.6
39.9
61.8
19.8
148.4
1.2
2.3
1.2
3.4
29.4
51.8
24.7
8.7
155.8
1.2
2.2
1.3
3.5
30.2
53.1
25.7
9.0
156.8
1.2
2.2
1.3
3.5
30.6
53.0
25.8
9.0
663.1
8.9
14.5
8.8
20.5
143.4
197.1
113.1
33.9
681.2
9.1
14.9
8.6
20.9
145.3
205.3
120.6
35.6
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
334.4
194.4
21.1
21.3
337.3
193.2
21.5
23.0
340.1
191.9
21.9
22.6
113.5
68.2
8.4
9.6
116.4
69.1
8.4
9.7
117.7
69.9
8.5
9.9
550.8
271.7
43.7
52.7
567.7
281.4
44.6
55.7
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
See footnotes at end of table.
116
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Governmen
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
25.7
27.9
25.1
27.5
25.2
27.8
135.9
141.7
135.7
144.6
137.1
145.5
61.9
63.8
62.4
64.4
62.4
64.3
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
67.9
8.3
18.9
14.7
68.5
8.4
19.0
15.3
69.0
8.4
19.1
15.3
343.8
52.4
58.2
87.2
349.7
53.0
58.7
92.4
355.0
53.5
59.6
93.3
300.4
54.8
72.3
54.8
303.1
51.1
71.9
56.7
303.2
50.9
72.1
56.4
18.0
1.6
8.9
18.8
1.7
9.4
18.9
1.7
9.4
84.8
12.2
25.9
87.9
12.7
27.1
87.9
12.8
27.4
68.6
7.6
9.6
68.3
7.7
9.6
68.7
7.6
9.6
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
107.2
13.8
5.5
11.3
26.5
32.6
109.4
14.2
5.6
11.8
26.3
33.8
109.8
14.1
5.5
11.7
26.4
33.7
599.1
52.4
40.4
81.0
134.1
165.7
616.3
53.0
40.3
78.5
136.7
171.6
628.3
53.9
40.8
80.1
136.9
173.6
376.0
35.2
30.2
56.2
79.4
76.3
377.9
34.9
29.9
57.2
79.5
78.2
378.7
34.7
30.1
57.5
79.4
77.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
440.0
1.9
4.4
27.3
4.6
1.8
3.6
2.5
6.4
131.2
8.4
29.8
5.4
99.6
445.2
1.9
4.5
29.2
4.7
1.9
3.6
2.6
6.3
131.8
8.7
30.2
5.3
99.4
3.8
2.1
2.9
4.7
4.3
3.6
1.6
42.5
2.0
1.8
3.4
1.7
5.5
2.2
1,989.5
16.5
20.6
127.2
39.0
12.3
22.2
12.6
38.6
423.7
47.1
162.4
17.2
487.2
21.7
9.6
18.3
28.3
22.8
20.4
10.5
172.0
9.8
12.8
18.1
7.7
24.7
14.5
2,065.3
17.1
21.2
133.5
38.3
12.4
22.8
12.9
39.2
444.9
49.6
166.1
16.8
497.9
22.3
9.7
18.7
28.9
23.6
20.8
10.7
174.9
9.8
12.9
19.3
8.2
25.6
14.6
2,088.8
17.2
21.3
135.6
38.6
12.5
22.8
13.0
39.2
448.9
50.3
168.5
17.1
503.2
22.5
9.7
19.2
29.1
23.5
21.0
10.7
178.8
9.9
12.9
19.4
8.2
25.7
14.7
1,425.2
9.7
17.6
127.8
24.2
13.4
20.9
26.5
30.8
189.1
50.0
86.7
25.2
239.6
25.3
12.1
11.4
23.8
32.7
17.2
8.1
129.0
5.2
11.7
10.9
6.1
15.2
11.2
1,461.0
9.6
18.3
132.0
25.2
13.8
22.1
27.8
31.4
192.3
50.4
87.3
25.7
242.4
25.8
13.0
11.7
23.7
33.5
17.6
8.5
130.7
5.2
11.3
10.9
6.1
15.1
11.6
1,463.2
9.6
18.4
132.4
25.1
13.8
22.1
27.8
31.7
192.4
50.1
87.4
25.6
242.3
25.9
13.0
11.6
23.8
33.5
17.6
8.5
130.9
5.3
11.4
10.9
6.1
15.2
11.6
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
!
I
3.6
j
2.0
2.9
4.6
4.1
3.6
1.7
41.3
2.1
1.9
3.3
1.6
5.3
2.2
444.2
1.9
4.5
28.9
4.6
1.9
3.6
2.6
6.3
132.2
8.7
30.1
5.3
99.2
3.8
2.1
2.9
4.7
4.3
3.6
1.6
42.5
2.0
1.8
3.4
1.7
5.4
2.2
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
46.0
3.4
38.0
47.2
3.3
38.1
47.4
3.3
38.0
221.6
45.9
145.4
235.9
48.0
156.7
237.5
48.2
157.3
164.8
17.1
107.4
165.9
18.0
107.9
167.6
18.0
109.2
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.1
2.6
4.5
12.2
2.6
4.6
12.2
2.6
4.5
74.8
7.7
25.2
79.7
8.3
25.9
76.0
7.7
26.2
46.5
7.1
15.2
47.2
7.1
15.6
47.2
7.0
15.7
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
162.8
1.2
3.9
1.3
4.2
27.9
56.5
41.5
8.4
165.5
1.2
3.8
1.4
4.4
28.2
56.0
44.4
8.9
166.9
1.2
3.9
1.4
4.4
28.7
55.9
44.5
8.8
820.0
6.9
17.6
8.2
23.0
171.1
315.5
118.4
37.8
852.1
7.0
18.8
8.7
23.6
178.7
333.5
121.8
39.2
865.3
7.0
19.2
8.8
23.7
181.1
337.3
124.9
39.8
612.8
5.7
24.5
6.0
12.4
140.9
177.1
102.4
17.0
612.3
5.6
23.9
6.0
12.4
139.4
179.2
102.4
17.1
609.8
5.6
24.9
6.0
12.1
138.3
177.7
101.7
17.1
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
125.4
77.0
10.2
8.2
122.2
72.9
10.1
11.5
122.4
73.0
10.1
11.7
592.8
306.0
50.4
58.5
616.5
318.0
51.0
59.6
621.9
318.4
51.5
60.5
441.8
170.1
30.2
46.8
451.4
174.7
30.7
48.6
451.7
176.1
30.7
48.6
See footnotes at end of table.
117
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
Apr.
1994
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Mar.
1995
Apr.
19950
Apr.
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
667.4
121.5
116.2
65.2
61.4
674.8
122.3
117.0
65.6
61.8
683.5
123.6
117.7
66.3
62.4
27.5
1.7
1.7
.4
1.4
27.5
1.8
1.6
.4
1.5
27.1
1.7
1.6
.4
15
34.3
7.1
6.9
3.5
2.3
2,450.7
175.9
63.4
119.4
63.6
46.0
64.3
246.5
779.8
76.9
55.4
57.6
2,490.9
180.8
63.6
121.9
65.7
47.1
65.1
251.2
793.7
76.3
56.0
58.1
2,521.4
182.2
64.7
122.9
66.6
46.8
65.8
252.5
800.1
77.2
56.5
58.4
2.4
2.2
2.5
92.4
8.8
2.1
5.7
2.4
1.8
2.3
10.1
27.3
2.6
2.1
2.0
Wyoming
Casper
210.1
28.3
211.3
28.7
214.4
28.8
17.1
2.0
16.9
1.8
17.0
1.8
12.9
1.5
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
884.0
58.2
65.7
69.8
555.0
893.9
58.1
67.3
70.2
55.9
891.0
57.5
66.9
70.5
558.4
(1)
(1)
V)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
44.8
42.8
42.2
(1)
O
(1)
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table
118
O
V)
45.6
1.8
3.1
3.9
33.0
2.0
Mar.
1995
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Apr.
1994
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
81.4
10.1
17.8
12.6
6.5
82.5
9.9
18.2
12.9
6.4
83.0
9.8
18.2
13.1
6.4
39.4
9.0
6.8
2.7
3.3
40.5
9.3
6.9
2.6
3.5
40.7
9.2
7.0
2.6
3.5
151.5
30.3
28.8
16.3
15.4
153.8
30.5
29.5
16.1
15.3
155.9
30.7
29.8
16.4
15.4
571.7
56.9
10.4
25.8
18.4
10.4
11.7
27.6
169.7
24.3
23.6
16.2
590.4
58.6
9.9
25.8
19.7
10.6
12.2
29.0
176.9
24.9
24.4
16.0
592.3
58.8
10.1
26.0
19.7
10.4
12.1
29.1
177.9
24.8
24.5
16.1
111.5
6.5
3.4
8.4
2.4
1.6
2.7
7.9
36.5
2.5
1.9
3.5
117.9
7.0
3.3
8.1
2.6
1.9
2.8
7.6
38.9
2.5
1.9
3.4
118.4
6.6
3.3
8.1
2.5
1.8
2.7
7.6
39.0
2.4
1.9
3.3
555.9
36.7
17.1
28.1
15.0
12.5
17.4
53.4
170.2
16.5
9.7
13.6
564.4
37.5
17.2
29.3
15.0
12.8
17.3
55.1
169.7
16.1
9.4
14.1
572.8
38.1
17.3
29.2
15.3
12.6
17.6
55.3
171.3
16.4
9.6
14.1
9.4
1.5
10.0
1.7
9.9
1.7
13.5
1.6
13.8
1.6
13.7
1.6
47.7
8.1
48.5
8.0
49.1
8.0
150.2
14.7
18.5
12.1
68.6
153.5
14.6
19.5
11.5
70.2
153.2
14.7
19.2
11.7
70.8
23.2
.7
.7
2.0
18.5
23.5
.7
.8
2.0
18.0
23.4
.6
.7
2.0
18.0
172.7
12.5
10.5
12.7
114.1
172.7
13.0
10.4
12.4
113.9
171.5
12.9
10.3
12.2
113.2
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.4
2.3
10.8
10.3
10.3
See footnotes at end of table.
119
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Apr.
1994
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
1
2
p
Combined with construction.
Not available.
= preliminary.
120
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995^
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
25.6
6.5
3.8
2.4
3.0
25.9
6.5
3.8
2.5
3.0
25.8
6.5
3.8
2.4
3.0
172.9
34.9
29.2
16.6
19.6
176.3
35.7
29.7
16.9
20.5
177.7
35.9
30.0
16.8
20.6
134.8
21.9
21.2
10.7
9.9
137.1
22.5
21.5
10.8
9.8
133.5
8.8
2.2
7.7
1.9
1.6
2.4
20.7
54.6
2.3
2.2
4.3
135.5
9.2
2.2
8.7
2.0
1.6
2.8
20.4
57.2
2.1
2.2
4.5
136.0
9.2
2.2
8.8
2.0
1.6
2.8
20.6
57.8
2.1
2.2
4.5
607.4
38.2
15.8
30.4
15.3
10.7
18.0
57.6
231.1
19.5
10.0
10.9
622.7
39.8
16.9
31.2
15.6
11.2
17.9
58.4
234.3
19.1
10.0
11.1
629.0
40.0
17.0
31.2
15.9
11.2
18.0
58.2
235.9
19.5
10.1
11.1
375.9
20.0
12.3
13.3
8.3
7.2
9.7
69.2
90.3
9.3
5.9
6.9
371.6
20.6
11.9
13.2
8.3
7.3
10.0
70.3
89.7
9.3
6.0
7.0
7.8
1.1
7.8
1.1
7.9
1.1
42.3
7.1
42.8
7.6
43.4
7.6
59.4
5.4
59.7
5.6
41.3
1.6
1.6
2.0
33.0
40.5
1.5
1.5
2.0
32.9
40.3
1.6
1.5
2.1
32.7
159.3
10.7
11.2
13.6
109.1
162.0
10.2
11.4
13.9
110.3
160.8
10.1
11.3
13.9
109.2
290.7
16.2
20.1
23.5
178.2
293.3
16.4
20.3
24.1
180.4
2.2
1.9
1.9
10.5
10.5
10.4
13.7
13.2
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1994 benchmarks.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average overtime hours
May
1995p
Total private
34.7
34.5
34.3
34.3
41.4
41.2
41.0
39.9
44.5
44.0
44.2
Mar.
1995
40.8
44.7
Apr.
1994
34.3
Goods-producing
Avg.
1994
44.3
Mining
Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .
10
101
102
43.5
44.5
45.3
43.5
45.1
45.3
43.5
43.1
45.1
44.4
43.2
47.1
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .
12
122
45.2
45.2
45.3
45.5
44.8
44.8
43.9
44.0
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas .
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
44.2
42.3
45.3
43.7
43.2
44.0
43.1
40.6
44.7
43.8
43.1
44.2
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
14
142
46.6
47.5
46.4
47.5
45.7
46.6
45.7
46.8
38.9
38.4
38.1
37.7
37.8 !
37.5
38.7
38.1
37.9
36.6
38.5
39.2
37.5
36.5
39.2
38.3
Construction
38.5
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .
15
152
153
154
38.1
37.3
38.7
38.9
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .
16
161
162
42.6
43.7
42.1
41.8
41.4
42.0
41.2
40.0
41.6
40.7
40.3
40.8
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work ..
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
38.2
39.5
36.9
39.7
35.7
35.7 |
34.9 |
37.7
39.2
36.6
39.5
35.2
35.0
33.5
37.5
38.8
35.8
39.4
35.4
35.6
33.6
37.0
38.5
36.3
38.7
34.7
35.2
32.5
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
42.0 !
42.8 j
41.2 !
40.2 I
42.5 j
43.1
40.7
41.1
40.3
40.9 j
41.9
43.6
39.6
41.2
41.5
40.7
42.0
42.9
41.3
40.4
42.4
42.7
41.3
41.1
40.1
41.8
41.6
42.4
39.5
42.0
42.4
40.6
41.7
42.6
40.4
40.7
41.7
42.3
39.7
40.2
38.9
40.4
42.6
44.2
39.2
38.7
39.0
39.6
40.4
41.0
40.2
40.6
41.1
41.8
38.6
40.1
39.2
39.3
41.2
44.7
38.2
38.9
39.0
39.9
41.5
42.3
40.7
4.7
5.0
4.5
5.9
5.1
5.5
3.7
4.1
3.2
4.3
4.6
5.7
3.6
4.2
4.3
3.4
4.5
4.9
4.5
6.4
5.1
5.4
3.8
4.2
3.0
5.1
4.5
5.3
3.7
4.4
4.6
3.1
4.4
4.9
4.0
6.6
4.7
5.2
3.0
3.5
2.4
3.6
4.9
5.9
3.4
2.7
2.8
3.1
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
40.4
39.5
39.9
38.5
41.4
39.4
41.8
42.2
42.1
40.3
40.1
39.4
40.3
37.9
41.4
39.0
40.9
41.6
41.4
40.5
39.4
38.7
39.2
37.8
40.5
37.7
40.2
41.6
40.5
38.8
37.7
36.8
37.1
36.5
38.4
36.5
37.5
39.2
39.8
38.7
38.6
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.3
4.6
3.4
3.9
4.5
4.9
3.1
3.1
2.8
2.9
2.1
4.3
2.8
3.1
4.2
4.1
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.2
1.8
3.9
2.5
2.8
3.6
3.5
2.3
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ...
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
See footnotes at end of table.
122
|
|
|
i
!
i
!
i
|
!
I
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$11.13 $11.07 $11.36 $11.41 $11.39 $386.21 $381.92 $389.65| $391.36
j
12.93
12.71
12.61
12.86
12.95 526.19 519.53 527.26J 515.91
Total private
Goods-producing
14.89
Mining
14.96
15.24
15.29
15.24
665.58
665.72
670.56!
675.82
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
16.09
17.88
14.31
15.82
17.28
14.39
16.64
18.58
14.64
16.98
19.68
14.98
699.92
795.66
648.24
688.17
779.33
651.87
723.84
800.80
660.26
753.91
850.18
705.56
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
17.75
17.96
17.65
17.85
18.38
18.61
18.29
18.53
802.30
811.79
799.55; 823.42
812.18! 833.73
802.93
815.32
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
14.13
18.00
11.92
14.38
17.91
12.26
14.39
18.57
11.98
14.52
18.93
11.80
624.55
761.40
539.98
628.41
773.71
539.44
620.21
753.94
535.51
635.98
815.88
521.56
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
13.12
12.47
13.02
12.35
13.20
12.29
13.26
12.37
611.39
592.33
604.13
586.63
603.24 605.98
572.711 578.92
14.72
14.52
14.84
14.88
572.61
557.57
565.401 560.98
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
14.98
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
15
152
153
154
13.95
12.87
13.56
14.98
13.87
12.95
13.55
14.77
14.08
13.09
13.76
14.97
14.14
13.11
14.04
15.07
531.50
480.05
524.77
582.72
524.29
485.63
524.39
562.74
533.63
479.09
529.76
586.82
530.25
478.52
550.37
577.18
16
161
162
14.44
14.41
14.45
14.10
13.77
14.23
14.25
13.79
14.39
14.35
14.19
14.42
615.14
629.72
608.35
589.38
570.08
597.66
587.10
551.60;
598.62!
584.05
571.86
588.34
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
15.07
15.34
13.85
16.28
15.01
14.92
13.19
14.86
15.19
13.67
16.04
14.86
14.77
13.05
15.25
15.69
13.91
16.46
15.04
14.76
13.06
15.28
15.63
13.96
16.57
15.09
14.85
13.15
575.67
605.93
511.07
646.32
535.86
532.64
460.33
560.22
595.45
500.32
633.58
523.07
516.95
437.18
571.88
608.77
497.98
648.52
532.42
525.46
438.82
565.36
601.76
506.75
641.26
523.62
522.72
427.38
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
12.06
12.67
9.84
11.46
10.05
10.41
8.61
9.90|
10.13
9.30
8.61
11.82
7.38
9.73
9.79
9.20
12.01
12.61
9.75
11.39
9.95
10.32
8.49
9.82
9.98
9.38
8.54
11.67
7.28
9.68
9.74
9.10
12.25
12.83
9.95
11.55
10.15
10.53
8.68
9.99
10.14
9.41
8.77
11.95
7.57
9.90
9.99
9.39
12.29
12.80
9.98
11.55
10.20
10.57
8.73
10.02
10.15
9.42
8.81
12.05
7.58
9.91
10.06
9.45
12.27
12.80
10.03
506.52
542.28
405.41
460.69
427.13
448.67
350.43
406.89
408.24
380.37
360.76
515.35
292.25
400.88
406.29
374.44
504.42
540.97
402.68
460.16
421.88
440.66
350.64
403.60
400.20
392.08
355.26
494.81
287.56
406.56
412.98
369.46
510.83
546.56
401.98
470.09
423.26
445.42
344.60
401.60
394.45
380.16
373.60
528.19
296.74
383.13
389.61
371.84
496.52
524.80
401.20
468.93
419.22
441.83
336.98
401.80
397.88
370.21
362.97
538.64
289.56
385.50
392.34
377.06
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
9.55
9.01
8.48
9.80
8.75
9.47
10.34
9.78
10.77
9.73
9.45
8.95
8.45
9.75
8.58
9.32
10.21
9.77
10.63:
9.66
9.67
9.17
8.68
9.96
8.79
9.56
10.30
10.08
10.89
9.68
9.76
9.23
8.72
9.98
8.94
9.68
10.49
10.27
10.94
9.73
9.72
385.82
355.90
338.35
377.30
362.25
373.12
432.21
412.72
453.42
392.12
378.95
352.63 i
340.54
369.53
355.21
363.48
417.59
406.43
440.08
391.23
381.00
354.88
340.26
376.49
356.00
360.41
414.06
419.33
441.05
375.58
367.95
339.66
323.51
364.27
343.30
353.32
393.38
402.58
435.41
376.55
I
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average overtime hours
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
43.4
47.8
43.1
43.8
42.5
43.5
43.3
41.9
41.0
44.4
45.6
43.7
44.0
43.0
43.4
41.4
43.4
47.6
43.1
43.9
42.3
44.0
42.7
42.1
41.5
44.1
46.3
43.8
43.3
43.3
44.5
42.0
42.5
46.2
43.2
43.8
42.7
42.0
46.5
41.7
41.4
42.2
43.7
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.0
40.3
42.3
45.3
44.2
44.4
44.0
40.0
44.4
41.3
39.7
42.7
44.4
41.6
42.4
42.3
40.7
38.7
43.2
5.7
8.9
4.6
5.7
3.7
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.3
7.5
7.6
6.2
7.9
5.0
4.3
3.8
5.6
9.2
4.4
5.6
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
7.2
7.5
6.2
7.4
5.0
4.8
4.0
5.2
7.6
4.3
5.3
3.5
3.8
7.6
4.4
4.4
6.2
6.2
5.5
6.2
4.7
4.3
2.2
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
44.7
44.9
45.2
44.2
45.7
46.3
47.6
44.3
43.1
42.5
45.1
45.0
46.5
44.4
43.0
42.4
44.7
44.7
44.9
43.8
45.8
46.5
46.8
44.6
43.3
42.4
45.2
44.8
46.9
44.6
43.1
43.2
44.4
44.7
44.8
44.6
45.9
45.9
49.3
45.9
42.5
41.7
44.4
44.9
46.9
43.6
42.7
43.0
43.1
45.0
45.9
42.3
42.9
43.2
45.4
42.5
43.0
42.7
42.6
42.1
46.5
41.8
39.9
40.6
44.1
44.3
6.6
6.5
6.8
5.7
7.7
8.8
8.9
5.9
5.3
4.9
7.1
8.0
7.7
6.4
5.2
5.2
6.4
6.0
6.2
5.4
7.8
9.0
9.4
5.7
5.3
4.8
7.2
7.9
8.0
6.5
5.2
5.5
6.4
6.5
6.8
6.0
7.6
8.1
10.0
6.5
5.1
4.8
6.5
7.7
7.5
5.9
4.7
4.8
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
42.9
44.0
43.8
42.6
42.3
42.4
42.0
41.8
42.3
42.0
42.8
40.7
42.8
41.3
41.5
43.2
42.9
43.6
44.9
43.4
46.6
43.0
41.6
41.3
42.0
42.2
41.3
42.9
42.8 !
42.2 i
42.7
43.4
43.2
42.3
42.1
42.3
41.9
42.1
40.9
41.6
42.8
40.3
42.2
41.1
40.4
43.1
42.8
43.4
45.2
43.6
46.9
43.3
41.3
40.9
42.0
41.9
40.4
43.0
42.7
42.8
42.5
42.1
42.0
42.1
41.9
42.1
41.3
41.4
40.5
41.4
41.9
39.2
43.2
40.8
41.5
44.3
43.6
45.1
44.7
43.4
46.6
42.3
41.5
41.3
41.7
43.0
42.2
42.4
42.8
41.5
40.3
41.3
41.2
39.3
39.0
39.1
38.9
38.1
39.9
40.1
41.2
38.4
40.6
39.9
39.9
41.5
41.2
41.9
41.4
39.4
42.7
40.1
39.7
39.5
40.1
39.3
40.3
40.0
40.5
39.1
42.2
5.1
6.5
6.2
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.7
5.4
3.7
5.1
4.2
4.3
5.7
5.3
6.1
6.4
5.8
7.6
4.9
4.5
4.2
5.0
4.4
3.2
4.7
4.8
4.0
4.8
5.9
5.7
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.1
4.3
5.5
3.2
4.7
3.8
3.5
5.7
5.2
6.2
6.4
5.4
7.7
4.8
4.3
3.9
5.0
3.9
2.5
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.8
5.4
5.2
4.1
3.9
4.2
3.6
3.8
2.6
4.1
4.4
2.5
5.3
3.9
4.2
6.0
5.7
6.3
6.5
5.3
7.9
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.8
4.2
3.2
4.5
5.0
3.5
See footnotes at end of table.
124
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995 p
Apr.
1994
Avg.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995"
May
1995 p
j
32
321
322
3221
3229
J323
324
I325
326
J327
|3271
J3272
|3273
|329
13291
J3292
$12.13 $12.04 $12.25 $12.43 $12.31 $526.44 $522.54 $520.63 $525.79
876.65 868.70 845.92 837.60
18.49
18.31
18.25
18.34
588.32 588.75 601.78 631.62
14.29
13.93
13.66
13.65
617.58 615.92 630.72 656.68
14.79
14.40
14.03
14.10
563.13 563.01 579.01 610.72
13.88
13.56
13.31
13.25
462.41 468.60 460.32 434.00
10.85
10.96
10.65
10.63
674.18 655.45 764.00 739.26
16.65
16.43
15.35
15.57
447.07 447.10 446.61 448.52
10.86
10.71
10.62
10.67
430.91 434.92 437.60 422.81
10.65
10.57
10.48
10.51
516.37 506.27 489.94! 504.71
11.82
11.61
11.48
11.63
499.78 501.89 471.96 485.29
10.93
10.80
10.84
10.96
453.61 j 450.26 442.43 439.71
10.57
10.41
10.28
10.38
544.28 526.10 505.12 532.12
12.55
12.35
12.15
12.37
536.64 534.32! 536.71 540.59
12.78
12.54
12.34
12.48
472.63 485.50! 478.16 452.99)
11.13
11.12
10.91
10.89
617.69 606.48! 606.92 595.98]
15.40
15.06
14.44
14.92
i
14.48
17.23
10.73J
14.78
17.67
19.11
13.54
13.39
14.17
16.04
11.97
16.03
16.09
13.78
13.65
16.28
13.73
11.47
10.65
12.05!
15.48
16.51
12.16
11.15
12.34
10.57
9.96
10.77
11.22
11.07
9.53
12.57
11.51
10.39
11.93
11.20
12.76
14.38
13.78
16.47
11.39
10.04
9.97
10.14
13.77
14.31
11.27
11.60
10.01
12.02
15.68
16.83
12.14
11.14
12.25
10.52
9.95
10.57
11.21
11.08
9.61
12.57
11.50
10.35
11.81
11.14
12.58
14.30
13.77
16.50
11.27
10.05
9.94
10.21
13.95
14.66
11.29
11.57
10.18
12.05
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ..
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
14.33
16.85
18.15
13.30
13.26
14.09
14.85
11.92
15.43
15.48
13.42
13.26
15.69
13.49
11.37
10.69
14.21
16.64
17.91
13.27
13.18
14.03
14.75
11.78
15.27
15.32
13.38
13.16
15.52
13.52
11.42
10.83
14.41
17.03
18.32
13.52
13.37
14.13
15.85
12.03i
15.52!
15.41
13.57
13.55
15.75
13.57
11.33
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
11.93
15.44
16.50
11.91
11.14
11.94
10.56
9.89
10.86
11.02
11.05
9.31
12.40
11.24
10.14
11.79!
11.03!
12.64
14.36
13.88
16.55
11.25
9.85
9.86
9.84
13.81
14.17
11.17
11.46
9.91
11.90
15.43
16.53
11.86
11.14
11.84
10.38
9.71
10.77
10.98
10.99
9.23
12.40
11.20
10.17
11.79
11.02
12.66
14.38
13.86
16.57
11.25
9.79
9.86
9.67
13.71
13.99
11.08
11.42
9.88
640.55 i
756.57 j
820.381
587.86i
605.98!
652.371
706.86!
528.061
665.03|
657.90 i
605.24 i
596.70;
729.59;
598.96'
488.91
453.26
511.80
679.36
722.70
507.37
471.22
506.26
443.52
413.40
459.38
462.84
472.94
378.92
530.72
464.21
420.81
509.33
473.19
551.10
644.76
602.39
771.23!
483.75!
409.76!
407.22 j
413.28!
582.78!
585.22;
479.19|
490.49!
418.201
635.19!
743.81 i
804.161
581.231
603.64 j
652.401
690.301
525.391
661.191
649.57
604.78
589.57
727.89
602.99
492.20
467.86
I
508.13
669.66
714.10
501.68
468.99
500.83
434.92
408.79
440.49
456.77!
470.37!
371.97!
523.28!
460.32!
410.87!
508.15 i
471.66!
549.44
649.98
604.30
777.13
487.13
404.33
403.27
406.14
574.45
565.20
476.44 j
487.63!
422.86i
639.80
761.24
820.74
602.99
613.68
648.57
781.41
552.18
659.60
642.60
602.51
608.40
738.68
591.65
483.79
461.39
512.13
651.71!
693.42;
511.94!
467.19
519.51
436.54
412.34
436.19
464.51
463.83
373.58
543.02
469.61
431.19
528.50
488.32!
575.48!
642.79i
598.05 i
767.50;
481.80!
416.66!
411.76,1
422.84
592.11
603.88
477.85
496.48
415.42
637.02J
795.15|
877.15
572.74
574.43
612.14
728.22
508.73
689.29
687.041
587.03
574.67 j
757.021
573.911
457.651
432.39!
i
484.41'
647.58
693.40
477.10
434.46
478.98
409.23
379.10
421.74
449.52
456.50
369.02
510.34
458.85
412.97
490.12
458.97
527.10
592.02
542.54
704.55
451.93
398.99
392.63
409.42
548.24
590.80
451.60|
468.591
398.04;
See footnotes at end of table.
125
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
126
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
43.7
44.6
42.3
45.6
45.0
45.0
44.2
44.7
42.4
47.4
43.3
41.6
43.9
44.6
44.5
44.2
43.3
42.3
43.6
42.1
43.1
43.5
43.6
44.2
44.8
44.9
41.6
42.5
44.1
42.6
42.8
43.9
45.3
41.1
47.1
43.1
42.9
44.4
44.9
43.8
46.5
42.8
43.1
44.7
45.9
47.6
45.0
45.1
39.3
43.8
42.1
41.4
43.9
43.8
43.1
45.7
45.7
41.3
44.9
44.1
43.2
45.1
41.7
42.1
39.4
43.2
40.6
40.7
41.9
41.9
40.7
43.0
41.1
42.0
42.6
43.1
43.9
43.0
42.7
38.9
41.6
41.1
39.7
42.9
41.3
40.9
42.0
43.7
39.8
40.2
40.6
42.6
44.7
41.6
43.6
44.4
43.2
43.6
43.2
42.0
44.1
45.2
43.0
43.1
43.1
40.6
42.7
43.1
43.7
45.7
43.5
42.2
42.0
41.9
42.1
42.9
43.4
41.9
41.4
42.6
41.2
41.2
42.3
45.9
41.3
43.3
38.9
41.4
41.3
42.7
44.4
41.7
42.5
42.0
41.1
43.2
44.5
43.8
42.3
41.9
41.9
41.8
43.0
43.5
41.6
42.3
44.5
42.2
41.1
42.4
47.4
41.6
42.6
38.8
41.5
41.2
42.3
43.8
41.9
42.3
42.4
41.1
43.1
43.7
43.8
41.5
41.3
41.4
41.3
41.8
42.2
40.9
40.4
41.0
39.4
40.1
41.7
45.4
40.5
42.2
38.8
40.5
39.8
42.4
44.8
41.3
41.9
40.3
41.3
42.3
40.6
43.6
40.2
40.1
40.5
39.7
40.3
40.7
39.0
38.6
39.4
37.0
38.1
39.6
42.9
38.8
40.3
37.2
39.5
37.2
41.1
42.7
40.5
37.2
40.6
39.8
40.8
39.5
41.3
43.5
40.6
40.4
40.6
42.0
41.9
42.0
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
43.7
44.9
42.8
45.7
43.2
43.4
44.0
43.6
43.5
46.4
43.7
42.6
44.3
44.8
45.4
44.6
43.6
42.5
43.7
41.9
43.2
43.6
43.8
43.9
45.2
45.0
42.4
43.1
43.9
42.7
43.4
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
|
i
i
|
41.2
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
5.4
5.8
5.0
6.1
4.8
5.1
5.6
5.6
5.3
6.6
6.0
4.7
6.3
6.2
6.6
6.9
5.0
4.5
5.7
4.2
5.8
5.4
5.4
5.3
7.2
5.6
4.1
6.2
5.5
3.5
3.6
5.3
5.7
4.8
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.6
6.2
4.2
6.5
5.6
4.4
6.0
6.1
5.6
6.7
4.9
4.3
5.5
4.4
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.6
6.8
5.7
3.1
5.8
5.1
3.4
3.4
5.5
5.1
3.1
6.0
4.7
4.6
5.7
6.1
5.2
6.2
5.8
4.5
6.9
7.2
8.3
7.5
6.2
2.9
5.9
4.5
4.6
5.9
5.3
4.7
7.3
5.6
3.2
6.7
5.7
3.6
3.9
3.5
5.2
5.8
5.5
6.3
5.5
May
1995p
3.2
5.3
6.0
5.2
5.9
5.3
3.8
4.7
5.1
6.0
6.6
6.0
4.3
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.6
5.0
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.2
4.2
5.3
3.8
3.6
2.7
4.8
4.1
3.9
4.5
4.3
4.9
4.7
3.8
5.2
6.6
5.5
4.2
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.5
4.9
3.6
3.8
5.3
3.2
2.5
4.1
6.1
3.7
3.5
2.2
4.2
3.8
3.7
4.6
4.1
4.9
4.4
3.5
5.2
5.5
6.0
3.9
3.2
2.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.8
2.5
2.1
3.0
1.9
3.6
4.9
3.3
2.9
1.9
5.4
4.6
3.0
3.4
4.5
4.5
5.0
4.1
4.7
4.4
5.4
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995 p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
"T
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$12.99 $12.94 $13.15 $13.05 $13.17 $567.66 $565.48| $577.29 $544.19
730.97 730.10] 708.04 649.18
15.42
15.63
16.37
16.28
739.16 721.64| 701.17 666.25
16.91
17.06
17.06
17.27
725.72 734.16 711.68 641.95
14.86
15.11
16.10
15.88
538.70 554.85 547.37 520.49
12.82
12.70
12.33
12.47
582.86 600.30 590.73 563.70
13.85
13.77
13.34
13.43
570.68 579.46 568.76 531.71
12.69
12.81
13.11
12.97
619.12 654.41 600.76 553.92
13.22
13.38
14.64
14.20
591.60J 557.98 607.07 554.74
13.63
13.86
13.16
13.60
551.70 561.22 567.30 526.32
12.24
12.20
11.84
11.89
533.58 531.72 531.15 500.60
12.18
12.41
12.28
12.21
487.77 470.08 504.27 487.62
11.61
11.70
11.30
11.45
605.14! 594.85 622.67 586.18
13.76
13.93
13.55
13.66
624.511 617.71! 649.94 605.12
14.04
14.16
13.85
13.94
630.61 611.88 673.06 613.72
13.98
14.14
13.75
13.89
633.77 622.34 652.05 614.04
14.28
14.49
14.08
14.21
522.76! 515.70 551.57 519.23
12.16
12.23
11.91
11.99
477.70 i 472.07 454.31 442.68
11.38
11.56
11.16
11.24
589.08| 585.98 593.93 556.61
13.38
13.56
13.44
13.48
486.46 j 486.68 496.36 477.99
11.63
11.79
11.56
11.61
668.74 652.97 625.14 591.13
14.89
15.10
15.15
15.48
571.60! 570.72 583.87! 563.71
13.14
13.30
13.12
13.11
558.89! 552.41 563.27 j 524.92
12.71
12.86
12.67
12.76
602.75! 604.21 592.19! 551.33
13.48
13.74
13.67
13.73
638.22; 619.58 647.11j 592.62
14.11
14.16
13.83
14.12
588.15 578.31 600.96; 556.30
12.73
13.15
12.88
13.07
447.74 435.14 436.54! 423.07
10.63
10.57
10.46
10.56
587.88 584.80 620.97! 558.38
13.89
13.83
13.76
13.64
557.97 562.72 556.54! 499.79
12.31
12.62
12.76
12.71
558.52 553.80 588.38! 581.92
13.66
13.62
13.00
13.08
615.85 602.20 668.83 669.61
14.98
14.83
14.07
14.19
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
12.89
11.61
11.78
12.43
13.61
12.11
12.88
11.56
11.73
12.35
13.46
12.05
13.35
11.80
12.05
12.70
14.02
12.39
13.36
11.68
11.90
12.64
14.18
12.33
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
11.50
11.22
10.65
11.83
10.90
10.17
12.39
10.87
11.76
13.53
8.62
11.23
11.83
11.12
10.48
8.41
11.48
12.06
12.25
13.63
11.29
13.38
14.34
9.65
12.91
14.211
13.51
11.45
11.16
10.59
11.80
10.84
10.09
12.29
10.64
11.60
13.30
8.38
11.25
12.00
11.05
10.50
8.45
11.44
12.02
12.26
13.73
11.24
13.27
14.25
9.58
12.89
14.06
13.54
11.54
11.21
10.44
12.05
10.97
10.27
12.52
11.24
12.00
13.97
9.00
11.36
12.08
11.14
10.67
8.45
10.98
11.26
11.97
13.11
11.30
13.42
14.24
9.69
13.27
14.24
14.14
11.48
11.17
10.47
11.97
10.95
10.32
12.35
11.18
11.92
13.73
9.00
11.28
11.86
11.10
10.49
8.48
10.93
11.45
11.91
13.13
11.35
13.42
14.29
9.76
12.90
13.66
13.60
536.22
506.20
523.03
536.98
593.40
523.15J
11.54
540.96
509.80
530.20
531.05
580.13
519.36
542.01
503.86
519.36
554.99
640.71
538.97
542.42
471.87
483.14
530.88
594.14 j
517.86!
485.30 j
471.241
446.24!
498.04
467.61
441.38
519.14
450.02
500.98
557.44
355.14
475.03
543.00
459.26
453.78
327.15
475.27
498.08
523.08
605.17
470.79
568.65
602.28
396.62
557.71
632.35
591.74
484.34
467.60
443.72
493.24
466.12
438.92
511.26
450.07
516.20
561.26
344.42
477.00
568.80
459.68
447.30
327.86
474.76
495.22
518.60
601.37
470.96
561.32
604.20
393.74
555.56
614.42
593.05
478.91
462.97
432.22
497.67
458.55
433.39
512.07
454.10
492.00
550.42
360.90
473.71
548.43
451.17
450.27
327.86
444.69
448.15
507.53
587.33
466.69
562.30
573.87!
400.20 !
561.32
578.14
616.50
461.50
447.92
424.04
475.21
441.29
420.02
481.65
431.55
469.65
508.01
342.90
446.69
508.79
430.68
422.75
315.46
431.74
425.94
489.50
560.65
459.68
499.22
580.17
388.45
526.32
539.57
561.68
See footnotes at end of table.
127
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts...
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
44.3
46.0
46.8
44.0
46.0
43.3
42.1
40.9
43.5
43.0
41.1
41.6
40.1
45.2
42.2
42.6
39.8
38.9
44.5
46.4
47.0
45.9
46.5
43.4
41.7
40.8
42.5
42.5
41.7
42.0
41.1
43.7
41.9
42.2
41.2
38.9
44.5
45.9
47.0
44.7
45.7
43.1
42.6
41.1
44.6
43.4
41.7
42.3
40.8
45.4
43.3
44.2
39.6
38.4
42.3
43.2
44.4
43.1
42.6
41.4
41.3
40.5
42.0
41.9
40.0
40.3
39.5
43.2
42.3
42.6
37.8
36.6
43.8
44.8
6.2
7.5
8.5
5.7
7.4
5.1
4.6
4.1
5.3
4.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
5.2
3.7
3.8
3.1
2.5
6.3
7.8
8.7
6.8
7.7
5.2
4.1
3.8
4.4
4.4
3.7
3.5
3.9
4.1
3.2
2.9
4.2
3.0
6.3
7.5
8.6
5.8
7.3
4.7
4.8
4.0
5.9
5.2
3.7
3.8
3.6
5.5
4.0
4.5
3.2
2.1
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
41.7
41.3
42.5
42.8
42.7
42.0
41.1
41.2
40.9
39.2
43.2
41.7
41.5
41.7
42.0
42.3
42.0
41.6
40.9
40.7
40.8
39.7
43.2
41.2
41.7
41.1
42.4
42.3
42.5 |
42.4
41.6
42.5
40.4
38.3
42.8
38.7
40.4
40.4
40.8
39.1
41.0
41.4
40.0
40.1
39.5
37.7
43.3
35.7
41.3
3.3
2.4
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.3
5.0
3.5
3.0
2.1
2.9
3.3
2.5
2.1
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.5
4.7
2.5
3.5
2.9
3.3
3.7
2.9
3.0
3.7
4.1
3.3
1.7
6.1
1.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
40.0
38.6
38.2
40.6
40.3
38.6
41.2
40.6
39.5
39.4
40.1 !
41.0
40.2
38.9
38.6
40.8
40.6
38.5
41.7
41.0
39.9
39.6
40.2
40.9
39.9
38.3
38.0
41.4
40.6
38.9
41.5
40.9
39.1
38.6
39.8
41.1
38.9
37.9
37.8
40.4
39.4
37.4
40.5
39.1
37.1
36.4
38.9
40.9
39.7
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.8
3.3
2.4
3.8
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.1
2.3
2.4
3.0
3.5
1.9
4.4
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.5
2.9
1.9
2.0
3.2
3.5
2.1
4.3
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.8
3.6
40.9
40.8
40.5
39.6
40.4
4.3
41.3
41.2
43.4
42.9
39.2
42.1
40.3
42.6
40.9
42.5
41.3
39.9
45.0
46.0
44.2
40.5
40.5
42.5
42.1
38.7
41.8
39.3
42.0
39.8
39.1
39.3
39.7
43.7
45.0
42.6
40.6
40.0
42.7
41.3
37.9
42.2
40.1
42.6
39.3
38.1
39.2
39.4
45.3
44.3
44.6
39.8
39.2
41.6
40.6
37.4
42.4
40.5
43.0
38.2
40.2
37.8
38.3
43.5
42.7
44.3
40.8
4.9
4.6
5.7
5.7
3.6
4.8
3.9
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.6
4.5
7.1
6.8
6.6
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
I
See footnotes at end of table.
128
3.9
4.2
4.0
5.0
4.9
3.1
4.4
3.4
4.5
3.8
3.0
3.9
4.2
6.3
6.2
5.7
4.3
4.0
5.3
5.0
2.9
5.0
4.1
4.7
3.2
2.4
2.8
3.3
6.8
6.0
6.5
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1987
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995 p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995"
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$16.48 $16.42 $16.66 $16.46 $16.42 $730.06 $730.69 $741.37 $696.26
17.00
16.91 781.08 786.94 790.86 734.40
16.98
17.23
16.96
20.54
969.23 977.60 973.84 911.98
20.71
20.72
20.80
14.41
638.44 662.80 637.42 621.07
14.51
14.26
14.44
15.50
711.16 715.17 722.06 660.30
15.46
15.80
15.38
10.15
432.57 431.83 443.50 420.21
9.99
10.29
9.95
17.97
756.12 743.51 771.06 742.16
17.96
18.10
17.83
O
(2)
(2)
(2)
$752.99 $734.83 $761.32 $703.08
689.29 675.33 703.95 677.94
512.11 516.25 524.59 494.40
576.99 577.92 600.66 562.19
393.38 398.26 402.70 387.89
705.12 688.28 683.27 649.73
737.66 721.10 766.41 741.94
$17.31 $17.29 $17.07 $16.74
16.03
16.22
15.89
16.18
12.46
12.58
12.38
12.36
13.87
14.20
13.76
13.95
9.81
9.87
9.69
9.82
15.60
15.05
15.75
15.04
17.48
17.70
17.21
17.54
0
O
O
0
$435.01 $454.85 $444.71 $415.42
419.73J 427.51 422.02 394.18
$10.93 $11.04 $11.23 $10.99
10.99
10.79
10.77
10.99
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
12.47
16.63
12.24
10.94
11.78
13.48
11.17
10.84
10.51
9.29
15.00
8.52
12.43
16.46
12.22
11.04
11.76
13.27
11.12
10.87
10.43
9.21
14.85
8.46
12.63
16.45
12.35
11.02
11.94
13.75
11.54
11.12
10.88
9.66
15.17
8.88
12.68
16.40
12.53
11.10
12.12
14.06
11.45
11.08
10.73
9.62
15.24
8.91
12.66
520.001
686.82!
520.20 j
468.23 j
503.01!
566.16 j
459.09
446.61
429.86
364.17
648.00
355.28
515.85
686.38
513.24
466.99
493.92
552.03
454.81
442.41
425.54
365.64
641.52
348.55
526.67
676.10
523.64
466.15
507.45
583.00
480.06!
472.60)
439.55
369.98
649.28
343.66
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
9.66
9.88
9.81
9.64
9.09
8.86
9.21
10.65
8.25
7.06
10.10
10.35
9.61
9.77
9.68
9.77
9.01
8.79
9.13
10.61
8.16
6.95
10.08
10.24
9.90
10.06
10.02
9.82
9.34
9.24
9.39
10.93
8.51
7.24
10.34
10.85
9.94
10.14
10.08
9.79
9.44
9.40
9.46
11.04
8.54
7.31
10.30
10.78
9.94
386.40
381.37
374.74
391.38
366.33
342.00
379.45
432.39
325.88
278.16
405.01
424.35
386.32
380.05
373.65J
398.62!
365.81
338.42
395.011 386.67
385.301 384.31
11.25
11.20
11.45
11.59
11.53
460.13
10.66
8.71
9.43
10.06]
7.73
12.02
10.73
12.69
10.20
13.49
10.53
9.20
13.07
11.08
10.50
10.63
8.57
9.27
9.91
7.61
11.90
10.66
12.54
10.25i
13.16
10.81
9.42
12.90
10.91
10.49
10.87
8.89
9.59
10.31
7.90
12.24
11.03
12.78
10.54
13.87
11.26
9.80
13.30
11.31
10.95
10.95
8.87
9.50
10.33
7.92
12.26
11.04
12.91
10.59
13.79
11.22
9.88
13.39
11.15
11.01
10.94
440.26
358.85
409.26
431.57
303.02!
506.04!
432.42!
540.59 j
417.18J
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
512.27
662.56
511.22
434.01
496.92
582.08
458.00
444.31
423.84
362.67
659.89
318.09
435.01
325.58
275.22)
405.22]
418.82]
380.76
406.55
379.20!
359.44]
389.69|
447.041
332.74J
279.46
411.53
445.94
381.02
395.52
371.94
351.56
383.13
431.66
316.83
266.08
400.67
440.90
456.96
463.73
458.96
441.32
355.60
409.49
425.80
299.41
516.53
442.30
544.43
414.22;
528.45 j
441.39!
386.12
602.49
501.03
488.37
435.81
347.70
395.20
419.40
296.21
519.82
447.12
555.13
404.54
554.36
424.12
378.40
582.47
476.11
487.74
380.721
430.52
347.09
393.98
417.21
294.51
497.42
418.94
526.68
407.95
573.33J 514.56
434.89! 424.83
367.08I 373.97
588.15 563.73]
509.68 490.95]
464.10 446.87 j
See footnotes at end of table.
129
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average overtime hours
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
205
2051
39.9 !
39.3 |
39.8
39.3
39.3
39.4
38.9
39.9
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.4
3.9
4.0
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
41.1 | 40.6
!
|
39.1
47.2
44.3
39.9
37.1
43.5
42.0
44.5
42.0
38.6
39.1
40.9
53.7
46.1
42.4
39.1
43.0
41.6
45.0
41.0
39.8
37.0
37.8
39.3
44.6
40.4
35.8
43.8
42.3
46.6
41.6
38.7
4.5
3.9
9.5
6.9
4.1
3.1
6.3
5.5
7.9
5.2
4.5
4.2
2.7
4.9
5.5
3.8
1.9
5.6
5.6
7.9
5.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
12.3
6.6
2.5
3.0
6.0
4.9
7.6
4.6
4.3
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
39.3 i
39.7 j
39.4
40.0
38.1
38.4
38.6
39.2
41.2
3.7
4.3
2.9
3.1
3.8
4.6
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
41.6
41.2
42.3
40.9
43.0
38.9
39.9
39.4
37.2
41.0
38.3
41.8
42.8
43.7
41.7
42.2
41.0
41.4
38.4
42.3
39.9
42.0
40.6
40.6
38.9
38.1
36.7
35.6
39.0
38.4
39.4
39.7
40.5
37.5
39.4
40.6
41.0
38.2
42.0
40.5
41.7
43.2
39.8
40.0
39.1 i
39.0 |
39.4
39.5
41.7
43.4
44.3
42.1
43.1
41.5
41.9
38.8
43.2
41.9
42.2
41.8
45.1
40.1
39.6
38.5
38.3
38.4
39.0
42.7
44.5
45.1
43.0
44.2
41.9
42.3
39.7
43.7
4.7
5.8
4.5
5.9
3.1
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.0
2.2
4.8
6.0
6.4
5.3
5.9
4.6
4.8
3.3
5.1
4.8
5.5
4.4
7.3
3.1
3.3
2.7
3.3
2.4
1.6
5.5
6.5
7.0
5.4
6.7
4.8
4.9
3.7
5.3
4.3
5.8
4.1
5.8
3.1
3.3
3.3
2.3
3.2
2.4
4.6
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.3
4.6
2.5
4.6
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
37.5
36.2
37.5
36.7
37.2
37.4
36.1
35.7
36.4
35.4
36.2
37.9
37.6
39.0
37.5
36.9
37.3
39.6
38.5
38.5
40.5
37.4
36.3
37.5
36.6
37.0
37.0
36.1
34.9
37.0
35.6
36.1
37.8
37.3
39.6
36.1
34.7
37.7
39.6
39.2
38.1
40.1
37.3
35.8
37.4
36.9
36.9
37.6
36.4
36.6
36.2
34.3
36.7
37.5
37.3
38.5
36.7
35.7
37.3
38.7
37.8
37.6
39.4
35.5
34.3
35.3
35.2
35.6
34.3
34.2
35.1
34.4
33.3
34.2
35.7
35.4
36.7
33.7
33.5
36.1
37.5
36.6
36.6
38.2
37.1
2.1
1.2
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.1
2.2
1.4
1.7
2.1
1.9
2.7
2.1
2.0
1.8
3.2
2.2
2.7
3.9
2.0
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.7
.8
2.7
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.5
2.7
1.2
1.2
2.1
3.1
2.7
2.2
3.7
1.9
1.1
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.3
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.7
2.0
2.2
2.7
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
26
262
263
43.9 I
45.7 I
45.8 !
43.8
45.3
45.6
43.1
45.3
45.7
42.4
46.3
45.3
43.0
5.6
6.1
7.3
5.4
6.1
7.1
4.9
6.1
7.5
See footnotes at end of table.
130
40.6 j
50.2 i
46.3
40.9 I
38.9
44.2
42.2
45.1
41.9
40.1
j
!
42.3 I
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
205
2051
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995 p
$11.75 $11.73 $11.78 $11.91
11.68 11.71
11.64
11.83
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$468.83 $466.85 $462.95 $463.30
459.02 460.20 458.62 472.02
446.96
455.49
450.38
749.591 718.51
549.50 538.53
420.331 389.86
492.35 508.52
635.23 658.19
948.60 1,009.36
504.71 515.42
388.85 380.81
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
11.87
11.57
11.09
15.85
12.42
10.52
11.25
15.06
20.51
12.31
9.60
11.79
11.84
11.11
15.64
13.19
10.82
11.11
14.85
20.40
12.28
9.73
12.06
11.89
12.02
16.26
12.96
10.75
11.45
15.27
21.08
12.31
9.77
12.08
12.05
11.46
16.11
13.33
10.89
11.61
15.56
21.66
12.39
9.84
487.86
469.74
556.72
733.86
507.98
409.23
497.25
635.53
925.00
515.79
384.96
478.67
462.94
524.39
692.85
526.28
401.42
483.29
623.70
907.80
515.76
375.58
471.55
486.30
645.47
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
19.10
23.37
19.60
23.04
20.44
24.73
20.03 $21.66
23.82
750.63
927.79
772.24
921.60
778.76
949.63
773.16
933.74
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
9.13
9.53
10.06
9.60
8.37
8.35
7.86
8.07
7.85
8.39
9.38
9.36
9.11
9.85
9.14
8.88
9.30
9.80
10.23
9.76
8.67
8.53
8.15
8.21
7.89
8.76
9.55
9.48
9.17
9.98
9.21
9.04
9.01
9.27
10.65
9.38
9.89
10.30
9.94
8.62
8.63
8.08
8.20
8.12
8.87
9.72
9.46
9.08
10.04
9.26
9.10
9.04
9.42
10.71
9.38
9.29)
10.52
9.09
9.38
10.02
9.68
8.31
8.32
7.86
8.01
7.78
8.30
9.46
9.28
9.04
9.75
9.19
8.85
8.81
9.22
10.42
379.81
403.12
419.50
414.72
333.13
334.00
307.33
314.73
309.29
331.41
391.15
406.22
403.57
414.69
393.93
368.52
370.40
360.45
454.46
380.87
395.84
418.84
436.57
333.23
329.47
302.61
306.78
298.75
323.70
403.94
412.96!
407.70
419.25
406.20
370.82
372.66
366.03
455.35
383.16
414.54
418.41
419.68
337.26
340.35
321.11
305.41
323.49
335.51
399.19
405.74
400.73
416.17
388.66
370.64
373.01
355.97
450.50
374.26
415.38
418.18
403.56
335.32
328.80
296.54
291.92
316.68
340.61
382.97
375.56
367.74
376.50
364.84
369.46
370.64
359.84
449.82
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
7.34
7.91
6.96
6.87
6.86
6.67
6.95
6.40
7.50
7.47
6.81
6.97
6.76
7.75
6.571
6.47
6.96
8.47
7.27
7.63
10.92
7.28
7.93
6.92
6.80
6.82
6.69
6.87
6.34
7.50
7.35
6.71
6.96
6.75
7.75
6.58
6.47
6.97
8.36
7.27
7.52
10.84
7.51
8.03
7.16
7.06
7.09
6.98
7.14
6.54
7.81
7.68
7.00
7.10
6.86
8.02
6.80
6.61
7.16
8.56
7.38
7.90
10.78
7.62
8.34
7.29
7.06
7.20
7.20
7.22
6.49
7.95
7.88
7.06
7.19
6.95
8.07
6.90
6.70
7.19
8.65
7.37
7.94
11.02
7.56
275.25
286.34
261.00
252.13
255.19
249.46
250.90
228.48
273.00
264.44
246.52
264.16
254.18
302.25
246.38
238.74
259.61'
335.41
279.90
293.76
442.26
272.27
287.86
259.50
248.88
252.34
247.53
248.01
221.27
277.50
261.66
242.23
263.09
251.78
306.90
237.541
224.511
262.77!
331.06|
284.98
286.51
434.68
280.12
287.47
267.78
260.51
261.62
262.451
259.90J
239.36 j
282.72;
263.42
256.90
266.25
255.88
308.77
249.56
235.98
267.07
331.27
278.96
297.04
424.73
270.51
286.06
257.34
248.51
256.32
246.96
246.92
227.80
273.48
262.40
241.45
256.68
246.03
296.17
232.53
224.45
259.56
324.38
269.74
290.60
420.96
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
26
262
263
13.77
17.06
17.32
13.67
16.97
17.20
14.03
17.46
17.72
14.27)
17.79
18.08
14.18
Paperboard mills
8.841
604.50 598.75! 604.69; 605.05
779.64 768.741 790.941 823.68
793.26! 784.32! 809.80! 819.02
609.74
See footnotes at end of table.
131
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated .
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations.
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting .
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
Service-producing .
Transportation and public utilities .
See footnotes at end of table.
132
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Apr.
1994
Avg.
1994
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
43.8
44.6
42.7
43.8
42.2
42.7
41.8
41.8
|27
j271
;272
J273
12731
I2732
;274
|275
|2752
:2759
;276
J278
I279
38.6
33.1
37.1
40.4
39.7
41.2
37.1
40.2
40.0
40.5
41.5
39.7
39.6
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average overtime hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
5.7
6.3
4.6
5.7
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.0
May
1995p
5.4
5.9
4.6
5.5
4.4
3.9
4.3
3.5
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.3
4.1
3.8
4.4
3.5
43.8
44.4
43.0
43.9
42.0
42.4
40.9
41.5
42.1
42.5
41.1
42.2
41.7
42.1
41.2
41.1
40.5
40.6
39.1
40.9
40.4
41.8
40.4
39.3
38.6
32.9
37.0
41.2
40.4
42.1
37.6
40.2
40.1
40.3
40.3
39.2
39.9
38.4
32.6
36.6
40.4
40.1
40.7
37.0
40.2
40.2
40.5
41.5
38.9
39.4
37.8
32.8
36.4
41.0
40.1
42.1
36.5
39.1
38.9
39.5
40.9
38.6
38.8
38.0
3.4
1.4
2.6
3.5
2.6
4.6
2.3
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.2
2.6
4.2
3.3
1.3
2.2
3.9
3.2
4.8
2.6
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.4
2.1
4.4
3.2
1.1
2.5
3.7
3.2
4.2
2.2
4.2
4.1
4.2
3.9
2.4
4.0
43.2
44.4
43.8
44.1
45.2
43.3
41.3
41.0
41.3
42.4
40.6
41.2
43.2
45.4
46.0
45.3
45.5
43.4
43.1
44.3
43.9
43.6
44.9
42.8
40.9
40.6
41.4
41.9
41.0
41.4
43.4
45.2
44.9
45.2
45.8
43.2
43.3
44.8
44.3
43.8
45.0
43.7
41.9
41.6
40.9
41.6
40.1
41.0
43.1
45.4
46.4
45.2
45.5
43.8
43.3
46.3
46.1
45.6
45.2
48.0
40.8
40.4
39.9
40.2
39.3
40.2
41.9
46.0
46.7
45.8
45.7
42.8
42.9
5.0
5.5
5.5
6.1
6.9
5.5
3.9
3.7
3.5
4.3
3.6
3.0
4.5
6.3
8.4
5.8
6.2
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.8
6.7
5.2
3.7
3.6
3.4
4.2
3.7
2.8
4.8
6.3
8.1
5.8
6.7
5.0
5.0
5.7
5.7
6.0
6.5
5.7
3.9
3.6
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.5
4.4
6.8
7.7
6.6
6.7
4.8
44.4
44.3
45.2
45.1
45.1
45.7
43.4
43.7
42.9
43.9
44.7
42.3
42.4
6.4
5.9
8.6
6.2
5.7
8.4
6.1
6.0
7.0
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
42.2
44.6
40.4
42.4
44.0
41.9
42.1
42.4
44.6
39.7
42.4
43.7
41.9
42.3
41.8
45.6
39.9
42.9
44.1
41.8
41.3
40.2
42.7
37.8
39.9
40.7
39.2
40.2
41.8
4.7
6.4
2.2
4.9
5.5
4.3
4.6
4.8
6.7
1.6
4.7
5.1
4.2
4.7
4.3
6.3
2.0
5.0
5.3
4.2
4.0
31
|311
[314
13143
|3144
|316
1317
38.6
43.9
37.4
36.9
38.1
38.7
37.8
38.6
43.7
37.6
37.1
38.5
38.1
38.3
38.1
42.7
37.0
36.7
38.6
37.8
37.7
37.1
42.7
36.0
36.2
37.1
35.3
36.3
38.7
2.5
6.1
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.6
2.1
2.3
6.0
1.5
1.7
1.1
1.7
1.9
2.0
5.8
1.2
.9
1.9
2.0
1.5
32.8
32.7
32.4
32.8
32.5
39.9
39.8
39.1
39.5
39.5
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
!29
291
295
i
|
|
|
!
Apr.
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
1987
SIC
Code
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995 p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995 p
$11.70 $11.62 $11.84 $11.91
11.78
11.61
11.83
11.97
11.41
11.49
11.97
11.98
12.33
12.34
12.46
12.40
12.04
11.88
12.27
12.34
13.99
13.81
14.35
14.23
11.34
11.07
11.50
11.41
11.21
11.05
11.41
11.47
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995 p
$512.46 $508.96 $498.46 $482.36
525.39 515.48 502.78 485.98
487.21 494.07 491.97 468.42
540.05 541.73 525.81 507.16
508.09 498.96 511.66 498.54
597.37 585.54 604.14 594.81
474.01 452.76 473.80 460.96
468.58 458.58 468.95 450.77
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
12.13
12.01
13.48
11.29
10.81
11.82
11.61
12.32
12.43
11.89
12.93
9.56
14.80
12.06
11.98
13.53
10.99
10.38
11.67
11.35
12.23
12.36
11.77
12.87
9.59
14.92
12.26
12.06
13.38
11.37
10.95
11.84
11.61
12.48
12.57
12.19
13.03
9.61
15.10
12.21 $12.21
12.14
13.51
11.32
10.86
11.83
11.65
12.35
12.44
12.04
13.13
9.62
14.94
468.22
397.53
500.11
456.12
429.16
486.98
430.73
495.26
497.20
481.55
536.60
379.53
586.08
465.52
394.14
500.61
452.79
419.35
491.31
426.76
491.65
495.64
474.33
518.66
375.93
595.31
470.78
393.16
489.71
459.35
439.10
481.89
429.57
501.70
505.31
493.70
540.75
373.83
594.94
461.54
398.19
491.76
464.12
435.49
498.04
425.23
482.89
483.92
475.58
537.02
371.33
579.67
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
15.14
16.79
17.21
15.40
17.17
13.64
14.78
14.78
12.69
16.25
11.71
11.18
12.99
18.19
17.82
18.40
15.34
14.05
15.04
16.59
17.03
15.30
17.02
13.65
14.78
14.76
12.70
16.46
11.73
11.08
12.96
18.03
17.78
18.21
14.84
13.97
15.43
17.35
17.85
15.86
17.54
13.83
14.90
14.81
12.68
16.06
11.69
11.41
13.13
18.73
18.36
18.94
15.29
14.34
15.72
17.45
17.74
16.23
18.03
14.27
15.35
15.29
12.63
15.73
11.80
11.46
12.96
19.20
18.97
19.40
15.61
14.50
15.53
654.05
745.48
753.80
679.14
776.08
590.61
610.41
605.98
524.10
689.00
475.43
460.62
561.17
825.83
819.72
833.52
697.97
609.77
648.22
734.94
747.62
667.08
764.20
584.22
604.50
599.26
525.78
689.67
480.93
458.71
562.46
814.96
798.32
823.09
679.67
603.50
668.12
777.28
790.76
694.67
789.30
604.37
624.31
616.10
518.61
668.10
468.77
467.81
565.90
850.34
851.90
856.09
695.70
628.09
680.68
807.94
817.81
740.09
814.96
684.96
626.28
617.72
503.94
632.35
463.74
460.69
543.02
883.20
885.90
888.52
713.38
620.60
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
19.07
21.08
14.08
18.94
20.87
13.89
19.38
21.42
13.76
19.55
21.62
14.06
18.83
846.71
933.84
636.42
854.19
941.24
634.77
841.09
936.05
590.30
858.25
966.41
594.74
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
10.70
17.74
7.81
10.95
11.21
10.231
10.01
10.70
17.95
7.79
10.89
11.13
10.17
9.97
10.80
17.22
8.24
10.93
11.27
10.39
10.13
10.78
17.06
8.33
10.85
11.12
10.27
10.17
10.90
451.54
791.20
315.52
464.28
493.24
428.64
421.42
453.68
800.57
309.26
461.74
486.38
426.12
421.73
451.44
785.23
328.78
468.90
497.01
434.30
418.37
433.36
728.46
314.87
432.92
452.58
402.58
408.83
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
7.98
10.65
7.48
8.02
6.95
7.89
7.26
7.97
10.48
7.49
8.02
6.97
7.85
7.19
8.13
10.99
7.60
8.14
7.06
7.97
7.51
8.33
11.46
7.74
8.32
7.12
8.25
7.46
8.31
308.03
467.54
279.75
295.94
264.80
305.34
274.43
307.64
457.98
281.62
297.54
268.35
299.09
275.38
309.75
469.27
281.20
298.74
272.52
301.27
283.13
309.04
489.34
278.64
301.18
264.15
291.23
270.80
10.57
10.53
10.84
10.89 $10.85
346.70
344.33
351.22
357.19
13.86
13.76
14.06
14.13
553.01
547.65
549.75,
558.14
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
14.01
See footnotes at end of table.
133
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
4011
46.9
46.5
45.0
41
411
413
34.5
38.3
38.3
34.6
38.3
38.9
33.6
38.1
36.2
33.5
38.6
38.3
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
39.2
39.1
40.0
39.0
38.9
39.3
38.2
38.1
39.2
38.4
38.3
39.2
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
36.5
36.5
36.9
37.3
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
43.5
43.3
43.0
44.4
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
37.4
36.0
36.0
38.9
37.2
35.8
35.8
38.8
37.7
36.9
37.0
38.4
38.6
38.1
38.1
39.1
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
39.6
41.2
41.3
34.6
38.9
39.2
40.7
40.8
34.4
38.4
39.1
40.6
40.6
34.5
38.3
39.4
40.7
40.6
35.3
38.9
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
49
491
492
493
495
42.4
42.4
42.9
42.5
42.6
42.4
42.5
42.5
42.5
42.4
41.7
41.6
41.7
42.0
42.1
42.7
43.1
42.5
42.5
42.7
38.4
38.3
38.0
38.3
May
1995 p
45.3
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
Average overtime hours
Sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment..
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
39.0
38.5
37.3
40.0
39.1
38.3
41.0
38.7
38.8
39.5
37.8
39.0
38.7
37.2
40.1
39.1
38.2
41.0
38.5
38.7
39.5
37.8
38.7
37.9
37.4
39.4
39.0
38.0
40.9
38.4
38.7
39.1
38.4
39.0
38.4
37.7
39.8
39.3
38.0
40.7
38.6
38.9
39.4
38.0
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
37.6
36.5
37.3
36.6
38.5
35.3
39.7
37.9
36.8
36.9
37.5
36.2
37.4
36.1
38.3
35.4
39.3
38.0
36.6
37.3
37.1
35.9
36.9
37.5
37.9
34.1
39.3
37.3
36.6
36.4
37.4
35.8
37.0
37.1
38.4
34.3
39.3
37.6
37.0
36.9
28.9
28.7
28.3
28.9
36.3
38.1
36.3
32.2
33.3
36.2
38.0
36.2
32.2
33.9
35.4
37.2
36.0
31.6
31.9
35.8
37.5
36.1
32.1
32.7
38.1
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
See footnotes at end of table.
134
52
521
523
525
526
28.7
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995 p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
4011
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
$16.76 $16.55
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995 p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$786.04 $769.58 $782.55 $792.30
$17.39 $17.49
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
10.30
10.97
12.99
10.21
10.93
13.00
10.41
11.13
12.15
10.52
11.26
12.23
355.35
420.15
497.52
353.27
418.62
505.70
349.78
424.05
439.83
352.42
434.64
468.41
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
12.63
12.83
10.15
12.52
12.72
10.11
12.77
12.97
10.38
12.78
12.97
10.42
495.10
501.65
406.00
488.28
494.81
397.32
487.81
494.16
406.90
490.75
496.75
408.46
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
17.61
17.43
18.27
18.11
642.77
636.20
674.16
675.50
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
20.04
20.20
20.22
20.56
871.74
874.66
869.46
912.86
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
11.70
10.94
11.01
12.83
11.45
10.57
10.61
12.67
12.40
12.00
12.34
13.18
12.40
11.90
12.19
13.29
437.58
393.84
396.36
499.09
425.94
378.41
379.84
491.60
467.48
442.80
456.58
506.11
478.64
453.39
464.44
519.64
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
15.25
15.93
16.27
14.84
11.74
15.09
15.79
16.1 V|
14.61
11.54
15.48
16.17
16.56
15.00
12.04
15.45
16.131
16.53
15.10
11.971
603.90
656.32
671.95
I 513.46
! 456.69
591.53
642.65
657.29
502.58
443.141
605.27
656.50
672.34
517.50
461.13
608.73
656.49
671.12
533.03
465.63
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
17.27
18.06
16.80
20.77
12.30
17.17
18.00
16.59
20.63
12.16
17.53
18.46
17.05
20.92
12.55
17.70
18.60
17.28
21.07
12.711
732.25
765.74
720.72
882.73
523.98
728.01
765.00
705.08
876.78
515.58
731.00
767.94
710.99
878.64
528.36
755.79
801.66
734.40
895.48
542.72
12.05
12.04
12.25
12.45! $12.32
462.72
461.13
465.50
476.84
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
12.46
10.95
10.96
11.50
15.00
13.13
12.29
12.91
11.77
12.42
9.81
12.45
10.97
10.90
11.40
15.04
13.17
12.30
12.93
11.76
12.36
9.79
12.64
11.11
11.16
11.62
15.11
13.18
12.52
13.17
11.90
12.72
10.03
12.88
11.34
11.35
11.71
15.41
13.41
12.68
13.48
12.16
12.98
10.10
485.94
421.58
408.81
460.00
586.50
502.88
503.89
499.62
456.68
490.59
370.82
485.55
424.54
405.48
457.14
588.06
503.09
504.30
497.81
455.11
488.22
370.06
489.17
421.07
417.38
457.83
589.29
500.84
512.07
505.73
460.53
497.35
385.15
502.32
435.46
427.90
466.06
605.61
509.58
516.08
520.33
473.02
511.41
383.80
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
11.49
11.99
14.14
11.15
11.78
8.61
13.21
10.89
13.14
9.62J
11.46
12.02
14.05
11.23
11.78
8.57
13.25
10.90
13.19
9.49
11.69
12.19
14.50
11.55
12.06
8.85
13.27
10.87
13.07
9.71
11.84
12.45
14.95
11.67
12.20
8.89
13.37
11.07
13.44
9.78
432.02
437.64
527.42
408.09
453.53
303.93
524.44
412.73
483.55
354.98
429.75
435.12
525.47
405.40
451.17
303.38
520.73
414.20
482.75
353.98
433.70
437.62
535.05
433.13
457.07
301.79
521.51
405.45
478.36
353.44
442.82
445.71
553.15
432.96
468.48
304.93
525.44
416.23
497.28
360.88
7.49
7.47
7.63
7.65
7.68J 216.46
214.39
215.93
221.09
8.82
9.11
9.47
7.60
7.81
8.74
9.06
9.44
7.59!
7.60
8.95
9.26
9.63
7.69J
8.06
8.95
9.29
9.65
7.72
7.97
320.17
347.09
343.76
244.72
260.07
316.39
344.28
341.73
244.40
257.64
316.83 320.41
344.47 348.38
346.68 348.37
243.00 247.81
257.111 260.62
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
L
See footnotes at end of table.
135
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
53
531
533
539
29.4
29.5
28.1
29.7
28.9
28.9
28.5
29.1
29.1
29.2
27.0
29.0
54
541
546
29.7
29.9
28.6
29.2
29.3
28.4
29.1
29.2
27.7
29.9
30.1
28.6
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
I559
35.8
37.1
37.8
33.0
34.2
35.9
37.2
37.8
32.9
33.9
35.2
36.7
37.1
32.1
33.5
35.6
36.9
37.7
32.4
34.2
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores .
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
26.2
28.9
23.8
27.2
26.7
i
i
j
i
j
26.2
28.7
24.0
27.1
26.4
25.6
28.6
23.1
26.6
26.0
26.2
29.3
23.7
27.3
26.7
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ....
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ....
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
33.0 j
33.2
34.5
32.5
32.3
27.8
32.8
32.9
34.1
32.3
31.8
28.2
32.5
32.8
33.9
31.6
31.7
25.2
32.6
32.9
34.4
31.9
31.3
26.2
25.3
25.2
24.6
25.2
29.9
28.3
32.0
28.2
34.0
38.6
31.2
32.8
31.5
29.4
27.8
32.4
27.7
33.7
37.5
30.8
32.4
31.4
29.1
28.1
30.9
26.9
32.5
37.9
30.9
32.2
31.7
29.6
28.3
31.6
27.6
32.8
37.5
32.0
32.7
32.2
35.8
35.7
35.5
36.3
35.2
35.1
35.6
34.7
35.8
35.2
35.0
35.4
34.8
35.8
35.0
34.8
35.1
34.6
35.6
May
1995p
29.6
29.7
27.7
29.4
Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .
Average overtime hours
36.2
36.2
36.3
36.1
36.3
Eating and drinking places4
158
i
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
;59
|591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
Finance, insurance, and real estate 5 .
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Credit unions
|60
602
6022
6021,<
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions .
61
614
37.6
38.0
37.6
37.8
37.2
37.4
38.3
38.2
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services .
628
36.8
36.5
35.9
36.6
|63
J631
1632
|6324
|633
37.8
37.5
38.1
37.8
37.7
37.8
37.5
38.0
37.8
37.6
37.8
37.5
38.4
38.2
38.1
38.1
38.1
37.9
37.6
38.0
32.5
32.4
32.2
32.5
34.2
34.2
32.7
34.4
35.3
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Services
Agricultural services
See footnotes at end of table.
136
I
|07
32.2
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average weekly earnings
May
1995 p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995 p
May
1995 p
$218.74 $214.15 $219.12 $222.00
218.89 212.99 219.88 222.75
197.82 198.08 196.29 200.83
238.19 239.20 222.72 224.62
53
531
533
539
$7.44
7.42
7.04
8.02
$7.41
7.37
6.95
8.22
$7.53
7.53
7.27
7.68
$7.50
7.50
7.25
7.64
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
7.94
8.03
7.05
7.94
8.02
7.04
8.09
8.17
7.19
8.06
8.14
7.33
235.82
240.10
201.63
231.85
234.99
199.94
235.42
238.56
199.16
240.99
245.01
209.64
Automotive dealers and service stations ...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
559
10.09
12.67
8.47
6.79
11.07
10.14
12.77
8.46
6.78
10.68
10.17
12.61
8.64
6.88
11.54
10.39
13.03
8.73
6.90
11.33
361.22
470.06
320.17
224.07
378.59
364.03
475.04
319.79
223.06
362.05
357.98
462.79
320.54
220.85
386.59
369.88
480.81
329.12
223.56
387.49
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
7.17
8.52
6.80
6.96
7.44
7.16
8.49
6.84
6.89
7.43
7.46
8.81
7.02
7.39
7.57
7.49
8.97
7.00
7.37
7.73
187.85
246.23
161.84
189.31
198.65
187.59
243.66
164.16
186.72
196.15
190.98
251.97
162.16
196.57
196.82
196.24
262.82
165.90
201.20
206.39
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
9.86
9.65
9.89
10.16
10.28
6.02
9.79
9.58
9.69
10.12
10.18
6.13
10.00
9.69
9.83
10.47
10.42
6.32
10.18
9.80
10.00
10.79
10.83
6.35
325.38
320.38
341.21
330.20
332.04
167.36
321.11
315.18
330.43
326.88
323.72
172.87
325.00
317.83
333.24
330.85
330.31
159.26
331.87
322.42
344.00
344.20
338.98
166.37
Eating and drinking places4
58
5.47
5.43
5.53
5.53
138.39
136.84
136.04
139.36
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
8.19
8.44
6.88
7.50
8.83
11.44
8.38
10.50
8.70
8.18
8.39
6.82
7.54
8.79
11.23
8.39
10.52
8.73
8.41
8.79
7.13
7.72
8.97
11.60
8.52
10.93
8.81
8.42
8.81
7.08
7.70
9.06
11.59
8.56
10.93
8.98
244.88
238.85
220.16
211.50
300.22
441.58
261.46
344.40
274.05
240.49
233.24
220.97
208.86
296.22
421.13
258.41
340.85
274.12
244.73
247.00
220.32
207.67
291.53
439.64
263.27
351.95
279.28
249.23
249.32
223.73
212.52
297.17
434.63
273.92
357.41
289.16
11.83
11.81
12.21
12.32 $12.25
423.51
421.62
433.46
447.22 $432.43
9.37
8.95
8.77
9.08
9.32
9.32
8.90
8.67
9.06
9.33
9.61
9.18
9.01
9.31
9.47
9.62
9.16
9.03
9.26
9.61
329.82
314.15
312.21
315.08
333.66
328.06
311.50
306.92
315.29
334.01
336.35
319.46
316.25
322.13
337.13
348.24
331.59
327.79
334.29
348.84
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
12.44
10.07
12.59
10.02
12.23
10.16
12.54
10.39
467.74
382.66
473.38
378.76
454.96
379.98
480.28
396.90
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
16.23
15.96
17.27
17.46
597.26
582.54
619.99
639.04
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
13.97
13.33
13.45
13.79
14.79
13.87
13.24
13.23
13.55
14.82
14.66
14.31
13.89
14.20
15.36
14.77
14.28
14.01
14.33
15.61
528.07
499.88
512.45
521.26
557.58
524.29
496.50
502.74
512.19
557.23
554.15
536.63
533.38
542.44
585.22
562.74
544.07
530.98
538.81
593.18
11.05
10.99
11.36
11.40
359.13
356.08
365.79
370.50
8.59
8.49
8.84
8.801
293.78
290.361
289.07! 302.72
Services
Agricultural services
07
11.36
365.79
See footnotes at end of table.
137
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
074
078
28.8
36.5
28.9
36.4
28.8
34.6
29.5
36.4
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
701
31.0
30.9
30.3
31.0
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
33.7
28.4
25.3
33.7
28.6
25.9
33.6
28.2
24.7
33.9
28.6
26.0
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
73
731
33.1
36.8
33.1
36.9
33.1
36.1
32.7
36.9
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
37.8
28.7
37.6
27.8
39.1
38.0
40.6
38.9
37.7
28.6
37.9
27.7
38.9
37.8
40.3
38.7
37.4
28.8
37.7
28.0
38.8
38.6
39.7
38.6
37.7
28.9
38.1
28.0
39.1
39.3
38.9
39.1
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
31.8
37.8
37.8
38.1
36.5
39.5
33.5
34.0
36.0
31.9
37.7
38.1
38.0
35.9
39.2
33.5
34.6
36.1
32.1
37.4
37.8
37.5
36.1
39.6
32.9
33.6
36.1
30.6
38.1
38.8
38.1
36.2
39.2
33.2
34.3
35.7
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
36.3
36.7
36.2
33.5
38.3
37.6
37.9
31.3
29.0
36.2
36.8
36.1
33.5
38.4
37.8
37.9
30.5
28.1
35.7
36.2
36.1
32.9
37.9
37.2
37.4
30.8
28.6
35.9
36.3
36.4
33.4
38.2
37.3
37.9
30.5
28.0
Miscellaneous repair services
76
38.2
38.2
38.0
37.7
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
29.3
38.7
22.7
28.5
38.7
22.7
30.5
38.2
22.2
30.8
37.8
22.5
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
26.8
24.6
26.8
18.7
28.9
26.4
24.9
26.3
18.5
28.5
25.9
24.9
25.5
18.5
27.6
26.9
24.7
26.9
18.9
28.7
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners .
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
32.8
32.4
28.1
29.9
32.3
31.7
34.6
32.7
32.3
28.0
30.1
32.0
31.3
34.6
32.7
32.2
27.8
29.9
31.9
31.2
34.7
32.9
32.5
28.2
30.3
32.6
31.8
34.6
See footnotes at end of table.
138
Average overtime hours
May
1995 p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Apr.
1995p
Mar.
1995
074
078
$8.46
8.69
$8.40
8.57
$8.67
8.97
$8.76
8.85
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels"
701
7.74
7.69
7.88
7.87
239.94
237.62
238.76
243.97
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops"
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
7.33
8.13
7.42
7.32
7.99
6.90
7.44
8.43
6.65
7.47
8.56
6.75
247.02
230.89
187.73
246.68
228.51
178.71
249.98
237.73
164.26
253.23
244.82
175.50
73
731
10.31
15.60
10.25
15.51
10.57
15.75
10.71
16.17
341.26
574.08
339.28 349.87
572.32 i 568.58
350.22
596.67
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
9.96
7.45
9.74
7.17
10.89
10.44
14.36
9.92
9.94
7.43
9.66
7.15
10.76
10.36
14.13
9.84
10.05
7.38
9.47
7.13
11.07
10.37
14.45
10.18
10.21
7.47
9.74
7.18
11.07
10.29
14.53
10.19
376.49
213.82
366.22
199.33
425.80
396.72
583.02
385.89
374.74 i
212.50
366.11
198.06
418.56
391.61
569.44
380.81
375.87
212.54
357.02
199.64
429.52
400.28
573.67
392.95
384.92
215.88
371.09
201.04
432.84
404.40
565.22
398.43
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
8.39
17.14
19.83
18.06
14.51
13.92
8.90
6.99
10.92
8.34
16.95
19.50
17.85
14.24
13.74
8.81
6.94
10.68
8.80
17.42
20.38
18.59
14.43
14.34
8.98
7.00
10.86
8.81
17.69
20.59
18.91
14.75
14.40
8.98
7.01
10.81
266.80
647.89
749.57
688.09
529.62
549.84
298.15
237.66
393.12
266.05
639.02
742.95
678.30
511.22
538.61
295.14
240.12
385.55
282.48
651.51
770.36
697.13
520.92
567.86
295.44
235.20
392.05
269.59
673.99
798.89
720.47
533.95
564.48
298.14
240.44
385.92
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
9.58
9.42
8.51
6.96
10.66
11.25
10.67
7.12
6.22
9.53
9.38
8.50
6.87
10.59
11.16
10.53
7.10
6.18
9.81
9.63
8.61
7.24
10.97
11.49
10.99
7.24
6.27
9.86
9.64
8.60
7.30
10.99
11.55
11.01
7.28
6.28
347.751
345.71
308.06
233.16!
408.28 J
423.00
404.39
222.86
180.38
344.99
345.18
306.85
230.15
406.66
421.85
399.09
216.55
173.66
350.22
348.61
310.82
238.20
415.76
427.43
411.03
222.99
179.32
353.97
349.93
313.04
243.82
419.82
430.82
417.28
222.04
175.84
Miscellaneous repair services
76
11.30
11.24
11.52
11.49
431.66
429.37
437.76I 433.17
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
14.00
20.22
5.72
14.28
21.18
5.72
15.10
19.68
5.76
15.03
19.44
5.77
410.20
782.51
129.84
406.98
819.67
129.84
460.55
751.78
127.87
462.92
734.83
129.83
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
8.51
6.69
7.96
7.97
8.15
8.64
6.63
8.14
7.99
8.27
9.11
6.64
8.46
8.23
8.60
8.99
6.72
8.33
8.19
8.54
228.07
164.57
213.33
149.04
235.54
228.10
165.09
214.08
147.82
235.70
235.95
165.34
215.73
152.26
237.36
241.83
165.98
224.08
154.79
245.10
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
12.10
12.24
11.97
10.83
8.49
7.84
13.83
12.01
12.17
11.91
10.74
8.42
7.75
13.68
12.36
12.36
12.25
11.18
8.70
8.15
14.18
12.36
12.40
12.34
11.30
8.72
8.19i
14.18
396.88 j
396.58
336.36
323.82
274.23
248.53
478.52
392.73
393.09
333.48
323.271
269.44 j
242.58!
473.33-
404.17
397.99
340.55
334.28
277.53
254.28
492.05
May
1995p
406.641
403.00
347.99
342.39
284.27
260.44
490.63 j
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
$243.65 $242.76 $249.70 $258.42
317.19 311.95 310.36 322.14
i
See footnotes at end of table.
139
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
808
28.2
27.9
28.5
29.1
Legal services
81
34.7
34.6
34.4
35.3
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
31.1
31.8
30.8
29.5
31.9
31.5
31.0
31.7
30.6
29.4
31.7
31.9
30.9
31.2
31.1
29.4
31.6
31.5
31.5
31.8
31.6
29.8
32.4
31.9
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
35.1
35.2
34.6
35.3
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
37.2
39.0
39.2
38.5
38.5
37.0
36.2
38.8
29.3
36.3
35.8
34.8
36.0
32.3
37.5
39.0
39.1
38.3
38.5
39.3
36.3
38.7
29.7
36.4
35.4
33.9
35.9
31.6
37.2
38.5
38.8
37.8
37.5
38.7
35.6
38.6
28.4
35.8
35.9
35.1
35.5
33.5
37.8
38.8
38.9
38.2
38.2
40.1
36.1
39.5
28.7
36.4
36.4
35.0
36.0
34.8
Services, nee
89
39.0 S
40.2
37.3
37.8
I
I
See footnotes at end of table.
140
Average overtime hours
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$10.67
$10.67
$10.84
$10.85
81
15.57
15.37
15.90
16.12
540.28
531.80
546.96
569.04
|83
832
J833
J835
1836
!839
8.12
8.64
8.00
6.83
8.30
9.40
8.05
8.58
7.91
6.78
8.24
9.24
8.28
8.76
8.19
7.02
8.48
9.66
8.34
8.84
8.27
7.04
8.51
9.80
252.53
274.75
246.40
201.49
264.77
296.10
249.55
271.99
242.05
199.33
261.21
294.76
255.85
273.31
254.71
206.39
267.97
304.29
262.71
281.11
261.33
209.79
275.72
312.62
862
15.52
15.35
15.83
15.93
544.75
540.32 i 547.72
562.33
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
J8731
J8732
I8733
874
8741
8742
8743
15.35
16.62
17.29
15.15
11.86
13.38
16.33
18.67
12.07
18.00
14.32
13.01
16.65
13.60
15.23
16.60
17.25
15.19
11.86
13.07
16.38
18.75
12.12
18.10
14.26
12.91
15.56
17.11
17.81
15.48
12.14
13.60
16.33
18.68
12.19
18.12
14.58
13.31
16.95
13.81
15.79
17.26
17.98
15.67
12.13
14.01
16.66
19.13
12.58
18.32
14.75
13.50
17.14
14.16
571.02
648.18
677.77
583.28
456.61
495.06
591.15|
724.40!
353.65
653.40
512.66
452.75
599.40
439.28
571.13
647.40
674.48
581.78
456.61
513.65
594.59
725.63
359.96
658.841
504.80]
437.65 i
597.741
429.76
578.83
658.74
691.03
585.14
455.25
526.32
581.35J
721.05;
346.20!
648.70!
523.42
467.18
601.73
462.64
596.86
669.69
699.42
598.59
463.37
561.80
601.43
755.64
361.05
666.85
536.90
472.50
617.04
492.77
Services, nee
|89
14.60
14.04
15.16
15.27
569.40
564.41!
565.471
577.21 i
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services .
Legal services
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations .
1
808
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
16.65J
13.601
May
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
$300.89; $297.69 $308.94 $315.74
!
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994
benchmarks and may differ from data previously published. See the article
in this issue for additional information.
5
141
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earning series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to
escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace
companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's
series by definition take account of traditional wage rate
changes, they do not capture "lump-sum payments to
workers in lieu of general wage increases" which were
negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace
industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earnings
series for sic 3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum
payments. These series, beginning in October 1983, the
effective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreement
using lump-sum payments, were published in the June
1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table B-15a along with the
average hourly earnings series produced as part of the
Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation
of the methodology used to derive these series appears in
the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$19.50
$19.31
$19.88
$19.75
$18.29
$17.89
$18.47
$18.28
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
19.57
19.35
19.96
19.83
18.37
17.97
18.51
18.34
preliminary.
142
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
$11.42
$11.39
$11.63
$11.77
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
11.96
9.34
9.16
11.37
13.34
11.26
12.24
10.95
15.41
12.01
9.30
11.93
9.24
9.10
11.31
13.26
11.26
12.20
10.92
15.34
11.99
9.25
12.14
9.47
9.36
11.55
13.45
11.41
12.37
11.02
15.57
12.12
9.55
12.25
9.53
9.51
11.75
13.92
11.54
12.46
11.08
15.66
12.27
9.66
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
10.69
10.06
18.24
8.64
7.14
12.94
11.63
14.31
17.78
10.14
7.74
10.67
10.10
18.90
8.60
7.10
12.88
11.56
14.23
17.73
10.13
7.74
10.93
10.33
19.46
8.83
7.33
13.27
11.77
14.59
18.11
10.28
7.93
11.11
10.43
19.15
8.97
7.48
13.51
11.79
14.89
18.29
10.36
8.16
Industry
Manufacturing
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March
1994 benchmarks and may differ from data previously published.
See the article in this issue for additional information.
143
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
$11.13
7.41
$11.07
7.41
$11.36
7.40
$11.41
7.40
$11.39
$386.21 $381.92 $389.65 $391.36 $390.68
256.96 255.81 253.84 253.96
(2)
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.89
9.91
14.96
10.02
15.24
9.93
15.29
9.92
$15.24
665.58
442.83
665.72
445.89
670.56
436.85
675.82
438.56
$675.13
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.72
9.79
14.52
9.73
14.84
9.67
14.88
9.66
$14.98
572.61
380.98
557.57
373.46
565.40
368.34
560.98
364.04
$576.73
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.06
8.02
12.01
8.04
12.25
7.98
12.29
7.98
$12.27
506.52
337.01
504.42
337.86
510.83
332.79
496.52
322.21
$509.21
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.86
9.22
13.76
9.22
14.06
9.16
14.13
9.17
$14.01
553.01
367.94
547.65
366.81
549.75
358.14
558.14
362.19
$553.40
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars .
12.05
8.02
12.04
8.06
12.25
7.98
12.45
8.08
$12.32
462.72
307.86
461.13
308.86
465.50
303.26
476.84
309.44
$469.39
Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars .
7.49
4.98
7.47
5.00
7.63
4.97
7.65
4.96
$7.68
216.46
144.02
214.39
143.60
215.93
140.67
221.09
143.47
$220.42
11.83
7.87
11.81
7.91
12.21
7.95
12.32
7.99
$12.25
423.51
281.78
421.62
282.40
433.46
282.38
447.22
290.21
$432.43
11.05
7.35
10.99
7.36
11.36
7.40
11.40
7.40
$11.36
359.13
238.94
356.08
238.50
365.79
238.30
370.50
240.43
$365.79
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
(2)
f)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(?)
Avg.
1994
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
May
1995p
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
O
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
144
(2)
(2)
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Data
in this table have been revised to reflect March 1994 benchmarks
and may differ from data previously published. See the article in this
issue for additional information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
42.1
42.2
42.0
41.9
43.0
42.8
Alaska
37.1
Apr.
1995^
Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
41.1
41.4
42.4
$10.68
11.45
13.10
$11.11
11.94
13.16
57.2
40.7
12.10
Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
$11.13
11.86
13.51
$449.63
483.19
550.20
$465.51
513.42
563.25
9.56
11.51
448.91
546.83
Arizona
42.2
42.0
41.3
11.22
11.28
11.14
473.48
473.76
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
42.2
41.1
41.8
43.3
43.0
41.1
40.6
40.9
41.6
41.2
39.9
41.7
39.2
39.9
38.8
9.54
9.43
9.50
10.41
10.85
9.89
9.46
9.78
10.58
11.26
9.90
9.33
9.63
10.63
10.52
402.59
387.57
397.10
450.75
466.55
406.48
384.08
400.00
440.13
463.91
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
41.2
40.9
40.4
42.0
40.2
41.1
40.8
41.2
40.1
39.6
39.9
39.6
41.2
40.1
39.6
41.4
37.6
41.0
41.3
40.8
41.1
42.3
39.3
42.2
41.7
41.0
39.6
37.8
40.2
40.1
41.6
40.6
39.0
41.4
39.1
41.4
40.4
40.8
40.6
41.3
39.9
41.5
40.1
40.0
40.0
39.5
39.3
39.3
42.2
40.6
39.6
40.5
39.1
40.4
12.41
12.73
10.72
11.67
11.94
15.12
12.53
11.42
12.92
12.99
12.39
13.75
14.95
13.01
13.58
12.36
14.27
11.73
12.50
13.26
10.76
11.76
12.63
15.63
12.50
11.28
13.19
13.36
12.46
13.95
15.40
12.60
14.10
12.49
14.86
12.24
12.53
13.35
10.86
11.82
12.56
15.68
12.55
11.31
13.46
13.19
12.47
14.01
15.27
12.86
13.99
12.42
15.01
12.11
511.29
520.66
433.09
490.14
479.99
621.43
511.22
470.50
518.09
514.40
494.36
544.50
615.94
521.70
537.77
511.70
536.55
480.93
516.25
541.01
442.24
497.45
496.36
659.59
521.25
462.48
522.32
505.01
500.89
559.40
640.64
511.56
549.90
517.09
581.03
506.74
Colorado
Denver
41.2
41.3
40.8
40.7
39.9
39.8
12.18
12.48
12.59
12.70
12.44
12.54
501.82
515.42
513.67
516.89
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
42.9
42.5
43.7
42.5
42.6
43.9
42.8
43.3
43.3
42.8
42.6
43.4
41.9
43.6
41.8
43.2
41.0
41.2
41.3
40.7
39.2
42.3
40.2
41.7
13.46
13.95
12.90
14.20
12.75
13.93
12.66
12.07
13.63
14.07
13.35
13.89
12.87
14.24
13.37
12.51
13.70
14.08
13.43
14.11
12.75
14.42
13.19
12.56
577.43
592.88
563.73
603.50
543.15
611.53
541.85
522.63
590.18
602.20
568.71
602.83
539.25
620.86
558.87
540.43
Delaware
Wilmington-Newark
43.1
44.6
41.5
42.5
39.4
39.7
13.94
16.18
14.49
16.81
14.22
16.50
600.81
721.63
601.34
714.43
41.4
41.7
40.5
9.93
9.99
10.07
411.10
416.58
42.3
41.3
45.4
42.2
41.9
44.5
41.0
41.7
45.3
10.28
11.37
13.21
10.51
11.50
13.89
10.59
11.57
13.93
434.84
469.58
599.73
443.52
481.85
618.11
38.4
37.7
36.7
38.2
36.2
38.5
12.25
12.60
12.75
13.05
13.02
13.32
470.40
475.02
467.93
498.51
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
39.6
39.6
39.1
39.7
11.95
11.76
11.88
473.22
459.82
42.0
43.0
40.3
42.0
41.1
43.4
44.1
42.7
42.1
41.1
42.0
42.3
42.1
42.5
43.3
42.2
41.1
40.6
42.2
41.3
40.7
40.4
41.9
41.4
41.4
42.3
41.6
40.0
42.0
40.7
12.20
16.20
10.42
12.13
13.95
15.16
13.22
15.12
13.46
11.64
12.48
16.76
10.67
12.41
14.46
14.80
13.68
15.00
13.99
11.77
12.55
16.91
10.73
12.49
14.38
14.88
13.59
15.08
14.15
11.77
512.40
696.60
419.93
509.46
573.35
657.94
583.00
645.62
566.67
478.40
524.16
708.95
449.21
527.43
626.12
624.56
562.25
609.00
590.38
486.10
43.5
40.9
40.7
45.7
44.0
42.2
39.6
39.2
43.1
42.4
39.4
39.9
37.4
39.1
39.3
13.62
12.25
11.58
13.36
13.72
13.56
11.85
11.52
13.69
13.79
13.81
11.77
11.44
13.84
13.15
592.47
501.03
471.31
610.55
603.68
572.23
469.26
451.58
590.04
584.70
See footnotes at end of table.
145
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
44.5
43.7
49.6
39.7
46.5
43.0
41.7
38.8
43.5
46.7
43.6
42.7
42.3
42.3
42.2
40.8
41.3
40.8
41.7
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995p
37.4
41.5
44.4
39.7
42.4
39.2
40.4
$17.83
14.95
18.48
14.71
15.06
12.51
13.35
$17.68
15.02
19.55
14.26
15.03
12.53
13.41
42.2
40.7
42.2
41.0
43.2
40.9
39.4
40.1
39.6
39.9
12.46
15.15
12.95
13.03
10.24
41.6
42.3
40.6
41.5
40.8
41.3
40.7
39.9
41.2
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
41.4
42.1
42.6
41.5
42.2
42.7
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
43.6
43.2
44.7
44.7
Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
Apr.
1994
Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
$19.59
15.14
19.80
14.42
15.40
12.25
13.60
$793.44
653.32
916.61
583.99
700.29
537.93
556.70
$685.98
653.37
912.99
621.74
641.78
530.02
567.24
12.60
15.15
13.02
13.20
10.55
12.60
14.79
13.12
13.33
10.45
525.81
618.12
534.84
531.62
427.01
531.72
616.61
549.44
541.20
455.76
12.02
13.62
13.53
12.42
14.35
14.34
12.37
14.45
14.38
500.03
576.13
549.32
515.43
585.48
592.24
40.4
41.0
41.8
11.72
12.69
13.75
12.20
13.23
14.19
12.22
13.18
13.98
485.21
534.25
585.75
506.30
558.31
605.91
43.1
44.1
43.2
41.8
42.1
42.9
43.0
41.5
13.12
15.44
13.40
14.19
13.43
15.69
14.14
14.07
13.73
16.94
14.26
14.01
572.03
667.01
598.98
634.29
578.83
691.93
610.85
588.13
40.8
42.8
39.5
39.9
38.9
38.7
39.7
38.7
38.5
11.78
9.32
10.60
12.15
9.95
11.01
12.22
10.39
11.02
480.62
398.90
418.70
484.79
387.05
426.09
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
41.6
41.9
41.6
42.0
40.6
40.7
13.00
13.58
13.41
13.81
13.49
13.90
540.80
569.00
557.86
580.02
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
41.6
41.2
41.7
41.2
42.0
41.6
41.8
42.1
41.3
41.2
41.1
41.7
12.52
13.27
12.22
12.02
12.68
13.39
12.39
12.30
12.71
13.49
12.42
12.28
520.83
546.72
509.57
495.22
532.56
557.02
517.90
517.83
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
44.6
45.6
46.5
48.1
42.6
43.1
44.9
45.6
46.0
45.1
45.4
46.4
48.3
42.2
43.4
44.9
46.8
47.7
42.3
41.2
43.8
45.6
40.4
39.9
41.3
42.5
44.5
16.21
16.56
17.32
21.76
13.19
11.51
14.97
18.08
18.34
16.30
16.80
17.50
21.75
13.56
12.12
14.68
18.19
18.49
16.15
16.37
17.46
21.05
13.61
12.21
15.02
17.13
18.25
722.97
755.14
805.38
1046.66
561.89
496.08
672.15
824.45
843.64
735.13
762.72
812.00
1050.52
572.23
526.01
659.13
851.29
881.97
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
41.5
39.1
41.6
39.6
41.9
41.0
42.0
40.9
41.6
39.0
41.4
40.2
12.51
11.80
13.25
11.44
12.78
11.84
13.73
12.23
12.81
12.15
13.72
11.96
519.17
461.38
551.20
453.02
535.48
485.44
576.66
500.21
Mississippi
Jackson
42.0
42.4
41.0
41.5
39.6
39.0
9.43
10.18
9.66
10.30
9.59
10.25
396.06
431.63
396.06
427.45
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
41.8
42.7
43.8
40.5
40.9
42.7
42.2
40.2
39.3
41.7
40.0
38.5
11.76
13.88
13.49
10.08
11.98
14.13
14.22
10.06
12.16
14.27
14.46
9.97
491.57
592.68
590.86
408.24
489.98
603.35
600.08
404.41
Montana
39.2
39.0
39.5
12.19
12.47
12.96
477.85
486.33
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
41.6
40.4
42.1
41.3
41.8
41.3
40.0
40.4
38.6
10.82
12.64
11.45
11.28
12.56
11.93
11.10
12.22
11.96
450.11
510.66
482.05
465.86
525.01
492.71
Nevada
Las Vegas
40.9
38.9
41.5
40.5
40.4
40.0
11.69
13.28
12.34
14.06
12.72
14.36
478.12
516.59
512.11
569.43
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
41.7
41.8
40.2
40.9
42.1
41.9
41.1
39.7
41.2
43.1
40.6
38.6
11.66
11.49
15.48
11.05
11.79
11.98
14.62
11.53
11.86
11.37
14.59
12.04
486.22
480.28
622.30
451.95
496.36
501.96
600.88
457.74
Indiana-Continued
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
See footnotes at end of table.
146
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
New Jersey
41.7
41.9
New Mexico
Albuquerque
41.5
41.0
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
41.0
$13.31
$13.57
40.2
40.7
38.3
38.4
10.03
10.38
41.1
40.6
41.6
43.4
38.7
42.8
40.7
38.5
38.0
41.5
42.8
44.7
43.0
42.1
41.2
41.2
40.1
42.2
43.7
40.0
43.7
40.1
38.8
38.2
41.4
42.7
43.6
43.3
40.6
42.6
39.8
39.4
40.2
42.2
39.5
41.5
39.1
37.6
37.1
39.6
41.2
43.3
42.6
39.3
40.5
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
41.1
40.8
41.5
40.5
41.2
40.4
40.9
40.2
40.0
41.0
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
40.4
42.4
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
$13.55
$555.03
$568.58
$555.55
10.65
10.90
10.90
11.17
416.25
425.58
428.13
443.63
417.47
428.93
12.09
13.55
9.76
15.16
11.78
10.88
11.44
10.94
10.66
10.85
13.78
13.98
12.78
10.93
12.00
12.41
13.86
10.23
15.69
11.66
11.47
11.57
11.20
10.87
10.65
14.10
14.26
13.46
11.10
12.79
12.46
14.18
10.17
15.43
11.74
11.60
11.59
11.27
10.96
10.50
14.32
14.28
13.63
10.96
12.70
496.90
550.13
406.02
657.94
455.89
465.66
465.61
421.19
405.08
450.28
589.78
624.91
549.54
460.15
494.40
511.29
555.79
431.71
685.65
466.40
501.24
463.96
434.56
415.23
440.91
602.07
621.74
582.82
450.66
544.85
495.91
558.69
408.83
651.15
463.73
481.40
453.17
423.75
406.62
415.80
589.98
618.32
580.64
430.73
514.35
39.5
39.2
40.0
39.3
40.3
10.10
9.92
10.68
10.56
10.82
10.43
9.89
11.07
10.78
11.26
10.48
9.87
11.08
10.80
11.27
415.11
404.74
443.22
427.68
445.78
421.37
404.50
445.01
431.20
461.66
413.96
386.90
443.20
424.44
454.18
41.1
39.7
40.9
39.3
10.04
9.58
10.73
10.15
10.99
10.11
405.62
406.19
441.00
402.96
449.49
397.32
43.8
43.3
41.9
43.4
43.7
41.9
45.1
45.6
44.0
44.4
41.9
45.9
44.9
43.7
43.1
41.6
44.1
43.9
43.0
45.6
45.3
44.7
44.3
43.9
44.9
44.9
42.3
41.7
41.0
43.0
42.2
41.7
44.1
44.8
44.1
42.5
44.3
42.8
43.7
14.38
12.43
12.69
13.11
14.17
13.35
15.88
15.81
15.40
14.65
16.10
15.82
16.48
14.37
11.82
12.70
13.75
14.00
13.20
15.99
16.05
15.52
14.72
16.73
16.17
15.61
14.22
11.81
12.61
13.70
13.89
13.10
15.63
16.04
15.37
14.31
16.66
15.89
15.53
629.84
538.22
531.71
568.97
619.23
559.37
716.19
720.94
677.60
650.46
674.59
726.14
739.95
627.97
509.44
528.32
606.38
614.60
567.60
729.14
727.07
693.74
652.10
734.45
726.03
700.89
601.51
492.48
517.01
589.10
586.16
546.27
689.28
718.59
677.82
608.18
738.04
680.09
678.66
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
43.3
43.5
41.7
41.9
42.5
42.2
40.3
41.6
40.4
11.70
13.39
12.01
11.41
12.42
11.89
11.55
12.58
12.02
506.61
582.47
500.82
478.08
527.85
501.76
465.47
523.33
485.61
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
40.0
39.3
41.0
40.1
39.2
40.0
40.0
40.2
40.9
38.5
40.2
41.7
42.2
40.4
38.1
12.20
12.31
11.68
12.52
10.82
12.69
12.38
11.81
12.80
11.04
12.61
12.45
11.99
12.60
11.18
488.00
483.78
478.88
502.05
424.14
507.60
495.20
474.76
523.52
425.04
506.92
519.17
505.98
509.04
425.96
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
41.5
40.4
41.4
44.5
40.1
41.6
41.1
41.1
42.3
42.2
39.8
45.6
40.5
41.1
42.5
41.2
40.3
40.3
43.5
40.4
40.5
40.4
40.9
43.1
41.4
39.3
42.4
42.7
41.3
42.1
40.4
39.8
39.2
42.2
39.7
40.4
39.5
40.2
42.7
40.4
38.4
39.9
42.5
40.9
40.5
12.39
11.97
10.83
13.17
11.73
9.39
12.37
13.58
13.43
12.74
11.03
12.89
10.26
10.67
12.62
12.64
12.18
10.72
12.76
12.10
9.33
12.66
13.63
13.82
13.31
11.16
12.84
10.88
10.74
12.61
12.62
12.19
10.60
12.53
11.97
9.44
12.57
13.62
13.86
13.09
11.25
12.92
10.87
10.72
12.58
514.19
483.59
448.36
586.07
470.37
390.62
508.41
558.14
568.09
537.63
438.99
587.78
415.53
438.54
536.35
520.77
490.85
432.02
555.06
488.84
377.87
511.46
557.47
595.64
551.03
438.59
544.42
464.58
443.56
530.88
509.85
485.16
415.52
528.77
475.21
381.38
496.52
547.52
591.82
528.84
432.00
515.51
461.98
438.45
509.49
See footnotes at end of table.
147
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
40.7
40.5
40.2
40.0
41.7
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
$10.68
10.98
$418.40
421.20
$422.90
429.60
10.14
10.12
414.50
425.88
9.13
9.32
9.82
9.68
9.42
9.99
9.54
9.56
9.90
387.11
396.10
417.35
402.69
386.22
437.56
39.7
39.1
39.2
38.3
39.0
40.4
10.48
10.02
10.46
10.23
10.79
11.31
10.53
10.65
10.77
10.73
10.99
11.42
10.73
10.78
11.12
10.91
11.09
11.55
428.63
418.84
392.25
405.11
451.02
463.71
428.57
426.00
426.49
416.32
436.30
468.22
42.6
42.5
42.0
44.1
41.9
42.0
41.7
41.0
43.1
40.8
11.08
10.89
12.50
13.40
8.86
11.32
11.07
12.44
13.92
9.22
11.34
11.09
12.42
13.76
9.18
479.76
472.63
533.75
596.30
372.12
482.23
470.48
522.48
613.87
386.32
39.8
41.0
39.4
41.0
39.3
40.7
11.12
11.16
11.55
11.89
11.68
12.06
442.58
457.56
455.07
487.49
Vermont
Burlington
40.6
36.7
40.1
36.3
39.5
36.8
12.00
11.51
12.23
11.71
12.10
11.75
487.20
422.42
490.42
425.07
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
41.5
42.8
39.3
42.4
44.5
40.8
42.5
40.0
41.2
41.2
40.7
42.9
39.8
41.0
42.6
40.0
40.3
40.5
38.5
41.2
38.8
40.4
42.0
39.9
11.24
10.29
10.03
11.30
10.82
11.98
14.35
12.48
11.57
9.96
10.28
11.36
11.30
12.48
14.78
12.73
11.55
10.07
10.08
10.99
11.60
12.31
14.52
12.39
466.46
440.41
394.18
479.12
481.49
488.78
609.88
499.20
476.68
410.35
418.40
487.34
449.74
511.68
629.63
509.20
Washington
40.1
40.8
40.3
14.29
14.54
14.48
573.03
593.23
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
41.2
48.3
43.0
41.3
40.9
41.7
46.0
41.6
43.3
40.8
41.9
46.0
41.7
44.0
40.9
12.58
14.64
14.11
15.23
14.50
12.51
14.09
14.60
15.67
15.18
12.73
15.07
14.69
15.99
15.22
518.30
707.11
606.73
629.00
593.05
521.67
648.14
607.36
678.51
619.34
Wisconsin
42.2
45.0
44.8
41.1
45.8
39.3
41.3
41.9
42.3
41.1
43.2
42.3
42.0
43.3
46.0
43.8
46.2
39.9
39.3
40.8
42.3
39.7
42.6
41.9
41.0
41.9
45.7
42.5
44.3
38.0
37.5
40.3
40.3
37.9
39.6
44.7
12.38
13.64
13.07
13.06
16.41
13.21
10.29
11.68
13.38
12.66
12.38
11.48
12.67
13.88
13.01
13.60
16.70
13.45
10.41
11.87
13.78
13.02
12.41
11.87
12.66
13.66
12.87
13.83
16.87
13.20
10.27
11.53
13.67
13.03
12.35
12.00
522.44
613.80
585.54
536.77
751.58
519.15
424.98
489.39
565.97
520.33
534.82
485.60
532.14
601.00
598.46
595.68
771.54
536.66
409.11
484.30
582.89
516.89
528.67
497.35
j
39.3
39.7
12.37
12.27
12.99
493.56
482.21
j
40.5
37.9
7.18
7.40
7.23
286.48
299.70
38.7
41.5
15.04
16.23
16.36
628.67
628.10
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
39.1
38.3
$10.28
10.40
$10.52
10.74
42.0
41.6
9.94
42.4
42.5
42.5
41.6
41.0
43.8
39.2
40.8
41.0
40.9
41.8
37.5
39.6
41.8
41.0
40.7
40.0
39.6
38.8
39.7
41.0
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
43.3
43.4
42.7
44.5
42.0
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
39.9
Puerto Rico
39.9
Virgin Islands
41.8
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
148
publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1994
benchmarks.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division
1994
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1995
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
NORTHEAST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
39,549 39,550 39,553 39,560 39,565 39,574 39,580 39,580 39,572 39,571 39,566 39,596 39,592
25,203 25,405 25,528 25,410 25,335 25,313 25,250 25,356 25,290 25,400 25,458 25,541 25,293
23,601 23,762 23,859 23,786 23,771 23,743 23,707 23,897 23,756 23,900 23,927 23,972 23,806
1,624
1,564
1,543
1,534
1,644
1,669
1,570
1,459
1,500
1,531
1,603
1,570
1,487
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.5
6.5
6.2
5.8
6.1
5.9
6.0
6.4
6.1
5.9
New England
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
10,232 10,231 10,233 10,236 10,237 10,240
6,935
7,002 6,959
6,951
6,945
6,921
6,527
6,573 6,535
6,573
6,543
6,508
424
429
409
378
402
413
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.4
5.8
6.0
10,242
6,988
6,589
398
5.7
10,241 10,239 10,241 10,240 10,217 10,215
7,000 7,050
7,069
6,999
6,984
6,859
6,623 6,651
6,661
6,621
6,598
6,504
377
400
408
378
386
355
5.4
5.7
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.2
Middle Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
29,317 29,319 29,320 29,324 29,328 29,334 29,338 29,339 29,333 29,330 29,326 29,379 29,377
18,282 18,470 18,526 18,452 18,384 18,369 18,263 18,357 18,239 18,331 18,458 18,557 18,434
17,093 17,235 17,286 17,252 17,198 17,201 17,118 17,275 17,105 17,239 17,306 17,374 17,302
1,200
1,186
1,168
1,240
1,145
1,235
1,082
1,135
1,092
1,190
1,152
1,183
1,133
6.5
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.5
6.3
5.9
6.2
6.0
6.5
6.2
6.4
6.1
SOUTH
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
68,480 68,563 68,648 68,736 68,830 68,923 69,011 69,092 69,160 69,233 69,302 69,334 69,413
45,182 45,029 45,208 45,332 45,535 45,714 45,976 45,847 45,868 45,640 45,883 45,834 45,744
42,485 42,368 42,556 42,726 42,930 43,105 43,428 43,368 43,424 43,427 43,593 43,323 43,281
2,605 2,609
2,652 2,606
2,548 2,479
2,445 2,213
2,697
2,661
2,290
2,512 2,463
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.5
5.3
6.0
5.9
5.4
4.8
5.0
5.5
5.4
South Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
35,436 35,478 35,524 35,570 35,616 35,665 35,712 35,754 35,789 35,827 35,862 35,860 35,901
23,329 23,346 23,334 23,424 23,610 23,640 23,827 23,680 23,629 23,449 23,721 23,673 23,643
21,966 [ 22,045 22,041 22,187 22,296 22,363 22,541 22,455 22,443 22,400 22,665 22,445 22,425
1,237
1,277
1,293
1,314
1,287
1,186
1,363
1,301
1,225
1,048
1,056
1,228
1,217
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.0
5.8
5.2
4.5
4.5
5.2
5.1
East South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
12,089
7,815
7,410
405
5.2
12,103
7,698
7,273
425
5.5
12,115 12,129
7,726 7,772
7,298 7,334
439
428
5.6
5.5
12,145 12,159 12,173 12,185 12,196
7,946
7,913
8,071
8,014
7,809
7,502
7,505
7,665 7,546
7,396
444
408
467
413
406
5.6
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.8
12,206 12,217 12,219) 12,231
7,947 7,863
7,888 7,811
7,555 7,459
7,442 7,363
392
403
446
448
4.9
5.1
5.7
5.7
West South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20,9551 20,982 21,009 21,037 21,069 21,099 21,126 21,153 21,175 21,200 21,223 21,256 21,281
14,038 13,985 14,149 14,136 14,116 14,128 14,236 14,096 14,226 14,245 14,299 14,274 14,290
13,109 13,050 13,217 13,206 13,238 13,239 13,382 13,247 13,434 13,472 13,469 13,436 13,493
935
931
878
930
888
854
931
849
792
773
831
838
798
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.6
6.3
6.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.6
See footnotes at end of table.
149
HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division
1994
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1995
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
MIDWEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
46,135 46,157 46,182 46,211 46,239 46,267 46,291 46,314 46,324 46,341 46,355 46,385
31,906 31,738 31,612 31,754 31,916 32,100 32,188 32,176 32,225 32,280 32,230 32,398
30,346 30,261 29,988 30,147 30,345 30,515 30,693 30,715 30,829 30,880 30,764 30,809
1,607
1,559
1,477
1,623
1,571
1,584
1,495
1,461
1,400
1,396
1,467
1,589
4.9
4.7
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.9
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.9
East North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
32,578 32,593 32,609 32,627 32,646 32,665 32,681 32,696 32,702 32,712 32,721 32,754
22,157 22,031 21,906| 21,953 22,131 22,276 22,302 22,240 22,256 22,312 22,364 22,524
20,935 20,929 20,667 20,747 20,972 21,090 21,218 21,229 21,244 21,319 21,281 21,351
1,084
1,223
1,102
1,239
1,159
1,186
1,011
1,205
1,012
993
1,084
1,173
5.7
5.5
5.0
5.2
5.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.5
4.5
4.8
5.2
West North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13,557 13,564 13,573 13,584 13,593 13,602 13,610 13,618
9,801
9,748 9,708
9,785 9,823
9,885
9,705
9,936
9,400
9,412
9,332 9,321
9,373
9,425
9,475
9,486
401
375
398
337
412
411
384
450
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.5
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.5
13,622 13,629 13,634
9,968
9,969
9,866
9,5861 9,561
9,483
407
383
383
4.1
3.8
3.9
13,631
9,874
9,458
417
4.2
WEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
42,297 42,345 42,395 42,449 42,502 42,559 42,610 42,660 42,697 42,741 42,784 42,834
28,451 28,164 28,347 28,690 28,585 28,644 28,597 28,522 28,448 28,625 28,641 28,789
26,379 26,091 26,284 26,537 26,586] 26,717 26,690 26,649 26,552 26,836 26,825 26,841
1,907
1,999
1,928
1,873
2,071
2,072 2,064 2,153
1,896
1,789
1,817
1,949
7.5
6.7
6.7
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.6
6.7
6.2
6.3
6.8
Mountain
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11,194 11,222 11,251 11,279
7,906
7,749
7,659
7,710
7,457
7,333
7,250
7,298
449
417
409
412
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.3
11,309 11,339 11,368
7,860 7,883 7,905
7,495
7,429
7,461
410
430
422
5.4
5.5
5.2
11,396
7,894
7,510
383
4.9
11,421
7,835
7,476
359
4.6
11,448 11,475
7,986 7,978
7,640 7,606
345
371
4.3
4.7
11,496
7,998
7,595
403
5.0
Pacific
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
31,103 31,123 31,144 31,170 31,193 31,220 31,242 31,264 31,277 31,293 31,309 31,338
20,701 20,505 20,637 20,784 20,726 20,761 20,692 20,628 20,613 20,639 20,664 20,791
19,047 18,842 18,986 19,080 19,156 19,255 19,195 19,139 19,076 19,196 19,218 19,246
1,497
1,569
1,506
1,704
1,663
1,651
1,446
1,443
1,655
1,545
1,490
1,537
7.3
7.6
7.2
8.1
8.2
7.0
8.0
7.0
7.4
8.0
7.2
7.5
1
These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing the
official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area
Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the
various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of
150
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington.
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995
1994
State
Apr.
Civilian labor force ....
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Jan.
Mar.
2,018.6
1,894.2
124.4
6.2
2.022.6
1.899.3
123.3
6.1
2.032.1
1.910.7
121.4
6.0
2,031.5
1,911.4
120.1
5.9
2.036.3
1,916.3
120.0
5.9
2,040.6
1,925.0
115.6
5.7
2,045.2
1,927.8
117.4
5.7
2,054.8
1,943.3
111.5
5.4
2,048.8
1,941.8
107.0
5.2
2,061.8
1,946.7
115.1
5.6
2,064.9
1,942.7
122.3
5.9
2,055.4
1,942.7
112.7
5.5
304.8
280.2
24.6
8.1
305.1
280.6
24.5
8.0
304.4
281.0
23.3
7.7
305.1
281.0
24.1
7.9
305.4
281.8
23.6
7.7
305.0
281.9
23.1
7.6
305.8
282.4
23.4
7.7
305.5
281.9
23.6
7.7
307.4
282.9
24.5
8.0
311.1
287.5
23.6
7.6
305.3
283.1
22.2
7.3
306.0
283.8
22.2
7.2
1,975.7
1,853.0
122.7
6.2
1.978.4
1.852.2
126.1
6.4
1.979.3
1.849.3
130.0
6.6
1,988.3
1,857.3
131.0
6.6
2,005.0
1,872.2
132.8
6.6
2,010.6
1,878.2
132.4
6.6
2,014.7
1,884.1
130.6
6.5
2.018.2
1,891.2
127.0
6.3
2,023.4
1,898.5
124.9
6.2
2,030.4
1,923.0
107.4
5.3
2,044.8
1.948.8
96.0
4.7
2,062.1
1,958.6
103.4
5.0
1,196.9
1,130.9
65.9
5.5
1.202.4
1.135.7
66.7
5.5
1,208.4
1,141.5
66.8
5.5
1,212.7
1,146.5
66.1
5.5
1,216.0
1.151.1
64.9
5.3
1,218.3
1,155.6
62.6
5.1
1,221.9
1,159.1
62.8
5.1
1,224.6
1.162.3
62.2
5.1
1,227.2
1,165.1
62.1
5.1
1,224.5
1,158.5
66.0
5.4
1,227.6
1,158.7
68.8
5.6
1,226.6
1,165.4
61.2
5.0
15,503.5
14,065.0
1,438.5
9.3
15.517.3
14.199.4
1,317.9
8.5
15.268.5
13,974.6
1.293.9
8.5
15,331.0
13,989.1
1,341.9
8.6
15,409.4
14,071.3
1,338.1
8.7
15,455.5
14,175.1
1,280.4
8.3
15,586.4
14,365.8
1,220.6
7.8
15,489.4
14,275.1
1,214.3
7.8
15,431.6
14,246.5
1,185.1
7.7
15,371.0
14,109.7
1,261.3
8.2
15,331.6
14,209.3
1,122.3
7.3
15,307.1
14,140.2
1,166.8
7.6
1,967.2
1.878.6
88.6
4.5
1,976.5
1,889.6
86.9
4.4
1,985.4
1,900.8
64.5
4.3
2,001.6
1,918.0
83.6
4.2
2,017.8
1,933.9
83.9
4.2
2,025.7
1,944.3
81.4
4.0
2,036.3
1,957.4
78.8
3.9
2,041.3
1,964.4
76.9
3.8
2,046.0
1,973.1
72.9
3.6
2,070.9
1,995.0
76.0
3.7
2.074.7
2,010.3
64.4
3.1
2,085.4
2,012.5
72.9
3.5
1,730.6
1.635.1
95.5
5.5
1,726.3
1,631.1
95.3
5.5
1,723.1
1,628.6
94.5
5.5
1,720.2
1,627.3
92.9
5.4
1,721.2
1,626.9
94.3
5.5
1,721.4
1,625.8
95.6
5.6
1,719.6
1,624.8
94.8
5.5
1,718.6
1,624.6
94.0
5.5
1,716.1
1,623.3
92.8
5.4
1,753.9
1,661.7
92.2
5.3
1,759.3
1,662.9
96.4
5.5
1,746.9
1,654.0
92.9
5.3
383.9
363.7
20.2
5.3
384.3
364.6
19.7
5.1
364.8
366.0
18.8
4.9
385.0
366.2
18.7
4.9
384.7
367.0
17.7
4.6
384.0
366.4
17.7
4.6
384.4
366.9
17.5
4.5
385.0
367.4
17.7
4.6
384.9
367.7
17.2
4.5
381.7
365.8
15.9
4.2
383.9
369.9
14.0
3.6
387.3
374.0
13.3
3.4
315.1
290.0
25.1
8.0
314.6
289.0
25.6
8.1
315.1
288.7
26.4
8.4
317.0
290.0
27.0
8.5
314.6
288.6
26.1
8.3
314.0
288.4
25.6
8.1
315.1
289.7
25.4
8.1
317.6
291.4
26.1
8.2
313.8
287.6
26.2
8.3
308.8
284.9
23.9
7.8
312.5
287.8
24.7
7.9
309.8
284.9
24.9
8.0
6,793.1
6.303.0
490.1
7.2
6.810.8
6.344.5
466.3
6.8
6,794.3
6,365.4
428.9
6.3
6,776.2
6,350.9
425.3
6.3
6,779.3
6,390.9
388.4
5.7
6,872.7
6,426.6
446.1
6.5
6,881.5
6,433.9
447.6
6.5
6,947.6
6,480.1
467.5
6.7
6,935.4
6,492.0
443.4
6.4
6,859.7
6,459.9
399.8
5.8
6.762.1
6,461.1
301.0
4.5
6,809.4
6,512.6
296.7
4.4
Alai
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
151
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1995
State
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
3,544.0
3,360.0
184.0
5.2
3,551.8
3,365.6
186.2
5.2
3,563.1
3,377.7
185.4
5.2
3,575.1
3,378.8
196.4
5.5
3,576.3
3,392.0
184.3
5.2
583.4
549.5
34.0
5.8
583.3
548.4
34.9
6.0
582.3
547.1
35.3
6.1
583.8
545.7
38.1
6.5
587.1
556.5
30.6
5.2
589.2
557.8
31.4
5.3
590.5
558.7
31.9
5.4
6,042.2
5,699.0
343.2
5.7
6,023.7
5,676.9
346.8
5.8
3,025.4
2,874.4
151.0
5.0
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
3,586.1
3,402.2
183.9
5.1
3,597.4
3.413.0
184.3
5.1
3,608.3
3,428.9
179.4
5.0
3,608.6
3,431.6
177.1
4.9
3,611.1
3,451.2
159.9
4.4
3,618.8
3,455.3
163.5
4.5
3,626.5
3,467.3
159.2
4.4
583.5
545.4
38.1
6.5
584.0
546.5
37.5
6.4
584.3
546.9
37.4
6.4
583.8
547.6
36.2
6.2
582.7
547.6
35.1
6.0
582.0
549.3
32.7
5.6
576.9
548.2
28.7
5.0
583.1
553.1
30.0
5.1
591.6
559.4
32.3
5.5
591.1
559.8
31.3
5.3
594.4
560.6
33.8
5.7
596.4
561.0
35.4
5.9
598.3
562.4
35.9
6.0
600.0
563.0
37.1
6.2
599.8
567.6
32.2
5.4
597.7
563.9
33.8
5.6
600.7
569.5
31.2
5.2
6,011.4
5,705.2
306.2
5.1
5,973.1
5,633.0
340.1
5.7
5,978.5
5,644.5
334.0
5.6
5,958.9
5,629.9
329.0
5.5
6.016.1
5,661.0
355.1
5.9
5,991.4
5,684.1
307.3
5.1
5,969.0
5,687.9
281.1
4.7
6,015.2
5,697.3
317.9
5.3
6,111.3
5,789.9
321.4
5.3
6,114.5
5,845.7
268.8
4.4
3,041.9
2,891.5
150.5
4.9
3,039.7
2,890.0
149.8
4.9
3,037.1
2,880.0
157.1
5.2
3,044.8
2,891.2
153.6
5.0
3,081.1
2,928.9
152.2
4.9
3,102.6
2.951.9
150.8
4.9
3,128.2
2,982.9
145.3
4.6
3,149.6
3,008.0
141.6
4.5
3,171.1
3,042.8
128.2
4.0
3,142.6
3,014.7
127.8
4.1
3,135.0
2,997.7
137.3
4.4
1,559.1
1,502.4
56.7
3.6
1,567.5
1,509.7
57.8
3.7
1,571.4
1,513.6
57.8
3.7
1,569.6
1,513.2
56.4
3.6
1,567.5
1,510.0
57.5
3.7
1,569.9
1,511.8
58.1
3.7
1,562.8
1,506.0
56.8
3.6
1,562.0
1,505.6
56.4
3.6
1,555.8
1.499.8
56.1
3.6
1,573.2
1,521.1
52.1
3.3
1,558.9
1,506.3
52.6
3.4
1,569.2
1,517.1
52.1
3.3
1,327.7
1,257.1
70.6
5.3
1,328.1
1,258.9
69.2
5.2
1,330.2
1,260.1
70.0
5.3
1,327.7
1,257.2
70.5
5.3
1,332.6
1.261.7
70.9
5.3
1,334.0
1.263.4
70.6
5.3
1,335.8
1,265.5
70.3
5.3
1,338.4
1,268.6
69.7
5.2
1,336.9
1,267.1
69.9
5.2
1,356.8
1,293.8
63.0
4.6
1,358.3
1,298.1
60.2
4.4
1,355.7
1,295.9
59.8
4.4
1,807.3
1,708.6
98.7
5.5
1,815.5
1,717.6
97.9
5.4
1,817.7
1,719.7
98.0
5.4
1,829.2
1,729.4
99.8
5.5
1,833.4
1,737.6
95.8
5.2
1,838.5
1,742.6
95.9
5.2
1,844.6
1,749.4
95.1
5.2
1,846.7
1,754.5
92.2
5.0
1,853.5
1,762.3
91.2
4.9
1,872.3
1,782.2
90.0
4.8
1,888.8
1.800.2
88.6
4.7
1,865.9
1,777.8
88.1
4.7
1,923.4
1,767.9
155.5
8.1
1,930.9
1,774.9
156.0
8.1
1,929.9
1,773.8
156.2
8.1
1,941.6
1,785.3
156.3
8.0
1,952.3
1,794.8
157.5
8.1
1,955.8
1,798.3
157.5
8.1
1,958.5
1,798.7
159.8
8.2
1,961.7
1,803.3
158.4
8.1
1,959.2
1,803.8
155.4
7.9
1,978.9
1,846.1
132.8
6.7
1,981.3
1,845.5
135.8
6.9
1,996.3
1,850.0
146.4
7.3
614.6
568.2
46.4
7.6
609.6
567.1
42.5
7.0
610.1
566.3
43.8
7.2
609.9
565.6
44.3
7.3
609.2
564.7
44.5
7.3
608.7
564.3
44.4
7.3
609.1
564.8
44.4
7.3
608.8
566.1
42.8
7.0
609.2
567.1
42.1
6.9
619.7
584.9
34.8
5.6
623.4
588.9
34.5
5.5
621.5
587.3
34.2
5.5
Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
152
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
State
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
2,690.8
2,554.1
136.7
5.1
2,694.2
2,558.0
136.3
5.1
2,696.5
2,561.5
135.0
5.0
2,703.9
2,569.4
134.6
5.0
2,709.0
2,577.0
131.9
4.9
2,711.2
2,581.1
130.1
4.8
2,712.7
2,582.8
129.9
4.8
2,708.2
2,576.3
132.0
4.9
2,702.5
2,572.1
130.4
4.8
2,703.6
2,572.1
131.6
4.9
3,169.5
2,984.4
185.1
5.8
3,170.6
2,981.7
188.9
6.0
3,204.7
3,014.0
190.7
6.0
3,184.3
2,997.5
186.8
5.9
3,194.9
3,018.8
176.1
5.5
3,201.0
2,997.5
203.5
6.4
3,180.8
3,005.4
175.4
5.5
3,193.6
3,014.1
179.5
5.6
3,221.1
3,027.5
193.6
6.0
3,202.3
3,030.2
172.1
5.4
3,181.7
3.035.4
146.3
4.6
4,801.1
4,516.6
284.5
5.9
4,748.6
4,470.7
277.9
5.9
4,724.4
4,459.4
265.0
5.6
4,726.6
4,451.7
274.9
5.8
4,715.8
4,431.6
284.2
6.0
4,772.1
4,512.7
259.4
5.4
4,779.2
4,535.3
243.9
5.1
4,741.6
4,516.7
224.9
4.7
4,719.6
4,503.8
215.8
4.6
4,721.2
4,462.7
258.6
5.5
4,720.2
4,457.0
263.3
5.6
4,734.5
4,449.4
285.2
6.0
2,541.1
2,437.9
103.2
4.1
2,566.7
2,463.8
102.9
4.0
2,559.4
2,457.1
102.3
4.0
2,558.9
2,457.4
101.5
4.0
2,576.5
2,475.1
101.3
3.9
2,584.4
2,482.6
101.7
3.9
2,596.5
2,494.8
101.7
3.9
2,600.9
2,504.7
96.3
3.7
2,613.6
2,516.9
96.7
3.7
2,637.4
2,545.4
92.0
3.5
2,646.2
2,552.7
93.5
3.5
2,619.9
2,532.4
87.5
3.3
1,247.0
1,164.5
82.5
6.6
1,252.1
1,169.8
82.4
6.6
1,257.8
1,174.8
83.1
6.6
1,261.4
1,178.8
82.7
6.6
1,264.1
1,181.8
82.3
6.5
1,261.3
1,180.8
80.5
6.4
1,266.6
1,181.4
85.2
6.7
1,266.3
1,178.1
88.3
7.0
1,269.3
1,183.2
86.1
6.8
1,266.8
1,192.7
74.1
5.8
1,254.1
1,190.9
63.2
5.0
1,245.7
1,181.9
63.8
5.1
2,677.3
2,541.2
136.1
5.1
2,680.0
2.547.7
132.3
4.9
2,686.1
2,559.6
126.5
4.7
2,692.0
2,567.9
124.1
4.6
2,699.4
2,575.7
123.7
4.6
2,709.1
2,586.8
122.2
4.5
2,721.1
2,599.1
122.0
4.5
2,728.0
2,607.5
120.5
4.4
2,736.5
2,614.7
121.9
4.5
2,768.5
2.652.6
115.9
4.2
2,781.4
2,659.2
122.2
4.4
2,782.2
2,649.6
132.6
4.8
434.7
412.8
21.9
5.0
435.4
413.9
21.5
4.9
435.6
414.5
21.1
4.9
437.8
416.3
21.4
4.9
439.7
418.0
21.7
4.9
439.7
417.7
22.0
5.0
440.9
419.0
21.8
5.0
442.9
421.1
21.8
4.9
442.2
419.9
22.3
5.0
441.5
419.8
21.7
4.9
442.7
417.9
24.8
5.6
441.3
419.5
21.8
4.9
873.6
849.3
24.3
2.8
874.9
850.2
24.7
2.8
875.3
850.0
25.4
2.9
875.7
850.7
25.0
2.9
875.6
850.6
25.0
2.9
877.7
851.9
25.8
2.9
878.3
852.4
25.9
2.9
880.9
855.5
25.4
2.9
879.6
853.4
26.2
3.0
876.0
855.9
20.1
2.3
881.0
861.5
19.4
2.2
883.7
866.2
17.6
2.0
772.1
724.2
47.9
6.2
774.3
726.7
47.6
6.2
777.2
729.6
47.6
6.1
780.3
733.1
47.1
6.0
784.4
736.7
47.7
6.1
786.8
739.4
47.5
6.0
789.0
741.4
47.6
6.0
791.4
743.8
47.6
6.0
792.7
745.9
46.8
5.9
789.3
743.9
45.4
5.7
789.9
743.3
46.5
5.9
789.4
745.0
44.3
5.6
626.1
596.0
30.2
4.8
625.4
595.7
29.7
4.8
628.4
599.1
29.2
4.6
629.8
601.1
28.7
4.6
629.8
602.1
27.7
4.4
630.1
603.1
27.1
4.3
630.9
604.4
26.6
4.2
632.8
606.8
26.0
4.1
630.8
604.6
26.1
4.1
637.7
611.6
26.1
4.1
641.6
615.5
26.0
4.1
641.2
612.2
29.0
4.5
Apr.
May
2,676.0
2,540.2
135.9
5.1
2,684.6
2,545.9
138.7
5.2
3,151.6
2,960.8
190.8
6.1
Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
153
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
3,946.4
3,663.6
282.8
7.2
3,904.3
3,634.2
270.1
6.9
3,972.6
3,695.0
277.6
7.0
4,007.4
3,745.0
262.4
6.5
4,032.4
3,781.1
251.3
6.2
4,041.9
3,774.1
267.8
6.6
4,039.7
3,769.1
270.6
6.7
4,008.6
3,748.1
260.5
6.5
3,999.2
3,750.1
249.1
6.2
4,009.0
3,719.7
289.3
7.2
4,005.7
3,761.9
243.9
6.1
4,026.3
3,791.3
235.0
5.8
764.3
715.2
49.1
6.4
765.9
717.0
48.9
6.4
766.8
719.9
46.9
6.1
769.5
722.9
46.6
6.1
770.4
724.5
45.9
6.0
773.5
727.7
45.8
5.9
777.0
731.1
45.9
5.9
779.3
733.6
45.7
5.9
782.0
736.1
45.9
5.9
791.1
744.3
46.8
5.9
791.9
745.7
46.2
5.8
793.1
745.3
47.8
6.0
8,589.4
7,916.9
672.5
7.8
8,494.3
7,939.0
555.3
6.5
8,564.2
7,962.8
601.4
7.0
8,642.7
8,038.7
604.0
7.0
8,580.0
7,993.2
586.8
6.8
8,550.6
8,012.1
538.5
6.3
8,559.3
8,007.5
551.8
6.4
8,540.6
8,004.8
535.8
6.3
8,565.3
8,079.9
485.4
5.7
8,438.1
7,933.7
504.4
6.0
8,521.5
7,998.1
523.5
6.1
8,478.8
7,920.8
558.0
6.6
3,591.5
3,444.7
146.8
4.1
3,589.0
3,439.8
149.2
4.2
3,577.7
3,438.9
138.8
3.9
3,584.7
3,421.2
163.5
4.6
3,625.7
3,446.5
179.2
4.9
3,646.1
3,468.7
177.4
4.9
3,635.4
3,464.5
170.9
4.7
3,655.1
3,505.6
149.5
4.1
3,680.9
3,555.7
125.2
3.4
3,655.0
3,515.4
139.5
3.8
3,646.2
3,477.7
168.5
4.6
3,665.4
3,521.6
143.9
3.9
336.6
323.8
12.8
3.8
336.8
323.9
12.8
3.8
337.1
324.0
13.2
3.9
337.5
324.3
13.2
3.9
337.4
324.6
12.8
3.8
336.9
324.4
12.5
3.7
336.7
324.3
12.4
3.7
335.8
324.5
11.3
3.4
336.6
324.1
12.4
3.7
334.7
322.4
12.3
3.7
332.3
320.9
11.4
3.4
332.3
321.2
11.0
3.3
5,527.6
5,184.0
343.6
6.2
5,573.4
5,216.0
357.4
6.4
5,531.9
5,220.9
311.0
5.6
5,480.5
5,168.2
312.3
5.7
5,472.0
5,176.7
295.3
5.4
5,515.6
5,220.2
295.4
5.4
5,544.6
5,268.8
275.8
5.0
5,570.0
5,304.6
265.4
4.8
5,572.2
5,321.8
250.4
4.5
5,494.5
5,274.3
220.3
4.0
5,567.7
5,343.9
223.9
4.0
5,533.2
5,324.8
208.4
3.8
1,537.7
1,445.7
92.0
6.0
1,540.3
1,448.6
91.7
6.0
1,538.2
1,448.0
90.1
5.9
1,544.6
1,455.5
89.1
5.8
1,542.4
1,453.2
89.2
5.8
1,543.1
1,454.8
88.2
5.7
1,546.0
1,457.1
88.9
5.7
1,548.2
1,460.1
88.1
5.7
1,545.9
1,459.8
86.1
5.6
1,548.1
1,468.7
79.3
5.1
1,551.5
1,472.0
79.5
5.1
1,552.6
1,471.8
80.8
5.2
1,634.3
1,543.4
90.9
5.6
1,643.3
1,552.5
90.8
5.5
1,648.5
1,558.9
89.7
5.4
1,653.5
1,567.0
86.5
5.2
1,656.6
1,570.0
86.6
5.2
1,655.9
1,570.7
85.2
5.1
1,652.2
1,567.6
84.5
5.1
1,649.8
1,566.4
83.3
5.1
1,642.1
1,560.8
81.3
4.9
1,655.2
1,571.5
83.6
5.1
1,660.9
1,578.1
82.8
5.0
1,670.4
1,593.4
77.0
4.6
5,864.3
5,480.3
384.0
6.5
5,883.5
5,519.4
364.1
6.2
5,933.2
5,577.2
356.0
6.0
5,876.2
5,502.3
373.9
6.4
5,839.2
5,477.4
361.8
6.2
5,791.4
5,411.9
379.5
6.6
5,769.5
5,424.2
345.3
6.0
5,713.5
5,365.1
348.4
6.1
5,792.0
5,444.6
347.4
6.0
5,792.3
5,451.5
340.8
5.9
5,803.7
5,478.8
324.9
5.6
5,953.4
5,594.1
359.3
6.0
507.0
471.8
35.2
6.9
506.1
470.3
35.9
7.1
506.7
470.7
36.0
7.1
505.9
469.5
36.5
7.2
506.0
469.6
36.4
7.2
503.8
468.1
35.8
7.1
502.4
467.4
35.0
7.0
501.2
467.1
34.1
6.8
499.1
466.2
32.8
6.6
504.4
471.2
33.2
6.6
502.4
471.0
31.4
6.3
501.8
470.5
31.3
6.2
New Jersey1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
154
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
State
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
1.827.2
1,712.8
114.4
6.3
1,827.8
1,715.6
112.2
6.1
1,829.7
1,719.0
110.7
6.1
1,832.3
1,723.0
109.3
6.0
1,835.3
1.727.2
108.1
5.9
1,835.5
1,731.1
104.4
5.7
1,832.7
1,732.5
100.2
5.5
1,836.3
1,737.7
98.6
5.4
1,844.3
1,750.3
93.9
5.1
1,845.0
1,757.4
87.6
4.7
372.7
360.7
12.0
3.2
374.2
362.2
12.1
3.2
375.2
363.3
11.9
3.2
375.7
364.0
11.8
3.1
376.4
364.5
11.9
3.2
377.3
365.4
11.8
3.1
378.0
366.3
11.7
3.1
378.2
366.5
11.7
3.1
380.0
367.7
12.3
3.2
379.5
368.2
11.3
3.0
379.6
368.6
11.0
2.9
2,637.0
2,506.0
131.0
5.0
2,650.9
2,520.9
130.0
4.9
2,669.5
2,539.2
130.2
4.9
2,685.3
2.554.9
130.4
4.9
2,690.8
2,563.2
127.6
4.7
2,696.8
2,575.1
121.7
4.5
2,704.9
2,585.4
119.5
4.4
2,721.0
2,604.7
116.3
4.3
2,706.7
2,598.2
108.5
4.0
2,648.9
2,542.1
106.8
4.0
2.651.2
2.542.5
108.8
4.1
2,654.8
2,548.2
106.7
4.0
9,359.7
8,753.7
606.0
6.5
9,374.8
8,748.3
626.5
6.7
9,406.0
8,782.5
623.5
6.6
9,473.4
8,841.6
631.8
6.7
9,406.9
8,792.9
614.0
6.5
9,340.1
8,754.1
586.0
6.3
9,398.0
8,836.4
561.6
6.0
9,474.1
8,936.6
537.5
5.7
9,437.3
8,868.6
568.7
6.0
9,463.5
8,918.9
544.6
5.8
9,511.6
9,030.3
481.2
5.1
9,482.0
8,944.8
537.2
5.7
965.1
929.9
35.2
3.6
969.2
933.3
35.9
3.7
973.0
936.7
36.3
3.7
977.2
940.2
37.0
3.8
981.1
943.9
37.2
3.8
984.6
947.3
37.2
3.8
987.1
950.0
37.2
3.8
990.0
952.6
37.4
3.8
993.5
956.4
37.1
3.7
984.8
949.0
35.8
3.6
990.6
952.4
38.2
3.9
982.4
952.1
30.3
3.1
320.6
305.5
15.1
4.7
320.4
305.3
15.1
4.7
319.5
304.6
14.9
4.7
319.2
304.4
14.8
4.6
319.2
304.1
15.1
4.7
319.7
304.9
14.9
4.7
319.8
305.2
14.6
4.6
319.8
305.5
14.3
4.5
319.6
305.5
14.0
4.4
322.8
309.1
13.7
4.3
322.7
308.9
13.9
4.3
326.6
312.8
13.8
4.2
3,414.3
3,248.5
165.9
4.9
3,413.3
3,246.1
167.2
4.9
3,415.3
3,246.6
168.6
4.9
3,421.8
3,251.0
170.8
5.0
3,434.0
3.263.4
170.6
5.0
3,438.6
3,270.6
168.1
4.9
3.443.5
3,276.5
166.9
4.8
3,450.3
3,286.0
164.3
4.8
3.456.4
3,292.1
164.4
4.8
3,516.6
3,355.6
161.0
4.6
3,515.5
3,368.4
147.2
4.2
3.534.2
3,384.3
149.8
4.2
2,701.2
2,520.3
180.9
6.7
2,696.5
2,516.8
179.7
6.7
2,698.7
2,523.5
175.2
6.5
2,696.2
2,525.9
170.3
6.3
2,703.8
2,535.0
168.8
6.2
2,705.3
2,538.7
166.6
6.2
2,709.3
2,544.0
165.3
6.1
2,715.7
2,551.0
164.7
6.1
2,718.7
2,556.3
162.4
6.0
2,754.8
2,599.9
154.9
5.6
2,759.0
2,594.5
164.5
6.0
2,773.8
2,608.3
165.5
6.0
785.6
714.2
71.3
9.1
792.5
722.5
70.0
8.8
785.3
715.7
69.6
8.9
781.8
713.9
67.9
8.7
785.2
718.1
67.1
8.5
783.3
719.0
64.3
8.2
786.1
720.6
65.4
8.3
795.4
730.3
65.1
8.2
789.8
724.3
65.6
8.3
790.7
728.7
62.1
7.8
791.1
726.5
64.6
8.2
788.7
732.7
56.0
7.1
2,789.1
2,657.7
131.3
4.7
2,790.0
2,660.6
129.4
4.6
2,794.6
2,664.7
129.9
4.6
2,801.0
2,669.1
131.9
4.7
2.800.3
2,669.2
131.0
4.7
2.803.9
2,672.9
131.0
4.7
2,801.7
2,671.0
130.8
4.7
2,802.2
2,672.0
130.2
4.6
2,799.9
2,668.6
131.3
4.7
2,812.3
2,701.5
110.8
3.9
2,810.5
2,707.9
102.6
3.7
2,809.0
2,696.2
112.8
4.0
247.4
234.2
13.2
5.3
248.1
235.0
13.1
5.3
249.1
235.9
13.2
5.3
249.7
236.7
13.0
5.2
250.3
237.6
12.7
5.1
250.3
237.9
12.4
5.0
250.8
238.2
12.6
5.0
251.3
238.9
12.4
4.9
252.1
239.6
12.5
5.0
253.0
242.0
11.0
4.3
253.5
242.8
10.7
4.2
254.0
243.5
10.5
4.1
Apr.
May
1,823.3
1,702.1
121.2
6.6
1,824.4
1.706.5
117.9
6.5
371.8
359.7
12.0
3.2
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor.force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See the
Explanatory Notes for Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. Effective
with the release of data for April 1995, estimates incorporate minor corrections to the
population levels.
155
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
2,016.9
430.2
161.6
247.9
149.6
75.1
2,040.3
439.3
160.0
253.5
151.7
76.1
2,066.6
442.8
162.2
257.4
153.7
77.2
119.4
18.4
8.4
15.2
6.9
3.5
104.6
16.1
6.5
14.1
6.9
3.2
300.2
134.4
300.3
134.3
306.9
137.6
25.7
8.4
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
1,959.6
1,254.7
343.9
2,046.3
1,311.4
368.0
2,074.4
1,324.7
375.4
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,199.1
128.5
93.8
285.7
37.1
1,216.8
134.3
93.9
293.1
37.5
15,419.3
264.2
418.8
4,392.5
196.2
1,134.1
1,334.5
1,268.1
701.8
174.2
1,230.3
904.1
854.0
199.3
224.9
242.5
231.8
386.0
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
113.4
17.3
7.2
14.9
7.4
3.5
5.9
4.3
5.2
6.1
4.6
4.7
5.1
3.7
4.0
5.5
4.5
4.2
5.5
3.9
4.5
5.8
4.8
4.6
24.5
7.8
22.0
7.3
8.5
6.3
8.2
5.8
7.2
5.3
111.3
56.9
13.9
95.5
46.9
12.8
103.5
48.5
13.2
5.7
4.5
4.1
4.7
3.6
3.5
5.0
3.7
3.5
1,223.3
135.6
93.8
293.8
37.6
68.0
3.5
5.4
12.6
3.2
63.3
3.5
5.6
10.6
2.9
62.7
3.7
4.9
10.6
2.9
5.7
2.7
5.7
4.4
8.7
5.2
2.6
5.9
3.6
7.8
5.1
2.7
5.2
3.6
7.8
15,250.7
255.5
402.4
4,331.0
190.0
1,120.6
1,326.0
1,271.0
701.3
173.6
1,213.1
896.6
841.2
195.2
226.8
237.7
231.6
381.9
15,264.0
260.1
414.4
4,341.0
193.9
1,124.8
1,314.5
1,262.3
697.4
172.9
1,203.8
895.4
835.1
194.1
226.3
239.8
234.1
383.6
1,405.1
40.1
62.8
433.4
34.0
74.2
82.5
124.1
53.8
22.8
92.6
54.0
58.1
14.6
14.7
32.5
18.2
28.3
1,183.7
36.8
62.1
348.0
29.6
61.7
62.4
96.4
46.1
26.2
72.1
43.9
43.8
13.5
13.9
29.1
17.0
22.8
1,183.7
36.0
62.5
296.0
32.6
69.1
70.2
106.9
49.1
22.4
80.0
49.2
47.7
13.4
14.4
31.5
18.0
24.4
9.1
15.2
15.0
9.9
17.3
6.5
6.2
9.8
7.7
13.1
7.5
6.0
6.8
7.3
6.5
13.4
7.9
7.3
7.8
14.4
15.4
8.0
15.6
5.5
4.7
7.6
6.6
15.1
5.9
4.9
5.2
6.9
6.1
12.3
7.3
6.0
7.8
13.9
15.1
6.8
16.8
6.1
5.3
8.5
7.0
12.9
6.6
5.5
5.7
6.9
6.4
13.1
7.7
6.4
1,927.0
149.8
987.3
2,048.9
163.1
1,036.2
2,044.7
162.8
1,035.4
80.2
5.2
37.2
78.7
5.7
35.7
73.9
4.9
31.9
4.2
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.1
1,715.0
221.4
109.2
598.8
272.1
147.8
183.8
115.0
1,737.6
223.7
111.6
608.2
272.8
150.1
185.6
117.4
1,739.2
220.6
109.5
595.8
300.2
147.8
182.8
115.4
91.9
13.4
4.5
34.5
14.2
7.4
6.5
7.6
93.5
13.4
4.4
35.5
13.9
7.7
7.2
7.6
85.8
12.4
3.8
32.4
13.0
7.0
6.7
6.9
5.4
6.1
4.1
5.8
5.2
5.0
3.5
6.6
5.4
6.0
3.9
5.8
5.1
5.1
3.9
6.5
4.9
5.6
3.5
5.4
4.3
4.7
3.7
6.0
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
381.6
67.8
286.3
384.3
68.7
288.6
381.5
68.1
286.4
19.0
3.9
14.0
14.8
3.2
11.2
14.5
3.0
11.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.9
4.6
3.9
3.8
4.3
3.9
District of Columbia
Washington
314.8
2,568.3
307.6
2,612.6
288.1
2,596.6
23.9
95.8
24.6
100.8
22.9
97.3
7.6
3.7
8.0
3.9
7.9
3.7
Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,726.7
186.1
699.6
166.1
99.1
483.6
196.9
205.6
1,027.0
737.0
164.9
226.0
138.4
1,069.4
450.8
6,781.4
192.0
713.2
168.3
103.1
487.0
197.2
204.3
1,012.9
757.9
164.7
233.0
140.8
1,081.3
452.5
6,878.2
192.5
724.9
169.4
103.7
498.0
200.2
207.4
1,026.1
768.1
168.2
236.1
142.5
1,094.6
456.1
458.8
11.7
48.1
8.8
3.9
27.0
15.3
16.3
85.4
45.6
9.0
11.5
6.1
64.2
38.1
285.6
7.5
31.6
5.8
2.7
16.3
9.0
10.0
54.4
28.6
6.1
7.3
3.9
39.5
22.5
361.7
9.3
40.4
7.1
3.3
21.1
11.6
12.4
69.8
36.0
7.5
9.0
5.2
49.4
28.6
6.8
6.3
6.9
5.3
3.9
5.6
7.8
7.9
8.3
6.2
5.4
5.1
4.4
6.0
8.5
4.2
3.9
4.4
3.4
2.6
3.3
4.6
4.9
5.4
3.8
3.7
3.1
2.8
3.6
5.0
5.3
4.9
5.6
4.2
3.2
4.2
5.8
6.0
6.8
4.7
4.5
3.8
3.7
4.5
6.3
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California1
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
See footnotes at end of table.
156
Apr.
1994
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
3,519.8
53.3
65.7
1,824.4
199.6
111.4
140.5
125.0
3,620.9
53.7
69.2
1,895.1
202.0
112.9
142.8
127.0
3,612.2
53.5
68.6
1,890.2
201.7
112.8
142.3
126.4
169.5
3.7
2.6
80.4
11.5
6.4
6.9
6.7
164.0
3.1
2.4
77.0
10.5
5.6
6.9
6.5
Hawaii
Honolulu
582.8
425.1
580.9
424.3
590.0
430.7
33.8
19.6
Idaho
Boise City
581.5
190.1
593.7
200.1
600.3
198.6
Illinois1
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
5,983.8
77.4
93.4
3,951.6
178.2
59.0
50.6
173.9
184.2
104.5
6,065.2
80.4
94.4
4,017.4
179.3
59.6
51.6
174.7
184.9
105.4
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
3,024.5
61.4
92.5
155.1
256.5
299.9
795.2
51.3
86.8
65.5
134.5
75.0
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995?
154.6
2.9
2.1
74.8
10.1
5.5
6.3
6.2
4.8
6.8
3.9
4.4
5.8
5.7
4.9
5.3
4.5
5.7
3.5
4.1
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
4.3
5.4
3.1
4.0
5.0
4.9
4.4
4.9
28.9
16.7
30.5
17.9
5.8
4.6
5.0
3.9
5.2
4.1
33.2
7.3
37.1
8.7
33.1
8.0
5.7
3.8
6.2
4.3
5.5
4.0
6,159.9
81.9
94.8
4,074.3
179.6
61.0
51.9
178.2
187.9
107.4
335.6
2.8
3.5
216.0
8.7
4.4
3.4
8.5
10.7
4.4
293.8
2.5
2.9
188.0
8.1
3.9
3.3
7.3
8.5
4.3
344.6
3.1
3.3
222.1
8.5
4.7
3.9
8.4
9.7
5.2
5.6
3.7
3.8
5.5
4.9
7.4
6.8
4.9
5.8
4.2
4.8
3.2
3.1
4.7
4.5
6.6
6.5
4.2
4.6
4.1
5.6
3.8
3.5
5.5
4.7
7.7
7.4
4.7
5.2
4.8
3,109.3
64.0
98.3
155.7
263.4
300.9
816.0
52.1
89.5
68.4
133.8
75.8
3,137.1
65.3
99.7
156.5
265.3
302.2
817.4
52.0
90.0
68.5
134.6
76.8
153.6
2.4
3.1
8.3
12.0
19.5
33.8
2.6
3.3
3.8
6.1
5.0
148.6
2.1
3.4
8.4
10.4
19.0
32.3
2.3
3.0
3.4
6.1
4.5
154.2
3.2
4.2
8.3
10.7
20.2
33.7
2.3
3.1
3.4
6.4
4.7
5.1
3.8
3.4
5.3
4.7
6.5
4.2
5.0
3.8
5.8
4.5
6.7
4.8
3.3
3.5
5.4
4.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
4.9
4.6
5.9
4.9
4.8
4.2
5.3
4.0
6.7
4.1
4.5
3.4
4.9
4.8
6.1
1,544.6
104.3
243.9
49.3
65.2
63.6
67.9
1,550.5
105.4
245.0
49.8
64.8
64.1
67.5
1,544.8
105.3
244.0
49.4
64.4
64.2
67.1
56.8
3.8
6.8
1.9
1.5
1.9
3.3
61.3
3.2
7.1
1.7
1.5
1.8
3.2
52.4
3.1
6.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
3.0
3.7
3.6
2.8
3.8
2.2
2.9
4.9
4.0
3.0
2.9
3.5
2.3
2.8
4.8
3.4
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.2
2.7
4.4
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,323.7
49.4
88.6
266.7
1,352.4
51.0
90.2
269.6
1,350.7
50.7
90.7
267.5
68.6
2.5
4.1
16.3
64.3
2.3
4.2
13.8
60.3
2.3
4.2
13.3
5.2
5.0
4.7
6.1
4.8
4.5
4.7
5.1
4.5
4.5
4.6
5.0
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,801.7
232.8
512.8
47.2
1,843.8
242.5
531.1
49.8
1,861.8
245.9
536.4
50.5
97.3
8.8
22.7
2.5
92.6
7.5
23.4
2.5
86.8
7.1
22.3
2.6
5.4
3.8
4.4
5.3
5.0
3.1
4.4
5.1
4.7
2.9
4.2
5.1
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,902.4
55.7
269.9
78.2
157.8
81.4
64.9
589.7
171.5
1,976.0
58.0
287.0
80.4
163.0
86.6
67.4
611.2
179.1
1,979.3
58.2
285.6
81.0
164.8
86.8
67.8
614.0
179.5
142.2
3.8
18.7
5.2
10.6
6.3
4.5
41.1
12.4
140.2
3.8
18.2
5.0
10.8
6.2
4.4
39.3
12.9
139.1
3.8
18.1
5.2
10.9
6.2
4.3
40.1
12.4
7.5
6.8
6.9
6.7
6.7
7.7
7.0
7.0
7.2
7.1
6.6
6.4
6.2
6.6
7.1
6.6
6.4
7.2
7.0
6.5
6.3
6.5
6.6
7.2
6.3
6.5
6.9
609.5
48.8
115.9
617.2
50.0
119.9
617.4
49.3
117.8
51.1
4.1
6.5
43.9
3.2
5.3
40.7
2.9
4.9
8.4
8.5
5.6
7.1
6.4
4.4
6.6
5.8
4.1
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
Apr.
1995P
See footnotes at end of table.
157
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
Maryland
Baltimore
2,653.1
1,201.6
2,681.1
1,209.7
2,687.2
1,213.2
127.3
68.6
131.5
66.4
Massachusetts1
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,108.4
64.2
1,719.2
121.3
66.8
187.2
149.8
82.5
39.2
280.9
244.9
3,169.6
64.0
1,757.1
124.9
69.4
189.9
150.0
83.5
40.2
284.0
252.8
3,121.5
65.1
1,727.1
123.9
68.5
189.4
148.2
82.2
39.9
280.2
248.4
181.8
5.0
85.2
8.0
4.3
13.2
9.3
8.0
3.4
19.3
12.7
Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,715.9
275.8
81.6
2,120.2
201.7
523.9
73.3
224.8
234.6
192.5
4,672.3
271.5
80.5
2,096.2
201.7
519.3
71.7
221.3
228.6
191.5
4,680.4
270.2
81.0
2,100.8
202.6
524.0
71.9
220.4
229.2
191.5
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,536.7
120.5
1,567.6
63.9
89.3
2.598.2
120.9
1,607.3
63.5
91.3
Mississippi
Jackson
1.235.8
207.5
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
124.1
63.7
4.8
5.7
4.9
5.5
4.6
5.3
164.9
5.2
77.7
7.0
3.8
11.6
8.1
8.2
2.9
16.0
11.9
176.7
4.5
85.9
7.7
4.3
11.6
8.7
8.3
2.9
17.1
12.9
5.8
7.7
5.0
6.6
6.4
7.1
6.2
9.8
8.7
6.9
5.2
5.2
8.1
4.4
5.6
5.5
6.1
5.4
9.9
7.1
5.6
4.7
5.7
6.9
5.0
6.2
6.3
6.1
5.8
10.1
7.2
6.1
5.2
270.2
9.6
4.8
115.7
14.8
23.1
4.5
11.1
9.4
12.5
301.0
10.7
5.2
117.1
14.9
25.9
4.7
13.3
10.9
14.5
261.6
9.4
4.6
104.0
13.9
23.5
4.1
11.2
9.4
12.5
5.7
3.5
5.9
5.5
7.3
4.4
6.2
4.9
4.0
6.5
6.4
3.9
6.5
5.6
7.4
5.0
6.6
6.0
4.8
7.6
5.6
3.5
5.6
5.0
6.8
4.5
5.7
5.1
4.1
6.5
2,599.8
121.2
1,596.1
63.1
92.6
102.1
8.4
49.9
2.2
3.7
97.7
7.1
46.7
1.9
3.9
94.9
7.0
45.4
1.9
3.8
4.0
6.9
3.2
3.5
4.1
3.8
5.9
2.9
3.0
4.3
3.7
5.8
2.8
3.0
4.1
1,243.6
215.4
1,235.1
215.1
76.8
9.1
65.7
7.2
63.4
7.3
6.2
4.4
5.3
3.3
5.1
3.4
2,679.1
887.2
1,273.9
152.7
2,764.8
924.2
1,310.2
162.1
2,804.3
929.2
1,332.4
163.4
128.9
39.3
60.1
5.5
137.3
39.5
59.5
6.1
130.4
38.9
61.7
5.8
4.8
4.4
4.7
3.6
5.0
4.3
4.5
3.7
4.7
4.2
4.6
3.5
Montana
436.2
439.7
440.5
21.1
25.9
22.6
4.8
5.9
5.1
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
871.2
132.2
356.0
878.5
133.1
363.3
885.4
134.6
364.8
22.6
3.5
10.0
20.8
3.0
8.6
20.3
3.4
8.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.3
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
768.2
565.3
160.3
786.5
582.1
163.0
787.2
584.5
162.3
46.1
34.0
8.5
44.2
31.3
9.3
43.6
32.6
8.4
6.0
6.0
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.2
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
621.6
98.8
97.7
121.7
639.1
98.1
99.3
121.6
636.8
97.8
99.2
122.8
31.7
4.5
5.0
5.0
32.4
5.1
5.2
5.4
27.2
4.3
4.2
4.6
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.3
3.8
3,892.8
158.0
635.5
274.2
569.9
472.5
960.1
164.8
62.6
4,030.5
161.7
660.3
286.1
594.2
491.7
988.7
171.7
64.7
4,048.2
164.8
663.1
287.1
596.2
499.7
988.5
171.4
64.5
272.1
16.3
47.1
26.6
30.7
29.6
69.0
9.4
6.9
262.8
17.6
44.5
25.5
29.0
29.8
64.0
9.1
6.7
250.4
16.0
42.8
25.9
28.3
27.3
60.9
8.3
6.4
7.0
10.3
7.4
9.7
5.4
6.3
7.2
5.7
11.0
6.5
10.9
6.7
8.9
4.9
6.1
6.5
5.3
10.4
6.2
9.7
6.4
9.0
4.7
5.5
6.2
4.8
9.9
764.0
326.5
62.2
72.3
791.8
345.0
64.3
75.2
795.2
350.8
63.8
76.1
48.2
13.9
5.5
2.7
47.1
13.6
5.0
2.8
46.7
15.0
4.7
2.7
6.3
4.3
8.8
3.7
6.0
3.9
7.7
3.8
5.9
4.3
7.4
3.6
New Jersey1
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
158
[
Apr.
1995P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995^
New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,553.1
451.8
128.2
573.9
116.6
42.6
60.6
1,353.9
3,826.8
3,203.1
167.4
568.8
365.1
143.1
8,469.6
456.1
126.4
567.6
115.8
43.4
61.2
1,345.1
3,768.8
3,147.0
168.2
560.0
364.6
144.4
8,454.3
453.0
125.0
564.1
115.8
43.0
60.5
1,337.6
3,785.3
3,165.0
167.7
555.3
363.1
143.4
652.3
24.4
9.4
39.4
8.7
2.7
5.6
80.8
338.6
305.3
10.7
32.4
23.6
9.7
575.9
23.7
7.9
33.9
6.3
2.5
5.4
70.1
296.3
267.0
9.3
29.1
22.0
9.5
North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,551.8
105.7
686.9
607.2
545.5
3,619.1
104.9
707.6
621.4
558.6
3,605.5
104.6
704.2
617.9
553.5
135.2
3.6
23.3
18.9
13.9
335.5
49.4
92.3
66.8
325.8
47.7
91.9
66.6
329.1
48.1
93.2
66.8
Ohio1
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,485.1
352.2
195.8
791.9
1,073.3
758.5
465.4
160.0
74.8
85.6
58.3
309.5
279.4
5,524.0
354.2
196.8
797.4
1,081.3
763.6
467.6
162.5
75.5
86.1
57.9
314.8
279.0
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,542.2
27.6
41.7
499.3
379.9
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
|
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
553.9
21.5
7.1
32.9
5.7
2.3
4.7
65.2
299.1
271.0
8.6
25.9
19.7
8.5
7.6
5.4
7.3
6.9
7.5
6.4
9.2
6.0
8.8
9.5
6.4
5.7
6.5
6.8
6.8
5.2
6.2
6.0
5.4
5.8
8.8
5.2
7.9
8.5
5.6
5.2
6.0
6.6
6.6
4.7
5.7
5.8
5.0
5.3
7.9
4.9
7.9
8.6
5.1
4.7
5.4
5.9
147.1
4.0
22.7
19.7
14.9
161.4
4.5
25.9
22.4
17.0
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.1
2.5
4.1
3.8
3.2
3.2
2.7
4.5
4.3
3.7
3.6
3.1
12.3
1.9
2.6
2.3
12.9
1.9
2.9
2.0
10.2
1.6
2.8
1.8
3.7
3.8
2.8
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.2
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.7
5,477.7
351.5
196.2
797.1
1,069.0
757.9
460.8
160.4
74.8
84.9
57.9
312.4
276.9
342.9
20.8
13.9
41.5
70.2
35.0
26.1
9.7
5.3
7.3
5.3
19.0
22.0
243.2
15.3
8.8
29.7
51.1
23.7
17.2
6.0
3.3
4.4
3.6
13.5
15.1
250.9
15.9
9.3
32.4
50.6
25.5
18.4
6.3
3.6
4.8
3.2
14.5
15.8
6.3
5.9
7.1
5.2
6.5
4.6
5.6
6.1
7.1
8.5
9.1
6.1
7.9
4.4
4.3
4.5
3.7
4.7
3.1
3.7
3.7
4.4
5.1
6.2
4.3
5.4
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.1
4.7
3.4
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.7
5.5
4.6
5.7
1,549.2
28.5
42.7
507.5
384.1
1,545.1
28.0
42.5
506.0
380.3
92.1
1.2
2.6
23.3
23.1
83.3
1.4
2.5
21.8
18.8
74.4
1.1
2.1
20.5
16.9
6.0
4.5
6.4
4.7
6.1
5.4
4.7
5.8
4.3
4.9
4.8
3.8
5.0
4.0
4.4
1,616.9
154.0
80.6
925.8
154.2
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
1.646.8
156.1
82.2
953.4
155.5
1,671.4
158.0
83.2
966.7
158.9
91.5
8.8
5.4
41.8
8.8
89.0
8.1
5.7
39.5
8.4
78.1
7.5
5.1
35.4
7.1
5.7
5.7
6.7
4.5
5.7
5.4
5.2
6.9
4.1
5.4
4.7
4.7
6.2
3.7
4.4
5,782.2
266.5
61.7
135.3
327.2
104.5
225.5
2,412.1
1,129.7
173.7
337.6
53.5
61.9
56.8
184.2
5,864.0
274.9
64.1
138.4
334.3
105.5
231.7
2,448.7
1,135.3
176.5
340.6
53.5
62.7
57.8
192.3
5,876.8
274.3
64.1
138.5
334.1
105.2
233.2
2,453.7
1,140.0
177.3
342.3
54.2
63.1
57.3
192.6
385.3
18.6
4.6
9.8
14.9
10.3
9.9
149.3
75.7
9.8
26.7
4.0
2.5
4.4
9.3
361.3
18.0
4.4
9.2
15.4
9.2
10.5
139.4
70.0
9.6
24.2
2.9
2.5
4.9
9.0
349.7
17.4
4.2
9.0
14.6
8.3
10.0
137.8
68.0
9.4
24.1
3.1
2.2
4.4
9.3
6.7
7.0
7.5
7.3
4.5
9.9
4.4
6.2
6.7
5.7
7.9
7.5
4.0
7.8
5.1
6.2
6.5
6.9
6.7
4.6
8.7
4.5
5.7
6.2
5.5
7.1
5.4
4.0
8.6
4.7
6.0
6.3
6.6
6.5
4.4
7.9
4.3
5.6
6.0
5.3
7.1
5.7
3.5
7.7
4.8
498.9
573.1
495.0
570.4
481.1
554.3
34.4
41.5
34.9
41.1
27.3
34.6
6.9
7.2
7.0
7.2
5.7
6.2
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
|
See footnotes at end of table.
159
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
1,814.8
244.3
252.6
462.0
1,840.3
242.6
256.4
475.0
1,842.8
242.4
257.6
476.1
111.2
14.6
11.2
22.3
90.0
12.4
9.1
16.6
370.6
42.7
86.9
373.7
43.1
88.4
377.0
43.3
88.9
10.8
1.5
2.0
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,604.0
220.3
221.2
330.7
499.2
576.1
2,635.3
221.1
220.9
330.5
504.6
601.1
2,634.3
221.1
220.4
329.2
505.1
603.4
Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
9,333.5
58.7
107.1
579.3
181.0
108.1
121.2
69.8
172.9
1,658.9
280.3
800.4
124.0
1,954.4
105.0
67.3
99.2
116.1
178.8
119.4
49.6
699.6
47.2
57.0
82.0
41.8
97.2
62.7
9,422.5
58.6
108.2
603.4
178.9
103.6
121.3
71.1
172.5
1,692.1
282.3
805.9
121.2
1,963.3
108.1
69.2
99.4
117.9
182.5
118.6
50.4
703.7
47.1
56.4
83.7
41.6
99.8
63.6
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
952.3
140.6
613.5
Vermont
Burlington
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995*
80.5
11.0
8.2
14.3
6.1
6.0
4.4
4.8
4.9
5.1
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.5
3.2
3.0
12.8
1.7
2.6
11.2
1.5
2.4
2.9
3.6
2.3
3.4
3.9
2.9
3.0
3.4
2.7
124.9
9.6
11.7
13.5
23.4
18.9
111.1
8.8
9.8
12.7
20.3
16.7
109.6
8.9
9.2
11.3
20.9
17.6
4.8
4.4
5.3
4.1
4.7
3.3
4.2
4.0
4.4
3.9
4.0
2.8
4.2
4.0
4.2
3.4
4.1
2.9
9,528.6
59.1
109.9
611.1
180.8
104.6
122.5
71.9
174.2
1,704.3
285.4
817.3
123.2
1,986.3
110.1
69.8
101.0
118.7
183.2
120.1
50.4
715.4
47.7
56.6
84.2
41.7
100.6
64.2
582.4
3.2
4.2
19.4
17.1
7.2
13.7
1.9
15.0
87.2
28.3
43.3
9.9
123.3
5.8
5.9
7.9
4.9
29.0
8.7
2.5
31.5
2.8
5.1
4.3
2.3
4.6
3.3
521.3
3.0
4.0
17.3
15.0
7.0
12.9
2.2
13.3
74.0
25.0
36.3
8.4
102.5
4.8
8.9
6.7
5.0
31.8
6.8
2.2
28.5
2.3
4.1
3.8
2.4
4.2
3.1
535.6
3.1
4.2
18.8
16.0
7.4
13.1
2.2
14.1
76.5
25.6
36.9
8.8
108.2
5.0
9.6
7.0
4.6
29.8
7.1
2.1
29.3
2.4
4.2
4.0
2.5
4.2
3.1
6.2
5.4
3.9
3.3
9.4
6.6
11.3
2.7
8.7
5.3
10.1
5.4
8.0
6.3
5.5
8.8
8.0
4.2
16.2
7.3
5.0
4.5
6.0
8.9
5.3
5.6
4.8
5.2
5.5
5.1
3.7
2.9
8.4
6.8
10.6
3.0
7.7
4.4
8.8
4.5
6.9
5.2
4.5
12.9
6.7
4.2
17.4
5.7
4.3
4.1
4.9
7.2
4.5
5.7
4.2
4.9
5.6
5.2
3.8
3.1
8.8
7.1
10.7
3.0
8.1
4.5
9.0
4.5
7.1
5.4
4.6
13.7
6.9
3.9
16.3
5.9
4.1
4.1
5.0
7.5
4.8
6.0
4.2
4.8
966.5
143.2
621.0
967.4
144.0
620.4
33.0
4.0
19.6
30.6
3.8
17.9
32.6
4.4
19.1
3.5
2.8
3.2
3.2
2.6
2.9
3.4
3.0
3.1
318.3
93.1
324.4
94.6
321.6
95.0
16.6
3.2
15.4
3.3
15.0
3.0
5.2
3.5
4.7
3.4
4.7
3.2
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,411.2
72.1
57.4
105.5
712.3
499.8
127.9
3,511.8
74.3
58.3
109.1
726.2
518.9
132.6
3,519.3
75.6
58.8
109.5
729.1
520.3
133.6
149.9
2.3
4.1
4.4
35.9
20.2
4.5
147.7
2.2
4.1
4.3
33.3
18.7
4.0
140.2
1.9
4.3
4.2
32.6
18.1
4.2
4.4
3.2
7.1
4.2
5.0
4.0
3.5
4.2
2.9
7.0
3.9
4.6
3.6
3.0
4.0
2.5
7.3
3.9
4.5
3.5
3.1
Washington
Spokane
Tacoma
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
2,677.9
188.0
300.7
1,184.6
2,756.5
195.2
313.5
1,217.2
2,769.6
196.7
314.0
1,213.4
177.9
9.2
20.6
70.1
184.3
11.9
19.9
66.3
165.0
9.8
18.0
61.0
6.6
4.9
6.8
5.9
6.7
6.1
6.3
5.4
6.0
5.0
5.7
5.0
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
160
Apr.
1995"
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995"
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Apr.
1994
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
Apr.
1995P
Apr.
1994
Mar.
1995
780.0
124.4
134.3
73.8
71.4
780.5
124.1
134.5
75.0
70.7
782.7
125.2
134.3
74.6
70.6
72.5
8.6
11.1
5.4
6.4
63.3
7.3
9.1
5.8
5.0
58.8
6.6
8.0
5.2
4.7
9.3
7.0
8.3
7.3
9.0
8.1
5.9
6.7
7.7
7.1
2,764.5
207.9
2,778.6
2,813.4
212.4
68.6
138.5
9.0
4.0
5.2
3.6
3.6
2.7
5.6
35.4
5.5
2.1
4.2
133.6
8.1
4.1
5.0
3.4
3.2
3.3
5.8
30.1
4.8
1.9
4.2
119.0
7.2
3.4
4.2
3.2
3.0
2.9
5.1
28.4
4.5
1.7
3.6
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.4
4.8
4.9
3.9
2.3
4.6
6.0
3.6
6.2
4.8
3.8
5.5
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.7
2.4
3.9
5.3
3.3
6.2
252.0
31.8
13.4
2.1
12.7
1.7
11.4
1.6
5.5
6.6
5.0
5.3
74.8
210.4
74.7
119.6
120.8
74.8
72.5
68.4
241.3
773.2
91.7
58.7
67.7
76.2
73.0
69.5
243.6
771.7
89.2
58.6
68.1
245.2
31.4
252.2
31.8
1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See the
Explanatory Notes for Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
75.8
121.5
77.5
72.5
70.2
245.5
777.1
90.1
59.3
be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
Effective with the release of data for April 1995, estimates incorporate minor
corrections to the population levels.
161
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics
and past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers from
a sample of about 60,000 households located in 729 sample
areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and
independent cities in the U.S., with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based
on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing over 47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers.
The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th
of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage, The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay163
roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid
during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-
164
ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.
Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference week."
Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week,
referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 2,600 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that
ranges between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 60,000
occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average
month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise
not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed
each month. The rotation plan, as explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be commonfromone month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g.,
penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and who
are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, mater-
nity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or
she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of time
(through the current reference week) that persons classified
as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on
layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of
full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the
arithmetic average computed from single weeks of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise
terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately
began looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended;
(4) Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were
out of the labor force prior to beginning their job search; (5)
New entrants are persons who never worked. Each of these
five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four
rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian work165
ers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and
"persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into
a single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4 week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
166
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information
for the employed applies to the job held in the reference
week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the
job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The
unemployed are classified according to their last job. The
occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is
based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
orfroma government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class of
worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage
and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a
farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a
wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed
only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)
who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are selfemployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on
the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32
hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the published figures
relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the
week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each job
and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred
to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack
work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find
full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who
usually work part time must also indicate that they want and
are available to work full time to be classified as on part
time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Dlness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work less
than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. This may include some individuals who actually worked more than 34
hours in the reference week, as well as those who are temporarily absent from work. Thefull-time laborforce includes
all employed persons who usually work full time and unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time work or
are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time labor force
consists of employed persons who usually work part time
and unemployed persons who are seeking or are on layoff
from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for full- and parttime workers are calculated using the concepts of the fulland part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data for
"other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed
persons who respond that their business's were incorporated)
who usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart
because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty
with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of one
family. Families are classified either as married-couple fami167
lies or as families maintained by women or men without
spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in
which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced,
or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families
exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner
or in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining
the family is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as
follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job-search
methods.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The new
system provided some year-to-year overlap in the sample,
thereby improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they were
waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30 days of
interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the unemployed classification. The only exception was the small subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to start
new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result of the recommendations of the President's Committee
to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the
168
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none for
which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons
classified as discouraged must also have looked for a job
within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened
by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work
part time: They must want and be available for full-time
work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons
who usually work full time but worked part time for an economic reason during the reference week are assumed to meet
these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To
be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect
to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did
not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job-search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had
little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, and
the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.
This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had little
effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears
in "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue of
this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
169
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than
1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian
labor force and employment totals; unemployment levels
and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the
procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer
as before. The purpose of this change was to provide more
accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of
the sample households had race determined by interviewer
observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire
sample had race determined by the household respondent.
The new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure.
Differences between the old and new procedures existed only
for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for
the total United States. The reasoning behind the change and
an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census.This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
170
comparing estimates from different periods.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in
the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey
Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of
this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates
of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised
back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised to
reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the total
civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by
nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about
350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor force
estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and
subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments
for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the
extent possible. An explanation of the changes and their
effect on estimates of labor force characteristics appear in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February
1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, population estimates used
in the second stage estimation procedure were based on in-
formation obtained from the 1990 census (adjusted for the
undercount as measured by the Census Bureau's Post Enumeration Survey). This change resulted in substantial increases in total population and in all major labor force categories. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population increased by about 1.3 million,
with much of the increase occurring among Hispanics. Estimates of employment were raised by about 950,000, and
unemployment by approximately 200,000. In addition, the
overall unemployment rate rose by about 0.1 percentage
point, largely reflecting the increase in the Hispanic share
of the population, which has a higher-than-average incidence
of unemployment. For further information, see "Revisions
to the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994,"
in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the trans-
fer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based on
the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between the
1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within the
"technical, sales, and administrative support" categories. The
most notable changes in industry classification were the shift
of several industriesfrom"business services" to "professional
services" and the splitting of some industries into smaller,
more detailed categories. A number of industry titles were
changed as well, with no change in content.
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the
sample estimates. When Alaska and Hawaii received statehood, three sample areas were added to the existing sample
to account for the population of these States. In January 1978,
a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in
24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates for States. In
October 1978, a coverage improvement sample of approximately 450 sample household units representing 237,000
occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the
District of Columbia was added. A sample reduction of about
6,000 units was implemented in May 1981. In January 1982,
the sample was expanded by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), which were redefined in 1973.
In January 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected
based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of
about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988; they
were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census has been selected for use during the 1990's.
Households from this new sample will be phased in during
the April 1994 through July 1995 period. For further information see "Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
171
The 1980 census-based sample design includes about
72,000 housing units per month located in 729 selected geographic areas called primary sampling units (PSU's). The
sample was initially selected so that specific reliability criteria were met nationally, for each of the 50 States, for the
District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of New
York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan
area. Since 1985, these reliability criteria have been maintained through periodic additions and deletions in the State
samples. The criteria, given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV) of the unemployment rate, where the
CV is defined as the standard error of the estimate divided
by the estimate, expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a 6-percent unemployment rate to establish a
consistent specification of sampling error.
Nationally, a 1.8-percent CV is maintained on the monthly
unemployment rate estimate. This means that a change of
0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate is significant
at a 90-percent confidence level.
In 11 States—California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts,
Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Texas—the most populous States at the
time of the 1980 decennial census, an 8-percent CV is maintained on the monthly unemployment rate estimates. In the
other 39 States and the District of Columbia, an 8-percent
CV is maintained on the annual unemployment rate estimate. In New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach
metropolitan area, a 9-percent CV is maintained on the
monthly unemployment rate estimates.
In the first stage of sampling, the 729 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 72,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 60,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 60,000 housing units, 4 to
5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 113,000 persons 16 years of
age and older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,137 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 1,973 sample units (PSU's). In most States,
a PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined, except where the geographic area of
the sample county is very large. Combining counties to form
172
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is to have the PSU sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 1,973 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
There are 314 PSU's in strata by themselves that are selfrepresenting, and generally these are the most populated
PSU's in each State. The remaining strata are formed by
combining PSU's that are similar in such characteristics as
population growth; proportions of blacks and of Hispanics
(in certain States); and population distribution by occupation, industry, age, and sex. The PSU's, randomly selected
from these strata, are non-self-representing, because each
one chosen represents the entire stratum. The probability of
selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1980 population. For example,
within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of
50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice that for a
PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design
is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and depends on the reliability requirements for estimates for each
State. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in
every 200 households to 1 in every 2,500 households in each
stratum of the State. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for the
State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in
10 with a State sampling ratio of 1 in 2,500, the within-PSU
sampling ratio that results is 1 in 250, thereby achieving the
desired ratio of 1 in 2,500 for the stratum.
Within each designated PSU, several steps are involved
in selecting the housing units to be enumerated. First, the
1980 census enumeration districts (ED's), which are administrative units and contain on the average about 300 housing
units, are ordered so that the sample would reflect the demographic and residential characteristics of the PSU. Within
each ED, the housing units are sorted geographically and
are grouped into clusters of approximately four housing units.
Next, a systematic sample of these clusters of housing units
is selected.
The identification of the sample housing units within an
ED is made wherever possible from the list of ED addresses
compiled during the 1980 census. The address lists are used
in about three-fourths of the ED's, primarily in urban areas.
Area sampling is applied in the remaining ED's, mostly in
rural areas. In ED's where address lists are used, automated
methods are used to form clusters of geographically con-
tiguous housing units. An effort is made to have all small,
multi-unit addresses (two to four housing units) included in
the same cluster. The methods use the within-PSU sampling
ratio to identify appropriate clusters for the sample. Supplemental samples are also prepared to account for addresses
in isolated geographic areas and to account for housing units
not found on the address lists, including housing units newly
constructed in the PSU since the census date. The addresses
of these units are obtained mainly from records of building
permits.
In those ED's where area sampling methods are used,
mainly rural areas, the ED's are subdivided into small land
"chunks" with well-defined boundaries and having, in general, an expected "size" of about 8 to 12 housing units or
other living quarters. For each subdivided ED, one chunk
(or more) is designated for the sample. When a selected chunk
contains about four households, for example, all units are
included in the sample. When the size of the chunk is several times four units, an interviewer does not conduct interviews at all housing units in the chunk but uses a systematic
sampling pattern to obtain approximately four households.
The remaining housing units in the chunk are then available
for further samples. Area ED's also make use of building
permit lists to identify newly constructed housing units.
Rotation ofsample. Part of the sample is changed each month.
For each sample, eight representative subsamples or rotation groups are identified. A given rotation group is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves the
sample during the following 8 months, and then returns for
another 4 consecutive months. In any 1 month, one-eighth
of the rotation groups are in their first month of enumeration, another eighth is in their second month, and so on.
Under this system, 75 percent of the sample segments are
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
Table 1-A provides a description of some aspects of the
CPS sample design in use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS sample design appears in
The Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology,
Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts
and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from
the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of
Labor Statistics. A description of the 1980 census-based
sample appears in "Redesign of the Sample for the Current
Population Survey," in the May 1984 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability of
the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure
of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. Since 1985, almost all sample persons within the
same State have the same probability of selection. Exceptions include sample persons in New York and California,
where households in New York City and Los Angeles are
selected with higher probability. Selection probabilities may
Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug.
Feb.
May
Jan.
Mar.
Jan.
Aug.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
May
Jan.
Apr.
Nov.
1947
1954
1956
1960
1963
1967
1971
1972
1978
1980
1981
1985
1988
1989
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Jan. 1954
Apr. 1956
Dec. 1959
Feb. 1963
Dec. 1966
July 1971
July 1972
Dec. 1977
Dec. 1979
Apr. 1981
Dec. 1984
Mar. 1988
Mar. 1989
present 3
Number of sample
areas
68
230
1330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
after statehood.
3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
173
also differ for some sample areas due to field subsampling,
which is carried out when areas selected for the sample are
found to contain many more households than expected.
Though a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the
selection probabilities are adjusted for noninterviews and
survey undercoverage; data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of
similar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily,
contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based
on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.
Within each cluster, there is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence categories. The proportion of
sample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending upon weather, vacation, etc.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates
of net census undercount, determined from the Post Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections.
Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on earlier
censuses, and there was no correction for census undercount.
A summary of the current procedures used to make population projections is given in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation
and other principal measurements made from the sample,
the survey estimates can be substantially improved when
weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these
population characteristics. This is accomplished through two
stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's
that are not self-representing and for those States that have a
substantial number of black households. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1980 census between 1) the race distribution of
the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution
of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing PSU's).
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to account
for relative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates.
This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by unemployment
estimates for persons in their first and fifth months in the
CPS being generally higher than estimates obtained for the
other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
174
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of the
sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information; errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors made
in estimating values for missing data; and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample
households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The CPS
covers about 94 percent of the decennial census population.
It is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex,
race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger
for men than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics,
and other races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sex-race-origin population controls, as described
previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey
undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the
extent that missed persons in missed households or missed
persons in interviewed households have different character-
istics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-raceorigin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimatesfroma given
survey design are unbiased when an average of the estimates
from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the
true population value. In this case, the sample estimate and
its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true
population value with known probabilities. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many
times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervalsfrom1.6 standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above
the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors for
all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques
are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types
of labor force characteristics. It is important to keep in mind
that standard errors computedfromthese methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some kinds of
nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an
estimate's standard error rather than its precise value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
175
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect
the population levels and sample size as of 1993, as well as
the use of new population controls based on the 1990 census. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors obtained
must be further adjusted to reflect the CPS sample size in
effect at that time. For years prior to 1956, standard errors
should be multiplied by 1.5; for the years 1956 through
1966, standard errors should be multiplied by 1.22.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of the
monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard errors
of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1-B,
1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly
and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes of
monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating
standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be
assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive monthly change.
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These tables provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
176
Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Monthly Consecutivelevel
month change
Category
Total, 16 years and over.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
275
295
146
204
224
160
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
179
194
103
152
164
118
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
204
209
90
155
160
105
,
,
89
87
58
88
86
75
,
127
129
66
94
98
75
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
72
76
45
63
67
53
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
90
89
43
68
68
50
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
36
31
28
38
32
33
121
123
58
85
100
68
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and
1-E or tables 1-F and 1-G.
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 204,000 is given in table 1-B in the row
'Total, Women 20 years and over: Civilian labor force." A 90percent confidence interval as shown by these data, would then
be the interval from 53,674,000 to 54,326,000. Concluding
that the true labor force level lies within this interval would be
correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major la-
Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.16
.15
.16
.16
.76
.12
.47
.53
.16
.19
.54
0.13
.19
.18
.19
.19
1.00
.14
.55
.63
.19
22
.65
23
.19
.48
.31
.25
1.27
.72
27
23
.57
.37
.30
1.51
.86
.36
.36
.43
.43
.52
.57
.62
.68
.74
.73
.88
.87
.13
.28
1.57
.73
.29
.38
.45
.15
.16
.33
1.87
.87
.34
.45
.53
.18
.43
27
.19
2\
1.19
.51
.33
23
25
\AZ
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment, Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
252,000, and the standard error corresponding to 120,000,000
is given as 223,000. Use linear interpolation to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method of calculation is given below.
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
,
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
,
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
,
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
,
Goods-producing industries
,
Mining
,
Construction
,
Manufacturing
Durable goods
,
Nondurable goods
,
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
,
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
bor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months the
estimated number of employed persons changed from
223,000 + r i 2 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - n 6 J 5 0 ' 0 0 0 l(252, l,000-223,000)=229,000
^120,000,000 -100,000,000 J v
Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
734,000 to 1,466,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from the
rows labeled "Most characteristics" orfromrows not specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, sx, of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate the
standard error of an estimated month-to-month change in
level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive months
177
Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Estimated
monthly level
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
12
17
39
58
90
147
202
256
310
Black
12
17
37
51
71
Total or
white
11
16
36
51
71
100
122
140
155
187
213
Black
12
17
36
51
69
89
98
99
92
Hispanic
origin
Total
White
12
18
39
55
77
105
11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
214
253
281
301
316
324
328
321
294
238
11
16
36
51
72
101
122
140
156
187
212
249
275
293
304
308
307
287
238
Black
12
17
37
51
71
96
111
121
127
125
96
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
13
18
41
57
78
103
116
122
122
89
13
18
41
57
78
103
116
122
122
89
Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change In levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
178
13
18
40
55
73
88
86
65
Black
11
16
35
49
67
Total or
white
14
19
42
60
84
115
138
155
168
190
200
Black
14
19
43
59
78
96
97
81
Hispanic
origin
15
21
46
65
89
118
Total
White
Black
9
13
29
42
59
82
100
115
128
154
174
206
228
244
254
260
262
252
223
164
9
13
29
42
59
82
100
115
128
154
174
206
228
244
254
260
262
252
223
164
10
14
30
42
58
78
90
96
99
90
43
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
11
16
34
48
65
86
96
100
96
60
9
13
29
40
55
72
82
86
86
62
and use the parameters from table 1-G.
sx = V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment, total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000015942
b = 2576.83
2
Sx = A/(-0.000015942X6f000,000) + (2576.83X6,000,000) = 122,000
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parametersfromtable 1-G ("Unemployment, Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
a = -0.000083130
(32X100-32) = 0.9 percent
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2344.57 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, Total or white, Women,
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.
b = 3652.76
Sx = V-(0.000083130X6,100,000)2 + (3652.76X6,100,000) = 139,000
An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the true
month-to-month change would be the interval from
-22,000 to 422,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can also
be expressed by saying that the apparent change of 200,000
is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the numerator. The approximate standard error, s y p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons
in the base.
s
y.P = JyPOOO-p)
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2204.62fromtable 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment,
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
"» = Vi^5oo ( 3 3 X l o o - 3 3 ) ' 10percent
It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed part
time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been applied ("Women, Low correlation" or "Both sexes, 16 to 19
years"). In situations like this, where it is not clear which
row applies, a general rule to follow is to choose the row
with the largest b parameter. This gives a more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly
or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or yearly
averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly
estimates. Table 1-H gives factors to be applied only to standard errors for monthly levels. Follow these three basic steps:
Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
179
Table 1 -F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
-0.000015693
-.000029081
-.000026234
-.000155877
2601.35
2408.58
2204.62
2217.37
White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..
-.000017747
-.000032645
-.000029869
-.000185057
2600.88
2410.86
2201.86
2221.96
Black
-.000112595
-.000271289
-.000164088
-.001181647
2735.54
2553.88
229823
2570.17
-.000190760
3394.71
.000005264
722.21
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..
Hispanic origin
Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds
Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
.000694096
.000761532
2656.52
2461.77
-.000022089
225029
Black
.000121207
2749.05
.010960039
2522.57
.014443239
1483.55
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1
-.000015942
-.000190601
-.000094114
2576.83
2744.70
3116.52
Excludes not-in-labor-force data.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table
1-D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or on
the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2 by
the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
180
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black,Total")* Use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000112595
b = 2735.54
S x = 7(-&000112595X11,600,000)2 + (2735.54X11,600,000) = 129,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 112,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error
for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate for
a single month.
Sx = ^(-0.000112595X11,400,000)2 + (273534X11,400,000) = 129,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 108,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could concludefromthese data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.
Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1
-0.000011078
-.000008243
-.000014344
1743.77
1363.60
2222.55
Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000020055
-.000014922
-.000051814
1674.07
1307.96
2325.37
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000018844
-.000053069
1472.65
2344.57
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000169260
2280.05
Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000088926
-.001732525
1871.20
5676.12
Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000210520
-.002587620
1986.81
5079.90
-.000140581
-.002078112
-.001176111
1621.48
4723.08
2729.02
-.000145304
-.000095111
-.002425480
-.000227656
2417.72
1682.24
7511.81
2045.54
-.000366130
-.000315338
3150.64
2239.22
Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000351254
-.000597224
.000115653
3344.45
3450.08
2062.60
Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000109948
-.017161885
2493.69
5121.00
.002654758
.002647371
-.000218152
4043.98
3510.08
Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ....
-.000083130
-.000063570
3652.76
4463.07
Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics
-.000372215
.000043286
3800.30
2691.66
Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ....
-.000233757
-.000921018
4404.26
6132.68
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Self-employed
1822.59
2
Unemployment:
1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include ail part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.
2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.
181
Table 1 -H. Factors to be used with tables 1 -B, 1 -C, 1 -D, and 1 -F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-toyear
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.92
.82
.78
.80
0.70
.84
.88
.80
0.79
.57
.49
.59
0.70
.70
.70
.70
1.40
1.40
.74
.67
.88
.88
.46
.42
.65
.54
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
.87
.87
.87
.79
.82
.85
.84
.80
.88
.90
.65
.65
.65
.54
.51
.70
.70
.70
.60
.60
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
182
Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). In March 1994, this sample
included about 390,000 reporting units. From these data, a
large number of employment, hours, and earnings series in
considerable industry and geographic detail are prepared
and published each month. Historical statistics can be found
in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and
Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These
data are also available in machine-readable format.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the
respondent for use again the following month
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on
leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who
were hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
183
the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services
are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
184
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-
ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by
total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by
dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a
weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined
above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
185
ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 99 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 1 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly
186
sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series for the
previous 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 7987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multi
plied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multi
plied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establish
ments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker es
timates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.
Average weekly hours
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours di
vided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2
Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the av
erage weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker em
ployment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker pay
roll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory work-
Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Average weekly hours
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Average weekly overtime hours
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (pro
duction worker employment multiplied by aver
age weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for pro
duction workers divided by annual sum of em
ployment for these workers.
Average hourly earnings
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of pro
duction or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-
ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
187
establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960*s. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti188
mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1984-94
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1994 is listed as 115,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1993 through March 1994. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate
correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional onemonth lag.
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is a
form of sampling with probability proportionate to size,
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among
strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. The universe of establishment
employment is highly skewed, with a large percentage of
total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because variance on a population total estimate is a
function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the
sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a
higher rate than smaller establishments, assuming the cost
per sample unit is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the establishment survey design, large establishments fall into a certainty strata for sample selection. The
size of the sample for the various industries is determined
empirically on the basis of experience and cost considerations. For example, in a manufacturing industry with a
high proportion of total employment concentrated in a small
number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample
design for such industries provides for a complete census
of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen
from among the smaller establishments. For an industry in
which a large proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls
for inclusion of all large establishments but also for a more
substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the
trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep
the sample to a size which can be handled by available
resources, it is necessary to have a sample design for these
industries with a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the case for most manufacturing industries.
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling
error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly related to the size of the sample and the percentage of
universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment survey sample covers over one-third of total universe
employment; this yields a very small variance on the total
nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derivedfromseparate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.6 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over
and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute
revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the
estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1984-94
Employment1
Revision2
Added3
Required4
Over-the-year
employment
change5
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
76,371
79,446
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015
341
-131
-400
21
-310
-93
140
152
149
98
114
131
169
141
116
99
88
123
4,328
3,075
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
-261
-583
-130
288
688
85
61
33
83
115
63
12
22
107
171
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
Benchmark
Average monthly bias
Year
1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 99 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 1 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the
course of an inter-benchmark period, I.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
189
Estimated standard errorsfor employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells do not have universe data sources available
and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also subject
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings were computed using the method of random groups and are expressed
as relative standard errors (standard error divided by the
estimate). Relative standard errors for individual industries
with the specified number of employees are presented in
table 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplying
the relative standard error by its estimated value gives the
estimate of the standard error. The errors presented here
are based on averages observed from sample data over the
March 1992 through March 1993 period.
Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S{2 and S 2 2 .
S difference
=
Js* + s\
The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
S change
=
^/s* + s^ - 2yDSjS2
If Si = S2, then:
S change =
^2sJ(l-/C?)
Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of values that include the true population value. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many
times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for
each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one stan-
190
dard error above the estimate would include the true population value.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the bench-
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate
coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample,
March 1994
Sample coverage1
Industry
Total
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Rnance, insurance,
and real estate...
Government
Federal
State
Local
Bench
marks
(thous
ands)
Employees
Number of
establish
ments
Number
(thous
ands)
Percent
of
bench
marks
112,141
331,295
44,280
39
592
4,497
18,092
3,738
27,010
61,052
256
909
9,227
43
20
51
17,887
26,573
65,679
2,461
1,121
4,994
42
19
25
6,883
30,872
24,698
80,046
2,272
8,104
33
26
2,878
4,655
11,878
(3)
5,916
18,696
2,878
3,822
8,236
100
82
69
5,890
6,047
19,857
2
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads. A small sample is used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of 5,530 reports covering about 59 percent of employment in
Federal establishments.
Table 2-D. Current (March 1994) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
March 1994
benchmark revision
10-year average
mean percent revision1
Level
Percent
Actual
Absolute
747
0.7
-0.1
0.3
Total private
668
.7
-.1
.3
Goods-producing
311
1.3
-.3
.8
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
-4
-1
-2
-4
3
-.7
-2.1
-1.8
-1.2
3.1
-1.7
-2.8
-1.1
-2.2
-.6
2.1
32
2.0
2.7
1.6
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
84
28
16
39
1.9
2.5
2.5
1.4
-.5
-.2
-.7
1.4
2.2
1.8
1.6
231
1.3
-.2
.7
158
1.5
-.1
.7
20
5
3
12
5
19
39
12
18
8
19
13
1
9
12
2.7
1.0
.6
1.7
2.1
1.4
2.0
3.4
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.5
2
1.0
3.1
-.3
-.1
-.4
-.2
-.7
-.3
.8
1.2
.6
-.1
-.1
1.7
1.0
.9
1.0
1.4
.9
1.2
22
1.1
1.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.6
73
.9
-.3
.8
12
3
1
15
7
12
7
1
18
-1
.7
7.0
.1
1.5
1.0
.8
.7
.7
1.9
-.9
-.4
-1.2
-.1
-.7
0
-.3
-.1
-.3
.1
-1.1
1.1
4.3
.7
1.4
.7
.9
.7
1.7
1.6
2.9
436
.5
(2)
.3
132
90
-5
17
42
5
11
-1
20
42
37
5
22
2.4
-2.1
4.1
2.4
3.0
1.5
-5.9
5.2
1.9
2.9
.5
-.2
-.5
-.2
1.2
-.3
-2.0
-1.2
1.1
-1.1
.2
.4
-.1
.9
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.6
4.7
1.9
3.3
2.9
.7
1.1
.6
74
74
0
1.2
2.1
0
-.6
-.7
-.3
1.3
1.5
1.0
Total
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
2
()
(2)
-.1
-.3
(2)
See footnotes at end of table.
191
Table 2-D. Current (March 1994) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1994
benchmark revision
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision1
Level
Percent
Actual
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
266
-5
89
81
50
-21
-11
-12
-2
118
49
1.3
-.6
3.7
3.8
1.5
-1.0
-1.2
-1.1
-.2
1.7
2.0
.2
.5
1.6
2.2
-.7
-1.1
-.3
.9
-.6
.5
-.1
.6
1.6
2.4
3.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.3
1.1
.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions 3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
144
68
32
2
29
23
15
13
-2
52
34
19
24
2.1
2.1
1.5
.1
9.2
4.5
5.5
2.6
-.9
2.3
2.2
2.8
1.8
-.1
-.5
-1.0
-.4
-4.9
.8
2.1
.2
-.5
.5
.8
-.2
-.2
.9
1.0
1.4
.7
7.4
1.6
4.3
1.2
4.6
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.4
-259
14
17
3
-160
-12
-58
4
-30
-62
-44
-11
41
-34
-19
17
-25
22
-14
80
-50
-32
-10
0
10
-46
-10
-8
0
-.8
2.9
1.1
.3
-2.7
-1.4
-2.8
2
-3.2
-6.5
-13.5
-2.5
3.4
-.4
-1.2
1.0
-.7
4.1
-1.5
4.2
-2.3
-6.3
-1.7
0
.5
-1.8
-1.3
-1.1
0
2.8
.2
-.1
-.1
.7
1.0
1.5
-1.7
-1.1
-2.1
.7
.8
-.7
-1.8
-.9
-.5
.6
-.3
1.2
-1.0
-3.7
.1
1.4
2.3
.4
-1.6
2.5
-1.0
(2)
.5
2.8
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.9
4.0
3.5
2.7
1.5
4.8
2.2
2.9
.9
2.1
1.2
.8
3.1
1.4
3.1
1.7
4.5
1.9
3.1
3.0
1.6
2.2
4.0
1.7
79
0
0
12
15
-3
67
16
50
.4
0
0
.3
.8
-.1
.6
.2
1.0
.1
0
0
.4
.9
.3
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.4
.4
.4
Services4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services 3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services 3
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nee
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1
Data relate to the 1985-94 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.
192
3
4
(2)
2
(2)
(2)
()
Data relate to 1989-94.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Absolute
Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
1.3
1.0
.8
.6
.4
.3
2.0
1.5
1.1
.8
.6
.5
2.9
2.4
1.9
1.4
1.1
.9
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1992-March1993.
Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total private
Durable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.1
.4
.4
.1
.2
.1
0.4
.7
.2
.2
.2
.3
0.3
1.0
.3
.4
.5
.4
.2
.2
.1
1.5
.4
.3
1.7
.3
.3
.3
.2
.5
.7
.4
.4
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1992-March1993.
mark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised samplebased estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.
193
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry
Total
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1
Mean percent revision
Actual
74,700
Total private
0.1
56,600
Goods-producing
Absolute
15,700
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
See footnotes at end of table.
194
2,300
500
1,000
2,200
400
9,700
4,100
4,100
6,000
0
0
-0.1
0
0
.3
.6
.6
.4
.3
.1
0
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.2
.1
0
0
0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
-.1
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.2
.5
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.7
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.4
.2
.5
11,200
8,100
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,900
1,500
2,200
2,500
1,200
2,800
1,400
3,800
3,600
1,400
1,900
1,500
6,000
3,500
500
1,600
2,600
1,500
1,700
1,600
..1
900
1,700
700
0
.1
0
68.900
.1
8,700
7,000
2,400
3,300
4,800
2,100
2,300
200
1,100
4,500
4,200
1,900
0
0
-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
-.3
.1
0
-.1
0
.1
.2
.7
.7
.2
1.0
.2
.7
.3
.1
.2
.2
6,900
3,800
4,700
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1
Industry
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
.1
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
.1
.2
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
34,500
2,500
16,800
15,700
5,600
3,200
1,300
6,100
4,100
12,700
8,400
.1
0
.1
.1
0
0
-.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
6,800
4,500
3,200
2,600
1,300
1,500
1,100
1,100
1,800
3,300
2,900
1,000
3,200
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0
0
.1
0
0
-.1
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.3
.5
.2
.6
.1
.1
.1
.2
Services2
Agricultural services
,
Hotels and other lodging places
,
Personal services
,
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services 3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
,
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
,
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services 3
Engineering and architectural services 3
Management and public relations 3
,
Services, nee
31,200
2,800
6,300
10,300
9,700
2,700
2,500
1,300
4,500
12,100
6,200
3,100
2,100
3,100
1,600
1,500
12,200
7,800
4,500
1,400
800
4,000
4,400
2,400
2,400
1,300
0
.1
.1
0
.1
0
.2
.2
0
0
-.1
0
.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.3
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.6
.2
.3
.4
.4
.3
.2
.3
.9
.8
.1
.2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.6
.2
.8
.2
.1
.3
.3
.4
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
37,900
14,000
13,200
14,900
12,300
7,700
25,300
19,800
20,500
.1
.1
.1
0
0
.1
.1
.1
0
.2
.3
.4
.3
.6
.2
.2
.3
.3
,
,
,
,
1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.
2
Data based on differences from August 1990 through December 1993.
10,000
14,400
3,100
3
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1990
through December 1994, unless otherwise noted.
195
Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which
derive from standardized procedures developed by BLS are
the basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 260 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data
classified by selected demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on
a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMA's, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. The estimation methods are described below for
States (and the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. At the sub-LMA level, (county and city), estimates are
prepared using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the
estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document,
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for 11 large States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
196
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, models based
on a "signal-plus-noise" approach are used to develop employment and unemployment estimates. These are the "nondirect-use" States. The model of the signal is a time series
model of the true labor force which consists of three components: A variable coefficient regression, a flexible trend,
and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and current relationships
found within each State's economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are available for each State—the
CPS, the Current Employment Statistics(CES) survey, and
the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component of the models explicitly accounts for autocorrelation
in the CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude of the error. In addition, the models can identify and
remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each
State. The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by
the CES while the trend component adjusts for long-run
systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are
calculated for the employment, unemployment, and labor
force levels.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required; the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
census. These factors are applied to the CES estimates for
the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates,
to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees, nonagricultural
self-employed and unpaid family workers, and private
household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian
labor force for the first time or reentering after a period of
separation.
Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two
large sub-State areas—New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly
from the CPS. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 LMA's, are
prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to
ensure that they add to the independently estimated State
totals for employment and unemployment.
Preliminary estimate—employment The total civilian employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place of
residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed
for several categories of employment on the basis of employment relationships at the time of the 1990 decennial
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of employment and unemployment.
197
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of
the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980
census population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted
series in early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994,
data were revised only for that year because of the major
revisions implemented in the Current Population Survey.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
198
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for
unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing
the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add to totals.
In each January issue, Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor
force series based on the experience through December,
new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the
civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6 months of
the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Since the early 1980's, BLS has also used the X - l l
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings data. The X11 ARIMA program had been run once each year after
benchmarking and seasonal adjustment factors had been
projected and published for 12 months ahead (April-March).
Beginning in June 1989, with the introduction of the March
1988 benchmarks, the Bureau modified this procedure to
parallel that used in seasonally adjusting household survey
data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated
and published twice a year. Revisions of historical data are
made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For
employment series, these are generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic aggregations
for employment series and weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally
adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W),
and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or
nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing
by the 1982 annual average base. For total private, total
goods-producing, total private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS has developed an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey
reference period and of Labor Day in the September reference period. This extension was applied for the first time
at the end of 1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested as having significant and well-defined
effects in their April data associated with the timing of
Easter. This extension was also used for the seasonal adjustment of many of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours and manufacturing overtime hours,
starting with the computation of the projected factors for
the period beginning in April 1990. Effective with the computation of factors for the November 1993-April 1994 period, an extension of the moving-holiday adjustment was
introduced to adjust for the effects of elections on local
government employment.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1995, new
seasonal adjustment factors for May-October 1995, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1995 issue of Employment and Earnings. Factors for the Movenber 1995-April 1996 period will
appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARIMA procedure, seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied independently
to the component employment and unemployment levels
and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods
twice a year. Historical revisions are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation as a whole differ
from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State
data.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to
the employment estimates at the division level (component series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal
factors and historical revisions are made coincident with
the annual benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and
seasonally adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS
independently develops a national employment series; State
estimates are not forced to sum to national totals. Because
each Sate series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-States'
employment series, and cautions users that such a series i
subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.
@FedFRASER