Full text of Employment and Earnings : June 1990

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
June 1990




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
'Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.

Calendar of Features

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
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Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
new seasonal adjustment factors

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.




Jan., Feb.

June1

Revised historical national data

Supplement2

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1
2

The September 1990 issue will introduce March 1989 benchmarks.
The latest supplement was published in August 1989.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 37 No. 6 June 1990
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Editors' Note
The Bureau of Labor Statistics usually introduces its annual revision of national establishment survey
estimates to new benchmarks in June with the release of May data. This year's revision, which will incorporate March 1989 benchmark levels based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification structure,
will be introduced in September with the release of August data.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, May 1990

2
4

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

6
43
79

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

9

44
61
82
104
112

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




36
56
101
109
117

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1979 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page
Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1938 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

43
44
55
56
57
58
59

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

61

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted

79
82
98
99
100
101
102
103

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas

104

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

109
110
Ill

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

112

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, May 1990

Employment showed little growth in May and unemployment was about unchanged. Both the overall jobless rate and
the civilian worker rate were 5.3 percent. There have been
few changes in unemployment for over a year and a half.
Private sector employment, as reported by the survey of
business establishments, was about unchanged in May, the
third successive month of weakness. Government
employment rose by 155,000; nearly all of this increase
resulted from additional hiring of temporary workers to assist
with the 1990 decennial census. Total civilian employment,
as measured by the survey of households, rose by 230,000
in May, following a decline of a similar magnitude in April.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, 6.7 million, and the
civilian worker unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were
essentially unchanged in May, after seasonal adjustment. The
rate has hovered between 5.0 and 5.4 percent for the past
21 months. Jobless rates for all major worker groups—adult
men (4.7 percent), adult women (4.6 percent), teenagers
(15.5 percent), whites (4.6 percent), blacks (10.4 percent),
and Hispanics (7.7 percent)—also showed little or no change
in May. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
The median duration of unemployment edged up in May
to 5.4 weeks. About 1.4 million, or 1 in 5 unemployed
workers, had been jobless for 15 weeks or longer, a situation
that has prevailed for the past year and a half. (See table
A-40.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Total civilian employment rose by 230,000 in May to a
seasonally adjusted level of 118.4 million. The proportion
of the working-age population that is employed (the
employment-population ratio) was little changed at 63.0
percent; it has fluctuated around this high level for the past
15 months. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force, at 125.0 million, and the labor
force participation rate, at 66.6 percent, were little changed
over the month. Over the past 12 months, the labor force
has increased by 1.4 million, with adult women accounting
for about 70 percent of the gain. (See table A-33.)
Industry payroll employment
With the addition of an estimated 145,000 temporary




census workers, total nonfarm payroll employment increased
by 165,000 in May to a level of 110.6 million, after seasonal
adjustment. Private payrolls, however, were little changed,
following a loss of 125,000 jobs (as revised) in the previous
month. (See table B-4.)
In May, the goods-producing sector suffered employment
declines for the seventh month out of the last nine.
Manufacturing employment fell by 35,000, with small losses
throughout both the durable and nondurable goods
components. Since reaching a post-recession peak in March
1989, 310,000 factory jobs have been lost; industries hardest
hit include electrical equipment (-85,000), motor vehicles
(-55,000), apparel (-50,000), fabricated metals (-35,000), and
textile mills (-25,000). Reflecting continued weakness in the
housing market, the construction industry added fewer
workers than usual in May, resulting in a seasonally adjusted
employment decline of 20,000. Mining employment rose
slightly and has increased by 35,000 over the past year.
In the service-producing sector, government jobs rose by
155,000, with almost all of the net additions being temporary
census workers. Elsewhere in the sector, employment in
wholesale trade increased by 15,000 in May, with most of
the increase in the nondurable goods component. For the
second straight month, employment was little changed in
transportation and public utilities and in finance, insurance,
and real estate. Retail trade payrolls were also unchanged
in May. Employment in this industry has been weak for the
past 4 months, particularly in its general merchandise stores
component, where 55,000 jobs have been lost. In the services
industry, employment rose by only 35,000, following a small
decline in the previous month. May gains were concentrated
in health services, which added 45,000 workers; over the
past year, health services accounted for half of the
employment gain in the services industry and a third of the
increase in total private jobs.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm paiyrolls was unchanged in May
at 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted, and has shown little
movement thus far in 1990. The manufacturing workweek
rose 0.4 hour in May to 41.1 hours, as factory overtime
climbed 0.5 hour to 4 hours. These increases were paced
by large gains in overtime hours that were principally in the
durable goods sector, particularly in motor vehicles and steel.
(See table C-5.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production
or nonsupervisory workers was unchanged in May at 130.0
(1977 = 100), after seasonal adjustment. The manufacturing
index rose 0.7 percent to 94.8, as the increase in hours more
than offset the decline in employment. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings

supervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 0.4
percent in May, on a seasonally adjusted basis. Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings rose 2 cents
to $9.98 and average weekly earnings advanced 69 cents to
$344.31. Both series increased by 4.1 percent over the past
12 months. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

Both hourly and weekly earnings of production or non-




Note on temporary census workers
The number of temporary workers associated with the 1990 census has an impact
on the employment levels for the Federal Government, as well as for higher
aggregates ("B" tables). The estimate of these workers was 22,000 in January,
27,000 in February, 117,000 in March, and 178,000 in April. For May, the
estimated number (preliminary) was 325,000, which may be subject to significant

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

June

July 6

September

October 5

July

August 3

October

November 2

August

September 7

November

December 7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1956
1957
1958
1959

112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64.782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322
188,081

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378
125,557

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2
66.8

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677
119,030

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709
1,688

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4
5.2

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

101,685

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1989:
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December ..

187,854
187,995
188,149
188,286
188,428
188,580
188,721
188,865

125,224
125,777
125,679
125,758
125,725
125,857
126,192
126,246

66.7
66.9
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.7
66.9
66.8

118,805
119,208
119,102
119,238
119,121
119,294
119,540
119,588

1,673
1,666
1,666
1,688
1,702
1,709
1,704
1,700

117,132
117,542
117,436
117,550
117,419
117,585
117,836
117,888

3,137
3,138
3,217
3,275
3,219
3,197
3,160
3,197

113,995
114,404
114,219
114,275
114,200
114,388
114,676
114,691

6,419
6,569
6,577
6,520
6,604
6,563
6,652
6,658

5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3

62,630
62,218
62,470
62,528
62,703
62,723
62,529
62,619

188,990
189,090
189,198
189,326
189,467

126,094
126,308
126,498
126,543
126,643

66.7
66.8
66.9
66.8
66.8

119,560
119,713
120,003
119,773
119,989

1,697
1,678
1,669
1,657
1,639

117,863
118,035
118,334
118,116
118,350

3,134
3,079
3,200
3,133
3,305

114,728
114,957
115,133
114,983
115,045

6,535
6,594
6,495
6,770
6,653

5.2
5.2
5.1
5.3
5.3

62,896
62,782
62,700
62,783
62,824

1990:
January ..
February.
March
April
May

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutlonal population 16 years and over by sex, 1979 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1979

79,509

62,215

78.2

59,096

1,489

57,607

2,686

54,921

3,120

5.0

17,293

1980

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404
90,283

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474
69,360

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6
76.8

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820
65,835

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547
1,520

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3
5.1

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

1981
1982

1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

90,167
90,237
90,315
90,384
90,456
90,535
90,606
90,678

69,142
69,542
69,366
69,404

1990:
January ....
February...
March
April
May

90,772
90,822
90,874
90,942
91,014

69,599
69,635
69,725

76.7
77.1
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.9
76.9
76.9

65,713
66,078
65,939
65,919
65,681
66,046
66,011
66,143

1,511
1,501
1,499
1,519
1,531
1,533
1,529
1,525

64,202
64,577
64,440
64,400
64,150
64,513
64,482
64,618

2,465
2,480
2,539
2,592
2,520
2,513
2,477
2,535

61,737
62,097
61,901
61,808
61,630
62,000
62,005
62,083

3,429
3,464
3,427
3,485
3,679
3,553
3,624
3,582

5.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.1

21,025
20,695
20,949
20,980
21,096
20,936
20,971
20,953

69,539
69,639
69,712
69,779
69,737

76.6
76.7
76.7
76.7
76.6

65,943
66.108
66,208
66,043
66,058

1,523
1,506
1,497
1,499
1,472

64,420
64,602
64,711
64,544
64,586

2,501
2,461
2,499
2,415
2,560

61,918
62,141
62,212
62,129
62,026

3,597
3,530
3,505
3,735
3,679

5.2
5.1
5.0
5.4
5.3

21,233
21,183
21,162
21,163
21,277

Annual averages
WOMEN

1979

86,951

44,343

51.0

41,325

108

41,217

661

40,556

3,018

6.8

42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918
97,798

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904
56,198

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6
57.5

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858
53,195

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162
168

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676
687

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5
5.3

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

1984
1985
19861

1987
1988

1989

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December

97,687
97,758
97,834
97,902
97,972
98,045
98,115
98,187

56,082
56,235
56,313
56,354
56,365
56,258
56,557
56,521

57.4
57.5
57.6
57.6
57.5
57.4
57.6
57.6

53,092
53,130
53,163
53,319
53,440
53,248
53,529
53,445

162
165
167
169
171
176
175
175

52,930
52,965
52,996
53,150
53,269
53,072
53,354
53,270

672
658
678
683
699
684
683
662

52,258
52,307
52,318
52,467
52,570
52,388
52,671
52,608

2,990
3,105
3,150
3,035
2,925
3,010
3,028
3,076

5.3
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.4

41,605
41,523
41,521
41,548
41,607
41,787
41,558
41,666

1990:
January
February...
March
April
May

98,218
98,268
98,324
98,383
98,453

56,555
56,669
56,785
56,764
56,906

57.6
57.7
57.8
57.7
57.8

53,617
53,605
53,795
53,729
53,931

174
172
172
158
167

53,443
53,433
53,623
53,571
53,764

633
618
702
718
745

52,810
52,815
52,921
52,853
53,019

2,938
3,064
2,990
3,034
2,975

5.2
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.2

41,663
41,599
41,539
41,619
41,547

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1956 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployment rates
Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959,

110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601
1961 ,
19621
1963.
1964
1965,
1966,
1967
1968
1969,

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1989:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.

186,181
186,329
186,483
186,598
186,726
186,871
187,017
187,165

123,551
124,111
124,013
124,070
124,023
124,148
124,488
124,546

66.4
66.6
66.5
66.5
66.4
66.4
66.6
66.5

117,132
117,542
117,436
117,550
117,419
117,585
117,836
117,888

6,419
6,569
6,577
6,520
6,604
6,563
6,652
6,658

5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.3

5.3
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.5

1990:
January
February ...
March
April
May

187,293
187,412
187,529
187,669
187,828

124,397
124,630
124,829
124,886
125,004

66.4
66.5
66.6
66.5
66.6

117,863
118,035
118,334
118,116
118,350

6,535
6,594
6,495
6,770
6,653

5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.3

5.3
5.2
5.1
5.5
5.4

5.2
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.2

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

187,828
13,832
6,605
7,227
17,799
105,328
42,800
20,926
21,874
37,185
19,848
17,336
25,343
13,880
11,463
21,191
10,510
10,681
29,678
10,164
7,888
11,626

Percent
of
population

Employed

124,640
7,258
2,798
4,461
13,725
88,201
35,950
17,553
18,397
31,793
16,925
14,867
20,458
11,485
8,973
11,808
6,958
4,850
3,647
2,240
887
520

66.4
52.5
42.4
61.7
77.1
83.7
84.0
83.9
84.1
85.5
85.3
85.8
80.7
82.7
78.3
55.7
66.2
45.4
12.3
22.0
11.2
4.5

118,277
6,118
2,257
3,861
12,531
84,628
34,118
16,610
17,508
30,698
16,325
14,373
19,813
11,078
8,735
11,471
6,759
4,712
3,529
2,162
859
508

6,363
1,141
541
600
1,194
3,572
1,832
943
889
1,095
600
495
646
407
238
337
199
138
119
78
28
13

5.1
15.7
19.3
13.5
8.7
4.1
5.1
5.4
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.5
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.4

63,188
6,574
3,808
2,766
4,074
17,127
6,851
3,373
3,478
5,392
2,923
2,469
4,885
2,395
2,490
9,383
3,552
5,831
26,031
7,924
7,001
11,106

26,272
407
101
306
1,433
11,468
4,662
2,184
2,478
3,699
2,073
1,627
3,107
1,547
1,560
4,233
1,853
2,380
8,731
2,753
2,345
3,634

8,837
5,703
3,566
2,136
1,932
1,148
758
492
266
267
159
108
124
89
35
26
18
8
28
7
8
14

3,759
26
4
22
84
1,533
360
127
233
535
238
298
637
299
339
932
476
456
1,186
282
254
649

24,319
438
137
302
625
2,978
1,071
571
501
890
453
436
1,017
461
556
4,191
1,205
2,987
16,086
4,882
4,394

89,542
6,961
3,371
3,589
8,666
51,558
21,037
10,265
10,772
18,224
9,752
8,472
12,297
6,745
5,552
9,978
4,985
4,992
12,379
4,594
3,470
4,316

68,097
3,819
1,478
2,341
7,270
48,182
19,828
9,626
10,201
17,227
9,240
7,987
11,128
6,162
4,965
6,703
3,926
2,777
2,123
1,262
536
325

76.1
54.9
43.8
65.2
83.9
93.5
94.3
93.8
94.7
94.5
94.7
94.3
90.5
91.4
89.4
67.2
78.8
55.6
17.1
27.5
15.5
7.5

64,624
3,206
1,195
2,011
6,635
46,240
18,868
9,154
9,713
16,631
8,923
7,708
10,742
5,911
4,831
6,488
3,806
2,683
2,054
1,223
514
317

3,473
613
283
330
635
1,942
960
472
488
596
317
279
386
252
134
215
121
94
69
38
23
8

5.1
16.0
19.1
14.1
8.7
4.0
4.8
4.9
4.8
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
4.1
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.2
3.0
4.2
2.3

21,445
3,142
1,893
1,248
1,396
3,376
1,209
638
571
997
512
485
1,169
583
587
3,275
1,059
2,215
10,257
3,332
2,934
3,991

524
9
4
5
34
224
77
32
45
80
41
39
68
31
37
77
42
35
180
41
49
90

4,337
2,885
1,810
1,076
978
459
323
223
100
93
62
30
44
30
14
4
1
3
11
4

2,074
11
4
7
52
1,014
264
89
175
332
156
176
418
211
207
535
277
258
463
162
121
180

14,509
237
76
161
333
1,679
546
296
250
493
253
240
640
311
329
2,658
739
1,919
9,602
3,126
2,764
3,713

98,286
6,871
3,234
3,638
9,133
53,770
21,764
10,661
11,103
18,960
10,097
8,864
13,046
7,135
5,911
11,213
5,525
5,688
17,299
5,570
4,418
7,310

56,542
3,439
1,319
2,120
6,455
40,018
16,122
7,926
8,196
14,566
7,686
6,880
9,331
5,323
4,008
5,105
3,032
2,073
1,524
978
351
196

57.5
50.0
40.8
58.3
70.7
74.4
74.1
74.3
73.8
76.8
76.1
77.6
71.5
74.6
67.8
45.5
54.9
36.4
8.8
17.6
7.9
2.7

53,653
2,911
1,062
1,850
5,896
38,388
15,250
7,455
7,794
14,067
7,402
6,665
9,071
5,167
3,904
4,983
2,954
2,029
1,475
939
345
191

2,890
528
258
270
559
1,630
872
471
401
499
283
215
260
156
104
122
79
43
50
39

5.1
15.4
19.5
12.7
8.7
4.1
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.4
3.7
3.1
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.1
3.3
4.0
1.6
2.6

41,743
3,432
1,914
1,518
2,677
13,752
5,642
2,735
2,907
4,394
2,411
1,984
3,716
1,812
1,903
6,108
2,493
3,615
15,774
4,592
4,067
7,115

25,748
399
97
302
1,398
11,244
4,585
2,153
2,432
3,619
2,032
1,588
3,039
1,515
1,524
4,156
1,811
2,345
8,552
2,712
2,296
3,543

4,500
2,817
1,757
1,061
954
689
435
269
166
174
97
77
80
59
21
22
17
5
17
3
8
6

1,685
15

9,810
201
61
140
292
1,299
526
275
251
397
201
196
377
150
227
1,533
466
1,067
6,484
1,757
1,630
3,097

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

8

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




15
32
519
96
38
58
204
81
122
220
88
132
397
199
198
722
121
133
469

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

160,271

107,075

11,148
5,278

6,278

5,869

3,827
11,590
75,456
30,466
14,838
15,628
27,287

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

14,696
89,289
35,838

17,432
18,406

31,709
16,779
14,931
21,742
11,906
9,836
18,557
9,166
9,391

26,581

2,451

14,419
12,868

17,703
9,937
7,766
10,465
6,152
4,314

8,984
7,109
10,488

3,285
2,011
798
477

77,010
5,626
2,702
2,924
7,213

59,200
3,298
1,299
1,999
6,194

44,241
17,858
8,655
9,203
15,725
8,351
7,373
10,659
5,853
4,805
8,831
4,405
4,426
11,099
4,107
3,104
3,888

41,755
17,019
8,204
8,815

83,261
5,522
2,576
2,945
7,483
45,048
17,980
8,777
9,203
15,985
8,427
7,557
11,083
6,052
5,031
9,726
4,761
4,966
15,483
4,877
4,006
6,600

47,874
2,980
1,151
1,829
5,396
33,701
13,447
6,634
6,813
12,297
6,426
5,871

66.8
56.3
46.4
65.2
78.9
84.5
85.0
85.1
84.9
86.1
85.9
86.2
81.4
83.5
79.0
56.4
67.1
45.9
12.4
22.4
11.2
4.5

102,350
5,403
2,036
3,367

76.9
58.6
48.1
68.3
85.9
94.4
95.3
94.8
95.8
95.3
95.7
94.9
91.4
92.2
90.5
68.1
79.9
56.3
17.5
28.2
15.6
7.8

56,574
2,836
1,090
1,746
5,751
40,277

57.5
54.0
44.7
62.1
72.1
74.8
74.8
75.6
74.0
76.9
76.3
77.7
71.8
75.0
67.9
45.8
55.3
36.7
8.7
17.5
7.8
2.7

45,776
2,568
946
1,621
5,014
32,535
12,855
6,304
6,552
11,934
6,234
5,699
7,746
4,409
3,337
4,355
2,571
1,784
1,305
826
308
170

10,765
72,812

29,171
14,171

15,000
26,475
14,000
12,476
17,165
9,589
7,576
10,183
5,991
4,192
3,187
1,949
773
464

4,724
875
415
460
825
2,645
1,295
667
628
812
419
393
538
347
190
282
161
121
98
61
24
13

4.4
13.9
16.9
12.0
7.1
3.5
4.2
4.5
4.0
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.5
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.7

53,197
4,870
2,827
2,042
3,106
13,833
5,372
2,594
2,778
4,422
2,360
2,062
4,039
1,969
2,070
8,092
3,014
5,078
23,296
6,973
6,312
10,011

22,623
306
70
236
1,119
9,562
3,793
1,744
2,049
3,148
1,747
1,401
2,621
1,303
1,318
3,706
1,620
2,086
7,930
2,446
2,136
3,347

6,581
4,201
2,634
1,567
1,525
817
536
348
189
195
122
72
86
63
23
19
15
4
19
5
8
6

2,917
13
4
10
61
1,156
264
100
164
386
161
225
506
241
265
727
360
367
960
222
211
526

21,075
349
120
229
400
2,298
779
402
377
693
329
364
827
362
465
3,640
1,020
2,620
14,388
4,300
3,957
6,131

2,626
462
210
253
443
1,479
703
337
366
449
228
221
327
215
112
182
101
81
60
34
18

4.4
14.0
16.1
12.6
7.1
3.5
4.1
4.1
4.2
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.4
4.0
2.6
3.0
2.9
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.8
2.5

17,810
2,328
1,402
925
1,019
2,486
839
451
389
734
358
376
912
458
455
2,821
885
1,935
9,156
2,950
2,620
3,586

366
6
1
5
20
132:
37
12!
25
51
23
27'
4£.
21
2i53
27'
26
155
37
34

3,218
2,127
1,334
793
777
305
221
154
67
60
43
17
23
16
7
4
1
3
6
4

1,633
8
4
4
36
774
191
71
119
247
109
138
336
174
162
434
221
214
380
133
97
150

12,592
187
64
123
187
1,275
390
213
177
376
183
193
509
246
263
2,329
637
1,693
8,614
2,776
2,489
3,349

2,099
413
205
208
382
1,166
592
330
262
363
192
172
211
132
79
100
60
40
38
27
6
5

4.4
13.8
17.8
11.3
7.1
3.5
4.4
5.0
3.8
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.8
3.2
1.8
2.9

35,387
2,542
1,425
1,117
2,087
11,347
4,533
2,143
2,389
3,687
2,001
1,686
3,127
1,511
1,616
5,271
2,129
3,142
14,140
4,024
3,692
6,425

22,257
300
69
232
1,100
9,430
3,75(5
1,732
2,024
3,098
1,724
1,374
2,576
1,282
1,294
3,653
1,593
2,060
7,774
2,409
2,102
3,263

3,363
2,074
1,300
774
748
512
315
194
121
134
79
55
63
47
16
15
14
1
14
1
8
4

1,284
5

8,483
162
56
106
214
1,023
388
189
200
317
146
171
318
116
202
1,311
383
928
5,773
1,524
1,468
2,781

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

14,990
7,993
6,997
9,746
5,396
4,351
6,010
3,520
2,490
1,943
1,157
484
302

16,316
7,867
8,449
14,541
7,765
6,776
9,419
5,180
4,239
5,828
3,419
2,409
1,882
1,123
465
294

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

10




7,957
4,541
3,415
4,455
2,632
1,824
1,342
853

314
175

6
26
382
73
28
45
139
52
87
170
67
103
292
139
153
579
89
114
376

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

21,261
2,150
1,064
1,086
2,443
12,063
5,343
2,688
2,655
4,063
2,265
1,797
2,657
1,392
1,264
2,107
1,079
1,028
2,497
915
622
961

13,499
784
273
512
1,689
9,665
4,252
2,134
2,117
3,390
1,880
1,510
2,024
1,095
929
1,073
636
437
287
173
82
31

63.5
36.5
25.6
47.1
69.1
80.1
79.6
79.4
79.7
83.4
83.0
84.0
76.2
78.6
73.5
50.9
58.9
42.5
11.5
18.9
13.2
3.3

12,093
547
161
387
1,362
8,895
3,785
1,895
1,890
3,165
1,728
1,437
1,945
1,050
894
1,023
603
421
266
157
78
32

1,406
237
112
125
328
771
467
240
227
224
152
72
79
44
35
49
33
16
21
17
4

10.4
30.2
41.1
24.4
19.4
8.0
11.0
11.2
10.7
6.6
8.1
4.8
3.9
4.0
3.8
4.6
5.2
3.7
7.3
9.7
5.3

7,763
1,366
791
575
754
2,397
1,092
554
538
673
385
288
633
298
335
1,034
443
591
2,211
742
540
929

2,756
86
28
58
257
1,349
653
328
325
346
197
149
350
165
186
397
184
213
667
242
169
257

1,653
1,188
747
441
279
175
115
69
47
39
24
14
21
14
7
5
4
2
6
2

9,550
1,063
541
522
1,114
5,428
2,422
1,227
1,195
1,820
1,012
808
1,185
610
575
937
473
463
1,009
369
288
351

6,679
424
143
280
831
4,743
2,154
1,101
1,053

5,957
285
77
208
663
4,364
1,933
985
947
1,495
814
680
937
488
449
517
305
212
127
69
43
15

722
138
66
72
168
379
222
116
106
114
76
38
44
29
15
28
15
13
9
5
4

10.8
32.6
46.3
25.7
20.2
8.0
10.3
10.5
10.0
7.1
8.5
5.2
4.5
5.6
3.2
5.1
4.7
5.6
6.5

2,871
639
398
242
283
685
268
125
142
212
122
90
205
94
111
392
153
239
872
296
240
337

139
3
3

790
590
384
206
129
68
39
24
14
18
13
5
11
5
6

401
2

890
718
981
517
464
545
321
224
136
74
48
15

69.9
39.9
26.5
53.7
74.6
87.4
88.9
89.8
88.1
88.4
88.0
88.8
82.7
84.7
80.6
58.2
67.7
48.4
13.5
20.0
16.5
4.2

11,711
1,088
523
565
1,329
6,635
2,921
1,461
1,460
2,242
1,253
989
1,471
782
689
1,171
606
565
1,489
546
334
609

6,820
361
129
232
858
4,922
2,097
1,033
1,064
1,781
990
791
1,043
578
466
528
315
213
151
100
34
17

58.2
33.2
24.7
41.0
64.6
74.2
71.8
70.7
72.9
79.4
79.0
80.0
70.9
73.9
67.6
45.1
52.1
37.6
10.1
18.3
10.3
2.7

6,136
262
83
179
698
4,531
1,852
909
943
1,670
914
757
1,008
562
446
506
297
209
138
87
34
17

684
99
46
53
160
391
245
124
121
111
76
35
35
15
20
22
18
4
12
12

10.0
27.4
35.4
22.9
18.6
8.0
11.7
12.0
11.4
6.2
7.7
4.4
3.4
2.6
4.3
4.1
5.7
1.7
8.0
12.3

4,891
727
394
333
471
1,713
824
428
396
461
263
198
428
204
224
643
290
352
1,338
446
300
593

2,616
84
25
58
245
1,268
614
309
306
322
184
139
331
158
173
375
168
207
644
239
153
252

864
598
363
235
150
107
77
44
32
20
12
9
10
9
2
5
4
2
3
2

362
10

763
12
12
22
339
79
22
57
139
75
63
121
54
67
184
106
78
206
57
34
114

2,591
80
16
64
197
534
245
135
110
149
88
61
140
65
75
449
150
299
1,332
441
337
554

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

11
81
38
19
19
24
13
11
19
6
13
21
16
6
23
2
15
5

2
15
215
61
15
46
80
47
33
74
35
39
91
51
40
77
28
21
28

1,541
44
10
34
127
320
130
67
63
90
49
41
101
47
54
280
86
194
770
266
204
300

Women

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1

10
6
124
18
7
11
59
28
31
47
19
28
93
55
38
129
30
13
86

1,050
35
5
30
69
214
115
68
47
59
40
20
40
18
21
169
64
105
562
175
133
254

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

27,556
2,685
1,327
1,358
3,103
16,039
6,962
3,494
3,468
5,475
3,070
2,406
3,601
1,974
1,627
2,633
1,344
1,289
3,097
1,180
779
1,138

17,565
980
347
633
2,135
12,744
5,484
2,715
2,769
4,505
2,507
1,999
2,755
1,548
1,207
1,343
807
536
362
229
90
43

63.7
36.5
26.1
46.7
68.8
79.5
78.8
111
79.8
82.3
81.7
83.1
76.5
78.4
74.2
51.0
60.0
41.6
11.7
19.4
11.5
3.8

15,926
714
221
494
1,766
11,817
4,946
2,439
2,507
4,223
2,326
1,897
2,647
1,488
1,159
1,288
768
519
342
213
85
44

216
4

12,532
1,335
670
665
1,453
7,316
3,179
1,610
1,568
2,500
1,401
1,099
1,638
892
746
1,147
580
567
1,281
487
366
427

8,897
521
179
343
1,076
6,427
2,809
1,422
1,386
2,237
1,247
990
1,381
767
615
693
406
286
180
104
53
23

71.0
39.1
26.7
51.5
74.0
87.8
88.4
88.3
88.4
89.5
89.0
90.1
84.3
86.0
82.4
60.4
70.0
50.6
14.1
21.5
14.4
5.4

8,049
371
106
265
884
5,963
2,552
1,287
1,265
2,089
1,158
932
1,322
730
592
660
386
274
172
100
48
23

177
4

15,024
1,350
657
692
1,649
8,722
3,784
1,884
1,900
2,976
1,669
1,306
1,963
1,082
880
1,487
764
723
1,816
693
412
711

8,668
459
168
291
1,059
6,318
2,675
1,293
1,382
2,269
1,260
1,009
1,374
781
593
650
401
249
182
125
37
21

57.7
34.0
25.6
42.0
64.2
72.4
70.7
68.6
72.8
76.2
75.5
77.2
70.0
72.2
67.3
43.7
52.4
34.5
10.0
18.0
9.0
2.9

7,877
343
115
228
882
5,853
2,395
1,152
1,243
2,133
1,168
966
1,325
758
567
628
382
246
170
112
37
21

38

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

15,711
711
221
490
1,734
11,676
4,894
2,415
2,480
4,158
2,290
1,868
2,624
1,473
1,151
1,265
756
509
325
206
83
37

1,638
266
126
140
369
928
537
276
261
283
181
102
108
60
48
55
38
16
21
16
4

9.3
27.1
36.4
22.1
17.3
7.3
9.8
10.2
9.4
6.3
7.2
5.1
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.8
3.0
5.7
7.2
4.8

9,991
1,704
980
724
967
3,294
1,479
779
699
970
563
407
846
426
420
1,291
537
753
2,735
951
689
1,095

7,872
367
106
262
855
5,851
2,515
1,269
1,246
2,034
1,128
906
1,302
718
584
642
378
265
157
94
46
16

848
150
73
77
192
463
257
135
122
147
89
58
59
36
23
33
20
13
8
4
4

9.5
28.9
40.9
22.5
17.9
7.2
9.2
9.5
8.8
6.6
7.1
5.9
4.3
4.7
3.7
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.0

3,635
814
491
323
377
890
370
188
182
263
154
109
257
125
132
454
174
280
1,101
382
314
405

7,839
344
115
228
879
5,824
2,379
1,146
1,233
2,123
1,162
961
1,322
754
567
623
378
245
169
111
37
21

791
115
53
63
177
464
280
141
140
135
92
43
49
24
25
22
18
3
12
12

Nonagricultural
industries

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

4
32
141
52
24
28
65
36
30
24
16
8
23
12
10
16
7
3
7

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

4
29
112
37
18
18
55
30
25
20
12
8
18
9
9
15
6
3
7

0)
O

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12




3
29
15
6
9
10
6
4
4
4
5
4
1
1
1

9.1
25.2
31.5
21.5
16.7
7.3
10.5
10.9
10.1
6.0
7.3
4.3
3.6
3.0
4.2
3.4
4.6
1.4
6.7
9.9

6.356
891
489
401
590
2,405
1,109
592
517
707
409
298
589
301
288
837
364
473
1,634
568
375

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 /ears and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

186,181
123,196
66.2
117,039
3,284
113,755
6,156
5.0
62,985

187,828
124,640
66.4
118,277
3,452
114,825
6,363
5.1
63,188

81,524
63,500
77.9
60,899
2,385
58,514
2,602
4.1
18,024

82,581
64,278
77.8
61,417
2,481
58,936
2,861
4.5
18,303

90,432
52,078
57.6
49,682
668
49,013
2,396
4.6
38,354

91,414
53,103
58.1
50,742
713
50,029
2,362
4.4
38,311

14,224
7,617
53.6
6,459
232
6,227
1,158
15.2
6,607

13,832
7,258
52.5
6,118
258
5,860
1,141
15.7
6,574

159,200
105,898
66.5
101,412
3,077
98,335
4,486
4.2
53,302

160,271
107,075
66.8
102,350
3,236
99,114
4,724
4.4
53,197

70,566
55,265
78.3
53,354
2,219
51,135
1,911
3.5
15,300

71,384
55,902
78.3
53,739
2,308
51,431
2,163
3.9
15,482

77,063
44,039
57.1
42,324
632
41,692
1,716
3.9
33,023

77,740
44,894
57.7
43,208
674
42,534
1,686
3.8
32,845

11,572
6,593
57.0
5,734
226
5,508
859
13.0
4,979

11,148
6,278
56.3
5,403
254
5,149
875
13.9
4,870

20,986
13,372
63.7
11,882
158
11,724
1,491
11.1
7,613

21,261
13,499
63.5
12,093
146
11,947
1,406
10.4
7,763

8,352
6,222
74.5
5,616
128
5,489
606
9.7
2,129

8,487
6,255
73.7
5,672
121
5,551
584
9.3
2,232

10,461
6,293
60.2
5,694
25
5,668
599
9.5
4,168

10,624
6,459
60.8
5,874
23
5,851
585
9.1
4,165

2,173
857
39.4
572
5
567
285
33.3
1,316

2,150
784
36.5
547
2
545
237
30.2
1,366

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

14,956
10,394
4,562

7,263
4,677
2,585

46.6
45.0
56.7

6,394
4,028
2,366

1,142
361
781

5,252
3,667
1,585

649
220

279
153
126

590
497
93

12.0
13.9
8.5

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students..

8,542
6,414
5,570
844

3,726
3,537
2,766
771

43.6
55.1
49.7
91.3

3,169
3,224
2,485
739

179
963
502
461

2,991
2,261
1,983
278

556
313
281
32

107
173
153
20

450
140
128
12

14.9
8.8
10.2
4.2

Men, 16 to 24 years.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,509
5,264
2,245

3,637
2,378
1,259

48.4
45.2
56.1

3,189
2,046
1,143

572
174
398

2,617
1,872
745

448
332
116

165
90
75

282
242
41

12.3
14.0
9.2

High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .

4,491
3,017
2,680
337

1,994
1,643
1,333
310

44.4
54.4
49.7
92.0

1,705
1,484
1,184
299

96
476
277
199

1,610
1,008
907
100

289
159
148
11

72
94
84
10

217
65
64
1

14.5
9.7
11.1
3.5

Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,447
5,129
2,318

3,626
2,299
1,327

48.7
44.8
57.2

3,205
1,982
1,223

570
187
383

2,634
1,795
839

422
317
104

114
62
51

308
255
53

11.6
13.8
7.9

High school
College
Full-time students..
Part-time students .

4,051
3,397
2,889
507

1,732
1,894
1,434
461

42.8
55.8
49.6
90.8

1,464
1,741
1,301
440

83
487
225
262

1,381
1,254
1,076
177

268
154
132
21

35
79
69
10

233
75
64
11

15.5
8.1
9.2
4.6

12,056
8,283
3,773

6,284
4,072
2,212

52.1
49.2
58.6

5,623
3,571
2,052

977
311
666

4,646
3,261
1,385

500
160

223
131
92

437
369
68

10.5
12.3
7.2

Men
Women ...

6,050
6,006

3,155
3,128

52.2
52.1

2,810
2,813

491
486

2,319
2,327

345
315

128
95

217
220

10.9
10.1

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students.

6,709
5,347
4,652
696

3,249
3,034
2,400
634

48.4
56.7
51.6
91.2

2,825
2,798
2,190
609

156
821
440
381

2,669
1,977
1,750
227

424
236
211
25

93
130
110
20

332
106
100
5

13.1
7.8
8.8
4.0

2,175
1,660
515

702
467
235

32.3
28.2
45.6

525
338
187

100
29
71

426
309
117

177
129
48

45
20
25

132
109
22

25.2
27.6
20.3

Men
Women .

1,072
1,103

343
359

32.0
32.6

256
269

47
52

209
217

86
90

31
14

56
76

25.2
25.1

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students.

1,476
698
601
97

377
325
238
87

25.5
46.5
39.6
89.3

262
263
181
82

14
86

248
177
141
36

115
62
57
4

13
32
33

102
30
25
5

30.5
19.0
24.1
5.0

1,198
883
315

497
305
193

41.5
34.5
61.1

420
242
178

104
28
76

315
214
101

29
17
12

49
46
3

15.6
20.6
7.7

Men
Women .

582
616

269
228

46.2
37.0

231
188

51
53

180
135

18
11

19
29

14.0
17.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

817
381
311
70

266
231
167
65

32.5
60.7
53.6

209
211
149
62

27
77
28
49

182
134
120
14

12
17
16
1

45
3
2
1

21.5
8.8
10.8

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED

16,675
3,439
13,236

13,721
2,581
11,140

82.3
75.1
84.2

12,255
2,089
10,166

10,540
1,565
8,974

1,715
524
1,191

1,466
491
974

1,334
441
893

131
50
81

10.7
19.0
8.7

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,163
8,085
2,961
1,467

2,760
6,907
2,673
1,381

66.3
85.4
90.3
94.1

2,207
6,272
2,461
1,314

1,816
5,393
2,111
1,220

392

495
572
200

58
62
11

94

553
634
211
67

20.0
9.2
7.9
4.9

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,118
1,697
6,422

7,452
1,441
6,011

91.8
84.9
93.6

6,653
1,161
5,492

5,996
926
5,070

656
234
422

800
281
519

754
263
491

46
18
28

10.7
19.5
8.6

2,197
3,986
1,292
644

1,873
3,724

85.3
93.4
96.0
95.5

1,543
3,383
1,145
582

1,353
3,085
1,011

313
316

95
33

91
33

17
25
4

548

190
299
134
34

330
341

1,240
615

17.6
9.2
7.7
5.4

8,557
1,742
6,815

6,268
1,140
5,129

73.3
65.4
75.3

5,602
929
4,673

4,543
639
3,904

1,059
290
769

666
211
455

580
178
402

85
33
53

10.6
18.5
8.9

1,966
4,099

887
3,183
1,433
766

45.1
77.7
85.9
93.0

664
2,889
1,317
732

463
2,308
1,100
672

201

1,668
824

216
60

223
294
116
34

182
256
109
34

41
38
7

25.1
9.2
8.1
4.4

13,788
2,865
10,923

11,584
2,206
9,378

84.0
77.0
85.9

10,545
1,832
8,713

9,110
1,381
7,728

1,436
450
985

1,039
375
665

947
345
603

92
30
62

9.0
17.0

Men
Women

6,789
6,999

6,336
5,248

93.3
75.0

5,777
4,768

5,235
3,875

542
894

560
480

529
419

31
61

8.8
9.1

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,332
6,646
2,483
1,327

2,331
5,751
2,251
1,251

70.0
86.5
90.6
94.3

1,926
5,328
2,095
1,195

1,600
4,594
1,799
1,117

327
735
296
78

405
423
155
57

368
377
145
57

37
45
10

17.4
7.4
6.9
4.5

2,419
490

1,929

1,772
317
1,455

73.2
64.7
75.4

1,384
209
1,175

1,137
143
994

247
66
181

388
108
280

358
93
265

30
15
15

21.9
34.1
19.3

Men
Women

1,105
1,314

912
860

82.5
65.4

691

589
548

104
143

220
168

208
150

12
18

24.1
19.6

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

692

334
1,025
329
84

48.3
80.9
87.9
97.1

198
826
284
75

141
693
242
61

57
133
42
14

136
199
45

117

1,266
375
86

18
12

40.6
19.4
13.7
10.4

1,633
373
1,260

75.8
69.2
78.0

1,452
294
1,158

1,289
246
1,043

163
48
115

181

538
1,617

102

163
76
87

18
3
15

11.1
21.2
8.1

Men
Women

1,153
1,002

1,057
576

91.6
57.5

958
494

884
404

74

99
83

88
75

11
8

9.3
14.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,179
744

823
600
170
40

709

80.7
88.3

649
466
138
35

60
83
18
1

113
51
14
3

101
45
14
3

12
6

13.8
8.5
8.3

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

880
350

581

68

White
Total, 16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7.1

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9

187
45
9

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

2,155

193
40

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




549
156
37

79

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
May
1989

May
1990

Employed

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.6
2.3

3.6
3.4
3.5
4.1

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over

7,422
6,467
1,789
3,276
1,402
955

7,623
6,523
1,446
3,326
1,751
1,100

6,772
6,143
1,685
3,133
1,324
629

6,930
6,164
1,338
3,199
1,626
767

6,583
5,968
1,621
3,055
1,291
615

6,696
5,947
1,290
3,091
1,567
749

190
176
64
78
33
14

234
217

49
109
59
17

2.8
2.9
3.8
2.5
2.5
2.2

16,064
7,358
4,636
4,070

17,137
7,882
5,039
4,215

14,992
6,973
4,321
3,698

16,015
7,497
4,688
3,830

14,497
6,721
4,186
3,590

15,438
7,242
4,524
3,671

495
252
135
108

577
255
163
159

3.3
3.6
3.1
2.9

NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
are limited to those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data

16




for 30-to 34-year-old veterans are no longer shown in this table
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 35-39 age category)
and the numbers remaining for some labor force categories are not
large enough to warrant their continued publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
May 1990
Employed

Unemployed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

97,873
1,926
170
1,757
95,947
9,755
86,192
75,014
11,178

96,187
1,841
156
1,686
94,346
9,500
84,845
73,893
10,952

1,686
85
14
71
1,601
255
1,346
1,121
226

20,403
4,191
2,087
2,104
16,212
2,776
13,436
9,614
3,822

17,524
3,930
2,032
1,898
13,594
2,299
11,295
7,826
3,469

2,879
261
55
206
2,618
477
2,141
1,788
352

5,157
594
162
432
4,563
1,020
3,543
3,226
317

1,206
547
379
168
659
174
485
346
139

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

57,871
1,100
56,771
5,468
51,303
44,342
6,962

56,925
1,044
55,881
5,310
50,571
43,732
6,839

946
56
890
158
732
610
122

6,753
2,106
4,646
1,167
3,479
1,898
1,581

5,527
1,969
3,559
956
2,603
1,177
1,425

1,225
137
1,088
212
876
721
155

2,997
354
2,643
566
2,077
1,865
212

476
259
217
69
148
77
72

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

40,002
826
39,176
4,287
34,888
30,672
4,216

39,262
797
38,465
4,191
34,274
30,161
4,113

740
29
711
97
614
511
103

13,651
2,085
11,566
1,609
9,957
7,716
2,241

11,997
1,961
10,035
1,343
8,693
6,649
2,044

1,654
123
1,530
266
1,265
1,067
197

2,160
240
1,919
454
1,466
1,361
105

730
288
442
106
336
269
67

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50,756
980
49,777
4,746
45,031
38,743
6,287

49,939
927
49,011
4,604
44,407
38,230
6,178

818
52
765
142
623
513
110

5,818
1,856
3,962
1,005
2,957
1,534
1,423

4,856
1,740
3,116
833
2,283
983
1,300

962
116
846
172
674
551
123

2,265
266
1,998
391
1,608
1,424
184

361
196
165
52
113
54
59

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,518
712
32,805
3,648
29,157
25,483
3,674

32,931
686
32,244
3,575
28,670
25,083
3,586

587
26
561
74
487
399
88

12,258
1,855
10,403
1,366
9,037
7,052
1,985

10,899
1,746
9,153
1,162
7,991
6,162
1,830

1,358
109
1,250
204
1,046
890
155

1,554
210
1,344
304
1,040
958
82

545
203
342
78
264
208
56

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,278
81
5,197
555
4,642
4,124
518

5,174
78
5,096
544
4,551
4,044
507

104
3
102
11
91
80
11

679
204
474
108
366
240
126

469
184
285
74
211
108
103

210
20
190
35
155
132
23

624
84
540
155
386
363
23

98
54
43
13
30
16
14

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,064
91
4,972
509
4,463
4,039
424

4,938
89
4,849
488
4,361
3,952
409

125
2
123
21
102
87
15

1,073
171
902
189
713
492
221

824
157
667
136
531
348
183

249
14
235
53
182
144
38

533
28
504
136
368
347
21

151
70
81
24
57
45
12

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)

May 1990
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

99,707

66.9

94,550

5,157

5.2

49,394

21,241

7,973

2,667

17,513

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,072
26,977
864
12,231

78.2
92.0
92.3
58.2

38,898
26,232
778
11,888

1,174
746
86
343

2.9
2.8
9.9
2.8

11,196
2,357
72
8,767

183
77
106

192
106
3
83

1,072
431
18
622

9,749
1,743
51
7,955

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

30,270
27,010
831
2,429

59.0
69.4
70.8
21.7

29,334
26,232
746
2,357

936
778
86
72

3.1
2.9
10.3
3.0

20,998
11,888
343
8,767

16,406
10,423
281
5,703

351
302
11
38

478
198
15
265

3,762
965
36
2,761

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
j£0 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,740
4,667
4,399
3,675

62.6
52.8
73.4
66.6

11,392
4,029
3,965
3,398

1,348
637
434
277

10.6
13.7
9.9
7.5

7,607
4,175
1,592
1,840

779
63
163
553

5,194
3,906
1,151
137

343
8
39
296

1,290
199
240
851

Women who maintain families

6,899

62.4

6,394

505

7.3

4,162

2,784

234

262

882

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,562
1,376
1,557
2,628

60.1
47.1
73.0
62.7

4,690
1,042
1,281
2,367

871
334
276
261

15.7
24.3
17.7
9.9

3,686
1,545
577
1,564

720
89
124
507

1,643
1,296
281
66

352
16
22
314

971
144
149
678

Men who maintain families

2,303

78.1

2,188

115

5.0

646

40

32

74

500

Relatives in families maintained by men ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,861
310
495
1,056

62.9
53.5
77.8
60.5

1,654
249
441
964

207
61
54
92

11.1
19.7
10.9
8.7

1,099
269
141
689

329
17
21
291

327
226
76
25

86
2
5
79

357
24
39
294

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Women
Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

May
1989

May
1990

3,473
1,282
450
1,741

4.8
2.7
4.9
9.6

2,393
909
242
1,242

2,626
1,035
357

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

767
187
89
491

722
191

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,002
1,051
322
630

2,226
1,221
423

White, 25 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Unemployment
rates
May
1989

May
1990

1,162

2,890
1,014
615
1,261

5.2
3.5
6.0
8.3

5.1
3.2
5.4
9.0

4.4
2.8
5.8
8.0

2,093
881
474
738

2,099
841
417
840

4.4
3.2
5.4
6.6

4.4
3.0
4.6
7.6

11.5
5.8
9.7
19.6

10.8
5.9
7.9
18.6

724
158
172
394

684
125
170
389

10.8
6.2
9.3
17.2

10.0
5.1
8.6
16.2

581

3.6
2.6
4.9
6.9

3.9
3.0
5.9
6.3

1,853
908
595
350

1,802
878
563
361

4.1
3.2
5.7
5.7

3.9
3.0
5.2
5.5

1,493
846
232
415

1,721
989
334
397

3.0
2.3
4.2
5.6

3.5
2.7
5.6
5.2

1,344
739
422
184

1,304
720
380
204

3.5
2.9
5.0
3.9

3.3
2.8
4.4
4.1

445
173

416

8.4
5.6
9.4
14.3

7.7
5.8
7.8

445
122
162
161

425
117
156
152

8.2
5.1
9.0
12.8

7.6
5.2
8.1
10.7

May
1989

May
1990

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,249
1,134
337

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




Thousands of
persons

1,778

84
187

1,234

78
452

181

76
158

May
1989

May
1990

5.1
3.0
6.1
9.4

2,907

4.1
2.4
4.2
8.1

11.9

1,087
658

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates>

Total

Men

Total

Women

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

1989

1990

1989

1990

1989

1990

1989

1990

6,156

6,363

5.0

5.1

4.8

5.1

5.2

5.1

588
323
265

589
294
295

1.9
2.1
1.7

1.9
2.0
1.8

1.7
1.7
1.7

1.8
1.7
1.9

2.1
2.7
1.6

2.0
2.3
1.8

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,470

1,444

98
594
779

113
629
702

3.9
2.6
4.1
4.1

3.7
2.8
4.2
3.6

3.4
2.2
3.0
4.9

3.4
2.5
3.3
4.0

4.2
3.1
5.1
3.9

3.9
3.1
5.1
3.5

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,089

1,125

6.7
6.7
4.4
7.1

6.7

53
90
982

6.6
9.7
3.3
6.9

5.9

94
65
930

0

O

3.8
7.7

7.0
9.4
5.2
6.8

6.8
6.5
7.9
6.7

721
154
385
182

735
142
433
160

5.1
3.2
7.2
4.4

5.1
3.1
7.6
3.9

4.9
3.2
7.2
3.7

5.1
3.0
7.6
3.7

6.6
2.3
9.9
6.8

4.9
5.2
6.7
4.7

1,342

1,530

641
208
493
126
368

592
269
669
175
493

7.8
6.0
5.4
12.3
17.2
10.9

7.9
8.6
3.8
7.2

8.5
8.2
4.3
11.7

205

168

5.4

4.4

5.3

3.9

753
506
157
90

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




709
465
135
109

6.9
7.2
4.0
9.3
15.0
8.3

8.0
6.9
5.3
12.2
17.6
11.0

2.9
6.9

6.6
6.1
4.1
9.8
14.9
8.6

0

6.8
5.6

0

11.2
6.6
_

_
_
_

_
_

DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

Men

Women

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

6,363

5.0

5.1

4.8

5.1

5.2

5.1

4,681

4,907

5.1

5.3

4.8

5.4

5.4

5.1

41
546

28
658

5.1
8.5

3.7
10.3

5.5
8.9

3.7
10.6

3.0
5.7

3.6
6.7

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,072
564
46
45
18
31
81
67
108
103
67
36

1,137
663
64
38
38

4.9
4.4
6.1
6.5
2.7
3.7
5.9
2.7
5.2
3.7
5.0
2.5
2.8
8.1
5.5
7.5
4.0
9.0
5.2
3.8
3.0
5.3
5.6

5.3
5.3
8.4
5.5
6.2
5.3
6.7
3.9
4.9
5.0
6.0
4.0
2.8
8.4
5.3
7.3
4.0
9.5
3.3
3.6
2.6
5.3
6.6

4.0
3.7
6.3
5.4
1.5
2.0
6.6
2.5
3.3
3.4
4.7
2.1
1.7
7.0
4.6
5.7
2.2
10.0
3.4
4.3
2.0
6.3
5.5

4.6
4.9
8.2
4.6
7.1
5.0
5.7
3.6
4.9
5.0
5.6
4.5
1.6
4.3
4.2
5.5
3.8
8.6
2.5
2.9
2.0
5.8
6.8

6.5
6.2
5.2
8.8
8.2
12.8
3.3
3.4
7.9
5.0
6.4
4.0
4.2
9.2
6.8
11.2
6.0
8.6
9.8
3.0
4.8
3.7
7.6

6.6
6.3
9.9
7.3
3.6
7.4
10.1
5.2
4.7
4.8
7.5
2.2
4.4
13.4
6.9
10.8
4.3
9.7
5.5
4.5
4.0
4.3
6.8

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

259
192
68
1,264
157
1,107
265
1,235
446
789

4.0
4.9
2.6
5.4
3.6
5.9
3.6
4.8
3.1
6.9

3.2
4.5
1.6
6.1
4.8
6.4
2.5
4.8
3.4
6.7

4.3
5.1
3.0
4.5
2.6
5.2
3.9
4.5
2.5
5.9

3.3
4.2
1.8
5.7
5.0
6.0
2.2
5.3
3.7
6.5

3.2
4.5
1.9
6.4
6.1
6.5
3.4
5.0
3.3
7.9

3.1
5.2
1.3
6.4
4.5
6.7
2.7
4.5
3.2
6.9

8.0
2.2

6.5
2.0

7.6
2.3

5.5
1.9

9.5
2.0

9.4
2.0

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




May
1989

May
1990

6,156

19
46
509
148
27
115

41
71
43
41
23

150
616
709

51
82

96
101
131
75
56
19
43
474
142

29
108
24
66
37
42
26
210
165
45
1,414
221

1,194
188
1,272
507
765
124
579
753

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

May
1990

May
1989

May
1989

May
1990

6,156
2,601
681
1,920
965
1,880
710

6,363
2,936
822
2,114
887
1,845
695

2,602
1,589
420
1,169
388
527
97

2,861
1,816
532
1,285
372
591
81

2,396
868
230
638
417
965
147

2,362
925
252
673
384
902
150

1,158
145
31
114
160
389
465

100.0
42.3
11.1
31.2
15.7
30.5
11.5

100.0
46.1
12.9
33.2
13.9
29.0
10.9

100.0
61.0
16.1
44.9
14.9
20.3
3.7

100.0
63.5
18.6
44.9
13.0
20.7
2.8

100.0
36.2
9.6
26.6
17.4
40.3
6.1

100.0
39.2
10.7
28.5
16.3
38.2
6.4

2.2
.8
1.5
.6

2.4
.7
1.5
.6

2.5
.6
.8
.2

2.8
.6
.9
.1

1.6
.8
1.9
.3

1.7
.7
1.7
.3

White

Black

May
1989

May
1990

1,141
195
38
157
130
351
464

4,486
1,934
558
1,376
756
1,341
454

4,724
2,256
675
1,581
677
1,333
459

1,491
606
109
498
176
468
241

1,406
585
130
455
170
437
213

100.0
12.5
2.7
9.8
13.8
33.5
40.2

100.0
17.1
3.4
13.7
11.4
30.8
40.7

100.0
43.1
12.4
30.7
16.9
29.9
10.1

100.0
47.7
14.3
33.5
14.3
28.2
9.7

100.0
40.7
7.3
33.4
11.8
31.4
16.1

100.0
41.6
9.3
32.4
12.1
31.1
15.2

1.9
2.1
5.1
6.1

2.7
1.8
4.8
6.4

1.8
.7
1.3
.4

2.1
.6
1.2
.4

4.5
1.3
3.5
1.8

4.3
1.3
3.2
1.6

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On lavoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
May 1990
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over

Total, 16 years and over ...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over

Thousands
of persons

Percent

6,363

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

46.5

2,936
822
2,114
887
1,845
695

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,861

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

30.2

23.3

13.3

10.0

35.7
44.4
32.3
51.7
54.3
64.4

33.7
31.3
34.7
30.2
26.7
24.5

30.6
24.2
33.0
18.0
19.0
11.1

17.7
16.5
18.1
12.0
9.4
7.4

12.9
7.7
14.9
6.0
9.6
3.7

100.0

37.3

32.6

30.0

15.7

14.3

1,816
532
1,285
372
591
81

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

33.4
41.6
30.0
42.0
45.5
44.8

34.1
31.9
35.0
34.2
28.3
25.7

32.6
26.5
35.0
23.8
26.2
29.5

17.1
17.0
17.2
13.8
13.2
9.9

15.4
9.5
17.9
10.0
13.0
19.6

2,362

100.0

48.3

29.6

22.1

14.1

8.0

925
252
673
384
902
150

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.3
43.9
34.8
55.3
53.2
68.7

34.0
35.1
33.7
27.4
27.1
22.3

28.7
21.0
31.6
17.4
19.6
9.0

20.5
17.4
21.6
13.7
9.2
5.8

8.2
3.6
9.9
3.7
10.4
3.2

1,141

100.0

65.6

25.3

9.1

5.8

3.3

195
38
157
130
351
464

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

49.6

29.2
(1)
36.6
27.5
22.8
25.1

21.2
(1)
23.0
3.4
5.2
8.6

9.3

11.9

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

A-16.

0
40.4
69.1
72.0
66.4

0

0

10.7
2.1
3.2
7.4

12.3
1.3
2.0
1.2

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

6,156

6,363

100.0

100.0

5,061

5,157

100.0

100.0

3,008
1,708
1,248
461
1,440
792
648
260
388

2,956
1,921
1,484
438
1,485
849
636
267
369

48.9
27.7
20.3
7.5
23.4
12.9
10.5
4.2
6.3

46.5
30.2
23.3
6.9
23.3
13.3
10.0
4.2
5.8

2,314
1,447
1,035
412
1,301
716
585
237
347

2,219
1,606
1,238
368
1,332
746
586
245
341

45.7
28.6
20.5
8.1
25.7
14.1
11.6
4.7
6.9

43.0
31.2
24.0
7.1
25.8
14.5
11.4
4.7
6.6

12.4
5.3

12.1
5.3

13.3
6.1

13.1
6.1

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

27
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
weeks weeks
and
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

May 1990

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,363
1,141
1,194
1,832
1,095
646
337
119

2,956
748
665
790
384
212
112
45

1,921
289
330
600
342
219
104
38

849
66
129
239
219
109
66
20

636
37
70
203
150
106
54
16

12.1
6.5
9.5
12.7
15.0
17.4
17.2
14.9

5.3
3.4
4.0
6.0
8.0
8.7
9.1
7.9

48.9
64.2
55.7
47.4
40.8
35.0
31.6
39.7

46.5
65.6
55.7
43.1
35.1
32.9
33.4
37.8

23.4
10.4
18.1
23.5
32.0
37.7
33.5
31.6

23.3
9.1
16.7
24.1
33.7
33.2
35.8
30.5

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,473
613
635
960
596
386
215
69

1,445
378
339
348
170
116
69
26

1,099
165
169
358
202
126
55
23

491
42
86
111
126
68
48
11

439
28
41
143
99
76
43
8

13.9
7.5
10.4
14.9
17.2
19.2
19.1

6.3
3.7
4.2
7.1
8.9
10.0
11.1

44.6
65.1
54.4
39.7
31.5
31.0
30.2

28.2
11.5
21.4
30.2
42.4
40.7
35.6

26.7
11.5
20.0
26.4
37.6
37.4
42.0

O

0

0

41.6
61.6
53.4
36.2
28.4
30.1
32.3

O

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,890
528
559
872
499
260
122
50

1,511
370
326
443
214
96
43
19

823
124
161
242
139
93
49
14

359
25
43
128
94
41
19
9

198
9
29
60
51
29
12
8

10.0
5.2
8.4
10.2
12.4
14.6
13.8

4.3
3.2
3.9
4.4
6.7
7.0
7.9

53.6
63.1
57.0
54.9
51.6
39.3
33.9

52.3
70.1
58.2
50.7
43.0
37.0
35.2

18.0
9.0
14.6
16.9
19.8
34.5
30.2

19.2
6.3
13.0
21.5
29.1
27.0
24.9

0

O

O

O

O

O

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,724
2,626
2,099

2,202
1,106
1,096

1,429
815
614

656
403
253

438
302
136

11.8
13.5
9.7

5.3
6.2
4.3

49.8
44.9
55.4

46.6
42.1
52.2

23.0
28.5
16.7

23.1
26.8
18.5

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,406
722
684

652
293
359

414
237
177

166
70
96

172
121
51

13.0
15.3
10.5

5.5
6.8
4.3

47.0
44.2
50.0

46.4
40.6
52.5

24.3
27.8
20.7

24.1
26.5
21.6

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,282
450
1,741

453
143
849

412
158
529

230
74
186

186
74
178

15.7
16.7
11.8

7.9
8.7
4.8

35.3
34.9
52.4

35.3
31.8
48.8

35.4
38.7
21.5

32.5
33.1
20.9

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,014
615
1,261

485
277
749

277
196
349

176
84
99

76
58
63

11.0
12.4
7.9

5.2
5.7
3.8

49.6
48.6
60.1

47.8
45.0
59.4

20.7
21.6
13.5

24.9
23.1
12.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24




O

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

May 1990

Unemployed Unemployed
less than
15 weeks
5 weeks
and over
May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

589
1,444
1,125
735
1,530
168

208
643
590
292
654
81

211
436
350
225
458
46

106
228
94
123
221
22

65
138
91
96
197
18

13.7
11.7
10.3
14.2
14.0
13.2

7.7
5.9
4.3
7.3
6.2
4.8

42.7
49.3
53.5
40.5
44.9
52.0

35.3
44.5
52.4
39.7
42.7
48.2

28.2
19.4
19.0
28.0
29.8
29.1

29.0
25.3
16.4
29.8
27.3
23.8

124
679
1,140
666
473
254
1,420
1,662
130

62
254
418
242
176
104
697
802
59

27
212
387
199
188
101
410
487
48

23
112
196
133
63
28
165
226
9

12
101
139
93
46
22
148
148
14

12.9
15.5
14.3
15.5
12.5
11.1
12.1
11.0
11.8

4.5
7.6
7.4
8.1
6.6
6.4
4.7
4.9
5.3

45.2
40.2
41.8
39.5
44.3
43.3
48.6
52.8
48.5

50.0
37.4
36.7
36.3
37.2
40.9
49.1
48.3
45.4

31.1
28.2
28.7
30.5
26.7
26.4
22.0
21.6
23.6

29.0
31.4
29.4
33.9
23.0
19.3
22.0
22.4
17.7

753

481

189

54

29

8.1

3.5

60.9

63.9

15.7

11.0

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
May 1990
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency
8.9

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,363
1,141
1,194
1,832
1,095
646
337
119

5,403
1,065
1,051
1,535
886
521
264
82

21.1
7.5
25.6
23.8
25.2
26.6
20.9
13.5

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,473
613
635
960
596
386
215

2,844
563
534
766
457
305
168
52

23.0
7.4
29.3
27.5

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,890
528
559
872
499
260
122
50

2,559
502
518
769
428
216
96
30

19.0
7.5
21.7
20.2
22.3
28.8

White, 16 years and over..,
Men
Women

4,724
2,626
2,099

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,406
722
684

27.9
25.1

3.6
9.2
10.4
10.9
13.4
6.7
4.8
8.7
3.4
8.1
11.4
10.5

20.8

10.8
7.6

0

0
9.2

Average
number of
methods
used

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered

70.9
79.7
71.6
69.2
69.9
63.2
67.4
52.6

38.9
26.5
36.6
44.7
41.6
47.1
40.3
38.7

20.8
17.9
17.4
22.0
24.9
23.7
22.4
14.0

4.8
3.5
4.3
3.8
6.4
6.2
7.9
10.8

1.66
1.39
1.65
1.74
1.79
1.80
1.66
1.34

71.9
81.3
74.2
69.8
69.7
62.3
69.6

37.9
24.2
37.7
42.1
40.9
47.1
38.3

23.9
19.4
21.6
24.9
29.1
25.3
29.0

5.4
2.7
3.7
5.1
9.3
7.1
7.2

1.71
1.39
1.75
1.81
1.87
1.78
1.73

0

Friends
or
relatives

Other

O

0

0

0

4.1
4.5
4.9
2.5
3.4
4.9
9.0

1.60
1.39
1.54
1.67
1.70
1.84
1.53

21.1

3.8
10.3
9.3
11.3
17.1
5.0

69.9
77.8
69.0
68.6
70.2
64.5
63.5

40.1
28.9
35.5
47.3
42.4
47.0
43.8

17.4
16.2
13.0
19.1
20.4
21.4
10.7

0

O

O

O

O

O

0

3,925
2,094
1,831

20.2
21.7
18.5

8.9
8.8
9.1

71.6
71.8
71.3

40.1
38.7
41.7

21.3
25.2
16.9

4.8
5.7
3.8

1.67
1.72
1.61

1,263
631
632

24.8
27.9
21.7

9.4
9.2
9.7

69.1
72.8
65.4

33.9
33.1
34.7

18.2
19.6
16.9

4.8
4.6
5.0

1.60
1.67
1.53

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
May 1990
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

5,403
2,090
869
1,773
672

21.1
29.2
19.3
17.9
7.2

8.9
11.0
12.0
6.3
5.3

70.9
72.7
72.8
65.8
76.7

38.9
44.6
41.8
36.2
25.0

20.8
25.5
17.7
18.6
16.0

4.8
4.2
3.3
6.3
4.7

1.66
1.87
1.67
1.51
1.35

3,473
1,965
428
775
306

2,844
1,382
419
744
299

23.0
28.0
21.0
21.4
7.0

8.7
9.6
11.9
6.9
4.3

71.9
71.4
75.9
66.5
82.2

37.9
44.2
37.3
31.8
24.6

23.9
28.0
19.5
21.9
16.4

5.4
5.8
1.2
8.2
2.7

1.71
1.87
1.67
1.57
1.37

2,890
971
459
1,069
390

2,559
708
450
1,029
372

19.0
31.6
17.6
15.3
7.3

9.2
13.8
12.2
5.8
6.0

69.9
75.4
69.9
65.2
72.4

40.1
45.4
46.0
39.3
25.3

17.4
20.7
16.1
16.2
15.8

4.1
.9
5.3
4.9
6.3

1.60
1.88
1.67
1.47
1.33

Total
jobseekers

Total 16 vears and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,363
2,936
887
1,845
695

Men 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women 16 years and over
Job losers1
Reentrants
New entrants

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26



Average
number of
methods
used

Public
employment
agency

Total
unemployed

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Industry and age

All Industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
,
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




Women

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

118,277
6,118
2,257
3,861
12,531
84,628
34,118
30,698
19,813
11,471
6,759
4,712
3,529

64,220
3,321
1,289
2,032
6,783
45,530
18,957
15,964
10,609
6,542
3,873

64,624
3,206

52,819
3,138

1,195
2,011
6,635
46,240
18,868
16,631

1,182
1,955
6,082

53,653
2,911
1,062
1,850

2,669
2,044

2,683
2,054

3,284
232
101
131
359
1,934
833
671
429
416
203
213
344

3,452
258
114
144
356
2,056
870
706
480
446
229
217
336

2,578
194
87

2,675
194
84
110
302
1,551
677
515
359
340
168
173
288

706
38
14
24
63
452

111
64
30
34
54

169
186
97

193
191
121
105

113,755
6,227
2,370
3,857
12,506
80,807
33,107
28,774
18,926
11,087
6,670
4,417
3,128

114,825
5,860
2,143
3,717
12,175
82,572
33,248
29,992
19,332
11,026
6,531
4,495
3,193

61,642
3,127

61,948
3,012
1,111

52,113
3,100
1,168
1,931
6,019

May

May

1989

1990

117,039
6,459
2,471
3,988
12,864
82,741
33,940
29,445
19,356
11,503
6,873
4,630
3,472

107

296
1,483
665
485
332
315
143
171
291

1,201
1,926
6,487
44,047
18,292
15,478

10,277
6,227
3,730
2,498
1,752

10,742
6,488
3,806

1,902
6,333
44,689
18,191
16,116
10,383
6,148
3,638
2,510

1,766

37,212
14,983
13,482
8,746

4,961
2,999
1,961
1,428

101

59
42
53

36,760
14,815
13,296

8,649
4,860

2,940
1,920
1,375

5,896
38,388
15,250
14,067
9,071
4,983

2,954
2,029
1,475

506

61
44
48
52,876
2,847
1,032
1,815
5,842
37,882

15,057
13,876
8,950
4,878
2,893
1,985
1,427

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
May
1989

Total

May
1990

16 years
and over
May
1989

May
1990

Women
2 0 .years
and over

May
1989

May
1990

16 years
and over
May
1989

20 years
and over

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

117,039 118,277 64,220 64,624 60,899 61,417 52,819 53,653 49,682 50,742
30,542 16,791 16,569 16,674 16,464 13,836 13,974 13,730 13,882
14,733 9,084 8,828 9,047 8,786 5,957 5,905 5,919 5,866
597
366
336
336
366
238
230
238
230
10,178 6,762 6,493 6,728 6,461
3,784 3,684 3,754 3,658
3,959 1,986
1,968 1,983 1,959 1,935 1,991
1,927 1,978
15,809 7,707
7,741 7,627 7,677 7,879 8,068 7,811 8,016
1,803
1,666 1,679 1,666
1,681
160
137
160
137
528
549
801
549
528
320
320
272
271
291
306
394
309
291
143
103
140
103
868
735
753
753
734
127
127
133
133
2,325
314
329
333
313 1,877 2,011
1,877 2,007
778
499
390
392
497
307
279
305
276
4,145
1,133 1,094 1,120 2,895 3,012 2,863 2,994
1,105
589
601
736
589
601
190
147
190
147
3,959 1,985
1,985 1,927 1,939 1,860 1,974 1,829 1,947

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration .
Other executive, administrative, and managerial ...
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

30,627
15,041
574
10,546
3,921
15,586
1,840
870
451
880
2,210
699
3,999
791
3,846

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science.
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services .
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,786 37,141 12,517 13,062 11,945 12,421 23,269 24,079 21,588 22,488
3,613 3,910
1,822 1,973 1,775 1,909 1,762 1,888
2,001
1,838
1,317
1,297
213
213
215
210 1,082 1,105 1,080 1,094
1,239
1,125
891
968
883
951
271
234
230
265
1,354
1,191
821
725
732
812
459
533
452
529
14,005 14,355 7,027
7,279 6,648 6,895 6,979 7,076 5,871 6,038
3,890 2,572
3,931
2,558 2,546 2,538 1,359 1,332 1,333 1,302
2,333 2,419
1,385 1,302 1,374 1,015 1,034
1,317
980 1,009
1,627
1,586
1,248 1,256 1,242
1,267
319
379
315
370
6,070 6,331
2,062 1,524 1,714 4,220 4,269 3,187 3,302
1,850
87
85
26
20
20
26
65
61
56
56
18,168 18,875
3,652 3,782 3,475 3,554 14,516 15,094 13,955 14,562
727
329
327
796
327
327
400
467
399
465
310
298
879
845
306
299
539
569
513
553
62
77
4,616
4,682
84
56 4,598 4,554 4,459 4,412
215
218
2,414 2,485
225
209 2,189 2,270 2,165 2,232
589
572
921
599
946
559
347
332
333
317
2,276 1,984 2,104 6,443 6,902 6,087 6,584
2,111
8,554 9,179

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective.
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,434 15,611
743
878
1,947
1,916
12,640 12,921
5,268
5,315
2,098 2,055
3,032
2,934
2,566
2,292

5,370
12
1,640
3,719
1,512
210
1,560
437

9,182
832
313
8,037
3,186
1,873
1,128
1,851

9,355
728
270
8,356
3,115
1,832
1,327
2,083

8,092
690
290
7,112
2,505
1,776
1,069
1,761

8,388
651
251
7,486
2,527
1,762
1,276
1,920

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.

13,551 13,638 12,428 12,556 12,119 12,278
4,383 4,199
4,465 4,508 4,304
4,650
5,165
4,697
5,258 4,828
4,949
5,061
3,093 3,086 3,039 3,017
3,953 3,915

1,123
142
121

1,082
161
93
829

1,107
142
116
849

1,063
160
91
812

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,037 17,665 13,243 13,091 12,142 12,062
4,725 4,650 4,551
8,004 4,808
8,312
3,847 3,852 3,734 3,713
6,773 6,519
2,525 2,440
3,765 3,625 2,501
2,436
1,327
1,346
3,008 2,895
1,294
1,277
1,485
1,539
874
960
916
838
4,925 4,845 4,474 4,390
4,323 4,272
3,632 3,598 3,213 3,179
3,083 3,095
1,247
1,293
1,210
1,261
1,240
1,177
4,817
4,800
3,976 3,169
3,961
3,240
822
713
807
691
634
732
3,994 3,270 3,169
4,087
2,535 2,508

4,794
3,504
2,926
1,264
1,661
579
452
419
32
838
22
816

4,574
3,278
2,668
1,100
1,568
611
455
419
36
840
15
826

4,587
3,412
2,854
1,238
1,616
558
438
408
29
737
20
718

4,380
3,191
2,611
1,075
1,536
580
438
403
35
750
14
737

614
205
410

590
201
389

576
204
373

540
201
339

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations .

28




3,604
1,225
2,379

3,679
1,373
2,307

6,252
47
1,603
4,602
2,129
226
1,806
442

2,989
1,021
1,969

6,257
14
1,677
4,566
2,154
224
1,705
483

3,089
1,172
1,917

5,336
38
1,571
3,727
1,480
211
1,656
380

2,683
1,015
1,668

2,823
1,167
1,656

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

117,039
100.0

118,277
100.0

64,220
100.0

64,624
100.0

52,819
100.0

53,653
100.0

26.2
12.9
13.3
30.6

25.8

26.1

12.5
13.4
31.4
3.3
12.1
16.0

14.1
12.0

25.6
13.7
12.0
20.2
3.1
11.3

26.2
11.3
14.9

26.0
11.0
15.0

44.9
3.6
13.2

6.2
4.8

44.1
3.4
13.2
27.5
17.4
1.6
.6
15.2
2.1
9.1
6.6
.9
1.6
1.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

4.1
4.1
3.1

19.5
2.9
10.9
5.7
9.7
.1
2.5
7.2
19.4
20.6
7.5
7.0
6.2
4.7

101,412
100.0

102,350
100.0

56,333
100.0

56,574
100.0

45,079
100.0

45,776
100.0

27.3
13.6
13.8
30.8
3.0
12.5
15.3
11.9
.6
1.5

26.9

27.4
15.0
12.4

26.8
14.4
12.3
20.5
3.1
11.9
5.5
8.7

27.2

27.1

11.8
15.4

11.6

3.1
12.0
15.5
13.2
.8
1.6
10.8

13.2
.6
1.6

10.9

11.6

11.5

15.4

14.9
6.8

7.1
4.2
4.1
3.1

5.9
9.7
2.6
7.1
19.4
20.3
7.3
6.8

28.1
17.4

1.4
.5
15.6
2.0
8.5
6.1
.8
1.6
1.1

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.2
13.8
31.8
3.3
12.8
15.7

12.0
.5
1.5
9.9

19.5

2.9
11.5
5.2

44.9
3.2
13.8
27.9

15.5
45.7
3.5
13.8
28.4
16.0

12.0
14.6
6.7
4.1
3.8
3.3

11.9
3.9
3.9
3.3

8.6
.1
2.3
6.3
20.0
19.6
7.3
6.7
5.7
4.9

11,882
100.0

12,093
100.0

5,889
100.0

5,957
100.0

5,993
100.0

6,136
100.0

15.8
7.0
8.7
28.1
3.1
7.6

15.4
6.6
8.8
28.7
2.9
7.4
18.4
22.8
1.7
2.9
18.2
9.3
22.2
10.0
6.2
6.0
1.7

13.1

13.2
6.9
6.4

18.4
7.2
11.2
38.8
4.0
9.2
25.7
27.4
3.8
1.1
22.5
1.7

17.4

9.8

14.1
6.3

16.1
1.3
.5

2.4
6.3
19.9
19.1
7.0
6.4
5.8
5.0

14.2
2.1
8.4
6.0
.8
1.6
1.3

1.1
.5
14.5
2.0
8.0
5.6
.9
1.5
1.2

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing




17.4
23.5
2.0
2.9
18.5
8.4
22.4
9.9
5.9
6.6
1.8

6.9
6.2
17.3
2.1
6.1
9.1
19.4
.2
4.7

14.5
15.2

31.7
9.6
10.7
11.3
3.3

16.1
2.1
5.5
8.5

17.9
4.8
13.1
16.6
32.9
10.8
11.7
10.4
3.1

13.3
10.1

1.3
1.9
.4

6.3
11.1
40.8
3.7
9.1
28.0
27.5
3.4

.9
23.2
2.3
11.7

9.1
.9
1.7
.3

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
May 1990
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

SelfWage and
employed
salary
workers
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

105,779
5,768
2,118
3,650
11,868
31,199
27,256
17,304
9,780
5,834
3,946
2,603

972
127
76
51
103
167
144
134
166
74
93
132

18,167
308
96
212
1,120
4,451
5,742
3,904
2,149
1,304
844
493

86,640
5,334
1,946
3,387
10,645
26,581
21,371
13,267
7,465
4,456
3,009
1,978

8,774
71
21
49
273
2,000
2,679
1,964
1,214
681
532
575

272
21
4
17
34
49
56
65
32
15
17
15

1,795
219
92
127
284
564
336
168
159
77
82
66

1,534
17
11
6
66
289
341
293
269
144
125
260

123
23
11
12
6
17
29
19
18
8
10
10

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
•
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

56,398
2,964
1,092
1,872
6,162
17,027
14,452
9,115
5,321
3,172
2,149
1,358

142
49
32
17
16
22
18
13
14
4
10
11

8,370
139
46
91
473
2,117
2,595
1,772
1,044
610
434
230

47,886
2,776
1,012
1,764
5,672
14,888
11,840
7,330
4,263
2,558
1,705
1,117

5,496
39
18
22
155
1,154
1,656
1,267
825
467
359
399

55
9
1
8
16
10
8
1
1

1,281
14
10
3
58
244
274
237
220
111
109
234

42
20
11
9
6
3
2
2

2
9

1,352
161
64
98
237
430
239
120
114
57
57
51

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,381
2,804
1,026
1,778
5,706
14,172
12,805
8,189
4,459
2,663
1,797
1,245

830
78
44
34
87
145
126
121
153
70
83
121

9,797
166
47
121
647
2,334
3,147
2,132
1,105
695
410
264

38,754
2,558
935
1,623
4,972
11,693
9,531
5,937
3,202
1,898
1,304
860

3,279
31
3
28
118
846
1,023
696
388
215
174
176

217
12
2
9
17
39
48
64
30
15
15
6

443
57
28
29
47
134
97
47
45
20
25
16

253
3
1
2
8
44
67
56
49
33
16
25

81
3
1
3

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

30




7
3

14
27
18
12
8
4
7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
May 1990
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .,
Professional services....
Public administration
1

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminiscians
trative
ployed
Private
Profestrative,
Other
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
specialty related
including
hold
manasupport
clerical
gerial

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperforestry,
tion,
Transpor- Handlers,
ators,
equipment
and
craft,
tation
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

37
12
80
760
319
441

131
90
416
2,367
1,364
1,002

25
8
32
339
172
166

29
248
4,522
3,930
2,716
1,214

10
17
111
6,519
3,625
2,895

42
134
504
839
446
394

33
19
881
1,133
528
605

2,931
5
26
103
92
11

460
430
83
347

341
339
139 10,140
54 1,861
85 8,278

2,133
2,335
790
1,545

292
4,328
22
4,306

1,263
1,424
347
1,077

114
337
132
204

1,779
973
486
488

444
1,818
366
1,453

18
44
15
29

209
11,905
10
11,895
10,536
814

175 1,932
2,114 1,032
8
2,107 1,032
1,720
166
21
239

3,119
6,549
5
6,544
4,787
1,736

337
8,091
91
8,000
4,526
1,417

156
1,822
21
1,801
400
243

14
848
2
846
214
34

17
503
9
494
280
53

19
429
10
419
103
40

86
414
80
334
78
53

3,452
752
7,800
21,008
12,337
8,670

92
118
1,043
2,530
1,419
1,111

89
72
116
1,715
1,138
577

8,118
23,982
4,679
19,303

936
2,014
522
1,492

8,185
39,126
985
38,141
25,470
5,854

2,121
4,676
7
4,669
2,661
1,204

33
30
69
772
518
254

743
743

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
May
1989

May
1990

Paid absences
May
1989

May
1990

Unpaid absences

May
1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

2,149
1,294
582

1,891
490
636

1,777
389
650

Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,578
1,981
1,291
141
49
1,116

4,485
1,903
1,346
74
30
1,132

4,483
1,956
1,268
121
49
1,089

4,414
1,887
1,320
60
30
1,116

2,069
1,276
523

269

273

765

737

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,261
1,076
613
572

2,229
1,012
654
562

2,190
1,060
594
536

2,174
1,001
639
533

1,071
741
242
88

1,130
714
290
126

828
209
285
334

791
177
305
310

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,317
905
678
734

2,257
891
691
675

2,293
896
674
723

2,240
886
681
673

999
535
282
182

1,017
579
291
148

1,063
282
351
430

985
212
346
427

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
May 1990
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

113,791

3,381

110,411

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

25,619
760
4,534
13,070
7,256

944
40
216
462
226

24,675
720
4,317
12,608
7,030

22.5
.7
4.0
11.5
6.4

27.9
1.2
6.4
13.7
6.7

22.3
.7
3.9
11.4
6.4

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

88,172
7,540
46,526
34,106
12,192
12,474
9,440

2,436
140
733
1,563
230
456
877

85,736
7,400
45,793
32,543
11,962
12,018
8,563

77.5
6.6
40.9
30.0
10.7
11.0
8.3

72.1
4.1
21.7
46.2
6.8
13.5
25.9

77.7
6.7
41.5
29.5
10.8
10.9
7.8

39.6
43.9

44.1
51.3

39.4
43.7

Total, 16 years and over

,

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

25,619

6,415

19,204

24,675

6,147

18,528

4,565
2,224
48
253
81
1,958

1,686
1,303
48
253
81

2,879
921

4,419
2,132
47
247
79
1,914

1,632
1,259
47
247
79

2,787
873

21,054
13,671
1,375
1,423
533
11

4,729

20,256
13,188
1,371
1,390
392
11

4,514

1,958

1,375
1,261
533
11

16,325
13,671
162

1,914

1,371
1,239
392
11

15,742
13,188
151

1,825
2,251

1,584

1,825
667

1,784
2,156

1,538

1,784
618

22.6
20.9

24.7
26.0

21.4
19.4

22.7
20.9

24.7
26.0

21.5
19.5

1,551
5,704

757
2,579

794
3,125

1,504
5,526

738
2,476

766
3,050

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

110,411

4,419

15,742

90,250

57,707

11,962

20,581

39.4

43.7

101,817

3,836

14,164

83,817

54,861

11,367

17,588

39.3

43.4

705

12

6

688

365

112

211

46.1

46.7

6,037

359

235

5,444

3,683

653

1,107

40.5

42.7

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,790
11,628
8,162

494
189
305

692
275
417

18,603
11,163
7,440

11,848
7,070
4,779

3,092
1,882
1,210

3,663
2,211
1,451

42.2
42.6
41.5

43.4
43.4
43.3

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,420
21,242
7,279

213
1,117
127

417
5,189
623

6,790
14,937
6,529

4,376
8,918
4,494

897
2,226
774

1,517
3,792
1,262

42.2
37.2
40.3

44.1
44.3
42.6

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

33,685
946
32,739
5,658

1,438
145
1,293
78

6,681
410
6,271
321

25,566
391
25,175
5,259

17,370
255
17,115
3,806

3,022
32
2,990
591

5,173
104
5,069
863

37.5
27.9
37.8
41.0

43.1
46.2
43.1
42.6

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,322
272

569
14

1,448
129

6,305
128

2,788
58

588
7

2,929
63

41.0
34.1

48.1
47.6

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

110,411
5,652
2,043
3,609
104,758
11,781
92,977
60,983
28,998
2,996

4,419
334
64
270
4,085
699
3,386
2,263
955
168

15,742
3,627
1,841
1,786
12,115
2,115
9,999
5,464
3,040
1,495

90,250
1,691
139
1,553
88,559
8,967
79,592
53,256
25,003
1,333

57,707
1,334
109
1,225
56,373
6,384
49,989
32,877
16,177
935

32,543
357
30
327
32,186
2,583
29,602
20,379
8,826
398

39.4
23.9
16.7
27.9
40.3
37.0
40.7
41.2
40.8
29.1

43.7
39.9
37.0
40.2
43.8
42.1
44.0
44.1
43.9
43.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,774
2,912
1,070
1,842
56,862
6,150
50,712
33,266
15,792
1,653

2,054
185
44
141
1,869
336
1,533
1,018
443
73

4,803
1,789
950
838
3,015
887
2,127
792
576
759

52,917
938
76
862
51,979
4,927
47,052
31,456
14,773
821

30,041
703
57
645
29,338
3,259
26,079
16,913
8,620
545

22,876
235
18
217
22,640
1,667
20,973
14,543
5,153
276

42.3
24.9
17.4
29.3
43.2
38.7
43.8
44.4
43.7
30.7

45.2
41.0
38.8
41.2
45.3
43.1
45.5
45.7
45.3
43.8

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,636
2,740
973
1,767
47,896
5,631
42,265
27',717
13,204
1,343

2,365
149
20
129
2,216
362
1,854
1,247
513
95

10,938
1,838
890
948
9,100
1,228
7,872
4,673
2,463
736

37,333
753
63
690
36,580
4,040
32,540
21,797
10,228
512

27,666
631
51
580
27,035
3,125
23,910
15,962
7,555
390

9,667
122
12
110
9,545
916
8,629
5,835
2,673
122

36.0
22.8
16.0
26.5
36.8
35.1
37.0
37.3
37.3
27.0

41.6
38.5

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

95,300
52,187
43,113

3,607
1,680
1,927

14,143
4,207
9,935

77,551
46,300
31,251

48,049
25,407
22,642

29,502
20,894
8,609

39.5
42.6
35.9

44.0
45.5
41.7

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,470
5,622
5,848

668
302
366

1,161
413
747

9,641
4,907
4,734

7,529
3,567
3,962

2,112
1,340
772

38.4
40.2
36.7

41.8
43.1
40.5

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,868
6,388
15,518

957
283
814

1,410
309
3,085

35,501
5,796
11,620

19,140
3,314
7,587

16,361
2,481
4,033

44.2
43.1
37.4

45.8
45.4
43.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

28,324
10,185
12,128

1,124
560
682

6,461
1,291
3,186

20,738
8,334
8,261

15,612
5,852
6,202

5,127
2,482
2,059

35.9
38.6
34.2

41.4
42.4
41.3

O
38.9
41.6
40.8
41.8
41.7
41.9
42.0

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1990
On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
49
on full41 to 48
total
hours
time
hours
at work
or more
schedules

110,196

4,370

15,711

90,116

57,541

11,951

20,623

39.5

43.7

29,493
14,265
15,229
35,661
3,700
13,846
18,115
15,003
722
1,870
12,411
13,115
16,923
7,693
4,631
4,600

526
200
326
1,124
68
565
492
1,139
105
39
995
569
1,012
370
237
405

2,833
723
2,110
6,437
410
2,887
3,141
4,341
308
170
3,864
446
1,652
372
397
883

26,134
13,342
12,793
28,099
3,222
10,395
14,482
9,523
310
1,661
7,552
12,100
14,259
6,951
3,997
3,311

14,371
6,832
7,540
19,256
2,267
5,460
11,529
6,787
212
1,000
5,575
7,724
9,403
4,883
2,114
2,406

3,523
1,838
1,685
3,522
457
1,406
1,659
1,027
22
239
766
1,748
2,132
1,108
558
466

8,240
4,672
3,568
5,322
498
3,529
1,294
1,710
75
423
1,212
2,628
2,724
959
1,325
439

42.4
44.5
40.6
38.0
39.9
39.3
36.7
34.4
28.2
42.6
33.6
41.8
39.9
40.5
43.1
35.7

45.3
46.1
44.6
42.8
42.6
45.7
40.8
42.9
45.6
45.5
42.2
43.5
43.4
42.3
46.6
42.0

59,379

2,007

4,708

52,664

29,812

7,421

15,431

42.4

45.3

16,124
8,600
7,524
12,593
1,882
7,093
3,617
6,042
15
1,603
4,424
12,079
12,541
4,539
4,200
3,802

243
121
123
279
31
142
106
317
3
32
282
500
668
129
212
327

778
275
504
1,275
112
708
456
1,232
5
120
1,108
347
1,075
134
241
701

15,102
8,204
6,898
11,038
1,739
6,243
3,056
4,494
7
1,452
3,034
11,232
10,798
4,276
3,747
2,775

7,026
3,511
3,515
5,906
1,143
2,628
2,135
2,995
6
853
2,135
7,089
6,796
2,871
1,940
1,985

2,053
1,136
917
1,597
275
884
438
545
199
346
1,613
1,612
680
534
398

6,022
3,557
2,465
3,535
321
2,731
483
954
1
400
553
2,530
2,389
725
1,273
392

45.5
46.6
44.3
42.5
41.8
44.5
38.9
37.8
(2)
43.6
35.7
42.1
40.8
42.0
44.0
35.8

47.3
47.8
46.6
45.7
43.5
47.9
42.5
44.1
(2)
46.0
43.2
43.7
44.2
43.2
46.8
42.1

50,818

2,363

11,003

37,452

27,729

4,530

5,192

36.0

41.6

13,370
5,665
7,705
23,069
1,818
6,753
14,497
8,961
708
268
7,986
1,036
4,382
3,154
431
797

282
79
203
846
37
423
386
822
102
8
712
69
344
241
25
79

2,055
448
1,607
5,162
298
2,179
2,685
3,109
303
51
2,756
99
577
238
156
183

11,033
5,137
5,895
17,061
1,483
4,152
11,426
5,030
302
209
4,518
868
3,461
2,675
250
536

7,345
3,320
4,025
13,350
1,124
2,831
9,395
3,792
206
146
3,440
635
2,607
2,012
174
420

1,470
702
768
1,924
182
522
1,221
482
23
40
420
135
519
428
23
68

2,218
1,115
1,103
1,787
177
798
811
755
74
23
658
98
335
235
52
48

38.8
41.2
36.9
35.6
37.9
33.8
36.1
32.2
28.2
36.4
32.4
38.4
37.2
38.2
33.7
35.1

42.7
43.2
42.2
40.9
41.4
42.4
40.3
41.8
45.7
42.4
41.5
41.4
41.1
40.8
43.6
41.3

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1990

Employment status and sex
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

I Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

187,854 187,995
125,224 125,777
66.9
66.7
118,805 119,208
63.4
63.2
1,673 1,666
117,132 117,542
3,137 3,138
113,995 114,404
6,419 6,569
5.2
5.1
62,630 62,218

188,149 188,286 188,428 188,580 188,721 188,865 188,990
125,679 125,758 125,725 125,857 126,192 126,246 126,094
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.8
66.8
66.9
66.7
119,102 119,238 119,121 119,294 119,540 119,588 119,560
63.2
63.3
63.3
63.3
63.3
63.3
63.3
1,666 1,688 1,702 1,709 1,704 1,700 1,697
117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863
3,217 3,275 3,219 3,197 3,160 3,197 3,134
114,219 114,275 114,200 114,388 114,676 114,691 114,728
6,577 6,520 6,604 6,563 6,652 6,658 6,535
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
62,470 62,528 62,703 62,723 62,529 62,619 62,896

189,090 189,198
126,308 126,498
66.8
66.9
119,713 120,003
63.3
63.4
1,678 1,669
118,035 118,334
3,079 3,200
114,957 115,133
6,594 6,495
5.2
5.1
62,782 62,700

189,326 189,467
126,543 126,643
66.8
66.8
119,773 119,989
63.3
63.3
1,657 1,639
118,116 118,350
3,133 3,305
114,983 115,045
6,770 6,653
5.3
5.3
62,783 62,824

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

90,167 90,237 90,315
69,142 69,542 69,366
76.8
77.1
76.7
65,713 66,078 65,939
73.0
73.2
72.9
1,511 1,501 1,499
64,202 64,577 64,440
3,429 3,464 3,427
4.9
5.0
5.0
21,025 20,695 20,949

90,384
69,404
76.8
65,919
72.9
1,519
64,400
3,485
5.0
20,980

90,456
69,360
76.7
65,681
72.6
1,531
64,150
3,679
5.3
21,096

90,606 90,678 90,772
69,635 69,725 69,539
76.9
76.9
76.6
66,011 66,143 65,943
72.9
72.9
72.6
1,529 1,525 1,523
64,482 64,618 64,420
3,624 3,582 3,597
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
20,936 20,971 20,953 21,233

90,535
69,599
76,9
66,046
73.0
1,533
64,513
3,553

90,822
69,639
76.7
66,108
72.8
1,506
64,602
3,530
5.1
21,183

90,874 90,942 91,014
69,712 69,779 69,737
76.7
76.7
76.6
66,208 66,043 66,058
72.9
72.6
72.6
1,497 1,499 1,472
64,711 64,544 64,586
3,505 3,735 3,679
5.0
5.4
5.3
21,162 21,163 21,277

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

97,687
56,082
57.4
53,092
54.3
162
52,930
2,990
5.3

97,758 97,834 97,902 97,972 98,045 98,115 98,187 98,216 98,268 98,324 98,383 98,453

56,235
57.5
53,130
54.3
165
52,965
3,105
5.5
41,605 41,523

56,313 56,354 56,365 56,258
57.5
57.6
57.4
57.6
53,163 53,319 53,440 53,248
54.3
54.5
54.5
54.3
176
171
169
167
52,996 53,150 53,269 53,072
3,150 3,035 2,925 3,010
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.6
41,521 41,548 41,607 41,787

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36




56,557 56,521 56,555 56,669
57.6
57.6
57.6
57.7
53,529 53,445 53,617 53,605
54.4
54.6
54.6
54.5
175
175
174
172
53,354 53,270 53,443 53,433
3,028 3,076 2,938 3,064
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
41,558 41,666 41,663 41,599

56,785
57.8
53,795
54.7
172
53,623
2,990
5.3
41,539

56,764
57.7
53,729
54.6
158
53,571
3,034
5.3
41,619

56,906
57.8
53,931
54.8

167
53,764
2,975
5.2
41,547

Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1989
May

June

July

Aug.

1990

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

186,181 186,329 186,483 186,598 186,726 186,871 187,017 187,165 187,293 187,412 187,529 187,669 187,828
123,551 124,111 124,013 124,070 124,023 124,148 124,488 124,546 124,397 124,630 124,829 124,886 125,004
66.5
66.6
66.5
66.4
66.5
66.4
66.4
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.6
66.6
66.5
117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863 118,035 118,334 118,116 118,350
63.0
63.1
63.0
62.9
63.0
62.9
62.9
63.0
62.9
63.0
63.0
63.1
62.9
6,419 6,569 6,577 6,520 6,604 6,563 6,652 6,658 6,535 6,594 6,495 6,770 6,653
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

81,524
63,535
77.9
60,774
74.5
2,295
58,479
2,761
4.3
17,989

81,592 81,679
63,874 63,736
78.0
78.3
61,072 60,915
74.6
74.9
2,279 2,329
58,793 58,586

81,754 81,790 81,905
63,717 63,771 63,918
77.9
78.0
78.0
60,861 60,729 61,026
74.2
74.4
74.5
2,340 2,330 2,304
58,521 58,399 58,722

90,432
52,120
57.6
49,649
54.9
633
49,016
2,471
4.7
38,312

90,526
52,219
57.7
49,687
54.9
622
49,065
2,532
4.8

90,607
52,385
57.8
49,817
55.0
639
49,178
2,568
4.9
38,307 38,222

90,684
52,352
57.7
49,875
55.0
642
49,233
2,477
4.7
38,332

81,968 82,055 82,168 82,248 82,378 82,487 82,581
63,967 64,071 63,958 64,101 64,183 64,251 64,312
78.0
78.1
77.8
77.9
77.9
77.9
77.9

61,033 61,154 60,976 61,172 61,270 61,138 61,265
74.5
74.5
74.4
74.2
74.4
74.1
74.2
2,292 2,293 2,269 2,254 2,268 2,258 2,388
58,741 58,861 58,706 58,918 59,002 58,879 58,877
2,856 3,042 2,892 2,934 2,917 2,983 2,929 2,913 3,113 3,047
2,802 2,821
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.8
4.7
17,718 17,943 18,037 18,019 17,987 18,001 17,984 18,210 18,147 18,195 18,236 18,269

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

90,771
52,358
57.7
49,984
55.1
660
49,324
2,374
4.5
38,413

90,860
52,281
57.5
49,796
54.8
641
49,155
2,485

90,952
52,541
57.8
50,043
55.0
624
49,419
2,498

91,042 91,091 91,157 91,237 91,330 91,414
52,586 52,686 52,814 52,800 52,954 53,146
57.8
57.8
57.9
57.9
58.0
58.1
50,048 50,255 50,287 50,344 50,427 50,709
55.0
55.2
55.2
55.2
55.2
55.5
618
594
582
648
669
680

49,430 49,661 49,704 49,696 49,758 50,029
2,538 2,431 2,527 2,456 2,526 2,438
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.6
38,579 38,411 38,456 38,405 38,343 38,437 38,376 38,268

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
2

14,224 14,211 14,196 14,160 14,166 14,107 14,097 14,067 14,034 14,008 13,914 13,852 13,832
7,896 8,018 7,892 8,001 7,894 7,949 7,980 7,889 7,752 7,715 7,846 7,681 7,545
55.7
55.6
56.4
56.6
56.5
56.1
56.3
55.5
55.2
55.1
56.4
55.4
54.6
6,709 6,783 6,704 6,814 6,706 6,763 6,760 6,686 6,631 6,577 6,720 6,551 6,376
47.3
48.1
47.2
47.7
47.5
48.0
47.9
47.2
47.3
47.0
48.3
47.3
46.1
229
249
244
252
293
237
286
209
270
243
285
206
237
6,500 6,546 6,455 6,521 6,477 6,511 6,516 6,400 6,361 6,334 6,435 6,345 6,139
1,187 1,235 1,188 1,187 1,188 1,186 1,220 1,203 1,121 1,138 1,126 1,130 1,169
15.1
15.0
14.8
15.3
14.9
15.4
15.0
15.2
14.5
14.8
14.4
14.7
15.5
6,328 6,193 6,304 6,159 6,272 6,158 6,117 6,178 6,282 6,293 6,068 6,171 6,287

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1989
May

June

July

Aug.

1990

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

159,200 159,297 159,400 159,470 159,549 159,644 159,736 159,832 159,938 160,007 160,076 160,170 160,271
106,152 106,474 106,384 106,485 106,393 106,618 106,834 106,896 106,884 107,080 107,061 107,133 107,353
66.8
66.7
66.8
66.8
66.9
66.7
66.8
66.9
66.7
66.9
66.9
67.0
66.9
101,432 101,683 101,546 101,684 101,579 101,862 101,991 102,032 102,074 102,117 102,206 102,027 102,362
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.8
63.9
63.7
4,720 4,791 4,838 4,801 4,814 4,756 4,843 4,864 4,811 4,962 4,856 5,106 4,991
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

55,280 55,544 55,463 55,443 55,465 55,626 55,676 55,747 55,771 55,815 55,828 55,826 55,919
78.4
78.5
78.3
78.7
78.4
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.4
78.4
78.3
78.3
78.3
53,222 53,437 53,331 53,307 53,153 53,483 53,482 53,580 53,560 53,547 53,593 53,425 53,578
75.1
75.4
75.3
75.4
75.5
75.7
75.4
75.5
75.4
75.2
75.2
75.1
74.9
2,107 2,132 2,136 2,312 2,143 2,194 2,167 2,211 2,268 2,235 2,400 2,341
2,058
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

44,057 44,076 44,230 44,184 44,198 44,207 44,360 44,469 44,475 44,615 44,523 44,740 44,925
57.2
57.4
57.3
57.1
57.2
57.3
57.4
57.4
57.5
57.2
57.8
57.6
57.2
42,268 42,279 42,377 42,391 42,520 42,437 42,586 42,641 42,718 42,782 42,765 42,895 43,165
55.1
55.0
54.9
55.0
54.9
54.9
55.0
55.1
55.2
54.8
55.5
55.2
54.8
1,789 1,797 1,853 1,793 1,678 1,770 1,774 1,828 1,757 1,833 1,758 1,844 1,760
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.1
3.9
4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,815
58.9
5,942
51.3
873
12.8
14.1
11.4

6,854
59.3
5,967
51.6
887
12.9
13.5
12.3

6,691
58.0
5,838
50.6
853
12.7
12.8
12.6

6,858
59.6
5,986
52.0
872
12.7
13.1
12.3

6,730
58.7
5,906
51.5
824
12.2
13.3
11.1

6,785
59.4
5,942
52.0
843
12.4
13.8
10.9

6,798
59.7
5,923
52.0
875
12.9
14.3
11.3

6,680
58.9
5,811
51.2
869
13.0
14.0
11.9

6,639
58.7
5,796
51.3
843
12.7
12.9
12.4

6,650
59.0
5,788
51.4
862
13.0
12.7
13.2

6,710
59.8
5,847
52.1
863
12.9
13.0
12.7

6,568
58.8
5,707
51.1
861
13.1
13.8
12.4

6,509
58.4
5,619
50.4
890
13.7
14.2
13.1

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,986 21,012 21,038 21,060 21,085 21,108 21,136 21,164 21,163 21,188 21,211 21,228 21,261
13,454 13,569 13,548 13,476 13,518 13,507 13,576 13,522 13,510 13,437 13,581 13,570 13,587
64.1
63.6
63.9
64.2
64.0
64.0
63.4
64.4
64.0
64.6
64.1
63.9
63.9
11,962 11,969 12,063 11,961 11,938 11,923 11,954 11,920 11,978 12,030 12,148 12,161 12,179
56.6
56.6
56.6
56.5
56.8
56.8
56.3
57.3
57.3
57.0
57.0
57.3
57.3
1,492 1,600 1,485 1,515 1,580 1,584 1,622 1,602 1,532 1,407 1,433 1,409 1,408
11.7
11.7
11.2
11.3
11.9
10.5
11.8
11.0
10.6
11.8
10.4
11.1
10.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

593
9.6

6,209
74.1
5,621
67.1
588
9.5

6,198
73.9
5,584
66.6
614
9.9

6,239
74.6
5,610
67.0
629
10.1

6,234
74.2
5,593
66.6
641
10.3

6,247
74.2
5,587
66.4
660
10.6

6,244
74.0
5,569
66.0
675
10.8

6,189
73.5
5,496
65.2
693

6,172
73.3
5,603
66.6
569
9.2

6,227
73.6
5,631
66.5
596
9.6

6,240
73.7
5,651
66.8
589
9.4

6,241
73.5
5,672
66.8
569
9.1

6,401
61.1
5,732
54.7
669
10.5

6,386
60.9
5,755
54.9
631
9.9

6,362
60.6
5,753
54.8
609
9.6

6,360
60.5
5,743
54.6
617
9.7

6,336
60.2
5,706
54.2
630
9.9

6,373
60.4
5,722
54.2
651
10.2

6,311
59.7
5,681
53.8
630
10.0

6,393
60.5
5,802
54.9
591
9.2

6,423
60.7

6,456
60.9
5,872
55.4
584
9.0

6,451
60.8
5,858
55.2
594
9.2

6,516

6,209
74.3
5,617
67.3
592
9.5

6,206
74.2
5,613

6,341
60.6
5,734
54.8
607

67.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38




9.6

5,821
55.0
602

9.4

61.3
5,921
55.7
595
9.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1989
May

June

July

Aug.

1990

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

904
41.6
611
28.1
293
32.4
35.4
29.6

962
44.2
624
28.7
338
35.1
33.8
36.8

916
42.2
624
28.7
292
31.9
30.3
33.6

953
43.8
687
31.6
266
27.9
23.2
33.1

919
41.8
585
26.6
334
36.3
33.8
38.8

937
43.0
624
28.6
313
33.4
32.0
34.9

956
44.0
645
29.7
311
32.5
32.3
32.7

967
44.6
670
30.9
297
30.7
30.1
31.4

928
42.8
680
31.3
248
26.7
29.2
24.0

842
38.5
606
27.7
236
28.0
28.5
27.5

898
41.7
645
30.0
253
28.2
30.0
26.2

879
40.8
652
30.3
227
25.8
27.2
24.3

830
38.6
586
27.3
244
29.4
31.1
27.6

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,731 13,772 13,813 13,853 13,894 13,936 13,977 14,019 14,080 14,119 14,159 14,198 14,238
9,359 9,289 9,403 9,361
9,342 9,339 9,424 9,495 9,440 9,400 9,565 9,618 9,669
67.4
67.6
68.1
67.0
67.2
68.2
67.7
67.4
67.0
66.6
67.6
67.9
67.7
8,564 8,595 8,672 8,691
8,619 8,543 8,579 8,541
8,769 8,666 8,831
8,850 8,927
62.0
61.7
62.1
61.7
62.8
62.0
61.6
62.0
61.4
62.3
62.4
62.7
62.3
820
824
746
740
778
804
752
744
671
734
734
768
742
8.0
8.8
8.8
7.9
8.0
8.3
8.5
8.0
7.1
7.8
7.7
7.7
8.0

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

2

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1990

Category
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863 118,035 118,334 118,116 118,350
40,932 41,025 41,067 40,723 40,649 40,839 40,886 41,041 40,982 41,347 40,989 40,730 40,881
29,608 29,499 29,520 29,259 29,506 29,544 29,767 29,695 29,897 29,704 29,618 29,742 30,046
6,349 6,215 6,378 6,291
6,446 6,371
6,429 6,354 6,351
6,325 6,400
6,354 6,401

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,647
1,377
127

1,557
1,411
126

1,685
1,424
127

1,723
1,410
133

1,680
1,424
132

1,678
1,406
124

1,687
1,373
122

1,677
1,369
125

1,634
1,354
107

1,578
1,375
118

105,232
17,305
87,927
1,123
86,804
8,573
299

105,430
17,328
88,102
1,128
86,974
8,578
245

105,353
17,501
87,852
1,094
86,758
8,602
248

105,317
17,559
87,758
1,147
86,611
8,621
272

105,476
17,613
87,863
1,065
86,798
8,581
279

105,504
17,595
87,909
987
86,922
8,610
280

105,960
17,681
88,279
1,051
87,228
8,528
264

105,643
17,728
87,915
1,077
86,838
8,653
251

105,747
17,626
88,121
1,035
87,086
8,733
256

106,117
17,607
88,510
1,021
87,489
8,628
313

1,620
1,457
115

1,621
1,429
112

1,728
1,502
101

106,029 105,938 106,176
17,724 17,816 18,113
88,306 88,122 88,063
1,003
941
957
87,302 87,165 87,122
8,852 8,716 8,783
261
254
258

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,883 4,928 4,773 4,802 4,864 4,767 4,803 4,802 4,983 4,887 5,004 4,871 4,831
2,281 2,321 2,314 2,297 2,277 2,402 2,307 2,476 2,407 2,439
2,314 2,315 2,301
2,307 2,269 2,172 2,142 2,161 2,082 2,162 2,106 2,255 2,211 2,127 2,138 2,052
15,350 15,466 15,577 15,550 15,506 15,368 15,254 15,388 14,931 15,381 15,464 15,193 15,592

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,643 4,738 4,583 4,567 4,605 4,526 4,552 4,554 4,729 4,703 4,747 4,630 4,666
2,137 2,183 2,164 2,129 2,165 2,166 2,132 2,111 2,240 2,183 2,293 2,218 2,317
2,097 2,051
2,172 2,173 2,050 2,096 2,004
2,246 2,198 2,104 2,076 2,095 2,021
14,977 15,016 15,138 15,071 15,076 14,936 14,805 14,983 14,515 14,924 14,975 14,804 15,064

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1990

Sex and age
May
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

June

July

Sept.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888 117,863 118,035 118,334 118,116 118,350

19,748 19,889 19,781 19,813
6,709 6,783 6,704 6,814
2,597 2,557 2,465 2,574
4,115 4,199 4,233 4,236
13,039 13,106 13,077 12,999
97,353 97,643 97,726 97,809
82,458 82,704 82,821 83,064
14,938 14,878 14,914 14,780

19,489 19,487
6,706 6,763
2,571 2,645
4,149 4,130
12,783 12,724
97,946 98,122
83,170 83,316
14,825 14,818

19,482 19,298 19,309 19,247 19,459 19,196 19,080
6,760 6,686 6,631
6,577 6,720 6,551 6,376

2,598
4,152
12,722
98,345
83,594
14,784

2,518 2,501 2,513
4,161 4,132 4,072
12,612 12,678 12,670
98,594 98,547 98,722
83,680 83,690 83,856
14,849 14,805 14,867

2,557

2,460 2,386
4,086 3,992
12,739 12,646 12,704
98,803 98,836 99,285
83,938 83,969 84,344
14,870 14,856 14,971
4,164

64,202 64,577 64,440 64,400 64,150 64,513 64,482 64,618 64,420 64,602 64,711 64,544 64,586
10,249 10,372 10,291 10,275 10,070 10,211 10,123 10,128 10,091 10,071 10,110 10,018
9,992
3,487 3,449 3,464 3,444 3,430 3,441
3,428 3,505 3,525 3,539 3,421
3,407 3,321
1,315 1,305 1,288 1,372 1,280 1,357 1,329 1,308 1,298 1,315 1,317 1,270 1,224
2,090 2,187 2,245 2,159 2,138 2,134 2,140 2,153 2,149 2,121 2,126 2,130 2,071
6,821 6,867 6,766 6,736 6,649 6,724 6,674 6,664 6,647 6,640 6,669 6,611 6,671
53,933 54,197 54,182 54,171 54,095 54,302 54,362 54,494 54,335 54,463 54,558 54,475 54,605
45,388 45,568 45,603 45,708 45,696 45,829 45,938 46,048 45,832 46,013 46,081 46,041 46,099
8,509 8,485 8,480 8,432 8,498
8,539 8,576 8,583 8,462 8,439 8,488 8,432 8,441

52,930 52,965 52,996 53,150 53,269 53,072 53,354 53,270 53,443 53,433 53,623 53,571 53,764
9,499

9,517

9,490

3,281
1,282
2,025

3,278
1,252

3,179

9,538
9,419 9,276 9,359 9,170 9,218 9,176 9,349 9,178 9,088
3,275 3,285 3,276 3,311
3,222 3,187 3,146 3,279 3,144 3,056
1,177 1,202 1,291 1,288 1,269 1,210 1,203 1,198 1,240 1,190 1,162
2,012 1,988 2,077 2,011 1,996 2,012 2,008 1,983 1,951 2,038 1,956 1,921
6,218 6,239 6,311 6,263 6,134 6,000 6,048 5,948 6,030 6,029 6,070 6,034 6,032
43,420 43,446 43,544 43,638 43,851 43,820 43,983 44,100 44,212 44,259 44,245 44,361 44,679
37,070 37,136 37,218 37,356 37,474 37,487 37,656 37,632 37,859 37,844 37,857 37,928 38,245
6,399 6,302 6,331 6,318 6,386 6,330 6,352 6,408 6,296 6,382 6,390 6,424 6,472

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1990

1989
Sex and age
May
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years ...n

55 years and over

40



June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

6,419

6,569

6,577

6,520

6,604

6,563

6,652

6,658

6,535

6,594

6,495

6,770

6,653

2,312
1,187
516
684
1,125
4,060
3,637
453

2,485
1,235
540
719
1,250
4,054
3,546
507

2,419
1,188
530
638
1,231
4,106
3,629
480

2,437
1,187
545
623
1,250
4,069
3,568
473

2,426
1,188
534
684
1,238
4,197
3,701
465

2,428
1,186
536
645
1,242
4,144
3,652
464

2,472
1,220
548
665
1,252
4,188
3,688
496

2,428
1,203
558
645
1,225
4,242
3,744
494

2,299
1,121
434
683
1,178
4,279
3,780
525

2,294
1,138
509
609
1,156
4,304
3,781
526

2,274
1,126
520
615
1,148
4,237
3,727
515

2,425
1,130
519
609
1,295
4,347
3,864
505

2,349
1,169
597
587
1,180
4,245
3,832
464

3,429

3,464

3,427

3,485

3,679

3,553

3,624

3,582

3,597

3,530

3,505

3,735

3,679

1,260
668
302
371
592
2,118
1,863
265

1,332
662
316
347
670
2,102
1,815
275

1,263
606
279
309
657
2,132
1,858
278

1,330
629
295
325
701
2,143
1,821
293

1,361
637
311
340
724
2,313
1,978
310

1,349
661
308
353
688
2,214
1,919
280

1,380
690
312
382
690
2,258
1,967
303

1,361
665
319
346
696
2,238
1,917
314

1,267
614
214
397
653
2,373
2,079
313

1,226
601
259
336
625
2,313
2,018
308

1,236
592
267
336
644
2,291
1,997
300

1,343
622
281
341
721
2,387
2,099
310

1,261
632
318
320
629
2,358
2,089
296

2,990

3,105

3,150

3,035

2,925

3,010

3,028

3,076

2,938

3,064

2,990

3,034

2,975

1,052
519
214
313
533
1,942
1,774
188

1,153
573
224
372
580
1,952
1,731
232

1,156
582
251
329
574
1,974
1,771
202

1,107
558
250
298
549
1,926
1,747
180

1,065
551
223
344
514
1,884
1,723
155

1,079
525
228
292
554
1,930
1,733
184

1,092
530
236
283
562
1,930
1,721
193

1,067
538
239
299
529
2,004
1,827
180

1,032
507
220
286
525
1,906
1,701
212

1,069
537
250
273
532
1,991
1,763
218

1,038
534
253
279
504
1,945
1,730
216

1,082
508
238
268
574
1,961
1,765
195

1,087
537
279
267
550
1,887
1,742
169

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1989

1990

Sex and age
May
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

A-39.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.4

5.3

10.5
15.0
16.6
14.3
7.9
4.0
4.2
2.9

11.1
15.4
17.4
14.6
8.7
4.0
4.1
3.3

10.9
15.1
17.7
13.1
8.6
4.0
4.2
3.1

11.0
14.8
17.5
12.8
8.8
4.0
4.1
3.1

11.1
15.0
17.2
14.2
8.8
4.1
4.3
3.0

11.1
14.9
16.9
13.5
8.9
4.1
4.2
3.0

11.3
15.3
17.4
13.8
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2

11.2
15.2
18.1
13.4
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.2

10.6
14.5
14.8
14.2
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4

10.7
14.8
16.8
13.0
8.4
4.2
4.3
3.4

10.5
14.4
16.9
12.9
8.3
4.1
4.3
3.3

11.2
14.7
17.4
13.0
9.3
4.2
4.4
3.3

11.0
15.5
20.0
12.8
8.5
4.1
4.3
3.0

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.5

5.4

10.9
16.3
18.7
15.1
8.0
3.8
3.9
3.0

11.4
15.9
19.5
13.7
8.9
3.7
3.8
3.1

10.9
14.7
17.8
12.1
8.9
3.8
3.9
3.1

11.5
15.1
17.7
13.1
9.4
3.8
3.8
3.3

11.9
15.7
19.5
13.7
9.8
4.1
4.1
3.5

11.7
15.9
18.5
14.2
9.3
3.9
4.0
3.2

12.0
16.7
19.0
15.1
9.4
4.0
4.1
3.5

11.8
16.1
19.6
13.8
9.5
3.9
4.0
3.6

11.2
15.1
14.2
15.6
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.6

10.9
14.9
16.5
13.7
8.6
4.1
4.2
3.5

10.9
14.7
16.9
13.6
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.4

11.8
15.4
18.1
13.8
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.5

11.2
16.0
20.6
13.4
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.4

5.3

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.2

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.2

10.2
14.4
14.7
14.6
7.7
4.1
4.4
2.4

10.4
13.8
15.0
12.8
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.8

10.4
13.8
15.7
12.3
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.9

10.4
14.3
16.5
13.0
8.2
4.3
4.6
2.7

10.1
13.7
15.5
12.6
8.0
4.1
4.3
3.3

10.4
14.6
17.3
12.3
8.1
4.3
4.5
3.3

10.0
14.0
16.9
12.0
7.7
4.2
4.4
3.3

10.5
13.9
16.7
12.1
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.9

10.7
14.9
19.4
12.2
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.5

10.0
13.7
14.3
13.4
7.9
4.3
4.6
2.9

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

June

10.8
14.9
15.2
15.6
8.5
4.3
4.5
3.6

10.9
15.5
17.6
14.2
8.3
4.3
4.5

10.4
14.6
17.2
12.5
8.1
4.2
4.5
2.8

3.1

Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

(Unemployment rates)
1989

1990

Category
May

June

July

Aug. Sept.

Oct.

Nov. Dec,

Jan.

Feb. Mar.

Apr. May

5.2
4.3
4.7
15.0

5.3
4.4
4.8
15.4

5.3
4.4
4.9
15.1

5.3
4.5
4.7
14.8

5.3
4.8
4.5
15.0

5.3
4.5
4.8
14.9

5.3
4.6
4.8
15.3

5.3
4.6
4.8
15.2

5.3
4.7
4.6
14.5

5.3
4.6
4.8
14.8

5.2
4.5
4.7
14.4

5.4
4.8
4.8
14.7

5.3
4.7
4.6
15.5

4.4
9.6
11.1
7.9

4.5
10.2
11.8
8.0

4.5
9.6
11.0
8.8

4.5
9.7
11.2
8.8

4.5
10.2
11.7
8.3

4.5
10.2
11.7
8.0

4.5
10.3
11.9
8.0

4.6
10.2
11.8
8.5

4.5
10.1
11.3
7.1

4.6
9.2
10.5
7.8

4.5
9.4
10.6
7.7

4.8
9.1
10.4
8.0

4.6
9.3
10.4
7.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.9
3.8
8.2

2.9
3.8
7.9

3.0
3.8
8.5

3.1
3.9
8.0

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.0
3.9
7.8

3.1
3.8
8.2

3.0
3.9
8.1

3.4
3.7
7.5

3.0
3.8
7.5

3.2
3.6
8.4

3.3
3.5
7.5

3.3
3.5
7.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

4.9
6.9
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.7
1.0
6.0

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.9
7.1
1.1
6.0

5.0
7.3
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.1
1.1
5.9

5.0
7.4
1.1
5.9

5.0
7.5
1.1
6.0

5.0
7.0
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.4
1.1
5.9

4.9
7.2
1.1
5.9

5.1
7.1
1.1
6.2

4.9
7.4
1.1
6.0

5.2
5.9
4.6
9.5
4.9
4.6
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.6
4.6
2.9
9.9

5.3
6.2
3.9
10.0
5.1
4.6
5.8
4.9
4.1
6.0
4.3
2.9
10.4

5.4
6.2
5.8
10.3
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.0
4.1
6.1
4.4
2.8
8.9

5.4
6.3
6.4
10.2
5.2
4.9
5.7
4.9
3.7
6.0
4.4
2.7
9.0

5.4
6.3
8.4
10.1
5.2
4.9
5.5
5.0
4.5
5.9
4.5
2.8
7.8

5.3
6.2
4.8
9.3
5.4
5.2
5.6
4.9
3.9
5.9
4.3
2.7
9.8

5.4
6.3
6.2
9.8
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.0
3.6
6.4
4.3
2.7
12.1

5.4
6.5
4.4
9.8
5.6
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.4
6.3
4.2
2.6
9.7

5.5
6.7
6.8
9.3
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.0
4.3
6.2
4.3
2.4
9.2

5.5
6.6
4.8
8.9
5.9
5.5
6.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.4
2.5
9.3

5.5
6.6
5.9
10.0
5.5
5.3
5.9
5.0
3.4
6.2
4.5
2.3
10.1

5.7
6.9
4.6
10.6
5.9
5.7
6.3
5.1
4.3
6.2
4.5
2.1
11.0

5.5
6.7
3.3
11.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.0
3.2
6.3
4.4
2.5
7.9

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1990

Weeks of unemployment
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

3,070
1,993
1,331
711
620

3,279
2,006
1,295
684
611

3,156
1,965
1,461
838
623

3,125
2,002
1,338
759
579

3,169
2,030
1,359
769
590

3,166
1,995
1,378
743
635

3,258
1,991
1,422
765
657

3,302
2,013
1,362
730
632

3,119
2,012
1,430
777
653

3,159
2,079
1,369
731
638

3,194
2,044
1,333
702
631

3,204
2,175
1,386
697
688

3,026
2,236
1,374
764
610

11.9
5.3

11.2
5.4

11.9
5.4

11.4
5.0

11.5
5.0

11.7
5.0

11.6
4.8

11.5
4.8

12.1
5.1

11.7
5.4

12.0
5.1

12.1
5.0

11.6
5.4

100.0
48.0
31.2
20.8
11.1
9.7

100.0
49.8
30.5
19.7
10.4
9.3

100.0
47.9
29.9
22.2
12.7
9.5

100.0
48.3
31.0
20.7
11.7
9.0

100.0
48.3
31.0
20.7
11.7
9.0

100.0
48.4
30.5
21.1
11.4
9.7

100.0
48.8
29.8
21.3
11.5
9.8

100.0
49.5
30.1
20.4
10.9
9.5

100.0
47.5
30.7
21.8
11.8
9.9

100.0
47.8
31.5
20.7
11.1
9.7

100.0
48.6
31.1
20.3
10.7
9.6

100.0
47.4
32.2
20.5
10.3
10.2

100.0
45.6
33.7
20.7
11.5
9.2

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1990

1989
Reasons for unemployment
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

2,798
805
1,993
1,103
1,853
696

2,820
813
2,007
1,021
1,993
726

2,916
829
2,087
1,016
1,901
723

2,964
865
2,099
1,031
1,772
643

2,932
852
2,080
1,034
1,920
648

2,979
780
2,199
994
1,890
685

3,092
969
2,123
1,049
1,845
695

3,097
957
2,140
1,055
1,853
686

3,183
1,033
2,150
1,016
1,730
640

3,103
964
2,139
1,006
1,805
680

3,038
941
2,097
1,014
1,859
644

3,147
999
2,148
1,179
1,780
617

3,171
979
2,192
1,014
1,820
683

100.0
43.4
12.5
30.9
17.1
28.7
10.8

100.0
43.0
12.4
30.6
15.6
30.4
11.1

100.0
44.5
12.6
31.8
15.5
29.0
11.0

100.0
46.2
13.5
32.7
16.1
27.6
10.0

100.0
44.9
13.0
31.8
15.8
29.4
9.9

100.0
45.5
11.9
33.6
15.2
28.9
10.5

100.0
46.3
14.5
31.8
15.7
27.6
10.4

100.0
46.3
14.3
32.0
15.8
27.7
10.3

100.0
48.5
15.7
32.7
15.5
26.3
9.7

100.0
47.1
14.6
32.4
15.3
27.4
10.3

100.0
46.3
14.4
32.0
15.5
28.4
9.8

100.0
46.8
14.9
31.9
17.5
26.5
9.2

100.0
47.4
14.6
32.8
15.2
27.2
10.2

2.3
.9
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.5
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.6
.8
1.4
.5

2.5
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.5
.9
1.4
.5

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

42




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1938 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages

1938
1939

29,194
30,603

25,311
26,608

11,401
12,297

891
854

1,070
1,165

9,440
10,278

17,793
18,306

2,863
2,936

V)
1,762

4,664

1,410
1,447

3,458
3,502

0905

(1)
(1)

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996

1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584
108,581

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,212
90,854

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249
25,634

1,027
1,139
1,128

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125
5,300

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403
19,612

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335
82,947

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548
5,705

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029
6,234

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,483
19,110
19,575

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676
6,814

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600
26,892

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063
4,134

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,606

1984

1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

952
966
927
777
717
721
722

(1)

O
(1)
(11)
()
(1)
(1)
(11)
()
01
()

()

O1

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted

1989:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

108,310
108,607
108,767
108,887
109,096
109,171
109,452
109,570

90,623
90,884
91,016
91,083
91,230
91,328
91,622
91,699

25,672
25,648
25,669
25,694
25,614
25,603
25,609
25,532

722
715
706
729
730
731
737
739

5,283
5,283
5,314
5,321
5,325
5,335
5,355
5,304

19,667
19,650
19,649
19,644
19,559
19,537
19,517
19,489

82,638
82,959
83,098
83,193
83,482
83,568
83,843
84,038

5,700
5,716
5,736
5,618
5,709
5,729
5,753
5,834

6,222
6,230
6,237
6,256
6,264
6,278
6,300
6,311

19,528
19,551
19,586
19,621
19,632
19,679
19,744
19,718

6,790
6,808
6,815
6,836
6,852
6,851
6,871
6,885

26,711
26,931
26,973
27,058
27,159
27,188
27,345
27,419

2,999
2,995
3,000
2,999
2,996
2,984
2,982
2,974

4,119
4,136
4,145
4,154
4,182
4,153
4,162
4,156

10,569
10,592
10,606
10,651
10,688
10,706
10,686
10,741

109,931
110,304
110,427
110,404
110,568

91,975
92,302
92,313
92,187
92,197

25,518
25,686
25,606
25,491
25,439

745
749
751
755
757

5,418
5,485
5,432
5,332
5,313

19,355
19,452
19,423
19,404
19,369

84,413
84,618
84,821
84,913
85,129

5,850
5,865
5,875
5,871
5,879

6,332
6,332
6,342
6,338
6,354

19,822
19,794
19,785
19,807
19,803

6,896
6,916
6,922
6,919
6,924

27,557
27,709
27,783
27,761
27,798

2,998
3,006
3,088
3,155
3,289

4,178
4,197
4,205
4,211
4,217

10,780
10,799
10,821
10,851
10,865

1990:
January
February
March
ApriP
Mayp
1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1985) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

89,97!

Total private.
Mining.

90,71!

711

719

737

747

59.5
9.0
13.9

61.1
9.3
14.0

65.3
9.9
15.0

539

65.9
9.9
15.1

47.2
7.4
11.0

48.5
7.6
11.1

51.8
8.1
12.1

52.3
8.1
12.3

117.5
115.6

117.9
116.0

119.6
117.;

121.0
118.4

258.7
97.!
161.;

260.6
97.1
163.

275.3
95.3
180.0

277.5
94.8
182.7

87.7
32.8

91.0
34.0

83.1
29.6

88.
32.1

3,821

3,983

955.4 1,004.4
500.1
529.7
19.6
20.0
435.7
454.7

936.!
489.5
18.4
428.6

953.3
497.0
18.3
438.0

688.7
219.5
469.

609.0
158.6
450,

666.0
191.0
475.0

143.i
141.0

144.0
141.8

145.5
142.7

147.5
144.5

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

394.0
196.1
197.9

395.9
196.1
199.8

415.0
195.6
219.4

418.0
195.7
222.3

114.7
41.5
35.
17.7

118.3
42.7
37.
17.8

110.7
38.7
33.7
17.8

115.7
41.,
35.7
17.9

5,121

5,325

5,003

5,177

14
142
144
147

Construction.
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods.
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

755

530

11,12
12




Apr.
1990p

518

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

44

Mar.
1990

511

10
101
102

See footnotes at end of table.

May
1989

May
1990p

91,088 91,699 92,306 72,751 73,428 73,569 74,139 74,679

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Apr.
1989

107,944 108,745 109,581 110,263 111,031

Total

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ,
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals ...

May
1990p

420.6

5,355

1,331. 1,383.9 1,320.8 1,336.; 1,380.1
716.C
716.i
748.1
708.9
42.;
45.3
45.3
42.5
578.0
570.;
590.
569.4
775.3
236,
538.9

822.8
265.4
557.4

743.1
201.1
542.0

801.9
235.1
566.8

642.6
191.4
451.2

3,013.8 3,118.2 2,938.7 3,039.1
654.
661.
652.4
671.1
167.
170.4
162.5
179.6
551.9
540.
552.1
549.
501.1
492.9
511.5 481
184.0
197.1
185.9
198.8
214,
208.0
204.9
215.5

13,390

13,107

7,727

7,738

7,528

7,535

7,548

628.4
67.3
180.6
146.4
31.1
220.1
86.7
57.8
21.5
31.5
37.1
52.7
39.5
70.6

638.8
73.4
182,
148.0
31.3
222.;
88.
57.9
21.6
31.5
37.;
53.3
40.;
70.:

614.
70.8
178.8
145.5
30.4
211.1
81.
55.
20.5
32.6
35.
49.0
37.6
69.0

618.1
69.;
179.3
145.9
30.5
213.9
82.6
56.1
20.7
32.8
35.8
50.5
38.'
69.'

627.9

19,3V

19,320

11,57:

11,587

11,34;

11,336 11,345

745.6
86.8
205.2
167.1
34.6
260.6
102.7
69.8
23.9
36.3
42.;
65.5
46.9
85.

749.J
85.:
205.6
167,
34.7
263.8
104.;
70.7
23.9
36.5
42.
66.8
47
85.7

4,145

19,329 13,362

19,619

769.1
89.6
208,
169.1
35.6
271.6
109.0
72.7
24.9
35.2
43.8
70.0
49.3
85.

4,15:

2,361.9 2,459.2 2,275.6 2,363.9
486.7 495.8 476.3 478.5
133.3
140.9 150.!
137.
415.6 423.3 424.3 424.0
410.0
421.5 439.8
427.3
140.
154.5
153.4
138.9
160.
170.7
164.7
169.2

19,580

757.8
83.1
206.6
167.7
35.
268.9
107.72.24.
35.
43.8
69.5
48.6
85.9

3,960

545

760.3

13,12-

13,137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

Al employees
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

536.0
313.1
138.6
102.1
28.5
30.5
71.3
34.8
79.1
37.7

531.3
310.0
137.7
101.7
26.7
30.3
69.4
34.7
79.2
38.0

522.9
303.4
133.2
102.2
25.5
29.7
67.6
33.0
80.9
38.0

520.6
302.4
132.2
102.7
25.1
29.7
66.0
33.3
81.2
37.7

519.1
_
_
-

427.0
264.9
121.2
85.6
23.3
23.4
52.2
27.4
57.1
25.4

423.8
262.0
120.4
85.1
21.6
23.3
51.9
27.2
57.0
25.7

414.5
254.3
115.0
85.2
20.6
22.7
50.4
25.6
58.1
26.1

413.2
253.6
114.1
85.8
20.2
22.8
49.3
25.9
58.3
26.1

410.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

603.3
16.4
83.6
41.8
41.8
55.7
19.3
38.4
38.2
214.7
19.3
75.3
100.2
121.2
22.6
8.9
26.6

609.2
16.3
84.3
42.6
41.7
55.5
19.4
38.6
38.3
219.6
19.9
75.8
104.2
121.4
22.8
8.9
26.5

584.8
16.0
82.5
41.9
40.6
53.6
19.3
36.7
38.5
205.5
17.9
72.9
95.1
117.7
22.1
8.9
25.8

591.5
15.6
81.8
41.1
40.7
53.2
19.4
37.2
38.2
212.2
18.7
73.8
100.1
118.5
22.2
8.9
25.8

598.1
_
_
_
_
-

474.8
13.2
72.9
38.8
34.1
42.6
14.7
30.0
30.6
169.3
13.0
57.8
83.2
89.2
16.2
6.7
-

451.4
12.6
71.2
37.8
33.4
40.8
14.8
28.3
30.6
155.7
11.7
54.4
74.5
86.1
15.6
6.6
-

457.9
12.2
70.7
37.0
33.7
40.7
14.8
28.6
30.3
162.2
12.2
55.6
79.2
86.9
15.6
6.7

462.7

_
-

469.4
13.3
72.3
38.0
34.3
42.9
14.6
29.9
30.5
164.6
12.5
57.4
79.5
89.1
16.0
6.7
-

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

788.7
275.2
206.2
24.9
145.7
87.9
9.8
31.9
45.3
26.9
182.6
23.5
28.4
78.2
92.3
55.1

786.9
275.5
206.4
24.8
144.8
87.6
9.8
31.3
45.4
27.0
182.1
23.5
28.3
77.7
91.7
54.8

766.8
267.1
200.5
24.3
140.4
85.4
8.7
30.5
45.2
26.6
179.0
22.6
28.3
76.1
89.1
52.1

767.0
267.7
200.8
24.6
139.4
86.1
8.8
29.0
45.3
26.6
178.8
22.7
28.4
75.9
89.8
52.6

766.2
266.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

603.7
212.8
161.0
18.8
116.3
72.3
7.4
25.2
33.9
20.7
131.1
18.0
19.2
57.2
74.1
45.0

601.7
212.7
160.8
18.7
115.5
71.9
7.4
24.6
34.1
20.9
130.8
18.1
19.1
56.7
73.4
44.6

583.3
205.2
155.4
18.4
112.1
69.6
6.6
24.0
33.6
20.3
128.3
17.3
18.9
55.5
70.6
42.0

583.7
205.5
155.5
18.5
111.2
70.3
6.8
22.5
33.7
20.4
128.5
17.4
19.0
55.5
71.1
42.5

582.0
203.8
_
_

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,449.5 1,451.0 1,416.1 1,420.4 1,419.4 1,076.5 1,077.6 1,043.1 1,047.3 1,046.6
_
45.0
44.9
45.1
52.9
45.4
52.8
52.5
52.3
_
_
41.8
36.0
41.5
41.4
41.6
36.1
35.9
36.2
_
101.3 100.3
132.7
132.1
135.9
136.6
97.5
96.7
_
_
45.4
33.8
45.7
46.2
45.9
33.3
33.7
33.1
_
74.9
59.8
59.3
75.1
79.2
78.8
55.6
55.6
_
_
60.4
60.3
43.3
59.8
60.0
43.4
42.9
42.9
_
26.0
19.6
19.3
26.0
26.1
25.9
19.2
19.2
_
_
14.0
21.8
21.5
21.4
21.0
14.4
14.2
14.1
_
426.3
308.0 310.1
432.2 434.4 425.1
299.8 301.0
_
_
78.0
77.5
79.0
78.5
56.3
56.7
55.7
55.4
_
_
59.2
78.3
80.2
83.5
81.7
60.9
55.7
57.6
_
108.0
72.7
107.3
107.3 107.7
72.5
72.4
72.5
_
96.6
74.2
74.3
97.3
99.4
99.2
72.2
71.5
31.9
31.7
33.1
33.2
24.1
23.9
22.6
22.3
-

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

1972
SIC
Code

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

101.9
50.6
51.3
237.1
33.6
106.9
84.0

129.1
83.4
45.7
73.1
40.7
227.4
78.1
55.8

May
1989

101.4
50.2
51.2
236.6
33.4
106.3
84.2
130.0
83.9
46.1
72.3
40.1
227.6
78.5
55.6

Mar.
1990

99.3
49.2
50.1
223.9
32.0
97.2
82.2
128.2
82.5
45.7
68.2
37.3
225.8
78.6
56.1

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

Apr.
1989

98.9
48.9
50.0

77.9
41.3
36.6

226.1
32.2
99.3
82.3
128.9
82.7
46.2
68.0
37.1
226.9
78.7
56.5

189.7
25.9
90.6
63.7
102.6
66.7
35.9
43.8
21.4

164.9
52.4
42.5

May
1989

77.3
40.8
36.5
189.2
25.7
90.0
63.9
103.4
67.1
36.3
43.4
21.1
165.1
52.7
42.6

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

76.2
39.8
36.4
176.1
24.5
80.8
61.5

178.7
24.7
83.0
61.9

100.7
65.3
35.4
42.5
20.6
162.5
52.1
42.4

101.0
65.2
35.8
42.6
20.7
163.2
52.2
42.8

May
1990p

76.1
39.7
36.4

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ...
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment ....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351

3592
3599

2,148.4 2,153.9 2,137.7 2,129.3 2,126.7 1,303.1 1,306.2 1,298.6 1,294.1 1,291.3
98.2
98.2
97.9
64.6
64.8
64.3
99.0
63.5
27.7
27.4
16.8
16.3
16.0
29.8
29.4
17.1
47.8
48.5
48.3
68.4
70.5
69.6
70.5
46.4
92.5
80.1
81.5
93.0
111.7 110.3 123.2 124.4
61.4
56.7
56.8
61.3
80.3
85.2
85.2
80.3
236.6 238.0 240.9 241.2
148.2
146.6
145.6
148.6
86.8
87.4
86.0
53.8
54.2
53.6
87.2
54.0
16.7
10.7
10.4
10.3
17.2
17.2
16.7
10.7
25.7
25.1
25.1
42.6
43.2
42.5
25.8
43.1
20.0
19.9
19.8
20.0
36.1
36.2
36.2
36.1
19.7
19.6
19.5
19.7
28.6
29.1
28.2
29.1
335.6
334.7
242.0 243.0 238.6 237.9
331.8 330.8
53.6
35.2
34.8
52.6
53.2
34.4
52.9
34.1
12.6
12.6
19.7
19.4
12.5
19.8
19.4
12.4
157.2 157.5 157.0 156.7
121.2 121.5 121.5 121.2
59.4
61.7
42.0
44.1
44.0
59.8
61.8
41.9
22.9
23.7
15.9
17.0
16.9
23.0
23.5
15.9
103.9 103.7
107.5
107.4
179.2 179.4 175.7 175.4
21.7
21.9
21.7
35.5
35.7
36.2
36.0
21.3
13.9
14.0
14.0
20.9
13.8
21.0
21.2
21.2
15.1
17.4
17.3
15.2
26.7
29.5
26.8
29.5
166.7 166.5
166.6
166.6
256.2 256.9 256.5 255.5
46.3
46.1
27.4
26.7
26.7
46.4
46.0
27.5
43.7
43.9
34.1
34.4
34.2
43.9
43.7
34.0
22.7
22.6
12.8
12.8
12.9
22.6
22.4
12.9
31.6
31.5
21.3
21.1
21.0
31.5
31.5
21.4
17.6
17.7
12.3
12.2
12.4
17.7
17.7
12.3
18.6
18.9
12.7
13.0
13.0
18.6
18.9
12.7
154.6 154.2 151.7
154.7
473.7 475.2 463.9 458.3
129.1 129.0 129.1 127.0
418.7 420.4 410.0 404.8
178.1
189.6
125.3 125.7
137.0
135.8
177.9
188.3
132.7 123.5 123.7
89.7
99.0
97.8
131.5
90.1
205.2 206.0 204.6 203.5
270.1 270.7 268.8 267.4
27.8
30.3
22.9
24.1
24.1
28.4
30.5
22.6
181.1 181.9 181.7 180.9
239.6 240.4 240.4 239.6

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ,
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,047.8 2,039.6 1,981.9 1,973.5 1,966.4 1,205.8 1,198.0 1,169.1 1,165.5 1,162.8
107.2 104.3 104.2
108.4
73.4
75.6
76.6
73.3
36.2
38.0
38.4
50.9
51.0
53.
53.6
36.2
37.2
37.6
38.2
53.3
54.0
54.8
53.3
37.1
186.9
182.7
183.3
186.3
130.6 131.3 127.2 126.4
71.8
87.3
88.1
91.1
90.8
69.0
71.4
68.4
36.4
61.0
60.9
60.8
35.4
36.2
60.9
35.3
110.4 109.9 107.6 109.2
137.8 137.5 133.6 135.4
28.7
23.7
25.8
27.3
29.
21.4
23.4
23.1
21.5
18.1
23.1
23.1
22.3
18.9
17.2
18.7
37.4
29.3
36.8
27.9
29.5
36.3
37.1
28.

See footnotes at end of table.

46




3511

3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355

3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

201.0
26.5
78.2
17.1
28.1
92.4
68.6
543.6
104.8
438.8
621.6
38.6
257.7
251.6
156.7
27.9
69.6

May
1989

198.9
26.5
78.0
16.9
27.1
92.2
68.4
541.6
103.7
437.9
619.9
38.6
257.7
250.0
155.4
26.4
70.0

Mar.
1990

195.1
26.4
75.4
16.7
27.3
93.6
69.3
514.6
95.0
419.6
603.7
37.9
253.2
244.6
153.7
28.3
66.6

Apr.
1990p

194.0
26.4
75.1
16.9
26.7
93.5
68.9
511.3
94.9
416.4
598.4
37.7
250.9
242.3
154.0
28.5
66.9

May
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Apr.
1989

145.3
22.6
51.0
12.8
20.9
65.6
47.3
220.6
62.3
158.3
346.1
24.7
96.3
170.3
110.6
21.0
53.5

May
1989

143.5
22.6
50.8
12.6
19.9
64.8
46.7
219.3
62.3
157.0
344.5
24.6
96.2
169.3
109.1
19.7
53.8

Mar.
1990

141.7
22.6
49.2
12.3
20.3
65.9
46.9
207.8
58.1
149.7
338.1
23.6
97.6
166.9
107.4
21.8
50.3

Apr.
1990p

140.5
22.6
48.7
12.5
19.7
66.0
46.7
205.9
58.2
147.7
336.1
23.6
97.4
165.4
108.1
21.9
50.8

May
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,075.1 2,078.0 2,021.9 2,022.8 2,023.9 1,301.7 1,303.4 1,243.6 1,246.8 1,250.7
684.8 630.8 634.3 634.9
827.8 827.0 683.1
876.7 879.4 824.1
_
_
273.7 277.2 249.8 249.9
341.3
341.4
364.8 369.1
_
_
34.4
34.2
43.1
44.5
43.0
43.9
33.8
33.8
_
315.3
334.0 332.6 313.1
415.9 414.6 395.2 397.4
_
_
24.3
24.7
26.9
30.6
26.9
31.1
21.1
21.2
_
340.6 339.9
340.3 341.8
697.9 700.0 706.5 705.1
_
_
167.1
165.9
375.6 378.0 383.3 381.5
164.1
165.1
_
_
77.1
75.7
75.9
152.0
150.1
151.7
150.4
76.5
_
_
98.5
171.6
171.9
171.5
171.9
99.0
98.7
99.0
_
_
143.1
143.6
184.7
191.1
184.8
191.5
139.1
138.3
_
_
87.1
84.4
83.7
122.0
120.8
122.2
120.1
87.4
_
_
51.7
51.2
58.7
59.9
62.7
70.3
62.6
71.4
_
_
39.7
38.7
39.5
38.3
28.6
28.8
29.4
29.2
_
_
62.4
207.7 207.3 205.8 204.4
62.8
63.1
62.6
_
_
42.4
42.3
152.7
152.3
153.8
152.7
42.7
43.0
_
_
32.5
33.9
47.4
48.1
47.5
49.4
31.4
31.4
15.6
15.6
15.1
16.3
20.2
19.4
20.1
20.5
-

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ....
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

775.7
99.6
269.5
49.4
63.0
108.6
30.7
209.9
104.6
90.4
39.1
115.5
11.4

776.6
99.3
270.1
49.6
62.9
109.1
30.5
210.5
104.9
90.6
39.3
115.6
11.3

773.9
100.9
266.9
47.7
63.5
107.6
29.8
214.3
106.7
92.8
40.9
110.1
11.0

772.2
100.7
265.2
47.5
63.3
106.3
29.5
215.4
106.8
93.8
40.8
109.9
10.7

772.7
_
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles..
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

390.2
53.6
38.7
13.4
105.6
44.6
61.0
34.3
41.0
22.2
142.3
62.4

391.4
53.7
38.7
13.4
105.2
44.7
60.5
34.7
42.2
23.0
142.2
61.9

390.4
53.3
38.7
12.6
105.6
44.1
61.5
33.6
44.5
26.0
140.8
62.7

389.4
52.8
38.1
12.7
105.6
44.0
61.6
33.6
45.0
25.3
139.7
61.9

391.7
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

427.6
46.1
154.5
33.2
33.9
54.9
16.2
126.2
61.1
56.8
26.6
49.4
8.6

429.7
46.3
155.5
33.3
33.9
55.7
16.3
126.5
61.2
56.9
26.9
49.7
8.5

426.4
48.6
151.3
32.1
33.2
54.3
15.3
128.0
61.2
58.2
28.1
46.9
8.2

427.1
48.6
150.8
32.1
33.3
53.6
15.3
129.0
61.4
59.0
28.4
46.9
8.1

429.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

283.5
38.0
27.3
11.0
77.7
31.3
46.4
23.8
32.0
17.1
101.0
43.1

283.5
38.1
27.4
11.0
77.0
31.3
45.7
24.0
33.0
17.7
100.4
42.3

283.3
37.1
26.7
10.3
76.8
30.8
46.0
23.7
34.9
20.7
100.5
43.7

281.7
36.7
26.1
10.4
76.6
30.6
46.0
23.6
35.0
19.8
99.4
43.1

283.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

48




Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May

1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May

1990p

8,007 8,032 7,975 7,984 7,984 5,635 5,652 5,579 5,589 5,589
1,600.4 1,616.4 1,612.5 1,616.8 1,624.5 1,133.1 1,145.1 1,145.4 1,150.5 1,155.6
_
409.7 413.8 422.6 421.8
347.4 350.7 358.7 358.3
_
_
144.3
142.2
144.2
143.1
118.8
121.0
119.6
121.2
_
82.2
82.1
82.8
82.0
60.3
60.6
60.8
60.7
_
_
162.4
171.5
171.8
164.7
147.8
155.2
149.6
155.0
_
_
153.4
153.2
158.0
156.1
95.6
93.8
97.2
94.3
_
_
41.4
42.1
41.5
31.6
41.3
31.6
32.1
31.7
_
_
73.2
73.6
74.6
74.5
37.5
36.5
37.6
36.5
_
227.5 231.7 227.3 229.6
183.3
185.1
186.6
187.2
_
_
23.1
23.0
23.1
23.3
16.6
17.2
16.5
17.4
_
_
70.7
57.4
67.9
67.0
72.7
59.4
55.1
55.9
_
_
38.5
50.4
48.8
45.8
44.6
39.4
42.3
43.6
_
_
124.7
86.7
130.8
130.2
124.7
90.7
90.3
87.0
_
_
24.5
24.3
22.0
22.0
15.1
16.0
15.0
16.1
_
43.2
26.7
42.8
42.0
42.2
27.6
26.6
27.2
_
_
199.6 200.2
200.4
198.1
120.7
122.5
122.5
123.6
_
_
154.6
154.7
153.6
87.0
156.2
87.9
89.2
88.2
_
33.7
45.6
44.9
44.2
44.5
34.6
33.3
35.4
_
_
97.4
91.4
70.4
95.4
91.7
70.1
75.0
72.9
_
_
17.4
17.0
17.1
17.5
13.2
13.3
12.9
12.9
_
58.5
53.4
53.2
43.5
56.8
47.5
43.1
45.7
_
_
23.7
31.1
31.2
31.8
32.2
23.1
22.6
22.7
_
191.1
190.3
196.9
83.4
199.1
78.9
84.8
79.6
_
40.1
24.7
40.6
41.0
40.8
24.0
24.9
24.5
_
_
109.2
36.9
109.7
113.0
35.2
37.5
35.9
111.7
160.7
163.4
165.2
163.8
123.1
121.9
118.5
121.2
51.4
39.9

49.2
38.5

49.0
36.3

46.1
36.1

46.2
-

37.4
29.3

35.2
27.8

36.1
27.1

33.6
27.1

33.4
-

727.7
96.4
91.0
19.6
24.5
211.3
33.7
36.9
70.0
25.4
26.6
61.5
25.7
21.7
61.4
106.1
79.9
14.4
55.9

728.5
96.2
90.3
19.7
24.5
212.2
33.5
37.0
70.8
25.1
27.0
61.5
25.6
21.8
61.6
106.4
80.0
14.6
56.1

709.9
93.3
88.2
17.9
24.0
205.4
32.8
37.1
66.9
23.7
27.1
61.7
26.7
21.4
64.2
100.5
75.7
13.7
54.7

710.1
92.3
88.6
17.9
24.1
205.1
32.9
36.8
66.8
23.5
27.0
61.6
26.7
21.4
64.6
101.2
76.1
13.6
54.7

705.5
_
_
_

629.7
86.6
80.8
15.9
20.9
186.6
30.4
33.5
62.4
21.6
23.2
50.7
21.1
17.6
50.0
94.9
72.1
12.7
43.3

630.3
86.3
80.2
16.0
21.0
187.3
30.2
33.6
63.2
21.1
23.6
50.7
21.0
17.6
50.1
95.3
72.1
13.0
43.4

609.9
83.9
77.6
14.2
20.1
179.2
29.2
33.4
58.6
20.2
23.4
50.1
21.4
17.1
52.6
90.0
68.0
12.2
42.2

610.7
83.2
78.1
14.3
20.2
178.9
29.4
33.1
58.5
19.9
23.3
50.1
21.4
17.2
53.2
90.6
68.5
12.0
42.1

606.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

929.6
48.9
260.7
64.4
43.6
80.2
287.0
35.6
64.2
31.5
155.7

928.5
49.5
260.5
64.3
43.2
80.9
284.1
35.2
62.9
32.2
153.8

888.2
43.2
246.2
59.3
39.1
76.3
268.7
32.4
61.0
27.7
147.6

889.2
42.8
251.4
62.3
38.9
78.9
265.9
31.6
58.7
29.9
145.7

886.3
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,100.3 1,099.5 1,057.4 1,058.8 1,054.2
_
50.7
51.0
57.6
57.1
_
286.5 291.3
300.9 301.2
_
72.6
69.7
75.1
75.0
_
45.1
45.6
50.0
50.3
_
87.8
91.4
90.4
92.2
_
342.0 339.2 322.5 319.2
_
38.7
39.6
42.6
43.0
_
71.4
73.8
75.6
77.0
_
34.2
37.8
36.5
38.6
172.6
174.9
182.4
184.2
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

70.8
56.9
13.9
56.5
22.2
44.2
210.1
25.8
55.8
44.8

70.4
56.4
14.0
56.8
22.5
44.5
210.7
26.3
55.6
44.6

65.8
52.6
13.2
56.3
21.5
42.8
212.8
26.0
57.2
46.0

65.3
52.1
13.2
55.4
21.0
43.6
213.6
25.7
57.4
46.8

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

692.1
191.9
171.8
52.4
238.3
60.1
26.8
52.9
209.5
46.4
113.6
22.3

694.6
193.3
173.0
52.6
238.5
59.8
26.8
52.8
210.2
46.7
113.7
22.6

693.9
193.9
173.7
52.1
238.8
59.4
26.5
53.4
209.1
46.5
114.3
21.9

694.0
194.1
173.9
52.0
238.4
59.3
26.5
53.2
209.5
46.0
114.4
22.4

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics .,
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and aliied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

_
_
-

58.8
49.0
9.8
47.3
19.3
36.5
175.2
21.5
46.9
38.2

58.3
48.5
9.8
47.8
19.6
36.9
175.8
21.9
46.8
37.9

54.5
45.5
9.0
47.5
18.7
35.3
176.6
21.5
47.9
38.7

54.0
45.1
8.9
46.8
18.3
35.9
176.0
21.3
47.4
38.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

694.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

520.4
145.5
129.6
40.1
172.9
34.7
20.8
41.4
161.9
36.9
85.3
18.7

523.1
147.0
131.0
40.3
173.2
34.4
20.8
41.2
162.6
37.3
85.3
19.0

522.6
146.8
130.7
39.7
174.6
34.8
20.5
41.7
161.5
37.1
85.7
18.4

523.8
147.6
131.5
39.7
174.5
34.8
20.4
41.5
162.0
36.8
85.7
18.8

524.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,602.2 1,601.8 1,627.5 1,628.5 1,625.7
474.8 475.4 480.9 480.5
_
139.1
134.5
134.6
139.2
_
123.0
124.1
123.9
123.5
_
91.1
92.1
91.7
91.3
31.9
32.2
32.0
32.2
_
82.3
84.0
84.0
82.9
571.8
581.8
572.3
583.6
_
176.0
176.6
179.7
179.2
_
367.1 374.7
367.9
376.0
_
49.2
49.1
48.0
48.2
_
80.3
80.7
81.6
82.0
60.5
60.5
61.0
61.3
-

893.0
168.0
47.4
66.2
40.6
25.6
42.7
416.0
127.0
266.2
33.5
62.3
44.5

892.0
167.9
47.9
65.6
40.2
25.4
42.1
415.6
127.1
265.9
33.3
62.8
44.3

905.8
167.5
51.0
67.3
40.9
26.4
43.1
422.1
128.4
271.6
33.4
63.1
45.1

906.2
166.8
50.8
67.4
41.2
26.2
43.3
423.9
128.8
273.0
33.3
62.7
44.7

903.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,086.4 1,092.2 1,102.8 1,102.4 1,104.2
_
133.9
136.7
134.5
137.3
_
92.1
90.4
90.5
92.6
_
184.0
186.3
189.1
189.0
_
87.7
86.0
86.5
88.0
_
68.8
70.4
71.0
71.0
239.5
240.1 247.9 246.5
197.3
197.8 204.5
202.6
_
161.4
162.4
158.6
158.8
43.2
43.4
43.6
43.4
46.3
46.3
47.2
47.3
68.2
68.1
71.7
72.5
62.9
63.3
63.0
62.9
_
149.2
149.5
152.2
152.2
_
30.6
30.6
31.5
31.5
120.7
120.7
118.6
118.9
_
54.3
54.8
54.9
54.3
101.2
101.3
101.0
100.8
-

608.1
68.3
48.0
120.4
50.9
48.7
104.0
85.0
102.2
27.1
26.4
48.7
31.6
87.0
18.9
68.1
34.5
60.1

612.5
68.9
48.1
122.2
51.3
50.1
104.2
85.5
103.2
27.3
26.5
49.4
31.8
87.5
18.9
68.6
34.6
60.1

612.8
69.7
48.5
122.7
51.7
49.9
110.2
91.9
98.2
27.7
25.8
44.7
31.8
86.3
19.0
67.3
33.8
60.1

612.4
69.6
48.9
123.3
52.2
50.1
110.3
91.6
97.6
27.5
25.6
44.5
31.7
85.4
18.9
66.5
34.3
60.2

614.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

104.2
77.2
19.9

106.5
77.5
21.7

105.3
79.3
18.6

107.6
79.7
20.5

110.3
_
-

160.6
121.6
26.2

162.9
121.9
28.1

161.8
123.7
24.9

163.9
123.8
26.9

_

166.3
-

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods.

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

Apr.
1989

825.7
83.1
11.0

829.6
85.9
10.9

828.4

661.6
63.9
9.0

661.0
64.2
8.9

640.8
61.0
9.0

643.2
63.1
8.8

303,4
306
307

27.8
101.1
619.8

27.7
100.7
619.7

27.1
95.3
609.2

26.8
95.1
610.9

-

20.7
77.9
490.1

20.9
77.7
489.3

20.2
72.0
478.6

20.0
71.9
479.4

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

141.8
14.3
80.9
35.8
27.8
11.7
15.7

142.2
14.4
80.6
35.5
27.8
11.8
16.1

134.7
14.6
75.4
33.0
26.4
11.7
14.0

134.2
14.6
75.1
32.8
26.3
11.5
14.1

134.2

117.5
12.0
69.0
29.0
24.6
8.4
12.1

117.9
12.1
68.8
28.9
24.6
8.5
12.5

111.6
12.2
64.2
26.9
23.3
8.5
11.1

111.4
12.2
64.0
26.8
23.3
8.3
11.2

110.8

5,649

5,699

5,816

5,840

5,881

4,707

4,752

4,857

4,874

4,917

3,443

3,487

3,612

3,632

3,669

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

-

314.6
116.7

316.4
118.0

319.4
123.3

314.9
123.6

-

26.4

26.5

17.1

16.2

40
4011

297.0
253.7

299.1
255.6

283.5
240.0

286.1
242.0

Local and interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

341.8
128.2
35.9
29.5
116.8

344.0
129.5
34.8
29.6
117.8

350.2
137.4
35.2
20.6
125.1

345.9
137.7
34.9
19.3
121.8

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

173.5
28.6
95.3

181.3
30.1
101.1

166.1
29.1
87.6

167.1
30.2
88.2

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .

45
451,2
458

658.0
563.5
94.5

668.0
573.0
95.0

766.2
660.9
105.3

774.0
668.3
105.7

-

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

18.2

18.4

19.3

19.3

-

12.9

Transportation services.
Freight forwarding

47
471

337.3
75.1

339.3
75.0

360.8
79.0

361.9
77.6

_

_

48
481
483
4832
4833
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

See footnotes at end of table.

50




May
1990p

844.3
85.3
10.9

Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment .
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies

Apr.
1990p

844.5
84.8
11.0

Transportation .

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Mar.
1990

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities .

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

May
1989

50
501
5012
5013

1,616.8 1,637.1 1,666.1 1,677.2
1,498.9 1,519.9 1,543.9 1,555.4
121.8
122.2
117.2
117.9

2,204
2,208
2,212
2,206
1,276.0 1,279.3 1,264.2 1,265.7
857.8 859.4
882.4 884.0
248.0 247.3
244.5
243.1
123.2
122.8
121.8
120.8
124.8
124.5
122.7
122.3

-

-

1,410.9 1,427.8 1,449.6 1,460.4
1,312.2 1,329.8 1,347.8 1,359.1
98.7
101.8
98.0
101.3
-

:

_

-

-

-

;
-

-

643.9

-

-

-

-

13.0

14.0

14.0

-

-

-

-

-

971.2
652.3
201.0

974.1
654.1
202.1

970.1
642.2
204.7

968.6
640.9
204.1

-

733.8
342.9
129.5
157.1
81.6

736.5
343.9
130.5
156.7
82.3

742.4
344.8
131.3
155.3
88.0

744.0
345.2
131.3
155.2
89.3

2,212

929.7
448.6
164.9
192.8
94.1

933.0
449.5
166.0
193.1
94.8

939.9
447.5
168.4
192.3
102.1

942.2
447.7
168.5
192.7
103.6

6,186

6,217

6,301

6,320

6,351

4,976

5,007

5,054

5,074

3,669
436.9
124.2
282.2

3,685
437.6
123.4
283.7

3,747
433.5
122.6
280.4

3,748
434.0
123.0
280.2

3,759

2,931
353.2

2,945
354.0

2,985
349.5

2,986
350.0

-

-

5,102

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502

5021
5023
503

5031
5039
504
505
506

5063
5064
5065
507

5072
5074
508

5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509

5093
51
511
512
513
514

5141
5147
5148
516
517

5171
5172
518

5181
5182
519

5191

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.

1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

155.8 154.9 154.6 153.9
72.7
72.3
70.4
70.0
82.6
84.2
83.9
83.1
232.1 235.7 240.7 243.1
120.9 122.0 126.2 127.0
111.2 113.7 114.5 116.1
95.2
97.7
97.1
97.4
145.7 146.6 143.4 143.9
520.6 521.8 548.5 547.1
272.4 273.1 290.0 289.9
69.0
68.4
70.6
69.4
179.2 180.3 187.9 187.8
283.4 284.5 280.5 280.8
97.9
98.1
94.8
95.0
117.7 117.9 116.7 116.2
1,563.6 1,569.8 1,610.2 1,608.8
557.8 556.8 566.6 560.1
85.0
85.5
87.8
89.0
123.0 124.8 126.5 129.2
344.9 347.3 359.2 360.3
144.7 145.9 151.9 151.4
179.4 179.7 182.9 183.0
235.3 236.6 238.8 239.1
111.0 112.1 112.6 112.9
2,517
225.7
186.8
197.1
827.4
270.0
66.7
100.4
130.1
207.2
87.0
120.2
151.4
95.9
55.5
470.2
163.9

2,532
226.2
186.6
198.3
835.4
271.8
66.8
103.6
131.1
208.2
87.5
120.7
152.7
97.3
55.4
474.3
166.5

2,554
231.7
191.2
204.7
835.1
277.6
66.1
98.1
130.6
206.4
87.7
118.7
154.8
98.1
56.7
484.1
164.4

2,572
231.1
190.7
204.3
842.5
278.0
66.1
103.8
129.7
206.8
87.7
119.1
156.3
99.3
57.0
494.2
173.6

May
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,592
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

125.8

125.2

124.2

124.0

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

189.5

193.5

196.3

198.6

_
-

_
_

_
_

_
_

75.9
115.4
398.6

78.1
116.1
398.3

77.2
113.7
416.4

77.3
114.3
415.7

_
_
_

_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

229.7

230.3

225.7

226.1

_
-

_

_
_

_
_

1,253.0 1,259.2 1,290.4 1,287.7
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

190.1

190.7

192.0

192.0

-

-

2,045
182.0
157.0
152.1
694.7

2,062
182.4
156.5
153.1
704.4

2,069
184.1
159.3
159.5
697.8

2,088
183.8
159.3
158.5
705.1

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

93.6
162.5

94.7
162.8

95.2
163.6

94.9
164.5

_
-

_
-

_
_

_
_

123.6

125.1

126.1

128.0

_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_

381.7

385.8

390.4

399.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

May
1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

19,275 19,528 19,370 19,589 19,803 17,028 17,280 17,094 17,301 17,488

Retail trade

_
-

649.0
358.2
142.3

_
_
-

53
531
533
539

2,404.9 2,416.3 2,363.4 2,363.3 2,364.6 2,209.5 2,231.1 2,193.6 2,193.1
1,987.3 1,994.8 1,964.2 1,963.0
1,834.5 1,852.5 1,835.5 1,834.2
233.6 234.9 221.9 222.2
214.2 215.3 203.7 204.0
184.0 186.6 177.3 178.1
160.8 163.3 154.4 154.9
-

_
_
_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,197.0 3,228.5 3,323.0 3,336.8 3,359.2 2,940.8 2,971.2 3,050.4 3,064.5
2,829.4 2,851.7 2,941.3 2,946.1
2,616.7 2,639.5 2,715.3 2,720.6
_
_
_
_
59.0
55.7
57.5
57.8
_
_
_
_
_
30.5
32.3
27.9
29.8
175.3 175.7 179.6 179.2
157.9 158.1 160.1 159.9
-

_
_
_
_

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55

2,148.4 2,162.9 2,152.0 2,162.8 2,174.6 1,796.3 1,809.1 1,787.4 1,799.2
1,046.5 1,045.4 1,030.7 1,030.4
868.5 868.4 851.0 851.9
347.9 353.1 362.0 368.3
279.8 283.2 288.9 294.7
637.6 643.3 638.1 637.8
554.5 559.7 551.3 551.6
-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

551,2
553
554

774.2
423.5
165.8

789.5
431.7
168.7

760.5
417.5
170.4

783.8
426.2
173.1

640.6
356.0
137.3

656.3
364.4
139.8

627.6
349.4
140.1

_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
p n r ip

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

1,164.4 1,170.6 1,137.1 1,140.4
100.3
105.8
105.7
101.4
412.8 416.5 395.5 395.0
269.3 270.7 262.6 262.9
231.9
227.0 229.3 229.1
802.6
470.2
290.1
77.3
255.1
177.2
77.9

808.0
473.1
291.5
72.2
262.7
182.6
80.1

803.8
470.8
290.8
70.6
262.4
182.1
80.3

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

-

978.7
85.2
345.6
232.1
188.9

981.4
85.1
348.4
233.3
189.3

950.6
80.8
328.0
225.3
190.7

953.8
79.9
327.4
225.7
194.0

_
_
_
_
_
-

656.5
382.5
_
64.7
209.3
-

656.9
383.0
_
64.4
209.5
-

662.7
385.7
_
59.6
217.4
_
-

657.9
382.8
_
58.0
217.1
_
-

_

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores .
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places .

58

6,316.0 6,462.2 6,311.5 6,474.8 6,619.9 5,739.9 5,880.6 5,719.3 5,874.0

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods .
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,468.2 2,495.5 2,514.4 2,523.7
599.5 602.5 618.2 615.7
124.5
123.1
123.9
124.0
885.8
888.1
869.8 873.1
166.4
163.8
158.6
158.6
94.5
90.5
91.6
96.0
85.9
85.1
85.0
86.7
160.4
159.5
159.0
160.1
184.4
186.4
180.2
181.1
65.6
64.2
65.4
65.7
265.4 261.0 249.7 248.5
120.1
127.7
120.7
130.5
84.1
85.7
84.1
86.0
122.4
119.2
115.5
117.0
409.5 435.3 419.9 436.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance ,

802.2
469.8
290.2
77.8
254.6
177.8
76.8

May

1990p

6,790

6,872

6,889

6,923

4,877

4,913

4,989

4,999

3,302

3,313

3,354

3,352

3,356

-

-

-

-

1,752.9 1,762.2 1,794.8 1,795.1
1,557.4 1,563.8 1,575.1 1,573.9
313.4 314.2 315.2 316.0
363.8 365.2 368.9 368.9
79.1
78.7
80.1
80.4

_
_
_
_
-

908.2
393.7
228.2
160.5
272.0
71.1
150.1

905.2
391.9
227.3
159.6
271.6
71.3
149.2

_
_
_
_
_
-

673.9
304.2
_
_
205.7
_
-

675.4
305.0
_
_
206.0
_
-

436.2
338.4

430.4
326.1

429.8
324.5

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

209.7

209.8

220.8

221.7

-

-

-

2,117

2,123

2,160

2,159

2,165

-

-

1,459.7 1,463.9 1,495.2 1,493.3
575.4 575.8 580.7 576.7
231.0 232.1
245.0 246.0
553.4
543.3 545.0 552.1
63.5
58.4
63.6
57.9

_
_
_
_
-

969.0
344.1
186.8
354.6
-

665.9

-

-

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

902.9
402.3
232.7
164.4
264.4
65.3
148.5

904.4
402.7
233.0
164.5
265.3
65.9
148.4

Security, commodity brokers, and services.
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

436.5
339.1

Holding and other investment offices .

67

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance.
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service.

64

See footnotes at end of table.

52




2,065.6 2,093.1 2,102.1 2,109.0
508.0 510.8
519.8 516.4
_
_
_
_
722.4 725.9 736.0 733.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
234.5 230.7 219.9 217.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
97.6
102.4
95.9
99.3
334.7 360.4 346.8 363.2

6,749

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve ....
Mutual savings banks

Insurance .

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

657.1

659.3

664.8

1,244.8 1,251.9 1,277.6 1,277.6
1,102.8 1,108.0 1,119.6 1,118.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
5,032
_
_
_
_
-

682.3
297.8
_
_
210.4
_
-

_
_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

685.6
299.6
_
_
210.9
_
-

971.2 1,001.8
344.0 356.6
187.8
197.2
354.8 357.3
-

May

1990p

-

_
_
_
-

995.5
349.5
196.8
358.4
-

_
_
-

-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

I
Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc ....

Apr.
1989
1,330

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
May
1989

1,354

Mar.
1990

1,358

Apr.
1990 p

1,378

May
1990 p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990 p

1,402

1,320.9 1,345.2 1,349.4 1,368.7
575.5 581.7 594.4 606.4
540.2 547.7 548.9 550.3
173.4 183.8 172.0 177.6
9.0

9.0

8.9

8.8

26,704 26,818 27,672 27,817 27,909 23,330 23,416 24,117 24,245 24,313

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,569.9 1,598.4 1,565.1 1,581.4
1,525.7 1,551.2 1,517.1 1,529.9

Personal services

72
721
722
723
726

1,234.7 1,179.8 1,283.3 1,284.5
410.6 412.4 411.8 413.2
56.7
59.1
56.8
59.8
368.2 367.9 374.2 373.8
84.1
81.4
81.2
84.0

73
731
7311
732
733
734

736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,719.5 5,758.5 5,837.1 5,841.6 5,886.5 4,874.5 4,906.1 4,951.9 4,955.8
253.4 255.1 260.4 259.9
187.0 188.1 188.5 187.0
184.0 184.7 187.2 186.8
95.6
96.8
93.9
96.7
238.2 238.1 266.1 267.7
806.1 812.4 803.1 803.3
730.0
735.8
725.5 726.1
1,338.0 1,350.5 1,312.8 1,310.0
218.5 218.5 213.3 210.8
1,016.3 1,029.0 996.0 996.3
751.4 749.1 810.3 811.9
584.0 580.5
629.1 630.1
342.8 345.8 379.8 379.9
283.7 278.7 299.6 299.7

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,225.6 2,244.3 2,273.9 2,278.0
217.1 217.6 219.6 220.4
550.6 553.1 561.5 558.7
469.4 472.3 476.1 476.8
270.8 275.9 277.9 280.7
80.6
78.2
78.9
79.4

Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services
Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories
Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

891.8
179.7
515.6

895.5
182.4
519.0

934.5
197.9
538.2

933.5
198.1
538.6

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

355.6
117.9

357.2
119.9

367.8
130.9

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

262.4
139.5
105.6

266.2
140.2
108.6

Amusement and recreation services

79

946.6 1,006.4

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

May
1990 p

80
801
•• 802
805

8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

7,512.8
1,185.2
507.9
1,363.5
943.8
419.7
3,441.6
3,182.7
96.0
162.9
166.1
304.5

7,555.0
1,195.0
508.6
1,369.3
948.9
420.4
3,456.2
3,195.9
96.7
163.6

167.6
308.9

1,353.8 1,379.5 1,343.4 1,358.2
364.8

366.4

365.4

366.5

327.9

328.2

333.8

333.3

734.3

736.6

769.8

767.8

421.5

425.0

439.6

439.7

368.5
131.2

288.4

291.0

301.4

302.3

272.3
150.8
104.1

276.5
149.0
110.2

222.0
114.4

225.5
114.5

229.5
122.9

233.1
121.0

924.4

979.0

823.2

878.2

796.4

843.1

8,025.2
1,281.3
525.9
1,442.4
999.6
442.8
3,634.8
3,366.4
97.6

8,058.9 8,105.7 6,675.7 6,708.4
1,287.2
970.9 977.9
525.9
443.6 443.8
1,447.5
1,232.3 1,236.8
1,002.6
444.9
3,645.5
3,146.4 3,158.2
3,375.5
98.6
170.8
171.4
184.8 185.5
360.7 365.9

7,128.6 7,154.3
1,044.2 1,046.3
461.4 461.0
1,302.5 1,307.8
3,326.6 3,334.6

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1989

880.4

May
1989

882.0

Mar.
1990

925.2

Apr.
1990p

82
821
822
824

1,712.3 1,656.1 1,759.1 1,743.6
409.2 411.2 416.2 414.2
1,064.7 1,005.2 1,094.5 1,082.5
105.3 105.6
105.1
103.2

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,722.2 1,738.7 1,848.9 1,856.3
349.5 351.3 364.7 365.5
240.2 242.4
246.3 245.8
417.1 421.6 456.1
459.9

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,746.0 1,753.9 1,770.0 1,763.8
99.6
99.2
100.8
100.7
137.8 136.8
137.9
133.1
391.0 398.3 407.0 402.8

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,458.6 1,441.7 1,515.6 1,513.1
742.5 750.6 762.7 765.4
144.0
144.3
154.6
155.0
537.9 512.9
553.9
558.4

Government
Federal Government4
Executive, by agency4
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

17,969

18,030

2,982

3,005




50.8

May
1989

733.7

Mar.
1990

764.9

Apr.
1990p

May
1990 p

762.8

52.6

1,168.6 1,151.6 1,197.3 1,196.5
613.5 620.1
627.9 630.7
415.5

392.0

424.9

421.7

18,493 18,564 18,725
3,082

3,149

3,297

2,922.8 2,945.3 3,022.1
967.3 974.6 963.1
839.9 838.6 820.2
1,115.6 1,132.1 1,238.8
37.5
38.0
37.5
21.3
21.3
21.9

3731

123.6
74.5

123.8
74.3

122.9
72.6

122.3
72.0

806

38.4
430.5
247.9

38.4
435.0
248.9

40.6
432.6
252.3

41.0
432.6
252.2

806
82

4,222 4,181
4,319 4,325
448.4 447.4 453.7 453.5
1,745.8 1,688.5 1,776.3 1,775.4

4,280

1,502.1 1,511.7 1,557.8 1,563.4

806
82

10,765 10,844 11,092 11,090 11,148
491.6 493.3 494.5 492.0
640.4 642.1
675.9 678.4
6,136.7 6,174.2 6,327.8 6,307.2
3,158.7 3,184.9 3,248.2 3,265.4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

54

53.9

Apr.
1989
733.6

923.7

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

52.5

May
1990 p

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Feb.
1989

Mar.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

50,075

50,371

51,301

51,552

51,855

Total private

40,757

41,003

41,888

41,935

42,137

Goods-producing

7,091

7,106

7,038

7,046

7,041

96

97

98

99

99

554

558

577

576

579

6,441

6,451

6,363

6,371

6,363

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,101
124
167
122
107
328
472
861
407
337
177

3,099
124
167
122
108
327
472
856
407
337
179

3,028
121
164
120
104
314
471
825
394
338
178

3,042
120
163
120
105
315
471
821
408
338
180

3,041
121
163
120
105
316
469
819
408
339
181

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,340
511
19
351
876
169
698
317
25
292
83

3,352
509
18
353
880
169
701
319
26
293
83

3,335
524
18
344
846
170
714
329
26
285
79

3,329
517
17
344
843
171
715
330
27
284
79

3,322
514
16
344
837
172
718
331
26
286
79

42,984

43,265

44,263

44,506

44,814

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,624

1,622

1,687

1,694

1,701

Wholesale trade

1,851

1,859

1,916

1,912

1,922

10,009

10,067

10,337

10,151

10,174

4,217

4,232

4,321

4,328

4,345

15,965

16,117

16,589

16,804

16,954

9,318
1,058
2,074
6,186

9,368
1,061
2,083
6,224

9,413
1,065
2,047
6,301

9,617
1,070
2,123
6,424

9,718
1,111
2,138
6,469

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1990

1989
Industry

Total

May

June

July

108,310

108,607

108,767

Aug.

108,887

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.P

Mayp

109,096

109,171

109,452

109,570

109,931

110,304

110,427

110,404

110,568

90,623

90,884

91,016

91,083

91,230

91,328

91,622

91,699

91,975

92,302

92,313

92,187

92,197

25,672

25,648

25,669

25,694

25,614

25,603

25,609

25,532

25,518

25,686

25,606

25,491

25,439

722
401

715
402

706
404

729
405

730
408

731
409

737
414

739
416

745
417

749
422

751
421

755
424

757
425

5,283
1,388

5,283
1,384

5,314
1,391

5,321
1,403

5,325
1,396

5,335
1,386

5,355
1,391

5,304
1,388

5,418
1,425

5,485
1,436

5,432
1,416

5,332
1,385

5,313
1,384

19,667

19,650

19,649

19,644

19,559

19,537

19,517

19,489

19,355

19,452

19,423

19,404

19,369

11,594
771
534
604
787
276
1,452
2,150
2,050
2,076
876
778
392

11,567
769
534
603
787
276
1,449
2,151
2,041
2,062
861
779
392

11,549
767
536
602
785
277
1,446
2,154
2,040
2,046
844
781
392

11,551
763
529
601
786
276
1,443
2,152
2,034
2,068
873
782
393

11,480
759
528
597
111
213
1,438
2,147
2,023
2,038
843
780
393

11,457
764
525
600
776
271
1,434
2,139
2,018
2,031
833
779
391

11,439
765
525
602
772
269
1,430
2,146
2,012
2,020
824
778
389

11,409
765
523
600
771
270
1,426
2,145
1,992
2,022
825
774
391

11,287
770
522
601
764
270
1,407
2,143
1,989
1,920
726
776
395

11,398
765
522
602
767
269
1,419
2,140
1,991
2,021
825
776
395

11,385
766
523
599
765
267
1,420
2,133
1,990
2,022
824
775
392

11,352
763
520
593
766
269
1,425
2,125
1,981
2,015
820
774
390

11,339
762
521
593
766
267
1,421
2,122
1,976
2,012
816
774
392

8,073
1,656
53
728
1,095
697
1,603
1,094
162
843
142

8,083
1,663
52
729
1,093
697
1,607
1,096
163
841
142

8,100
1,678
53
730
1,094
701
1,609
1,091
163
841
140

8,093
1,667
52
727
1,095
700
1,611
1,097
163
841
140

8,079
1,674
51
723
1,088
697
1,612
1,095
163
837
139

8,080
1,676
51
724
1,084
697
1,612
1,096
164
837
139

8,078
1,673
51
721
1,084
697
1,617
1,098
164
835
138

8,080
1,676
51
719
1,081
697
1,621
1,103
163
832
137

8,068
1,676
51
718
1,073
697
1,624
1,104
16S
826
136

8,054
1,674
51
714
1,063
699
1,625
1,106
165
821
136

8,038
1,669
50
711
1,054
697
1,626
1,106
165
824
136

8,052
1,674
49
712
1,057
698
1,627
1,106
165
829
135

8,030
1,668
50
706
1,051
697
1,627
1,105
165
827
134

82,638

82,959

83,098

83,193

83,482

83,568

83,843

84,038

84,413

84,618

84,821

84,913

85,129

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,700
3,484
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

5,736
3,524
2,212

5,618
3,539
2,079

5,709
3,546
2,163

5,729
3,566
2,163

5,753
3,592
2,161

5,834
3,613
2,221

5,850
3,635
2,215

5,865
3,649
2,216

5,875
3,660
2,215

5,871
3,654
2,217

5,879
3,665
2,214

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,222
3,685
2,537

6,230
3,693
2,537

6,237
3,700
2,537

6,256
3,708
2,548

6,264
3,717
2,547

6,278
3,721
2,557

6,300
3,737
2,563

6,311
3,746
2,565

6,332
3,754
2,578

6,332
3,759
2,573

6,342
3,762
2,580

6,338
3,756
2,582

6,354
3,759
2,595

19,528
2,491
3,245
2,159
6,348

19,551
2,493
3,262
2,155
6,362

19,586
2,482
3,274
2,155
6,370

19,621
2,484
3,293
2,152
6,385

19,632
2,486
3,294
2,157
6,397

19,679
2,478
3,321
2,169
6,403

19,744
2,492
3,334
2,169
6,417

19,718
2,470
3,341
2,163
6,432

19,822
2,491
3,361
2,170
6,459

19,794
2,460
3,361
2,172
6,467

19,785
2,452
3,363
2,174
6,480

19,807
2,446
3,377
2,171
6,494

19,803
2,435
3,379
2,170
6,503

6,790
3,320
2,123
1,347

6,808
3,320
2,129
1,359

6,815
3,324
2,131
1,360

6,836
3,336
2,137
1,363

6,852
3,343
2,137
1,372

6,851
3,345
2,134
1,372

6,871
3,357
2,138
1,376

6,885
3,360
2,144
1,381

6,896
3,353
2,152
1,391

6,916
3,366
2,155
1,395

6,922
3,361
2,162
1,399

6,919
3,365
2,161
1,393

6,924
3,363
2,165
1,396

Services
Business services
Health services

26,711
5,776
7,570

26,931
5,799
7,616

26,973
5,786
7,648

27,058
5,800
7,695

27,159
5,836
7,739

27,188
5,827
7,778

27,345
5,852
7,839

27,419
5,852
7,884

27,557
5,885
7,934

27,709
5,899
7,981

27,783
5,902
8,033

27,761
5,883
8,075

27,798
5,898
8,122

Government
Federal
State
Local

17,687
2,999
4,119
10,569

17,723
2,995
4,136
10,592

17,751
3,000
4,145
10,606

17,804
2,999
4,154
10,651

17,866
2,996
4,182
10,688

17,843
2,984
4,153
10,706

17,830
2,982
4,162
10,686

17,871
2,974
4,156
10,741

17,956
2,993
4,173
10,780

18,002
3,006
4,197
10,799

18,114
3,088
4,205
10,821

18,217
3,155
4,211
10,851

18,371
3,289
4,217
10,865

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988

56




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1990

1989
Industry
Mar.

Total
Total private

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

50,414 50,515 50,670 50,894 51,023 51,124 51,247 51,212 51,375 51,476 51,643 51,771

Mar.

51,881

41,340 41,418 41,530 41,717 41,794 41,832 41,950 41,957 42,125 42,191 42,312 42,409 42,459

7,159

7,161

7,166

7,165

7,176

7,167

7,147

7,142

7,138

7,130

7,1Oo|

7,107

7,091

97

97

97

99

98

99

98

98

97

98

99

100

99

571

573

577

577

577

580

581

586

584

587

591

593

592

6,491

6,491

6,492

6,489

6,501

6,488

6,468

6,458

6,457

6,445

6,410

6,414

6,400

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180

3,111
126
167
124
108
327
471
859
409
338
182

3,108
126
167
124
108
327
472
853
410
339
182

3,103
125
167
123
108
326
474
850
409
338
183

3,103
124
169
123
107
327
475
847
407
341
183

3,099
124
165
123
108
325
475
846
410
340
183

3,084
123
165
122
107
324
474
840
406
340
183

3,072
123
163
123
106
322
472
835
407
340
181

3,071
123
165
124
106
321
473
832
408
339
180

3,064
124
163
123
106
319
473
825
411
338
182

3,036
124
163
122
104
314
470
824
393
338
184

3,052
123
163
122
105
316
470
823
408
338
184

3,049
123
162
121
105
317
469
823
408
339
182

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321

3,380
537
18
353
875
171
702
322

3,384
537
17
353
873
171
706
325

3,386
540
17
353
871
172
708
325

3,398
551
18
353
870
173
709
324

3,389
540
18
352
869
174
710
326

3,384
549
17
350
863
172
708
326

3,386
548
17
352
860
173
709
327

3,386
548
17
350
860
172
713
328

3,381
546
17
348
858
172
715
331

3,362
543
17
346
841
174
716
333

3,351
542
17
344
833
173
717
333

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

3,374
548
17
347
852
172
715
331
(1)
285

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

Government
Federal

State
Local

293
84

292
84

292
84

292
82

292
82

291
82

291
82

43,255 43,354 43,504 43,729 43,847 43,957 44,100 44,070
1,629
1,866

1,628
1,876

1,635
1,888

1,645
1,893

1,652
1,899

1,585
1,905

1,633
1,907

1,642
1,907

10,336 10,337 10,373 10,387 10,407 10,444 10,438 10,428
4,249

4,247

4,257

4,271

4,278

4,292

4,310

4,308

16,101 16,169 16,211 16,356 16,382 16,439 16,515 16,530
9,074
1,064
2,020
5,990

9,097
1,064
2,023
6,010

9,140
1,070
2,034
6,036

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




291
83

9,177
1,070
2,043
6,064

9,229
1,071
2,048
6,110

9,292
1,070
2,050
6,172

9,297
1,067
2,063
6,167

9,255
1,064
2,045
6,146

290
81
44,237
1,651
1,919
10,458
4,319
16,640
9,250
1,064
2,050
6,136

287
80

O

285
80

O
286
79

80
44,346
1,689
1,922

44,664 44,790
44,543
1,703

1,706

1,924

1,932

1,694
1,928

10,429

10,454 10,435
10,473

4,330
16,691
9,285
1,062
2,042
6,181

4,350

4,358

4,343
16,871 16,937
16,774
9,331
1,074
2,055
6,202

9,362
1,076
2,067
6,219

9,422
1,114
2,076
6,232

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1990

Industry
May

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.p

Mayp

73,315 73,555 73,670 73,741 73,837 73,897 74,174 74,224 74,472 74,700 74,724 74,612 74,584

17,975 17,908 17,906 18,041 17,969 17,865 17,824

18,058

18,022

18,047

18,071

17,987

17,978

521

511

503

525

525

527

530

531

537

540

542

546

547

4,111

4,111

4,134

4,145

4,143

4,144

4,169

4,115

4,241

4,284

4,236

4,127

4,108

13,426 13,400 13,410 13,401 13,319 13,307 13,276 13,262 13,128 13,217 13,191 13,192 13,169

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,735
641
427

7,706
638
426

469
601
210
1,079
1,302

468
602
211
1,074
1,303
1,198
1,284
667

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,691
1,184
38
630
925
525
891
614
106
660
118

Service-producing

July

1,205
1,297
681
430
284

7,697
636
427
468
601
211
1,073

7,696
633
421
467
600

7,632
629
420
463
593
212
1,062
1,299
1,189
1,262
648
431
284
5,687
1,203
38
623
917
524
892
614
107
653
116

429
284

431
283

214
1,069
1,304
1,195
1,291
677
430
286

5,694
1,190
38
630
922
525
892
616
107
656
118

5,713
1,205
39
631
922
528
893
614
107
657
117

5,705
1,197
39
627
922
528
894
617
107
658
116

1,309
1,199
1,270
650

633
418
466
590
209

7,594
633
417
467
586
207

1,061

1,056

209
1,055

1,293

1,300

1,299

1,184

1,181
1,243
282

1,170
1,244
631
427
285

5,682
1,200
38
622
913
526
896
617
107
649
114

5,683
1,201
38
621
912
526
900
619
106
647
113

7,615

1,255
638
431
284
5,692
1,205
38
625
914
526
892
617
107
653
115

629
429

7,579
632
415
465
587

7,456
637
414
467
580
208
1,035
1,300
1,169

7,564
632
414
467
584
207

7,559
633

7,546
631
414

1,046

414
464
582
204
1,046

1,299

1,292
1,175
1,241
630
426

289

1,170
1,236
630
428
288

286

583
206
1,052
1,289
1,171
1,237
627
428
282

5,672
1,205
39
618
903
526
903
618
106
641
113

5,653
1,200
38
614
895
527
905
617
108
636
113

5,632
1,197
37
611
884
525
905
614
108
638
113

5,646
1,205
36
612
887
527
903
614
109
641
112

1,136
531

429

459

7,537
629
413
457
582
204
1,048
1,287
1,171
1,237
624

429
284
5,632
1,199
37
607
883
527
902
615
109
643
110

55,257 55,533 55,623 55,670 55,850 55,919 56,199 56,316 56,566 56,659 56,755 56,747 56,760

Transportation and public utilities

4,752

4,763

4,779

4,665

4,758

4,782

4,800

4,880

4,888

4,900

4,911

4,903

4,917

Wholesale trade

5,007

5,016

5,021

5,038

5,037

5,053

5,066

5,071

5,096

5,091

5,095

5,094

5,102

17,280 17,317 17,338

17,388

17,391

17,383

17,490

4,933

4,954

4,969

4,972

4,985

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

4,918

4,944




4,995

5,016

5,032

5,039

5,024

5,037

23,300 23,504 23,541 23,625 23,695 23,729 23,858 23,914 24,022 24,135 24,214 24,197 24,216

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

58

17,456 17,544 17,501 17,496 17,529 17,488

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

June

May

July

Aug.

Private nonagricultural Dayrolls, 349 industries
Over 1-month span:
1988
1989
1990

60.7
68.3
58.5

63.5
60.5
57.9

63.0
61.0
52.3

62.8
58.2
P47.1

Over 3-month span:
1988
1989
1990

64.8
71.6
58.2

65.6
70.1
58.9

69.5
64.5
P 51.9

Over 6-month span:
1988
1989
1990

69.9
75.1
P55.3

70.2
69.5
53.9

76.1
73.6

Over 12-month span:
1988
1989
1990

76.2
73.2

P

Oct.

Sept.

Nov.

Dec.

1

61.3
55.6
52.3

67.2
59.7

63.6
55.6

58.0
57.4

55.4
47.9

63.9
55.3

68.2
60.9

64.6
51 9

70.2
61.9
P48.0

71.1
61.6

71.9
60.7

71.2
61.6

64.2
53.4

65.3
54.6

70.1
55.7

73.4
57.2

74.6
60.2

71.5
68.2

73.9
66.0

73.9
63.0

69.1
57.9

70.2
57.7

74.6
60.2

73.5
53.4

73 9
58.3

74 5
58.3

75 8
60.2

74.8
69.6

74.6
67.6

75.8
66.6

74.9
62.6

78.1
63.6

75.5
63.2

75.5
60 7

74.9
56 6

74.1

p

p

74.8
57 2

p

Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1988
1989
1990

58.5
62.4
45.4

56.0
53.5
49.3

55.0
53.2
43.6

59.9
49.6
P45.7

Over 3-month span:
1988
1989
1990

63.1
67.4
42.2

61.0
63.8
41.5

62.4
55.7
P44.3

Over 6-month span:
1988
1989
1990

66.3
69.5
P37.9

66.3
58.5
P36.5

73.8
63.1

70.2
63.8

Over 12-month span:
1988
1989
1990

58.5
46.8
45.0

61.7
48.6

59.6
49.6

51.1
45.4

49.3
34.8

62.8
52.1

64.9
48.2

58.5
44.7

64.9
51.8
P40.8

67.4
49.3

67.0
48.6

64.5
47.9

58.2
34.0

62.1
41.8

66.7
41 5

71.3
46 5

70.9
41 1

67.7
55.7

69.5
52.8

66.7
48.9

64.2
39.0

66.0
40.1

70.9
41.8

68 8
34.4

69 9
37.9

71 6
40.8

74 1
43.6

70.9
57.1

71.6
53.5

72.0
49.6

69.9
42.9

70.9
43.3

69.1
42.2

71 6
37.6

70 2
36.9

69 9
P34.0

67 0

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent




p

P

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1985) are subject to revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Apr.
1990p

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

1,589.9
407.6
130.6
169.5
131.9
62.8

1,585.2
412.7
133.1
172.1
133.9
64.6

1,600.4
415.0
133.5
173.2
134.5
65.1

218.9

221.2

226.3

1,462.2
965.2
252.4

1,506.2
992.9
256.4

1,508.9
994.1
257.6

886.6
52.9
78.2
242.0
33.8

903.7
55.1
77.8
247.5
33.7

912.7
55.1
78.7
247.9
33.7

12,466.1
1,189.1
166.8
213.2
4,213.0
110.9
878.3
222.8
674.1
593.6
954.4
948.5
824.7
149.6
132.1
150.0
131.1

12,730.3
1,210.2
169.6
225.1
4,298.3
115.0
903.7
230.6
713.0
614.6
993.8
966.9
830.6
151.1
140.3
151.5
136.1

12,756.2
1,213.1
170.4
228.1
4,293.3
116.5
908.2
231.4
715.5
618.1
997.4
968.6
829.3
151.9
141.6
152.5
137.8

41.4
1.4
13.7
.6
9.0
.1
4.0
2.4
1.4
.7
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.5

41.7
1.4
14.0
.7
9.6
.1
4.2
2.4
1.4
.8
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,470.0
113.4
815.8

1,485.6
115.1
822.2

1,492.8
115.7
829.5

19.5
(1)
11.5

19.2
(1)
11.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,669.9
198.9
483.3
66.8
258.7
122.9
88.2

1,668.2
195.7
486.0
66.2
254.5
123.1
87.4

1,671.0
195.9
487.3
67.3
256.0
123.2
87.4

342.2
295.1

345.9
298.7

346.8
299.3

.1
.2

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

677.1
2,211.4

688.7
2,244.8

689.1
2,248.3

.1
1.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

5,239.4
122.2
501.9
123.4
98.7
412.9
155.3
159.6
865.5
533.8
126.8
112.7
120.0
858.9
355.3

5,506.2
125.9
528.1
134.3
102.4
424.4
159.9
164.4
900.6
558.6
129.3
118.0
125.3
891.1
375.0

5,483.5
124.8
521.3
132.9
101.6
424.5
159.0
163.9
898.0
560.1
129.7
116.7
125.8
889.7
372.9

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

Apr.
1990P

Mar.
1990
11.8
5.5

11.6
5.5

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

2.6

2.6

2.6

76.4
22.2
4.9
10.4
7.3
3.3

9.7

10.3

10.4

8.3

7.9

8.9

12.1
.9
2.2

12.7
1.0
2.2

12.7
1.0
2.2

84.7
57.3
14.9

81.3
54.1
14.3

81.8
54.1
14.6

4.1

31.5
1.6
2.4
9.1
1.5

30.7
1.6
2.4
9.4
1.5

32.4
1.6
2.4
9.6
1.6

41.9
1.5
14.1
.7
9.7
.1
4.2
2.5
1.4
.8
.8
.6
.2
1.4
.7
.1
.7

629.8
71.4
10.2
12.2
151.1
8.0
50.9
16.1
62.2
34.2
62.7
33.2
32.7
6.8
9.5
8.5
9.5

641.9
71.0
10.7
13.9
156.5
8.1
52.6
17.5
67.3
35.8
64.0
34.0
32.8
7.0
10.5
8.2
10.1

646.4
71.1
10.8
14.1
155.3
8.5
53.7
17.5
67.3
37.1
64.1
34.5
33.1
7.1
10.9
8.8
10.8

19.2

55.7
3.6
29.8

53.5
3.7
29.9

56.2
4.0
32.0

1.2

74.3
8.3
19.5
4.9
12.7
4.9
4.2

64.0
7.7
17.9
3.2
9.9
4.6
3.9

68.3
8.1
18.8
4.2
10.5
4.7
4.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

21.6
19.1

19.2
17.6

19.5
17.7

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

14.5
148.5

14.0
139.3

14.2
140.7

9.6

335.0
8.1
34.3
13.2
4.5
26.6
9.1
9.5
39.0
36.3
7.9
10.1
5.9
52.9
28.4

340.8
7.9
34.0
12.7
4.4
27.5
8.5
9.3
40.6
37.1
8.3
10.3
6.1
54.4
27.8

335.7
7.8
33.4
12.5
4.3
27.5
8.3
9.1
40.5
36.2
8.3
10.2
6.0
54.3
27.6

()

11.8
5.5
()

(1)

(1)

1

1

()
(1)
(1)

1

(1)

4.1

4.0
1.0
.4

1.0
.4
(1)

(1)

(2)
(1)
(2)
(1)

(2)
(2)
(2)

9.3

11.4

(1)
(1)

9.6
(2)

(2)

.3

.3
(2)

(2)

.6
4.1

.3
(2)

(2)

.7
4.0
(2)

.4

.7
4.0
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)

(1)

(2)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(2)

1.0

.9

.9
(2)

.4

.4

/2\

/2\

/2\

/2\

.7

.6
(2)

(1)

(1)

(2)

1.0
.4

1.1

1.3

(2)

(2)

(1)

(1)

(1)

0

(2)

.7

e>

76.7
22.8
5.0
10.4
6.7
4.0

77.2
22.9
5.0
10.9
6.9
4.1

See footnotes at end of table.




61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Ap-.
199()P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

384.4
57.5
32.8
25.6
18.9
10.4

371.5
56.2
33.0
26.3
17.9
10.7

382.8
57.7
33.0
26.9
17.9
10.7

80.3
32.4
2.9
10.1
5.2
2.0

80.0
32.1
2.9
9.9
5.1
2.1

79.8
32.1
2.9
9.5
5.1
2.2

346.7
99.7
24.8
45.7
30.2
12.8

345.2
100.8
25.0
46.8
30.5
12.7

345.8
101.0
25.1
46.7
30.6
12.8

14.8

13.6

15.4

19.0

18.3

18.4

42.2

42.8

43 8

187.8
139.0
28.6

187.5
139.3
26.7

187.5
139.4
26.7

76.2
52.8
9.5

80.1
55.9
9.5

80.7
56.4
9.6

363.9
246.3
58.1

377.2
254.3
59.7

377.0
253.8
60 0

229.5
13.0
25.8
33.1
6.6

228.0
13.6
24.7
33.2
6.4

229.7
13.6
25.6
33.0
6.3

53.6
5.1
4.2
16.4
2.7

54.7
5.0
4.2
16.2
2.6

54.8
4.9
4.3
16.3
2.6

201.2
11.9
16.6
58.6
7.3

206.3
12.2
16.4
60.5
7.4

209 3
12.3
16.4
61.0
7.5

2,157.0
258.6
10.6
22.5
896.7
22.3
113.2
30.6
87.2
43.1
134.5
81.6
268.4
22.7
20.5
23.7
11.9

2,137.3
257.9
10.5
24.1
887.3
22.4
115.6
30.9
88.9
44.4
136.0
82.1
265.4
22.5
21.2
23.3
12.4

2,133.0
257.1
10.5
24.4
883.0
22.6
115.7
30.6
89.3
45.0
135.6
81.4
264.2
22.7
21.3
23.5
12.4

598.1
34.5
7.9
11.8
212.4
4.3
57.6
11.6
32.6
26.1
35.5
75.4
21.3
5.3
6.1
8.5
4.5

603.2
35.1
8.2
12.0
215.2
4.7
60.5
11.3
33.5
26.7
36.2
78.9
22.1
5.4
6.5
8.3
5.0

604.8
35.4
8.3
12.0
215.6
4.8
30.8
11.3
33.5
26.7
35.9
78.7
22.2
5.4
8.3
5.2

2,926.4
299.5
39.3
54.2
954.7
28.9
212.9
55.6
166.6
139.1
230.6
214.6
168.8
34.2
33.4
34.6
31.6

2,989.2
305.5
39.6
57.2
971.6
29.7
218.2
57.0
174.1
143.1
239.8
215.8
168.5
34.2
36.1
35.2
33.4

2,992.0
306.1
39.7
57.6
971.0
29.9
219.8
57.6
174.1
142.8
240.5
215.8
168.5
34.3
36.3
35.4
33.8

Colorado
Boulder Lonomont
Denver

191.4
30.6
95.3

194.2
30.6
95.8

194.3
30.7
96.0

92.2
2.4
66.7

92.7
2.4
67.8

92.8
2.4
67.9

359.7
23.4
199.4

357.5
23.6
197.9

359.6
23.8
200.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport Milford
Hartford
NGW Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

362.2
54.2
85.7
20.2
46.4
21.3
23.6

353.6
51.6
86.1
19.5
45.7
19.7
22.4

352.8
51.5
86.3
19.5
45.5
19.6
22.3

72.5
8.5
18.4
3.2
16.8
5.6
3.4

71.7
8.6
19.0
3.6
16.1
5.8
3.4

71.5
8.6
19.0
3.5
16.2
5.9
3.4

376.2
45.1
103.9
13.6
59.6
29.3
17.7

378.2
44.7
103.0
14.2
57.2
29.9
17.5

376.7
44.7
102.7
14.2
57.1
29.6
17.3

Delaware
Wilminnton

73.3
62.8

71.9
61.1

71.7
61.0

15.0
15.8

14.7
16.1

14.8
16.2

73.2
60.7

73.4
62.0

73.6
61.9

District of Columbia
Wa<?hinaton MSA

15.8
89.1

16.1
89.3

15.9
89.1

24.8
107.8

24.9
111.3

25.1
111.4

63.0
429.0

63.4
437.2

64.1
438.8

540.3
12.2
46.0
6.1
5.8
38.2
23.6
29.7
92.5
55.5
11.3
8.6
4.8
95.5
33.8

543.3
12.4
46.4
6.3
5.5
38.7
23.6
30.3
91.3
54.3
11.4
8.7
5.0
95.9
34.4

541.5
12.2
46.3
6.3
5.4
38.4
23.1
29.9
91.5
54.5
11.4
8.7
5.0
95.2
34.3

258.1
3.8
22.6
5.1
1.8
28.5
6.8
4.2
64.5
27.1
6.3
3.5
3.0
39.7
13.4

277.5
4.1
24.2
5.7
1.9
29.1
7.2
4.2
72.1
28.2
6.6
3.6
3.1
42.2
14.1

278.6
4.1
24.1
5.7
1.9
29.0
7.2
4.2
72.1
28.6
6.6
3.6
3.1
42.6
14.2

1,425.3
36.3
149.3
36.9
21.4
110.5
43.1
37.6
234.9
140.0
32.5
34.3
25.5
238.5
95.8

1,496.8
37.6
157.3
41.5
22.0
112.9
45.0
39.4
245.3
147.3
32.8
36.2
27.2
248.7
103.6

1,484.8
37.2
155.8
40.7
22.0
113.1
44.8
39.1
244.1
146.9
33.1
35.1
27.2
247.4
102.2

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix

Fayetteville Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California

Los Anoeles—Lono Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Dieoo
San Francisco
San Jose
^anta Barbara Santa Maria LomDOC
Stockton
Vaileio-Fairfield NaDa

»

Florida
Fnrt I flndprdalp Hnilvwood Pomoano Beach
Fort Mvpr** CaoG Coral

1 akpland-Winter Haven
Mplbourne-Titusville Palm Bav
Miami Hialpah
Orlando
Pensacola

See footnotes at end of table.

62




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Apr.
1989
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

70.8
28.6
3.7
8.0
7.7
2.1

Mar.
1990
70.9
28.5
3.8
7.5
7.8
2.1

Apr.
1990?
71.4
28.7
3.8
7.5
7.8
2.1

Apr.
1989
302.9
97.8
31.1
40.5
29.0
9.4

Mar.
1990
306.6
100.6
32.1
41.6
31.1
9.7

Apr.
1990"
307.3
100.8
32.2
41.8
31.3
9.8

Apr.
1989
316.8
63.9
30.4
29.2
33.6
20.2

Mar.
1990
322.5
66.2
31.3
29.6
34.8
20.7

Apr.
1990P
324.3
66.3
31.5
29.9
34.9
20.8

Alaska

10.3

10.5

10.5

45.0

46.5

47.2

69.6

71.3

71.7

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

92.2
74.0
11.4

94.1
75.7
11.3

94.2
75.8
11.4

388.8
263.6
71.7

408.6
277.0
75.0

410.2
277.5
75.6

256.5
131.3
56.0

264.7
135.6
57.7

264.8
136.1
57.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.9
1.6
2.9
15.6
1.3

38.3
1.5
2.9
15.6
1.2

38.4
1.6
2.9
15.5
1.2

172.6
8.4
17.0
60.3
6.8

180.8
9.4
17.9
63.0
6.9

183.6
9.4
17.8
63.2
6.9

156.2
11.3
8.3
48.5
7.6

160.9
11.8
8.3
49.2
7.7

160.4
11.7
8.3
48.9
7.6

829.9
94.6
6.5
11.9
289.7
5.0
57.3
11.2
28.5
38.3
66.2
109.2
32.1
8.6
7.9
9.4
4.9

853.3
96.8
6.6
12.3
298.3
5.2
57.7
11.7
29.6
39.1
68.0
109.7
32.4
8.7
8.0
9.5
5.0

852.9
96.6
6.6
12.4
297.6
5.2
58.0
11.7
29.6
39.2
68.1
110.2
32.5
8.7
8.0
9.4
5.0

3,261.7
305.4
35.6
49.8
1,170.9
23.3
215.7
53.3
159.7
132.5
253.8
296.8
213.6
41.7
30.0
32.5
29.7

3,364.6
314.0
35.6
53.9
1,216.1
24.5
224.3
55.9
169.3
139.1
270.0
305.5
219.9
42.0
32.6
32.9
30.8

3,373.7
316.2
35.5
54.3
1,216.5
24.7
225.4
56.2
169.0
139.3
271.8
306.9
219.2
42.0
32.9
33.0
31.6

2,021.8
123.7
43.0
50.2
528.5
19.0
166.7
42.0
135.9
179.6
170.3
137.1
87.6
28.9
24.0
32.7
38.5

2,099.1
128.5
44.4
51.0
543.7
20.3
170.6
43.9
148.9
185.6
179.0
140.3
89.3
29.9
24.7
34.0
38.7

2,111.5
129.1
44.9
52.6
544.6
20.7
170.6
44.0
151.3
187.2
180.6
140.5
89.4
30.3
24.9
34.0
38.3

95.7
4.1
63.2

97.3
4.2
63.5

97.1
4.2
63.6

379.4
26.2
219.5

390.5
27.8
223.1

390.9
27.8
225.3

276.4
23.1
130.4

280.7
22.8
132.8

282.7
22.8
133.3

150.6
12.4
73.9
3.6
16.2
13.7
4.4

152.1
12.3
74.7
3.3
17.1
14.2
4.4

151.2
12.3
74.6
3.3
17.2
14.1
4.2

419.7
50.0
114.7
14.3
74.5
37.3
22.0

433.3
50.4
117.9
15.6
76.2
37.9
22.8

435.0
50.3
118.3
15.7
77.2
38.3
23.3

213.1
20.4
67.2
7.0
32.5
10.8
12.9

214.2
20.4
67.4
6.8
32.3
11.0
13.0

214.3
20.4
67.6
6.9
32.3
11.0
12.7

29.8
26.5

30.5
27.2

30.6
27.4

81.4
72.0

86.0
74.6

85.9
74.6

47.8
38.0

50.1
39.9

50.6
40.3

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

33.4
128.9

33.5
131.5

33.4
131.1

251.3
726.3

259.3
741.3

259.3
742.7

274.2
580.7

277.4
593.8

277.0
593.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

368.2
5.9
40.3
8.9
4.6
39.1
8.7
5.7
71.4
32.9
5.2
8.0
5.0
64.9
29.2

376.8
5.8
41.3
9.5
4.5
40.5
9.2
5.7
71.9
33.4
5.3
8.1
5.2
65.9
30.2

377.4
5.8
41.2
9.5
4.5
40.6
9.1
5.7
71.8
33.4
5.3
8.1
5.2
65.3
30.0

1,489.0
35.3
144.0
34.7
24.3
107.8
38.2
49.9
244.4
180.5
32.9
35.3
25.5
256.3
109.9

1,605.7
37.0
152.7
38.7
25.9
111.2
40.1
52.0
255.6
193.8
33.7
37.5
26.3
268.9
117.5

1,604.0
36.6
151.2
38.3
25.8
111.3
40.1
52.2
254.2
195.8
34.0
37.4
26.5
269.6
116.8

814.2
20.6
65.1
18.4
36.2
61.6
21.7
22.9
117.8
61.4
30.3
12.9
50.1
110.5
44.8

855.7
21.1
71.9
19.8
38.1
63.8
22.3
23.4
122.9
64.4
30.8
13.6
52.1
114.4
47.4

851.9
21.1
69.0
19.8
37.7
63.9
22.4
23.6
122.9
64.6
30.6
13.6
52.5
114.6
47.8

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

2,908.8
47.7
68.2
1,436.5
168.5
92.8
123.4
106.9

3,003.7
48.4
69.4
1,485.1
171.1
92.9
125.9
109.9

3,006.7
48.6
70.0
1,484.8
172.5
92.4
126.2
110.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

499.8
391.6

517.6
405.8

Idaho
Boise City

357.8
97.7

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

8.7
(2)
.1
1.3
.5
.1
.1

Apr.
1990P

8.7

Apr.
1989

8.7

.1
1.2
.5
.1
.1

Apr.
1990P

142.9
2.0
2.5
66.8
13.9
4.5
5.0
7.1

145.5
2.0
2.8
67.7
15.0
4.3
5.2
8.0

145.7
1.9
2.8
67.2
15.0
4.2
5.2
7.9

27.7
21.2

29.8
22.8

29.5
22.5

14.7
5.4

15.8
6.0

17.0
6.1

199.1
7.7
2.1
2.3
124.4
5.3
3.1
8.2
1.6
11.8
6.3
4.9
3.5

193.4
6.9
1.7
2.1
119.1
4.4
2.7
7.7
1.4
9.6
5.5
4.7
3.1

205.2
7.2
2.2
2.1
125.3
5.0
3.0
8.2
1.6
11.2
6.2
5.8
3.5

108.0
1.4
2.1
3.1
7.6
9.0
14.2
34.2
1.1
2.4
1.8
5.9
2.4

108.7
1.6
1.9
3.3
7.3
9.0
15.0
33.4
1.1
2.7
1.7
6.5
3.0

116.2
1.7
2.1
3.5
8.0
9.6
15.7
35.4
1.2
2.9
1.8
7.0
3.6

2.2

37.9
3.5
7.6
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.0

36.7
4.0
8.6
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.0

42.0
4.1
9.1
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.1

9.7

39.2
1.2
3.8
8.3

41.9
1.6
4.0
8.8

(2)

(2)

Mar.
1990

.1
1.2
.5
.1
.1

(2)

/2\

520.5
408.0

(2)
(2)

/2\

375.5
103.5

379.8
103.8

(1)

5,168.7
142.1
62.6
88.6
3,146.5
159.4
53.8
103.6
34.2
207.4
144.2
135.0
101.5

5,178.3
140.8
63.9
89.5
3,163.5
160.6
53.2
103.2
34.8
207.5
144.5
134.1
102.6

5,203.4
142.2
64.6
89.6
3,179.3
162.1
53.5
103.8
34.9
210.0
145.1
135.8
103.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,460.3
50.3
54.4
106.8
132.9
200.1
236.2
647.0
46.5
69.0
53.5
117.5
57.0

2,479.1
50.2
55.5
105.7
134.6
202.8
239.5
655.5
46.7
71.8
53.8
121.7
56.4

2,498.4
50.3
56.5
106.6
136.4
203.8
240.7
660.2
47.0
72.3
54.2
122.6
57.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,195.8
93.2
221.6
43.9
55.1
53.8
67.2

1,207.1
93.9
228.6
44.1
56.4
54.3
68.6

1,227.0
93.9
229.9
44.5
56.9
54.8
69.6

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,068.0
36.0
91.9
238.5

1,084.9
36.1
91.3
238.4

1,092.2
37.2
91.8
238.9

1.7

1.8

1.9

39.2
1.5
3.3
8.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,424.1
196.4
464.3
35.6

1,451.7
201.6
475.7
36.4

1,461.9
204.3
479.3
36.6

33.7
.3
.6
.5

33.3
.2
.5
.4

33.6
.2
.5
.5

' 63.0
10.3
21.8
2.2

64.7
11.2
22.2
1.9

66.9
11.5
22.9
2.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,517.4
45.7
227.4
53.4
87.4
61.7
55.4
523.3
129.8

1,522.3
45.0
231.7
55.4
88.7
63.1
56.5
527.2
131.6

1,522.8
45.1
231.1
55.6
89.0
63.5
56.7
526.0
131.2

54.3
.1
.8
5.3
11.1
1.0
.4
14.4
3.0

54.4
.1
.8
5.4
11.2
1.1
.5
14.6
3.0

54.9
.1
.8
5.4
11.3
1.1
.5
14.6
3.0

80.9
2.6
25.1
1.9
3.3
4.0
2.4
21.8
5.3

81.0
2.1
26.4
1.8
3.2
4.3
2.8
21.8
5.8

82.0
2.1
25.8
1.9
3.2
4.7
2.7
22.0
5.7

See footnotes at end of table.

64




(2)
/2\
/2\

(2)

3.5

3.8

0

19.8

01
()
(1)

2.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
( )

(1)

19.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.1
(1)
1
()
()
(1)
(1)

0

(1)

( )
(1)

7.6

0)

0

.8

(1)
()
(1)
( )

0

7.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.1

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)
2.0

(1)

( )

8.0

(1)

2.4
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

9

19.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.1
(1)
(1)

.8

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.4

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.4

.4

1.9

2.1
(1)
(1)
(1)

0
0

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

o1
()

0)
(1)

(1)

(1)

9.4
(1)
( )

(1)

9.4
(1)

(1)

(1)

0)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

565.1
7.5
15.5
177.6
37.8
19.4
18.7
16.9

563.3
7.5
15.4
178.6
38.2
18.8
18.6
17.4

563.4
7.7
15.1
177.8
38.4
18.9
18.6
17.4

179.1
2.8
1.9
116.3
4.5
3.1
5.0
9.5

186.5
2.8
1.8
124.8
4.5
3.0
5.4
9.6

188.0
2.8
1.8
125.6
4.6
2.9
5.4
9.7

741.9
11.9
14.8
405.3
36.6
20.7
28.1
26.0

762.4
11.9
15.3
414.3
36.6
21.3
28.6
26.5

767.1
11.8
15.8
414.8
36.8
21.2
28.6
26.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

21.3
16.1

20.6
15.4

20.7
15.4

39.2
31.9

41.8
33.9

42.0
34.1

130.8
100.3

135.0
103.4

134.2
102.7

Idaho
Boise City

57.2
13.9

60.3
15.9

60.4
16.0

18.7
5.4

18.9
5.6

19.1
5.6

91.0
25.5

96.7
26.5

98.0
26.8

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

982.0
39.4
6.8
8.4
564.5
32.8
14.1
19.1
5.4
46.6
33.5
48.5
4.0

979.9
39.1
7.9
7.9
553.2
33.4
14.3
18.3
5.6
47.0
33.7
47.4
4.0

981.7
39.1
7.8
8.0
554.3
33.6
14.3
18.4
5.6
47.0
33.6
47.7
4.0

305.2
3.3
2.8
2.3
202.5
7.2
5.1
8.7
2.1
5.7
7.1
4.7
4.8

304.4
3.4
2.7
2.2
204.0
7.3
5.1
8.7
2.1
6.0
7.1
4.7
4.7

304.1
3.5
2.7
2.2
203.0
7.3
5.1
8.8
2.1
6.0
7.1
4.7
4.7

1,266.8
35.7
13.9
19.3
767.7
45.2
11.5
23.7
8.9
58.9
34.7
30.1
22.7

1,268.1
35.1
14.1
18.8
769.3
46.2
11.4
24.0
9.0
59.1
35.1
30.9
22.8

1,272.5
35.6
14.1
19.0
773.5
46.2
11.4
23.9
9.0
59.9
35.1
30.9
22.8

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

646.7
17.3
9.5
56.9
31.4
54.7
56.1
108.3
19.5
12.8
11.4
22.9
10.5

633.4
17.0
9.3
52.9
30.8
52.7
55.6
106.3
19.0
12.9
11.4
22.5
10.5

635.0
16.6
9.2
52.9
31.3
52.9
55.3
106.2
19.1
12.9
11.5
22.5
10.6

126.1
1.3
1.6
3.2
6.9
13.4
15.4
40.5
1.4
1.8
2.7
5.0
3.0

131.4
1.3
1.7
3.7
7.0
13.1
14.7
41.8
1.6
1.7
3.2
5.1
2.8

131.0
1.3
1.7
3.6
7.0
13.1
14.8
42.3
1.6
1.8
3.2
5.1
2.9

583.4
12.0
11.8
19.6
34.4
48.8
56.3
168.2
10.3
14.2
12.9
30.9
15.5

589.1
11.6
11.4
19.6
35.0
49.4
57.1
171.3
10.1
15.0
12.8
31.6
14.9

595.4
11.7
12.0
20.0
35.3
49.0
57.9
174.1
10.1
15.1
13.0
31.8
15.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

232.4
23.6
25.0
12.5
4.4
10.5
15.6

230.7
21.7
26.0
12.6
4.5
10.6
15.7

232.8
21.8
25.9
12.5
4.5
10.6
16.0

55.1
5.8
12.3
1.7
1.3
3.3
1.8

55.2
5.8
12.3
1.7
1.4
3.6
1.9

54.9
5.7
12.4
1.7
1.5
3.6
1.9

302.6
22.1
57.2
10.2
10.4
14.0
16.3

306.4
22.4
58.7
10.2
10.7
13.8
16.6

311.8
22.3
58.9
10.2
10.8
13.9
17.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

184.7
4.6
9.5
63.2

186.0
4.7
10.0
64.6

186.1
4.7
10.1
64.2

65.5
1.0
7.0
10.9

66.0
1.0
6.8
11.3

66.0
1.1
6.8
11.2

263.0
7.7
20.7
55.1

268.3
8.2
19.9
53.5

269.6
8.3
20.0
53.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

282.3
33.3
88.4
6.3

283.7
33.6
88.1
6.5

284.7
33.6
88.2
6.5

76.2
8.8
29.8
2.1

74.9
8.9
29.6
2.2

75.9
9.0
30.5
2.2

340.8
43.8
116.1
9.4

347.9
44.1
119.2
9.7

350.7
44.7
119.5
9.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

173.6
3.3
20.8
4.4
7.5
11.6
7.5
43.5
17.5

171.9
3.6
21.6
4.7
8.2
11.8
7.6
42.4
17.7

171.2
3.5
21.6
4.7
8.1
11.7
7.8
42.1
17.5

106.2
2.3
10.2
6.0
6.2
4.0
3.1
43.1
8.4

105.6
2.3
10.6
6.4
6.2
4.2
3.0
43.3
8.4

104.5
2.3
10.5
6.2
6.1
4.3
2.9
43.0
8.3

363.7
10.6
53.0
13.7
23.9
14.8
14.2
133.6
31.9

363.1
10.0
54.0
14.2
24.2
15.1
14.1
135.4
32.4

364.7
10.1
54.2
14.3
24.0
15.2
14.2
135.4
32.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

162.3
2.1

163.4
2.0

163.2
2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

105.5
5.7
6.0
7.3
4.9

105.6
5.5
5.8
7.4
4.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

34.7
28.4

Idaho
Boise City

Georaia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Illinois
Aurora—Eloin

Bloominoton—Normal
ChamDaian-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
DavenDort Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
joiiet
Kankakee
Lake Countv
Peoria
Rockford

••

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

105.4
5.5
5.8
7.5
4.8

509.5
13.0
20.2
211.3
35.2
20.8
34.9
16.7

537.0
13.4
20.7
220.0
36.0
21.1
35.5
16.8

534.1
13.6
20.8
219.9
35.7
20.9
35.7
17.1

35.7
29.1

35.5
29.0

142.7
106.9

147.4
111.3

150.5
113.7

103.4
86.8

107.3
89.9

108.1
90.6

19.0
7.6

19.5
7.7

19.6
7.6

75.3
21.5

78.2
22.1

79.0
2' .9

78.4
18.4

82.3
19.7

82.9
19.8

368.9
7.3
10.6
3.0
267.1
7.4
2.3

371.4
7.3
11.1
3.1
269.7
7.7
2.3
3.6

372.2
7.3
11.1
3.1
270.4
7.6
2.3
3.5

1,275.3
32.5
12.9
17.6
848.5
34.4
11.8
23.0

1,284.9
31.7
13.0
17.8
866.0
34.5
11.5
23.4

1,288.2
32.3
13.1
18.2
869.3
35.1
11.5
23.4

751.6
16.2
13.5
35.7
369.8
27.1
5.9
17.4

757.1
17.3
13.4
37.6
380.1
27.1
5.9
17.5

760.0
17.2
13.6
37.0
381.1
27.3
59
17.6

1.2

1.3

8.4

8.8

8.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

10.0

10.1
7.1
5.3

8.2

8.2

43.9
39.5
28.5
25.7

44.3
39.6
29.1
26.1

44.2
39.6
28.9
26.2

30.6
16.0
12.9
32.9

31.5
16.4
12.0
33.7

31.6

7.1
5.3

120.8

122.8

123.1

370.3

1.5
2.0
3.1
5.5

6.1

6.2

6.2

18.1

18.6

18.6

12.3

13.1

13.1

519.8
11.4
10.9
17.0
35.1
48.5
5(3.2
155.3

371.2

1.5
2.0
3.2
5.5

497.4
10.8

369.9

1.6
1.9
2.8
5.3

7.7

5.8

5.8

5.8

14.5
11.2
37.4
12.2

21.8
12.0
11.5
11.1

22.2
11.8
12.8
10.7

22.0
11.8
12.6
10.8

285.0
23.9
58.8
13.2

221.6
10.6
31.4

224.7
11.5
32.0

228.3
11.4
32.1

5.4
7.9

8.3

8.3

8.3

49.0

49.2

1.3

1.5

1.4

7.0

3.1
1.7
6.1
2.0

3.1
1.7
6.3
2.1

3.1
1.7
6.3
2.1

12.9
11.0
35.0
12.1

Iowa
Cedar RaDids
Des Moines
Dubuoue
Iowa Citv
Sioux Citv
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

67.4

69.8

70.0

276.7
22.9
57.7
13.1

281.7
23.8
58.5
12.9

Kansas

..

Apr.
1990P

636.5
8.7
11.6
372.8
36.1
18.4
25.0
26.5

49.2

Lafavette-West Lafavette
Muncie
South Bend—Mishawaka
Terre Haute

Mar.
1990

637.1
8.8
11.3
372.9
34.9
18.5
25.1
26.7

3.5
1.2
9.9
7.1

.

Apr.
1989

599.3
8.3
11.1
352.4
34.4
18.2
24.3
25.9

515.0
11.2
10.6
16.6
34.7
47.6
56.3
156.1
7.7
14.1
11.2
37.0
12.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloominoton
Elkhart Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Garv Hammond
IndianaDolis

Apr.
1990?

4.7

4.7

4.7

30.4

32.5

32.7

1.5
1.4
2.5

1.5
1.5
2.6

1.5
1.4
2.6

2.8

2.9

57.6
1.4
6.6

9.3

15.2
32.9
43.7
53.8
151.3

164

12.5
33.7

6.0

6.5

6.4

12.3
18.3
32.1
94.5

12.1
18.0
32.4
96.8

12.1
17.7
32.3
96.8

3.6

3.8

3.8

9.9

9.8

9.9

26.1

26.8

27.0

15.1
15.7

115.1
115.7

6.7

6.8

6.9

2.9

14.7
15.4

13.3

13.8

13.9

58.9

59.2

229.3

237.6

239.4

1.5
6.7

1.5
6.7

7.4

7.2

7.6

21.6
59.3

21.7
59.3

219.3
12.4
23.1
28.2

219.5
12.3
22.5
28.8

220.3
12.4
22.5
28.7
262.6
44.8
64.2

11.0

10.8

11.1

21.7
59.5

Kentucky
Lexinoton—Favette
I nukville
Owensboro

59.9
9.5
27.1

60.9
9.3
26.7

61.1
9.4
27.0

309.9
47.8
118.1

323.8
49.6
125.4

32(3.4
51.1
126.5

258.3
42.6
62.4

262.5
44.7
64.0

1.4

1.5

1.5

8.4

8.5

3.6

5.3

5.7

5.6

Louisisnd

79.3

77.9

77.5

344.3
11.6
49.8
9.2
19.5
12.5
12.3
146.8
31.3

349.8
11.8
50.3
10.0
19.6
12.8
13.0
149.4
32.7

349.6
11.9
50.3
10.1
20.1
12.7
13.0
143.6
3,2.6

315.1
12.7
54.6
10.8
12.6
10.7
11.2
87.0
25.9

318.6
12.7
54.9
10.8
12.9
10.7
11.3
87.2
25.5

318.4
12.7
54.7
10.9
13.0
10.7
11.4
87.2
25.5

Topeka
Wichita

Hnuma Thibodaux
LsfBVGttG
1 akp Pharlp^
NPW Orleans
ShrevGDort
See footnotes at end of table.

66




2.5

2.4

2.4

13.1
2.1
3.3

13.1
2.1
3.2

13.2
2.1
3.2

3.1
4.3

3.1
4.2

3.1
4.2

33.1
6.5

33.1

33.1
6.2

6.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

532.0
41.0
129.6

529.3
41.1
131.2

529.9
41.4
131.9

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,135.8
1,136.2
476.2
768.3

2,150.9
1,142.2
476.2
777.2

2,156.1
1,146.6
479.9
777.5

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,118.8
1,751.5
74.3
56.5
41.9
165.4
108.4
68.3
42.2
243.8
205.1

3,048.5
1,716.8
73.1
55.9
40.5
162.9
102.2
66.4
42.1
239.5
200.8

3,063.4
1,723.7
73.7
55.8
41.0
164.2
102.1
66.8
42.6
240.0
202.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,899.6
175.3
60.0
67.1
1,935.1
166.0
341.2
53.7
111.7
213.0
57.8
156.7

3,870.8
177.3
60.0
66.0
1,910.0
166.3
346.7
53.7
112.3
214.9
57.5
157.9

3,899.3
178.3
60.4
67.2
1,919.8
166.9
349.0
53.9
113.0
214.1
57.9
159.8

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,068.1
94.4
1,339.5
62.4
76.8

2,096.0
95.2
1,357.3
64.1
80.1

2,120.7
95.5
1,371.6
64.2
81.6

918.1
184.4

928.7
187.3

934.7
188.4

2,308.5
772.8
1,172.5
116.2

2,307.5
789.5
1,174.4
119.2

2,330.8
793.0
1,184.9
119.7

Montana

285.9

290.2

292.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

705.3
118.7
320.7

716.5
122.2
326.1

723.1
122.8
329.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

569.7
332.7
138.8

608.0
364.2
143.7

613.1
366.7
145.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

524.6
87.8
93.7
110.8

507.3
82.6
89.2
104.5

508.1
83.5
89.5
104.4

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,685.8
165.5
669.6
449.6
249.6
539.6
333.2
967.3
198.3
58.1

3,686.5
168.3
671.5
454.8
250.2
539.8
332.8
978.1
198.6
58.4

3,710.3
171.9
672.5
459.0
251.5
540.9
335.6
980.7
199.5
59.3

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

0.1
(2)
(2)

Apr.
1990P

0.1

1.7
.3
()
(1)

/2\

IZ\

()

i2\

(2)

lZ\

159.0
77.7
20.3
70.7

1.4
.7

126.6
63.8
3.3
2.5
2.1
6.9
4.9
2.9
2.1
9.3
8.5

104.1
50.9
2.9
2.3
1.4
5.8
4.2
2.5
1.4
6.8
7.4

107.9
53.0
3.0
2.5
1.6
6.1
4.4
2.7
1.6
7.3
7.8

129.2
5.2
2.1
1.7
61.4
5.0
16.3
1.6
4.1
5.8
2.2
7.1

118.5
4.6
2.0
1.5
53.1
5.0
15.3
1.9
3.8
5.0
2.0
7.4

126.9
5.3
2.1
1.7
55.8
4.9
16.5
2.2
4.1
5.4
2.3
7.7

7.8
5.5

71.0
2.9
47.4
2.0
3.3

67.8
3.1
45.9
1.7
3.6

74.9
3.2
49.7
1.8
3.8

6.1
.6

35.7
7.7

35.5
7.2

35.3
7.3

5.1

94.6
31.6
59.4
4.5

89.5
32.4
56.9
4.3

94.3
33.5
58.2
4.5

6.0

8.8

7.3

8.5

1.6

24.0
3.9
11.5

23.3
4.1
11.2

25.2
4.4
12.3

14.9
.3
1.5

43.0
29.1
7.3

48.0
34.5
7.1

49.3
35.1
7.6

.5

30.5
5.7
4.0
4.8

21.4
3.8
2.5
3.5

23.5
4.3
2.6
3.7

2.5

165.1
9.7
31.3
25.4
7.0
23.0
20.3
37.7
5.2
2.3

148.4
9.8
30.1
24.4
6.3
21.2
18.0
36.3
4.6
2.4

155.1
9.5
31.0
26.1
6.8
21.9
18.2
37.0
4.7
2.5

(1)
(2)

.1
.2
.2

.1
.1
.2

10.8
(1)
1
()
(1)
1.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
(1)
(1)

10.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
1.1
(11)
()
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

0
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(2)

157.1
75.9
19.8
70.2

i2\

(2)

(2)

160.7
76.1
20.1
71.4

i2\

0

I)

1.7
.3

1.3
.7
2

(2)
(2)

(2)

28.4
1.9
7.7

()
(1)

1.4
.6
(2\

28.1
1.9
7.6

1

(1)

7.2
5.1

.1
.1
.3
10.4
(1)
1

( )
(1)

1.1
(1)

( )
(1)

7.6
5.5
(2)

(2)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

01
()

5.8
.7

6.2
.6

5.1
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.9
(1)

(1)
( )
(1)

0
6.5

6.0

1.5

1.4
(1)
(1)

0
(1)
13.0
.2
1.4

(1)
(1)

14.6
.3
1.5

.4

.4

0
(1)
0

0
(11)
()
2.5
(1)
( )
(1)
( )

0
(1)
2.4

(1)

(1)

( )

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

.6
1

(1)

.6
1

()
.8
(1)

.8
(1)

.4

.7
(1)

()

.8
(1)

.4

Apr.
1990P

30.6
2.1
8.1

1.6
.3
(1)

Mar.
1990

0.1
(2)
(2)

IZ\

1

Apr.
1989

.4

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing)

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

104.1
9.9
16.6

104.2
9.7
16.7

103.5
9.7
16.5

21.8
1.4
5.4

22.0
1.4
5.1

2:1.9
1.4
5.2

132.8
10.3
39.1

131.3
10.6
39.2

131.4
10.6
39.5

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Marvland-D C

207.9
130.3
44.8
38.2

204.6
127.9
44.1
38.2

204.5
127.6
44.4
38.1

100.3
56.0
28.1
30.7

101.3
56.1
28.0
31.7

101.9
56.9
28.5
31.7

533.8
274.6
95.3
196.4

536 5
275.2
92.4
198.7

537 9
276.1
93.9
199.0

569.5
261.0
10.2
15.5
12.3
48.5
36.4
18.2
10.7
49.0
44.4

537.2
249.7
9.5
14.9
12.2
45.9
31.9
17.3
10.8
46.7
43.7

534.3
248.3
9.6
14.5
12.2
45.7
31.5
17.1
11.0
46.7
43.5

131.4
75.3
4.7
1.9
1.6
6.7
4.8
2.9
1.3
10.0
9.5

130.1
76.5
4.6
1.9
1.4
6.4
4.9
2.8
1.4
10.0
9.1

130.7
76.8
4.5
1.9
1.4
6.4
4.7
2.8
1.4
10.0
9.2

735.1
393.0
23.8
15.2
10.4
36.8
22.7
16.9
9.8
58.6
49.9

723.8
387.7
23.6
14.7
9.8
36.3
21.9
16.3
9.9
59.2
50.3

727.9
389.3
23.8
14.8
9.9
36.6
21.9
16.5
9.9
59.3
50.2

977.2
39.8
16.9
22.2
463.1
53.2
101.6
13.6
30.9
33.4
17.1
44.2

938.9
38.2
16.3
20.8
443.4
51.8
101.1
12.7
30.0
32.4
16.4
43.6

942.4
38.5
16.2
21.0
443.9
52.0
101.6
12.8
29.8
32.4
16.4
44.0

150.1
4.7
1.6
2.4
86.4
4.3
11.3
4.1
3.1
5.3
2.2
6.2

150.2
4.9
1.6
2.5
86.8
4.1
11.4
3.9
3.3
5.7
2.2
6.1

150.8
4.9
1.6
2.6
87.5
4.1
11.2
3.9
3.3
5.7
2.2
6.1

906.0
29.8
11.9
14.4
462.4
40.4
88.3
12.7
25.4
45.3
13.3
37.4

899.7
30.4
11.9
14.4
458.8
40.8
91.6
12.7
25.6
45.6
13.2
37.8

913.0
30.2
12.0
14.7
461.7
40.8
92.3
12.7
26.0
45.0
13.4
38.4

394.3
8.5
263.2
11.5
14.4

394.4
8.2
260.7
11.6
14.9

394.0
8.0
261.2
11.6
15.0

103.7
5.6
73.0
1.9
3.8

107.7
5.8
76.7
1.9
3.9

108.4
5.8
77.3
1.9
3.9

509.4
23.2
327.0
12.5
23.5

509.8
23.6
327.1
12.5
26.0

518.0
23.8
330.5
12.5
26.1

MississiDDi

242.7
21.3

240.4
21.5

242.2
21.9

44.9
13.7

46.2
14.4

46.5
14.4

193.7
42.9

197.1
43.2

198.9
43.3

Missouri
Kansas Citv
St Louis
Snrinafield

440.8
110.0
225.4
21.3

432.8
110.7
218.9
20.9

437.3
110.3
222.6
21.1

150.2
63.1
76.2

150.2
64.2
77.9

150.5
64.5
78.3

7.1

7.5

7.5

563.4
200.4
285.1
32.9

561.9
207.3
288.2
33.7

567.9
207.6
289.6
34.0

Montana

20.8

21.3

21.0

19.7

19.3

19.4

75.6

77.9

78.4

Nebraska
Lincoln

94.0
14.4
34.9

95.4
14.2
35.7

95.8
14.3
35.9

45.5
6.5
24.1

46.4

46.5

6.6

6.7

24.7

24.9

183.7
26.9
82.9

183.8
27.5
83.7

186.0
27.7
84.7

Nevada
Las Veoas

25.1
9.7
8.4

25.9
10.4
8.6

25.9
10.5
8.6

30.2
17.7
9.4

31.6
19.0

31.9
19.3

9.2

9.1

115.7
70.0
31.2

123.7
77.0
33.1

124.8
77.6
33.4

115.2
12.3
34.4
21.1

108.8
11.2
32.8
19.3

108.8
11.2
32.6
19.3

18.4
4.7
3.1
2.7

18.1
4.9
3.0
2.5

18.2
4.9
3.0
2.6

135.2
23.7
23.1
27.8

128.4
21.9
22.0
25.8

127.6
21.4
21.7
25.8

651.8
8.5
150.7
72.6
42.9
114.6
27.8
174.8
28.8
16.5

640.1
8.6
146.9
69.7
42.0
112.7
27.7
172.0
28.5
16.4

639.3
8.5
146.3
70.1
42.5
112.3
27.4
170.7
28.5
16.8

243.7
6.7
29.9
19.8
33.4
41.8
17.5
80.9
6.7
2.1

242.2
6.5
29.4
20.1
33.8
42.0
17.5
81.7
6.6
2.2

242.9
6.6
29.6
20.1
33.8
42.3
17.5
33.2
6.6
2.3

873.9
33.8
191.3
121.7
61.6
129.7
88.5
194.5
31.1
11.3

875.2
32.5
192.4
124.7
60.7
130.0
88.8
194.9
31.2
10.9

878.1
34.3
191.5
124.4
61.1
129.2
89.2
194.8
31.7
11.0

..

Massachusetts
Boston
Fall River
Fitchbura Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Snrinafield
Worcester
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids

Muskegon
Saainaw-Bav Citv Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
MinneaDolis-St Paul
St Cloud

New Hamoshire
Manchester

Atlantic Citv
Camden
Iprsev Citv

Newark
Trenton
Vinplflnrl-Millville Bridaeton
See footnotes at end of table.

68




.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

25.3
2.3
11.8

24.8
2.3
11.3

24.9
2.4
11.3

120.4
10.7
32.4

120.5
10.9
34.8

121.0
11.0
35.2

96.9
4.3
16.2

98.3
4.3
16.6

98.7
4.4
16.5

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Marvland-D C

130.0
76.3
45.6
44.9

131.4
76.5
45.6
45.9

131.9
76.8
45.9
46.0

586.3
310.9
149.8
224.6

596.4
316.8
152.6
226.8

597.7
317.9
153.0
227.5

415.1
211.7
92.5
162.1

422.0
213.5
93.7
165.7

421.5
213.3
93.9
164.5

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Cnrinnfield
Worcester

218.2
148.7
3.5
3.4
1.6
6.4
3.8
2.5
2.0
15.8
14.0

217.0
147.0
3.6
3.5
1.5
6.3
3.5
2.4
2.0
15.1
13.6

218.4
148.1
3.6
3.5
1.5
6.4
3.5
2.4
2.0
15.1
13.7

925.7
601.9
16.7
10.9
8.9
37.1
22.2
14.8
11.4
61.7
53.3

927.5
599.9
16.4
11.3
9.2
39.1
22.2
15.1
11.8
61.8
51.9

934.4
602.8
16.5
11.3
9.3
39.5
22.5
15.3
11.7
61.7
52.7

410.9
207.2
12.1
7.1
5.0
23.0
13.6
10.1
4.8
39.2
25.3

407.5
204.4
12.5
7.3
5.0
23.1
13.6
10.0
4.8
39 8
24.6

408.4
204.7
12.7
73
5.1
23.5
13.6
10.0
4.9
39 8
24.8

186.8
4.6
3.2
2.6
110.8
5.8
15.5
1.7
5.0
12.6
1.4
6.2

190.6
4.7
3.3
2.7
112.4
6.0
15.8
1.7
5.2
12.6
1.5
5.9

190.5
4.7
3.4
2.7
112.6
6.0
15.8
1.7
5.2
12.6
1.5
5.9

899.1
36.3
12.7
14.9
504.8
33.2
74.5
9.9
24.9
41.6
12.2
34.5

905.5
37.9
13.2
15.2
508.4
34.5
75.9
10.3
25.3
41.8
12.0
35.9

913.3
38.2
13.4
15.6
513.1
35.2
76.8
10.2
25.4
43.2
12.2
36.4

640.5
55.1
11.7
8.9
245.2
24.0
33.7
10.0
18.3
69.0
9.4
21.1

657.4
56 7
11.8
89
245.8
24.2
35.6
10.5
19.1
71.9
10.1
21.2

651.9
56 6
11.8
89
244 0
23.9
34.9
10.4
19.3
69.8
98
21.3

119.5
3.1
92.2
1.6
2.3

121.7
3.2
93.6
1.7
2.4

121.9
3.2
93.8
1.7
2.4

527.5
23.6
353.9
26.5
15.8

547.8
23.7
366.5
28.0
16.0

553.6
23.8
370.3
28.1
16.2

335.5
22.4
182.2
6.4
13.7

339.2
22 1
186.3
6.7
133

342.1
22 2
188.3
6.6
142

38.8
14.6

38.5
14.6

38.5
14.6

152.9
41.9

156.7
42.6

158.7
43.2

203.7
41.7

208.0
43.1

208.4
43.0

134.8
58.5
74.3
5.3

134.2
59.2
73.8
5.6

134.2
59.1
74.1
5.6

551.9
188.4
305.7
29.9

557.2
193.7
311.8
31.4

564.1
195.8
313.8
31.3

367.7
120.7
146.5
15.2

376 8
122.0
146.9
15.8

377 4
122.2
148 3
15.7

12.9

13.4

13.5

70.1

73.7

74.3

71.5

71.3

70 9

48.2
8.5
28.7

48.4
8.4
29.3

48.5
8.4
29.3

167.0
26.9
91.6

172.2
28.8
93.4

173.9
28.9
94.5

141.4
31.6
47.0

145 6
32.6
48 1

145 6
32 4
48 1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.0
16.1
6.5

26.5
16.8
6.9

26.6
16.9
6.9

246.2
153.3
57.0

262.3
167.5
59.0

264.4
168.2
59.8

71.5
36.6
17.6

75.4
38 7
18.3

75 3
38 8
18.1

New HamDshlre
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth Dover-Rochester

32.3
8.6
3.4
7.1

31.9
8.7
3.0
7.1

32.2
8.8
3.2
7.1

120.8
24.0
17.9
21.5

124.3
23.2
17.9
20.9

124.1
23.9
18.3
21.0

71.8
8.8
7.8
25.8

74.0
8.9
8.0
25.4

73.2
90
8.1
24.9

241.4
6.8
39.0
25.2
16.5
39.0
19.2
79.5
10.5
3.7

240.4
6.7
38.9
24.8
16.1
38.1
19.7
79.9
10.5
3.9

241.6
6.8
39.2
25.0
16.2
38.4
19.6
79.8
10.6
3.9

942.8
74.0
158.9
110.6
48.5
116.7
95.8
258.8
59.7
10.2

965.9
78.0
163.7
114.5
50.9
117.9
96.0
269.1
59.9
10.3

975.1
79.9
164.5
116.2
50.6
118.5
98.5
269.7
60.2
10.4

564.6
26 0
68.5
74.3
39.7
74.2
64.1
140.3
56.3
11.6

571.9
26 2
70 1
76 6
40 4
77.3
65.1
143 4
57 3
11.9

575.7
26 3
70 4
77 1
40 5
77.6
65.2
144 7
57 2
12.0

11311)0

Lewiston Auburn
Portland

• •

Michigan
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Pljnt
Grand RaDids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansina-East Lansina
Muskeaon
Saainaw-Bav Citv-Midland

,

Minnesota
Duluth
MinneaDolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud
Mississippi

Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
Springfield
Montana
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

. .

Now Jersov
Atlantic Citv
Camden
Jersev Citv
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridaeton
See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Constructior

Mining

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

558.3
239.9
42.7
55.3

565.6
242.5
44.4
57.3

567.5
242.9
44.8
57.8

14.1
(2)
2
()
(2)

14.6
(2)

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,236.2
423.7
121.2
456.8
41.2
46.6
1,143.0
4,145.1
3,617.5
83.1
107.2
120.5
486.6
101.6
308.9
125.9
407.2

8,258.1
430.4
119.6
461.6
41.6
46.4
1,138.4
4,153.4
3,622.2
84.3
107.3
120.4
485.2
101.9
311.8
127.3
410.6

8,289.6
434.7
119.5
462.8
41.8
47.0
1,143.3
4,156.6
3,622.7
85.0
108.0
120.8
489.8
102.4
314.4
128.2
412.6

5.7
.6

5.2
.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,051.7
83.7
611.0
489.6
418.8

3,097.3
87.2
628.7
486.6
428.4

3,105.6
88.1
630.4
486.2
429.5

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

257.9
38.8
74.2
31.0

260.4
39.2
76.0
31.9

263.2
39.7
76.5
32.0

(1)
(1)
(1)

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,777.0
281.2
163.0
717.9
922.0
695.7
446.8
293.0
197.0

4,834.5
285.4
163.3
735.1
936.0
709.1
452.1
292.7
198.2

4,890.7
289.5
165.4
745.2
947.5
719.0
456.0
296.6
200.9

17.8
.5
.7
.4
.8
.8
.4
.2
.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,154.1
21.4
34.5
420.3
301.9

1,166.4
21.6
35.0
431.0
312.2

1,168.3
21.5
34.8
431.5
312.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,187.2
113.4
606.3
101.6

1,225.4
118.4
625.7
103.8

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,111.3
281.1
51.8
49.0
116.5
308.4
79.7
188.6
2,200.9
766.4
891.1

5,106.5
281.1
52.0
49.0
118.4
312.5
80.3
188.5
2,187.3
763.9
903.1

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

See footnotes at end of table.

70



Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

14.6

31.0
13.5
2.5
2.6

27.7
12.5
2.4
2.5

27.6
12.3
2.5
2.5

5.7
.6

324.5
19.1
5.0
17.0
1.7
2.3
58.4
150.4
118.9
3.4
5.0
6.4
17.6
5.3
14.4
3.7
24.2

301.7
18.3
4.7
14.7
1.4
2.4
53.8
144.5
114.8
3.0
4.4
5.9
17.2
4.7
14.3
3.1
23.0

310.3
20.0
5.0
15.8
1.5
2.6
54.6
146.3
115.2
3.5
4.7
6.4
18.7
5.0
15.1
3.5
24.1

5.0

159.4
4.5
35.6
24.2
21.3

160.1
4.4
36.3
24.6
21.4

161.3
4.4
36.6
24.6
21.5

3.8

8.1
1.5
2.9
1.2

7.5
1.4
3.0
1.0

8.3
1.6
3.3
1.1

17.5
.6
.7
.4
.9
.8
.4
.2
.5

17.7
.6
.8
.4
.9
.8
.4
.2
.5

181.5
9.5
6.7
33.0
31.0
28.3
17.0
11.4
7.3

174.7
8.7
6.3
32.5
29.3
27.0
16.2
10.8
6.6

188.3
10.0
7.2
34.8
32.0
29.0
17.3
11.9
7.5

43.2
1.0
.2
10.8
12.5

43.3
.9
.2
10.9
12.3

44.3
.9
.2
10.6
12.2

34.9
.6
1.2
11.2
10.2

35.2
.6
.9
12.1
11.1

36.0
.6
.9
12.3
10.9

1,238.0
119.6
630.9
104.5

1.3
.2
.4
.1

1.3
.2
.4
.1

1.3
.2
.4
.1

43.3
3.7
24.4
3.8

45.4
3.8
25.5
3.8

49.3
4.0
26.8
4.1

5,136.0
282.2
52.5
49.3
118.8
315.2
80.3
189.8
2,190.3
761.0
908.7

27.4
.6
()
( )
(1)
.4
2.6
.4
1.1
(1)
4.5

27.2
.5
()
1
()
(1)
.4
2.6
.4
1.0
(1)
4.5

27.4
.6
()
1
()
(1)
.4
2.6
.4
1.1
(1)
4.5

227.1
13.6
2.4
2.3
3.4
13.7
2.7
11.8
104.5
17.3
39.8

216.7
12.4
2,3
2.3
3.4
13.5
2.4
11.5
96.2
16.1
37.2

226.3
12.7
2.4
2.3
3.7
14.7
2.6
12.0
100.5
17.0
38.8

1

(2)
(2)

1

()

01
()
(1)
()
(1)

1

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

( )

(1)

(1)

.4

1

(1)
(1)
(1)

.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

.6
(1)
(1)

.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

4.9

5.0
(1)
(1)
()
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3.8

1

.4

.3
(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(1)
(1)

(2)

3.7
(1)

(1)

1

( )

1

( )

(1)

(1)

1

1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

41.3
21.3
3.5
1.6

42.4
20.9
3.5
1.7

42.5
21.0
3.5
1.7

29.1
12.6
1.5
.9

28.7
12.6
1.6
1.0

28.7
12.5
1.5
1.0

132.1
59.5
8.8
10.6

132.8
60.3
9.0
10.7

133.4
60.5
9.2
11.0

1,193.3
46.6
36.5
77.2
9.1
10.5
163.1
437.8
362.2
23.9
15.0
30.0
138.6
15.0
53.2
24.8
58.5

1,169.8
46.9
34.6
76.9
8.6
10.1
157.4
431.2
355.1
23.8
13.2
30.1
131.5
14.6
52.5
23.7
59.4

1,164.4
47.1
33.9
76.7
8.5
10.0
156.2
428.0
352.2
23.9
13.4
29.0
131.2
14.6
52.8
23.9
59.1

414.9
17.2
4.4
22.0
1.4
1.5
49.8
243.5
217.9
3.8
6.4
3.7
15.1
4.8
18.6
4.3
20.1

420.3
17.3
4.5
21.8
1.4
1.6
51.1
245.9
220.4
3.8
6.8
3.7
15.4
5.2
19.1
4.4
19.7

422.0
17.4
4.5
22.0
1.4
1.6
50.7
245.2
219.7
3.9
6.7
3.7
15.5
5.2
19.2
4.4
19.7

1,708.3
90.2
25.1
115.0
10.6
11.0
297.7
748.1
628.0
19.8
29.4
21.8
103.4
23.0
74.1
27.2
92.8

1,709.0
92.4
25.1
117.1
10.6
11.4
295.6
746.6
625.3
20.3
29.5
21.9
106.2
23.3
75.2
27.4
93.7

1,711.8
92.7
25.2
117.4
10.7
11.5
296.6
745.1
624.2
20.5
29.5
22.1
108.1
23.2
75.8
27.9
93.3

866.1
19.6
154.0
152.4
61.8

857.6
20.1
153.4
147.2
63.2

854.2
20.1
153.0
146.7
63.2

149.7
4.1
49.1
26.4
19.6

153.4
4.3
50.2
26.1
21.2

153.9
4.3
50.3
25.9
21.0

702.6
20.2
152.1
111.6
89.3

720.9
21.7
156.2
111.7
91.1

726.5
22.0
157.3
111.5
91.1

16.0
2.1
5.1
1.7

17.2
2.2
5.6
1.6

16.8
2.2
5.5
1.6

16.7
2.7
4.7
1.6

16.7
2.9
4.6
1.7

16.8
3.0
4.7
1.7

69.1
10.3
21.5
8.7

68.6
10.2
21.2
9.3

69.9
10.3
21.5
9.4

1,121.2
67.7
46.0
144.8
206.0
103.7
104.7
62.6
50.7

1,114.8
67.6
44.8
148.3
206.1
104.2
104.1
59.0
49.3

1,117.6
67.6
44.0
147.9
206.5
104.6
104.0
59.4
49.5

212.8
13.0
5.5
38.7
41.3
30.4
17.3
13.8
7.7

215.0
13.3
5.5
40.3
42.0
30.8
18.0
14.3
7.7

216.4
13.4
5.6
40.6
42.6
31.2
18.1
14.4
7.8

1,146.4
69.8
40.3
185.5
220.8
176.8
99.5
72.9
52.0

1,174.3
71.0
40.9
193.9
225.5
182.1
100.7
74.3
53.4

1,191.4
72.3
41.9
197.7
229.1
185.5
102.6
75.5
54.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

162.3
1.6
3.4
48.8
52.1

164.8
1.5
3.4
48.8
53.7

164.5
1.5
3.4
48.5
53.7

64.5
2.1
1.9
20.8
23.8

65.6
2.2
1.7
20.9
24.8

65.9
2.1
1.7
20.9
24.7

274.6
6.3
8.4
103.1
71.6

277.3
6.2
8.6
103.2
73.7

280.3
6.2
8.7
103.7
74.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

209.7
20.9
99.4
13.5

214.1
20.6
101.7
13.9

213.6
20.4
101.8
14.0

61.8
4.4
36.8
2.8

64.0
4.5
37.5
2.8

64.0
4.5
37.6
2.8

299.1
28.4
159.3
22.8

312.4
29.8
165.5
23.2

315.8
30.4
166.7
23.4

1,051.3
75.6
10.3
9.0
35.5
51.1
14.6
59.0
365.1
87.7
123.2

1,028.8
74.7
10.2
8.9
36.4
50.1
14.6
58.2
357.5
84.5
122.9

1,028.0
74.2
10.3
8.9
36.4
50.6
14.7
57.7
355.9
83.5
122.5

256.6
14.4
4.6
5.1
4.4
19.4
5.2
7.7
100.8
42.4
48.0

252.7
13.8
4.5
5.1
4.3
19.0
5.1
7.3
98.8
41.1
49.4

252.9
13.8
4.5
5.0
4.3
19.1
5.2
7.5
98.4
41.0
49.3

1,167.3
61.7
13.9
11.5
25.3
70.8
17.0
46.0
512.4
147.2
223.7

1,166.1
62.2
14.1
11.5
25.1
71.9
17.1
46.3
506.3
146.0
223.9

1,171.6
62.4
14.0
11.5
25.3
72.0
17.0
46.7
505.2
145.9
225.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

26.1
14.3
1.6
2.1

26.6
14.3
1.7
2.1

26.7
14.4
1.7
2.1

137.5
70.0
7.4
14.6

140.7
71.6
7.9
15.2

141.0
71.8
7.9
15.3

147.1
48.6
17.3
22.8

152.1
50.2
18.2
24.0

153.0
50.3
18.4
24.1

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.,
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

789.8
24.3
4.2
28.2
1.4
1.7
82.5
565.5
529.2
2.0
4.6
4.8
22.7
5.4
19.8
7.3
30.2

783.8
24.9
4.1
28.5
1.4
1.6
83.7
557.5
521.0
2.0
4.8
4.8
23.0
5.4
19.9
7.5
30.4

785.5
25.1
4.1
28.4
1.4
1.6
84.1
555.3
518.8
2.0
4.8
4.9
23.0
5.4
20.0
7.6
30.4

2,335.0
112.1
24.4
121.5
10.1
10.2
303.0
1,308.5
1,152.9
17.6
23.3
28.7
120.9
26.5
75.8
27.5
123.8

2,384.3
114.3
24.5
125.8
10.8
9.9
306.5
1,330.7
1,172.4
18.1
23.9
28.6
123.2
27.0
77.5
28.3
126.3

2,400.4
115.0
24.6
126.0
10.8
10.0
310.5
1,336.6
1,176.3
18.3
24.2
29.2
124.0
27.1
77.9
28.2
128.0

1,464.6
113.7
21.6
75.7
7.0
9.4
188.6
691.4
608.1
12.6
"23.5
25.0
67.6
21.6
53.1
31.2
57.7

1,484.0
115.9
22.1
76.8
7.4
9.4
190.3
697.0
612.9
13.3
24.7
25.4
68.2
21.7
53.4
32.9
58.2

1,489.5
116.8
22.2
76.5
7.4
9.5
190.7
700.0
616.0
12.9
24.8
25.5
68.5
21.9
53.7
32.6
58.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

130.9
2.8
37.6
23.6
23.3

132.0
2.9
38.4
23.5
23.9

132.3
2.9
38.4
23.7
23.8

553.1
19.8
114.1
96.5
107.9

576.3
20.5
121.0
97.7
111.0

578.6
20.7
121.4
97.9
11 1.5

485.0
12.7
68.5
54.9
95.6

492.0
13.3
73.2
55.8
96.6

493.8
13.7
73.4
55.9
97.4

12.2
1.5
4.4
1.1

12.4
1.5
4.5
1.2

12.5
1.5
4.5
1.2

65.5
11.7
20.9
7.1

67.3
11.9
21.8
7.0

67.9
12.1
22.0
7.1

66.5
9.0
14.7
9.6

67.0
9.1
15.3
10.1

67.2
9.0
15.0
9.9

249.4
10.3
6.8
42.5
56.2
59.0
17.5
12.0
8.5

255.0
10.5
6.8
42.4
57.3
60.3
17.7
11.9
8.7

255.8
10.5
6.8
42.7
57.4
60.4
17.6
12.0
8.8

1,131.3
64.4
37.8
180.9
249.8
169.6
113.4
74.9
45.8

1,147.7
66.9
38.4
183.9
253.6
174.4
115.9
76.3
46.8

1,167.7
68.4
39.4
187.3
257.7
177.6
117.2
77.5
47.5

716.6
45.9
19.1
92.0
116.0
127.0
77.1
45.2
24.5

735.5
47.0
19.8
93.4
121.3
129.4
79.1
45.8
25.4

735.7
46.7
19.9
93.8
121.3
129.9
78.7
45.6
24.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

58.2
.9
1.6
24.4
16.4

55.7
.9
1.7
24.1
17.6

55.6
.9
1.8
24.0
17.5

256.5
5.2
6.1
102.1
78.2

263.3
5.4
6.2
106.6
81.8

262.6
5.4
6.1
107.8
81.8

259.9
3.7
11.7
99.1
37.1

261.2
3.9
12.3
104.4
37.2

259.1
3.9
12.0
103.7
37.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

74.7
5.4
49.2
5.2

75.6
5.8
49.9
5.4

75.6
5.8
50.1
5.3

278.7
26.7
154.3
21.9

287.9
28.8
159.4
22.4

290.4
23.0
160.6
22.7

218.6
23.7
82.5
31.5

224.7
24.9
85.8
32.2

228.0
25.3
86.9
32.1

294.5
14.3
1.9
1.7
5.5
19.5
4.5
7.3
160.0
70.1
52.8

295.8
14.4
1.9
1.6
5.5
21.3
4.4
7.3
158.9
69.3
55.0

295.8
14.4
1.9
1.6
5.6
21.4
4.4
7.3
158.8
69.1
55.1

1,377.6
70.0
11.4
11.4
28.1
66.7
20.3
39.8
651.0
259.8
291.4

1,398.8
70.9
11.7
11.6
29.2
68.0
21.2
40.5
659.5
263.6
299.2

1,409.4
71.9
11.9
11.9
29.2
68.8
20.8
41.2
661.2
261.6
302.3

709.5
30.9
7.3
8.0
14.3
66.8
12.8
16.6
306.0
141.9
107.7

720.4
32.2
7.3
8.0
14.5
68.3
12.9
17.0
309.1
143.3
111.0

724.6
32.2
7.5
8.1
14.3
68.2
13.0
17.0
309.2
142.9
111.2

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque.
Las Cruces...
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

72




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
(./onstructior i

Mining

Total
State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

(1)

(1)

(1)

Apr.
1989

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

153.3
304.2
43.4
59.4
51.6
179.7

155.1
306.2
43.2
60.7
52.0
180.1

156.1
308.6
43.5
61.8
52.5
181.4

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

460.8
131.2
325.3

455.5
132.4
328.8

457.5
132.4
329.4

1,493.4
197.8
241.2
329.2

1,534.0
202.5
240.2
338.1

1,544.7
204.9
241.8
339.3

271.3
35.2
69.5

272.9
36.2
71.3

277.3
36.7
71.8

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,139.3
195.4
167.4
262.8
460.9
495.9

2,164.7
196.3
170.4
261.5
463.5
494.6

2,173.7
197.1
171.8
263.2
466.7
495.3

()
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland

6,791.0
48.9
76.9
363.2
134.6
62.4
73.4
52.8
126.6
1,341.9
200.9
560.4
75.5
1,488.5
72.3
41.3
66.7
94.5
98.1
44.7
42.6
37.4
515.5
36.9
45.9
61.6
27.4
80.4
50.5

6,892.5
48.8
75.6
368.3
137.3
63.6
76.4
54.2
129.4
1,354.4
207.1
572.6
74.5
1,532.4
74.1
43.6
69.0
96.2
98.9
44.4
42.7
36.2
515.4
36.8
47.1
61.8
28.0
82.2
50.6

6,918.5
48.6
77.3
368.7
138.1
64.2
76.2
54.4
130.0
1,358.0
206.5
574.6
75.3
1,536.9
74.6
43.7
68.9
96.3
99.6
44.8
42.4
36.0
517.4
37.0
47.0
62.1
28.4
82.6
50.4

173.9
1.5
1.3
.6
1.4
2.1
(1)
.5
3.5
17.7
(1)
4.0
.5
65.1
1
()
1.6
3.4
.3
.9
8.8
5.0
.5
2.2
(1)
.1
1.6
1.3
(1)
1.5

175.2
1.4
1.1
.6
1.6
2.0
(1)
.5
3.4
17.3
(1)
4.0
.5
67.4
1
()
1.6
3.4
.3
.9
8.5
5.1
.6
2.2
(1)
.1
1.7
1.3
(1)
1.4

175.2
1.4
1.1
.6
1.6
2.0
(1)
.5
3.5
17.2
(1)
3.9
.6
67.8
1
()
1.6
3.4
.3
.9
8.6
5.0
.6
2.1
(1)
.1
1.7
1.3
(1)
1.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

.5

.4

.4

7.1
14.0
1.3
2.7
2.4
10.3

.1
.2
.1

.1
.2
.1

.1
.2
.1

20.0
5.2
14.6

17.8
4.5
14.1

18.7
4.7
14.7

1.8

89.0
13.0
14.7
22.3

100.0
14.7
14.6
23.2

100.5
14.9
14.7
23.3

2.7
.3

9.0
1.7
2.8

8.1
1.6
2.6

9.4
1.7
3.1

6.4
.7

94.5
7.5
7.4
14.5
19.1
24.2

94.3
7.9
7.7
14.7
19.1
23.9

97.4
8.0
8.0
14.4
19.2
24.7

314.2
1.6
3.4
11.3
9.7
8.6
2.0
1.8
8.2
46.7
7.9
21.1
7.3
93.1
3.3
1.2
3.1
2.9
4.2
1.4
2.0
1.3
22.1
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.5
3.1
1.8

313.8
1.4
3.1
10.7
10.2
8.7
2.1
1.6
10.5
43.6
8.3
20.7
6.5
98.3
3.2
1.2
3.6
2.9
4.4
1.4
2.0
1.1
20.1
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.7
2.8
1.5

316.5
1.4
3.3
10.9
10.2
9.2
2.1
1.5
10.8
44.5
8.4
20.9
6.7
98.7
3.2
1.2
3.5
2.9
4.4
1.3
1.9
1.1
20.3
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.9
1.5

0.6
1

()
.4

O

(1)
(1)

()

()

1.8

1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.6
.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.6
.3

1

1

1

()

()
6.4
.7
1

.3

.3

1

1

0.6

0.6

()
6.3
.7

1

O

()
1.8

1.9

1.9

7.1
13.0
1.3
2.9
2.4
10.5

7.2
14.1
1.4
3.4
2.6
11.0

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Apr.
1989
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

47.6
71.8
11.6
8.2
16.2
61.2

46.8
70.5
11.3
8.3
15.8
58.9

47.1
70.9
11.3
8.2
15.8
58.6

6.6
16.0
2.0
1.6
1.7
7.6

6.7
16.3
1.9
1.6
1.8
7.3

6.7
16.4
1.9
1.6
1.9
7.4

33.8
71.6
10.4
11.3
11.3
43.1

34.5
72.5
10.5
11.6
11.8
44.6

34.6
73.1
10.5
11.6
11.8
44.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

108.9
49.3
69.7

106.4
49.0
69.1

105.1
48.5
68.2

15.4
3.8
11.8

15.1
3.9
11.4

15.3
3.9
11.6

105.9
32.7
71.6

105.7
34.6
72.7

106.2
34.5
72.8

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

389.3
20.9
29.1
103.9

388.7
20.8
28.9
101.8

389.4
20.9
28.7
101.8

62.8
10.0
10.8
12.9

64.4
10.4
10.9
13.3

64.4
10.3
11.0
13.3

334.1
48.9
53.7
76.1

341.0
50.5
53.8
78.8

345.7
51.9
54.3
79.3

31.6
3.5
8.5

31.6
3.8
8.4

31.9
3.8
8.5

13.6
2.0
5.2

13.1
1.9
5.2

13.3
2.0
5.2

71.6
10.2
19.4

71.4
10.3
19.9

73.7
10.6
19.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

522.5
47.6
53.4
52.2
61.8
90.2

522.9
46.9
54.2
50.6
61.6
90.2

522.2
47.1
54.2
49.8
61.9
90.1

114.7
8.1
6.2
10.9
46.9
27.0

114.1
7.8
6.2
10.4
46.8
26.8

114.6
7,9
62
106
46 7
26 8

500.3
47.1
38.3
67.6
123.6
121.2

503.1
45.2
38.2
66.6
124.7
116.7

506.7
45.4
38.6
67.6
125.6
116.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

966.8
4.8
9.1
43.3
24.4
15.9
10.5
3.5
11.7
223.8
40.4
119.4
8.7
160.7
8.5
1.7
16.0
7.3
13.0
2.3
4.1
5.5
48.4
10.8
7.1
10.9
3.4
15.2
8.5

964.0
5.0
9.1
45.2
24.9
16.1
11.0
3.7
11.7
220.9
40.1
121.0
9.0
162.9
8.7
1.8
16.5
7.3
12.2
2.3
4.1
5.1
47.4
10.8
7.1
10.7
3.0
16.2
8.3

963.4
5.0
9.0
45.2
24.8
16.3
10.8
3.7
11.7
220.9
39.7
121.5
9.0
162.8
8.8
1.8
16.4
7.2
12.4
2.3
4.1
5.1
47.6
10.8
7.1
10.8
3.1
16.1
8.2

397.4
2.6
5.5
11.0
9.6
2.5
3.1
1.3
6.7
76.8
10.5
50.6
4.6
104.8
2.6
5.5
3.3
5.0
3.1
2.3
1.9
2.9
19.4
1.7
2.3
2.5
1.3
3.4
2.6

408.6
2.6
5.5
11.3
9.5
2.6
3.2
1.4
6.7
79.9
10.4
54.7
4.9
106.6
2.6
6.2
3.4
5.8
2.9
2.3
1.9
2.6
19.7
1.4
2.4
2.8
1.2
3.5
2.6

4133
26
56
11 2
99
25
33
14
67
80 2
105
550
49
106 3
27
61
34
58
29
23
19
26
196
14
23
28
13
35
26

1,674.6
13.1
22.3
77.6
32.0
11.3
19.8
11.8
31.7
342.9
49.9
143.5
14.0
363.1
16.4
12.9
16.8
27.3
30.9
10.7
12.5
9.2
130.3
7.9
10.6
16.3
7.4
18.3
11.5

1,681.4
13.1
21.1
77.3
32.2
11.6
20.5
11.5
31.7
353.3
51.9
144.0
13.8
366.0
16.4
13.9
16.9
27.4
30.9
10.8
12.5
8.8
129.4
7.9
10.7
16.2
7.5
18.5
11.8

1,689.7
13.0
21.7
77.5
32.4
11.6
20.5
12.0
32.2
353.9
51.8
144.5
14.1
367.2
16.5
14.0
16.9
27.4
31.4
11.0
12.5
8.8
130.2
8.0
10.8
16.3
7.6
18.8
11.8

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

74




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990"

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

8.6
12.9
1.3
1.8
2.4
5.0

8.9
13.3
1.4
1.8
2.4
5.1

8.7
13.3
1.4
1.9
2.4
5.1

31.8
75.0
11.7
10.3
10.4
33.1

32.5
77.0
11.7
10.8
10.7
34.2

32.9
76.8
11.9
10.9
10.7
34.7

17.8
42.3
5.1
23.1
7.2
18.9

18.6
43.0
5.1
23.4
7.1
19.1

18.9
43.4
5.1
23.9
7.3
19.3

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

26.7
3.8
21.9

26.7
4.0
21.7

26.8
4.0
21.7

124.3
26.0
91.4

124.4
26.1
94.3

125.8
26.5
94.9

59.5
10.2
44.2

59.3
10.1
45.4

59.5
10.1
45.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

67.5
8.6
18.4
12.1

69.9
8.6
18.2
12.3

70.9
8.8
18.4
12.3

274.9
42.5
47.6
60.8

282.8
43.4
46.9
65.6

286.0
44.3
47.4
66.2

274.0
53.9
66.9
41.1

285.4
54.1
66.9
43.1

286.0
53.8
67.3
43.1

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

15.1
1.6
7.0

16.2
1.6
7.7

16.2
1.5
7.6

65.8
9.1
18.8

66.8
9.3
19.5

67.2
9.4
19.5

61.8
7.1
7.7

63.1
7.4
8.0

62.9
7.4
8.2

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

103.3
12.5
5.4
10.0
25.7
32.6

103.2
13.0
5.3
9.7
26.2
32.3

103.1
13.1
5.3
9.8
26.2
32.1

461.1
38.4
32.0
55.4
107.3
130.8

473.5
40.6
32.4
56.1
109.0
134.5

476.6
40.7
33.1
57.4
110.1
134.9

336.5
33.4
24.8
50.3
76.5
69.9

347.2
34.2
26.4
51.5
76.1
70.2

346.7
34.2
26.4
51.7
77.0
70.0

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

431.6
2.3
4.2
23.5
5.3
1.8
3.7
1.7
6.4
129.1
8.6
27.8
4.6
100.9
2.9
1.7
2.7
5.2
4.0
2.4
1.6
1.7
40.4
1.9
1.8
3.4
1.6
5.0
2.3

432.2
2.2
3.9
23.7
5.3
1.8
3.9
1.8
6.4
129.3
8.3
27.5
4.4
101.7
3.2
1.9
2.7
5.4
4.2
2.4
1.5
1.6
41.4
1.9
1.8
3.5
1.5
5.1
2.4

432.2
2.2
3.9
23.7
5.3
1.8
3.8
1.7
6.3
129.7
8.3
27.8
4.4
101.4
3.2
1.9
2.7
5.4
4.3
2.4
1.5
1.6
41.2
1.9
1.8
3.5
1.5
5.1
2.4

1,602.3
13.9
16.8
89.6
31.2
8.7
17.1
9.2
30.0
347.3
41.4
122.8
13.7
405.4
16.9
7.0
12.5
24.1
16.2
9.8
7.6
9.1
132.2
8.5
10.0
14.9
6.0
22.3
12.4

1,649.7
14.2
17.3
91.8
32.3
9.0
18.1
9.3
30.5
347.9
42.8
126.2
13.7
426.0
17.3
7.3
13.6
23.7
16.7
9.4
7.6
8.8
133.4
8.8
10.7
15.2
5.8
22.8
12.7

1,653.9
14.1
17.3
91.8
32.6
9.1
18.1
9.1
30.4
349.1
42.8
126.6
13.9
428.1
17.5
7.3
13.7
23.9
16.7
9.6
7.6
8.6
134.4
8.9
10.7
15.3
5.9
22.9
12.7

1,230.2
9.1
14.3
106.3
21.0
11.5
17.2
23.0
28.4
157.6
42.2
71.2
22.1
195.4
21.7
9.7
8.9
22.4
25.8
7.0
7.9
7.2
120.5
4.5
12.4
10.3
4.9
13.1
9.9

1,267.6
8.9
14.5
107.7
21.3
11.8
17.6
24.4
28.5
162.2
45.3
74.5
21.7
203.5
22.7
9.7
8.9
23.4
26.7
7.3
8.0
7.6
121.8
4.3
12.9
10.1
6.0
13.3
9.9

1,274.3
8.9
15.4
107.8
21.3
11.7
17.6
24.5
28.4
162.5
45.0
74.4
21.7
204.6
22.7
9.8
8.9
23.4
26.6
7.3
7.9
7.6
122.0
4.4
12.7
10.0
5.9
13.3
9.8

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Constructior

Mining

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

682.6
86.1
468.4

708.2
91.0
483.4

715.5
91.7
488.6

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

257.2
34.2
80.5

260.0
34.7
81.0

254.5
33.9
81.1

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,837.6
33.2
70.8
41.8
76.4
574.7
766.3
465.9
125.2

2,897.6
33.8
78.0
42.5
77.3
585.7
779.1
473.1
126.1

Washington
Seattle

2,010.8
1,034.5

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990P

8.4

7.8
(1)

(1)

2.7

2.5
.5

Apr.
1989

8.6

0)

.5

2.7

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

24.8
2.7
17.3

23.8
2.4
17.7

25.5
2.6
18.7

.5

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

16.7
2.3
5.1

15.2
2.5
4.6

15.5
2.5
4.7

2,918.7
33.2
78.5
42.4
77.7
591.0
782.2
475.2
126.7

14.3
(1)
1
()
(1)

15.9
(1)
1
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
.6
.8
1
()

16.2
(1)
1
()

194.3
1.1
4.2
2.1
3.6
36.1
63.1
30.2
7.8

189.9
1.0
4.2
2.1
3.4
36.7
55.7
30.2
7.2

194.6
1.0
4.3
2.2
3.5
36.9
56.4
29.9
7.5

2,096.9
1,084.6

2,119.2
1,090.6

3.5
.6

3.7
.6

3.7
.6

100.9
53.0

109.1
55.7

113.0
56.9

611.5
107.4
107.9
60.0
59.6

618.5
110.7
110.0
61.7
61.2

622.5
111.1
111.3
61.7
61.0

34.6
1.9
1.4
.5
2.3

35.4
2.0
1.5
.5
2.5

35.7
2.0
1.5
.5
2.5

23.2
4.2
4.4
2.8
2.2

21.7
4.6
5.6
3.3
1.9

22.8
4.9
5.6
3.3
1.9

2,208.8
154.4
60.2
99.4
58.1
39.3
53.6
211.1
738.0
75.7
51.1
51.5

2,227.2
156.5
59.3
101.8
58.9
39.5
53.4
214.2
755.4
77.1
51.7
53.5

2,256.8
158.6
62.1
103.1
59.6
39.8
53.9
217.3
760.3
77.4
52.1
53.9

2.1

73.4
6.4
1.6
3.9
1.6
1.4
1.7
7.5
24.7
2.2
1.7
1.9

74.3
6.2
1.7
4.5
2.1
1.3
1.7
7.2
26.2
2.5
1.4
2.0

79.3
6.8
1.9
4.9
2.1
1.3
1.8
7.8
27.0
2.6
1.5
1.9

Wyoming
Casper

188.8
27.4

186.7
27.4

189.9
27.8

16.6
2.2

9.7
1.6

8.4
1.4

9.4
1.6

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez

831.2
52.8
59.8
54.9
512.0

840.1
52.5
59.4
58.0
516.8

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

44.2
1.5
2.6
4.2
31.4

44.0
1.3
2.4
4.2
32.1

(1)

2.5

2.5

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

76




43.0

41.3

41.1

01
()

.5
.8

1

()

2.2

16.2
2.2

.9
(1)
(1)
(1)

.9
(1)
(1)
(1)

.5
1

()

()

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0)
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()

16.6
2.1

.5
1

()

.5
.8

1

1.7
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

01
(1)
()

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
IDublic utilities>

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

100.8
13.2
65.3

103.6
13.5
66.9

104.5
13.0
67.2

40.3
2.8
30.7

41.9
2.7
31.8

42.2
2.8
32.0

161.3
18.7
116.1

170.5
20.4
120.1

171.7
21.1
121.3

48.5
4.7
16.6

45.7
4.9
15.4

45.1
4.8
15.2

10.8
.8
3.4

10.5
.9
3.5

10.8
.9
3.7

60.7
7.6
20.0

60.8
7.4
19.5

59.8
7.4
19.9

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

427.4
10.8
9.1
16.6
23.8
68.5
35.2
64.5
19.6

423.0
11.0
9.1
16.4
23.7
66.7
35.1
63.1
19.8

421.5
10.5
9.1
16.1
23.6
67.2
35.2
62.7
19.8

146.9
1.3
2.6
1.0
2.9
26.7
52.3
24.1
8.0

153.5
1.3
2.7
1.1
2.8
27.5
54.9
24.4
7.8

152.8
1.2
2.7
1.1
2.8
26.8
54.7
24.2
7.8

644.5
8.5
14.3
9.0
17.1
140.7
169.6
110.0
33.8

652.9
8.8
14.9
9.1
17.0
141.6
175.2
110.9
33.7

659.1
8.8
15.2
9.3
17.4
144.4
175.7
111.1
34.0

Washington
Seattle

353.6
210.4

362.5
220.0

363.4
218.5

105.3
64.0

109.8
68.3

110.1
68.5

488.9
249.1

508.6
259.1

516.3
261.2

87.3
10.7
20.2
14.0
7.2

87.5
11.1
20.5
14.2
7.3

87.7
11.0
20.4
14.2
7.5

36.5
8.9
8.2
2.5
3.3

36.5
9.0
7.1
2.6
3.5

36.6
9.1
8.2
2.6
3.5

142.9
28.1
26.8
14.8
16.1

142.8
28.8
27.4
15.0
16.9

144.6
28.7
27.5
15.0
16.7

550.2
53.3
11.5
23.9
18.5
10.2
10.3
24.6
173.9
26.5
21.5
14.3

548.6
53.8
9.6
23.9
17.6
9.6
10.0
25.0
174.3
26.3
21.8
15.0

552.2
53.9
10.9
23.9
17.7
9.6
10.1
25.2
173.8
26.4
21.9
15.0

99.0
5.2
3.4
7.2
2.4
1.2
2.3
6.9
35.8
2.3
1.5
2.9

98.4
5.5
3.4
7.1
2.3
1.7
2.4
6.8
36.0
2.2
1.6
3.0

99.0
5.5
3.6
7.3
2.3
1.7
2.4
6.7
36.3
2.2
1.6
3.0

519.4
33.1
16.5
25.7
13.7
9.9
14.6
47.5
168.6
17.3
9.4
12.9

526.1
34.0
16.9
26.2
13.4
10.1
14.3
49.0
174.5
18.1
9.5
13.5

534.7
34.7
17.2
26.4
13.7
10.4
14.2
49.4
175.5
18.1
9.6
13.8

8.3
1.5

8.4
1.6

8.5
1.6

14.2
1.6

14.0
1.7

14.2
1.7

42.5
7.7

42.6
7.8

43.2
7.8

158.7
15.4
21.6
10.4
66.4

159.3
15.1
20.3
10.7
67.6

19.1
.4
.4
2.0
14.7

19.5
.4
.5
2.0
14.4

149.8
10.8
8.0
8.8
103.2

154.0
11.2
8.4
8.8
105.0

2.4

2.2

2.5

2.1

10.3

10.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
10.3

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden..

33.2
2.3
27.1

33.8
2.2

27.1

33.7
2.3
27.3

165.2
32.2
111.7

175.6
35.1
118.0

177.9
35.2
119.1

149.2
14.2
97.7

150.6
14.7
99.1

151.4
14.7
100.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier...
Burlington

12.7
3.1
3.9

12.9
3.1
4.1

13.0
3.1
4.1

63.7
7.9
19.0

69.1

64.5
7.7
20.6

43.6
7.8
12.5

45.3
7.8
13.0

45.3
7.5
12.9

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

150.4

155.1

696.0
5.0
13.4
6.4
15.8
144.0
250.6

719.6

588.6
5.4
28.6
5.7

589.2
5.3

39.7
9.0

102.5

31.3

105.8
32.6

730.2
5.2
14.1
6.8
16.8
151.4
256.1
107.9
32.6

563.8
5.3

9.1

154.2
1.2
4.6
1.3
3.7
27.0
51.9
39.7
8.9

9.9
137.3
150.6
98.2
16.1

9.9
137.1
151.8
98.9
16.0

Washington .
Seattle

110.2
69.8

115.6
72.7

115.8
72.8

467.5
247.9

492.1
261.7

496.6
264.4

380.9
139.7

395.5
146.5

400.3
147.7

23.9
6.2
3.8
2.1
2.9

24.2
6.3
3.9
2.2
3.0

24.3
6.3
3.9
2.2
3.1

136.5
27.0
23.8
13.7
16.3

142.1
28.3
24.5
14.3
16.6

143.2
28.6
24.7
14.4
16.7

126.6
20.4

128.3
20.6
19.5
9.6
9.5

127.6
20.5

116.9
7.4
1.9
3.7
1.6
1.3
1.6
18.5
49.9
2.3
2.6
3.5

118.8
7.5
1.9
4.2
1.6
1.3
1.7
18.7
50.9
2.4
2.6
3.4

119.7
7.5
1.9
4.2
1.6
1.2
1.7
18.9
51.2
2.4
2.6
3.4

504.6
31.2
14.0
23.7
13.2

512.9
31.6
14.6
24.5
13.8
9.2
15.5
48.1
206.7

343.1

346.3
18.0

351.9

9.5

17.0
9.4
10.3

518.0
31.9
15.1
24.9
14.0
9.0
15.7
48.3
208.7
17.2

7.3
1.5

7.1
1.4

7.1
1.4

34.3
6.2

34.2
6.2

Puerto Rico ..
Caguas
Mayaguez....
Ponce
San Juan

36.7
1.4
1.3
2.0

36.1
1.3
1.3
1.8

134.4
6.7
7.5

29.3

29.3

128.3
6.8
6.9
10.3
92.4

Virgin Islands.

2.0

1.9

9.9

8.7

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland...
Parkersburg-Marietta.
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming..
Casper...

1

1.2
4.3

1.3
3.7
25.9
50.7
38.5

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.

2

78




1.2
4.6
1.3
3.7
27.2
51.8

1.9

8.8
15.2
47.2

199.9
16.9
9.1

8.1
20.9

5.1
13.9
6.8
16.8

148.9
255.1

22.9
5.4
9.5
132.8
144.3
95.3
15.6

19.3
9.6
9.3
17.7

11.3

10.4

11.2
11.2
7.1
6.5
8.0
58.7
84.8
8.2
5.3
6.5

7.9
59.2
86.5
8.4
5.4
6.5

34.9
6.4

55.9
5.2

55.8
5.1

293.5
16.5
18.9
17.3
174.2

291.9
16.5
19.0
19.3
173.1

13.4

13.6

9.6

11.1
94.8
8.7

11.4
8.1
6.4

28.5
5.6

19.5
9.5
9.1
18.1
11.5
11.5
8.2
6.5
8.0

60.9
87.5
8.5
5.3
6.5
56.0
5.1

13.3

All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1989 benchmarks, and industry
detail are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.7

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36
335.20

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
42.8

Construction
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181 54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195 45
211.67
221 19
235 89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342 99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75
13.14

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33
562.39

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01
13.37

367 78
399.26
426.82
442 97
458.51
464.46
466 75
480.44
493.08
506.72

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

_

.

fMonthly data , not seasonally adjusteci
1989:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1990:
January
February
March
April p ..
Mayp

34.5
34.8
35.1
34.9
34.7
34.8
34.5
34.7

$9.59
9.58
9.63
9.61
9.77
9.81
9.81
9.84

$330.86
333.38
338.01
335.39
339.02
341.39
338.45
341.45

42.0
42.6
42.5
43.2
43.7
43.9
43.6
43.7

$13.13
13.03
12.95
13.11
13.15
13.10
13.13
13.31

$551.46
555.08
550.38
566.35
574.66
575.09
572.47
581.65

37.7
38.0
38.9
39.0
38.6
39.2
38.1
37.0

$13.28
13.24
13.33
13.33
13.48
13 52
13 51
13.64

$500.66
503.12
518.54
519.87
520.33
529 98
514 73
504 68

34.2
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.5

9.88
9.91
9.93
9.96
9.98

337.90
339.91
341.59
343.62
344.31

43.6
43.2
43.0
43.3
43.4

13.31
13.30
13.42
13.52
13.49

580.32
574.56
577.06
585.42
585.47

37.6
37.2
37.9
37.3
38.2

13.42
13.42
13.47
13.38
13.51

504.59
499.22
510.51
499 07
516.08

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18
10.47

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72
10.01

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40
429.27

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4 39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170 33
183.05
194.66
209 13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3
39.4

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18
495.26

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8 89
9.16
9.35
9.60
9.94
10.38

267.96
291.06
309 85
329.18
342 27
351 74
358 11
365 76
378.71
395.48

Annual averages

.

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1989:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December...
1990:
January
February
March
Aprilp
Mayp

40.9
41.1
40.5
40.8
41.2
40.9
41.1
41.3

$10.42
10.44
10.47
10.44
10.55
10.52
10.58
10.67

$9.98
9.98
10.02
9.97
10.05
10.04
10.10
10.19

$426.18
429.08
424.04
425.95
434.66
430.27
434.84
440.67

39.3
39.6
39.8
39.4
39.4
39.4
39.1
39.3

$12.49
12.48
12.58
12.56
12.70
12.69
12.67
12.76

$490.86
494.21
500.68
494.86
500.38
499.99
495.40
501.47

37.9
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.2

$10.28
10.31
10.40
10.35
10.47
10.50
10.55
10.62

$389.61
392.81
398 32
394.34
398.91
402 15
401.96
405.68

40.6
40.4
40.7
39.8
40.9

10.59
10.66
10.73
10.74
10.82

10.15
10.24
10.28
10.36
10.34

429.95
430.66
436.71
427.45
442.54

38.8
39.0
39.1
39.1
39.3

12.80
12.85
12.82
12.93
12.88

496.64
501.15
501.26
505.56
506.18

37.8
37.8
37.9
38.1
38.0

10.61
10.66
10.65
10.76
10.70

401.06
402.95
403.64
409.96
406.60

See footnotes at end of table.

80




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.54

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
189.01

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.9

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83 97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3 47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96 66
103 06
110.85
117 29
126.00
134 67
143.52
153 45
163 67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09
9.57

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33
343.56

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8 18
8.49
8 91
9.39

190 71
208.97
225 59
239 04
247.43
256.75
265 85
275 93
290 47
306.11

Annual averages

..

. .

IMonthly data, not seasonally adjustecj

1989:
May
JunG
July
August
September
October
November
December
1990:
Januarv
February
March
ApriP
Mayp

28.8
29.2
29.9
29.6
28.9
28.9
28.6
29.2

$6.49
6.49
6.49
6.50
6.61
6.62
6.64
6.66

$186.91
189.51
194.05
192.40
191.03
191.32
189.90
194.47

35.6
35.8
36.3
35.8
35.7
36.1
35.7
35.7

$9.48
9.48
9.59
9.50
9.62
9.71
9.69
9.76

$337.49
339.38
348.12
340.10
343.43
350.53
345.93
348.43

32.4
32.7
33.1
32.9
32.6
32.8
32.6
32.5

$9.30
9.26
9.33
9.29
9.49
9.59
9.61
9 69

$301.32
302.80
308.82
305.64
309.37
314.55
313.29
314 93

28.1
28.3
28.5
29.0
28.8

6.74
6.73
6.76
6.78
6.77

189.39
190.46
192.66
196.62
194.98

35.7
35.8
35.7
36.2
35.6

9.82
9.90
9.87
9.98
9.92

350.57
354.42
352.36
361.28
353.15

32.4
32.5
32.5
32.7
32.4

9.73
9.75
9 75
9.81
9.76

315.25
316.88
316 88
320 79
316.22

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1988 forward are subject to revision.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining .

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990 p

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.5

42.8

42.0

43.0

43.3

43.4

10
101
102

42.6
43.8
44.2

42.2
42.6
44.3

42.0
42.8
43.8

43.2
42.6
47.7

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

11,12
12

43.2
43.3

42.5
42.5

44.0
44.1

43.5
43.6

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

41.7
42.7
41.0

40.6
41.0
40.3

42.5
41.7
43.0

42.8
42.1
43.1

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

45.9
47.5

45.7
47.2

44.2
44.7

45.0
45.5

37.9

37.7

37.9

37.3

Construction .

May
1990p

34.8

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

14
142

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

38.2

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

37.5
36.5
38.3
38.5

37.1
36.2
37.9
38.1

37.6
36.9
38.3
38.3

37.0
36.7
37.8
37.4

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

41.4
41.2
41.5

41.3
41.7
41.1

41.8
40.7
42.1

41.1
41.5
40.9

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.1
38.5
36.0
38.6
35.2
34.7
34.2

36.9
38.7
35.7
38.8
34.6
34.7
32.7

36.9
38.3
35.9
39.1
34.8
35.3
33.2

36.4
37.3
34.7
37.9
34.4
34.5
33.3

41.0

40.9

40.7

39.8

40.9

3.8

3.6

3.6

2.9

3.8

41.7

41.5

41.4

40.3

41.6

3.9

3.8

3.7

2.8

4.0

Manufacturing .
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.5
41.8
41.6
42.0
40.0
40.2
39.4
39.5
40.5
44.1
38.8
37.7
37.6
39.9

40.1
40.9
41.6
42.0
40.3
39.5
38.6
38.9
40.2
42.4
38.9
38.1
38.2
39.6

40.1
40.1
41.1
41.5
39.7
40.1
39.3
39.9
41.1
42.6
39.4
37.4
37.2
40.0

40.1
41.2
41.2
41.8
38.7
39.9
38.9
39.4
40.5
43.8
38.6
37.7
37.8
39.1

40.6

3.6
5.2
4.2
4.5
3.2
3.3
2.3
3.2
3.6
6.0
3.5
2.0
1.9
3.0

3.5
5.2
4.2
4.5
3.1
3.0
2.1
2.9
3.4
4.9
3.5
1.9
1.8
2.7

3.5
5.1
4.2
4.6
2.9
3.0
2.2
3.1
3.8
4.9
3.4
1.6
1.5
3.0

3.4
5.5
4.2
4.5
2.6
2.8
1.9
2.7
3.3
5.2
3.0
1.4
1.5
2.5

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.3
38.9
39.8
37.5
40.7
38.5
39.7
39.6
40.7
38.6

39.0
38.7
39.5
37.1
40.2
38.7
39.1
39.3
40.7
38.2

39.0
38.8
39.4
37.4
41.1
39.3
38.7
40.0
39.9
39.2

38.1
37.8
38.3
36.6
38.4
39.3
37.8
38.8
39.4
37.8

38.9

2.4
2.2
2.5
1.6
3.3
2.1
2.4
3.7
3.2
2.0

2.3
2.1
2.6
1.4
2.5
2.5
2.0
3.5
3.1
2.0

2.4
2.4
2.5
1.8
3.8
3.0
1.9
3.1
2.4
2.3

1.8
1.8
2.0
1.4
1.9
2.5
1.8
2.2
2.1
1.5

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.6
44.8
42.3

42.4
44.7
42.1

41.6
43.3
41.4

41.8
45.1
42.3

42.4

5.1
6.6
4.6

5.0
6.0
4.6

4.6
5.8
4.5

4.5
5.4
5.2

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
See footnotes at end of table.

82



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

$9.62

$9.59

$9.93

$9.96

$9.98 $334.78 $330.86 $341.59 $343.62 $344.31

13.19

13.13

13.42

13.52

13.49 564.53

551.46

577.06

585.42

585.47

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

13.68
14.18
11.56

13.60
13.78
11.51

13.85
13.86
12.33

14.06
15.20
12.03

582.77
621.08
510.95

573.92
587.03
509.89

581.70
593.21
540.05

607.39
647.52
573.83

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

16.17
16.23

16.16
16.22

16.46
16.52

16.54
16.61

698.54
702.76

686.80
689.35

724.24
728.53

719.49
724.20

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

13
131,2
138

12.45
15.11
10.78

12.37
15.09
10.73

12.60
15.99
10.86

12.74
16.22
10.98

519.17
645.20
441.98

502.22
618.69
432.42

535.50
666.78
466.98

545.27
682.86
473.24

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

11.15
10.64

11.16
10.68

11.42
10.84

11.50
10.90

511.79
505.40

510.01
504.10

504.76
484.55

517.50
495.95

13.30

13.28

13.47

13.38

13.51 504.07

500.66

510.51

499.07

15
152
153
154

12.54
11.95
11.85
13.22

12.51
11.90
11.85
13.22

12.78
12.24
12.74
13.37

12.73
12.13
12.51
13.40

470.25
436.18
453.86
508.97

464.12
430.78
449.12
503.68

480.53
451.66
487.94
512.07

471.01
445.17
472.88
501.16

16
161
162

12.87
12.36
13.08

12.95
12.52
13.15

12.90
12.37
13.08

12.92
12.56
13.06

532.82
509.23
542.82

534.84
522.08
540.47

539.22
503.46
550.67

531.01
521.24
534.15

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

13.73
14.21
12.84
14.70
13.90
13.14
12.06

13.70
14.20
12.93
14.66
13.94
13.11
11.98

13.93
14.33
13.11
14.90
14.20
13.16
12.20

13.80
14.26
12.89
14.63
14.24
13.31
12.15

509.38
547.09
462.24
567.42
489.28
455.96
412.45

505.53
549.54
461.60
568.81
482.32
454.92
391.75

514.02
548.84
470.65
582.59
494.16
464.55
405.04

502.32
531.90
447.28
554.48
489.86
459.20
404.60

10.41

10.42

10.73

10.74

10.82 426.81

426.18

436.71

427.45

442.54

10.93

10.94

11.24

11.22

11.33 455.78

454.01

465.34

452.17

471.33

8.79
11.14
8.95
9.27
7.33
8.72
8.92
8.14
7.28
10.13
6.51
8.30
8.31
7.61

9.07
11.19
9.24
9.59
7.51
9.10
9.40
8.55
7.58
10.33
6.64
8.53
8.64
7.90

9.11
11.34
9.26
9.61
7.50
9.14
9.47
8.50
7.62
10.47
6.62
8.48
8.57
7.95

9.17 354.78
459.38
373.57
391.44
292.00
350.95
349.87
322.32
294.84
451.58
252.59
310.27
312.83
302.84

352.48
455.63
372.32
389.34
295.40
344.44
344.31
316.65
292.66
429.51
253.24
316.23
317.44
301.36

363.71
448.72
379.76
397.99
298.15
364.91
369.42
341.15
311.54
440.06
261.62
319.02
321.41
316.00

365.31
467.21
381.51
401.70
290.25
364.69
368.38
334.90
308.61
458.59
255.53
319.70
323.95
310.85

372.30

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

516.08

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.76
10.99
8.98
9.32
7.30
8.73
8.88
8.16
7.28
10.24
6.51
8.23
8.32
7.59

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

8.12
7.48
7.02
8.23
7.35
7.81
9.10
8.82
9.65
8.41

8.16
7.53
7.08
8.23
7.57
7.87
9.18
8.78
9.62
8.45

8.41
7.83
7.30
8.59
7.86
8.27
9.32
8.94
9.75
8.65

8.42
7.83
7.30
8.60
7.88
8.15
9.49
8.88
9.71
8.68

8.47 319.12
290.97
279.40
308.63
299.15
300.69
361.27
349.27
392.76
324.63

318.24
291.41
279.66
305.33
304.31
304.57
358.94
345.05
391.53
322.79

327.99
303.80
287.62
321.27
323.05
325.01
360.68
357.60
389.03
339.08

320.80
295.97
279.59
314.76
302.59
320.30
358.72
344.54
382.57
328.10

329.48

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

10.71
15.17
12.03

10.69
15.06
12.05

10.95
15.12
12.14

11.10
15.58
12.62

11.07 456.25
679.62
508.87

453.26
673.18
507.31

455.52
654.70
502.60

463.98
702.66
533.83

469.37

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average overtime hours
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

5.5
3.7
3.1
3.8
3.9
3.3
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.8
4.7
3.9
6.3

5.4
3.6
3.2
3.0
3.7
2.9
6.8
6.7
6.2
7.0
4.5
4.0
5.0

5.3
3.6
2.8
5.3
3.5
2.5
5.9
7.0
5.5
5.4
4.6
3.4
4.1

5.9
4.4
2.3
5.0
3.4
2.2
5.7
6.7
5.0
5.8
3.9
2.7
1.7

Apr.
1990p

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

42.6
41.9
41.5
42.5
41.9
40.9
43.6
44.4
43.5
42.7
42.4
43.3
43.0

42.4
41.7
41.5
41.7
41.4
40.2
43.4
44.0
43.3
42.8
42.2
42.7
42.1

41.8
41.0
40.2
43.1
40.5
39.6
42.0
44.1
42.6
40.3
42.4
42.3
40.5

42.5
42.0
40.2
43.1
40.6
38.9
42.8
43.6
42.0
42.4
41.5
41.2
37.1

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

43.2
43.6
44.0
41.6
42.9
43.1
43.1
42.4
43.4
43.5
43.7
43.0
44.8
42.8
42.0
42.4

43.1
43.6
43.9
41.7
42.8
43.0
41.3
42.4
42.9
43.1
43.5
43.3
45.3
42.7
41.5
42.0

42.7
42.9
42.9
44.2
42.3
42.5
40.5
41.8
43.9
43.6
43.5
43.9
44.4
42.4
40.4
40.5

41.7
43.0
43.3
41.9
40.6
41.1
39.6
40.0
43.9
43.9
41.7
41.7
43.6
40.9
38.6
38.8

43.0
44.0

5.3
5.6
5.8
4.3
5.2
5.5
4.2
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.9
4.8
7.4
5.3
4.1
4.1

5.1
5.6
5.8
4.2
5.0
5.2
3.4
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.7
4.8
7.7
5.1
3.7
3.7

4.9
5.2
5.2
6.3
4.6
4.9
3.4
4.3
4.9
5.1
5.6
5.9
7.5
4.8
3.2
3.1

4.2
5.1
5.4
4.2
3.3
3.7
2.6
2.9
4.8
5.4
4.5
4.6
8.2
3.7
2.0
2.0

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ..
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
,
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

41.7
43.8
44.1
41.0
41.0
40.7
40.8
41.8
39.5
41.0
41.6
40.1
42.2
40.3
40.7
42.8
41.6
44.2
42.9
43.7
44.2
40.6
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.9
41.7
41.2
42.1
39.5

41.5
44.2
44.2
41.0
40.9
40.6
40.4
41.1
39.5
41.1
41.5
40.3
42.3
40.3
40.9
42.4
41.0
44.0
42.4
42.7
43.4
40.6
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.4
40.7
40.9
41.6
39.3

41.6
43.6
43.9
41.2
41.3
40.5
41.5
42.1
39.7
40.9
42.0
39.7
42.2
40.3
38.9
42.3
41.0
43.8
42.4
42.6
43.1
41.4
40.9
40.3
42.1
41.4
40.3
41.7
42.6
40.4

40.1
43.2
43.4
39.9
39.9
39.3
39.2
39.3
37.8
39.8
41.1
38.8
40.5
39.4
38.2
40.8
40.0
41.7
39.8
40.7
39.8
39.8
39.8
39.3
40.8
40.4
39.3
40.0
41.3
38.9

41.9

3.8
5.6
5.5
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.9
2.7
3.6
4.2
2.8
4.1
3.0
4.3
5.0
4.1
6.1
4.7
5.1
5.5
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.5
3.1

3.7
5.7
5.4
2.8
2.6
2.6
3.0
3.4
2.4
3.4
4.0
2.6
3.8
3.0
4.4
4.7
3.7
5.9
4.4
4.6
5.0
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.9
2.8
2.3
3.3
3.3
3.2

3.7
5.1
5.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.3
3.7
1.9
3.5
3.8
2.3
4.6
3.0
3.4
4.5
3.7
5.5
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.7
3.7
3.2
4.7
3.2
2.6
3.7
3.7
3.2

2.6
4.7
4.9
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.7
1.2
2.6
3.1
1.8
3.0
2.4
2.7
3.4
2.8
4.1
2.3
2.8
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.4
3.6
2.5
1.7
2.4
2.3
2.0

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

42.5
43.3
42.9
43.4
42.1
42.8

42.3
43.0
42.1
43.3
41.8
42.3

42.1
43.2
43.5
43.1
42.4
41.8

40.7
41.1
42.4
40.7
40.3
40.2

42.2

4.3
3.7
5.1
3.2
4.4
5.0

4.2
4.0
4.8
3.8
3.9
4.5

4.0
4.4
5.1
4.1
4.7
4.4

2.9
2.4
4.6
1.6
2.7
2.9

See footnotes at end of table.

84




May
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990 p

$12.64 $12.57 $12.72 $13.42
11.35 11.45 11.46 11.74
9.69
9.53
9.29
9.36
13.66 13.50 13.97 14.34
9.58
9.50
9.15
9.14
9.67
9.67
9.54
9.50
10.50 10.49 10.72 10.76
9.89
9.74
9.67
9.66
9.63
9.59
9.48
9.42
11.39 11.29 11.68 11.63
10.67 10.65 10.98 11.05
10.22 10.24 10.41 10.39
11.18 11.20 10.94 10.68

Average weekly earnings
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

$538.46
475.57
388.44
580.55

428.90
409.77
486.35
452.41
442.53

$532.97
477.47
385.54
562.95
378.81
383.51
455.27
425.48
410.48
483.21
449.43
437.25

480.74

382.97
388.55
457.80

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990 p

May
1990p

$531.70 $570.35
469.86 493.08
383.11 389.54
602.11 618.05
384.75 388.95
376.16
460.53

471.52

382.93
450.24
429.53
408.53
470.70
465.55
440.34
443.07

431.20
404.46
493.11
458.58
428.07

396.23

12.26
14.06
14.81
10.83
11.14
11.66
12.15
10.27
13.65
13.96
11.79
11.08
14.00
11.94
9.72
9.92

12.25
14.06
14.81
10.85
11.10
11.64
12.15
10.31
13.57
13.85
11.78
11.06
14.24
11.84
9.72
9.94

12.65
14.54
15.35
11.62
11.49
11.99
12.50
10.90
14.04
14.37
12.07
11.47
14.87
11.91
10.15
10.41

12.83 $12.77 529.63
14.88 14.71 613.02
15.75
651.64
11.53
450.53
11.46
477.91
11.99
502.55
12.15
523.67
10.70
435.45
14.33
592.41
14.77
607.26
12.10
515.22
11.35
476.44
15.46
627.20
11.87
511.03
10.08
408.24
10.34
420.61

527.98
613.02
650.16
452.45
475.08
500.52
501.80
437.14
582.15
596.94
512.43
478.90
645.07
505.57
403.38
417.48

540.16
623.77
658.52
513.60
486.03
509.58
506.25
455.62
616.36
626.53
525.05
503.53
660.23
504.98
410.06
421.61

535.01 $549.11
639.84 647.24
681.98
483.11
465.28
492.79
481.14
428.00
629.09
648.40
504.57
473.30
674.06
485.48
389.09
401.19

10.48
13.74
14.67
10.40
9.58
10.78

10.49
13.75
14.69
10.43
9.56

10.72
14.16
15.05
10.81
9.96
11.20

10.62

9.43
9.07

435.34
607.75
649.30
427.63
391.00
440.51
380.97
372.78
367.35
404.42
433.68
331.67
442.46
409.05
381.19
434.60
394.83
479.60
532.97
566.63
618.02
392.60
351.05
349.40
353.08
479.83
462.76
396.73
437.22
339.55

445.95
617.38
660.70
445.37
411.35
453.60
404.21
399.11
378.74
411.45
432.18
339.04
462.93
415.09
374.22
444.15
407.54
484.87
535.51
556.78
620.21
415.24
363.19
353.03
382.69
489.35
462.64
414.50
454.54
353.90

425.86
617.33
660.55
427.33
393.02
435.44
376.32
367.06
353.43
397.60
419.22
330.19
437.40
405.82
370.16
426.77
394.80
461.62
495.51
522.18
565.96
396.81
352.23
344.27
368.02
484.40
464.13
389.60
427.04
333.76

452.10

9.43

10.79 437.02
601.81
646.95
426.40
392.78
438.75
384.74
381.22
366.96
403.44
433.47
333.63
440.57
407.84
377.29
438.70
398.11
485.32
539.68
578.15
629.85
393.01
349.83
346.93
354.77
483.95
474.13
397.58
440.37
342.86
11.62 478.55

477.57
601.14
597.40
602.30
437.65
480.95

487.10
622.51
635.97
618.05
445.20
488.22

468.86
586.09
619.46
574.68
421.94
468.33

490.36

9.12
9.29
9.84
10.42
8.32
10.44
10.12
9.27
10.25

10.85
9.30

9.84
10.45
8.23
10.46
10.15

9.85

11.08
9.60
9.34
9.35

9.99
10.20
8.51
10.80
10.30

9.32

9.62

9.69

10.50
9.94
11.07
12.63
13.07
14.39
10.03

10.46
9.87
11.07
12.45
12.83
14.22

9.57

9.63

10.90
12.57
13.27
14.24
9.67
8.50

11.55
11.37

15.22
10.71

10.25

10.98
12.58
13.23
14.25
9.68
8.45
8.38
8.59

9.74

9.48
9.54
10.06
10.29
8.54
10.97
10.30

14.29

8.46
8.57

11.59
11.37

8.88
8.76

9.97
8.85
8.76

9.09
11.82
11.48

9.02
11.99
11.81

9.65

9.70

9.94

9.74

10.46

10.51

10.67

10.34

8.68

8.64

8.76

8.58

11.26
13.97
14.18
13.90
10.32
11.18

11.29
13.98
14.19
13.91
10.47
11.37

11.57
14.41
14.62
14.34
10.50
11.68

11.52
14.26
14.61
14.12
10.47
11.65

604.90
608.32
603.26
434.47
478.50

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.

86




1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

42.5
43.0
42.0
41.7
43.6
40.9
43.6
44.2
44.1
44.1
42.4
43.1
42.3
42.3
42.8
39.1
42.7
42.4
43.7
43.5
41.1
42.7
42.7
41.8
41.9
41.6
42.2
42.1
43.2
41.9

42.3
42.7
42.0
41.3
43.3
40.9
43.3
44.3
43.4
43.7
42.4
42.0
42.0
41.8
42.4
38.7
42.3
42.5
43.4
43.6
40.9
41.6
41.7
41.4
41.4
42.0
42.7
41.7
42.2
41.7

42.9
43.6
42.9
45.3
41.3
40.6
42.7
42.3
43.0
43.3
41.6
41.8
42.6
42.1
42.6
39.6
41.7
41.5
42.2
43.7
39.2
42.0
43.0
41.5
41.8
40.4
40.5
42.0
41.4
42.0

41.1
42.3
40.6
41.7
40.0
39.4
40.9
39.7
41.1
41.5
40.4
40.2
41.0
41.2
41.7
38.9
39.9
39.7
40.0
42.2
38.3
40.6
39.4
41.3
41.8
39.8
40.2
40.6
38.8
40.8

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

40.7
41.4
41.8
41.1
41.8
41.9
40.3
39.6
39.8
40.9
40.2
40.0
41.4
39.9
40.2
37.2
39.9
39.8
41.1
41.8
40.8
40.3
40.4
40.0
40.8
41.9
41.6
42.3

40.4
41.6
42.1
41.1
41.7
41.9
40.3
39.3
38.2
41.0
40.4
39.7
40.4
39.6
39.9
37.7
39.4
38.7
40.7
41.5
40.3
39.9
41.3
39.6
40.2
41.6
41.8
41.8

40.9
41.4
41.9
41.0
41.6
41.1
40.8
39.5
38.6
40.4
40.0
40.2
40.6
40.0
41.5
39.2
40.5
40.3
41.9
44.7
40.8
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.5
40.6
39.8
40.7

39.7
39.7
40.9
38.4
40.2
39.5
39.4
38.6
37.9
39.7
38.8
38.4
39.3
38.6
37.6
37.2
39.4
39.2
40.4
42.7
39.5
40.1
39.8
41.3
40.3
39.1
37.3
39.4

Average overtime hours
May
1990 p

40.5

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

4.1
4.4
3.9
4.2
5.5
2.9
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.1
4.9
3.9
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.2
5.7
4.3
2.9
5.1
4.7
2.8
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.5
4.7
4.5

4.0
4.3
4.0
3.7
5.2
3.0
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.9
4.8
3.5
4.4
4.2
3.5
4.0
4.2
3.9
5.8
4.4
2.6
4.3
4.3
2.7
2.7
3.5
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.4

4.2
4.3
5.0
5.9
4.1
2.1
4.7
4.4
5.3
5.5
3.6
3.0
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.6
4.6
4.7
1.9
4.9
4.4
3.1
3.1
2.4
2.4
4.3
3.3
4.5

3.0
3.4
3.2
4.0
3.0
1.7
3.6
2.9
3.8
4.4
2.8
1.7
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.3
1.4
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.0
1.7
1.9
3.4
2.2
3.6

2.9
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.7
4.0
2.5
2.8
3.5
2.3
2.8
2.6
3.2
2.6
3.0
1.4
3.3
2.9
2.3
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
2.5
4.4

2.8
2.7
2.8
2.6
3.4
3.9
2.2
2.6
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
1.7
2.8
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.2
3.0
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.2
2.9
4.0

3.0
2.8
3.2
2.5
3.2
3.4
2.1
2.2
2.5
1.7
2.0
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.4
3.0
1.9
2.3
2.2
2.4
3.6
3.1
4.4
3.6
2.8
2.0
3.2

2.2
1.9
2.3
1.5
2.3
2.3
1.3
1.6
2.3
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.2
.8
1.5
2.3
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.9
3.0
2.9
4.2
2.7
1.8
.8
2.3

May
1990 p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
vUUc

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ....
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Averagei hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

$11.33 $11.32 $11.65 $11.65
12.97
12.64
12.67
13.05
11.25
11.76
11.66
11.21
11.05
11.18
11.08
11.08
10.53
10.49
10.33 10.32
10.01
10.26
9.98
10.31
12.00
11.72
11.70
12.00
11.65
12.02
11.60
12.02
12.32
12.09
12.24
12.12
12.49
12.76
12.52
12.78
10.56
10.74
10.62
10.80
9.73
9.33
9.35
9.72
11.47
11.82
11.47
11.70
11.89
11.53
11.83
11.51
9.59
9.99
9.56
9.96
12.36
12.76
12.48
12.59
10.86
11.24
11.33
10.82
11.37
11.95
11.37
11.63
11.79
11.27
11.33
11.70
10.50
11.60
10.51
11.53
9.64
9.90
9.61
9.76
11.16
11.36
11.60
11.15
10.42
10.62
10.32
10.78
11.37
11.05
11.36
11.01
11.04
11.27
11.32
10.98
10.84
10.79
10.83
10.69
11.03 10.97
10.97
10.91
11.14
11.21
10.97
10.98
12.93 12.59
13.17
13.15
10.97
11.00
10.67
10.69
10.31
9.41
9.21
9.62
10.09
10.10
9.86
10.22
11.89
12.12
7.49
9.73
10.96
9.53
9.33
7.16
9.60
9.99
12.29
11.65
12.54
9.48
11.99
11.54
8.44
11.01
11.56
11.86

10.33
9.42
9.14
9.72
10.06
10.01
9.88
10.14
11.88
12.13
7.53
9.77
10.95
9.57
9.26
7.37
9.59
10.08
12.37
11.71
12.64
9.55
12.01
11.61
8.50
10.97
11.56
11.76

10.58
9.97
9.73
10.22
10.21
10.04
10.16
10.19
11.41
12.08
7.60
10.05
11.44
9.91
9.43
7.35
9.40
9.82
12.69
11.39
13.24
9.95
12.66
12.00
8.89
11.01
11.89
11.56

Average weekly earnings

May

1990p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

May

Apr.
1989

1989

Mar.
1990

$481.53
544.81
470.82
462.04
450.39
408.18
510.99
512.72
534.49
552.13
450.29
402.12
485.18
486.87
409.17
487.97
462.01
482.09
492.50
457.19
394.97
476.11
440.66
460.22
460.06
444.70
460.40
461.84
568.08
447.07

$478.84
539.73
472.50
456.37
446.86
409.41
506.61
516.10
524.71
545.81
447.74
392.70
481.74
481.95
406.62
478.33
459.38
483.23
491.72
457.80
394.28
464.26
434.51
457.47
457.06
453.18
470.98
457.87
555.77
445.77

$499.79
565.49
504.50
506.45
434.89
416.56
512.40
508.45
529.76
552.51
446.78
406.71
503.53
500.57
425.57
505.30
472.46
495.93
497.54
506.92
388.08
487.20
456.66
471.86
471.09
437.94
444.29
470.82
535.30
462.00

$478.82
552.02
473.40
462.04
419.60
406.21
490.80
477.19
503.06
530.37
436.32
390.74
479.70
487.40
415.33
489.75
448.48
461.71
468.00
486.57
373.81
461.22
424.73
469.17
473.18
431.03
440.99
452.28
488.49
447.58

417.33
391.87
384.79
399.49
419.50
419.42
398.16
398.50
453.82
497.33
304.21
387.87
442.38
378.97
369.47
277.85
377.85
390.10
503.46
485.97
509.39
381.05
496.01
459.76
341.70
456.35
483.21
491.57

432.72
412.76
407.69
419.02
424.74
412.64
414.53
402.51
440.43
488.03
304.00
404.01
464.46
396.40
391.35
288.12
380.70
395.75
531.71
509.13
540.19
407.95
519.06
492.00
368.94
447.01
473.22
470.49

420.03
396.21
397.96
392.83
409.64
393.03
403.06
391.79
433.58
470.45
294. "iO
386.30
454.70
376.74
351.94
281.60
364.84
374.75
513.89
485.50
524.96
401.00
511.03
496.84
357.86
430.10
439.39
457.83

10.58 $10.67 419.62
389.57
9.98
9.73
384.98
_
10.23
395.38
_
10.19
421.76
9.95
423.19
10.23
397.36
_
10.15
404.71
11.44
473.22
11.85
495.71
_
7.58
301.10
10.06
389.20
453.74
11.57
9.76
380.25
_
9.36
375.07
7.57
266.35
_
383.04
9.26
_
9.56
397.60
12.72
505.12
11.37
486.97
13.29
511.63
10.00
382.04
12.84
484.40
_
12.03
461.60
_
8.88
344.35
_
11.00
461.32
_
11.78
480.90
11.62
501.68
-

Apr.
1990 p

May

1990 p

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
$432.14
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average overtime hours
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

43.0
43.7
43.9
43.6
44.0
40.3
43.0
42.8
43.1
43.1
40.9
41.4
40.3
42.7
42.4
42.3
40.1
39.0

42.7
43.3
43.4
42.7
43.8
40.3
42.7
42.7
41.9
43.2
40.6
41.3
39.7
42.0
42.7
43.1
39.5
38.4

42.3
42.7
42.5
40.7
43.3
40.2
42.9
42.7
42.8
43.2
40.4
41.1
39.3
41.8
42.4
42.3
39.6
38.6

40.8
41.0
41.5
39.9
41.0
38.8
41.3
41.6
40.7
41.3
39.3
39.5
39.0
39.7
41.4
41.2
39.1
37.7

43.0
44.1

4.9
5.3
5.4
3.9
5.6
2.7
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.1
2.3

4.5
4.7
4.7
3.7
5.2
2.3
4.9
5.0
4.6
5.1
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.4
4.0
4.1
2.2
1.6

4.1
4.1
3.7
3.5
4.6
2.7
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.8
3.1
3.4
2.7
3.2
4.0
4.1
2.6
1.5

2.9
2.6
2.5
2.2
2.8
2.0
3.8
4.2
3.3
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.0
3.3
3.5
1.7
1.1

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments ...
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies ...
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.3
42.1
40.9
39.8
42.4
40.6
42.6
40.7
40.7
40.5
40.2
43.9
39.1

40.8
41.6
40.6
39.8
42.9
39.8
42.6
40.2
39.9
40.4
40.5
42.6
39.1

41.2
42.6
41.0
40.6
43.0
40.3
41.8
41.2
41.1
41.0
39.7
41.3
39.0

40.5
41.7
40.6
39.0
41.7
40.9
40.9
40.1
40.7
39.5
39.1
41.4
36.8

41.5

.2.7
2.6
2.5
2.1
3.4
1.9
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.7
1.2

2.7
2.8
2.5
2.0
3.7
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.6
1.3

2.8
3.0
2.6
2.1
3.9
2.2
2.8
3.0
3.3
2.6
2.6
3.2
1.8

2.1
2.4
2.0
1.6
3.2
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.3
1.6
2.4
2.7
1.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.6
38.2
38.0
39.5
39.9
38.4
40.9
40.3
38.8
37.7
39.9
39.4

39.4
38.2
38.0
39.2
39.8
38.1
41.0
40.0
38.0
36.6
40.0
39.9

39.4
38.0
37.5
40.0
39.7
38.5
40.5
40.3
39.2
39.2
39.4
40.0

38.1
37.4
37.2
37.8
38.0
36.9
38.7
38.9
38.2
38.4
38.2
39.3

39.2

2.3
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.4
1.3
3.1
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.8

2.3
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.4
1.2
3.2
2.4
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.8

2.4
1.4
1.2
2.3
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.6
3.0

1.7
1.1
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.0
1.9
1.6
2.0
2.7
1.8
2.3

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

40.1
40.0
39.6
40.8
40.4
38.3
41.2
40.1
41.7
39.3
41.1
38.7
39.1
43.7
43.9
42.6
39.0
38.6
40.2

40.0
40.4
40.6
41.4
41.6
39.8
40.9
39.1
41.6
39.1
41.5
40.0
37.1
43.7
45.3
42.4
39.7
39.0
41.4

39.8
40.0
39.1
40.2
40.8
37.8
41.2
39.5
41.7
39.5
40.5
39.2
39.0
43.9
46.6
42.8
39.6
39.3
40.4

39.2
39.7
38.9
40.5
40.5
37.2
41.4
39.9
42.2
39.2
39.5
39.2
37.8
42.9
46.0
42.0
39.2
39.6
38.3

40.0
40.8

3.5
3.8
3.7
4.5
4.1
2.9
4.2
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.8
3.3
3.0
5.6
5.4
5.7
3.5
3.8
2.8

3.5
4.0
4.1
4.9
4.8
3.4
4.2
3.5
4.5
3.2
4.7
3.3
2.2
5.5
5.5
5.6
4.0
4.3
3.2

3.4
3.9
3.5
4.2
4.5
2.7
4.4
3.6
4.7
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.2
5.1
6.2
5.4
4.0
4.0
4.2

3.0
3.7
3.1
4.0
4.3
2.1
4.5
3.7
5.3
3.4
2.7
2.9
3.4
4.7
4.7
5.3
4.0
4.5
2.7

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.




May
1990p

3.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
May
1990 p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990 p

$13.60 $13.58 $14.05 $13.92 $14.15 $584.80 $579.87 $594.32 $567.94 $608.45
14.20 14.17 14.61 14.44 14.75 620.54 613.56 623.85 592.04 650.48
16.42 16.30 16.95 16.83
720.84 707.42 720.38 698.45
505.76 495.75 516.48 492.77
11.60 11.61 12.69 12.35
580.36 577.72 584.12 543.66
13.19 13.19 13.49 13.26
9.40
381.24 378.82 384.31 368.60
9.50
9.56
9.46
605.87 600.36 629.77 604.22
14.09 14.06 14.68 14.63
2
()
$610.73 $594.98 $628.73 $590.96
$14.17 $14.20 $14.69 $14.52
558.15 557.71 578.02 547.64
12.95 12.91 13.38 13.26
425.77 425.49 433.90 416.97
10.41 10.48 10.74 10.61
481.90 481.56 488.27 462.94
11.64 11.66 11.88 11.72
8.71
8.71
8.72
348.19 345.79 342.70 339.69
8.64
544.85 527.94 545.91 523.64
12.76 12.57 13.06 13.19
576.22 580.72 602.08 585.81
13.59 13.60 14.20 14.15
2
()
$411.83 $404.48 $421.34 $410.94
$10.27 $10.24 $10.64 $10.51
8.98
9.44
9.39
353.73 344.83 362.45 355.89
9.07
10.17
11.38
9.96
9.38
9.57
10.04
11.18
9.18
9.31
9.00
7.65
13.41
7.46

10.17
11.37
9.93
9.28
9.50
10.17
11.14
9.26
9.38
9.11
7.71
13.35
7.46

10.57
11.84
10.33
9.27
10.06
10.71
11.85
9.57
9.71
9.40
8.17
14.15
7.62

10.57
11.86
10.36
9.26
10.19
10.77
11.93
9.48
9.64
9.31
8.10
14.25
7.61

10.62 420.02
479.10
407.36
373.32
405.77
407.62
476.27
373.63
378.92
364.50
307.53
588.70
291.69

414.94
472.99
403.16
369.34
407.55
404.77
474.56
372.25
374.26
368.04
312.26
568.71
291.69

435.48
504.38
423.53
376.36
432.58
431.61
495.33
394.28
399.08
385.40
324.35
584.40
297.18

428.09
494.56
420.62
361.14
424.92
440.49
487.94
380.15
392.35
367.75
316.71
589.95
280.05

440.73

8.21
8.85
8.89
8.17
7.47
7.39
7.52
8.03
6.99
6.55
8.98
9.21

8.24
8.81
8.80
8.20
7.53
7.41
7.61
8.09
7.03
6.56
9.00
9.35

8.60
9.25
9.21
8.49
7.86
7.89
7.84
8.88
7.26
6.72
9.35
9.78

8.60
9.30
9.23
8.53
7.89
7.79
7.95
8.83
7.32
6.77
9.29
9.73

8.55 325.12
338.07
337.82
322.72
298.05
283.78
307.57
323.61
271.21
246.94
358.30
362.87

324.66
336.54
334.40
321.44
299.69
282.32
312.01
323.60
267.14
240.10
360.00
373.07

338.84
351.50
345.38
339.60
312.04
303.77
317.52
357.86
284.59
263.42
368.39
391.20

327.66
347.82
343.36
322.43
299.82
287.45
307.67
343.49
279.62
259.97
354.88
382.39

335.16

9.65
9.32
7.69
8.48
9.14
6.55
10.05
9.30
10.52
8.75
10.71
8.84
7.98
11.25
10.91
8.79
10.41
10.39
10.46

9.68
9.34
7.72
8.64
9.14
6.50
10.14
9.46
10.58
8.78
10.80
8.81
7.91
11.31
10.84
8.75
10.45
10.42
10.53

10.02
9.56
7.90
8.67
9.31
6.83
10.40
9.61
10.79
9.02
10.85
9.31
8.21
11.16
10.62
8.98
10.75
10.72
10.83

10.07
9.56
7.91
8.64
9.37
6.82
10.35
9.58
10.85
8.92
10.70
9.17
8.13
11.12
10.36
9.06
10.80
10.81
10.76

10.10 386.97
9.60 372.80
304.52
345.98
369.26
250.87
414.06
372.93
438.68
343.88
440.18
342.11
312.02
491.63
478.95
374.45
405.99
401.05
420.49

387.20
377.34
313.43
357.70
380.22
258.70
414.73
369.89
440.13
343.30
448.20
352.40
293.46
494.25
491.05
371.00
414.87
406.38
435.94

398.80
382.40
308.89
348.53
379.85
258.17
428.48
379.60
449.94
356.29
439.43
364.95
320.19
489.92
494.89
384.34
425.70
421.30
437.53

394.74
379.53
307.70
349.92
379.49
253.70
428.49
382.24
457.87
349.66
422.65
359.46
307.31
477.05
476.56
380.52
423.36
428.08
412.11

404.00
391.68

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

209

39.4
42.2
37.8
43.4
41.4
43.6
40.5
38.4

40.1
43.0
38.7
43.1
41.8
43.6
41.2
38.5

39.6
40.8
38.6
42.7
41.0
43.2
40.3
39.0

39.3
40.9
38.7
43.6
41.1
43.4
40.3
38.5

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

38.1
38.4

39.5
39.9

38.8
39.1

38.0
38.3

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

41.2
41.6
41.3
41.3
42.3
40.2
38.6
39.5
39.9
40.0
42.0
43.3
43.3
43.2
41.6
41.0
41.4
39.3
41.7

41.2
41.6
41.5
41.3
41.8
40.2
38.1
39.0
40.4
40.0
41.6
42.7
42.7
42.7
41.7
41.0
41.3
39.6
41.8

39.9
40.0
40.7
40.2
40.4
38.2
37.8
36.4
37.6
38.8
40.3
41.7
41.6
42.3
42.0
39.5
40.0
36.7
41.6

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233

37.1
36.2
37.1
37.2
36.4
36.8
35.7
36.0
35.1
36.0
35.9
37.6
37.8
36.4
36.3
35.0
37.9
39.5
39.3
38.7
42.0

37.0
36.2
37.0
37.3
36.1
36.6
35.6
35.8
34.8
36.7
35.6
37.6
37.9
36.0
36.8
35.8
38.2
39.1
38.4
38.7
41.1

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265

43.1
45.4
45.6
44.2
41.5
43.7
40.6
40.5
42.4
42.0
43.0
41.8

43.1
45.4
45.6
44.4
41.6
43.2
41.2
41.0
42.3
42.1
42.8
42.4

See footnotes at end of table.

90




206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239

2391
2392
2396

2651
2653
2654

Average overtime hours
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990 p

2.8
3.8
2.2
5.1
3.9
5.8
3.5
3.6

3.1
4.0
2.7
5.0
4.2
6.2
4.0
4.0

3.0
4.7
2.4
4.8
4.3
6.9
3.6
4.1

2.5
4.6
1.9
5.3
4.8
8.4
3.5
3.9

39.0

1.8
1.9

2.3
2.6

2.1
2.3

1.7
1.8

39.1
39.0
39.9
37.6
40.0
37.5
37.0
35.5
37.4
37.1
39.5
40.6
40.5
40.7
41.7
38.8
39.3
38.0
40.6

40.6

4.1
4.6
4.2
3.3
4.1
3.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
2.3
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.4
4.1
4.0
4.3
2.5
3.9

4.0
4.4
4.2
3.1
3.6
3.5
2.2
3.0
4.0
2.2
4.5
5.0
4.8
5.1
4.4
4.1
4.4
2.6
3.8

3.6
4.1
3.6
3.2
2.4
2.7
2.5
1.6
3.1
1.9
3.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
4.6
3.7
4.0
2.3
3.9

2.7
3.3
2.8
.9
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.1
2.6

36.2
34.8
35.9
36.0
35.1
35.7
35.0
35.3
34.0
34.9
35.4
37.0
37.2
35.7
36.0
35.6
36.9
38.4
36.6
37.7
40.7

35.2
33.7
34.9
35.1
33.6
34.2
33.8
33.9
32.3
33.9
34.4
36.3
36.7
34.2
34.8
35.0
36.1
37.3
36.2
36.7
39.3

36.5

1.9
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.0
3.1
2.5
2.5
5.5

1.8
.9
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.0
1.6
2.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.2
2.8
2.4
2.5
4.6

1.5
.7
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.6
2.0
1.1
2.3
1.5
1.5
3.7

1.0
.4
.8
.6

.9
.8
1.1
.7
1.0
.7
1.2
.7
.7
.9
.9
1.1
.9
1.5
1.3
1.0
2.2

42.9
44.9
45.1
44.5
41.5
43.4
41.9
41.0
42.0
41.6
42.4
43.6

42.4
45.7
46.1
45.3
40.6
41.9
40.5
40.5
40.7
40.0
41.0
41.4

43.3

4.9
6.5
6.6
6.4
3.6
4.1
2.8
3.6
4.4
4.3
4.8
4.4

4.9
6.7
6.8
6.7
3.6
3.8
2.9
4.0
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.8

4.7
6.2
6.3
6.8
3.7
4.4
3.6
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.2

4.5
7.2
7.4
7.9
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.0
2.5
3.5
2.9

.3
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.1
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.1

May
1990 p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.

1990

Apr.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

1990

$392.42
492.05
331.51
418.38
530.33
780.00
415.53
333.31

$400.20
495.36
343.27
418.93
532.53
774.34
421.89
336.49

$405.11
482.26
354.35
424.44
548.17
812.59
423.55
349.05

$404.79
494.89
356.43

637.14
728.97

638.65
754.24

650.18
733.06

$667.68

313.94
330.30
342.79
347.75
297.20
275.77
257.18
260.91
260.18
271.60
320.32
344.59
342.88
360.39
329.85
300.94
303.14
291.85
359.06

317.21
329.20
345.95
342.91
293.71
277.71
257.04
250.80
268.84
287.51
322.40
347.36
344.03
368.43
348.18
301.78
306.00
285.53
368.58

309.67
316.68
341.94
316.97
292.40
273.38
250.12
248.15
269.28
271.94
316.40
334.95
330.89
351.24
342.77
296.04
299.47
299.82
358.09

324.80

233.84
255.21
214.23
212.61
202.16
210.08
215.38
188.67
228.29
232.68
212.18
223.72
219.06
245.16
206.08
201.20
234.55
297.16
241.92
247.29
481.69

236.39
256.82
216.12
216.00
201.47
209.92
216.65
194.15
224.06
229.99
215.94
227.55
222.46
250.61
208.80
205.06
233.58
300.29
236.07
247.31
472.12

231.26
248.03
214.98
215.51
198.91
207.94
210.24
186.79
213.50
226.79
210.53
225.06
222.04
240.08
202.54
200.90
230.32
289.08
236.39
240.39
442.91

240.54

512.46
663.75
667.13
651.35
428.90
493.78
397.58
389.50
429.77
444.58
442.12
424.42

520.38
673.05
674.70
666.17
439.49
518.63
418.16
404.26
430.50
451.36
439.69
425.10

519.82
695.10
698.42
688.11
430.36
501.54
402.57
402.17
415.55
430.00
423.53
409.45

533.02

209

$9.96
11.66
8.77
9.64
12.81
17.89
10.26
8.68

$9.98 $10.23 $10.30
11.52 11.82 12.10
9.18
9.21
8.87
9.94 10.06
9.72
12.74 13.37 13.50
18.93
18.81
17.76
10.51 10.58
10.24
8.95
8.98
8.74

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

15.87
18.13

16.13
18.27

16.46
19.29

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226

7.60
7.96
8.22
8.41
7.12
6.85
6.78
6.66
6.39
6.82
7.75
8.06
8.04
8.39
7.84
7.33
7.33
7.34
8.59

7.62
7.94
8.26
8.42
7.11
6.86
6.75
6.69
6.44
6.79
7.70
8.07
8.03
8.44
7.91
7.34
7.34
7.37
8.59

7.95
8.23
8.50
8.53
7.27
7.27
6.80
6.89
7.15
7.41
8.00
8.33
8.27
8.71
8.29
7.64
7.65
7.78
8.86

7.92
8.12
8.57
8.43
7.31
7.29
6.76
6.99
7.20
7.33
8.01
8.25
8.17
8.63
8.22
7.63
7.62
7.89
8.82

8.00 313.12

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327

6.32
7.05
5.77
5.67
5.59
5.69
6.05
5.26
6.48
6.30
6.01
5.90
5.75
6.71
5.64
5.67
6.11
7.62
6.29
6.35
11.81

6.32
7.05
5.79
5.70
5.60
5.74
6.05
5.27
6.56
6.34
5.96
5.95
5.78
6.81
5.60
5.62
6.14
7.60
6.30
6.39
11.72

6.53
7.38
6.02
6.00
5.74
5.88
6.19
5.50
6.59
6.59
6.10
6.15
5.98
7.02
5.80
5.76
6.33
7.82
6.45
6.56
11.60

6.57
7.36
6.16
6.14
5.92
6.08
6.22
5.51
6.61
6.69
6.12
6.20
6.05
7.02
5.82
5.74
6.38
7.75
6.53
6.55
11.27

6.59 234.47

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.83

11.89
14.62
14.63
14.67
10.31
11.43
9.65
9.50
10.16
10.56
10.33
10.01

12.13
14.99
14.96
14.97
10.59
11.95
9.98
9.86
10.25
10.85
10.37
9.75

12.26
15.21
15.15
15.19
10.60
11.97
9.94

12.31 509.87

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

2328
233

2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396

14.58

14.61
14.51
10.30
11.48
9.72
9.43
10.09
10.50
10.26
9.93

17.11 $17.12 604.65
19.14
696.19

9.93

10.21
10.75
10.33
9.89

331.14
339.49
347.33
301.18
275.37
261.71
263.07
254.96
272.80
325.50
349.00
348.13
362.45
326.14
300.53
303.46
288.46
358.20
255.21
214.07
210.92
203.48
209.39
215.99
189.36
227.45
226.80
215.76
221.84
217.35
244.24
204.73
198.45
231.57
300.99
247.20
245.75
496.02
661.93
666.22
641.34
427.45
501.68
394.63
381.92
427.82
441.00
441.18
415.07

Mar.

Apr.
1990p

May
1990 p

438.62
554.85
821.56
426.37
345.73

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricul tural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average overtime hours
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

37.8
33.0
37.8
39.6
39.4
39.9
36.3
39.2
39.1
39.1
40.8
38.4
38.9

37.4
33.0
37.7
39.3
38.9
40.0
36.0
38.6
38.6
38.4
40.8
38.3
38.0

38.0
32.9
38.0
39.3
39.8
38.6
37.0
39.4
39.2
39.3
41.5
37.4
39.2

37.3
32.7
37.6
37.8
38.3
37.1
36.8
38.6
38.3
38.6
40.7
36.7
38.7

37.5

2.9
1.2
3.0
3.7
3.3
4.4
1.8
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.9

2.7
1.3
2.6
3.4
3.0
4.1
1.9
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.3
2.8
3.4

3.0
1.2
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.7
1.9
3.7
3.3
3.8
3.0
2.5
4.3

2.5
1.2
2.9
2.5
2.4
2.7
1.9
3.0
2.5
3.2
2.3
2.2
3.6

42.5
43.0
42.7
43.1
43.9
42.9
41.8
41.2
39.9
42.3
40.8
38.1
41.4
45.3
44.1
45.6
44.5
42.1

42.1
42.7
42.5
43.0
43.4
43.0
41.2
40.8
39.5
41.6
40.3
38.0
41.9
44.4
44.2
44.4
43.1
42.0

42.5
42.9
42.8
42.3
43.7
40.9
41.4
41.4
41.2
42.7
41.5
40.1
41.9
44.5
44.3
44.5
44.5
42.7

42.6
43.5
43.4
43.3
44.6
42.0
41.4
41.5
39.8
40.8
40.7
38.7
41.1
44.9
44.7
44.9
45.3
42.4

42.2

4.2
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.3
4.6
3.5
3.5
2.7
4.5
2.9
1.5
3.4
6.0
5.5
6.1
5.9
3.6

4.0
4.3
4.0
4.9
5.1
4.6
3.5
3.5
2.4
4.4
2.5
1.3
3.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
4.9
3.5

4.3
4.5
4.5
4.9
5.4
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.1
4.4
2.9
2.3
3.6
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.8
3.9

4.1
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.8
4.2
3.3
3.3
2.2
2.6
2.3
1.9
3.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
6.2
3.1

43.9
44.1
44.2

44.2
44.4
44.9

44.2
44.8
43.8

43.3

295

44.3
44.7
44.0

5.8
5.9
6.2

5.7
5.7
6.8

5.8
5.6
7.9

6.0
6.0
7.1

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.5
44.7
40.1

41.5
46.0
40.4

41.3
43.4
41.3

40.1
40.9
38.8

41.5

4.0
6.0
1.7

3.8
6.0
1.8

3.7
4.9
2.3

2.8
3.1
1.5

303,4
306
307

42.4
41.1
41.1

42.8
40.5
41.0

43.7
41.5
40.9

41.7
39.6
40.0

4.1
3.3
3.9

4.2
2.9
3.7

5.2
3.3
3.6

3.6
2.1
2.8

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31

37.8
41.6
37.4
37.3
37.5
39.9
35.6

37.6
42.0
37.1
37.7
36.0
39.5
35.8

37.3
42.1
36.3
36.6
35.7
38.0
37.5

36.3
40.6
35.7
35.1
35.7
37.3
34.6

37.4

1.8
4.3
1.4
1.1
2.0
2.3
1.4

1.8
4.6
1.3
1.1
1.5
2.5
1.6

1.8
4.0
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6

39.8

39.3

39.1

39.1

39.3

4011

47.0

45.3

45.5

44.5

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411

413

34.2
38.3
40.2

34.3
38.1
39.8

33.0
38.1
34.7

32.7
38.3
37.7

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.2
38.2
39.1

38.3
38.3
38.9

38.0
37.9
39.3

38.0
37.9
39.0

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

42.4

41.0

41.5

41.6

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291

311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

See footnotes at end of table.

92




1.3

3.1
.8
.5
.9

1.4
2.0

May
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
i
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
. 2861,9
287
289

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

$10.73 $10.76 $11.13 $11.08 $11.12 $405.59
353.43
11.17
11.18
10.71
10.73
11.44
432.43
11.93 12.02
11.37
371.84
9.78
9.72
9.41
9.39
352.24
9.54
9.40
9.00
8.94
402.59
10.18
10.23
10.04
10.09
10.13
10.04
10.14
10.05
364.82
11.31
11.44
10.98
430.42
11.03
11.08
417.59
10.99
10.73
10.68
11.57
11.42
11.14
11.10
434.01
456.96
11.47
11.43
11.20
11.23
330.24
8.84
8.80
8.67
8.60
13.83 13.69
13.50
525.15
13.44

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

$402.42
354.09
428.65
369.81
350.10
401.60
365.04
425.76
414.18
427.78
458.18
332.06
510.72

$422.94
367.82
453.34
382.00
374.12
394.88
371.48
450.74
434.34
454.70
474.35
329.12
542.14

$413.28 $417.00
365.26
451.95
369.68
365.38
377.68
372.78
436.57
420.92
440.81
466.83
324.43
529.80

May
1990p

12.92
14.17
14.22
13.27
14.24
12.49
12.32
12.22
11.14
14.83
10.32
9.34
11.58
15.43
15.19
15.49
12.35
11.78

12.98
14.18
14.24
13.32
14.24
12.61
12.44
12.39
11.13
14.88
10.22
9.39
11.64
15.57
15.41
15.61
12.43
11.84

13.30
14.49
14.60
13.74
14.43
13.24
12.71
12.66
11.60
15.40
10.28
9.88
11.86
15.70
15.86
15.65
13.21
12.02

13.45
14.67
14.83
14.09
14.83
13.55
12.73
12.68
11.54
15.14
10.29
9.94
11.93
15.82
16.00
15.77
13.23
12.22

13.45 549.10
609.31
607.19
571.94
625.14
535.82
514.98
503.46
444.49
627.31
421.06
355.85
479.41
698.98
669.88
706.34
549.58
495.94

546.46
605.49
605.20
572.76
618.02
542.23
512.53
505.51
439.64
619.01
411.87
356.82
487.72
691.31
681.12
693.08
535.73
497.28

565.25
621.62
624.88
581.20
630.59
541.52
526.19
524.12
477.92
657.58
426.62
396.19
496.93
698.65
702.60
696.43
587.85
513.25

572.97
638.15
643.62
610.10
661.42
569.10
527.02
526.22
459.29
617.71
418.80
384.68
490.32
710.32
715.20
708.07
599.32
518.13

567.59

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

15.50
16.76
11.81

15.34
16.61
12.08

16.14
17.44
12.33

16.35
17.71
12.41

16.08 686.65
749.17
519.64

673.43
732.50
533.94

713.39
774.34
553.62

722.67
793.41
543.56

696.26

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.35
15.01
6.42

9.40
15.01
6.60

9.62
15.19
6.57

9.60
15.03
6.64

9.77 388.03
670.95
257.44

390.10
690.46
266.64

397.31
659.25
271.34

384.96
614.73
257.63

405.46

303,4
306
307

9.35
8.83
8.68

9.38
8.81
8.72

9.90
9.17
8.98

9.85
9.20
8.97

396.44
362.91
356.75

401.46
356.81
357.52

432.63
380.56
367.28

410.75
364.32
358.80

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

6.55
8.71
6.26
6.69
5.91
6.60
5.83

6.58
8.68
6.27
6.69
5.92
6.65
5.93

6.84
8.91
6.56
7.05
6.06
6.83
6.04

6.93
9.04
6.64
7.17
6.17
7.06
6.04

6.91 247.59
362.34
234.12
249.54
221.63
263.34
207.55

247.41
364.56
232.62
252.21
213.12
262.68
212.29

255.13
375.11
238.13
258.03
216.34
259.54
226.50

251.56
367.02
237.05
251.67
220.27
263.34
208.98

258.43

12.51

12.49

12.82

12.93

12.88 497.90

490.86

501.26

505.56

506.18

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

15.33

15.29

16.10

16.25

720.51

692.64

732.55

723.13

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

8.70
9.57
11.53

8.69
9.50
11.39

8.89
9.79
10.68

8.94
9.95
10.87

297.54
366.53
463.51

298.07
361.95
453.32

293.37
373.00
370.60

292.34
381.09
409.80

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

11.30
11.47
9.19

11.33
11.48
9.29

11.67
11.85
9.41

11.71
11.87
9.55

431.66
438.15
359.33

433.94
439.68
361.38

443.46
449.12
369.81

444.98
449.87
372.45

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

16.33

15.94

16.90

16.97

692.39

653.54

701.35

705.95

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

48
481
483

39.2
40.6
35.5

39.2
40.8
34.8

39.3
41.0
34.7

39.5
41.1
35.1

49

41.9
42.1
41.9
42.2
41.6

41.8
42.1
41.2
42.0
41.9

41.7
41.6
41.8
42.2
41.7

41.8
41.9
41.6
42.3
41.7

38.2

37.9

37.9

38.1

38.7
37.6
37.7
39.7
35.6
40.6
38.4
38.7
39.2
38.5

38.4
37.2
37.1
39.4
34.9
40.3
37.9
38.4
39.0
38.3

38.5
37.8
36.9
39.2
35.8
40.2
38.5
38.6
38.7
37.7

38.5
37.9
36.9
39.7
35.9
39.7
38.5
38.5
38.9
37.4

37.4
37.3
36.8
36.0
37.7
39.9
38.6
36.2
37.0

37.2
36.6
37.1
35.7
37.6
39.7
38.1
36.1
37.0

37.1
37.3
37.2
36.5
37.5
39.4
37.9
36.4
36.3

37.5
37.7
37.2
36.1
37.9
39.2
38.4
36.5
37.0

28.9

28.8

28.5

29.0

491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51
511

509

512
513
514

516
517

518
519

Retail trade.
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.2
38.0
32.1

36.2
38.0
32.1

35.7
37.7
31.7

36.0
37.7
32.0

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

27.1
26.8
27.8
28.7

27.3
27.2
27.7
28.4

27.5
27.3
28.0
28.3

28.0
27.9
29.2
28.6

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

29.7
29.8
29.2

29.9
30.0
29.4

29.1
29.2
28.8

30.1
30.2
30.2

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.3
37.2
38.5
33.8

35.8
36.7
37.9
33.3

36.1
37.1
38.1
33.8

36.3
37.1
38.5
33.9

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.7
28.5
24.8
26.8
28.7

26.6
28.2
24.7
26.4
28.6

26.8
27.6
23.8
26.9
30.2

27.4
28.6
24.3
27.9
31.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

32.9
33.5
33.5
31.6

32.6
33.3
33.1
31.3

32.6
33.3
33.3
31.1

32.6
33.2
33.4
31.3

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.6

25.4

25.0

25.4

See footnotes at end of table.

94




Average overtime hours
May
1990p

38.0

28.8

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
v^UUfcJ

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

$13.01 $13.04 $13.26 $13.26
13.69
13.93
13.89
13.70
12.04
12.12
12.45
12.29

Average) weekly earnings
May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

-

$509.99 $511.17 $521.12 $523.77
556.22 558.55 571.13 570.88
427.42 421.78 426.46 437.00

_
_
_
-

May
1990p

_
-

14.70
14.93
13.58
17.24
11.30

14.65
14.98
13.52
17.10
11.16

15.05
15.72
13.97
16.98
11.39

15.18
15.88
14.22
17.01
11.43

615.93
628.55
569.00
727.53
470.08

612.37
630.66
557.02
718.20
467.60

627.59
653.95
583.95
716.56
474.96

634.52
665.37
591.55
719.52
476.63

_
_
_
_
-

10.36

10.28

10.65

10.76 $10.70 395.75

389.61

403.64

409.96

$406.60

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

10.61
9.68
9.64
10.02
9.63
10.90
11.06
9.99
11.37
8.41

10.54
9.53
9.66
9.99
9.65
10.88
10.93
9.89
11.33
8.29

10.94
10.04
10.04
10.29
10.54
11.15
11.16
10.36
11.74
8.59

11.08
10.19
10.08
10.42
10.68
11.23
11.32
10.54
11.88
8.72

_
_
_
_
_
-

410.61
363.97
363.43
397.79
342.83
442.54
424.70
386.61
445.70
323.79

404.74
354.52
358.39
393.61
336.79
438.46
414.25
379.78
441.87
317.51

421.19
379.51
370.48
403.37
377.33
448.23
429.66
399.90
454.34
323.84

426.58
386.20
371.95
413.67
383.41
445.83
435.82
405.79
462.13
326.13

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.98
10.93
11.53
9.96
10.11
12.60
9.96
11.54
8.16

9.91
10.80
11.20
9.92
10.06
12.39
9.87
11.51
8.15

10.22
11.33
11.59
10.21
10.32
12.47
10.06
11.85
8.46

10.29
11.36
11.82
10.34
10.37
12.52
10.13
12.06
8.52

_
_
_
-

368.65
395.28
415.52
354.14
378.26
491.88
376.05
415.51
301.55

379.16
422.61
431.15
372.67
387.00
491.32
381.27
431.34
307.10

385.88
428.27
439.70
373.27
393.02
490.78
388.99
440.19
315.24

_
_
_
_

_
-

373.25
407.69
424.30
358.56
381.15
502.74
384.46
417.75
301.92

6.52

6.49

6.76

6.78

6.77

188.43

186.91

192.66

196.62

194.98

276.57
305.90
203.84

275.48
304.38
204.16

281.67
310.27
210.49

285.84
314.04
214.72

_
-

Retail trade

_
_
_
-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.64
8.05
6.35

7.61
8.01
6.36

7.89
8.23
6.64

7.94
8.33
6.71

_
_
-

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.74
7.01
5.30
5.66

6.73
7.00
5.28
5.65

7.06
7.33
5.57
5.95

7.01
7.27
5.58
5.93

_
_
_
-

182.65
187.87
147.34
162.44

183.73
190.40
146.26
160.46

194.15
200.11
155.96
168.39

196.28
202.83
162.94
169.60

_
_
_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.17
7.28
5.97

7.13
7.24
6.04

7.34
7.44
6.27

7.35
7.45
6.38

_
_
-

212.95
216.94
174.32

213.19
217.20
177.58

213.59
217.25
180.58

221.24
224.99
192.68

_
_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

8.60
10.49
7.46
5.94

8.52
10.34
7.48
5.94

8.85
10.80
7.69
6.16

8.96
10.97
7.76
6.18

_
_
-

312.18
390.23
287.21
200.77

305.02
379.48
283.49
197.80

319.49
400.68
292.99
208.21

325.25
406.99
298.76
209.50

_
_
_
-

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.96
7.35
5.62
5.92
6.02

5.96
7.44
5.61
5.84
6.02

6.17
7.52
5.88
6.11
6.10

6.23
7.62
5.96
6.16
6.14

_
_
-

159.13
209.48
139.38
158.66
172.77

158.54
209.81
138.57
154.18
172.17

165.36
207.55
139.94
164.36
184.22

170.70
217.93
144.83
171.86
190.34

_
_
_
-

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

8.10
8.15
8.21
7.97

8.16
8.15
8.26
8.16

8.33
8.33
8.46
8.30

8.42
8.45
8.56
8.33

_
_
-

266.49
273.03
275.04
251.85

266.02
271.40
273.41
255.41

271.56
277.39
281.72
258.13

274.49
280.54
285.90
260.73

_
_
_
-

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.69

4.71

4.88

4.93

-

120.06

119.63

122.00

125.22

-

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

29.6
27.0
28.2
32.5
38.1
31.6

29.9
26.9
28.1
32.8
37.5
33.5

29.3
26.9
27.8
32.6
37.5
30.5

29.8
27.3
28.3
32.5
37.5
32.3

36.3

35.6

35.7

36.2

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

36.2
36.2

35.4
35.4

35.5
35.4

36.1
36.1

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

37.1
36.3
36.6

36.1
35.8
36.0

36.3
35.8
36.3

37.1
36.5
36.8

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.4
37.2
38.1
37.2

37.1
37.0
37.7
36.9

37.3
37.1
38.2
37.0

37.6
37.5
37.8
37.4

32.8

32.4

32.5

32.7

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

31.5

31.0

30.5

31.1

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.2
30.3

34.5
30.0

34.1
29.4

34.3
29.8

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.9
37.2
30.0
38.1

33.6
36.7
29.7
37.6

33.7
36.9
29.3
37.9

33.6
37.5
29.5
38.4

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.6
38.0

36.2
37.7

36.6
38.1

36.6
38.0

76

37.9

37.9

37.3

37.1

78
781

28.6
35.4

28.2
35.4

30.1
36.7

29.9
36.1

79

27.7

27.5

27.9

28.1

80
801
802
805

806

32.5
31.7
28.9
31.9
33.8

32.2
31.2
28.6
31.5
33.8

32.5
31.6
28.4
31.5
34.1

32.7
31.8
28.8
32.3
34.1

81

35.2

34.5

34.8

35.5

89

39.5
39.4
40.6

37.7
38.8
36.3

38.9
39.2
39.7

39.2
39.1
40.3

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..,
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .,
See footnotes at end of table.

96




891

893

Average overtime hours
May
1990 p

35.6

32.4

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average weekly earnings
May
1990 p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

$200.98
173.61
180.20
250.25
356.62
218.67

$202.12
172.43
179.00
254.86
348.38
228.47

$206.86
179.69
184.59
257.54
370.50
219.91

$210.09
181.82
188.20
258.05
370.13
230.95

Apr.
1990p

$6.79
6.43
6.39
7.70
9.36
6.92

$6.76
6.41
6.37
7.77
9.29
6.82

$7.06
6.68
6.64
7.90
9.88
7.21

$7.05
6.66
6.65
7.94
9.87
7.15

9.59

9.48

9.87

9.98

$9.92 348.12

337.49

352.36

361.28

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

8.30
7.92

8.23
7.84

8.54
8.08

8.58
8.11

300.46
286.70

291.34
277.54

303.17
286.03

309.74
292.77

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

8.63
8.11
8.21

8.55
8.01
8.12

9.02
8.39
8.35

9.18
8.53
8.48

320.17
294.39
300.49

308.66
286.76
292.32

327.43
300.36
303.11

340.58
311.35
312.06

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

10.62
9.98
10.34
11.31

10.58
9.95
10.25
11.31

11.01
10.26
10.58
11.83

11.11
10.31
10.69
11.94

397.19
371.26
393.95
420.73

392.52
368.15
386.43
417.34

410.67
380.65
404.16
437.71

417.74
386.63
404.08
446.56

9.34

9.30

9.75

9.81

9.76 306.35

301.32

316.88

320.79

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.61

6.65

6.89

6.93

208.22

206.15

210.15

215.52

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.53
6.77

6.55
6.88

6.72
7.07

6.79
7.12

223.33
205.13

225.98
206.40

229.15
207.86

232.90
212.18

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

9.60
13.30
7.09
14.03

9.53
12.97
7.13
13.93

9.93
13.39
7.11
14.60

10.07
13.60
7.27
14.83

325.44
494.76
212.70
534.54

320.21
476.00
211.76
523.77

334.64
494.09
208.32
553.34

338.35
510.00
214.47
569.47

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

8.34
9.22

8.37
9.22

8.63
9.55

8.67
9.56

305.24
350.36

302.99
347.59

315.86
363.86

317.32
363.28

76

9.86

9.88

10.28

10.24

373.69

374.45

383.44

379.90

78
781

12.32
15.72

12.52
15.99

13.44
17.03

12.51
16.10

352.35
556.49

353.06
566.05

404.54
625.00

374.05
581.21

79

8.08

7.86

8.19

8.20

223.82

216.15

228.50

230.42

80
801
802
805
806

9.68
9.24
9.38
6.67
11.03

9.69
9.20
9.35
6.72
11.04

10.23
9.65
9.99
7.09
11.61

10.26
9.75
10.09
7.15
11.62

314.60
292.91
271.08
212.77
372.81

312.02
287.04
267.41
211.68
373.15

332.48
304.94
283.72
223.34
395.90

335.50
310.05
290.59
230.95
396.24

81

13.44

13.21

13.83

14.03

473.09

455.75

481.28

498.07

89
891
893

13.09
14.09
11.21

13.09
13.94
11.27

13.45
14.52
11.56

13.70
14.69
11.92

517.06
555.15
455.13

493.49
540.87
409.10

523.21
569.18
458.93

537.04
574.38
480.38

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




May
1990 p

$353.15

316.22

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

97

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part oftitleCurrent Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$14.73

$14.74

$15.47

$15.50

$14.04

$14.09

$14.56

$14.54

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

15.16

15.17

16.17

16.23

14.45

14.51

15.04

15.03

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum payments, for
aircraft and guided missiles and space vehicles have been revised to
incorporate corrected data from respondents. Revised data for aircraft
are October 1989, $16.08; November 1989, $16.04; December 1989,

98




$15.98; 1989 annual average, $15.41; January 1990, $16.04; and
February 1990, $16.14. Revised data for guided missiles and space
vehicles are October 1989, $14.85; November 1989, $14.79; December
1989, $14.87; 1989 annual average, $14.63; January 1990, $14.99; and
February 1990, $15.04.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Apr.
1989

May
1989

$9.95

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.44
8.39
7.88
10.10
11.54
10.02
10.72
9.95

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

9.25
8.90
15.51
7.24
6.17
11.20
10.33
12.31
14.55
8.92
6.40

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




12.87
9.85
7.98

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

$9.98

$10.28

$10.36

$10.34

10.47
8.42
7.92
10.10

10.76

10.84
8.74
8.23
10.54

10.81

11.56

10.05
10.76
9.99
12.91
9.85
8.01
9.28
8.90

15.67
7.26
6.17
11.24
10.39

12.39
14.40
8.99
6.43

8.68
8.16

10.37
11.97
10.26
11.04

10.21
13.40
10.21
8.35

9.61
9.12
16.02
7.60
6.40
11.50

10.71
12.66

15.14
9.20
6.69

12.22
10.29
11.12

10.29
13.44
10.30
8.41
9.71

$9.67

9.14

16.73
7.66
6.48
11.63
10.72
12.83
15.32
9.28
6.81

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are
subject to revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Apr.
1990p

Average weekly earnings

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.62
4.81

$9.59
4.77

$9.93
4.76

$9.96
4.77

$9.98

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

13.19
6.60

13.13
6.53

13.42
6.43

13.52
6.47

$13.49

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

13.30
6.65

13.28
6.60

13.47
6.45

13.38
6.40

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.41
5.21

10.42
5.18

10.73
5.14

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.51
6.26

12.49
6.21

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.36
5.18

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

May
1990p

Apr.
1989

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

May
1990p

$334.78 $330.86 $341.59 $343.62 $344.31
167.39 164.53 163.68 164.41
564.53
282.27

551.46
274.22

577.06
276.50

585.42
280.11

$585.47

$13.51

504.07
252.04

500.66
248.96

510.51
244.61

499.07
238.79

$516.08

10.74
5.14

$10.82

426.81
213.41

426.18
211.92

436.71
209.25

427.45
204.52

$442.54

12.82
6.14

12.93
6.19

$12.88

497.90
248.95

490.86
244.09

501.26
240.18

505.56
241.89

$506.18

10.28
5.11

10.65
5.10

10.76
5.15

$10.70

395.75
197.88

389.61
193.74

403.64
193.41

409.96
196.15

$406.60

6.52
3.26

6.49
3.23

6.76
3.24

6.78
3.24

$6.77

188.43
94.22

186.91
92.94

192.66
92.31

196.62
94.08

$194.98

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.59
4.80

9.48
4.71

9.87
4.73

9.98
4.78

$9.92

348.12
174.06

337.49
167.82

352.36
168.84

361.28
172.86

$353.15

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.34
4.67

9.30
4.62

9.75
4.67

9.81
4.69

$9.76

306.35
153.18

301.32
149.84

316.88
151.84

320.79
153.49

$316.22

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

100




0

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1989

1990

Industry
May

Total private

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.p

Ma/

34.6

34.6

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.6

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

34.6

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.8
39.4
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.7
41.3
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.5
4.0
39.6
39.5
42.3
43.0
43.2
41.5
42.4
40.6
42.6
42.6
41.4
39.3

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.5
42.9
43.4
41.5
42.2
40.9
42.7
43.0
41.1
39.4

41.0
3.8
41.6
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.2
42.8
42.9
41.6
42.3
41.1
42.8
43.4
41.0
39.2

40.8
3.7
41.2
3.8
40.4
39.2
42.3
42.5
42.8
41.5
42.0
40.9
41.2
42.9
41.1
39.3

40.7
3.7
41.2
3.7
40.3
39.4
42.4
42.6
43.0
41.4
42.1
40.8
40.9
42.3
41.0
39.7

40.6
3.6
41.2
3.6
40.1
39.2
41.5
42.5
42.8
41.2
42.0
40.5
41.9
42.2
40.9
39.3

40.7
3.7
41.3
3.7
40.5
39.8
42.2
42.5
43.2
41.1
42.1
40.8
41.4
40.8
41.0
39.4

40.7
3.6
41.3
3.6
39.8
39.5
42.1
42.3
42.8
41.3
42.2
41.1
41.5
41.2
41.0
39.5

40.8
3.6
41.4
3.7
40.3
39.2
41.9
42.6
42.9
41.7
42.0
41.1
42.0
42.2
41.1
39.4

40.7
3.5
41.2
3.5
40.2
39.0
41.8
41.8
43.0
41.3
41.8
40.9
42.2
41.6
41.4
39.1

41.1
4.0
41.7
4.2
40.4
39.4
42.1
43.1
44.0
42.0
42.4
40.8
42.8
43.8
41.8
39.3

40.2
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.4

40.3
3.6
40.7
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.8
42.5
(2)

40.2
3.8
41.0
(2)

40.2
3.6
40.8

40.2
3.7
40.8
(2)
40.7
36.9
43.4
37.8
42.4

40.1
3.6
40.8

(2)
41.0
37.0
43.5
37.7
42.4
(2)
41.5

40.2
3.7
41.0
(2)
40.6
37.0
43.2
37.9
42.5
(2)
41.5

40.0
3.5
40.6

(2)
40.2
36.6
43.0
37.8
42.3

(2)
41.1

(2)
40.1
36.2
43.2
37.9
42.5
(2)
41.3

39.9
3.5
40.6
2
()
40.2
36.4
43.2
37.7
42.6
(2)
41.0

40.2
3.7
41.0
2
()

(2)
41.4

38.1

38.1

37.7

37.5

40.0
3.6
40.5
(2)
40.5
36.7
43.3
37.8
42.7
(2)
40.9
37.4

39.9
3.5
40.5

37.9
42.3
(2)
41.2

39.9
3.6
40.6
(2)
40.2
36.3
43.1
37.6
42.7
(2)
40.8
37.2

38.0

37.3

39.3

39.1

37.8

37.2

39.3

39.3

39.1

39.3

39.3

38.0

38.0

39.3

39.4

38.1

38.1

38.1

38.1

38.1

38.2

28.7

38.1

28.8

28.8

28.8

29.0

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.0

28.9

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.6

34.6

Mining

0

Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)
41.5
37.4

41.5
37.9

Retail trade

41.4
37.7
39.4

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade

41.2
37.0
43.2
37.6
42.5
(2)

39.5

39.4

37.9

38.0

28.9

28.9

32.5

32.5

39.0
38.1
38.0
29.2

(2)
40.5
36.8
43.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
1

32.8

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




32.6

32.5

40.8
36.6
43.5
37.8
42.4

(2)
41.6

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1989

1990

Industry
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.p

Mayp

127.6

128.1

129.2

128.5

128.9

129.2

129.1

128.8

129.5

130.2

130.3

130.0

130.0

102.4

102.5

103.0

103.3

102.5

101.1

102.2

102.9

102.3

101.0

101.8

81.8

81.2

80.3

84.4

86.2

85.3

87.1

87.8

87.7

88.8

89.1

138.2

139.3

142.7

143.5

145.8

139.5

149.5

150.6

146.7

139.5

141.1

96.4

96.4

96.3

96.4

94.8

94.5

93.7

94.3

94.4

94.1

94.8

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

94.3
103.7
112.9
89.3
68.2
52.3
91.7
93.7
98.4
100.5
90.2
115.8
86.6

94.0
103.4
112.6
89.8
68.5
52.6
90.8
93.8
97.8
99.5

93.8
102.6
113.2
90.0
67.9
52.0
90.7
94.0
97.6
98.6
85.7
116.9
85.7

94.0

93.3
103.0

92.2
104.2
109.9
89.6
65.9
51.1
89.7
92.0
97.1
94.3
84.7
116.1
86.0

91.9
103.9
110.2
90.0
65.6
50.8

88.5

92.7
96.6
92.7
82.3
115.2
86.2

92.4
95.0
95.0
82.4
114.4
86.3

91.9
103.9
108.9
88.4
65.2
50.0
88.9
91.9
96.9
95.0
82.3
114.7

91.4
103.3
108.3
87.2
64.0
50.6
88.5
91.3
96.1
95.2
80.7
116.1
84.9

92.3
103.5
109.2

89.1

90.3
105.1
110.5
89.6
64.8
51.3
86.7
92.7
95.7
85.7
67.0
115.2
87.7

91.7

103.6
111.9
90.2
67.6
53.0
90.4
93.2
98.0
100.5
90.1
115.8

91.6
103.2
109.1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

99.5
103.3
69.6

99.9
104.3
69.0
81.5
85.2
102.3

99.2
105.5
66.9
78.8
83.6
102.8
139.3
101.5
85.3
116.8

98.7
105.0
66.2
78.1
82.4
102.1
138.8
102.8
85.6
115.3

98.8
105.1
69.0
78.3
102.5
140.0
102.6
83.9
114.5

114.2

101.5
86.4
115.1

98.2
105.4
66.4
76.9
80.4
102.5
139.7
101.7
85.5
114.8

98.6
105.9
66.7
77.4
80.5
103.2
139.9
101.4
84.5
116.8

Total private ....
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing ,

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

88.1
116.1
86.2

100.1

86.8

99.9
105.2
68.7




85.3
143.1
95.8

111.6
88.8
66.7

51.9
90.0
93.1
98.0
98.5
87.0
115.8
85.8

102.4
85.5
143.8
95.2

87.7
65.6

51.1

102.5

109.7
89.4
64.9
50.6
88.0
92.9
96.4
93.5
80.3

115.0
87.6

86.8

87.5

65.9
51.2
89.7
92.4
95.8
96.5
84.6
117.5
86.0

101.5
83.2

101.8
83.4

101.5
84.1

119.6

101.8
84.3
118.9

118.8

119.3

118.4

99.6
105.9
67.6
79.5
84.0
102.8
138.3
101.8
85.6
118.1

54.7

55.5

54.7

54.8

54.8

53.8

53.0

52.1

52.4

53.3

53.0

51.8

50.8

141.5

142.2

143.7

142.4

143.3

144.0

143.9

144.1

144.6

145.3

145.8

146.1

145.6

117.3

117.3

117.7

113.7

116.8

117.4

117.3

119.8

119.4

120.3

120.6

120.4

121.1

126.1

126.7

127.2

127.3

127.6

128.0

128.3

128.1

128.7

128.9

129.0

129.3

129.2

127.2

127.4

128.9

127.5

127.5

128.4

128.3

127.6

128.6

128.8

128.7

129.4

128.7

141.9

142.7

145.0

143.3

143.8

145.0

143.8

144.1

144.3

145.2

145.8

146.6

145.3

167.5

169.0

170.8

170.4

171.4

172.2

172.0

172.4

172.7

174.0

175.1

175.0

174.6

81.5
85.4
102.3
137.8

100.5
83.5

138.3

106.4
70.5
81.3

84.9
102.7
137.7

80.4

84.9
103.4
138.3

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

102

102.8

99.7
106.2
69.0
79.1
84.5
101.9
138.7

82.5

98.3

104.7
68.9
77.2
81.5
102.0
140.3
101.5
85.5

98.0
104.7
67.1
76.6
79.7
102.1
140.7

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1990

1989
Industry

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

$9.83

$9.88

$9.92

Apr.p

Mayp

Average; hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining.
Construction
Manufacturing
Excludina overtime 3
Transoortation and Dublic utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

$9.60

$9.62

$9.69

$9.69

$9.74

$9.78

$9.78

$9.83

$9.95

$9.99

$13.32 $13.32 $13.42 $13.37 $13.39 $13.44 $13.52 $13.60 $13.34 $13.43 $13.47 $13.39 $13.55
10.61
10.57
10.55
10.55
10.52
10.48
10.42
10.71
10.55
10.45
10.65
10.73
10.83
10.11
10.08
10.08
10.05
10.01
9.97
10.15
9.99
10.10
10.21
10.34
10.26
10.33
12.57
12.61
12.61
12.68
12.67
12.54
12.71
12.54
12.79
12.82
12.93
12.86
12.93
10.39
10.44
10.54
10.54
10.47
10.28
10.59
10.33
10.57
10.62
10.75
10.65
10.70
6.57
6.54
6.61
6.61
6.58
6.49
6.65
6.52
6.69
6.71
6.76
6.75
6.78
9.57
9.77
9.66
9.68
9.79
9.67
9.45
9.75
9.53
9.78
9.82
9.90
9.90
9.49
9.62
9.54
9.58
9.43
9.46
9.33
9.34
9.62
9.70
9.65
9.78
9 78
4.77

4.77

4.79

4.80

4.81

4.81

4.79

4.80

4.74

4.74

4.75

4.76

Average weekly sarnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4

332.16 332.85 337.21 335.27 337.98 339.37 338.39 339.14 339.14 341.85 343.23 344.27 345.65
165.17 165.10 166.85 165.98 166.74 166.85 165.80 165.51 163.68 164.11 164.22 164.57

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

$376.74
389.05
447.44

$381.89
390.45
478.50

$376.53
382.40
424.35

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.4
41.3
41.7

40.8
41.1
41.9

40.4
40.0
36.9

$9.10
9.42
10.73

$9.36
9.50
11.42

$9.32
9.56
11.50

Alaska

47.5

45.4

46.5

11.66

12.41

12.90

553.85

563.41

599.85

Arizona

40.9

41.3

40.3

10.17

10.11

403.27

420.02

407.43

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

40.5
41.6
40.1
40.9
44.2

40.7
39.2
40.1
40.9
43.7

39.5
38.9
38.3
40.3
42.3

8.22
7.30
8.67
8.68
10.46

8.49
7.57
8.70
9.15
10.68

8.48
7.57
8.82
9.02
10.99

332.91
303.68
347.67
355.01
462.33

345.54
296.74
348.87
374.24
466.72

334.96
294.47
337.81
363.51
464.88

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

40.9
42.0
39.2
39.9
41.1
40.0
41.3
40.7
40.5
39.5
41.1
38.1
40.4
40.5
38.2
41.9
38.9

40.7
41.9
39.5
39.1
41.2
39.8
41.7
40.8
40.0
40.0
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.4
37.4
41.0
37.8

39.6
39.9
39.8
38.6
39.2
38.6
40.4
39.9
39.0
39.3
39.4
40.2
39.9
40.4
38.1
40.5
39.6

11.06
11.22
12.21
9.36
10.51
10.36
13.30
10.50
9.90
11.35
11.20
12.88
12.70
10.98
10.63
10.92
13.25

11.35
11.40
12.17
9.43
10.71
10.50
13.52
10.88
10.33
11.52
11.42
12.84
13.55
11.81
11.12
11.04
13.27

11.32
11.62
12.24
9.52
10.77
10.42
13.48
10.82
10.32
11.66
11.42
13.01
13.64
11.76
11.20
10.93
13.04

452.35
471.24
478.63
373.46
431.96
414.40
549.29
427.35
400.95
448.33
460.32
490.73
513.08
444.69
406.07
457.55
515.43

461.95
477.66
480.72
368.71
441.25
417.90
563.78
443.90
413.20
460.80
462.51
514.88
547.42
477.12
415.89
452.64
501.61

448.27
463.64
487.15
367.47
422.18
402.21
544.59
431.72
402.48
458.24
449.95
523.00
544.24
475.10
426.72
442.67
516.38

Colorado
Denver

40.1
40.0

40.9
40.0

41.1
40.7

10.43
11.59

10.78
12.18

10.70
12.20

418.24
463.60

440.90
487.20

439.77
496.54

Connecticut

42.2
42.3
42.4
42.7
40.9
43.1
42.7

42.7
42.1
42.9
42.0
41.6
41.3
41.8

41.3
39.6
41.4
39.7
39.4
40.5
40.2

11.15
11.49
11.93
11.64
10.79
11.83
9.85

11.39
11.99
12.29
12.14
10.87
12.28
10.46

11.37
12.14
12.34
12.09
10.80
11.81
10.23

470.53
486.03
505.83
497.03
441.31
509.87
420.60

486.35
504.78
527.24
509.88
452.19
507.16
437.23

469.58
480.74
510.88
479.97
425.52
478.31
411.25

Delaware
Wilmington

41.5
42.0

41.6
43.3

40.4
41.7

12.38
15.17

12.79
15.58

13.33
15.70

513.77
637.14

532.06
674.61

538.53
654.69

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

39.3

39.5

38.2

11.66

12.39

12.46

458.24

489.41

475.97

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

40.6
41.2
40.6
39.8
41.7
44.7
41.1
41.0

41.2
41.4
39.7
40.7
40.7
43.5
41.1
40.8

40.3
39.9
39.0
39.4
40.4
46.0
40.1
39.8

8.61
8.51
9.13
7.12
9.60
10.99
8.68
9.44

8.87
8.92
9.61
7.43
10.21
11.74
9.17
9.60

8.90
8.93
9.34
7.40
10.14
11.57
9.25
9.51

349.57
350.61
370.68
283.38
400.32
491.25
356.75
387.04

365.44
369.29
381.52
302.40
415.55
510.69
376.89
391.68

358.67
356.31
364.26
291.56
409.66
532.22
370.93
378.50

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

40.8
40.8
43.9

40.4
41.7
45.8

39.6
40.7
47.3

8.74
10.05
11.61

9.09
10.27
11.26

9.20
10.41
11.35

356.59
410.04
509.68

367.24
428.26
515.71

364.32
423.69
536.86

Hawaii
Honolulu

39.5
40.4

39.4
40.1

38.8
38.8

10.35
10.48

10.94
11.16

10.93
11.18

408.83
423.39

431.04
447.52

424.08
433.78

Idaho

39.0

38.6

38.7

10.03

10.33

10.33

391.17

398.74

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

See footnotes at end of table.

104



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet

Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

Apr.
1989

41.9
41.9
45.0
38.1
42.1
40.6
45.9
41.1
41.1
40.7
42.1
42.7
38.8

Mar.
1990

41.3
42.2
43.3
41.4
41.6
41.5
44.9
42.0
42.9
40.5
42.2
41.7
37.8

Apr.
1990P

40.9
40.9
43.1
41.5
40.5
40.1
44.4
41.7
42.3
40.6
40.8
39.5
37.7

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

$11.16
10.54
12.80
9.42
10.83
12.31
14.25
11.96
11.45
11.21
13.20
12.10
10.13

$11.33
10.67
12.67
9.79
11.14
13.30
14.53
12.89
11.80
11.61
13.71
12.26
10.05

$11.40
10.64
12.66

Indiana

9.87
11.13
13.28
14.68
13.06
11.59
11.61
13.87
12.35
9.83

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

$467.60
441.63
576.00
358.90
455.94
499.79
654.08
491.56
470.60
456.25
555.72
516.67
393.04

$467.93
450.27
548.61
405.31
463.42
551.95
652.40
541.38
506.22
470.21
578.56
511.24
379.89

$466.26
435.18
545.65
409.61
450.77
532.53
651.79
544.60
490.26
471.37
565.90
487.83
370.59

0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

40.8
38.8
42.6
39.7
37.8

40.7
38.9
40.9
40.0
38.6

38.9
36.6
39.3
38.3
39.8

10.63
12.02
12.08
11.61
8.50

11.22
13.17
12.45
11.92
8.72

11.22
13.34
12.04
12.09
8.92

433.70
466.38
514.61
460.92
321.30

456.65
512.31
509.21
476.80
336.59

436.46
488.24
473.17
463.05
355.02

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.9
43.4
42.0

40.1
40.9
40.9

39.7
40.5
40.5

10.60
12.01
11.42

10.84
11.86
11.98

10.84
12.15
11.97

433.54
521.23
479.64

434.68
485.07
489.98

430.35
492.08
484.79

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

40.6
40.7
41.2

40.2
41.4
41.1

39.2
40.0
40.8

10.38
10.58
11.86

10.58
10.94
12.10

10.66
11.08
12.28

421.43
430.61
488.63

425.32
452.92
497.31

417.87
443.20
501.02

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.0
43.9
40.8
39.4

42.8
44.3
42.5
41.0

41.9
43.1
42.0
37.5

11.16
13.08
10.73
10.92

11.64
13.51
11.22
11.79

11.90
13.70
11.36
12.84

468.72
574.21
437.78
430.25

498.19
598.49
476.85
483.39

498.61
590.47
477.12
481.50

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.2
39.2
39.6

40.9
39.4
38.8

39.6
36.3
38.7

9.69
8.11
10.22

10.44
9.13
10.54

10.62
9.16
10.50

389.54
317.91
404.71

427.00
359.72
408.95

420.55
332.51
406.35

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

40.9
40.9

40.5
40.8

39.7
40.2

11.14
11.44

11.52
11.92

11.53
11.98

455.63
467.90

466.56
486.34

457.74
481.60

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

40.6
40.3
41.8
41.2

40.7
40.5
41.4
41.2

40.4
40.4
41.0
41.0

10.73
11.58
10.27
10.58

11.18
11.86
10.61
11.00

11.27
11.94
10.77
10.98

435.64
466.67
429.29
435.90

455.03
480.33
439.25
453.20

455.31
482.38
441.57
450.18

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.5
43.8
44.6
44.5
44.2
40.8
43.5
42.2
42.4
40.9
44.3

42.0
44.5
42.4
43.1
41.6
40.5
41.1
41.6
38.2
41.1
43.3

40.6
43.1
41.5
41.1
41.5
39.8
39.5
40.6
37.3
39.5
42.6

13.53
14.82
14.43
14.58
16.77
11.54
10.49
13.21
14.69
12.33
15.39

13.70
14.80
14.21
14.74
17.20
11.87
10.75
13.47
15.48
12.21
15.74

13.72
14.69
14.55
14.86
17.04
11.82
10.36
13.73
14.92
12.15
15.51

588.55
649.12
643.58
648.81
741.23
470.83
456.31
557.46
622.86
504.30
681.78

575.40
658.60
602.50
635.29
715.52
480.73
441.82
560.35
591.34
501.83
681.54

557.03
633.14
603.82
610.75
707.16
470.44
409.22
557.44
556.52
479.92
660.73

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.3
39.8
40.5
39.4

40.0
40.0
40.2
40.8

39.3
39.6
39.4
39.8

10.87
11.56
11.40
10.10

11.20
12.07
11.77
9.85

11.29
12.58
11.79
9.97

438.06
460.09
461.70
397.94

448.00
482.80
473.15
401.88

443.70
498.17
464.53
396.81

Mississippi
Jackson

39.7
40.4

39.2
40.6

38.0
39.9

8.00
8.92

8.30
9.21

8.28
9.04

317.60
360.37

325.36
373.93

314.64
360.70

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

40.5
41.7
41.5
40.0

40.3
40.3
42.3
39.4

Montana

40.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

Average hourly earnings
Apr.

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

39.7
40.4
41.3
38.6

$10.43
11.65
12.36
8.94

$10.68

$10.76
11.44
12.81

38.0

38.6

10.90

11.33

40.4
39.2
40.8

39.6
39.2
40.1

38.6
39.4
39.6

9.47
10.33
10.29

Nevada
Las Vegas

41.1
42.6

40.8
42.7

39.7
41.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

41.2
40.6
41.7
41.0

41.2
42.1
40.4
42.1

New Jersey

41.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.3
39.2

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.2
40.9
41.6
42.1
42.0

39.9
41.7
40.8
41.7
40.4
(1)
40.1
37.4
37.0
40.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990?

9.19

$422.42
485.81
512.94
357.60

$430.40
452.97
538.06
364.06

$427.17
462.18
529.05
354.73

11.25

443.63

430.54

434.25

9.57
10.80
10.22

9.72
10.91
10.23

382.59
404.94
419.83

378.97
423.36
409.82

375.19
429.85
405.11

10.22
12.73

10.90
13.06

10.96
12.67

420.04
542.30

444.72
557.66

435.11
525.81

40.3
41.2
40.2
40.5

10.28
10.31
12.45
9.51

10.75
10.66
13.31
10.06

10.84
10.70
13.79
10.09

423.54
418.59
519.17
389.91

442.90
448.79
537.72
423.53

436.85
440.84
554.36
408.65

41.1

40.7

11.07

11.55

11.61

453.87

474.71

472.53

40.2
39.3

39.0
38.1

8.60
8.63

8.97
9.02

9.02
9.30

346.58
338.30

360.59
354.49

351.78
354.33

38.8
40.0

10.60
11.26
9.31
12.86

11.00
11.65

11.08
11.84

9.69
13.62
9.77
(1)
11.76
10.40
10.20
14.10

426.12
460.53
387.30
541.41
409.50
452.40
367.35
359.20
584.22
337.42
425.46
522.88
379.75
503.74
399.33
447.73

438.90
485.81
392.50
562.95
386.63
(1)
468.37
385.22
375.55
567.41
364.31
445.82
536.78
348.13
493.58
426.63
475.58

429.90
473.60
386.63
547.52
380.05
(1)
460.99
377.52
369.24
558.36
352.66
436.29
520.15
333.46
474.01
407.64
471.00

8.65
8.59
9.25
9.24

336.91
351.12
361.56
352.56
389.27

343.73
350.96
363.13
356.13
413.13

336.49
351.33
353.35
351.12
404.26

39.9
40.2
38.9
(1)
39.2
36.3
36.2
39.6

11.24
12.72
9.24

39.5

39.5
37.5

9.86
11.11

9.62
13.50
9.57
(1)
11.68
10.30
10.15
14.01
9.27
11.09
12.66
8.66
11.98
10.33
12.04

40.3
41.9
40.9
39.0
41.5

39.6
41.0
39.3
38.5
41.9

38.9
40.9
38.2
38.0
41.0

8.36
8.38
8.84
9.04
9.38

8.68
8.56
9.24
9.25
9.86

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.0
39.3

38.5
35.9

39.5
37.6

8.81
8.98

8.74

8.88
8.72

343.59
352.91

342.27
313.77

350.76
327.87

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.7
42.5
42.0
42.7
43.6
41.4
43.1
43.0
42.5

42.3
42.7
42.1
43.3
43.0
41.6
41.9
43.6
41.9

41.6
41.3
42.1
41.7
41.9
40.9
41.0
43.9
42.1

12.21
11.62
11.18
11.57
11.87
11.89
12.92
13.11
13.87

12.51
11.71
11.22
11.91
12.16
12.31
13.22
13.50
14.23

12.47
11.58
11.36
11.75
12.08
12.24
13.10
13.75
14.31

521.37
493.85
469.56
494.04
517.53
492.25
556.85
563.73
589.48

529.17
500.02
472.36
515.70
522.88
512.10
553.92
588.60
596.24

518.75
478.25
478.26

506.15
500.62
537.10
603.63
602.45

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

41.3
43.7
41.3

41.6
40.7
41.7

40.4
39.5
40.5

10.66
11.92
10.25

10.85
12.34
11.31

10.80
11.79
11.34

440.26
520.90
423.33

451.36
502.24
471.63

436.32
465.71
459.27

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

40.3
41.5
40.3
38.6

39.5
39.9
40.0
37.8

40.0
40.2
40.1
37.5

10.82
10.65
10.81
9.74

11.03
10.98
11.23
9.95

11.10
11.05
11.27
9.96

436.05
441.98
435.64
(375.96

435.69
438.10
449.20
376.11

444.00
444.21
451.93
373.50

See footnotes at end of table.

106




(1)
40.0
37.6
37.3

41.7
37.7
39.8
43.0

40.1
41.7
40.5
40.3

39.3
40.2
42.4
40.2
41.2
41.3

38.5
40.1
40.7
37.3
39.6

9.75
(1)
11.31

9.77
9.63
14.01
8.95
10.69
12.16

9.47
12.08

9.16
10.88
12.78
8.94
11.97
10.32
12.56

(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

40.9
40.2
39.8
44.3
42.1
40.9
39.3
40.4
40.6
42.1
40.3
38.5
41.6
40.8
40.8
41.4

40.5
39.9
39.0
43.3
44.2
40.3
38.0
40.4
40.2
41.6
41.1
39.1
42.7
39.9
39.4
41.4

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

39.6
40.2
39.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

Apr.
1990P

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990p

39.4
38.8
36.1
42.7
41.1
40.2
37.6
39.5
39.5
41.9
39.4
38.3
40.6
40.4
37.8
40.3

$10.58
10.53
9.19
10.50
11.22
10.51
8.02
10.58
11.63
11.21
11.14
9.12
11.57
9.06

$10.94
11.04

8.49
10.92
11.92
11.33
11.48
9.50
11.89

$10.93
10.91
9.72
10.92
11.37
11.04
8.48
10.88
11.95
11.40
11.35
9.50
11.68

9.51
10.06

9.60
9.57
10.43

39.7
39.5
39.3

39.4
39.2
39.0

9.00
8.41
8.51

41.4
39.8
41.1
40.8

41.0
40.2
41.9
41.3

40.7
40.1
41.8
41.3

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

42.6
45.1

40.4
45.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

40.8
41.1
41.4
39.9
42.6
41.6

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

9.50
10.37

$432.72
423.31
365.76
465.15
472.36
429.86
315.19
427.43
472.18
471.94
448.94
351.12
481.31
369.65
388.01
416.48

$443.07
440.50
368.94
476.30
504.32
447.33
322.62
441.17
479.18
471.33
471.83
371.45
507.70
383.04
377.06
431.80

$430.64
423.31
350.89
466.28
467.31
443.81
318.85
429.76
472.03
477.66
447.19
363.85
474.21
387.44
359.10
417.91

9.34
8.81
8.86

9.37
8.83
8.88

356.40
338.08
331.89

370.80
348.00
348.20

369.18
346.14
346.32

8.44
9.14
8.61
8.26

8.73
9.55
8.95
8.66

8.74
9.57
8.97
8.67

349.42
363.77
353.87
337.01

357.93
383.91
375.00
357.66

355.72
383.76
374.95
358.07

39.0
45.1

8.23
8.18

8.42
8.69

8.48
8.57

350.60
368.92

340.17
394.53

330.72
386.51

38.6
39.8
39.4
36.9
40.2
41.2

36.8
35.8
36.5
35.6
38.0
40.5

9.15
8.24
9.63
9.19
9.35
10.70

9.40
8.59
8.99
8.76
9.58
11.00

9.69
8.70
9.71
9.17
9.72
11.63

373.32
338.66
398.68
366.68
398.31
445.12

362.84
341.88
354.21
323.24
385.12
453.20

356.59
311.46
354.41
326.45
369.36
471.02

42.2
42.9
41.4
43.6
40.1

41.4
42.0
41.3
43.6
40.9

40.8
41.0
40.5
42.6
41.2

10.22
10.22
11.03
11.71
7.56

10.41
10.53
11.19
12.04
7.63

10.44
10.39
11.24
12.03
7.67

431.28
438.44
456.64
510.56
303.16

430.97
442.26
462.15
524.94
312.07

425.95
425.99
455.22
512.48
316.00

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.9
39.9

39.6
40.0

38.9
39.5

10.10
9.94

10.26
10.20

10.43
10.32

402.99
396.61

406.30
408.00

405.73
407.64

Vermont
Burlington

40.5
40.7

41.1
41.2

39.7
39.4

9.96
10.46

10.43
11.05

10.44
11.07

403.38
425.72

428.67
455.26

414.47
436.16

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.0
39.9
41.7
43.1
42.5
39.7
41.8
39.9

40.4
37.6
42.2
41.4
41.2
41.4
42.4
40.5

39.6
38.1
42.4
39.6
39.7
38.9
41.7
38.8

9.58
8.08
8.16
9.43
9.33
10.69
12.30
11.28

8.30
8.84
9.48
9.78
11.08
12.88
11.93

9.95
8.16

392.78
322.39
340.27
406.43
396.53
424.39
514.14
450.07

403.19
312.08
373.05
392.47
402.94
458.71
546.11
483.17

394.02
310.90
373.54
376.60
384.69
429.46
538.76
448.92

Washington

40.7

40.3

40.2

12.20

12.59

12.63

496.54

507.38

507.73

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.8
43.6
39.4
42.2
41.9

40.5
43.8
41.5
40.9
41.3

39.4
44.6
41.3
40.8
41.8

11.07
13.59
12.60
12.88
13.25

11.31
13.62
13.16
12.85
13.54

11.88
13.79
13.65
13.15
13.73

451.66
592.52
496.44
543.54
555.18

458.06
596.56
546.14
525.57
559.20

468.07
615.03
563.75
536.52
573.91

9.46
11.00
11.41
11.10

9.59

8.81
9.51

9.69
11.04
12.92
11.57

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit....
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.4
43.9
41.6
41.4
42.4
40.5
39.8
41.0
41.4
39.5
40.5
42.3

41.5
43.1
44.8
40.9
41.6
41.9
39.1
40.6
41.8
39.3
41.1
42.1

Wyoming

40.9

39.9

Puerto Rico

39.6

Virgin Islands

41.7

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p

108




Apr.
1990"

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

40.1
42.5
43.4
41.1
32.1
39.5
38.2
40.2
39.9
37.6
41.6
44.6

$10.75
11.59
10.75
11.39
13.28
12.43
9.41
10.06
11.58
10.78
10.30
10.33

$11.08
11.92
10.64
12.01
12.75
11.73
9.67
10.43
11.81
11.21
10.87
10.84

40.7

10.80

10.97

39.1

5.70

5.89

41.4

42.1

10.40

11.69

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

$11.01
11.83
11.54
12.09
11.70
11.64
9.70
10.39
11.58
11.24
10.93
11.27

$445.05
508.80
447.20
471.55
563.07
503.42
374.52
412.46
479.41
425.81
417.15
436.96

$459.82
513.75
476.67
491.21
530.40
491.49
378.10
423.46
493.66
440.55
446.76
456.36

$441.50
502.78
500.84
496.90
375.57
459.78
370.54
417.68
462.04
422.62
454.69
502.64

11.50

441.72

437.70

468.05

225.72

230.30

11.82

433.68

483.97

497.62

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1989
benchmarks, and industry detail are classified in accordance with the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual.

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers In nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total

Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

May 1989
to
May 1990p

Mar. 1990
to
Apr. 1990r

Apr. 1990
to
May 1990p

204,793

2.0

-0.7

0.5

168,395

168,158

1.8

-.2

-.1

1,687
10,834
41,237
24,435
16,802
12,029
12,569
29,768
12,890
47,691

1,708
10,360
40,693
24,020
16,673
12,025
12,608
30,051
13,045
47,905

1,710
10,400
41,314
24,490
16,824
12,071
12,541
29,736
12,832
47,553

8.6
1.9
-1.3
-1.8
-.6
3.1
2.4
1.4
1.9
4.2

1.2
-4.4
-1.3
-1.7
-.8
.0
.3

.1
.4

1.2
.4

-.5
-1.0
-1.6
-.7

36,377

35,300

36,636

2.7

-3.0

3.8

Mar.
1990r

Apr.
1990r

May
1990p

205,081

203,695

168,704

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
' = revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

1.0

1.5
2.0
.9
.4

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Annual average
Item

Quarterly index
1987

1988

1988

1990

1989

1989
IV

III

IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

113.0
140.0
123.9
200.2
102.5
177.1
170.9
174.9

114.2
144.8
126.8
211.2
103.2
184.9
175.8
181.7

111.7
134.4
120.3
191.8
101.6
171.6
168.9
170.7

112.5
136.7
121.5
195.1
102.5
173.5
167.2
171.3

113.2
138.2
122.1
196.4
102.3
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.6
139.3
123.8
199.1
102.6
176.9
168.8
174.1

113.4
140.7
124.0
201.9
102.8
178.0
171.8
175.8

113.5
141.9
125.0
204.5
103.0
180.2
173.7
177.9

113.8
143.6
126.2
206.9
102.8
181.9
174.7
179.4

114.2
144.4
126.4
210.4
103.0
184.1
176.3
181.4

114.7
145.6
127.0
212.8
103.5
185.6
176.5
182.4

114.8
145.7
127.0
215.7
103.9
187.9
175.8
183.7

114.1
146.1
128.0
218.2
103.0
191.1
176.8
186.1

111.1
140.3
126.3
198.7
101.8
178.8
172.2
176.5

112.1
145.0
129.4
209.5
102.4
186.9
176.5
183.3

109.5
134.1
122.4
190.5
101.0
173.9
170.3
172.6

110.2
136.4
123.7
193.8
101.8
175.8
168.7
173.4

111.0
138.0
124.3
195.0
101.5
175.7
170.3
173.8

110.5
139.5
126.2
197.5
101.8
178.7
169.8
175.6

111.5
141.1
126.6
200.2
101.9
179.6
172.1
177.0

112.0
142.8
127.5
203.0
102.3
181.3
176.3
179.6

111.6
143.6
128.6
205.5
102.1
184.1
174.6
180.8

111.9
144.6
129.2
208.3
102.0
186.1
176.5
182.8

112.6
145.9
129.6
211.0
102.6
187.4
177.6
184.0

112.7
146.0
129.5
214.1
103.1
189.9
177.3
185.6

112.0
146.4
130.8
216.3
102.2
193.2
177.3
187.7

136.0
137.6
101.2
196.0
100.4
144.1

138.7
141.6
102.1
204.3
99.9
147.3

134.2
131.1
97.7
190.4
100.9
141.8

134.5
133.3
99.1
191.7
100.6
142.5

135.1
134.7
99.7
194.3
101.2
143.8

136.0
136.7
100.5
195.3
100.6
143.6

137.3
138.8
101.1
197.4
100.5
143.7

137.8
140.3
101.8
200.2
100.8
145.2

138.6
141.4
102.0
201.9
100.3
145.6

139.5
142.2
101.9
203.2
99.5
145.6

139.0
141.7
102.0
206.1
100.3
148.3

140.1
141.2
100.8
209.6
101.0
149.7

141.8
141.8
100.1
211.4
99.9
149.2

143.4
145.6
101.5
192.6
98.7
134.4

146.9
150.0
102.1
200.4
97.9
136.5

141.0
136.4
96.7
188.9
100.1
134.0

141.8
139.8
98.6
189.8
99.7
133.9

142.7
141.6
99.2
192.6
100.3
134.9

143.8
144.5
100.5
192.4
99.1
133.8

145.0
147.0
101.4
193.9
98.7
133.8

145.8
149.1
102.3
196.9
99.2
135.1

146.4
150.0
102.4
198.8
98.8
135.7

148.4
151.0
101.7
199.6
97.8
134.5

148.3
150.4
101.4
202.7
98.6
136.7

148.4
148.8
100.2
206.3
99.4
139.0

150.1
149.2
99.4
207.5
98.0
138.2

125.0
125.8
100.6
201.8
103.4
161.4

126.6
129.1
102.0
211.2
103.2
166.8

124.4
123.1
99.0
193.3
102.5
155.4

123.7
123.5
99.8
195.2
102.5
157.8

124.0
124.4
100.4
197.5
102.9
159.3

124.4
124.9
100.4
200.5
103.3
161.2

125.8
126.6
100.6
203.4
103.5
161.6

125.8
127.1
101.0
205.7
103.6
163.4

126.9
128.6
101.3
207.2
103.0
163.3

126.4
129.1
102.2
209.7
102.7
165.9

125.4
128.8
102.8
212.4
103.3
169.4

127.8
130.0
101.7
215.7
103.9
168.8

129.5
130.8
101.0
218.7
103.3
168.9

114.7
143.5
125.1
194.1
99.4
174.6
169.3
190.3
128.8
169.1

114.8
147.1
128.2
204.0
99.7
183.8
177.8
201.7
113.9
175.5

113.0
136.9
121.1
186.9
99.1
170.8
165.3
186.9
129.3
165.8

113.5
138.9
122.4
189.5
99.5
172.1
167.0
187.2
122.0
166.1

114.6
141.2
123.2
190.9
99.4
171.9
166.6
187.8
127.0
166.5

114.7
142.8
124.5
193.1
99.5
173.6
168.4
188.9
129.1
168.2

115.1
144.3
125.4
195.5
99.5
175.2
169.9
191.0
127.5
169.5

114.9
145.4
126.5
197.8
99.6
177.5
172.1
193.3
131.6
172.0

114.5
145.8
127.4
200.2
99.5
180.4
174.9
196.9
119.6
173.1

114.5
146.5
128.0
202.8
99.3
182.9
177.1
200.1
116.6
175.0

115.3
148.1
128.4
205.5
99.9
184.6
178.1
203.9
113.5
176.1

115.2
148.1
128.6
208.5
100.4
187.3
181.0
205.7
106.1
177.5

114.6
148.2
129.4
210.4
99.4
189.6
183.7
207.0
105.7
179.5

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
r

= revised.

110




SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

III
1989

IV
1989

1990r

IV
1988

I
1989

1989

III
1989

IV
1989

1990r

.8
5.1
3.5
4.6

1.5
3.5
1.9
4.7
1.9
3.2
.4
2.2

0.4
.3
.0
5.6
1.5
5.2
-1.5
2.9

-2.1
1.1
3.4
4.7
-3.2
7.0
2.4
5.4

0.9
3.8
2.9
4.8
.5
3.9
3.9
3.9

0.5
3.9
3.3
5.4
.6
4.8
3.4
4.3

1.5
3.6
2.1
5.6
.4
4.1
4.4
4.2

1.1
3.5
2.4
5.4
.7
4.2
2.7
3.7

1.1
2.7
1.6
5.5
.9
4.3
1.2
3.2

0.3
1.8
1.5
5.4
.2
5.1
1.2
3.8

-1.3
2.4
3.7
4.9
-.5
6.2
-3.7
2.8

1.1
2.8
1.7
5.6
-.4
4.5
4.2
4.4

2.4
3.7
1.3
5.3
2.4
2.8
2.5
2.7

.5
.3
-.2
6.0
1.9
5.5
-.6
3.4

-2.7
1.0
3.9
4.1

.6
4.1
3.5
5.4
.6
4.8
2.6
4.0

1.3
3.7
2.4
5.5
.3
4.1
3.9
4.1

1.0
3.4
2.4
5.4
.7
4.4
3.2
4.0

.7
2.3
1.6
5.5

-3.7
7.0
-.1
4.6

1.6
4.7
3.0
4.8
.5
3.1
4.5
3.6

.3
1.9
1.7
5.3
.0
5.0
1.5
3.8

1.5
4.4
2.9
5.7
1.4
4.2

2.4
3.1
.7
3.5
-1.9
1.1

2.6
2.4
-.2
2.7
-3.2
.0

-1.6
-1.4
.1
5.9
3.0
7.6

3.1
-1.3
-4.3
7.0

4.9
1.7
-3.0
3.5
-4.2
-1.3

2.5
5.3
2.7
4.4
.2
1.9

2.6
4.9
2.3
3.9
-.8
1.3

2.6
4.1
1.4
4.0
-1.1
1.4

1.2
2.1
.9
4.4
-.2
3.2

2.2
6.0
3.8
6.3
1.9
4.1

1.9
2.2
.3
3.8

5.4
2.8
-2.5

1.9

6.8

6.8

4.6
1.2
-3.2
2.2
-5.4
-2.2

2.8
6.6
3.7
3.8
-.5
.9

2.6
5.9
3.2
3.2
-1.5
.6

-1.4
.5

2.3
2.3
.0
4.5
-.1
2.2

1.8
-.2
-2.0

-4.1
-3.6

.5
-4.1
-4.6
7.3
3.2

3.2
4.5
1.2

-1.5

-.4
-1.7
-1.3
6.4
3.4

.1
1.7
1.6
4.6
.3
4.5

3.3
4.7
1.4
2.9
-2.4
-.3

-1.5
1.8
3.3
4.9
-1.1
6.5

-3.2
-1.0
2.3
5.4
2.5
8.9

8.0
3.7
-4.0
6.4
2.3

5.5
2.5
-2.8
5.6
-2.2
.2

1.7
2.9
1.2
5.4
1.0
3.6

2.3
3.4
1.0
4.9
.1
2.5

1.6
3.4
1.8
4.6
-.6
2.9

-.4
1.8
2.1
4.5
-.2
4.8

1.5
2.3

-.4
3.2
3.6
4.8
.5
5.2
5.3
4.9
13.3
5.9

-1.7
1.0
2.7
4.9
-.5
6.9
6.6
7.5
-31.7
2.8

.1
2.0
1.8
5.4
-.6
5.7
5.3
6.7
-9.7
4.3

3.0
4.3
1.2
5.4
2.5
3.8
2.3
7.7
-10.3
2.6

-2.1
.3
2.4
3.8
-4.0
5.0
6.0
2.5
-1.5
4.5

1.3
4.7
3.4
4.4
.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
7.9
3.5

-.1
3.2
3.4
4.9
.1

-.2
2.6
2.8
5.0
-.2
5.4
5.2
5.9
-9.7
4.0

.2
2.6
2.3
5.1
.4
5.4

IV
1988

1989

1989

0.2
3.4
3.2
5.2
.8
5.0
4.6
4.8

1.1
4.8
3.7
4.8
-.6
3.7
2.4
3.3

1.6
2.3

1.9
4.8
2.8
5.9
1.5
3.8
10.1
5.9

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

.6
6.8

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

.8
4.8
.6
3.3

Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

2.8
3.7

2.2
.3
-1.9
4.7
-.5
2.4

1.6
.7
-.9

4.7
.1
3.1

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

1.7

3.8

2.5
-.5
-2.9
4.4
-.8
1.8

4.8
.2
2.9

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-1.5

.7
4.9
.3
3.3

2.1
1.7
-.3
5.6
.3
3.4

.2
1.8
1.6
5.4
.8
5.5
5.2
6.4
-19.4
3.2

1.7
1.6
5.1
-.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
-11.6
3.7

Nonfinanciai corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
' = revised.




-.6
.2
.9
6.0
1.9
5.8

6.6
3.7
-23.6
3.3

5.0
5.0
4.9
-5.8
4.0

4.9
6.7
-11.0
3.9

.1

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

Ill

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

1,894.4
440.7
132.0
212.5
138.2
71.6

1,896.2
439.9
133.3
208.3
138.3
71.8

1,904.8
442.1
133.8
211.3
139.9
72.9

129.4
25.4
6.2
18.6
8.1
3.7

131.7
24.6
6.2
13.9
8.0
2.9

248.1

252.1

251.6

17.5

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,715.0
1,065.6
319.8

1,697.1
1,051.3
307.9

1,714.6
1,063.2
314.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,123.2
62.3
92.8
264.8
37.6

1,131.4
64.4
92.4
269.2
37.2

14,238.4
1,403.5
231.1
303.7
4,131.1
158.1
1,097.3
363.4
996.5
719.8
1,151.3
872.2
836.3
181.0
196.1
197.7
191.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

Connecticut

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

118.9
22.6
6.0
14.4
8.2
3.1

6.8
5.8
4.7
8.7
5.9
5.1

6.9
5.6
4.6
6.7
5.8
4.1

6.2
5.1
4.5
6.8
5.9
4.3

19.9

19.9

7.1

7.9

7.9

90.7
46.4
14.8

85.8
44.3
12.2

86.9
43.9
12.4

5.3
4.4
4.6

5.1
4.2
4.0

5.1
4.1
4.0

1,140.4
65.0
92.2
270.2
37.6

88.7
2.5
7.4
18.2
3.2

83.3
2.3
7.2
16.0
3.0

72.3
2.0
5.6
14.7
2.9

7.9
4.0
8.0
6.9
8.4

7.4
3.6
7.8
5.9
8.1

6.3
3.1
6.1
5.4
7.6

14,545.3
1,385.9
228.6
298.7
4,437.0
154.5
1,103.9
365.9
1,032.2
725.1
1,178.4
874.2
815.9
179.3
204.5
189.0
193.6

14,600.1
1,388.9
232.9
311.5
4,403.0
158.0
1,111.7
369.7
1,040.4
729.7
1,186.6
878.5
813.6
180.9
207.0
194.4
197.2

729.7
41.2
24.7
33.2
178.7
21.1
47.6
16.2
54.6
37.2
44.9
29.6
33.2
7.5
9.1
20.0
10.6

765.9
35.2
25.9
35.5
262.0
18.0
38.4
14.7
52.6
31.4
41.1
24.6
27.7
7.7
7.9
18.0
9.4

768.9
41.0
24.0
33.7
239.0
19.2
42.8
16.1
59.7
32.5
46.1
27.5
30.4
7.6
8.5
18.9
9.9

5.1
2,9
10,7
109
43
13,3
43
45
55
52
39
34
40
41
47
101
55

5.3
2.5
11.3
11.9
5.9
11.7
3.5
4.0
5.1
4.3
3.5
2.8
3.4
4.3
3.9
9.5
4.8

5.3
3.0
10.3
10.8
5.4
12.1
3.8
4.3
5.7
4.5
3.9
3.1
3.7
4.2
4.1
9.7
5.0

1,674.0
132.5
857.5

1,710.5
135.6
871.0

1,725.6
136.0
874.8

108.3
6.6
49.8

93.6
5.5
43.7

91.2
5.0
40.2

65
50
58

5.5
4.1
5.0

5.3
3.7
4.6

1,767.8
232.0
430.1
74.4
278.4
114.5
103.1

1,776.9
230.2
434.3
75.1
278.6
113.8
104.5

1,782.8
230.3
434.0
76.3
280.6
114.3
105.0

56.4
9.6
12.1
2.7
8.2
2.7
4.2

93.0
15.0
19.9
4.7
14.0
3.8
7.9

91.6
14.7
19.4
4.6
14.0
4.0
8.1

32
41
28
37
29
23
41

5.2
6.5
4.6
6.3
5.0
3.4
7.6

5.1
6.4
4.5
6.0
5.0
3.5
7.8

358.3
311.3

362.3
316.0

359.9
313.4

11.3
9.9

16.0
13.5

14.3
12.6

31
32

4.4
4.3

4.0
4.0

District of Columbia
Washington

312.1
2,197.9

304.4
2,222.0

299.4
2,205.3

16.7
57.3

17.0
58.2

17.4
55.8

53
26

5.6
2.6

5.8
2.5

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ....

6,153.4
156.5
644.7
145.9
105.9
449.2
177.5
186.5
936.1
600.2
146.4
122.5
130.9
992.3
417.2

6,345.4
158.2
669.2
155.9
107.8
454.7
183.5
192.0
956.7
617.9
146.2
125.9
134.0
1,016.2
434.7

6,297.4
156.1
657.7
153.9
106.8
451.0
183.5
191.3
947.8
620.7
145.7
124.6
134.4
1,005.7
431.2

316.5
8.7
31.4
5.6
3.2
24.6
11.7
9.1
57.5
27.5
9.0
4.4
4.8
46.9
21.4

316.3
7.7
30.4
5.0
2.9
22.9
15.9
9.2
52.4
27.4
7.2
4.3
4.7
44.3
23.0

347.2
8.5
33.6
6.2
3.9
23.5
17.9
10.6
57.7
31.2
8.0
5.2
5.1
48.0
24.4

51
56
49
38
31
55
66
49
61
46
62
36
37
47
51

5.0
4.9
4.5
3.2
2.7
5.0
8.7
4.8
5.5
4.4
4.9
3.4
3.5
4.4
5.3

5.5
5.4
5.1
4.0
3.6
5.2
9.8
5.5
6.1
5.0
5.5
4.2
3.8
4.8
5.7

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

112



STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

3,144.9
52.5
76.7
1,493.1
187.2
97.5
130.5
112.0

3,220.6
52.4
78.2
1,529.9
186.4
96.9
132.9
114.2

3,188.5
52.2
78.2
1,513.8
187.1
96.3
131.6
113.0

173.3
4.0
3.1
77.8
10.1
5.4
6.1
6.0

153.5
3.2
3.0
66.7
6.9
5.1
6.1
5.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

521.1
382.0

534.8
394.8

537.7
395.2

14.1
9.0

Idaho
Boise City

484.7
113.6

499.7
120.4

501.2
117.5

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford...
Springfield

5,970.4
181.9
73.7
92.2
3,266.4
183.2
61.1
207.2
46.0
294.2
163.1
155.3
112.9

5,948.4
181.2
73.6
91.1
3,277.6
179.8
59.5
205.4
46.0
294.1
160.9
152.7
112.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,879.5
60.3
61.3
100.0
146.3
205.6
260.7
690.9
48.6
70.0
61.5
132.5
62.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

149.3
3.2
3.0
67.1
7.3
5.4
5.4
4.9

5.5
7.6
4.1
5.2
5.4
5.6
4.7
5.4

4.8
6.0
3.9
4.4
3.7
5.2
4.6
4.5

4.7
6.1
3.8
4.4
3.9
5.6
4.1
4.3

16.0
11.0

13.9
8.8

2.7
2.4

3.0
2.8

2.6
2.2

25.3
3.7

33.4
4.7

32.9
4.4

5.2
3.2

6.7
3.9

6.6
3.8

6,038.8
184.1
74.7
91.8
3,318.8
181.9
60.3
207.8
46.8
298.7
163.0
155.7
113.3

338.2
8.7
3.4
3.6
171.6
10.8
4.2
12.5
3.6
10.4
9.0
8.8
5.0

353.9
10.8
3.0
3.3
182.8
10.8
4.0
13.8
3.3
11.2
9.3
9.1
4.8

376.4
10.8
3.1
3.3
198.7
10.7
4.3
14.1
3.6
11.6
9.9
9.6
5.0

5.7
4.8
4.6
3.9
5.3
5.9
6.9
6.0
7.9
3.5
5.5
5.7
4.4

5.9
5.9
4.1
3.6
5.6
6.0
6.7
6.7
7.3
3.8
5.8
6.0
4.3

6.2
5.9
4.2
3.6
6.0
5.9
7.1
6.8
7.7
3.9
6.1
6.2
4.4

2,830.7
59.1
60.5
96.8
145.1
203.7
258.4
675.7
47.1
70.3
60.2
135.2
59.7

2,855.5
58.9
62.1
96.7
146.3
204.3
259.6
680.5
47.6
71.1
60.8
135.0
60.9

119.9
2.5
1.6
3.4
7.0
7.5
12.7
23.9
2.3
1.7
2.7
5.2
2.9

175.1
4.1
2.3
5.3
9.8
12.0
17.7
30.0
2.9
2.4
3.7
9.3
3.6

156.8
3.5
2.7
4.4
8.5
10.7
17.1
27.5
2.8
2.2
3.4
7.6
3.2

4.2
4.2
2.6
3.4
4.8
3.6
4.9
3.5
4.8
2.5
4.4
3.9
4.6

6.2
7.0
3.8
5.5
6.7
5.9
6.8
4.4
6.2
3.4
6.1
6.9
6.0

5.5
5.9
4.4
4.6
5.8
5.3
6.6
4.0
5.9
3.1
5.6
5.7
5.2

1,513.5
97.7
234.4
45.0
63.3
60.7
72.7

1,497.1
98.2
233.7
44.2
62.8
59.8
71.9

1,508.1
97.9
233.9
44.6
63.2
59.5
72.8

60.7
3.3
8.3
2.4
.8
2.4
3.6

72.9
5.9
8.0
2.6
1.1
2.4
3.8

63.9
5.8
7.6
2.8
.9
2.5
3.6

4.0
3.4
3.5
5.3
1.3
4.0
5.0

4.9
6.0
3.4
5.9
1.7
4.0
5.3

4.2
5.9
3.2
6.4
1.5
4.1
4.9

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,281.0
42.6
92.6
253.1

1,295.3
43.8
92.9
254.8

1,297.3
44.3
92.5
254.2

48.1
1.1
3.4
9.8

51.7
1.5
3.8
10.3

48.4
1.2
3.4
9.9

3.8
2.7
3.7
3.9

4.0
3.4
4.1
4.0

3.7
2.8
3.7
3.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,724.5
197.9
513.1
44.7

1,764.2
201.5
520.3
45.4

1,774.9
205.0
521.8
45.8

111.6
7.9
26.3
2.7

111.7
7.7
28.0
2.7

109.0
7.9
26.4
2.8

6.5
4.0
5.1
6.0

6.3
3.8
5.4
6.0

6.1
3.9
5.1
6.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,913.4
60.3
273.3
69.5
100.5
76.1
68.8
597.4
159.6

1,848.7
56.6
268.1
67.7
97.2
74.4
66.7
575.8
154.1

1,861.6
56.9
269.9
68.6
98.4
75.0
67.4
578.1
154.5

160.6
5.0
18.4
6.2
7.3
6.2
5.5
44.3
13.9

125.3
3.9
15.3
4.4
5.4
5.3
4.2
35.0
10.7

108.8
3.4
13.8
4.0
4.4
4.3
3.5
31.0
9.3

8.4
8.3
6.7
8.9
7.2
8.2
8.0
7.4
8.7

6.8
6.9
5.7
6.4
5.6
7.1
6.3
6.1
7.0

5.8
5.9
5.1
5.8
4.5
5.7
5.2
5.4
6.0

603.8
42.0
127.4

620.9
43.3
131.4

616.5
42.6
130.3

27.1
2.1
3.0

36.2
3.3
5.2

28.1
2.4
3.7

4.5
5.1
2.3

5.8
7.6
4.0

4.6
5.5
2.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Apr.
1990P

See footnotes at end of table.




113

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Maryland
Baltimore

2,496.3
1,195.5

2,553.3
1,218.2

2,518.7
1,201.2

91.9
47.9

84.7
43.7

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,196.4
1,583.7
100.9
77.5
49.2
189.6
155.5
87.4
40.7
257.9
223.5

3,165.9
1,562.4
100.9
80.8
48.1
193.0
152.2
87.3
40.6
255.9
222.4

3,160.4
1,559.1
100.8
79.3
48.4
192.8
152.3
86.9
41.1
254.5
222.1

118.5
49.5
4.4
4.5
2.4
9.1
6.3
4.9
2.1
9.5
8.0

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids

4,473.2
159.0
63.6
77.6
2,142.4
179.5
359.4
63.5
116.9
236.7
66.0
177.9

4,489.0
161.6
64.7
77.0
2,126.5
178.6
366.8
64.2
117.9
237.8
66.6
180.7

4,447.4
160.0
63.9
76.2
2,103.9
175.8
364.0
63.6
116.9
233.8
66.3
179.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,288.3
106.6
1,358.4
60.4
98.0

2,354.7
111.1
1,399.2
63.2
103.8

Mississippi
Jackson

1,151.5
198.8

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

84.2
43.8

3.7
4.0

3.3
3.6

3.3
3.6

188.2
76.2
7.2
8.8
3.8
13.7
10.2
8.8
2.7
14.4
13.7

173.1
72.0
6.6
7.4
3.6
12.5
9.6
7.5
2.5
13.5
12.5

3.7
3.1
4.4
5.8
4.9
4.8
4.0
5.6
5.2
3.7
3.6

5.9
4.9
7.1
10.9
7.8
7.1
6.7
10.0
6.6
5.6
6.1

5.5
4.6
6.6
9.4
7.4
6.5
6.3
8.7
6.0
5.3
5.6

275.8
4.9
3.8
4.8
127.3
15.9
16.2
3.8
5.1
11.2
5.2
11.0

340.5
7.2
5.4
6.0
154.9
15.8
21.5
5.2
6.6
13.1
6.3
13.8

311.0
6.1
4.9
5.2
143.9
14.4
20.3
4.9
6.0
11.9
6.2
12.5

6.2
3.1
6.0
6.2
5.9
8.9
4.5
6.0
4.3
4.7
7.8
6.2

7.6
4.4
8.3
7.8
7.3
8.9
5.9
8.0
5.6
5.5
9.5
7.7

7.0
3.8
7.7
6.8
6.8
8.2
5.6
7.7
5.1
5.1
9.4
7.0

2,329.3
109.9
1,388.6
61.8
102.5

114.7
7.2
55.2
1.9
6.1

127.1
7.4
60.4
2.2
7.0

125.7
7.9
62.4
2.2
6.6

5.0
6.8
4.1
3.2
6.2

5.4
6.7
4.3
3.5
6.7

5.4
7.2
4.5
3.6
6.4

1,176.1
205.6

1,178.6
207.5

88.0
10.4

85.1
9.8

78.5
9.6

7.6
5.2

7.2
4.8

6.7
4.6

2,613.3
846.7
1,269.2
126.4

2,607.2
856.3
1,258.7
126.4

2,653.4
863.1
1,279.8
128.7

132.3
39.7
64.8
5.2

151.2
39.1
73.2
5.4

124.2
34.9
65.3
4.5

5.1
4.7
5.1
4.1

5.8
4.6
5.8
4.2

4.7
4.0
5.1
3.5

Montana

401.6

412.2

409.8

23.3

24.7

22.7

5.8

6.0

5.5

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

809.9
125.3
330.8

837.5
129.2
333.8

837.8
129.0
334.1

23.8
3.0
10.8

23.4
2.7
10.2

20.3
2.6
9.4

2.9
2.4
3.3

2.8
2.1
3.1

2.4
2.0
2.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

600.9
358.3
137.3

618.7
374.2
136.8

617.4
373.7
136.2

28.6
17.2
6.1

30.4
17.4
6.9

29.3
17.8
6.3

4.8
4.8
4.4

4.9
4.6
5.1

4.8
4.8
4.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
...
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

594.7
85.0
97.5
131.8

622.5
88.0
99.2
128.7

619.5
88.2
98.8
127.7

19.3
2.4
3.2
3.0

33.1
4.6
5.3
5.1

30.5
4.1
5.1
4.4

3.2
2.9
3.3
2.3

5.3
5.2
5.4
3.9

4.9
4.6
5.1
3.5

3,942.4
171.1
702.8
269.4
563.5
473.9
949.1
170.2
57.6

4,048.2
177.6
721.7
277.6
576.3
485.3
982.4
174.3
59.8

3,976.4
177.2
706.9
272.4
566.1
479.0
963.1
171.3
58.9

139.4
8.4
22.6
15.8
13.5
14.7
35.5
4.6
3.8

199.0
11.3
32.8
21.2
20.7
22.5
50.8
6.8
5.2

176.7
9.6
29.1
19.0
18.9
20.3
45.4
6.0
4.3

3.5
4.9
3.2
5.9
2.4
3.1
3.7
2.7
6.6

4.9
6.3
4.5
7.6
3.6
4.6
5.2
3.9
8.7

4.4
5.4
4.1
7.0
3.3
4.2
4.7
3.5
7.4

693.2
265.0
56.7
65.3

699.7
264.2
59.3
67.5

701.5
264.1
59.6
67.9

48.3
14.2
3.9
2.7

45.7
13.2
4.3
2.4

46.4
14.5
4.3
2.4

7.0
5.4
6.8
4.2

6.5
5.0
7.3
3.6

6.6
5.5
7.2
3.5

Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces

„

Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

114




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,652.5
434.9
127.4
465.9
43.5
54.3
1,437.0
3,947.9
3,267.7
138.0
129.8
512.8
322.9
139.2

8,599.5
433.4
122.8
457.6
43.7
54.3
1,403.7
3,987.9
3,318.0
134.8
126.8
500.7
317.1
135.5

8,581.3
435.5
122.3
458.2
43.8
52.3
1,409.9
3,945.2
3,272.0
135.9
127.2
505.1
319.4
136.3

483.2
20.7
7.1
30.6
2.1
4.1
61.8
224.2
196.5
7.4
5.0
24.0
18.2
9.3

458.5
17.3
5.9
22.9
2.1
3.6
49.8
247.8
227.0
6.3
3.8
20.7
14.3
7.1

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,382.9
89.8
642.4
524.5
417.6

3,365.2
92.0
647.9
513.4
418.8

3,366.7
92.2
645.3
509.2
417.0

137.5
3.0
23.2
19.4
11.2

326.6
47.2
86.5
36.3

322.2
46.7
87.2
36.0

325.4
47.1
87.7
36.4

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,333.2
328.8
190.9
766.3
933.2
718.8
471.9
314.1
220.8

5,353.0
330.6
190.3
777.2
936.8
722.8
475.1
314.3
221.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,498.3
27.4
47.7
494.8
332.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

1990P

410.9
15.3
5.4
22.0
1.9
3.1
49.7
214.9
194.0
6.0
3.6
18.8
12.8
6.3

5.6
4.8
5.6
6.6
4.9
7.6
4.3
5.7
6.0
5.4
3.8
4.7
5.6
6.7

5.3
4.0
4.8
5.0
4.7
6.7
3.5
6.2
6.8
4.6
3.0
4.1
4.5
5.3

4.8
3.5
4.4
4.8
4.3
6.0
3.5
5.4
5.9
4.4
2.8
3.7
4.0
4.6

120.6
2.7
19.8
17.1
9.0

120.1
2.7
19.2
16.9
9.0

4.1
3.4
3.6
3.7
2.7

3.6
2.9
3.0
3.3
2.1

3.6
2.9
3.0
3.3
2.2

13.8
1.8
2.6
1.4

16.5
2.4
3.0
1.4

13.1
1.7
2.8
1.3

4.2
3.7
3.1
3.8

5.1
5.1
3.5
3.8

4.0
3.6
3.2
3.6

5,373.0
332.3
192.5
780.6
939.7
726.0
474.1
315.1
221.8

267.5
16.4
10.8
30.8
40.6
30.9
21.1
16.6
13.5

318.2
18.4
12.9
32.7
46.7
33.8
26.5
22.0
16.3

301.7
17.4
12.6
31.5
44.9
31.2
24.3
20.4
15.2

5.0
5.0
5.6
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.5
5.3
6.1

5.9
5.6
6.8
4.2
5.0
5.6
7.0
7.4

5.6
5.2
6.5
4.0
4.8
4.3
5.1
6.5
6.9

1,530.3
27.5
48.6
505.0
343.8

1,522.0
27.4
48.3
501.8
343.2

86.4
1.2
2.4
24.2
19.7

83.2
1.2
2.8
22.0
19.3

76.0
1.1
2.7
20.6
17.7

5.8
4.5
5.0
4.9
5.9

5.4
4.5
5.7

5.0
4.0
5.6

4.4

4.1
5.2

1,481.6
148.2
680.5
137.2

1,425.7
144.9
655.7
129.7

1,451.0
147.8
667.9
132.3

86.9

80.7
8.2
26.9
7.5

71.5
7.4
24.5
6.8

5.9

5.7

5.3
4.5
6.4

5.6
4.1

5,812.6
326.6
59.4
58.8
131.6
326.9
93.8
222.3
2,422.3
973.8
175.3
358.5
50.7
65.3
59.6
221.2

5,915.3
333.0
60.3
59.3
134.9
334.6
96.6
225.3
2,436.1
996.2
179.8
369.7
51.6
68.1
61.8
226.2

5,877.9
330.6
61.0
59.2
133.0
333.1
95.2
224.0
2,411.2
989.0
179.0
367.5
52.1
68.1
61.7
224.3

235.0
12.4
3.4

316.2
18.5

315.5
18.4
4.6

4.0
3.8

5.3
5.6
6.9

4.8
7.2

7.0
4.9
3.0
6.0
2.6
3.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
3.8

523.8
166.5
344.0

523.4
168.8
343.3

1,680.3
226.8
237.5
334.9
359.0
39.1
74.2

Apr.
1990P

7.9

30.3
8.8

Apr.
1990P

5.6

4.7

5.6

5.8

Apr.

4.9
5.0
3.7
5.2
5.4
5.6

4.1
6.4

4.1
4.9
7.8

10.0

13.5

13.1

5.6
5.7

7.8
8.7

7.5
8.4

82.0
41.9

107.4
50.1

108.2
48.8

6.7

9.2

9.6

16.8

25.2

24.6

1.9
2.3
3.4

2.6
3.5
4.3

3.2
3.2
4.3

7.5

11.7

10.9

5.7
3.4

524.8
167.5
344.5

20.5

42.9
14.9
26.5

37.3
12.6
23.5

3.9
4.4
3.8

8.2
8.8

13.0

7.7

7.1
7.5
6.8

1,715.3
230.6
237.6
343.8

1,703.3
230.3
235.4
341.7

72.4

73.8

8.1
8.2

7.0

11.3

7.2
12.4

68.6
6.7
7.3
11.6

4.3
3.6
3.5
3.4

4.3
3.0
3.0
3.6

4.0
2.9
3.1
3.4

352.5
39.1
74.3

361.3
39.8
74.6

14.2

14.2

1.6
2.4

1.5
2.4

13.2
1.6
2.2

4.0
4.1
3.3

4.0
3.7

3.7
4.1
2.9

7.3

3.5

8.3
5.8
4.0
8.1
3.8
4.4
5.0
5.1
6.8
5.1
5.1
7.0

5.2

3.2

7.5
8.0
5.4
3.9
7.8
3.7
4.5
4.9
5.4
6.7
6.2
4.7
7.1
4.8

See footnotes at end of table.




115

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,341.4
209.4
214.8
285.1
461.5
526.9

2,370.7
207.3
218.0
284.2
463.8
526.2

2,371.5
207.2
218.3
284.6
466.9
525.6

116.6
12.3
9.3
15.1
21.4
19.5

120.5
9.4
9.8
15.6

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,359.9

8,346.5

8,386.2

52.8

51.5

97.1
431.3
162.7

94.8
428.9
159.9
84.5
106.6
62.1
157.6
1,428.4

51.5
96.1
430.0
162.1

581.2
3.7
5.7
24.0

472.5
2.6
4.8
17.5

106.4
62.5
159.6
1,434.4

250.1

250.8

721.8
108.2
1,668.1
97.7

723.9
109.5

15.7
6.0
12.0
2.8
14.2
80.5
25.0
40.2
8.0
101.1
7.7
6.8
7.4
5.6
26.7
3.0
4.4
2.6
45.0
3.1
4.6
5.3
2.3
5.3
3.3

11.0
4.3
11.7
2.0
9.3
63.9
23.7
32.3
6.9
76.2
6.2
6.2
4.9
4.3
36.6
2.5
3.0
2.4
36.0
2.3
3.3
3.9
1.6
4.4
2.8

85.2

103.1
61.8

159.3
1,432.2
245.6

714.9
110.8
1,653.5

96.1
51.5
79.9
112.8
158.5

49.4
52.1
45.7
612.9
47.2
57.6
75.6
35.7
92.8

85.6

53.6

1,673.6
98.3
53.4

79.6

79.5

113.3

113.6

168.2
48.5
50.8

165.5
48.6
50.5
44.2

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

20.9
19.2

Apr.
1990p

116.5
9.0
9.0
14.7
20.3
19.8

499.2
2.8
4.7
18.9
11.9
4.4

11.4
2.1
10.0
69.8
25.5
34.7
7.7
82.1
6.5

5.9
5.2
4.8
32.2
2.5
3.2
2.6
42.9
2.4
3.4
4.2
1.6
4.8
3.0

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990P

5.0
5.9
4.3
5.3
4.6
3.7

5.1
4.5
4.5
5.5
4.5
3.7

4.9
4.4
4.1
5.2
4.4
3.8

7.0
(5.9
5.9
5.6
9.6
7.1

5.7
5.1
5.1
4.1
6.9
5.1
10.9
3.2
5.9
4.5
9.5
4.5
6.4
4.6
6.4

6.0
5.5
4.9
4.4
7.4
5.1

7.3
6.6
7.9
7.0
6.6
5.7
5.9

11.5
6.2
3.8
21.7
5.1
6.0
5.5
6.0
4.9
5.8
5.3
4.4
4.7
5.1

10.8
3.3
6.3
4.9
10.2
4.8
7.0
4.9
6.7
11.1
6.5
4.2
19.5
5.2
6.2
5.8
7.0
5.1
5.8
5.6
4.6
5.1
5.3

11.6

4.5
8.9
15.6
10.2

5.6
7.2
(3.1

8.0
13.1

9.3
!5.0
16.8

6.0
8.5

56.1

44.1
603.4
46.7
57.4
74.2
35.7
93.1
56.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

777.5
109.0
506.7

791.6
114.6
510.7

787.3
114.0
505.1

43.8
5.3

41.4
4.9

27.1

25.1

41.3
4.6
24.7

!5.6
4.9
5.4

5.2
4.2
4.9

5.2
4.0
4.9

Vermont
Burlington

303.1
78.3

311.4
79.8

310.0
81.4

12.0
1.8

15.5
2.6

14.0
2.2

4.0
2.4

5.0
3.2

4.5
2.7

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ...
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,136.2
69.9
51.9
73.4

3,129.8
75.4

3,145.1
75.2
51.7

108.4

122.4

51.6
73.3
609.2
449.9
120.5

4.1

123.2
2.4
3.2
3.2
25.1
16.3
4.1

105.8
1.5
3.0
3.1
24.4
13.9
2.7

3.5
2.3
6.0
3.5
4.2
3.4
3.3

3.9
3.2
6.2
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.4

3.4
2.0
5.9
4.2
4.0
3.1
2.3

Washington
Seattle

2,433.9
1,094.4

2,548.4
1,156.6

2,538.3
1,147.7

150.0
50.6

146.6
45.3

133.2
43.3

6.2
4.6

5.8
3.9

5.2
3.8

762.5
117.8
129.3
71.4
72.4

756.1
117.6
130.8
72.3
72.5

754.0
117.5
131.4
71.7
72.3

65.8
8.7
8.6
4.6
5.0

57.3
6.8
8.7
4.6
4.5

50.9
6.1
8.3
4.1
4.4

8.6
7.4
6.7
6.4
6.9

7.6
5.8
6.6
6.3
6.2

6.7
5.2
6.3
5.7
6.1

2,601.7
173.8
76.3
109.3
74.5
54.3
55.7
225.7

2,545.9

2,550.6
170.2

125.9
7.8
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.7
2.4
7.4
28.0
4.5
2.4
3.2

119.9
7.6
3.7
4.5
3.7
3.7
2.0
6.1
30.2
5.3
2.6
3.2

4.4
4.4
4.5
4.0
4.9
8.8
4.1
2.4
3.6
4.8
3.6
4.7

4.9
4.6
7.2
4.1
5.3
7.2
4.5
3.3
3.7
4.9
4.2
5.0

4.7
4.5
4.9
4.1
5.0
7.1
3.8
2.7
4.0
5.8
4.5
4.9

16.6
2.2

14.4
2.1

6.1
6.6

6.9
7.1

5.9
6.5

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

614.3
454.0




46.8
57.6
74.4
35.6

93.7
55.9

73.8

617.3
452.1
120.0

1.6
3.1
2.6
25.5

15.5

64.9

57.8
64.8

91.0
58.0
64.3

114.8
7.6
3.4
4.3
3.7
4.8
2.3
5.4
27.7
4.4
2.1
3.0

234.3
30.9

240.2
31.0

243.2
31.9

14.3
2.0

771.2
92.2
591

169.9
74.2
107.7

72.6
51.5
53.5
222.2
762.1

90.5

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1989 have been
benchmarked to 1989 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the

116

611.4

75.1
108.5
74.4
51.6
53.3
222.3

763.6

!>.6

11 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1990 are
provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
publication.

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry
attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers from
a sample of about 60,000 households, representing 729 areas
in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with coverage in
50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected
are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar
week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be
reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural
establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment
Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for
unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training
Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons
who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who
have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance
systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and
religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

118




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics
Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are
counted more than once if they v/ork on more than one farm
during the reporting period. There are also wide differences
in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business
establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are
different treatment of business units considered parts of an
establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments,
and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial
classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is
incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the
employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor
force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the
Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS).
A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the
Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived
From the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2307.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are
interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment," are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
of between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 60,000 occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average
month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise
not enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.
The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample
to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to
be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise




operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons
classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
119

efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period
preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those
persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off or
(b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number
unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including
members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within
the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin,
marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation
rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sex-age
groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio
is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or that
no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited
to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual
status at their present job (either full or part time) and by
their reason for working part time during the survey week
(economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or
equipment, start or termination of a job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons
include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,
demands of home or school, no desire for full-time work,
and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons on
full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35
hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for
noneconomic reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status;
and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "parttime labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that:
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the
household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin




may be of any race; thus they are included in both the white
and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and
women are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served
in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question "How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed
to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the
median. The medians as shown in this publication are
calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval
within which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were reported as
members of the same household even though one may be
temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a
hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are
married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,
spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because
of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart
because either the husband or the wife was employed and
living away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or
had a different place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing
unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single
room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended
for occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

121

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-SI-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122



Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of tMs increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (sic), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. S;ample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable^to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated
during the 8-month period, April-November 1989.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey:
Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau
of the Census, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
Nov. 1989 to present3

Number of sample
areas

68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
72P
1

Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800 _

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




125

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling eirror in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical . . . .
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective

128




.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15 000
20,000
30 000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70 000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000

Total or
white

Biack

Total or
white

Black

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_
_
_

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
_

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
_
_
_
_

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

12
T7
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years

12
16
32
35
_
_
_
_

_

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_
_
_

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_

Tntfll or

1 UlCLI Ul
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only

11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
_
_
-

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

129

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
1
2

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
change^

/ / Stand- \

' / Stand-\

'

/StandA /Stand-'
ard I I ard
error I I error
/
\

Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41

130




Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59

14
19
37
39

the labor force, persons who left their las;t job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

9
12
27
39
55
11
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4 000
6,000
10,000
20,000
60,000
100,000
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

30
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

35
10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

50
11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
10,000
20,000
60,000
100,000
120,000
140,000

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

10

15

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

20
10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

25
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28

30
12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60

35
13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62

50
15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
10,000
20,000
40 000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




131

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time labor force

Characteristic
Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time

132




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Total

Women

Men

Estimated quarterly level
Tofal or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10
50
75
100 . . . .
150 . . . .
200 ....
250 . . . .
300 . . . .
500 . . . .
750 ....
1,000 . . .
1,500.. .
2,000 . . .
2,500. . .
3,000 . . .
5,000. . .
7,500 . . .
10,000. .
15,000..
20,000 . .
25,000 . .
30,000 . .
40,000 . .
50,000 . .
75,000. .
100,000.




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85

93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Part-time
workers

Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88

133

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134



Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digit industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 141 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and

values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-(100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless




earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
135

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
136




group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPiw).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-

ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1988 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

137

Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1988 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-

sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1988

Industry

Total

Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
(In thousands)
Industry

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government

138




Percent
difference

Benchmark

Estimate

103,835

104,161

-0.3

711
4,686
19,171

723
4,787
19,302

-1.7
-2.2
-.7

5,437
5,926
18,551

5,473
6,016
18,612

-.7
-1.5
-.3

6,594
25,103
17,656

6,599
24,978
17,671

-.1
.5
-.1

Mining
•
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Sample coverage1

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Number of
establishments

103,835

262,856

38,922

37

711
4,686
19,171

3,361
24,924
49,889

276
917
9,483

39
20
49

5,437
5,926
18,551

214,091
22,810
49,015

22,482
1,062
3,704

46
18
20

6,594
25,103

19,711
58,713

2,126
5,795

32
23

2,964
4,151
10,541

(3)
4,883
15,459

2,964
3,406
6,707

100
82
64

Employees
Number Percent of
(thoubenchmarks
sands)

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count o':
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours

Total

1

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

-

-

.3
2.2
1.8
7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

CM

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate . . .
Services
Government3

error2

.2
.2
.4
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

\ / (standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000
200 000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




1
2

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

139

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Monthly
level
88,900

89,500

Total private

61,300

58,900

Goods-producing industries

21,200

19,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

4,400
3,800

4,200
3,300

Construction
General building contractors

14,400
4,900

15,100
5,100

Manufacturing

18,200

18,300

13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300

12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300

3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800

3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800

8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800

8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700

4,500
1,600
2! 100

4,000
1,400
2,000

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paoer and all'ed products
Printing and publishing

Industry

Month-to-month
change

Total

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing....

Root-mean-square error
of-

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . . .




Month-to-month
change

2,600
1,200

2,800
1,200

1,600
1,700

1,600
1,600

85,400

85,700

14,600
16,600

13,000
16,000

6,500

6,100

8,700
5,800
5,000

7,700
5,300
4,400

Retail trade
General merchandise stores . . . .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places

38,600
22,800
6,800

34,400
20,400
6,000

4,200
10,100

5,100
9,500

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000

7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000

Services
Business services
Health services

36,600
11,700
10,200

34,900
10,700
10,000

Government
Federal
State
Local

59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600

53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500

Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities. .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.

140

Monthly
level

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment and household survey labor input data and from measures of compensation and output supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal
Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments (table C-9) refer to hours paid for all
employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers,
and salaried workers. For productivity and cost measures
(tables C-10, 11), hours of all persons include hours of
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. Labor
input is measured by hours at the work site.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons (productivity) measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per hour at work.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of
employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by
dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, capital consump-

tion allowances, interest, rental income of persons, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current-dollar
gross product originating in the sector and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constantdollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index
for gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less general
government, households and institutions, owner-occupied
housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business. All measures are
seasonally adjusted.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of
'Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear
in Trends in Multifactor Productivity•, 1948-81, BLS Bulletin
2178. Additional information may be obtained from the
Office of Productivity and Technology (202-523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA'S), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training and Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table




D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal
economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in
States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and
is available in micrfofiche form only, on a subscription basis.
141

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics."
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data forui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the ui claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
142




an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new/data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two
large sub-state areas—New York City and the Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly from
the CPS. Estimates for all other sub-state areas, more than
2,600 labor market areas (LMA'S), are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State ui laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA'S
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical

relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)




are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning
in June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are calculated and published twice a year. Revisions of
historical data will continue to be made once a year,
coincident with benchmark revisions.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally
adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPi-w), and
143

multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or
nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing
by the 1977 base. For total private, total goods-producing,
total private service- producing, and major industry divisions,
the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries
and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative
to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These failed
or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however, are
used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted
series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government

144




employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal
Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the
calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS has developed an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow
it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence
or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter. This extension was
also used for the seasonal adjustment of many of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours and manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the computation of the
projected factors for the period beginning in April 1990.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

REGION I-BOSTON
Suite 1603
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327
REGION II-NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV—ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415)744-6600




IV

ALABAMA

X

ALASKA

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
IX ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
VI ARKANSAS
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VIII COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
I
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST. OF COL.
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
X IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
V ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VII IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
I
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
III MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
V MINNESOTA,
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

BLS
Region
Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
I
Main St., Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harrisburg 17121
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
VERMONT
I
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
II VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VIII WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602
VIII MONTANA

VII NEBRASKA