Full text of Employment and Earnings : June 1989

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
June 1989

In this issue: Establishment data adjusted
to new benchmarks

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
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Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal aajustmern ractors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
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Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
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Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 ! Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
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ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1988.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 36

No. 6 June 1989

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Editors' Note
With this issue, national estimates of employment, hours, and earnings from the monthly survey of
business establishments have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks (comprehensive counts
of employment) and updated seasonal adjustment factors which incorporate the experience through March
1989. As a result, unadjusted series beginning April 1987 and seasonally adjusted series beginning January
1984 are not comparable with those previously published.
This year, the Bureau has introduced a modification in the seasonal adjustment procedure which is
described in the article beginning on page 6. The article also discusses the effects of the revisions and
provides new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate establishment-based estimates for AprilSeptember 1989. Revised current data appear in tables B-l through B-7 and C-l through C-7. Revised
historical data will be published in a forthcoming supplement to Employment and Earnings.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, May 1989
BLS establishment estimates revised to March 1988 benchmarks

2
4
6

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

23
61
99

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

26

62
80
102
124
131

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




53
74
121
128
137

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8
A- 9
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date..
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
..
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
...
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.,
.

.

23
24
. 2 5
26
29
30
31
33
34
35

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-ll.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex..
.
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
..
.
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment .
persons by duration of unemployment
....
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment .
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment..
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .

...

36
37
38
39
. 40
.40
. 41
42
43
, 43

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-21.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex .
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex ..
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation ..
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status .
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status ..
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status .
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status . . . .
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.

44
45
46
47
48
48
49
49
50
51
52

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

.53
. 54
.55
. 56
57
. 57
. 58
.58
. 59
. 59

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment—National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
...
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted.
...
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted .

61
62
73
74
75
76
77

Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry .

80

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
..
...
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

99
102
118
119
120
121
122
123

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas.

124

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

128
129
130

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

131

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, May 1989

Employment and unemployment were little changed in
May. The overall unemployment rate was 5.1 percent and
the civilian worker rate was 5.2 percent. This compares with
5.2 and 5.3 percent, respectively, in the previous month.
Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by the
survey of business establishments—edged up by 100,000 in
May, after seasonal adjustment, and total civilian
employment—as measured by the household survey—showed
little growth. Results from both surveys indicate that the pace
of employment growth has moderated in recent months.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons and the civilian
worker unemployment rate were little changed in May, after
seasonal adjustment. A total of 6.4 million persons were
unemployed; the civilian worker jobless rate was 5.2 percent.
Both figures are somewhat below those of a year earlier. (See
table A-33.)
Jobless rates for adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers
(15.2 percent), blacks (11.0 percent), whites (4.4 percent),
and Hispanics (7.9 percent) all held about steady from April
to May. An exception to this pattern was a three-tenths of
a percentage point decrease in the jobless rate for adult men
to 4.3 percent; this followed an increase of a similar
magnitude in April. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
Average (mean) duration of unemployment, at 11.8 weeks,
declined nearly a full week over the month, as the number
of very long-term unemployed—those who are jobless for
6 months or more—declined by 125,000. Median duration,
at 5.3 weeks, was about unchanged. (See table A-40.)
The number of persons working part time for economic
reasons—often referred to as the partially unemployeddecreased by about 300,000 in May to 4.8 million. (See table
A-35.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Civilian employment was little changed over the month
at a seasonally adjusted level of 117.2 million. The
employment-population ratio—the proportion of the
population that is employed—maintained its record high 63.0
percent for the third consecutive month. (See table A-33.)
After rising substantially in the prior month, the civilian
labor force was little changed in May at 123.6 million. Over
the year, the civilian labor force rose by 2.4 million, with
adult women accounting for 1.7 million of the gain and adult
men 800,000. (See table A-33.)




Industry payroll employment
Growth in nonagricultural employment continued to slow
in May, as the number of payroll jobs edged up by 100,000
to a level of 108.2 million, seasonally adjusted. (See table
B-4.) Averaging 160,000 over the last 3 months, payroll
employment gains have been well off their average pace of
275,000 in the prior 12-month period. Virtually all of May's
modest employment growth occurred in the serviceproducing sector, as the goods-producing industries
experienced a small job decline.
Employment in the goods sector lost what small gains it
had made between February and April, with a decline of
35,000 in May. Manufacturing employment, off by 30,000
in the last 2 months, returned to its January level. The
weakness in manufacturing was widespread, as the number
of jobs in most of its major industry groups declined slightly
or showed little change. Employment in the electrical
equipment industry declined for the sixth consecutive month.
Construction hiring was just short of seasonal expectations,
and, as a result, the number of construction jobs decreased
slightly on a seasonally adjusted basis. Construction
employment has shown no consistent growth since January.
The number of mining jobs, which had edged up in March
and April, was unchanged in May.
Job gains in the service-producing sector have also slowed
in recent months. Employment in wholesale trade showed
no change in May, following a gain of only 10,000 in April;
this is in contrast to monthly gains averaging 20,000 in the
prior year. Retail trade has also shown little or no job growth
in the last 2 months, after posting strong gains in late 1988
and early this year. Employment in the services industry rose
by 65,000 in May, well below its monthly average of about
110,000 over the prior year. Gains in business services (up
only 10,000 in May and 40,000 over the last 3 months) have
been well off the pace sustained throughout most of the
expansion. In contrast, health services, with a job gain of
35,000 in May, has shown steady monthly growth. Another
consistent job gainer has been the transportation industry,
where a May increase of 15,000 was about average for that
industry. Slight employment expansion continued to be
registered in finance, insurance, and real estate.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls decreased 0.3
hour to 34.6 hours in May, after seasonal adjustment. This

marked a return to the levels prevailing in February and
March, following an overstated increase in April. Similarly,
both the factory workweek and overtime fell 0.2 hour, to
41.0 and 3.8 hours, respectively. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
at 127.5 (1977 = 100), fell 0.9 percent in May, on a
seasonally-adjusted basis, reversing a similar increase in
April. The manufacturing index declined by 0.7 percent to
96.5. Both movements were responses to the April
overstatement in hours. (See table C-6.)




Hourly and weekly earnings
Following a sizable increase in April, average hourly
earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers were
about unchanged in May, seasonally adjusted. Reflecting the
drop in the hours series, average weekly earnings showed a
seasonally adjusted decline of 0.8 percent. Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings were little changed, while
average weekly earnings rose 1.0 percent. Over the past year,
hourly earnings have risen by 3.7 percent and weekly earnings
by 3.4 percent. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

June

July 7

September

October 6

July

August 4

October

November 3

August

September 1

November

December 8

BLS Establishment
Estimates Revised to
March 1988 Benchmarks

*Fred R. Cronkhite
With the release of data for May 1989, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics introduced its annual revision of national estimates
of employment, hours, and earnings from the monthly sample
survey of nonagricultural establishments. Each year, the
sample estimates are adjusted to new benchmarks—comprehensive figures of employment based primarily on
unemployment insurance reports filed by employers with the
State employment security agencies. The current revisions
are based on March 1988 benchmarks and affect unadjusted
series from April 1987 forward. As is the usual practice with
the introduction of new benchmarks, the Bureau has also
revised the seasonally adjusted series for the previous 5-year
period and has introduced new seasonal adjustment factors
to be used to adjust data in the months ahead.
Effect of the current benchmark adjustment
The March 1988 benchmark level for total nonagricultural
employment—103.8 million—was 326,000, or 0.3 percent
below the corresponding sample-based estimate. There were
downward revisions of 1.0 percent in the goods- producing
industries and 0.1 percent in the service- producing industries. Table 1 provides a summary of the March 1988 revisions
by industry.
The sample-based employment estimates in the goodsproducing sector exceeded the respective benchmark levels
as they have throughout the 1980's decade, reflecting the
pattern of overestimation primarily among the manufacturing
industries. The employment estimates in the serviceproducing sector, by contrast, exceeded the respective
benchmark levels only half of the time, indicating a more
balanced error profile. Employment in the services industry
component of the service-producing sector was
underestimated in all but one year. Table 2 provides a
comparison of the 1988 revisions on a percentage basis with
those of recent years.
New estimates were computed each month since March
1988 based on the new benchmark levels. On a seasonally
adjusted basis, the monthly revision increased from -338,000
in March 1988 to -630,000 by February 1989, reflecting,
* Fred R. Cronkhite is a supervisory statistician in the Division of Monthly
Industry Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.




in addition to the downward benchmark adjustment, a
recomputation of both the bias adjustment and the seasonal
adjustment factors. The nature of these adjustments in postbenchmark estimation is described in the section on
benchmark adjustment procedure. Table 3 shows the extent
of the revisions between 1988 and 1989, in both level and
change, through a comparison of seasonally adjusted monthly
data as previously published and as revised.
Monthly estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are
published in considerable industry detail. Based upon the
Standard Industrial Classification (sic) system, estimates are
prepared either at the industry level (4-digit SIC) or at the
industry group level (3-digit SIC) for most industries. Within
the 247 3-digit industry groups for which employment
estimates are published, about one-fifth were revised as a
result of the benchmark revision by 5 percent or more, and
two-fifths by 3 percent or more. As has generally been the
case, the smallest industries in employment size tended to
have the largest percentage revisions (table 4). Of the 68
published major private industry groups (2-digit SIC), about
one-fifth were revised by 3 percent or more, and two-thirds
by 2 percent or less.
Manufacturing industries were revised downward by an
average of 0.7 percent, as 10 of the 20 major groups were
revised down. The largest downward revisions occurred in
electrical equipment (-50,000, or -2.4 percent), machinery
(-49,000, or -2.4 percent), and rubber and miscellaneous
plastics products (-40,000, or -4.9 percent). The largest
upward revision occurred in instruments and related products
(31,000, or 4.2 percent). Wholesale trade was revised
downward by 90,000, or 1.5 percent, with most of the
revision occurring among durable goods industries, and retail
trade was revised downward by 61,000, or 0.3 percent. The
services industry was revised upward by 125,000 or 0.5
percent.
Effect of revisions on other series
There are no benchmark employment levels for the series
on women workers or production or nonsupervisory workers.
These series are revised by computing ratios of employment
for the particular series to all employees, prior to revision,
and then applying the ratios to the revised all- employee

Table 1. Differences between nonagricultural employment benchmarks and estimates by industry, March 1988
(In thousands)
Difference
Industry

Benchmark

Estimate
Amount

Percent

103,835

104,161

-326

-0.3

86,179

86,490

-311

-.4

24,568

24,812

-244

-1.0

711
404

723
415

-12
-11

-1.7
-2.7

4,686
1,271

4,787
1,291

-101
-20

-2.2
-1.6

19,171

19,302

-131

-.7

11,300

11,377

-77

-.7

740
527
583
766
277
1,411
2,056
2,059
2,039
846
736
383

735
534
571
775
281
1,433
2,105
2,109
2,031
840
705
380

5
_y
12
-9
-4
-22
-49
-50
8
6
31
3

.7
-1.3
2.1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-2.4
-2.4
.4
.7
4.2
.8

7,871

7,925

-54

-.7

1,578
55
732
1,101
687
1,545
1,051
157
821
144

1,590
52
728
1,104
684
1,548
1,050
162
861
145

-12
3
4
-3
3
-3
1
_5
-40

-1

-.8
5.4
.5
-.3
.4
-.2
.1
-3.2
-4.9
-.7

79,267

79,349

-82

-.1

Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation
Communication and public utilities .

5,437
3,236
2,201

5,473
3,239
2,234

-36
-3
-33

-.7
-.1
-1.5

Wholesale trade . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods.

5,926
3,503
2,423

6,016
3,573
2,443

-90
-70
-20

-1.5
-2.0
-.8

18,551
2,370
3,016
2,033
6,094

18,612
2,436
3,001
2,034
6,143

-61
-66
15
-1
-49

-.3
-2.8
.5
(1)
-.8

6,594
3,278
2,064
1,242

6,599
3,293
2,058
1,238

-5
-15
6
4

-.1
-.5
.3
.3

Services2
Business services.
Health services

25,103
5,420
7,009

24,978
5,345
7,081

125
75
-72

.5
1.4
-1.0

Government .
Federal.
State .
Local

17,656
2,964
4,151
10,541

17,671
2,964
4,140
10,567

-15
0
11
-26

-.1
0
.3
-.2

Total .
Total private.
Goods-producing .
2

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
Construction2
General building contractors .
Manufacturing .
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products...
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing ,
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products .
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .
Leather and leather products .
Service-producing

Retail trade2
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance,
Insurance
Real estate .

1
2

Less than 0.05 percent.
Includes other industries not shown separately.




Table 2. Percent differences between nonagricultural employment benchmarks and estimates by industry division,
March 1981-88

Industry division

Total.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services....
Government
1

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

-0.4

-0.1

(1)

0.4

(1)

-0.5

0)

-0.3

2.1
-2.9
-.4
.1
-1.0
-.5
.3
-.2

2.2
.2
(1)
.4
-1.2
-.2
.3
.1

-5.4
.5
-1.2
.2
.9
(1)
-.1
.7

-1.6
3.1
-.9
.2
1.3
.4
.4
.1

-3.1
1.4
-.5
-1.0
-.3
.5
.1
.8

-1.2
-.6
-1.1
-.3
-.9
-.1
.3
-.4

-3.2
-1.5
-.5
(1)
.9
-.5
.1
-.3

-1.7
-2.2
-.7
-.7
-.6
-.1
.5
-.1

Less than 0.05 percent.

figures. Revisions at the basic cell level are added to produce
the summary level revisions.
Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are
estimated directly from reported figures at the estimating cell
level and are not benchmarked. However, the broader
industry groups of the hours and earnings series require a
weighting mechanism to yield meaningful averages. The
production or nonsupervisory worker employment estimates
for the basic cells are used as weights for the hours and
earnings estimates for broader industry groupings. Adjustments of the all-employee estimates to new benchmarks may
alter the weights, which, in turn, may change the estimates
for hours and earnings of production and nonsupervisory
workers at higher levels of aggregation.
Generally, new employment benchmarks have little impact
on hours and earnings estimates for major groupings. (See
table 5.) To influence the hours and earnings estimates of
a broader group, employment revisions have to be relatively
large and must affect industries which have substantially
different hours or earnings averages than the other industries
in their group. Occasionally, corrections of errors in the
reported payroll data for individual establishments may also change the averages of selected industries.

ui-based figures estimates of employment in those industries
that are not fully covered by ui laws. For the private sector,
these are primarily in transportation and services.
Normally, new benchmarks are determined for March of
each year for the most detailed industrial classification levels
and size groups at which estimates are made, amounting to
over 1,500 estimating cells. The time required to complete
the benchmark process—from the full collection of the ui
population data to publication of the revised CES survey
results—is usually about 15 months. Revised employment
estimates for the period between the prior benchmark and
the current benchmark are usually derived by spreading the
March 1988 difference over the prior 11 months, adding
11/12 of the difference to the February 1988 estimates, 10/12

Table 3. Differences in seasonally adjusted levels and
over-the-month changes, total nonagricultural employment,
January 1988-February 1989
(In thousands)

Month

As
previously
published

As
revised

1988:
January .
February .
March .
April.
May .
June .
July . . .
August
September.
October
November .
December .

104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,057
106,271
106,425
106,737
106,973
107,419
107,641

103,970
104,414
104,682
104,901
105,091
105,561
105,768
105,954
106,207
106,475
106,824
107,097

-292
-315
-338
-380
-398
-496
-503
-471
-530
-498
-595
-544

261
467
291
261
208
568
214
154
312
236
446
222

179
444
268
219
190
470
207
186
253
268
349
273

1989:
January
February

108,065
108,341

107,442
107,711

-623
-630

424
276

345
269

Benchmark adjustment procedure
The annual benchmark adjustment procedure serves both
as a measure of the quality of the sample estimates and as
a full population employment base for producing more
accurate future monthly measures of current industry
employment levels from the sample. The benchmark levels
are derived primarily from summations of the employment
figures on the mandatory unemployment insurance (ui)
contribution reports filed with the State employment security
agencies by all employers covered by the UI laws. The
figures compiled from these reports are adjusted where
necessary to reflect minor discrepancies in industry coding
between the establishments in the survey and the
corresponding establishments in the population. The final
benchmark levels are determined by adding to the adjusted
8




Over-the-month
changes

Levels

As
Difference previously
published

As
revised

to the January 1988 estimate, and so forth. Revised estimates
for the post-benchmark period are derived by extrapolating
the new benchmark levels using the existing monthly sample
links and using revised bias factors.

current rates of employment change for the most recent
quarter for the same industries. The updated factors are
applied to the sample-based estimates for each estimating cell
level in the industry. Finally, the estimates for the cells are
aggregated to produce the monthly published estimates.

Why estimates differ from benchmarks
Differences between population benchmarks and samplebased estimates result from both sampling and nonsampling
error. Sampling error occurs any time a sample is used to
make inferences about a population. As with any samplebased estimates, a certain amount of error is to be expected
in the estimation of employment, hours, and earnings from
the establishment survey. A complete monthly count of all
establishments would provide the most accurate levels of
employment by detailed industry. However, given the more
than 5 million employers in the population, such monthly
figures would be prohibitively expensive and too time
consuming to compile. The current sample of over 300,000
establishments provides preliminary estimates within a month
following the reference period. Additionally, sources of
nonsampling error can be more easily controlled in a sample.
Both the benchmark levels and the sample-based estimates
are subject to several sources of nonsampling error. Major
sources of these nonsampling errors are: (1) an inability to
measure employment in new firms from the time of their
inception, due to the time lag between the creation of new
firms and their inclusion in the sample; (2) procedures for
handling changes in industrial classification; (3) the quality
of the various source data used to derive the benchmark; (4)
an inability to completely cover all firms in the target
population; and (5) other errors in coverage, response,
processing, and collection.
Bias adjustment factors. In order to compensate for the
inability of the survey to capture the entry of new firms, the
Bureau calculates monthly bias adjustment factors. To do so,
each year, 3- to 5-year averages of the relative differences
between the March benchmark levels and sample- based
estimates are computed for most 3-digit industries. These
are average annual bias factors and are updated to reflect

Table 4. Distribution of published 3-digit SIC industries by
size of industry and percent difference between employment
benchmarks and estimates, March 1988

Percent
difference

Total
number of
industries

Total .
0-0.9
1.0-2.9 .
3.0-4.9
5.0 and over




Size of industry
(number of employees)
Under
50,000

50,000
to
99,999

100,000
to
199,999

200,000
and
over

257

36

48

65

98

41
103
50
53

3
11
7
15

6
22
9
11

10
35
15
5

22
35
19
22

Changes in industrial classification. Establishments are
classified by industry according to major product or activity.
Differences in the classification of establishments between
the population and the sample can be an important source
of nonsampling error. As part of a continuing quality
maintenance program, approximately one-third of all
employers are requested to refile industry classification
information each year. This information can result in changes
in industry classification. In addition, industry codes of
establishments in the sample are reviewed each year and are
reconciled to the corresponding codes of the establishment in
the population file. Since these changes are introduced once
a year, at the time of the revision to new benchmarks, they
contribute to benchmark adjustment. At the more detailed
industry levels, changes in classification can be an important
cause of benchmark adjustments. As the estimates are
aggregated to higher level industry groupings, these
classification changes cancel out, so that the net difference
is zero for total nonagricultural employment.
Benchmark source material. The principal source of
benchmark data for private industries is the "ES-202
report," which contains employment data reported to State
employment security agencies by employers covered by State
ui laws. Ul coverage is now extended to approximately 98
percent of employees in the total nonagricultural sector and
99 percent of those in the private nonagricultural sector.
Employment counts for the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches of the Federal Government are derived from official
summaries prepared by the U.S. Office of Personnel
Management (OPM). These summaries are complete counts
of Federal workers and are not usually subject to revision.1
The official OPM summaries do not provide detail on Federal
employment by industry, such as hospitals, on a current
monthly basis. These are estimated by BLS from a sample
of Federal establishments.
BLS uses several sources to obtain employment counts for
the remaining industries partially covered or exempt from
mandatory Ul coverage. Data on employees covered under
Social Security laws, published by the Bureau of the Census
in County Business Patterns, are used to augment UI data
for nonoffice insurance sales workers and to derive
benchmark figures for religious organizations, private
schools, and hospitals. Benchmarks for State and local
government hospitals and educational institutions are based

1
Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security
Agency, and those of the Department of Defense paid from nonappropriated
funds are not included in the OPM summaries of these series and thus are
not counted.

Table 5. Hours and earnings estimates based on Previous (March 1987) benchmarks and revised (March 1988) benchmarks,
selected industries, March 1988
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
Industry

Previous
estimate

Revised
estimate

Difference

Previous
estimate

Revised
estimate

Difference

Total private .

34.4

34.4

0

$9.18

$9.18

$0.00

Mining
Construction...
Manufacturing .

41.9
37.4
40.9

41.9
37.5
40.9

0
0.1
0

12.59
12.87
10.07

12.64
12.91
10.07

.05
.04
.00

41.6

41.6

0

10.59

10.59

.00

39.9
39.0
42.0
43.4
41.6
42.7
40.9
42.5
41.6
39.2

39.9
39.0
42.0
43.4
41.6
42.7
40.9
42.5
41.6
39.2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

8.45
7.76
10.36
12.07
10.14
10.84
10.04
13.20
9.88
7.91

8.45
7.78
10.35
12.06
10.16
10.88
10.04
13.15
9.91
7.94

.00
.02
-.01
-.01
.02
.04
.00
-.05
.03
.03

40.0

40.0

0

9.33

9.33

.00

39.6
39.3
41.0
37.0
42.9
38.2
42.5
43.7
41.7
37.4

39.5
39.3
41.0
37.0
42.9
38.2
42.5
43.7
41.7
37.4

-.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

9.07
14.42
7.31
6.03
11.52
10.45
12.53
14.98
9.00
6.23

9.07
14.54
7.31
6.05
11.54
10.44
12.52
14.92
9.04
6.22

.00
.12
.00
.02
.02
-.01
-.01
-.06
.04
-.01

38.6
37.9
28.6
35.8
32.3

38.6
37.9
28.6
35.8
32.3

0
0
0
0
0

12.19
9.78
6.24
8.97
8.80

12.18
9.81
6.24
8.97
8.80

-.01
.03
.00
.00
.00

Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products.
Primary metal industries . . .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing .
Nondurable goods .
Food and kindred products .
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products .
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products .
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services

on the Annual Survey of Governments conducted by the
Bureau of the Census. Benchmark data for employees of
church-sponsored schools are obtained through State agency
surveys. Data for interstate railroads are obtained from the
Interstate Commerce Commission.

Seasonal adjustment procedure
The BLS uses the X-11 ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated
Moving Average) seasonal adjustment procedure, developed
by Statistics Canada,2 to seasonally adjust establishmentbased employment, hours, and earnings data. The ARIMA
option is used to project the unadjusted data forward for 1
year prior to seasonally adjusting the series. The use of
ARIMA projections lessens the need for revisions of historical
data in future seasonal adjustments, ARIMA projections are
not used in series where the projections do not meet test
requirements.3 In the past, the X-l 1 ARIMA program has been
2
A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA
Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada
Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983.
3

The series so affected are identified in tables 7 through 12.

10




run once each year after benchmarking and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and published for 12 months
ahead (April-March).
This year, the Bureau is introducing a modification to this
procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are now calculated only for the first 6 months after
benchmarking. A second set of projected seasonal adjustment
factors, for use during the subsequent period, will be computed
based upon data through September and introduced with the
release of data for October. Revisions of historical data for
the most recent 5 years will continue to be made once a year,
coincident with the benchmark revisions. The BLS is also
working on an extension to X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to adjust
more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence
of religious holidays in the April survey reference period (as
well as for the occasional effects of Labor Day in the
September survey reference period). If this research proves
successful, this extension will be introduced for the
computation of the seasonal adjustment factors to be published
in November 1989.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative

models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking a
weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series. The seasonal adjustment factors that will
be used for the period April 1989 through September 1989
for all published series are shown in tables 7 through 12.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a small number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative
to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These series
are identified in tables 8, 10, and 12; they are used, however,
in aggregating to broader seasonally adjusted levels.
Publication of revised data
Data for detailed industry categories of employment, hours,
and earnings will be presented in a supplement to Employment




and Earnings. It will contain all of the historical data revised
as a result of this benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment
factors, that is, unadjusted data for April 1987 through
February 1989 and seasonally adjusted data for January 1984
through February 1989. In addition, seasonally adjusted data
from 1980, and unadjusted data from 1983, which were
published in last year's supplement, will be republished in the
1989 supplement. Data for earlier time periods can be found
in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, 1909-84
(BLS Bulletin 1312-12), issued in 1985. Employment estimates
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings for most
of the significant nonagricultural industries. Those industries
for which monthly data are not published are either too small
or are not represented by a sufficient sample. Table 6 contains the March 1988 benchmark figures for many of these
industries.

11

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1981-88
(In thousands)
Industry

1972
SIC Code

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Lead and zinc ores
Gold and silver ores
Other metal ores and mining services
Anthracite mining
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Natural gas liquids
Clay and related minerals
Other nonmetallic minerals and services

103
104
105,6,8,9
11
131
132
145
141,8,9

Construction
Concrete work
Waterwell drilling
Miscellaneous special trade contractors

177
178
179

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

90,371

89,566

88,232

92,587

96,042

98,150 100,427 103,835

73,903

73,370

72,043

76,371

79,446

81,204

83,173

86,176

25,126

24,056

22,370

24,017

24,469

24,192

24,037

24,568

1,107
7.2

1,205
5.9

945
4.0

952
4.0

933
3.3

696
2.4

8.9
25.5
3.5
265.7
8.4
9.4
9.8

8.6
14.0
2.9
257.0
6.7
8.1

10.5
13.3
2.9
254.5
6.6
8.4
9.9

9.8
11.4
2.7
248.4
6.6
8.6
9.5

832
2.9
10.4
9.1
2.6
232.3
6.1
8.4
10.0

711
2.0
16.2
8.6
2.0
197.5
5.0
8.3
11.1

3,914

4,241

113.6
15.7

132.6

4,415
138.9

16.1

353.1

ft
ft

3.5
242.7
6.8

ft
3,934
98.2
19.1
359.4
20,085

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products:
Special product sawmills, nee
Structural wood members, nee
Nailed wood boxes and shook
Wood pallets and skids
Wood containers, nee
Prefabricated wood buildings
Wood preserving
Particleboard
Wood products, nee

1981

12,105
2429
2439
2441
2448
2449
2452
2491
2492
2499

4.8
15.0
6.9
24.6
10.3
18.9
13.2

3,638
84.5
16.9
336.8

19,213
11,446

9.2
3,469
90.5
14.6
314.2
17,956
10,417

4,686

16.2

393.0

416.4

429.6

462.6

19,151

19,295

18,945

18,810

19,171

11,561
3.1
19.1

11,277

11,300

8.3
18.6
13.0
8.3
55.5

9.4
56.2

11,102
3.7
26.3
5.8
27.5
8.0
22.0
12.6
10.5
58.0

3.6
14.0

5.9
23.0

11,346
4.1
19.0
5.6
25.8
8.7
19.0
12.3
7.4
58.1

ft
ft

5.1
56.9

9.2
16.0
11.8

12.1
8.3
2.3
198.2
5.7
7.9
10.8

1988

4,531
146.5
16.8

3.5
11.6

5.3
21.6
8.8
15.8
11.8
6.0
55.3

1987

5.5
26.9

2.7
22.6
5.4
26.3
8.2
19.7
12.5

153.4

17.6

3.4
26.5
5.5
29.9
7.5
22.5
12.7
11.4
62.3

Furniture and fixtures:
Wood TV and radio cabinets and household furniture
Wood office furniture
Metal office furniture
Wood partitions and fixtures
Metal partitions and fixtures
Drapery hardware and blinds and shades
Furniture and fixtures, nee

2517,9
2521
2522
2541
2542
2591
2599

13.8
21.7
31.2
31.4
27.8
16.5
12.3

12.1
24.6
29.9
29.8
27.8
16.4
12.5

11.1
23.9
27.7
28.3
25.8
16.9
13.0

13.4
28.4
32.7
33.9
29.3
20.4
13.4

13.9
32.0
33.1
36.7
31.4
20.5
15.4

14.0
31.4
33.6
38.8
31.5
22.3
16.4

13.8
32.2
32.9
39.8
32.4
21.7
16.5

12.7
35.4
34.9
43.3
33.6
22.1
14.0

Stone, clay, and glass products:
Brick and structural clay tile
Clay refractories
Other structural clay products
Vitreous plumbing fixtures
Vitreous china and fine earthenware food utensils
Porcelain electrical supplies
Pottery products, nee
Lime
Gypsum products
Cut stone and stone products
Gaskets, packing and sealing devices
Minerals, ground or treated
Nonclay refractories
Nonmetallic mineral products, nee

3251
3255
3253,9
3261
3262,3
3264
3269
3274
3275
328
3293
3295
3297
3299

16.4

13.0

11.3
12.9

9.7

13.9
7.0
11.3
8.8
7.7
9.6

16.7
8.1
12.4
10.0
7.4
9.7
11.8
5.7

16.5
7.4
12.4

17.1
7.0

17.3
6.4

12.3

9.5
6.7
10.4
10.7
5.4

10.3
7.1
9.0

13.0
9.8

17.3
7.5
13.4

Primary metal industries:
Electrometallurgical products
Steel wire and related products
Cold finishing of steel shapes
Steel investment foundries
Primary copper
Primary lead and zinc
Primary nonferrous metals, nee
Secondary nonferrous metals
Aluminum extruded products
Aluminum and nonferrous rolling and drawing, nee ....
Brass, bronze, and copper foundries
Nonferrous foundries, nee
Miscellaneous primary metal products
Metal heat treating
Primary metal products, nee

3313
3315
3316
3324
3331
3332,3
3339
334
3354
3355,6
3362
3369
339
3398
3399

See footnotes at end of table.

12




9.9
9.7
11.4
12.3

ft

ft

11.0
27.4
15.6

ft
ft
13.1
22.5
17.2
14.0
14.1
7.9
11.7
24.0
31.5
23.8
18.1
19.4
25.6
13.7
11.9

11.0
8.5

9.1
10.8
11.3
6.4
11.4
10.3
26.8

10.7
23.5

13.5
11.2
26.7

14.3
12.0
27.7

14.6
9.9
6.5

12.8
7.3
6.3

13.4
8.0
7.2

13.5

11.2
19.3
15.5
12.3
12.7
6.1
10.1
21.3
29.2
24.5
17.2
17.7
24.9
14.1
10.8

8.2
16.7
13.5
10.9
10.6
5.0
8.8
18.0
28.2
19.7
13.8
17.0
21.6
11.3
10.3

10.2
18.6
15.4
11.6
9.2
4.7
10.3
19.6
30.8
20.4
14.7
18.3
24.5
12.7
11.8

9.6
18.6
15.8
13.3
7.0
4.4
10.8
19.7
33.0
19.8
14.7
18.2
25.4
14.1
11.3

10.5
5.3
11.2

8.2
7.1

10.3
5.3
14.2
12.4
28.6
12.5
8.1

7.1
9.0
18.7
15.6
13.1
5.4
3.6
9.5

18.1
32.6
19.5

14.4
19.3
24.9
13.8
11.1

9.6

7.1

5.8

8.9

9.6

10.7
5.5
13.8
12.6
28.1
12.0

12.1
5.4
14.4

13.2
31.6
12.3

7.1
7.2

7.8
7.7

7.6
19.0
15.6
13.6
5.5
3.2
9.2
16.9
33.6
18.6
13.9
18.8
24.9
14.0
10.9

7.9
19.2
16.6

14.6
5.3
3.3
9.2

17.9
33.4
18.0
13.5
19.7
26.7
14.8
11.9

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1981-88—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods-Continued
Fabricated metal products:
Metal barrels, drums, and pails
Cutlery
Metal sanitary ware
Prefabricated metal buildings
Miscellaneous metal work
Nonferrous forgings and crowns and closures
Steel springs, except wire
Wire springs
Fabricated pipe and fittings
Metal foil and leaf, and fabricated metal products, nee
Machinery, except electrical:
Lawn and garden equipment
Elevators and moving stairways
Hoists, cranes, and monorails
Rolling mill machinery
Metalworking machinery, nee
Woodworking machinery
Paper industries machinery
Special industry machinery, nee
Industrial patterns
Industrial furnaces and ovens
General industrial machinery, nee
Scales and balances, except laboratory
Automatic merchandising machines
Commercial laundry equipment
Measuring and dispensing pumps and service industry
machinery, nee

1972
SIC Code

3412
3421
3431
3448
3449

3463,6
3493
3495
3498
3497,9
3524
3534
3536
3547
3549
3553
3554
3559
3565
3567
3569
3576
3581
3582

1981

13.3
15.7
10.9
28.3
9.1
12.8
6.1
14.9
27.9
44.5

22.7
12.9
16.7
9.2
13.7
12.0
20.0
59.6
10.0
20.5
49.6

1982

12.1
13.4

9.6
25.0
8.0
11.7
5.8
13.1
31.0
43.2

1983

11.9
13.2
8.7
20.6
7.5
10.6
4.9
11.9
21.7
39.5

12.4

21.7
11.6

15.5

11.2

19.5
8.5
13.3

10.3
19.0
55.0

9.7
19.2
48.9
7.6

5.9
11.0
8.8

15.4
45.0
8.0
15.1
46.2

1984

11.4
13.0

9.8
22.7
7.7
10.5
5.6
13.7
22.9
44.6
24.0
11.7
12.2
5.5
11.7

9.8
15.7
50.5

1985

1986

1987

11.8
12.7
10.6
24.9
7.2
10.9
6.6
14.7
22.5
45.5

11.1
12.1
11.2
24.8
7.0
11.1
5.9
13.5
21.2
45.2

10.5
11.1
10.8
23.8
6.7
10.9
5.9
13.2
19.0
43.6

25.1
11.5
13.6
5.6
12.2
10.2

25.9

27.3
11.9

11.1
12.7

5.1
12.9
9.2
16.5
52.5

11.3

4.9
12.4
10.3

1988

10.4
11.0
13.2
24.9

7.2
12.7
6.3
13.5
23.5
48.9
30.9
12.8
11.7
5.3
11.9
11.1

8.3
16.3
50.0
7.3
9.1
4.8

9.1

15.9
49.8
8.6

17.3
54.1
7.0
9.0
4.8

16.8
52.5
6.3
8.5
5.6

16.6

17.6
55.1
9.3
16.2

51.3
6.1
7.8
6.0

47.8
6.7
8.8
6.2

16.9
56.6
8.0

10.9
5.3

9.5
4.7

6.9
8.7
4.4

3586,9

38.4

37.7

35.0

35.1

36.3

36.1

36.9

40.9

3623
3624
3629
3631
3635,6,9
3646
3647
3648
3652
3675
3676
3677

18.1
14.0
12.2
24.0
32.3
17.2

18.3
13.6
11.9
22.9
26.6
17.2
13.4
8.6
21.7
27.2
13.2
24.5
7.8
15.2
30.0
13.4

15.2
10.6
10.5
23.9
26.1
15.4
13.4
9.1
19.2
25.2
11.5
21.6
8.9
13.7
32.7
13.7

15.1
11.3
11.5
28.7
28.9
17.4
15.6
9.4
18.5
33.4
12.2
26.5
10.8
13.8
34.6
15.3

15.5
11.5
11.1
22.9
28.6
19.2
15.6
8.4
17.7
30.1
12.3
24.1
12.0
14.3
33.9
15.0

14.5
10.2
11.1
21.6
27.4
19.9
17.1
9.3
17.4
25.2
11.8
21.4
11.9
13.4
32.3
13.3

13.6
9.9
10.5
21.9
27.8
19.6
18.1
9.9
20.6
24.6
11.2
21.8
12.9
12.3
31.5
12.6

13.6
10.2
9.8
21.6
27.1
20.6
17.9
10.4
21.6
24.2
13.3
23.4
14.5
13.4
31.7
12.3

6.5
17.1
26.4
9.2

9.8
14.5
30.1
8.8

15.0
16.4
33.9
10.8

15.7
13.5
37.4
12.2

16.3
12.4
47.8
11.2

17.6
11.9
49.0
13.0

19.3
12.5
57.1
14.2

O

Electrical and electronic equipment:
Welding apparatus, electric
Carbon and graphite products
Electrical industrial apparatus, nee
Household cooking equipment
Other household appliances
Commercial lighting fixtures
Vehicular lighting equipment
Lighting equipment, nee
Phonograph records
Electronic capacitors
Electronic resistors
Electronic coils and transformers
Electronic connectors
Primary batteries, dry and wet
X-ray apparatus and tubes
Electrical equipment and supplies, nee

3692
3693
3699

Transportation equipment:
Self-contained motor homes
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts
Space propulsion units and other space vehicle equipment
Transportation equipment, nee

3716
375
3764,9
3799

Instruments and related products:
Fluid meters and counting devices
Measuring and controlling devices, nee
Dental equipment and supplies

3824
3829
3843

18.5
25.4
17.1

17.1
25.9
15.7

14.3
25.4
14.2

14.5
25.3
14.0

15.0
28.5
14.1

14.2
29.0
14.3

11.7
29.0
13.6

11.7
33.6
14.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing:
Silverware and plated ware
Jewelers' materials and lapidary work
Pens and mechanical pencils
Lead pencils and art goods
Marking devices and carbon paper and inked ribbons
Artificial flowers and buttons
Needles, pins, and fasteners
Brooms and brushes
Burial caskets
Manufacturing industries, nee

3914
3915
3951
3952
3953,5
3962,3
3964
3991
3995
3996,9

11.5
7.6
11.6

11.1
7.8
9.9
8.2
15.7

9.8
7.6

10.1
8.3
9.3
7.0
15.8
7.4
10.1
14.2
9.9
53.6

9.0
8.4
9.0
7.2
16.2
7.6

8.2
8.2
8.9
7.0
17.0
8.1
8.9

7.4
8.1
9.0
6.7
16.8
8.5
9.3

13.2
9.5
50.0

12.4
9.6
50.7

7.7
7.8
8.8
7.2
18.2
9.6
9.2
13.5
9.3
55.3

3678

O
O
24.6
25.8

O

24.7

O
16.5
26.5
13.7
4.9
17.4
26.1

O

9.4
15.5
8.3
14.5
15.2
11.3
56.3

11.0

9.1
7.4
15.1
6.4
9.9
13.6
10.2

54.9

51.0

7.1

12.1
15.2

10.0
13.5
9.8
53.5

See footnotes at end of table.




13

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1981-88—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products:
Poultry and egg processing
Creamery butter
Condensed and evaporated milk
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Dehydrated fruits, vegetables, and soups
Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings
Frozen specialties
Cereal breakfast foods
Rice milling
Blended and prepared flour
Wet corn milling
Dog, cat, and other pet food
Cane sugar, except refining only
Cane sugar, refining
Beet sugar
Chocolate and cocoa products and chewing gum
Oil mills
Animal and marine fats and oils
Shortening and cooking oils
Malt and flavoring extracts and syrups, nee
Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits
Distilled liquor, except brandy
Canned and cured seafoods
Fresh or frozen packaged fish
Roasted coffee
Manufactured ice
Macaroni and spaghetti
Food preparation, nee
Tobacoo manufactures:
Cigars
Other tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products:
Warpknit fabric and knitting mills, nee
Finishing plants, nee
Wool yarn mills
Thread mills
Other textile goods
Processed textile waste
Coated fabrics, not rubberized
Tire cord and fabric
Cordage and twine
Apparel and other textile products:
Men's and boys' underwear
Men's and boys' neckwear
Men's and boys' clothing, nee
Hats, caps, and miHinery
Children's coats and suits
Children's outerwear, nee
Fur goods
Fabric dress and work gloves
Robes and dressing gowns
Waterproof outergarments
Leather and sheep lined clothing
Apparel belts
Apparel and accessories, nee
Textile bags
Canvas and related products
Pleating and stitching
Other fabricated textile products
Paper and allied products:
Pulp mills
Die-cut paper and board
Sanitary paper products
Other converted paper products
Set-up paperboard boxes
Fiber cans, drums, and similar products
Building paper and board mills
See footnotes at end of table.

14




1972
SIC Code

2017

2021
2023
2024
2034
2035
2038
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2061
2062
2063
2066,7
2074,5,6
2077
2079
2083,7
2084
2085
2091

2092
2095
2097
2098

2099

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

7,980

7,767

7,539

7,805

7,734

7,668

7,708

7,871

14.7

15.1
2.3

16.3
2.3

19.6
2.0

15.6
18.1
16.0
22.0
34.2
17.2
6.2
6.3

15.4

18.8
2.0
16.0
18.2
16.1
18.7
35.4
17.8
5.5

17.5
2.0
15.1
20.5
16.8

20.6
2.4
15.6

22.2
2.3
15.4
21.3
16.7
20.8
48.8
19.2
5.4
9.5

O
O
18.8
15.7
23.3
34.2
16.3

O
O
13.5
17.0
8.5
10.2
10.2
19.4
19.4
10.3
12.5
14.9
14.0
17.0
16.5
32.9
12.9

O
O
O

17.8
16.6
18.8
33.1
17.7
5.8
7.3

6.9
10.3

9.3
10.6

10.3
16.5
8.9
8.0
7.2

18.7
18.1

18.5
19.0

17.0
7.7
7.6
7.5
19.8
15.4

9.9
12.3
15.6

9.3

9.2

11.9
15.5

13.4

14.9

15.6

14.6

11.7
16.2
13.8
14.3

18.0

14.5
34.6
12.4

11.7
16.7
8.4

32.1
12.4

4.9
8.3
81.1

4.8
8.2
82.3

15.0
18.6
16.5
18.7
38.4

21.1

16.8

5.1
7.1
10.1

19.4
40.8
17.8
4.9
7.7
9.0

16.2
7.8
6.0
6.6

16.3
7.1
6.0
6.5

19.0
5.4
9.1
8.7
17.2
7.2
5.7
6.8

18.8
15.9
8.7
11.3

18.4
15.6
8.2

18.8
14.5
8.1

11.0

16.1
15.0
12.3

13.0
8.0
11.3
17.1
15.7
11.0
11.4
38.8
12.4
5.1
8.8
86.6

17.9

19.7

45.6

13.4

16.6
14.4
13.4
9.4

33.8
12.1
5.0
8.0

33.1
12.3
5.0
8.2

90.5

86.2

8.3
89.7

11.1
16.1
15.0
11.8
9.9
35.8
12.4
5.2
8.7
89.8

10.2
35.6

12.3
5.7

9.1
15.8
6.9
5.5
7.4
20.5

212
213,4

7.1
12.7

6.7
11.8

5.5
13.6

5.7
11.4

5.4
12.9

4.6
12.0

3.6
10.1

3.7
10.1

2258,9

21.4
14.5
8.6
10.2

20.7
14.0
8.3
9.5

18.2

18.0
18.7
7.5
9.2

18.0

17.7

14.2
6.1
7.5
24.9
6.2
11.0
6.5
8.1

14.2
6.2
6.8
25.7
6.0
10.1
5.6
7.5

18.3
13.7

18.9
13.9
5.0
7.5
25.3
6.3
10.4
5.4
8.4

15.9
6.9
52.3
16.4
3.0

16.8
7.3

2269
2283
2284
2291-3,7,9
2294
2295
2296
2298
2322
2323
2329
235
2363
2369
237
2381
2384
2385
2386
2387

2389
2393
2394
2395

O
O
11.6

9.5
9.1
14.8
6.7
57.6
18.6
6.3
30.4

3.9
11.4
9.9
12.2

O
O
O

27.1
6.4
10.9
8.3
8.8
13.5
6.4
55.3

15.9
5.3
31.1
3.7

9.9
9.0
10.2
4.5
10.7
6.5
8.3

14.1
8.3

9.2
26.5
6.5
9.7
7.1
8.1

23.9
6.5
10.8
6.9
8.2

14.7
3.6
29.4
3.2
8.7
8.5
9.5
3.8

15.7
7.2
53.7
16.2
4.2
32.1
2.3
8.7
8.4
8.0
3.8

10.3
5.8
7.9

10.7
6.3
8.1

3.1
9.5
6.7
8.0

13.7

6.8
48.7

31.9

2.9
9.4
8.0
8.0

49.6
15.6
2.2
32.2
2.7
8.6
7.7
6.8
2.3
8.8
6.7
7.6

5.9
7.7
24.2
6.0
9.4
5.5
7.6
18.8
7.8
48.3
14.5
2.3
31.6
2.7
7.2

7.2
6.2
2.8
10.6
7.4
7.7

16.9

15.6
26.0

15.0
14.4
26.8

16.5

2397,9

8.7
15.2
17.4
28.8

14.8
29.3

13.5
30.0

31.3

17.3
14.9
33.5

261
2645
2647
2646,8,9
2652
2655
266

16.9
16.5
26.4
44.9
11.9
18.0
11.0

15.7
16.1
27.1
41.8
10.7
16.9
9.7

14.4
15.5
27.7
41.3
10.3
17.2
10.4

13.7
17.9
28.5
44.4
10.5
17.3
11.1

13.4
18.4
30.1
44.2
10.4
16.6
9.9

14.2
15.7
31.4
45.7
10.1
15.8
9.7

15.3
16.1
30.6
46.1
9.2
15.4
8.6

14.9

16.4
14.3

21.5
8.2
53.5
14.7
2.2

33.9
2.4
7.3
7.2
6.2
3.4
10.4
7.7
9.0
18.2

15.0
34.8
14.5
17.6
30.8
48.9
9.1
16.3
6.9

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1981-88—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry

1972
SIC Code

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

Nondurable goods-Continued
Printing and publishing:
Engraving and plate printing
Commercial printing, gravure
Greeting card publishing
Blankbooks and looseleaf binders
Bookbinding and related work
Typesetting
Other publishing and printing

2753
2754
277
2782
2789
2791
2793-5

11.3
11.8
23.8
39.0
23.8
28.1
16.8

10.9
12.8
24.4
38.5
23.1
28.8
17.1

11.3
12.8
23.4
39.4
23.9
28.2
16.2

11.4
13.5
23.3
40.8
26.4
30.6
17.2

11.5
15.0
24.0
43.1
27.9
32.8
17.6

11.8
14.9
22.3
44.3
27.4
33.1
17.6

12.2
15.9
23.4
44.7
27.4
33.8
18.7

11.2
16.2
23.4
46.9
28.1
35.7
20.7

Chemicals and allied products:
Alkalies and chlorine
Industrial gases
Inorganic pigments
Synthetic rubber
Cellulosic man-made fibers
Biological products
Medicinals and botanicals
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Phosphatic fertilizers
Fertilizers, mixing only
Agricultural chemicals, nee
Adhesives and sealants
Explosives
Printing ink
Other chemical preparations

2812
2813
2816
2822
2823
2831
2833
2873
2874
2875
2879
2891
2892
2893
2895,9

20.8
22.0
11.2
15.3
19.8
22.6
18.2
15.4
16.8
14.3
25.3
20.9
15.7
12.3
45.1

20.5
24.3
10.8
14.5
18.5
23.8
18.6
14.9
16.5
12.7
24.8
20.4
15.3
11.8
44.6

17.6
23.6
9.7
13.4
15.7
23.3
18.3
13.0
13.6
13.1
23.1
19.7
15.6
11.6
41.5

15.6
23.1
9.8
13.2
19.1
22.3
18.4
12.8
13.2
13.0
22.7
21.3
15.2
11.9
41.5

15.3
23.2
10.3
13.4
18.0
22.3
17.8
12.7
13.6
12.9
22.5
22.2
16.3
12.0
44.0

12.4
23.5
10.6
13.3
16.3
23.2
18.2
11.7
11.9
11.8
21.2
22.3
16.9
11.7
42.2

10.8
21.3
10.6
13.3
13.6
26.2
17.2
10.5
10.7
11.5
19.4
22.2
16.7
13.1
42.0

10.4
21.2
10.6
15.3
13.0
20.6
18.4
9.7
10.9
11.0
22.0
24.2
15.9
13.8
46.3

Petroleum and coal products:
Paving mixtures and blocks
Asphalt felts and coatings
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products

2951
2952
299

10.0
17.4
12.3

9.4
12.7
11.9

9.2
14.1
11.1

9.4
15.3
11.1

9.9
14.1
11.4

10.4
14.0
11.6

10.6
13.7
12.0

10.7
14.0
12.2

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products:
Fabricated rubber products

303,4,6

127.5

123.4

115.5

131.1

130.7

125.8

125.6

125.3

Leather and leather products:
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings
House slippers
Footwear, except rubber, nee
Leather gloves and mittens
Women's handbags and purses
Personal leather goods, nee
Leather goods, nee

313
3142
3149
315
3171
3172
319

10.7
9.1
23.5

10.4
9.3
20.6
4.2
17.2
11.6
9.1

9.4
7.6
20.3
3.4
14.6
10.8
8.3

9.4
7.0
18.7
3.4
14.2
11.0
8.2

6.9
5.9
15.1
3.3
11.7
9.6
8.1

6.3
5.1
14.0
3.2
10.4
9.2
7.9

5.8
3.9
12.1
3.1
8.5
8.3
8.4

6.6
4.6
12.8
2.9
8.4
9.0
8.9

65,245

65,510

65,862

68,570

71,573

73,958

76,390

79,268

5,102

5,070

4,923

5,063

5,155

5,200

5,274

5,437

27.9
36.3
27.4
36.1
18.6
22.0
20.7
21.0
1,067.9 1,177.3 1,227.9 1,247.0
5.8
5.6
5.9
5.2
46.0
40.0
41.4
38.3
16.8
16.7
18.3
15.3
365.0
398.7
389.3
445.3
24.1
30.5
28.6
35.4
149.1
189.5
167.7
200.2
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.4
11.7
15.0
13.0
13.6

37.1
21.4
1,301.4
5.2
37.4
14.8
481.0
36.9
206.6
6.6
15.2

38.4
25.2
1,390.9
4.5
36.5
14.8
504.0
39.3
217.3
6.1
16.6

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation:
Other railroads and switching and terminal companies
Other passenger transit services
Trucking, local and long distance
Trucking terminal facilities
Deep sea transportation
Transportation on great lakes, rivers, and canals
Certified air transportation
Noncertified air transportation
Arrangement of transportation
Rental of railroad cars
Miscellaneous transportation services

4012
414,7
421
423
441,2
443,4
451
452
472
474
478

Communication and public utilities:
Telegraph communication
Communication services, nee
Water supply
Steam supply and irrigation systems

482
489
494
496,7

Wholesale trade
Tires and tubes
Warm air heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration....
Service establishment equipment
Transportation equipment and supplies
Jewelry, watches, and precious stones
Durable goods, nee
Frozen foods
Dairy products
Poultry and poultry products
Confectionery

5014
5075,8
5087
5088
5094
5099
5142
5143
5144
5145

O
17.5
12.1

O

32.9
40.0
18.0
16.6
1,140.1 1,109.1
6.9
7.2
45.8
46.3
19.1
O
365.1
O
27.6
O
139.5
128.2
8.7
O
13.0

O

19.3
78.1
20.6

2J
5,308

O
0
O
O
0
0
0
0
0
0

19.6
102.4
20.7
3.3

18.9
120.0
20.8
2.7

18.0
133.0
21.1
3.3

16.1
143.3
21.8
3.4

15.0
143.5
22.3
3.4

12.0
136.7
22.8
3.2

11.1
132.5
23.9
3.9

5,296
31.9
57.1
61.5
34.6
36.2
63.3
23.1
39.9
26.9
34.2

5,156
31.4
56.8
63.4
30.1
35.9
59.0
24.3
40.7
27.8
37.0

5,447
32.5
61.4
67.1
31.2
38.0
60.5
25.8
41.4
24.8
40.1

5,654
31.1
62.8
71.0
32.6
40.4
62.0
27.0
43.7
24.0
40.5

5,695
30.1
61.6
73.2
32.7
42.9
60.0
27.6
44.1
23.3
41.8

5,763
29.3
62.0
76.0
33.6
43.8
63.9
28.6
47.3
23.6
44.1

5,926
29.5
65.4
82.1
38.4
46.0
71.1
30.3
47.0
22.4
45.7

See footnotes at end of table.




15

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1981-88—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade-Continued
Fish and seafoods
Groceries and related products, nee
Farm-product raw materials
Tobacco and tobacco products
Paints, varnishes, and supplies
Nondurable goods, nee

1972
SIC Code

5146
5149

0
0

1986

1987

1988

27.9
184.4
127.5
40.5
28.0
216.4

29.1
193.0
124.4
40.1
29.6
237.0

30.8
206.4
125.0
42.3
30.4
220.5

14,766
60.4
54.0
24.1
18.2
24.2
33.6
687.7
40.3
22.4
27.8
23.9
21.4
31.4
5.8
45.8
52.4
67.7
61.3
43.0
40.1
51.1

14,971
58.8
53.3
24.0
20.0
25.3
34.5
699.0
41.8
23.0
26.1
23.7
21.7
32.3
6.0
45.6
52.3
68.7
64.1
44.1
39.7
52.5

15,891
63.2
56.6
28.3
21.0
27.6
37.8
774.3
47.5
25.2
27.7
27.1
23.3
32.6
6.2
49.3
59.6
77.2
70.4
52.2
39.7
52.3

16,782
66.1
64.2
29.1
21.2
29.6
39.5
839.1
51.1
27.2
29.8
27.5
26.2
33.8
6.5
51.5
64.3
82.3
74.3
56.5
39.9
56.2

17,327
67.2
68.5
27.5
21.6
31.5
38.9
885.0
52.5
30.2
29.0
28.0
29.1
35.0
7.1
54.5
68.3
86.8
78.1
63.8
40.4
61.5

17,902
66.9
71.0
27.3
21.9
30.4
39.0
912.4
55.4
33.7
27.0
29.5
33.0
35.9
7.7
57.0
72.5
89.6
81.8
69.9
42.2
59.4

18,550
71.3
76.8
27.7
22.4
30.7
40.5
947.4
59.9
38.3
25.9
29.4
37.7
36.9
7.6
63.0
77.6
95.8
76.4
82.3
43.0
60.5

5,361
23.5
794.7
54.7
22.7
8.4
55.9
67.6
27.5
38.7
8.3
25.2
19.6

5,588
23.5
803.2
54.5
23.4
8.3
64.6
74.8
31.5
34.4
8.4
24.6
23.7

5,825
23.2
827.8
57.2
24.5
9.9
69.7
80.8
36.3
40.4
9.4
26.8
24.8

6,140
24.1
850.5
61.3
24.3
7.6
77.5
91.1
39.1
55.2
9.8
27.8
27.7

6,443
23.6
849.1
65.1
25.6
4.9
91.4
104.4
39.2
55.5
12.0
33.5
32.7

6,594
23.8
879.6
73.0
24.4
5.4
95.0

20.6

5,294
23.8
800.0
49.3
21.8
8.0
49.6
63.2
27.1
40.7
7.6
23.2
19.2

18,340

18,888

19,262

20,365

21,561

22,650

23,754

25,102

14,788
61.6
54.1
25.3

0
0
0

710.0
40.4

0
0
0

23.0
29.8

0
0
0
0

59.7

0
0
0
5,239

0
0
0

20.4

6124,5
622,3,8

0

671
672,9
673
635,9
637
654

0
0
0
0

Services

1985

27.1
174.1
133.8
39.1
27.8
207.8

0
0
0

6025,6,7,8
604,5
611,3

1984

25.7
163.8
137.0
40.1
26.9
192.2

145.4

601

1983

24.3
153.7
139.0
38.3
25.4
175.5

5194

5198
5199

1982

23.4
150.9
145.9
38.6
25.6
173.5

515

Retail trade
523
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
526
Retail nurseries and garden stores
527
Mobile home dealers
543
Fruit stores and vegetable markets
544
Candy, nut, and confectionery stores
549
Miscellaneous food stores
551
New and used car dealers
552
Used car dealers
555
Boat dealers
557
Motorcycle dealers
556,9
Trailer and automotive dealers, nee
563
Women's accessory and specialty stores
564
Children's and infant's wear stores
568
Furriers and fur shops
569
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories
5713
Floor covering stores
Drapery, upholstery, and miscellaneous home furnishings stores ... 5714,9
593
Used merchandise stores
5945
Hobby, toy, and game shops
5946,8
Camera, luggage, and leather goods stores
5963
Direct selling organizations
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Federal Reserve banks
National banks and nonincorporated private banks
Trust companies and other banking
Credit agencies other than banks, nee
State associations, noninsured
Other security, commodity brokers, and services
Holding offices
Investment offices and miscellaneous investing
Trusts
Insurance and insurance carriers, nee
Pension, health , and welfare funds
Title abstract offices

1981

46.6
53.6

103.8
42.3
57.8
13.0
36.0
30.9

Hotels and other lodging places:
Camps and trailering parks
Other lodging places

703
702,4

15.0
15.5

14.3
15.2

15.2
14.6

16.8
15.3

18.3
15.3

18.0
15.5

19.2
16.2

20.0
16.7

Personal services:
Barber shops
Shoe repair and miscellaneous personal services

724
725,9

25.7
168.4

23.9
183.2

23.8
190.4

23.4
206.6

21.2
222.6

20.1
242.0

19.3
260.7

18.5
285.1

7312,3,9
735

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

40.3
7.2
30.2
51.2
7.2
39.0
325.2

41.8
7.7
30.0
58.6
7.5
36.7
341.7

46.2
8.2
35.7
76.6
6.4
40.5
387.6

48.1
8.3
46.5
85.0
6.1
44.9
428.3

51.9
8.5
53.9
96.2
4.1
46.5
453.2

55.1
9.0
70.5
104.1
3.0
47.1
472.6

63.2
10.1
102.7
110.5
2.4
56.4

549.2

38.8
104.9
110.6
143.4
62.8

39.9
108.2
113.5
149.3
65.2

41.9
117.9
123.7
166.7
76.4

43.8
126.2
131.0
179.2
88.0

46.9
131.2
133.9
183.9
97.6

48.6
138.1
136.8
186.6
115.5

53.7
145.3
129.7
197.2
134.2

Business services:
Outdoor, radio, TV, advertising, nee
News syndicates
Personnel supply services, nee
Computer related services, nee
Trading stamp services
Commercial testing laboratories
Business services, nee
Auto repair, services, and garages:
Automobile parking
Top and body repair shops
Tire retreading, painting, and automotive repair shops, nee
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repairs
See footnotes at end of table.

16




7369
7379

7396
7397
7399
752
7531
7534,5,9
7538
754

37.5

0
0
0

64.1

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March 1981-88—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services-Continued
Miscellaneous repair services:
Reupholstery and furniture repair
Miscellaneous repair services, nee

1972
SIC Code

764
763,9

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

22.1
183.3

21.1
181.6

21.9
167.9

23.2
184.5

23.3
191.8

22.9
192.5

23.4
189.8

23.5
211.6

11.1

10.9

10.7

11.8

11.2

12.1

13.0

17.8

Motion pictures:
Motion picture distribution and services

782

Amusement and recreation services:
Producers, orchestras, entertainers
Bowling and billiard establishments
Commercial sports
Amusement and recreation services, nee

792
793
794
791,9

86.7
114.8
62.1
443.5

86.3
111.3
64.0
472.5

91.3
107.4
65.2
479.4

92.4
107.6
69.3
480.7

98.4
106.7
68.6
484.0

102.1
104.8
74.0
501.4

107.1
105.0
73.0
523.3

116.2
104.3
74.9
527.3

Health services:
Offices of osteopathic physicians
Offices of other health practitioners
Health and allied services, nee

803
804
809

25.1
104.5
O

26.3
116.2
94.9

27.5
129.9
122.0

28.7
145.6
145.9

29.4
162.4
177.4

30.7
176.6
213.3

32.3
191.9
236.8

33.3
214.2
255.0

Educational services:
Educational services, nee

823,9

69.9

69.0

65.4

71.3

72.6

77.9

83.9

96.5

Social services:
Child day care services
Social services, nee

835
839

294.6
247.9

298.2
218.2

302.7
216.0

314.7
226.0

338.7
237.4

360.7
240.2

381.0
245.3

409.9
227.3

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
Religious organizations
Political and membership organizations, nee

862
866
865,9

35.6
885.2
66.0

35.9
898.5
64.4

36.6
880.6
64.5

37.7
855.6
67.3

39.6
843.9
71.7

41.8
823.9
87.9

43.7
851.0
90.2

46.9
965.5
100.3

Miscellaneous services:
Services, nee

899

O

21.0

21.1

22.7

24.5

25.8

25.8

30.8

Agricultural services:
Veterinary services
Animal services, except veterinary
Landscape and horticultural services

074
075
078

O
O

72.9
34.1
122.4

77.2
35.4
131.4

81.9
38.2
154.2

87.0
39.7
181.0

94.1
41.4
199.2

100.4
42.2
220.4

107.6
44.3
241.0

16,468
2,769
20.4
31.2
78.8
22.8
157.7

16,196
2,725
21.2
30.2
80.6
21.5
153.6

16,189
2,755
22.1
30.3
79.3
20.7
164.3

16,216
2,779
22.2
31.5
78.2
20.6
159.6

16,596
2,839
19.1
31.7
79.7
20.6
158.9

16,946
2,908
19.1
31.9
77.3
22.2
159.2

17,254
2,916
17.3
31.5
79.2
24.5
166.7

17,659
2,968
17.0
31.5
81.0
25.4
172.8

State
State government, excluding education
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education, and social services
All other State government

3,731
2,219.1
290.0
34.4

3,744
2,198.8
259.8
41.3

3,746
2,197.7
248.1
44.0

O

0

O

191.2
124.4
1,083.6

178.0
123.7
1,122.0

3,914
3,793
2,217.4 2,263.2
237.4
228.3
46.2
45.4
O
O
183.6
180.8
124.2
122.9
1,168.7 1,229.3

4,050
3,976
2,300.9 2,341.0
189.1
207.6
45.6
45.0
2,415.0 2,438.0
175.3
173.9
125.8
119.4
1,308.4 1,378.1

4,151
2,419.6
169.3
47.7
2,478.0
184.1
117.9
1,455.9

Local
Local government, excluding education
Services
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education, and social services

9,968
9,728
4,424.9 4,215.1

9,644
4,189.6

9,843
4,231.4

0

O

114.1
166.9

117.9
177.9

10,062 10,288
4,295.8 4,381.3
6,668.0 6,822.0
114.9
114.7
187.9
198.3

10,541
4,502.0
6,970.0
112.6
203.7

110.3

199.5

245.7

179.8

Government
Federal
Small arms ammunition and ordnance
Other manufacturing
Trade
Finance
Other services

Nonclassifiable establishments
1
Not available.
N.e.c. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates
broad categories of industries which cannot be more specifically identified.




o

179.9
144.3
1,048.4

200.5
164.7

136.4
158.7

9,688
4,218.3
O
125.8
166.2

169.4

203.4

144.8

0

O

187.3

NOTE: This table includes data for totals and some industry divisions
which are published regularly.

17

Table 7. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1989
Industry
Apr.
Total

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

1

Mining

Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors

98.8
98.4

99.6
98.8

100.6
99.8

101.1
100.6

101.4
101.0

101.3
100.6

97.0
96.7

100.8
99.7

104.0
103.3

105.8
105.2

106.7
105.6

105.3
103.8

98.1
99.8
99.6
100.1
99.9
99.7
100.2
99.5

99.8
99.5
100.9

102.3
99.6
102.1
100.4
100.5
100.5
100.5
100.1
100.3
101.0
100.5
100.7

102.6
97.7

103.0
99.7
102.0
99.6
100.1
99.6
99.5
100.0
98.3
97.0
100.2
100.8

102.7
100.3
102.0
100.4
100.1
100.6
99.9
100.3
100.4
100.8
99.9
101.5

102.0
93.6
98.3
97.0
100.2
99.8

105.1

102.0
98.8
96.0

99.8
100.3
99.9
100.5
99.7
100.7
101.9
99.6
101.8

105.0
105.9
100.6
100.5
100.3
99.6
100.2
101.2
100.1
101.3

Manufacturing1
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures2
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical2
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods1
Food and kindred products2
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

100.1

100.0

99.9
99.9
100.2
99.5
100.1

101.7
98.8

100.3
98.9
99.6
99.4
98.9
98.2
100.0
97.7

100.2
99.8
99.8

100.4

96.6
94.7
99.9
100.2
99.5
100.1
99.7
99.3
100.2
99.3

97.6
93.5
100.1
100.4
99.7
99.9
99.8
100.6
100.1
100.0

100.3
94.2
100.5
101.0
101.0
100.2
100.7
101.7
100.7
101.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

99.3
99.6

100.1
99.8

100.7
100.6

99.4
101.0

99.5
100.8

101.3
100.0

Wholesale trade1
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

99.8
99.5

100.0
99.8

100.5
100.7

100.6
100.8

100.5
100.7

100.0
100.7

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places

98.9
96.5
98.9
99.5
99.7

100.0
100.2
101.8

100.9
97.6
100.3
101.0
103.3

100.5
97.7
100.5
101.3
102.6

100.7
97.8
100.2
101.4
103.0

100.4
98.0
100.0
100.9
102.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate1
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

99.7
99.9
98.9

99.8
100.0
100.5

100.7
100.3
103.0

101.0
100.5
104.0

100.7
100.3
104.0

99.8
99.7
101.6

100.2
99.3
99.8

100.4
99.7
99.8

100.8
100.5
100.4

100.9
100.7
100.5

100.7
101.1
100.3

100.3
100.9
100.0

100.0
102.7
102.2

100.2
101.5
102.6

101.0
97.1
101.5

101.1
94.6
92.9

100.4
94.5
91.6

99.4
98.2
98.1

99.8
99.9

100.7

1

Services
Business services
Health services
Government1
Federal
State
Local
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted

18




97.0
99.5

series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

Table 8. Seasonal adjustment factors for women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1989
Industry
Apr.
Total
Mining
Construction

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

1

2

100.1

99.9

100.3

101.4

100.7

99.8

99.1

99.9

101.2

102.0

102.0

101.3

98.9
100.4

100.2
100.0

101.9
99.9

100.1

99.4
100.0
99.8
99.6

99.5
99.9
99.9
99.6

101.5
97.0
100.3
98.6
98.4
99.8
99.1
99.3
99.4
96.9

102.1

99.5
100.2
100.0
100.3

102.3
99.4
101.5
100.6
100.6
100.6
100.0
100.2
100.5
100.6

94.8

95.9
91.8
100.1
100.5
99.7
100.0
99.6
(3)
100.2
100.0

99.4
92.1
100.7
100.9
101.3
100.2
101.0
(3)
100.9
101.0

102.3
89.4
98.6
96.5
100.6
99.8
100.9
(3)
98.2

100.3

100.5

1

Manufacturing

Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

100.2

100.2
100.4

99.0
101.0
100.0
99.6

100.9
100.2

100.3
99.4

99.3
99.9
98.9
100.0

100.4
99.9

100.9

102.1

108.4
99.2
100.3
99.7
100.9
99.7
(3)
99.1
101.9

107.9
109.0
100.7
100.5
100.7
99.6
100.6
(3)
99.9
102.1

98.8

100.6

100.0

100.2

100.3

100.3

100.8

99.8

99.8

100.0

100.6
93.6
87.0

99.6
97.9
97.4

100.5

1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products2
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government1
Federal
State
Local
1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.




92.3
99.8
100.4
99.1
100.3
99.4
(3)
100.1
99.2
100.0
99.5
98.5
99.8
100.4

99.9
103.1
103.6

96.3

101.0

98.9
99.6

100.2

99.9
99.7

100.6

100.0
100.0

100.7
100.9

100.3

100.3
100.0

100.3
101.5
103.8

101.1

96.6
101.1

101.3
93.7
88.5

3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficent precision.

19

Table 9. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
1989
Industry
Apr.
Total private

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

2

98.5

99.5

100.7

101.1

101.7

101.7

96.5

101.0

104.8

107.1

108.2

106.7

97.9

99.7

99.8

99.2
101.2

102.5
99.5
102.6
100.5
101.8
100.6
100.5
100.0
100.5
101.1
100.6
101.0

102.9
97.1

103.4
99.6
102.4
99.5
99.8
99.5
99.0
99.7
97.0
96.0

102.9
100.4
102.4
100.6
99.3
100.9
99.9
100.5
100.4
100.9
99.9
102.0

100.3
99.4
100.4
99.8
98.9
100.3
99.2

91.8
100.0
100.4
99.6
100.1
99.8
100.8
100.1
100.3

100.1
92.4
100.6
101.1
101.2
100.1
100.9
102.2
100.8
101.3

102.3
91.7
98.1
96.6

Transportation and public utilities

99.4

100.0

100.7

Wholesale trade

99.6

100.0

Retail trade

98.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Mining
Construction
2

Manufacturing

Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .....
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical3
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

Services
* Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.

20




99.6
100.1
100.9

100.1

99.7

99.9

100.4

100.3

99.4

99.4
100.5
100.6
99.9
99.8

100.4

100.4
99.9
99.7
95.7
93.0
99.9

101.3

96.7

101.9
98.3

101.4
98.5
99.0
98.7
97.7
97.2
99.5
97.4

100.0
101.1

106.4
99.6
100.4
99.9
100.4
99.5
100.8
102.6
99.3
102.1

106.3
107.4
100.7
100.6
100.4
99.5
100.5
101.9
100.0
101.7

100.0

100.0

100.9

100.7

100.8

100.7

100.4

100.0

100.9

100.6

100.7

100.3

99.5

99.9

101.3

101.8

101.7

100.2

100.2

100.5

100.9

101.0

100.7

100.3

100.1
99.4

100.5
102.5
98.4
95.5

2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
3
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

Table 10. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1989
Industry
Apr.
Total private

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

100.1
98.6

101.1
98.9

100.3
99.8
100.2
99.5
99.6
99.3

101.1
99.8
99.9
99.6
99.5
99.3
100.4
101.2
99.3
99.5

101.6
99.9
101.0
100.1
100.5
100.5
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.7
100.0
100.1

99.7
98.2
100.4
99.0
99.9
98.1
98.9
98.5
97.7
97.2
98.5
98.3

100.5
100.4
100.7
99.0
99.0
99.2
98.8
99.4
97.8
96.8
99.3
99.4

100.5
101.3
101.0
100.3
100.4
100.2
100.0
100.1
99.9
100.1
100.0
100.2

100.0

101.1
(3)
100.7
100.3

101.3
(3)
100.9
100.0
101.1
101.1
100.0
(3)
100.0

2

Mining

0

Construction
Manufacturing2
Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products4
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products4....
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities4
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.




100.5

100.9
99.5
99.4
98.4

f)
98.7
98.6
99.4
99.7
99.8
(3)
99.7
98.6
99.3
99.7

99.8
(3)
99.5
99.8
99.6
99.3
99.9
(3)
99.9
100.5

99.7
98.9
100.0
(3)

99.8
(3)
98.6
99.3
99.3
99.4
99.2
(3)

100.2
102.1

98.5
100.3

99.4
100.3
99.2
(3)
99.2
100.7

99.6

100.4

101.0

101.0

100.0

100.3

100.4

100.3

99.6

101.1

102.4

102.7

99.6

100.5

101.0

101.0

(3)
100.4
100.7

99.4
99.9

99.9
100.3
100.0
100.2

99.7

3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficient precision.
4
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

21

Table 11. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers on
manufacturing payrolls
1989
Industry group
Apr.

May

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

98.3
105.3

105.2
111.0

1

Manufacturing

Durable goods.
Nondurable goods

95.5
93.1

Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the

96.4
94.9

93.5
98.3

100.1
98.7

component series.

Table 12. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
1989
Industry division
Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Total private2
Mining
Construction

99.8

99.7

99.4

99.3

99.7

100.7

100.1

100.0

99.9

99.9

99.2

100.0

100.3

100.1

99.9

100.1

99.2

99.7

99.9

99.6

99.5

99.8

99.9

100.2

100.0

100.0

99.8

99.6

99.6

100.0

100.2

100.0

99.6

99.3

98.9

100.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

100.5

100.3

99.5

99.1

99.3

99.6

Services

100.2

99.7

99.1

98.6

98.5

100.0

Manufacturing
Excluding overtime
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale trade

4

Retail trade
4

Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.

22




3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with
sufficient precision.
4
No ARIMA models were identified to extend the unadjusted
series for one year. Factors shown are projected using X-11
without the ARIMA option.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

186,088
186,247
186,402
186,522
186,666
186,801
186,949
187,098

122,917
123,209
123,331
123,692
123,688
123,778
124,215
124,259

66.1
66.2
66.2
66.3
66.3
66.3
66.4
66.4

116,117
116,686
116,707
116,895
117,074
117,260
117,652
117,705

1,714
1,685
1,673
1,692
1,704
1,687
1,705
1,696

114,403
115,001
115,034
115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

3,110
3,121
3,060
3,142
3,176
3,238
3,238
3,193

111,293
111,880
111,974
112,061
112,194
112,335
112,709
112,816

6,800
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.5
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

63,171
63,038
63,071
62,830
62,978
63,023
62,734
62,839

1989:
January ....
February...
March
April
May

187,340
187,461
187,581
187,708
187,854

125,124
124,865
124,948
125,343
125,283

66.8
66.6
66.6
66.8
66.7

118,407
118,537
118,820
118,797
118,888

1,696
1,684
1,684
1,684
1,673

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215

3,300
3,223
3,206
3,104
3,112

113,411
113,630
113,930
114,009
114,102

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395

5.4
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1

62,216
62,596
62,633
62,365
62,571

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability'' under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Civilian

Resident
Armed
Forces

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN

1

1978
1979

78,107
79,509

61,151
62,215

78.3
78.2

58,010
59,096

1,531
1,489

56,479
57,607

2,718
2,686

53,761
54,921

3,142
3,120

5.1
5.0

16,956
17,293

1980
1981

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60s892
62,107
63,273

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930

1982

1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

1988

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December

68,638

76.6
76.6
76.5
76.7
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.4

64,672
64,894
64,941
64,931
65,015
64,976
65,074
65,055

1,553
1,523
1,512
1,529
1,540
1,526
1,542
1,534

63,119
63,371
63,429
63,402
63,475
63,450
63,532
63,521

2,452
2,448
2,475
2,491
2,488
2,544
2,533
2,477

60,667
60,923
60,954
60,911
60,987
60,906
60,999
61,044

3,737
3,542
3,520
3,754
3,589
3,593
3,612
3,583

5.5
5.2
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2

20,878
20,931
20,984
20,819
20,973
21,068
21,030
21,154

69,032
69,113
69,190
69,360
69,114

76.8
76.8
76.9
77.0
76.7

65,322
65,572
65,920
65,767
65,713

1,532
1,521
1,521
1,521
1,511

63,790
64,051
64,399
64,246
64,202

2,501
2,509
2,497
2,440
2,447

61,289
61,542
61,902
61,806
61,755

3,710
3,540
3,270
3,593
3,401

5.4
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.9

20,882
20,860
20,842
20,734
21,053

89,287
89,367
89,445
89,504
89,577
89,637
89,716
89,792

68,409
68,436
68,461
68,685
68,604
68,569

89,914
89,973
90,032
90,094
90,167

1989:
January
February
March
April
May

Annual averages
WOMEN
19781

1979
1980
1981

1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

85,434
86,951

42,731
44,343

50.0
51.0

39,669
41,325

100
108

39,569
41,217

661

38,900
40,556

3,061
3,018

7.2
6.8

42,703
42,608

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..
December..

96,957
97,018
97,089
97,164
97,234
97,306

54,508
54,773
54,870
55,007
55,084
55,209
55,529
55,621

56.3
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.8
57.1
57.2

51,445
51,792
51,766
51,964
52,059
52,284
52,578
52,650

161
162
161
163
164
161
163
162

51,284
51,630
51,605
51,801
51,895
52,123
52,415
52,488

658
673
585
651
688
694
705
716

50,626
50,957
51,020
51,150
51,207
51,429
51,710
51,772

3,063
2,981
3,104
3,043
3,025
2,925
2,951
2,971

5.6
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3

42,293
42,107
42,087
42,011
42,005
41,955
41,705
41,685

97,427
97,488
97,550
97,614
97,687

56,091
55,752
55,758
55,983
56,169

57.6
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.5

53,085
52,965
52,900
53,029
53,175

164
163
163
163
162

52,921
52,802
52,737
52,866
53,013

799
713

52,122
52,089
52,028
52,203
52,347

3,006
2,787
2,858
2,953
2,994

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3

41,336
41,736
41,792
41,631
41,518

96,801

1989:
January ...
February..
March
April
May

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.

24




2

663
666

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6

8,312
8,237
7,425

6,701

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

184,374
184,562
184,729
184,830
184,962
185,114
185,244
185,402

121,203
121,524
121,658
122,000
121,984
122,091
122,510
122,563

65.7
65.8
65.9
66.0
66.0
66.0
66.1
66.1

114,403
115,001
115,034
115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

6,800
6,523
6,624
6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.6
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3

5.6
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3

5.6
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4

185,644
185,777
185,897
186,024
186,181

123,428
123,181
123,264
123,659
123,610

66.5
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.4

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395

5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2

5.5
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.0

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3

1989:

January ....
February ...
March
April
May

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

186,181
14,224
6,885
7,339
18,100
103,328
42,865
21,173
21,692
35,799
19,269
16,530
24,666
13,413
11,252
21,390
10,656
10,734
29,137
10,045
7,778
11,313

Not in labor force
Unemployed
Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

123,196
7,617
2,936
4,681
14,007
86,148
35,790
17,622
18,168
30,459
16,326
14,133
19,899
11,135
8,763
11,871
7,093
4,777
3,553
2,157
885
510

66.2
53.6
42.6
63.8
77.4
83.4
83.5
83.2
83.8
85.1
84.7
85.5
80.7
83.0
77.9
55.5
66.6
44.5
12.2
21.5
11.4
4.5

117,039
6,459
2,471
3,988
12,864
82,741
33,940
16,597
17,343
29,445
15,715
13,730
19,356
10,817
8,538
11,503
6,873
4,630
3,472
2,095
865
511

6,156
1,158
465
693
1,143
3,406
1,850
1,025
825
1,013
610
404
543
318
225
368
221
147
81
62
18
1

5.0
15.2
15.8
14.8
8.2
4.0
5.2
5.8
4.5
3.3
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
2.6
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.3
2.9
2.0
.2

62,985
6,607
3,949
2,658
4,093
17,181
7,074
3,550
3,524
5,340
2,945
2,396
4,767
2,278
2,489
9,520
3,563
5,957
25,584
7,888
6,895
10,801

26,907
355
106
250
1,504
11,705
4,926
2,313
2,613
3,687
2,078
1,593
3,091
1,467
1,624
4,463
1,898
2,565
8,879
2,801
2,419
3,659

8,737
5,753
3,659
2,094
1,899
1,042
722
512
211
258
152
106
62
39
23
30
10
20
13
1
6
7

3,638
25
11
14
68
1,388
328
177
151
463
188
275
596
312
283
855
429
426
1,302
342
273
687

23,704
474
174
300
621
3,048
1,097
549
549
932
509
422
1,018
460
559
4,170
1,225
2,945
15,390
4,745
4,197
6,449

88,656
7,131
3,510
3,621
8,790
50,532
21,108
10,386
10,723
17,481
9,439
8,042
11,943
6,501
5,442
10,074
5,071
5,004
12,127
4,583
3,367
4,176

67,469
3,969
1,557
2,412
7,382
47,272
19,873
9,659
10,214
16,510
8,939
7,571
10,889
5,994
4,895
6,768
4,002
2,766
2,078
1,216
530
332

76.1
55.7
44.4
66.6
84.0
93.5
94.1
93.0
95.3
94.4
94.7
94.2
91.2
92.2
89.9
67.2
78.9
55.3
17.1
26.5
15.7
8.0

64,220
3,321
1,289
2,032
6,783
45,530
18,957
9,173
9,784
15,964
8,610
7,353
10,609
5,829
4,780
6,542
3,873
2,669
2,044
1,186
524
333

3,249
648
269
379
599
1,742
916
486
430
546
328
218
280
165
115
225
129
97
35
30
5

4.8
16.3
17.3
15.7
8.1
3.7
4.6
5.0
4.2
3.3
3.7
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.4
3.3
3.2
3.5
1.7
2.5
.9

21,186
3,162
1,952
1,210
1,408
3,260
1,235
726
509
971
501
470
1,054
507
547
3,307
1,069
2,238
10,048
3,367
2,838
3,843

568
21
18
3
37
180
47
20
26
61
43
18
72
26
46
92
29
63
237
82
40
115

4,332
2,854
1,830
1,025
1,028
434
325
246
79
79
44
35
31
17
14
12
1
11
4
3
2

2,048
18
6
11
50
913
241
128
113
310
135
175
361
205
155
536
273
263
532
189
126
217

14,238
270
98
171
293
1,735
623
332
291
521
279
242
591
259
332
2,666
765
1,901
9,275
3,097
2,668
3,510

97,525
7,093
3,375
3,718
9,310
52,796
21,756
10,787
10,969
18,318
9,830
8,488
12,722
6,912
5,810
11,316
5,586
5,731
17,010
5,462
4,411
7,137

55,726
3,648
1,379
2,270
6,625
38,875
15,917
7,963
7,954
13,949
7,387
6,562
9,009
5,141
3,868
5,103
3,092
2,012
1,474
941
355
178

57.1
51.4
40.8
61.0
71.2
73.6
73.2
73.8
72.5
76.1
75.1
77.3
70.8
74.4
66.6
45.1
55.3
35.1
8.7
17.2
8.0
2.5

52,819
3,138
1,182
1,955
6,082
37,212
14,983
7,424
7,559
13,482
7,105
6,377
8,746
4,988
3,758
4,961
2,999
1,961
1,428
909
341
178

2,907
511
196
314
543
1,665
934
539
395
467
282
186
263
153
110
143
92
50
46
32
13
1

5.2
14.0
14.2
13.8
8.2
4.3
5.9
6.8
5.0
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.1
3.4
3.7
.3

41,799
3,445
1,997
1,448
2,685
13,921
5,839
2,824
3,015
4,369
2,444
1,926
3,713
1,771
1,942
6,213
2,494
3,719
15,536
4,521
4,057
6,958

26,339
334
88
247
1,467
11,525
4,880
2,293
2,587
3,627
2,052
1,575
3,019
1,441
1,578
4,371

4,405
2,898
1,829
1,070
872
608
398
266
132
179
108
71
31
22
9
18
9
9
8
1
3
5

1,590
8
5
3
18
475
87
49
38
153
53
100
235
107
128
319
156
163
770
153
147
470

9,465
205
75
129
328
1,313
474
217
258
410
230
180
428
201
227
1,505
460
1,044
6,116
1,648
1,529
2,939

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

26




2,502
8,642
2,719
2,379
3,544

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstltutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

159,200
11,572
5,538
6,034
14,904
87,844
35,976
17,733
18,244
30,646

Going
to
school

Percent
of
population

Employed

105,898
6,593
2,583
4,010
11,795
73,779
30,322
14,926
15,396
26,211

66.5
57.0
46.6
66.5
79.1
84.0
84.3
84.2
84.4
85.5

101,412
5,734
2,199
3,535
11,006
71,306
29,038
14,225
14,813
25,435

4,486
859
383
475
789
2,473
1,284
701
582
776

4.2
13.0
14.8
11.9
6.7
3.4
4.2
4.7
3.8
3.0

53,302
4,979
2,955
2,024
3,109
14,065
5,654
2,806
2,849
4,435

23,301
274
88
186
1,155
9,927
4,063
1,912
2,152
148

14,303
21,222
11,522
9,700
18,769
9,275
9,494
26,111
8,883
6,993
10,235

12,287
17,247
9,651
7,596
10,546
6,269
4,277
3,184
1,926
783
475

85.9
81.3
83.8
78.3
56.2
67.6
45.0
12.2
21.7
11.2
4.6

11,962
16,834
9,420
7,414
10,245
6,093
4,152
3,121
1,879
768
474

326
413
231
183
301
176
125
63
47
14
1

2.7
2.4
2.4
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.0
2.4
1.8
.2

2,016
3,975
1,871
2,104
8,223
3,006
5,217
22,927
6,957
6,209
9,761

1,408
2,695
1,269
1,473
3,911
1,647
2,264
8,034
2,475
2,188
3,370

76,395
5,829
2,832
2,997
7,290
43,500
17,925
8,805
9,120
15,173
8,119
7,054
10,402
5,663
4,739
8,910
4,454
4,455
10,866
4,058
3,035
3,774

58,725
3,460
1,380
2,080
6,236
41,074
17,036
8,275
8,761
14,441
7,743
6,698
9,598
5,276
4,322
6,077
3,579
2,498
1,878
1,094
474
310

76.9
59.4
48.7
69.4
85.5
94.4
95.0
94.0
96.1
95.2
95.4
95.0
92.3
93.2
91.2
68.2
80.3
56.1
17.3
27.0
15.6
8.2

56,333
2,979
1,162
1,816
5,819
39,799
16,380
7,935
8,445
14,034
7,511
6,523
9,385
5,151
4,234
5,888
3,467
2,421
1,848
1,070
469
310

2,393
482
218
264
418
1,275
656
340
315
407
232
175
213
125
88
189
112
77
29
24
5

4.1
13.9
15.8
12.7
6.7
3.1
3.8
4.1
3.6
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.2
2.4
2.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
1.6
2.2
1.1

17,669
2,369
1,452
917
1,054
2,425
889
530
360
732
376
356
804
387
417
2,833
876
1,957
8,989
2,964
2,560
3,465

442
16
12
4
28
112
28
13
15
40
25
14
45
15
29
76
21
55
210
63
39
108

3,297
2,156
1,351
805
799
327
247
189
58
54
28
27
26
15
11
9

82,805
5,743
2,705
3,038
7,614
44,344
18,051
8,928
9,124
15,473
8,224
7,249
10,820
5,859
4,961
9,860
4,821
5,039
15,244
4,825
3,958
6,461

47,172
3,133
1,202
1,930
5,559
32,705
13,286
6,651
6,635
11,770
6,181
5,589
7,649
4,375
3,274
4,469
2,691
1,779
1,306
832
309
165

57.0
54.6
44.4
63.6
73.0
73.8
73.6
74.5
72.7
76.1
75.2
77.1
70.7
74.7
66.0
45.3
55.8
35.3
8.6
17.2
7.8
2.6

45,079
2,756
1,037
1,718
5,187
31,507
12,658
6,290

2,093
377
165
212
372
1,198
628
361
267
370
219
151
200
106
95
113
64
48
34
23
9
1

4.4
12.0
13.7
11.0
6.7
3.7
4.7
5.4
4.0
3.1
3.5
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.9
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.9
.4

35,633
2,610
1,503
1,107
2,055
11,640
4,765
2,276
2,489
3,703
2,043
1,660
3,171
1,484
1,687
5,390
2,130
3,260
13,938
3,993
3,649
6,296

22,859
258
76
182
1,128
9,815
4,036
1,899
2,137
3,129
1,749
1,381
2,650
1,250
1,400
3,835
1,626
2,209
7,823
2,412
2,149
3,262

3,359
2,188
1,363
824
696
455
294
183
111
133
80
53
28
21
7
15
6
9
6

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

6,655
4,344
2,714
1,630
1,495
782
541
372
169

2,768
17
9
8
38
1,049
250
130
121

20,579
343
144
200
421
2,307
799
393
407
390

228
422
221
202
652
330
323
1,011
249
227
535

313
805
349
455
3,636
1,023
2,613
13,872
4,233
3,788
5,851

1,554
12
6
6
28
695
182
91
91
248
102
146
265
151
114
405
214
192
413
138
103
171

12,377
184
82
101
199
1,290
432
237
196
390
221
169
468
205
263
2,343
642
1,701
8,361
2,763
2,415
3,184

1,214
5
2
2
10
354
68
39
30
128
46
82
157
70
88
247
116
131
599
111
124
364

8,202
160
61
99
222
1,017
367
156
211
313
169
144
336
144
192
1,293
381
911
5,511
1,470
1,373
2,667

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

9
4
3
2

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




11,401
5,962
5,439
7,449
4,269
3,180
4,357
2,626
1,731
1,272
809
299
164

3
3

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

20,986
2.173
1,095
1,077
2,487
11.756
5,306
2.678
2,628
3,871
2,189
1,682
2,579
1,373
1,206
2,123
1,103
1,019
2,446
899
1,548

13,372
857
280
577
1,758
9,454
4,268
2,138
2,131
3,225
1,816
1,409
1,960
1,063
898
1,018
632
386
285
171
113

63.7
39.4
25.6
53.5
70.7
80.4
80.4
79.8
81.1
83.3
83.0
83.8
76.0
77.4
74.5
48.0
57.3
37.9
11.6
19.0
7.3

11,882
572
202
370
1,442
8,632
3,759
1,848
1,911
3,012
1,672
1,340
1,861
1,000
861
967
599
369
268
158
110

1,491
285
79
207
316
821
509
290
219
213
144
70
99
62
37
51
34
18
17
14
3

11.1
33.3
28.1
35.8
18.0
8.7
11.9
13.6
10.3
6.6
7.9
5.0
5.1
5.8
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.5
5.9
8.2
2.7

7,613
1,316
815
500
729
2,302
1,038
541
497
646
373
273
619
311
308
1,104
471
633
2,161
727
1,434

2,773
68
15
53
298
1,265
635
306
329
341
207
134
289
148
143
448
210
237
694
249
445

1,481
1,127
772
354
222
124
78
65
14
39
31
8
7
3
4
5
2
2
3
1
2

809
7
2
6
30
318
75
45
30
79
38
41
164
85
78
188
86
101
266
84
182

2,550
113
26
87
179
595
250
125
125
186
97
89
159
74
84
464
172
293
1,199
393
805

9,423
1,071
551
519
1,133
5,273
2,403
1,213
1,191
1,727
977
750
1.143
610
533
959
500
458
986
393
594

6,655
433
143
290
910
4,636
2,159
1,079
1,080
1,544
878
666
934
511
423
531
331
200
145
81
63

70.6
40.4
25.9
56.0
80.3
87.9
89.8
89.0
90.7
89.4
89.8
88.9
81.6
83.7
79.3
55.4
66.3
43.6
14.7
20.7
10.7

5,889
273
94
179
748
4,225
1,933
952
981
1,421
794
627
872
475
396
502
318
185
140
76
64

767
160
49
111
162
410
225
127
98
123
84
39
62
35
27
29
14
16
5
5

11.5
37.0
34.2
38.4
17.8
8.9
10.4
11.8
9.1
8.0
9.5
5.9
6.7
6.9
6.3
5.5
4.1
7.8
3.3
6.3

2,767
637
409
228
223
638
245
134
111
183
99
84
210
100
110
427
168
259
842
311
530

92
4
6
-1
10
47
15
7
9
12
9
3
20
8
13
11
5
6
20
16
4

696
554
388
164
111
29
11
12

463
5
5
22
203
57
35
23
54
31
23
92
52
40
123
54
69
110
46
64

1,513
74
14
60
80
356
161
81
80
101
46
55
94
38
56
291
109
182
712
249
462

11,563
1.102
544
558
1,354
6,483
2,903
1,465
1,437
2,144
1,212
932
1,436
763
673
1,164
604
561
1,460
506
954

6,717
424
137
286
848
4,818
2,110
1,059
1,051
1,681
938
743
1.027
552
475
487
301
186
140
90
50

58.1
38.5
25.3
51.3
62.6
74.3
72.7
72.3
73.1
78.4
77.4
79.7
71.5
72.3
70.6
41.8
49.9
33.2
9.6
17.8
5.2

5,993
299
108
191
694
4,407
1,826
896
930
1,591
878
713
990
525
465
465
281
184
128
82
46

724
125
30
95
154
411
284
163
121
90
60
31
37
27
10
22
20
2
12
9
3

10.8
29.5
21.7
33.3
18.2
8.5
13.4
15.4
11.5
5.4
6.4
4.1
3.6
4.9
2.0
4.5
6.6
1.1
8.7
9.6

4,846
678
406
272
506
1,664
793
407
386
463
274
189
409
211
198
677
303
375
1,320
416
904

2,680
64
9
54
288
1,218
620
299
320
329
198
131
269
140
130
437
205
231
674
233
441

784
573
384
190
111
95
67
53
14
24
18
5
4
2
2
3
2

345
2
2
1
8
115
18
10
7
25
7
18
72
33
38
65
33
32
156
38
118

1,037
39
12
27
99
239
89
44
45
85
51
34
65
36
28
173
63
111
487
144
343

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

15
13
3
3
1
2
2

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

28




3
1
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

26,981
2,653
1,347
1,305
3,196
15,485
6,889
3,441
3,447
5,153
2,926
2,227
3,444
1,891
1,553
2,621
1,381
1,240
3,026
1,163
787
1,077

17,298
1,024
353
671
2,211
12,369
5,469
2,697
1,525
4,248
2,402
1,846
2,652
1,485
1,167
1,325
824
501
369
231
101
36

64.1
38.6
26.2
51.4
69.2
79.9
79.4
78.4
44.2
82.4
82.1
62.9
77.0
78.5
75.1
50.5
59.7
40.4
12.2
19.9
12.8
3.3

15,627
725
271
453
1,858
11,435
4,902
2,373
2,529
4,011
2,242
1,768
2,522
1,397
1,125
1,258
780
478
351
217
99
36

208
6
1
5
22
133
65
35
30
42
24
18
26
17
9
19
15
5
27
12
9
7

12,261
1,302
677
625
1,500
7,033
3,183
1,581
1,602
2,308
1,320
988
1,542
838
704
1,165
616
548
1,261
526
334
401

8,744
509
177
332
1,146
6,198
2,837
1,385
1,453
2,069
1,196
873
1,291
718
573
691
423
268
201
122
56
22

71.3
39.1
26.1
53.1
76.4
88.1
89.1
87.6
90.7
89.6
90.6
88.4
83.8
85.7
81.5
59.3
68.6
48.8
15.9
23.3
16.8
5.5

7,887
343
126
216
964
5,731
2,577
1,239
1,338
1,929
1,099
830
1,224
678
546
654
407
248
195
117
57
22

14,720
1,350
670
680
1,696
8,452
3,705
1,860
1,845
2,845
1,606
1,239
1,902
1,053
849
1,456
765
692
1,766
637
453
676

8,554
516
176
339
1,066
6,171
2,631
1,312
1,319
2,179
1,206
973
1,361
767
594
634
401
233
168
109
45
14

58.1
38.2
26.3
49.9
62.9
73.0
71.0
70.5
71.5
76.6
75.1
78.5
71.5
72.8
70.0
43.5
52.4
33.7
9.5
17.1
9.9
2.1

7,740
382
145
237
894
5,704
2,325
1,134
1,191
2,081
1,143
938
1,298
719
579
604
373
231
156
100
42
14

Unemployed

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Not in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

15,420
719
271
448
1,836
11,302
4,837
2,338
2,499
3,969
2,218
1,750
2,496
1,380
1,116
1,239
765
474
324
205
89
30

1,671
300
82
218
353
934
566
324
242
237
160
78
130
88
42
67
44
22
18
15
3

9.7
29.3
23.2
32.5
16.0
7.6
10.4
12.0
15.9
5.6
6.7
4.2
4.9
5.9
3.6
5.0
5.4
4.5
4.8
6.5
3.0

9,683
1,628
994
634
984
3,117
1,420
744
676
905
525
381
792
407
385
1,297
557
739
2,657
931
685
1,041

171
6
1
5
15
113
53
34
20
38
22
16
22
15
7
13
9
4
25
10

7,716
337
125
211
949
5,618
2,524
1,205
1,318
1,892
1,077
814
1,202
663
539
642
397
244
171
107
48
16

857
166
51
115
182
467
260
146
114
140
97
43
67
40
27
37
16
20
5
6

9.8
32.6
28.6
34.8
15.9
7.5
9.2
10.5
7.9
6.7
8.1
4.9
5.2
5.6
4.7
5.3
3.9
7.5
2.7
4.7

3,517
793
500
293
354
836
346
196
150
239
125
115
250
120
130
474
193
281

36

7,704
382
145
237
887
5,684
2,313
1,133
1,181
2,077
1,141
936
1,294
717
577
597
368
230
154
98
41
14

814
134
31
102
171
467
306
178
128
98
63
35
63
48
15
30
28
2
12
9
3

9.5
25.9
17.7
30.2
16.1
7.6
11.6
13.6
9.7
4.5
5.2
3.6
4.6
6.2
2.6
4.7
7.0
.9
7.3
8.1

6,166
835
494
341
630
2,281
1,074
548
526
666
400
266
541
287
255
823
364
459
1,597
528
408
662

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1,060
403
277
379

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

8
20
12
1
10
4
2
2
4
2
2
6
5
1
2
2
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

184,374
120,775
65.5
114,222
3,292
110,930
6,553
5.4
63,599

186,181
123,196
66.2
117,039
3,284
113,755
6,156
5.0
62,985

80,402
62,696
78.0
59,745
2,336
57,409
2,952
4.7
17,706

81,524
63,500
77.9
60,899
2,385
58,514
2,602
4.1
18,024

89,382
50,426
56.4
48,018
644
47,373
2,409
4.8
38,956

90,432
52,078
57.6
49,682
668
49,013
2,396
4.6
38,354

14,590
7,652
52.4
6,459
312
6,147
1,193
15.6
6,937

14,224
7,617
53.6
6,459
232
6,227
1,158
15.2
6,607

158,034
104,125
65.9
99,414
3,037
96,378
4,711
4.5
53,909

159,200
105,898
66.5
101,412
3,077
98,335
4,486
4.2
53,302

69,781
54,703
78.4
52,523
2,119
50,404
2,180
4.0
15,078

70,566
55,265
78.3
53,354
2,219
51,135
1,911
3.5
15,300

76,377
42,808
56.0
41,145
624
40,522
1,663
3.9
33,569

77,063
44,039
57.1
42,324
632
41,692
1,716
3.9
33,023

11,876
6,614
55.7
5,746
294
5,452
868
13.1
5,262

11,572
6,593
57.0
5,734
226
5,508
859
13.0
4,979

20,650
13,042
63.2
11,440
192
11,248
1,602
12.3
7,608

20,986
13,372
63.7
11,882
158
11,724
1,491
11.1
7,613

8,196
6,123
74.7
5,465
165
5,301
658
10.7
2,073

8,352
6,222
74.5
5,616
128
5,489
606
9.7
2,129

10,274
6,061
59.0
5,414
13
5,401
647
10.7
4,213

10,461
6,293
60.2
5,694
25
5,668
599
9.5
4,168

2,180
857
39.3
560
14
546
297
34.6
1,323

2,173
857
39.4
572
5
567
285
33.3
1,316

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

30




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,160
10,655
4,505

7,463
4,901
2,562

49.2
46.0
56.9

6,617
4,252
2,365

1,157
384
774

5,459
3,869
1,591

846
648
198

321
199
123

524
449
75

11.3
13.2
7.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

8,806
6,354
5,519
835

3,967
3,495
2,732
764

45.1
55.0
49.5
91.5

3,392
3,225
2,487
737

224
933
445
488

3,168
2,291
2,042
249

575
271
245
26

157
164
147
17

418
107
98
9

14.5
7.7
9.0
3.4

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,674
5,380
2,295

3,801
2,532
1,270

49.5
47.1
55.3

3,332
2,166
1,167

637
234
403

2,696
1,932
764

366
103

196
124
72

273
242
30

12.3
14.5
8.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,601
3,073
2,711
362

2,170
1,631
1,292
340

47.2
53.1
47.6
93.8

1,821
1,511
1,184
327

155
481
241
241

1,666
1,030
943
87

348
120
108
13

121
75
69
7

228
45
39
6

16.1
7.4
8.3
3.7

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,486
5,275
2,211

3,662
2,369
1,293

48.9
44.9
58.5

3,284
2,086
1,198

521
150
371

2,764
1,937
827

377
282
95

125
75
50

252
207
45

10.3
11.9
7.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,205
3,281
2,808
473

1,797
1,864
1,440
424

42.7
56.8
51.3
89.7

1,571
1,714
1,303
410

452
204
248

1,502
1,262
1,099
163

227
150
137
14

36
89
78
10

190
62
59
3

12.6
8.1
9.5
3.2

12,325
8,572
3,753

6,445
4,235
2,210

52.3
49.4
58.9

5,809
3,757
2,052

997
341
656

4,812
3,416
1,396

635
478
157

240
147
93

396
331
65

9.9
11.3
7.1

Men
Women

6,243
6,082

3,286
3,158

52.6
51.9

2,936
2,873

555
442

2,382
2,430

350
285

154
86

196
200

10.6
9.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,028
5,297
4,581
715

3,419
3,025
2,371
655

48.6
57.1
51.7
91.5

2,992
2,818
2,186
632

191
806
389
417

2,801
2,011
1,797
215

427
208
185
23

117
123
109
14

310
85
76

12.5
6.9
7.8
3.5

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

2,122
1,663
459

762
531
232

35.9
31.9
50.6

562
365
197

120
35
85

442
330
112

200
165
35

72
48
25

128
118
10

26.3
31.2
15.1

Men
Women

1,050
1,072

395
368

37.6
34.3

279
283

56
63

223
219

116
85

38
34

77
51

29.3
23.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,449
673
589
85

438
324
246
78

30.2
48.2
41.8
92.5

295
267
192
75

26
93
42
51

269
174
150
24

143
57
54
3

37
35
32
4

106
22
22

32.7
17.7
22.0
4.1

1,210
884
326

517
312
206

42.8
35.3
63.1

437
242
195

116
24
92

321
217
104

81
70
10

42
35
7

39
35
3

15.6
22.5
5.1

Men
Women

587
623

280
237

47.7
38.1

220
217

63
53

157
164

60
21

38
4

22
17

21.3
8.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

860
350
282
68

290
228
161
66

33.7
65.0
57.2

218
219
155
64

30
86
38
48

188
133
117
16

72
8
7
2

36
6
4
2

36
2
3

24.9
3.7
4.2

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

17,164
3,570
13,594

14,161
2,717
11,445

82.5
76.1
84.2

12,706
2,206
10,500

10,908
1,680
9,227

1,798
526
1,272

1,455
510
945

1,322
459
863

134
51
82

10.3
18.8
8.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,049
8,694
3,095
1,327

2,724
7,364
2,802
1,270

67.3
84.7
90.5
95.8

2,229
6,689
2,569
1,220

1,789
5,807
2,197
1,114

439
882
371
106

496
676
234
50

452
617
204
48

43
59
29
2

18.2
9.2
8.3
4.0

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,247
1,752
6,496

7,550
1,437
6,112

91.5
82.1
94.1

6,771
1,155
5,616

6,109
951
5,158

662
204
458

778
282
497

734
259
475

44
23
22

10.3
19.6
8.1

2,124
4,188
1,376
558

1,770
3,930
1,312
538

83.3
93.8
95.3
96.3

1,480
3,579
1,205
507

1,275
3,280
1,086
467

205
299
119
40

290
351
107
31

278
325
101
30

12
26
6
1

16.4
8.9
8.1
5.7

8,917
1,818
7,099

6,612
1,279
5,332

74.1
70.4
75.1

5,935
1,051
4,884

4,798
729
4,069

1,136
322
814

677
228
449

588
200
388

89
29
60

10.2
17.9
8.4

1,924
4,506
1,719
768

954
3,435
1,490
733

49.6
76.2
86.7
95.3

748
3,110
1,364
713

514
2,527
1,111
647

235
583
253
66

206
325
127
19

174
292
104
18

32
33
23
1

21.6
9.5
8.5
2.7

14,151
3,000
11,152

11,944
2,358
9,586

84.4
78.6
86.0

10,931
1,977
8,954

9,471
1,525
7,946

1,460
452
1,008

1,013
381
632

905
340
565

108
41
67

8.5
16.2
6.6

Men
Women

6,876
7,275

6,410
5,534

93.2
76.1

5,861
5,070

5,359
4,113

502
958

549
464

516
388

33
75

8.6
8.4

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,305
7,149
2,535
1,162

2,350
6,177
2,301
1,115

71.1
86.4
90.8
96.0

1,966
5,742
2,150
1,073

1,601
5,044
1,841
985

365
698
310
88

385
435
151
42

344
392
129
40

40
44
22
2

16.4
7.0
6.5
3.8

2,538
509
2,029

1,853
326
1,526

73.0
64.1
75.2

1,452
207
1,245

1,156
139
1,017

296
67
229

401
120
281

379
110
269

21
10
11

21.6
36.7
18.4

Men
Women

1,153
1,384

948
904

82.2
65.3

742
710

602
554

140
156

206
195

197
182

9
12

21.7
21.5

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

633
1,361
449
96

306
1,046
407
94

48.4
76.8
90.6
98.4

202
823
341
87

137
656
287
75

65
166
53
12

105
223

103
211
59
7

2
12
7

34.2
21.3
16.3
7.2

2,126
502
1,624

1,678
377
1,301

78.9
75.2
80.1

1,490
307
1,183

1,334
254
1,080

156
53
102

70
118

175
62
113

14
9
5

11.2
18.6
9.1

Men
Women

1,115
1,011

1,022
656

91.6
64.9

926
563

855
480

72
84

96
93

95
80

1
12

9.4
14.1

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,075
829
179
43

788
683
167
40

73.3
82.4
93.5

672
628
153
38

590
576
132
36

82
52

116
56
15
2

101
58
15
2

15

14.7
8.2
8.7

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

32




21
1

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age
May
1988

May
1989

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,900
5,975
718
2,214
3,043
1,925

7,927
5,570
505
1,789
3,276
2,357

7,290
5,696
677
2,095
2,924
1,594

7,231
5,278
460
1,685
3,133
1,953

6,984
5,440
618
2,005
2,817
1,544

7,012
5,106
430
1,621
3,055
1,906

306
256
59
90
107
50

219
172
30
64
78
47

4.2
4.5
8.7
4.3
3.7
3.1

3.0
3.3
6.5
3.8
2.5
2.4

20,284
9,048
6,751
4,485

21,342
9,348
7,358
4,636

19,115
8,539
6,409
4,167

20,216
8,922
6,973
4,321

18,334
8,167
6,167
4,000

19,474
8,567
6,721
4,186

781
372
242
167

742
355
252
135

4.1
4.4
3.8
4.0

3.7
4.0
3.6
3.1

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
May 1989
Unemployed

Employed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

96,684
2,063
264
1,799
94,620
10,002
84,619
73,405
11,214

95,155
1,978
254
1,724
93,177
9,778
83,399
72,354
11,045

1,529
85
10
75
1,443
224
1,220
1,051
169

20,355
4,395
2,206
2,188
15,960
2,863
13,098
9,337
3,761

17,260
4,076
2,155
1,920
13,184
2,261
10,924
7,564
3,361

3,095
319
51
268
2,776
602
2,174
1,773
400

5,061
658
157
501
4,404
985
3,418
3,076
343

1,095
501
309
192
594
157
437
331
106

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

57,539
1,185
56,355
5,561
50,794
43,759
7,035

56,657
1,137
55,520
5,426
50,094
43,161
6,933

882
48
835
135
700
598
102

6,680
2,136
4,544
1,222
3,323
1,771
1,552

5,400
1,978
3,422
930
2,493
1,083
1,410

1,280
158
1,122
292
830
688
142

2,821
383
2,438
547
1,890
1,696
195

428
265
163
52
111
47
65

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,145
879
38,266
4,440
33,825
29,646
4,180

38,498
841
37,657
4,351
33,305
29,193
4,113

647
38
609
89
520
453
67

13,675
2,259
11,416
1,641
9,774
7,565
2,209

11,860
2,098
9,762
1,331
8,431
6,480
1,951

1,815
161
1,654
310
1,343
1,085
258

2,240
275
1,965
438
1,527
1,380
147

667
236
431
105
326
284
41

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50,630
1,087
49,543
4,827
44,716
38,377
6,340

49,880
1,046
48,834
4,702
44,132
37,880
6,253

750
41
709
125
584
497
87

5,703
1,892
3,811
992
2,820
1,422
1,397

4,752
1,774
2,978
799
2,179
905
1,274

951
118
833
193
641
517
123

2,075
295
1,779
375
1,405
1,241
163

318
186
131
43
89
35
54

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

32,873
780
32,093
3,775
28,318
24,645
3,673

32,327
748
31,579
3,689
27,890
24,278
3,612

546
32
514
86
428
367
61

12,206
1,975
10,230
1,413
8,817
6,862
1,956

10,752
1,835
8,916
1,171
7,745
5,990
1,755

1,454
140
1,314
242
1,072
872
201

1,561
191
1,370
283
1,088
971
117

531
186
346
89
256
227
29

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,156
80
5,076
578
4,497
3,975
522

5,044
73
4,971
569
4,401
3,887
514

112
7
105
9
96
88
8

733
192
540
170
369
250
119

452
156
296
81
214
110
104

281
36
244
89
155
140
15

659
81
579
155
424
400
24

107
79
28
7
21
10
11

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,902
94
4,808
524
4,285
3,896
389

4,817
89
4,728
521
4,207
3,825
382

85
5
80
3
78
71
7

1,090
205
885
171
715
511
204

785
186
599
105
494
341
153

305
19
286
66
221
170
51

599
77
522
139
382
360
22

125
49
77
15
62
50
12

White

Black

34

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Total, 16 years and over1

99,544

66.8

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,262
26,510
885
12,867

78.6
92.1
89.8
60.0

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

29,756
26,726
669
2,361

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

94,488

5,056

5.1

49,526

21,742

7,944

2,600

17,240

39,226

1,036

210
66

185
107

810
12,499

144

7
71

1,033
369
34
629

9,506

594
75
367

2.6
2.2
8.5
2.9

10,934

25,916

58.1
68.1
64.6
21.6

28,770
25,916
594
2,261

985
810
75
100

3.3
3.0
11.2
4.2

21,440

17,070
11,064
315
5,690

334
280
7
47

421
156
7
258

3,616

1,000
37
2,578

13,009
4,962
4,577
3,470

62.8
53.5
75.3
64.6

11,563
4,275
4,121
3,167

1,446
687
456
303

11.1
13.8
10.0
8.7

7,717
4,315
1,500
1,902

671
72
491

5,291
4,023
1,138
130

380
11
29
340

1,376
209
225
942

Women who maintain families

6,846

63.1

6,288

558

8.2

3,999

2,674

206

217

902

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,454
1,435
1,523
2,496

59.9
48.7
75.6
60.3

4,701
1,133
1,326
2,242

752
301
197
254

13.8
21.0
12.9
10.2

3,646
1,514
491
1,641

705
65
146

1,547
1,269

1,002

494

226
52

391
13
22
356

Men who maintain families

2,267

76.5

2,152

115

5.1

698

66

36

93

502

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,951
330
492
1,129

64.1
56.4
75.0
62.7

1,788
270
468
1,050

163
60
24
79

8.4
18.2
4.8
7.0

1,092
256
164
672

346
6
36
304

345
223
94
28

65
1
3

336
26
31

61

279

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women




2,261
100
8,574

12,499
367
8,574

108

1,718
58

7,729

167
98
737

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Thousands of
persons
May
1988

May
1989

3,575
1,273
503

3,249

1,799

Women
Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons
May
1988

May
1989

4.8
2.7
4.9
9.6

2,978

4.5
2.8
6.2
8.2

May
1988

May
1989

1,134
337
1,778

5.4
3.1
7.3
9.9

2,393
909
242
1,242
767
187

Unemployment
rates
May
1988

May
1989

1,251

2,907
1,087
658
1,162

5.5
3.6
6.3
9.0

5.2
3.5
6.0
8.3

4.1
2.4
4.2
8.1

2,083
856
463
764

2,093
881
474
738

4.5
3.2
5.5
6.8

4.4
3.2
5.4
6.6

11.5
5.8
9.7
19.6

782
163
167
452

724
158
172
394

12.2
6.9
9.4
19.6

10.8
6.2
9.3
17.2

1,076

651

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,627
1,041

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

820
182
135
503

89
491

12.4
5.8
13.4
20.4

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,240
1,176
477
587

2,002
1,051
322
630

4.1
2.9
7.2
7.0

3.6
2.6
4.9
6.9

1,792
900
598
293

1,853
908
595
350

4.1
3.3
6.0
4.8

4.1
3.2
5.7
5.7

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,686
976
324
385

1,493
846
232
415

3.5
2.7
5.9
5.6

3.0
2.3
4.2
5.6

1,254
718
417
119

1,344
739
422
184

3.4
2.9
5.2
2.6

3.5
2.9
5.0
3.9

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

456
152
133
169

445
173
84
187

8.7
5.0

8.4
5.6

13.5
13.6

14.3

463
132
162
170

445
122
162
161

8.8
6.1
9.3
12.8

8.2
5.1
9.0
12.8

36




351
1,235

9.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons

IJnemployment rates

Total

Occupation

Men

Total

Women

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

May

1988

1989

1988

1989

1988

1989

1988

1989

6,553

6,156

5.4

5.0

5.4

4.8

5.5

5.2

499
299
200

588
323
265

1.7
2.0
1.3

1.9
2.1
1.7

1.8
2.0
1.4

1.7
1.7
1.7

1.6
2.1
1.2

2.1
2.7
1.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,477

1,470

105
637
734

98
594
779

4.1
3.0
4.5
3.9

3.9
2.6
4.1
4.1

3.2
2.8
2.6
4.4

3.4
2.2
3.0
4.9

4.6
3.3
6.5
3.8

4.2
3.1
5.1
3.9

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,116

1,089

6.6
9.7
3.3
6.9

5.9

94
65
930

6.8
5.4
4.8
7.2

7.2

51
94
970

0

0

2.9
6.9

6.6
5.4
11.2
6.6

7.0
9.4
5.2
6.8

749
163
364
223

721
154
385
182

5.1
3.4
6.6
5.1

5.1
3.2
7.2
4.4

5.0
3.3
6.6
4.7

4.9
3.2
7.2
3.7

6.2
6.1
3.2
6.5

6.6
2.3
9.9
6.8

1,596

1,342

642
283
671
186
485

641
208
493
126
368

8.3
7.4
5.5
12.4
20.6
10.8

6.9
7.2
4.0
9.3
15.0
8.3

8.2
6.7
5.6
12.7
20.5
10.8

6.6
6.1
4.1
9.8
14.9
8.6

8.7
8.5
5.4
11.3

7.9
8.6
3.8
7.2

0

O

242

205

6.1

5.4

5.6

5.3

8.4

5.6

709
465
135
109

_
_
_

_

_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1

,

845
531
175
138

3.8
8.4

_
_

10.8

6.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total

Unemployment rates
Total

Women

Men

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

5.4

5.0

5.4

4.8

5.5

5.2

4,681

5.5

5.1

5.5

4.8

5.4

5.4

80
612

41
546

10.5
9.7

5.1
8.5

11.2
10.2

5.5
8.9

6.7
5.2

3.0
5.7

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,157
619
73
47

1,072
564
46
45
18

5.3
4.8
9.7
6.5
3.0
6.0
4.7
3.2
5.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
2.7
6.4
5.9
9.6
5.6
7.3
4.1
3.4
3.5
6.9
5.8

4.9
4.4
6.1
6.5
2.7
3.7
5.9
2.7
5.2
3.7
5.0
2.5
2.8
8.1
5.5
7.5
4.0
9.0
5.2
3.8
3.0
5.3
5.6

4.6
4.6
9.7
4.8
3.7
6.4
4.2
2.5
5.3
4.1
3.8
4.5
3.5
5.8
4.7
7.9
4.4
5.4
2.9
2.0
2.9
7.3
4.9

4.0
3.7
6.3
5.4
1.5
2.0
6.6
2.5
3.3
3.4
4.7
2.1
1.7
7.0
4.6
5.7
2.2
10.0
3.4
4.3
2.0
6.3
5.5

6.5
5.5
9.5
4.0
6.4
5.1
6.7
4.1
5.3
3.2
1.7
6.8
7.4
13.3
6.8
7.8
7.4
5.3
4.5
6.2
7.9

6.5
6.2
5.2
8.8
8.2
12.8
3.3
3.4
7.9
5.0
6.4
4.0
4.2
9.2
6.8
11.2
6.0
8.6
9.8
3.0
4.8
3.7
7.6

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

267
207
60
1,400
205
1,196
197

4.2
5.7
2.2
6.2
4.8
6.5
2.8
4.9
2.8
7.5

4.0
4.9
2.6
5.4
3.6
5.9
3.6
4.8
3.1
6.9

3.8
4.9
2.0
5.5
4.4
5.9
2.5
5.5
2.9
7.5

4.3
5.1
3.0
4.5
2.6
5.2
3.9
4.5
2.5
5.9

5.3
8.2
2.6
7.0
5.8
7.1
2.9
4.6
2.8
7.5

3.2
4.5
1.9
6.4
6.1
6.5
3.4
5.0
3.3
7.9

9.6
2.1

8.0
2.2

8.9
2.2

7.6
2.3

11.9
2.1

9.5
2.0

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

38




May
1988

May
1989

6,553

6,156

4,920

19
54
64
79
122
108
50
58
20
34
538

171
43
95
32
64
44
62
26

31
81
67
108
103
67

36
19
46

509
148
27
115
41

71
43
41
23
259

1,207
386
821

192
68
1,264
157
1,107
265
1,235
446
789

179
609
845

150
616
709

10.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

White

Black

May
1988

May
1989

1,158
145
31
114
160
389
465

4,711
2,232
565
1,667
638
1,298
543

4,486
1,934
558
1,376
756
1,341
454

1,602
714
107
607
159
475
254

1,491
606
109
498
176
468
241

100.0
15.8
4.1
11.7
10.6
29.2
44.4

100.0
12.5
2.7
9.8
13.8
33.5
40.2

100.0
47.4
12.0
35.4
13.5
27.6
11.5

100.0
43.1
12.4
30.7
16.9
29.9
10.1

100.0
44.6
6.7
37.9
9.9
29.6
15.9

100.0
40.7
7.3
33.4
11.8
31.4
16.1

2.4
1.6
4.6
6.9

1.9
2.1
5.1
6.1

2.1
.6
1.2
.5

1.8
.7
1.3
.4

5.5
1.2
3.6
2.0

4.5
1.3
3.5
1.8

May
1988

May
1989

6,553
3,058
698
2,360
820
1,835
841

6,156
2,601
681
1,920
965
1,880
710

2,952
1,898
416
1,482
335
603
116

2,602
1,589
420
1,169
388
527
97

2,409
971
233
738
359
883
195

2,396
868
230
638
417
965
147

1,193
189
49
140
126
348
530

100.0
46.7
10.7
36.0
12.5
28.0
12.8

100.0
42.3
11.1
31.2
15.7
30.5
11.5

100.0
64.3
14.1
50.2
11.4
20.4
3.9

100.0
61.0
16.1
44.9
14.9
20.3
3.7

100.0
40.4
9.7
30.7
14.9
36.7
8.1

100.0
36.2
9.6
26.6
17.4
40.3
6.1

2.6
.7
1.5
.7

2.2
.8
1.5
.6

3.1
.5
1.0
.2

2.5
.6
.8
.2

2.0
.7
1.8
.4

1.6
.8
1.9
.3

May
1988

May
1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)

May 1989
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers .,
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

6,156

100.0

48.9

27.7

23.4

12.9

10.5

2,601
681
1,920
965
1,880
710

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.4
49.2
33.2
53.9
57.6
60.9

31.4
26.4
33.1
24.3
26.2
23.4

31.3
24.4
33.7
21.7
16.2
15.7

17.7
15.5

9.3

13.6
8.9
15.2
9.9
8.2
6.4

2,602

100.0

39.5

28.1

32.3

17.2

15.1

1,589
420
1,169
388
527
97

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.0
44.7
30.1
46.3
50.4
44.7

30.4
27.2
31.6
23.3
26.2
20.8

35.6
28.1
38.3
30.4
23.4
34.5

18.8
17.7
19.2
14.9
12.1
28.2

16.8
10.4
19.1
15.5
11.3
6.3

2,396

100.0

51.5

28.5

20.0

11.5

8.5

868
230
638
417
965
147

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.9
57.5
34.9
56.5
58.4
55.9

33.2
22.3
37.1
24.6
26.4
25.4

26.0
20.2
28.0
19.0
15.2
18.8

16.5
12.7
17.8

9.6

9.5
7.6
10.2
7.5
8.0
9.1

1,158

100.0

64.2

25.4

10.4

6.0

4.4

145
31
114
160
389
465

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

53.7

30.8

15.5

12.9

2.6

0

0

0

0

0

55.3
66.0
65.5
65.9

26.5
26.3
25.4
23.3

18.1
7.8
9.1
10.8

14.4
5.2
4.6
5.3

3.7
2.6
4.5
5.5

18.5
11.8
8.0

11.5
7.2

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Thousands of persons

Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks

40




.

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

6.553

6,156

100.0

100.0

5.364

5,061

100.0

100.0

3.035
1,753
1,399
354
1,765
891
874
339
535

3,008
1,708
1,248
461
1,440
792
648
260
388

46.3
26.8
21.3
5.4
26.9
13.6
13.3
5.2
8.2

48.9
27.7
20.3
7.5
23.4
12.9
10.5
4.2
6.3

2.244
1,499
1,184
316
1,621
809
812
322
490

2,314
1,447
1,035
412
1,301
716
585
237
347

41.8
27.9
22.1
5.9
30.2
15.1
15.1
6.0
9.1

45.7
28.6
20.5
8.1
25.7
14.1
11.6
4.7
6.9

14.4
5.9

12.4
5.3

15.7
6.9

13.3
6.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

May 1989

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,156
1,158
1,143
1,850
1,013
543
368
81

3,008
744
636
876
413
190
116
32

1,708
294
299
540
276
148
128
23

792
69
145
245
151
98
68
16

648
51
63
189
173
107
56
9

12.4
7.2
8.7
12.3
17.1
19.5
17.2
16.5

5.3
3.9
4.5
5.7
7.3
9.9
9.0
7.0

46.3
62.6
55.4
40.0
38.2
34.2
37.5
45.1

48.9
64.2
55.7
47.4
40.8
35.0
31.6
39.7

26.9
11.1
20.0
31.5
31.8
40.5
45.0
19.0

23.4
10.4
18.1
23.5
32.0
37.7
33.5
31.6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,249
648
599
916
546
280
225
35

1,450
422
326
364
172
87
68
12

884
152
145
276
142
79
77
13

490
41
93
160
95
47
48
5

426
33
36
117
137
67
32
5

14.3
7.1
9.5
14.5
21.9
23.2
16.7

6.3
3.8
4.6
7.5
10.5
11.4
9.0

42.0
60.0
50.7
35.0
36.9
24.5
36.9

44.6
65.1
54.4
39.7
31.5
31.0
30.2

32.7
13.9
25.0
39.6
34.8
49.7
47.2

28.2
11.5
21.4
30.2
42.4
40.7
35.6

0

0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,907
511
543
934
467
263
143
46

1,558
322
310
513
241
103
48
20

825
142
154
264
134
69
51
11

303
28
52
86
57
50
19
11

222
18
27
72
36
41
24
4

10.4
7.3
7.8
10.2
11.4
15.6
18.0

4.7
4.0
4.4
4.6
4.8
8.5
9.1

20.1
8.0
14.1
21.6
28.1
30.1
40.8

18.0
9.0
14.6
16.9
19.8
34.5
30.2

0

0

51.5
65.5
60.8
46.1
39.7
45.2
38.7

53.6
63.1
57.0
54.9
51.6
39.3
33.9

0

0

0

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,486
2,393
2,093

2,233
1,073
1,160

1,221
637
584

579
373
206

452
309
143

12.3
14.5
9.8

5.1
6.3
4.5

48.0
42.9
54.4

49.8
44.9
55.4

25.6
31.9
17.7

23.0
28.5
16.7

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,491
767
724

701
339
362

427
215
212

190
101
89

173
112
61

12.9
14.2
11.5

5.7
6.3
5.0

41.2
38.7
44.0

47.0
44.2
50.0

30.7
35.6
25.7

24.3
27.8
20.7

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,134
337
1,778

401
118
932

332
89
463

209
62
218

192
68
165

17.8
20.7
10.9

9.2
8.8
4.8

34.8
34.7
49.2

35.3
34.9
52.4

39.7
40.3
25.6

35.4
38.7
21.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,087
658
1,162

539
320
698

323
196
306

126
91
86

99
51
72

11.4
11.3
8.9

5.1
5.4
4.2

49.2
45.0
56.7

49.6
48.6
60.1

23.1
24.2
15.3

20.7
21.6
13.5

0

0

0

0

0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

May 1989

Unemployed Unemployed
less than
15 weeks
5 weeks
and over
May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

588
1,470
1,089
721
1,342
205

251
725
583
292
603
107

171
460
299
228
339
39

91
176
113
94
211
35

75
110
94
107
189
24

14.3
10.6
11.2
14.8
15.3
13.3

7.1
5.2
4.7
6.7
6.5
4.8

46.7
46.7
52.0
39.4
38.7
54.4

42.7
49.3
53.5
40.5
44.9
52.0

28.7
23.6
19.8
35.5
35.6
27.8

28.2
19.4
19.0
28.0
29.8
29.1

150
566
1,072
564
509
286
1,281
1,720
187

68
228
448
223
225
124
623
908
91

35
179
316
169
148
86
377
441
52

32
102
152
84
68
25
165
203
25

15
58
155
87
68
50
117
167
19

14.0
13.2
15.5
16.4
14.5
14.8
11.0
12.4
11.2

7.3
6.7
7.3
7.7
6.8
7.8
5.3
4.9
5.2

60.3
42.7
36.5
35.1
38.0
40.1
48.2
48.0
39.8

45.2
40.2
41.8
39.5
44.3
43.3
48.6
52.8
48.5

17.5
32.4
37.2
40.3
33.5
29.1
24.8
24.6
27.3

31.1
28.2
28.7
30.5
26.7
26.4
22.0
21.6
23.6

709

432

166

66

45

8.7

4.1

56.8

60.9

16.9

15.7

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.

42




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
May 1989
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

4.3
2.8
3.2
3.6
7.9
4.7
8.2

Average
number of
methods
used

6,156
1,158
1,143
1,850
1,013
543
368
81

5,317
1,085
1,025
1,562
850
449
282
65

21.0
11.4
24.7
23.3
22.1
25.4
22.0

7.7
4.0
4.8
10.5
9.2
9.1
9.2

70.9
79.2
73.3
68.3
68.0
67.3
63.1

37.9
27.0
35.2
42.1
45.9
43.0
35.8

20.7
20.2
17.2
22.7
21.3
22.3
18.8

0

0

3,249
648
599
916
546
280
225
35

2,720
606
523
743
440
216
166
27

22.2
10.7
28.7
24.0
25.5
28.7
19.9

7.2
4.5
3.3
10.0
10.5
12.0
4.2

0

73.0
80.5
74.8
71.2
71.1
68.5
59.0

22.3
21.8
17.2
23.7
26.1
25.9
18.1

3.6
1.8
2.5
2.8
5.0
4.2
12.7

0

0

35.6
25.4
32.9
39.2
43.9
43.1
34.3

2,596
479
502
819
410
232
116
38

19.6
12.3
20.5
22.7
18.5
22.4
25.0

8.2
3.3
6.4
11.1
8.0
6.5

16.4

68.8
77.7
71.7
65.8
64.6
66.4
68.1

5.1
4.0
4.0
4.3
10.7
5.2
1.7

0

19.0
18.2
17.1
21.7
16.1
19.0
19.0

0

40.4
29.2
37.6
44.7
47.8
43.1
37.9

65 years and over

2,907
511
543
934
467
263
143
46

0

0

White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women

4,486
2,393
2,093

3,805
1,952
1,852

20.2
21.9
18.4

8.2
7.5
9.0

71.0
73.9
67.9

38.6
36.3
40.9

20.9
22.6
19.1

4.6
4.0
5.2

1.63
1.66
1.61

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,491
767
724

1,358
694
664

23.3
22.8
23.8

6.3
5.9
6.8

72.4
72.9
71.8

35.7
32.9
38.7

19.8
20.6
18.8

3.3
1.6
5.1

1.61
1.57
1.65

Total, 16 years and over ....

16 to 19 years
20
25
35
45
55
65

to 24 years
to 34 years
to 44 years
to 54 years
to 64 years
years and over

Men,
16 to
20 to
25 to
35 to

16 years and over
19 years
24 years
34 years
44 years

45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

0

0

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

A-20.

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.62
1.45
1.58
1.70
1-74
1.72
1.57

0

1.64
1.45
1.59
1.71
1.82
1.82
1.48

0

1.61
1.45
1.57
1.70
1.66
1.62
1.68

0

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
May 1989
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

697

21.0
26.5
21.3
18.0
12.6

3,249
1,686
474
741
348

2,720
1,241
471
670
338

2,907
915
491
1,139
361

2,596
678
477
1,083
358

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ...
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,156
2,601
965
1,880
710

5,317
1,919

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

948
1,753

Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

Other

7.7
9.2
9.3
6.0
5.7

70.9
74.1
68.9
66.9
75.2

37.9
38.1
48.8
38.7
20.8

20.7
23.5
15.9
20.1
20.8

4.3
4.3
3.2
5.4
3.3

1.62
1.76
1.67
1.55
1.38

22.2
27.5
23.1
17.3
11.5

7.2
8.5
7.6
4.5
8.0

73.0
74.5
71.5
71.6
72.2

35.6
36.4
47.1
35.2
16.9

22.3
24.4
18.0
20.9
23.1

3.6
3.8
2.3
5.2
1.8

1.64
1.75
1.70
1.55
1.33

19.6
24.6
19.5
18.5
13.4

8.2
10.5

68.8
73.3
66.2
63.9
78.2

40.4
41.2
50.5
40.7
24.6

19.0
21.8
13.8
19.5
18.7

5.1
5.3
3.8
5.6
4.5

1.61
1.77
1.65
1.55
1.43

Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within




Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

10.9
7.1
3.4

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Industry and age

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

117,039
6,459
2,471
3,988
12,864
82,741
33,940
29,445
19,356
11,503
6,873
4,630
3,472

63,143
3,398
1,371
2,027
6,877
44,338

64,220
3,321
1,289
2,032
6,783
45,530
18,957
15,964

51,079
3,061
1,185

52,819
3,138
1,182

1,876
6,099
35,914

1,955
6,082

3,292
312
152
160
403
1,850
798
617
435
425
214
210
302

3,284
232
101
131
359
1,934
833
671
429
416
203
213
344

110,930
6,147
2,403
3,744
12,572
78,403
32,848
27,475
18,079
10,953
6,689
4,264
2,855

113,755
6,227
2,370
3,857
12,506
80,807
33,107
28,774
18,926
11,087
6,670
4,417
3,128

May

May

1988

1989

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

114,222
6,459
2,556
3,903
12,975
80,252
33,646
28,092
18,515
11,378
6,904
4,474
3,157

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

44




Women

18,653
15,397
10,289

14,993
12,695

37,212
14,983
13,482
8,746
4,961

10,609
6,542
3,873
2,669
2,044

8,226
4,779
2,911
1,868
1,227

2,999

2,593
257
122
135
338

2,578

706
38

1,404
637
458
309
336
161
175
257

1,483
665
485
332
315
143
171
291

699
55
30
24
65
446

60,550
3,141

61,642

6,599
3,993
2,606
1,931

1,249
1,892

6,539
42,934
18,016

14,939
9,980
6,262
3,832
2,431

1,673

194
87
107
296

3,127
1,201
1,926
6,487
44,047

18,292
15,478
10,277
6,227
3,730
2,498
1,752

161
159
126
88
53
35
45

50,380
3,006
1,155
1,852
6,034
35,467

14,832
12,537
8,100

4,690
2,858
1,833
1,182

1,961

1,428

14
24
63
452
169
186

97
101

59
42
53
52,113
3,100
1,168
1,931

6,019
36,760
14,815
13,296
8,649
4,860

2,940
1,920
1,375

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
May
1988

Total

May
1989

16 years
and over
May
1988

May
1989

Women
20 years
and over

May
1988

May
1989

16 years
and over
May
1988

May
1989

20 years
and over
May
1988

May
1989

114,222 117,039 63,143 64,220 59,745 60,899 51,079 52,819 48,018 49,682

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

29,113 30,627 16,087 16,791 15,989 16,674 13,026 13,836 12,912 13,730
14,289 15,041
8,665 9,084 8,623 9,047 5,624 5,957 5,581 5,919
334
238
238
238
336
240
336
335
574
574
6,728 3,549 3,784 3,517 3,754
10,011 10,546 6,462 6,762 6,431
1,927
1,986
3,704 3,921
1,858 1,983 1,836 1,935 1,826
1,868
14,824 15,586 7,422 7,707 7,366 7,627 7,402 7,879 7,331 7,811
160
153
160
153
1,840 1,654 1,681 1,654 1,679
1,807
320
494
549
198
320
193
549
494
870
692
274
306
99
143
97
140
309
274
451
373
615
753
137
127
137
127
753
615
880
752
324
329 1,787 1,877 1,784 1,877
333
326
2,113 2,210
407
390
243
307
243
305
392
410
699
653
1,105 1,058 1,094 2,768 2,895 2,739 2,863
3,833 3,999 1,065
583
601
166
190
166
190
601
583
791
748
1,959 1,927 1,850 1,860 1,819 1,829
1,985
3,852 3,846 2,002

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

34,740 35,786 12,160 12,517 11,487 11,945 22,580 23,269 20,952 21,588
3,363 3,613
1,790 1,838 1,758 1,822 1,573 1,775 1,556 1,762
1,297
1,136
190
213
944 1,082
940 1,080
215
192
1,125
1,167
891
883
257
255
230
891
910
234
1,191
1,060
677
725
372
361
452
732
688
459
13,463 14,005
6,923 7,027 6,469 6,648 6,540 6,979 5,525 5,871
3,931
3,612
2,384 2,572 2,345 2,546 1,228 1,359 1,210 1,333
2,333
2,301
1,353 1,317 1,346 1,302
948 1,015
923
980
1,586
1,468
265
319
315
1,203 1,267 1,199 1,256
261
6,032 6,070
1,557 1,524 4,070 4,220 3,105 3,187
1,850
1,962
85
50
21
20
29
20
21
56
65
26
17,914 18,168 3,447 3,652 3,261 3,475 14,467 14,516 13,871 13,955
727
799
312
327
486
327
313
399
400
485
260
558
306
267
845
825
513
298
539
545
70
84
74
4,682
4,784
77 4,710 4,598 4,543 4,459
201
225
206
2,414
2,354
218 2,148 2,189 2,117 2,165
565
599
588
946
901
333
572
313
347
299
8,251 8,554 1,999 2,111 1,853 1,984 6,252 6,443 5,882 6,087

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,250 15,434
878
905

5,336
38
1,571
3,727
1,480
211
1,656
380

9,186
868
235
8,083
3,157
1,791
1,253
1,881

9,182
832
313
8,037
3,186
1,873
1,128
1,851

8,134
731
223
7,181
2,516
1,706
1,182
1,776

8,092
690
290
7,112
2,505
1,776
1,069
1,761

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,859 13,551 12,620 12,428 12,370 12,119
4,553 4,650 4,356
4,383
4,508 4,272
5,180
4,949 5,084 4,828 4,954 4,697
3,953 3,180 3,093 3,144 3,039
4,126

1,239
197
97
945

1,123
142
121
860

1,214
194
90
930

1,107
142
116
849

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,540 18,037 13,117 13,243 12,024 12,142
4,762 4,808 4,602 4,650
7,988 8,312
6,707 6,773 3,928 3,847 3,820 3,734
3,765 2,564 2,501
2,511
2,440
3,711
3,008
1,364 1,346 1,309 1,294
2,996
1,539
1,281
834
960
781
916
4,925
4,823
4,416 4,474 4,273 4,323
3,569 3,632 3,199
3,213 3,081
3,083
1,293
1,254
1,218 1,261 1,192 1,240
4,729 4,800
3,939 3,961 3,149 3,169
713
717
691
644
634
696
4,087
4,011
3,243 3,270 2,506 2,535

4,422
3,226
2,779
1,147
1,631
447
407
370
37
789
21
768

4,794
3,504
2,926
1,264
1,661
579
452
419
32
838
22
816

4,241
3,151
2,720
1,124
1,597
431
389
357
33
700
16
683

4,587
3,412
2,854
1,238
1,616
558
438
408
29
737
20
718

625
175
451

614
205
410

565
173
392

576
204
373

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations




1,884

1,916

12,461 12,640
5,110 5,315
2,043 2,098
2,995 2,934
2,312 2,292

3,720
1,261
2,459

3,604
1,225
2,379

6,064
37
1,649
4,378
1,953
252
1,742
430

3,095
1,086
2,009

6,252
47
1,603
4,602
2,129
226
1,806
442

2,989
1,021
1,969

5,124
29
1,602
3,493
1,272
235
1,601
386

2,751
1,067
1,684

2,683
1,015
1,668

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Women

Men

Total
Occupation and race

1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

114,222
100.0

117,039
100.0

63,143
100.0

64,220
100.0

51,079
100.0

52,819
100.0

25.5
12.5

26.2
12.9
13.3
30.6

25.5
13.7
11.8
19.3
2.8

26.1
14.1
12.0
19.5

25.5
11.0
14.5
44.2

26.2
11.3

2.9

11.0
5.5

10.9
5.7

9.7
.1
2.5
7.2
19.4
20.6
7.5
7.0
6.2
4.7

3.1
12.8
28.3
18.0
1.7
.5
15.8
2.4
8.7
6.3
.8
1.5
1.2

May

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.0
30.4
2.9

3.1

14.9
44.1
3.4
13.2
27.5

11.8

12.0

15.7
13.4
.8
1.6

15.5
13.2
.8
1.6

10.9
12.1

10.8
11.6

15.4
7.0
4.2

15.4
7.1
4.2

4.1
3.3

4.1
3.1

9.6
.1
2.6
6.9
20.0
20.8
7.5
7.0
6.2
4.9

99,414
100.0

101,412
100.0

55,508
100.0

56,333
100.0

43,906
100.0

45,079
100.0

26.5
13.2

27.3
13.6
13.8
30.8
3.0

26.5
14.5
12.0
19.4

27.4
15.0

27.2
11.8

12.5
15.3
11.9
.6

11.5
5.0
8.4

26.4
11.5
14.9
45.2
3.0
13.4

17.4
1.6
.6

15.2
2.1
9.1
6.6
.9
1.6
1.2

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
....
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.3
30.8

2.9
12.4
15.5
12.1
.7
1.5
9.9
12.6

2.9

12.4
19.5
2.9
11.5
5.2
8.6
.1
2.3
6.3
20.0
19.6
7.3
6.7
5.7
4.9

28.7

16.6

15.4
44.9
3.2

13.8
27.9
16.1

14.7
6.6

1.5
9.8
12.0
14.6
6.7

4.1
4.0
3.4

4.1
3.8
3.3

.1
2.4
6.0
20.7
20.0
7.3
6.7
5.9
5.0

11,440
100.0

11,882
100.0

5,792
100.0

5,889
100.0

5,648
100.0

5,993
100.0

16.1
6.5
9.6
26.9
2.7
6.7

15.8
7.0
8.7

14.1
6.3
7.8
16.5
2.1
5.4
9.0
19.5
.1
4.9
14.6

13.1
6.9
6.2

18.1
6.7

18.4
7.2
11.2

1.3
.5

1.5
.4
14.8
2.4
8.0
5.7
.8
1.5
1.3

14.2
2.1
8.4
6.0
.8
1.6
1.3

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

46




17.4
23.9
1.8
3.0
19.1
8.8
21.8
10.1
5.8
5.8
2.6

28.1
3.1
7.6
17.4
23.5
2.0
2.9
18.5
8.4
22.4
9.9
5.9
6.6
1.8

15.1

30.0
9.6
10.5
9.8
4.7

17.3

2.1
6.1
9.1
19.4
.2
4.7
14.5
15.2

31.7
9.6
10.7
11.3
3.3

11.4
37.5
3.3

8.1
26.1
28.4
3.6
1.1
23.8
2.2
13.4
10.6

1.0
1.7
.4

38.8
4.0
9.2
25.7
27.4
3.8

1.1
22.5
1.7

13.3
10.1

1.3
1.9
.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
May 1989
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers
17,368
244
52
192
1,073
4,283
5,477

2,513

1,158
232
132
101
131
184
152
148
178
98
80
133

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

56,127
3,058
1,185
1,873
6,303
17,112
13,760
9,187
5,356
3,237
2,119
1,350

228
84
59
26
47
35
21
15
18
7
11
8

8,051

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

48,751
3,068
1,157
1,911
5,919
14,017
12,244
7,914
4,425
2,707
1,718
1,163

930

9,317

148
73
75
85

145
28
117
627

149

2,291

131
132
160
91

2,996
1,955
1,070

69
126

408
234

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




104,878
6,126

2,341
3,785

12,223
31,129
26,004
17,101

9,782
5,944
3,838

3,698
2,140
1,295
845
452

99
24
75
447
1,993
2,482
1,743
1,070
633
437
218

662

Other

86,352
5,650
2,158

3,492
11,018
26,662
20,375

13,256
7,464
4,551
2,914
1,928

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

8,559

318

89
24
65
270

12
5
7

1,718
182

1,411
32
15
17
56
272

155
18
7
11
3
32
35
24
23
12
10
20

Selfemployed
workers

1,917
2,664
1,767
1,256

696
561

595

12
61
106
58
49
30
19
19

47,848
2,874
1,102
1,773
5,810
15,085
11,257
7,429
4,268
2,597
1,672
1,125

5,482
60
13
47
175
1,175
1,714
1,089
869
491
378

38,504
2,775
1,056
1,719
5,208
11,577
9,118
5,827
3,196
1,954
1,242
803

3,077
29
11

285
2

18
95
742

2
4
56
102
57
47
28
19
16

33
10
4
5
8
5
4
1
2
2

399

949
678
387
205
182
196

79
102
300
529
342
173
122

294
232
272

59
62
72

140
253

1,345
151
68
83
241
423

131

1,176

57
12
5
7
1

249

31
15
16
54
229
229

140
83
42
41
58

185
224
102
122
224

373
31
12
19
58

236
1
1
3

98
6
2
4
2

106
93
33
39
18
21
14

43
65
47
48
29
18
28

19
28
18
15
12
3
11

13
8
7
8
8
9

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25.

Employed civilians by industry and occupation

(In thousands)
May 1989
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadministrative Private
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

3,284
803
7,788
21,535
12,631
8,904

97
109
1,116
2,537
1,494
1,044

86
66
169
1,809
1,197
612

8,019
24,017
4,634
19,383

930
1,997
531
1,466

489
463
88
375

8,036
38,017
1,167
36,850
24,541
5,539

2,195
4,843
7
4,836
2,655
1,216

211
11,478
4
11,473
10,232
816

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
operTransportion,
and
equipment
ators,
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
blers,
helpers,
material
repair
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

20
19
78
762
294
469

101
104
501
2,410
1,323
1,086

20
9
41
348
188
159

40
247
4,302
4,057
2,792
1,265

9
51
143
6,773
3,765
3,008

42
126
542
863
457
406

10
37
808
1,146
567
579

2,832
3
24
95
80
15

409
241
130 10,058
47 1,824
83 8,234

2,080
2,276
756
1,520

297
4,368
43
4,326

1,215
1,526
328
1,198

141
336
143
192

1,736
993
490
503

464
1,834
370
1,464

16
37
15
22

1,820
820

3,139
6,150
11
6,138
4,445
1,408

257
7,869
80
7,790
4,409
1,348

131
1,782
10
1,772
368
252

12
812
3
809
248
34

16
549
5
544
326
58

19
427
8
419
97
54

65
470
157
313
71
64

28
33
64
736
475
261

172
1,939
3
1,936
1,568
270

820
122
19

878
878

' Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26.

Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status

(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
May
1988

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,193
1,767
28
35
1,071

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
Women, 16 years and over

Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
1

1,291

May
1989

4,578
1,981
1,291

48




May
1989

4,125
1,756

4,483
1,956
1,268

Unpaid absences

May
1988

May
1989

May
1988

May
1989

1,994
1,189
561

2,069
1,276
523

1,656
389
602

1,891
490
636

245

269

)
665

()
765

141

1,274
26

49

31

1,116

1,037

121
49
1,089

2,117
1,015
633
470

2,261
1,076
613
572

2,064
1,006
623
436

2,190
1,060
594
536

1,069
730
273
66

1,071
741
242
88

686
163
268
256

828
209
285
334

2,076
752
658
665

2,317
905
678
734

2,060
750
652
658

2,293
896
674
723

925
460
287
178

999
535
282
182

970
226
334
409

1,063
282
351
430

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2

Paid absences
May
1988

3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
May 1989
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

112,461

3,190

109,272

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

25,587
806
4,447
13,141
7,193

782
42
183
382
175

24,805
764
4,264
12,759
7,018

22.8
.7
4.0
11.7
6.4

24.5
1.3
5.7
12.0
5.5

22.7
.7
3.9
11.7
6.4

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

86,874
7,537
45,026
34,311
11,967
12,646
9,698

2,407
140
656
1,611
189
371
1,051

84,467
7,397
44,370
32,700
11,778
12,275
8,647

77.2
6.7
40.0
30.5
10.6
11.2
8.6

75.5
4.4
20.6
50.5
5.9
11.6
33.0

77.3
6.8
40.6
29.9
10.8
11.2
7.9

39.7
44.1

47.3
54.7

39.5
43.8

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

25,587

6,410

19,177

24,805

6,185

18,620

4,624
2,115
48
180
82
2,200

1,529
1,219
48
180
82

3,095
896

4,411
1,970
48
170
82
2,142

1,441
1,141
48
170
82

2,970
829

20,963
13,474
1,295
1,645
525
9
28
1,756
2,230

4,881

4,743

1,554

1,756
676

20,393
13,140
1,289
1,621
436
9
28
1,725
2,145

1,528

1,725
617

22.3
21.0

25.0
26.4

20.9
19.4

22.3
21.1

25.1
26.4

21.0
19.5

1,554
5,639

741
2,658

813
2,981

1,511
5,507

722
2,587

789
2,920

2,200

1,295
1,470
525
9
28

16,082
13,474
175

2,142

1,289
1,453
436
9
28

15,650
13,140
168

49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

Dn full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

15,650

89,211

56,511

11,778

20,922

39.5

43.8

3,893

14,130

82,852

53,781

11,106

17,965

39.3

43.4

719

26

26

667

365

90

212

44.6

46.2

6,040

363

286

5,391

3,579

671

1,141

40.4

42.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

20,240
11,903
8,337

469
233
237

645
287
358

19,126
11,383
7,742

11,975
7,019
4,956

3,212
1,909
1,303

3,939
2,455
1,483

42.3
42.8
41.7

43.5
43.7
43.2

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,337
21,303
7,125

196
1,207
128

453
5,351
721

6,688
14,745
6,276

4,208
8,902
4,297

857
2,195
750

1,623
3,648
1,229

42.3
36.8
39.9

44.3
44.1
42.6

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

32,771
1,123
31,648
5,341

1,431
182
1,249
72

6,369
544
5,825
279

24,971
397
24,574
4,990

16,822
252
16,570
3,635

2,806
39
2,767
525

5,343
106
5,237
830

37.5
24.7
38.0
41.1

43.2
44.7
43.2
42.7

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,079
318

508
9

1,388
132

6,183
177

2,642
88

644
28

2,897
61

41.6
37.3

48.7
49.0

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

50




109,272
100,875

4,411

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
109,272
6,022
2,290
3,733
103,249
12,076
91,173
59,616
28,642
2,916

4,411
388
58
331
4,023
789
3,234
2,095
991
149

15,650
3,815
2,012
1,803
11,835
2,121
9,714
5,236
3,078
1,400

89,211
1,819
220
1,599
87,391
9,166
78,225
52,285
24,573
1,367

56,511
1,472
191
1,281
55,039
6,558
48,480
31,780
15,732
969

32,700
347
29
318
32,352
2,608
29,745
20,505
8,841
398

39.5
24.1
17.6
28.1
40.3
36.8
40.8
41.4
40.7
29.4

43.8
40.0
36.3
40.6
43.9
41.9
44.1
44.2
44.0
42.6

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,452
3,032
1,159
1,872
56,420
6,286
50,135
32,771
15,741
1,623

2,004
190
30
160
1,814
398
1,416
957
386
12

4,738
1,811
998
812
2,927
866
2,061
720
620
721

52,710
1,031
131
900
51,679
5,022
46,658
31,094
14,735
830

29,570
804
107
697
28,765
3,343
25,424
16,533
8,347
544

23,140
227
24
203
22,914
1,679
21,234
14,561
6,388
286

42.4
25.2
18.1
29.6
43.3
38.4
44.0
44.6
43.9
31.1

45.3
40.4
35.8
41.0
45.4
42.8
45.6
45.8
45.4
43.8

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,820
2,990
1,130
1,860
46,830
5,790
41,040
26,845
12,900
1,293

2,407
198
28
171
2,208
391
1,817
1,136
604
76

10,912
2,004
1,013
991
8,908
1,255
7,653
4,517
2,457
679

36,501
788
89
698
35,714
4,144
31,570
21,192
9,839
538

26,942
667
83
583
26,276
3,215
23,061
15,247
7,386
427

9,559
121
6
115
9,438
929
8,509
5,945
2,453
111

35.9
23.0
17.0
26.7
36.8
35.2
37.0
37.6
36.8
27.2

41.7
39.6
37.1
39.9
41.7
41.0
41.9
41.9
41.8
40.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

94,469
51,977
42,493

3,533
1,576
1,956

14,051
4,153
9,898

76,885
46,248
30,639

47,245
25,052
22,195

29,640
21,196
8,444

39.6
42.7
35.7

44.1
45.6
41.8

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,206
5,561
5,645

753
370
383

1,116
402
714

9,337
4,789
4,548

7,213
3,459
3,753

2,124
1,330
795

38.3
39.7
36.9

41.8
42.7
40.8

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,866
6,031
15,554

930
278
798

1,436
288
3,015

35,500
5,465
11,741

18,879
3,066
7,620

16,621
2,399
4,121

44.3
43.2
37.5

45.9
45.3
43.4

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

27,882
9,713
12,226

1,170
568
669

6,380
1,223
3,309

20,332
7,922
8,248

15,291
5,643
6,008

5,041
2,279
2,240

35.8
38.3
34.3

41.4
42.2
41.8

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

RACE

MARITAL STATUS




51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
May 1989
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
41 to 48
total
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.

52




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

108,977

4,324

15,556

89,096

56,381

11,739

20,977

39.5

43.8

29,538
14,532
15,006
34,471
3,439
13,521
17,511
14,808
849
1,819
12,140
12,998
17,162
7,909
4,680
4,573

460
168
292
1,117
53
563
501
1,299
128
57
1,115
550
898
340
207
350

2,729
788
1,941
6,371
352
2,927
3,091
4,283
423
152
3,709
473
1,700
283
491
925

26,349
13,576
12,773
26,983
3,034
10,030
13,919
9,225
299
1,610
7,316
11,975
14,565
7,285
3,982
3,297

14,074
6,836
7,238
08,556
2,045
5,305
11,206
6,679
205
932
5,542
7,517
9,555
5,075
2,031
2,449

3,423
1,828
1,595
3,352
479
1,345
1,528
1,029
19
252
758
1,775
2,160
1,154
579
428

8,853
4,913
3,940
5,075
510
3,381
1,185
1,517
75
426
1,016
2,683
2,849
1,057
1,372
421

42.9
44.7
41.3
37.9
40.1
39.1
36.5
33.8
25.3
42.6
33.1
41.9
40.0
40.9
42.8
35.7

45.7
46.3
45.1
42.8
42.7
45.8
40.6
42.5
44.0
45.6
41.8
43.6
43.3
42.3
46.6
41.4

59,071

1,926

4,610

52,535

29,399

7,380

15,756

42.5

45.3

16,275
8,803
7,472
12,143
1,768
6,825
3,550
6,067
47
1,520
4,500
11,945
12,640
4,604
4,244
3,793

213
86
127
242
25
123
94
394
13
42
339
507
570
131
175
264

706
270
436
1,159
83
668
408
1,233
18
90
1,125
332
1,180
130
310
740

15,355
8,446
6,909
10,743
1,660
6,034
3,048
4,440
16
1,389
3,036
11,107
10,890
4,343
3,759
2,788

6,972
3,599
3,373
5,766
988
2,635
2,143
3,028
15
778
2,235
6,906
6,727
2,796
1,887
2,044

1,974
1,108
866
1,560
290
830
441
533
213
320
1,653
1,660
744
547
369

6,410
3,739
2,670
3,416
383
2,569
464
879
1
398
480
2,548
2,503
803
1,325
375

45.9
46.9
44.7
42.7
42.7
44.6
39.1
37.1
(2)
43.9
34.9
42.2
40.9
42.2
43.9
36.0

47.5
48.0
46.8
45.7
44.2
47.9
42.3
43.5
(2)
46.1
42.4
43.7
44.1
43.4
46.8
41.5

49,906

2,398

10,947

36,562

26,982

4,359

5,221

35.9

41.7

13,263
5,729
7,534
22,327
1,671
6,695
13,962
8,741
802
299
7,639
1,053
4,522
3,305
436
781

246
81
165
875
28
439
408
905
115
15
775
43
328
209
33
86

2,023
517
1,505
5,212
270
2,259
2,683
3,050
405
62
2,584
142
520
154
181
185

10,994
5,130
5,864
16,240
1,373
3,996
10,871
4,785
283
222
4,280
868
3,675
2,942
223
510

7,102
3,237
3,865
12,789
1,057
2,669
9,063
3,652
191
154
3,307
611
2,828
2,279
144
405

1,449
720
729
1,791
189
515
1,086
496
19
40
438
122
501
410
32
58

2,443
1,173
1,270
1,660
127
811
721
638
74
28
536
135
346
253
47
46

39.3
41.1
37.8
35.2
37.4
33.5
35.8
31.5
25.2
35.8
32.1
38.7
37.5
38.9
32.6
34.2

43.2
43.5
43.0
40.8
40.8
42.6
40.2
41.6
43.8
42.6
41.4
42.2
40.9
40.8
43.3
40.7

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Employment status and sex
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

186,088
122,917
66.1
116,117
62.4
1,714
114,403
3,110
111,293
6,800
5.5
63,171

186,247
123,209
66.2
116,686
62.7
1,685
115,001
3,121
111,880
6,523
5.3
63,038

186,402
123,331
66.2
116,707
62.6
1,673
115,034
3,060
111,974
6,624
5.4
63,071

186,522
123,692
66.3
116,895
62.7
1,692
115,203
3,142
112,061
6,797
5.5
62,830

186,666
123,688
66.3
117,074
62.7
1,704
115,370
3,176
112,194
6,614
5.3
62,978

186,801
123,778
66.3
117,260
62.8
1,687
115,573
3,238
112,335
6,518
5.3
63,023

186,949
124,215
66.4
117,652
62.9
1,705
115,947
3,238
112,709
6,563
5.3
62,734

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

187,581
124,948
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633

187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62,365

187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

187,098 187,340 187,461
124,259 125,124 124,865
66.6
66.8
66.4
117,705 118,407 118,537
63.2
63.2
62.9
1,696 1,696 1,684
116,009 116,711 116,853
3,193 3,300 3,223
112,816 113,411 113,630
6,328
6,554 6,716
5.1
5.4
5.3
62,839 62,216 62,596

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

89,367 89,445 89,504 89,577
68,436 68,461 68,685 68,604
76.6
76.7
76.5
76.6
64,894 64,941 64,931 65,015
72.6
72.6
72.5
72.6
1,523 1,512 1,529 1,540
63,371 63,429 63,402 63,475
3,542 3,520 3,754 3,589
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.5
20,878 20,931 20,984 20,819 20,973
89,287
68,409
76.6
64,672
72.4
1,553
63,119
3,737
5.5

89,716 89,792 89,914 89,973
68,686 68,638 69,032 69,113
76.8
76.8
76.4
76.6
65,074 65,055 65,322 65,572
72.9
72.6
72.5
72.5
1,532 1,521
1,534
1,542
63,532 63,521 63,790 64,051
3,540
3,583 3,710
3,612
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.1
21,068 21,030 21,154 20,882 20,860
89,637
68,569
76.5
64,976
72.5
1,526
63,450
3,593
5.2

90,032 90,094 90,167
69,190 69,360 69,114
76.7
77.0
76.9
65,920 65,767 65,713
72.9
73.0
73.2
1,521

1,521

1,511

64,399 64,246 64,202
3,270 3,593 3,401
4.7
4.9
5.2
20,842 20,734 21,053

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

96,801 96,880 96,957 97,018
54,508 54,773 54,870 55,007
56.7
56.3
56.6
56.5
51,445 51,792 51,766 51,964
53.6
53.4
53.5
53.1
163
161
162
161
51,284 51,630 51,605 51,801
3,063 2,981 3,104 3,043
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.5
42,293 42,107 42,087 42,011

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident




97,089 97,164
55,084 55,209
56.7
56.8
52,059 52,284
53.6
53.8
164
161
51,895 52,123
3,025 2,925
5.5
5.3
42,005 41,955

97,234 97,306 97,427 97,488 97,550 97,614
55,529 55,621 56,091 55,752 55,758 55,983
57.2
57.6
57.2
57.1
57.4
57.2
52,578 52,650 53,085 52,965 52,900 53,029
54.1
54.2
54.3
54.5
54.1
54.3
163
164
162
163
163
163
52,415 52,488 52,921 52,802 52,737 52,866
2,951 2,971 3,006 2,787 2,858 2,953
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.3
41,705 41,685 41,336 41,736 41,792 41,631

97,687
56,169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3
41,518

Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1989

1988
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

184,374 184,562 184,729 184,830 184,962 185,114 185,244 185,402 185,644 185,777 185,897 186,024 186,181
121,203 121,524 121,658 122,000 121,984 122,091 122,510 122,563 123,428 123,181 123,264 123,659 123,610
66.0
66.4
66.5
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.1
66.1
66.0
66.0
65.9
65.7
65.8
114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215
62.4
63.0
63.0
63.0
62.9
62.9
62.6
62.6
62.4
62.3
62.3
62.0
62.3
6,518 6,563 6,554 6,716 6,328 6,128 6,546 6,395
6,800 6,523 6,624 6,797 6,614
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

80,402 80,526 80,608 80,669 80,751 80,851 80,924 81,001 81,162 81,256 81,333
62,721 62,669 62,729 62,916 62,884 62,915 62,995 63,002 63,358 63,490 63,557
78.1
78.1
78.1
77.8
77.8
77.8
77.9
78.0
77.8
77.8
78.0
59,656 59,780 59,897 59,839 59,979 60,004 59,999 60,049 60,420 60,636 60,869
74.6
74.4
74.1
74.1
74.2
74.2
74.8
74.3
74.3
74.2
74.2
2,238 2,231 2,252 2,273 2,249 2,315 2,313 2,292 2,277 2,320 2,317
57,418 57,549 57,645 57,566 57,730 57,689 57,686 57,757 58,143 58,316 58,552
3,065 2,889 2,832 3,077 2,905 2,911 2,996 2,953 2,938 2,853 2,688
4.6
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.9
17,681 17,857 17,879 17,753 17,867 17,936 17,929 17,999 17,804 17,766 17,776

81,413
63,709
78.3
60,757
74.6
2,252
58,505
2,952
4.6
17,704

81,524

63,503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2,705
4.3
18,021

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

89,502 89,588 89,670
50,690 50,807 50,959
56.8
56.7
56.6
48,205 48,242 48,492
54.1
53.8
53.9
609
549
626
47,579 47,693 47,883
2,492 2,485 2,565 2,467
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
38,850 38,812 38,781 38,711

89,382
50,532
56.5
48,040
53.7
604
47,436

89,735 89,807 89,887
50,991 51,201 51,558
57.4
57.0
56.8
48,535 48,788 49,113
54.6
54.3
54.1
640
640
638
47,897 48,148 48,473
2,445
2,456 2,413
4.7
4.7
4.8
38,744 38,606 38,329

90,072
51,998
57.7
49,543
55.0
715
48,827
2,455
4.7
38,367 38,074

89,954
51,587
57.3
49,165
54.7
646
48,519
2,422
4.7

90,153 90,242 90,318
51,821 51,851 51,992
57.6
57.5
57.5
49,514 49,484 49,544
54.9
54.8
54.9
615
664
666
48,849 48,819 48,929
2,306 2,367 2,448
4.7
4.5
4.6
38,332 38,391 38,326

90,432
52,171
57.7

49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
4.8
38,261

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

14,590 14,534 14,533 14,491 14,477 14,456 14,433 14,447 14,410 14,367 14,323 14,293 14,224
7,950 8,165 8,122 8,125 8,109 7,975 7,957 7,974 8,071 7,871 7,856 7,958 7,936
54.5
55.7
54.8
56.0
55.2
55.2
56.0
56.1
55.9
56.2
55.8
54.9
55.1
6,707 7,016 6,895 6,872 6,856 6,781 6,835 6,795 6,748 6,703 6,783 6,812 6,726
47.7
47.4
47.4
47.3
47.4
46.7
46.8
47.0
47.4
46.9
47.4
48.3
46.0
237
200
224
237
285
289
260
264
268
307
255
283
259
6,439 6,752 6,636 6,612 6,567 6,498 6,550 6,540 6,441 6,466 6,559 6,575 6,526
1,243 1,149 1,227 1,253 1,253 1,194 1,122 1,179 1,323 1,168 1,073 1,146 1,210
16.4
15.4
14.1
15.6
15.2
14.4
13.7
14.8
14.1
15.5
15.1
14.8
15.0
6,640 6,369 6,411 6,366 6,368 6,481 6,476 6,473 6,339 6,496 6,467 6,335 6,288

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

54




NOTE: The corrected May 1989 seasonal adjustment factor for
unemployed men, 20 years and over is .962.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988
May

June

July

Aug.

1989

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

158,034 158,166 158,279 158,340 158,422 158,524 158,603 158,705 158,865 158,947 159,020 159,098 159,200
104,433 104,716 104,651 105,013 105,036 105,051 105,395 105,411 106,106 105,798 105,988 106,312 106,164
66.8
66.6
66.4
66.7
66.7
66.8
66.1
66.5
66.2
66.3
66.3
66.3
66.1
99,508 99,902 99,761 99,907 100,058 100,199 100,543 100,567 101,183 101,278 101,554 101,458 101,465
63.8
63.4
63.7
63.7
63.7
63.9
63.2
63.2
63.4
63.0
63.0
63.1
63.2
4,854 4,699
4,844 4,923 4,521
4,434
4,890
5,106
4,978 4,852 4,852
4,925 4,814
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.7

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,722 54,658 54,712 54,864 54,839 54,861 54,922 54,898 55,213 55,308 55,382 55,448 55,249
78.6
78.2
78.3
78.7
78.6
78.5
78.2
78.2
78.4
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.4
52,443 52,475 52,557 52,487 52,579 52,612 52,624 52,636 53,007 53,197 53,387 53,246 53,248
75.6
75.0
75.5
75.5
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.2
75.0
75.1
75.1
75.0
75.2
2,202 2,001
1,995
2,205 2,111
2,262
2,377 2,260
2,249 2,298
2,155
2,279 2,183
4.1
3.6
4.0
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.2

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,868 42,955 42,958 43,149 43,191 43,298 43,625 43,644 43,936 43,770 43,780 44,016 44,084
56.9
56.9
57.2
57.2
56.9
57.2
56.2
56.2
56.4
56.4
56.5
56.9
56.1
41,124 41,201 41,124 41,378 41,413 41,583 41,889 41,930 42,201 42,177 42,115 42,207 42,282
54.6
54.8
54.7
54.8
54.9
53.9
53.8
54.1
54.1
54.2
54.6
54.9
53.8
1,714
1,810
1,665
1,593
1,734
1,754
1,834
1,771
1,778
1,715
1,736
1,803
1,744
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,843
57.6
5,941
50.0
902
13.2
14.0
12.3

7,103
59.8
6,226
52.5
877
12.3
13.2
11.4

6,981
58.9
6,080
51.3
901
12.9
14.3
11.4

7,000
59.2
6,042
51.1
958
13.7
13.9
13.5

7,006
59.4
6,066
51.4
940
13.4
14.5
12.3

6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3

6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3

6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8

6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
16.4
11.7

6,720
57.7
5,904
50.7
816
12.1
14.0
10.2

6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
774
11.3
12.3
10.2

6,848
59.0
6,005
51.8
843
12.3
13.1
11.5

6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.8
11.2

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,650 20,683 20,715 20,736 20,762 20,786 20,811 20,842 20,877 20,905 20,930 20,956 20,986
13,102 13,066 13,283 13,236 13,201 13,290 13,330 13,405 13,477 13,476 13,425 13,287 13,444
63.4
64.1
64.1
64.1
64.5
64.6
64.3
64.1
63.8
63.2
63.6
63.9
63.4
11,514 11,543 11,761 11,733 11,758 11,807 11,831 11,856 11,860 11,873 11,961 11,846 11,968
56.8
55.8
56.8
56.6
55.8
57.0
56.5
57.1
56.8
56.8
56.9
56.6
56.8
1,499
1,588
1,523
1,522
1,503
1,476
1,442
1,464
1,603
1,617
1,549
1,443
1,483
11.2
11.7
11.5
11.4
12.1
10.8
11.0
11.9
10.9
11.6
12.0
10.9
11.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,107
74.5
5,469
66.7
638
10.4

6,084
74.1
5,480
66.7
604
9.9

6,080
73.9
5,495
66.8
585
9.6

6,131
74.5
5,539
67.3
592
9.7

6,117
74.2
5,563
67.5
554
9.1

6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6

6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8

6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0

6,226
75.0
5,576
67.2
650
10.4

6,199
74.6
5,549
66.7
650
10.5

6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611
9.8

6,171
74.0
5,554
66.6
617
10.0

6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4

59.4
5,453
53.1
646
10.6

6,097
59.3
5,449
53.0
648
10.6

6,286
61.0
5,640
54.7
646
10.3

6,188
60.0
5,571
54.0
617
10.0

6,174
59.8
5,575
54.0
599
9.7

6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614
9.8

6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
617
9.8

6,316
60.9
5,654
54.5
662
10.5

6,369
61.2
5,706
54.9
663
10.4

6,349
61.0
5,697
54.7
651
10.3

6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1

6,227
59.6
5,677
54.3
550
8.8

6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600
9.5

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988
May

June

July

Aug.

1989

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

896
41.1
592
27.2
304
33.9
33.2
34.8

885
40.6
614
28.1
271
30.6
31.5
29.6

917
42.0
626
28.7
291
31.7
31.2
32.4

917
42.0
623
28.5
294
32.1
32.1
32.0

910
41.7
620
28.4
290
31.9
31.9
31.9

899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6

904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9

910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3

881
40.5
577
26.5
304
34.5
36.7
32.0

928
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6

880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8

889
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2

897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,268 13,306 13,344 13,381 13,419 13,458 13,495 13,533 13,564 13,606 13,649 13,690 13,731
8,910 9,009 8,997 8,963 9,061
9,075 9,148 9,133 9,205 9,219 9,210 9,262 9,428
67.7
67.4
67.2
67.5
67.8
67.0
67.4
67.5
67.9
67.5
67.8
67.7
68.7
8,128 8,222 8,265 8,214 8,378 8,368 8,419 8,441 8,434 8,596 8,607 8,495 8,686
61.8
62.4
61.3
61.9
61.4
62.2
62.4
62.2
62.4
63.2
63.1
62.1
63.3
787
683
782
732
749
707
729
692
771
624
603
767
742
8.7
8.8
8.1
8.4
7.5
8.0
7.8
7.6
8.4
6.8
6.5
8.3
7.9

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

2

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1988
Category
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215
40,317 40,493 40,518 40,511 40,513 40,504 40,407 40,483 40,925 40,928 41,083 40,890 40,902
28,632 28,678 28,669 28,809 28,836 28,890 28,995 29,053 29,589 29,412 29,569 29,656 29,739
6,000 6,130 6,170 6,280 6,253 6,344 6,375 6,399 6,416 6,385 6,256 6,243 6,331

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,574
1,365
155
102,145
16,946
85,199
1,152
84,047
8,816
301

1,572
1,362
149

1,607
1,411
158

1,612
1,421
137

1,661
1,405
177

1,672
1,450
125

1,698
1,349
149

1,684
1,387
189

1,645
1,419
150

1,656
1,403
138

1,554
1,419
124

1,610
1,358
127

102,953 103,189
17,049 17,031
85,904 86,158
1,146
1,132
84,758 85,026
8,536 8,531
297
251

103,207
17,111
86,096
1,128
84,968
8,508
241

103,501
17,145
86,356
1,119
85,237
8,570
230

103,733
17,240
86,493
1,152
85,341
8,479
232

103,770
17,387
86,383
1,209
85,174
8,619
300

103,904
17,423
86,481
1,210
85,271
8,602
266

104,510
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
298

104,797
17,311
87,486
1,135
86,350
8,517
285

104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332

104,985
17,180
87,806
1,117
86,689
8,671
281

105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
8,516
322

1,583
1,375
161

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work
Could only find part-time work ..
Voluntary part time

5,097 4,981 4,968 5,143 4,837
5,321
4,878 5,302 5,341 5,192 5,097 4,963 5,061
2,267 2,346 2,471 2,315 2,266 2,220 2,279 2,549 2,302 2,303 2,232 2,373 2,296
2,353 2,586 2,538 2,473 2,389 2,399 2,375 2,410 2,352 2,333 2,393 2,425 2,343
14,813 14,612 15,026 14,999 15,270 15,161 15,446 15,363 15,401 15,126 15,561 15,498 15,316

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work
Could only find part-time work ..
Voluntary part time

4,676 5,073 5,102 4,972 4,862 4,727 4,819 5,033 4,837 4,697 4,709 4,930 4,609
2,136 2,183 2,334 2,171 2,102 2,095 2,116 2,377 2,144 2,105 2,048 2,243 2,102
2,317 2,369 2,301
2,276 2,504 2,493 2,408 2,317 2,319 2,288 2,307 2,283 2,27;
14,376 14,180 14,606 14,564 14,819 14,679 14,986 14,928 14,970 14,688 15,127 15,060 14,976

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey

56




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1989

Sex and age
May
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

114,403 115,001 115,034 115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215

19,864 20,338
6,707 7,016
2,674 2,797
4,034 4,203
13,157 13,322
94,450 94,683
79,953 80,111
14,499 14,556

20,137 20,123 20,050
6,895 6,872 6,856
2,669
2,671
2,700
4,182 4,148 4,195
13,242 13,251 13,194
94,979 95,145 95,332
80,456 80,608 80,697
14,514 14,583 14,664

19,930
6,781
2,689
4,090
13,149
95,619
80,950
14,690

19,877
6,835
2,770
4,045
13,042
96,062
81,242
14,790

19,852
6,795
2,686
4,150
13,057
96,151
81,399
14,771

19,741
6,748
2,602
4,125
12,993
96,988
82,036
14,924

19,797 19,996 19,899 19,784
6,703 6,783 6,812
6,726
2,639 2,593
2,639
2,563

4,163
13,095
97,020
82,160
14,803

4,186
13,213
97,125
82,165
14,933

4,177
13,088
97,167
82,204
14,928

4,123
13,059
97,384
82,436

14,948

63,119 63,371 63,429 63,402 63,475 63,450 63,532 63,521 63,790 64,051 64,399 64,246 64,202
10,385 10,550 10,441 10,475 10,401 10,303 10,379 10,288 10,198 10,377 10,530 10,385 10,243
3,463 3,591 3,532 3,563 3,496 3,446 3,533 3,472 3,370 3,415 3,530 3,489 3,403
1,383 1,415 1,392 1,395 1,397 1,404 1,433 1,385 1,270 1,298 1,377 1,338 1,304
2,080 2,171 2,133 2,126 2,106 2,040 2,105 2,135 2,088 2,134 2,179 2,149 2,089
6,922 6,959 6,909 6,912 6,905 6,857 6,846 6,816 6,828 6,962 7,000 6,896 6,839
52,709 52,818 53,016 52,983 53,072 53,136 53,152 53,227 53,573 53,659 53,897 53,842 53,949
44,202 44,287 44,509 44,471 44,577 44,669 44,712 44,779 45,001 45,091 45,278 45,163 45,398
8,490 8,529 8,524 8,514 8,502 8,482 8,436 8,470 8,563 8,536 8,603 8,643 8,543
51,284 51,630 51,605 51,801 51,895 52,123 52,415 52,488 52,921 52,802 52,737 52,866 53,013
9,479
3,244
1,291
1,954
6,235

41,741
35,751
6,009

9,788 9,696 9,648 9,649 9,627 9,498 9,564 9,543 9,420 9,466 9,515 9,541
3,425 3,363 3,309 3,360 3,335 3,302 3,323 3,378 3,287 3,253 3,323 3,322
1,382 1,308 1,276 1,272 1,285 1,337 1,301 1,332 1,265 1,262 1,301 1,289
2,032 2,049 2,022 2,089 2,050 1,940 2,015 2,037 2,029 2,007 2,028 2,034
6,363 6,333 6,339 6,289 6,292 6,196 6,241 6,165 6,133 6,213 6,192 6,219
41,865 41,963 42,162 42,260 42,483 42,910 42,924 43,415 43,361 43,228 43,325 43,434
35,824 35,947 36,137 36,120 36,281 36,530 36,620 37,035 37,069 36,886 37,042 37,039
6,027 5,990 6,069 6,162 6,208 6,354 6,301 6,361 6,267 6,331 6,285 6,404

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1989

1988
Sex and age
May
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over




June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

6,800

6,523

6,624

6,797

6,614

6,518

6,563

6,554

6,716

6,328

6,128

6,546

6,395

2,513
1,243
536
700
1,270
4,253
3,765
498

2,394
1,149
527
642
1,245
4,146
3,675
450

2,465
1,227
571
628
1,238
4,143
3,702
457

2,476
1,253
605
660
1,223
4,334
3,828
475

2,457
1,253
650
615
1,204
4,179
3,733
436

2,429
1,194
559
629
1,235
4,061
3,651
419

2,363
1,122
520
599
1,241
4,193
3,739
433

2,421
1,179
535
637
1,242
4,125
3,687
457

2,663
1,323
581
751
1,340
4,101
3,632
474

2,316
1,168
572
605
1,148
4,026
3,559
466

2,182
1,073
477
597
1,109
3,921
3,542
396

2,344
1,146
463
667
1,198
4,191
3,761
451

2,303
1,210
500
701
1,093
4,074
3,628
453

3,737

3,542

3,520

3,754

3,589

3,593

3,612

3,583

3,710

3,540

3,270

3,593

3,401

1,352
672
291
377
680
2,348
2,051
304

1,302
653
301
363
649
2,259
1,961
278

1,331
688
307
359
643
2,191
1,936
278

1,351
677
301
362
674
2,417
2,088
298

1,329
684
367
329
645
2,270
2,014
255

1,376
682
318
360
694
2,195
1,946
266

1,274
616
300
314
658
2,331
2,050
275

1,280
630
290
333
650
2,296
1,999
286

1,494
772
330
455
722
2,245
1,986
269

1,302
687
317
379
615
2,246
1,943
303

1,128
582
258
330
546
2,136
1,890
246

1,238
641
274
368
597
2,344
2,076
283

1,270
696
301
390
574
2,099
1,845
258

3,063

2,981

3,104

3,043

3,025

2,925

2,951

2,971

3,006

2,787

2,858

2,953

2,994

1,161
571
245
323
590
1,905
1,714
194

1,092
496
226
279
596
1,887
1,714
172

1,134
539
264
269
595
1,952
1,766
179

1,125
576
304
298
549
1,917
1,740
177

1,128
569
283
286
559
1,909
1,719
181

1,053
512
241
269
541
1,866
1,705
153

1,089
506
220
285
583
1,862
1,689
158

1,141
549
245
304
592
1,829
1,688
171

1,169
551
251
296
618
1,856
1,646
205

1,014
481
255
226
533
1,780
1,616
164

1,054
491
219
267
563
1,784
1,652
151

1,106
505
189
299
601
1,847
1,685
169

1,034
514
199
311
520
1,975
1,782
195

57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)

1988

1989

Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

25 to 54 years
55 years and over

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.2

11.2
15.6
16.7
14.8

10.5

10.9
15.1
17.5

11.0

8.6

3.1

2.8

8.7
4.2
4.4
2.8

10.5
14.8
18.2
12.7
8.1
4.0
4.2
3.1

10.4
15.2
16.2

8.5
4.2
4.4
3.0

16.6
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0

11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.1

10.5

13.7
8.4
4.4
4.5
3.2

10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9

10.9

13.1
8.5
4.2
4.4

10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3

8.8
4.3
4.5
3.3

10.9
15.5
19.6
12.8
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.9

5.6

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.5

11.5
16.3

11.3

11.4

15.3
8.9
4.3
4.4
3.5

14.3
8.5
4.1
4.2
3.2

16.3
18.1
14.4
8.5
4.0
4.2
3.2

16.0
17.7
14.5

11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.0

10.9
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.4
3.2

11.1
15.4
17.3
13.5

8.9
4.4
4.5
3.4

11.3
16.4
20.8
13.5
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.9

12.8

17.4

11.0
15.4
17.5

5.6

5.5

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.3

10.9
15.0
16.0
14.2
8.6
4.4
4.6

10.0

10.5
14.5
18.2
12.0

3.1

2.8

10.5
13.8
16.8
11.6
8.6
4.4
4.7
2.9

10.4

12.6
14.1
12.1
8.6
4.3
4.6

9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.4

14.1

15.9
13.3

15.4

18.5

14.8

19.2
12.8
8.0
4.3
4.6
2.8

8.2
4.3
4.5

2.9

4.1
4.3

14.8

13.7
15.3
12.5
7.7

14.4

4.1
2.6

14.9
13.8
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

5.2

4.8

5.3

5.0

4.1
4.3
3.3

18.6
20.6
17.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0

11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1
8.1
4.0
4.1
3.4

9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
2.8

10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.2

11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.9

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.3

10.3

10.7
14.2
15.8

10.9

9.7

14.0
15.9
12.7
9.1

12.8
16.8
10.0

10.0
13.1

10.4
13.2

14.8

12.7

11.7

12.8
8.9
4.1
4.4
2.6

9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3
7.7
4.4
4.6
3.0

8.7

13.3
14.1
12.8

13.1
8.7

8.6
4.2
4.4
2.4

4.1
4.4
2.6

4.1
4.3

3.1

8.0
3.9
4.2
2.5

3.9

8.3
4.0
4.3
2.3

14.5
7.7
4.0
4.2

2.9

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasttna!!y adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1989

1988
Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

5.6
4.9

5.3
4.6
4.7
15.0

5.4
4.8
4.7

14.1

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8

5.4
4.6
4.7
16.4

5.1
4.5
4.5
14.8

5.0
4.2
4.6
13.7

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.4

5.2
4.3
4.8

15.4

5.4
4.6
4.8
15.5

15.2

4.7
10.1
11.5
8.1

4.9
10.0
11.4
8.4

4.7
9.5
10.9
7.5

4.6
10.0
11.2
8.0

4.6
10.0
11.6
7.6

4.6
10.6
12.0

4.3
10.6
11.9

4.2
9.8

11.2
7.8

8.4

6.8

10.9
6.5

4.6
9.6
10.8
8.3

4.4
9.5
11.0
7.9

3.2
3.9
7.9

3.1
4.0
8.5

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.1
3.7
8.2

3.1
3.6
8.0

3.1
3.4
8.0

2.9
3.5
7.9

3.2
4.0
7.6

2.9
3.8
8.3

5.2
7.7
1.3
6.4

5.0
7.7
1.3
6.3

5.0
8.0
1.3
6.4

5.3
7.4
1.3
6.4

5.1
7.4
1.3
6.3

5.0
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.0
7.1
1.2
6.2

5.1
7.0
1.2
6.3

5.0
7.9
1.2
6.2

4.8
7.3
1.1
5.9

4.8
6.2
1.1
5.8

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.8
6.9
1.1
5.9

5.6
6.5
9.4
10.5
5.3
4.9
5.9
5.2
4.2
6.3
4.6
2.9
12.4

5.4
6.2
6.8
10.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.1
6.0
4.6
2.9
10.0

5.4
6.3
5.4
10.4
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.0
3.6
6.2
4.5
3.0
11.0

5.6
6.7
7.0
10.7
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.1
3.8
6.4
4.4
2.9
11.0

5.4
6.4
8.6
9.6
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.7
10.8

5.4
6.4
8.8
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6
10.2

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3

5.4
6.4
7.7
10.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8

5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5

5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9

5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9

5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5

5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3

May

June

July

5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6

5.4
4.6
4.9
14.1

5.4
4.5
5.0
15.1

4.7
10.9
12.1
8.8

4.6
10.3
11.7
8.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.3
3.9
8.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

4.8

4.6
9.8

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time

58




for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Weeks of unemployment
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

3,072
2,068
1,614
789
825

3,093
1,910
1,543
749
794

2,985
2,041
1,619
826
793

3,158
1,956
1,636
831
805

3,116
1,896
1,568
775
793

3,059
1,835
1,554
788
766

3,117
1,935
1,502
787
715

3,029
2,039
1,495
758
737

3,181
2,081
1,512
757
755

3,247
1,865
1,304
665
639

3,055
1,821
1,310
648
663

3,090
2,034
1,426
689
737

3,041
2,017
1,313
702
611

13.8
5.9

13.2
5.9

13.5
6.2

13.5
5.9

13.5
5.7

13.4
5.7

12.6
5.6

5.8

12.7
5.7

12.1
5.3

12.4
5.4

12.7
5.4

11.8
5.3

100.0
45.5
30.6
23.9
11.7
12.2

100.0
47.3
29.2
23.6
11.4
12.1

100.0
44.9
30.7
24.4
12.4
11.9

100.0
46.8
29.0
24.2
12.3
11.9

100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
11.8
12.1

100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9

100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9

100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2

100.0
47.0
30.7
22.3
11.2
11.1

100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3
10.4
10.0

100.0
49.4
29.4
21.2
10.5
10.7

100.0
47.2
31.1
21.8
10.5
11.3

100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0
9.6

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Reasons for unemployment
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

3,201
806
2,395
942
1,804
811

3,070
861
2,209
953
1,747
800

3,085
853
2,232
923
1,883
799

3,112
880
2,232
986
1,843
800

3,079
833
2,246
985
1,767
761

2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747

3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799

3,066
819
2,247
998
1,725
799

3,121
827
2,294
985
1,835
780

2,876
774
2,102
985
1,740
765

2,831
808
2,023
885
1,730
713

2,984
847
2,137
978
1,894
671

2,724
790
1,934
1,114
1,852
683

100.0
47.4
11.9
35.4
13.9
26.7
12.0

100.0
46.7
13.1
33.6
14.5
26.6
12.2

100.0
46.1
12.8
33.4
13.8
28.1
11.9

100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.6
27.3
11.9

100.0
46.7
12.6
34.1
14.9
26.8
11.5

100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6

100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2

100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1

100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6

100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0

100.0
46.0
13.1
32.8
14.4
28.1
11.6

100.0
45.7
13.0
32.7
15.0
29.0
10.3

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.4
.6

2.3
.7
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




1.4
.7

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

RetaJ
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

(1)

O
O
O
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
O
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
()

Local

Annual averages
1937 ....
1938 ....
1939 ....

31,011
29,194
30,603

27,255
25,311
26,608

12,936
11,401
12,297

1,015
891
854

1,127
1,070
1,165

10,794
9,440
10,278

18,075
17,793
18,306

3,134
2,863
2,936

(1)
(1)
1,762

(1)
(1)
4,664

1,417
1,410
1,447

3,503
3,458
3,502

1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...,
....
....

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

1950 ....
1951 ....
1952 ....
1953 ....
1954 ....
1955 ....
1956 ....
1957 ....
1958 ....
19592 ...

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,212

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
111
717
721

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,483
19,110

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063

9,765
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339

0)

905

01
()

O
1

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1988:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April?
May?
1

105,091
105,561
105,768
105,954
106,207
106,475
106,824
107,097

87,756
88,199
88,418
88,578
88,736
88,991
89,299
89,574

25,179
25,265
25,323
25,303
25,313
25,384
25,460
25,513

725
726
725
725
719
717
712
711

5,100
5,139
5,150
5,153
5,163
5,162
5,191
5,213

19,354
19,400
19,448
19,425
19,431
19,505
19,557
19,589

79,912
80,296
80,445
80,651
80,894
81,091
81,364
81,584

5,522
5,542
5,557
5,572
5,581
5,596
5,616
5,634

6,001
6,027
6,038
6,051
6,071
6,086
6,104
6,125

19,036
19,096
19,139
19,182
19,188
19,229
19,282
19,328

6,654
6,672
6,678
6,686
6,695
6,710
6,726
6,744

25,364
25,597
25,683
25,784
25,888
25,986
26,111
26,230

2,962
2,956
2,958
2,967
2,985
2,986
2,983
2,981

4,059
4,062
4,071
4,079
4,088
4,081
4,085
4,085

10,314
10,344
10,321
10,330
10,398
10,417
10,457
10,457

107,442
107,711
107,888
108,094
108,195

89,897
90,124
90,291
90,472
90,541

25,626
25,629
25,646
25,664
25,631

711
711
714
720
719

5,267
5,270
5,252
5,275
5,261

19,648
19,648
19,680
19,669
19,651

81,816
82,082
82,242
82,430
82,564

5,654
5,667
5,666
5,682
5,694

6,146
6,171
6,197
6,207
6,209

19,407
19,460
19,488
19,491
19,508

6,746
6,763
6,774
6,781
6,788

26,318
26,434
26,520
26,647
26,711

2,978
2,982
2,982
2,975
2,964

4,084
4,095
4,102
4,111
4,138

10,483
10,510
10,513
10,536
10,552

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect new benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, unadjusted data (beginning April 1987) and seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1984) differ from those previously published. See the article in this issue
for additional information.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

87,123

Total private
Mining

87,861 89,052 89,971

520

502

511

711

49.0
7.9
13.7

50.3
8.1
13.7

58.0
8.9
13.9

59.6
9.0
13.9

37.7
6.3
10.7

38.7
6.
10.7

45.8
7.3
10.9

47.3
7.4
11.0

122.7
120.9

121.9
120.1

118.3
116.5

117.5
115.6

267.0
100.6
166.4

270.8
100.9
169.9

255.7
97.3
158.4

258.3
96.9
161.4

86.7
32.4

88.8
33.!

82.1
30.!

87.6
32.8

5,303

3,848

4,02;

3,69!

3,95!

1,324.8 1,362.7 1,287.3 1,330.4 1,368.9
703.6
731.3
691.0
714.9
45.4
48.1
47.9
45.3
550.9
573.1
583.
570.;

961.3
497.6
22.4
441.3

995.4
521.9
22.4
451.1

912.7
476.1
19.8
416.8

953.1
498.1
19.6
435.4

625.3
202.7
422.6

672.4
231.;
441.;

564.8
150.7
414.1

643.4
192.1
451.3

11,12
12

150.4
148.4

149.6
147.6

144.4
142.J

143.;
141.0

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

403.7
201.4
202.3

406.8
201.1
205.7

390.5
196.0
194.!

394.1
195.9
198.2

113.3
41.2
35.4
16.8

115.6
42.3
36.5
16.7

108.9
39.i
32.;
17.7

114.4
41.5
35.0
17.7

4,955

5,141

4,837

5,117

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods




71,923 72,752 73,341

514

702

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

62

71,133

722

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

See footnotes at end of table.

90,633 70,484

Apr.
1989P

716
10
101
102

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Mar.
1989

May
1989P

104,761 105,533 107,017 107,936 108,629

Total

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

Apr.
1988

May
1988

May
1989P

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

748.9
246.1
502.8

796.3
275.4
520.9

694.;
194.1
500.1

716

393.9

776.4
237.;
539.;

2,881.3 2,982.4 2,855. 3,010.3
631.4
642.5 651.0
660.9
161.8
172.9
170.6
159.8
524.7
532.3 537.8
540.4
471.8
489.7 460.4
490.6
184.7
192.7
196.9
191.1
201.0
206.1
208.1
192.6

513

4,132

2,261.1 2,354. 2,217.1 2,358.2
463.8
473.9
478.3
486.3
133.9
145.0
131.1
141.1
405.8
412.3
412.8
415.;
405.4
422.1
392.1
419.;
141.1
149.1
147.8
153.,
158.7
163.3
149.4
164.9

19,238

19,308

19,556 19,576

19,603

13,129

13,186

13,348

11,355

11,395

11,550 11,570

11,580

7,576

7,61;

7,710

7,728

7,741

749.3
80.7
205.6
166.6
35.6
264.7
103.7
71.7
24.1
37.2
43.8
67.6
44.3
86.9

761.;
85.
206.4
168.0
34.9
269.0
106.4
72.
24.1
37.
44.,
69.9
45.8
86.0

770.8

624.1
66.;
181.4
147.0
31.4
217.7
83.!
57.4
21.1
33.8
37.2
50.6
35.
71.0

634.8
70.6
182.1
148.;
30.8
221.7
85.9
57.9
21.1
34.1
37.7
52.i
37.0
70.;

625.7
69.8
179.9
145.6
31.
217.7
85.9
57.1
21.4
31.5
36.4
51.1
38.2
70.8

629.0
66.9
181.3
146.8
31.4
220.0
86.
57.8
21.5
31.6
37.1
53.0
39.6
70.7

641.3

755.0
85.5
205.8
166.8
35."
266.4
106.6
71.
24.6
35.1
43.0
68.1
47.,
86.;

757.4
82.0
207.1
168.1
35.3
269.0
107.4
72.4
24.
35.;
43.
69.
48.6
85.9

13,363 13,390

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1972
SIC
Pnrip

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Production workers

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

526.9
311.2
139.2
99.9
29.0
29.6
69.7
31.9
77.6
36.5

526.7
309.0
138.5
98.6
28.5
30.0
69.5
32.6
78.6
37.0

534.8
314.4
138.8
102.4
29.4
30.3
69.8
34.7
78.3
37.6

534.6
313.0
138.3
102.2
28.5
30.6
70.0
34.8
79.1
37.7

530.1
_
_
_
_
_
-

419.9
263.3
121.6
83.7
23.8
22.6
52.3
24.5
55.9
23.9

419.2
260.8
121.0
82.6
23.2
22.9
52.2
25.1
56.6
24.5

427.9
266.3
121.3
85.9
24.4
23.2
52.6
27.4
56.5
25.1

426.9
264.6
120.9
85.5
23.3
23.5
52.3
27.4
57.2
25.4

423.3
_
_
_
_
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

595.9
15.1
86.0
44.4
41.6
53.6
19.6
38.5
36.9
216.0
20.5
72.8
102.9
116.6
21.8
8.7
26.1

604.3
15.4
86.2
44.5
41.7
53.8
19.7
39.0
37.3
221.2
20.9
74.0
106.5
117.8
21.7
8.8
26.1

592.2
16.3
84.2
42.1
42.1
55.7
19.1
37.9
38.4
204.5
18.8
73.0
92.8
120.9
22.6
8.8
26.6

603.0
16.4
83.7
41.8
41.9
55.5
19.3
38.3
38.3
214.8
19.3
75.2
100.4
120.9
22.6
8.8
26.6

609.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

463.1
11.8
74.4
40.2
34.2
39.5
15.0
30.1
29.6
166.5
13.4
55.2
82.6
85.7
15.2
6.5
-

471.0
12.0
74.5
40.3
34.2
40.0
15.1
30.5
30.0
171.6
13.8
56.3
86.2
86.3
15.0
6.6
-

459.2
13.2
72.6
38.0
34.6
42.9
14.5
29.5
30.6
154.9
11.9
55.3
72.5
89.3
16.1
6.6
-

469.2
13.3
72.2
37.9
34.3
42.8
14.6
29.9
30.5
164.5
12.4
57.4
79.5
89.2
16.0
6.7
-

475.7
_
_
_

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

767.4
277.6
209.4
24.4
135.4
83.9
9.2
27.6
43.5
25.6
179.3
23.3
28.0
76.6
86.9
53.7

769.9
277.5
209.0
24.7
136.6
84.6
9.3
28.2
43.6
25.8
179.9
23.5
28.2
76.4
87.4
53.9

789.6
276.4
206.7
25.3
145.6
88.1
9.8
31.8
45.3
26.9
182.2
23.4
28.3
78.2
92.5
55.6

788.3
275.0
206.1
24.8
145.6
87.9
9.8
31.9
45.3
26.9
182.6
23.5
28.4
78.2
92.1
55.1

784.3
274.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

587.0
215.3
163.9
18.5
108.2
68.4
6.9
21.4
32.0
19.1
128.7
17.9
19.5
55.4
69.9
43.9

589.6
215.3
163.4
18.9
109.5
69.3
7.0
21.9
32.3
19.4
129.3
18.0
19.7
55.3
70.1
44.0

604.7
214.2
161.6
19.2
115.9
72.4
7.4
25.1
33.9
20.7
130.8
17.9
19.1
57.2
74.3
45.5

603.3
212.7
161.0
18.7
116.2
72.3
7.4
25.1
33.9
20.7
131.0
17.9
19.2
57.2
74.0
45.0

600.2
212.5
_
_
_
_
_

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

1,416.5 1,423.9 1,451.3 1,449.4 1,451.4 1,054.3 1,061.2 1,080.3 1,076.6 1,079.9
_
44.9
44.9
45.6
45.2
52.2
52.3
53.0
53.4
_
_
35.9
35.9
36.7
36.9
41.3
41.4
42.8
42.5
_
_
104.5
136.6
137.1
140.7
140.6
101.7
101.3
104.6
_
33.8
35.0
33.9
35.2
46.2
46.3
47.7
47.9
_
_
59.8
60.1
62.1
61.7
79.2
79.6
81.6
82.0
_
42.3
59.8
59.7
58.7
58.8
42.2
43.3
43.3
_
19.6
18.1
18.3
26.1
26.2
24.8
24.9
19.6
_
_
13.9
14.0
13.9
21.0
20.8
20.7
20.8
14.0
_
298.9 303.4 308.7 307.6
432.0
420.3 424.3 431.9
_
_
54.7
54.3
78.6
78.7
76.3
76.0
56.3
56.8
_
58.4
59.4
81.6
80.5
83.1
81.5
59.1
61.2
_
67.0
107.3
107.4
100.9
100.7
72.7
72.7
67.4
_
74.4
73.5
99.3
99.4
99.4
98.0
74.9
73.9
23.5
33.1
33.7
31.7
31.5
24.1
23.6
24.7
-

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment ....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,063.5 2,070.3 2,147.2 2,147.1 2,148.8 1,242.6 1,246.8 1,304.0 1,303.5 1,304.5
98.1
92.6
92.2
61.3
97.8
64.8
61.6
64.3
26.8
24.4
24.4
14.0
27.4
15.7
13.9
16.0
47.3
71.3
49.1
47.7
70.4
68.2
67.8
48.3
74.9
82.0
74.9
105.7 105.4 111.8 111.5
81.7
51.2
56.5
50.6
56.9
79.9
74.7
75.4
80.2
224.7 226.2 235.5 236.7
138.6
137.0
145.0 145.5
85.4
51.5
51.0
81.6
81.9
53.3
85.9
53.6
10.0
10.0
16.6
16.4
16.3
10.3
16.7
10.3
25.3
24.9
25.2
42.4
41.4
42.0
24.9
42.4
18.3
18.0
19.5
35.7
19.8
33.9
34.3
36.3
18.6
18.5
19.3
19.6
28.3
26.9
27.0
28.3
308.3 310.2 333.9 334.6
220.2 221.6 242.2 242.0
30.8
52.7
30.6
53.2
48.5
48.8
34.4
34.9
11.7
11.6
19.4
18.2
12.7
19.3
18.1
12.6
146.0 146.6 157.3 157.1
111.5 112.0 121.5 121.0
61.9
56.7
40.1
39.7
56.0
61.9
44.1
44.3
16.4
16.2
23.2
22.3
22.5
23.5
16.9
16.9
168.2 169.3 179.2 179.1
100.6 101.1
107.3 107.3
36.0
34.7
20.9
34.7
20.9
35.9
21.8
21.7
13.9
13.8
21.3
20.7
20.8
14.1
21.2
14.0
17.0
17.0
29.4
28.4
28.4
17.4
29.4
17.3
159.6
246.9 247.4 255.3 255.8
159.5
166.0 166.8
25.4
45.9
43.7
43.8
25.3
45.9
26.5
26.8
32.9
43.7
42.2
42.3
32.9
43.6
34.2
34.2
13.1
22.5
22.6
22.4
13.2
22.4
13.1
13.0
19.8
19.7
31.3
31.4
30.6
30.8
20.8
20.9
11.6
11.6
17.5
16.8
12.2
16.6
17.6
12.3
12.3
12.3
18.1
13.0
18.9
18.2
13.0
18.8
470.4
474.8 473.6
468.9
156.0 155.8 155.2 154.9
419.8
414.6
412.7
128.5 128.7 129.9 129.4
418.6
185.5 185.8 188.1
188.2
133.6 134.0 135.5 135.8
96.0
96.0
129.5 129.5 131.3 131.5
97.7
97.7
262.7 263.4 270.5 269.8
199.2 199.9 206.0 205.2
24.8
24.5
30.5
30.8
31.0
24.1
30.5
24.1
231.9 232.4 240.0 239.3
174.7 175.1
181.9 181.1

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,058.7 2,056.2 2,051.7 2,048.4 2,041.9 1,213.4 1,212.9 1,208.9 1,205.5 1,201.7
75.6
75.2
104.9 105.4 108.6 108.4
77.0
77.2
37.9
37.7
53.7
52.7
53.6
52.5
38.5
38.6
37.7
37.5
54.9
52.7
52.4
38.5
54.8
38.6
182.8 186.1
186.4
182.1
126.7 127.8 130.4 131.0
90.2
90.6
89.7
70.6
69.7
90.8
71.3
71.5
58.7
34.4
34.2
60.6
58.6
36.0
60.8
36.4
137.7 137.0 136.6
137.9
109.5
109.2 109.7 110.7
29.4
27.9
29.1
29.3
23.8
23.2
23.8
23.7
22.7
22.8
17.9
22.3
22.3
18.5
18.4
18.1
36.0
28.6
36.7
36.4
28.3
28.5
37.0
29.3

See footnotes at end of table.

64




98.9
49.0
49.9
227.4
31.6
102.4
80.7
119.8
77.6
42.2
76.6
42.8
221.1
74.1
54.7

99.6
49.5
50.1
228.5
31.8
103.0
81.1
120.3
78.0
42.3
76.8
42.8
221.6
74.4
54.7

102.3
50.8
51.5
237.4
33.5
106.7
84.6
128.9
83.5
45.4
73.4
41.0
228.3
78.2
55.8

101.9
50.6
51.3
237.0
33.6
106.7
84.0
129.1
83.4
45.7
73.2
40.7
227.6
78.2
55.9

75.7
40.3
35.4
181.6
24.3
86.7
61.2
96.3
62.8
33.5
47.8
24.1
162.0
50.3
42.0

76.0
40.5
35.5
182.4
24.4
87.4
61.3
96.7
63.1
33.6
48.0
24.0
162.3
50.5
42.1

78.3
41.5
36.8
190.5
25.9
90.8
64.3
102.7
66.9
35.8
44.5
22.0
165.7
52.5
42.5

78.1
41.3
36.8
189.8
25.9
90.7
63.7
102.7
66.7
36.0
43.9
21.4
165.0
52.4
42.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

197.3
27.0
78.7
15.8
26.8
82.5
61.0
570.3
111.5
458.8
630.1
39.1
258.3
257.0
153.8
27.8
68.2

May
1988

197.2
27.0
78.8
15.9
26.6
82.3
60.4
567.1
111.6
455.5
630.9
39.0
259.5
256.1
153.5
27.6
68.4

Mar.
1989

202.5
26.7
78.7
17.0
28.9
91.6
67.8
545.4
104.7
440.7
623.4
38.8
258.6
252.0
157.5
27.6
70.0

Apr.
1989 P

May
1989 P

Apr.
1988

143.2
23.1
52.0
11.6
20.1
56.6
40.5
239.0
66.0
173.0
355.4
25.3
101.8
172.5
107.8
20.9
52.0

201.4
26.7
78.3
17.1
28.1
92.4
68.6
543.8
104.7
439.1
621.6
38.5
257.9
251.7
156.5
27.9
69.4

May
1988

143.3
23.2
52.1
11.6
20.0
56.8
40.2
237.8
66.2
171.6
354.7
25.2
102.1
171.3
107.7
20.8
52.3

Mar.
1989

147.2
22.8
51.4
12.8
21.9
64.9
46.7
221.8
62.5
159.3
346.5
24.9
96.6
170.1
111.4
20.9
53.7

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

145.2
22.7
50.9
12.8
20.8
65.6
47.3
220.7
62.2
158.5
344.7
24.7
95.4
169.9
110.4
21.0
53.4

2,053.3 2,056.8 2,066.6 2,076.3 2,076.0 1,283.8 1,287.6 1,291.9 1,302.2 1,300.5
854.5 859.3 868.6 877.5 881.3 665.6 669.7 676.1
683.8 684.6
358.4 359.6 359.4 365.5
269.2 270.0 269.3 274.3
43.9
43.6
43.8
44.2
33.8
34.2
34.5
34.2
402.2 405.4 413.8 416.0
322.5 325.7 332.2 334.1
30.6
30.5
29.9
23.7
31.1
24.2
24.0
24.7
337.1
694.3 692.4 695.7 697.7
336.8 338.2 340.0
159.4
364.5 373.2 375.7
365.1
163.8
160.0
165.9
150.4
150.6
155.3
156.1
76.8
75.8
76.4
75.8
171.6
171.9
172.6
173.1
100.9
98.6
100.4
98.3
191.8
151.9
192.1
199.6
198.8
143.2
152.5
143.8
120.4
121.4
126.4
126.2
92.4
92.8
83.9
84.0
71.4
70.7
73.2
72.6
59.3
60.1
59.1
59.8
38.3
38.1
31.0
30.5
22.1
28.4
22.6
28.6
208.7 208.0
211.4 211.1
63.2
62.0
62.5
62.4
152.9
153.0
153.8
154.3
43.9
42.8
42.3
42.1
49.4
49.7
51.2
51.3
35.0
34.2
35.0
33.9
20.6
20.7
21.4
21.5
16.8
16.8
16.4
16.5

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

738.6
92.6
257.9
48.0
58.0
106.4
29.7
196.9
97.3
85.6
38.9
111.2
11.4

741.7
93.4
258.6
48.2
58.1
106.7
29.5
198.5
98.3
86.0
39.2
111.2
11.3

774.0
99.3
269.7
49.5
62.9
108.8
30.8
208.4
103.4
90.1
38.9
115.5
11.4

775.9
99.6
269.2
49.5
63.0
108.4
30.6
209.7
104.4
90.4
39.5
115.9
11.4

776.6

406.5
41.7
146.5
31.3
31.1
53.1
14.9
120.3
56.7
55.6
26.8
47.8
8.5

408.4
42.2
147.4
31.5
31.1
53.9
14.9
120.9
57.1
55.7
26.8
47.9
8.3

426.5
46.0
154.6
33.3
33.8
55.1
16.1
125.4
60.4
56.8
26.4
49.4
8.6

428.9
46.5
154.5
33.2
33.8
55.0
16.1
126.3
61.2
56.8
27.1
49.8
8.6

429.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles ...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

385.1
53.0
37.6
13.1
104.4
45.8
58.6
34.3
40.4
21.1
139.9
61.0

384.0
53.1
37.8
13.1
103.6
44.8
58.8
34.2
40.5
21.0
139.5
60.7

387.9
53.3
38.3
13.4
104.5
44.0
60.5
34.1
40.8
22.4
141.8
62.3

389.8
53.6
38.7
13.4
105.5
44.4
61.1
34.4
40.7
22.0
142.2
62.4

390.7

281.0
37.0
26.1
11.0
78.7
33.4
45.3
24.2
30.8
16.1
99.3
42.1

280.5
37.0
26.2
11.0
78.0
32.8
45.2
24.2
31.1
16.1
99.2
41.7

281.0
37.7
27.0
11.1
76.6
30.6
46.0
23.6
31.8
17.3
100.2
42.9

283.3
38.0
27.3
11.1
77.5
31.0
46.5
23.8
31.6
16.8
101.3
43.2

284.5

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool.
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

66




Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989 P

May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989 P

May
1989P

8,006 8,006 8,023 5,553 5,574 5,638 5,635 5,649
7,883 7,913
1,580.1 1,592.8 1,598.6 1,600.4 1,614.8 1,109.8 1,122.0 1,132.3 1,132.8 1,144.8
410.3
395.5 408.3
393.1
334.6 346.0 347.9
332.1
139.4
142.2
142.3
138.6
118.9
119.1
116.8
115.8
82.1
79.8
79.0
60.2
59.9
58.5
57.8
81.8
139.0
162.9
155.0
153.6
148.2
140.4
161.0
146.3
95.4
158.5
157.7
95.5
96.5
156.0
155.4
94.8
31.5
31.6
31.7
41.5
41.5
41.3
31.5
41.3
37.7
37.4
37.7
37.3
74.5
76.3
76.4
74.6
228.2
223.1
178.7
227.4 228.1
183.7
183.4
183.3
15.1
21.8
21.7
16.6
16.8
15.2
23.3
23.5
55.3
57.7
56.4
56.4
71.0
71.1
69.6
69.5
39.9
38.7
40.0
42.5
48.9
46.1
45.0
46.1
84.5
86.6
87.2
84.8
124.5
123.0
122.3
124.8
14.6
15.1
15.3
14.6
21.4
22.0
21.2
22.1
26.6
26.7
26.7
26.5
42.4
42.4
42.2
42.1
121.3
198.2
201.2
200.8
122.1
198.6
120.5
121.1
86.8
153.7
157.1
88.1
156.0
86.8
87.0
153.5
34.5
34.0
44.1
33.7
34.1
44.5
44.8
45.1
68.9
69.6
69.7
72.5
90.5
89.7
89.1
93.8
14.7
14.8
12.8
13.7
16.9
19.1
19.2
17.9
40.7
41.1
43.2
45.3
52.9
50.1
49.6
55.4
23.7
23.5
23.7
23.5
32.2
31.9
32.1
32.1
85.0
86.1
83.4
82.8
196.7
200.5 201.9
195.3
25.9
26.0
24.8
24.5
42.2
42.1
40.8
40.5
37.6
38.5
36.9
36.3
111.5
115.8
114.4
110.4
162.9
161.4
120.2
163.9
162.9
121.8
121.5
121.0
53.2
41.0

51.8
40.1

54.5
40.3

51.2
39.8

49.4

39.3
30.8

38.1
30.1

40.1
29.6

36.9
28.9

34.8

730.4
102.3
88.6
19.0
23.7
212.0
34.3
36.8
70.1
26.4
25.4
60.8
25.4
21.7
59.7
108.4
81.3
14.7
55.9

732.7
102.0
88.8
19.1
24.0
213.0
33.6
36.5
71.6
26.4
25.6
60.6
25.3
21.6
59.8
109.1
81.8
14.9
56.3

727.2
96.1
91.6
19.6
24.8
209.7
33.6
36.8
68.6
25.5
26.4
61.5
25.6
21.7
61
106.7
80.4
14.5
56.0

727.0
96.1
91.0
19.6
24.5
210.9
33.6
36.9
69.4
25.4
26.6
61.4
25.7
21.7
61.4
106.0
80.0
14.3
56.1

729.0

633.8
92.7
78.7
15.4
20.3
187.6
31.4
33.2
62.6
22.3
22.3
50.6
21.1
17.6
47.7
97.1
73.6
13.0
43.7

634.6
92.5
78.6
15.6
20.5
188.3
30.8
32.9
63.9
22.3
22.4
50.3
21.0
17.4
47.5
97.5
73.9
13.1
43.8

629.8
86.4
81.6
15.9
21.2
185.2
30.3
33.4
61.3
21.6
23.0
50.7
21.0
17.5
49.8
95.5
72.6
12.8
43.5

629.0
86.4
80.9
15.9
21.0
186.0
30.3
33.5
61.8
21.6
23.2
50.6
21.1
17.5
49.9
94.9
72.1
12.7
43.4

630.2

1,098.1 1,099.2 1,102.3 1,099.5 1,098.0
58.2
57.1
58.1
57.6
303.3 302.8 300.8 300.9
77.3
75.
75.0
77.4
50.9
50.5
50.3
51.0
91.4
90.8
91.6
91.9
351.8 349.8 344.7 341.8
44.4
43.4
43.0
44.6
78.4
78.7
76.7
80.,
37.;
35.8
37.4
35.5
189.8
184.7
186.8
191.5

924.2
49.8
262.0
66.4
44.5
80.5
294.0
36.9
66.7
28.8
161.6

924.4
50.3
261.2
66.1
44.4
80.0
292.6
36.8
65.;
30.4
160.2

931.5
49.8
260.4
64.3
43.8
79.8
289.8
36.3
66.0
29.6
157.9

929.0
48.9
260.6
64.4
43.6
80.:
286.7
35.6
64.0
31.0
156.1

927.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

239
2391
2392
2396

71.4
57.3
14.1
57.7
22.8
42.4
196.8
25.4
52.1
41.9

71.6
57.6
14.0
58.4
22.8
43.0
198.2
25.5
51.9
42.1

71.0
57.1
13.9
56.4
22.0
44.0
208.8
25.3
56.1
44.1

70.9
56.9
14.0
56.3
22.1
44.2
209.6
25.7
55.7
44.6

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264

687.0
193.6
172.2
52.5
235.8

690.1
194.3

693.1

692.3
192.0
171.9
52.4

2641
2642
2643
265

59.3
27.3
52.2
205.1
45.5

59.6
26.9

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

2651
2653
2654

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

111.8

22.1

172.8
52.7
237.0

192.4
172.2
52.4
239.1
60.2

May
1989P

694.3

49.1
75.2
56.7

519.6
147.1

521.2

522.0
146.0

130.3

130.7
39.9

520.9
145.5
129.6
40.1
173.3
34.7
20.8
41.7

173.4

60.1

206.1
45.7

209.5
46.4

111.8
22.6

113.6
22.3

113.6
22.3

84.3
19.0

175.0
367.5
49.6
80.5
60.8

175.8
367.9
49.2
80.4
60.5

1,054.1 1,058.5 1,084.4 1,086.4 1,088.9
132.2 132.3 133.8 133.9
90.1
90.0
90.3
90.5
183.6 183.9
176.1
175.0
85.5
81.7
81.3
85.9
66.0
65.5
68.8
68.8
227.2 228.4 238.4 239.6
187.7 188.7 196.4 197.4
157.4 158.9 161.8 161.4
43.7
43.8
43.4
43.3
43.7
46.3
43.6
46.5
71.7
71.6
69.9
72.0
63.2
62.9
63.5
63.0
145.2 145.3 148.8 149.3
29.6
29.7
30.7
30.5
115.7
115.5
118.6
118.3
53.3
54.3
53.1
53.7
100.7 101.3 101.1
100.8
159.6
120.4
27.0

58.9
49.1
9.8
47.2
19.2
36.6
174.9
21.3
47.0
38.2

26.9
53.8
209.2
46.4

169.5
355.1
49.0
76.0
57.0

162.4
122.1
28.1

158.1

161.2

121.6
23.7

122.1
26.2

163.7

Apr.
1989P

58.8
49.1
9.7
47.2
19.1
36.2
174.3
21.0
47.4
37.3

238.4
26.8
53.3

Mar.
1989

59.0
49.3
9.7
49.1
19.9
35.7
162.9
21.0
43.9
34.8

36.9
21.0
40.9
159.4
36.2

52.1

May
1988

59.0
49.3
9.7
48.2
19.7
35.4
162.3
20.8
44.3
34.8

39.7

1,552.0 1,553.7 1,599.8 1,601.7 1,600.1
472.5 473.4 475.4 474.4
128.4 134.8 134.5
128.1
116.2 115.7 122.3 123.7
90.4
85.7
86.2
91.5
31.9
30.0
32.2
30.0
82.7
81.8
78.7
78.8
552.0 570.6 572.1
552.1

169.5
355.3

Apr.
1988

147.7

173.5
36.7
20.6
40.7
160.1
36.3
84.1

19.4

130.0
40.2
174.0
34.8
20.9
42.3
161.8
37.0
85.3
18.7

872.7
171.2
47.2
63.6

871.3
170.6
46.7
63.0

39.4
24.2
41.5
403.7

38.9
24.1
40.8

891.8
168.9
47.5
65.4
40.0
25.4
42.5

402.9

414.3

121.3
260.5
33.5
59.4
41.6

121.0
260.0
33.6
60.3
42.0

126.3
265.6
33.8
62.5
44.8

590.9
66.4
48.4
114.3
47.7
46.2
101.5
82.7
101.5
27.3
25.3
48.9
30.9
83.9
18.4
65.5
34.6
57.8

593.4
66.8
48.7

103.5
76.3
20.4

May
1989P

523.3

162.0

36.9
85.3
18.7

893.5
167.9
47.4
66.2
40.6
25.6
42.6
416.2
127.0
266.4
33.6
62.6
44.6

891.5

608.2
68.1
47.9

610.2

102.4
27.1
25.2
50.1
31.1
84.1
18.3
65.8
34.4
57.8

608.4
68.1
48.0
120.0
50.6
48.5
105.0
85.6
102.4
27.0
26.5
48.9
31.8
86.7
18.9
67.8
34.1
60.3

106.0
77.7
21.5

101.9
77.2
17.6

105.5
78.3
20.1

115.3
48.3
46.5

101.5
82.6

120.3
50.8
48.7

104.2
85.2
102.3
27.2
26.4
48.7
31.6
87.3
19.0
68.3
34.5
59.9

108.5

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

Apr.
1988

845.5
84.7
11.1

844.6
84.9
11.0

842.1

640.7
59.6
10.1

643.1
59.7
10.2

662.1
63.7
9.1

662.0
64.0
9.0

303,4
306
307

25.4
100.1
603.3

25.6
100.8
605.2

27.8
102.0
619.9

27.8
101.3
619.6

-

18.8
77.0
475.2

19.0
77.5
476.7

20.7
78.6
490.0

20.7
78.1
490.2

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

143.8
13.6
83.7
36.9
29.1
10.8
17.2

144.7
13.6
84.2
37.0
29.1
11.0
17.1

142.4
14.2
81.3
35.9
27.8
11.5
15.9

141.6
14.3
80.9
35.7
27.8
11.6
15.5

142.2

118.5
11.3
71.2
29.6
25.6
7.4
13.4

119.8
11.3
72.1
29.9
25.8
7.6
13.3

117.7
12.0
69.2
28.9
24.7
8.3
12.3

117.0
12.0
68.9
28.9
24.6
8.3
11.9

117.4

5,475

5,522

5,607

5,649

5,693

4,545

4,585

4,666

4,707

4,744

3,272

3,312

3,404

3,443

3,485

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

296.9
106.9

300.2
108.0

310.9
115.9

314.5
116.9

25.6

25.8

26.1

26.4

-

1,318.7 1,339.4 1,393.8 1,415.8
1,228.4 1,249.0 1,294.8 1,317.1
90.3
90.4
99.0
98.7

-

40
4011

299.0
260.0

301.8
262.1

291.8
249.3

292.5
249.3

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

321.8
117.2
36.6
28.3
113.3

325.4
118.4
36.1
28.4
114.8

337.4
127.1
36.2
29.2
115.0

342.1
128.5
35.9
29.5
116.8

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

169.5
26.9
91.3

173.2
27.8
93.8

169.1
27.5
92.8

173.1
28.7
94.9

-

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services

45
451,2
458

634.8
549.3
85.5

639.4
553.0
86.4

651.7
556.8
94.9

658.4
563.7
94.7

-

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

18.0

18.1

18.1

18.2

-

12.3

Transportation services
Freight forwarding

47
471

311.5
67.7

314.0
68.2

334.5
74.5

336.8
75.0

_

_

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

48
481
483
4832
4833

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade




May
1989P

827.5
83.5
12.4

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

68

Apr.
1989P

824.4
83.4
12.2

Transportation

See footnotes at end of table.

Mar.
1989

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies

May
1988

50
501
5012
5013

1,517.5 1,539.6 1,601.5 1,622.2
1,409.2 1,431.2 1,483.7 1,504.3
108.4
117.9
117.8
108.3

2,206
2,210
2,203
2,203
1,275.5 1,280.0 1,276.0 1,275.4
894.9 897.5 884.4 881.9
242.9
241.8
236.7 238.6
120.7
118.5
120.3
117.7
122.2
120.1
121.5
119.0

-

-

660.8

-

-

:

:

:

-

-

-

-

-

-

12.5

12.8

12.9

-

-

-

-

-

964.9
658.7
194.3

967.3
660.2
196.0

969.9
652.7
200.1

969.2
650.7
200.5

-

732.8
345.5
128.7
158.9
77.3

736.2
346.0
129.6
159.2
78.9

732.0
342.9
129.1
157.4
80.3

735.3
344.1
129.5
157.6
81.4

2,208

927.0
452.6
163.1
193.8
89.3

930.4
453.0
164.0
193.9
91.2

927.2
448.7
164.3
192.4
92.9

930.6
449.5
165.0
192.9
93.9

5,965

5,998

6,154

6,187

6,204

4,798

4,831

4,950

4,977

3,523
428.4
118.7
279.8

3,545
430.3
119.2
280.7

3,658
434.9
123.7
281.1

3,668
436.4
123.7
282.2

3,679

2,806
343.6

2,829
345.0

2,923
350.7

2,930
352.6

-

-

4,997

_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

155.9
156.2
150.8
150.3
72.5
72.5
70.0
69.2
83.7
83.4
80.8
81.1
221.4 225.2 231.0 232.2
121.1
117.1
120.8
115.8
111.4
109.9
108.1
105.6
95.0
88.7
95.5
89.1
145.5
146.0
139.1
138.7
497.8 500.4 520.8 520.4
258.8 259.2 272.1 272.2
68.9
69.0
66.2
66.3
179.8
179.2
175.0
172.7
275.2 276.9 281.8 283.6
97.4
97.9
97.6
97.0
117.0
117.9
112.6
112.0
1,503.0 1,513.8 1,557.9 1,562.7
557.1
546.7 549.2 558.3
85.0
84.6
81.0
80.4
120.0
119.4
123.0
117.9
327.4 332.1 343.9 344.6
144.7
144.2
137.3
136.8
179.2
179.3
172.1
172.1
218.7 220.0 234.8 235.3
110.3
111.1
101.9
100.9
2,442
216.0
179.0
189.6
807.5
258.1
64.5
100.4
125.1
199.7
82.4
117.3
148.4
93.8
54.6
449.2
155.2

2,453
217.3
177.8
189.3
814.3
260.3
64.4
102.8
124.9
201.0
82.9
118.1
150.4
95.4
55.0
453.2
156.7

2,496
225.2
186.5
196.2
823.1
269.3
66.3
99.6
128.9
206.8
86.9
119.9
150.8
95.3
55.5
458.8
155.2

2,519
226.7
186.8
196.5
829.4
269.9
66.5
102.6
129.8
206.8
87.0
119.8
151.1
95.8
55.3
471.0
164.3

May
1989P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2,525
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

120.7
121.3
126.2
126.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
184.7
180.8
189.3
188.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
73.4
73.0
76.2
76.0
110.4
109.6
115.5
115.6
379.9 382.7 400.4 398.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
222.1 223.8 228.5 229.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,198.6 1,210.6 1,248.2 1,251.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
177.9
177.0
189.9
189.0
1,992
175.0
150.3
145.0
681.8
_
_
92.8
156.5
_
_
121.9
_
_
364.8
-

2,002
175.9
149.2
145.0
688.2
_
_
92.6
157.4
_
_
123.7
_
_
368.9
-

2,027
182.5
156.7
151.7
688.6
_
_
92.7
162.4
_
_
123.3
_
_
371.5
-

2,047
182.8
156.8
151.7
696.0
_
_
_
93.5
162.6
_
_
123.3
_
_
382.4
-

May
1989P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

18,788 19,040 19,059 19,277 19,508 16,647 16,871 16,830 17,029 17,241

Retail trade

782.3
430.2
159.7

799.6
438.3
162.0

746.2
414.3
162.0

773.9
423.9
165.3

_
_
-

649.1
361.5
132.7

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,376.7 2,384.3 2,398.0 2,407.5 2,414.3 2,204.5 2,210.4 2,204.6 2,214.4
1,969.1 1,974.5 1,981.0 1,989.3
1,841.0 1,843.9 1,831.1 1,839.1
237.7 238.0 234.3 233.4
216.0 217.1 214.5 214.0
182.7
171.8
184.8
169.9
149.4
147.5
161.3
159.0
-

_

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,027.9 3,052.9 3,184.3 3,195.0 3,217.5 2,783.0 2,805.5 2,930.8 2,939.0
_
2,475.4 2,495.0 2,609.9 2,614.8
2,679.0 2,700.3 2,819.8 2,827.3
_
_
_
_
_
55.5
55.9
54.6
54.3
_
_
_
_
_
30.7
29.8
26.5
25.5
174.4
175.2
173.3
154.4
170.7
156.9
157.2
157.8
-

_
_
_
_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,055.6 2,078.3 2,129.4 2,147.4 2,157.2 1,718.5 1,737.6 1,778.3 1,795.0
_
839.6 844.3 868.5 868.5
1,012.9 1,018.5 1,046.6 1,046.7
_
263.0 267.2 273.9 279.7
325.3 329.5 341.1 347.4
536.4 541.8 549.7
618.0 625.8 633.3 636.8
553.3

664.6
369.0
134.2

614.0
346.8
134.0

640.7
356.5
136.9

_
-

_
-

_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
pnHp
UUUc

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers

All employees
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

1,135.7 1,144.0 1,165.1 1,165.4
106.6
106.4
107.9
107.9
413.4
405.7 410.8
399.1
269.3 268.5
262.7 265.1
226.9
219.4
220.2 229.1
792.4
453.6
280.1
92.7
246.1
172.9
73.2

793.3
457.1
281.5
90.2
246.0
172.8
73.2

805.2
469.2
290.5
80.2
255.8
179.3
76.5

801.6
468.3
289.4
79.2
254.1
177.6
76.5

May

1989P

_
_
_
_
_
-

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

959.4
88.2
336.6
228.4
181.5

966.7
88.1
341.9
230.2
183.4

979.4
86.1
344.7
232.0
190.8

979.7
86.2
345.7
231.3
189.0

_
_
-

649.8
368.4
79.1
202.3
_
-

649.6
371.4
_
77.2
201.0
-

659.5
382.1
_
66.9
210.5
_
-

656.3
381.3
_
66.0
209.0
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores .
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places .

58

6,239.8 6,385.6 6,164.2 6,316.0 6,460.6 5,684.2 5,817.5 5,596.2 5,736.4

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods .
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,378.0 2,401.6 2,466.7 2,470.3
590.4 592.8 600.2 599.7
122.6
122.4
121.6
121.9
867.3 869.9
812.6
821.5
158.6
158.2
144.6
144.9
91.5
91.6
83.4
83.8
84.9
85.3
81.5
81.6
158.4
158.9
152.1
151.1
177.4
182.2
164.6
173.8
65.0
65.5
62.1
62.5
266.6
288.3 286.2 271.5
132.8
141.2
130.3
140.6
85.8
86.3
86.1
85.9
117.1
119.1
109.0
107.2
394.2 403.0 410.6
379.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate

3

Finance .

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

6,622

6,652

6,723

6,754

6,788

3,277

3,277

3,306

3,308

3,313

1,728.7 1,727.0 1,754.2 1,757.9
1,551.6 1,549.5 1,560.9 1,561.4
313.4
314.0
314.5 312.5
364.0 364.0
358.6 359.1
80.6
80.2
78.7
78.5

_
_
_

May

1989P

1,998.3 2,019 3 2,066.9 2,067.4
503.8
505.7
508.6
508.0
_
_
_
_
677.0
685.0
721.4
722.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
257.6
255.9
240.8
236.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
89.0
90.8
99.7
97.6
320.7
307.0
329.1
335.4
4,808

4,832

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

4,851

4,879

4,914

-

-

-

1,234.4 1,234.4 1,247.3 1,247.6
1,104.9 1,104.8 1,106.8 1,105.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve ....
Mutual savings banks

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

892.8
402.6
231.3
166.0
250.5
56.6
158.9

895.4
402.4
231.6
165.5
251.8
56.8
160.5

905.9
403.2
233.3
164.7
264.6
64.6
151.0

902.6
401.4
232.0
164.2
264.6
65.3
148.9

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

664.5
305.5
_
_
193.1
_
-

Security, commodity brokers, and services.
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

450.8
355.7

449.3
354.3

437.2
340.8

438.4
341.0

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

Holding and other investment offices .

67

204.5

205.0

208.5

209.1

-

-

-

-

-

2,068

2,073

2,115

2,116

2,122

-

-

_
_
_

961.3
345.9
173.1
361.6
-

962.7
346.4
173.8
361.3
-

969.9
344.2
186.2
356.2
-

968.2
343.9
186.8
354.1
-

-

-

-

Insurance .
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .

64

See footnotes at end of table.

70




1,435.1 1,437.5 1,459.8 1,459.0
575.4 576.4 576.4
575.1
230.6
229.8
214.6
214.9
543.3
538.3 538.9 543.8
57.8
57.8
57.8
58.2
633.2

635.6

655.0

657.0

-

666.3
305.2
_
_
194.5
_

676.1
304.6
_
_
205.9
_
-

673.6
303.6
_
_
205.8
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_

_

_

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Apr.
1988

1,277

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
May
1988

1,302

Mar.
1989

1,302

Apr.
1989P

1,330

May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

1,353

1,266.9 1,292.0 1,292.6 1,320.9
557.7
547.1
562.7
575.6
526.4 531.4 533.9 539.2
171.7
162.3
164.4
174.3
9.6

9.7

9.0

9.0

25,364 25,478 26,414 26,700 26,818 22,195 22,286 23,081 23,331 23,410

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,499.1 1,534.5 1,541.8 1,572.8
1,459.8 1,492.5 1,501.4 1,528.7

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,216.7 1,163.9 1,226.5 1,236.4
408.3 412.3 408.7 410.5
57.4
58.5
55.6
57.3
366.8
364.9 365.7
368.0
79.1
79.4
80.6
81.5

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,460.6 5,515.6 5,678.2 5,718.0 5,750.9 4,685.8 4,734.1 4,841.0 4,873.6
229.9 231.4 252.4 253.4
171.0
186.1
171.6
186.8
166.4
183.2
167.0
183.9
91.1
93.6
91.3
94.2
207.7
236.6 238.4
206.7
777.4 780.8 799.4 805.6
707.4
705.5
724.5
729.3
1,335.8 1,366.6 1,325.9 1,338.1
218.2
220.1 220.0 214.1
1,012.3 1,044.9 1,008.1 1,016.5
743.8
658.7 659.7
750.5
512.3 513.1 577.5
582.5
298.5 300.3 339.6 342.2
249.1
248.3 280.7 283.7

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,149.7 2,168.5 2,213.8 2,224.9
210.6 211.6 216.3 216.8
535.8
536.3 546.9 552.0
457.9 464.2 466.2 469.1
257.1
260.4 265.6 271.2
79.7
81.4
79.1
80.0

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

May
1989P

1,297.9 1,330.0 1,332.1 1,356.3
363.1

367.0

362.6

364.5

326.1

326.1

326.9

327.7

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

819.0
156.1
476.4

830.6
163.7
480.2

883.2
177.9
507.8

890.7
180.0
515.3

682.4

689.3

728.5

734.0

393.4

396.5

416.1

421.9

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

344.4
107.2

345.4
107.6

352.3
116.7

355.8
117.7

283.6

284.5

285.8

288.4

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

234.0
108.6
107.8

236.9
107.9
111.2

253.0
134.9
100.7

257.8
134.8
105.7

195.0
85.1

196.0
82.7

214.7
111.3

218.1
110.4

Amusement and recreation services

79

895.5

951.4

880.8

947.4

762.1

812.2

764.0

825.0

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

7,037.0
1,093.9
480.4
1,302.6
902.7
399.9
3,256.4
3,014.0
90.3
152.1
145.7
255.3

7,067.7
1,099.4
484.2
1,304.9
903.9
401.0
3,266.8
3,023.0
91.8
152.0
147.0
259.2

7,480.1
1,177.2
505.4
1,359.6
941.4
418.2
3,431.2
3,173.6
95.6
162.0
163.9
300.5

7,513.0 7,548.6 6,252.0 6,279.9 6,651.9 6,675.7
1,184.1
896.7 900.8
966.6 969.5
422.3 426.3 441.4 444.1
508.2
1,363.4
1,175.2 1,177.8 1,228.7 1,232.1
943.4
420.0
2,973.1 2,983.7 3,139.4 3,147.6
3,442.3
3,183.6
96.0
162.7
165.8
304.5

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Apr.
1988

836.2

May
1988

835.2

Mar.
1989

878.5

Apr.
1989P

880.3

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools .

82
821
822
824

1,627.3 1,564.9 1,707.5 1,714.6
404.1 405.9 409.4 409.0
1,033.5 966.7 1,063.9 1,069.4
89.6
90.2
105.3
105.0

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,603.0 1,616.0 1,705.9 1,721.9
332.3 334.9 348.4 349.5
244.0 247.9 237.7 239.9
382.7 385.9 413.5
417.1

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens .

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations .

86
861
863
864

1,719.6 1,727.3 1,740.1 1,745.3
97.5
98.2
99.4
100.3
132.6 134.3
138.3
136.2
375.4 378.0 387.5 389.9

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..
Noncommercial research organizations.
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .

89
891
892
893

1,387.1 1,373.0 1,458.1 1,456.6
710.4 717.6
737.6 742.4
133.5
132.0
143.4
143.6
490.4 542.7
513.5
536.5

51.1

4

2,963

Federal Government .
4

699.3

May
1988

699.0

Mar.
1989

732.6

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

734.0

52.3

1,120.1 1,104.7 1,168.6 1,169.8
592.9
598.9 609.8 613.4
398.6

375.9

419.8

417.2

Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

2,969

2,976

2,975

2,970

2,905.2 2,909.9 2,917.6
967.5 966.9 965.0
841.7
827.2 827.3
1,110.5 1,115.7 1,110.9
37.5
37.6
38.1
21.2
20.6
20.7

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies .
Legislative
Judicial

3731

121.7
74.1

121.6
73.9

123.8
74.4

123.5
74.4

806

44.0
421.4
247.4

43.3
424.4
247.2

37.5
430.8
248.2

38.2
430.6
247.7

806
82

4,161
4,118 4,213
4,222
446.1
445.3 447.7 446.6
1,729.0 1,673.7 1,746.2 1,747.4

4,200

1,464.6 1,469.8 1,494.0 1,502.8

806
82

10,514 10,585 10,776 10,768 10,826
486.4 491.3 492.4
484.1
616.5 619.1 638.6 640.3
6,003.4 6,023.2 6,171.3 6,134.8
3,088.8 3,132.4 3,139.0 3,160.8

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to




50.3

Apr.
1988

17,638 17,672 17,965 17,965 17,996

Government.

72

52.6

May
1989P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and differ from data previously published. See the article in this
issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Mar.
1989

48,277

48,593

49,798

50,075

50,371

39,201

39,437

40,677

40,757

41,003

6,908

6,934

7,078

7,091

7,106

94

95

96

96

97

518

525

553

554

558

6,296

6,314

6,429

6,441

6,451

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,026
120
164
117
103
319
455
860
395
320
173

3,037
121
164
118
103
320
456
860
397
321
177

3,102
124
167
121
107
329
471
865
407
337
174

3,101
124
167
122
107
328
472
861
407
337
177

3,099
124
167
122
108
327
472
856
407
337
179

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
,

3,270
500
19
353
876
165
664
302
23
284
85

3,277
499
17
353
877
166
668
305
23
284
85

3,327
512
19
349
866
169
696
316
25
292
83

3,340
511
19
351
876
169
698
317
25
292
83

3,352
509
18
353
880
169
701
319
26
293
83

41,369

41,659

42,720

42,984

43,265

Transportation and public utilities....

1,561

1,571

1,621

1,624

1,622

Wholesale trade

1,761

1,772

1,843

1,851

1,859

Retail trade

9,802

9,820

10,148

10,009

10,067

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

4,114

4,130

4,206

4,217

4,232

15,055

15,210

15,781

15,965

16,117

9,076
1,053
2,018
6,005

9,156
1,057
2,033
6,066

9,121
1,055
2,004
6,062

9,318
1,058
2,074
6,186

9,368
1,061
2,083
6,224

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and differ from data previously published. See the article in this




issue for additional information.

73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1989

Industry

Total.
Total private .
Goods-producing.
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
Construction
General building contractors .
Manufacturing ,
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products...
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

May

June

Nov.

105,091

105,561

87,756

88,199

88,418

88,578

88,736

88,991

89,299

89,574

89,897

90,124

90,291

90,472

90,541

25,179

25,265

25,323

25,303

25,313

25,384

25,460

25,513

25,626

25,629

25,646

25,664

25,631

725
412

726
411

725
410

725
408

719
404

717
400

712
396

711
394

711
393

711
394

714
397

720
401

719
399

5,100
1,367

5,139
1,378

5,150
1,372

5,153
1,372

5,163
1,374

5,162
1,363

5,191
1,375

5,213
1,380

5,267
1,404

5,270
1,398

5,252
1,380

5,275
1,376

5,261
1,373

19,354

19,400

19,448

19,425

19,431

19,505

19,557

19,589

19,648

19,648

19,680

19,669

19,651

11,399
762
529
599
769

11,431
762

11,475
762

11,462
761
529
600
776
277

11,464
763
530
600
779
277
1,436
2,098
2,072
2,044
859
756

11,509
770
531
603

11,545
775
532
605
784
277

11,565

11,605

11,594

531
602
780
278
1,438

780
532

784
532
607
786
276

778
534
608
786
276

11,604
777
535
607

11,586
772
533

1,445
2,120
2,075
2,060

1,449

1,458
2,134
2,065
2,079

1,457
2,143
2,060
869
776
390

11,599
772
536
605
788
275
1,454
2,143
2,059
2,074
876
777
391

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

105,768 105,954 106,207 106,475 106,824 107,097 107,442 107,711

278

529
600
773
278

1,426
2,067
2,066
2,054

1,432
2,077
2,072
2,053

856
743
384

855
748
385

7,955
1,632
55
732
1,095
692
1,555
1,061
161

7,969
1,633
56
731
1,093
694
1,560
162

1,091
695
1,564
1,068
162

827
145

830

836

144

144

832
144

79,912

80,296

80,445

Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation
Communication and public utilities ..

5,522
3,308
2,214

5,542
3,326
2,216

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .

6,001
3,544
2,457

783
277

1,442

607
785
276

Mar.

Apr.P

107,888 108,094 108,195

788
276

389

390

1,458
2,138
2,062
2,067
871
772
391

8,012
1,648
56
725
1,088
695

8,024

8,043

8,054

8,076

8,070

1,646
56
724
1,090
696

1,650
56

1,655
56
729
1,101
697

1,657
54

1,581

1,588

1,079
162

144

836
144

1,075
162
839
143

143

1,650
56
728
1,092
696
1,595
1,084
160
839
143

80,651

80,894

81,091

81,364

81,584

5,557
3,340
2,217

5,572
3,353
2,219

5,581
3,365
2,216

5,596
3,381
2,215

5,616
3,402
2,214

6,027
3,561
2,466

6,038
3,569
2,469

6,051
3,578
2,473

6,071
3,590
2,481

6,086
3,599
2,487

19,036
2,457
3,069
2,075
6,271

19,096
2,459
3,090
2,082
6,283

19,139
2,457
3,105
2,096
6,284

19,182
2,454
3,117
2,107
6,302

19,188
2,452
3,122
2,115
6,296

6,654
3,284
2,074
1,296

6,672
3,286
2,081
1,305

6,678
3,284
2,084
1,310

3,285
2,087
1,314

Services
Business services .
Health services

25,364
5,529
7,080

25,597
5,567
7,123

25,683
5,595
7,153

Government.
Federal
State
Local

17,335
2,962
4,059
10,314

17,362
2,956
4,062

17,350
2,958
4,071
10,321

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing .

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

1,066

10,344

2,092
2,072
2,058
862
751

1,435

2,094
2,073
2,052
859
755

389

387

386

7,973

7,963
1,629
55
723
1,085
694
1,568
1,071
162

7,967
1,627
55
726
1,085
693

1,628
55
730




7,996

867
762
387

2,126
2,067
2,063
867
767

882
770

2,071

604
784
275
1,453

2,145
2,052
2,074
878
778
391

1,600

1,600

161

1,088
161

1,090
162

8,065
1,655
53
728
1,094
696
1,602
1,091
163

843

845

843

841

144

144

143

142

81,816

82,082

82,242

82,430

82,564

5,634
3,421
2,213

5,654
3,439
2,215

5,667
3,453
2,214

5,666
3,452
2,214

5,682
3,467
2,215

5,694
3,482
2,212

6,104
3,612
2,492

6,125
3,626
2,499

6,146
3,638
2,508

6,171
3,657
2,514

6,197
3,676
2,521

6,207
3,675
2,532

6,209
3,679
2,530

19,229
2,447
3,149
2,124
6,314

19,282
2,452
3,165
2,131
6,322

19,328
2,460
3,182
2,136
6,328

19,407
2,472
3,200
2,143
6,323

19,460
2,481
3,212
2,150
6,332

19,488
2,490
3,223
2,155
6,322

19,491
2,495
3,231
2,158
6,335

19,508
2,489
3,234
2,153
6,346

6,695
3,288
2,092
1,315

6,710
3,293
2,098
1,319

6,726
3,299
2,102
1,325

6,744
3,307
2,110
1,327

6,746
3,308
2,109
1,329

6,763
3,311
2,116
1,336

6,774
3,316
2,117
1,341

6,781
3,318
2,118
1,345

6,788
3,320
2,122
1,346

25,784
5,617
7,187

25,888
5,651
7,228

25,986
5,667
7,267

26,111
5,682
7,313

26,230
5,715
7,359

26,318
5,707
7,396

26,434
5,729
7,442

26,520
5,736
7,488

26,647
5,758
7,528

26,711
5,768
7,564

17,376
2,967
4,079

17,471
2,985
4,088
10,398

17,484
2,986
4,081
10,417

17,525
2,983
4,085
10,457

17,523
2,981
4,085

17,545
2,978
4,084
10,483

17,587
2,982
4,095
10,510

17,597
2,982
4,102
10,513

17,622
2,975
4,111
10,536

17,654
2,964
4,138

10,330

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and up-

74

2,110
2,073
2,055
865
758
384

MayP

1,573

1,072
162
830

1,644
55

726
1,083
695
1,577
1,074
162

840

10,457

728

1,096
696
1,595
1,085

728

1,097
696

10,552

dated seasonal adjustment factors and differ from data previously published. See the
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1989

Industry
Mar.

Total
Total private

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

48,641 48,741 48,871 49,119 49,207 49,338 49,488 49,586 49,799 49,963 50,130 50,302 50,414

39,774 39,863 39,966 40,191 40,296 40,393 40,503 40,602 40,776 40,943 41,093 41,239 41,340
6,984

6,999

7,018

7,035

7,053

7,049

7,054

7,069

7,095

7,112

7,141

7,152

7,159

95

96

96

97

97

98

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

537

540

545

548

551

554

555

555

557

561

566

571

571

6,352

6,363

6,377

6,390

6,405

6,397

6,402

6,417

6,441

6,454

6,478

6,484

6,491

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,046
123
163
120
103
321
455
864
398
321
178

3,054
124
164
120
104
321
457
865
399
322
178

3,062
124
164
121
104
323
458
865
401
324
178

3,073
125
164
121
106
324
460
868
401
326
178

3,084
125
165
122
106
326
463
868
401
328
180

3,084
125
164
122
106
325
464
868
401
330
179

3,082
125
165
121
106
325
465
867
399
330
179

3,087
125
165
122
106
325
467
868
401
331
177

3,097
127
165
122
106
327
469
869
402
332
178

3,103
127
165
123
107
327
469
866
405
335
179

3,113
127
166
123
108
330
471
864
407
337
180

3,111
127
166
123
107
329
471
863
407
337
181

3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,306
526
18
354
874
168
667
306

3,309
527
18
353
870
168
670
308

3,315
527
18
352
871
169
672
309

3,317
526
18
352
869
169
675
311

3,321
525
18
351
867
170
678
312

3,313
520
18
349
863
170
681
313

3,320
524
18
349
863
171
682
314

3,330
531
18
349
862
171
685
315

3,344
535
18
350
867
171
688
315

3,351
532
19
350
869
171
692
316

3,365
536
18
352
871
171
697
318

3,373
537
19
352
874
171
698
319

3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

O

284
86

O

285
86

O

287
86

288
85

290

289
85

289
85

O

289
85

O
291
84

O

292
84

292
84

86
Service-producing

41,657 41,742 41,853 42,084

42,289 42,434 42,517 42,704 42,851 42,989
42,154

Transportation and public utilities ....

1,578

1,580

1,585

1,597

1,604

1,604

1,608

1,614

1,780

1,783

1,793

1,801

1,811

1,820

1,827

1,835

1,621

1,626
1,630

1,845

1,854

1,808
Retail trade

10,086 10,088 10,116 10,137
4,146

4,146

4,149

10,171 10,179 10,190 10,213 10,238 10,287

4,164

Government
Federal

State
Local

15,200 15,267 15,305 15,457
8,867
1,060
1,971
5,836

8,878
1,058
1,978
5,842

8,905
1,056
1,982
5,867

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




8,928
1,054
1,989
5,885

4,188

4,199

4,212

4,222

1,629
1,866
10,336
4,249

4,227
4,242

15,580 15,658 15,709 15,807 15,905 15,958
15,519
8,911
1,055
1,998
5,858

43,255

10,318
4,178

4,169
Services

293
84

1,862

10,149
Finance, insurance, and real estate .

85
43,150

1,598
Wholesale trade

292

8,945
1,059
2,003
5,883

8,985
1,065
2,015
5,905

8,984
1,067
2,009
5,908

9,023
1,066
2,013
5,944

9,020
1,065
2,013
5,942

9,037
1,063
2,012
5,962

16,101
16,035
9,063
1,064
2,017
5,982

9,074
1,064
2,020
5,990

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks
and updated seasonal adjustment factors and differ from data previously published.
See the article in this issue for additional information.

75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1989

Industry
May

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

June

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.p

Mayp

72,273 72,494 72,774 72,949 73,101 73,206 73,230

523

524

523

522

518

515

511

510

510

510

514

519

516

3,981

4,017

4,026

4,023

4,032

4,026

4,053

4,068

4,132

4,112

4,096

4,098

4,091

13,221 13,250 13,295 13,270 13,263 13,324 13,365 13,385 13,423 13,426 13,442 13,433 13,428
7,630
635
423
467
593
213
1,067
1,247
1,224

1,281
666

1,281
665

409
281

412
281

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products

5,611
1,160
42
634
921
523
870
594
105
642
120

5,620
1,161
42
633
919
525
873
597
105
646
119

Service-producing

Sept.

17,725 17,791 17,844 17,815 17,813 17,865 17,929 17,963 18,065 18,048 18,052 18,050 18,035

7,610
637
423
465
589
212
1,062
1,243
1,220

Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Aug.

71,027 71,408 71,593 71,723 71,825 72,021

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Tobacco manufactures

July

7,672
635
425
469
599
214
1,073

7,658
634
422
468
595
216
1,070

7,653
635
424
466
597
217
1,069

1,261

1,260

1,261

1,226
1,287
674
414

1,227
1,284
673
416

1,227
1,276
671
417

283

282

5,623
1,157
41
634
917
526
874
598
106
651
119

5,612
1,158
41
626
912
525
877
600
106
649
118

7,717
645
426
470
601
217
1,079
1,279

7,730
647
426
472
602
216
1,082

1,233

1,224

1,283
676
421

281

7,690
641
425
469
600
216
1,076
1,270
1,228
1,283
676
419
279

280

1,285
676
425
282

5,610
1,156
40
629
912
523
878
600
106
647
119

5,634
1,169
41
629
912
524
881
602
106
652
118

5,648
1,173
42
628
916
525
883
602
106
655
118

5,655
1,172
42
628
919
525
886
604
105
656
118

1,285

7,758
652
426
473
603
215

7,749
648
427
474
602
215

7,749
646

1,089
1,292
1,222
1,294
687
424

1,087

1,298
1,218
1,286
677
425

213
1,086
1,298
1,214
1,292
675
427

283

284

283

284

7,740
643
427
470
600
210
1,081
1,301
1,209
1,294
681
430
285

5,665
1,175
41
630
922
524
887
607
104
656
119

5,677
1,177
41
630
926
524
888
608
105
659
119

5,693
1,182
41
630
930
525
891
610
105
660
119

5,688
1,184
40
630
926
524
890
609
107
660
118

5,688
1,184
38
630
924
525
891
611
108
660
117

428
472
603

7,745
642
428
471
603
211
1,080
1,298
1,213
1,297
681

429

53,302 53,617 53,749 53,908 54,012 54,156 54,344 54,531 54,709 54,901 55,049 55,156 55,195

Transportation and public utilities

4,585

4,604

4,618

4,631

4,635

4,653

4,671

4,691

4,704

4,718

4,718

4,735

4,744

Wholesale trade

4,832

4,857

4,867

4,876

4,890

4,903

4,917

4,931

4,948

4,970

4,990

4,997

4,997

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

16,871 16,925 16,959 17,001 16,997 17,017 17,066 17,106 17,171 17,215 17,244 17,236 17,241
4,835

4,845

4,850




4,858

4,866

4,873

4,879

4,886

4,893

4,900

4,904

4,919

22,179 22,386 22,455 22,544 22,632 22,717 22,817 22,924 23,000 23,105 23,197 23,284 23,294

4
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

76

4,856

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks
and updated seasonal adjustment factors and differ from data previously published.
See the article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979

63.5
62 5
63.9

60.5
64.3
61.0

70.3
70.2
64.8

67.9
70.1
52.7

68.6
64.6
61.6

63.8
67.6
61.3

64.5
61.6
55.7

61.3
62.2
53.2

65.9
62.0
50.7

61.3
64.3
61.3

67.0
70.9
54.2

67.9
66 6
53.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

54.6
58.5
37 2
55.0
67.8
58.5
55.4
55.6
60 7
68.3

53.4
52.7
47.3
47.9
70.6
52.3
53.7
59.3
63.5
60.5

49.7
54.0
40.1
60.2
65.2
60.2
53.2
61.0
63.0
61.0

37.4
64.5
41.5
65.6
67.8
53.2
56.3
61.9
62.8
P58.0

40.8
57.0
49.3
66.3
63.3
58.5
55.2
58.6
61.3
P52.7

38.0
53.3
38.1
66.5
67.2
51.4
50.7
59.7
67.2

42.3
57.7
42.8
67.2
59.6
57.6
54.7
65.3
63.6

59.0
51.3
39.1
68.9
61.9
60.7
56.3
60.6
58.0

55.7
45.8
44.7
70.1
57.2
53.6
57.9
63.0
55.4

63.8
42.3
36.2
66.6
62.9
56.3
54.6
67.8
63.9

59.3
40.3
401
67.6
59.3
56.6
58.0
64.5
68 2

58.6
36.0
43 6
64 6
57.7
59.7
61.7
60.7
64 6

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979

70.2
71 9
69.5

74.5
73.8
71.8

76.4
76.9
65.8

79.2
76.9
66.2

74.8
74.9
62.0

72.1
71.1
64.0

69.3
69.2
58.9

72.1
65.8
53.3

70.5
68.3
57.6

73.5
73.5
58.6

73.6
74.8
62.2

72.5
76 2
56.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

56.6
59.5
31.2
48.4
74.9
58.3
57.7
60.7
64.8
71.6

51.4
55.6
34.8
57.0
75.5
58.3
53.0
62.0
65.6
70.1

42.0
58.9
37.7
62.6
78.2
55.6
54.4
66.6
69.5
P63.3

38.3
64.6
41.5
71.9
72.8
59.0
55.4
65.2
70.2
P59.3

35.5
63.3
40.3
72.1
73.6
55.4
53.3
65.8
71.1

37.4
60.7
40.3
74.4
68.8
57.6
51.4
65.9
71.9

42.8
57.0
34.8
72.6
67.8
56.6
52.9
67.8
71.2

50.9
52.4
38.3
77.2
65.5
58.7
58.7
71.1
64.2

65.3
43.3
35.4
77.2
64.6
58.5
57.0
71.2
65.3

66.9
40.0
35.8
74.6
62.2
56.9
59.7
72.3
70.1

68.5
34.0
34.0
71.6
61.9
59.5
62.0
70.9
73.4

64 3
30.9
46 6
73.6
61.6
59 3
62.0
65.9
74 6

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

79 1
77.8
74.6

81.8
81.4
73.9

78.7
81.2
71.2

78.4
79.8
66.8

78.1
78.7
63.2

79.7
76.2
57.9

76.2
73.6
62.9

76.2
76.9
59.5

77.5
75.6
57.7

76.6
76.8
58.6

78 1
76.1
60.9

78 4
77 8
57.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
66.5
28 5
55.2
78.7
58.7
55.6
67.3
69.9
P74.4

44.7
65.2
29.7
62.2
78.9
59.7
56.6
65.6
70.2
P66.9

41.1
62.9
33.0
67.3
80.2
58.2
52.7
64.8
71.5

37.4
64.9
38.8
71.1
77.1
57.6
52.9
66.8
73.9

37.1
61.3
37.2
76.4
74.4
58.6
53.4
67.6
73.9

37.5
58.0
36.8
78.2
72.6
57.6
56.0
69.5
69.1

44.4
50.3
34.5
79.4
70.1
57.6
55.6
71.3
70.2

51.9
43.0
33.8
79.5
68.6
56.2
57.0
73.5
74.6

61.2
39.0
34.8
78.2
64.9
59.5
62.3
73.2
73.5

70.9
32.2
38.1
77.2
63.9
59.7
61.6
71.5
73.9

68.9
32.5
39.1
78.1
61.6
58.3
62.9
71.8
74.5

66 2
28.7
43 1
111
62.6
55 6
63.2
72 2
75.8

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979

79.2
81.9
75.9

80.1
82.2
75.4

81.8
81.8
74.8

81.9
81.9
72.1

84.8
83.0
68.2

84.7
82.8
66.0

84.5
83.4
66.0

83.4
81.4
63.6

83.7
81.7
59.7

83.0
75.8
57.6

82.5
78.1
52.0

82.1
75 5
48.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

47.0
71.2
32.4
57.0
81.7
59.5
54.4
66.6
76.2

46.4
68.3
31.1
61.9
79.5
59.2
54.6
68.2
76.1

46.8
68.1
29.7
66.5
78.7
59.2
53.9
68.2
74.8

45.3
61.3
30.4
72.8
77.1
56.9
55.6
71.8
74.6

43.7
53.4
30.4
75.8
76.2
56.6
55.2
71.9
75.8

43.8
48.0
31.4
77.2
74.1
58.5
56.3
72.5
74.9

43.6
42.3
35.0
76.8
73.1
55.9
57.2
72.2
78.1

42.8
38.8
35.1
80.7
70.2
55.9
59.3
74.1
75.5

44.3
36.4
38.8
80.4
69.1
56.7
60.0
75.4
75.5

50.6
33.1
43.4
81.4
65.2
55.6
62.0
72.5
P 74.6

57.2
34.1
46.7
83.0
63.8
55.2
61.3
73.8
P 74.8

62.2
32.2
51.4
81.9
61 5
53 7
63 6
76 9

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted-Continued
(Percent)
Manufacturing payrolls, 143 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979

66.0
63.1
60.3

59.9
64.5
55.0

68.4
63.8
58.9

70.9
65.6
50.4

67.0
61.0
55.7

59.6
62.4
61.7

60.3
56.0
50.0

54.3
58.5
45.0

62.1
57.1
41.1

57.4
62.8
57.4

63.1
66.3
46.8

70.2
69.1
47.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
53.2
27.0
53.2
61.7
46.5
48.9
44.3
58.5
62.4

46.1
45.0
39.4
48.6
70.6
40.4
45.0
53.9
56.0
53.5

47.5
55.0
28.0
55.3
64.5
44.0
43.6
54.3
55.0
53.2

28.4
63.1
31.9
67.0
63.8
37.6
43.6
55.7
59.9
P48.9

24.8
61.3
36.2
67.4
54.6
41.5
46.5
55.3
58.5
P45.0

27.0
56.7
26.6
59.9
61.0
39.4
43.3
54.3
61.7

28.7
56.0
34.4
68.8
56.0
47.9
38.7
62.8
59.6

58.2
42.2
28.4
64.9
52.8
48.6
51.1
59.9
51.1

55.0
39.4
35.5
68.1
42.9
37.9
48.6
63.8
49.3

63.1
30.5
26.6
70.9
52.8
44.3
45.0
59.9
62.8

61.7
29 4
26.2
62.4
44.7
44.0
50.7
65.6
64.9

53.9
23 4
39.4
62.1
48.6
50.7
52.8
56.4
58.5

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979

70.6
77.0
64.9

77.0
72.3
62.8

78.7
72.3
59.6

78.7
69.9
59.9

72.0
69.1
58.5

66.7
62.8
59.2

62.4
61.3
50.0

64.9
58.2
36.5

62.4
62.4
44.0

67.7
67.0
43.6

69 1
70.9
52.5

76 2
73 4
42.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

44.7
51.8
17.0
46.1
71.6
43.6
45.0
52.1
63.1
67.4

40.4
50.4
19.1
53.9
71.6
37.9
40.8
51.4
61.0
63.8

28.4
56.4
21.3
61.7
75.2
32.6
38.3
59.6
62.4
P 54.6

20.2
64.5
22.0
71.3
65.6
33.0
38.7
61.3
64.9
P47.5

18.4
66.7
22.0
70.9
65.2
31.2
39.4
58.5
67.4

19.5
64.9
22.3
73.8
58.9
37.6
37.2
62.8
67.0

27.7
55.0
18.1
70.6
57.1
40.8
37.2
67.0
64.5

39.7
42.6
18.8
76.2
50.7
37.9
44.0
71.6
58.2

64.2
28.0
20.6
77.0
47.5
38.3
46.5
68.4
62.1

67.7
25.5
18.4
74.1
42.9
36.5
47.5
70.6
66.7

67.4
17.7
17.7
72.0
45.7
42 9
52.5
67.7
71.3

61 3
17.4
33.3
67 4
44.7
46 8
49.3
64.5
70 9

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

81.6
77.7
68.4

81.9
79.8
66.3

79.1
78.0
62.1

77.3
72.3
58.2

75.2
73.0
52.1

74.8
68.8
43.6

67.7
63.5
48.2

68.4
68.1
41.5

70.9
69.9
39.7

75.2
71.3
40.1

80.5
67.0
42.6

77.7
69.9
42 9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

33.0
65.2
10.3
46.8
75.2
35.5
37.6
57.4
66.3
P68.8

27.0
62.8
10.6
59.6
72.3
34.8
38.7
56.7
66.3
P 57.8

23.4
62.8
13.5
64.9
72.7
29.4
35.5
55.3
67.7

16.7
68.1
20.6
67.0
70.2
31.9
33.3
62.4
69.5

17.4
61.7
15.6
75.5
62.1
33.3
34.0
64.9
66.7

19.1
55.3
15.2
76.2
58.2
33.0
38.3
67.0
64.2

26.2
40.1
12.4
78.7
54.6
31.9
37.9
67.4
66.0

39.7
29.1
12.1
77.3
52.5
32.6
41.1
70.6
70.9

52.8
22.3
14.5
76.2
48.6
38.3
45.4
71.3
68.8

70.6
17.0
18.1
73.8
44.7
40.1
49.6
69.5
69.9

67.4
18.4
21.3
75.9
39.4
38.3
50.4
69.5
71.6

65 2
12.4
27.3
74 8
41.8
37 6
51.1
68 1
74.1

Over 12-month span

64.2

75.9
76.2
62.4

76.6
77.0
57.4

81.2
77.0
51.8

82.6
77.0
48.6

84.0
75.2
48.9

81.9
70.6
47.5

83.3
70.9
42.2

80.5
65.6
36.5

78.0
69.1
29.1

77 3
64.9
24 8

22.3
69.1
12.4
50.0
72.3
30.9
30.1
58.5
70.2

23.8
69.1
9.2
56.0
68.1
30.1
34.8
58.5
70.9

25.2
52.8
11.3
66.0
66.0
28.4
34.8
63.5
71.6

23.0
40.4
8.2
71.6
62.4
27.7
36.2
66.3
72.0

22.3
35.1
9.9
75.5
61.0
28.4
39.0
67.4
69.9

21.3
27.7
13.5
76.2
57.8
29.1
38.3
71.6
70.9

22.7
21.6
14.2
78.4
54.6
29.8
39.7
72.7
69.1

23.8
17.7
15.2
78.0
50.4
32.6
42.9
71.6
71.6

30.5
15.2
21.6
78.7
44.0
30.9
46.1
69.1
P69.9

45.7
13.8
25.5
80.1
40.1
32.6
48.6
68.4
P69.5

59.6
12.4
33.7
76 2
33 7
29.8
50.0
72.3

1977
1978
1979

77.0
75.2
67 0

111

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

20.6
72.0
12.1
43 3
77 0
31.6
30.9
55.3
73.8

nn

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus onehalf of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

78




balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data in this
table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and updated seasonal ad- {
justment factors. Seasonally adjusted data beginning January 1984 and unadjusted data
beginning April 1987 differ from data previously published. See the article in this issue
for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Apr.
1989p

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

1,542.2
398.4
126.8
164.4
128.8
60.7

1,559.5
405.4
132.2
166.5
130.6
62.5

1,566.1
407.0
133.1
166.5
130.4
62.9

11.1
5.2
.1
.7
.1
2.6

11.3
5.0
.1
.7
.1
2.7

11.3
5.0
.1
.7
.1
2.7

77.0
24.0
5.5
10.1
8.4
3.0

73.2
24.2
5.6
10.1
8.0
2.8

74.2
24.6
5.8
10.2
8.0
2.9

207.3

206.9

213.1

9.4

10.1

10.2

7.8

6.5

7.2

1,422.6
938.1
250.0

1,441.0
947.0
252.3

1,444.2
948.6
252.7

11.8
.7
1.8

12.1
.8
2.0

12.0
.8
2.0

92.8
63.8
17.0

89.4
61.2
16.0

89.1
60.5
16.3

858.8
50.7
77.9
234.6
33.1

875.2
51.8
75.7
240.6
33.3

882.9
51.9
76.5
241.5
33.6

4.1

4.2

32.9
1.8
2.7
9.9
1.6

30.4
1.6
2.5
9.6
1.5

32.3
1.7
2.5
10.0
1.7

11,991.6
1,126.4
162.3
206.5
4,095.1
106.1
834.7
211.3
625.8
564.0
903.5
936.3
813.3
145.2
127.5
144.0
127.2

12,316.1
1,148.2
160.5
209.7
4,182.2
111.5
860.8
218.6
640.7
587.6
942.0
950.8
824.0
148.4
127.6
147.0
131.6

12,348.9
1,150.1
161.4
211.2
4,177.9
112.5
865.6
219.6
641.1
592.2
946.6
951.9
822.8
148.5
128.6
146.8
133.1

42.5
1.3
14.4
.7
9.8

40.9
1.3
13.9
.5
9.4

41.7
1.3
14.2
.5
9.6

3.2
2.8
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6

3.3
2.8
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.6
.1
.6

3.3
2.9
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6

586.7
65.5
9.7
12.0
146.0
7.0
49.1
13.4
51.4
32.1
54.8
34.3
33.0
6.4
8.4
8.3
9.1

612.1
66.4
9.0
11.4
152.0
7.5
49.1
13.6
54.4
32.4
60.0
35.3
32.7
6.7
7.6
8.1
9.7

622.6
67.0
8.9
11.9
152.7
7.9
50.6
14.0
54.8
34.0
60.9
35.6
32.8
6.8
8.2
8.3
10.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont...
Denver

1,422.8
107.8
801.7

1,434.3
107.9
796.2

1,438.1
108.4
801.3

20.8
.3
13.1

19.8
.3
11.9

20.0
.3

58.6
3.5
33.3

52.6
3.2
27.6

54.6
3.3
28.6

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury

1,671.0
202.7
483.8
65.9
257.7
124.7
86.6

1,680.6
202.0
487.6
65.7
261.5
125.3
88.6

1,693.6
203.4
489.7
66.1
263.3
126.0
88.5

1.6

1.4
.4

80.0
9.1
20.2
4.8
13.2
5.3
4.6

69.4
8.4
20.0
3.8
13.5
5.1
4.8

75.0
9.0
20.9
4.4
14.2
5.5
5.0

326.8
281.8

336.0
287.9

340.5
291.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

21.2
18.2

20.4
17.1

21.9
18.7

District of Columbia .
Washington MSA

670.9
2,143.1

680.9
2,212.5

684.7
2,224.7

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

13.7
137.7

13.2
142.6

13.3
147.0

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

5,058.1
117.7
483.6
116.1
405.6
150.8
852.7
500.7
125.0
110.1
113.5
832.8
341.2

5,278.3
122.2
501.2
126.2
418.9
158.1
871.2
516.4
125.8
115.1
117.3
860.4
370.0

5,275.5
121.8
497.3
125.2
419.7
158.5
873.9
517.8
126.2
114.8
117.3
861.0
367.1

9.4

343.5
8.3
36.3
12.5
26.6
9.1
40.0
36.6
8.4
10.0
5.6
57.9
29.1

347.2
8.4
36.1
14.3
27.5
9.3
39.0
37.3
8.
10.6
5.7
56.7
31.1

346.5
8.3
36.5
14.1
27.4
9.3
39.0
37.2
8.2
10.4
5.6
56.6
30.9

Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..
Alaska.
Arizona ...
Phoenix
Tucson..
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Apr.
1988

Apr
1989°

Mar.
1989

4.2
1

Apr.
1988

O

)
1.0
.4

Apr.
1989p

Mar.

11.8

Delaware
Wilmington .

See footnotes at end of table.

80




1.5

0
O

9.0

9.5
)

)
.3

.3

.3
)

)

.6

.6
.9
)

)
1.0

1.0
)

.4

.3

)
0)

o

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1988
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

376.5
56.7
32.0
25.3
19.0
10.1

Mar.
1989
382.7
58.0
33.3
24.8
18.8
10.1

Apr.
1989?
385.6
58.8
33.5
24.8
18.7
10.3

Apr.
1988
78.6
31.7
2.9
10.1
5.0
2.0

Mar.
1989
79.7
31.9
2.9
10.4
5.1
2.0

Apr.
1989?
79.3
31.9
2.9
10.2
5.1
2.0

Apr.
1988
334.6
97.1
24.0
43.5
29.0
12.4

Mar.
1989
341.9
100.0
25.0
44.2
29.5
12.7

Apr.
1989P
342.8
100.4
25.2
44.3
29.5
12.8

12.9

12.0

12.8

16.3

16.5

18.6

40.6

40.2

41.5

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

189.4
138.0
30.9

189.8
138.8
29.4

190.1
138.9
29.5

73.5
50.2
9.2

72.5
50.3
9.0

72.5
50.5
9.1

347.3
235.7
56.7

358.7
243.0
57.9

360.2
243.7
58.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

225.7
12.7
27.6
33.2
6.5

233.7
13.0
25.9
35.3
6.6

234.4
13.0
26.3
35.3
6.6

51.4
4.7
4.0
16.6
2.5

51.1
4.7
4.3
17.5
2.6

51.2
4.7
4.2
17.5
2.6

192.7
11.5
15.8
56.2
7.1

194.0
11.8
15.1
56.9
7.1

197.1
12.0
15.4
57.1
7.2

2,135.7
255.8
10.6
21.4
905.4
21.7
108.2
30.1
82.0
40.8
126.5
80.0
269.7
21.9
19.5
22.8
11.5

2,160.8
257.2
10.6
21.7
905.8
24.0
109.5
30.4
81.4
41.4
130.7
81.4
274.5
21.9
19.8
23.1
12.1

2,160.6
257.6
10.5
22.1
902.8
24.4
109.1
30.2
81.6
42.4
131.0
80.9
273.8
21.9
19.7
22.8
12.0

581.1
33.9
7.0
11.3
203.3
4.4
54.7
10.9
30.2
24.3
35.1
76.4
21.4
5.0
5.8
8.6
4.4

587.9
34.1
7.3
11.4
204.5
4.7
57.1
11.7
30.4
25.7
35.7
76.6
21.6
5.0
5.8
9.0
4.6

589.8
34.2
7.3
11.4
204.5
4.7
57.8
11.7
30.6
25.7
35.7
76.6
21.5
5.0
5.8
9.1
4.5

2,818.8
275.6
38.7
53.0
942.3
27.7
202.2
51.8
156.1
135.0
217.9
207.4
159.2
34.2
32.3
33.1
30.8

2,901.7
285.1
37.6
52.3
964.2
28.6
210.5
54.1
156.9
139.2
226.6
210.8
160.2
35.2
32.8
34.2
32.0

2,906.4
286.1
38.1
52.8
960.7
28.7
211.1
54.4
157.0
139.6
228.2
211.0
159.6
35.2
32.9
34.2
32.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

186.7
29.4
93.8

189.3
28.9
95.1

189.3
28.9
95.3

91.4
2.3
67.5

90.3
2.3
65.6

90.4
2.3
65.6

345.8
22.6
194.6

351.2
22.6
196.5

352.8
22.8
197.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

378.1
57.6
91.0
19.6
47.6
22.7
24.0

373.8
56.6
89.5
19.3
47.4
22.4
24.4

371.8
56.4
89.3
19.0
47.3
22.3
24.2

72.6
8.1
18.5
3.1
17.8
5.5
3.2

72.5
8.3
19.1
3.2
18.0
5.5
3.1

72.7
8.3
19.0
3.2
18.2
5.5
3.1

372.8
46.5
102.2
13.4
59.4
29.3
16.8

381.9
46.2
104.2
13.8
60.4
29.4
17.3

385.6
46.4
104.6
13.8
60.8
29.3
17.0

Delaware
Wilmington

69.6
59.3

71.8
61.5

72.0
61.7

14.0
14.9

14.0
15.1

14.1
15.2

70.7
59.2

72.4
59.9

73.6
60.4

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

16.5
87.5

16.1
86.8

16.1
86.6

25.1
102.8

25.3
111.0

25.6
111.4

64.6
424.1

64.9
432.5

66.2
434.6

541.0
12.0
46.0
5.7
38.0
29.1
93.2
57.5
11.1
8.4
4.8
95.5
35.2

547.2
12.1
46.9
6.4
39.3
30.3
93.2
56.8
11.3
8.8
5.0
97.3
34.6

545.4
12.0
46.9
6.4
39.2
30.4
93.0
56.8
11.2
8.8
4.9
97.0
34.1

260.0
3.6
23.1
5.1
27.4
5.6
70.4
25.4
6.5
3.4
2.8
38.9
12.5

254.0
3.7
23.4
5.2
27.5
6.1
63.0
26.1
6.6
3.4
2.8
38.9
12.8

255.3
3.7
23.4
5.2
27.6
6.1
64.3
26.1
6.6
3.4
2.8
39.0
12.8

1,377.8
35.6
145.3
34.7
111.4
35.6
231.4
129.2
31.8
32.6
23.9
229.0
91.8

1,450.3
37.1
152.0
37.6
115.6
36.8
239.3
134.7
31.5
34.6
24.7
239.9
103.3

1,447.3
37.3
149.8
37.0
115.5
36.8
239.3
134.6
31.9
34.4
24.7
240.0
101.8

Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

69.7
28.3
3.6
8.0
7.5
2.1

71.1
27.8
3.8
8.0
7.7
2.1

71.0
27.8
3.8
7.9
7.6
2.1

285.6
93.6
29.2
38.3
27.4
8.9

285.9
95.8
31.0
39.2
28.6
9.2

287.7
96.0
31.1
39.4
28.7
9.3

309.1
61.8
29.5
28.4
32.4
19.6

313.7
62.7
30.5
29.1
32.8
20.9

314.2
62.5
30.7
29.0
32.7
20.8

Alaska

10.7

10.6

10.6

42.0

42.2

42.8

67.6

68.8

69.4

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

94.5
75.1
12.4

92.1
73.4
11.7

92.5
73.7
11.8

365.6
247.4
68.4

371.2
250.0
70.2

372.5
250.8
70.1

247.7
127.2
53.6

255.2
129.5
56.1

255.3
129.7
55.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.6
1.5
2.7
15.8
1.4

37.7
1.5
2.6
15.8
1.4

38.0
1.5
2.6
15.8
1.4

162.5
7.8
16.1
55.7
6.4

168.7
8.1
16.3
57.5
6.5

170.2
8.1
16.4
58.0
6.6

151.8
10.7
8.0
46.8
7.6

155.5
11.1
8.1
47.6
7.6

155.5
10.9
8.2
47.4
7.5

809.2
92.7
6.4
12.1
284.4
4.4
55.5
11.1
27.2
34.9
63.4
111.0
32.4
8.6
8.4
8.8
4.6

820.5
91.2
6.5
11.9
287.4
4.3
55.7
11.3
28.4
36.6
64.8
110.5
32.5
8.7
8.4
8.5
4.6

821.4
90.9
6.5
12.0
287.8
4.2
56.2
11.2
28.4
37.1
64.9
110.2
32.5
8.7
8.4
8.5
4.6

3,061.0
281.0
34.2
47.9
1,093.7
22.5
199.2
50.5
150.3
123.2
240.4
289.4
210.4
39.7
29.2
30.4
28.3

3,165.5
289.5
33.3
51.4
1,130.2
23.4
207.5
53.1
154.9
131.5
252.6
296.5
214.8
40.8
28.6
31.4
29.3

3,176.0
289.0
33.5
51.2
1,129.9
23.4
209.1
53.6
154.8
132.3
254.3
297.8
214.6
40.9
28.9
31.2
30.2

1,956.6
120.6
41.3
48.1
510.2
18.4
162.6
40.7
127.3
173.0
164.6
136.9
87.1
27.9
23.2
31.9
37.9

2,026.7
123.4
42.3
49.1
528.7
19.0
168.1
41.6
133.0
180.2
170.8
138.8
87.6
28.6
24.0
32.6
38.7

2,030.4
124.0
42.4
49.3
529.9
19.2
168.4
41.6
132.6
180.5
170.8
138.9
87.9
28.5
24.0
32.6
38.5

95.6
4.0
63.3

93.7
4.0
61.8

93.4
4.0
61.7

352.8
22.8
208.2

360.6
23.3
208.0

360.5
23.3
211.1

271.1
22.9
127.9

276.8
23.3
129.7

277.1
23.5
129.8

152.9
12.8
76.1
4.2
16.0
13.6
4.4

154.2
13.2
75.8
4.5
16.7
14.3
4.6

154.5
13.3
76.0
4.5
16.8
14.4
4.6

404.3
48.3
112.9
13.8
70.6
37.0
20.8

413.6
49.3
115.1
14.3
72.6
37.3
21.5

419.0
50.0
116.0
14.4
73.2
37.8
21.7

208.7
20.3
62.6
7.0
32.7
10.8
12.8

213.8
20.0
63.6
6.8
32.5
10.8
12.9

213.5
20.0
63.5
6.8
32.4
10.8
12.9

28.4
25.2

32.0
27.8

32.3
27.9

74.9
66.7

77.1
67.6

78.3
68.6

47.9
38.1

48.2
38.7

48.2
38.5

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

34.9
125.9

34.5
129.1

34.8
130.1

243.3
695.3

252.0
726.0

254.1
731.4

272.8
568.8

274.7
583.4

274.5
582.6

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

363.8
6.3
39.8
7.9
38.3
5.5
70.6
33.1
5.6
8.4
4.9
65.3
28.5

371.5
6.3
39.8
8.7
39.4
5.7
72.1
33.5
5.6
8.6
5.0
66.2
29.0

372.2
6.3
39.7
8.6
39.3
5.7
72.2
33.7
5.6
8.6
5.0
65.9
28.6

1,391.1
32.8
132.4
32.8
103.7
44.7
234.8
161.2
31.8
33.4
23.6
240.6
101.4

1,483.7
34.4
138.6
36.0
108.0
47.9
244.0
167.9
32.3
35.0
24.0
252.2
112.3

1,483.2
34.0
136.2
35.7
108.8
48.2
245.3
169.3
32.4
34.9
24.0
252.7
112.0

771.9
19.1
60.4
17.3
59.6
21.1
111.4
57.6
29.4
13.8
47.6
104.9
42.6

814.9
20.2
64.1
17.9
61.0
21.9
119.6
60.0
30.0
14.1
49.8
108.5
46.8

816.2
20.2
64.5
18.1
61.3
21.9
119.8
60.0
30.0
14.3
50.0
109.0
46.8

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

82




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

2,851.7
64.9
1,408.3
160.2
94.2
119.7
104.2

2,925.8
66.2
1,427.3
159.0
94.6
122.6
105.2

2,929.0
66.1
1,428.4
159.0
95.1
123.0
105.7

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1988
8.9
.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1

8.9
.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1

Apr.
1988

8.9
.1
1.5
.5
.1
.1

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

138.2
2.3
65.7
10.3
4.8
4.9
6.1

139.8
2.3
66.2
10.3
4.8
4.9
6.2

(1)

(1)

(1)

149.3
2.4
69.9
10.1
5.1
5.0
6.3

1

1

(1)
(1)

22.4
17.8

25.6
19.5

26.0
19.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

475.1
376.7

491.0
387.1

490.4
386.7

Idaho
Boise City

341.0
90.6

350.0
95.1

354.6
96.1

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,048.4
141.3
59.7
88.6
3,084.9
155.9
51.6
98.1
33.6
195.0
138.7
130.3
99.4

5,115.2
144.9
61.6
90.2
3,123.0
156.6
52.8
98.8
33.7
201.6
141.2
130.0
100.1

5,142.8
146.3
62.2
90.1
3,138.2
157.5
52.7
99.5
33.7
202.9
142.3
130.3
100.3

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,380.3
49.0
53.8
102.1
127.8
189.2
227.7
618.8
65.6
52.4
114.7
54.7

2,419.1
49.3
56.3
104.6
129.7
194.5
233.3
634.2
66.5
52.9
117.0
54.4

2,457.4
50.2
57.5
106.0
132.1
195.2
237.2
643.5
67.3
53.7
118.6
55.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,153.4
88.5
212.6
41.8
51.3
63.7

1,174.2
90.2
217.8
42.1
51.9
65.3

1,190.9
90.9
219.1
42.7
52.7
66.3

O
01
(1)
()

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,030.3
89.6
233.2

1,046.6
90.4
239.3

1,058.8
92.2
240.9

10.8
(1)
2.1

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,364.8
192.4
448.4
33.5

1,380.3
194.6
452.1
34.0

1,387.1
196.7
455.6
34.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,499.1
45.4
220.8
53.7
84.8
54.7
515.5
130.9

1,508.4
45.2
222.1
53.9
85.1
54.1
518.4
128.3

1,513.4
45.1
223.4
54.0
86.1
54.1
519.0
128.1

510.1
40.5
126.6

515.6
40.5
129.2

518.0
40.7
131.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Apr.
1989?

()

()
(1)

0

3.6

3.1

3.6

(2)

(2)

(2)

12.9
4.6

12.1
4.4

13.5
4.7

20.9
(1)
1
()

19.9
(1)
1
()

0

n 2.1

20.2
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.1
(1)
1
()
(1)

195.9
6.6
1.6
2.5
125.3
4.5
2.5
5.4
1.3
8.7
5.6
4.2
2.7

192.6
7.1
1.7
2.5
123.1
4.4
2.6
5.7
1.2
9.4
5.6
3.9
2.8

202.0
7.6
1.8
2.5
128.9
4.7
2.7
5.7
1.3
10.2
6.1
4.2
2.9

104.0
1.3
2.1
2.8
7.1
9.0
11.9
31.1
2.9
2.0
5.2
1.9

102.6
1.4
2.5
2.8
6.6
9.1
12.6
31.6
3.2
1.9
5.9
1.8

113.0
1.5
2.9
2.9
7.3
9.5
13.8
34.0
3.3
2.0
6.5
2.1

2.2
.1

35.6
3.1
6.9
1.1
1.8
1.8

31.4
2.7
5.8
1.0
1.4
1.8

36.6
2.9
6.5
1.0
1.6
2.3

9.9

2.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

O
(11)
()
01
(1)
(1)
()
8.3
(2)
(2)
(2)

01
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
7.9

(2)
(2)
(2)
2.1

(2)
(2)

1.9
(2)
(2)

.8

1.9
(2)
(2)

.9
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

8.1
(2)
(2)
(2)

.4

.9
(2)
(2)
(2)

.3

2.2
.1

.3

1.9
.1
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

01
()
9.8
1.9

1.9

41.3
3.2
9.4

37.8
2.8
8.7

40.7
2.9
9.6

36.7
.3
.8
.7

34.0
.2
1.0
.5

34.1
.2
1.1
.5

61.5
11.4
21.3
2.1

59.9
11.1
20.2
1.8

61.9
11.6
20.6
1.9

56.4
.2
1.0
5.8
11.3
.4
15.3
3.2

56.8
.2
1.0
6.0
11.2
.5
15.3
3.0

57.2
.2
1.0
6.0
11.2
.4
15.3
3.0

84.0
2.2
24.4
1.8
3.3
2.3
22.0
6.3

87.2
1.9
23.8
1.8
3.6
2.1
22.7
6.3

89.7
1.9
24.5
1.9
3.8
2.2
23.2
6.4

.2

31.4
2.2
8.8

30.3
2.1
8.3

31.8
2.2
8.7

(1)

.2
(1)
(1)

(1)

.2
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing)

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

574.8
14.9
187.0
35.8
20.3
18.5
17.6

563.7
15.1
174.7
36.1
20.7
18.5
17.5

562.5
14.9
174.0
36.2
20.9
18.7
17.5

179.4
1.7
118.6
5.1
3.5
5.2
9.3

180.3
1.8
115.6
4.4
3.6
5.3
9.8

180.4
1.9
115.6
4.4
3.6
5.3
9.9

724.0
14.0
394.6
35.5
20.6
27.9
25.6

766.2
14.5
408.0
35.1
20.5
28.1
26.1

767.3
14.5
408.8
35.1
20.6
28.0
26.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

22.1
16.6

21.8
16.1

21.9
16.4

37.6
30.7

39.3
32.3

39.4
32.3

126.8
98.8

129.0
100.7

128.4
100.2

Idaho
Boise City

55.4
12.4

57.8
13.9

57.9
14.1

18.2
5.2

18.3
5.3

18.5
5.4

85.0
22.8

86.7
24.1

87.8
24.2

970.3
38.0
5.6
8.4
562.4
32.5
13.6
19.0
5.2
43.7
32.8
45.3
3.9

979.0
38.6
7.4
8.8
565.7
32.6
13.8
19.2
5.5
44.1
34.6
45.6
3.8

979.9
38.4
7.8
8.9
565.1
32.9
13.8
19.4
5.4
44.2
35.1
45.7
3.7

298.6
3.0
2.7
2.3
187.1
8.1
5.1
8.3
1.3
6.9
6.9
5.0
4.8

299.7
2.9
2.7
2.3
188.0
7.9
5.2
8.3
1.3
7.1
7.0
5.0
4.9

303.1
2.9
2.7
2.3
189.0
8.0
5.2
8.3
1.3
7.1
7.1
5.0
4.9

1,236.2
37.9
13.2
20.1
767.9
42.8
11.4
22.7
8.4
53.5
33.5
28.7
22.4

1,275.7
39.0
13.2
20.4
774.6
43.0
11.7
22.7
8.3
57.2
33.8
28.6
22.0

1,282.0
39.6
13.2
20.2
777.6
43.1
11.7
22.9
8.5
57.6
33 8
28.6
22.3

629.5
17.3
9.4
55.9
30.7
51.7
56.5
106.6
12.2
10.9
24.1
10.1

634.4
17.0
10.4
57.2
31.2
53.3
56.6
106.3
12.5
11.0
23.2
9.9

637.9
17.1
10.4
58.0
31.4
53.5
57.3
106.7
12.5
11.2
23.3
10.1

122.0
1.4
1.7
2.8
6.5
12.5
15.5
38.8
1.9
2.4
5.2
2.9

126.0
1.4
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.8
15.6
39.4
1.9
2.4
5.3
3.0

127.8
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.4
15.6
40.4
1.9
2.4
5.4
3.1

563.1
11.2
12.1
18.4
33.3
46.8
53.7
159.3
13.0
12.7
29.3
14.6

570.4
11.3
12.1
18.7
33.9
48.0
55.6
162 3
13.2
12.9
30.2
14.6

579.9
11.6
12.6
19.1
34.5
48.0
56.8
165 5
13.2
13.1
30.5
15.0

225.5
23.1
25.7
12.0
9.8
14.5

231.7
23.7
26.0
12.1
10.5
15.4

233.2
23.6
26.2
12.3
10.5
15.3

53.5
5.3
12.4
1.7
3.1
1.7

54.7
5.5
12.5
1.7
3.3
1.8

55.2
5.5
12.4
1.8
3.4
1.8

292.0
21.2
54.7
9.6
13.3
15.0

298.2
21.3
56.4
9.8
13.3
15.4

303 2
21.7
56 8
9.8
136
15.6

181.0
9.3
60.8

183.8
9.2
63.5

184.6
9.3
63.8

64.3
6.7
10.9

65.0
6.6
11.4

65.3
6.7
11.4

255.5
21.3
53.9

257.4
21.6
53.9

258.8
22 0
54 0

Kentucky
Lexinaton Favette
Louisville
Owensboro

270.1
31.2
87.3
5.5

278.4
34.2
86.4
6.2

280.7
34.3
87.2
6.2

72.2
8.1
28.1
2.1

74.4
8.1
28.8
2.1

74.8
8.2
29.0
2.1

324.0
42.4
111.0
8.7

329.0
42.7
110.5
8.5

328 5
42.7
1102
8.7

Louisiana
Alexandria

168.7
3.1
18.9
4.5
7.0
7.5
43.3
18.2

170.4
3.3
19.4
4.3
6.9
7.5
42.7
17.4

171.0
3.4
19.4
4.4
6.9
7.6
43.1
17.5

106.1
2.1
10.5
6.1
5.9
2.9
43.8
7.9

107.9
2.1
10.5
6.0
6.0
2.9
44.6
8.1

108.0
2.1
10.5
6.0
6.2
2.8
44.5
8.1

357.4
10.8
51.6
13.8
22.9
14.1
133.5
31.6

359.5
10.6
53.2
13.6
23.3
13.4
134.5
31.5

361 0
10.4
53.3
13.7
23 4
134
134.4
31.5

105.4
10.6
17.2

107.5
10.0
17.5

106.2
10.0
17.5

20.5
1.4
5.5

21.0
1.4
5.0

21.4
1.4
5.1

124.2
9.7
37.1

122.6
10.2
38.5

124 1
10.2
39.0

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

.

Illinois
Bloominoton—Normal
ChamDaian-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Anderson
Bloominoton
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wavne
Gary-Hammond
IndianaDolis
i afavette—West Lafavette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Sioux Citv
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Kansas
Wichita

Houma—Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
ShreveDOrt
Maine
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

84




.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

159.6
1.9
102.0
5.8
6.5
7.4
4.5

163.3
2.0
104.4
5.6
6.5
7.8
4.5

163.5
2.0
104.4
5.5
6.6
7.9
4.5

563.2
10.0
331.5
33.4
17.3
22.7
24.8

590.2
10.4
347.0
33.0
17.5
23.5
24.8

592.5
10.4
347.9
33.1
17.6
23.7
24.9

492.6
19.7
203.2
33.9
20.9
32.8
16.1

515.0
20.0
210.5
34.0
20.8
34.3
16.4

514.3
20.1
210.1
33.9
20.9
34.3
16.6

Hawaii
Honolulu

34.6
29.1

35.5
29.8

35.7
30.0

131.0
99.0

136.6
102.0

136.3
101.8

100.6
84.7

103.2
86.7

102.7
86.1

Idaho
Boise City

19.0
7.6

19.1
7.6

19.1
7.6

71.1
20.2

75.0
21.5

76.2
21.7

76.3
17.8

77.4
18.3

78.0
18.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

369.2
8.5
10.0
3.4
268.3
8.2
2.2
3.7
1.5
7.1
7.4
5.2
7.9

367.9
8.8
10.0
3.5
269.4
8.2
2.2
3.7
1.5
7.0
7.5
5.3
8.0

369.0
8.8
10.0
3.5
270.3
8.1
2.1
3.8
1.5
7.0
7.5
5.4
8.1

1,214.6
31.2
13.1
16.3
804.7
32.8
11.4
21.9
9.1
44.4
36.1
29.5
25.3

1,236.6
32.6
13.4
16.6
827.5
33.1
11.7
22.0
9.2
44.5
36.4
29.6
25.5

1,241.1
33.1
13.4
16.7
831.8
33.2
11.6
22.1
9.1
44.6
36.6
29.5
25.6

742.7
16.0
13.5
35.6
366.9
27.0
5.4
16.8
6.8
30.3
16.4
12.4
32.3

743.8
15.9
13.2
36.1
372.6
27.4
5.6
17.2
6.7
32.3
16.3
12.0
33.1

745.5
15.9
13.3
36.0
373.4
27.5
5.6
17.3
6.6
32.2
16.1
11.9
32.8

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

118.1
1.6
1.9
2.6
5.2
12.3
8.2
47.5
3.0
1.6
6.0
2.0

120.7
1.6
2.1
2.7
5.3
12.6
8.3
48.2
3.2
1.7
6.2
2.0

122.5
1.7
2.1
2.7
5.3
12.7
8.4
48.9
3.3
1.7
6.2
2.0

473.4
10.2
8.6
13.8
30.3
38.6
50.5
142.1
11.6
10.9
33.2
11.7

486.5
10.3
9.3
14.3
31.3
40.1
52.2
148.2
11.8
11.0
34.4
11.9

494.9
10.5
9.4
14.5
31.8
40.4
53.0
149.9
11.8
11.1
35.0
11.9

361.9
5.9
18.0
5.8
12.5
18.2
31.4
92.5
20.9
11.9
11.8
11.2

370.5
6.3
18.3
6.0
13.0
18.7
32.3
97.3
20.8
12.0
11.8
10.8

373.3
6.4
18.3
6.0
13.1
18.7
32.3
97.2
21.4
12.2
11.8
11.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

65.3
4.7
28.2
1.4
2.6
3.0

67.1
4.8
30.5
1.4
2.5
2.8

67.2
4.9
30.4
1.4
2.6
2.9

261.4
20.7
53.7
12.5
14.2
14.8

269.8
22.1
55.6
12.6
14.3
14.9

273.2
22.2
55.9
12.9
14.4
15.1

217.9
10.3
30.8
3.4
6.5
12.8

219.4
10.1
30.8
3.4
6.6
13.1

220.1
10.0
30.7
3.4
6.6
13.2

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

57.7
6.4
11.1

57.8
6.6
10.9

57.9
6.6
10.8

210.6
20.9
56.5

218.8
20.9
58.8

220.6
21.0
59.0

209.1
21.7
28.5

216.2
22.6
30.2

221.0
23.6
30.4

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

59.1
9.1
27.2
1.4

58.1
9.3
26.1
1.4

58.3
9.3
26.4
1.3

292.1
44.2
110.8
7.7

297.5
42.0
115.8
7.9

299.9
43.0
117.8
7.9

249.1
45.7
61.9
5.3

249.0
47.0
63.3
5.6

248.9
47.4
63.3
5.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

83.0
2.6
13.6
2.2
3.7
4.3
33.7
6.9

81.0
2.5
13.7
2.2
3.5
4.3
33.4
6.4

80.7
2.5
13.7
2.1
3.5
4.3
33.4
6.2

327.3
11.5
45.8
9.1
18.1
11.7
137.2
31.2

329.2
11.5
45.8
9.4
17.9
12.0
138.3
30.4

328.6
11.5
46.2
9.3
18.5
12.2
138.1
30.2

316.2
12.9
55.0
10.4
12.6
11.5
86.7
25.6

316.4
13.1
54.7
10.6
12.7
11.4
86.9
25.2

317.2
13.1
54.8
10.6
12.6
11.2
87.0
25.2

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

25.2
2.2
12.1

25.5
2.3
11.7

25.4
2.3
11.9

110.2
10.4
30.0

113.0
10.4
31.1

113.7
10.5
31.9

93.0
4.0
15.9

95.5
4.1
17.1

95.2
4.1
17.0

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,078.2
1,108.3
464.1
741.9

2,103.4
1,118.1
470.1
760.3

2,110.2
1,124.3
472.7
763.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,111.9
1,748.8
73.3
55.9
41.8
166.0
109.8
67.7
41.9
242.1
207.9

3,115.9
1,757.1
75.1
55.1
41.3
165.0
110.4
68.3
41.9
242.5
212.9

3,140.2
1,768.0
75.6
56.4
42.2
166.9
111.4
69.2
42.8
244.5
215.8

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson

3,773.5
172.1
57.1
65.0
1,872.3
161.7
324.7
52.2
107.6
210.9
56.9
152.0

3,819.1
176.1
58.8
65.9
1,911.9
166.6
334.6
54.1
109.8
209.0
56.7
154.4

3,857.0
178.5
59.1
67.2
1,927.3
167.3
337.1
54.3
111.0
213.2
57.2
156.0

1,997.5
90.1
1,304.3
58.8
70.9

2,030.2
90.0
1,328.1
61.2
72.8

2,058.0
91.5
1,344.3
61.5
74.1

891.9
180.1

906.4
183.2

912.2
184.7

6.2
.9

2,236.3
754.8
1,136.7
112.2

2,241.9
760.9
1,137.4
114.2

2,271.7
765.2
1,152.2
115.1

Montana

275.8

276.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

683.7
115.9
305.7

701.9
120.5
314.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

526.8
301.5
135.3

558.5
322.6
139.3

563.9
325.2
141.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

518.1
85.4
95.3
109.3

527.0
85.1
94.6
111.0

525.2
86.0
94.9
111.9

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,625.9
162.4
670.9
430.8
242.7
524.9
323.7
953.7
197.4
56.7

3,636.6
164.4
676.2
437.8
246.4
535.1
325.5
958.7
198.2
58.1

3,670.7
168.8
681.3
440.8
247.6
540.7
331.7
961.5
199.2
58.4

Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

86




Apr.
1988

Apr.
1989?

Mar.
1989

1.7
.3

Apr.
1988

1.7
.3

1.6
.2

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

157.5
74.6
19.1
66.9

155.7
72.8
18.8
66.3

159.2
75.4
19.4
68.0

139.6
70.2
4.0
3.0
2.5
7.5
5.6
3.3
2.5
9.6
10.2

131.5
67.4
3.8
2.8
2.4
7.3
5.2
3.2
2.2
9.8
9.8

139.8
72.3
4.2
3.5
2.7
7.6
5.9
3.8
2.6
10.6
10.7

124.3
5.7
1.6
1.4
59.0
4.7
15.5
1.3
3.3
5.4
2.1
6.4

119.6
5.0
1.7
1.3
57.2
5.0
15.9
1.4
3.2
5.4
2.2
6.3

127.6
5.3
1.8
1.5
60.6
5.0
17.2
1.6
3.5
5.7
2.4
6.6

6.9
4.8

72.1
2.7
49.7
1.8
3.2

64.3
2.5
45.2
1.6
3.1

72.7
2.8
49.8
1.9
3.4

5.9
.9

5.8
.9

34.6
8.3

34.1
8.1

34.3
8.2

5.3
.5
3.3
.1

5.0
.5
3.1
.1

5.2
.6
3.1
.1

93.3
33.5
53.8
4.6

84.5
30.9
46.5
4.3

89.2
32.2
50.3
4.4

278.7

6.0

5.9

6.2

8.0

7.0

8.2

710.5
121.6
317.5

1.6

1.4

1.7
.2

23.8
4.1
11.4

23.5
3.8
10.7

25.7
4.1
11.7

12.6
.2
1.4

33.1
20.5
7.0

40.0
26.1
7.7

41.3
26.8
8.1

.6

35.4
5.7
4.7
6.0

30.0
5.4
4.3
5.4

32.4
6.0
4.4
5.4

168.6
10.1
32.1
23.4
7.3
24.0
21.2
38.4
5.2
2.2

163.8
10.3
31.2
23.1
7.0
22.8
21.2
37.9
5.0
2.1

174.8
10.9
33.5
24.1
7.5
24.3
22.9
39.4
5.5
2.2

(1)

(1)

(1)

.6

.4

.5

1.6
.9

1.3
.9

1.3
.9

1

1

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(1)
.2

(1)

01
()
0

10.5
(1)
1
()
(1)
.8
(1)

01
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()

.8

(1)

6.5
4.6

.2
10.1
.2
1.2

0

.6
(2)
.1
.1

(1)
.1
.1

2.4
(1)

.2
.1
(1)

.7

.2
.1
(1)

.6
(1)

.7

.6
(1)

.7
(1)

.4

.1
.1

2.4

2.3

(1)

0)

12.3
.2
1.3

.1
.2

0

.8

02
(2)
()

.2

(2)

(1)

10.5

01
(1)
()

6.5
4.8

.7
(2)

.1
.1
.2

01
(1)
(1)
()
0

02
(2)
()

(1)

.2

0

(11)
()

()
(2)
(2)

0

10.5

01
(1)
()
0
0
0

1

0

.1
.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

0
01
()
(1)

.4

.7

0
.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

208.2
132.8
44.3
35.7

206.2
130.6
45.0
36.1

205.1
130.0
45.4
36.3

94.5
54.2
27.5
26.9

95.8
54.8
27.8
29.3

96.3
55.3
27.7
29.2

526.3
269.8
94.4
198.1

531.6
271.5
95.0
201.8

534.1
274.3
95.5
201.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

588.0
271.3
11.1
16.1
12.1
50.6
36.8
19.1
11.2
51.1
44.9

578.5
267.2
11.1
15.2
12.2
48.6
36.2
18.5
10.8
50.3
45.9

577.3
267.0
11.0
15.2
12.3
47.6
36.2
18.0
10.9
50.6
45.8

133.3
76.6
5.1
2.0
1.7
6.9
4.9
2.9
1.2
9.8
9.5

133.3
75.8
5.1
1.9
1.6
7.1
5.4
2.9
1.2
10.4
9.6

134.2
76.2
5.0
1.8
1.6
7.2
5.1
3.0
1.3
10.4
9.7

724.3
388.2
22.2
14.2
10.1
36.3
23.5
16.3
9.5
56.6
49.9

719.5
385.5
22.6
14.0
10.2
37.0
24.3
16.4
10.1
57.0
51.5

722.6
386.0
22.7
14.4
10.3
37.9
24.4
16.7
10.1
57.8
52.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

944.8
38.5
14.8
22.2
454.7
48.8
97.2
13.3
30.2
34.5
17.1
42.3

947.2
38.9
15.3
22.4
466.0
51.0
99.5
14.0
30.2
30.0
16.5
43.2

953.1
38.7
15.2
22.5
467.1
51.2
99.5
14.0
30.5
32.7
16.5
43.4

153.8
4.4
1.8
2.2
87.7
4.1
11.4
4.2
3.2
5.5
2.3
6.8

151.2
4.1
1.8
2.3
85.6
4.1
11.9
4.1
3.3
5.4
2.3
6.9

153.2
4.3
1.8
2.3
86.1
4.1
12.0
4.2
3.3
5.3
2.3
6.9

871.5
30.5
11.6
13.6
440.1
42.7
83.6
11.7
23.9
43.5
13.1
35.8

887.3
30.9
12.1
14.0
452.0
44.2
86.9
12.3
25.1
45.7
13.0
35.4

902.2
32.8
12.2
14.5
459.2
44.4
87.7
12.3
25.6
46.6
13.4
36.0

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

387.6
7.5
261.7
10.8
12.6

394.4
7.9
265.9
11.2
13.3

396.4
8.0
267.1
11.2
13.4

100.9
5.7
69.7
1.7
3.6

103.4
5.4
72.3
1.8
3.8

103.8
5.7
72.2
1.8
3.7

498.3
22.2
322.0
11.9
21.2

506.4
21.8
329.9
12.6
21.8

514.8
22.1
334.2
12.4
22.2

Mississippi
Jackson

237.4
20.7

241.9
20.8

242.4
21.1

43.3
13.1

44.0
13.2

44.3
13.3

188.8
42.4

191.9
42.7

194.5
43.4

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

428.7
113.0
220.6
21.3

427.8
110.2
221.8
21.3

433.7
110.3
227.1
21.2

146.1
61.1
73.6
6.8

147.5
62.5
74.4
7.0

148.1
62.6
74.1
7.0

543.5
194.4
274.5
31.6

546.6
197.2
276.3
31.8

554.3
197.0
278.9
32.2

Montana

20.1

20.8

20.6

19.0

19.1

19.2

71.9

71.4

72.5

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

92.6
14.1
34.2

97.5
15.3
35.1

97.6
15.3
35.0

44.0
6.1
23.4

46.7
6.4
25.5

47.3
6.6
25.8

176.2
26.7
77.1

180.5
27.2
79.0

183.0
27.3
79.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

24.7
9.4
8.6

25.9
10.0
8.8

26.0
10.1
8.9

28.4
16.1
9.2

30.0
17.0
9.6

30.3
17.2
9.6

107.3
63.9
30.4

112.1
66.0
32.3

113.4
66.9
32.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

118.3
12.1
36.4
20.7

118.6
11.6
36.2
20.9

117.3
11.5
36.0
20.7

17.7
5.3
2.5
2.9

17.6
5.5
2.6
3.0

17.8
5.4
2.6
3.1

131.0
23.8
22.4
27.4

134.7
23.6
21.7
28.5

135.4
23.8
21.4
28.9

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

664.9
8.8
158.1
72.3
44.7
114.4
29.2
175.7
31.1
14.7

660.1
8.5
156.4
73.0
45.1
115.7
29.8
173.2
30.9
14.8

659.2
8.5
156.1
72.7
44.5
116.2
29.7
172.3
30.9
15.1

242.4
6.5
28.4
19.3
33.0
42.9
17.6
79.8
6.6
2.2

241.1
6.6
28.0
20.1
33.7
44.5
18.3
79.0
6.6
2.2

242.8
6.7
28.1
20.5
33.7
44.6
18.6
79.1
6.6
2.2

858.9
34.1
190.2
115.7
60.6
124.6
85.8
194.9
31.4
11.7

859.6
33.2
191.5
117.2
61.3
126.5
85.0
195.1
32.1
12.4

866.7
35.9
191.8
117.8
62.1
127.7
86.0
195.4
32.2
12.4

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Sovemment

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

128.5
76.4
45.0
42.9

130.4
77.3
45.7
44.2

130.8
77.3
45.5
44.5

559.8
292.8
142.9
215.8

568.5
299.4
145.5
219.8

570.1
300.6
146.6
221.2

401.7
207.4
90.9
155.0

413.6
211.5
92.3
162.4

412.9
211.1
92.6
162.3

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

223.0
153.1
3.3
3.1
1.7
6.6
3.7
2.6
2.0
15.8
14.4

228.6
157.2
3.4
3.4
1.7
6.7
4.1
2.5
1.9
15.4
15.0

230.8
158.4
3.5
3.4
1.7
6.9
4.1
2.5
1.9
15.5
15.1

891.4
581.6
15.6
10.6
8.6
35.7
21.1
13.6
10.6
59.8
53.5

913.8
594.7
16.7
10.8
8.3
36.0
21.3
14.0
10.7
60.8
55.6

924.9
599.2
16.7
11.0
8.7
37.2
21.8
14.4
11.0
61.2
56.8

410.7
206.9
12.0
6.9
5.1
22.4
14.0
9.9
4.8
39.3
25.4

409.4
208.4
12.4
7.0
4.9
22.3
13.8
10.8
4.9
38.7
25.4

409.3
208.0
12.5
7.1
4.9
22.5
13.7
10.8
4.9
38.3
25.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

184.2
4.7
3.4
2.5
108.7
5.9
15.1
2.0
4.8
12.3
1.4
6.1

185.5
5.0
3.5
2.5
109.4
5.9
15.4
1.9
5.1
12.8
1.3
6.2

186.6
5.0
3.5
2.5
109.5
5.9
15.5
1.9
5.1
12.9
1.3
6.2

847.4
34.3
12.1
14.2
474.4
31.7
69.8
9.7
24.0
40.3
11.7
32.9

868.4
37.3
12.4
14.4
487.4
32.7
71.6
10.1
24.4
40.9
12.0
34.7

878.2
37.8
12.5
14.9
491.6
33.0
72.5
10.1
24.6
41.4
12.0
35.3

637.0
53.9
11.8
8.7
246.8
23.7
31.9
9.8
18.2
69.1
9.0
21.5

649.5
54.9
12.1
8.9
253.5
23.7
33.2
10.1
18.6
68.5
9.3
21.5

645.6
54.4
12.0
8.8
252.6
23.7
32.6
10.1
18.4
68.3
9.1
21.4

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

118.8
3.0
92.4
1.5
2.2

119.5
3.1
93.6
1.5
2.2

120.1
3.2
94.2
1.5
2.2

484.7
22.1
329.0
24.7
15.0

498.6
22.2
337.1
26.0
15.8

504.8
22.2
342.1
26.2
15.6

328.6
22.2
179.3
6.3
13.1

337.2
22.3
183.6
6.6
12.8

338.5
22.6
184.1
6.5
13.5

38.8
14.6

39.0
14.7

39.0
14.7

145.2
40.0

148.3
41.5

150.2
41.9

197.6
40.2

201.3
41.2

201.6
41.2

135.3
57.9
75.7
5.1

134.9
58.2
74.7
5.2

135.6
58.0
74.8
5.3

524.4
178.5
292.4
28.2

529.1
182.5
297.5
29.5

536.3
184.6
300.1
29.8

359.7
115.9
142.8
14.5

366.5
118.9
143.1
15.0

369.3
119.9
143.8
15.1

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

13.3

13.3

13.4

65.8

67.1

67.4

71.7

71.4

71.2

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

47.6
8.2
28.5

48.5
8.4
29.2

48.8
8.4
29.4

157.9
25.9
84.4

163.2
27.9
87.6

^64.9
28.0
89.2

140.0
30.8
46.5

140.6
31.5
47.1

141.5
31.9
46.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

24.1
14.8
6.9

25.7
16.4
7.0

25.9
16.4
7.1

231.5
142.2
54.9

240.9
150.5
54.9

242.8
151.1
56.0

67.6
34.4
17.1

71.6
36.4
17.7

71.6
36.5
17.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

31.9
8.2
3.8
6.8

32.3
8.2
3.6
7.0

32.5
8.4
3.6
7.0

114.1
21.5
18.2
20.0

120.3
21.8
18.9
19.9

117.1
21.9
19.5
20.7

69.0
8.8
7.2
25.3

72.9
9.0
7.2
26.2

72.1
9.0
7.3
26.0

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

232.1
7.5
38.4
24.7
13.2
36.8
18.2
77.6
9.8
3.4

238.9
7.4
40.1
25.4
13.6
38.2
18.7
79.8
9.8
3.5

239.7
7.6
40.6
25.6
13.5
38.5
18.8
79.8
9.9
3.5

899.0
70.1
154.3
103.3
42.7
108.7
89.8
249.4
57.4
10.4

908.1
73.2
158.0
105.4
43.2
112.3
89.4
252.7
57.4
10.7

921.9
74.0
160.4
106.2
43.9
114.1
92.3
253.8
57.9
10.7

557.7
25.2
69.3
72.0
41.2
72.8
61.8
137.2
55.9
11.7

562.6
25.1
70.8
73.5
42.5
74.5
63.0
140.3
56.4
12.0

563.2
25.1
70.6
73.8
42.4
74.7
63.2
141.0
56.2
11.9

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Total

Construction

Mining

State and area

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.

1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.

Apr.

1989

1989?

Apr.
1988

537.2
234.5
41.0
54.1

547.1
238.3
41.8
55.3

550.6
239.4
42.3
55.3

15.2

15.2

15.3

.2
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,136.6
410.8
122.5
441.3
39.4
1,137.1
4,126.8
3,598.1
80.2
103.8
119.9
472.4
99.4
303.1
123.6
410.9

8,183.0
417.3
123.0
443.2
40.5
1,138.5
4,129.5
3,605.9
81.5
105.9
120.5
483.6
99.8
303.2
125.5
405.6

8,223.9
420.3
123.0
445.7
41.1
1,148.5
4,132.9
3,605.2
81.9
106.4
121.7
486.5
100.5
308.2
126.6
408.7

5.8
.4

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

2,957.6
80.3
591.2
483.0
395.5

3,000.4
81.3
603.8
483.3
400.1

254.2
37.0
72.5
30.2

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

5.3
.4

V)

.2
.2
1.0
.5

.2
1.1
.6

2.1
2.5

2.2
2.3

2.3
2.4

6.0
.5

327.8
19.2

314.2
18.0

332.8
19.5

5.3

5.0

5.3

.3

15.8

14.2

15.5

1.4

1.4

1.7

60.1
151.9
119.3

56.6
148.4
118.3

60.1
152.7
121.0

2.9
5.4
6.8

2.7
5.3
6.4

3.0
5.7
6.9

17.3

16.5

18.2

4.8

4.6

4.6

13.7

13.0

14.5

.2
1.0
.5
(1)

(1)
(1)
(2)
.7

.6

o2
()

.6

(2)

(2)

(2)

29.2
14.6

(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)
(2)

28.5
14.3

()

()
.3

(1)

.2
.2
.2

.1
.1
.2

.2
.2
.2

3,010.7
81.9
604.5
484.0
402.3

4.7
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

254.4
38.0
73.9
30.8

257.0
38.6
74.7
30.8

4.1
.2

4,642.7
270.8
157.9
694.4
894.9
670.6
433.4
282.4
192.1

4,707.6
276.6
160.0
711.1
909.3
688.2
441.3
288.5
194.7

4,761.6
279.3
162.8
721.8
917.3
696.0
447.0
292.5
197.0

19.1
.6
.9
.4
1.0
.9
.4
.3
.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,127.7
21.4
33.9
408.1
295.2

1,137.7
21.4
34.0
407.2
297.4

1,136.1
21.2
34.0
407.1
299.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,133.2
109.1
571.9
98.4

1,170.2
112.3
589.6
100.8

1,180.0
113.0
594.2
101.3

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,020.1
276.7
51.0
49.3
113.0
298.5
78.6
184.5
2,171.4
781.0
869.2

5,046.2
278.5
51.0
48.5
115.2
300.5
78.8
187.1
2,180.8
782.9
871.4

5,094.5
281.7
51.6
49.2
115.6
303.6
79.8
188.7
2,188.8
785.2
882.0

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Apr.

1989?

29.7
14.6

1

1

Mar.

1989

3.6

3.0

3.5

26.2

24.2

25.5

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

163.2

154.7

157.3

4.4

4.2

4.4

35.8
25.0
22.1

35.4
23.4
20.2

36.0
23.5
21.0

3.7
.2

8.4
1.3
2.8
1.1

7.2
1.1
2.7
1.0

8.2
1.2
3.0
1.1

18.7

19.0

172.1

170.8

184.4

.6
.9
.5
1.0
.9
.4
.2
.6

.6
.9
.5
1.0
.9
.4
.3
.7

8.9
5.5

8.7
5.6

9.5
6.3

29.8
26.0
26.7
16.5

31.0
24.6
27.2
16.9
10.2

33.1
26.6
29.5
18.7
11.0

6.6

7.6

45.3

43.7

43.1

34.4

32.6

33.9

1.2
.3

1.0
.3

1.1
.3

.7
1.2

.7
1.2

.7
1.1

12.0
14.1

10.3
14.3

10.4
14.5

12.4

10.4

10.7

9.5

8.5

8.6

1.3
.2
.4
.1

1.3
.2
.4
.1

1.4
.2
.4
.1

37.5

37.8

41.4

27.8

3.7
.2
1

1

0
(1)

()
(1)

()
(1)

27.6

29.1

.5

.6
2

()
(2)

()
(2)

()
(2)
.2
.3
3.0
.4
1.0

.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.1
(2)

.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.0
(2)

(2)
4.6

.6
2

2

4.5

4.5

9.8
7.0

3.2

3.4

3.7

20.0

20.4

22.1

3.3

3.4

3.6

219.5
13.4

216.4
13.3

231.4
14.0

2.2
2.0
3.1

2.1
1.4
2.9

2.1
1.4
3.1

13.3

11.9

12.9

2.6

2.2

2.6

11.2
103.1
17.1
38.6

11.3
100.4
17.0
33.9

11.7
105.2
17.6
37.1

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1988

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City

Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

90




Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

39.2
20.4
3.6
1.6

40.4
20.5
3.6
1.6

40.5
20.6
3.6
1.6

29.2
12.7
1.5
1.2

28.5
12.6
1.4
1.0

28.7
12.7
1.4
1.0

127.2
59.0
8.5
10.3

130.7
60.7
8.9
10.9

132.1
60.9
9.0
10.9

1,206.4
47.5
38.2
77.4
8.5
171.2
448.7
366.5
23.8
15.2
30.4
134.2
15.3
53.0
24.5
65.1

1,195.4
47.6
37.2
77.0
9.0
165.2
439.7
360.9
23.6
15.2
29.9
138.3
15.4
53.4
25.5
61.6

1,191.1
47.4
36.9
77.2
9.0
164.8
436.3
357.4
23.7
15.2
30.0
137.8
15.4
53.4
25.3
61.7

405.5
16.2
4.3
21.4
1.4
48.7
240.0
214.6
3.6
5.9
3.4
14.3
4.4
18.4
4.2
20.3

408.2
16.3
4.3
20.9
1.4
49.3
240.7
215.1
3.5
6.2
3.7
14.6
4.4
18.5
4.2
20.6

408.0
16.5
4.3
21.2
1.4
49.3
239.0
213.3
3.8
6.2
3.8
14.7
4.4
18.5
4.2
20.6

1,694.6
86.8
25.9
108.9
10.4
301.3
753.3
629.9
18.7
27.4
21.9
100.2
23.2
71.2
26.7
95.8

1,707.0
91.8
26.6
109.5
10.5
304.9
752.7
630.1
18.7
28.8
22.3
100.7
23.4
72.6
26.5
94.7

1,714.8
91.3
26.7
110.2
10.6
306.7
755.5
632.3
19.1
28.8
22.2
102.2
23.7
73.3
27.1
95.0

864.1
19.1
155.4
155.3
58.8

868.2
18.9
155.5
152.0
61.7

865.9
18.8
155.5
151.6
61.5

145.6
3.8
48.1
27.2
17.5

147.8
3.9
47.1
26.6
17.2

148.3
3.8
46.7
26.9
17.2

670.2
19.2
144.0
109.4
83.6

682.9
19.6
148.9
110.0
84.2

686.3
19.8
148.9
110.3
84.8

16.1
2.1
5.1
1.7

16.4
2.1
5.0
1.8

15.9
2.1
4.9
1.7

16.4
2.7
4.5
1.6

16.9
2.6
4.7
1.6

17.0
2.7
4.7
1.6

68.1
9.8
21.2
8.5

67.2
10.0
21.4
8.6

68.6
10.3
21.8
8.8

1,098.5
65.9
44.4
144.3
200.1
101.6
104.4
61.9
50.4

1,106.9
66.1
45.2
145.1
204.9
103.0
104.9
61.4
50.3

1,107.8
66.2
45.4
145.6
204.7
103.0
104.7
61.6
50.2

209.4
12.8
5.6
37.4
40.8
29.2
16.5
13.0
7.5

209.7
13.0
5.8
39.4
40.6
30.2
17.0
12.8
7.7

212.8
13.0
6.0
40.0
41.2
30.5
17.2
13.0
7.7

1,111.2
66.5
39.1
176.4
216.6
169.9
97.5
69.4
48.8

1,134.2
69.0
39.9
182.5
220.0
175.5
99.6
71.3
50.0

1,149.4
69.8
40.6
185.6
222.6
177.6
100.8
72.4
51.0

160.8
1.4
3.4
48.2
49.4

162.8
1.6
3.7
49.5
49.2

163.2
1.5
3.7
49.5
49.3

61.9
2.1
1.3
19.2
23.1

62.0
2.2
1.3
19.7
24.0

62.0
2.0
1.3
19.7
24.1

271.1
6.2
8.4
100.3
70.2

273.2
5.9
8.1
100.0
69.9

274.4
6.1
8.3
100.6
70.3

208.3
20.5
97.2
13.0

208.5
20.2
98.5
13.5

209.4
20.5
99.0
13.5

59.2
4.3
35.2
2.9

62.1
4.4
36.1
3.0

62.7
4.4
36.3
3.0

282.4
26.9
148.3
22.1

296.5
27.7
154.2
22.6

299.7
27.9
155.7
22.9

1,052.7
77.3
10.9
9.6
35.1
51.5
13.6
60.2
369.7
94.5
124.3

1,053.2
77.4
10.7
9.3
35.7
51.5
13.5
59.7
365.5
92.6
126.0

1,054.1
77.1
10.8
9.4
35.4
51.2
13.7
59.6
364.1
92.2
126.6

251.4
14.3
4.5
4.9
3.7
18.6
5.2
7.2
100.7
44.2
48.0

252.1
13.8
4.5
4.8
3.6
18.6
5.2
7.4
100.8
42.9
47.2

252.6
14.0
4.6
4.8
3.5
18.5
5.2
7.5
101.2
42.5
47.5

1,143.9
60.4
13.2
11.4
24.7
67.0
16.6
44.0
500.9
151.4
219.0

1,140.8
61.2
13.5
11.3
25.8
67.6
17.0
44.9
510.4
154.3
221.1

1,151.9
61.4
13.5
11.5
26.0
68.0
17.3
45.2
510.1
156.1
222.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

26.7
14.9
1.7
2.0

27.1
14.9
1.7
1.9

27.5
15.1
1.7
1.9

127.0
65.6
6.5
14.3

130.5
66.7
6.7
14.9

130.9
66.9
6.9
14.6

143.0
47.1
17.0
22.1

146.2
48.4
17.2
22.6

146.4
48.4
17.3
22.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

791.2
23.7
4.2
27.9
1.4
77.2
574.3
540.2
2.0
4.4
4.8
22.3
5.2
20.0
7.0
28.3

793.6
24.7
4.4
28.6
1.4
78.9
570.1
534.9
2.0
4.6
5.1
22.7
5.3
20.1
7.3
29.2

795.0
24.9
4.4
28.8
1.4
79.3
568.5
533.3
2.0
4.6
5.2
22.9
5.3
20.1
7.4
29.2

2,253.8
103.1
23.0
114.8
9.8
292.5
1,271.2
1,123.4
16.7
22.2
27.7
116.2
24.9
74.6
27.1
117.9

2,295.0
105.2
23.5
116.6
10.0
296.3
1,289.9
1,141.7
17.6
22.3
28.4
120.9
25.6
73.1
27.8
117.6

2,314.6
105.9
23.7
117.5
10.2
300.9
1,294.2
1,144.0
17.5
22.3
28.8
121.5
25.8
75.4
28.1
119.3

1,451.4
113.7
21.5
74.8
6.6
186.0
686.4
603.7
12.4
23.1
24.8
67.1
21.5
52.0
30.4
57.2

1,464.4
113.4
21.9
76.1
6.8
187.0
686.9
604.4
13.1
23.4
24.8
69.3
21.2
52.4
31.1
57.4

1,461.7
114.2
21.7
74.9
6.8
187.2
685.7
603.5
12.7
23.5
24.7
68.6
21.2
52.7
30.8
57.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

129.2
2.7
37.2
23.8
23.1

130.3
2.6
37.6
24.6
23.3

131.3
2.6
37.4
24.7
23.3

517.5
19.0
106.9
88.9
98.3

539.9
19.9
112.1
90.0
101.2

544.1
20.2
112.8
90.4
101.8

463.1
12.0
63.4
53.1
91.7

471.6
12.1
66.8
56.4
92.0

472.5
12.2
66.8
56.3
92.4

12.3
1.6
4.4
1.1

12.1
1.5
4.4
1.1

12.1
1.5
4.4
1.1

63.3
10.8
20.2
6.8

64.5
11.6
20.9
6.8

65.1
11.7
21.1
6.9

65.5
8.5
14.3
9.4

66.4
8.9
14.8
9.9

66.4
8.9
14.8
9.6

247.5
10.6
6.4
41.8
56.0
57.5
17.9
12.3
8.2

251.5
10.6
6.3
42.6
57.8
58.7
18.1
12.6
8.2

253.2
10.7
6.3
43.0
58.1
59.0
18.2
12.7
8.3

1,079.8
60.6
36.8
175.1
237.7
160.3
106.1
72.1
44.9

1,103.0
62.2
37.2
179.2
242.9
165.4
109.8
74.8
46.2

1,124.7
63.4
38.1
183.1
247.9
168.3
111.0
76.2
47.1

705.2
45.0
19.1
89.1
116.7
124.5
74.0
43.8
24.6

712.9
46.3
19.2
91.0
117.5
127.3
74.6
45.2
25.1

710.2
46.1
19.2
90.9
115.2
127.3
75.9
45.3
24.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

58.8
1.0
1.5
24.2
17.2

58.4
1.0
1.5
23.7
17.3

58.0
1.0
1.5
23.7
17.5

244.7
5.3
6.0
94.9
74.5

249.3
5.5
6.3
94.1
77.0

248.0
5.3
6.1
94.3
78.2

250.7
3.5
11.8
96.9
37.2

255.7
3.5
11.6
99.5
37.2

253.5
3.5
11.7
98.2
36.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

72.9
5.2
48.0
5.6

74.6
5.3
49.2
5.9

74.7
5.4
49.3
5.8

257.0
25.1
142.4
20.4

269.9
26.5
147.9
21.0

272.2
26.6
149.0
21.2

214.6
23.7
80.4
31.0

219.5
24.6
82.9
31.3

218.5
24.3
82.4
31.2

291.2
12.8
1.8
1.6
5.2
18.0
4.7
7.0
161.9
71.5
52.0

294.4
12.7
1.9
1.6
5.4
19.9
4.5
7.3
162.7
70.8
53.3

295.5
12.7
2.0
1.7
5.5
20.2
4.5
7.4
162.9
71.3
53.5

1,325.6
67.5
11.1
11.8
27.2
63.3
20.1
38.4
630.7
259.0
275.5

1,352.6
69.1
10.9
12.0
27.1
64.1
20.2
39.8
637.0
263.9
276.6

1,372.2
71.3
11.1
12.3
27.7
65.6
20.4
40.8
641.4
264.6
281.5

706.7
30.4
7.3
8.0
13.8
66.5
12.7
16.1
303.3
143.3
107.2

709.1
30.5
7.4
8.1
14.5
66.6
13.2
16.3
303.0
141.4
108.8

709.0
30.6
7.5
8.1
14.2
66.9
13.0
16.1
302.9
140.9
108.5

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Constructior

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

(2)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

149.0
297.5
51.1
175.5

152.0
299.6
51.1
178.4

153.6
302.0
51.6
179.2

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

454.4
130.3
321.5

454.1
131.3
322.5

458.1
132.2
325.5

1,445.6
192.5
231.7
320.8

1,482.2
193.4
233.3
323.9

1,500.4
195.5
235.1
326.2

261.2
34.3
66.8

260.1
34.1
67.9

263.9
34.9
68.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,066.9
194.8
162.8
259.4
431.2
485.8

2,064.5
198.5
166.1
255.6
438.9
482.8

2,081.8
199.3
166.8
258.6
441.4
484.4

6.9
.7
.3
1.7
.1
.9

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,614.2
48.7
77.7
356.1
130.8
59.0
67.9
49.5
124.8
1,339.9
193.8
525.7
71.7
1,419.4
70.0
36.9
66.0
92.3
93.1
44.7
43.2
36.6
501.6
37.8
44.7
61.0
27.7
78.3
50.8

6,733.5
49.3
76.7
354.7
133.9
60.6
70.6
51.0
125.8
1,342.2
195.5
533.0
71.5
1,460.5
71.9
39.0
66.1
94.8
100.4
43.9
42.4
36.9
508.0
37.0
45.3
61.0
27.8
80.1
50.5

6,755.0
49.5
77.0
355.1
134.2
60.8
70.4
51.7
126.4
1,345.9
195.7
535.5
72.6
1,464.1
72.1
39.5
66.4
94.6
98.7
44.0
42.5
36.5
511.3
37.1
45.4
60.9
27.6
80.2
50.6

184.6
2.1
1.3
.7
1.7
2.2
.1
.6
4.0
18.7
.1
3.7
.6
65.4
.1
1.9
3.7
.4
.9
10.3
6.1
.5
2.5
.1
.1
2.0
1.7
.1
2.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

651.2
78.7
449.3

671.4
85.4
460.1

677.1
85.5
464.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

249.1
33.2
77.5

259.6
35.2
76.7

253.6
34.5
77.5

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

92




6.9
12.9
2.0
9.1

7.4
14.0
2.2
9.6

.5

.5

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

19.8
6.0
15.0

20.0
6.0
14.7

21.2
6.3
16.2

1.9

90.1
13.2
13.9
22.1

91.7
12.8
14.0
22.0

92.7
13.1
14.2
22.5

2.6
.2

8.3
1.7
2.5

6.9
1.4
2.2

8.2
1.7
2.6

6.5
.6
.4
1.7
.1
.7

6.7
.7
.4
1.6
.1
.7

94.9
8.5
7.0
12.4
18.1
27.4

88.5
8.5
6.9
11.7
18.3
26.3

90.7
8.2
7.0
11.7
18.5
26.6

177.2
1.9
1.4
.7
1.8
1.9
.1
.6
4.5
17.4
.1
4.1
.5
66.5
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.6
.5
1.9
.1
.1
1.9
1.3
.1
1.9

176.0
1.9
1.3
.7
1.9
1.9
.1
.6
4.4
17.4
.1
4.2
.5
66.3
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.6
.5
2.0
.1
.1
1.9
1.3
.1
1.9

329.3
1.9
3.5
14.2
8.0
6.6
2.0
1.9
8.1
57.6
9.1
23.2
4.4
85.9
3.4
1.2
3.3
3.0
4.0
1.3
2.0
1.6
25.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.6
3.4
2.0

308.4
2.0
3.8
13.2
9.1
7.5
2.2
1.9
8.3
50.4
8.9
22.0
5.1
86.9
3.5
1.2
2.9
3.2
4.2
1.3
1.7
1.4
22.5
1.8
1.5
2.0
1.4
3.5
2.1

310.4
2.0
3.7
13.0
8.8
7.6
2.2
2.0
8.4
49.9
8.9
22.6
5.0
87.8
3.7
1.2
3.3
2.9
4.1
1.3
1.8
1.3
22.6
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.5
3.5
2.1

23.3
2.6
16.7

21.7
2.5
15.3

23.6
2.7
16.6

15.8
1.9
4.1

17.4
1.7
4.0

18.3
1.8
4.3

1.8

1.9
(1)

O
(1)
2.5
.2

2.6
.2

1

0

0)

0.6
(2)

(1)
(1)
(1)

O
(1)
0

8.3

()

7.6

7.6

2.5

2.5

.5
.2

.5
.2

(1)
2.7
.6
.2

()

Apr.
1989?

.5

0.6
(2)

(2)

1

Mar.
1989

6.9
13.3
2.0
9.4

0.7

0)

Apr.
1988

1

()

O

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
xiblic utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1988
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

47.7
71.9
16.6
61.0

48.6
71.9
16.0
62.0

48.3
72.2
16.0
61.9

6.6
16.2
1.8
7.8

6.7
16.1
1.9
7.8

6.8
16.3
1.9
7.8

32.8
67.2
11.2
42.0

33.4
67.3
11.5
42.3

34.1
67.7
11.5
42.5

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

114.6
50.1
72.0

113.1
49.4
70.5

113.7
49.5
70.5

15.7
3.5
12.2

15.5
3.7
12.1

15.8
3.7
12.4

102.5
32.4
69.6

102.3
32.5
70.0

103.1
32.7
70.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

382.9
20.5
29.0
102.5

384.2
21.1
30.0
102.5

383.0
21.4
30.0
102.4

61.3
10.8
10.4
12.0

64.2
11.7
10.2
12.5

64.6
11.9
10.4
12.6

323.3
46.5
50.9
73.6

332.5
44.2
50.6
74.7

343.0
45.0
51.2
75.6

30.6
3.2
8.2

29.8
3.2
8.0

29.9
3.3
8.0

13.4
1.9
5.2

13.5
1.8
5.3

13.6
1.9
5.3

68.2
9.9
18.3

67.0
10.1
18.4

69.1
10.4
18.5

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

507.1
47.0
52.2
53.2
54.9
89.2

510.6
47.8
54.3
52.5
54.8
90.5

510.1
47.9
54.4
52.0
54.8
90.5

107.8
9.1
6.1
10.2
40.4
24.4

109.5
9.4
6.3
10.0
41.4
24.2

110.1
9.3
6.3
10.2
41.5
24.2

485.3
44.7
36.6
64.5
116.4
118.9

484.2
45.2
35.9
64.2
117.9
116.3

489.6
45.6
36.5
65.5
118.9
116.9

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland

951.2
4.7
10.0
40.5
24.5
15.4
9.8
3.4
11.4
222.2
40.5
119.3
8.1
153.0
7.8
1.6
16.1
7.0
12.6
2.6
4.0
5.5
47.9
11.3
7.3
10.7
3.0
14.4
8.2

964.8
5.0
9.0
41.1
25.5
16.0
10.1
3.3
11.4
221.3
40.0
121.5
8.4
156.8
8.5
1.7
15.7
7.4
14.3
2.5
4.0
5.5
47.5
11.0
7.4
10.8
3.0
14.8
8.0

964.8
4.9
9.1
40.9
25.4
15.9
10.0
3.4
11.4
221.2
39.5
121.0
8.5
157.1
8.5
1.8
15.5
7.5
14.0
2.5
4.0
5.5
47.5
11.0
7.4
10.7
3.0
15.0
8.1

387.2
2.4
5.6
10.6
9.3
2.7
3.1
1.4
6.5
90.5
10.7
29.9
4.6
99.8
2.7
4.7
3.1
4.7
3.0
2.3
2.2
3.2
18.9
2.1
1.8
2.6
1.4
3.3
2.6

396.6
2.3
5.6
10.5
9.6
2.6
3.1
1.4
6.4
93.4
10.6
31.0
4.6
99.9
2.8
5.1
3.1
4.8
3.1
2.3
2.1
3.0
19.1
1.9
2.0
2.5
1.4
3.4
2.5

397.4
2.3
5.5
10.4
9.7
2.6
3.1
1.4
6.4
93.8
10.7
31.2
4.9
99.9
2.7
5.2
3.1
4.9
3.1
2.3
2.1
2.9
18.9
1.9
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.4
2.5

1,637.4
13.4
22.0
77.3
31.9
10.9
17.8
10.8
31.2
341.5
45.6
136.4
14.3
350.3
16.2
10.6
16.7
27.7
28.7
9.8
12.4
9.0
125.9
7.9
10.4
15.9
7.5
18.4
11.9

1,647.7
13.5
22.2
75.4
32.3
11.0
18.5
10.7
31.1
346.6
46.9
136.9
13.9
361.2
16.3
11.7
17.0
27.7
31.9
9.7
12.6
9.3
127.2
7.8
10.5
15.9
7.7
18.6
12.1

1,654.7
13.6
22.5
75.9
32.6
11.1
18.4
10.9
31.2
346.5
47.0
137.6
14.3
362.0
16.3
11.9
17.1
27.7
30.7
9.8
12.6
9.1
128.1
7.8
10.6
16.0
7.6
18.8
12.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

96.9
12.8
63.2

100.3
14.0
65.3

100.3
14.2
65.8

38.3
2.7
29.3

39.3
2.7
30.5

39.3
2.7
30.5

151.9
15.7
110.1

158.4
17.6
114.5

160.3
17.5
114.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

49.6
4.7
17.0

48.9
5.0
16.1

49.2
5.0
16.2

10.2
.9
3.2

10.3
.9
3.4

10.5
.9
3.4

58.4
7.0
18.4

60.7
7.6
18.5

59.7
7.3
18.6

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1988
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

Mar.
1989

Apr.

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

7.9
13.2
2.4
4.8

8.4
13.6
2.4
4.9

13.7
2.4
5.0

30.0
72.6
10.1
31.6

30.8
74.4
10.3
33.2

31.1
74.7
10.5
33.2

17.1
42.4
7.0
18.4

17.2
42.8
7.0
18.6

17.4
42.8
7.1

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

26.5
3.9
22.1

26.6
4.0
23.1

26.5
4.0
23.0

115.7
23.9
86.0

115.8
25.3
87.1

117.1
25.5
87.9

59.4
10.3
44.5

60.6
10.2
44.9

60.5
10.3
45.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

64.6
8.5
17.9
11.9

66.4
8.7
18.0
11.9

67.3
8.9
18.2
11.9

255.6
40.0
45.2
56.6

266.8
42.0
45.1
57.0

272.8
42.3
45.6
57.6

266.0
52.9
64.1
41.8

274.5
52.8
65.1
43.0

275.1
52.8
65.2
43.3

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.1
1.6
6.3

14.9
1.5
6.7

15.0
1.5
6.7

63.6
8.6
18.9

64.6
8.5
19.6

65.0
8.6

60.3
7.1
7.5

61.0
7.4
7.6

60.6
7.4
7.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

103.3
12.4
5.2

105.3
12.8
5.4
10.0
25.3
34.6

105.3
12.7
5.5
10.1
25.5
34.4

430.4
37.6
30.4
56.0
104.8
122.1

432.8
38.7
32.6
56.8
108.1
120.0

440.3
39.6
32.4
58.1

331.0
34.9
25.0
51.6
71.8
68.3

327.1
35.5
24.3
48.7
73.0
70.2

329.0
35.3
24.3
49.4
73.5
70.4

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

438.3
2.4
4.4
24.5
5.3
2.0
3.7
1.6
6.9
130.2

439.6
2.5
4.2

439.5
2.5
4.1
23.8
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.7
7.1
125.9
8.5

1,502.9

1,571.2

1,582.8

13.1
16.9
85.7

13.3
17.1
86.2
30.1

1,183.3
8.7
14.4
103.8
20.4
11.0
16.7
21.1
27.9
151.2
40.5
69.1
21.8
188.4
21.4
9.1
8.5
21.7
24.9
6.5
7.8
6.9
116.2
4.4
12.1
9.5
4.9
12.8
9.8

1,228.0
9.0
13.6
104.1
20.6
11.3
17.0
22.2
28.1
153.3
41.5
70.0
21.1
197.3
21.4
9.8
8.6
22.1
25.9
6.6
7.5
7.3
121.8
4.3
12.4
9.6
5.2
13.0
9.8

1,229.4

13.1
16.5

9.8
24.7
34.6

26.9
4.3
101.1
2.8
1.7
2.7
5.4
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
39.2
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.6
4.9
2.3

24.0
5.1
1.9
3.7
1.7
7.1
126.4
8.4
26.7
4.0
99.6
2.9
1.5
2.7
5.6
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
39.8
1.7
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.8
2.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.1
2.3
27.0

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.3
3.0
3.6

See footnotes at end of table.

94




8.9

8.5

26.9
4.2
99.4
2.9
1.4
2.7
5.6
3.7
2.2
1.7
1.8

84.5

29.7
8.2
14.8
8.7
28.8
328.0
38.4
117.2
13.6
375.5
15.6

6.1

29.9
8.4
16.0
9.2
28.9
333.4
39.1
120.8

13.9
392.3
16.4

19.7

108.6
120.7

8.4

16.1
9.4
29.3
337.5
39.6
122.0
14.1

394.2
16.5
6.3

18.7

9.0

13.7
104.2
20.6

11.4
17.0
22.3
28.2
153.7

41.5
70.0
21.1
197.4
21.4

11.9
22.4
15.3
9.6
7.0

6.1
12.5
23.6
16.4
9.6
7.2

39.9
1.7
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.8
2.3

8.1
125.3
8.6
9.3
14.6
6.0
21.0
12.0

128.2
8.4
9.5
14.9
6.2
21.9
11.8

8.1
129.6
8.5
9.6
14.7
6.2
21.7
11.8

33.2
2.3
26.8

33.2
2.2
26.8

154.1
28.9
105.5

163.4
32.2

164.6
32.2

109.1

110.6

145.3
13.7
94.8

147.5
14.1
96.1

148.2
14.0
96.8

12.9
3.1
3.6

12.9
3.1
3.6

60.0
7.2
18.6

66.1
8.3
18.5

60.0
7.8
18.7

42.2
8.3
12.6

42.8
8.4
12.5

42.5
8.4
12.6

8.1

12.5
23.6
16.4

9.7
7.2

9.8
8.6
22.0
25.8
6.6
7.5
7.3

122.7
4.4
12.3

9.7
5.0
12.9
9.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructior

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,750.0
32.1
67.6
41.1
71.5
562.0
730.8
449.7
121.7

2,839.1
32.9
67.1
41.9
72.3
559.5
771.4
461.3
123.6

2,861.6
33.2
68.0
42.5
73.1
566.4
775.8
465.6
123.5

15.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.8
.1

15.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.6
1.0
.1

14.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.5
1.1
.1

189.3
.9
3.9
2.0
3.6
37.4
57.3
29.5
7.6

195.6
.8
3.7
2.1
3.3
36.5
63.0
31.2
7.6

203.4
.9
3.8
2.4
3.4
37.8
65.7
32.0
8.0

Washington
Seattle

1,913.2
969.1

1,983.1
1,018.5

2,008.9
1,029.0

3.3
.6

3.4
.6

3.5
.6

90.8
49.5

95.1
49.7

98.9
51.1

603.7
106.6
103.7
58.8
58.5

606.7
107.2
105.8
59.7
58.9

610.9
108.3
106.0
60.5
58.9

33.9
2.0
1.4
.6
2.3

33.8
2.0
1.5
.6
2.6

33.5
2.0
1.4
.6
2.6

24.1
4.2
3.5
2.6
1.8

22.8
3.7
4.0
2.3
1.7

25.3
4.1
3.9
2.6
1.8

2,126.6
148.4
56.2
95.0
56.7
42.1
53.9
204.1
710.5
72.2
47.4

2,156.5
151.5
56.9
97.5
57.3
40.2
55.7
206.0
726.2
73.7
49.1

2,176.4
153.2
58.0
98.3
57.2
39.1
56.8
208.5
729.6
74.2
49.8

2.5

68.3
6.6
1.5
3.0
1.4
1.4
1.6
6.7
21.9
1.9
1.6

64.6
6.5
1.5
3.0
1.5
1.3
1.8
5.3
21.2
1.8
1.9

70.0
7.0
1.6
3.2
1.3
1.4
2.0
5.6
22.5
1.9
2.1

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Apr.
1988

Apr.
1989?

Mar.
1989

2.2

2.0

(1)
(1)
()
( )

(1)
()

(1)
(1)

0

0
01
()
()
0
(1)

()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()

0)
(1)

1

Apr.
1988

9

(ii
(1)
()
0

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Wyoming

180.5

178.2

179.3

17.9

17.8

17.8

9.2

8.7

9.4

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

804.5
51.7
57.5
52.7
495.6

822.4
52.3
59.1
53.8
507.6

820.4
52.0
58.8
53.5
506.4

.8

.8

.8

40.0
(1)
1
()
3.8
29.4

42.4
(1)
1
()
3.7
30.4

42.2
(1)
1
()
3.9
29.9

41.9

42.0

41.6

2.5

2.0

2.1

Virgin Islands

(1)
(1)
.1
.5

o

01
()
0

.1
.4

01
()

0

.1
.4

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

425.2
10.9
8.6
16.4
22.8
68.2
35.4
62.7
19.6

426.1
11.1
8.8
16.6
22.4
66.8
34.6
62.5
19.7

424.9
11.0
8.7
16.6
22.6
66.7
34.1
62.2
19.5

142.8
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.6
26.2
50.8
23.4
8.3

146.3
1.1
2.3
.9
2.5
26.2
56.2
23.5
8.3

146.0
1.1
2.3
.9
2.5
25.9
56.5
23.5
8.3

621.0
8.1
13.1
8.9
15.9
138.0
161.5
107.6
33.5

642.4
8.5
13.4
9.4
16.7
137.1
165.7
110.2
33.9

648.2
8.7
13.6
9.6
16.9
139.4
166.4
111.1
33.6

Washington
Seattle

334.9
194.2

347.4
208.6

352.6
210.8

99.1
59.9

103.3
63.5

104.1
63.8

463.6
231.9

479.8
243.2

488.7
246.0

85.7
10.8
19.1
13.6
7.2

87.0
11.1
19.9
14.0
7.3

86.4
11.2
20.0
13.9
7.3

36.6
8.5
7.9
2.1
3.2

37.0
8.9
7.8
2.2
3.3

37.1
9.0
7.8
2.3
3.4

141.3
27.9
26.8
14.1
16.2

141.5
28.0
26.9
14.2
16.1

143.8
28.3
27.2
14.3
16.1

540.4
51.2
11.1
23.9
17.9
14.4
11.2
23.9
171.8
25.6
13.3

552.0
52.5
11.5
25.4
18.1
11.7
10.9
25.1
177.4
26.1
13.7

549.4
52.8
11.8
25.4
17.5
9.7
10.8
24.9
176.4
26.3
13.8

96.0
5.3
3.0
7.3
2.2
1.5
2.2
7.0
34.5
2.2
2.8

98.7
5.7
3.1
7.3
2.1
1.4
2.1
7.2
35.3
2.2
2.8

99.5
5.7
3.1
7.4
2.2
1.4
2.3
7.2
35.4
2.2
2.8

495.1
31.2
15.3
24.3
13.9
9.2
15.0
45.0
160.4
16.0
11.6

499.3
31.6
15.1
24.4
13.7
9.5
16.0
46.1
163.3
16.3
12.0

507.9
32.2
15.4
24.7
14.1
9.9
16.2
46.9
165.4
16.2
12.3

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

96




8.5

9.1

9.0

13.3

13.6

13.6

40.2

41.0

41.2

155.4
16.4
20.9
10.1
64.8

160.4
16.7
21.4
10.1
67.2

160.4
16.5
21.3
10.2
67.5

18.9
(1)
1
()

17.3
(1)
(1)

17.1

0

0

13.9

143.7
10.5
7.8
8.3
99.2

144.7
10.9
7.5
8.9
99.7

144.8
10.8
7.5
8.8
99.9

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

9.9

9.7

9.5

14.9

14.1
2.6

01
(1)
()

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

148.5
1.2
3.3
1.3
3.8
26.7
48.1
38.4
8.2

152.6
1.3
3.3
1.3
4.2
26.4
50.3
40.0
8.5

153.9
1.3
3.3
1.3
4.2
26.6
50.8
40.3
8.6

659.4
4.7
12.7
6.2
13.4
134.3
236.2
95.8
28.9

696.8
4.7
12.7
6.1
13.8
135.5
254.6
96.8
30.2

706.1
4.8
13.3
6.2
14.0
138.9
256.1
98.6
30.1

548.1
5.1
23.6
5.2
9.3
131.1
141.0
91.5
15.5

563.8
5.3
22.8
5.4
9.3
130.9
146.4
96.1
15.3

565.1
5.3
22.9
5.4
9.4
130.9
145.7
96.8
15.3

Washington
Seattle

108.5
69.5

112.1
71.3

112.9
71.8

441.3
227.6

460.9
241.2

466.3
244.2

371.7
135.9

381.1
140.4

381.9
140.7

24.2
6.3
3.7
2.3
2.7

24.2
6.3
3.8
2.3
2.7

24.2
6.3
3.8
2.4
2.7

129.2
25.6
22.0
13.6
15.5

132.7
26.3
22.7
14.1
15.9

133.8
26.5
22.8
14.4
15.8

128.7
21.3
19.3
9.9
9.6

127.7
20.9
19.2
10.0
9.3

126.8
20.9
19.1
10.0
9.2

114.7
7.1
1.8
3.2
1.6
1.1
1.5
18.1
50.3
2.2
3.5

116.9
7.3
1.8
3.4
1.6
1.2
1.6
18.4
51.8
2.3
3.5

117.7
7.3
1.8
3.4
1.7
1.2
1.6
18.4
51.7
2.3
3.6

475.0
29.4
12.5
22.1
12.5
8.3
14.7
45.2
188.0
16.2
8.4

484.7
29.9
12.9
22.4
12.7
8.7
15.3
46.4
193.4
16.6
8.7

489.3
30.2
13.2
22.9
12.9
8.9
15.8
46.8
194.8
16.9
8.7

334.9
17.4
11.0
11.2
7.1
6.2
7.7
58.1
83.3
8.1
6.2

338.3
17.7
11.0
11.6
7.5
6.4
8.0
57.4
83.6
8.4
6.5

340.1
17.7
11.1
11.3
7.4
6.6
8.1
58.5
83.1
8.4
6.5

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

7.2

7.3

7.2

31.1

32.0

32.2

53.1

48.7

48.9

36.2

35.9

36.2

120.1

124.7

124.1

28.8

28.5

28.7

9.9
86.3

10.2
90.7

10.0
90.3

289.4
15.9
19.1
17.0
171.8

296.3
16.2
19.3
17.3
176.7

294.9
16.0
19.1
17.2
175.7

1.9

2.0

2.0

10.0

9.7

12.9

13.3

13.3

Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




0

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988 benchmarks.

97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining
Hourly
earnings

Construction

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

1980
1981
1982
1983..
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195 45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
493.08

Annual averages

"

Monthly data , not seasonally adjusted
1988:
May
June
July
August
SeDtember
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
ApriP
Mayp

34.6
34.9
35.1
35.0
34.8
34.9
34.7
34.9

$9.26
9.23
9.24
9.24
9.40
9.45
9.46
9.46

$320.40
322.13
324.32
323.40
327.12
329.81
328.26
330.15

42.2
42.5
42.4
42.0
42.2
42.6
41.9
42.8

$12.60
12.61
12.72
12.69
12.82
12.79
12.89
13.03

$531.72
535.93
539.33
532.98
541.00
544.85
540.09
557.68

38.3
38.7
38.6
38.6
38.4
39.1
37.8
37.3

$12.91
12.89
12.96
12.99
13.16
13.17
13.08
13.19

$494.45
498.84
500.26
501.41
505.34
514.95
494.42
491.99

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.8
34.5

9.54
9.55
9.56
9.61
9.60

329.13
327.57
328.86
334.43
331.20

42.2
41.7
42.0
42.9
41.9

13.20
13.22
13.15
13.17
13.10

557.04
551.27
552.30
564.99
548.89

36.5
36.2
37.4
37.9
37.7

13.26
13.21
13.26
13.30
13.33

483.99
478.20
495.92
504.07
502.54

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2 73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111 11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3 44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6 39

137 26
144 18
151.69
160.34
170 33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247 93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1

6.96
7 56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.60
9.94

267.96
291 06
309 85
329.18
342.27
351 74
358.11
365.76
378.71

Annual averages
1964
1965

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
ApriP
Ma/ 9

41.0
41.2
40.7
40.9
41.3
41.3
41.5
41.7

$10.14
10.16
10.17
10.13
10.25
10.25
10.31
10.37

$9.70
9.70
9.73
9.67
9.75
9.76
9.82
9.88

$415.74
418.59
413.92
414.32
423.33
423.33
427.87
432.43

39.1
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.3
39.5

$12.28
12.27
12.32
12.35
12.40
12.42
12.46
12.42

$480.15
484.67
490.34
490.30
489.80
490.59
489.68
490.59

38.0
38.1
38.3
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.0
38.2

$9.90
9.88
9.95
9.91
10.04
10.10
10.07
10.14

$376.20
376.43
381.09
376.58
382.52
385 82
382.66
387.35

41.0
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.9

10.37
10.38
10.41
10.41
10.41

9.91
9.92
9.94
9.95
9.97

425.17
423.50
426.81
426.81
425.77

39.3
39.1
39.2
39.7
39.5

12.47
12.50
12.46
12.51
12.51

490.07
488.75
488.43
496.65
494.15

37.9
37.8
37.9
38.2
38.0

10.23
10.23
10.21
10.35
10.24

387.72
386.69
386 96
395.37
389.12

See footnotes at end of table.

100




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.91

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
290.47

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1989:
January
February ...
March
ApriP
Ma/

28.9
29.4
30.0
29.8
29.1
29.1
28.8
29.6

$6.28
6.27
6.28
6.26
6.38
6.39
6.43
6.43

$181.49
184.34
188.40
186.55
185.66
185.95
185.18
190.33

35.8
35.8
36.1
35.7
35.8
36.0
35.7
35.8

$9.08
8.97
9.03
9.03
9.14
9.29
9.27
9.32

$325.06
321.13
325.98
322.37
327.21
334.44
330.94
333.66

32.4
32.7
33.0
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.5
32.6

$8.85
8.79
8.80
8.81
9.00
9.09
9.11
9.16

$286.74
287.43
290.40
288.97
292.50
297.24
296.08
298.62

28.4
28.3
28.5
28.9
28.8

6.48
6.47
6.48
6.51
6.51

184.03
183.10
184.68
188.14
187.49

36.1
35.8
35.8
36.3
35.6

9.46
9.47
9.43
9.59
9.53

341.51
339.03
337.59
348.12
339.27

32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.4

9.25
9.28
9.29
9.33
9.31

301.55
300.67
301.00
306.02
301.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March
1988 benchmarks. Thus, data beginning in April 1987 may differ
slightly from those previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining .

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

34.6

34.4

34.8

34.5

42'.8

42.2

42.0

42.9

41.9

42.4
42.7
45.0

42.8
43.8
45.1

10
101
102

42.7
39.8
45.1

42.1
40.2
43.7

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

11,12
12

42.2
42.2

41.5
41.5

42.2
42.2

43.3
43.3

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

42.2
41.7
42.4

41.2
40.2
41.7

41.2
41.2
41.1

41.9
42.9
41.2

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

45.7
47.2

46.5
47.7

44.0
44.4

45.9
47.3

37.9

38.3

37.4

37.9

Construction .

May
1989P

34.7

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

14
142

Average overtime hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

37.7

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

37.4
36.5
38.1
38.4

37.6
36.7
39.1
38.5

37.1
35.9
38.3
38.4

37.4
36.5
38.4
38.4

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

41.7
42.0
41.5

42.6
44.0
41.8

41.0
40.4
41.3

41.5
41.3
41.6

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.1
38.3
35.9
38.6
35.3
35.5
34.2

37.3
38.5
36.1
38.7
35.4
35.8
34.2

36.5
38.1
35.4
38.5
34.7
34.7
32.4

37.1
38.5
36.0
38.4
35.2
34.7
34.2

41.0

41.0

41.0

41.0

40.9

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.7

41.8

41.7

41.7

41.7

41.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

Manufacturing.
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.6
40.6
41.8
42.3
40.0
40.3
40.5
39.2
41.0
43.0
39.2
39.0
38.8
40.3

40.5
40.6
41.5
41.9
39.7
40.0
40.5
39.0
41.0
40.8
39.4
39.9
39.4
40.3

39.8
39.8
41.2
41.5
40.1
39.9
39.1
39.5
40.9
42.8
38.6
36.3
36.6
39.2

40.3
41.1
41.6
42.1
39.2
40.2
39.5
39.5
40.5
44.1
38.8
37.4
37.3
39.9

40.1

3.5
4.2
4.3
4,7
3.0
3.2
2.7
2.7
3.5
4.9
3,2
2.3
2.2
3,0

3.7
4.6
4.4
4.7
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.8
3.9
4.7
3.6
3.0
2.9
3.1

3.4
4.6
4.0
4.2
3.1
3.2
2.1
3.4
3.9
5.2
3.3
1.8
1.9
2.9

3.6
5.1
4.2
4.5
3.2
3.3
2.3
3.1
3.6
6.0
3.5
1.8
1.7
3.0

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture ,
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures ,

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.2
38.8
39.3
37.1
41.5
39.6
40.0
40.4
40.2
37.7

39.1
38.6
39.3
36.8
40.4
39.5
40.0
40.4
40.3
37.9

39.6
39.6
40.0
38.8
40.1
39.8
39.4
38.7
40.8
38.5

39.3
39.0
39.8
37.7
40.7
38.5
39.7
39.8
40.5
38.6

39.1

2.5
2.3
2.5
1.5
3.7
3,2
2.5
3.8
3.0
1.8

2.4
2.2
2.6
1.3
3.1
3.1
2.3
3.9
2.9
2.1

2.7
2.7
2.8
2.2
3.5
3.2
2.5
2.9
3.0
2.0

2.4
2.2
2.5
1.7
3.3
2.1
2.4
3.3
3.2
1.9

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.5
45.7
41.8

42.8
46.5
41.7

41.9
44.6
41.7

42.7
44.8
42.4

42.6

5.2
7.4
4.7

5.3
8.2
4.4

4.8
6.8
4.5

5.1
6.6
4.6

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
See footnotes at end of table.
102




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

$9.23

$9.26

$9.56

$9.61

$9.60 $320.28 $320.40 $328.86 $334.43 $331.20

12.65

12.60

13.15

13.17

13.10 541.42

531.72

552.30

564.99

548.89

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

13.15
13.81
11.80

13.05
13.41
11.56

13.71
14.03
11.83

13.76
14.18
11.61

561.51
549.64
532.18

549.41
539.08
505.17

581.30
599.08
532.35

588.93
621.08
523.61

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

15.82
15.88

15.78
15.83

16.23
16.29

16.20
16.26

667.60
670.14

654.87
656.95

684.91
687.44

701.46
704.06

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

11.78
14.42
10.21

11.73
14.42
10.19

12.29
14.93
10.67

12.39
15.01
10.75

497.12
601.31
432.90

483.28
579.68
424.92

506.35
615.12
438.54

519.14
643.93
442.90

10.80
10.25

10.87
10.33

11.06
10.42

11.17
10.68

493.56
483.80

505.46
492.74

486.64
462.65

512.70
505.16

12.93

12.91

13.26

13.30

13.33 490.05

494.45

495.92

504.07

15
152
153
154

12.15
11.50
10.84
12.92

12.13
11.48
11.06
12.91

12.50
11.89
11.73
13.19

12.54
11.94
11.87
13.23

454.41
419.75
413.00
496.13

456.09
421.32
432.45
497.04

463.75
426.85
449.26
506.50

469.00
435.81
455.81
508.03

16
161
162

12.22
11.73
12.46

12.34
12.09
12.47

12.65
11.97
12.90

12.87
12.36
13.08

509.57
492.66
517.09

525.68
531.96
521.25

518.65
483.59
532.77

534.11
510.47
544.13

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

13.47
13.78
12.84
14.73
13.66
12.77
11.90

13.43
13.75
12.76
14.73
13.73
12.82
11.88

13.76
14.16
12.91
14.67
13.87
13.28
11.99

13.75
14.23
12.84
14.72
13.89
13.15
12.06

499.74
527.77
460.96
568.58
482.20
453.34
406.98

500.94
529.38
460.64
570.05
486.04
458.96
406.30

502.24
539.50
457.01
564.80
481.29
460.82
388.48

510.13
547.86
462.24
565.25
488.93
456.31
412.45

10.13

10.14

10.41

10.41

10.41 415.33

415.74

426.81

426.81

425.77

10.65

10.68

10.93

10.93

10.93 445.17

445.36

455.78

455.78

453.60

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

502.54

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.51
10.56
8.71
9.06
6.96
8.55
8.74
7.88
6.94
10.20
6.33
8.05
8.16
7.32

8.54
10.59
8.71
9.04
7.00
8.58
8.84
7.95
7.02
10.12
6.39
8.08
8.22
7.37

8.68
10.70
8.90
9.22
7.31
8.64
8.76
8.09
7.23
10.16
6.48
8.32
8.43
7.53

8.76
10.95
8.99
9.33
7.32
8.73
8.88
8.18
7.28
10.24
6.51
8.25
8.34
7.56

8.80 345.51
428.74
364.08
383.24
278.40
344.57
353.97
308.90
284.54
438.60
248.14
313.95
316.61
295.00

345.87
429.95
361.47
378.78
277.90
343.20
358.02
310.05
287.82
412.90
251.77
322.39
323.87
297.01

345.46
425.86
366.68
382.63
293.13
344.74
342.52
319.56
295.71
434.85
250.13
302.02
308.54
295.18

353.03
450.05
373.98
392.79
286.94
350.95
350.76
323.11
294.84
451.58
252.59
308.55
311.08
301.64

352.88

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

7.83
7.23
6.75
7.96
6.90
7.79
8.85
8.21
9.36
8.15

7.89
7.25
6.81
7.90
7.12
7.74
8.91
8.34
9.43
8.20

8.13
7.53
7.04
8.30
7.21
8.05
9.17
8.66
9.56
8.46

8.11
7.48
7.01
8.25
7.36
7.78
9.12
8.66
9.64
8.41

8.15 306.94
280.52
265.28
295.32
286.35
308.48
354.00
331.68
376.27
307.26

308.50
279.85
267.63
290.72
287.65
305.73
356.40
336.94
380.03
310.78

321.95
298.19
281.60
322.04
289.12
320.39
361.30
335.14
390.05
325.71

318.72
291.72
279.00
311.03
299.55
299.53
362.06
344.67
390.42
324.63

318.67

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

10.40
14.96
11.64

10.44
14.92
11.66

10.62
15.22
11.81

10.72
15.26
12.06

10.70 442.00
683.67
486.55

446.83
693.78
486.22

444.98
678.81
492.48

457.74
683.65
511.34

455.82

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Average weekly hours

1972
Industry

SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Apr.

May

Mar.

Apr.

May

Apr.

May

Mar.

Apr.

May

1988

1988

1989

1989P

1989P

1988

1988

1989

1989P

1989P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

41.8
41.8
42.0
42.9
42.0
39.7
43.4
45.2
42.8
42.5
42.5
42.9
42.5

42.1
41.2
41.8
42.8
42.0
39.8
44.3
45.7
43.5
44.2
42.5
43.5
43.1

41.9
41.6
41.9
43.4
41.9
40.6
42.0
42.9
42.7
40.2
42.2
43.7
41.6

42.9
41.9
41.5
41.8
41.9
40.8
43.7
44.6
43.6
42.8
42.5
43.3
43.2

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating ,
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

43.5
44.0
44.3
43.6
43.5
43.5
42.6
43.8
43.8
44.2
43.4
43.2
44.5
43.1
42.0
42.8

43.6
43.9
44.2
43.0
43.8
44.2
42.1
43.8
43.3
43.8
43.5
42.8
45.0
43.6
42.1
42.8

43.5
44.0
44.3
41.6
43.2
43.3
42.3
42.8
43.5
43.6
43.8
44.0
45.6
42.5
41.9
42.2

43.3
43.7
44.0
41.6
42.9
43.1
42.7
42.4
43.6
43.5
43.7
43.1
44.8
42.8
42.0
42.5

43.3
44.1

41.8
44.2
44.4
41.8
41.1
42.0
40.8
41.2
40.0
40.8
42.0
40.0
42.1
39.8
39.4
42.8
41.7
44.0
43.2
43.2
45.1
40.8
40.8
40.5
41.3
41.4
40.7
41.8
42.2
41.0

41.8
43.9
44.0
41.5
40.9
41.4
40.3
40.6
39.4
40.9
41.8
40.4
42.2
39.5
40.5
43.2
42.3
44.2
43.5
43.4
45.6
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.0
41.4
40.7
41.5
42.1
40.6

41.7
44.0
44.4
41.2
41.4
40.8
40.6
41.7
39.1
40.7
41.0
39.0
42.5
40.0
40.4
43.5
42.1
45.0
43.0
44.2
44.3
40.5
41.4
41.5
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.4
42.1
40.0

41.6
43.8
44.1
40.8
40.7
40.5
40.8
41.8
39.5
41.0
41.5
40.0
42.2
40.1
40.7
42.7
41.7
43.9
42.9
43.7
44.1
40.7
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.9
41.7
41.1
41.7
39.5

41.6

42.6
44.4
43.1
44.8
43.6
44.2

42.4
44.2
42.7
44.6
42.7
43.7

42.6
43.3
43.5
43.3
42.4
42.8

42.5
43.1
42.7
43.3
42.1
42.8

42.3

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

104




35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

_

-

_
-

-

-

-

5.6
3.6
3.4
3.8
4.3
3.1
6.7
8.1
6.0
6.5
4.7
3.8
3.9

5.5
3.2
3.5
3.5
4.2
3.1
7.1
7.6
6.2
7.5
4.8
3.6
4.7

5.1
3.8
3.2
4.6
4.0
3.5
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.7
4.6
4.5
4.8

5.5
3.6
3.1
3.8
3.9
3.3
6.7
6.6
6.1
6.8
4.7
3.9
6.5

5.4
5.6
5.7
6.1
5.7
6.1
4.4
5.4
4.8
4.9
5.8
5.9
7.3
5.2
3.9
4.3

5.4
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.3
4.3
5.6
4.6
4.7
5.9
5.3
7.7
5.6
3.9
4.2

5.5
5.8
6.0
4.4
5.3
5.7
4.0
4.6
4.7
4.9
6.1
5.5
8.4
5.2
4.1
4.2

5.3
5.6
5.8
4.2
5.2
5.5
4.2
4.6
5.2
5.3
5.9
4.8
7.4
5.3
4.1
4.1

4.0
5.6
5.7
3.9
3.2
4.2
3.1
3.4
2.2
3.4
4.4
2.9
3.8
3.0
2.9
5.0
4.2
5.9
5.4
5.0
6.6
4.0
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.2
2.6
3.7
3.7
3.5

4.0
5.3
5.3
3.4
2.8
3.7
3.2
3.1
2.7
3.4
4.3
2.9
3.9
2.9
3.4
5.3
4.6
6.1
5.4
4.7
6.8
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.8
3.3

4.0
5.3
5.4
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.8
2.3
3.7
4.2
2.6
4.4
3.1
4.4
5.6
4.7
6.6
4.9
5.7
5.4
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.7
2.8
2.5
3.6
3.8
3.2

3.8
5.5
5.5
2.9
2.7
2.9
3.3
3.9
2.7
3.5
4.2
2.8
4.1
2.9
4.3
5.0
4.1
6.0
4.8
5.1
5.5
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.7
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.4
3.1

4.3
5.3
4.7
5.5
4.4
4.8

4.2
4.9
4.7
5.0
3.8
4.6

4.5
4.3
5.7
3.8
4.5
5.0

4.3
3.7
5.1
3.2
4.4
5.0

_

_

_
_

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312

3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

$12.13 $12.08 $12.21 $12.68
11.07 11.16 11.36 11.35
9.35
9.36
9.11
8.97
13.18 13.13 13.63 13.67
9.14
9.17
8.87
8.85
9.51
9.49
9.31
9.22
10.10 10.18 10.35 10.49
9.67
9.52
9.25
9.27
9.33
9.40
9.05
9.01
10.92 11.02 11.24 11.40
10.55 10.53 10.62 10.71
10.09 10.03 10.22 10.22
10.68 10.65 10.99 11.24

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

$507.03
462.73
376.74
565.42
371.70
366.03
438.34
419.00
385.63
464.10
448.38
432.86
453.90

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

$508.57 $511.60 $543.97
459.79 472.58 475.57
380.80 391.77 388.44

591.54

571.41

459.02

382.97
386.11
434.70
408.41
398.39
451.85
448.16
446.61
457.18

384.22
387.19
458.41
431.28
409.84
487.92
455.18
442.53
485.57

561.96
372.54
370.54
450.97
422.73
393.68
487.08
447.53
436.31

12.11
13.94
14.66
10.84
10.94
11.44
11.96
10.20
13.25
13.56
11.51
10.78
13.81
11.62
9.60
9.80

12.12
13.95
14.70
10.92
10.96
11.46
11.83
10.23
13.18
13.53
11.60
10.77
13.95
11.74
9.57
9.74

12.27
14.13
14.91
10.84
11.13
11.68
11.93
10.26
13.51
13.75
11.78
11.09
14.10
11.90
9.70
9.91

12.27 $12.27 526.79
14.06 14.04 613.36
649.44
14.82
472.62
10.81
475.89
11.14
497.64
11.66
509.50
12.14
446.76
10.28
580.35
13.65
599.35
13.96
499.53
11.80
465.70
11.11
614.55
14.01
500.82
11.96
403.20
9.75
419.44
9.93

528.43
612.41
649.74
469.56
480.05
506.53
498.04
448.07
570.69
592.61
504.60
460.96
627.75
511.86
402.90
416.87

533.75
621.72
660.51
450.94
480.82
505.74
504.64
439.13
587.69
599.50
515.96
487.96
642.96
505.75
406.43
418.20

531.29
614.42
652.08
449.70
477.91
502.55
518.38
435.87
595.14
607.26
515.66
478.84
627.65
511.89
409.50
422.03

$531.29
619.16

10.24

10.25

10.47

10.48

13.47
14.34

13.41
14.27

13.71
14.65

10.15
9.30
10.55

9.55

10.41
9.64

10.64

10.76

9.29

9.31

9.41

8.91
8.94
9.50
10.11
8.03

8.87

9.42
9.12

9.54

9.06
9.28
9.85

10.19

10.39

8.03
10.25

8.34
10.46

9.84
10.45
8.33
10.43

10.11

10.48 428.03
595.37
636.70
426.78
381.82
448.56
379.03
367.09
357.60
387.60
424.62
321.20
430.68
388.05
347.90
427.57
387.81
472.56
536.54
561.17
639.52
386.38
334.15
332.51
336.60
465.75
442.00
392.50
432.97
342.35

428.45
588.70
627.88
421.23
380.37
436.77
375.19
360.12
356.18
390.19
425.94
324.41
432.55
389.08
360.05
433.73
393.81
478.69
539.84
558.99
646.15
382.45
334.97
334.15
335.38
466.58
442.82
390.10
431.95
340.23

436.60
601.92
647.35
424.36
395.37
434.11
382.05
377.80
362.85
400.90
425.99
325.26
444.55
407.20
366.83
445.44
404.16
491.40
538.36
591.40
622.42
390.83
349.83
350.26
349.40
478.25
463.91
399.92
443.73
344.40

435.97
600.50
646.07
424.73
392.35
435.78
384.34
381.22
366.96
403.44
433.68
333.20
440.15
405.41
377.70
437.25
396.98
482.90
540.54
578.59
630.19
393.57
348.57
345.68
353.08
482.69
474.13
396.62
437.02
342.07

435.97

10.21
9.29
10.68

13.68
14.58
10.30

11.27 465.19

463.86
602.45
592.25
604.78
424.87
467.15

479.25
603.60
613.35
601.44
440.96
484.92

478.55
602.54
605.91
602.30
435.31
479.36

476.72

10.23

9.04

9.85

10.18

8.89
10.04

9.08
10.24

9.30

9.31

10.74
12.42
12.99
14.18
9.47

10.83
12.41
12.88

9.60
10.92
12.52
13.38

9.75
8.83

9.99

8.19
8.21
8.15

14.17
9.42
8.19
8.19
8.18

11.25

11.27

10.86

10.88

9.29

9.28

10.24
9.52
11.00
12.60

13.24

14.05

14.29

9.65

9.67
8.44
8.37

8.45
8.44
8.46

11.58
11.26

8.57
11.52
11.37

9.39

9.40

9.66

9.65

10.26
8.35

10.26
8.38

10.54
8.61

10.48
8.66

10.92
13.61
13.81
13.56
9.86
10.55

10.94
13.63
13.87
13.56
9.95
10.69

11.25
13.94
14.10
13.89
10.40
11.33

11.26
13.98
14.19
13.91
10.34
11.20

604.28
595.21
607.49
429.90
466.31

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

106




1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

43.5
44.3
42.7
44.7
42.8
41.1
43.2
42.5
44.5
43.8
42.2
42.5
42.2
42.6
42.5
39.3
43.0
44.3
44.2
42.3
40.9
44.5
41.7
41.1
41.6
41.8
42.4
42.0
43.1
41.9

43.2
43.8
41.6
45.3
42.5
41.0
42.9
42.4
43.8
43.4
41.8
43.0
42.2
42.2
42.3
40.3
42.9
43.7
44.4
42.8
41.2
43.7
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.9
42.6
41.8
42.8
41.6

42.8
43.2
42.1
42.8
43.1
41.1
43.9
44.8
44.3
44.2
42.7
43.3
42.3
42.0
42.8
39.4
43.0
42.9
44.5
42.9
41.0
43.6
42.6
42.0
42.0
41.5
42.0
42.1
43.1
42.0

42.5
42.8
42.0
42.2
43.7
40.9
43.6
44.2
44.2
44.0
42.5
43.3
42.3
42.4
42.8
39.2
42.7
42.5
43.5
43.2
41.2
42.8
42.9
41.9
41.9
41.5
42.1
42.1
43.1
42.0

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

40.8
42.3
42.2
42.3
41.9
42.1
40.8
39.5
39.7
39.9
39.9
40.2
40.4
40.2
40.4
38.3
40.3
39.8
40.9
42.8
40.2
40.4
42.8
40.1
40.4
41.8
40.8
42.5

40.7
41.7
41.3
42.1
41.6
41.5
40.9
39.3
40.5
40.1
39.3
40.0
40.3
39.5
40.3
38.4
41.3
41.1
40.8
42.5
40.2
40.4
41.3
40.2
40.5
41.9
41.2
42.6

40.5
41.8
42.2
41.4
41.6
41.6
40.6
38.5
39.2
39.7
38.9
39.9
41.5
39.3
40.2
38.5
40.6
40.1
40.8
41.7
40.4
40.0
41.0
39.5
40.5
41.7
40.3
42.3

40.7
41.4
41.7
41.1
41.8
41.9
40.3
39.7
39.8
40.8
40.3
40.0
41.3
40.0
40.1
37.2
39.9
39.8
41.2
41.8
40.9
40.4
40.4
40.2
40.9
41.8
41.6
42.3

Average overtime hours
May
1989P

40.5

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

4.4
4.1
4.8
6.4
4.4
3.0
5.0
4.0
5.8
5.9
4.3
3.5
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.8
4.7
4.6
6.1
5.4
2.5
5.7
4.7
2.9
2.9
3.5
3.8
4.4
5.3
4.3

4.2
3.8
3.9
6.6
4.4
2.7
5.0
4.1
5.2
5.6
4.5
3.8
4.5
4.1
3.6
4.8
4.5
4.4
6.1
4.8
2.8
5.3
4.6
2.8
2.7
3.7
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.3

4.3
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.4
2.8
5.7
5.6
6.3
6.2
4.9
4.5
4.8
4.3
4.0
4.7
4.7
4.4
6.2
4.3
2.6
5.3
4.6
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.7
5.1
4.7

4.2
4.4
3.8
4.5
5.5
2.8
5.5
5.4
5.6
6.1
5.0
4.1
4.6
4.4
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.0
5.7
4.3
2.9
5.0
4.6
2.8
2.8
3.2
3.7
4.5
4.6
4.5

3.0
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.7
4.1
2.4
2.3
3.0
1.7
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.4
1.7
3.0
2.3
2.5
3.3
2.2
3.1
2.7
3.4
3.1
3.7
2.6
4.7

3.0
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.2
2.3
2.5
3.7
1.9
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.3
1.8
3.3
2.7
2.5
3.2
2.2
3.2
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.8
2.7
4.9

3.0
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.9
2.4
2.6
3.8
2.0
2.5
2.7
3.5
2.3
3.2
1.9
3.3
3.0
2.5
3.3
2.2
3.1
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.5
2.1
4.7

2.9
2.8
3.1
2.5
3.6
4.0
2.5
2.8
3.5
2.3
2.8
2.6
3.1
2.6
3.0
1.4
3.3
2.9
2.3
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.6
3.5
3.0
3.3
2.5
4.5

May
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuitural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
...
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

$11.05 $11.06 $11.28 $11.31
12.66
12.29
12.66
12.28
11.23
11.38
11.35
11.42
11.06
10.91
10.83
10.81
10.33
10.37
9.82
9.82
9.97
9.91
9.83
9.83
11.73
11.69
11.31
11.33
11.57
11.60
11.20
11.18
12.11
12.08
11.81
11.78
12.55
12.51
12.11
12.15
10.62
10.51
10.15
10.10
9.33
9.35
8.81
8.87
11.46
11.43
11.06
11.03
11.53
11.42
11.07
11.00
9.56
9.57
9.10
9.16
12.48
12.52
12.12
12.06
10.82
10.82
10.61
10.60
11.37
11.42
11.25
11.29
11.26
11.32
11.15
11.11
10.63
10.57
10.48
10.53
9.62
9.53
9.39
9.28
11.11
11.06
10.52
10.53
10.33
10.31
10.58
10.58
11.00
10.97
10.65
10.60
11.00
10.94
10.67
10.60
10.70
10.74
10.63
10.57
10.91
10.92
10.86
10.79
10.95
10.96
10.58
10.58
13.01
13.27
12.76
12.98
10.67
10.65
10.27
10.23
10.09
9.33
9.17
9.49
10.02
10.03
9.81
10.05
11.54
11.85
7.41
9.46
10.73
9.03
9.34
6.91
9.43
9.81
12.05
11.51
12.27
9.13
11.26
11.04
8.17
10.69
11.11
11.43

10.12
9.35
9.20
9.50
10.06
10.06
9.90
10.15
11.63
11.81
7.47
9.51
10.65
9.13
9.24
7.05
9.50
9.88
12.06
11.54
12.27
9.14
11.30
11.05
8.20
10.73
11.02
11.47

10.30
9.40
9.22
9.58
10.07
10.08
9.81
10.22
11.95
11.97
7.54
9.69
10.86
9.55
9.33
7.06
9.46
9.96
12.30
11.71
12.54
9.48
12.01
11.57
8.43
11.03
11.43
11.94

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

$480.68
544.00
487.63
483.21
420.30
404.01
489.46
475.15
524.21
532.17
426.22
376.98
465.47
468.60
389.30
473.96
455.80
500.15
491.06
445.42
379.55
468.59
441.19
435.66
440.96
441.83
457.50
444.36
559.44
428.64

$477.79
538.30
473.41
494.22
417.35
403.03
485.20
474.88
517.28
525.57
424.27
378.83
466.73
467.15
384.93
488.44
455.17
491.63
495.06
448.54
386.87
459.72
439.07
437.72
440.67
445.40
462.64
442.24
546.13
427.23

$482.78
546.91
477.84
463.52
446.95
407.30
513.19
519.68
535.14
552.94
448.78
404.86
483.49
479.64
409.60
493.29
465.26
489.92
503.74
453.45
390.73
482.22
439.21
460.74
459.48
445.71
458.64
461.42
571.94
447.30

$480.68
541.85
471.66
466.73
451.42
407.77
511.43
511.39
535.26
552.20
451.35
403.99
484.76
488.87
409.17
489.22
462.01
483.23
489.81
459.22
396.34
475.51
443.16
460.90
460.90
444.05
459.31
461.00
560.73
448.14

411.88
389.90
379.96
399.95
418.50
417.49
404.91
398.90
471.02
473.58
293.57
380.40
429.20
360.64
372.37
270.72
392.35
406.07
492.05
490.45
493.25
369.26
466.69
444.21
332.10
449.59
454.02
488.62

417.15
392.92
389.08
396.61
418.91
419.33
398.29
393.47
468.44
475.21
293.31
386.63
450.69
375.32
375.07
271.81
384.08
399.40
501.84
488.31
506.62
379.20
492.41
457.02
341.42
459.95
460.63
505.06

418.80
388.75
384.47
392.92
421.76
423.19
397.76
404.54
473.22
494.90
301.04
389.60
450.58
380.80
375.74
265.98
383.04
398.00
504.70
483.21
512.07
381.78
483.99
462.70
343.97
461.05
481.31
502.95

10.29 $10.31 411.67
394.66
9.39
386.97
9.22
401.43
9.56
419.84
10.09
422.26
10.10
400.25
9.87
396.98
10.19
458.14
11.89
472.82
12.13
295.66
7.47
380.29
9.74
433.49
10.91
363.01
9.52
377.34
9.37
264.65
7.15
380.03
9.60
390.44
10.00
492.85
12.25
492.63
11.56
493.25
12.52
368.85
9.45
481.93
11.98
442.70
11.51
330.07
8.41
446.84
11.03
453.29
11.57
485.78
11.89

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

$417.56

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371

3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376

3761
379
3792

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.

Apr.
1989P

May
1989 P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989 P

42.9
44.1
44.2
42.8
44.5
40.2
41.7
41.3
41.2
42.7
40.8
41.1
40.3
42.7
42.5
42.4
40.9
39.8

43.0
44.2
44.3
43.2
44.6
40.3
42.0
41.6
41.7
43.0
40.6
41.0
40.0
42.2
42.8
42.7
39.6
38.8

43.3
44.2
44.9
43.6
44.2
40.5
42.9
42.7
42.7
43.5
40.8
41.6
39.8
42.5
43.0
43.0
39.6
37.8

43.0
43.7
44.0
43.4
44.0
40.2
42.9
42.8
43.1
43.1
41.1
41.6
40.4
42.7
42.3
42.5
40.1
38.9

42.3
42.7

4.8
5.7
5.7
4.2
6.1
2.4
4.1
3.7
3.8
5.1
3.1
3.0
3.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
3.6
3.0

4.8
5.7
5.6
4.9
6.1
2.7
4.3
3.9
4.1
5.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.7
4.1
4.2
2.7
1.7

5.1
5.6
5.9
4.5
5.8
2.7
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.5
3.3
3.6
3.0
4.0
4.2
4.1
3.0
2.0

4.9
5.3
5.5
3.8
5.7
2.7
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.3
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.0
2.3

41.2
41.5
41.3
39.4
43.8
40.5
42.6
41.0
41.1
40.7
40.3
41.9
38.8

41.2
42.1
41.2
40.2
43.9
40.3
42.8
40.1
40.1
39.7
41.0
42.9
39.2

41.3
42.0
40.7
39.9
42.4
39.9
42.5
40.6
40.6
40.4
39.8
45.1
39.1

40.9

3.0
3.0
2.6
2.3
3.4
2.3
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.1
4.3
1.2

2.9
2.9
2.6
2.1
3.7
2.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.9
1.2

2.9
2.8
2.8
2.3
3.9
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.5
1.0

2.8
2.5
2.5
2.1
3.5
1.8
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
4.7
1.2

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments .
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.5
42.2
41.2
39.2
42.8
40.9
42.8
41.3
41.8
40.8
39.8
43.3
38.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.1
38.2
37.2
41.6
39.0
37.9
39.9
39.8
38.1
37.0
39.5
39.8

39.1
37.6
36.5
40.6
39.1
37.4
40.3
40.1
38.1
37.3
39.5
39.6

39.4
38.0
37.6
39.3
39.4
37.7
40.6
40.6
38.3
36.6
39.8
39.6

39.6
37.9
37.5
39.3
39.9
38.4
40.9
40.4
38.9
38.0
40.0
39.6

39.5

2.3
1.9
1.6
3.0
2.4
1.4
3.0
2.2
1.6
.9
2.6
2.7

2.3
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.3
1.3
3.1
2.6
1.8
1.5
2.6
2.7

2.4
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.5
1.5
3.2
2.9
2.1
1.9
2.6
2.7

2.4
1.6
1.4
2.1
2.5
1.5
3.1
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.8

39.9
39.5
38.9
40.4
39.7
37.4
40.7
38.7
41.8
38.8
39.0
38.7
38.0
43.3
44.8
42.6
39.6
38.9
41.4

39.9
40.0
39.8
41.4
40.9
38.1
41.1
39.6
41.9
39.1
39.4
40.5
37.0
43.9
45.7
42.6
40.5
39.5
42.9

39.9
39.9
39.2
40.1
40.9
38.0
40.9
39.7
41.7
39.8
41.9
38.4
39.2
44.0
44.3
43.0
38.9
38.1
41.0

40.1
40.0
39.8
41.0
40.5
38.5
41.2
40.1
41.9
39.4
41.5
38.7
39.3
43.5
43.4
42.5
39.0
38.6
40.1

40.0
40.5

3.4
3.5
3.3
3.9
3.9
2.5
3.9
3.1
4.2
3.2
4.5
3.4
3.0
5.4
5.3
5.1
3.6
3.9
2.7

3.4
3.8
4.0
4.9
4.7
3.0
4.1
3.5
4.4
3.1
4.3
3.7
2.3
5.5
5.8
5.3
4.1
4.4
3.5

3.6
3.8
3.5
4.1
4.4
2.8
4.1
3.7
4.4
3.7
5.3
3.1
3.0
6.0
5.4
6.1
3.4
3.5
3.2

3.5
3.8
3.7
4.6
4.2
2.9
4.2
3.7
4.6
3.3
3.8
3.4
3.1
5.4
4.9
5.7
3.6
3.9
2.8

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

108




381

20
201
2011
2013

2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205

2051
2052

May
1989P

3.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies

Watches, clocks, and watchcases
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May

Mar.

1989

Apr.
1989 P

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

$13.23 $13.26 $13.65 $13.60 $13.54 $567.57 $570.18 $591.05
14.02 14.03 14.28 14.19 14.08 618.28 620.13 631.18
709.41 714.12 737.71
16.05 16.12 16.43 16.38
505.47 512.78 512.74
11.81 11.87 11.76 11.63
583.84 584.71 587.86
13.12 13.11 13.30 13.18
9.25
9.43
9.25
371.85 372.78 381.92
9.48
13.42 13.48 14.11 14.10
559.61 566.16 605.32
(2)
(2)
$13.55 $13.64 $14.35 $14.16
$558.26 $568.79 $612.75
12.49 12.50 12.93 12.97
533.32 537.50 562.46
10.22 10.27 10.48 10.43
416.98 416.96 427.58
11.45 11.53 11.72 11.65
470.60 472.73 487.55
8.65
8.24
332.07 332.00 344.27
8.67
8.30
12.02 11.88 12.62 12.76
513.25 501.34 536.35
13.00 12.98 13.54 13.58
552.50 555.54 582.22
2
2
()
()
$416.36 $400.75 $412.63
$10.18 $10.12 $10.42 $10.21
9.29
349.84 335.23 351.16
8.79
9.10
8.64
9.92
10.97
9.71
9.24
9.46
9.92
10.49

9.90

10.17

10.22

10.21 411.68

11.04

11.35

11.38

9.66
9.14
9.38
9.83
10.56

9.95
9.37
9.58
10.00
11.23
9.19
9.31
9.02
7.64
13.68
7.47

462.93
400.05
362.21
404.89
405.73
448.97
365.51
379.13
349.66
295.32
596.67
283.19

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

$584.80 $572.74
620.10 601.22
720.72
504.74
579.92
381.10
604.89
$610.30
559.01
428.67
484.64
350.27
544.85
574.43

$409.42
353.99

407.88
458.16
398.96
360.12
410.84
398.12
449.86
364.08
375.65
347.99
301.85
574.03
283.24

419.00
477.84
409.12
376.27
414.86
407.03
476.79
369.72
376.94
357.70
314.06
577.86
291.26

422.09
477.96
404.97
373.86
406.19
399.00
477.28
373.11
377.99
364.41
304.07
616.97
292.08

417.59

13.78
7.28

7.49
13.70
7.30

9.93
9.36
9.45
10.10
11.14
9.22
9.40
9.01
7.66
13.47
7.43

7.95
8.57
8.71
7.93
7.27
7.04
7.42
7.72
6.59
6.10
8.72
9.04

7.97
8.62
8.76
7.92
7.29
7.03
7.46
7.81
6.64
6.13
8.72
9.08

8.23
8.82
8.84
8.10
7.50
7.47
7.52
8.10
6.98
6.51
8.99
9.19

8.23
8.88
8.94
8.18
7.49
7.44
7.52
8.05
6.97
6.51
8.99
9.22

8.27 310.85

327.37
324.01
329.89
283.53
266.82
296.06
307.26
251.08
225.70
344.44
359.79

311.63
324.11
319.74
321.55
285.04
262.92
300.64
313.18
252.98
228.65
344.44
359.57

324.26
335.16
332.38
318.33
295.50
281.62
305.31
328.86
267.33
238.27
357.80
363.92

325.91
336.55
335.25
321.47
298.85
285.70
307.57
325.22
271.13
247.38
359.60
365.11

326.67

9.37
9.14
7.57

9.38
9.14
7.62

9.65
9.30

8.53

9.04
6.30
9.74
9.16
10.11
8.53
10.50
8.66
7.73
11.13

9.07
6.34
9.78
9.26
10.13
8.54
10.59
8.60

9.68 373.86
9.32 361.03
294.47
341.38
358.89
235.62
396.42
354.49
422.60
330.96
409.50
335.14
293.74
481.93
474.43
370.19
405.11
396.78
426.83

374.26
365.60
303.28
353.14
370.96
241.55
401.96
366.70
424.45
333.91
417.25
348.30
289.34
490.80
491.28
369.34
411.89
401.32
437.15

385.43
372.27
301.84
341.65
374.24
247.76
409.82
371.99
435.35
347.85
455.87
340.99
307.72
494.56
480.21
375.39
405.73
395.86
431.32

386.97
372.00
305.66
346.86
370.17
252.18
413.65
373.33
439.53
343.96
439.90
341.33
313.61
486.33
462.64
373.58
405.60
400.67
419.45

387.20
377.46

8.45

9.66
9.33
7.70
8.52
9.15
6.52
10.02
9.37
10.44
8.74
10.88

8.85

8.88

9.07
8.57
7.42

9.14

10.59

8.69
10.23
10.20
10.31

8.55

7.82
11.18
10.75
8.67
10.17

10.16
10.19

8.88
7.85

11.24
10.84
8.73

10.43
10.39

10.52

7.68

8.46
9.14
6.55
10.04
9.31
10.49
8.73

10.60
8.82
7.98
11.18
10.66
8.79
10.40
10.38
10.46

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

209

38.5
39.5
37.3
42.7
41.0
43.5
40.8
37.3

39.3
40.4
38.1
42.3
40.9
43.2
40.7
37.4

40.2
43.7
38.7
43.4
41.1
44.0
39.6
37.8

39.3
42.1
37.7
43.3
41.4
43.5
40.5
38.3

Tobacco manufactures.
Cigarettes

21
211

38.5
38.8

39.4
39.5

36.3
36.4

38.9
39.1

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225

41.0
41.6
41.4
42.4
41.3
39.4
38.3
38.8
38.8
37.4
41.9
42.1
42.9
42.3
42.4
40.9
41.4
38.2
42.8

40.7
40.0
41.3
41.3
40.9
39.5
38.2
38.7
39.2
38.6
41.1
41.7
41.7
42.2
42.2
40.5
40.7
39.0
43.1

41.0
41.2
40.9
41.6
42.3
39.8
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.4
41.4
42.6
42.7
42.4
41.4
41.0
41.2
39.1
42.1

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

36.8
36.7
36.7
37.0
36.4
35.8
35.9
35.1
36.0
35.6
36.0
37.3
37.3
37.3
35.8
34.8
38.1
38.7
35.7
37.6
42.0

36.8
36.7
36.6
37.0
36.6
35.3
35.8
35.7
35.7
36.3
35.7
37.1
37.2
36.6
36.8
35.4
38.3
38.6
36.1
37.6
41.5

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

43.0
45.1
45.2
44.7
41.5
43.1
40.5
41.5
42.4
41.7
43.1
42.5

43.1
45.5
45.6
45.1
41.4
43.1
41.0
41.1
42.2
41.4
42.6
43.6

Cane and beet sugar

,

Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

See footnotes at end of table.

110




206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226

2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

2328
233
2331
2335
2337

Average overtime hours
May
1989 P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

2.3
3.3
1.8
5.0
4.3
6.8
3.7
3.2

2.3
3.2
1.9
4.9
4.3
6.5
3.9
3.3

3.4
6.4
2.5
5.2
3.6
6.1
2.8
3.5

2.7
3.7
2.2
5.1
3.9
5.6
3.5
3.6

40.3

2.2
2.5

2.5
2.8

1.5
1.6

1.6
1.7

41.2
41.6
41.3
41.3
42.3
40.2
38.3
39.4
39.8
40.1
42.1
43.3
43.3
43.1
41.6
41.1
41.5
39.4
41.6

41.3

3.8
4.7
4.1
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.4
1.9
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.8
3.8
4.2
4.5
2.7
4.6

3.6
3.9
3.9
2.7
3.0
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.6
1.6
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.7
3.4
4.2
4.3
3.5
4.5

4.0
4.3
4.0
3.4
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.2
3.5
2.3
4.6
5.0
4.4
5.1
4.0
4.1
4.4
2.3
4.0

4.1
4.5
4.1
3.3
4.1
3.7
2.5
3.2
3.8
2.3
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.4
4.1
4.1
4.4
2.6
3.8

36.9
36.1
36.9
36.7
36.3
36.3
35.9
36.1
35.5
35.7
36.0
37.6
37.9
36.1
35.4
34.1
38.1
38.9
38.2
38.0
42.6

37.1
36.1
37.0
37.2
36.3
36.9
35.7
36.0
35.1
35.8
35.8
37.6
37.9
36.1
36.3
35.2
37.8
39.5
38.8
38.5
42.1

36.9

1.7
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.1
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.2
2.6
1.2
1.2
2.0
2.6
1.1
1.8
5.5

1.6
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.1
2.5
1.4
1.1
2.2
2.5
1.2
1.6
4.9

2.0
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
2.5
2.9
2.1
2.4
5.8

1.9
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.1
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.0
3.0
2.2
2.4
5.5

43.0
45.3
45.5
44.2
41.5
43.8
41.2
40.9
42.2
42.5
42.8
39.9

43.0
45.5
45.7
43.9
41.4
43.5
40.6
40.5
42.4
42.1
43.0
41.9

43.2

4.9
6.4
6.5
7.4
3.6
3.9
3.0
4.1
4.4
4.0
4.8
4.6

4.9
6.4
6.5
8.4
3.6
3.8
2.7
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.4
4.9

4.9
6.6
6.8
6.4
3.7
4.1
2.8
3.9
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.4

4.8
6.5
6.6
6.3
3.5
4.1
2.8
3.6
4.4
4.3
4.8
4.5

May
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989 P

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

$370.37
433.32
315.93
397.96
498.15
719.93
391.68
320.03

$375.71
442.78
321.18
396.77
496.94
724.03
390.72
320.52

$398.38
512.16
339.01
417.94
529.37
794.20
403.92
329.24

$391.82
494.25
331.01
417.85
530.33
777.35
415.94

Apr.
1989 P

May
1989P

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.62
10.97
8.47
9.32
12.15
16.55
9.60
8.58

$9.56
10.96
8.43
9.38
12.15
16.76
9.60
8.57

$9.91
11.72
8.76
9.63
12.88
18.05
10.20
8.71

$9.97
11.74
8.78
9.65
12.81
17.87
10.27
8.69

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

15.11
17.23

15.38
17.52

15.34
18.21

15.80 $16.09 581.74
18.04
668.52

605.97
692.04

556.84
662.84

614.62 $648.43
705.36

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.35
7.72
7.91
7.98
6.80
6.64
6.51
6.35
6.38
6.46
7.48
7.74
7.77
7.99
7.69
7.02
7.00
7.18
8.34

7.31
7.63
7.92
7.95
6.72
6.61
6.50
6.35
6.33
6.39
7.44
7.72
7.73
7.99
7.64
7.02
6.99
7.26
8.28

7.59
7.90
8.20
8.20
7.15
6.88
6.83
6.67
6.46
6.77
7.78
8.03
8.01
8.43
7.86
7.31
7.32
7.33
8.53

7.61
7.94
8.21
8.41
7.14
6.88
6.83
6.67
6.47
6.81
7.74
8.05
8.04
8.37
7.83
7.32
7.32
7.36
8.60

7.61 301.35
321.15
327.47
338.35
280.84
261.62
249.33
246.38
247.54
241.60
313.41
325.85
333.33
337.98
326.06
287.12
289.80
274.28
356.95

297.52
305.20
327.10
328.34
274.85
261.10
248.30
245.75
248.14
246.65
305.78
321.92
322.34
337.18
322.41
284.31
284.49
283.14
356.87

311.19
325.48
335.38
341.12
302.45
273.82
266.37
260.13
254.52
266.74
322.09
342.08
342.03
357.43
325.40
299.71
301.58
286.60
359.11

313.53
330.30
339.07
347.33
302.02
276.58
261.59
262.80
257.51
273.08
325.85
348.57
348.13
360.75
325.73
300.85
303.78
289.98
357.76

314.29

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.07
6.80
5.55
5.42
5.40
5.55
5.83
5.08
6.08
6.50
5.77
5.68
5.50
6.61
5.39
5.40
5.89
7.37
5.93
6.12
11.37

6.07
6.76
5.56
5.44
5.38
5.58
5.83
5.11
6.15
6.49
5.74
5.67
5.49
6.62
5.37
5.35
5.90
7.40
5.97
6.16
11.34

6.34
7.07
5.79
5.68
5.59
5.72
6.10
5.33
6.58
6.27
6.05
5.94
5.77
6.84
5.65
5.68
6.14
7.60
6.26
6.36
11.67

6.33
7.04
5.79
5.66
5.61
5.69
6.05
5.26
6.48
6.38
6.00
5.91
5.75
6.72
5.63
5.67
6.11
7.64
6.25
6.36
11.79

6.33 223.38
249.56
203.69
200.54
196.56
198.69
209.30
178.31
218.88
231.40
207.72
211.86
205.15
246.55
192.96
187.92
224.41
285.22
211.70
230.11
477.54

223.38
248.09
203.50
201.28
196.91
196.97
208.71
182.43
219.56
235.59
204.92
210.36
204.23
242.29
197.62
189.39
225.97
285.64
215.52
231.62
470.61

233.95
255.23
213.65
208.46
202.92
207.64
218.99
192.41
233.59
223.84
217.80
223.34
218.68
246.92
200.01
193.69
233.93
295.64
239.13
241.68
497.14

234.84
254.14
214.23
210.55
203.64
209.96
215.99
189.36
227.45
228.40
214.80
222.22
217.93
242.59
204.37
199.58
230.96
301.78
242.50
244.86
496.36

233.58

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.61
14.18
14.20
14.59
10.05
11.28
9.58
9.27
9.96
10.36
10.07
9.70

11.66
14.27
14.31
14.62
10.11
11.30
9.63
9.36
9.92
10.30
10.04
9.72

11.84
14.56
14.60
14.56
10.29
11.38
9.66
9.51
10.12
10.58
10.29
9.78

11.82
14.56
14.60
14.49
10.29
11.47
9.76
9.42
10.10
10.57
10.25
9.93

11.94 499.23
639.52
641.84
652.17
417.08
486.17
387.99
384.71
422.30
432.01
434.02
412.25

502.55
649.29
652.54
659.36
418.55
487.03
394.83
384.70
418.62
426.42
427.70
423.79

509.12
659.57
664.30
643.55
427.04
498.44
397.99
388.96
427.06
449.65
440.41
390.22

508.26
662.48
667.22
636.11
426.01
498.95
396.26
381.51
428.24
445.00
440.75
416.07

515.81

Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

332.83

See footnotes at end of table.




111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ..
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Average overtime hours
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

38.0
33.3
38.0
39.8
38.6
41.7
36.6
39.4
39.1
39.3
41.1
39.3
38.1

37.5
33.2
38.0
39.5
38.7
40.8
35.7
38.6
38.7
38.5
41.3
38.7
38.3

37.9
33.0
37.7
39.9
39.4
40.7
36.8
39.4
38.9
39.4
40.8
38.6
38.6

37.8
33.0
37.8
39.5
39.3
39.9
36.5
39.2
39.0
39.1
40.7
38.5
39.1

37.5

3.0
1.3
3.0
3.9
3.2
5.1
2.5
3.5
3.0
3.6
3.5
2.8
3.5

2.8
1.3
3.2
3.7
3.1
4.7
1.9
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.8
2.8
3.7

3.1
1.3
2.9
3.9
3.7
4.2
2.2
3.7
3.0
4.0
3.4
3.0
4.2

2.9
1.2
3.0
3.9
3.6
4.4
1.8
3.4
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.0
4.1

42.1
42.6
42.6
43.1
43.5
42.8
40.9
40.7
39.9
43.7
41.1
37.2
42.2
43.7
41.7
44.2
43.3
42.1

42.3
42.8
42.8
43.2
43.8
43.1
41.0
40.5
40.2
42.7
40.8
38.5
41.5
45.0
43.5
45.4
43.1
42.0

42.5
43.0
42.7
43.0
43.6
42.9
41.8
41.2
40.0
42.3
40.8
38.4
41.4
45.1
43.5
45.5
44.8
42.1

42.3

4.1
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.7
4.1
2.9
2.9
3.2
5.3
2.9
2.3
4.2
5.2
5.0
5.3
5.3
3.8

4.0
4.0
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.4
2.9
2.9
3.1
4.6
3.0
2.3
4.0
5.1
4.4
5.3
5.2
3.7

4.2
4.2
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.7
3.5
3.5
2.9
4.9
3.1
1.8
3.3
5.8
4.6
6.1
5.1
3.8

4.3
4.2
4.1
4.9
5.3
4.6
3.6
3.6
2.8
4.6
2.9
1.7
3.4
6.0
5.7
6.1
5.9
3.5

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819

2861,9
287
289

42.2
42.9
43.2
43.1
43.6
42.6
41.1
40.9
39.8
43.1
40.9
37.4
42.3
43.9
42.6
44.3
43.4
42.0

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

44.4
44.6
44.9

44.1
43.8
46.6

43.2
43.5
42.4

44.2
44.8
43.0

43.6

5.6
5.3
7.8

5.4
4.8
8.6

5.3
5.4
5.5

5.7
5.8
6.0

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.8
45.2
39.1

41.7
45.2
39.7

41.5
44.9
39.5

41.4
44.4
40.1

41.2

4.3
6.3
1.8

4.2
6.1
1.6

4.1
6.1
1.9

4.0
5.9
1.7

303,4
306
307

44.4
41.8
41.4

44.0
41.6
41.2

43.2
41.0
41.1

42.5
41.2
41.1

4.6
3.9
4.1

4.2
3.7
4.1

4.5
3.3
4.0

4.1
3.3
3.8

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31

36.9
41.4
36.4
37.1
35.0
39.7
35.8

37.6
41.2
37.3
37.4
37.1
39.7
35.6

37.4
41.8
36.7
36.8
36.9
40.1
35.1

37.9
41.7
37.4
37.4
37.4
40.0
35.5

37.3

1.9
4.4
1.5
.9
1.9
3.2
2.4

1.9
4.1
1.6
.9
2.1
2.8
2.0

1.8
4.8
1.4
1.2
1.9
2.3
1.4

1.8
4.3
1.4
1.1
2.0
2.3
1.3

39.2

39.1

39.2

39.7

39.5

4011

44.4

45.0

45.1

44.8

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

33.8
38.3
39.3

34.4
38.5
39.4

33.7
37.8
39.2

34.1
37.9
40.2

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

37.9
37.8
38.3

38.0
37.9
38.3

38.0
38.0
38.9

38.2
38.1
39.0

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

42.6

40.9

41.2

42.1

282

2821
2824
283
2834
284

2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

311
314
3143
3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities .
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

See footnotes at end of table.

112




May
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
,
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

$10.39 $10.43 $10.79 $10.73 $10.77 $394.82
347.32
10.43 10.45 10.73 10.71
409.64
11.48
11.30
10.85
10.78
9.47
9.39
368.15
9.31
9.25
9.03
341.22
9.07
8.95
8.84
9.94 10.09
9.85
411.16
9.86
9.73 10.20 10.01
9.70
355.02
419.22
10.69 11.08 10.97
10.64
10.27 10.30 10.62 10.67
401.56
422.87
10.76 10.82 11.28 11.09
447.58
10.89 10.92 11.26 11.21
328.94
8.60
8.62
8.37
8.31
489.20
12.84 12.83 13.49 13.50

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989 P

$391.13
346.94
412.30
367.75
346.37
401.88
347.36
412.63
398.61
416.57
451.00
321.60
491.39

$408.94 $405.59 $403.88
354.09 353.43
426.01 433.94
374.66 374.07
355.78 356.45
404.56 402.59
375.36 365.37
436.55 430.02
413.12 416.13
444.43 433.62
459.41 456.25
332.73 331.10
520.71 527.85

12.56
13.76
13.78
12.90
13.71
12.29
11.95
11.69
11.01
14.51
10.23
9.20
11.17
15.06
14.90
15.10
11.89
11.50

12.58
13.74
13.77
13.02
13.81
12.45
12.01
11.71
11.02
14.39
10.29
9.29
11.21
14.99
14.80
15.04
11.94
11.40

12.91
14.05
14.08
13.24
14.20
12.46
12.47
12.34
11.13
14.86
10.27
9.34
11.58
15.38
15.16
15.44
12.49
11.72

12.90
14.16
14.20
13.21
14.14
12.48
12.33
12.24
11.16
14.85
10.32
9.37
11.61
15.38
15.27
15.41
12.32
11.73

12.93 530.03

529.62
585.32
586.60
561.16
600.74
532.86
491.21
476.60
439.70
628.84
422.92
345.59
473.06
655.06
617.16
664.77
517.00
479.94

546.09
601.34
602.62
571.97
621.96
537.03
511.27
499.77
447.43
634.52
419.02
359.59
480.57
692.10
659.46
700.98
538.32
492.24

548.25
608.88
606.34
568.03
616.50
535.39
515.39
504.29
446.40
628.16
421.06
359.81
480.65
693.64
664.25
701.16
551.94
493.83

546.94

590.30
595.30
555.99
597.76
523.55
491.15
478.12
438.20
625.38
418.41
344.08
472.49
661.13
634.74
668.93
516.03
483.00

15.46
16.65
11.65

15.49
16.70
11.88

15.56 662.89
721.63
514.11

655.33
706.93
537.30

667.87
724.28
493.96

684.66
748.16
510.84

678.42

9.33

9.34
14.98
6.42

9.36 379.13
642.74
247.11

378.22
641.84
249.71

387.20
669.91
255.17

386.68
665.11
257.44

385.63

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

14.93
16.18
11.45

14.86
16.14
11.53

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.07
14.22

9.07
14.20

6.32

6.29

14.92
6.46

303,4
306
307

9.29
8.75
8.46

9.25
8.76
8.47

9.34
8.80
8.67

9.35
8.83
8.68

412.48
365.75
350.24

407.00
364.42
348.96

403.49
360.80
356.34

397.38
363.80
356.75

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311

6.28
8.49
5.98
6.31
5.70
6.44
5.88

6.26
8.49
5.94
6.25
5.67
6.27
6.11

6.54
8.76
6.25
6.66
5.94
6.44
5.81

6.55
8.70
6.25
6.69
5.91
6.61
5.84

6.56 231.73

235.38
349.79
221.56
233.75
210.36
248.92
217.52

244.60
366.17
229.38
245.09
219.19
258.24
203.93

248.25
362.79
233.75
250.21
221.03
264.40
207.32

244.69

351.49
217.67
234.10
199.50
255.67
210.50

12.27

12.28

12.46

12.51

12.51 480.98

480.15

488.43

496.65

494.15

15.00

15.11

15.25

15.38

666.00

679.95

687.78

689.02

8.35
8.99
11.18

8.69
9.48

8.71
9.60

11.63

11.52

282.57
345.47
440.95

287.24
346.12
440.49

292.85
358.34
455.90

297.01
363.84
463.10

11.31
11.47

9.21

414.25
419.20
336.66

418.00
422.59
339.34

426.74
432.44
360.60

432.04
437.01
359.19

16.25

672.23

650.31

662.50

684.13

314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41

8.36

411
413

9.02
11.22

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.93

11.00

11.23

11.09
8.79

11.15
8.86

11.38
9.27

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.78

15.90

16.08

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

48
481
483

39.7
41.2
35.7

39.6
41.1
35.4

39.1
40.6
35.1

39.3
40.6
35.5

49
491
492
493
495

41.5
41.5
40.9
41.6
42.5

41.2
41.3
40.4
41.2
42.8

41.6
41.8
41.3
42.0
41.4

42.0
42.2
42.0
42.1
41.7

38.2

38.0

37.9

38.2

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

38.7
38.4
38.0
39.5
36.0
40.6
38.0
38.6
39.1
38.1

38.4
38.0
37.2
39.5
35.4
40.3
38.0
38.1
38.7
37.7

38.4
37.2
37.3
39.2
35.5
40.3
38.1
38.3
38.9
38.6

38.7
37.6
37.9
39.7
35.5
40.6
38.2
38.6
39.2
38.5

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51
511

37.5
37.0
36.7
36.8
37.6
39.6
38.6
35.8
37.5

37.4
36.7
36.5
36.4
37.7
39.7
38.4
35.8
37.4

37.0
37.0
36.8
36.3
37.5
39.6
38.0
36.0
36.3

37.3
37.4
36.8
35.9
37.7
39.9
38.4
36.2
36.9

28.9

28.9

28.5

28.9

512

513
514
516
517
518

519

Retail trade.
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.4
38.0
33.1

36.6
38.2
32.8

35.7
37.5
31.8

36.3
38.0
32.2

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

27.3
27.0
28.8
29.0

27.4
27.1
29.0
28.8

26.9
26.7
27.5
28.0

27.1
26.8
27.8
28.6

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries.

54
541
546

29.8
30.0
28.4

29.9
30.0
28.3

29.4
29.5
28.6

29.7
29.8
29.2

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.6
37.5
38.7
34.3

36.4
37.2
38.4
34.1

35.9
36.9
38.0
33.5

36.3
37.3
38.6
33.9

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
ODD

26.6
28.1
25.0
26.7
27.8

26.4
28.4
24.7
26.3
27.9

26.4
28.1
24.2
26.2
28.8

26.7
28.6
24.7
26.8
28.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

32.8
33.4
33.3
31.4

32.6
33.2
33.1
31.3

32.4
33.1
33.4
31.0

32.8
33.5
33.5
31.5

Eating and drinking places4 ...

58

25.7

25.7

25.1

25.7

See footnotes at end of table.

114




Average overtime hours
May
1989P

38.0

28.8

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

14.62
14.83
13.58
17.15
11.18

14.72
14.96
13.55
17.26
11.34

586.81
593.45
539.06
695.14
455.18

585.45
594.72
538.13
685.98
464.81

608.19
619.89
560.85
720.30
462.85

618.24
631.31
569.10
726.65
472.88

9.90

9.90

10.21

10.35 $10.24 378.18

376.20

386.96

395.37

10.60
9.67
9.62
9.99
9.69
10.91
11.04

391.64
352.90
355.68
374.86
352.44
432.39
401.66
365.16
422.67
303.66

388.22
348.84
352.28
376.44
347.98
426.78
401.28
363.47
416.41
298.58

400.51
351.91
358.08
386.51
329.09
432.82
413.39
374.96
435.68
319.99

410.22
363.59
364.60
396.60
344.00
442.95
421.73
386.39
444.92
324.17

359.63
381.84
411.41
349.60
365.85
487.87
373.65
396.66
292.13

358.67
379.11
406.61
345.80
366.82
483.55
373.25
399.53
291.35

365.93
399.60
408.48
357.56
377.25
495.40
372.40
409.68
294.39

371.88
408.78
422.83
359.36
380.39
500.75
381.70
418.47
299.63

181.20

181.49

184.68

188.14

10.11
9.18
9.47
9.53
9.83
10.59
10.56
9.54
10.76
7.92

10.43
9.46
9.60
9.86
9.27
10.74
10.85
9.79
11.20
8.29

11.35
8.42

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517

9.59
10.32
11.21
9.50
9.73
12.32
9.68
11.08
7.79

9.59
10.33
11.14
9.50
9.73
12.18
9.72
11.16
7.79

9.89
10.80
11.10
9.85
10.06
12.51
9.80
11.38

9.97
10.93
11.49
10.01
10.09
12.55
9.94
11.56

8.11

8.12

6.27

6.28

6.48

6.51

May
1989P

$501.81 $499.75 $506.35 $512.47
548.78 546.22 554.19 557.03
403.05 399.31 414.53 430.26

14.21
14.40
13.32
16.65
10.86

10.12
9.19
9.36
9.49
9.79
10.65
10.57
9.46
10.81
7.97

Retail trade

Apr.
1988

14.14
14.30
13.18
16.71
10.71

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

519

May
1989 P

$12.64 $12.62 $12.95 $13.04
13.32 13.29 13.65 13.72
11.29 11.28 11.81 12.12

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

518

Average weekly earnings

10.01

6.51

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.26
7.65
6.18

7.31
7.72
6.20

7.62
8.01
6.37

7.64
8.05
6.38

264.26
290.70
204.56

267.55
294.90
203.36

272.03
300.38
202.57

277.33
305.90
205.44

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.50
6.80
4.93
5.30

6.49
6.79
4.96
5.31

6.64
6.89
5.32
5.63

6.70
6.96
5.29
5.67

177.45
183.60
141.98
153.70

177.83
184.01
143.84
152.93

178.62
183.96
146.30
157.64

181.57
186.53
147.06
162.16

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

6.98
7.09
5.94

7.00
7.11
5.99

7.15
7.25
6.13

7.17
7.28
5.96

208.00
212.70
168.70

209.30
213.30
169.52

210.21
213.88
175.32

212.95
216.94
174.03

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

8.25
10.06

8.39

7.06
5.74

8.32
10.22
7.02
5.75

10.13
7.33
5.88

8.59
10.46
7.46
5.94

301.95
377.25
273.22
196.88

302.85
380.18
269.57
196.08

301.20
373.80
278.54
196.98

311.82
390.16
287.96
201.37

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.74
7.00
5.44
5.56
5.88

5.78
7.13
5.45
5.59
5.93

5.89
7.12
5.58
5.81
5.97

5.95
7.32
5.57
5.93
6.03

152.68
196.70
136.00
148.45
163.46

152.59
202.49
134.62
147.02
165.45

155.50
200.07
135.04
152.22
171.94

158.87
209.35
137.58
158.92
172.46

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.80
7.92
7.67
7.61

7.78
7.89
7.70
7.60

8.03
8.09
8.03
7.93

8.10
8.13
8.24
7.97

255.84
264.53
255.41
238.95

253.63
261.95
254.87
237.88

260.17
267.78
268.20
245.83

265.68
272.36
276.04
251.06

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.51

4.53

4.69

4.69

115.91

116.42

117.72

120.53

$389.12

187.49

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591

594
596
598

599

5

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

Average weekly hours
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

29.7
27.4
28.4
32.1
38.3
31.5

29.7
27.3
28.2
31.8
37.7
32.4

29.4
27.0
27.9
32.3
38.6
31.3

29.6
26.9
28.2
32.4
38.1
31.6

36.2

35.8

35.8

36.3

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks.

60
602

36.3
36.3

35.4
35.3

35.5
35.4

36.2
36.3

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations ...
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

36.7
36.1
36.8

36.1
35.7
36.1

36.4
35.6
36.1

37.1
36.3
36.6

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ...

63
631
632
633

37.4
37.0
38.1
37.1

37.1
36.6
37.5
37.2

37.2
37.0
38.0
37.0

37.5
37.3
38.1
37.4

32.6

32.4

32.4

32.8

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 4 .

701

31.2

31.5

30.8

31.5

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.4
30.2

34.5
30.2

34.0
30.0

34.2
30.3

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.7
36.9
29.1
38.2

33.7
36.4
29.2
37.9

33.6
36.8
29.5
37.9

33.9
37.4
30.0
38.1

Auto repair, services, and garages .
Automotive repair shops

75
753

36.2
38.0

36.2
37.5

36.7
38.2

36.6
38.0

Miscellaneous repair services .

76

38.1

38.1

37.7

38.0

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .

78
781

28.7
37.6

27.9
36.8

28.9
35.6

29.5
37.3

Amusement and recreation services .

79

27.7

27.9

27.5

27.6

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities .
Hospitals

80

806

32.3
31.3
28.4
31.4
33.8

32.2
31.1
28.0
31.5
33.8

32.2
31.1
28.3
31.3
33.8

32.5
31.7
28.8
31.9
33.8

Legal services

81

34.9

34.3

34.5

35.2

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
893

39.3
39.4
40.3

37.6
38.9
36.2

38.8
39.1
39.3

39.5
39.5
40.6

See footnotes at end of table.

116




801
802
805

Average overtime hours
May
1989P

35.6

32.4

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
May
1989P

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

$194.83
169.33
175.80
236.26
350.45
208.53

$194.54
170.35
173.71
236.27
342.32
212.87

$199.33
173.07
178.00
246.45
365.54
215.34

$200.98
172.97
180.48
249.16
357.00
218.36

Apr.
1989P

$6.56
6.18
6.19
7.36
9.15
6.62

$6.55
6.24
6.16
7.43
9.08
6.57

$6.78
6.41
6.38
7.63
9.47
6.88

$6.79
6.43
6.40
7.69
9.37
6.91

9.03

9.08

9.43

9.59

$9.53 326.89

325.06

337.59

348.12

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

7.83
7.51

7.89
7.58

8.18
7.80

8.30
7.93

284.23
272.61

279.31
267.57

290.39
276.12

300.46
287.86

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

8.14
7.64
7.71

8.22
7.72
7.75

8.50
8.05
8.11

8.65
8.15
8.22

298.74
275.80
283.73

296.74
275.60
279.78

309.40
286.58
292.77

320.92
295.85
300.85

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

10.08
9.58
9.73
10.60

10.15
9.61
9.88
10.65

10.50
9.88
10.16
11.23

10.63
9.98
10.33
11.31

376.99
354.46
370.71
393.26

376.57
351.73
370.50
396.18

390.60
365.56
386.08
415.51

398.63
372.25
393.57
422.99

8.83

8.85

9.29

9.33

287.86

286.74

301.00

306.02

Services

9.31

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.42

6.43

6.63

6.60

200.30

202.55

204.20

207.90

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.30
6.74

6.31
6.81

6.50
6.81

6.53
6.78

216.72
203.55

217.70
205.66

221.00
204.30

223.33
205.43

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

9.04
12.27
6.79
12.86

9.06
12.41
6.87
13.03

9.48
12.75
6.98
13.81

9.57
13.03
7.10
13.98

304.65
452.76
197.59
491.25

305.32
451.72
200.60
493.84

318.53
469.20
205.91
523.40

324.42
487.32
213.00
532.64

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

8.04
8.79

8.04
8.79

8.28
9.16

8.34
9.21

291.05
334.02

291.05
329.63

303.88
349.91

305.24
349.98

76

9.55

9.58

9.77

9.83

363.86

365.00

368.33

373.54

78
781

11.24
15.20

11.24
15.43

12.82
16.45

12.13
15.38

322.59
571.52

313.60
567.82

370.50
585.62

357.84
573.67

79

7.59

7.45

8.09

8.06

210.24

207.86

222.48

222.46

80
801
802
805
806

9.11
8.75
8.84
6.24
10.36

9.14
8.78
8.90
6.26
10.40

9.65
9.16
9.37
6.65
10.99

9.68
9.23
9.37
6.67
11.02

294.25
273.88
251.06
195.94
350.17

294.31
273.06
249.20
197.19
351.52

310.73
284.88
265.17
208.15
371.46

314.60
292.59
269.86
212.77
372.48

81

12.48

12.73

13.23

13.43

435.55

436.64

456.44

472.74

89
891
893

12.28
13.33
10.46

12.58
13.37
10.94

12.83
13.90
10.89

13.07
14.07
11.21

482.60
525.20
421.54

473.01
520.09
396.03

497.80
543.49
427.98

516.27
555.77
455.13

May
1989P

$339.27

301.64

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and may differ slightly from data previously published. See the article
in this issue for additional information.

117

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$13.99

$13.96

$14.73

$14.75

$13.35

$13.39

$14.04

$14.08

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.46

14.43

15.16

15.17

13.65

13.65

14.45

14.49

= preliminary.

118




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

$9.68

$9.70

$9.94

$9.95

$9.97

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.17
8.15
7.59
9.80
11.40
9.77
10.39
9.73
12.53
9.58
7.72

10.19
8.17
7.65
9.83

10.43
8.32
7.86

10.44
8.38
7.87

10.45

10.04
11.54
9.99
10.69
9.93
12.89
9.82
7.98

10.11
11.55
10.02

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

8.99
8.74
14.69
7.02
5.93
10.98
10.00
11.99
14.04

9.00

Industry

Manufacturing

* Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




8.63

6.12

11.41
9.78

10.42
9.76
12.56
9.57
7.74
8.73

14.91
7.00
5.94
11.03
10.05

12.01
14.00
8.64
6.10

Apr.
1989 P

02

10.72
9.94
12.86
9.89
7.99

9.24
8.90
15.03
7.24
6.17

8.88
15.48
7.25

11.19

11.19

10.36
12.30
14.57
8.89
6.38

May
1989 P

9.24

$9.27

6.17
10.33
12.28

14.55
8.92
6.40

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988
benchmarks and may differ slightly from data previously published.
See the article in this issue for additional information.

119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. AVERAGE HOURLY AND WEEKLY EARNINGS OF PRODUCTION OR NONSUPERVISORY WORKERSON PRIVATE
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current AND CONSTANT (1977) DOLLARS.
Average hourly earnings
INDUSTRY

Apr.
1989P

Average weekly earnings

Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.23
4.86

$9.26
4.85

$9.56
4.82

$9.61
4.81

$9.60

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.65
6.66

12.60
6.60

13.15
6.63

13.17
6.59

$13.10

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.93
6.81

12.91
6.77

13.26
6.68

13.30
6.65

$13.33

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.13
5.33

10.14
5.31

10.41
5.25

10.41
5.21

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.27
6.46

12.28
6.44

12.46
6.28

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.90
5.21

9.90
5.19

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.27
3.30

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars




Apr.
1988

May
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

May
1989P

$320.28 $320.40 $328.86 $334.43 $331.20
168.57 167.92 165.76 167.22

541.42
284.96

531.72
278.68

552.30
278.38

564.99
282.50

$548.89

490.05
257.92

494.45
259.15

495.92
249.96

504.07
251.27

$502.54

$10.41

415.33
218.59

415.74
217.89

426.81
215.13

426.81
213.41

$425.77

12.51
6.26

$12.51

480.98
253.15

480.15
251.65

488.43
246.18

496.65
248.33

$494.15

10.21
5.15

10.35
5.18

$10.24

378.18
199.04

376.20
197.17

386.96
195.04

395.37
197.69

$389.12

6.28
3.29

6.48
3.27

6.51
3.26

$6.51

181.20
95.36

181.49
95.12

184.68
93.08

188.14
94.07

$187.49

9.03
4.75

9.08
4.76

9.43
4.75

9.59
4.80

$9.53

326.89
172.05

325.06
170.37

337.59
170.16

348.12
174.06

$339.27

8.83
4.65

8.85
4.64

9.29
4.68

9.33
4.67

$9.31

287.86
151.50

286.74
150.28

301.00
151.22

306.02
153.01

$301.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

120

May
1989P

0

0
0

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks
and may differ slightly from data previously published. See the article
in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
May

Total private

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.p

Mayp

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.8

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.9

34.6

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.2
40.1
39.6
42.3
43.7
43.9
42.0
42.6
41.0
42.8
43.7
41.5
39.3

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.2
42.0
42.6
41.0
42.9
43.9
41.4
39.4

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.4
39.6
42.2
43.5
44.0
41.9
42.8
41.0
42.7
42.9
41.7
39.3

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.1
39.2
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.9
42.7
43.6
41.5
39.3

41.1
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.1
39.6
42.3
43.9
44.5
42.0
42.7
40.9
43.0
44.1
41.6
39.2

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.5
43.7
44.2
41.9
42.7
41.0
43.1
43.9
41.8
39.1

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.2
40.3
39.5
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.5
41.0
43.1
44.1
41.6
39.3

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.3
39.4
42.4
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.8
43.7
41.1
39.0

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.3
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.0
41.9
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.6
41.5
39.4

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
39.6
39.7
42.2
43.4
43.8
41.9
42.6
40.9
43.1
43.9
41.5
39.5

41.0
4.0
41.7
4.1
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5

41.2
4.0
41.8
4.1
40.3
39.9
42.6
43.4
43.6
41.8
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.5
42.1
43.4
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.1
42.2
41.2
39.7

40.0
3.6
40.1
2
()

40.2
3.6
40.6
2
()
41.0
37.0

40.0
3.6
40.2
2
()
40.5
36.8
43.2
37.8
42.3
(2)

40.1
3.6
40.1
2
()

40.2
3.7
40.3
2
()
40.8

()
41.7

(2)
41.7

37.1

41.7
38.0

38.6

38.0

40.4
3.8
40.7
2
()
41.7
37.6
43.3
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.5
38.4

40.2
3.7
40.6
(2)
41.5
37.0
43.4
37.8
42.3
(2)

41.4
37.7

40.1
3.8
40.4
2
()
41.1
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.6

37.4

40.2
3.7
40.3
2
()
41.0
37.1
43.2
38.1
42.3
(2)
41.7
37.5

40.2
3.7
40.4

()
41.8

40.2
3.7
40.4
2
()
41.0
37.0
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7
37.2

40.1
3.6
40.3

40.9
36.9
43.3
37.8
42.1

40.1
3.6
40.3
2
()
40.8
37.0
43.2
38.0
42.4

39.3

39.4

39.4

39.6

40.0

39.7

39.4

39.4

38.0

38.0

38.3

38.0

38.1

38.1

29.0

29.1

29.1

28.9

28.9

28.9

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.6

32.8

32.5

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2

2

Transportation and public utilities

Wholesale trade
Retail trade

(2)
41.0
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.2

(2)
41.6
37.5

(2)
41.0
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)

39.3

()
41.7

37.8

37.3

39.4

39.3

38.1

38.0

29.2

29.0

38.1

38.1
37.9

29.1

29.3
29.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

38.1
29.1

37.1
43.2
38.0
42.3

38.1
29.1

41.2
37.1

0
32.7

32.5

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




2

41.6

39.4

39.4

43.1
37.9
42.3

40.9
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.3
(2)

32.6

32.7

32.5

32.7

32.7

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and may differ slightly from
data previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.

121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural

(1977=100)
1988

1989

Industry
Apr.1

Mayp

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Total private

124.0

124.8

125.6

125.1

125.6

126.3

126.3

126.8

127.4

127.2

127.6

128.7

127.5

Goods-producing

101.1

101.8

102.0

101.5

101.8

102.4

102.8

102.3

103.0

102.9

102.9

103.4

102.3

82.5

83.0

83.5

81.6

81.1

81.2

80.0

80.2

79.9

80.1

81.1

83.6

80.8

136.0

138.7

137.9

137.8

138.1

139.4

141.1

139.4

141.2

140.5

140.3

140.8

137.6

95.2

95.5

95.9

95.5

95.7

96.2

96.5

96.2

96.7

96.7

96.7

97.2

96.5

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

93.4
104.0
112.4
89.4
67.6
53.9
90.9
89.7
100.3
99.9
90.3
111.2
85.1

93.7
104.0
111.8
90.0
67.9
54.6
91.3
90.0
100.6
100.2
90.9
111.8
85.3

94.2
104.5
112.9
90.0
68.5
54.5
91.6
91.4
100.8
100.2
89.1
113.1
85.7

93.7
103.6
111.0
89.8
68.0
54.0
91.1
90.7
100.6
99.9
91.5
113.1
85.4

94.1
103.7
112.6
89.6
68.9
54.2
91.5
91.2
100.6
100.0
92.3
113.7
84.8

94.6
106.3
112.3
90.6
68.9
54.1
91.8
91.9
101.0
100.8
92.7
114.8
84.0

94.9
105.9
112.9
91.0
69.0
54.0
92.5
92.1
101.4
100.8
93.6
114.8
84.8

94.6
106.2
112.6
91.0
68.8
53.1
92.1
92.5
100.2
100.3
89.9
114.5
84.7

95.2
107.0
113.8
91.4
69.1
53.8
93.0
93.0
100.2
101.0
91.8
115.3
85.9

95.0
104.5
113.7
90.9
68.7
53.4
92.8
93.7
99.9
101.0
91.1
115.6
86.4

94.9
105.3
114.3
90.5
68.9
53.6
92.5
93.4
98.8
101.5
91.7
115.0
86.1

95.2
105.4
114.6
91.2
68.8
52.5
92.0
93.9
99.7
101.2
91.2
116.7
87.1

94.4
104.0
113.2
90.0
68.4
52.9
92.1
93.7
98.9
99.3
88.9
116.1
87.2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

97.8
100.2
76.7
81.1
84.6
101.9
134.9
97.3
83.1
117.2

98.2
100.8
75.7
80.7
84.6
102.1
136.1
98.5
83.7
117.6

98.4
100.7
77.0
81.3
84.5
102.3
136.2
98.4
84.5
118.6

98.0
100.5
77.5
80.2
83.8
102.1
136.7
98.5
84.1
117.9

98.2
100.4
74.3
80.6
84.2
101.7
137.2
98.7
84.1
117.8

98.6
101.7
75.1
80.6
83.8
101.9
137.3
99.5
84.1
118.5

98.8
102.6
76.5
80.5
84.4
101.9
137.3
99.0
83.5
119.3

98.4
101.5
76.7
79.5
84.2
102.1
137.4
99.4
82.7
118.6

98.9
101.5
73.4
80.6
84.9
101.7
138.3
99.9
81.2
119.5

99.3
102.2
74.1
80.4
85.5
101.9
138.4
100.0
83.3
120.0

99.5
102.9
69.6
81.0
85.4
102.3
138.5
100.4
82.2
119.9

100.1
103.8
74.5
82.1
86.7
102.1
138.4
100.9
84.3
119.6

99.5
103.5
70.9
81.7
85.1
102.6
138.2
100.5
84.5
118.8

55.7

54.8

54.9

54.9

55.4

55.3

54.6

55.2

56.1

57.0

56.1

56.2

53.8

136.6

137.6

138.7

138.1

138.8

139.6

139.2

140.3

140.9

140.6

141.2

142.6

141.4

112.6

113.4

113.7

113.7

114.1

114.6

114.7

115.5

116.4

116.2

116.2

118.4

117.7

122.0

122.7

123.3

122.8

123.8

124.2

124.2

124.9

125.3

125.9

126.4

127.2

126.2

124.6

125.4

126.5

125.5

125.9

126.5

126.0

126.7

127.2

126.7

126.9

127.7

126.9

140.3

140.2

141.5

140.1

140.9

141.6

140.6

141.2

142.1

140.8

141.8

143.9

141.9

159.4

160.9

162.4

162.1

163.2

164.3

164.0

165.8

166.4

166.1

167.3

168.9

167.5

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

122




NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and may differ slightly from
data previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

$9.49

$9.52

$9.54

Apr.p

Mayp

Average hourly earnings
Total private (jn current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime3
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

$9.27

$9.26

$9.31

$9.32

$9.37

$9.43

$9.42

$9.45

$9.60

$9.61

()
()
0
f)
f)
()
$12.94 $12.97 $13.05 $13.03 $13.07 $13.08 $13.10 $13.15 $13.18 $13.22 $13.26 $13.33 $13.37
10.21
10.30
10.25
10.18
10.37
10.33
10.31
10.29
10.18
10.14
10.41
10.40
10.40
9.75
9.83
9.78
9.72
9.87
9.80
9.71
9.69
9.92
9.92
9.89
9.85
9.96
12.37
12.37
12.41
12.35
12.45
12.36
12.39
12.32
12.34
12.52
12.50
12.48
12.56
9.95
10.14
10.03
9.98
9.90
10.19
10.11
10.06
9.90
10.21
10.18
10.24
10.35
6.33
6.38
6.36
6.28
6.40
6.32
6.44
6.43
6.30
6.50
6.47
6.45
6.51
9.09
9.35
9.18
9.06
9.26
9.35
9.11
9.54
9.35
9.40
9.01
9.36
9.50
8.95
9.07
9.00
8.88
9.05
9.31
8.93
8.87
9.24
9.19
9.15
9.10
9.34
4.85

4.84

4.84

4.82

4.83

4.84

4.82

4.82

4.81

4.81

4.80

4.80

I
Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .

321.32 321.67 323.99 322.47 325.14 328.16 326.87 327.92 330.25 329.39 331.04 335.04 332.51
168.23 167.89 168.39 166.82 167.68 168.55 167.28 167.39 167.55 166.44 166.44 167.35
0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
•= preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and may differ slightly from
data previously published. See the article in this issue for additional information.

123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.1
41.3
40.2

41.1
41.0
41.9

41.4
41.4
41.5

$8.98
9.02
10.56

Alaska

37.1

49.6

48.6

13.76

Mar.
1989
$9.19
9.59

Apr.
1989?

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

$9.13
9.20
10.54

$369.08
372.53
424.51

$377.71
393.19
450.84

$377.98
380.88
437.41

12.48

510.50

574.37

606.53

10.76
11.58
Arizona .

41.1

40.9

40.9

9.78

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff

40.7
40.2
41.3
40.7
42.6

39.8
39.3
38.8
40.3
42.8

40.5
41.6
41.1
40.7
44.2

8.01
7.21
8.62
8.52
10.43

Colorado .
Denver...

40.7
41.4

39.5
40.1

39.6
40.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury

41.7
42.2
42.5
43.2
40.3
40.7
43.3

42.1
42.1
42.9
43.1
41.3
43.1
42.9

Delaware
Wilmington

39.8
40.0

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA
Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

9.84

401.96

402.86

402.46

9.85
8.15
7.35
8.69
8.62
10.41

8.20
7.34
8.70
8.57
10.73

326.01
289.84
356.01
346.76
444.32

324.37
288.86
337.17
347.39
445.55

332.10
305.34
357.57
348.80
474.27

10.15
10.51

10.51
11.03

10.52
10.99

413.11
435.11

415.15
442.30

416.59
440.70

42.0
42.3
42.2
42.9
41.0
42.5
43.1

10.77
11.16
11.10
11.31
10.19
12.16
9.48

11.16
11.40
11.80
11.43
10.65
12.34
10.11

11.18
11.50
11.83
11.47
10.56
12.37
10.02

449.11
470.95
471.75
488.59
410.66
494.91
410.48

469.84
479.94
506.22
492.63
439.85
531.85
433.72

469.56
486.45
499.23
492.06
432.96
525.73
431.86

39.8
43.1

40.1
40.6

10.54
13.07

11.05
12.94

10.75
12.86

419.49
522.80

439.79
557.71

431.08
522.12

39.0

39.7

39.9

11.23

11.69

11.90

437.97

464.09

474.81

40.7
40.8
41.3
39.0
41.2
42.9
41.1
40.2

40.7
41.2
40.5
40.1
40.7
42.7
40.7
42.1

40.8
41.0
39.6
39.5
41.4
42.3
40.8
42.2

8.22
8.22
9.07
7.07
8.66
10.76
8.01
9.29

8.62
8.67
9.33
7.45
9.54
11.03
8.52
9.60

8.61
8.62
9.37
7.45
9.52
10.88
8.60
9.48

334.55
335.38
374.59
275.73
356.79
461.60
329.21
373.46

350.83
357.20
377.87
298.75
388.28
470.98
346.76
404.16

351.29
353.42
371.05
294.28
394.13
460.22
350.88
400.06

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.3
41.8
47.9

40.6
40.7
47.0

40.5
40.6
47.8

8.68
10.29
11.30

8.74
10.14
11.62

8.69
10.07
11.70

358.48
430.12
541.27

354.84
412.70
546.14

351.95
408.84
559.26

Hawaii
Honolulu .

39.8
39.7

40.7
41.7

39.8
40.9

9.68
9.78

10.23
10.53

10.25
10.46

385.26
388.27

416.36
439.10

407.95
427.81

Idaho.

38.0

37.5

38.9

9.61

9.78

9.99

365.18

366.75

388.61

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline .
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

41.8
41.7
40.3
39.1
42.4
39.9
42.5
41.5
41.7
40.1
47.0
42.5
42.0

42.0
42.1
40.2
39.2
42.2
42.1
42.8
41.6
42.3
41.0
43.3
43.6
40.8

41.6
41.9
41.1
38.7
41.7
39.7
43.2
41.0
42.3
40.7
43.3
42.5
40.5

11.03
10.41
11.25
9.23
10.68
12.45
14.17
12.12
10.52
11.33
13.35
11.75
11.60

11.13
10.49
11.44
9.72
10.80
12.81
14.57
12.28
11.10
11.78
13.63
11.91
11.24

11.13
10.43
11.53
9.60
10.76
12.50
14.66
12.24
11.14
11.77
13.82
11.92
11.48

461.05
434.10
453.38
360.89
452.83
496.76
602.23
502.98
438.68
454.33
627.45
499.38
487.20

467.46
441.63
459.89
381.02
455.76
539.30
623.60
510.85
469.53
482.98
590.18
519.28
458.59

463.01
437.02
473.88
371.52
448.69
496.25
633.31
501.84
471.22
479.04
598.41
506.60
464.94

Indiana.

42.0

41.1

41.0

11.37

11.63

11.54

477.54

477.99

473.14

0

California ....

See footnotes at end of table.

124




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux Citv

41.2
39.6
42.0
41.3
35.2

41.3
39.0
42.6
39.9
33.3

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.5
43.9
40.0

Kentuckv
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

41.2
38.3
41.9
40.4
34.0

$10.56
11.99
12.01
11.79
8.28

$10.90
12.69
12.07
12.02
8.31

40.5
41.9
41.5

40.4
43.9
41.5

10.04
11.27
10.40

40.1
38.8
41.3

40.1
39.9
40.6

40.2
39.3
40.9

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.6
42.8
41.5
40.7

41.8
42.8
41.1
41.2

Maine
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

41.1
40.4
40.7

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

$10.75
12.29
11.70
12.03
8.36

$435.07
474.80
504.42
486.93
291.46

$450.17
494.91
514.18
479.60
276.72

$442.90
470.71
490.23
486.01
284.24

10.44
11.31
11.23

10.42
11.21
11.27

406.62
494.75
416.00

422.82
473.89
466.05

420.97
492.12
467.71

10.14
10.29
11.75

10.27
10.63
11.82

10.24
10.73
11.81

406.61
399.25
485.28

411.83
424.14
479.89

411.65
421.69
483.03

41.6
43.2
41.0
40.7

10.89
12.68
10.44
11.64

11.13
13.01
10.85
11.40

11.03
12.82
10.73
10.96

463.91
542.70
433.26
473.75

465.23
556.83
445.94
469.68

458.85
553.82
439.93
446.07

40.1
39.8
40.1

40.2
39.2
39.6

9.13
7.87
9.35

9.62
8.01
10.32

9.69
8.11
10.22

375.24
317.95
380.55

385.76
318.80
413.83

389.54
317.91
404.71

40.8
41.2

41.3
41.3

41.4
41.2

10.39
11.14

10.94
11.49

10.86
11.35

423.91
458.97

451.82
474.54

449.60
467.62

41.2
41.4
42.9
40.1

41.3
41.0
42.5
41.6

41.0
40.4
42.4
41.6

10.12
10.90
9.56
10.30

10.60
11.29
9.88
10.72

10.60
11.34
9.93
10.76

416.94
451.26
410.12
413.03

437.78
462.89
419.90
445.95

434.60
458 14
421.03
447.62

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saainaw-Bav Citv-Midland

43.6
47.7
40.9
44.7
44.8
41.5
41.5
42.9
42.1
40.3
44.0

43.9
45.5
42.3
44.5
45.8
42.0
42.5
42.4
47.2
41.2
44.1

43.6
45.1
42.5
44.3
45.7
41.1
42.8
42.6
42.6
40.4
44.3

13.50
14.98
13.97
14.49
16.23
11.36
10.11
12.31
14.16
12.00
15.20

13.65
14.25
14.34
14.60
17.32
11.74
10.79
12.79
14.84
12.36
15.47

13.65
14.36
14.17
14.64
17.21
11.71
10.81
13.02
14.88
12.26
15.41

588.60
714.55
571.37
647.70
727.10
471.44
419.56
528.10
596.14
483.60
668.80

599.23
648.38
606.58
649.70
793.26
493.08
458.57
542.30
700.45
509.23
682.23

595.14
647.64
602.22
648.55
786.50
481.28
462.67
554.65
633.89
495.30
682.66

Minnesota
Ouluth
Minneapolis-St Paul
St Cloud

40.4
40.1
40.7
40.1

40.6
36.9
40.7
37.6

40.6
37.6
40.8
37.2

10.54
10.99
11.14
9.76

10.80
11.06
11.44
9.92

10.79
11.25
11.40
9.88

425.82
440.70
453.40
391.38

438.48
408 11
465.61
372.99

438.07
423 00
465.12
367.54

Mississippi
Jackson

39.9
40.7

40.1
40.0

39.7
40.4

7.81
8.91

8.02
9.04

8.00
8.94

311.62
362.64

321.60
361.60

317.60
361.18

Missouri
Kansas Citv
St Louis
Snrjnafield

40.5
40.7
41.3
39.5

40.1
40.3
40.5
38.7

40.9
40.5
41.2
40.2

10.17
11.58
11.69
8.47

10.36
11.46
12.03
8.68

10.43
11.58
12.17
8.66

411.89
471.31
482.80
334.57

415.44
461.84
487.22
335.92

426.59
468.99
501.40
348.13

Montana

40.0

39.9

41.6

10.70

10.82

10.91

428.00

431 72

453 86

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

40.4
40.9
41.7

40.3
40.1
41.2

40.1
38.7
40.7

9.47
10.07
10.24

9.53
10.14
10.27

9.54
9.98
10.21

382.59
411.86
427.01

384.06
406.61
423.12

382 55
386.23
415 55

38.7
38.4

40.9
42.1

41.6
43.1

9.99
12.45

10.12
13.08

10.14
12.84

386.61
478.08

413.91
550.67

421.82
553.40

41.0
39.5
40.7
41.8

41.0
39.9
41.0
41.3

40.8
40.3
41.6
42.0

9.58
9.99
11.68
9.22

10.08
10.26
12.04
9.78

10.15
10.29
12.27
9.65

392.78
394.61
475.38
385.40

413.28
409.37
493.64
403.91

414.12
414.69
510.43
405.30

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

Nevada
Las Vegas

.

•

•

•

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

•

•

See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

New Jersey

41.0

41.2

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.9
40.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

41.0

$10.80

$11.18

41.4
41.2

41.4
40.9

8.78
9.24

40.0
40.6
40.4
43.9
41.1
39.8
37.4
37.2
42.6
39.3
41.0
43.0
35.8
42.2
41.1
39.5

40.1
41.1
40.5
42.4
41.8
40.0
37.7
37.4
41.2
38.2
40.5
42.5
36.9
41.5
40.9
41.1

40.1
40.6
40.4
42.4
41.8
39.8
37.5
37.2
41.2
38.5
40.2
42.7
37.6
41.4
40.5
40.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

40.4
41.4
41.0
40.0
41.6

40.3
42.0
40.9
39.3
40.3

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

38.3
38.5

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

$11.21

$442.80

$460.62

$459.61

8.56
9.20

8.48
9.15

359.10
376.99

354.38
379.04

351.07
374.24

10.33
10.86

10.62
11.21

9.54
12.28
9.72
11.00
9.57
9.30
13.25
8.11
9.81
12.57
11.20
11.70
9.65
11.29

9.76
12.78

9.97
11.67
9.90
9.75
13.81
8.61
10.52
12.49
10.68
12.25
9.72
10.98

10.65
10.99
9.84
12.76
9.98
11.60
9.87
9.71
13.95
8.77
10.61
12.49
10.84
12.12
9.77
10.96

413.20
440.92
385.42
539.09
399.49
437.80
357.92
345.96
564.45
318.72
402.21
540.51
400.96
493.74
396.62
445.96

425.86
460.73
395.28
541.87
416.75
466.80
373.23
364.65
568.97
328.90
426.06
530.83
394.09
508.37
397.55
451.28

427.07
446.19
397.54
541.02
417.16
461.68
370.13
361.21
574.74
337.65
426.52
533.32
407.58
501.77
395.69
443.88

40.5
42.2
41.1
39.2
41.2

8.08
8.06
8.33
9.00
9.09

8.38
8.27
8.74
9.11
9.32

8.38
8.33
8.74
9.13
9.24

326.43
333.68
341.53
360.00
378.14

337.71
347.34
357.47
358.02
375.60

339.39
351.53
359.21
357.90
380.69

38.2
38.5

38.4
39.7

8.46
8.06

8.61
8.67

8.68
8.58

324.02
310.31

328.90
333.80

333.31
340.63

43.0
43.7
43.2
42.0
43.4
41.7
43.3
43.3
42.1

42.9
42.7
42.3
42.5
43.5
41.5
43.3
44.6
43.3

43.0
42.6
42.5
43.1
43.3
41.5
43.7
43.7
42.7

12.02
11.73
11.42
11.01
11.81
11.57
12.62
13.23
13.55

12.25
11.44
11.75
11.46
12.01
11.89
13.02
13.41
13.71

12.23
11.48
11.76
11.52
12.00
11.90
13.03
13.26
13.76

516.86
512.60
493.34
462.42
512.55
482.47
546.45
572.86
570.46

525.53
488.49
497.03
487.05
522.44
493.44
563.77
598.09
593.64

525.89
489.05
499.80
496.51
519.60
493.85
569.41
579.46
587.55

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

41.6
41.5
41.1

40.5
42.1
40.1

41.7
43.8
41.1

10.28
11.51
10.86

10.68
11.65
10.73

10.79
11.86
10.95

427.65
477.67
446.35

432.54
490.47
430.27

449.94
519.47
450.05

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

39.9
41.0
39.3
38.3

39.4
40.4
39.7
38.3

40.5
41.2
40.4
39.2

10.75
10.76
10.95
9.67

10.83
10.76
10.91
9.53

10.84
9.65

428.93
441.16
430.34
370.36

426.70
434.70
433.13
365.00

439.02
442.49
440.36
378.28

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh

40.9
40.2
40.1
42.5
42.4
39.5
39.5
40.2
40.3
41.8

40.5
39.4
40.0
43.5
41.8
39.5
39.5
40.2
40.1
42.0

40.6
39.5
40.0
43.4
42.1
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.2
42.3

10.19

10.52

10.43
8.69
10.56

10.59
9.29
10.75

10.42

10.70
9.77
8.47

10.49
10.57
9.19
10.71
10.68
9.76
8.36
10.58
11.59
11.32

416.77
419.29
348.47
448.80
441.81
369.33
333.38
400.79
450.55
467.32

426.06
417.25
371.60
467.63
447.26
385.92
334.57
427.73
466.76
475.86

425.89
417.52
367.60
464.81
449.63
390.40
330.22
424.26
465.92
478.84

See footnotes at end of table.

126




9.35
8.44
9.97
11.18

11.18

10.64
11.64
11.33

10.74
10.90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Average hourly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989p

Average weekly earnings
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

41.0
38.7
40.6
42.4

40.5
38.7
39.6
41.8

40.1
38.3
39.5
41.3

$10.65
8.84
8.82
9.70

$11.14
9.07
9.36
10.19

$11.15
9.11

9.41
10.15

$436.65
342.11
358.09
411.28

$451.17
351.01
370.66
425.94

$447.12
348.91
371.70
419.20

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

39.8
40.2
39.5

39.1
40.1
38.7

39.5
40.2
38.9

8.42
8.04
8.45

9.02
8.59
8.65

9.03
8.63
8.67

335.12
323.21
333.78

352.68
344.46
334.76

356.69
346.93
337.26

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

41.4
40.9
41.2
41.4

41.3
41.3
41.6
41.0

41.1
41.4
41.3
40.9

8.27
9.10
8.30
8.21

8.51
9.33
8.69
8.42

8.56
9.31
8.69
8.48

342.38
372.19
341.96
339.89

351.46
385.33
361.50
345.22

351.82
385.43
358.90
346.83

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

42.0
44.7

41.7
44.0

42.4
42.8

8.00
8.22

8.15
8.26

8.19
8.19

336.00
367.43

339.86
363.44

347.26
350.53

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.6
41.2
43.3
39.7
43.8
41.6

41.0
41.1
42.1
40.2
42.7
41.6

40.9
41.2
41.6
39.3
42.4
41.6

8.87
8.11
9.33
9.03
8.98
10.31

9.21
8.18
9.68
9.08
9.36
10.74

9.19
8.20
9.58
9.01
9.35
10.60

368.99
334.13
403.99
358.49
393.32
428.90

377.61
336.20
407.53
365.02
399.67
446.78

375.87
337.84
398.53
354.09
396.44
440.96

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

41.8
41.8
41.2
44.1
40.9

41.7
41.6
41.2
44.1
39.0

42.0
42.1
41.8
43.1
40.0

9.95
9.76
10.59
11.30
7.59

10.16
10.04
10.87
11.79
7.53

10.14
9.95
10.96
11.71
7.48

415.91
407.97
436.31
498.33
310.43

423.67
417.66
447.84
519.94
293.67

425.88
418.90
458.13
504.70
299.20

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.2
40.4

39.3
40.3

39.6
40.0

9.94
9.80

10.00
9.95

9.95
10.02

399.59
395.92

393.00
400.99

394.02
400.80

Vermont
Burlington

40.5
41.1

41.1
40.4

40.6
40.5

9.21
9.50

9.91
10.56

10.43

373.01
390.45

407.30
426.62

405.59
422.42

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.8
42.0
39.5
42.2
39.9
39.8
41.7
39.8

40.4
41.5
40.1
40.4
41.5
39.6
41.3
40.1

41.1
40.2
41.7
41.6
42.3
40.5
41.5
40.1

9.34
7.81
7.63
8.64
8.53
10.49
12.03
9.08

9.54
7.93
7.95
8.71
9.17
10.90
12.28
9.49

7.97
8.59
9.16
11.04
12.22
9.65

381.07
328.02
301.39
364.61
340.35
417.50
501.65
361.38

385.42
329.10
318.80
351.88
380.56
431.64
507.16
380.55

391.27
326.02
332.35
357.34
387.47
447.12
507.13
386.97

Washington

39.9

40.8

40.7

11.68

12.19

12.26

466.03

497.35

498.98

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.6
42.6
42.3
41.4
40.4

41.0
43.2
41.5
42.2
40.3

41.1
44.2
41.7
41.8
39.9

10.67
13.56
12.38
12.58
11.70

10.92
14.11
12.42
12.87
12.24

11.07
13.54
12.54
12.72
11.99

433.20
577.66
523.67
520.81
472.68

447.72
609.55
515.43
543.11
493.27

454.98
598.47
522.92
531.70
478.40

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

41.6
42.7
39.5
40.4
40.1
45.4
38.9
41.5
41.1
39.7
42.1

41.4
43.3
40.9
39.5
44.0
41.9
40.2
40.9
41.3
39.4
42.2

41.3
44.1
41.3
40.2
42.6
40.6
39.3
41.6
40.8
39.5
42.1

10.70
11.22
10.85
11.46
12.46
13.74
9.36
10.08
11.63
10.97
10.19

10.73
11.60
10.41
11.50
13.23
12.61
9.89
10.07
11.49
10.86
10.23

10.69
11.67
10.26
11.48
13.30
12.41
9.68
10.08
11.42
10.92
10.15

445.12
479.09
428.58
462.98
499.65
623.80
364.10
418.32
477.99
435.51
429.00

444.22
502.28
425.77
454.25
582.12
528.36
397.58
411.86
474.54
427.88
431.71

441.50
514.65
423.74
461.50
566.58
503.85
380.42
419.33
465.94
431.34
427.32

Wyoming

37.3

38.7

38.8

10.05

9.94

9.91

374.87

384.68

384.51

Puerto Rico

39.3

40.1

40.0

5.48

5.69

5.67

215.36

228.17

226.80

Virgin Islands

40.6

42.5

41.6

9.73

10.49

10.40

395.04

445.82

432.64

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p




9.52
8.11

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988
benchmarks.

127

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total

Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Mar.
1989r

Apr.
1989r




May
1989P

May 1988
to
May 1989P

Mar. 1989
to
Apr. 1989r

Apr. 1989
to
May 1989P

200,326

202,062

200,692

2.7

0.9

-0.7

165,009

166,583

165,085

2.8

1.0

-.9

1,569
10,336
41,908
25,001
16,907
11,624
12,276
29,290
12,622
45,384

1,610
10,404
42,056
25,078
16,978
11,803
12,375
29,471
12,800
46,063

1,561
10,164
41,851
24,936
16,915
11,749
12,250
29,293
12,593
45,623

-1.8
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.7
3.9
3.4
2.1
1.7
5.0

2.7
.7
.4
.3
.4
1.5
.8
.6

-3.1
-2.3
-.5
-.6
-.4
-.5

1.4
1.5

-1.6
-1.0

35,318

35,479

35,607

2.0

.5

.4

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
=revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

128

Percent change

-1.0
-.6

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index

Annual average

1986

Item

1987

1987

1989

1988

1988
IV

III

IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5

112.2
139.4
124.3
199.4
102.1
177.8
172.0
175.7

110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.6
167.3
166.6
167.0

109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.1
169.6
163.7
167.5

109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.4
170.5
165.6
168.7

110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.1
170.8
168.7
170.1

111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.3
171.1
171.5
171.2

111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
101.9
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
101.9
173.5
170.0
172.3

111.8
138.8
124.1
198.1
102.0
177.1
170.4
174.7

112.3
139.8
124.5
201.1
102.4
179.0
172.7
176.8

112.0
140.9
125.8
203.2
102.3
181.4
174.6
179.0

112.5
142.7
126.8
205.9
102.3
183.0
176.1
180.5

109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5

110.6
139.9
126.6
198.0
101.4
179.1
173.9
177.3

108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0

107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.7
172.1
164.9
169.5

107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
100.9
172.9
167.2
170.9

108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.5
173.0
169.8
171.9

109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.7
173.3
173.0
173.2

109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0

110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.3
175.7
171.6
174.2

110.1
139.2
126.4
196.6
101.3
178.6
171.8
176.2

110.7
140.5
126.9
199.4
101.5
180.2
173.9
178.0

110.9
142.1
128.1
201.9
101.7
182.0
177.9
180.6

110.6
142.9
129.2
204.6
101.7
185.0
176.6
182.0

132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9
99.7
141.7

136.2
138.1
101.4
193.5
99.1
142.1

128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.4
143.4

128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8

130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.7
143.1

131.7
128.7

97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4

132.8
131.1
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0

133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
98.9
141.3

134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.3
142.1

135.5
136.9
101.1
192.1
99.0
141.8

137.2
139.3
101.5
194.4
99.0
141.6

137.8
141.1
102.4
196.8
99.1
142.9

138.5
142.0
102.6
198.8
98.8
143.6

138.5
136.0
98.2
185.2
98.8
133.7

143.2
145.0
101.3
191.7
98.2
133.9

133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0

135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.1
136.4

136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.1
135.3

138.1
134.2
97.2
184.4
98.7
133.5

139.1
136.5
98.2
185.3
98.3
133.2

140.0
139.9

99.9
186.2
97.8
133.0

141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.7
134.1

142.7
144.0
100.9
190.1
97.9
133.3

144.2
146.4
101.5
192.3
97.9
133.4

144.6
148.3
102.6
194.8
98.1
134.7

145.2
149.0
102.6
196.9
97.9
135.7

122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4

125.8
127.8
101.6
196.8
100.8
156.5

119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.7
156.0

119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.7
156.5

120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.8
156.4

122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.5
155.0

123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5

123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.8
155.8

123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.6
156.0

124.8
126.4
101.3
195.7
100.8
156.8

126.9
128.8
101.5
197.9
100.8
156.0

127.5
130.3
102.2
200.2
100.8
157.0

128.5
131.7
102.5
202.0
100.4
157.2

111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8

112.8
141.7
125.6
193.1
98.9
175.0
171.1
186.5
132.2
169.9

109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.5
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2

110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.0
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1

110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.0
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9

110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.6
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4

112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170.2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1

112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.0
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7

113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
98.9
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9

112.9
141.2
125.0
191.9
98.8
173.8
170.0
185.1
132.6
168.8

112.7
142.0
126.1
194.5
99.0
176.4
172.6
187.8
129.6
170.8

112.7
143.6
127.4
196.6
99.0
178.3
174.4
189.6
133.9
172.9

112.4
144.1
128.2
199.1
99.0
181.1
177.2
192.7
123.4
174.2

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

= revised.
NOTE: Beginning in August, the hours measures used in the
productivity and costs series will be based on hours at work. Until this
time, data based on hours paid have been used. The difference between




hours paid and hours at work is hours of paid vacation, holidays, and sick
leave. The new series will be carried back to 1947.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

129

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

IV
1987

1988

II
1988

III
1988

IV
1988

1989r

IV
1987

I
1988

1988

1988

IV
1988

1989r

0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4

3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.0
.2
2.5
1.0

-3.4
2.4
6.0
4.8
.3
8.5
1.0
5.8

1.7
2.8
1.1
6.2
1.4
4.4
5.3
4.7

-1.0
3.3
4.3
4.3
-.2
5.4
4.7
5.1

1.7
5.1
3.4
5.4
.0
3.6
3.4
3.6

1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6

2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1

1.1
5.0
3.9
4.8
.9
3.7
1.0
2.7

0.6
4.1
3.5
5.2
1.0
4.6
.7
3.2

0.2
3.5
3.3
4.7
.4
4.6
3.4
4.1

-0.3
3.4
3.7
5.2
.4
5.5
3.6
4.8

.9
5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8

3.4
5.6
2.1
3.5
-.1
.1
1.6
.6

-2.4
4.0
6.6
4.2
-.3
6.8
.7
4.7

2.0
3.5
1.5
5.7
.9
3.7
4.8
4.1

1.0
4.8
3.7
5.2
.7
4.1
9.6
6.0

-1.1
2.2
3.4
5.4
.0
6.6
-3.0
3.2

1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.3
2.1
3.6
2.6

2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.4
1.6
2.6
1.9

1.4
5.6
4.1
4.6
.7
3.2
1.2
2.5

1.0
4.7
3.8
5.0
.8
4.0
.5
2.8

1.0
4.5
3.5
4.7
.3
3.6
4.1
3.8

-.2
3.6
3.8
5.1
.3
5.3
2.9
4.5

1.3
7.5
-1.5
.8

3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
1.8
2.2

3.7
5.8
2.0
3.0
-1.5
-.7

5.2
7.1
1.8
4.8
.0
-.5

1.6
5.1
3.5
5.1
.6
3.5

2.1
2.8
.7
4.1
-1.3
2.0

3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7

3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7

2.8
6.4
3.4
3.2
-.7
.3

3.3
6.2
2.8
3.8
-.3
.5

3.4
5.6
2.2
4.6
.2
1.1

3.1
5.2
2.0
4.2
-.5
1.0

2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7

3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.4
3.2

3.8
7.7
3.8

1.2
5.3
4.1
5.3
.8
4.0

1.6
1.8
.3
4.4
-.9
2.8

3.7
6.1
2.3

1.4
-3.0
-2.3

4.3
6.8
2.4
4.7
.0
.5

1.1
-3.2
-2.5

3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4
-.9

3.3
7.3
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2

3.6
7.2
3.4
3.8
-.3
.1

3.3
6.0
2.7
4.6
.3
1.3

2.7
5.4
2.6
4.0
-.8
1.2

-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2
-1.4
3.4

2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.7
.6

3.2
2.7
-.5
5.2
.6
2.0

6.8
7.7
.9
4.6

3.1
4.4
1.3
3.6

-.1
-2.0

2.0
4.8
2.7
4.7
.2
2.6

-1.7
.5

3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.8
-.5

3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3

2.0
4.9
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.1

2.7
4.6
1.8
3.7
-.4
1.0

3.5
5.0
1.4
4.3
.0
.8

3.7
4.9
1.1
4.5
-.2
.8

-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5

4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.6
-1.0

-1.6
3.0
4.7
4.2
-.3
5.3
5.9
3.7
.3
4.8

-.8
2.5
3.3
5.5
.8
6.3
6.4
6.1
-8.9
4.8

.2
4.5
4.2
4.6
.1
4.2
4.3
3.8
14.1
5.0

-1.3
1.4
2.7
5.2
-.2
6.6
6.5
6.8
-27.8
3.0

1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4
-.9
1.9
1.8
2.2
-1.1
1.6

3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.2
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2

1.8
5.9
4.1
4.1
.2
2.1
2.3
1.4
2.2
2.1

.4
4.3
3.9
4.5

.5
4.3
3.7
4.3
.0
3.7
3.8
3.3
4.3
3.7

-.9
2.8
3.7
4.9
.1
5.6
5.8
5.1
-6.9
4.4

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

,

Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

6.1

2.1

-1.8

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
r

-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3

= revised.
NOTE: Beginning in August, the hours measures used in the
productivity and costs series will be based on hours at work. Until this
time, data based on hours paid have been used. The difference between

130




.3
3.7
4.0
2.7
-5.0
2.8

hours paid and hours at work is hours of paid vacation, holidays, and sick
leave. The new series will be carried back to 1947.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

1,862.5
433.3
130.4
206.9
135.3
69.4

1,908.9
444.0
135.0
212.3
138.6
72.0

Apr.
1989P

1,891.2
440.8
134.8
209.1
136.8
71.7

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989^

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

123.9
24.1
6.2
17.8
7.7
3.4

140.4
25.8
6.7
19.7
8.4
3.9

125.7
24.7
6.0
18.0
7.9
3.6

6.7
5.6
4.8
8.6
5.7
4.9

7.4
5.8
5.0
9.3
6.0
5.4

6.6
5.6
4.5
8.6
5.7
5.0

237.9

232.8

235.9

25.8

22.0

20.1

10.9

9.5

8.5

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,635.1
1,016.1
310.4

1,693.7
1,047.3
320.0

1,706.2
1,057.0
323.1

101.4
51.6
16.2

97.1
50.6
15.6

92.5
47.1
15.1

6.2
5.1
5.2

5.7
4.8
4.9

5.4
4.5
4.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,112.6
61.1
92.3
261.7
37.1

1,146.0
63.1
92.4
271.5
38.5

1,159.0
63.1
93.8
274.0
38.7

86.2
2.3
5.5
17.2
3.0

86.2
2.4
7.3
16.8
3.1

101.2
2.8
8.4
20.8
3.6

7.7
3.8
5.9
6.6
8.1

7.5
3.8
7.9
6.2
8.1

8.7
4.4
8.9
7.6
9.3

13,958.9
1,346.3
225.5
302.0
4,067.6
154.3
1,071.1
355.7
951.6
703.0
1,123.7
887.3
834.4
182.1
195.8
193.0
189.7

14,091.7
1,368.8
229.4
296.4
4,132.2
156.1
1,083.9
357.5
957.5
716.5
1,144.6
882.4
843.6
178.6
191.7
192.5
192.8

14,051.5
1,359.6
228.0
305.5
4,098.4
152.1
1,081.2
358.2
950.9
717.9
1,142.9
875.8
834.9
177.8
191.4
193.6
193.9

695.5
38.2
21.7
32.7
174.2
20.2
47.2
17.0
50.5
36.7
45.2
30.4
31.8
8.2
9.0
18.5
10.1

657.5
34.7
26.2
34.4
152.2
18.7
41.6
14.0
45.4
34.6
37.9
26.1
29.4
7.3
8.5
19.4
9.6

723.6
40.9
24.4
32.5
177.3
20.8
47.3
16.1
53.8
37.1
44.8
29.9
33.1
7.5
9.1
19.8
10.6

5.0
2.8
9.6
10.8
4.3
13.1
4.4
4.8
5.3
5.2
4.0
3.4
3.8
4.5
4.6
9.6
5.3

4.7
2.5
11.4
11.6
3.7
12.0
3.8
3.9
4.7
4.8
3.3
3.0
3.5
4.1
4.4
10.1
5.0

5.1
3.0
10.7
10.6
4.3
13.7
4.4
4.5
5.7
5.2
3.9
3.4
4.0
4.2
4.7
10.2
5.5

1,700.4
130.9
878.3

1,658.6
127.5
847.5

1,632.6
125.8
836.6

113.1
6.1
51.9

122.1
7.5
56.8

110.6
6.7
50.9

6.7
4.7
5.9

7.4
5.9
6.7

6.8
5.3
6.1

1,754.0
232.2
425.1
71.9
277.5
115.4
99.9

1,756.9
231.7
427.8
72.6
277.1
114.5
102.0

1,780.5
234.6
432.2
73.6
281.2
116.5
102.7

44.9
7.5
9.7
1.9
7.0
2.2
3.3

53.4
9.2
11.9
2.6
7.7
2.1
4.0

51.2
8.8
11.0
2.5
7.5
2.4
3.8

2.6
3.2
2.3
2.6
2.5
1.9
3.3

3.0
4.0
2.8
3.6
2.8
1.9
3.9

2.9
3.7
2.5
3.4
2.7
2.1
3.7

343.0
297.8

353.4
306.0

355.6
305.8

9.8
9.4

13.1
11.6

10.4
9.4

2.9
3.2

3.7
3.8

2.9
3.1

District of Columbia
Washington

339.9
2,197.5

329.8
2,218.6

327.5
2,229.8

17.6
65.5

18.9
62.2

20.1
60.5

5.2
3.0

5.7
2.8

6.1
2.7

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola

6,044.8
152.0
629.2
139.2
449.9
182.9
933.0
568.6
147.2
121.8
127.3
987.9
402.5

6,161.3
153.5
639.7
146.9
453.4
184.2
946.4
583.9
144.3
123.8
130.2
996.2
432.1

6,196.7
155.5
639.2
147.2
458.4
186.2
950.4
586.0
146.2
124.5
130.4
1,003.1
428.8

304.5
7.2
27.6
5.2
23.9
8.9
52.4
25.1
9.0
4.6
4.9
46.7
21.0

290.3
7.1
29.0
4.4
22.3
8.0
54.4
25.8
8.2
3.9
4.8
41.9
20.1

316.4
8.8
31.1
5.5
25.1
9.0
56.5
27.6
9.1
4.5
4.8
47.3
21.3

5.0
4.7
4.4
3.7
5.3
4.9
5.6
4.4
6.1
3.8
3.9
4.7
5.2

4.7
4.6
4.5
3.0
4.9
4.3
5.7
4.4
5.7
3.1
3.7
4.2
4.7

5.1
5.6
4.9
3.8
5.5
4.8
5.9
4.7
6.2
3.6
3.7
4.7
5.0

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
;
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




131

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

175.7
3.2
78.8
9.9
5.5
6.2
6.1

6.1
4.4
5.4
6.5
7.0
5.9
7.5

5.3
3.9
5.1
5.5
5.1
4.7
5.1

5.4
4.1
5.2
5.4
5.4
4.7
5.4

17.6
11.3

17.1
11.0

3.0
2.7

3.4
3.0

3.3
2.9

32.2
4.6

31.8
4.3

25.8
3.6

6.9
4.4

6.6
3.8

5.3
3.2

5,880.5
185.5
72.3
92.3
3,231.8
180.0
59.3
197.0
44.9
289.4
158.7
148.8
110.3

418.9
9.8
3.5
3.8
215.7
13.9
5.9
15.8
4.6
12.1
10.8
11.9
5.7

362.8
9.7
3.4
4.1
178.2
11.9
4.6
13.9
3.9
11.3
9.5
9.1
5.7

336.9
8.7
3.4
3.5
171.9
10.6
4.2
12.4
3.6
10.5
8.9
8.8
5.0

7.4
5.6
5.2
4.4
6.9
7.8
10.2
8.3
10.5
4.5
7.1
8.1
5.4

6.2
5.2
4.7
4.4
5.5
6.5
7.7
7.0
8.5
4.0
6.0
6.1
5.1

5.7
4.7
4.7
3.8
5.3
5.9
7.0
6.3
8.1
3.6
5.6
5.9
4.5

2,850.7
60.1
64.0
98.4
145.2
202.6
261.6
685.6
68.3
61.7
133.4
60.4

2,877.9
60.6
65.1
99.9
146.7
202.4
263.7
692.8
69.0
62.2
134.8
61.1

149.7
3.4
2.0
3.1
9.1
9.9
17.9
29.8
2.1
3.5
6.3
4.0

145.2
3.2
2.0
3.9
8.4
9.0
15.5
28.8
2.1
3.2
6.0
3.5

114.8
2.4
1.6
3.3
6.9
7.1
12.2
23.0
1.7
2.6
5.0
2.7

5.3
5.7
3.3
3.2
6.4
5.0
6.9
4.5
3.1
5.7
4.8
6.6

5.1
5.3
3.1
4.0
5.8
4.4
5.9
4.2
3.1
5.2
4.5
5.8

4.0
4.0
2.4
3.3
4.7
3.5
4.6
3.3
2.4
4.2
3.7
4.5

1,492.4
95.7
229.4
44.1
60.2
70.8

1,513.9
97.2
237.2
44.6
59.8
72.6

1,529.9
97.5
236.7
44.9
60.4
73.1

72.7
4.1
9.1
2.6
3.6
4.5

68.6
3.7
8.9
2.9
2.7
3.7

57.5
3.1
7.8
2.3
2.3
3.5

4.9
4.2
4.0
5.9
6.0
6.3

4.5
3.8
3.8
6.4
4.5
5.2

3.8
3.2
3.3
5.1
3.8
4.7

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,266.2
91.1
249.6

1,286.9
93.2
260.6

1,292.6
94.3
260.1

59.6
3.9
12.7

58.5
4.2
11.6

50.8
3.6
10.4

4.7
4.3
5.1

4.5
4.5
4.4

3.9
3.9
4.0

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,682.1
194.1
496.4
42.3

1,705.2
196.8
505.9
43.7

1,720.3
200.8
509.2
43.7

144.9
11.4
32.4
3.6

134.6
9.0
32.2
3.4

116.9
8.3
27.0
2.8

8.6
5.9
6.5
8.5

7.9
4.6
6.4
7.7

6.8
4.2
5.3
6.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,918.4
60.2
270.0
71.0
99.6
69.3
596.1
164.1

1,888.7
59.2
264.7
69.4
98.7
67.4
590.0
156.9

1,907.1
59.9
268.6
70.5
99.8
67.8
595.7
158.2

196.1
5.7
22.2
8.0
9.3
6.8
53.1
16.5

181.3
5.5
20.0
6.5
8.4
6.2
48.5
15.0

182.4
5.7
20.8
7.1
8.2
6.2
50.1
15.7

10.2
9.4
8.2
11.2
9.3
9.8
8.9
10.1

9.6
9.3
7.6
9.4
8.5
9.2
8.2
9.6

9.6
9.5
7.7
10.0
8.3
9.2
8.4
9.9

590.9
41.7
126.0

590.4
41.7
128.2

599.1
41.8
129.5

25.4
1.8
2.4

25.0
2.2
3.0

25.8
2.1
2.9

4.3
4.4
1.9

4.2
5.3
2.3

4.3
4.9
2.2

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

3,151.1
74.5
1,494.6
183.6
101.8
130.0
114.2

3,252.4
77.4
1,528.1
184.2
101.9
134.3
113.3

3,230.3
76.5
1,517.1
182.5
101.4
132.9
113.3

192.3
3.3
80.1
12.0
7.1
7.6
8.5

172.4
3.0
78.3
10.2
5.2
6.3
5.8

Hawaii
Honolulu

515.0
382.8

513.9
379.2

514.0
379.0

15.7
10.4

Idaho
Boise City

465.3
103.0

482.6
112.1

485.2
112.0

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,655.8
174.3
67.6
87.7
3,119.4
178.8
57.8
191.2
44.3
269.1
150.9
146.1
105.8

5,894.1
185.3
72.1
93.6
3,233.6
182.2
60.2
198.3
45.3
286.5
159.2
149.6
111.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,801.1
59.6
61.4
95.8
142.3
197.1
257.1
667.1
67.4
61.0
130.4
60.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

132




Apr.
1988

Mar.

Apr.
1988

Apr.
1989P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

94.5
49.5

4.5
4.9

4.0
4.4

3.8
4.2

128.2
51.6
4.7
5.5
2.5
8.8
6.4
5.8
2.3
10.2
8.6

117.8
49.1
4.3
4.5
2.4
8.8
6.2
4.8
2.0
9.5
8.0

2.9
2.5
3.4
4.8
3.1
3.7
2.8
4.7
4.4
2.8
2.6

4.1
3.3
4.7
7.1
5.4
4.7
4.1
6.7
5.7
4.1
3.8

3.7
3.1
4.3
5.8
4.9
4.6
4.0
5.5
5.0
3.7
3.5

341.0
6.0
4.7
5.3
160.5
28.6
17.9
4.6
5.1
13.5
5.9
14.0

324.4
7.3
4.5
5.6
148.7
17.6
18.0
4.6
5.9
13.7
5.7
13.4

277.8
4.9
3.8
4.8
128.4
16.1
16.2
3.9
5.1
11.3
5.2
11.1

7.5
3.7
7.4
6.7
7.4
14.8
5.0
7.1
4.4
5.6
8.8
7.7

7.1
4.4
7.0
7.2
6.8
9.4
5.0
6.9
5.0
5.7
8.5
7.4

6.1
3.0
6.0
6.1
5.9
8.7
4.5
5.9
4.3
4.7
7.8
6.1

2,299.8
105.9
1,371.2
60.0
95 4

86.9
6.9
41.5
1.5
4.1

104.4
6.6
50.3
1.8
5.5

108.8
6.9
52.5
1.8
5.7

3.7
6.5
3.0
2.4
4.3

4.5
6.3
3.6
3.0
5.7

4.7
6.5
3.8
3.1
6.0

1 145.1
198.3

1,145.2
200.0

75.0
9.5

98.2
11.2

90.6
10.7

6.6
4.8

8.6
5.6

7.9
5.4

2,573.4
837.1
1 239 8
121.7

2,595.2
851.6
1 260 7
126.8

2,600.4
849.9
1,256.7
126.1

142.1
42.3
74.0
5.3

153.9
43.7
76.3
5.7

133.6
40.5
64.9
5.3

5.5
5.1
6.0
4.3

5.9
5.1
6.1
4.5

5.1
4.8
5.2
4.2

398 9

396.1

398.5

30.4

30.6

24.1

7.6

7.7

6.1

3.4
2.4
3.9

3.5
2.6
3.6

2.8
2.3
3.2

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

Maryland
Baltimore

2,453.8
1,180.1

2,496.3
1,192.7

2,496.3
1,192.7

111.0
58.2

99.0
52.1

Massachusetts1
Boston .
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,132.7
1,557.6
97.7
76.3
48.3
188.4
152.3
84 9
40.0
251.6
222.6

3,156.4
1,558.1
100.2
76 4
47.2
188.3
155.1
87 6
40.1
252.1
227.9

3,178.4
1,569.1
100.7
77 1
48.1
190.2
156.1
87 8
40.7
253.9
230.8

91.5
39.3
3.3
3.7
1.5
7.0
4.3
4.0
1.7
7.1
5.7

4,527.6
162.4
63.6
78.7
2,171.9
193.1
354.4
64 5
1163
243.6
67.6
181.2

4,567.7
166.6
64.8
78.5
2,194.5
186.4
363.1
66.3
118.9
241.0
66.8
182.2

4,537.0
165.1
63.9
79.1
2,175.4
184.1
360.8
65.3
118.3
241.3
66.4
180.3

2,319.5
106 9
1,373.8
60.1
95 2

2,308.4
105.7
1,387.0
60.9
95 1

1 134 1
197.6

.

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek.
. . . .
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

.

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
Montana

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

...

...

.

...

.

Apr.
1989P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

807.8
125.1
322.2

811.9
127.0
326.6

816.9
127.3
326.9

27.9
3.0
12.5

28.5
3.3
11.9

23.2
2.9
10.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

578 0
337 7
138.7

602 4
355.4
140.7

607 8
358.3
142.4

33.0
20.4
7.1

34.7
20.5
7.6

31.7
19.1
6.8

5.7
6.0
5.1

5.8
5.8
5.4

5.2
5.3
4.8

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

595.5
85.6
99 4
130.4

610.2
85.7
100 5
133.3

606.8
85.6
99 6
133.0

15.1
1.6
2.5
2.4

16.7
2.1
3.0
3.1

16.6
2.0
2.8
2.6

2.5
1.9
2.5
1.8

2.7
2.5
3.0
2.4

2.7
2.3
2.8
2.0

3,953.1
170.2
716.7
267.5
560.0
469 6
952.0
172.9
57.6

4,003.2
175.2
726.0
271.0
572.7
474 6
960.7
174.3
59.0

3,960.2
175.1
717.7
268.4
566.9
474 0
947.3
171.7
58.0

125.0
8.1
19.1
15.4
12.1
12.2
30.9
4.2
3.7

136.2
8.7
21.9
14.4
13.7
15.1
33.1
4.7
4.0

142.5
8.6
23.2
16.2
13.8
15.1
36.2
4.8
3.9

3.2
4.7
2.7
5.8
2.2
2.6
3.2
2.4
6.5

3.4
5.0
3.0
5.3
2.4
3.2
3.4
2.7
6.8

3.6
4.9
3.2
6.0
2.4
3.2
3.8
2.8
6.7

689.1
263.9
55 8
66.9

681.9
260.7
55.2
64.9

683.8
262.1
54 8
64.9

57.9
15.7
4.2
3.8

52.2
14.7
4.2
3.3

48.1
14.2
3.8
2.7

8.4
6.0
7.5
5.6

7.7
5.6
7.7
5.1

7.0
5.4
6.9
4.2

New Jersey1
Atlantic City . ...
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.




133

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,237.8
406.5
123.0
431.6
40.5
1,378.2
3,810.0
3,154.7
127.8
124.6
481.3
305.3
130.6

8,491.0
425.9
127.7
448.2
42.5
1,419.4
3,879.6
3,210.7
135.2
129.3
506.9
314.7
137.4

8,646.5
432.2
129.3
456.1
43.4
1,446.1
3,940.6
3,260.4
137.5
131.4
514.1

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,265.5
86.1
619.0
515.7
392.9

3,378.9
89.1
653.5
529.8
410.5

3,424.0
90.5
656.1

327.6
44.8
84.6
34.8

318.7
44.8
84.9
34.6

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,281.3
324.0
189.5
753.7
925.5
704.0
464.6
307.7
220.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Apr.
1988

282.9
12.1
3.8
18.3
1.2
33.6
136.3

122.3
3.6
2.5

Mar.
1989

392.3
18.3
5.9
25.4

1.9
49.8
172.6
150.1
6.2
4.4

Apr.
1989P

480.1
20.6
7.1
30.0
2.1
61.5
223.1
195.7
7.4

4.9
23.6

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

3.4
3.0
3.1
4.2
3.1
2.4
3.6
3.9
2.8
2.0
3.1
3.8
4.0

4.6
4.3
4.6
5.7
4.4
3.5
4.4
4.7
4.6
3.4
4.1
5.0
5.9

5.6
4.8
5.5
6.6
4.9
4.3
5.7
6.0
5.4
3.8
4.6
5.6
6.6

3.2
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.1

4.0
3.3
3.5
3.6
2.7

14.8
11.6
5.3

20.9
15.7
8.1

9.3

109.9
2.5
19.0
14.5

136.0
3.0

9.6

109.5
2.4
19.4
16.4
8.5

11.1

3.4
2.9
3.1
2.8
2.4

321.0
45.1
84.6
34.7

16.5
2.3
2.7
1.4

16.5
2.2
3.0
1.3

14.3
1.8
2.7
1.4

5.0
5.1
3.2
4.0

5.2
4.8
3.6
3.8

4.5
4.1
3.1
4.1

5,375.3
331.2
191.5
772.0
938.3
724.7
475.7
316.0
223.7

5,357.2
328.6
191.6
775.6
933.9
722.3
474.4
315.1
221.9

317.2
19.9
13.2
38.4
51.6
34.2
23.0
17.7
15.9

306.9
19.1
12.1
35.1
46.1
34.4
23.8
18.7
15.9

272.7
16.7
10.9
31.6
41.2
31.5
21.4
16.9
13.7

6.0
6.2
7.0
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.9
5.8
7.2

5.7
5.8
6.3
4.5
4.9
4.7
5.0
5.9
7.1

5.1
5.1
5.7
4.1
4.4
4.4
4.5
5.4
6.2

1,520.2
28.7
48.9
492.9
335.9

1,498.4
27.5
47.5
482.2
335.8

1,499.2
27.5
48.0
483.7
335.7

94.6
1.5
2.7
24.9
23.4

98.3
1.5
2.6
25.5
23.6

85.9
1.3
2.4
22.0
20.2

6.2
5.4
5.6
5.0
7.0

6.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
7.0

5.7
4.6
5.0
4.5
6.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,392.2
139.8
632.7
128.9

1,439.2
146.1
659.2
134.4

1,456.2
147.2
667.9
135.9

87.1
7.7
31.4
8.8

88.9
8.2

29.0
8.5

81.7
7.5
28.9
8.1

6.3
5.5
5.0
6.8

6.2
5.6
4.4
6.3

5.6
5.1
4.3
6.0

Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

5,680.3
319.4
57.8
59.3
127.8
312.9
92.0
215.5
2,389.3
948.9
171.0
349.9
58.9
213.6

5,892.1
332.7
60.4
60.0
133.6
327.2
96.2
225.3
2,462.6
980.6
179.1
364.8
61.0
224.8

5,840.1
331.0
60.0

261.1
12.2
3.6
5.2
7.3

10.6
6.0
6.4

250.2
12.7
3.6
4.3
6.5
11.1
6.5
6.2

234.4
12.5
3.4
4.1
6.4
10.0
5.6
5.7

86.8
52.4
7.6
18.4
2.8
8.0

84.1
45.3
6.6
18.1
3.5
7.8

82.1
41.8
6.6
16.7
3.4
7.5

4.6
3.8
6.2
8.7
5.7
3.4
6.5
3.0
3.6
5.5
4.5
5.2
4.7
3.8

4.2
3.8
5.9
7.2
4.8
3.4
6.7
2.7
3.4
4.6
3.7
5.0
5.8
3.5

4.0
3.8
5.6
6.8
4.8
3.1
5.9
2.5
3.4
4.3
3.7
4.6
5.6
3.4

518.6
164.0
340.2

534.4
169.2
350.2

536.1
169.4
351.0

MA
6.5
11.0

22.9
8.6
14.3

22.1
8.2
14.0

3.4
4.0
3.2

4.3
5.1
4.1

4.1
4.9
4.0

1,677.3
229.4
236.7
334.9

1,710.4
232.5
239.3
344.8

1,718.4
235.3
243.1
347.0

78.1
9.1
8.1
11.6

75.2
8.6
7.4
10.9

68.8
7.8
7.7

10.8

4.7
4.0
3.4
3.5

4.4
3.7
3.1
3.2

4.0
3.3
3.2
3.1

356.1
38.9
73.5

353.0
38.3
73.8

358.2
38.9
73.5

13.1
1.7
3.1

14.8
1.6
3.1

12.6
1.4
2.2

3.7
4.3
4.3

4.2
4.2
4.3

3.5
3.7
3.0

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

134




322.8
140.4

534.1
414.2

59.6
132.1
325.1
95.1
223.9
2,434.0
974.3
177.5
360.2
60.4
222.5

18.1

22.9
19.3

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989P

126.4
13.1
9.7
16.2
22.0
21.2

5.8
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.0
4.3

6.0
5.5
5.4
7.0
5.1
4.4

5.4
6.1
4.5
5.7
4.9
4.1

517.9
3.1
5.0
20.6
13.5
5.2
10.9
2.6
12.1
69.6
22.9
34.6
6.9
87.8
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.8
26.0
2.6
4.0
2.3
39.5
3.4
4.1
4.7
2.1
4.7
3.4

575.9
3.7
5.6
23.7
15.6
6.0
11.8
2.8
14.1
79.9
24.6
39.4
7.9
100.0
7.6
6.6
7.4
5.6
26.4
3.0
4.4
2.5
44.6
3.1
4.7
5.2
2.4
5.3
3.3

7.0
6.3
5.5
5.6
10.2
8.1
13.2
4.1
9.5
5.6
10.0
6.0
8.8
6.7
7.4
13.6
8.3
5.1
15.4
6.0
7.1
5.5
7.2
6.1
7.7
7.1
6.7
6.8
5.9

6.3
5.9
5.2
4.9
8.4
6.3
11.1
4.3
7.8
4.9
9.7
5.1
6.6
5.4
7.0
13.3
8.3
6.0
16.4
5.4
7.7
5.2
6.6
7.1
7.2
6.3
6.0
5.1
6.0

7.0
6.8
5.8
5.6
9.6
7.1
11.8
4.6
8.9
5.6
10.3
5.8
7.4
6.1
8.0
13.4
9.3
5.0
16.7
6.1
8.5
5.6
7.4
6.5
8.2
7.0
6.6
5.7
5.9

40.6
4.6
25.1

42.5
5.1
26.5

38.9
4.7
24.1

5.5
4.5
5.2

5.5
4.8
5.3

5.1
4.4
4.8

301.4
75.7

8.9
1.2

11.6
2.0

12.8
2.0

3.1
1.6

3.8
2.7

4.2
2.6

3,050.5
66.1
51.5
70.0
595.5
447.9
119.7

3,084.3
67.5
52.2
70.0
603.4
452.7
120.4

118.5
1.7
3.8
3.2
27.1
15.2
4.6

124.2
1.8
3.3
3.9
27.3
17.5
4.4

100.9
1.5
3.0
2.4
23.9
14.7
3.8

3.8
2.5
7.3
4.6
4.5
3.4
3.8

4.1
2.8
6.4
5.6
4.6
3.9
3.7

3.3
2.3
5.7
3.4
4.0
3.2
3.2

2,266.1
1,006.9

2,354.9
1,063.8

2,389.4
1,077.0

139.8
49.8

151.3
49.5

141.3
48.4

6.2
4.9

6.4
4.6

5.9
4.5

738.5
114.4
124.5
69.8
71.5

746.7
116.6
127.6
71.6
72.0

756.4
117.3
127.4
71.7
73.4

76.0
9.8
10.9
5.3
6.7

60.8
8.1
9.6
5.1
5.0

61.4
8.1
8.7
4.9
4.9

10.3
8.5
8.7
7.6
9.3

8.1
7.0
7.5
7.2
7.0

8.1
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.7

2,552.2
169.2
72.6
105.6
73.6
55.7
56.5
221.8
753.8
88.8
61.4

2,595.6
172.9
73.7
109.5
74.5
55.1
58.8
224.5
772.5
91.6
63.0

2,605.8
174.7
74.5
109.5
74.4
54.4
59.5
225.9
773.5
91.8
63.5

112.6
6.7
3.1
4.6
3.4
2.4
2.1
5.9
28.9
3.9
3.0

134.4
8.1
4.2
5.0
3.8
3.9
2.7
7.0
30.8
4.9
3.7

110.7
7.4
3.3
4.2
3.6
4.6
2.2
5.3
26.7
4.3
2.9

4.4
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.7
4.3
3.7
2.7
3.8
4.4
4.8

5.2
4.7
5.7
4.5
5.1
7.1
4.6
3.1
4.0
5.3
5.8

4.2
4.2
4.4
3.8
4.8
8.5
3.7
2.3
3.5
4.7
4.6

230.2

225.3

222.7

14.3

16.1

13.2

6.2

7.1

5.9

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989?

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,340.6
210.7
214.1
285.5
437.7
524.2

2,368.0
215.0
215.8
283.8
450.9
519.7

2,358.1
215.9
214.9
282.7
449.1
518.5

134.7
11.3
12.2
16.6
22.1
22.8

141.6
11.7
11.6
19.8
23.2
22.9

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,204.2
52.6
97.9
427.3
161.1
81.4
96.5
58.1
159.3
1,443.6
238.3
680.7
108.2
1,589.1
92.4
46.5
77.6
112.0
149.2
48.9
53.0
44.5
601.1
48.8
56.9
74.3
35.9
91.7
56.9

8,159.5
53.3
96.0
416.3
159.7
82.1
98.2
59.6
155.3
1,414.9
236.6
673.1
103.5
1,611.7
94.5
48.8
78.3
113.7
158.9
48.3
51.2
44.8
595.6
47.6
56.5
74.5
35.5
91.7
56.1

8,242.0
53.8
97.3
420.2
162.4
83.5
99.6
60.6
158.2
1,428.6
238.5
681.2
105.9
1,626.4
95.8
49.3
79.2
112.4
158.0
48.6
51.6
44.9
604.6
47.3
57.3
74.9
35.8
92.3
56.2

574.9
3.3
5.3
24.0
16.4
6.6
12.7
2.4
15.2
80.4
23.7
41.0
9.5
106.6
6.8
6.3
6.5
5.7
22.9
3.0
3.8
2.5
43.4
3.0
4.4
5.3
2.4
6.3
3.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

742.8
102.1
485.5

770.6
107.5
503.5

767.1
107.0
501.3

Vermont
Burlington

292.6
73.7

306.4
75.2

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,085.9
68.5
52.1
70.7
608.4
443.0
121.7

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
1

Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1988 have been




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Apr.
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989^

benchmarked to 1988 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1989 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.

135

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
137

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

138




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment." are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who




were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the
present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
139

specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
140




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

141

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
142




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
143

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo144




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Number of sample
areas

Households eligible
Interviewed

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 . .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

68
230
1330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Households visited but
not eligible

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutionai population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




145

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
146




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
. samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
147

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers). .
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present...
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

148




Standard error of—

.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction...
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 ..
100 .
500 . . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
-

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104^
109
108
74

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
Total or
white men Black men
Black,
16
to
only, or
white, 16 to
only, or
19 years
19 years
women only women only
12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72

12
16
32
35

11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

149

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
1
2

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
-

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
-

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
_

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change -

//stand-\ 2 /stand-\ 2
/( ard I
( ard )
f I error / + V error #-2(P)

Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41

150




Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
_

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
_

14
19
37
39
_

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

30

35

50

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

30

35

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly/ unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000.
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14
-

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15
-

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18
-

25
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
-

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
-

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
-

50
15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
-

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




151

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force.
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total.
Men o n l y . . . .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50

.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total
Part time.

152




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 . .
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 . . .
1,000 .
1,500 .
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

rari-iime
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
-

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
-

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
-

153

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers., farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
154




Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digit industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 143 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and

values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-(100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless




earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a Ml week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
155

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(Sic 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
156




group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The 'link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-

ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, oi
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

' The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-

sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 19881
Sample coverage1
Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
Industry

Total .
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government...

158




Percent
difference

Benchmark

Estimate

103,835

104,161

-0.3

711
4,686
19,171

723
4,787
19,302

-1.7
-2.2
-.7

5,437
5,926
18,551

5,473
6,016
18,612

-.7
-1.5
-.3

6,594
25,103
17,656

6,599
24,978
17,671

-.1
.5
-.1

Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal.
State . .
Local

Benchmarks

Number of
establishments

Employees
Percent of
Number benchmarks

103,835

262,856

38,922

37

711
4,686
19,171

3,361
24,924
49,889

276
917
9,483

39
20
49

5,437
5,926
18,551

2

14,091
22,810
49,015

2

2,482
1,062
3,704

46
18
20

6,594
25,103

19,711
58,713

2,126
5,795

32
23

2,964
4,151
10,541

(3)
4,883
15,459

2,964
3,406
6,707

100
82
64

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours

Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
1

error2

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

. .

.3
2.2
1.8
.7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

\ / (standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000 .
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




1
2

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

159

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

Total .

88.900

89,500

Total private .

61,300

58,900

Goods-producing industries.

21,200

19,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,400
3,800

4,200
3,300

Construction
General building contractors.

14,400
4,900

15,100
5,100

Manufacturing.

18,200

18,300

13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300

12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300

3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800

3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800

8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800

8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700

4,500
1,600
2,100

4,000
1,400
2,000

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products ..
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,600
1,200

2,800
1,200

1,600
1,700

1,600
1,600

85,400

85,700

14,600
16,600

13,000
16,000

6,500

6,100

8,700
5,800
5^000

7,700
5,300
4^400

Retail trade
General merchandise stores . ..
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places .

38,600
22,800
6,800

34,400
20,400
6,000

4,200
10,100

5,100
9,500

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . . .
Insurance
Real estate .

8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000

7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000

36,600
11,700
10,200

34,900
10,700
10,000

59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600

53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities ..
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.

Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.

Services
Business services.
Health services.
Government.
Federal.
State
Local .

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.

160

Monthly
level

..

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U),
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table
D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected




demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of
Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties and cities and other
small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report
''Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published
monthly through GPO and is available in microfiche form
only, on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
161

estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics."
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (Ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the ui claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
162




the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Sub-State monthly labor force and unemployment estimates
in over 2,600 labor market areas (LMA's) are prepared in
several stages.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State ui laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA's
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical
relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment,
nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)
are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures.The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the




total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning in
June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to paralled that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are now calculated only for the first 6 months after
benchmarking. A second set of projected seasonal adjustment
factors, for use during the subsequent period, will be
computed based upon data through September and introduced
with the publication of data for October. Revisions of
historical data for the most recent 5 years will continue to
be made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions,
and published in a Supplement to Employment and Earnings.
The BLS is also working on an extension to X-ll ARIMA
to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey
reference period (as well as for the occasional effects of
Labor Day in the September survey reference period). If this
research proves successful, this extension will be introduced
for the computation of the seasonal adjustment factors to be
published in November 1989.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban

163

Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For
total private, total goods-producing, total private serviceproducing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by
summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These

164




failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series
based on the experience through March 1989, new seasonal
adjustment factors for April-September, and a description
of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the
June 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI

GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 25501, Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, 733-A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.
-Division of Employment and Training, 1330 Fox Street, Denver 80204
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark 19711
-Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services,
500 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 20001
-Bureau of Labor Market Information, Florida Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive, Suite 203
Tallahassee 32399-0674
-Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, 830 Punchbowl Street, Room 304, Honolulu 96813
-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735
-Bureau of Employment Security, 401 S. State St. Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114
-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699
-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104
-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240
-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216
-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building,
Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311
-Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121
-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl.,
Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th Fl., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
-Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division-of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801
-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504
-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,
Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602