Full text of Employment and Earnings : July 2000

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U.S. Department of Laoor
3 u r 9 a i of _abor Star s i c s
July l!C00

in this issue:
Second quarter 2000 averages
for household survey data

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

July 2000
Vol. 47 No. 7

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010),
is published monthly and prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration
with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by
the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce) and
State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The State agencies are listed on
the inside back cover.
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Communications on material in this publication should be
addressed to: Editors, Employment & Earnings, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212. Specific questions
concerning the data in this publication, or their availability,
should be directed as follows:
Household data:
Telephone: (202)691-6378
E-mail: CPSInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
National establishment data:
Telephone: (202)691-6555
E-mail: CESInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
State and area establishment data:
Telephone: (202)691-6559
E-mail: Data_SA @bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
Region, State, and area labor force data:
Telephone: (202)691-6392
E-mail: Lauslnfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment & Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Annual averages

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Minimum wage data

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages

May

Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
Information in this publication will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone
(202)691-5200: Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott

Editor
John F. Stinson Jr.
Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, June 2000
New seasonal adjustment factors for household data series
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
v
1
3
5
162
206

Statistical tables

Source

.
. .
Historical
u

Seasonally
,.
,
adjusted

20

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Household data:
Quarterly average




Not
seasonally
adjusted

46

50
55

67
80
80

47

63

98
121

125
127

138

132
132

149

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date

7

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date

8

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

9
10
12
13

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

14
15

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

16
17
18
19
19

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

20
23
24
26
27

,

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

28
29
30
31
32
32
33
34
35

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
42

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

42

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




43

44

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

46
47

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

50
52
53

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

54

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

55

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

63
64
65
66

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

67

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

79

States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

80

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

98
118
119
120
121

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

125
127

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

132

iii

Quarterly Household Data
Page

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l.
D-2.
D-3.
D-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

138
139
141
142

Characteristics of the Employed
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex

143
144

Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-7.
D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
D-l 1.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

145
146
147
148
148

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l3. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age

149
150

Characteristics of the Employed
D-l4. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-l5. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

151
152
153

Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

154
155
156

Weekly Earnings Data
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex

157
158
159

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
D-24. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin




IV

160
161

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

162
162
163
163

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

164
164
164
166
166
168

Establishment data
Data collection
Concepts
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment

182
182
182
185
185
185
185
185
185

170
170
171
171
172
172
172
173
173
173
173
174
174
174
174
175
175

Establishment data—Continued
Summary of methods table
Measures of error table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Revisions between preliminary and final data
CES sample redesign
Original sample design limitations
The new CES sample design
Frame and sample selection
Sample enrollment activities
Estimation
Benchmarking
Business birth and death estimation
Difference between the birth/death model and
bias adjustment
Variance estimation for CES redesign estimates
Appropriate uses of sampling variances in CES
Sampling errors for wholesale trade
Statistics for States and areas

189
190
190
190
190
190
196
196
197
197
198
198
198
198
199
201
201
201
201
201
201
202

Seasonal adjustment

203

The hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000 affects current levels of Federal Government employment and
higher aggregates that include the Federal Government. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000,
262,000, 618,000, and 428,000 in January, February, March, April, May, and June 2000, respectively. Preliminary
employment estimates ("B" tables) that include these workers may be subject to larger than normal revisions. For
additional information, see "Counting the counters: effects of Census 2000 on employment" in the February 2000




189

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

Note on Temporary Census Workers

issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

186
188
188
188
189
189
189

202
202
202
202

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, June 2000

T

otal nonfarm payroll employment was little changed
in June. Private-sector payroll employment rose by
206,000, following a decline of 165,000 (as revised)
in May. The June increase in private payrolls was largely
offset by a decline in Federal Government employment, as
190,000 temporary workers hired for the decennial census
completed their work. The unemployment rate was 4.0 percent in June, about the same as in May. Average hourly
earnings increased by 5 cents over the month and by 3.6
percent over the year.

Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.6 million, and
the unemployment rate, 4.0 percent, were little changed in
June. The jobless rate has been in a 3.9- to 4.1 -percent range
since October 1999. Unemployment rates for the major
worker groups—adult men (3.2 percent), adult women (3.8
percent), teenagers (11.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent),
blacks (7.9 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)—showed
little or no change over the month. (See tables A-3 and
A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment rose by 464,000 to 135.2 million, seasonally adjusted, in June. The employment-population ratio—
the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs—
was 64.5 percent, compared with 64.3 percent in May. During the first 4 months of this year, the employment-population ratio had ranged from 64.7 to 64.9 percent. In June, the
civilian labor force was about unchanged at 140.8 million,
seasonally adjusted. (See table A-3.)
Approximately 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in June. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of total employment, compared with 5.6 percent a year earlier. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in June. These people
wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number
of discouraged workers was 308,000 in June, up from
220,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, were not currently looking for work




specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 11,000 to
131.6 million in June, seasonally adjusted. Private-sector
employment rose by 206,000, following a decline in May.
So far this year, the number of private-sector jobs has increased by an average of 177,000 per month, compared with
202,000 per month for all of 1999. Government employment declined by 195,000 in June; this included the departure of 190,000 temporary census workers from Federal
Government payrolls. (See table B-3.)
Employment in the services industry rose by 148,000 in
June, after an unusually small gain (17,000) in May. Business services added 54,000 jobs in June, following a loss of
20,000 in May. In hotels and in amusements and recreation,
job growth was above average in June; there had been little
growth in either industry in May. Health services experienced an above-average employment increase of 15,000, following 2 months of sluggish growth. Employment in engineering and management services continued on a strong
growth trend.
Retail trade added 49,000 jobs over the month, with an
increase of 35,000 in eating and drinking places. During
the first 6 months of the year, retail employment growth
averaged 32,000 a month, about in line with the monthly
average for all of 1999. Employment in miscellaneous retail
establishments also rose over the month, while job losses
continued in department stores and in building materials
and garden supplies stores.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by
18,000 in June, following a rare decline in May. Jobs added
in communications and air transportation accounted for
nearly all of the June growth.
In wholesale trade, employment declined for the second
consecutive month. For the first 6 months of 2000, average
monthly employment gains in the industry were less than
half of the average monthly increase in 1999.
Finance, insurance, and real estate continued to lose jobs
in June. After 4-1/2 years of steady growth, employment in
these industries has fallen by 20,000 thus far this year, including losses in commercial banks (14,000), savings institutions (6,000), mortgage banks (25,000), and insurance
(18,000). In contrast, security brokerages added 30,000 jobs
over the first half of the year, including a gain of 7,000 in

June. Real estate employment declined by 10,000 in June,
offsetting nearly all of the increase during the first 5 months
of the year.
Federal Government employment fell by 197,000 in June,
as 190,000 temporary census jobs ended. Small job declines
continued elsewhere in the Federal Government.
In the goods-producing sector, employment in manufacturing was little changed in June. Since October 1999, net
job gains in durable goods manufacturing (38,000) have been
largely offset by job losses in nondurable goods (34,000). In
June, durable goods added 14,000 jobs, while nondurable
employment fell by 6,000. Within durables, job gains continued in electronic components and fabricated metals. Industrial machinery and autos also added jobs in June, but
the recent trend in these industries is less clear. Employment declines resumed in aircraft manufacturing. Within
nondurables, job losses continued in apparel and in textiles.
Employment rose in food products and in printing and publishing; both industries appear to have returned to a slow
growth trend.
Construction employment was essentially unchanged in
June. Job growth in the industry averaged 20,000 a month
in the first half of 2000, compared with 25,000 a month in
all of 1999. Mining employment edged up in June. Since




August 1999, the oil and gas component of mining has added
19,000 jobs. These gains have been partly offset by declines
in coal mining.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour
in June to 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 41.6 hours. Manufacturing overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
0.3 percent to 151.2 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing index was up by 0.4 percent to 106.3. (See
table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in
June to $13.71, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent to $473.00. Over
the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly
earnings grew by 3.6 percent. (See table B-ll.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

July

August 4

October

November 3

August

September 1

November

December 8

September

October 6

December

January 5

New Seasonal Adjustment Factors
for Household Data Series

Robert J. Mclntire

S

emiannually, the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes
the factors to be used during the following 6 months
for seasonal adjustment of the major labor force series.
Table 1 presents the seasonal adjustment factors for the 12
major labor force components for the period July-December
2000. The factors for these components for the first 6 months
of 2000 were published in the January 2000 issue of
Employment and Earnings. The 12 seasonally adjusted series
which result from the application of these factors are used
in the computation of the seasonally adjusted figures for the
national overall levels of labor force, employment, and
unemployment and for the overall unemployment rate.
The new seasonal factors have been extrapolated using
the X-ll ARIMA program with data from January 1990
Robert J. Mclntire is an economist and Chief of the Division of Data
Development and Publications, Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6345; email:
McIntire_R@ bls.gov

through June 2000 for each series. The ARIMA models used
were the same as those used earlier in the year for the
extrapolation of the factors for January through June; they
were identified in the January 2000 issue of this publication.
The historical seasonally adjusted data, including those for
the first 6 months of 2000, will not be revised until the
beginning of 2001.
Because of the changes introduced at the beginning of
1994, 1997, and 1999 in the survey and the processing procedures on which the labor force series estimates are based,1
prior adjustment factors were used in these X-ll ARIMA
runs to link the pre-1994, pre-1997, and/or pre-1999 data
with the subsequent data for purposes of seasonal adjustment. Without prior adjustment, those changes could have
caused distortion in the seasonal decomposition. The pre'The changes were described in articles in the February 1994, 1997,
and 1999 issues, respectively, of this publication.

Table 1. Prior adjustment and July-December 2000 seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 major civilian labor force components

Procedure and series

Prior
adjustment
factors

Seasonal adjustment factors
July

August

September

October

November

.776
.860
.853

1.097
1.118
1.582
1.538

1.067
1.072
1.407
1.493

1.053
1.059
1.005
1.022

1.031
1.026
.853
.867

.998
.927
.797
.669

.920
.916
.778
.661

.996,1.003
3
.996

1.004
.987

1.004

1.000
1.001

1.003
1.006

1.004
1.008

1.001
1.010

.938
.976

.977
1.076

.930
1.099

.925
1.030

.912
.949

.906
.956

.995
.875

-68
-96

760
646

400
350

-161
-196

-59
-187

-134
-120

-125
-1

-47

134

-56
-16

-42
-2

-47
-12

-44
-15

-68
-106

December

Multiplicative adjustment
(Divide factor into original value)
Agricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over.
Unemployment:
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over .

2

Additive adjustment
(Subtract factor from original value)
Nonagricultural employment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years
Unemployment:
Men, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 to 19 years .
1

0

No prior adjustment was done.
For this series, the factors are pre-1997 and pre-1999. The first factor shows
the adjustment of pre-1997 data relative to subsequent data; the second factor
shows the adjustment of pre-1999 data relative to subsequent data. The actual
2




net adjustment to pre-1997 data is the product of the two factors.
3
For this series, the prior adjusted period was pre-1999 rather than pre1994.

1994, pre-1997, and pre-1999 prior adjustment factors used
in these runs were the same as those used in the runs that
provided the factors for January through June. The prior
adjustment factors for the 12 major components are shown
in table 1 alongside the seasonal factors.
More detailed information on the seasonal adjustment
procedures and the revision of historical data is included in
"Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series,"
Employment and Earnings, January 2000.
Data for any of the several hundred seasonally adjusted




labor force series and the July-December 2000 seasonal
adjustment factors for any of the other independently
adjusted series—there are about 170 in addition to the 12
major components—may be obtained from BLS upon
request. Requests for data or inquiries concerning seasonal
adjustment methods or the availability of machine-readable
files of other labor force data should be addressed to the
Division of Data Development and Publications, Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001.

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Category
June

July

Aug. | Sept.

Nov.

| Oct.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

| May

June

Labor force status

207.632 207.828 208.038 208.265 208.483 208,666 208.832 208,782 208,907 209.053 209,216 209,371 209.543
139.332 139.336 139.372 139.475 139.697 139.834 140.108 140.910 141,165 140.867 141.230 140.489 140,762
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.5
67.4
67.6
67.5
67.1
67.2
133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134.098 134,420 135.221 135.362 135.159 135.706 134.715 135.179
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
64.8
64.9
64.8
64.3
64.5
5,937
5,842
5,934
5,825
5.757
5,736
5.688
5.689
5,708
5.524
5.804
5.774
5.583
68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67.872 67.742 68.187 67.986 68.882 68.781

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

Unemployment rates
4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
3.8
7.6
6.6

All workers
Men, 20 years and O'er
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
3.7
8.6
6.3

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
3.7
7.8
6.5

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
3.6
8.3
6.6

4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0
3.5
8.0
6.1

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8
3.5
8.3
6.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8
3.5
7.9
5.9

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6
3.4
8.2
5.6

4.1
3.4
3.5
14.1
3.6
7.8
5.7

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.3
3.6
7.3
6.3

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.7
3.5
7.2
5.4

4.1
3.4
3.8
12.5
3.5
8.0
5.8

4.0
3.2
3.8
11.6
3.4
7.9
5.6

the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Industry

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Total
Total Drivate
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries . .
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate
Services
Government

128,630
108,507
25,432
529
6,388
18,515
103,198
6,817
6,905
22,810
7,573
38,970
20,123

128,898
108,735
25,488
528
6,408
18,552
103,410
6,834
6,927
22,833
7,583
39,070
20,163

129,057
108,846
25,430
526
6,401
18,503
103,627
6,848
6,946
22,841
7,590
39,191
20,211

129,265
109,042
25,460
527
6,439
18,494
103,805
6,866
6,962
22,844
7,589
39,321
20,223

129,523
109,275
25,483
529
6,470
18,484
104,040
6,875
6,973
22,863
7,599
39,482
20,248

129,788
109,517
25,527
527
6,516
18,484
104,261
6,898
6,989
22,893
7,604
39,606
20,271

Total
. .
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturina
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate
Services
Government

253
233
-4
-3
24
-25
257
20
7
47
14
149
20

268
228
56
-1
20
37
212
17
22
23
10
100
40

159
111
-58
-2
-7
-49
217
14
19
8
7
121
48

208
196
30
1
38
-9
178
18
16
3
-1
130
12

258
233
23
2
31
-10
235
9
11
19
10
161
25

265
242
44
-2
46
0
221
23
16
30
5
124
23

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

June?

130,387
110,036
25,677
530
6,652
18,495
104,710
6,925
7,005
22,973
7,612
39,844
20,351

130,482
110,088
25,624
533
6,618
18,473
104,858
6,937
7,011
22,978
7,624
39,914
20,394

131,009
110,462
25,738
536
6,726
18,476
105,271
6,953
7,033
23,027
7,621
40,090
20,547

131,419
110,752
25,725
539
6,694
18,492
105,694
6,970
7,055
23,197
7,610
40,195
20,667

131,590
110,587
25,687
537
6,670
18,480
105,903
6,961
7,047
23,081
7,599
40,212
21,003

131,601
110,793
25,700
539
6,673
18,488
105,901
6,979
7,031
23,130
7,593
40,360
20,808

100
16
233
14
3
37
-1
137
43

95
52
-53
3
-34
-22
148
12
6
5
12
70
43

527
374
114
3
108
3
413
16
22
49
-3
176
153

410
290
-13
3
-32
16
423
17
22
170
-11
105
120

171
-165
-38
-2
-24
-12
209
-9
-8
-116
-11
17
336

11
206
13
2
3
8
-2
18
-16
49
-6
148
-195

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.6
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.6
42.2
4.9

34.4
41.4
4.5

34.5
41.6
4.6

151.0
106.7

151.7
107.9

150.8
105.9

151.2
106.3

$13.66
7.88
469.90

$13.71
N.A.
473.00

Dec.
Employment
130,038
109,730
25,561
530
6,552
18,479
104,477
6,911
7,002
22,936
7,613
39,707
20,308

Over-the-month change
250
213
34
3
36
-5
216
13
13
43
9
101
37

349
306
116

o

Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.6

34.5
41.8
4.6

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.5
41,7
4.7

34.5
41.7
4.7

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing

148.2
107.1

148.5
107.6

148.4
107.1

148.6
107.1

149.3
107.0

149.6
106.8

149.8
106.7

150.6
107.0

150.6
107.0

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant H982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings total private
1

$13.23
7.88
456.44

$13.27
7.88
457.82

$13.30
7.87
458.85

$13.35
7.86
460.58

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.
N.A. = not available.
2




$13.38
7.87
461.61

$13.41
7.87
462.65

$13.44
7.87
463.68

$13.49
7.88
465.41

$13.54
7.87
468.48

$13.58
7.84
468.51

$13.64
7.87
471.94

p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1999 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from
January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Thousands
132,500

Thousands
132,500

130,000

- 130,000

127,500

- 127,500

125,000

122,500

120,000

117,500




1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

117,500

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in 1998,
data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning in
1999 and 2000, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability
with data for prior periods.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1966
1967
1968
1969

128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

52,288
52,527
53.291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58.171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97:450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109.232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62.888
62,944
62,523

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19991

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378
3,281

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385

19731

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

207,632
207,828
208,038
208,265
208,483
208,666
208,832

139,332
139,336
139,372
139,475
139,697
139,834
140,108

67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1

133,398
133,399
133,530
133,650
133,940
134,098
134,420

64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4

3,330
3,278
3,234
3,179
3,238
3,310
3,279

130,068
130,121
130,296
130,471
130,702
130,788
131,141

5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688

4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1

68,300
68,492
68,666
68,790
68,786
68,832
68,724

2000:
January3 ..
February ..
March
April
May
June

208,782
208,907
209,053
209,216
209,371
209,543

140,910
141,165
140,867
141,230
140,489
140,762

67.5
67.6
67.4
67.5
67.1
67.2

135,221
135,362
135,159
135,706
134,715
135,179

64.8
64.8
64.7
64.9
64.3
64.5

3,371
3,408
3,359
3,355
3,298
3,321

131,850
131,954
131,801
132,351
131,417
131,858

5,689
5,804
5,708
5,524
5,774
5,583

4.0
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.1
4.0

67,872
67,742
68,187
67,986
68,882
68,781

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1999 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1988
1989

87,857
88.762

66,927
67,840

76.2
76.4

63,273
64,315

72.0
72.5

2,493
2,513

60.780
61,802

3,655
3.525

5.5
5.2

20,930
20.923

19901

90,377
91,278
92.270
93.332
94.355
95.178
96.206
97.715
98.758
99.722

69,011
69,168

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70.693
71,446

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2.559
2.573
2,552
2.553
2.432

62,559
61.634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68.140
69,014

3.906
4.946
5.523
5.055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3.266
3.066

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1

21,367
22.110
22,306
22.927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24.799
25.210

1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19991

70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73.261
73.959
74,512

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

99,761
99,863
99.976
100,088
100,179
100,264

74.414
74,498
74.499
74,643
74,680
74,728
74,930

74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7

71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71,732
71,927

71.6
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.6
71.7

2.430
2.435
2,409
2,361
2,389
2,501
2,440

68.900
69.002
69,027
69.269
69,234
69,231
69.487

3.084
3.061
3.063
3.013
3,057
2,996
3,003

4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0

25.254
25.263
25.364
25.333
25.408
25.451
25.334

100,266
100.330
100,405
100,487
100,566
100,654

75.304
75,594
75.198
75,189
74,883
75,120

75.1
75.3
74.9
74.8
74.5
74.6

72,358
72,473
72.313
72.307
71.948
72,217

72.2
72.2
72.0
72.0
71.5
71.7

2.495
2.494
2.409
2,384
2,381
2.429

69,862
69,979
69.904
69.923
69,568
69.789

2.946
3.121
2.885
2.882
2,934
2.903

3.9
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9

24,963
24.737
25,206
25.298
25,683
25,534

2000:
January3 ..
February ..
March
April
May
June

Annual averages
WOMEN
1988
1989

96.756
97,630

54,742
56.030

56.6
57.4

51,696
53.027

53.4
54.3

676
687

51,020
52,341

3,046
3,003

5.6
5.4

42.014
41.601

19901

98.787
99.646
100.535
101,506
102,460
103.406
104.385
105,418
106.462
108.031

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849

53,011
52,815
53.380
54,273
55.755
56.642
57.630
59.026
59.945
61.193

3.140
3.683
4.090
3.885
3.629
3,421
3.356
3.162
2.944
2.814

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3

41,957
42,468
42.394
42,711
42.221
42,462
42,528
42.382
42.748
43.175

1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19991

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted?

1999:
June
July
August
September
October
November .
December.

107.964
108.067
108.175
108.289
108,395
108.487
108.569

64.918
64.838
64.873
64,832
65.017
65,106
65,178

60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0

62.068
61.962
62.094
62,020
62,317
62,366
62,493

57.5
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.6

900
843
825
818
849
809
839

61.168
61.119
61.269
61,202
61,468
61.557
61,654

2.850
2.876
2.779
2,812
2,700
2,740
2,685

4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1

43.046
43.229
43,302
43.457
43.378
43,381
43.391

108,516
108.577
108.649
108,729
108.805
108,889

65,606
65,572
65,668
66.041
65.606
65,642

60.5
60.4
60.4
60.7
60.3
60.3

62,863
62.889
62,846
63,399
62,767
62.962

57.9
57.9
57.8
58.3
57.7
57.8

875
914
950
971
918
893

61,988
61.975
61,896
62,428
61,849
62,070

2,743
2,683
2.823
2.642
2.839
2.680

4.2
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.3
4.1

42.910
43.005
42.980
42.688
43.199
43.247

2000:
Januarys ...
February ...
March
April
May
June

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household survey.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 2000" in the February 2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1999
June

July

Aug.

2000

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Persons who currently want a job

207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907 209,053 209,216 209,371 209,543
139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910 141,165 140,867 141,230 140,489 140,762
67.5
67.1
67.6
67.1
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.4
67.0
67.0
67.2
67.5
133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179
64.8
64.4
64.8
64.2
64.3
64.2
64.7
64.2
64.5
64.9
64.3
64.2
64.2
5,689
5,688
5,804
5,934
5,774
5,757
5,842
5,583
5,524
5,736
5,825
5,937
5,708
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.3
68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872 67,742 68,187 67,986 68,882 68,781
4,467
4,252
4,374
4,429
4,352
4,497
4,594
4,331
4,575
4,770
4,412
4,352
4,254

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,668
74,414
74.7
71,330
71.6
2,430
68,900
3,084
4.1
25,254

99,761
74,498
74.7
71,437
71.6
2,435
69,002
3,061
4.1
25,263

99,863
74,499
74.6
71,436
71.5
2,409
69,027
3,063
4.1
25,364

99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266 100,330 100,405 100,487 100,566 100,654
74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304 75,594 75,198 75,189 74,883 75,120
74.7
75.3
75.1
74.6
74.6
74.7
74.9
74.5
74.8
74.6
71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358 72,473 72,313 72,307 71,948 72,217
71.7
72.2
72.2
71.6
71.6
72.0
71.6
72.0
71.7
71.5
2,494
2,440
2,495
2,501
2,389
2,361
2,384
2,409
2,429
2,381
69,269 69,234 69,231 69,487 69,862 69,979 69,904 69,923 69,568 69,789
3,003
3,121
2,946
3,057
2,996
3,013
2,882
2,885
2,903
2,934
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
25,333 25,408 25,451 25,334 24,963 24,737 25,206 25,298 25,683 25,534

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5
21,371

91,561
70,167
76.6
67,703
73.9
2,256
65,447
2,464
3.5
21,394

91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5
21,452

91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4
21,465

91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5
21,557

91,986
70,388
76.5
68,037
74.0
2,262
65,775
2,351
3.3
21,598

92,052
70,529
76.6
68,197
74.1
2,227
65,970
2,332
3.3
21,523

92,057
70,917
77.0
68,585
74.5
2,303
66,282
2,332
3.3
21,139

92,092
71,120
77.2
68,691
74.6
2,309
66,382
2,429
3.4
20,972

92,145
70,822
76.9
68,480
74.3
2,232
66,249
2,342
3.3
21,323

92,303
70,761
76.7
68,481
74.2
2,213
66,269
2,280
3.2
21,542

92,408
70,603
76.4
68,230
73.8
2,217
66,013
2,373
3.4
21,805

92,546
70,714
76.4
68,430
73.9
2,269
66,161
2,284
3.2
21,832

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516 108,577 108,649 108,729 108,805 108,889
64,918 64,838 64,873 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606 65,572 65,668 66,041 65,606 65,642
60.4
60.5
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.1
60.4
60.7
60.3
60.3
62,068 61,962 62,094 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863 62,889 62,846 63,399 62,767 62,962
57.9
57.6
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.8
57.9
58.3
57.7
57.8
843
914
875
839
849
818
825
900
971
809
950
918
893
61,168 61,119 61,269 61,202 61,468 61,557 61,654 61,988 61,975 61,896 62,428 61,849 62,070
2,876
2,743
2,812
2,779
2,683
2,685
2,740
2,700
2,850
2,823
2,839
2,642
2,680
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.3
43,046 43,229 43,302 43,457 43,378 43,381 43,391 42,910 43,005 42,980 42,688 43,199 43,247

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579 100,666 100,713 100,809 100,929 101,007
60,988 60,852 60,904 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576 61,575 61,671 61,920 61,614 61,596
60.7
61.2
60.7
60.7
60.6
60.7
60.7
61.2
60.9
61.4
61.2
61.0
61.0
58,647 58,477 58,648 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280 59,398 59,422 59,757 59,248 59,278
58.4
58.4
58.6
58.5
58.5
59.0
58.9
58.5
58.6
59.0
58.7
59.3
58.7
791
800
778
780
894
871
768
798
851
826
864
899
834
57,796 57,679 57,868 57,852 58,000 58,070 58,167 58,454 58,526 58,528 58,858 58,383 58,444
2,230
2,297
2,214
2,155
2,256
2,375
2,178
2,196
2,341
2,249
2,163
2,367
2,318
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.8
39,143 39,351 39,381 39,525 39,503 39,521 39,512 39,003 39,090 39,042 38,889 39,314 39,410

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6
7,786

16,065
8,317
51.8
7,219
44.9
224
6,995
1,098
13.2
7,748

16,061
8,228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5
7,833

16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6
7,799

16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8
7,726

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through A-13
will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment




16,107
8,394
52.1
7,223
44.8
280
6,943
1,171
14.0
7,713

16,114
8,425
52.3
7,265
45.1
261
7,004
1,160
13.8
7,689

16,147
8,416
52.1
7,356
45.6
242
7,114
1,060
12.6
7,730

16,149
8,470
52.4
7,273
45.0
228
7,046
1,197
14.1
7,679

16,196
8,374
51.7
7,257
44.8
233
7,024
1,117
13.3
7,822

16,104
8,549
53.1
7,467
46.4
243
7,224
1,082
12.7
7,555

16,034
8,271
51.6
7,237
45.1
217
7,020
1,034
12.5
7,762

15,991
8,452
52.9
7,471
46.7
218
7,253
981
11.6
7,539

of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1999
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

2000
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812 173,886 173,983 174,092 174,197 174,316
116,518 116,492 116,619 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716 117,821 117,832 117,988 117,097 117,451
Civilian labor force
67.3
67.2
67.7
67.8
67.2
67.3
67.2
67.3
67.4
67.7
Percent of population
67.2
67.4
67.8
112,115 112,193 112,308 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704 113,634 113,630 113,915 112,988 113,484
Employed
64.8
65.3
64.8
65.4
65.3
64.8
65.0
64.8
64.8
65.1
64.8
64.9
65.4
Employment-population ratio
4,311
4,187
4,202
4,092
3,967
4,011
4,106
4,057
4,192
4,299
4,403
4,108
4,073
Unemployed
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.5
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7
1,886
3.2

59,799
77.2
57,955
74.8
1,844
3.1

59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8

1,925
3.2

59,841
77.1
58,102

74.9
1,739
2.9

59,777
77.0

59,761
76.9
58,067
74.7
1,694
2.8

59,889
77.0
58,221
74.8

60,179
77.3

1,668
2.8

1,693
2.8

59.8
48,203
58.0

49,814
59.9
48,273
58.0

50,404
60.5
48,857
58.7

1,530

1,541

58,043
74.7

1,734
2.9

60,387
77.6
58,631
75.3
1,756
2.9

60,282
77.4
58,541
75.1
1,742
2.9

60,048
77.0
58,386
74.9
1,662
2.8

59,882
76.7
58,184
74.6
1,698
2.8

60,074
76.9

50,448
60.5
48,820
58.6
1,628
3.2

50,726
60.8
49,150
58.9
1,576
3.1

50,237
60.2
48,567
58.2

1,547
3.1

50,335
60.4
48,792
58.6
1,544
3.1

50,246
60.2
48,616
58.2
1.630
3.2

58,487
75.2

58,409
74.8

1,666
2.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

49,733

1,573
3.2

49,593
59.7
48,010
57.8
1,583
3.2

3.1

3.1

50,011
60.1
48,486
58.2
1,525
3.0

6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0

7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9

7,144
56.1
6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7

7,128
56.0
6,271
49.2
857
12.0
12.8
11.2

7.108
55.8
6,244
49.0
864
12.2
13.3
10.9

7,132
56.0
6,360
50.0
772
10.8
12.4
9.1

7,099
55.8
6,211
48.8
888
12.5
14.4
10.4

7,102
55.8
6,270
49.3
832
11.7
11.3
12.1

7,214
56.7
6,379
50.2
835
11.6
13.0
10.0

6,978
54.9
6,237
49.1
740
10.6
10.7
10.5

24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8

24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6
1,360
8.3

24,985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3

25,019

25,051

16,513

66.0
15,187
60.7
1,321
8.0

65.9

25,076
16,785
66.9
15,471
61.7
1,314
7.8

25,105
16,572
66.0
15,356

25,135
16,636
66.2
15,444

7.9

25,047
16,622
66.4
15,254
60.9
1,368
8.2

61.2
1,216
7.3

61.4
1,191
7.2

25,161
16,596
66.0
15,261
60.7
1,335
8.0

25,191

16,508

7,162
72.0
6,7'4
67.5
448
6.3

7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1

7,281

72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7

7,277
72.8
6,767
67.7
510
7.0

7,273
72.6
6,766
67.5
507
7.0

7,386
73.7
6,839
68.2
547
7.4

7,441
74.2

7,300
72.6
6,830
68.0
469
6.4

7,351
73.0
6,864
68.2
487
6.6

7,261
72.0
6,736
66.8
524
7.2

7,263
72.0
6,761
67.0
502

8,241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568

8,316
66.5

8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1

8,305
66.3
7,757
61.9
548
6.6

8,260
65.8
7,706
61.4
554
6.7

8,315
66.3
7,715

8,344
66.4
7,805
62.1
539
6.5

8,314

8,291
65.8
62.0

8,384
66.5
7,801
61.9

484
5.8

583
7.0

8,347
66.1
7,792
61.7
554
6.6

49,850
60.1
48,167
58.1

49,652
59.8
48,000
57.9

49,713
59.9
48,140

1,683
3.4

1,652
3.3

6,947
54.7

7,041
55.3

6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0

6,238
49.0
803
11.4
11.7
11.1

24,833
16,308
65.7
15,069
60.7
1,239
7.6

24,867
16,366

7,153
72.1

7,122

58.0

1.670
3.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

7,130
56.1
6,458
50.8
672

9.4
11.2
7.4

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

65.8

14,962
60.2
1,404
8.6

15,204
60.7
1,309

16,577
65.8
15,275
60.6

1,302
7.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,698
67.6
455
6.4

71.7
6,610
66.6
512
7.2

6,910
68.9
532
7.1

6.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7

8,311
66.7
7,670

61.6
641
7.7

6.9

7,759
62.1
557
6.7

See footnotes at end of table.




10

61.5
600
7.2

66.1
7,808
62.1
506
6.1

7,807

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

2000

1999
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2

933
37.5
682
27.4
251
26.9
30.7
23.4

918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7

953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4

956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1

926
37.3
663
26.7
263
28.4
31.0
25.9

980
39.5
732
29.5
248
25.3
27.5
23.0

921
37.2
701
28.3
220
23.9
24.0
23.8

999
40.4
756
30.6
243
24.3
22.3
26.6

958
38.7
718
29.0
240
25.1
21.3
28.9

993
40.2
773
31.3
220
22.2
22.0
22.4

951
38.5
724
29.3
227
23.9
27.7
20.2

967
39.2
722
29.2
245
25.4
32.0
18.2

21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6

21,684
14,617
67.4
13,696
63.2
921
6.3

21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5

21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6

21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3

21,947
14,887
67.8
13,979
63.7
908
6.1

22,008
14,984
68.1
14,095
64.0
889
5.9

22,047
15,251
69.2
14,395
65.3
856
5.6

22,108
15,249
69.0
14,382
65.1
868
5.7

22,166
15,313
69.1
14,355
64.8
958
6.3

22,231
15,355
69.1
14,524
65.3
831
5.4

22,292
15,322
68.7
14,432
64.7
890
5.8

22,355
15,325
68.6
14,461
64.7
864
5.6

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Educational attainment
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

28,515 28,015 28,568 28,583 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995 27,376 27,523 28,069 28,096 28.227
12,081 12,087 12,307 12,151 12,201 12,132 11,956 11,895 11.971 11,726 11,945 11,815 12,004
42.5
43.7
42.5
43.2
42.5
43.1
42.4
42.6
42.6
43.0
43.1
42.5
42.1
11,265 11,265 11,448 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243 11,106 11,257 10,918 11,218 10,984 11,239
41.1
39.7
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.4
39.6
40.1
39.5
40.2
40.2
39.8
39.1
727
714
789
713
800
824
859
808
785
822
816
832
765
6.6
6.0
6.8
7.0
6.1
6.9
6.0
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.8
7.0
6.4

High school graduates, no college 2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768 57,471 58,033 58,015 57,746 57,581
37,382 37,014 36,954 37,188 37,080 37,671 37,362 37,617 37,603 37,671 37,666 37,224 36,910
64.9
65.1
65.2
64.7
64.7
64.6
64.1
64.5
64.9
64.9
65.4
64.8
64.5
35,962 35,700 35,657 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305 36,294 36,401 36,401 35,895 35,659
62.7
62.6
62.4
62.7
63.2
62.8
63.1
62.6
62.3
62.5
62.0
61.9
62.2
1,420 1,314 1,297 1,309 1,206 1,226 1,291 1,311 1,309 1,270 1,265 1,329 1.251
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.6

Less than a bachelor's degree 3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689 44,486 44,225 43,896 44,153 44,250
31,955 32,145 31,842 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397 32,544 32,967 32,684 33,065 33,094
74.2
73.5
73.8
73.2
73.3
73.5
74.8
73.7
74.7
74.9
74.5
74.5
74.8
31,140 31,169 30,864 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564 31,595 32,090 31,843 32,228 32,132
72.2
71.7
71.3
71.6
72.8
71.6
72.5
72.6
71.0
71.5
72.8
73.0
72.6
818
868
871
978
841
949
833
873
976
815
838
878
962
2.5
2.7
2.7
3.1
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.9

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058 45,247 44,838 44,864 45,029 45,092
35,757 35,827 36,037 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205 36,265 36,060 36,099 36,011 35.988
79.9
79.5
79.4
79.2
79.9
80.0
80.5
80.4
80.1
80.4
80.4
79.8
79.5
35,059 35,167 35,465 35,112 35,106 34,655 35,186 35,540 35,678 35,481 35,545 35,433 35,437
78.7
78.7
78.5
78.1
78.0
77.9
79.2
79.1
78.9
78.9
78.8
78.6
78.1
577
638
609
615
610
572
551
553
579
587
665
698
660
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.0
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

2000

1999
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

110,275 109,797 110,060 110,413 110,877 111,227 111,562 112,089 112,129 112,248 113,054 112,271 112,326
63,805 63,835 63,772 63.985 64,005 64,259 64,358 64,727 64,883 64,933 65,097 64,772 65,009
62,367 62,350 62,310 62,621 62,607 62,825 62,914 63,407 63,468 63,501 63,620 63,238 63,427
46,538 46,067 46,386 46,452 46,847 46,968 47,161 47,152 47,195 47,253 47,841 47,442 47,424
45,529 45,084 45,407 45,497 45,822 45,907 46,094 46,189 46,187 46,357 46,787 46,387 46,331
2,554
2,343
2,295
2,363
2,379
2,493
2,474
2,389
2.568
2,448
2,495
2,646
2,645

15,666
13,169
4,734

23,081
7,610
5,255
15,483
12,996
4,830

22,946
7,485
5,213
15,450
12,964
4,769

22,975
7,581
5,295
15,377
12,932
4,748

23,224
7,552
5,197
15,641
13,075
4,951

23,210
7,557
5,193
15,627
13,157

4,712
2,625
2,295
2,100
1,861
556

4,568
2,533
2,172
2,068
1,792
604

4,614
2,588
2,224
2,068
1,771
619

4,536
2,526
2,151
2,068
1,792
593

4,540
2,493
2,109
2,065
1,799
632

1,216
518
222
706
432
562

1,133
449
170
666
395
568

1,228
504
207
707
424
597

1,146
499
216
625
377
553

1,191
502
199
686
406
586

23,386
7,643
5,483
15,691
13,204
4,699

23,205
7,613
5,302

15,523
13,137
4,689

23,437
7,598
5,351
15,865
13,312
4,774

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,641
2,573
2,229
2,127
1,903
509

4,705
2,556
2,239
2,128
1,939
527

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,284
566
249
729
438
597

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

23,108
7,537
5,282

22,697
7,180

4,860

23,105
7,489
5,101
15,619
13,107
4,898

4,554
2,389
2,125
2,093
1,864
566

4,595
2,512
2,234
1,978
1,738
623

1,175
520
236
640
384
555

1,112
483
213
615
415
483

1,191
508
201
707
452
539

12,954
4,865

22,508
7,184
4,963
15,350
12,884
4,661

22,808
7,241
5,030
15,531
12,983
4,795

4,489
2,326
2,106
2,076
1,764
619

4,427
2,393
2,039
2,082
1,753
636

4,592
2,478
2,176
2,140
1,896
520

4,420
2,477
2,090
1,997
1,875
455

1,243
462
225
772
514
505

1,093
512
223
619
428
442

1,258
525
230
730
502
527

1,162
484
199
687
445
517

4,877
15,509

UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.0
17.6

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
18.2

4.1
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.9
19.2

4.0
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
20.8

4.0
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
20.2

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
19.2

3.9
3.7
3.2
4.2
3.8
19.8

3.9
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.9
18.5

3.9
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.6
20.1

3.8
3.5
3.2
4.2
3.7
20.6

3.8
3.5
3.1
4.2
3.6
19.4

3.9
3.7
3.3
4.3
3.9
16.4

3.8
3.7
3.2
4.0
3.9
15.0

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.3
7.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
11.3

4.9
6.4
4.0
4.3
3.1
10.5

4.6
5.5
3.0
4.1
2.9
10.8

5.0
6.2
3.8
4.3
3.1
11.2

4.7
6.2
3.9
3.9
2.8
10.3

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.0
10.9

4.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
10.5

4.6
6.0
3.9
3.8
3.1
8.9

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.3
10.0

5.1
5.8
4.2
4.7
3.8
9.3

4.6
6.7
4.4
3.8
3.2
8.3

5.3
6.8
4.4
4.5
3.7
10.2

4.8
6.3
3.8
4.2
3.3
9.7

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Category
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179
43,279 43,350 43,368 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951 43,535 43,297 43,272 43,216 43,357
33,758 33,387 33,504 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166 33,882 33,780 33,877 33,786 33,824
8,272
8,526
8,028
8,335
8,312
8,398
8,375
8,362
8,307
8,220
8,082
8,301
8,280

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

40,802

40,823

40,800

40,784

40,718

40,363

40,800

40,924

40,806

40,595

40,665

40,858

41.148

38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477

38,673
17,990
14,431
18,019
3,421

38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412

38,634
17,876
14,659
18,227
3,365

39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365

39,283
17,633
14,903
18,476
3,407

39,311
17,706
14,940
18,299
3,367

39,614
18,155
14,610
18,385
3,574

39,703
18,344
14,681
18,279
3,630

39,510
18,711
14,520
18,334
3,562

39,680
18,885
14,501
18,453
3,477

39,537
18,181
14,867
18,020
3,410

39,270
18,090
14,888
18,430
3,368

1,923
1,341
39

1,939
1,292
45

1,908
1,266
46

1,930
1,198
40

1,936
1,267
42

2,049
1,216
41

2,018
1,211
36

2,024
1,320
38

2,025
1,344
51

2,043
1,292
42

2,054
1,272
43

2,006
1,252
38

2,059
1,175
50

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

121,006 121,188 121,150 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823 123,166 123,169 123,623 122,860 123,002
101,999 102,156 102,036 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810 103,772 103,571 104,343 103,691 104,225
944
873
939
983
944
952
998
948
953
957
1,035
1,016
1,019
101,016 101,212 101,163 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858 102,756 102,573 103,324 102,738 103,268
18,902 18,959 19,013 19,394
19,114 19,080 18,817
19,007
19,032
19,598 19,280 19,169 18,777
8,686
9,000
8,840
8,820
8,802
8,704
8,714
8,665
8,833
8,791
8,662
8,793
8,750
108
93
88
77
92
107
82
71
101
100
98
74
103

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,377
2,048
1,045
18,716

3,316
1,974
1,050
18,983

3,279
1,904
1,057
19,230

3,283
1,922
1,073
18,801

3,179
1,928
993
18,799

3,274
1,930
1,032
18,651

3,320
1,951
1,025
18,618

3,219
1,893
1,012
18,889

3,139
1,807
1,023
19,031

3,124
1,820
953
18,770

3,124
1,844
1,016
18,474

3,248
1,962
978
18,409

1,811
1,022
18.308

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,209
1,902
1,031
18,106

3,142
1,850
1,034
18,466

3,127
1,813
1,041
18,652

3,112
1,806
1,063
18,273

2,983
1,807
964
18,249

3,105
1,815
1,013
18,083

3,157
1,843
1,018
18,061

3,066
1,801
986
18,347

2,985
1,705
1,005
18,406

3,003
1,766
922
18,184

3,021
1,782
989
17,943

3,096
1,840
962
17,853

2.967
1,713
994
17,743

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




3,117

holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Age and sex
June
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

July

Aug.

Sept.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179
19,935
7,106
2,745
4,369

20,078
7,219
2,845
4,361

12,859
12,829
113,436 113,280

20,106 20,226 20,188 20,334 20,621 20,473 20,478 20,743 20,211 20,683
7,077
7,356
7,265
7,223
7,242
7,257
7,273
7,237
7,467
7,471
2,765
2,832
2,855
2,803
2,797
2,834
2,794
2,732
2,817
2,914
4,309
4,432
4,492
4,461
4,421
4,411
4,452
4,539
4,632
4,561
12,954
13,029 12,984 12,965 13,069 13,265 13,200 13,221 13,276 12,974 13,212
113,495 113,539 113,666 113,897 114,075 114,641 114,810 114,737 115,009 114,585 114,453
96,120 96,200 96,436 96,635 96,729 97,199 97,246 97,120 97,349 96,841
96,790
17,379 17,377 17,255 17,252 17,406 17,447 17,603 17,604 17,620 17,617 17,683
20,068
7,114
2,776
4,325

96,158
17,261

95,995
17,306

71,330

71,437

71,436

71,630

71,623

71,732

71,927

72,358

72,473

72,313

72,307

71,948

72,217

10,323
3,685
1,437
2,263
6,638
61,001
51,416
9,559

10,415
3,734
1,471
2,251
6,681

10,427

10,570
3,730
1,445
2,278

10,858
3,833

10,858
3,825

6,813
61,202

6,840
61,349

10,727
3,773
1,471
2,301
6,954

10,745

3,695
1,439
2,234

61,061

51,673
9,574

51,732
9,649

61,585
51,944
9,658

10,556
3,718
1,404
2,349
6,838
61,430
51,664

10,748
3,787
1,486
2,306
6,962
61,456
51,781

9,649

10,521
3,725
1,462
2,267
6,796
61,073
51,523
9,542

10,508

61,012
51,463
9,574

10,540
3,687
1,421
2,247
6,853
61,083
51,431

9,691

9,679

62,068

61,962

62,094

62,020

62,317

62,366

62,493

62,863

9,612
3,421

9,663

9,705
3,517
1,372

1,358

1.385
2,190

6,195
52,434
44,697
7,760

6,176
52,456
44,769
7,728

2,144
6,188

9,680
3,528
1,358
2,187
6,152

9,894
3,584

2,110
6,178
52,268
44,532
7,732

3,390
1,344
2,062

9,764
3,535

1,308
2,106
6,191
52,435
44,742
7,702

9,641
3,446
1,335
2,112

9,566

3,485

52,593
44,913
7,713

52,695
44,962
7,678

1,374

3,668
1,441
2,213

6,759
51,423
9,619

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Nov.

Oct.

2,183
6,229
52,726

44,997
7,757

6,310
53,056
45,254
7,788

used in the household survey.

15

3,782
1,494
2,267

1,510
2,334
7,025

1,436

9,723

2,385
7,033
61,426
51,796
9,630

62,889

62,846

63,399

62,767

62,962

9,728

9,620
3,424
1,322

9,885
3,642

9,655
3,519
1,328
2,190

9,934
3,684
1,428
2,254
6,250
52,997
45,009
8,004

6,963
61,702
51,928
9,784

3,491

1,300
2,185
6,237
53,108

45,319
7,818

61,482
51,800

2,098

6,196
53,255
45,321
7,882

1,381
2,247
6,243
53,583
45,553

7,990

6,136
53,155

45.177
7,926

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

5,934

5,937

5,842

5,825

5,757

5,736

5,688

5,689

5,804

5,708

5,524

5,774

5,583

2,172
1,122
534
587
1,050
3.753
3,231
534

2,160
1,098
518
578
1,062
3,779
3,250
521

2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475

2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461

2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472

2,249
1,171
553
619
1,078
3,488
3,048
459

2,209
1,160
553
612
1,049
3,479
2,987
477

2,119
1,060
465
577
1,059
3,578
3,089
494

2,267
1,197
529
653
1,071
3,520
2,997
546

2,199
1,117
510
607
1,082
3,531
3,044
498

2,115
1,082
481
597
1,033
3,411
2,964
427

2,198
1,034
521
525
1,164
3,556
3,132
440

2,048
981
439
543
1,067
3,515
3,118
418

3,084

3.061

3,063

3,013

3,057

2,996

3,003

2,946

3,121

2,885

2,882

2,934

2,903

1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270

1,187
597
282
313
590
1,887
1,589
298

1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284

1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292

1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278

1,194
645
292
353
549
1,789
1,531
252

1,252
671
311
356
581
1,757
1,493
246

1,150
613
246
364
537
1,800
1,552
248

1,236
691
312
367
544
1,861
1,574
281

1.106
543
269
274
563
1,781
1,500
278

1,153
603
270
337
550
1,735
1,462
268

1,179
562
286
283
617
1,744
1,506
256

1,128
619
274
354
509
1,772
1,549
220

2,850

2,876

2,779

2,812

2,700

2,740

2,685

2,743

2,683

2,823

2,642

2,839

2,680

960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264

973
501
236
265
472
1,892
1,661
223

991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1,583
191

1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169

1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194

1,055
526
261
266
529
1,699
1,517
207

957
489
242
256
468
1,722
1,494
231

969
447
219
213
522
1,778
1,537
245

1,032
505
217
286
526
1,659
1,424
266

1,093
574
241
334
520
1,751
1,544
219

962
479
211
260
483
1,676
1,502
159

1,019
472
235
241
546
1,811
1,625
184

919
362
165
190
558
1,742
1,568
198

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

16

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
2000

1999
Age and sex
June

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.1

3.9

4.1

4.0

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0

9.7
13.2
15.4
11.7
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7

10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6

10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7

10.0
14.0
16.5
12.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.6

9.8
13.8
16.5
12.1
7.4
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.6
14.0
11.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.0
14.1
15.9
12.8
7.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.7
13.3
15.3
12.1
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.7
14.6
11.4
7.2
2.9
3.0
2.4

9.8
12.5
16.0
10.4
8.2
3.0
3.1
2.4

9.0
11.6
13.1
10.6
7.5
3.0
3.1
2.3

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.1

3.8

3.8

3.9

3.9

10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.8
16.1
12.2
8.1
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9

9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

10.2
14.9
16.9
13.6
7.5
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.6
15.2
17.7
13.5
7.8
2.8
2.8
2.5

9.7
14.0
14.3
13.7
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.5

10.3
15.5
17.3
13.9
7.3
2.9
2.9
2.8

9.2
12.4
15.1
10.5
7.4
2.8
2.8
2.8

9.6
13.6
15.8
12.4
7.3
2.7
2.7
2.7

10.0
13.1
16.9
10.8
8.3
2.8
2.8
2.6

9.5
14.1
15.6
13.3
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.2

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.0

4.3

4.1

9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3

9.1
12.6
14.7
11.2
7.1
3:5
3.6
2.8

9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1

9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5

9.8
13.0
16.1
10.8
7.9
3.1
3.3
2.6

8.9
12.2
15.1
10.5
7.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

8.9
11.1
13.7
8.9
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.1

9.6
12.6
14.3
11.6
7.8
3.0
3.0
3.3

10.2
14.4
15.4
13.7
7.7
3.2
3.3
2.7

8.9
11.6
13.3
10.4
7.2
3.0
3.2
2.0

9.5
11.8
15.0
9.9
8.2
3.3
3.5
2.3

8.5
8.9
10.4
7.8
8.2
3.2
3.4
2.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Nov.

used in the household survey.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1999

2000

Category
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8

4.1
3.3
3.6

14.0

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6

4.1
3.4
3.5
14.1

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.3

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.7

4.1
3.4
3.8
12.5

4.0
3.2
3.8
11.6

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.8
6.7
7.6
6.6

3.7
7.2
8.6
6.3

3.7
6.8
7.8
6.5

3.6
7.2
8.3
6.6

3.5
7.2
8.3
6.3

3.5
7.1
8.0
6.1

3.5
7.0
7.9
5.9

3.4
7.1
8.2
5.6

3.6
6.9
7.8
5.7

3.6
6.6
7.3
6.3

3.5
6.3
7.2
5.4

3.5
7.2
8.0
5.8

3.4
6.9
7.9
5.6

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.2
2.7
6.5

2.3
2.8
6.4

2.3
2.7
6.3

2.2
2.6
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.0

2.1
2.5
6.0

2.2
2.5
6.2

2.0
2.6
6.2

2.1
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.7
6.8

1.8
2.6
6.3

1.9
2.9
6.5

1.9
2.6
6 1

2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1

1.9
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.5

1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4

1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3

1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8

1.8
3.6
3.7
6.2
6.7

1.7
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.8

1.8
3.4
3.7
6.1
4.7

1.6
3.7
4.2
6.1
5.7

1.8
3.5
3.8
6.4
5.1

1.7
3.3
3.5
6.6
7.0

1.8
3.7
3.4
6.3
5.5

1.6
3.6
3.5
6.1
5.0

4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3

4.4
4.4
6.0
6.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.4
5.2
2.4
4.4
2.2
9.0

4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6

4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7

4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.2
4.6
5.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.3

4.1
4.4
4.1
6.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.2
2.1
3.8
2.1
7.1

4.2
4.1
2.6
6.4
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.1
2.5
4.2
2.1
5.0

4.2
4.4
4.0
7.5
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.1
3.2
5.3
2.9
3.7
2.2
6.5

4.3
4.6
2.5
6.9
3.9
3.0
5.2
4.2
3.1
5.4
2.4
4.0
1.7
5.6

4.0
4.3
2.8
5.2
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.9
2.9
4.9
2.6
3.7
1.7
8.4

4.2
4.2
4.2
5.8
3.7
3.6
3.7
4.2
3.2
5.1
2.4
4.1
2.0
7.6

4.0
4.1
3.5
5.9
3.4
3.5
3.1
4.0
2.7
5.2
2.3
3.8
2.5
7.3

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Reason
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

2,670
847
1,823
768
2,003
459

2,629
893
1,736
793
1,942
481

2,573
869
1,704
758
1,967
504

2,518
802
1,716
778
1,958
511

2,493
851
1,642
821
1,935
485

2,401
795
1,606
825
2,036
453

2,477
739
1,739
776
2,043
393

2,616
838
1,778
759
1,975
387

2,541
781
1,759
824
1,979
434

2,306
703
1,602
833
1,961
408

2,483
894
1,589
774
2,093
500

2,450
959
1,491
671
2,076
343

June
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .... 2,670
876
On temporary layoff
1,794
Not on temporary layoff
831
Job leavers
2,038
Reentrants
359
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1

45.3
14.4
30.9
13.0
33.9
7.8

45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2

44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7

43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9

43.5
14.8
28.6
14.3
33.7
8.5

42.0
13.9
28.1
14.4
35.6
7.9

43.5
13.0
30.6
13.6
35.9
6.9

45.6
14.6
31.0
13.2
34.4
6.7

44.0
13.5
30.5
14.3
34.3
7.5

41.9
12.8
29.1
15.1
35.6
7.4

42.4
15.3
27.2
13.2
35.8
8.5

44.2
17.3
26.9
12.1
37.5
6.2

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.5
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.7
.6
1.5
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.5
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.6
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.5
.4

1.7
.5
1.5
.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Duration
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

2,540
1,775
1,634
806
828

2,640
1,778
1,511
779
732

2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716

2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704

2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715

2,601
1,760
1,401
725
676

2,620
1,694
1,388
693
695

2,447
1,754
1,372
667
705

2,603
1,864
1,277
673
604

2,824
1,719
1,295
657
637

2,455
1,868
1,250
670
580

2,531
1,953
1,337
677
660

2,595
1,759
1,242
593
649

14.3
6.3

13.5
5.8

13.2
6.4

13.0
5.9

13.2
6.3

13.0
6.2

12.8
5.9

13.2
5.7

12.5
6.1

12.8
6.0

12.4
6.0

12.6
5.8

12.4
5.8

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9

100.0
44.5
30.0
25.5
13.1
12.3

100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2

100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1

100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3

100.0
45.1
30.5
24.3
12.6
11.7

100.0
45.9
29.7
24.3
12.2
12.2

100.0
43.9
31.5
24.6
12.0
12.7

100.0
45.3
32.5
22.2
11.7
10.5

100.0
48.4
29.4
22.2
11.3
10.9

100.0
44.1
33.5
22.4
12.0
10.4

100.0
43.5
33.5
23.0
11.6
11.3

100.0
46.4
31.4
22.2
10.6
11.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weekr, and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks ..
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

209.543
15,991
7.962
8.029
18.402
118.812
37.451
18.007
19,444
44,628
22.085
22.543
36.733
19.805
16.928
23.631
13.084
10.547
32.707
9.328
8.539
14.839

142.132
9.652
3,968
5,684
14.818
99,717
31.748
15,296
16,452
37,698
18,632
19,066
30,271
16.749
13,522
13,871
8,964
4,907
4,074
2.206
1,133
735

67.8
60.4
49.8
70.8
80.5
83.9
84.8
84.9
84.6
84.5
84.4
84.6
82.4
84.6
79.9
58.7
68.5
46.5
12.5
23.6
13.3
5.0

136.192
8.258
3.241
5.017
13.668
96,728
30.620
14.693
15.926
36.576
18,041
18,535
29,533
16.367
13.166
13.583
8,787
4,796
3,955
2,149
1,089
717

65.0
51.6
40.7
62.5
74.3
81.4
81.8
81.6
81.9
82.0
81.7
82.2
80.4
82.6
77.8
57.5
67.2
45.5
12.1
23.0
12.7
4.8

3,682
333
170
163
344
2.262
786
395
391
842
405
436
634
356
277
440
217
223
302
122
82
99

100.654
8.108
4,069
4,039
9.142
58,196
18,314
8,783
9,531
21.978
10.879
11.099
17,904
9.693
8,211
11,241
6.253
4,988
13,967
4,319
3,834
5,814

76,204
5,085
2.120
2,965
7,783
53.462
17,209
8.210
9,000
20.309
10.143
10.165
15,944
8,791
7,153
7,485
4,807
2.678
2,389
1,281
687
421

75.7
62.7
52.1
73.4
85.1
91.9
94.0
93.5
94.4
92.4
93.2
91.6
89.1
90.7
87.1
66.6
76.9
53.7
17.1
29.7
17.9
7.2

73,213
4,261
1.694
2,566
7,269
52.004
16.684
7.890
8.795
19.750
9.863
9.887
15.570
8,612
6,958
7.351
4.728
2.623
2.328
1.255
661
413

72.7
52.5
41.6
63.5
79.5
89.4
91.1
898
92.3
89.9
90.7
89.1
87.0
88.8
84.7
65.4
75.6
52.6
16.7
29.1
17.2
7.1

108.889
7.882
3.893
3.990
9.261
60.617
19.137
9.224
9,913
22,650
11,206

65,928
4.567
1.848
2.719
7,035
46.255
14,539
7,087
7,452
17,389
8.488
8,901
14.327
7,958
6.369
6.387
4,157
2,229
1.684
925
446
313

60.5
57.9
47.5
68.2
76.0
76.3
76.0
76.8
75.2
76.8
75.7
77.8
76.1
78.7
73.1
51.5
60.9
40.1
9.0
18.5
9.5
3.5

62,980
3.997
1,547
2,450
6,399
44,725
13.935
6.804
7,132
16.826
8.178
8.648
13,963
7,755
6.208
6,232
4,059
2,173
1,627
894
428
304

57.8
50.7
39.7
61.4
69.1
73.8
72.8
73.8
71.9
74.3
73.0
75.6
74.2
76.7
71.2
50.3
59.4
39.1
8.7
17.9
9.1
3.4

Employed
Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Total

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

132,510
7,925
3,071
4,854
13.324
94.466
29,833
14.298
15.535
35.734
17.636
18,098
28,899
16,010
12,889
13.143
8,569
4,574
3,653
2,027
1,007
618

5.940
1,394
726
667
1,150
2,989
1.128
603
525
1,122
591
532
738
382
356
288
177
111
119
57
44
18

4.2
14.4
18.3
11.7
7.8
3.0
3.6
3.9
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.9
2.6
3.9
2.4

67,411
6.339
3.995
2.345
3.584
19.095
5,703
2.711
2,992
6.930
3.454
3.476
6.462
3.056
3,406
9.759
4,119
5,640
28,633
7.122
7.406
14.105

2,699
239
115
124
255
1.651
634
328
306
571
291
280
445
254
192
311
162
149
243
95
67
81

70,513
4,021
1,579
2,442
7,014
50,353
16.050
7.561
8.489
19,178
9,571
9.607
15.124
8.358
6,766
7,040
4,566
2,474
2,085
1.160
594
332

2.991
824
425
399
514
1.458
525
320
205
559
281
278
374
179
195
134
79
55
61
26
27
9

3.9
16.2
20.1
13.5
6.6
2.7
3.1
3.9
2.3
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.0
2.7
1.8
1.6
2.0
2.6
2.0
3.9
2.0

24.450
3,024
1.950
1.074
1.359
4,734
1.104
573
531
1.670
736
934
1,960
902
1,058
3.756
1,446
2,310
11,578
3.039
3.147
5,393

983
94
55
39
89
611
152
67
85
271
114
156
188
103
86
129
56
74
59
27
15
18

61.997
3.903
1.492
2,412
6,310
44,113
13,783
6.737
7.046
16.556
8,064
8,491
13,775
7,653
6,122
6,103
4.003
2,100
1,567
868
413
287

2,948
570
301
269
636
1,530
603
283
320
563
310
253
364
203
161
154
98
56
58
31
18
9

4.5
12.5
16.3
9.9
9.0
3.3
4.1
4.0
4.3
3.2
3.6
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.5
3.4
3.3
4.0
2.9

42.961
3.316
2,045
1,271
2,226
14,361
4,599
2.138
2.461
5,260
2,718
2,542
4.502
2.154
2,348
6.003
2,673
3,330
17,055
4.084
4.259
8.712

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
I6to I7years
I8to I9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

18.829
10,112
8.717
12,390
6,831
5,559
18,739
5,009
4,705
9.025

See footnotes at end of table.




20

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

174,316
12,705
6,305
6.400
14,693
97.702
29,975
14,298
15,677
36,703
18.107
18,597
31,024
16,559
14,465
20,282
11,282
9,000
28,933
7,993
7,500
13,439

118,605
8,150
3,351
4,799
12.152
82,563
25.455
12,190
13,265
31,247
15,373
15.874
25,861
14.163
11,698
12,108
7,805
4,303
3.631
1,931
1,031
669

68.0
64.2
53.2
75.0
82.7
84.5
84.9
85.3
84.6
85.1
84.9
85.4
83.4
85.5
80.9
59.7
69.2
47.8
12.6
24.2
13.7
5.0

114,369
7,178
2,830
4.348
11,391
80,388
24,697
11.816
12,881
30.412
14.900
15,512
25,278
13,874
11,404
11,884
7,676
4,208
3,528
1,884
991
653

65.6
56.5
44.9
67.9
77.5
82.3
82.4
82.6
82.2
82.9
82.3
83.4
81.5
83.8
78.8
58.6
68.0
46.8
12.2
23.6
13.2
4.9

3,446
320
163
157
325
2,097
751
385
366
756
371
386
589
332
257
415
207
209
289
117
75
96

84,590
6,495
3,247
3,249
7,407
48,515
14,882
7,088
7,794
18,312
9.029
9,283
15.321
8,211
7,111
9,791
5,480
4.310
12,382
3,723
3,359
5,300

64.713
4.318
1,811
2,507
6,533
45,091
14,112
6.708
7,405
17,159
8.536
8.623
13,820
7,554
6,265
6,624
4,276
2,348
2,147
1,135
621
391

76.5
66.5
55.8
77.2
88.2
92.9
94.8
94.6
95.0
93.7
94.5
92.9
90.2
92.0
88.1
67.7
78.0
54.5
17.3
30.5
18.5
7.4

62,569
3,752
1,512
2,239
6,203
44,013
13,739
6,501
7.238
16.745
8,312
8,433
13.530
7,414
6,511
4,215
2.296
2,090
1.110
597
383

74.0
57.8
46.6
68.9
83.8
90.7
92.3
91.7
92.9
91.4
92.1
90.8
88.3
90.3
86.0
66.5
76.9
53.3
16.9
29.8
17.8
7.2

89,725
6,209
3,058
3,151
7,287
49,187
15,093
7,210
7.883
18.391
9,077
9,314
15,702
8,348
7.354
10,492
5,801
4,690
16,551
4,271
4,141
8,139

53,892
3,832
1,540
2,292
5,619
37,472
11,343
5,483
5,860
14,088
6.837
7,251
12,041
6,608
5,433
5,484
3,529
1,955
1.484
796
410
278

60.1
61.7
50.4
72.7
77.1
76.2
75.2
76.0
74.3
76.6
75.3
77.9
76.7
79.2
73.9
52.3
60.8
41.7
9.0
18.7
99
3.4

51,800
3,427
1,318
2,109
5.188
36,374
10,958
5.315
5,643
13,668
6.589
7,079
11,748
6,459
5,289
5,373
3,461
1,911
1,438
774
394
270

57.7
55.2
43.1
66.9
71.2
74.0
72.6
73.7
71.6
74.3
72.6
76.0
74.8
77.4
71.9
51.2
59.7
40.8
8.7
18.1
9.5
3.3

Employed

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

110,924
6,859
2.667
4,191
11,066
78.291
23,946
11,430
12.515
29,656
14,530
15.127
24,689
13,541
11,147
11,469
7,469
3,999
3,240
1,767
916
557

4,236
972
521
451
761
2,176
758
374
384
835
473
362
583
289
294
224
129
95
103
47
40
16

3.6
11.9
15.6
9.4
6.3
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.7
3.1
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.5
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.8
2.4
3.9
2.5

55,711
4,554
2.954
1.601
2.541
15,139
4,520
2,108
2.412
5.456
2.734
2.722
5.163
2,396
2,767
8,174
3,477
4,697
25,302
6,062
6,469
12.770

2,518
234
115
118
244
1,523
605
319
286
513
263
250
405
231
174
287
152
135
231
91
60
79

60,051
3,518
1,397
2,121
5,959
42,491
13,134
6,181
6.953
16.232
8.048
8.183
13,125
7,183
5,941
6,224
4,063
2,162
1.859
1,019
537
303

2.144
566
299
267
330
1,078
373
207
166
415
225
190
290
140
150
113
61
51
57
25
24

3.3
13.1
16.5
10.7
5.0
2.4
2.6
3.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.4
1.7
1.4
2.2
2.7
2.2
3.9
2.2

19,878
2,178
1,435
742
874
3,424
770
380
389
1,153
493
660
1,502
656
845
3.167
1,204
1,963
10.235
2.588
2.738
4,909

928
86
47
39
81
574
146
66
80
243
107
136
184
101
83
129
55
74
58
27
15
17

50,872
3,341
1,270
2,071
5,107
35,800
10.812
5,249
5.563
13,425
6.481
6.943
11,564
6,358
5,206
5,244
3,407
1,838
1,380
748
379
254

2,092
406
222
183
431
1,098
385
168
217
420
248
172
293
149
144
112
67
44
46
22
16

3.9
10.6
14.4
8.0
7.7
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.7
3.0
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.0
1.9
2.3
3.1
2.8
3.9
28

35,833
2,377
1,518
859
1.667
11,715
3,750
1.727
2.023
4.303
2.241
2,062
3,661
1,740
1,921
5.007
2.273
2.735
15,067
3.474
3,731
7.861

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
I 6 t o I9years
I 6 t o I7years
18 to I9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

6,115

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

June 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutionai
population

Total

25,191
2.468
1.245
1.222
2.686
14.907
5.147
2.529
2.617
5.667
2,860
2.806
4,094
2.345
1.749
2,359
1.298
1.060
2.772
974
736
1.062

16,725
1,121
482
639
1.982
12.124
4.376
2.144
2.232
4.607
2.372
2.235
3.141
1.851
1,289
1,188
813
375
309
187
72
49

66.4
45.4
38.7
52.2
73.8
81.3
85.0
84.8
85.3
81.3
82.9
79.7
76.7
78.9
73.7
50.4
62.6
35.4
11.1
19.2
9.8
4.6

15,367
779
308
470
1.661
11.486
4.093
1.964
2.129
4,388
2.280
2,109
3.006
1.769
1.237
1.145
779
366
295
179
67
49

61.0
31.6
24.8
38.5
61.8
77.1
79.5
77.6
81.3
77.4
79.7
75.1
73.4
75.4
70.7
48.6
60.0
34.5
10.7
18.3
9.2
4.6

139
3
_
3
17
97
22
2
19
45
23
22
31
17
14
21
8
13
2
_
_
2

11,307
1.213
625
587
1.233
6,740
2,301
1,117
1.184
2.596
1.303
1.293
1.843
1.063
780
1.015
566
450
1,107
433
319
354

7.886
587
260
327
890
5.690
2,059
980
1.080
2.171
1,113
1.058
1.460
856
604
564
373
191
155
86
44
25

69.7
48.4
41.5
55.7
72.2
84.4
89.5
87.7
91.2
83.6
85.4
81.9
79.2
80.6
77.4
55.6
66.0
42.5
14.0
19.8
13.7
7.2

7,207
372
151
221
740
5,389
1.950
894
1,056
2.054
1,065
990
1.385
821
564
554
363
191
152
86
41
25

63.7
30.7
24.1
37.6
60.0
80.0
84.7
80.0
89.2
79.1
81.7
76.6
75.2
77.3
72.3
54.5
64.1
42.5
13.8
19.8
12.9
7.2

13,884
1.255
620
635
1.453
8.168
2,845
1,413
1.433
3.071
1.557
1.514
2.251
1,282
969
1.343
732
611
1.665
540
417
708

8,839
534
222
312
1.093
6.434
2,317
1.164
1,153
2,437
1,259
1,177
1,681
995
686
624
440
184
154
102
28
24

63.7
42.6
35.9
49.1
75.2
78.8
81.4
82.4
80.5
79.3
80.9
77.8
74.7
77.6
70.8
46.5
60.1
30.1
9.2
18.8
6.8
3.4

8.160
407
157
249
921
6.097
2,143
1,070
1,073
2.334
1.215
1.119
1.621
948
673
591
417
175
143
93
26
24

58.8
32.4
25.4
39.3
63.4
74.7
75.3
75.7
74.9
76.0
78.0
73.9
72.0
73.9
69.5
44.0
56.9
28.6
8.6
17.2
6.3
3.4

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

15.228
776
308
468
1.645
11.389
4,071
1.961
2.110
4.343
2.257
2.086
2,975
1.752
1.223
1.125
772
353
294
179
67
48

1,358
342
174
168
321
638
284
180
104
219
92
127
135
82
53
43
34
9
13
9
5

8.1
30.5
36.1
26.4
16.2
5.3
6.5
8.4
4.6
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.3
4.4
4.1
3.6
4.2
2.5
4.3
4.6

113
3
_
3
9
80
17
2
14
35
20
15
28
17
35
21
8
13
2
_
_
2

7.094
369
151
218
731
5.310
1,933
891
1,042
2.019
1,045
974
1,357
805
552
533
355
178
150
86
41
24

679
215
109
106
150
301
110
86
24
117
48
69
75
35
40
11
11
_
3

8.6
36.6
41.9
32.4
16.8
5.3
5.3
8.8
2.2
5.4
4.3
6.5
5.1
4.1
6.6
1.9
2.8

3

(M
(1)

26
_
_
_
8
18
5
_
5
10
3
7
3
_
3
_
_
_
—
-

8.135
407
157
249
914
6.079
2.138
1.070
1.068
2.324
1.212
1.112
1.618
948
670
591
417
175
143
93
26
24

678
127
65
62
171
337
174
94
80
103
44
58
60
47
13
33
23
9
10
9
2
-

7.7
23.8
29.2
20.0
15.7
5.2
7.5
8.1
6.9
4.2
3.5
4.9
3.6
4.7
1.9
5.2
5.3
5.0
6.8
8.5
(1)
1
()

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Not
in
labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

(M
(1)

8.466
1.347
763
584
704
2.783
770
386
385
1.059
488
571
953
494
459
1.170
485
685
2,463
786
664
1.013

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1.7

3.421
626
366
260
343
1.049
242
137
105
425
191
234
383
207
176
451
193
259
952
348
275
329

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in




the household survey.

22

5,045
721
397
323
360
1.733
529
249
280
634
298
336
571
288
283
719
292
427
1.512
439
389
684

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

207,632
140,666
67.7
134,395
3,691
130,704
6,271
4.5
66,966

209,543
142,132
67.8
136,192
3,682
132,510
5,940
4.2
67,411

91,487
70,486
77.0
68,144
2,432
65,712
2,342
3.3
21,001

92,546
71,119
76.8
68,952
2,460
66,492
2,167
3.0
21,426

100,131
60,748
60.7
58,351
907
57,445
2,397
3.9
39,383

101,007
61,361
60.7
58,983
889
58,093
2,379
3.9
39,645

16,014
9,432
58.9
7,900
353
7,547
1,532
16.2
6,582

15.991
9,652
60.4
8,258
333
7,925
1,394
14.4
6,339

172,999
117,655
68.0
113,011
3,458
109,554
4,644
3.9
55,344

174,316
118,605
68.0
114,369
3,446
110,924
4,236
3.6
55,711

77,387
60,025
77.6
58,246
2,254
55,992
1,779
3.0
17,362

78,095
60,395
77.3
58,818
2,284
56,533
1,577
2.6
17,700

82,905
49,661
59.9
47,926
871
47,054
1,735
3.5
33,244

83,516
50,060
59.9
48,373
842
47,531
1,687
3.4
33,456

12,707
7,969
62.7
6,839
332
6,507
1,129
14.2
4,738

12,705
8,150
64.2
7,178
320
6,859
972
11.9
4,554

24,833
16,462
66.3
15,156
119
15,036
1,306
7.9
8,372

25,191
16,725
66.4
15,367
139
15,228
1,358
8.1
8,466

9,915
7,188
72.5
6,766
101
6,664
422
5.9
2,727

10,094
7,299
72.3
6,835
111
6,724
464
6.4
2,795

12,437
8,183
65.8
7,632
12
7,621
550
6.7
4,255

12,629
8,305
65.8
7,753
26
7,728
551
6.6
4,325

2,481
1,091
44.0
758
6
751
334
30.6
1,390

2,468
1,121
45.4
779
3
776
342
30.5
1.347

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total. 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,827
6,412
3,415

5,098
2,918
2,180

51.9
45.5
63.9

4,429
2,436
1,994

1,505
502
1,003

2,925
1.933
991

669
482
187

347
228
119

322
254
68

13.1
16.5
8.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,977
4,850
3,638
1,212

2.050
3,049
2,049
1.000

41.2
62.9
56.3
82.4

1,634
2,796
1,840
956

258
1,247
740
507

1,376
1,549
1.100
449

416
253
209
44

192
155
126
29

224
98
83
15

20.3
8.3
10.2
4.4

Men, 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

4,749
3.162
1,587

2,405
1,436

50.6
45.4
61.1

2,045
1.163
883

822
286
536

1.224
877
347

359
273
86

184
130
54

175
143
32

14.9
19.0
89

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students

2,570
2.179
1,674
505

1.066
1,339
920
419

41.5
61.4
55.0
82.9

831
1.215
819
396

172
650
392
258

659
565
427
138

236
124
101
23

113
71
54
16

123
53
46
7

22 1
9.2
10.9
5.5

Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

5.078
3,251
1.828

2,694
1,482
1,211

53.0
45.6
66.3

2,384
1.273
1,111

683
217
466

1,701
1,056
645

310
209
100

163
98
65

146
111
36

11.5
14.1
8.3

High school
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students

2.407
2.671
1,964
707

984
1,710
1,129
581

40.9
64.0
57.5
82.1

803
1.581
1.021
560

86
597
348
249

717
984
673
311

180
129
109
21

79
84
72
13

101
45
37
8

18.3
7.6
9.6
3.5

7,319
4,737
2,582

4,093
2,343
1.750

55.9
49.5
67.8

3,653
2,034
1,619

1,237
409
829

2,415
1,625
791

440
310
131

224
144
80

216
165
51

10.8
13.2
7.5

Men
Women .

3,551
3,768

1.917
2,176

54.0
57.7

1,702
1.950

709
529

994
1,422

215
226

110
114

104
112

11.2
10.4

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students

3,619
3,700
2,764
936

1,645
2,448
1,653
795

45.5
66.2
59.8
85.0

1,373
2.280
1,504
775

209
1.028
608
421

1.164
1,251
897
355

272
169
148
20

125
99
85
14

146
70
63
6

16.5
6.9
9.0
2.5

1,723
1,236
487

702
418
284

40.7
33.8
58.4

522
275
247

209
73
137

313
203
111

179
143
37

100
73
27

80
70
10

25.6
34.1
13.0

800
923

343
359

42.8
38.9

217
305

82
127

135
178

125
54

64
36

62
18

36.6
15.1

1,045
678
514
164

319
383
247
136

30.5
56.5
48.0
83.3

191
331
209
122

40
169
106
63

151
162
103
59

127
52
37
15

64
35
25
10

63
17
13
5

40.0
13.6
15.1
10.8

1,266
956
309

500
326
174

39.5
34.1
56.3

401
243
158

119
40
80

282
204
78

82
16

49
39
10

50
43
7

19.8
25.3
9.4

Men
Women .

597

217
283

36.4
42.2

175
227

75
45

100
182

43
56

21
28

22
28

19.7
19.8

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students

802
464
331
134

224
276
175
101

28.0
59.4
52.8
75.7

158
243
146
97

23
96
50
46

135
147
96
51

33
29
4

29
20
17
3

37
13
12
1

29.4
11.9
16.6
3.7

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women .
High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




24

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Unemployed

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
24,566
9,579
14.988

19,371
6,733
12.638

78.9
70.3
84.3

17.496
5,822
11,674

12.925
3.070
9.855

4.571
2.752
1.819

1.875
911
963

1.538
669
869

336
242
94

9.7
13.5
7.6

8.817
7.807
6.147
1.795

5.719
6,498
5.546
1.607

64.9
83.2
90.2
89.5

4,860
5.932
5,193
1.512

2.687
4.778
4.049
1.412

2.173
1.154
1.144
100

859
566
353
96

648
518
286
87

211
49
67
9

15.0
8.7
6.4
6.0

12.501
4.947
7.554

10.463
3,649
6.814

83.7
73.8
90.2

9.485
3,098
6,387

7.422
1.802
5.620

2,063
1,296
766

978
551
428

829
427
402

149
124
26

9.4
15.1
6.3

4.783
4,101
2,912
705

3,461
3,628
2,717
657

72.4
88.4
93.3
93.2

2,948
3,329
2.578
630

1,853
2,862
2,121
585

1,094
467
457
45

514
299
139
27

410
285
110
24

104
14
29
3

14.8
8.2
5.1
4.1

12,065
4,632
7,433

8,908
3,084
5.824

73.8
66.6
78.3

8.012
2.724
5.288

5,503
1,269
4,235

2.508
1,455
1.053

896
360
536

709
242
467

187
119
68

10.1
11.7
9.2

4,034
3,705
3,236
1,090

2,258
2,871
2.829
950

56.0
77.5
87.4
87.2

1.913
2.603
2.614
882

834
1.916
1.928
826

1,079
687
687
56

345
267
215
69

238
233
176
62

108
34
38
6

15.3
9.3
7.6
7.2

20,079
7,968
12,111

16.210
5.807
10.403

80.7
72.9
85.9

14,917
5,145
9,772

11,010
2,731
8,279

3.907
2.414
1.493

1,293
662
630

1,040
478
562

253
185
68

8.0
11.4
6.1

10,351
9,728

8.934
7,276

86.3
74.8

8.253
6.664

6,485
4,525

1,768
2.140

681
611

565
475

116
136

7.6
8.4

7,226
6.138
5.211
1.503

4,863
5.225
4,748
1.374

67.3
85.1
91.1
91.4

4.232
4,868
4.525
1.292

2.323
3.943
3.542
1.202

1.909
925
984
90

632
357
222
82

466
318
179
77

165
39
43
5

13.0
6.8
4.7
5.9

3.430
1,231
2.199

2.401
703
1.698

70.0
57.1
77.2

1,917
504
1,414

1.413
242
1,171

504
261
243

484
200
284

437
170
267

47
30
18

20.2
28.4
16.7

Men
Women

1,646
1,785

1,134
1,268

68.9
71.0

894
1,023

664
749

230
274

240
244

223
214

17
30

21.1
193

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,257
1.372
677
124

660
1,053
581
108

52.5
76.7
85.8
86.9

464
861
485
108

252
673
384
103

212
188
101
4

196
192
96

167
187
83

30
4
13

29.7
182
16.5

3,804
1,382
2.422

2,798
856
1,942

73.6
61.9
80.2

2.532
720
1.812

2,116
510
1.606

416
210
206

266
136
130

234
119
114

32
17
16

9.5
159
67

Men
Women

2,005
1,799

1,701
1.097

84.9
61.0

1.557
975

1,371
745

186
230

144
122

126
108

18
14

8.5
11.1

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

2,071
1.128
514
91

1.344
926
446
82

64.9
82.1
86.7
90.8

1.182
843
426
80

956
730
351
78

227
112
75
2

162
83
19
2

145
75
11
2

16
8
8

120
9.0
4.3
2.5

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Men, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Black
Total. 16to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

NOTE. In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




will not sum to totals because data for the "other races' group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Total
Educational attainment

Women

White

Black

Hispanic origin

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

175,150
117,662
67.2
114,266
65.2
3,396
2.9

82,647
62,947
76.2
61,207
74.1
1,740
2.8

83,404
63,336
75.9
61,683
74.0
1,653
2.6

91,075
53,894
59.2
52,012
57.1
1,882
3.5

91,746
54,326
59.2
52,584
57.3
1,742
3.2

145,905
97,864
67.1
95,138
65.2
2,726
2.8

146,918
98,303
66.9
95,800
65.2
2,503
2.5

19,740
13,382
67.8
12,683
64.3
699
5.2

20,038
13,621
68.0
12,927
64.5
694
5.1

16,546
11,510
69.6
10,936
66.1
574
5.0

17,286
12,124
70.1
11,629
67.3
495
4.1

28,515
12,261
43.0
11,496
40.3
765
6.2

28,227
12,193
43.2
11,475
40.7
718
5.9

13,441
7,458
55.5
7,060
52.5
398
5.3

13,276
7,392
55.7
7,028
52.9
364
4.9

15,073
4,803
31.9
4,436
29.4
367
7.7

14,951
4,801
32.1
4,447
29.7
354
7.4

22,871
9,977
43.6
9,448
41.3
529
5.3

22,525
9,920
44.0
9,422
41.8
498
5.0

4,191
1,629
38.9
1,436
34.3
193
11.8

4,314
1,686
39.1
1,490
34.5
196
11.6

7,082
4,149
58.6
3,884
54.8
265
6.4

7,492
4,445
59.3
4,198
56.0
247
5.6

57,963
37,384
64.5
36,033
62.2
1,351
3.6

57,581
36,924
64.1
35,731
62.1
1,193
3.2

26,494
19,992
75.5
19,370
73.1
623
3.1

26,369
19,697
74.7
19,069
72.3
628
3.2

31,470
17,392
55.3
16,664
53.0
728
4.2

31,211
17,227
55.2
16,662
53.4
565
3.3

48,998
31,277
63.8
30,308
61.9
969
3.1

48,520
30,733
63.3
29,885
61.6
848
2.8

7,108
4,957
69.7
4,644
65.3
313
6.3

7,153
4,949
69.2
4,686
65.5
263
5.3

4,614
3,360
72.8
3,195
69.3
165
4.9

4.773
3,587
75.1
3,454
72.4
133
3.7

42,780
31,669
74.0
30,913
72.3
756
2.4

44,250
32,796
74.1
31,907
72.1
889
2.7

19,745
16,021
81.1
15,671
79.4
350
2.2

20,454
16,606
81.2
16,238
79.4
368
2.2

23,035
15,648
67.9
15,242
66.2
406
2.6

23,796
16,190
68.0
15,669
65.8
521
3.2

35,713
26,098
73.1
25,512
71.4
586
2.2

37,231
27,204
73.1
26,537
71.3
667
2.5

5,340
4,215
78.9
4,076
76.3
139
3.3

5,301
4,220
79.6
4,041
76.2
179
4.2

3,024
2,431
80.4
2,334
77.2
98
4.0

3,146
2,508
79.7
2,419
76.9
89
3.5

29,876
21,693
72.6
21,137
70.7
556
2.6

30,509
22,051
72.3
21,429
70.2
622
2.8

14,016
11,145
79.5
10,891
77.7
254
2.3

14,461
11,545
79.8
11,282
78.0
263
2.3

15,860
10,547
66.5
10,246
64.6
302
2.9

16,048
10,506
65.5
10,147
63.2
359
3.4

24,851
17,767
71.5
17,341
69.8
426
2.4

25,583
18,145
70.9
17,688
69.1
458
2.5

3,865
3,028
78.3
2,922
75.6
106
3.5

3,824
3,007
78.6
2,870
75.1
137
4.6

2,183
1,727
79.1
1,646
75.4
81
4.7

2,227
1,739
78.1
1,678
75.3
61
3.5

12,905
9,976
77.3
9,776
75.8
200
2.0

13,741
10,744
78.2
10,477
76.2
267
2.5

5,730
4,875
85.1
4,780
83.4
96
2.0

5,993
5,060
84.4
4,956
82.7
104
2.1

7,175
5,101
71.1
4,996
69.6
105
2.0

7,748
5,684
73.4
5,521
71.3
163
2.9

10,862
8,331
76.7
8,171
75.2
160
1.9

11,648
9,059
77.8
8,849
76.0
209
2.3

1,475
1,187
80.5
1,154
78.2
33
2.8

1,477
1,213
82.1
1,171
79.3
42
3.5

841
705
83.7
688
81.7
17
2.4

919
769
83.7
742
80.7
28
3.6

44,464
35,527
79.9
34,777
78.2
750
2.1

45,092
35,750
79.3
35,154
78.0
596
1.7

22,967
19,476
84.8
19,107
83.2
369
1.9

23,304
19,641
84.3
19,348
83.0
294
1.5

21,497
16,051
74.7
15,670
72.9
381
2.4

21,788
16,108
73.9
15,806
72.5
302
1.9

38,323
30,512
79.6
29,872
77.9
641
2.1

38,642
30,446
78.8
29,956
77.5
490
1.6

3,102
2,581
83.2
2,528
81.5
53
2.1

3,270
2,767
84.6
2,710
82.9
56
2.0

1,826
1,570
86.0
1,523
83.4
47
3.0

1,875
1,584
84.5
1,558
83.1
26
1.6

June
1999

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 173,722
116,841
Civilian labor force
67.3
Percent of population
113,219
Employed
65.2
Employment-population ratio
3,622
Unemployed
3.1
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)

June 2000
Employed 1

Unemployed

Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

At work 2

Age, sex, and race

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

35
hours
or
more

114,403
3,573
722
2,851
110,831
10,857
99,973
86,605
13,368

99,089
3,009
583
2,426
96,080
9,494
86,586
75,353
11,233

9,339
473
115
359
8,866
1,051
7,815
6,630
1,186

5,975
90
24
66
5,885
313
5,572
4,622
950

21,789
4,685
2,519
2,166
17,104
2,811
14,293
10,123
4,170

2,217

66,402
2,087
64,315
6,156
58,158
50,201
7,957

59,379
1,799
57,580
5,446
52,134
45.226
6,908

4,474
230
4,244
535
3,709
3,121
588

2,549
58
2,491
176
2,315
1,854
460

48,001
1,485
46,516
4,701
41,815
36,404
5,411

39,710
1,210
38,500
4,048
34,452
30,127
4,325

4,865
243
4,622
516
4,106
3,509
597

56,771
1.884
54.887
5.309
49,577
42,563
7,014

50,640
1,624
49,016
4,700
44,316
38,246
6,070

38.595
1,255
37.340
3.798
33,541
28,979
4,563

Total

Part time
Part time for
for
economic noneconomic
reasons
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

1,134
496
342
155
638
162
476
343
133

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over
W o m e n , 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1,661

164

17,623
3,899
2,178
1,720
13,725
2,207
11,517
7,972
3,545

461

4,806
898
385
513
3,908
988
2,920
2,646
274

6,811
2,173
4,637
1,113
3,524
1,802
1,722

996
258
738
262
476
414
62

5,321
1,759
3,562
800
2,762
1,271
1,490

494
156
338
51
287
117
170

2,546
558
1,988
456
1,532
1,385
147

446
267
179
58
121
74
48

3,426
32
3,394
137
3,257
2,768
489

14,978
2,512
12,466
1,698
10.769
8,321
2,448

1,221

12.303
2,140
10,163
1,407
8,756
6,701
2,055

1,454

240
981
216
764
662
102

958
291

2,260
340
1,920
532
1,388
1,261
126

688
230
459
104
355
269
86

3,947
207
3,740
453
3,286
2,754
532

2,184
53
2,131
156
1,975
1,563
413

5,798
1,867
3,931
894
3,037
1,450
1,587

778
214
564
209
354
307
47

4,596
1,523
3,073
650
2,423
1,050
1,373

425
131
294
35
259
93
166

1.824
392
1,433
283
1,149
1,023
126

319
175
145
46
99
55
43

31,751
1,018
30,733
3,285
27,448
23,788
3.660

3,924
210
3,714
401
3.312
2,810
502

2,920
28
2,893
111
2,782
2.381
401

13,205
2,172
11,034
1,390
9,644
7,395
2.249

930
210
720
167
553
464
89

10,975
1.849
9,126
1,165
7,961
6,071
1,890

1.300

860
270

1,558
230
1,328
359
970
885
84

534
175
358
73
286
212
73

6,492
150
6,341
596
5,745
5.140
606

5.890
127
5,763
515
5,248
4,718
530

349
18
331
66
265
227
38

253
5
248
15
233
195
38

715
222
494
144
350
249
100

171
32
139
48
91
86
5

505
168
336
87
249
155
94

40
21
19
9
9
8
1

589
143
445
143
302
290
13

91
72
19
7
12
11
1

6,951
164
6,786
712
6,075
5,487
588

5.867
139
5,728
613
5,115
4,660
455

705
23
682
76
606
539
67

378
2
376
22
354
288
66

1,210
242
967
210
757
611
147

209
18
191
38
154
142
11

883
210
673
160
513
392
121

118
15
103
12
90
76
14

582
99
482
151
332
300
32

97
28
69
21
48
37
11

499
195
304
1,718

478
1,240
1,076

1,948

288
146
142
125
1,536
1,075

132
1,323

74
1,249

White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

113
1.187

57
1,130

Black

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
June
1999

Total

16 years
and over

June
2000

134,395 136,192

Women
20 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

72,312

73,213

68,144

68,952

62,083

62,980

58,351

58,983

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

40,602
19,693
771
14,087
4,836
20,908
1,984
1,848
628
1,102
3,116
861
5,180
1,081
5,108

40,956
19,861
821
14,135
4,905
21,095
2,143
2,183
535
1,092
2,990
839
5,049
927
5,336

20,576
10,825
364
8,374
2,086
9,751
1,764
1,277
453
838
471
498
1,282
772
2,396

20,640
10,900
443
8,383
2,074
9,740
1,946
1,429
366
796
382
466
1,268
656
2,430

20,385
10,755
364
8,315
2,076
9,630
1,756
1,265
452
838
469
497
1,272
769
2,312

20,495
10,843
441
8.337
2,065
9,652
1,944
1,410
366
796
382
466
1,256
654
2,378

20,026
8,869
407
5,713
2,749
11,157
220
571
175
264
2,645
362
3,898
310
2,712

20,316
8,961
378
5,751
2.832
11.355
197
754
168
296
2,608
374
3,781
271
2,906

19,806
8,805
404
5,664
2.737
11.002
218
570
175
264
2,635
360
3,829
306
2,644

20,067
8,880
373
5,679
2,829
11,187
194
754
168
296
2.606
369
3,693
271
2.835

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,767
4,454
1,676
1,380
1,399
16,011
4,804
2,787
1,458
6,861
100
18,302
661
348
3,571
2,261
999
10,462

39,270
4,469
1,735
1,291
1,443
16,269
4,823
3,055
1,487
6,814
90
18,533
748
294
3,278
2,267
932
11,013

14,031
2,223
320
1,090
812
7,897
2,865
1,473
1.085
2,438
36
3,911
300
137
82
225
581
2,586

14,375
2,151
356
950
844
8,152
2,849
1,692
1,068
2,511
33
4,072
329
160
75
212
579
2,718

13,102
2,154
315
1,049
791
7,345
2,848
1,449
1,080
1,932
36
3,603
292
124
78
212
552
2,343

13,364
2,093
356
924
812
7,496
2,819
1,661
1,063
1,927
26
3,775
324
150
70
197
568
2,467

24,736
2,232
1,356
290
586
8,114
1,939
1,314
373
4,423
65
14,391
361
211
3,489
2,036
418
7,876

24,895
2,318
1,379
341
598
8,116
1,974
1,362
419
4,303
58
14,461
420
134
3,204
2,056
352
8,295

22,933
2,177
1,327
271
579
7,030
1,917
1,282
359
3,412
61
13,726
357
209
3,393
2,006
406
7,356

22.962
2,262
1.343
332
588
7,005
1,946
1,321
411
3.272
55
13,695
417
126
3,115
2,010
343
7,685

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

18,290
905
2,556
14,829
6,044
2,642
3,055
3,089

18,379
856
2,440
15,084
6,266
2,601
3,089
3,128

7,269
50
2,047
5,173
2,584
304
1,644
640

7,130
27
1,999
5,105
2,543
255
1,719
588

6,091
48
1,952
4,091
1,784
289
1,519
499

6.023
16
1,924
4,083
1,797
235
1,594
456

11,021
855
509
9,657
3,460
2,337
1,411
2,449

11,250
829
441
9.979
3,724
2,345
1,370
2,540

9,646
745
398
8,503
2,688
2,216
1,333
2,265

9.847
718
349
8,780
2,894
2,240
1,298
2.348

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,422
5,002
5,590
3,830

15,141
5,001
6,211
3,929

13,138
4,756
5,442
2,940

13,785
4,754
6,044
2,988

12,823
4,661
5,256
2,906

13,423
4,646
5,835
2,943

1,284
247
148
890

1,356
248
167
941

1,253
242
144
868

1.301
246
155
900

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,383
7,374
5,607
4,158
1,448
5,402
931
4,472

18,633
7,401
5.563
4,234
1,329
5,668
1,062
4,606

14,161
4,711
5,121
3,726
1,395
4,329
884
3,444

14,248
4,663
5,019
3,744
1,276
4,565
1,043
3,522

12,992
4,517
4,972
3,606
1,366
3,503
778
2,725

12,956
4,463
4,838
3,623
1,215
3,655
891
2,764

4,222
2,662
486
432
53
1,074
46
1,027

4,385
2,738
544
490
54
1,103
19
1,084

3,997
2,582
470
418
52
945
38
908

4.136
2,624
519
468
51
992
19
973

3,931
1,244
2,688

3,812
1,132
2,680

3,137
912
2,226

3,035
854
2,181

2,751
899
1,851

2,691
839
1,852

794
332
462

111
278
499

715
330
385

669
278
392

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

28

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

134,395
100.0

136,192
100.0

72,312
100.0

73,213
100.0

62,083
100.0

62,980
100.0

30.2
14.7
15.6
28.8
3.3
11.9
13.6
13.6
.7
1.9
11.0

30.1

28.5
15.0

28.2
14.9
13.3
19.6
2.9
11.1
5.6
9.7
.1
2.7
7.0

32.3
14.3
18.0
39.8
3.6
13.1
23.2

32.3
14.2
18.0

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

14.6

15.5
28.8
3.3

11.9
13.6
13.5
.6

13.5
19.4
3.1

39.5
3.7
12.9
23.0
17.9

2.9

4.1
4.2
2.8

10.9
5.4
10.1
.1
2.8
7.2
18.2
19.6
6.5
7.1
6.0
4.3

113,011
100.0

114,369
100.0

61,891
100.0

62,569
100.0

51,120
100.0

51.800T
100.0

31.2

15.4
15.8
28.9
3.3
12.3

30.7
15.1
15.6
28.9
3.3
12.3

29.4
15.9
13.5
19.5
3.0
11.4

28.9
15.6

5.1
8.9

33.0
14.6
18.4
40.1
3.7
13.2
23.3
16.9
1.3
.6
14.9
2.1
6.5
4.0
.8
1.7
1.4

10.7
13.7
5.5
4.2
4.0

1.8
11.1
11.1
13.7
5.4

17.8

1.4
.8

1.3
.7

19.5
6.4
6.9
6.2
4.1

15.6
2.1
6.8
4.3
.8
1.7
1.3

15.8
2.2
7.0
4.3
.9
1.8
1.2

18.8

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.3

13.4

5.1

12.4
.6
1.8
10.0
11.2
13.1
5.2
4.1
3.9
3.2

12.5
.6
1.7
10.2
11.7
13.0
5.1
3.9
4.0
3.1

9.2
.1
2.7
6.4
18.7
18.6
6.2
6.8
5.7
4.6

19.6
18.5
6.1
6.5
5.9
4.5

33.4
14.8
18.6
40.4
3.6
13.4
23.3
16.3
1.3
.7
14.2
2.1
6.4
3.9
.7
1.7
1.5

15,156
100.0

15,367
100.0

7,113
100.0

7,207
100.0

8,043
100.0

8,160
100.0

21.0
9.4

22.6
10.4
12.2

17.3
7.6
9.7
17.9
3.0
7.4
7.5
17.1
.1
4.7
12.3
15.8
29.8
9.7
10.8
9.3
2.3

18.7
9.0
9.8
19.3
2.3
8.4
8.6

24.3
10.9
13.3
37.7
3.6
10.3
23.7
27.4
1.8
1.8
23.8
1.7
8.7

26.1
11.7
14.4
37.8
3.7

13.2
19.6
3.0
11.5

(M
2.6
6.3

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

11.6

28.4
3.3
8.9
16.1
22.5
1.0
3.2

18.4
8.3
18.6
7.6
5.6
5.3
1.2

1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




29.2
3.0

9.8
16.4
20.6
.7
2.8
17.2
7.7
18.7
7.1
5.9
5.7
1.1

used in the household survey.

29

16.2
(1)
4.5
11.6

14.2
29.5
8.9
10.9
9.8
2.0

11.0
23.2
24.5
1.2

1.2
22.1
2.0

5.8

9.3
5.6

1.0
1.8
.2

1.5
2.2
.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
June 2000
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Total
employed

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Executive,
AdminisTechniadministrative
cians
Private
ProfesOther
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
including
hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

3,682
506
9,726
20,256
12,309
7,946

138
62
238
1,884
1,267
617

63
11
63
638
433
205

15
4
95
723
276
447

162
35
431
1,943
1,056
887

18
2
17
273
154
119

67
194
5,657
3,885
2,719
1,166

23
17
134
5,890
3,492
2,398

69
78
582
667
373
294

27
26
1,140
1,124
565
559

3,001

77
1,351
3,127
1,886
1,241

9,987
27,540
5,219
22,322

1,412
2,601
606
1,995

698
690
155
535

350
258
57
201

287
11327
2,067
9,259

2,384
2,232
802
1,430

330
5,342
63
5,279

1,395
1,499
330
1,168

99
324
135
189

2,348
1,142
506
635

664
2,019
417
1,602

19
106
79
27

8,935
49,399
988
48,412
31,960
6,162

2,601
7,175
10
7,166
4,234
1,419

374
15,943
8
15,935
13,380
1,068

204
2,675
3
2,673
2,165
206

2,385
1,386
2
1,384
215
47

2,820
7,147
2
7,145
5,256
1,378

311
9,515
55
9,459
5,559
1,715

148
2,102

8
878

2,102
437
196

878
186
27

9
624
4
621
323
45

19
617
9
607
82
32

56
481
39
442
124
29

1

856
856

used in the household survey.

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

30

18
101
88
13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
June 2000
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,358
276
129
146
312
602
550
335
191
92

1,271
43
27
16
29
184
274
289
243
208

54
14
13

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,711
187
78
109
223
486
363
233
136
83

950
39
24
15
29
147
197
208
173
157

38
13
13

647
88
52
37
89
116
187
103
56
8

321
5
4
1

15

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

37
78
81
70
51

4
1
18
10
5
3

4
1
12
4
2
3

Other
private
industries

Government

Unpaid
family
workers

123,655
7,848
3,050
4,798
13,106
28,337
33,067
26,539
11,750
3,009

105,010
7,418
2,883
4,536
12,034
24,710
28,078
20,795
9,442
2,532

981
145
71
73
106
147
220
185
130
48

104,029
7,273
2,811
4,462
11,928
24,563
27,858
20,609
9,312
2,484

18,645
429
167
262
1,072
3,627
4,989
5,744
2,308
477

8,778
66
19
47
210
1,492
2,650
2,347
1,379
633

78
11
2
10
7
4
17
13
14
11

65,212
3,983
1,571
2,413
6,881
15,215
17,664
13,641
6,155
1,673

57,057
3,820
1,479
2,342
6,413
13,625
15,469
11,205
5,113
1,412

71
28
16
11
11
15
10
3
4

56,986
3,793
1,462
2,330
6,402
13,610
15,459
11,202
5,109
1,412

8,155
163
92
71
468
1,590
2,195
2,437
1,042
260

5,266
28
9
20
128
833
1,513
1,480
877
406

35
10

58,443
3,864
1,479
2,385
6,225
13,123
15,403
12,897
5,595
1,336

47,953
3,598
1,404
2,194
5,621
11,085
12.609
9,590
4,329
1,120

910
117
55
62
95
132
210
182
126
48

47,043
3,480
1,349
2,132
5,526
10,954
12,399
9,408
4,203
1,072

10,490
266
75
191
604
2,037
2,794
3,307
1,266
216

3,512
37
11
27
83
658
1,137
867
502
227

43
2
2

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Private
household
workers

Selfemployed
workers

used in the household survey.

31

10
6
2
1
3
8
6

2
2
16
10
6
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
June 2000
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

128,268

3,532

124,736

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

28,322
1,362
3,987
14,383
8,590

941
57
221
421
241

27,381
1,305
3,766
13,962
8,348

22.1
1.1
3.1
11.2
6.7

26.6
1.6
6.3
11.9
6.8

22.0
1.0
3.0
11.2
6.7

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

99,946
8,599
51,983
39,364
14,210
14,518
10,636

2,591
184
891
1,517
299
464
753

97,355
8,416
51,092
37,847
13,911
14,054
9,883

77.9
6.7
40.5
30.7
11.1
11.3
8.3

73.4
5.2
25.2
42.9
8.5
13.1
21.3

78.0
6.7
41.0
30.3
11.2
11.3
7.9

39.9
43.2

43.0
49.1

39.8
43.1

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

28,322

9,339

18,983

27,381

9,075

18,306

3,369
1,853
1,128
138
251

1,267
925

2,102
927
1,128
47

3,207
1,757
1,095
119
236

1,189
877

2,018
880
1,095
42

24,953
846
5,584
704
4,546
1,821
4,330
94
248
6,779

8,072
107
743

16,880
740
4,842
704
4,448
1,821

7,886
101
740

4,330
94
248
2,453

4,326

24,174
823
5,437
655
4,418
1,709
4,254
94
209
6,573

4,254
94
209
2,398

4,175

23.0
21.6

23.5
24.1

22.7
20.4

22.9
21.7

23.3
24.1

22.7
20.5

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Usually
work
full time

91
251

98

used in the household survey.

32

77
236

88

16,288
722
4,697
655
4,330
1,709

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

124,736

27,381

Wage and salary workers

116,455

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,207

7,886

16,288

97,355

39.8

43.1

24,947

2,940

7,396

14,612

91,508

39.7

42.8

482

48

4

27

17

434

48.2

49.1

7,918

1,065

272

454

338

6,854

42.0

43.2

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,102
11,619
7,483

2,100
1,151
949

255
135
119

1,221
726
495

625
290
335

17,002
10,468
6,534

42.3
42.7
41.6

43.0
43.3
42.7

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

9,152
24,995
7,880

1,217
7,413
1,271

179
992
69

516
1,066
551

522
5,355
651

7,935
17,582
6,609

42.4
37.9
40.6

44.0
43.4
42.5

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

41,007
937
40,070
5,919

10,927
509
10,418
905

1,102
60
1,042
66

3,020
38
2,982
540

6,804
411
6,393
299

30,080
428
29,652
5,013

38.2
29.8
38.4
40.8

42.1
41.6
42.1
42.1

8,203
78

2,386
47

260
7

481
9

1,645
31

5,817
31

40.6
34.0

Mining
Construction

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

33

46.8

(M

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

124,736
7,561
2,903
4,658
117,175
12,895
104,280
88,848
15,431

27,381
4,544
2,318
2,226
22,836
3,506
19,331
14,856
4,475

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

67,544
3,815
1,479
2,336
63,729
6,792
56,937
48,418
8,519

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,207
576
206
371
2,631
623
2,008
1,727
281

7,886
336
77
259
7,550
830
6,720
5,731
989

16,288
3,633
2,036
1,596
12,656
2,053
10,602
7,397
3,205

97,355
3,017
584
2,433
94,338
9,389
84,949
73,993
10,956

39.8
28.8
23.0
32.4
40.5
37.4
40.9
41.4
37.5

43.1
39.5
37.6
39.9
43.2
41.1
43.4
43.5
42.7

9,996
2,075
1,120
955
7,921
1,486
6,434
4,541
1,893

1,523
303
125
178
1,220
363
857
765
92

3,646
143
39
105
3,503
374
3,129
2,624
504

4,826
1,628
956
672
3,198
749
2,449
1,152
1,297

57,548
1,740
359
1,381
55,808
5,306
50,503
43,877
6,626

42.6
29.9
24.1
33.5
43.3
39.3
43.8
44.5
40.1

44.6
39.9
38.4
40.4
44.7
42.2
45.0
45.2
44.1

57,192
3,746
1,424
2,322
53,446
6,103
47,343
40,430
6,912

17,385
2,469
1,198
1,271
14,916
2,020
12,896
10,314
2,582

1,684
273
80
193
1,411
259
1,151
962
189

4,240
192
38
154
4,047
456
3,592
3,107
485

11,462
2,004
1,080
924
9,458
1,305
8,153
6,245
1,908

39,807
1,277
226
1,051
38,530
4,083
34,446
30,116
4,330

36.5
27.6
21.7
31.2
37.1
35.4
37.3
37.8
34.3

40.9
38.9
36.4
39.4
41.0
39.8
41.1
41.2
40.6

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

104,226
57,507
46,719

23.538
8,601
14,937

2,536
1,243
1,293

6,628
3,203
3,425

14,374
4,155
10,219

80,688
48,906
31,781

39.8
42.8
36.1

43.3
44.8
41.0

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,445
6,806
7,639

2,687
967
1,720

505
218
287

896
286
610

1,286
464
822

11,758
5,838
5,920

39.5
41.1
38.0

41.8
43.2
40.5

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

39,764
8,153
19,627

4,370
1,004
4,621

470
199
854

2,252
460
935

1,648
345
2,833

35,394
7,149
15,006

44.3
43.1
38.9

45.4
44.4
42.8

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

29,475
11,359
16,358

9,101
2,714
5,570

607
364
713

2,262
857
1,121

6,232
1,494
3,736

20,374
8,645
10,788

36.2
38.3
35.7

40.7
41.4
41.0

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Race

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

34

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
June 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

124,620

27,359

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

37,462
19,053
18,409
37,442
4,315
15,555
17,572

6,611
2,446
4,166
9,570
793
4,265
4,512
6,281
444
373
5,464
1,804

1

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1

Men, 16 years and over

Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,199

7,853

16,306

97,261

39.8

43.1

2,687
1,210
1,476
2,348
307
773
1,269

3,470
1,097
2,373
6,378
440
3,075
2,863
4,479
364
214
3,901
547
1,433

1,459

455
138
316
843
46
417
380
898
50
47
800
344
659
167
143
349

290
340
803

30,851
16,608
14,243
27,873
3,522
11,290
13,060
11,089
369
1,939
8,781
12,782
14,667
6,229
4,445
3,993

42.1
44.2
39.9
38.1
39.9
39.3
36.7
35.5
29.6
41.7
34.8
42.4
40.6
41.3
43.3
37.1

44.4
45.7
43.0
42.2
42.1
44.5
40.2
41.8
41.3
44.3
41.3
43.4
42.8
42.2
45.4
40.8

67,244

9,888

1,505

3,611

4,772

57,356

42.6

44.6

19,558

2,234
982

13,312
13,666
4,503
4,749
4,414

1,156
559
597
650
143
319
189
272
4
76
193
829
704
217
242
245

899
365
534

259
1,314
632
1,710
16
240
1,454
1,540
2,200
450
614
1,136

179
59
121
252
16
145
91
281
2
26
253
293
499
103
118
279

1,008
418
996
130
254
612

17,324
9,561
7,763
11,704
1,827
6,543
3,334
5,089
11
1,644
3,434
11,772

11,466
4,054
4,135
3,278

45.1
46.4
43.6
42.4
42.7
43.3
40.2
38.5
(2)
42.9
36.9
42.7
41.3
42.3
44.0
37.5

46.4
47.4
45.2
45.0
43.9
46.6
42.5
43.2
(2)
44.9
42.4
43.6
43.4
43.0
45.8
41.0

57,376

17,471

1,693

4,243

11,535

39,905

36.5

40.9

17,904
8,510
9,394
23,533
2,229
7,698
13,606
10,571
786
427
9,359
1,274
4,094
2,604
452
1,038

4,377
1,464
2,913
7,365
534
2,951
3,879
4,571
428
132
4,011
265

275
80
196

1,531
652
879

591
30
272
289
616
48
21
547
51
159
64
25
70

1,698

2,571
732
1,838
5,075
340
2,225
2,510
3,322
354
75
2,893
129
437
161
85
191

13,527
7,047
6,480
16,168

38.7
41.4
36.3
35.6
37.3
35.1
35.7
33.5
29.6
36.3
33.7
38.8
38.2
39.6
35.7
35.7

42.0
43.4
40.5
40.2
40.2
41.7
39.5
40.6
41.5
40.8
40.6
41.4
40.6
40.9
40.4
40.0

17,370

813
2,311
14,246
14,586
17,760
7,107

3,093
878
756

5,201
5,452

10,543

9,015
13,909
2,086
7,857
3,966

1,252
2,205

6,799
27
1,884
4,887

893
428

143
322

904
30
112
763
913
1,001
420
274
306

164
454
1,080
632
26
36
570
84
297
204
32
61

1,302
100
850
352
1,156

10
139

1,695
4,746

9,727
6,000
358
295
5,348
1,009
3,201
2,175
310
716

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Average hours

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Women

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

June
1999

June
2000

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,159
886
384
1.889

2,991
737
416
1,839

4.2
2.0
4.3
8.4

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,361
712
325
1,325

2,144
597
316
1,231

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

607
99
45
463

679
91
83
505

2.9
3.9
14.7

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,740
829
367
544

1,653
699
400
554

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,351
664
314
373

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

275
90
42

NOTE:

June
2000

3.9
1.7
4.5
8.0

3,112
921
658
1,533

2,948
909
598
1,442

4.8
2.7
5.2
8.5

4.5
2.6
4.6
7.7

3.7
1.8
4.4
7.3

3.3
1.5
4.2
6.6

2,282
767
477
1,038

2,092
733
438
921

4.3
2.6
4.7
7.7

3.9
2.5
4.3
6.6

7.9

8.6
2.7
15.4

699
104
157
438

678
118
124
436

8.0
3.8
7.0
11.7

7.7
4.3
5.5
11.3

2.8
1.9
4.3
4.8

2.6
1.6
4.5
4.8

1,882
819
624
440

1,742
800
561
381

3.5
2.5
5.0
5.1

3.2
2.4
4.5
4.3

1,248
571
299
377

2.5
1.8
4.4
4.2

2.3
1.5
4.1
4.2

1,375
694
448
232

1,255
648
407
200

3.1
2.4
4.6
3.9

2.8
2.3
4.1
3.3

314
85
83
146

4.4
2.7
3.7
7.8

4.9
2.6
6.6
7.6

424
84
152

380
99
119

188

162

6.0
3.2
6.9
8.3

5.3
3.7
5.4
6.9

143

1999

June
2000

Unemployment
rates

June
1999

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




June

Thousands of
persons

6.6

controls used in the household survey.

36

June
1999

June
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

Women

June
1999

June
2000

6,271

5,940

4.5

4.2

4.2

3.9

4.8

4.5

896
409
487

749
339
410

2.2
2.0
2.3

1.8
1.7
1.9

1.8
2.0
1.7

1.5
1.6
1.5

2.5
2.1
2.8

2.0
1.8
2.3

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,516
110
715
691

1,560
118
703
739

3.8
2.4
4.3
3.6

3.8
2.6
4.1
3.8

3.2
2.7
2.7
4.5

3.0
2.3
2.9
3.7

4.1
2.1
5.8
3.4

4.3
2.8
5.4
3.9

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,212
69
93
1,051

1,205
71
73
1.061

6.2
7.0
3.5
6.6

6.2
7.6
2.9
6.6

6.3
(2)
3.4
7.5

6.4
(2)
2.0
7.9

6.1
7.0
4.1
6.2

6.0
7.0
7.0
5.9

632
131
341
160

494
132
250
113

4.2
2.6
5.7
4.0

3.2
2.6
3.9
2.8

4.1
2.5
5.6
3.6

3.1
2.6
3.9
2.2

5.7
3.3
11.0
5.4

3.9
2.6
2.4
4.5

1,082
393
173
516
109
407

1,097
411
207
478
130
348

5.6
5.1
3.0
8.7
10.5
8.3

5.6
5.3
3.6
7.8
10.9
7.0

5.0
3.9
2.8
8.7
10.7
8.2

5.3
4.4
3.2
8.3
10.7
7.5

7.3
7.1
5.4
8.7
2
( )
8.8

6.5
6.6
7.5
5.7
2
)
5.3

Farming, forestry, and fishing

262

177

6.3

4.4

5.5

3.7

9.0

7.0

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

663
541
74

646
521
73
51

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

48

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




June
1999

Men
June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Men

Total

June
1999

June
1999

Women

June
2000

1999

June
2000

6,271

5,940

4.5

4.2

4.2

3.9

4.8

4.5

4,689

4,390

4.4

4.0

4.1

3.8

4.7

4.3

Mining
Construction

22
435

14
387

3.9
6.0

2.8
4.8

4.4
6.1

2.5
4.9

4.8

4.7
3.9

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

741
410
45
34
18
18
51
79
52
56
22
33
28
29

670
413
43
31
13
19
43
79
51
79
51
28
16
40

3.6
3.3
5.8
4.8
2.7
2.3
3.9
3.2
2.7
2.5
1.8
3.1
3.7
4.4

3.3
3.3
5.3
4.4
2.2
2.4
3.4
3.2
2.7
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.1
5.5

3.1
3.2
6.4
3.7
3.0
2.7
3.6
3.2
2.3
2.6
1.5
3.9
2.7
3.8

3.1
3.2
5.8
3.4
1.0
2.5
3.3
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.7
2.7
2.1
3.9

4.7
3.6
3.4
7.2
1.6

4.5
3.3
3.5
2.1
3.2
.9
4.9
5.2

3.6
3.7
3.2
6.5
7.4
1.9
3.5
3.1
2.2
3.5
3.9
3.0
2.0
8.2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

331
83
20
82
14
60
22
29
20

257
77
18
24
11
53
9
43
24

4.1
5.1
3.6
11.3
2.2
3.2
1.8
2.9
5.2

3.2
4.3
3.2
3.7
1.7
2.8
.7
4.5
8.3

3.0
3.4
1.7
8.9
2.0
3.4
1.2
2.9
3.4

3.0
3.3
3.7
4.3
1.4
2.7
.7
4.6
9.3

5.9
8.6
5.7
12.4
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.9
9.0

3.5
6.1
2.8
3.3
2.4
3.0
.7
4.3
6.5

211
135
75
1,493
159
1,333
180
1,608
704
904

200
162
38
1,483
130
1,352
174
1,463
571
891

2.7
2.8
2.5
5.5
3.3
6.0
2.2
4.4
3.3
6.0

2.5
3.3
1.2
5.4
2.6
6.0
2.1
4.0
2.7
5.8

2.9
3.2
2.4
4.8
3.2
5.3
2.1
4.3
2.7
5.5

2.2
2.9
1.1
4.7
1.9
5.5
2.0
3.9
2.5
5.1

2.2
1.7
2.8
6.4
3.6
6.7
2.3
4.5
3.6
6.6

3.2
4.6
1.5
6.2
3.9
6.5
2.2
4.0
2.8
6.5

166
753
663

136
766
646

7.0
2.5

5.5
2.6

7.3
2.2

4.3
2.1

6.2
2.8

8.4
3.1

June

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




June
2000

used in the household survey.

38

June

1999

June
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Total,
16 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

White

Black

June
1999

June
2000

June

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

6,271
2,495
746
1,750
1,253
497
820
2,293
663

5.940
2,291
817
1,474
1,059
415
667
2,336
646

2,342
1,276
311
965
714
251
356
673
37

2,167
1,197
363
834
611
223
251
668
52

2,397
1,066
375
691
477
214
318
929
85

2,379
974
418
556
407
149
308
1,024
72

1,532
153
60
93
62
31
146
692
541

1,394
120
37
83
40
43
108
644
521

4,644
1,884
613
1,271
928
343
635
1,674
450

4,236 1,306 1,358
500
481
1,689
102
118
666
398
363
1,022
271
747
251
275
126
113
518
143
113
490
1,587
597
442
173
166

39.8
11.9
27.9
13.1
36.6
10.6

38.6
13.8
24.8
11.2
39.3
10.9

54.5
13.3
41.2
15.2
28.7
1.6

55.2
16.7
38.5
11.6
30.8
2.4

44.5
15.6
28.8
13.3
38.7
3.5

41.0
17.6
23.4
12.9
43.1
3.0

10.0
3.9
6.1
9.6
45.2
35.3

3.6
2.6
6.0
7.8
46.2
37.4

40.6
13.2
27.4
13.7
36.1
9.7

39.9
15.7
24.1
12.2
37.5
10.4

38.3
7.8
30.4
11.0
37.5
13.2

35.4
8.7
26.8
8.3
44.0
12.2

1.8
.6
1.6
.5

16
.5
1.6
.5

1.8
.5
1.0
.1

1.7
.4
.9
.1

1.8
.5
1.5
.1

1.6
.5
1.7
.1

1.6
1.6
7.3
5.7

1.2
1.1
6.7
5.4

1.6
.5
1.4
.4

1.4
.4
1.3
.4

3.0
.9
3.0
1.1

2.9
7
3.6
1.0

June
1999

June
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
June 2000
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

5 to 14
weeks

Less than
5 weeks

Total
• Ulal

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,940
2,291
817
1,474
1,059
415
667
2,336
646

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

53.8
51.6
68.6
42.2
38.7
51.1
53.7
52.5
66.2

25.9
26.5
21.6
29.3
31.1
24.6
29.5
25.4
22.3

20.3
21.9
9.8
28.6
30.3
24.3
16.8
22.1
11.6

10.0
12.2
5.4
15.9
16.6
14.2
10.3
9.5
3.6

10.3
9.7
4.4
12.7
13.7
10.2
6.5
12.6
7.9

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,167
1,197
363
834
611
223
251
668
52

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

47.4
46.0
59.3
40.3
37.7
47.3
54.8
46.9

23.4
23.4
10.9
28.8
27.7
31.8
11.2
27.5
1
( )

9.4
11.7
6.2
14.1
13.7
15.5
5.0
7.7
1
( )

14.0
11.6
4.7
14.6
14.0
16.3
6.2
19.9

(M

29.2
30.6
29.7
31.0
34.7
20.9
33.9
25.6
(1)

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,379
974
418
556
407
149
308
1,024
72

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

52.9
56.8
74.5
43.4
39.2
54.9
51.0
48.4
(1 )

24.3
22.0
16.0
26.4
27.0
24.8
29.0
26.0
(1)

22.8
21.3
9.5
30.1
33.7
20.2
20.0
25.6
(1)

13.0
13.0
5.2
18.9
19.9
16.3
12.5
13.7
(1)

9.8
8.3
4.3
11.2
13.9
3.9
7.5
11.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1,394
120
37
83
40
43
108
644
521

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

65.1
64.4
(1)
52.4

23.8
23.3
(1)
30.8
(1 )
(1 )
20.8
24.1
24.2

11.1
12.2

5.7
9.3
( )
13.4
(1)
(1)
16.2
4.9
3.8

5.4
2.9
( )
3.3

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

{])
58.6
64.9
66.7

1

(M

16.7
(1)

(M

20.5
10.9
9.1

1

( 1 )

4.3
6.1
5.4

used in the household survey.

A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Percent distribution

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

6,271
3,136
1,552
1,104
448
1,583
802
782
315
467

5,940
3,194
1,541
1,098
443
1,204
593
611
305
306

100.0
50.0
24.7
17.6
7.1
25.2
12.8
12.5
5.0
7.4

100.0
53.8
25.9
18.5
7.5
20.3
10.0
10.3
5.1
5.1

5,022
2,366
1,271
890
381
1,385
705
680
270
410

4.806
2,443
1,274
893
381
1,089
542
546
275
271

100.0
47.1
25.3
17.7
7.6
27.6
14.0
13.5
5.4
8.2

100.0
50.8
26.5
18.6
7.9
22.7
11.3
11.4
5.7
5.6

13.1
4.5

11.3
4.2

_
_

_

14.1
5.4

12.2
4.4

_
_

_
_

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Thousands of persons

used in the household survey.

40

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
June 2000
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than

5 to 14
weeks

5 weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL

3,194
907
681
565
515
333
127
65

1,541
332

1,204

259
327
306

209
236
301
194

2,991
824
514
525
559
374
134
61

1,548
520

832
200
113
179

611

174
106

2,948
570
636
603
563
364
154
58

1,646
387
388
300

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,236
2,144
2,092

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,940

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

593
80

81
42
11

611
75
117
106
144
114
43
13

11.3
7.8
10.6
11.2
13.1
15.0
15.6
11.1

4.2
3.2
3.7
4.5
6.1
6.5
6.1
4.0

159
97
48
15

252
47
23
41
87
32
18
4

359
57
85
39
73
65
30
11

12.5
8.9
13.9
10.3
14.7
15.5
19.5
(1 )

4.3
3.3
3.9
4.5
7.8
G.5
8.3

342
33
69
89
71
48
24
7

251
18
33
67
71
49
13
2

10.1
6.2
8.0
12.0
11.5
14.6
12.2

4.0
3.1
3.5
4.6
4.4
6.4
4.2

12

593
51
102
155
142
98
37
9

2,414
1,184
1,230

1,008
547
461

814
413
401

419
185
234

395
228
167

10.2
11.0
9.5

3.9
4.0
3.7

1,358
679
678

612
304
308

427
211
216

318
164
154

141
50
91

177
114
63

14.4
16.9
11.9

5.5
5.6
5.3

174
110
327

63
62
127

111

48
201

13.5
16.2
11.3

5.3
7.4
4.0

172
156
265

93
99
150

79
57
115

9.7
12.3
9.6

3.9
5.6
3.8

1,394
1,150

1,128
1,122
738
288
119

210
76
30

293
266
225
171
45
28

41
18

709
132
147
148
132
104
34

290
162
83
37

155

85
24

104
108
80

92

130
158

(1)

Race

Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

737
416

348
171

1,839

1,029

215
135
483

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

909
598
1,442

532
280
834

205
162
342

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
June 2000
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Less
than

Total

Weeks

5 to 14
weeks

5 weeks

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

79
157
139
47
103
32

11.1
11.1
12.3
11.5
11.5
12.9

4.1
4.4
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.0

157
17

28
37
79
41
38
28
130
25

166
7

164
39

12.9
13.6
13.2
11.7
15.7
13.5
10.3
14.1
10.4
16.6

6.9
4.3
7.4
6.8
8.9
5.8
4.0
7.7
4.0
3.5

24

51

9.4

3.4

15 to 26
weeks

Total

27 weeks
and over

OCCUPATION
749
1,560
1,205

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

494
1,097
177

411
792
665
249
551
96

171
431
296
142
319
35

167
337
244
103
227
46

89
180
106

60
204
279
179

32
96
220

16
53
92
54
38
46

56
124
14

INDUSTRY1
136
392
670
413
257
212

Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration

1,487
177
1,852
169

93
820
76
1,049
101

380
59
473
22

44
91
172
95
76
75
287
42
329
46

646

428

144

75

No previous work experience

138
82
44

99

1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Total
Category
June
1999

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year .
Searched for work in previous year*
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement.
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

June
2000

June
1999

308
833
115
153
84
481

61
432
36
204
8
183

June
2000

June
1999

55 years
and over

June
2000

June
1999

Men

June
2000

June
1999

Women

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

9,924 19,042 19,095 37,839 38,392 24,197 24,450 42,769 42,961
8,064 17,047 17,090 37,086 37,616 21,935 22,528 39,827 40,241
776 2,262 1,922 2,942 2,720
753
1,860 1,995 2,005
572 1,312 1,085 1,866 1,784
566
1,073 1,166 1,224
204
187
950
787
936
836 1,077
829
781
442
234
356
32
33
210
249
388
396
634
594
602
171
571
539
155
580
399
108
290
20
125
11
134

120
461
100
31
36
294

165
406
76
28
47
254

39
115
11

35
136
18

30
69

26
92

133
461
47
130
34
250

201
401
36
69
48
247

87
547
100
111

40
296

108
432
78
84
36
233

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




25 to 54
years

16 to 24
years

66,966 67,411 10,085
61,761 62,770 7,628
5,204 4,641 2,456
3,178 2,869 1,446
2,027 1,772 1,011
518
631
799
493
1,228 1,141
220
1,008
147
241
74
546

Sex

Age

42

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

1

Number

Women

Men

Both sexes
Number

Rate

1

Rate

Number

Rate1

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

7,492
410
7,081
698
6,383
5,593
790
666
124

7,296
502
6,794
786
6,007
5,232
775
624
151

5.6
5.2
5.6
5.3
5.6
5.8
4.6
5.0
3.1

5.4
6.1
5.3
5.8
5.3
5.4
4.4
4.6
3.8

4,071
200
3,871
343
3,528
3,064
464
393
71

3,869
234
3,636
369
3,267
2,806
461
355
105

5.6
4.8
5.7
49
5.8
5.9
4.9
5.4
3.1

5.3
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.8
4.8
4.5

3,421
210
3,210
355
2,855
2,530
326
273
52

3,426
268
3,158
418
2,740
2,426
314
269
45

5.5
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.7
4.3
4.6
3.2

5.4
6.7
5.4
6.5
5.2
5.4
4.0
4.3
2.8

6,579
664
545

6,319
707
498

5.8
4.4
4.0

5.5
4.6
3.4

3,594
351
319

3,422
302
307

5.8
4.9
4.0

5.5
4.2
3.6

2,985
313
226

2,897
405
191

5.8
3.9
4.0

5.6
5.0
3.2

3,989
1,330
2,173

3,832
1,213
2,251

5.2
6.5
5.8

5.0
5.8
5.9

2,431
518

2,299
461

1,122

1,109

5.6
6.1
5.4

5.3
5.3
5.2

1,558
812
1,050

1,532
752
1,143

4.7
6.7
6.3

4.6
6.1
6.6

3,992
1,463
248
1,728

4,080
1,568
338

2,361
484
170

1,269

1,019

2,433
504
202
713

1,631
979
78
709

1,647
1,064
136
555

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

June
1999

June
2000

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,764
5,523
519
1,881
3,123
2,241

7,702
4,958
341
1,564
3,053
2,744

6,345
4,835
464
1,602
2,769
1,510

6,187
4,306
292
1,351
2,663
1,881

6,171
4,718
454
1,552
2,711
1,453

6,022
4,171
269
1,309
2,593
1,851

174
117
9
50
58
57

165
135
23
42
70
30

2.7
2.4
2.0
3.1
2.1
3.8

2.7
3.1
7.9
3.1
2.6
1.6

21,287
9,446
7,333
4,508

22,324
9,638
7,773
4,913

19,321
8,725
6,743
3,854

20,262
8,856
7,123
4,283

18,847
8,478
6,629
3,740

19,797
8,633
6,992
4,171

475
247
114
114

465
222
131
112

2.5
2.8
1.7
3.0

2.3
2.5
1.8
2.6

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




44

Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

Employment and Unemployment:
Employment, hours, and earnings by industry
National
State and area
National labor force statistics
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cewhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

Prices and Living Conditions:
Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ppihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/csxhome.htm

Compensation and Working Conditions:
National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Safety and health

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cbahome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ebshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

Productivity:
Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Multifactor productivity

http://stats.bls.gov/lprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm

Employment Projections

http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm

International data:
Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes

http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm




http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Service-producing

Construc- Manufacturing
tion

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Services
Federal

State

Local

0)
(D

(1)
(1)

(1)

Annual averages
1948..
1949..

43.754

39,216
37,897

18,774
17,565

994
930

2,198
2,194

15,582
14,441

26,092
26,189

4,189
4,001

2,612
2,610

6,659
6,654

1,800
1,828

5,181
5,239

1.863
1,908

1950..
1951 ..
1952..
1953..
1954.,
1955 .
1956 .
1957.
1958.
1959 2

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45.091
45,239
43,483
45.186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7.184
7.385
7.360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2.111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
1965..
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45.836
45.404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17.274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3.919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8.812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2.628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973..
1974 .
1975.,
1976.
1977 .
1978.,
1979.

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76.945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89.823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62.259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5.136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4.447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3.645
3.772
3.908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4.975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984..
1985.
1986.,
1987.
1988.
1989 .

90,406
91.152
89.544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101.958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90.105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1.139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5.362
5.512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15.587
16.512
17.315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5.340
5.466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22.957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2.739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3.734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990.
1991 .
1992 .
1993.
1994 .
1995 .
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999 ..

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122.690
125,865
128,786

91,098
89,847
89,956
91.872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,133
106,042
108,616

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,962
25,414
25,482

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
596
590
535

5.120
4,650
4.492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,691
6,020
6,404

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,675
18,805
18,543

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,727
100,451
103,304

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,408
6,611
6,826

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,800
6.924

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21.597
21,966
22,295
22.788

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,806
6,911
7,109
7,389
7,569

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,533
39.027

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,582
4,612
4,695

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12,525
12,806

0)
(1)

d)

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1999:
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December
2000:
January
February
March
i
April
MayP
JuneP

128.630
128.898
129.057
129.265
129,523
129,788
130,038

108,507
108,735
108,846
109,042
109.275
109,517
109.730

25,432
25,488
25,430
25,460
25,483
25,527
25,561

529
528
526
527
529
527
530

6,388
6,408
6,401
6,439
6,470
6,516
6,552

18,515
18,552
18,503
18,494
18,484
18,484
18,479

103,198
103,410
103,627
103,805
104,040
104,261
104,477

6,817
6,834
6,848
6,866
6,875
6,898
6,911

6,905
6,927
6,946
6,962
6,973
6,989
7,002

22,810
22,833
22,841
22,844
22,863
22,893
22,936

7,573
7,583
7,590
7,589
7,599
7,604
7.613

38,970
39,070
39,191
39.321
39,482
39.606
39,707

2,662
2,656
2,655
2,655
2,647
2,646
2,646

4,673
4,691
4,698
4,714
4,722
4,723
4,727

12,788
12,816
12,858
12,854
12,879
12,902
12,935

130,387
130,482
131,009
131,419
131,590
131,601

110.036
110.088
110,462
110,752
110,587
110,793

25,677
25,624
25,738
25,725
25,687
25,700

530
533
536
539
537
539

6,652
6,618
6,726
6,694
6,670
6,673

18,495
18,473
18,476
18,492
18,480
18,488

104,710
104,858
105,271
105,694
105,903
105,901

6,925
6,937
6,953
6,970
6,961
6,979

7,005
7,011
7,033
7,055
7,047
7,031

22,973
22.978
23.027
23.197
23,081
23,130

7,612
7,624
7,621
7,610
7,599
7,593

39,844
39,914
40,090
40.195
40,212
40.360

2,663
2.700
2,816
2,885
3,235
3,038

4,725
4,728
4,733
4,744
4,737
4,726

12,963
12,966
12,998
13,038
13,031
13,044

1

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1999
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1999) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1996) are
subject to revision.

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2




46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS

B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Construction

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38 8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35 2
34 9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6 66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.78
13.24

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
442.19
456.78

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.8

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.15
16.91
17.09

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
733.21
742.35
748.54

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.9
39.1

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.04
16.61
17.18

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
625.56
646.13
671.74

.

.

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1999:
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2000:
January
February
March
April
MayP
JuneP

34.6
34.7
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.5
34.6

$13.15
13.16
13.20
13.38
13.41
13.43
13.46

$454.99
456.65
463.32
458.93
463.99
463.34
465.72

44.2
44.7
44.5
44.3
44.5
44.6
44.4

$16.98
17.17
17.05
17.13
17.05
17.01
17.19

$750.52
767.50
758.73
758.86
758.73
758.65
763.24

39.8
39.9
40.0
38.6
40.0
39.5
38.8

$17.13
17.27
17.31
17.46
17.54
17.42
17.47

$681.77
689.07
692.40
673.96
701.60
688.09
677.84

34.4
34.2
34.2
34.6
34.3
34.6

13.58
13.58
13.59
13.69
13.64
13.62

467.15
464.44
464.78
473.67
467.85
471.25

44.3
44.1
43.9
44.9
44.5
45.0

17.30
17.20
17.28
17.29
17.18
17.12

766.39
758.52
758.59
776.32
764.51
770.40

38.3
38.7
38.8
39.2
39.6
39.6

17.39
17.42
17.54
17.66
17.71
17.75

666.04
674.15
680.55
692.27
701.32
702.90

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979. .

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.7

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49
13.91

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79
13.18

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53
580.05

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.92
15.31
15.69

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.32
604.75
607.20

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.3
38.3

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.45
14.07
14.58

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.48
538.88
558.41

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984.
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998.
1999

.

.

.

.

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1999:
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
2000:
January
February
March
April
MayP
JuneP

41.8
41.2
41.8
41.7
42.0
42.2
42.5

$13.90
13.91
13.95
14.11
14.03
14.08
14.20

$13.17
13.20
13.20
13.33
13.26
13.30
13.40

$581.02
573.09
583.11
588.39
589.26
594.18
603.50

39.0
38.9
39.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4

$15.59
15.69
15.69
15.80
15.78
15.90
15.96

$608.01
610.34
618.19
608.30
605.95
608.97
612.86

38.3
38.2
38.6
38.2
38.5
38.4
38.4

$14.45
14.57
14.65
14.68
14.74
14.76
14.85

$553.44
556.57
565.49
560.78
567.49
566.78
570.24

41.6
41.5
41 5
41.7
41.4
41.6

14.19
14.19
14.22
14.28
14.26
14.32

13.47
13.47
13.49
13.54
13.53
13.57

590.30
588.89
590.13
595.48
590.36
595.71

38.3
38.1
38.0
38.8
38.3
38.4

15.98
16.05
16.02
16.15
16.11
16.18

612.03
611.51
608.76
626.62
617.01
621.31

38.6
38.1
38.2
38.9
38.8
38.7

14.99
14.91
14.83
15.14
15.01
14.99

578.61
568.07
566.51
588.95
582.39
580.11

See footnotes at end of table.




48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.33
8.74
9.08

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
240.74
253.46
263.32

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.34
14.07
14.62

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.57
512.15
529.24

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.84
13.36

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
418.58
435.54

114.60

121.66

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
February ..
March
April
MayP
JuneP

29.4
29.9
29.9
28.8
28.9
28.7
29.3

$9.02
9.03
9.05
9.19
9.21
9.22
9.26

$265.19
270.00
270.60
264.67
266.17
264.61
271.32

36.0
36.3
37.0
36.1
36.1
36.0
36.2

$14.51
14.54
14.62
14.64
14.69
14.74
14.76

$522.36
527.80
540.94
528.50
530.31
530.64
534.31

32.6
32.8
33.2
32.3
32.7
32.7
32.6

$13.21
13.18
13.23
13.45
13.51
13.57
13.65

$430.65
432.30
439.24
434.44
441.78
443.74
444.99

28.5
28.5
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.3

9.33
9.35
9.37
9.42
9.39
9.38

265.91
266.48
267.98
272.24
271.37
274.83

36.8
36.1
35.9
36.7
35.9
36.2

14.99
14.93
14.97
15.12
15.03
14.94

551.63
538.97
537.42
554.90
539.58
540.83

32.7
32.6
32.5
32.8
32.4
32.7

13.78
13.77
13.77
13.83
13.76
13.70

450.61
448.90
447.53
453.62
445.82
447.99

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1999 forward are
subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
June
Total
Total private
Goods-producing

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

JuneP

128,630 128,898 129,057 129,265 129,523 129,788 130,038 130,387 130,482 131,009 131,419 131,590 131,601
108,507 108,735 108,846 109,042 109,275 109,517 109,730 110,036 110,088 110,462 110,752 110,587 110,793
25,432

25,488

25,430

25,460

25,483

25,527

25,561

25,677

25,624

25,738

25,725

25,687

25,700

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ....

529
45
85
287
112

528
45
85
286
112

526
44
84
286
112

527
45
83
287
112

529
45
83
289
112

527
45
82
288
112

530
45
83
291
111

530
45
81
293
111

533
45
81
296
111

536
45
80
300
111

539
45
80
303
111

537
44
79
304
110

539
45
79
305
110

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building ..
Special trade contractors

6,388
1,447
866
4,075

6,408
1,451
867
4,090

6,401
1,447
865
4,089

6,439
1,458
866
4,115

6,470
1,464
872
4,134

6,516
1,470
876
4,170

6,552
1,474
882
4,196

6,652
1,498
892
4,262

6,618
1,491
885
4,242

6,726
1,508
905
4,313

6,694
1,497
899
4,298

6,670
1,496
891
4,283

6,673
1,494
884
4,295

18,515

18,552

18,503

18,494

18,484

18,484

18,479

18,495

18,473

18,476

18,492

18,480

18,488

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,083
827
547
562
698
1,515
2,139
373

11,125
829
554
563
701
1,517
2,142
371

11,097
829
551
563
699
1,515
2,135
370

11,090
830
551
563
697
1,518
2,133
370

11,083
831
553
562
697
1,519
2,130
369

11,085
831
553
564
698
1,520
2,131
370

11,087
831
552
565
698
1,521
2,132
370

11,099
830
553
568
699
1,523
2,130
369

11,088
832
553
567
699
1,525
2,131
368

11,094
830
555
568
701
1,528
2,124
366

11,104
830
557
567
699
1,534
2,126
364

11,107
828
558
567
699
1,536
2,125
360

11,121
826
558
570
700
1,539
2,129
360

1,667

1,675

1,669

1,670

1,672

1,670

1,673

1,679

1,684

1,682

1,691

1,693

1,699

634
1,878
1,018
496
856
394

635
1,890
1,029
493
859
395

637
1,887
1,026
488
854
395

636
1,880
1,025
483
852
396

638
1,873
1,022
478
849
397

638
1,870
1,022
473
850
398

640
1,867
1,023
470
849
399

642
1,871
1,027
469
847
399

645
1,855
1,029
453
844
398

646
1,865
1,028
467
844
397

651
1,859
1,026
461
844
397

654
1,861
1,024
463
845
395

661
1,860
1,028
459
847
393

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

7,432
1,674
39
560
693
668
1,551
1,033
133
1,003
78

7,427
1,674
38
557
688
668
1,552
1,032
134
1,008
76

7,406
1,667
36
556
681
667
1,552
1,030
132
1,008
77

7,404
1,673
38
552
678
666
1,551
1,031
133
1,005
77

7,401
1,673
38
550
674
665
1,551
1,032
133
1,008
77

7,399
1,675
38
552
672
665
1,549
1,031
132
1,009
76

7,392
1,674
38
549
669
665
1,548
1,030
132
1,011
76

7,396
1,681
38
548
666
664
1,549
1,031
132
1,011
76

7,385
1,672
37
549
665
663
1,550
1,031
132
1,010
76

7,382
1,671
35
549
665
662
1,551
1,031
132
1,010
76

7,388
1,678
37
548
665
662
1,554
1,030
132
1,007
75

7,373
1,676
37
545
660
661
1,552
1,027
132
1,008
75

7,367
1,681
38
543
651
660
1,558
1,025
131
1,006
74

Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ...
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities .

Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

103,198 103,410 103,627 103,805 104,040 104,261 104,477 104,710 104,858 105,271 105,694 105,903 105,901
6,817
4,408
232

6,834
4,420
229

6,848
4,426
227

6,866
4,436
226

6,875
4,441
226

6,898
4,453
226

6,911
4,459
226

6,925
4,470
225

6,937
4,479
225

6,953
4,492
222

6,970
4,509
221

6,961
4,498
219

6,979
4,507
217

485
1,803
187
1,224
13
464
2,409
1,544
865

486
1,808
188
1,230
13
466
2,414
1,551
863

488
1,810
188
1,234
13
466
2,422
1,558
864

488
1,816
189
1,238
13
466
2,430
1,565
865

489
1,818
190
1,241
13
464
2,434
1,572
862

490
1,823
190
1,246
13
465
2,445
1,581
864

491
1,818
192
1,253
13
466
2,452
1,588
864

493
1,827
192
1,256
13
464
2,455
1,591
864

494
1,828
196
1,259
12
465
2,458
1,598
860

494
1,833
197
1,268
12
466
2,461
1,602
859

498
1,839
200
1,270
12
469
2,461
1,604
857

498
1,832
200
1,269
12
468
2,463
1,607
856

496
1,834
201
1,276
12
471
2,472
1,615
857

6,905
4,102
2,803

6,927
4,118
2,809

6,946
4,132
2,814

6,962
4,143
2,819

6,973
4,155
2,818

6,989
4,165
2,824

7,002
4,173
2,829

7,005
4,174
2,831

7,011
4,177
2,834

7,033
4,185
2,848

7,055
4,201
2,854

7,047
4,200
2,847

7,031
4,188
2,843

See footnotes at end of table.




50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

JuneP

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,810
985
2,777
2,439
3,494

22,833
989
2,774
2,433
3,495

22,841
992
2,768
2,426
3,498

22,844
994
2,757
2,414
3,495

22,863
1,004
2,752
2,408
3,496

22,893
1,008
2,752
2,406
3,498

22,936
1,012
2,766
2,416
3,501

22,973
1,016
2,765
2,419
3,501

22,978
1,020
2,762
2,417
3,503

23,027
1,034
2,756
2,409
3,502

23,197
1,032
2,791
2,443
3,522

23,081
1,022
2,762
2,406
3,515

23,130
1,013
2,757
2,401
3,515

2,365
1,078
1,172
1,085
7,965
2,967

2,368
1,081
1,184
1,086
7,958
2,979

2,369
1,084
1,181
1,090
7,958
2,985

2,372
1,087
1,183
1,092
7,956
2,995

2,377
1,089
1,186
1,093
7,950
3,005

2,380
1,092
1,190
1,091
7,966
3,008

2,386
1,094
1,182
1,098
7,986
3,005

2,399
1,097
1,176
1,099
7,998
3,019

2,394
1,100
1,184
1,102
7,992
3,021

2,407
1,105
1,188
1,111
8,000
3,029

2,410
1,106
1,195
1,113
8,097
3,037

2,408
1,107
1,194
1,114
8,031
3,035

2,413
1,110
1,198
1,120
8,066
3,048

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and

7,573
3,693
2,060

7,583
3,700
2,060
1,475
251

7,590
3,704
2,063

7,589
3,702
2,063

7,604
3,707
2,061

7,613

7,612

3,710

718
362

716
358

695
230
2,375
1,611

711
353
697
231
2,376
1,610

7,599
3,702
2,044
1,457
243
683

691
231
2,374
1,611

1,466
243
692
330
728
239
2,373
1,605

7,610
3,709
2,052
1,464
243
686
323
732
239
2,365
1,597

7,593
3,707
2,045

1,476
250

3,709
2,058
1,470
247
699
339

7,621
3,713
2,054

1,476

7,599
3,704
2,063
1,475
250
706
348
703
232
2,378

321
736

239
2,361
1,594

318
743
240
2,360

760
1,507

763
1,509

764
1,511

38,970
761
1,845
1,228
9,242
982
3,585
3,216

39,070
765
1,851

39,191
764
1,857
1,237
9,339
992
3,626

1,831

1,846
1,185
375

service
Real estate
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing

services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

1,476

251
718
365
684
231
2,373
1,613

1,185
375

614
1,649
9,983

1,233

9,303
988
3,618
3,244

617
1,650

251

3,251

1,857
1,t85
376
618
1,664
10,008
1,885
1,786
3,987
636
999
2,292
2,808

713
234
2,378
1,610

716
236
2,372

1,612

1,473
250
704
345
709
233
2,375
1,608

1,606

7,624
3,717
2,057
1,469
245
699
338
723
238
2,373
1,606

766
1,511

766
1,517

767
1,522

768
1,525

766
1,531

767
1,534

768
1,535

768
1,536

767
1,536

767
1,526

39,321
770
1,863
1,243
9,404
994
3,678
3,298

39,482
774
1,863
1,247
9,465
997

39,707
782
1,868
1,257
9,538
997
3,748
3,358

39,844
806
1,866

3,712
3,327

39,606
782
1,868
1,252
9,502
998
3,734
3,343

39,914
796
1,868
1,265
9,615
1,000
3,773
3,382

40,090
812
1,885
1,265
9,681
1,004
3,817
3,418

40,195
801
1,902
1,272
9,735
1,001
3,885
3,485

40,212
798
1,905
1,261
9,715
998
3,855
3,440

40,360
798
1,920
1,270
9,769
1,002
3,878
3,450

1,866

1,874

1,880

1,191

1,191

379
624
1,691
10,027
1,893
1,785
3,992
636

379
625
1,701
10,041
1,898
1,785
3,992
637
1,005
2,305

1,888
1,192
382
624
1,703
10,053
1,903

1,896
1,194
382
626
1,721
10,066
1,910
1,788
4,001
638

1,906
1,195
384
623

1,930
1,192
382
633
1,754

1,938
1,191
384
643

10,093
1,925
1,789
3,999
641
1,004
2,329
2,940
753

10,101

2,905
737

10,078
1,914
1,790
4,002
639
1,007
2,309
2,912
740

1,915
1,192
384
630
1,729
10,091
1,920
1,791
4,004
639
1,007
2,329
2,929
749

1,927

1,186
377

803

807

810

812

815

10,116
1,930
1,786
4,009
640
1,009
2,351
2,938
757
819

1,058

99
2,438
3,327
974
1,068

100
2,439
3,344
982
1,074

100
2,439
3,354
984
1,077

101
2,440
3,369
985
1,085

102
2,439
3,368
987
1,088

100
2,438
3,385
994
1,094

102
2,441
3,410
1,007
1,105

20,271
2,646
1,780
4,723
1,980
2,743
12,902
7,323
5,579

20,308
2,646
1,780
4,727
1,983
2,744
12,935
7,343
5,592

20,351
2,663
1,797
4,725
1,981
2,744
12,963
7,356
5,607

20,394
2,700
1,835
4,728
1,981
2,747
12,966
7,355
5,611

20,547
2,816
1,951
4,733
1,982
2,751
12,998
7,373
5,625

20,667
2,885
2,022
4,744
1,990
2,754
13,038
7,408
5,630

21,003
3,235
2,371
4,737
1,984
2,753
13,031
7,393
5,638

20,808
3,038
2,175
4,726
1,972
2,754
13,044
7,411
5,633

619
1,672

3,983
635
997
2,278
2,799
693
772

9,994
1,880
1,784
3,983
635
996
2,285
2,790
697
776

98
2,427
3,246
951
1,032

98
2,419
3,265
956
1,037

98
2,426
3,276

98
2,430
3,283

2,431
3,300

957
1,045

956
1,044

964
1,054

20,163
2,656
1,782
4,691
1,967
2,724
12,816
7,273
5,543

20,211
2,655
1,783
4,698
1,972
2,726
12,858
7,305
5,553

20,223
2,655
1,785
4,714
1,978
2,736
12,854
7,299
5,555

20,248
2,647
1,779
4,722
1,979
2,743
12,879
7,308
5,571

1,875
1,785

20,123
2,662
1,788
4,673
1,950
2,723
12,788
7,257
5,531

701
780

10,015
1,888
1,785

3,989
635
1,000

1,003

2,294
2,823
701
785

2,299
2,845
708
790
99

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1999




2,868

721
795
99
2,434
3,310
969

2,059
1,471
248
704
343

1,787

3,997
637
1,007
2,309
2,884
729
800

1,263

9,571
997
3,753
3,361

1,008
2,308

1,723

1,195
383
634
1,752

1,929
1,787
4,004
639
1,005
2,353
2,944
757

1,457
242

679

1,593

1,773

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Industry
Apr.
Total
Total private

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

62,064 62,131 62,275 62,395 62,487 62,591 62,713 62,822 62,936 63,078 63,137 63,315 63,616
50,794 50,851 50,965 51,066 51,127 51,209 51,318 51,396 51,493 51,604 51,644 51,740 51,967
6,685

6,678

6,676

6,684

6,667

6,666

6,661

6,659

6,673

6,678

6,682

6,670

6,685

81

80

79

79

78

77

77

76

75

74

74

74

74

703

705

711

713

716

718

721

723

730

732

737

737

740

5,901

5,893

5,886

5,892

5,873

5,871

5,863

5,860

5,868

5,872

5,871

5,859

5,871

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,956
147
173
101
103
342
469
681
410

2,955
148
174
101
102
343
469
680
410

2,957
148
174
101
102
343
470
680
410

d)

172

173

2,959
149
176
100
102
344
471
680
409
(1)
174

174

2,956
149
177
100
102
344
472
679
406
(1)
174

2,964
150
178
101
102
344
474
679
408
(1)
175

2,967
150
178
101
102
344
474
682
409

(D

2,958
149
176
100
102
343
469
680
411
(1)
173

2,957
149
177
99
102
344
470
680
409

(1)
173

2,970
149
178
101
102
345
471
684
412
(1)
173

175

2,969
151
178
101
102
345
473
683
411
(1)
173

2,964
151
179
101
102
346
471
682
408
(1)
172

2,970
151
178
101
102
347
472
687
408
(1)
173

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,945
552

2,938
553
12
260
503
163
699
340
24
343
41

2,929
552
12
258
498
163
699
340
24
342
41

2,922
551
13
258
493
163
700
338
23
343
40

2,915
550
11
257
487
163
700
339
23
345
40

2,912
551
12
255
484
163
700
340
23
344
40

2,906
551
12
253
481
163
699
340
23
344
40

2,904
552
12
254
478
164
698
340
22
344
40

2,904
554
12
254
477
164
698
339
23
344
39

2,905
557
12
253
474
164
700
339
23
344
39

2,902
553
12
254
472
165
700
339
24
344
39

2,895
552
11
254
472
164
700
338
23
343
38

2,901
559
12
253
471
165
700
337
24
342
38

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

12
262
508
163
700
340
24
343
41

(D

d)

55,379 55,453 55,599 55,711 55,820 55,925 56,052 56,163 56,263 56,400 56,455 56,645 56,931

Transportation and public utilities

2,067

2,074

2,085

2,087

2,099

2,108

2,115

2,123

2,131

2,147

2,147

2,151

2,154

Wholesale trade

2,125

2,127

2,134

2,142

2,146

2,151

2,157

2,160

2,166

2,168

2,172

2,180

2,189

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

12,008 12,013 12,019 12,024 12,011 12,003 12,006 12,004 12,016 12,033 12,034 12,045 12,159
4,719

4,722

4,731

4,738

4,748

4,750

4,754

4,752

4,752

4,756

4,761

4,761

4,759

Services

23,190 23,237 23,320 23,391 23,456 23,531 23,625 23,698 23,755 23,822 23,848 23,933 24,021

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,270 11,280 11,310 11,329 11,360 11,382 11,395 11,426 11,443 11,474 11,493 11,575 11,649
1,130 1,141
1,161
1,219 1,257
1,133 1,125 1,126 1,128 1,128 1,130 1,128 1,131
2,409 2,410 2,413 2,413 2,419 2,426 2,432 2,439 2,440 2,441 2,443 2,447 2,452
7,728 7,745 7,771 7,788 7,813 7,826 7,835 7,856 7,873 7,892 7,889 7,909 7,940

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Industry
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

JuneP

Total private

88,800 88,981 89,073 89,238 89,491 89,659 89,847 90,185 90,199 90,474 90,799 90,629 90,773

Goods-producing

18,045 18,098 18,032 18,070 18,101 18,134 18,156 18,318 18,255 18,297 18,272 18,248 18,248

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

396

396

395

397

400

398

400

400

400

402

404

402

405

4,938

4,949

4,931

4,973

4,999

5,034

5,055

5,205

5,158

5,212

5,179

5,163

5,162

12,711 12,753 12,706 12,700 12,702 12,702 12,701 12,713 12,697 12,683 12,689 12,683 12,681

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,572
678
436
440
544
1,136

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,139
1,249
29
472
552
506
826
583
88
776
58

Service-producing

1,349
1,040
1,244
776
(2)
273

7,620
680
440
440
548

1,147
1,355
1,053
1,252
784
(2)
273
5,133
1,249
28
472
547
505
825
583
88
780
56

7,590
679
439
439
547
1,137
1,343
1,045
1,256
785
(2)
274

7,580
680
439
439
545
1,138
1,341
1,043
1,252
785
(2)
274

7,581
682
441
438
546
1,140

5,116
1,240
25
470
542
505
825
581
88
782
58

5,120
1,249
27
468
538
505
824
585
87
780
57

5,121
1,250
27
467
535
503
825
586
87
784
57

1,340
1,042
1,247
783
(2)
275

7,579

7,592
681
439
444
546
1,144
1,344
1,042
1,251
789
(2)
276

7,592
681
440
440
547
1,146
1,351
1,043
1,247
787
(2)
275

7,580
680
441
443
549
1,148
1,341
1,041
1,243
783
(2)
274

7,584

781
(2)
275

7,579
681
440
441
546
1,142
1,343
1,039
1,244
782
(2)
276

5,123
1,252
27
466
534
504
824
589
86
785
56

5,122
1,253
27
465
533
504
824
589
84
787
56

5,121
1,256
26
463
531
504
825
590
82
788
56

5,105
1,248
26
463
529
503
825
588
80
787
56

5,103
1,247
23
464
530
503
826
588
79
787
56

681
440
440
545
1,141
1,342

1,041
1,244

782
(2)
275

7,586
678
445
442
548
1,154
1,343
1,049
1,236
780
(2)
272

7,590
675
446
442
548
1,159
1,343
1,051
1,235
783
(2)
270

5,105
1,254
25
463
531
502
829
586
77
783
55

5,097
1,254
25
461
525
501
830
584
77
785
55

5,091
1,256
25
459
515
503
831
583
77
787
55

679
443
441
548
1,152

1,342
1,048
1,236

70,755 70,883 71,041 71,168 71,390 71,525 71,691 71,867 71,944 72,177 72,527 72,381 72,525

Transportation and public utilities

5,652

5,659

5,670

5,687

5,694

5,709

5,721

5,747

5,749

5,783

5,801

5,793

5,807

Wholesale trade

5,529

5,540

5,551

5,558

5,569

5,580

5,593

5,592

5,597

5,612

5,623

5,623

5,605

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

20,072 20,096 20,107 20,104 20,124 20,140 20,193 20,229 20,229 20,265 20,441 20,326 20,350
5,548

5,554

5,554

5,553

5,558

5,560

5,564

5,567

5,562

5,555

5,545

5,548

33,954 34,034 34,159 34,266 34,448 34,538 34,624 34,735 34,802 34,955 35,107 35,094 35,215

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,555

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1 -month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

50.4
57.3
63.2
54.1
60.8

64.5
59.7
56.6
58.8
54.1

60.3
62.8
60.5
53.9
60.7

54.8
63.2
58.7
59.6
56.5

62.6
57.7
58.3
52.8
P45.9

61.5
57.7
59.7
57.9
P54.1

57.3
61.2
53.9
58.8

61.0
60.1
58.1
53.8

57.9
61.5
56.2
57.3

62.6
65.3
53.8
60.7

59.3
62.1
59.0
60.8

60.0
61.2
57.4
59.0

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

61.1
62.6
64.3
58.3
61.0

62.6
64.0
66.6
57.3
62.6

63.6
66.3
63.2
58.4
61.9

63.1
66.7
66.3
54.4
P57.0

63.3
63.2
63.6
57.3
P54.5

64.9
62.1
58.0
58.8

64.2
61.5
57.4
58.1

61.4
66.2
57.9
60.7

65.2
67.4
59.7
59.6

64.3
69.4
58.1
63.5

65.4
69.0
58.6
64.3

63.3
69.1
59.4
63.1

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.5
66.3
69.8
60.0
65.6

64.6
67.0
67.4
58.0
P60.8

65.6
66.6
65.2
57.6
P59.7

64.6
66.3
61.8
58.6

64.5
65.6
62.9
54.4

64.5
67.1
61.4
59.7

67.3
66.3
59.0
60.4

65.7
68.5
58.4
62.1

65.2
69.0
57.4
64.0

67.1
70.4
59.7
62.8

66.0
69.7
59.3
65.2

67.4
70.4
59.1
64.6

64.5
69.0
69.7
60.3

66.7
67.3
67.3
58.3

64.5
68.3
67.3
57.6

65.6
69.7
65.9
59.4

68.5
69.5
63.9
59.6

67.3
70.1
62.5
60.5

67.7
70.1
61.5
61.9

66.4
70.4
62.1
61.0

68.0
70.5
61.0
62.6

69.9
70.1
59.8
62.9

68.7
69.4
59.8
P62.6

66.9
70.4
58.1
P62.6

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1 -month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

44.6
49.6
57.9
45.0
52.2

54.7
52.5
50.7
41.0
47.8

48.2
56.1
53.6
42.8
51.1

42.1
54.0
50.7
46.4
51.1

55.4
51.4
47.1
40.3
P45.7

52.2
54.3
50.0
46.4
P48.9

47.8
50.7
37.8
54.7

54.3
53.6
50.0
38.1

50.0
56.5
45.7
46.4

56.1
61.9
39.9
51.8

50.4
60.4
41.7
51.4

53.2
55.4
43.9
50.4

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

44.2
50.7
56.8
36.7
47.8

47.8
53.2
56.8
37.1
52.5

44.6
55.8
52.2
37.1
49.3

45.7
56.1
52.2
34.5
P48.9

47.1
53.2
48.6
37.8
P47.5

51.4
52.5
41.4
43.5

50.4
52.5
39.2
39.9

49.6
55.8
40.3
45.0

55.4
59.7
43.2
42.1

53.2
66.5
37.1
50.4

55.0
64.7
36.7
51.1

49.6
64.0
40.6
50.7

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

41.7
53.2
60.1
35.6
51.4

45.0
53.2
54.3
33.5
P46.8

46.8
52.5
50.4
33.5
P48.2

46.0
52.9
39.9
37.1

45.3
51.8
43.5
32.7

47.8
53.2
42.1
38.8

53.2
54.7
38.8
41.0

50.4
61.2
36.7
45.7

50.7
61.2
36.0
48.2

53.2
64.4
39.9
43.2

51.8
64.7
34.5
48.6

54.7
63.7
32.7
51.1

43.5
54.7
55.0
37.4

47.5
52.5
51.8
32.4

45.3
54.0
51.8
31.7

45.3
54.0
46.8
35.3

50.4
55.4
40.6
36.0

49.6
56.8
39.9
37.1

50.4
57.2
37.8
38.8

48.6
57.9
38.1
39.6

51.1
58.3
37.1
42.4

55.0
56.8
36.0
42.4

54.3
56.8
34.2
P43.5

50.7
57.2
33.5
P46.0

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1999 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1999) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1996) are subject to revision.
54

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

Total1
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

1,914.2
276.3
2,148.2
1,137.0
13,924.8

1,927.8 1,930.5 1,937.1 1,935.7
278.7
278.9
278.0
278.1
2,170.3 2,172.8 2,179.0 2,188.0
1,140.4 1,141.3 1,142.4 1,149.1
1,137.7
13,948.3 14,001.8 14,033.4 14,063.8 14,083.9
1,917.7

276.8
2,156.7

2,132.0
1,670.7
410.6
614.3

2,146.7

6,832.5

6,856.1

6,885.3

3,870.2
531.6
535.8

3,879.6
533.8
538.4

3,899.8
534.9
540.2

5,953.7
2,968.0

5,966.6

5,972.5

2,968.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,467.5
1,320.8
1,791.9
1,888.7
582.7

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

2,123.8
1,668.8
410.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

613.6

1,675.2
409.5
615.3

1,937.3 1,940.5 1,941.7 1,946.9 1,948.0 1,949.2 1,958.9
277.3
282.4
282.9
279.9
278.7
280.1
280.3
2,190.5 2,203.0 2,214.7 2,222.5 2,227.3 2,246.0 2,256.7
1,151.5 1,153.8 1,158.2 1,162.3 1,165.0 1,167.3 1,169.3
14,120.9 14,171.3 14,211.5 14,252.5 14,270.1 14,330.7 14,390.1

2,152.2 2,156.4 2,161.8 2,166.5 2,171.4 2,182.1 2,188.9 2,196.5 2,201.0
1,676.2 1,674.3 1,674.7 1,678.2 1,680.7 1,685.3 1,686.8 1,692.1 1,692.0 1,694.6
421.2
416.0
415.3
413.4
423.4
417.4
413.7
422.8
419.6
415.8
619.2
619.9
618.1
617.1
617.0
618.5
620.0
621.2
620.7
620.8
6,909.7 6,934.1 6,965.4 6.990.2 7,016.6 7,032.2 7,061.0 7,087.5 7,112.9 7,153.0
2,148.0

3,931.7
541.2
542.2
5,970.3
2,980.2

3,939.1
537.3
547.9

3.948.1

537.1

2,980.7

3,916.1
538.8
542.6
5,968.1
2,980.6

3,971.5 3,974.1 3,995.8 4,006.0 4,007.5
541.5
539.7
537.2
543.6
535.9
547.9
556.2
555.1
558.7
546.2
548.9
551.5
5,972.9 5,979.3 5,983.6 5,948.2 5,985.5 6,001.8 6,012.9 6,007.9
2,982.1 2,984.8 2,986.8 2,986.3 2,986.4 2,985.3 2,993.6 3,007.7

1,469.2
1,324.4
1,795.8
1,889.9
584.9

1,467.3
1,326.5
1,793.2
1,896.0
586.1

1,465.3
1,325.3
1,799.3
1,898.1
586.2

1,466.8
1,323.7
1,801.0
1,900.9
588.8

1,466.9
1,333.2
1,804.2
1,904.8
590.2

1,469.4
1,337.2
1,809.6
1,907.8
591.8

1,473.4
1,339.9
1,813.9
1,907.4
593.1

1,477.3
1,340.0
1,822.5
1,899.2
593.1

1,481.2
1,339.6
1.825.9
1,905.1
597.7

1,484.6
1,343.5
1,830.8
1,908.7
599.2

1,488.4
1,344.5
1,836.5
1,911.5
601.3

1,491.6
1.345.6
1,838.7
1,917.1
601.3

2,378.5
3,223.8
4,526.6
2,600.2
1,153.1

2,380.3
3,231.3
4,531.5
2,604.4
1,156.7

2,368.4
3,243.3
4,541.6
2,614.4
1,161.2

2,372.6
3,247.8
4,542.6
2,617.0
1,161.5

2,396.3
3,253.4
4,543.7
2,619.6
1,162.0

2,401.2
3,255.6
4,538.5
2,623.9
1,160.3

2,406.3
3,255.5
4,544.7
2,627.0
1,158.4

2,409.8
3,264.3
4,549.5
2,632.7
1,156.9

2,427.5
3,270.6
4,547.6
2,637.6
1,159.4

2,424.6
3,273.9
4,548.0
2,648.2
1,158.9

2,435.0
3,274.7
4,554.7
2,651.2
1,159.6

2,441.3
3,291.7
4,572.1
2,654.8
1,156.5

2,444.8
3,291.7
4,583.4
2,656.3
1,157.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,716.5
379.6
888.3
979.0
603.6

2,722.5
380.5
891.7
980.1
605.5

2,727.8
383.2
897.8
988.8
606.8

2,725.8
382.9
894.9
994.4
608.3

2,740.4
383.4
894.8
996.0
607.8

2,738.3
384.1
894.1
1,001.4
606.6

2,739.7
385.4
893.8
1,004.2
609.2

2,740.1
386.8
894.9
1,007.0
610.7

2,752.9
385.7
894.8
1,007.9
612.8

2,738.4
386.2
893.5
1,008.7
612.4

2,746.5
389.8
895.2
1.012.5
612.4

2,749.0
389.8
895.1
1,015.2
613.2

2,748.4
390.6
894.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,860.0
728.3

3,869.8
730.6
8,464.1
3,885.5
323.6

3,870.9
733.0
8,469.9

3,879.2
325.5

3,889.8
734.5
8,514.9
3,885.7
326.5

3,896.5
735.5
8,530.7
3,886.4
326.1

3,902.5 3,902.0 3.911.7 3,923.3 3,933.3
739.4
743.4
742.4
737.2
732.0

323.1

3,877.6
734.0
8,475.0
3,881.0
325.1

3,884.6

322.9

3,864.2
729.8
8,438.0
3,839.4
323.6

3,906.2 3,896.6 3.911.4 3,921.4 3,932.5
325.2
325.2
324.2
325.3
324.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,536.2
1,456.4
1,565.9
5,571.7
463.2

5,543.0
1,462.3
1,567.2
5,588.6
463.2

5,558.4
1,460.5
1,580.1
5,584.5
465.6

5,561.5
1,463.6
1,579.8
5,587.1
466.8

5,560.4
1,464.7
1,576.0
5,581.2
466.8

5,566.6
1,470.1
1,583.0
5,583.0
467.7

5,571.6
1,472.3
1,586.3
5,583.8
467.7

5,580.3
1,475.5
1,588.9
5,580.6
467.6

5,585.6
1,472.2
1,586.1
5,625.2
466.1

5,593.0
1,480.5
1,592.7
5,608.8
468.8

5,590.6
1,484.3
1,588.0
5,622.7

5,601.6
1,486.1
1,591.5
5,621.2
470.6

5,596.5
1,490.2
1,595.1
5,610.8
471.9

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,827.5
372.2
2,666.2
9,119.8
1,046.0

1,831.0
372.1
2,670.6
9,139.5
1,048.9

1,835.1
372.2
2,679.2
9,137.0
1,051.8

1,837.7
372.7
2,687.5
9,162.9
1,053.0

1,840.5
373.3
2,682.6
9,191.4
1,057.9

1,843.9
376.3
2,684.4
9,212.6
1,059.4

1,850.0
377.9
2,688.7
9,239.8
1,060.3

1,855.8
378.5
2,691.8
9,264.9
1,061.9

1,854.3
378.3
2,693.5
9,279.1
1,060.4

1,862.2
378.8
2,697.8
9,306.5
1,065.6

1,868.3
380.6
2,719.0
9,349.1
1,068.2

1,868.0
379.9
2,709.6
9,358.1
1,069.0

1,877.8
378.0
2,717.6
9,407.9
1,070.2

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

290.5
3,396.1
2,633.1

289.8
3,404.0
2,637.2

725.8
2,773.9
231.2

725.4
2,779.7
232.4

291.4
295.4
292.2
290.0
291.0
290.9
290.6
296.9
295.8
294.5
294.6
3,406.4 3,415.2 3,417.8 3,432.4 3,435.9 3,440.9 3,451.6 3,458.4 3,463.9 3,471.1 3,467.9
2,645.9 2,649.8 2,647.1 2,653.7 2,660.1 2,665.6 2,668.3 2,658.7 2,679.9 2,679.8 2,696.9
726.2
724.7
732.2
732.4
729.1
727.3
722.6
723.5
745.0
728.3
729.1
2,782.9 2,782.7 2,779.6 2,787.7 2,789.3 2,794.5 2,796.5 2,801.0 2,811.7 2,820.8 2,813.1
231.4
233.3
231.2
235.1
234.6
233.8
235.1
235.6
236.1
237.3
236.1

8,427.7
3,852.1

3,906.2

See footnotes at end of table.




55

3,932.8

733.1
8,496.0

536.8

8,556.6

8,566.2

8.577.9

8,599.6

1,022.9
612.4

8,633.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

102.7
13.7
153.5
50.2
672.3

102.6
13.6
154.4
50.0
676.2

104.3
13.5
156.1
49.8
682.0

104.5
13.5
157.1
50.0
683.7

105.1
13.6
157.5
49.8
690.1

105.4
13.7
157.5
50.5
695.4

105.3
13.9
158.1
50.9
700.2

105.8
14.3
158.8
51.2
705.5

107.1
14.3
157.5
53.0
713.3

107.9
14.6
159.5
53.4
720.1

108.6
14.8
157.6
53.8
716.1

108.5
14.7
159.8
53.6
729.0

107.8
14.1
159.6
53.3
728.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

145.2
60.6
24.7
8.7

149.5
60.1
24.2
8.9
366.3

150.3
60.2
24.1
9.1
366.9

150.5
60.8
24.0
9.2
366.8

151.8
61.2
23.9
9.4
368.0

153.2
61.7
23.6
9.4
368.7

154.0
62.2
23.8
9.5
369.6

157.4
63.6
24.8
9.4
373.4

162.9
63.3
24.8
9.3
376.0

163.7
64.1
24.9
9.1
377.6

166.4
63.5
24.7
9.2
378.6

166.5

363.6

147.1
60.4
24.7
8.9
364.9

9.1
378.8

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

198.3
21.6
34.6
250.8
147.6

200.1
21.7
34.8
251.9
147.6

200.5
21.9
34.9
254.9
147.3

199.8
21.5
35.0
252.6
146.5

199.5
21.6
35.0
253.0
147.0

200.9
21.5
36.7
253.5
147.4

200.7
21.6
36.5
253.6
147.6

200.8
21.8
36.8
253.6
147.6

200.2
22.3
36.1
253.0
146.7

200.8
22.8
37.3
255.0
149.5

203.3
23.9
37.7
262.7
152.2

201.0
23.7
37.3
259.2
151.1

200.8
24.1
37.8
254.8
149.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

65.4
64.9
86.0
128.7
27.1

65.4
65.4
86.0
128.7
28.0

64.9
65.6
86.2
128.6
28.2

64.6
65.8
86.8
129.3
28.3

64.6
66.3
86.6
130.0
28.6

64.8
66.6
87.4
130.8
28.8

65.0
67.0
88.0
131.6
29.1

65.7
67.5
88.4
131.5
29.4

66.1
68.6
90.6
126.8
29.7

67.8
67.9
88.7
130.2
30.8

68.6
69.6
90.0
129.5
30.7

69.4
69.2
89.1
131.5
31.0

68.8
69.3
88.7
131.1
29.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

149.4
118.7
190.5
109.8
55.8

149.7
118.9
190.8
110.1
55.7

152.0
118.5
191.5
111.6
55.4

151.8
118.8
190.9
112.0
55.2

151.9
120.0
190.9
113.1
55.6

151.6
120.1
190.8
114.5
55.3

151.7
120.7
191.8
115.6
56.0

151.7
122.1
192.8
118.8
56.2

159.3
125.5
194.3
120.2
56.3

157.7
124.6
192.0
119.6
55.8

158.5
126.1
193.1
120.5
55.3

158.3
127.6
194.7
120.2
53.8

158.5
127.5
192.9
117.0
53.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

135.3
19.7
42.4
88.6
24.3

136.6
19.9
42.6
88.5
24.3

141.1
19.7
43.5
89.2
24.4

141.3
19.3
43.5
89.3
24.4

141.3
19.1
43.7
89.8
24.5

141.4
19.3
43.7
90.5
24.7

140.8
19.4
44.1
91.3
24.7

140.9
19.9
44.9
91.7
24.8

145.3
19.9
44.9
91.6
26.1

140.5
20.3
43.8
91.6
26.3

142.8
21.0
44.6
92.0
26.3

141.6
21.3
43.9
91.9
26.2

141.6
20.6
43.2
92.0
26.0

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

137.0
43.3
309.5
224.4
16.0

137.1
43.6
310.9
225.4
16.4

137.5
43.6
311.9
225.9
17.1

137.4
43.6
312.0
226.2
17.2

137.7
43.6
312.7
225.8
17.3

139.0
44.0
314.3
225.1
17.4

139.3
44.0
316.8
225.3
18.0

139.8
43.9
319.5
225.1
17.9

142.7
43.9
328.2
227.0
19.0

141.8
44.1
326.9
226.3
17.3

142.8
44.1
326.2
228.5
17.0

143.1
44.1
329.0
229.3
17.1

144.0
44.0
329.2
229.0
15.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

234.9
57.3
82.3
236.0
17.5

235.2
57.3
82.2
235.2
17.7

235.5
57.9
82.7
236.1
18.0

235.4
58.1
82.7
235.7
18.2

235.8
58.4
82.7
236.2
18.2

236.8
58.8
83.5
237.6
18.4

237.2
59.0
83.7
238.9
18.7

238.2
58.8
83.7
238.5
18.6

239.2
58.7
83.2
248.1
17.7

241.1
59.7
85.5
243.8
17.7

240.9
59.7
84.4
244.3
18.0

237.1
60.4
84.6
242.7
18.1

236.2
59.7
84.7
240.6
18.0

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

113.1
17.2

113.1
17.2
123.6
526.3
72.0

114.3
17.2
123.7
529.3
73.2

114.8
17.1
124.0
531.5
73.3

115.4
17.2
124.4
533.4
73.5

116.1
17.0
124.7
534.5
74.4

116.7
17.8
125.0
537.0
74.6

117.2
17.4
125.7
538.6
75.0

117.2
17.6
124.3
539.6
76.8

118.1
17.9
126.6
545.7
77.3

118.1
18.5
126.9
549.4
76.7

118.4
17.9
128.9
555.6
76.1

128.5
554.8
75.0

14.3
197.8
153.1
33.1
121.2
17.1

14.7
195.5
154.6
32.9
120.7
17.1

14.5
196.1
154.4
32.9
120.9
17.0

14.4
195.9
154.7
32.7
120.5
17.1

14.4
198.5
155.9
33.1
121.1
17.0

14.5
199.8
156.5
33.2
121.8
17.1

14.6
201.3
157.9
33.0
122.5
17.3

15.0
202.7
156.7
33.9
123.1
18.2

15.4
203.4
158.3
33.2
124.0
18.7

15.2
204.2
158.6
33.8
127.0
18.5

15.1
204.6
159.2
32.6
125.5
17.6

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

123.2
522.9

71.6
14.7
197.6
151.5
33.7
120.6

17.2

See footnotes at end of table.




56

62.7
24.9

119.1

17.2

15.3
202.9
160.1

33.3
122.6
16.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
May

June

July

I

Aug. | Sept.

Oct. |

Nov.

Dec.

Jan. |

Feb. |

Mar.

Apr. | MayP

Manufacturing
369.4
13.2
211.1
252.3
1,923.7

368.3
12.8
210.9
251.1
1,922.9

369.6
14.0
211.8
252.5
1,921.8

368.2
14.7
211.6
252.2
1,922.9

367.4
15.3
211.8
252.3
1,926.5

367.1
14.6
212.1
253.4
1,923.7

366.6
12.4
212.5
253.9
1,922.9

365.8
14.7
212.8
253.8
1,924.6

365.6
13.3
212.7
252.8
1,921.3

366.2
11.6
213.5
254.7
1,921.9

366.9
11.9
213.9
254.1
1.920.0

366.6
13.8
214.5
254.2
1,923.6

366.3
12.9
215.2
253.2
1,924.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

204.2
269.4
59.9
11.9
487.5

204.0
268.4
60.2
11.8
487.0

204.5
269.1
57.3
11.9
487.2

204.0
268.1
59.5
12.0
486.7

203.5
267.3
59.4
12.0
486.3

203.3
266.5
59.6
12.0
485.9

203.2
267.0
59.6
12.0
485.9

202.6
266.9
59.6
12.0
485.3

203.0
265.4
58.3
12.2
487.0

203.8
266.6
59.7
12.1
487.0

203.6
265.7
59.7
12.0
488.4

204.2
264.3
59.1
12.0
489.7

203.8
264.8
58.6
11.8
489.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

598.9
16.4
76.2
954.8
686.8

599.2
16.4
76.3
953.9
688.2

598.4
16.6
76.7
955.3
692.4

600.8
16.6
76.8
955.7
691.9

599.8
16.6
76.7
955.8
692.2

599.8
16.6
76.9
955.3
692.3

600.2
16.7
76.8
954.9
692.5

600.4
16.6
76.9
955.2
692.7

605.3
16.5
76.9
950.7
694.1

605.0
16.8
77.2
952.6
692.0

605.5
16.7
77.4
951.7
691.4

607.1
16.7
77.2
951.0
690.8

606.5
16.8
77.2
951.7
690.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

262.6
213.3
318.7
188.4
85.8

261.9
213.1
318.6
187.9
86.0

261.8
212.6
320.0
188.2
85.8

261.2
211.9
320.6
188.3
85.8

260.4
210.9
321.4
187.9
86.0

259.9
211.3
321.2
187.6
85.9

259.9
211.3
322.2
187.4
86.2

260.3
211.3
322.5
186.8
86.2

259.8
211.7
322.8
186.7
86.2

260.9
211.6
322.8
186.7
86.4

260.5
211.3
322.4
187.1
86.0

261.4
211.5
322.3
187.5
85.9

262.8
210.9
321.1
186.4
85.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

176.4
432.8
979.7
438.7
244.2

176.2
431.8
979.7
438.8
244.8

177.6
432.4
981.5
438.7
246.6

177.3
432.5
981.6
438.9
246.2

177.4
432.5
979.8
439.3
245.3

176.9
432.5
975.6
439.9
244.3

177.3
432.5
972.4
439.5
243.1

177.4
432.4
970.4
439.9
242.4

178.6
430.8
969.0
440.8
243.0

177.3
431.1
969.1
440.7
243.9

177.5
430.7
967.4
439.9
244.0

178.0
431.5
969.1
439.5
244.3

177.6
430.5
968.7
438.1
241.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

412.3
24.3
117.2
42.3
106.4

413.0
24.1
117.0
42.4
106.5

412.6
24.8
117.5
42.1
106.4

411.7
24.7
116.9
42.4
106.5

409.4
24.6
116.9
42.4
106.3

408.2
24.7
117.1
42.5
106.3

406.6
24.7
117.0
42.7
106.4

405.6
24.6
116.9
42.7
106.2

407.5
24.5
117.0
43.0
105.7

404.9
24.6
116.9
42.9
105.3

401.0
24.8
117.4
42.9
104.6

401.5
24.8
117.7
43.1
105.1

401.2
24.6
117.6
43.1
105.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

467.5
42.5
892.2
805.3
24.2

466.5
42.4
890.5
802.7
24.3

466.5
42.6
892.2
803.1
24.0

464.7
42.4
891.3
798.6
23.9

464.4
42.1

463.3
41.7

465.3
41.6
891.4
791.7
24.0

791.9
24.0

463.1
41.9
888.4
790.6
24.1

462.8
41.9

795.7
23.8

463.5
41.6
889.9
792.6
24.0

463.8
41.9

797.2
23.9

463.5
41.6
889.5
794.5
23.9

789.1
24.1

462.2
42.1
884.1
789.0
24.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,088.4
184.5
240.8
928.4
74.6

1,088.2
185.3
239.9
926.9
74.2

1,087.8
184.7
239.8
931.8
73.3

1,089.2
184.2
239.3
929.3
74.0

1,085.1
183.9
239.1
929.3
74.0

1,083.1
183.6
240.2
929.7
74.0

1,083.3
183.7
241.6
929.7
74.1

1,082.0
183.6
241.8
929.1
73.9

1,084.1
183.2
242.3
931.1
74.1

1,083.0
183.7
243.3
928.0
74.1

1,082.9
183.9
242.2
930.3
74.0

1,082.9
184.2
242.8
929.4
73.1

1,078.2
184.5
240.9
930.0
73.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

346.3
50.4
507.1
1,084.0
132.5

345.4
50.2
506.9
1,081.7
132.6

344.6
50.0
510.0
1,084.2
133.3

342.6
49.8
511.1
1,082.5
133.1

342.8
50.0
510.2
1,081.4
133.0

342.1
50.5
510.5
1,082.1
132.8

342.7
50.5
509.8
1,082.4
132.5

342.9
50.4
508.5
1,081.9
132.3

343.6
50.2
507.9
1,081.6
133.0

343.6
50.0
506.6
1,083.8
133.0

343.7
49.9
507.1
1,084.1
133.0

342.6
49.3
507.0
1,078.5
133.4

341.9
48.8
507.0
1.081.7
133.1

47.8
393.0
366.1
81.2
616.3
11.1

47.9
393.7
364.7
80.7
616.0
11.1

47.9
394.3
363.7
81.4
614.9
11.1

47.9
397.3
362.3
81.3
613.4
11.1

47.7
397.4
359.4
81.4
612.3
11.1

47.8
396.9
357.2
82.0
614.4
11.1

47.8
396.8
356.6
82.1
614.8
11.2

47.8
397.1
356.2
82.2
615.1
11.2

48.3
398.9
354.9
83.1
614.3
11.0

48.1
396.6
339.1
82.6
616.3
11.3

48.1
396.1
353.4
82.3
615.4
11.3

47.9
395.6
353.1
82.1
614.6
11.2

47.7
394.2
353.1
81.9
613.7
11.0

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.




57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

94.5
25.9
103.4
69.0
717.9

94.6
26.3
103.9
69.2
718.0

94.8
26.3
104.0
69.3
720.8

95.0
26.4
104.4
69.3
723.0

95.3
26.3
104.9
69.5
724.0

95.3
26.5
105.6
69.5
725.6

95.7
26.5
105.9
69.8
728.1

96.1
26.5
106.2
69.6
730.4

95.7
26.7
105.6
70.3
735.5

96.5
26.7
107.1
70.4
738.3

96.6
26.7
107.1
70.5
739.4

95.8
26.6
108.6
70.6
741.3

96.3
27.0
109.1
70.8
745.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

139.4
78.2
16.8
17.5
347.9

139.1
78.2
16.8
17.1
348.1

139.0
77.9
16.5
16.9
348.2

138.4
77.8
16.8
16.8
349.7

139.2
77.8
17.0
17.1
351.2

139.9
78.4
17.0
17.1
353.3

141.5
78.7
17.3
17.1
355.6

141.2
78.9
17.2
17.0
357.0

141.8
79.7
17.7
18.2
355.7

141.6
79.1
17.8
18.2
356.2

141.9
79.2
17.8
18.1
357.2

141.8
78.5
17.9
18.2
356.9

141.5
78.3
17.9
17.7
358.7

256.9
(3)
26.7
348.2
147.5

257.3
(3)
26.9
348.0
147.4

256.6
(3)
26.9
345.2
146.6

258.0
(3)
27.0
346.0
147.1

<235r
27.0
346.3
147.3

260.0
(3)
27.1
346.4
147.1

260.8
(3)
27.0
346.2
146.9

262.0
(3)
26.9
345.9
147.1

266.5
(3)
27.0
348.0
145.5

264.4
(3)
27.1
348.1
146.8

264.0
(3)
27.5
348.1
146.9

263.8
(3)
27.6
350.6
145.8

264.9
(3)
27.5
348.9
147.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

72.1
76.9
104.4
112.0
23.9

72.1
77.2
104.4
111.8
24.0

72.1
78.5
105.0
112.4
24.0

72.3
78.8
105.7
112.5
24.0

72.3
78.8
106.2
113.0
24.0

72.0
78.8
106.3
113.3
24.0

72.0
79.2
106.6
113.4
23.9

72.2
78.8
107.0
113.5
23.9

73.2
78.6
108.9
112.9
23.8

73.1
78.8
108.0
113.6
23.8

73.3
78.9
108.3
114.1
24.0

73.4
78.9
107.3
114.4
24.3

73.5
78.7
107.2
113.7
24.3

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan ..
Minnesota
Mississippi

111.3
138.8
176.4
131.1
55.4

111.8
139.1
176.4
131.9
55.8

112.2
139.2
176.5
131.1
55.8

112.1
139.8
176.7
130.9
55.9

112.2
139.9
176.9
130.7
56.1

112.3
140.2
176.9
130.7
55.9

112.5
140.2
177.0
130.3
56.1

112.8
140.8
177.4
129.9
56.3

113.5
139.4
177.1
129.4
56.9

114.3
139.3
178.1
129.8
56.5

113.6
139.4
178.4
130.3
57.1

113.7
139.7
178.8
130.9
57.8

114.7
140.0
179.1
131.5
57.3

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

171.0
22.2
57.6
51.3
21.4

171.7
22.2
57.5
51.6
21.5

170.5
22.0
57.5
51.7
21.5

172.4
22.1
57.6
52.0
21.8

172.9
22.1
57.7
52.2
21.6

174.1
22.1
57.6
52.3
21.6

175.0
22.3
57.6
52.3
21.6

174.5
22.3
57.1
52.8
21.6

170.2
22.7
57.7
53.3
21.5

171.1
22.6
58.0
53.5
21.8

171.5
22.7
57.8
53.8
21.8

170.7
22.7
58.5
54.2
21.7

170.2
22.6
58.4
53.9
21.8

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

263.0
35.3
418.7
176.7
18.5

263.6
35.6
419.5
177.0
18.5

263.0
35.5
420.4
177.8
18.6

263.6
35.7
420.6
178.0
18.5

263.3
35.7
420.6
178.7
18.5

263.5
36.0
420.6
178.4
18.4

264.2
36.0
421.5
178.4
18.6

264.9
36.1
421.5
178.0
18.6

265.4
35.6
419.9
178.3
18.7

265.5
35.8
420.9
178.0
18.4

265.3
35.8
421.3
179.1
18.3

265.3
36.2
422.4
179.1
18.5

264.2
36.3
421.5
180.6
18.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

244.5
81.6
77.6
294.4
16.0

244.9
81.5
77.7
295.7
16.0

245.5
81.6
111
293.5
16.3

245.9
81.6
78.3
293.4
16.2

246.1
81.7
78.7
293.3
16.1

246.2
82.0
78.7
293.6
16.2

246.2
82.1
78.8
294.1
16.2

246.1
82.2
78.5
294.7
16.1

245.7
81.7
78.5
298.7
15.7

246.8
81.7
78.7
297.0
15.8

246.5
82.0
79.2
297.5
15.7

248.2
82.5
79.7
299.6
15.9

247.9
82.2
79.2
298.5
16.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas .
Utah

87.3
16.7
172 0
559.6
59.0

87.8
16.7
172 4
561.1
59.5

88.4
16.8
171.8
560.9
59.8

88.4
16.8
172.0
562.7
59.6

88.5
16.7
172.4
565.1
59.9

88.4
16.6
172.6
567.6
60.3

88.6
16.6
173.2
569.9
60.1

89.0
16.7
173.4
571.7
59.9

88.9
16.9
171.6
574.4
59.4

89.2
17.0
170.7
575.2
59.4

89.7
17.0
170.8
577.0
59.8

89.4
16.8
172.1
578.1
59.9

89.1
16.7
172.5
580.2
59.7

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.3
176.9
138.8
38.3
130.3
14.2

12.3
177.6
139.2
38.4
130.7
14.3

12.4
179.0
139.8
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.1
178.9
140.0
38.3
131.2
14.3

12.5
179.4
140.4
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.6
179.8
140.5
38.5
131.8
14.2

12.6
180.6
140.8
38.4
131.1
14.3

12.6
181.4
140.5
38.4
130.8
14.1

12.7
184.1
140.6
38.4
130.0
14.2

12.5
185.1
140.1
38.0
130.2
14.1

12.5
185.0
140.6
38.1
131.0
14.2

12.6
ie4.9
140.6
38.1
132.1
14.4

12.7
184.5
141.2
38.0
133.1
14.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

See footnotes at end of table.




58

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

State

May

June

I

July

|

Aug.

2000

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

Trade

442.6
56.9
510.5
260.9
3,182.8

444.2
57.3
513.5
261.7
3,187.8

447.8
57.5
513.5
262.4
3,201.5

448.5
57.5
515.2
262.4
3,210.6

449.4
57.4
516.2
262.7
3,213.0

450.3
57.3
517.7
265.0
3,210.5

451.4
57.5
518.5
265.4
3,217.7

452.3
57.4
520.4
266.1
3,235.9

454.9
57.9
521.9
267.4
3,228.5

454.5
57.8
521.6
268.8
3,246.7

453.9
57.6
520.9
267.7
3,246.9

454.5
58.1
525.3
268.5
3,264.5

455.3
57.5
526.6
268.3
3,266.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

504.4
358.9
89.5
47.7
1,715.1

507.8
358.9
89.6
47.8
1,721.7

511.5
359.3
90.1
47.6
1.725.4

510.1
361.1
90.5
47.6
1,730.5

511.4
359.0
90.8
47.7
1,734.3

512.0
359.2
91.1
47.6
1,738.2

513.0
360.5
91.5
47.8
1,739.0

515.0
361.3
92.1
48.2
1,741.6

513.7
362.4
91.7
48.5
1,743.0

517.3
362.8
92.4
48.5
1,745.9

519.4
363.5
92.5
48.5
1,751.1

519.9
365.9
93.3
48.3
1,750.0

523.4
363.9
92.6

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

960.2
132.3
135.4
1,343.9
700.3

963.9
132.7
136.0
1,345.9
702.2

974.1
133.2
136.3
1,350.5
706.1

979.3
133.5
136.3
1,349.2
706.4

981.3
133.7
136.5
1,347.5
706.2

985.2
133.6
137.8
1,346.6
706.9

987.9
134.0
137.5
1,347.5
710.3

990.1
133.7
137.7
1,349.6
711.8

997.1
133.3
137.1
1,338.5
706.7

1,001.4
133.6
137.9
1,348.4
705.9

1,008.0
134.3
139.2
1,346.7
701.8

1,012.8
135.5
138.7
1,348.9
705.0

1,013.8
134.8
139.2

356.7
317.4
426.1
441.5
145.7

357.9
317.9
426.6
442.9
145.8

356.9
318.3
427.0
445.1
146.2

355.3
317.5
427.4
444.8
146.2

354.0
316.7
427.0
444.9
146.5

355.2
319.2
428.0
445.0
147.4

355.9
320.6
429.3
443.5
148.4

356.6
321.9
430.8
442.8
148.8

355.5
321.8
432.6
439.9
149.0

356.8
321.8
434.2
441.6
149.8

357.3
321.5
432.4
440.8
149.8

358.7
323.2
435.5
441.4
150.6

359.2
322.5
435.4
440.9
149.7

548.1
735.6
1,060.5
618.7
253.9

548.4
737.2
1,061.4
619.7
254.1

550.1
743.2
1,064.9
621.9
253.7

552.2
744.0
1,065.4
620.8
253.3

553.4
743.6
1,066.0
621.6
253.2

554.2
743.8
1,067.2
622.1
253.0

555.1
742.7
1,070.9
623.4
252.3

554.7
744.7
1,072.5
623.7
252.4

558.4
745.3
1,070.7
623.6
251.6

561.0
743.4
1,071.3
628.7
250.7

561.8
741.2
1,074.5
628.5
249.6

563.9
745.0
1,077.0
631.2
248.4

560.5
741.9
1,073.6
629.4
247.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

640.7
100.8
215.5
199.9
159.9

641.9
101.6
216.4
201.3
160.7

645.4
101.5
218.7
203.4
161.2

645.9
101.6
216.7
204.5
161.4

646.0
101.8
216.5
205.4
161.2

646.4
101.7
215.7
206.2
160.7

646.4
102.1
215.1
206.9
161.1

647.2
102.4
214.8
207.8
161.2

646.5
102.0
213.9
207.1
162.6

646.4
102.1
213.7
207.1
162.4

645.7
102.3
214.6
208.0
162.9

648.9
102.8
214.3
208.9
162.8,

649.7
102.8
214.6
210.2
160.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

903.7

904.9
170.9
1,707.6
872.7
82.0

907.0
171.0
1,712.5
878.0
81.8

908.5
171.3
1,713.3
877.2
81.4

910.4
171.8
1,713.6
878.0
81.7

912.4
171.5
1,719.1
877.1
81.5

914.5
171.9
1,723.3
878.3
81.4

916.5
172.1
1,726.6
877.3
81.3

918.0
170.9
1,727.2
884.3
79.3

917.8
172.5
1,731.3
879.5
81.4

922.5
172.4
1,733.8
880.7
81.1

926.6
173.6
1,738.1
886.0
81.5

926.4

171.0
1,705.8
872.0
81.5

173.7
1,738.5
885.4
81.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,332.8
335.7
387.0
1,250.3
103.2

1,334.9
336.6
388.4
1,255.1
104.0

1,334.9
337.1
388.7
1,253.1
105.2

1,334.8
337.6
388.0
1,253.8
105.4

1,333.2
338.2
388.7
1,253.8
105.3

1,335.6
340.1
390.3
1,253.7
105.5

1,335.4
340.7
390.0
1,253.1
105.6

1,338.4
341.9
390.6
1,251.7
105.5

1,335.6
340.4
390.2
1,265.4
105.8

1,340.4
342.6
391.7
1,257.6
106.6

1,340.6
343.5
388.8
1,257.7
106.1

1,343.6
343.1
389.7
1,255.3
107.5

1,343.6
342.5
391.7
1,252.5
106.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

437.2
90.4
625.2
2,169.2

441.9
90.9
628.1
2,181.6
248.8

442.9
91.1
627.7
2,188.0
249.0

444.0
91.1
631.1
2,192.7
249.6

444.7
92.0
629.5
2,196.7
250.4

445.6
92.3
631.1
2,204.4
250.4

446.7
92.7
633.0
2,210.7
251.0

447.7
92.1
630.0
2,209.5
251.4

449.5
92.4
635.2
2,218.8
251.8

450.3
92.3
637.1
2,231.9
252.5

448.9
92.6
636.1
2,232.7
252.4

450.3
92.4
634.5

247.9

438.0
90.8
626.9
2,174.3
248.4

2,241.4
252.3

66.3
748.2
632.8
163.4
626.0
53.2

66.2
749.8
633.1
163.4
628.6
53.0

66.8
750.1
634.8
162.9
630.4
53.0

66.8
750.6
636.3
162.4
629.9
53.1

66.8
749.4
636.3
162.1
628.9
53.0

66.9
755.1
640.1
162.7
631.5
53.7

67.2
754.1
642.6
163.0
632.5
54.1

67.4
754.2
644.1
163.5
634.0
54.1

68.1
752.4
647.1
163.2
638.0
54.7

67.9
752.7
648.3
163.8
636.3
54.2

67.6
755.3
649.3
163.7
639.4
54.5

67.9
756.6
650.3
164.6
642.5
54.4

67.9
752.5
652.2
163.4
641.2
54.1

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




59

48.7
1,752.5

1,346.2
705.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sep,

oc.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

91.0
12.8
138.9
45.8
819.3

91.3
12.9
140.1
45.9
819.9

91.5
12.8
140.4
46.0
822.1

91.7
12.8
141.1
46.0
823.3

92.0
12.8
141.6
46.0
823.9

92.3
12.8
142.1
46.6
825.4

92.8
12.8
143.0
46.6
825.5

92.9
12.9
143.4
46.7
826.5

93.2
12.8
144.2
47.1
829.1

93.6
12.8
144.4
47.0
831.1

93.2
12.9
144.4
46.8
829.5

93.6
13.1
145.6
47.0
829.6

93.5
12.8
145.9
46.8
830.7

Colorado
Connecticut....
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

140.8
140.6
48.8
31.1
446.2

141.1
140.8
48.9
31.1
447.3

141.7
140.9
49.1
31.1
449.0

141.9
140.8
49.5
31.2
450.3

142.1
141.1
49.9
31.2
451.8

142.9
141.4
50.1
31.1
453.5

142.4
141.7
50.3
31.2
454.8

142.2
141.7
50.6
31.2
456.7

142.8
141.0
50.3
31.4
458.5

142.5
141.8
50.8
31.6
458.7

142.2
141.5
50.9
31.5
459.0

141.0
141.2
50.9
31.6
458.0

140.5
140.6
50.9
31.8
460.2

Georaia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

202.7
35.0
23.7
405.8
142.2

203.2
35.0
23.5
406.0
142.3

202.6
35.0
23.4
405.8
142.8

202.5
35.0
23.3
406.2
142.9

203.0
35.0
23.3
406.2
143.3

203.2
34.9
23.6
406.8
143.3

203.7
34.6
23.6
407.6
143.6

203.6
34.5
23.6
407.7
143.6

205.4
34.4
23.4
407.1
143.8

204.9
34.5
23.6
407.8
143.3

205.0
34.6
23.6
408.3
142.2

205.2
34.5
23.4
407.1
142.9

205.4
34.7
23.5
406.8
142.8

85.2
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.0

85.1
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.1

85.0
62.8
71.1
85.2
31.0

84.8
62.9
71.2
85.3
31.0

84.9
62.9
71.4
85.4
31.0

85.2
63.2
71.3
85.4
31.1

85.4
63.2
71.3
85.5
31.2

85.5
63.4
71.3
85.5
31.1

85.3
63.6
71.7
85.1
31.1

85.6
63.8
71.9
84.9
31.1

85.5
64.0
71.7
85.0
31.1

85.9
63.6
72.4
84.9
31.1

85.7
63.8
72.3
85.0
30.6

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
MtssissiDDi

139.9
225.8
207.4
160.3
42.6

139.9
225.7
207.7
160.4
42.1

140.9
226.3
208.0
160.3
42.1

141.1
226.7
208.2
160.5
42.3

141.3
226.7
208.4
160.5
42.3

141.7
227.4
208.4
160.7
42.5

142.0
228.0
208.6
160.9
42.4

142.5
228.7
208.3
161.2
42.4

141.5
228.5
207.9
161.9
42.7

140.9
229.1
208.1
161.7
42.2

141.0
229.3
206.4
161.7
42.2

140.9
229.6
206.2
160.8
41.9

139.8
228.9
206.5
161.1
41.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

166 0
17.5
61.0
44.0
32.7

166 3
17.5
61.0
44.2
32.8

165.9
17.5
61.3
44.1
32.7

166.0
17.6
61.4
44.3
32.9

166.0
17.5
61.3
44.4
32.8

166.3
17.5
61.1
44.4
32.9

166.4
17.7
61.2
44.7
32.9

166.4
17.9
61.1
44.6
33.1

166.7
17.7
61.1
44.6
32.7

167.3
17.7
61.3
44.6
32.9

166.6
17.8
61.6
44.6
32.8

168.0
17.8
61.5
44.4
32.8

166.2
17.9
61.4
44.7
33.0

256.0
33.0
746.2
185.7
16.2

256.3
33.0
746.6
185.3
16.3

256.7
33.1
748.3
184.9
16.4

257.2
33.1
748.7
185.1
16.4

257.7
33.2
747.8
185.5
16.4

258.7
32.9
749.1
185.7
16.4

258.7
33.0
750.2
186.3
16.4

259.4
33.2
749.8
186.4
16.4

259.9
33.2
754.8
187.1
16.4

260.1
33.1
754.3
187.7
16.1

260.8
33.2
753.1
188.1
16.6

260.9
33.2
752.6
188.2
16.4

261.0
32.9
752.2
188.1
16.4

306.2
73.2
95.4
324.2
29.5

307.1
73.5
95.2
324.5
29.4

308.4
73.4
95.3
323.0
29.6

308.7
73.6
95.4
323.3
29.8

309.3
73.5
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.1
73.7
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.9
73.9
95.3
323.2
29.8

311.6
74.2
95.2
323.3
29.9

311.3
74.4
94.4
324.7
29.7

312.1
74.4
94.6
325.1
29.7

312.4
74.7
94.5
325.4
29.7

312.6
74.9
94.6
325.9
29.6

312.9
74.8
94.5
324.1
29.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

81.2
24.2
131.2
513.1
56.7

81.5
24.4
130.7
515.3
56.7

81.8
24.6
130.3
518.2
56.8

82.0
24.8
130.3
520.6
57.0

82.3
25.0
130.4
522.6
56.9

82.6
25.0
130.6
525.1
57.3

82.7
25.0
130.7
526.8
57.3

82.9
25.1
130.7
528.5
57.3

82.5
25.4
131.4
528.7
56.9

82.7
25.5
131.0
530.5
56.9

82.5
25.7
130.6
531.3
57.0

83.0
25.6
130.7
531.3
56.8

83.1
25.8
130.2
532.6
56.6

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
.
Wyoming

12.6
183.5
137.6
29.9
146.2
8.0

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.9
146.5
8.1

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.8
146.8
7.8

12.5
184.0
137.9
29.8
146.9
8.0

12.5
183.9
138.3
29.6
146.8
8.0

12.6
184.1
138.5
29.6
147.2
8.1

12.6
184.7
139.0
29.6
147.6
8.1

12.6
184.5
139.3
29.6
148.0
8.2

12.5
185.7
138.1
29.5
149.0
8.1

12.4
185.8
138.6
29.6
149.3
8.1

12.6
185.9
138.7
29.6
149.4
8.1

12.5
187.0
138.9
29.5
149.5
8.0

12.6
186.8
139.6
29.4
149.9
8.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

. . .

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

....

.

.

....

See footnotes at end of table.




60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

459.0
71.0
684.2
269.7
4,392.6

460.1
70.9
688.8
270.2
4,405.7

460.8
70.9
689.5
271.0
4,417.2

461.3
71.0
692.0
272.3
4,432.0

June

July

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

MayP

461.9
71.2
695.0
272.8
4,446.6

463.2
71.4
700.1
274.1
4,463.0

463.5
72.0
704.8
274.9
4,484.8

465.2
71.7
709.7
275.4
4,490.7

463.5
71.9
713.8
277.0
4,500.6

466.2
72.1
719.4
278.4
4,514.3

278.5
4,523.9

Services

454.3
70.3
672.5

467.0
72.9
722.8

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

269.1
4,353.4

456.3
71.0
676.5
269.5
4,369.9

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

649.3
525.1
115.4
274.6
2,500.6

652.4
527.3
115.8
275.0
2,514.2

658.2
531.5
117.2
275.8
2,534.1

660.2
531.1
118.2
276.7
2,549.3

661.4
530.4
117.6
277.2
2,566.3

663.2
529.5
118.1
277.3
2,587.1

663.6
529.6
118.0
277.8
2,605.2

665.5
530.4
118.3
278.8
2,622.8

669.4
533.2
118.1
279.2
2,636.7

668.2
533.7
118.0
279.5
2,652.7

667.5
536.9
118.3
278.3
2,663.9

672.6
537.1
119.5
278.9
2,678.1

673.6
537.7
119.9
276.9
2,691.8

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

1.057.8
174.4
131.8
1,814.6
727.6

1,064.2
174.8
133.1
1,822.8
730.2

1,074.4
174.8
134.1
1,818.1
733.9

1,077.8
175.2
134.7
1,814.4
735.1

1,079.3
175.2
135.3
1,816.2
734.2

1,085.1
175.2
135.8
1,821.2
733.8

1,086.7
175.4
136.2
1,825.3
732.8

1,090.5
176.1
136.7
1,829.0
732.8

1,096.7
175.6
136.8
1,814.1
735.1

1,095.6
175.7
139.0
1,835.0
737.1

1,100.4
175.7
140.3
1,847.9
736.6

1,105.7
176.0
141.1
1,847.9
743.0

1,106.2
176.6
141.6

384.7
340.5
460.8
517.4
173.3

386.7
341.4
462.9
519.6
174.2

385.7
342.8
465.2
523.9
175.0

386.5
343.0
466.0
524.9
175.5

387.9
343.9
466.5
526.5
175.6

387.8
346.1
468.0
528.1
176.1

388.9
347.5
469.7
530.6
176.3

389.8
349.0
471.1
531.6
176.9

393.0
346.6
469.6
532.1
176.2

392.7
346.5
474.1
530.4
178.0

394.1
347.9
473.7
532.2
178.6

394.9
348.5
478.8
532.4
180.6

395.2
349.8
477.5
533.2
180.5

809.3

269.1

811.8
1,160.2
1,240.8
751.8
270.1

818.4
1,166.9
1,244.2
753.9
272.6

818.8
1,168.7
1,245.3
757.5
273.2

819.6
1,170.3
1,246.8
756.0
273.6

822.0
1,171.8
1,246.6
758.2
273.5

824.1
1,171.9
1,248.1
760.4
272.6

826.9
1,176.2
1,251.4
762.1
271.7

831.4
1,178.0
1,250.6
768.8
274.1

831.3
1,181.7
1,249.7
768.2
274.1

833.3
1,185.0
1,250.2
769.0
274.2

833.6
1,188.2
1,259.3
771.4
272.7

834.4
1,185.5
1,265.5
773.8
273.2

765.9
111.1
242.4
422.3
177.3

767.3
111.2
244.3
424.2
177.9

769.8
112.8
244.9
428.6
178.4

771.3
113.3
244.9
432.4
178.3

773.0
113.9
244.8
433.8
178.8

774.4
114.4
244.9
435.2
177.8

776.5
114.8
244.9
435.7
179.7

777.4
115.2
246.3
436.4
180.8

783.2
115.8
244.8
438.5
180.4

778.6
116.2
244.3
438.2
180.0

786.1
116.7
243.0
439.9
180.2

785.8
115.9
243.9
441.3
180.7

784.1
116.0
243.2
443.4
180.5

1,260.2
209.8

1,266.4
210.9
2,931.1
999.5
91.9

1,268.1
211.9
2,936.9
1,001.4
92.0

1,269.9
212.4
2,943.4
1,004.3
92.3

1,272.7
212.4
2,952.1
1,007.7
92.7

1,274.4
212.9
2,960.8
1,011.7
92.7

1,276.5
213.6
2,972.3
1,014.2
92.4

1,273.8
212.1
2,985.8
1,022.7
92.3

1,275.5
214.1
2,990.9
1,018.5
91.4

1,278.9
215.1
2,997.0
1,022.5
91.8

1,283.4
215.5
3,006.6
1,026.1
91.7

1,286.0
216.0
3,019.2
1,025.3
92.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

1,154.6
1,238.0

749.0

1,843.5
746.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

2,908.9
984.0
91.5

1,263.7
210.7
2,916.6
988.0
91.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,546.5
414.5
421.4
1,812.5
158.8

1,549.2
416.0
422.6
1,818.2
158.5

1,557.0
416.4
428.8
1,821.9
159.9

1,558.6
417.7
428.1
1,822.1
160.0

1,560.9
418.6
429.5
1,813.1
160.2

1,563.9
420.9
432.0
1,813.6
160.4

1,566.2
421.5
433.5
1,811.6
160.2

1,569.4
422.8
435.2
1,811.8
160.3

1,572.7
421.2
435.4
1,817.4
159.4

1,575.1
425.0
435.3
1,817.7
161.1

1,572.0
424.8
434.7
1,821.8
161.5

1,573.9
426.3
434.9
1,819.2
162.7

1,568.6
427.3
434.5
1,817.1
162.2

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

444.6
100.4
713.8
2,583.8
291.2

446.6
100.4
716.1
2,593.7
292.7

449.7
100.3
718.1
2,595.1
294.0

451.1
100.5
718.5
2,603.3
294.9

452.1
100.5
719.3
2,611.0
296.3

453.4
101.8
721.2
2,616.8
297.4

455.3
102.2
722.9
2,624.6
298.4

457.4
102.5
724.4
2,634.9
299.1

452.7
103.1
733.0
2,637.8
295.2

457.3
103.4
729.4
2,641.4
297.4

459.1
103.0
727.8
2,654.1
298.8

459.9
103.4
732.2
2,655.0
299.9

461.7
102.6
733.6
2,658.4
300.6

88.3
1,079.1
731.0
216.5

88.6
1,082.6
733.1
217.0
735.1
53.1

88.4
1,082.8
737.9
217.1
736.6
56.6

88.3
1,086.3
739.3
217.7
737.3
53.6

88.4
1,088.9
741.1
217.2
738.1
54.1

88.7
1,096.5
743.7
218.9
740.6
54.6

88.8
1,098.7
745.8
219.6
740.8
55.3

89.3
1,101.1
747.4
220.6
743.0
55.3

90.1
1,102.6
750.3
220.2
740.4
54.8

90.4
1,109.2
753.4
221.2
742.4
53.9

90.5
1,111.6
756.0
223.0
744.3
54.4

90.9
1,116.0
756.5
223.9
747.8
54.4

90.6
1,114.2
759.8
222.2
748.5
54.7

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

732.9
53.1

See footnotes at end of table.




61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

Government

2,231.6

350.4
73.3
344.8
187.2
2,230.3

350.9
73.8
349.8
187.5
2,237.7

352.7
73.4
344.3
188.0
2,240.9

357.3
73.7
347.3
188.0
2,245.9

354.4
73.8
350.9
188.6
2,247.9

354.0
74.0
347.4
188.9
2,256.6

354.8
74.1
351.2
189.1
2,262.3

352.4
73.5
358.1
189.5
2,275.1

353.7
73.7
356.8
189.4
2,280.1

355.8
74.4
359.6
191.9
2,294.1

354.5
74.4
362.8
191.9
2,304.7

363.4
75.1
367.5
195.3
2,346.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

327.4
235.2
54.9
222.0
965.5

327.6
235.9
54.5
222.5
966.8

329.5
235.6
55.0
223.0
968.9

330.3
236.3
54.7
223.5
970.1

331.3
237.1
54.9
222.6
971.3

330.5
237.7
55.4
223.5
973.3

332.0
238.2
55.6
223.8
975.0

333.2
238.5
55.7
224.0
977.6

330.3
239.1
54.8
221.7
971.8

332.9
238.7
56.0
221.9
978.3

337.9
240.4
57.0
222.3
984.2

337.6
240.8
57.3
221.7
995.3

338.8
245.7
58.5
222.4
1,015.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

587.3
110.8
104.9
824.9
409.2

583.6
111.9
105.2
827.4
403.5

584.9
112.3
105.4
832.1
404.7

589.8
115.9
107.0
833.4
403.9

601.5
117.9
105.9
834.6
403.2

590.5
114.1
107.4
832.5
404.5

591.3
113.7
107.7
833.6
404.3

592.8
112.9
107.6
831.8
404.4

592.4
112.9
106.3
826.1
408.3

594.1
112.8
106.9
827.8
405.7

601.7
113.6
106.9
825.4
408.2

602.7
113.9
108.3
837.4
408.9

602.3
115.5
109.3
845.4
420.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

238.7
238.8
303.3
369.3
95.8

238.0
240.4
304.9
368.5
95.7

238.9
239.6
297.1
366.9
95.8

238.6
239.1
300.2
367.7
95.3

240.7
237.9
300.5
367.8
97.0

240.0
241.6
300.8
368.8
96.8

240.3
241.9
301.4
369.9
96.6

241.1
241.6
301.8
369.9
96.7

242.3
242.6
304.7
369.5
97.0

242.1
242.7
305.0
371.3
97.7

243.2
243.8
311.2
373.5
98.9

242.5
243.1
310.0
373.1
97.7

244.2
244.1
315.4
380.1
100.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

442.7
416.2
667.0
385.2
227.2

441.1
417.0
667.7
384.3
229.1

415.8
415.5
668.1
389.6
230.1

417.9
416.0
667.9
389.0
230.4

439.1
419.0
668.8
391.1
230.7

441.1
418.4
666.7
390.5
230.6

442.2
418.1
669.1
389.5
230.6

442.4
418.0
670.2
389.7
230.2

443.3
421.7
671.3
385.6
229.3

440.6
423.3
673.0
392.2
230.2

447.8
421.6
678.1
394.0
231.6

451.4
428.6
680.1
393.4
231.9

457.9
436.0
690.6
398.2
236.4

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

420.2
78.9
151.0
118.3
81.1

420.6
78.9
151.7
115.8
81.3

417.3
79.8
153.2
117.6
81.7

412.0
79.2
152.7
117.8
82.5

426.5
79.4
152.7
116.4
82.1

422.2
79.4
152.7
118.8
82.1

422.7
79.4
152.6
119.2
82.3

422.8
79.5
152.6
119.6
82.6

428.1
78.9
154.2
118.4
83.5

424.3
78.5
154.2
119.3
83.4

427.5
80.3
154.9
119.9
83.4

427.3
80.3
154.1
120.1
83.5

430.2
81.9
154.5
124.4
84.4

570.5
179.9
1,441.9
600.0
71.6

570.0
180.0
1,441.8
584.3
70.8

570.7
180.5
1,443.3
612.3
70.3

569.3
181.6
1,442.7
635.7
70.2

572.1
181.9
1,442.8
607.5
71.5

572.9
181.0
1,447.2
605.5
71.8

573.2
181.6
1,448.4
607.2
72.0

573.8
181.6
1,446.7
608.8
72.0

575.2
181.3
1,444.8
611.1
72.1

575.4
182.1
1,447.5
610.7
72.4

576.1
183.4
1,453.5
617.9
72.9

579.1
184.4
1,460.6
619.7
72.6

587.5
184.8
1,484.2
631.2
72.8

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

769.7
281.2
259.6
705.4
63.4

770.4
284.0
259.4
712.4
63.2

776.1
282.0
265.2
704.4
63.1

775.8
283.3
266.1
708.7
62.9

777.0
283.0
260.0
711.6
63.0

777.9
283.6
261.0
711.1
63.2

779.4
283.9
261.5
712.8
62.9

781.6
284.6
262.1
711.5
63.1

784.3
285.2
260.3
719.7
63.5

781.8
285.9
261.8
720.0
63.7

782.5
288.0
262.4
725.9
63.8

790.7
287.0
263.3
729.4
63.5

796.5
291.5
267.8
728.0
65.5

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

315.9
389.4
1,541.4
179.3

316.7
71.2
389.6
1,542.7
179.2

312.5
71.2
392.9
1,523.9
177.9

314.0
71.4
399.6
1,530.3
178.2

313.5
71.7
390.4
1,541.5
180.8

314.6
72.3
391.0
1,546.1
179.0

316.4
72.4
391.7
1,551.7
179.2

317.7
72.6
391.8
1,555.7
179.5

319.8
71.9
391.1
1,563.0
179.9

319.9
71.5
394.0
1,567.4
182.0

323.0
73.1
414.5
1,576.8
182.6

323.9
73.1
398.3
1,582.2
182.5

330.7
73.3
407.0
1,613.7
184.8

48.0
607.8
471.9
141.4
398.8
58.7

47.3
608.9
472.9
141.5
398.8
60.0

47.2
611.1
474.0
141.2
399.5
58.5

48.2
612.1
476.3
140.3
400.4
58.6

47.1
612.9
473.6
140.5
399.0
58.4

47.4
611.6
474.5
140.4
398.4
58.5

47.4
611.4
475.4
140.3
398.0
58.6

47.4
611.6
476.8
140.0
398.4
58.9

47.4
615.2
477.2
140.0
398.8
59.4

47.3
615.7
477.6
139.6
399.6
60.2

48.7
616.0
480.0
141.0
402.5
60.5

47.8
616.9
477.8
140.4
406.2
59.6

49.5
623.3
487.6
155.5
401.3
60.2

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

349.8
73.6
345.6
186.6

71.6

1

P = preliminary.
NOTE:
All data have been adjusted to March 1999 benchmarks (with the
exception of data for New Jersey) and incorporate updated seasonal adjustment
factors.

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2

3




62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
2000

1999
Industry
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

JuneP

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.5

41.1

41.1

41.1

41.2

41.1

41.3

41.0

41.1

41.3

41.2

41.5

40.9

40.8

Mining

43.9

44.5

44.1

44.3

44.1

44.2

44.3

44.7

44.7

44.7

45.3

44.2

44.6

Construction

39.3

39.0

39.0

39.3

39.1

40.1

38.9

39.3

39.7

39.8

39.6

39.2

38.7

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.6

41.8
4.6

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.7

41.7
4.7

41.7
4.6

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

42.2
4.9

41.4
4.5

41.6
4.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.3
4.8
41.2
40.4
43.5
44.3
44.9
42.2
42.1
41.5
44.1
45.3
41.5
39.9

42.4
4.8
41.1
40.5
43.5
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.3
41.5
44.2
45.5
41.6
39.9

42.3
4.8
41.2
40.3
43.5
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.3
41.6
43.9
45.1
41.5
40.0

42.4
4.9
41.1
40.4
43.5
44.5
45.0
42.3
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.4
41.5
39.9

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.1
43.5
44.3
45.2
42.2
42.3
41.6
43.8
45.0
41.5
39.8

42.2
4.8
41.1
39.9
43.8
44.3
45.3
42.1
42.2
41.4
43.6
44.7
41.5
39.7

42.2
4.8
41.0
40.2
43.5
44.4
45.4
42.1
42.2
41.5
43.4
44.5
41.5
39.7

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.6
44.5
45.3
42.4
42.3
41.6
43.8
45.0
41.3
39.5

42.3
4.9
41.0
40.3
43.5
44.5
45.4
42.4
42.3
41.6
44.0
45.0
41.2
39.5

42.3
4.8
40.9
40.2
43.4
44.4
45.2
42.5
42.3
41.8
43.7
44.6
41.2
39.4

42.8
5.1
41.2
40.6
43.6
44.9
45.0
43.0
42.9
42.2
44.3
45.5
41.6
39.8

42.0
4.7
40.7
40.3
43.0
43.9
44.7
42.2
42.1
41.4
43.2
44.2
41.2
39.3

42.2
4.8
40.8
39.9
42.8
44.0
45.2
42.3
42.4
41.5
43.9
45.3
41.2
39.5

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

41.0
4.5
41.8
39.3
40.7
37.6
43.6
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9

41.0
4.4
41.9
40.1
41.1
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.9

41.0
4.4
41.7
39.8
41.0
37.4
43.6
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.9

41.0
4.4
41.7
40.2
40.9
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.8
37.5

41.0
4.5
41.9
40.8
41.2
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.5
37.6

41.0
4.5
41.8
41.9
41.3
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.5
37.7

40.9
4.5
41.7
42.3
41.2
37.5
43.3
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.5
37.4

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.8
41.1
37.6
43.3
38.3
42.9
(2)
41.6
37.8

41.0
4.5
41.6
40.6
41.7
37.7
43.5
38.3
42.7
(2)
41.6
38.1

40.9
4.3
41.6
40.0
41.6
37.8
43.2
38.2
42.6
(2)
41.5
38.0

41.3
4.6
41.9
40.8
41.9
38.0
43.6
38.5
42.9
(2)
42.1
38.9

40.6
4.3
41.2
39.6
41.0
37.0
42.8
38.0
42.7
(2)
41.3
38.2

40.6
4.3
41.5
39.0
41.0
37.1
42.6
38.1
42.6
(2)
41.3
37.7

32.8

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

38.9

38.8

38.8

38.6

38.4

38.3

38.4

38.4

38.3

38.3

38.7

38.5

38.3

Wholesale trade

38.3

38.4

38.3

38.4

38.6

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.5

38.6

38.6

39.0

38.8

Retail trade

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

29.0

29.0

29.1

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

28.9

29.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36.2

36.5

36.3

36.4

36.4

36.2

36.3

36.2

36.1

36.1

36.3

36.2

36.5

Services

32.6

32.6

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.6

32.7

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1999

2000

Industry
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

JuneP

148.2

148.5

148.4

148.6

149.3

149.6

149.8

150.6

150.6

151.0

151.7

150.8

151.2

115.8

116.1

115.5

116.0

116.0

116.8

116.0

117.5

117.5

117.7

118.3

116.3

116.2

49.6

50.3

49.7

50.2

50.3

50.2

50.5

51.0

51.0

51.3

52.2

50.7

51.5

Construction

176.2

175.3

174.6

177.5

177.5

183.3

178.6

185.8

186.0

188.4

186.3

183.8

181.4

Manufacturing

107.1

107.6

107.1

107.1

107.0

106.8

106.7

107.0

107.0

106.7

107.9

105.9

106.3

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

111.8

112.7

112.1

112.1

111.8

147.8

147.8
139.4

148.2

111.5
147.6

112.1
148.0

115.7

115.7

115.4

115.4

139.0
116.0

138.7
117.0

111.8
147.1
139.3
116.2

113.1
147.9

140.1

147.9
139.0

111.5
148.0
138.0

112.1

147.7
138.4
91.3
70.5

92.2

92.1

91.9

71.5

92.1
72.0

92.4

71.1
120.5
105.7

91.9
71.5

93.3
71.5

119.5

108.3

107.7

119.6
104.9
107.5

128.1
172.2
76.8
102.5

127.6

127.5

170.9
76.5
103.2

172.0
102.9

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

100.6
117.6
56.5

100.6
117.9
55.6
80.6
60.2

100.1

100.2

116.5

107.1

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

91.7
72.2
119.5
104.5
107.4
126.4
170.1
76.3

116.5

91.5
72.0
119.3
104.4

72.1

141.4
116.2

111.2

111.7

145.9
140.9
114.9
91.2
71.0

139.9
114.4
91.4
71.4

121.0

121.8

104.3
107.6

105.0

145.6

119.4

120.5

104.5

104.8

106.8

107.4

125.0
168.0
75.8
103.1

126.8
171.4
75.0

127.0
170.9
74.3

125.7
168.6
74.0

103.0

106.8
125.5
168.5
76.3
102.8

72.1
120.7
105.4
107.5

102.6

102.2

101.6

171.7
74.7
103.0

100.3

100.3

100.2

100.1

100.0

99.7

100.7

98.8

98.9

117.4
53.7
79.5

118.0
54.6
79.9

116.9
45.6
80.2
58.8

118.4
50.5
80.6
59.2

116.4

117.5
48.3
78.2

122.0

121.8

106.4
122.0

122.0

102.7
72.1
147.3

102.6

103.3

103.0

106.4
121.8
103.5

105.9

122.0

58.9
106.7
122.0

117.7
52.6
79.1
58.6

117.0
52.3
80.2

59.1
106.9

117.7
56.6
79.6
58.7

107.3

117.9
56.0
80.0
58.6
106.6
121.8
103.5

71.4

71.3

147.7

70.1
147.6

69.1

147.7

71.3
147.4

147.9

103.4
67.5
148.5

102.6
66.3
148.3

121.8
102.4
65.2
147.9

106.7
123.2
102.7
66.6

33.8

32.6

33.8

32.8

32.9

32.4

32.2

32.5

32.8

162.7

163.1

163.2

163.2

164.3

164.4

165.0

165.4

134.5

134.3

134.6

134.3

133.8

133.8

134.4

129.8

130.4

130.3

130.8

131.8

131.3

143.7

143.9

143.5

142.5

143.6

138.7

140.0

139.2

139.6

201.1

201.6

202.3

202.9

119.1
104.7
106.9
127.0

169.7
76.7
102.5

79.8
60.9
107.6
122.1
102.4
72.3
146.9

104.8

49.3
80.1

59.5

76.1

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.




139.0
115.2

147.6
139.4
115.7
92.3

58.5
106.7

71.8
121.2
104.6

107.8

123.0
106.2

109.6
126.7

123.6

166.4
73.8
100.6

49.0
78.5
57.0
104.5

108.1
125.5
171.2
74.2
100.4

56.1
104.5

121.7
101.9
64.0

122.2

149.3

146.8

147.2

32.7

32.9

32.3

31.9

165.5

165.9

166.6

166.3

166.9

135.0

134.7

135.5

137.3

136.4

136.1

132.0

132.3

132.1

132.8

133.0

134.4

133.3

143.7

144.6

144.9

144.9

144.6

144.9

144.6

145.2

139.6

138.9

139.4

139.1

138.8

138.7

139.3

138.6

139.8

204.6

205.2

205.7

206.3

206.7

207.7

208.6

207.8

209.2

101.5

64.1

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

June 1999
to
June 2000*

April 2000
to
May 2000r

May 2000
To
June 2000p

239,249

1.3

-0.2

-0.8

201,048

201,539

2.0

-.5

1,276
13,784
40,370
24,498
15,872
14,081
14,161
34,740
14,416
69,306

1,238
13,596
39,858
24,204
15,653
13,990
14,291
34,686
14,340
69,049

1,249
13,429
39,967
24,308
15,659
13,972
14,186
34,880
14,427
69,429

3.6
2.9
-.5
.1
-1.4
1.1
3.2
1.1
.9
3.9

-3.0
-1.4
-1.3
-1.2
-1.4
-.7
.9
-.2
-.5
-.4

.9
-1.2
.3
.4
.0
-.1
-.7
.6
.6
.5

39,440

40,031

37,709

-2.2

1.5

-5.8

June
2000*

April
2000r

May
2000r

241,574

241,080

202,134

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data
refer
to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




65

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—691-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address:
ftp://ftp.bls.qov/pub/special.reQuests/opt/tableb10.txt

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1999

2000

Industry
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

JuneP

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$13.23 $13.27 $13.30 $13.35 $13.38 $13.41 $13.44 $13.49 $13.54 $13.58 $13.64 $13.66 $13.71
14.85

14.89

14.91

14.96

14.99

15.03

15.05

15.13

15.20

15.25

15.30

15.28

15.33

17.07
17.18
13.93
13.19

17.26
17.20
13.98
13.24

17.16
17.21
14.01
13.27

17.14
17.26
14.04
13.29

17.09
17.33
14.06
13.31

17.00
17.37
14.07
13.33

17.04
17.44
14.10
13.36

17.09
17.50
14.15
13.41

17.14
17.60
14.21
13.45

17.27
17.67
14.23
13.47

17.26
17.78
14.28
13.49

17.24
17.75
14.26
13.52

17.27
17.78
14.34
13.59

12.71

12.76

12.78

12.83

12.86

12.89

12.93

12.97

13.01

13.05

13.11

13.15

13.20

15.67
14.56
9.07
14.62
13.35

15.72
14.61
9.10
14.68
13.39

15.73
14.65
9.13
14.65
13.42

15.79
14.70
9.16
14.71
13.46

15.79
14.75
9.18
14.73
13.51

15.84
14.76
9.21
14.76
13.53

15.94
14.83
9.25
14.78
13.57

15.92
14.90
9.26
14.86
13.61

16.00
14.89
9.32
14.87
13.66

16.04
14.90
9.35
14.95
13.69

16.12
15.03
9.39
14.98
13.74

16.20
15.04
9.39
15.02
13.79

16.29
15.11
9.43
15.06
13.84

7.88
8.84
7.57

7.88
8.84
7.57

7.87
8.83
7.57

7.86
8.81
7.56

7.87
8.81
7.56

7.87
8.82
7.56

7.87
8.81
7.57

7.88
8.84
7.58

7.87
8.84
7.56

7.84
8.80
7.53

7.87
8.83
7.56

7.88
8.81
7.58

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction

456.44 457.82 458.85 460.58 461.61 462.65 463.68 465.41 468.48 468.51 471.94 469.90 473.00
610.34 611.98 612.80 616.35 616.09 620.74 617.05 621.84 627.76 628.30 634.95 624.95 625.46

749.37 768.07 756.76 759.30 753.67 751.40 754.87 763.92 766.16 771.97 781.88 762.01 770.24
675.17 670.80 671.19 678.32 677.60 696.54 678.42 687.75 698.72 703.27 704.09 695.80 688.09
582.27 584.36 585.62 586.87 587.71 586.72 587.97 590.06 593.98 593.39 602.62 590.36 596.54

Manufacturing

416.89 419.80 419.18 420.82 423.09 422.79 425.40 426.71 426.73 428.04 430.01 431.32 434.28
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

609.56
557.65
263.94
529.24
435.21

609.94
561.02
264.81
535.82
436.51

610.32
561.10
264.77
531.80
437.49

609.49
564.48
263.81
535.44
438.80

606.67
566.78
267.09
534.31
442.43

612.10
570.96
269.18
536.51
443.74

611.33
575.14
269.47
537.93
445.05

612.80
573.27
271.21
536.81
446.68

614.33
575.14
271.15
539.70
447.66

623.84
580.16
270.43
543.77
449.30

623.70
586.56
271.37
543.72
449.55

271.85 271.70 271.67 271.25 271.38 271.51 271.48 272.01 272.37 270.35 272.33 270.99
363.51 363.19 362.82 362.99 362.19 364.28 361.27 363.44 364.98 362.55 366.39 360.41
248.30 249.14 248.18 247.83 248.73 248.12 249.06 249.39 248.10 246.99 248.13 248.74

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers




606.34
569.35
266.22
536.17
441.78

623.91
586.27
273.47
549.69
452.57
(4)
(4)
(4)

(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
4
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1996 forward are subject to revision.

66

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

Total

129,031 129,767 131,258 132,260 132,860

Total private

108,528 109,573 110,211 110,852 111,949

Mining

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

88,868

89,811

90,282

90,880

91,869
409

531

534

532

537

545

396

399

397

400

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

45.3
8.3
14.2

45.8
8.3
14.4

44.0
8.4
14.2

44.4
8.6
14.3

45.4

34.7
7.0
10.7

35.0
7.0
10.9

33.6
7.1
10.9

33.8
7.2
11.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

86.3
80.7

85.5
79.9

79.8
74.6

79.4
74.5

79.8

71.4
66.5

70.7
65.8

65.8
61.4

65.5
61.5

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

284.8
131.1
149.9

286.4
131.2
151.5

297.5
129.7
164.9

300.1
129.2
168.1

305.4

202.9
77.1
122.4

204.5
77.8
123.4

213.9
74.9
136.7

214.7
73.0
139.4

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

114.7
46.1
37.5
11.1

116.3
46.7
38.4
11.2

110.4
45.0
36.2
10.9

112.8
45.5
37.9
11.0

114.1

87.3
36.2

89.0
36.8

83.9
34.9

86.1
35.6

6,430

6,632

6,532

6,738

6,929

4,984

5,166

5,044

5,232

Construction

5,398

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,441.0
766.6
29.5
644.9

1,493.3
797.2
30.3
665.8

1,461.8
779.0
30.3
652.5

1,493.1
796.4
31.0
665.7

1,542.2

1,002.9
519.4
11.7
471.8

1,049.2
546.6
12.1
490.5

1,013.6
525.7
12.7
475.2

1,040.6
541.3
13.3
486.0

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

895.5
300.9
594.6

926.1
317.8
608.3

872.4
272.3
600.1

926.3
307.0
619.3

948.7

751.2
249.3
501.9

779.6
265.7
513.9

727.5
221.4
506.1

780.6
255.2
525.4

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

4,093.0
876.0
228.8
781.6
542.5
296.9
257.4

4,212.5
899.0
241.9
803.3
552.7
302.7
268.5

4,198.0
907.4
229.4
828.7
559.4
306.7
255.7

4,318.3
919.0
243.6
841.6
567.1
310.8
264.2

4,438.1

3,229.8
645.9
191.2
614.7
472.3
222.8
202.5

3,336.7
664.5
202.0
633.7
482.1
227.7
213.3

3,302.7
669.6
190.3
654.4
486.9
227.2
199.5

3,410.7
679.3
203.7
664.7
493.5
230.8
206.9

18,517

18,608

18,427

18,454

18,583

12,723

12,779

12,646

12,667

12,753

11,097

11,148

11,091

11,110

11,188

7,597

7,627

7,585

7,600

7,643

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

824.1
75.6
181.7
142.1
37.5
320.7
123.9
94.5
29.4
27.0
57.0
103.7
79.5
85.4

835.7
79.6
182.8
143.0
37.7
325.4
126.2
96.0
29.4
27.3
57.1
105.0
79.9
85.8

819.6
71.6
181.7
140.9
38.8
326.8
125.7
98.2
29.5
27.6
56.4
98.2
72.1
84.9

824.6
75.1
181.6
140.7
38.9
329.3
126.4
99.1
29.7
27.7
56.0
98.3
72.1
84.3

834.2

675.7
59.7
158.4
123.4
33.3
257.5
96.8
76.5
25.0
23.8
48.6
82.1
66.2
69.4

685.9
63.6
159.1
123.9
33.5
261.7
99.2
77.6
25.0
24.0
48.8
82.8
66.3
69.9

670.3
56.9
157.9
121.7
34.6
261.2
97.4
79.5
25.2
24.2
48.2
76.9
59.6
69.2

675.9
60.7
157.9
121.6
34.7
263.2
98.0
80.2
25.3
24.3
47.9
77.5
59.9
68.7

684.2

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

545.5
290.0
129.8
94.3
19.8
34.9

548.7
290.1
130.4
94.3
18.9
35.4

556.6
299.2
132.9
97.8
21.9
35.5

558.3
298.3
132.5
97.7
21.7
35.2

559.4

434.9
246.8
113.0
80.4
16.7
27.1

437.8
246.7
113.2
80.8
15.7
27.4

442.8
255.7
116.1
83.7
18.6
27.9

444.5
255.0
115.7
83.7
18.2
27.9

445.5

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'

All employees

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

252
253
254
259

73.3
51.7
89.8
40.7

74.2
52.0
91.0
41.4

75.3
52.8
88.9
40.4

76.6
53.6
89.2
40.6

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

568.4
16.0
63.4
23.5
39.9
63.7
17.2
32.0
38.7
245.6
20.6
83.1
122.9
74.9
18.9
1.8
23.5

572.8
16.0
63.8
23.7
40.1
64.4
17.7
32.5
38.6
248.2
20.9
83.2
124.9
74.8
18.9
1.8
23.7

565.9
15.8
62.9
21.8
41.1
64.6
17.3
32.9
37.1
244.8
20.5
84.4
121.0
74.2
18.6
1.7
23.2

572.0
16.4
62.9
21.7
41.2
64.7
17.3
33.1
36.8
250.2
21.0
85.2
125.3
74.3
18.8
1.6
23.4

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steei mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

698.2
227.2
153.1
29.5
127.2
78.7
3.7
28.0
37.4
22.4
167.5
21.4
19.9
72.4
94.3
26.8

700.8
227.2
152.7
29.7
128.7
79.9
3.8
28.1
37.5
22.3
168.3
21.6
19.9
72.4
94.9
26.8

698.7
226.6
152.8
29.9
124.8
78.7
3.4
26.0
36.5
22.1
168.8
21.8
19.5
73.0
97.9
27.8

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ...
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469

1,514.7
36.2
28.9
123.3
44.2
66.9
58.9
24.0
19.7
480.8
84.6
83.7
103.8
125.8
35.5
107.4
53.7
53.7
254.6
30.9
120.3
89.3

1,521.5
36.4
29.1
122.6
44.0
66.3
59.3
24.2
19.7
485.1
85.3
85.9
103.2
127.1
36.0
107.3
53.7
53.6
255.3
30.9
120.4
90.0

1,531.9
35.9
28.7
119.8
43.7
64.6
61.0
25.2
19.4
495.3
87.9
86.6
103.1
131.9
37.5
105.8
52.9
52.9
254.2
30.0
119.8
91.3

See footnotes at end of table.




68

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

52.6
40.3
67.7
27.5

53.3
40.6
68.9
28.3

53.1
40.0
66.4
27.6

54.2
40.9
66.7
27.7

580.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

444.5
12.8
52.3
20.4
31.9
48.7
12.7
24.6
30.3
192.2
13.6
64.7
98.8
58.0
14.8
1.5
-

449.7
12.9
52.6
20.6
32.0
49.4
13.2
25.3
30.3
195.1
14.0
64.8
101.0
58.1
15.0
1.4
-

440.1
12.9
50.7
19.3
31.4
49.2
12.5
25.2
29.2
191.2
13.7
65.3
97.3
56.8
14.4
1.4
-

446.1
13.3
50.8
19.2
31.6
49.3
12.5
25.6
29.0
196.4
14.1
66.4
101.1
57.0
14.4
1.4
-

452.7
_
_
_
-

698.5
226.5
152.4
30.0
124.3
78.7
3.4
25.7
36.7
22.2
169.2
22.0
19.4
73.3
97.8
27.8

703.3
228.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

545.0
176.7
120.2
22.7
103.8
65.0
2.8
22.9
29.0
18.2
126.0
17.3
14.6
53.8
76.7
22.1

546.4
176.2
119.6
22.6
105.1
66.1
2.9
22.9
29.0
18.1
126.7
17.5
14.6
53.7
77.1
22.1

547.9
176.6
120.0
23.1
102.3
65.2
2.6
21.2
28.2
17.8
129.1
17.4
14.3
55.9
79.7
22.9

547.3
176.6
119.7
23.2
101.6
65.0
2.6
21.0
28.4
18.0
129.3
17.5
14.1
56.3
79.6
22.9

551.1
178.0
_
_
_
-

1,534.9
36.3
29.2
119.5
43.7
64.3
61.3
25.3
19.5
498.6
88.3
88.7
102.5
132.6
37.7
105.8
52.8
53.0
254.1
30.0
119.8
91.2

1,545.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,137.7
30.8
25.1
94.7
34.3
51.3
42.3
17.5
13.3
350.2
61.1
61.9
74.3
96.4
25.9
83.8
43.6
40.2
200.1
23.0
98.0
68.3

1,142.9
30.9
25.2
94.6
34.3
51.0
42.3
17.5
13.3
353.9
61.8
63.6
74.1
97.3
26.0
83.7
43.6
40.1
200.6
23.0
97.9
69.0

1,152.9
30.3
24.6
92.5
34.1
49.8
42.9
18.0
12.8
361.7
63.6
63.8
74.5
101.6
26.9
83.0
43.0
40.0
200.8
22.5
97.9
70.3

1,154.6
30.7
25.1
92.3
34.2
49.4
43.1
18.1
12.9
364.2
63.6
65.6
74.0
102.3
27.0
82.7
42.8
39.9
200.6
22.5
97.7
70.2

1,164.7
_
—

_
-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Bail and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

1987
SIC
Code

347
3471

3479
348
3483
349

3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566

3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
36
361

3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

May
1999

143.4
86.9
56.5
41.3
19.8
268.8
22.5
55.1

June
1999

143.1
86.2
56.9
41.5
19.9
270.9
22.5
55.7

Apr.
2000

145.7
88.4
57.3
38.6
17.8
275.6
22.1
56.4

May
2000P

June
2000P

145.1
88.2
56.9
38.4
17.6
275.8
22.0
56.6

2,144.6 2,151.0 2,128.5 2,128.3 2,140.9
85.8
86.1
86.4
85.9
25.2
25.7
25.6
25.4
60.6
60.4
60.8
60.5
99.2
74.4

106.8
78.5

105.5
78.1

239.2
94.3
14.1
39.4
40.1
32.6
333.2
40.0
17.5
161.1
51.6
19.4
167.0
12.2
21.6
24.6

239.5
94.7
14.1
39.2
40.3
32.5
334.4
40.1
17.5

254.0
29.9
40.7
25.0
35.5
16.7
20.2
371.7

243.7
94.7
14.9
42.3
39.8
32.5
338.8
41.9
17.6
160.9
53.0
20.5
168.4
13.5
21.9
25.1
254.8
29.9
40.8
25.2
35.8
16.5
20.2
374.7

250.7
29.3
40.4
25.2
35.6
15.6
19.0
360.0

196.7

198.1

251.8
29.3
40.3
25.5
36.0
15.5
19.3
361.1
190.9

57.9
215.3
149.3
366.8
24.0
295.6

58.8
217.4
151.1
367.6
24.2
296.3

58.4
215.3
150.3
368.3

58.2
216.8
151.9
367.6

24.2
298.2

24.2
297.7

1,672.4 1,687.9
83.5
85.2
36.8
38.2
46.7
47.0
151.2
147.8
72.9
70.6
56.0
55.5
117.7
119.3
27.8
27.7
17.5
17.7
23.0
22.5

1,690.1
84.9
38.0
46.9

100.8
74.1
242.4
93.8
15.0
42.1
39.8
32.4

338.7
42.2
17.5
160.8
52.9
20.3
168.8
13.5
22.1
25.0

1,663.7
83.1
36.7
46.4
151.0
72.8
55.9

118.2
29.2
17.0
22.6

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

69

161.8
52.0
19.5
167.9
12.2
21.6
24.7

363.3

191.6

147.8
70.8
55.3

117.4
26.4
17.5
22.7

1,707.8

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May

2000P

115.1
70.5
44.6
24.5
9.5
196.2
16.4
41.9

114.7
69.8
44.9
24.8
9.7
197.4
16.5
42.1

116.8
71.6
45.2
22.2
8.2
202.7
16.4
43.2

116.3
71.6
44.7
22.0
8.1
202.7
16.6
43.2

1,357.0
57.0
13.7
43.3
71.8
52.0
154.8
63.9
8.7
25.8
21.0
22.5
241.2
25.9
10.7
122.9
37.8
15.1
92.1
8.4
12.6
14.9
161.7
17.2
31.2
14.0
24.9
12.2
13.9
150.6
78.5

1,357.0
57.1
13.5
43.6
70.0
52.0
155.2
64.5
8.6
25.7
20.9
22.5
241.1
25.6
10.8
122.7
37.7
15.4
91.6
8.5
12.5
15.1
161.7
17.2
31.1
14.1
25.1
12.0
13.9
150.8
79.4

1,347.3
57.4
13.5
43.9
76.2
55.1
151.9
63.6
8.0
23.7
21.4
22.5
236.3
24.4
10.6
123.1
36.7
14.2
88.5
7.8
11.8
14.8
158.5
16.5
31.0
13.8
25.5
11.1
13.4
152.9
87.1

1,348.4
57.6
13.8
43.8
75.3
54.7
152.8
63.9
8.2
23.7
21.5
22.7
237.5
24.7
10.6
123.6
37.2
14.4
88.9
8.0
11.6
14.9
158.1
16.5
31.3
13.6
25.3
11.1
13.3
152.6
88.8

22.6
154.2
113.2
273.6
19.3
224.7

22.8
155.7
114.7
273.8
19.4
224.8

22.4
153.4
113.4
272.2
18.7
224.2

21.7
154.3
114.6
271.3
18.6
223.5

1,041.2
57.5
25.8
31.7
104.2
56.4
32.3
96.7
24.6
14.9
16.8

1,041.9
56.5
25.7
30.8
104.1
56.5
32.1
96.7
23.8
15.5
17.2

1,046.9
57.9
27.6
30.3
99.6
54.0
30.8
98.2
23.5
16.0
16.0

1,048.2
58.1
27.5
30.6
99.5
53.9
30.9
96.1
21.8
15.9
16.0

June
2000P

1,349.5

1,054.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

Production workers1

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

182.7
19.8
60.5
18.0
21.4
79.9
54.0
265.8
119.4
633.5
20.7
267.4
152.2
149.5
24.5
70.4

184.7
20.1
60.3
18.3
21.5
80.5
54.2
266.7
120.3
637.7
20.8
270.4
152.2
150.4
24.6
70.8

183.8
19.8
59.7
18.6
21.0
80.7
53.1
268.9
121.7
650.2
19.1
275.1
153.3
152.0
24.7
71.1

184.1
19.8
59.8
18.7
21.0
80.5
52.7
269.8
122.1
653.6
19.1
276.2
153.5
152.0
24.8
70.8

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,887.4
1,020.4
355.2
47.6
551.4
43.7
501.0
257.2
100.5
143.3
161.6
96.3
65.3
37.0
87.8
60.5
59.8
23.8

1,889.7
1,026.2
355.2
48.4
556.3
44.1
495.1
255.0
99.6
140.5
162.4
96.5
65.9
36.7
88.7
61.2
60.4
24.0

1,862.5
1,026.9
350.0
50.8
559.3
44.5
460.6
233.2
95.6
131.8
170.8
99.8
71.0
33.4
88.9
62.7
61.1
25.1

1,863.9
1,027.8
351.8
51.2
559.8
44.0
461.0
233.0
96.2
131.8
170.8
98.9
71.9
33.7
88.5
62.6
61.1
25.1

1,870.6
1,036.2
_
_

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

856.3
167.0
293.0
39.2
67.4
69.6
282.3
109.8
97.6
34.3
73.9
5.8

858.9
166.9
294.1
39.7
67.8
69.8
284.3
110.8
97.8
34.2
73.6
5.8

843.1
159.2
291.0
37.0
67.2
69.5
284.5
109.9
98.2
32.1
70.6
5.7

844.1
159.3
291.4
36.7
67.0
70.2
284.8
109.9
98.0
32.4
70.5
5.7

849.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

394.0
49.4
38.4
16.5
106.5
32.0
74.5
30.7
20.3
10.6
170.6
75.9

396.7
49.1
38.0
16.6
106.4
32.4
74.0
31.3
20.3
10.6
173.0
77.3

396.3
49.2
38.7
17.2
110.0
32.6
77.4
28.5
18.3
9.1
173.1
77.8

395.3
49.1
38.8
17.2
109.3
32.3
77.0
28.8
18.4
9.2
172.5
111

395.8
_
_
_
_
-

Cncie*

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.




70

May
2000P

June
2000P

_
_
_
_
666.0
_
_
-

459.0
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

130.1
15.8
40.2
13.5
15.6
51.0
31.8
119.1
53.8
375.7
15.4
116.0
102.2
106.9
19.2
53.8

131.7
16.2
40.4
13.7
15.7
51.7
32.0
118.5
54.6
375.1
15.4
114.2
102.6
107.6
19.3
54.1

131.9
14.7
41.8
14.1
15.1
52.4
31.6
116.4
51.7
380.3
14.4
111.8
105.7
110.2
20.3
54.5

131.7
14.6
41.8
14.1
14.9
52.0
31.4
116.9
51.2
383.5
14.6
112.6
106.1
110.4
20.5
54.2

1,254.6
780.4
254.7
38.0
434.2
34.6
248.5
107.5
50.7
90.3
117.8
63.4
54.4
26.2
22.9
14.1
45.0
20.2

1,256.0
783.4
253.2
38.5
437.9
35.2
245.8
106.2
50.4
89.2
118.3
63.6
54.7
25.5
23.2
14.2
45.7
20.3

1,242.8
785.0
248.1
40.6
442.4
35.1
221.2
90.4
48.5
82.3
128.3
68.9
59.4
23.9
22.9
13.2
47.0
21.4

1,243.0
786.4
250.4
41.0
442.6
34.8
219.5
88.4
48.9
82.2
128.4
68.0
60.4
24.3
22.5
12.9
46.8
21.2

1,246.5
790.6
_
_
-

432.7
45.5
149.2
26.6
34.3
27.2
169.6
70.8
61.4
24.6
39.0
4.8

434.0
44.4
150.6
26.6
34.8
27.9
170.5
71.5
61.6
24.5
39.3
4.7

420.3
38.7
146.1
23.3
34.1
27.4
167.2
69.6
59.8
22.7
40.9
4.7

419.2
38.7
146.0
23.1
34.1
27.8
167.3
69.5
59.6
22.6
39.9
4.7

422.1
_
-

273.3
33.7
25.6
13.2
72.1
20.5
51.6
21.3
14.7
7.5
118.3
49.3

274.9
33.3
25.1
13.2
72.3
21.0
51.3
21.3
14.8
7.6
120.0
50.2

274.0
33.3
25.7
13.7
74.7
20.0
54.7
19.8
13.4
6.4
119.1
49.8

272.3
33.4
25.8
13.6
73.7
19.3
54.4
19.8
13.4
6.4
118.4
49.3

271.7
_
—

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
PnHo
OUuc

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers'

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

7,420
1,650.4
499.8
148.8
101.7
249.3
143.0
41.0
60.9
211.1
15.9
61.3
42.4
124.1
18.7
40.2
199.7
141.2

7,460
1,669.4
503.3
149.0
103.2
251.1
145.8
41.7
61.5
216.5
15.5
65.1
42.9
125.9
19.0
40.9
200.1
141.2

7,336
1,637.8
502.3
150.9
104.5
246.9
143.5
41.0
61.4
204.0
14.8
58.8
44.7
122.5
17.8
39.7
199.9
142.1

7,344
1,648.7
500.4
149.8
104.5
246.1
145.2
41.4
61.6
211.0
14.6
63.5
45.4
122.8
18.2
40.0
200.1
142.3

7,395
1,677.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

5,126
1,224.0
425.6
124.4
81.0
220.2
98.6
33.5
36.1
174.6
12.4
50.4
36.3
88.9
11.6
26.5
136.0
86.1

5,152
1,241.6
428.5
124.9
82.0
221.6
101.0
34.1
36.6
180.1
12.6
53.7
36.7
90.4
11.7
27.2
136.8
86.4

5,061
1,216.2
426.6
127.0
83.1
216.5
100.3
34.1
37.6
167.6
11.5
47.0
38.7
86.3
10.3
26.1
139.5
90.5

5,067
1,226.3
425.1
126.0
83.0
216.1
102.3
34.6
38.0
174.2
11.4
50.9
39.4
86.4
10.8
26.2
140.2
91.0

5,110
1,252.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

58.5
87.5
4.4
3.8
7.9
45.0
28.3
183.6
31.6
99.0
173.3

58.9
88.6
4.3
3.8
7.8
45.5
28.0
185.2
32.0
100.0
176.0

57.8
85.5
4.2
3.8
7.9
44.2
28.6
182.6
31.5
98.2
168.9

57.8
84.8
4.1
4.0
7.8
43.2
28.5
183.5
31.7
98.4
172.4

49.9
67.6
3.5
2.7
6.7
35.1
19.3
88.4
19.6
40.3
125.0

50.4
68.8
3.4
2.7
6.6
35.8
19.0
89.9
19.9
41.0
127.1

49.0
67.0
3.2
2.8
6.8
35.7
19.4
89.9
19.1
41.9
119.6

49.2
66.4
3.0
3.0
6.7
35.0
19.1
90.3
19.3
42.0
122.3

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

35.3
25.3

35.6
25.6

34.7
23.5

34.2
23.4

34.3
-

25.5
18.0

25.6
18.1

23.2
14.9

22.7
14.6

22.6
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yam and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

562.6
65.7
57.7
10.1
20.5
144.0
16.0
36.3
41.1
8.7
22.1
61.6
28.0
19.6
64.0
83.6
60.9
16.3
55.4

562.9
65.6
58.3
10.2
20.6
143.4
16.1
36.4
40.4
8.5
22.0
61.1
27.9
19.4
63.8
83.9
60.8
16.7
56.0

547.5
63.1
57.0
8.7
20.5
134.4
15.9
35.0
34.7
8.0
21.4
59.1
27.4
18.7
66.0
82.6
59.4
16.8
56.1

545.6
62.6
56.2
8.7
20.4
134.3
15.7
35.1
35.0
7.8
21.5
58.9
27.2
18.7
65.9
82.4
59.3
16.7
56.2

546.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

475.4
58.8
49.1
8.5
16.8
121.1
13.4
31.6
35.2
7.5
18.2
51.4
23.6
16.0
52.9
74.1
54.2
14.2
42.7

475.0
58.4
49.6
8.7
16.8
120.3
13.5
31.6
34.4
7.4
18.1
50.8
23.4
15.8
52.8
74.4
54.1
14.6
43.2

463.0
56.6
48.5
7.4
16.8
113.7
13.9
30.2
30.0
6.9
17.8
48.9
22.6
15.3
54.4
73.6
53.0
15.1
43.1

461.2
56.0
47.9
7.4
16.6
113.4
13.5
30.3
30.2
6.7
17.9
48.7
22.4
15.3
54.0
73.8
53.3
14.9
43.4

462.5
_
_
_
_
_
-

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

701.5
23.5
159.4
31.2
50.2
28.2
209.4
16.6
29.8
16.3
146.7

700.3
23.6
158.8
31.1
49.6
28.1
207.7
16.3
30.0
16.3
145.1

664.2
21.7
143.3
25.9
46.1
25.3
202.0
14.5
30.1
14.4
143.0

662.3
21.6
143.2
25.5
46.3
25.3
201.6
14.3
29.9
14.3
143.1

657.7
-

561.7
18.7
132.9
26.5
42.9
24.3
164.1
12.3
23.0
11.9
116.9

558.0
18.6
132.0
26.5
42.0
24.2
161.1
11.8
23.3
11.9
114.1

530.7
17.2
117.2
21.0
39.1
21.3
158.8
10.3
23.2
10.5
114.8

528.5
17.1
117.1
20.8
39.1
21.3
158.7
10.2
23.0
10.5
115.0

522.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




71

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391

2392
2396

May
1999

26.7
18.9
7.8
19.5
8.4
31.9
215.8
19.2
54.0
62.7

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

667.7
146.6
48.6
217.8

Printing and publishing
Newspaper^
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

279

Production workers1

All employees
June
1999

27.4
19.2
8.2
19.6
8.4
31.8
216.0
19.4
53.9
62.0

672.4
147.9
49.0

133.1

218.7
133.7

17.2
46.4
242.5
46.6
40.3
24.8

17.0
46.9
244.5
47.0
40.3
25.0

1,548.6
439.9

1,554.0
442.9
143.7
124.0

142.7

123.0
86.1

36.9
90.5
570.1
378.5
171.5
42.7
63.4
49.8
1,035.2
98.8
54.4

155.2
76.7
43.3
294.6
230.5
158.5
41.6
41.0

75.9
52.0

87.2
36.8

90.2
570.4
377.7
172.5
42.8
63.7

49.5
1,039.3

99.0
54.3
155.8
77.5
43.2
296.8
232.4
159.1
41.6

40.9
76.6
52.5

Apr.
2000

22.6
16.3
6.3
18.4
8.3
30.4
211.3
18.7
54.2
61.9

May
2000P

1,550.7
442.3

1,549.9
442.8
143.7

121.9
21.1
98.2

June
2000P

25.4
171.0
15.1
45.4
48.6
664.6

505.3
114.5
37.4
168.4
99.5
15.5
37.2
175.3
21.9
31.3
19.1

509.4
115.7
37.7
169.5
100.0
15.4
37.8
176.7
22.4
31.3
19.1

499.5
109.4
36.0
168.4
101.7
14.7
36.6
176.9
20.5
31.8
19.2

499.6
109.6
36.0
168.5
101.6
14.9
36.5
177.1
20.2
31.5
19.2

505.7

1,562.2

824.3
146.0
44.0
55.9
27.1
28.8
44.3
404.7
269.6
119.2
28.6
48.2
33.1

826.2
146.8
44.1
56.5
27.6
28.9
43.8
405.2
268.8
120.6
28.5
48.4
32.8

827.4
147.6
49.4
59.9
29.1
30.8
45.5
401.6
267.6
118.6
27.7
46.1
31.2

827.6
147.7
49.8
59.5
29.2
30.3
45.5
401.5
268.0
118.2
27.7
46.0
31.2

833.7

1,030.6

584.0
53.1
30.2
102.4
46.5
34.2
135.8
109.4
101.5
27.6
23.0
50.9
27.2
73.8
12.9
59.0
34.1
56.1

585.4
52.7
30.1
103.3
47.1
34.2
135.7
109.4
102.5
28.3
22.9
51.3
27.4
73.8
12.9
59.0
33.9
56.1

585.0
54.5
30.6
101.2
46.3
32.9
140.6
113.7
101.0
27.9
22.8
50.3
27.7
72.0
12.2
57.8
32.7
55.3

583.6
54.5
30.5
101.0
46.2
32.8
139.6
112.9
99.7
27.4
22.8
49.5
28.3
72.4
12.2
58.1
32.4
55.7

586.1

6.5

16.1
7.5

128.7
89.8
38.9
93.4
566.2
375.2
171.2
41.5
61.2
47.2

121.8
21.1

May

2000P

18.1
12.8
5.3
14.8
6.8
23.4
167.9
14.6
45.6
47.8

135.4
16.5
45.3
244.3
45.7
39.8
25.1

1,028.0

Apr.
2000

18.0
12.8
5.2
15.5
7.2
23.6
168.8
14.7
46.2
48.2

217.6

1,028.1
98.3
53.6
149.0
74.4
41.0
302.5
237.6
158.2
42.3
40.2
75.7
53.6

June
1999

22.1
15.2
6.9
16.1
7.4
25.3
170.7
15.2
45.5
47.6

8.0
30.6
210.6
18.5
53.5
61.7
659.8
140.5
46.8

May
1999

21.5
15.0

22.4
16.1
6.3
17.9

659.0
140.2
46.7
217.2
135.3
16.3
45.4
243.8
45.7
40.1
25.0

143.8
128.2
89.1
39.1
94.4
566.6
374.8
171.9
41.7
61.4
47.4

June
2000P

98.0
53.2
149.0
74.6
40.8
303.0

237.9
157.5
42.3
40.2
75.0

53.9

128.3

289

128.2
22.1
103.4
56.4
91.5

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

134.7
88.2
32.1

135.9
88.4
33.0

130.7
86.3
30.0

132.7
86.4
31.9

133.6

88.9
56.3
24.8

89.7
56.2
25.5

76.1
46.4
22.6

77.2
45.9
24.3

79.3

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

1,005.2
79.4
4.5
74.2
29.8
106.0

1,010.9
79.8
4.5
74.8
30.1

1,008.7
80.4
4.4

1,007.8
80.6
4.5

1,012.1

777.7
56.5

75.1
30.2

107.4
744.4

106.3
742.7

105.8
741.8

785.1
60.2
3.3
58.0
23.6
82.5
581.1

784.7
60.8
3.3
58.3
23.8
82.0
580.3

789.9

74.9
30.0

782.0
57.6
3.3
57.7
23.9
82.0
581.4

2869
287

741.1

22.1
103.5
56.4
91.4

See footnotes at end of table.




72

98.1
54.2
90.5

53.9
90.8

3.4

57.1
23.6
81.6
579.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311

314
3143
3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

May
1999

June
1999

78.7
12.8
33.4

79.3
12.8
33.6

18.4
7.5

18.5
7.5

9.7

9.9

7.1

7.2

6,807

6,851

4,400

4,430
233.5
206.8

6,936

6,972

7,019

4,482

4,507

4,536

220.9
194.9

220.2
194.3

220.4

513.0
253.8
32.7
23.6
165.4

516.1
256.2
32.5

496.1

161.9

484.4
248.0
31.4
22.9
143.9

1,812.7
1,607.6

1,825.5
1,619.6
196.1

1,852.5

202.0
14.2
142.9

207.7

1,261.6

1,274.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41

500.1
244.2
31.6
23.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air..
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,791.8

1,819.8

1,601.1
181.9

1,628.1
182.9

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

186.7

193.4
13.7
132.3

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

13.9
127.2

197.3

14.2
139.2

June
1999

59.0
10.4
26.6

59.3
10.4
26.7

13.9
6.2
7.2
3.6

14.0

5,642

6.2
7.4
3.5

Apr.
2000

55.1
10.9
22.8
12.3
5.3
8.0

May
2000P

June
2000P

55.5
11.1
22.7

55.4

12.3
5.1
8.2

2.9

2.9

5,684

5,760

5,798

459.7
221.3

443.6
224.8

473.3
231.6

476.6
233.7

20.8

20.5

22.3

22.2

1,569.2
1,409.5
151.8

1,597.6

1,588.5

1,437.2

1,416.5

152.3

163.2

1,600.8
1,428.3
163.7

110.4

115.2

123.2

126.3

1,220.3
1,034.3
552.6

138

1,257.4
1,069.3
569.6
140

13.0

13.0

12.4

12.4

12.6

10.9

10.9

8.7

8.5

464.0
222.7
174.3
185.8

465.2
223.4
175.1
186.7

467.8
219.6
171.4
191.1

468.9
219.5
171.3
191.3

472.2

381.0
187.1
146.4
148.2

381.7
187.7
146.9
148.8

386.6
182.8
142.5
156.4

388.5
182.8
142.6
157.1

2,407

2,421

2,454

2,465

2,483

1,549.0 1,600.6
1,068.3 1,100.0
914.6
892.4
250.0
247.3
115.8
115.7
134.2
131.6
216.2
199.9

1,608.7
1,105.8
919.8
250.4
115.7
134.7
217.6

1,619.3

1,115.9
739.0
602.5
202.5

1,121.0
742.4
606.0
201.6

1,162.4
769.2
623.3
202.4

1,174.8
781.1
634.8
202.0

160.3

162.8

174.9

175.2

1,542.7
1,065.0
888.4
247.8
115.9
131.9
196.8

1,074.7
573.4

138

872.1
363.9
134.7
156.4
179.5

853.6
355.5
126.8
151.0
182.7

855.9
356.4
127.0
150.9
183.7

863.6

695.2
291.3
105.3
123.6
146.2

702.0
293.9
106.3
123.4
148.7

687.0
284.1
100.0
123.6
149.9

689.2
285.6
100.5
122.6
150.7

6,905

6,941

7,034

7,053

7,076

5,526

5,563

5,606

5,629

50
501
5012

4,101
527.5
158.8

4,189
525.3

4,198
526.4

4,212

3,226
423.7

3,242
424.1

3,279
417.8

3,287
419.2

165.6

5013
502
5021
5023

292.5
170.9
82.1
88.8

4,120
528.5
159.5
293.6

165.5
289.4

172.4

181.7
90.0
91.7

135.3

136.4

145.2

146.0

82.7

89.7

73

288.0

5,846

165.2

1,211.2
1,028.3
548.0
136

See footnotes at end of table.




195.3

23.6

May
1999

863.9
360.2
133.9
156.4
176.7

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

June
2000P

6.4
10.6
6.5

232.9
206.5

Communications and public utilities

75.0
13.5
29.4
16.6

May
2000P

75.3

40
4011

412
413
415

Apr.
2000

75.3
13.6
29.1
16.6
6.2
10.8
6.5

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

411

Production workers1

All employees

182.8

90.2
92.6

5,649

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'

All employees

May

May

1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

278.7
140.8
38.8
942.0
202.0
409.0
191.5
155.3
552.4
229.1
45.6
277.7
318.1
115.0
124.6
831.5
95.4
120.3
338.2
149.4
324.4
115.4

280.6
143.1
38.6
945.7
203.4
408.7
193.7
155.2
553.6
228.3
46.1
279.2
318.6
114.7
124.7
838.0
94.7
121.2
341.2
151.1
327.6
117.2

294.4
149.0
42.7
946.1
200.6
403.7
201.7
160.7
574.1
234.4
46.4
293.3
324.1
117.9
125.9
840.6
94.2
116.4
346.9
154.1
341.5
124.9

295.4
150.1
41.9
948.2
199.4
405.1
202.9
160.8
575.5
234.0
47.3
294.2
323.1
117.6
125.3
840.7
93.3
117.1
346.5
154.1
344.6
125.8

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,804
273.5
161.6
245.6
219.0
935.7
293.2
57.3
103.4
104.2
156.2
153.8
59.3
94.5
157.0
99.7
57.3
559.1
175.4

2,821
273.5
161.9
249.3
222.7
944.2
294.8
57.6
103.8
104.0
156.7
155.9
61.0
94.9
158.7
101.2
57.5
555.7
173.0

2,845
275.4
159.9
254.7
227.7
946.1
296.2
56.8
99.9
98.4
158.3
156.1
59.8
96.3
157.9
101.6
56.3
569.9
165.8

2,855
275.3
158.8
255.7
231.0
950.1
297.7
56.8
102.C
98.1
157.7
157.9
61.4
96.5
157.2
101.6
55.6
572.0
168.9

22,803

23,032

22,940

Retail trade

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

232.1
_
_
727.0
_
_
155.8
124.6
401.4
_
_
261.4
_
663.9
_
_
256.2
-

232.6
_
_
733.3
_
157.9
123.8
402.4
_
262.3
_
670.6
_
_
256.7
-

246.2
_
716.3
_
_
162.1
127.9
419.6
_
269.4
-

2,864
_
_
_
-

2,300
229.3
202.3
177.7
787.5
83.9
113.7
126.2
_
127.3
452.2
-

23,124

23,367

2000P

June
2000P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

May
2000P

June
2000P

671.1
_
265.9
-

247.2
_
_
718.8
_
_
163.4
128.3
419.2
_
269.1
_
670.4
268.5
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

2,321
229.4
204.8
183.0
797.6
83.2
115.7
128.6
_
128.8
449.4
-

2,327
228.4
211.2
187.6
792.0
78.6
113.3
127.0
128.0
460.7
-

2,342
227.6
213.5
191.4
797.2
78.4
113.7
130.1
_
127.2
462.9
-

_
-

20,055

20,285

20,175

20,352

20,570

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

1,025.5
622.9
64.9
166.5
120.0

1,034.6
633.0
65.5
167.7
116.4

1,047.4
655.1
67.5
164.8
111.7

1,067.0
658.9
68.7
167.3
123.4

1,066.1
_
-

860.3
529.7
47.9
138.4
104.2

868.2
539.7
48.7
139.5
100.6

880.5
561.6
48.9
138.6
95.4

900.0
565.8
49.3
141.0
107.5

_
-

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,700.5
2,376.0
131.9
192.6

2,715.1
2,385.8
133.3
196.0

2,698.0
2,359.9
141.2
196.9

2,682.1
2,341.0
140.4
200.7

2,695.1
2,349.8
-

2,509.1
2,229.9
112.5
166.7

2,532.5
2,247.4
114.4
170.7

2,522.7
2,225.8
123.6
173.3

2,506.0
2,206.3
122.9
176.8

_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,478.1
3,070.0
48.5
12.8
198.3

3,508.9
3,092.8
48.9
13.4
200.6

3,480.1
3,072.2
45.5
13.8
193.8

3,496.9
3,089.8
45.9
14.1
191.9

3,529.2
-

3,144.7
2,797.3
171.9

3,175.0
2,819.1
173.9

3,140.5
2,790.3
168.9

3,155.6
2,806.9
166.8

_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,370.7
1,074.8

2,387 0
1,081.9

2,403.5
1,104.6

2,414.7
1,107.1

2,436.0
1,114.6

1,974.6
903.1

1,988.4
908.3

2,006.6
929.1

2,020.1
931.3

_

See footnotes at end of table.




74

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

553
554
559

400.9
668.9
10.8

403.9
670.6
10.9

396.1
667.4
10.1

398.0
672.2
10.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,140.1
80.8
273.4
402.8
204.4

1,161.9
81.1
276.0
415.2
207.5

1,162.9
79.5
275.0
419.3
203.0

1,165.4
80.1
274.4
424.0
202.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,068.3
547.0
319.1
71.9
449.4
194.7
79.1

1,076.0
552.3
321.5
72.2
451.5
196.7
78.9

1,101.4
567.2
330.6
73.5
460.7
204.8
82.1

Eating and drinking places

58

8,092.4

8,224.0

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

2,927.7
59
649.1
591
113.3
592
129.8
593
1,033.4
594
193.4
5941
134.1
5942
102.0
5943
152.1
5944
242.4
5947
47.0
5949
347.6
596
225.3
5961
67.3
5962
598
94.6
599
559.9
5992,3,4
172.6
5995
73.4
5999
313.9

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

310.3
577.8
8.8

313.8
579.3
9.1

318.0
567.9
8.3

320.9
575.1
8.3

1,185.5

956.8
65.4
227.0
356.7
162.7

978.4
65.6
230.0
367.9
166.0

961.0
64.2
223.3
363.4
159.9

961.3
64.4
221.9
367.2
159.3

1,102.4
569.4
331.2
73.5
459.5
204.3
82.3

1,109.0

881.3
446.3

887.4
450.7

911.8
463.6

911.7
465.4

58.3
376.7
162.0
66.7

58.5
378.2
164.3
66.3

60.1
388.1
171.0
70.9

59.9
386.4
170.7
71.6

8,077.3

8,193.3

8,340.5

7,277.9

7,404.5

7,260.3

7,376.7

2,924.0
653.3
113.5
130.5
1,028.9
197.1
125.4
102.7
148.6
244.3
46.4
348.6
225.2
67.2
94.3
554.9
158.3
74.6
322.0

2,969.3
660.1
113.4
137.7
1,032.8
197.1
136.3
105.6
153.9
233.2
42.4
367.8
243.6
69.2
95.5
562.0
166.9
74.9
320.2

3,002.1
661.5
114.6
138.4
1,041.0
196.5
137.8
104.5
155.0
242.5
42.1
367.5
243.1
69.6
94.1
585.0
183.8
74.9
326.3

3,005.8

2,450.1
552.0

2,451.0
559.3

2,491.5
571.8

2,520.3
573.0

108.5
864.7

109.3
861.3

115.6
863.9

115.9
868.7

293.4

294.3

310.8

310.8

76.8
462.9

76.6
458.2

78.2
459.0

77.0
481.7

57.5
257.5

58.0
265.3

57.8
259.5

57.9
264.2

7,556

7,642

7,579

7,597

7,669

5,544

5,618

5,529

5,547

3,683

3,711

3,699

3,696

3,726

2,057.1
1,473.4
588.3
885.1
251.7
145.7
106.0
187.5

2,071.4
1,484.0
595.4
888.6
253.2
146.1
107.1
188.9

2,045.1
1,457.9
589.2
868.7
242.7
139.4
103.3
194.9

2,039.5
1,453.2
589.1
864.1
242.1
138.8
103.3
195.5

2,056.0
1,464.2

1,478.8
1,044.5
424.2
620.3

1,492.9
1,053.5
429.8
623.7

1,472.5
1,034.3
421.5
612.8

1,468.3
1,029.5
421.8
607.7

682.2

May
2000P

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

717.2
196.6
130.6
368.3

720.8
199.3
131.5
368.0

686.1
205.7
134.4
325.0

684.0
205.4
134.6
323.2

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

677.1
496.2

687.4
503.2

727.5
532.0

733.0
536.4

622,3
628

26.5
154.4

26.9
157.3

27.6
167.9

28.1
168.5

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

231.7
102.9

231.2
103.4

240.6
108.5

239.8
107.9

See footnotes at end of table.




75

June
2000P

May
2000P

243.4

149.0

150.4

154.9

155.5

487.8
107.0

487.7
107.5

447.1
107.7

445.7
106.9

104.6

106.7

112.6

113.0

319.7
747.0

240.9

June
2000P

5,621

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Carte

Production workers1

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

63,64

2,368

2,381

2,359

2,360

2,370

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,609.4
504.3
368.8
297.7
556.6
89.9

1,618.9
506.4
370.8
299.3
561.0
89.8

1,592.2
495.5
368.1
297.9
560.5
76.3

1,592.5
493.4
368.9
297.3
561.4
76.9

1,598.6
_
-

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

758.6

762.3

766.8

767.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Services

May
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

_

_

_

_

_

1,237.9
340.3
295.9
241.9
452.0
-

1,246.7
342.3
297.3
243.1
456.4
-

1,232.1
341.8
296.4
241.1
457.6
-

1,233.5
340.5
296.0
240.2
460.3
-

_
_
_
-

771.0

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
-

_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

June
2000P

-

1,505
571.9
751.5
137.1

1,550
586.5
778.7
139.9

1,521
569.7
778.2
131.6

1,541
573.8
787.3
139.3

1,573
_
-

_
_
-

38,979

39,333

40,231

40,377

40,761

33,998

34,317

35,125

35,255

35,623

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

812.8
206.0
552.0

845.8
212.2
578.0

810.7
214.0
541.8

858.1
214.8
587.9

887.0
-

693.8
174.0
474.5

724.8
179.8
498.9

684.4
180.8
458.3

725.5
181.5
498.8

_
-

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,850.7
1,793.0

1,945.7
1,864.8

1,851.9
1,802.8

1,917.3
1,860.6

2,031.4
-

_
1,572.6

_
1,642.0

_
1,579.4

_
1,634.0

_
-

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,206.6
446.1
70.3
413.8
101.9
159.9

1,198.2
447.6
71.2
412.1
103.1
149.7

1,337.7
453.9
71.6
425.0
102.0
270.5

1,244.0
456.5
72.4
425.0
102.7
172.5

1,240.8
_
_
-

_

392.6
_
364.7
134.6

394.0
_
362.8
125.7

398.3
376.4
235.7

399.3
376.5
148.9

_
_
-

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

9,154.8
279.1
183.1
153.1
320.8
84.3
982.8
90.6
892.2
275.7
42.6
54.9
178.2
3,528.7
362.9
3,165.8
1,813.3
431.1
270.7
206.2
276.9
127.5
58.4
1,801.3
588.7
71.4
71.5

9,280.3
280.6
184.0
154.7
322.1
84.1
991.9
92.6
899.3
281.9
42.8
55.9
183.2
3,596.9
370.0
3,226.9
1,833.5
437.1
274.9
210.0
276.8
127.6
58.1
1,818.7
589.0
70.4
71.6

9,638.3
289.3
191.6
162.4
325.7
85.8
998.8
91.7
907.1
281.9
43.8
55.1
183.0
3,787.1
405.4
3,381.7
1,923.6
444.6
311.3
209.3
287.4
145.0
51.1
1,869.5
614.6
68.1
72.5

9,683.9
291.4
192.2
163.4
322.2
85.0
1,003.1
93.8
909.3
292.5
45.1
55.9
191.5
3,820.8
408.4
3,412.4
1,927.8
446.6
314.4
209.9
284.6
145.3
50.9
1,862.7
604.9
67.7
73.7

9,810.0
-

1,015.0
_
_
3,900.0
3,484.5
1,942.6
_
_
_
-

8,093.3
198.0
69.1
873.6
72.9
800.7
222.0
33.8
46.5
141.7
3,054.4
1,453.9
366.1
148.8
_
96.6
42.7
1,567.0
543.2
58.3
-

8,209.8
199.7
68.4
881.5
74.6
806.9
227.6
34.2
47.7
145.7
3,114.2
1,470.8
372.2
150.1
97.0
42.8
1,582.7
543.3
58.3
-

8,546.4
208.3
71.0
892.1
73.9
818.2
226.3
35.9
46.1
144.3
3,261.0
1,548.1
375.5
156.7
_
112.3
39.6
1,631.6
566.2
57.8
-

8,580.7
211.2
70.2
896.1
75.9
820.2
235.9
37.2
47.0
151.7
3,287.6
1,547.8
375.8
158.5
111.2
39.5
1,623.3
555.2
56.9
-

_
-

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,185.8
208.0
136.9
76.4
653.6
226.0
283.6

1,192.7
211.3
139.3
78.0
660.6
226.9
288.9

1,194.0
210.0
139.6
79.0
661.1
229.9
289.5

1,193.3
209.8
139.5
81.1
658.6
228.8
287.2

1,201.2
_
—

963.9
169.3
112.1
67.0
514.5
183.4
217.3

971.1
172.9
114.9
68.3
521.5
184.0
222.9

981.4
171.3
114.7
69.2
530.2
187.6
231.0

981.6
170.6
114.3
71.5
528.7
187.0
229.5

_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




76

-

_

_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
UUUc

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

754
7542
76
762

Production workers1

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

247.8
135.5

242.8
135.7

243.9
141.3

379.0
109.8

378.9
111.2

382.2
110.7

May
2000P

243.8
140.7
383.8
110.7

June
2000P

386.8
-

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

213.1
120.6

208.4
120.9

210.7
126.0

311.6
-

310.9
-

313.7
-

May
2000P

210.8
125.2

June
2000P

-

314.9
-

_
-

612.9
275.9
145.1
174.1

622.1
275.6
153.1
175.4

627.6
292.2
131.2
186.4

633.3
291.3
138.8
185.4

645.9
_
-

523.0
239.7
140.1

525.9
235.3
140.4

532.9
252.4
151.0

538.3
250.9
150.0

_
_
-

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,726.4
78.2
1,288.2
197.4
368.3

1,899.3
71.7
1,460.7
202.0
441.6

1,722 3
86.3
1,283.1
209.4
343.1

1,845.9
76.5
1,394.8
211.2
393.0

2,034.2

1,513.9
69.0
1,134.7
176.2
324.5

1,680 9
62.8
1,301.6
180.2
395.5

1,502.7
76.8
1,124.3
187.5
299.0

1,628.4
66.8
1,238.7
189.2
347.5

_
_
-

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

9,966.2 10007.2 10080.2 10091.5 10148.7
1,868.0 1,880.3 1,919.6 1,925.8 1,936.0
677.7
663.2
667.5
674.5
446.2
451.0
445.5
450.1
173.7
175.7
175.4
173.1
1,780.9 1,787.2 1,783.6 1,783.2 1,791.6
1,362.5 1,367.4 1,364.1 1,362.5
202.9
203.2
202.9
202.9
216.6
216.6
215.5
217.8
3,973.2 3,989.7 3,994.4 3,997.1 4,017.0
3,670.7 3,685.9 3,681.0 3,683.4
77.7
77.3
80.8
81.1
225.2
226.1
232.9
232.3
201.7
206.2
206.8
202.8
636.4
643.2
641.2
640.2
637.3

8,824.2
1,535.6
579.2
371.2
1,599.2

8,861.0
1,545.7
583.8
370.6
_
1,605 3

8,930.4
1,585.8
590.1
376.0
_
1,600.2

8,942.3
1,590.8
593.4
375.5
_
1,600.6

181.3
3,641.8
587.1

181.5
3,657.3
586.5

180.2
3,660.0
588.5

180.3
3,664.5
588.5

_
_
_
_
_
-

Legal services

81

790.2

811.7

796.2

795.7

-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

-

989.5

1,011.8

997.9

999.7

1,028.3

82
821
822
824

2,303.9
701.4
1,302.3
93.6

2,076.0
676.2
1,094.7
90.7

2,475.8
731.1
1,418.7
103.0

2,388.7
737.1
1,322.7
104.1

2,142.8
_
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,801.1
749.2
374.6
710.0
767.8
199.5

2,791.6
749.8
392.7
679.3
776.8
193.0

2,955.9
782.6
380.7
772.8
810.6
209.2

2,972.1
784.5
380.9
782.5
814.3
209.9

2,937.2

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

100.5

104.8

99.9

104.0

-

_
_
-

_
_
_
-

2,418.7
652.2
342.4
597.4
673.1
153.6

2,553.1
678.4
327.3
680.8
698.9
167.7

2,568.7
679.9
327.9
689.0
702.9
169.0

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
48.7
_
-

_
_
49.4
_
-

_
_
49.2
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

2,461.1
791.7
602.4
137.2
52.1
447.8

2,559.0
804.0
616.5
137.1
50.4
502.9

2,554.2
812.2
622.2
138.4
51.6
481.1

_
_
_
_
_
-

-

_
_
-

741.6
825.3
-

2,427.9
652.4
323.9
626.1
665.3
160.2

109.3

_
-

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,418.0
112.4
66.5
141.3
449.0

2,465.3
114.5
66.8
144.3
490.9

2,427.6
114.6
67.7
141.3
456.2

2,436.3
114.9
67.8
141.7
463.1

2,479.5
_
-

_
_
48.4
_
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,227.3
946.2
715.2
169.8
61.2
649.2

3,269.0
964.6
726.4
174.2
64.0
650.1

3,383.8
981.5
743.5
175.0
63.0
698.3

3,379.8
991.6
751.1
176.2
64.3
672.3

3,432.7
1,020.0
—

2,421.3
773.6
591.0
133.1
49.5
444.5

See footnotes at end of table.




77

__
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

1987
SIC
Code

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Services, nee
Government
4

Production workers1

All employees
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

603.9
223.4
134.0
147.8
1,028.0
315.5
377.8
44.2

614.3
226.0
138.1
149.9
1,040.0
318.0
383.1
44.7

617.4
229.6
138.1
149.9
1,086.6
337.1
399.6
48.0

619.8
230.5
138.4
150.6
1,096.1
339.5
402.6
49.1

51.1

51.9

53.4

53.7

53.5

20,503

20,194

21,047

21,408

20,911

3,240

3,067

2,207.5

2,666

2,682

2,881

4

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,604.1
643.1
868.6
1,092.4
30.4
31.5

2,619.2
648.2
867.0
1,104.0
31.3
31.6

2,819.3
624.6
857.8
1,336.9
30.2
31.5

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,797.4

1,815.1

2,023.2

2,382.5

3731

49.2
22.8

49.2
22.8

47.1
21.9

47.1
21.9

806

14.3
361.5
221.3

14.5
368.0
221.5

14.3
355.7
218.6

14.3
359.6
218.8

4,741
92.5
52.7
2,718.9
341.1
2,020.0
206.5

4,529
96.0
53.4
2,473.1
342.6
1,769.7
207.9

4,874
91.6
52.8
2,830.3
338.1
2,132.7
206.1

4,793
91.9
52.9
2,737.5
336.9
2,040.1
206.9

151.3

152.9

153.4

153.6

1,876.7
2,720.8

1,906.2
2,759.0

1,899.3
2,741.3

1,910.9
2,753.1

13,096
458.0
8,797.8
630.2
7,606.8
145.9

12,983
462.5
8,511.4
632.1
7,282.8
146.4

13,292
465.6
8,959.1
636.8
7,754.6
144.6

13,375
468.1
8,982.3
637.3
7,766.0
145.3

414.9

450.1

423.1

433.7

3,840.1
5,489.1

4,008.7
5,699.8

3,867.4
5,537.5

3,924.7
5,609.1

Federal Government

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

806
82

806
82

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




June
2000P

1,111.9

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

448.6
141.6
110.7
116.0
754.6
231.6
274.1
28.5

456.9
142.3
114.5
118.2
764.7
234.2
278.3
29.4

452.3
138.2
115.9
117.2
799.8
249.5
285.9
31.2

453.8
139.3
115.8
117.5
807.1
252.8
287.8
32.4

40.2

40.8

41.3

41.3

May
2000P

June
2000P

4,577

1,789.8

2,787.4
13,267

7,432.9

5,834.0

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1999 forward are subject to revision.

78

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Mar.
1999

Apr.
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

61,857

62,165

62,847

63,237

63,687

50,282

50,604

51,089

51,339

51,744

6,637

6,644

6,621

6,621

6,642

82

81

73

73

73

681

693

716

719

730

5,874

5,870

5,832

5,829

5,839

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

2,950
144.6
172.2
100.9
102.4
340.3
470.3
680.9
411.3
356.2
170.9

2,953
145.4
173.7
100.9
102.4
341.6
469.9
679.6
409.9
357.1
172.6

2,961
148.5
177.6
100.3
101.7
344.3
475.0
681.3
409.4
351.6
171.2

2,961
148.9
178.5
100.0
101.8
344.7
473.0
682.1
408.6
351.7
171.3

2,967
149.1
178.6
100.3
101.9
346.4
473.9
685.5
407.7
351.6
172.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,924
534.6
11.7
263.1
511.1
161.6
698.2
338.0
23.3
340.7
41.3

2,917
530.6
11.3
261.7
507.2
161.6
699.3
337.8
23.7
342.5
41.3

2,871
534.7
12.9
252.5
468.6
163.2
697.1
336.5
23.1
343.8
38.2

2,868
532.6
10.8
252.9
471.1
162.8
697.5
336.2
23.1
342.5
38.3

2,872
535.3
10.8
252.8
471.1
162.9
699.1
335.8
23.7
342.6
38.1

55,220

55,521

56,226

56,616

57,045

Transportation and public utilities

2,056

2,059

2,142

2,147

2,149

Wholesale trade

2,111

2,117

2,158

2,169

2,178

11,701

11,806

11,727

11,760

11,954

4,703

4,707

4,740

4,747

4,747

Services

23,074

23,271

23,701

23,895

24,074

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,575
1,143
2,473
7,959

11,561
1,131
2,477
7,953

11,758
1,157
2,498
8,103

11,898
1,217
2,517
8,164

11,943
1,253
2,521
8,169

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1999 forward are subject to
revision.

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

1,924.0
482.5
180.6
229.1
165.6
82.2

1,952.1
494.4
183.6
231.5
170.7
84.2

1,963.2
496.9
184.4
232.8
171.0
84.2

2.9

2.8

281.6
132.1

275.6
131.4

286.6
135.1

9.7
2.8

9.7
2.7

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

2,161.0
1,525.3
335.4

2,258.0
1,588.4
355.6

2,266.5
1,596.2
357.6

12.8
5.4
2.0

10.0
2.8
1.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,143.6
147.0
100.0
312.9
36.3

1,169.2
152.9
101.7
316.2
36.8

1,175.6
154.5
102.0
317.2
36.9

13,964.3
188.7
286.7
4,012.7
139.3
1,011.0
1,341.6
930.7
683.1
127.7
1,152.5
1,039.6
966.6
159.3
180.7
176.8
165.1
262.3

14,294.8
192.7
292.0
4,073.1
143.7
1,023.4
1,376.9
971.7
705.7
129.8
1,174.9
1,061.3
982.2
161.5
184.0
179.8
171.1
271.0

14,423.9
193.4
293.6
4,104.5
144.6
1,031.3
1,386.0
976.5
706.5
131.7
1,183.7
1,068.6
986.2
162.2
185.9
182.0
173.1
271.0

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

2,117.0
171.4
234.0
1,137.3

2,188.2
174.7
239.2
1,168.3

2,189.0
175.0
241.6
1,180.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,672.4
188.5
89.1
614.9
257.4
140.8
209.6
88.4

1,687.4
189.1
90.1
614.5
260.0
141.2
211.8
87.6

1,697.7
191.1
90.9
619.6
262.0
142.5
213.9
89.3

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

411.9
54.5
322.0

420.9
57.4
327.7

425.9
58.0
329.8

.1
.1
.2

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

611.7
2,620.2

618.2
2,686.6

616.8
2,698.1

.1
1.2

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,854.2
156.1
656.7
162.7
118.1
536.9
178.8
183.3
985.3
874.6
156.7
265.1
156.9
1.153.7
469.9

7,146.8
160.7
676.1
170.1
121.6
553.4
185.4
191.8
1,011.2
920.9
162.2
281.8
161.5
1,207.2
490.8

7,180.5
161.2
679.4
169.2
123.2
557.4
185.3
192.9
1,014.4
925.2
163.0
281.5
162.2
1,213.2
490.0

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

May
2000P

See footnotes at end of table.




80

April
2000

May
1999
9.9
2.4
1

May
2000P

( )
(1)
(1)

Mav
2000P

2.7

108.4
31.2
6.7
19.6
9.1
5.7

108.7
31.7
6.7
19.3
9.3
5.8

9.8
2.7

13.8
7.3

12.5
6.5

14.3
7.4

10.0
2.9
1.8

152.7
112.0
21.4

157.1
114.8
22.2

158.2
115.8
22.5

3.1

53.0
6.3
4.0
15.2
.9

54.0
6.5
4.0
15.6
.9

1

( )
(1)
(1)

April
2000

105.0
29.9
6.7
18.6
8.6
5.7

9.3
2.1

9.5
2.1
1

May
1999

( )
(1)
(1)

.7

(1)
1
)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

50.9
5.9
3.8
15.8
.9

23.8
8.4
.4
4.4
2
( )
2.6
.8
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.0

23.4
8.5
.4
4.2
2
( )
2.4
.6
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.5
8.5
.4
4.2
2
( )
2.4
.6
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.0

666.9
9.8
15.6
123.7
9.1
60.6
71.5
68.0
43.4
6.2
65.8
40.9
44.7
7.5
11.8
10.3
11.6
14.0

708.9
9.7
16.0
128.6
9.6
63.0
77.2
75.8
44.5
6.3
68.8
44.6
47.7
7.7
12.7
10.3
13.3
15.0

723.8
9.8
16.0
131.1
9.7
64.9
78.0
76.7
45.7
6.6
69.6
45.4
48.5
7.7
13.0
10.7
13.4
15,1

13.0
)
)
6.0

12.7
(1)
1
( )
5.5

12.7
(1)
1
( )
5.5

145.7
7.9
13.9
77.3

162.0
8.6
15.2
87.1

165.6
8.6
15.6
88.8

.9

61.2
6.6
4.0
21.5
9.9
5.0
6.3
3.4

61.4
6.5
4.1
21.8
9.7
4.9
6.7
3.5

63.2
6.7
4.1
22.5
10.1
5.0
6.7
3.7

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

24.5
2.6
18.1

24.6
2.6
17.7

25.1
2.7
18.0

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

8.5
138.0

9.4
146.0

9.1
148.1

6.3

361.6
7.9
36.3
15.1
4.7
29.2
9.7
10.0
34.2
47.7
10.9
14.5
6.3
55.7
27.1

376.1
8.2
37.5
15.8
4.8
29.2
9.9
10.9
36.5
50.6
10.8
15.0
6.5
56.2
28.0

378.0
8.2
38.0
15.8
4.9
29.3
9.9
11.0
36.4
51.1
10.7
15.0
6.5
56.1
28.6

3.1

3.1
(1)

(1)

(1)
.7

.6

1
1

.8

.8
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

(M
(1)

6.3
(2)

(2)

)
.1

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
2.6

2.6

2.5

(2)

(2)

.3

.3

.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.2

.2
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

.4

.4

.4
(2)

(])
(12)
()

(])
(11)
(2)
()

6.1
2

(2)
(1)
(1)

(2)

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

369.9
51.2
35.9
26.5
18.6
13.2

366.3
51.5
34.8
25.9
19.1
13.3

366.2
51.7
34.4
26.1
19.1
13.1

94.2
31.0
4.5
13.1
7.2
2.4

95.6
31.6
4.6
13.3
7.7
2.4

96.0
31.6
4.6
13.4
7.7
2.4

442.7
118.0
36.2
59.9
37.9
18.7

452.3
121.9
36.8
60.8
39.1
19.5

454.8
122.6
37.3
61.3
39.2
19.5

12.9
2.1

12.9
2.1

12.2
2.2

26.6
13.5

25.7
14.2

27.8
14.7

57.8
31.2

55.6
30.9

58.3
31.6

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

210.8
164.8
29.7

213.8
164.5
33.2

214.7
165.5
33.2

103.2
79.2
11.8

108.3
83.7
12.4

108.9
84.3
12.4

510.5
364.4
70.8

527.9
377.1
74.3

527.0
376.5
74.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

252.0
34.4
28.7
33.0
8.4

253.9
35.6
28.5
33.0
8.5

253.0
35.9
28.7
32.7
8.4

68.6
10.4
6.4
21.2
1.8

70.1
10.6
6.7
22.2
1.8

70.5
10.6
6.7
22.2
1.8

261.9
42.1
19.9
71.7
7.2

267.9
43.5
20.8
72.1
7.3

269.6
43.9
20.7
72.3
7.3

1,918.7
9.7
30.7
646.8
24.3
117.0
229.3
118.4
47.7
11.3
127.5
74.0
248.8
16.2
29.5
22.3
19.7
38.4

1,912.8
10.3
29.7
635.7
23.9
118.9
231.7
122.5
49.3
10.3
130.3
74.4
243.0
15.6
30.8
22.1
21.1
39.7

1,916.8
10.2
29.8
634.2
23.9
118.7
232.5
122.6
49.4
10.8
130.5
74.6
242.8
15.3
31.0
22.8
21.1
39.9

714.2
11.0
13.4
232.7
5.4
63.8
47.8
48.2
27.5
5.6
51.7
81.9
28.3
5.0
6.4
12.5
5.9
11.4

736.9
11.2
13.7
241.8
5.7
66.4
49.6
50.7
27.8
5.7
53.1
82.9
29.1
4.8
6.7
12.6
6.5
12.2

742.5
11.2
13.8
242.8
5.7
66.6
49.6
50.7
27.8
5.8
53.0
83.5
29.2
4.8
6.7
12.7
6.6
11.8

3,171.8
44.3
68.2
880.8
35.7
228.0
329.1
230.9
143.4
33.1
253.9
215.8
188.4
39.1
42.4
41.7
41.0
61.8

3,225.9
45.0
68.6
892.5
36.5
228.4
334.9
236.9
146.3
33.5
260.3
222.5
192.6
40.1
42.8
42.5
42.1
62.9

3,249.7
45.0
69.0
896.5
36.6
230.3
336.3
237.6
147.2
33.9
261.9
223.7
193.2
40.4
43.1
42.9
42.4
62.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

203.4
33.2
27.1
90.4

203.1
32.4
28.6
89.3

203.1
32.2
28.8
89.3

138.9
4.8
13.4
98.2

141.1
5.4
13.3
102.4

140.7
5.5
13.5
103.7

498.2
35.0
51.1
267.5

514.8
35.6
51.9
271.1

515.7
35.7
52.4
274.6

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

269.5
37.8
19.2
92.1
39.6
23.9
25.7
18.2

265.4
37.0
19.1
89.4
40.2
23.4
25.2
18.3

265.2
36.9
19.1
89.4
40.1
23.4
25.0
18.3

78.6
7.4
2.9
27.6
16.4
7.3
10.5
4.3

78.3
7.2
2.9
26.8
16.4
7.2
10.3
4.2

78.8
7.3
2.9
27.3
16.3
7.2
10.4
4.2

357.8
41.6
21.2
123.2
54.2
28.1
44.3
18.2

359.3
42.1
20.6
121.9
53.8
28.1
44.2
18.3

362.4
42.3
20.8
123.1
53.9
28.7
44.5
18.3

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

59.7
6.1
45.9

58.9
6.3
44.5

58.6
6.3
44.3

17.0
2.1
14.7

17.9
2.0
15.0

18.1
2.1
15.3

90.0
12.1
65.9

91.3
13.1
66.6

92.9
13.2
67.2

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

11.9
98.6

11.9
99.1

11.8
99.0

17.6
124.8

18.0
130.3

17.8
131.2

47.9
479.2

48.3
482.7

48.9
487.3

487.7
12.1
37.7
6.9
5.5
38.4
20.8
26.1
70.2
53.6
10.0
21.6
4.8
88.9
32.6

489.1
12.7
36.3
7.1
5.4
39.1
20.4
25.6
69.5
53.1
9.4
22.3
4.7
90.2
33.6

489.2
12.6
36.6
7.0
5.5
38.9
20.3
25.6
69.7
52.8
9.4
22.3
4.7
90.6
33.4

348.0
5.6
31.8
7.7
2.4
38.0
9.2
5.7
88.1
44.5
7.6
5.5
3.8
52.8
15.9

357.4
6.2
34.2
8.2
2.5
37.8
9.4
6.4
88.9
45.5
7.9
5.5
3.7
54.7
16.3

359.1
6.3
34.3
8.1
2.6
37.9
9.4
6.4
89.2
46.0
7.9
5.4
3.7
55.2
16.4

1.709.6
43.1
182.7
46.1
23.9
130.5
50.1
45.0
257.5
212.9
39.0
59.9
30.9
263.1
117.7

1,757.2
43.7
186.1
47.8
24.3
132.3
52.8
47.5
262.3
225.5
40.0
62.8
31.8
266.0
123.1

1,755.4
43.5
185.7
47.4
24.2
132.8
52.4
47.5
262.1
225.4
40.3
62.7
31.9
265.8
122.2

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

90.9
37.7
5.0
10.3
10.6
2.6

93.2
39.4
5.1
10.6
11.0
2.6

93.3
39.4
5.1
10.5
10.6
2.6

457.1
143.7
51.7
64.9
45.0
14.8

467.1
146.3
55.0
65.1
46.7
15.3

467.5
146.2
55.2
65.1
46.7
15.2

354.3
68.6
40.6
35.8
37.7
21.9

359.7
70.4
40.6
36.2
38.0
22.6

367.4
71.6
41.1
37.1
38.4
22.9

Alaska
Anchorage

12.8
7.7

12.7
7.5

12.8
7.7

71.6
38.0

70.3
38.1

73.7
39.0

76.4
29.5

76.2
29.4

77.7
29.8

138.5
117.5
13.0

145.5
123.6
13.8

145.8
124.1
13.9

675.4
489.8
113.3

721.6
526.0
119.6

723.5
526.6
119.9

357.1
192.2
73.4

373.8
195.9
78.3

378.4
200.5
79.6

46.0
5.4
3.2
18.3
1.2

47.0
5.6
3.2
18.2
1.2

47.0
5.7
3.2
18.1
1.2

271.1
29.3
27.2
92.7
8.8

278.7
31.1
27.1
94.1
8.9

279.9
31.3
27.1
94.7
8.9

190.0
19.5
10.2
60.2
8.0

195.5
20.2
10.7
61.4
8.2

198.5
20.6
10.9
61.6
8.4

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Fiancisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

820.2
7.3
14.1
233.1
4.6
57.1
104.8
32.0
50.4
6.3
68.6
107.7
33.1
7.4
10.2
8.5
6.5
15.0

828.8
7.1
14.5
235.6
4.6
55.6
106.2
32.6
51.1
6.7
68.5
106.4
33.4
7.7
10.1
8.6
6.7
14.9

831.5
7.2
14.4
236.2
4.7
55.7
106.6
32.6
51.1
6.7
68.7
106.9
33.4
7.7
10.2
8.7
6.9
14.9

4,373.2
47.3
74.0
1,322.0
36.1
304.6
414.1
248.4
190.1
35.5
381.4
391.2
330.2
50.1
51.8
45.2
45.9
76.6

4,514.3
48.7
76.3
1,343.1
37.5
309.1
426.7
261.2
201.7
36.6
386.1
394.5
341.8
51.3
51.9
46.4
45.9
79.7

4,542.0
48.5
76.2
1,351.8
37.7
310.3
428.7
260.7
197.7
36.9
387.5
395.8
342.7
51.5
52.1
46.3
46.5
79.7

2,275.5
50.9
70.3
569.2
24.1
177.3
144.2
183.8
180.4
29.6
203.3
127.6
93.0
33.2
28.2
36.2
34.0
44.1

2,343.8
52.2
72.8
591.6
25.9
179.6
150.0
191.0
184.8
30.6
207.5
135.6
94.5
33.5
28.6
37.2
35.0
45.5

2,394.1
53.0
74.0
607.7
26.3
182.4
153.7
194.6
187.4
30.9
212.2
138.3
96.3
34.0
29.4
37.8
35.7
45.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

140.2
6.8
13.8
92.1

140.9
6.7
14.2
92.3

139.7
6.7
14.0
92.6

642.6
56.0
77.5
353.5

669.9
58.1
78.3
364.5

664.8
58.3
79.5
368.7

335.0
27.7
37.2
152.3

343.7
27.9
37.7
156.1

346.7
28.0
37.8
157.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

139.9
11.3
5.2
72.6
12.9
3.8
26.5
3.9

140.2
11.7
5.7
72.8
12.6
3.8
28.0
4.0

140.5
11.8
5.8
72.7
12.5
3.8
28.0
4.0

526.5
62.3
25.5
179.5
91.9
35.8
77.8
27.0

536.0
62.1
26.1
182.1
93.5
36.3
78.9
25.9

538.8
62.8
26.1
183.2
94.0
36.4
79.6
26.2

238.1
21.5
11.1
98.4
32.5
36.9
18.5
13.4

246.0
22.5
11.6
99.7
33.8
37.5
18.5
13.4

247.9
23.3
12.1
101.4
35.1
38.0
19.7
14.6

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

48.3
2.1
42.6

50.9
2.1
44.7

50.9
2.1
44.7

116.3
13.6
93.7

118.7
14.8
96.7

120.5
15.3
97.3

56.0
15.9
40.9

58.5
16.5
42.3

59.7
16.3
42.8

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

30.8
144.8

31.5
146.8

31.6
147.1

273.5
1,041.4

278.6
1,086.7

275.5
1,089.5

221.4
592.2

220.4
593.8

222.0
594.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

445.9
6.9
49.2
9.5
5.3
55.5
8.6
6.3
66.7
57.4
6.1
11.8
6.7
84.1
33.6

458.5
6.9
50.2
9.9
5.4
56.7
8.5
6.4
68.7
60.0
6.3
11.9
7.0
86.3
34.0

460.7
6.9
50.3
9.8
5.4
56.8
8.6
6.4
68.8
60.5
6.3
11.9
7.1
86.8
34.1

2,512.4
56.9
233.4
51.2
36.7
177.0
51.2
65.2
328.5
367.2
53.5
127.3
43.8
472.8
186.3

2,691.5
58.7
243.1
53.7
38.4
190.1
54.6
69.0
341.0
391.8
58.0
139.8
45.7
512.4
198.5

2,699.9
58.8
243.5
53.2
38.3
191.9
54.2
69.2
340.4
393.0
58.1
139.0
45.8
513.8
197.2

982.9
23.6
85.5
26.0
39.6
67.9
26.7
25.0
139.8
90.8
29.4
24.3
60.3
135.9
56.7

1,010.7
24.3
88.5
27.4
40.8
67.8
27.2
26.0
144.0
93.9
29.6
24.4
61.8
141.0
57.3

1,031.9
24.9
90.8
27.7
42.3
69.4
27.9
26.8
147.4
95.9
30.1
25.1
62.2
144.5
58.1

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

See footnotes at end of table.




82

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

3,883.3
58.9
73.9
2,139.7
203.1
120.8
151.0
136.9

3,995.6
59.6
75.6
2,219.5
206.8
124.3
155.1
138.9

4,005.6
59.7
75.2
2,227.2
206.6
124.8
155.5
139.6

Hawaii
Honolulu

534.7
401.1

543.3
406.3

Idaho
Boise City

536.1
210.4

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

April
2000

May
1999

May
1999

May
2000P

7.7

April
2000

May
2000P

199.2
3.8
3.1
116.8
13.1
5.7
7.3
7.7

200.7
3.8
3.3
119.1
13.0
5.8
7.4
7.7

(1)

(1)

(1)

199.8
3.8
2.9
113.8
13.4
5.5
6.8
8.2

546.8
408.2

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

21.2
15.7

23.4
16.7

23.8
17.0

553.4
218.9

558.7
221.1

2.6

(1)

(1)

34.9
15.1

36.4
15.7

37.8
16.0

5,976.5
87.9
103.0
4,173.7
186.5
60.1
43.3
175.4
180.9
113.9

5,999.1
90.4
104.8
4,202.7
185.5
60.2
43.5
175.9
180.8
113.8

6,032.3
90.1
104.1
4,220.8
186.8
60.5
43.7
177.0
181.9
114.3

10.7
(\)
1
( )
1.9
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

10.8
<!>
1
( )
1.8
(1)
<;>
(1)

10.7

255.3
3.6
3.9
174.9
9.4
3.8
2.2
8.0
7.7
5.0

250.8
3.4
3.7
174.1
8.8
3.9
2.1
7.9
7.5
4.7

258.9
3.6
4.0
179.3
8.9
4.0
2.2
8.1
7.6
4.7

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,000.3
64.0
126.2
158.7
276.7
273.4
873.7
52.9
94.4
61.0
137.9
68.1

3,000.7
68.1
127.3
162.5
274.5
272.0
884.3
55.4
99.2
61.4
137.5
69.3

3,026.2
66.3
128.5
163.8
278.6
275.4
890.7
55.8
96.9
61.7
138.3
68.6

151.4
3.1
5.1
10.9
13.6
17.7
49.1
1.9
3.9
2.6
7.5
3.6

148.4
3.1
5.2
10.8
12.9
16.5
50.6
1.9
3.9
2.6
7.2
3.3

152.4
3.2
5.5
10.9
13.9
17.1
51.6
2.0
4.0
2.7
7.2
3.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,487.0
121.8
286.4
53.4
72.2
67.3
73.7

1,494.6
122.1
284.8
52.7
74.0
66.9
74.2

1,511.0
122.8
285.5
53.3
73.8
67.2
74.7

2.3

68.3
6.4
14.3
2.2
2.6
3.3
2.9

66.9
6.1
13.3
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.8

71.7
6.3
13.7
2.1
2.7
3.2
3.0

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,331.2
50.3
101.7
287.3

1,352.2
50.6
101.4
286.6

1,356.6
51.0
101.7
287.2

6.5

1.1

1.0

1.0

66.3
2.6
5.0
15.3

68.9
2.6
4.8
15.6

70.2
2.6
4.8
15.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1.806.5
287.4
579.1
45.3

1,836.1
292.9
590.3
46.1

1,852.9
294.1
595.7
46.7

21.7
.3
.7
.3

21.1
.2
.6
.2

21.0
.3
.6
.2

86.9
14.5
30.4
3.4

88.2
14.9
31.2
3.4

89.7
15.1
32.0
3.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,895.7
57.3
298.6
75.6
163.0
87.5
71.2
621.3
173.9

1,910.6
58.7
308.5
75.8
164.9
89.0
73.3
621.6
175.7

1,921.5
58.9
308.3
76.6
165.7
89.2
73.5
623.7
176.6

46.2
.1
1.0
5.5
12.3
1.3
.2
13.5
2.0

46.1
.1
1.0
5.9
12.5
1.4
.2
12.5
2.3

46.6
.1
1.0
5.9
12.5
1.4
.2
12.4
2.3

128.8
4.1
35.1
4.3
9.7
10.0
3.9
33.0
9.1

129.7
4.1
38.1
4.3
9.6
11.4
3.8
31.6
8.9

131.1
4.2
38.4
4.3
9.5
11.3
3.8
31.7
9.1

584.5
44.2
145.7

590.0
44.4
148.6

603.0
45.1
151.5

.1

28.1
1.8
6.9

28.6
1.6
7.3

30.4
1.8
7.7

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

,

See footnotes at end of table.




83

8.1
(2)
(1)

(2)
(1)
1.9
.3

1.9
.3
1

1

( )

( )

( )
1.0

2.5

(1)

(M
(1)
(1)

(J)
(1)1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6.2

6.1
(1)
(1)

1.1

(1)
(1)
1.0

(1)
(1)

1.0
(1)
(1)

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

1.0

2.5

6.9

(1)
(1)

1.8
.3
1

1.0

(1)
(1)

7.6
(2)
(1)

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

2.2

.8
(1)
(1)
(1)

(M
(2)
2.2

(1)

(1)

(1)

(J)
1
((])
)

(])
(1)

(])
(11)
()
(11)
()

(J)
((11))

(11)
()

6.4

6.3
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

.1
(2)
(2)

(1)
(1)

.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)

Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State a n d a r e a

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

598.3
8.3
11.8
226.9
29.4
21.7
19.0
17.9

604.9
8.1
12.1
227.2
29.2
22.1
18.8
18.1

605.3
8.2
11.9
227.3
29.2
22.2
18.8
18.0

256.5
3.6
1.9
183.1
18.4
4.2
5.9
9.1

262.5
3.6
2.0
189.2
18.9
4.4
6.2
9.2

263.8
3.6
2.0
190.4
18.8
4.5
6.1
9.3

960.6
13.9
17.6
557.2
43.0
26.3
34.7
35.2

1,005.3
14.1
17.0
581.8
44.5
26.8
35.2
36.1

1,008.6
14.2
17.0
582.9
44.6
26.8
35.7
36.3

16.3
12.7

16.8
13.1

16.7
13.0

41.1
32.0

41.2
31.9

41.1
31.6

131.5
95.5

134.4
98.1

134.0
97.6

75.2
36.4

75.9
36.9

76.4
37.1

26.5
10.9

27.2
11.4

27.2
11.4

135.4
50.4

137.6
53.0

139.2
53.5

955.1
9.0
12.0
637.9
31.3
14.3
7.0
33.9
52.2
4.4

950.2
8.7
12.3
636.7
31.5
14.2
7.0
33.4
51.6
4.5

951.3
8.8
12.3
636.9
31.4
14.2
7.2
33.6
51.6
4.4

347.5
3.0
3.5
256.7
10.5
5.4
2.3
10.2
8.8
4.6

349.5
2.9
3.6
259.0
10.5
5.4
2.4
10.3
8.9
4.6

349.6
2.9
3.6
259.2
10.5
5.3
2.3
10.3
8.8
4.6

1,343.2
18.0
21.9
925.9
48.3
12.9
11.2
41.0
38.4
22.8

1,337.4
18.0
22.1
926.5
48.2
12.7
11.4
40.9
38.1
22.6

1,346.9
18.0
22.2
930.4
48.7
12.9
11.5
41.1
38.3
22.9

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Garv
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

688.9
9.1
64.6
31.2
75.1
49.1
126.6
20.6
22.6
100
22.7
12.4

689.8
9.3
65.9
32.0
73.5
47.6
129.0
21.2
23.3
10.1
22.8
12.6

690.6
9.3
66.1
32.0
73.9
47.7
129.1
21.1
23.4
10.2
22.9
12.7

148.3
1.8
3.1
7.5
14.0
15.5
54.0
1.1
2.4
3.8
5.5
3.0

146.3
1.7
3.1
7.5
14.0
15.3
54.0
1.2
2.5
3.5
5.4
3.0

146.9
1.8
3.1
7.5
14.1
15.5
54.0
1.2
2.4
3.5
5.4
3.0

705.2
15.2
23.7
39.0
65.0
65.0
224.4
11.5
19.4
13.6
35.4
19.1

699.6
15.7
23.0
39.7
66.1
64.5
228.1
11.3
20.2
13.6
35.2
19.3

705.3
15.6
23.3
40.0
67.0
65.6
229.3
11.6
20.0
13.6
35.3
19.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

262.8
22.3
25.1
12.0
5.6
13.9
14.5

260.9
21.6
23.6
11.4
5.5
13.5
14.7

262.4
21.5
23.6
11.5
5.5
13.5
14.8

72.6
11.8
14.7
2.0
2.3
4.0
2.6

73.3
11.9
15.4
1.8
2.7
3.9
2.6

73.8
11.6
15.4
1.8
2.7
3.9
2.6

359.6
26.5
71.7
13.0
14.7
16.3
17.5

357.8
25.9
73.2
13.2
14.9
16.2
17.5

362.4
26.3
73.4
13.2
14.5
16.2
17.6

213.5
5.4
10.2
73.9

211.5
5.7
10.0
72.1

211.3
5.7
9.9
72.0

76.8
1.4
5.7
11.2

79.0
1.4
5.2
11.4

79.1
1.4
5.2
11.3

317.7
12.2
21.6
62.5

321.1
12.5
21.7
63.0

322.5
12.5
21.7
63.1

319.1
48.7
88.7
7.1

320.7
49.2
88.1
6.9

320.5
49.1
88.3
6.9

104.5
11.4
44.3
2.2

106.9
11.9
46.3
2.2

107.4
11.9
46.3
2.2

427.7
63.0
140.0
11.4

432.9
65.0
142.1
11.5

437.5
65.1
143.2
11.8

188.5
3.6
24.4
8.1
15.0
11.6
8.1
50.1
18.8

185.8
4.0
24.4
7.8
15.0
11.4
8.3
48.8
18.5

186.7
3.9
24.3
7.9
15.0
11.4
8.3
48.7
18.5

111.7
3.4
14.0
8.2
9.7
4.5
3.7
40.9
8.4

113.6
3.4
14.0
8.5
9.2
4.3
3.8
40.5
8.3

113.5
3.4
14.0
8.5
9.3
4.2
3.8
40.7
8.3

441.7
12.9
69.8
18.4
42.7
19.0
17.2
151.8
40.0

439.9
13.5
70.8
18.3
43.2
19.1
17.6
151.8
40.1

440.8
13.5
70.8
18.6
43.4
19.3
17.6
151.8
40.2

85.2
7.9
14.3

84.6
7.9
15.1

85.2
7.9
15.3

23.8
2.0
6.9

23.7
1.9
7.2

24.2
2.0
7.5

144.7
11.0
40.1

143.7
10.8
40.0

148.7
11.0
41.0

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
.
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
. . .
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

.

.

.

.

.

Idaho
Boise City

.

.

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal .
. . .
C h a m p a i g n - U rbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
. .
.
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

.

. . .

.

Kansas.
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
Kentucky
Lexinaton
Louisville
Owensboro
Louisiana
Alexandria
. .
Baton Rouoe
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

. . . .

.

»

.

See footnotes at end of table.




84

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry - - Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

202.7
1.8
2.3
137.3
6.0
8.2
8.9
4.6

204.6
1.7
2.4
138.0
6.0
8.2
9.5
4.6

204.8
1.7
2.5
138.1
6.0
8.2
9.5
4.6

1,064.6
15.1
17.6
658.6
51.4
33.2
41.3
41.4

1,103.5
15.5
18.2
690.0
53.3
35.1
43.1
42.3

1,107.3
15.5
18.4
694.7
53.3
35.3
43.0
42.7

592.7
12.4
19.8
260.9
41.2
21.7
33.4
20.5

607.9
12.8
20.8
274.6
41.5
22.0
34.0
20.9

607.5
12.7
20.1
272.9
41.4
22.0
34.0
21.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

34.9
28.0

34.5
27.4

34.6
27.6

174.7
124.6

175.9
125.2

177.0
125.8

115.0
92.6

117.1
93.9

119.6
95.6

Idaho
Boise City

23.5
11.3

23.4
11.5

23.5
11.4

131.0
53.5

140.3
57.3

140.0
58.1

107.1
32.8

110.1
33.1

112.0
33.6

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

405.2
18.1
3.8
311.3
8.1
2.0
1.8
7.9
7.4
7.8

405.5
19.0
3.8
315.2
8.1
2.0
1.8
8.2
7.5
7.7

406.0
19.0
3.8
315.0
8.1
2.0
1.8
8.2
7.5
7.8

1,821.1
22.0
22.4
1,363.3
51.6
15.0
11.8
54.4
47.8
35.0

1,844.2
22.8
22.7
1,391.3
51.5
15.2
11.8
54.3
48.7
35.3

1,849.0
22.5
22.8
1,391.2
51.9
15.2
11.8
54.7
49.0
35.4

838.4
14.2
35.5
501.8
27.3
6.7
7.0
20.0
18.6
34.3

850.7
15.6
36.6
498.1
26.9
6.8
7.0
20.9
18.5
34.4

859.9
15.3
35.4
507.0
27.3
6.9
6.9
21.0
19.1
34.5

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

142.3
2.4
3.1
7.5
14.5
9.1
64.5
1.6
3.8
1.9
6.8
2.4

142.5
2.4
3.1
7.9
14.6
9.3
66.0
1.6
4.0
1.9
6.7
2.3

143.1
2.4
3.2
7.6
14.8
9.3
66.4
1.6
4.0
1.9
6.8
2.3

738.3
14.2
18.8
45.6
66.7
78.0
244.2
9.1
19.3
16.1
45.9
16.5

746.7
14.6
19.3
46.8
65.9
79.4
243.2
10.0
19.0
16.3
45.7
16.5

753.1
14.5
19.3
47.6
66.4
79.9
245.2
9.9
19.1
16.1
45.8
16.5

419.0
18.2
7.8
15.9
27.8
39.0
110.1
7.1
23.0
13.0
14.1
11.1

421.3
21.3
7.7
16.8
27.5
39.4
112.6
8.2
26.3
13.4
14.5
12.3

428.6
19.5
8.0
17.2
28.5
40.3
114.3
8.4
24.0
13.7
14.9
11.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

85.0
6.7
40.2
1.9
2.6
2.9
3.1

85.4
7.2
39.0
1.9
2.6
2.8
3.0

85.7
7.2
38.9
2.0
2.6
2.8
3.0

390.7
36.2
83.6
18.4
15.5
19.0
20.2

399.6
37.2
83.0
18.5
16.7
19.4
20.3

401.1
37.5
82.7
18.6
16.6
19.3
20.3

245.8
11.9
36.8
3.9
28.9
7.9
12.9

248.5
12.2
37.3
4.0
29.2
8.1
13.3

251.6
12.4
37.8
4.1
29.2
8.3
13.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

62.6
2.2
6.5
11.5

63.7
1.9
6.6
11.7

63.8
1.9
6.6
11.7

342.6
11.9
30.8
77.5

350.9
11.6
31.4
76.7

351.2
11.9
31.5
76.8

245.4
14.6
21.9
34.3

250.7
14.9
21.7
35.1

252.0
15.0
22.0
35.6

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

71.1
10.3
29.9
1.9

71.9
10.4
29.9
2.0

72.2
10.4
30.0
2.0

464.6
81.2
172.0
11.6

479.3
83.6
178.2
12.0

481.8
83.7
180.1
12.1

310.9
58.0
73.1
7.4

315.1
57.7
73.9
7.9

322.8
58.5
75.2
8.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

85.0
2.6
16.9
2.1
6.2
2.5
5.6
30.9
6.5

84.7
2.6
16.3
2.0
6.4
2.4
5.8
31.0
6.5

84.9
2.6
16.4
2.0
6.4
2.4
5.8
31.0
6.4

521.4
16.9
77.4
14.9
43.0
24.8
19.4
196.8
56.1

534.0
17.2
79.9
14.5
44.1
25.2
20.5
199.4
57.4

535.3
17.1
79.8
14.6
44.3
25.1
20.6
199.1
57.3

372.4
13.7
60.0
14.1
24.4
13.8
13.1
104.3
33.0

376.8
13.8
64.0
14.5
24.9
13.8
13.3
106.0
33.7

382.6
14.1
63.6
14.8
25.3
14.1
13.4
108.3
34.5

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

31.1
2.4
13.7

30.9
2.4
13.3

30.7
2.5
13.4

173.4
14.1
45.1

177.1
14.5
46.0

180.5
14.6
46.8

98.1
5.0
18.7

101.3
5.3
19.7

103.2
5.3
19.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,391.4
1,221.4
405.3
891.1

2,435.3
1,232.8
413.2
918.8

2,454.2
1,239.0
415.4
928.9

Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,238.5
61.3
1,979.5
99.6
53.0
159.2
123.6
65.3
42.4
259.8
231.7

3,282.6
60.8
2,007.7
102.0
52.3
162.9
125.3
66.3
42.3
263.4
233.1

3,304.7
64.0
2,017.5
102.7
52.3
163.7
126.4
66.7
43.0
265.3
235.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,561.2
281.4
73.1
2,139.7
176.1
579.8
62.8
214.6
236.1
180.8

4,555.8
286.5
73.6
2,159.0
171.0
584.0
63.3
217.0
240.6
181.2

4,617.8
286.7
75.3
2,184.3
173.4
593.4
64.3
218.1
240.7
184.0

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,624.2
114.9
1,704.9
80.7
92.1

2,637.0
114.8
1,715.6
82.2
94.2

2,677.9
117.4
1,736.6
83.3
94.6

(2)
(1)
(1)

Mississippi
Jackson

1,159.7
231.8

1,157.8
228.5

1,160.2
228.7

(2)

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,744.3
967.7
1,329.5
168.8

2,754.7
977.5
1,336.9
170.9

2,769.4
982.8
1,345.7
172.3

Montana

382.4

387.1

394.2

5.2

5.0

5.1

20.0

19.9

20.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

893.5
152.4
414.5

893.8
155.4
416.7

897.2
156.0
417.5

1.2

1.2

1.3

43.6
7.4
21.8

42.7
7.9
21.5

43.8
8.1
21.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

981.9
712.2
187.0

1,011.7
736.7
193.3

1,023.4
744.4
195.5

11.2
1.8
.4

88.6
69.8
14.0

90.2
71.3
14.3

91.6
71.8
14.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

605.8
103.5
96.6
120.3

607.4
104.9
95.6
120.8

614.2
105.7
96.6
122.0

.4

24.9
5.0
3.2
4.2

25.5
5.2
3.4
3.9

26.4
5.3
3.5
4.0

3,869.2
184.1
666.1
495.1
247.6
632.9
377.4
984.0
200.2
59.4

3,907.6
179.3
670.4
500.3
249.5
644.9
376.8
1,001.8
203.1
59.9

3,942.9
186.6
673.1
504.3
251.6
649.4
385.3
1,008.8
203.8
60.8

2.0

140.8
6.8
24.4
23.4
5.4
20.2
18.7
34.6
5.0
2.2

145.6
6.9
24.9
24.2
5.4
20.8
19.1
35.5
5.1
2.3

731.7
344.9
55.0
73.6

740.7
351.2
57.1
74.8

746.9
354.4
57.1
75.8

43.7
22.1
3.5
4.3

44.4
22.4
3.5
4.2

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

May
2000P

See footnotes at end of table.




86

April
2000

May
1999

1.4
.4
1

.1
.1
.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

.1
.1
.2

195.8
11.2
2.5
83.3
7.7
28.0
2.8
9.0
9.2
9.9

185.4
10.6
2.5
79.3
7.2
27.2
2.8
8.8
8.8
9.8

198.3
11.6
2.6
84.3
7.9
28.6
3.0
9.4
9.5
10.6

7.5
4.6

112.8
4.6
72.6
3.2
4.2

109.3
4.2
70.2
3.2
4.1

120.2
4.7
76.3
3.6
4.7

5.8

55.9
11.4

53.6
11.3

53.6
11.2

5.2

136.7
52.5
73.4
7.9

138.9
51.6
75.4
8.2

140.9
53.0
77.2
8.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

.1
.1
.2
6.9

1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

7.6
4.9

7.3
4.7
(2)
(1)
(1)

(2)
(1)
(1)
5.7

4.9
(2)

(2)
5.2

5.1
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

0)
(1)

(1)
(1)

12.3
1.9
.5

(1)
(1)

11.2
1.8
.4

.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

128.4
3.4
74.8
4.6
1.8
6.9
5.7
2.9
1.9
9.9
8.6

1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

123.1
3.3
71.6
4.5
1.7
6.7
5.4
2.8
1.8
9.4
8.2

(1)
(1)

.9

(M
(11)
()

120.3
3.0
69.0
4.2
1.8
6.4
5.6
2.7
1.9
8.8
7.8

.6

6.8
(1)
(1)

(M
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()

1.5
(1)

.6

7.5
(1)
(1)

157.9
74.5
15.6
69.0

1.4
(1)

.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

155.9
73.4
15.3
68.2

( )
(1)

1.4
(1)

.4
1

(1)

)
)
1
)
1

(M
(1)
2.1

.3

.3

.3

138.5
6.8
23.6
23.0
5.2
19.8
18.8
33.6
4.8
2.0

13.5
(1)
1
( )
(1)

13.4
(1)
1
( )
(1)

13.6
(1)
1
( )
(1)

43.8
21.8
3.4
4.1

2.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(')

(1)
(1)
< >
.5

1

i1)

( )

.6

])
(1)

.5

(1)

( )
.9

.9

(M

(1)
1
)

1

(1)

May
2000P

150.3
69.7
13.6
65.8

1

( )
(1)

April
2000

1.4
.4

1.5
.4
1

( )
(1)

May
1999

May
2000P

1.0
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

176.4
97.9
29.2
39.9

177.6
96.4
29.0
41.3

177.8
96.8
29.0
41.5

111.4
58.4
18.6
37.5

113.6
60.1
18.1
38.8

115.3
60.3
17.9
38.7

549.4
277.8
63.0
201.2

556.8
280.5
64.4
203.1

561.4
282.6
65.2
204.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

433.2
2.5
212.4
11.3
13.1
39.4
27.6
13.0
7.4
38.1
39.4

430.7
2.7
210.1
11.6
12.6
39.3
27.6
13.0
7.1
38.6
38.4

430.7
2.7
210.3
11.5
12.6
39.2
27.6
12.8
7.1
38.7
38.5

140.0
3.1
86.7
4.9
2.0
5.8
7.1
3.5
1.4
10.2
10.2

139.7
3.0
85.9
4.8
2.1
5.9
7.2
3.3
1.5
10.3
10.6

141.0
3.1
86.4
4.8
2.0
5.9
7.1
3.3
1.5
10.4
10.7

733.7
20.4
423.3
32.8
12.8
36.7
28.0
17.1
10.0
61.2
52.3

731.9
19.8
425.4
32.9
12.9
37.5
28.7
17.3
10.3
63.2
52.4

739.9
21.2
427.6
33.3
12.9
38.2
28.9
17.6
10.4
63.7
53.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

982.3
54.4
19.5
449.4
36.6
160.0
12.2
49.1
28.8
39.6

965.2
54.7
19.6
447.9
31.3
161.3
12.4
48.3
28.4
38.2

971.7
55.0
19.6
449.0
31.3
163.0
12.6
48.8
28.5
38.6

176.5
6.4
3.3
95.2
5.7
20.6
3.6
7.6
6.5
6.7

177.6
6.7
3.5
95.4
5.7
21.1
3.7
7.6
6.6
6.7

179.2
6.6
3.6
95.9
5.8
21.3
3.7
7.7
6.7
6.7

1,063.8
55.8
16.3
489.1
44.4
146.8
15.8
48.4
51.9
45.5

1,060.9
56.2
15.9
498.1
43.8
148.3
15.8
48.9
52.7
45.4

1,076.8
56.8
16.4
505.5
44.9
151.2
16.0
49.9
53.4
46.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

437.1
8.0
275.2
12.8
17.1

435.2
8.1
277.4
12.1
17.1

436.5
8.3
278.2
12.0
17.2

132.0
8.1
94.1
2.5
3.5

131.3
7.9
95.5
2.4
3.5

132.6
8.1
95.8
2.4
3.5

621.0
28.2
397.4
15.1
26.7

621.6
27.4
394.8
15.1
26.4

629.5
28.1
398.5
15.2
26.6

Mississippi
Jackson

245.3
20.2

244.0
20.6

242.2
20.4

55.3
17.5

57.0
17.7

56.8
17.9

254.9
56.2

248.8
54.3

248.6
54.2

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

413.0
107.7
190.6
23.1

400.6
108.0
187.7
23.3

400.3
108.4
188.0
23.4

171.9
80.4
86.8
11.7

171.2
81.5
85.6
12.7

171.1
82.1
86.1
12.5

644.5
232.2
311.8
47.2

646.2
234.6
314.0
47.1

652.3
236.0
318.2
47.1

Montana

23.9

24.0

24.3

22.2

22.4

22.7

101.0

100.6

102.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

116.8
17.9
40.1

117.2
18.0
39.9

117.2
18.0
39.7

57.7
9.3
31.0

58.7
9.9
32.5

58.5
10.0
32.5

215.4
31.7
99.5

212.6
32.1
100.1

214.0
32.1
100.8

42.2
23.3
13.2

43.0
23.8
13.6

43.1
23.9
13.7

51.2
37.6
11.9

53.9
39.9
12.8

53.7
39.6
12.9

200.0
148.0
42.1

207.2
153.4
43.6

209.5
154.9
44.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

106.8
14.6
27.5
18.2

105.4
15.3
27.2
18.4

105.8
15.3
27.4
18.3

21.4
6.2
3.1
3.8

21.6
6.5
3.3
3.8

21.9
6.5
3.3
3.8

158.8
24.9
24.6
32.3

158.3
25.6
24.4
32.6

159.9
26.3
24.3
33.4

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millvilie-Bridgeton

467.9
6.1
103.6
54.2
27.6
90.5
20.3
133.3
16.4
12.4

461.5
6.2
101.0
55.1
25.2
89.5
20.0
132.2
16.2
12.2

462.6
6.0
101.2
54.8
25.3
90.1
20.1
132.1
16.2
12.4

263.9
6.8
37.2
22.9
30.1
48.9
19.9
84.3
7.3
2.8

265.0
6.6
37.3
22.9
31.0
48.7
19.5
86.4
7.2
2.7

265.0
6.8
37.1
23.0
31.0
48.6
19.7
86.6
7.3
2.8

899.4
38.6
179.8
130.4
57.8
145.5
101.5
197.5
33.3
11.7

911.5
35.7
181.0
132.3
58.8
149.3
100.3
203.2
34.3
11.9

922.4
39.6
181.8
133.8
58.7
150.5
104.0
205.4
34.5
12.0

42.1
26.6
3.1
1.8

41.3
26.8
3.0
1.7

41.7
26.9
3.0
1.7

35.5
18.7
2.0
1.2

36.2
19.4
2.0
1.2

36.4
19.4
2.0
1.2

171.1
81.6
11.3
15.2

171.8
81.4
11.6
15.5

173.9
82.5
11.7
15.8

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

139.6
75.3
34.0
52.6

140.2
75.3
34.2
53.2

139.8
75.6
34.5
53.1

813.1
421.9
160.5
315.4

831.9
423.4
164.9
328.8

836.9
426.3
165.8
331.1

449.8
220.0
86.4
178.7

457.8
223.3
87.3
185.4

463.7
222.5
87.4
190.7

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth . .
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield . . . .
Worcester

225.0
3.4
169.3
3.1
1.5
5.3
3.5
1.9
1.9
13.1
15.0

228.5
3.3
172.1
3.2
1.5
5.5
3.6
2.0
1.8
13.0
14.7

228.2
3.4
171.8
3.2
1.6
5.5
3.6
2.0
1.9
13.0
14.6

1,160.3
20.9
780.0
26.4
13.6
45.6
35.5
17.0
14.5
80.9
72.1

1,193.0
20.0
798.7
27.3
13.2
46.8
35.9
17.6
14.4
80.9
75.0

1,192.1
21.2
798.5
27.2
13.0
46.9
36.1
17.6
14.5
80.9
75.0

424.6
8.0
238.2
16.9
8.2
20.0
16.3
10.1
5.2
47.4
34.7

434.3
8.7
243.3
17.7
8.3
21.2
16.9
10.3
5.3
47.9
33.6

442.9
9.0
247.5
18.1
8.4
21.1
17.4
10.5
5.6
48.6
34.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Raoids-Muskeaon-Holland
Jackson
. .
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saainaw-Bav Citv-Midland

207.8
10.1
2.4
112.9
6.5
22.6
2.0
10.5
14.7
6.9

205.4
10.2
2.4
112.1
6.5
22.7
2.0
10.7
14.9
6.9

206.8
10.3
2.4
112.7
6.6
23.0
2.0
10.7
15.0
7.0

1,246.1
71.2
19.7
672.1
49.4
144.3
15.7
55.8
59.5
49.0

1,256.8
71.3
20.3
684.3
50.5
144.9
15.9
56.0
60.5
50.2

1,273.1
72.5
21.1
689.4
50.8
146.4
16.1
56.9
61.0
50.7

681.4
72.3
9.4
236.8
25.8
57.5
10.7
34.2
65.5
23.2

697.7
76.8
9.4
240.9
26.0
58.5
10.7
36.7
68.7
24.0

705.0
73.9
9.6
246.5
26.1
59.9
10.9
34.7
66.6
24.0

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneaoolis-St Paul
Rochester . . . .
St. Cloud

160.0
3.4
126.5
2.5
3.4

160.3
3.4
129.7
2.5
3.5

160.9
3.5
130.2
2.6
3.5

755.8
34.4
502.8
37.1
24.4

769.1
34.9
513.0
39.0
25.3

780.0
35.5
518.1
39.5
25.5

397.9
23.3
235.7
7.5
12.8

402.9
24.2
234.4
7.9
14.3

410.7
24.6
238.9
8.0
13.6

42.7
16.5

41.9
15.2

41.8
15.2

271.9
60.7

273.0
60.6

273.8
60.6

228.8
48.6

233.8
48.2

237.6
48.6

165.7
70.3
83.0
8.9

166.7
71.3
84.2
8.6

166.2
71.3
84.9
8.6

774.7
287.5
421.7
48.8

787.4
290.3
429.2
49.7

790.4
291.7
429.5
49.5

432.7
137.1
162.2
21.2

438.5
140.2
160.8
21.3

443.0
140.3
161.8
23.0

17.5

17.7

17.9

111.1

114.7

116.1

81.5

82.8

84.4

243.9
42.2
135.6

154.8
34.2
50.7

156.2
34.5
51.2

157.2
34.7
51.1

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
Nevada
Las Veoas
Reno

.
.

.

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
New Jersey
Atlantic-CaDe Mav
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
JersevCitv
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

,,.

-.

61.0
10.8
35.7

61.1
10.9
36.1

61.3
10.9
36.1

243.0
41.1
135.7

244.1
42.1
135.4

44.0
33.7
8.1

44.3
34.0
8.1

44.7
34.2
8.1

423.8
321.7
72.7

438.9
332.8
75.4

442.8
335.2
76.0

119.8
76.2
24.5

123.0
79.7
25.1

126.8
83.0
25.3

32.7
7.9
5.2
6.5

32.8
7.7
4.3
6.7

32.9
7.6
4.4
6.6

177.3
33.7
24.3
32.9

177.1
33.2
24.1
32.6

179.8
33.3
24.7
33.0

83.4
11.2
8.7
22.4

86.3
11.4
8.9
22.8

87.1
11.4
9.0
22.9

255.9
6.0
38.1
27.0
27.9
46.7
18.6
76.4
11.1
2.9

259.3
6.1
38.7
26.9
29.6
47.7
18.7
77.4
11.4
2.8

261.0
6.2
38.8
27.0
30.0
48.0
18.5
77.6
11.4
2.8

1,265.8
91.4
213.4
157.3
60.3
200.6
133.9
315.4
75.7
13.1

1.279.6
88.8
214.9
157.6
61.0
206.3
134.8
321.4
76.7
13.3

1,291.7
91.7
216.3
159.3
61.5
208.3
137.3
324.7
76.8
13.4

575.7
28.4
70.4
80.3
38.7
80.4
64.4
142.6
51.6
14.2

587.8
29.1
73.1
82.1
38.5
82.6
64.8
145.7
52.3
14.5

592.6
29.4
73.0
82.2
39.7
82.6
66.6
145.9
52.5
14.8

33.0
19.0
2.1
3.6

33.0
19.4
2.1
3.6

33.0
19.5
2.1
3.7

210.4
110.4
14.5
22.0

214.6
113.6
15.6
22.3

215.6
114.4
15.5
22.7

182.3
66.8
18.6
25.7

186.7
68.5
19.3
26.2

188.3
69.3
19.3
26.5

See footnotes at end of table.




88

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,472.6
454.7
118.0
559.6
113.6
44.5
50.6
1,197.6
4,138.4
3,597.9
129.1
555.6
109.3
351.2
135.4
408.7

8,574.6
456.2
119.2
553.6
115.9
44.4
49.7
1,217.7
4,220.7
3,672.7
129.4
554.4
111.3
353.6
135.2
413.8

8,670.9
462.1
121.3
564.1
117.0
44.8
52.0
1,233.7
4,252.3
3,698.3
131.4
562.5
112.4
357.9
137.6
418.4

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,869.2
111.3
812.7
663.4
667.9

3,926.1
112.1
823.1
674.3
680.5

3,943.1
112.5
824.6
675.6
680.3

(M
(11)
( 1)
)

327.3
51.7
100.9
47.9

324.6
51.5
100.5
48.0

327.9
51.8
101.0
47.9

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,579.0
334.0
184.6
877.3
1,173.9
861.0
478.6
128.7
80.1
81.6
51.2
330.0
250.3

5,582.7
338.5
188.8
891.9
1,171.8
862.9
481.2
130.6
81.3
81.2
50.9
332.4
250.1

5,634.8
342.2
190.5
898.9
1,184.7
865.9
483.1
130.6
82.8
81.6
51.4
335.4
252.9

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,466.4
24.2
38.2
528.6
396.4

1,485.7
24.2
38.7
540.5
397.2

1,499.1
24.2
39.1
544.2
400.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,568.9
142.4
71.1
939.9
134.4

1,586.7
142.9
72.9
964.9
135.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,612.5
279.8
61.0
134.6
360.6
88.7
221.4
2,372.0
684.7
1,112.1
168.3
280.0
49.9
69.6
54.0
167.7

5,628.0
280.6
61.6
136.2
362.2
88.9
225.5
2,406.3
692.4
1,112.4
169.8
282.4
50.2
71.4
55.0
168.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

May
2000P

(1)
<;>
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

M
)
(1)
M
0.)
1

.3
(1)

3.9

225.9
6.9
51.9
34.9
40.4

228.7
7.2
52.5
35.0
40.8

230.0
7.3
52.7
34.9
40.8

3.4

16.9
3.0
6.1
3.1

14.7
2.6
5.4
2.2

16.7
2.9
6.1
2.6

12.7
.6
.6
.7
.7
.6
.3

229.5
13.5
8.4
40.3
44.1
39.2
18.5
8.1
3.9
2.7
1.8
16.3
10.7

240.0
14.3
8.8
40.9
46.1
40.8
19.1
8.3
4.1
2.7
1.9
16.8
11.2

(])
(11)
(1)
(1)
((M)

.3
.4

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.0

3.9
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

{])
( 11 )
( )
3.5

(1)
(1)
1

331.8
18.7
4.7
22.3
4.9
2.3
2.4
63.9
151.1
119.0
4.8
20.4
4.9
15.1
4.0
24.9

.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

3.3
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

)

(M

13.3
.6
.5
.7
.8
.7
.3

12.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
.6
.3
(1)

May
200QP

315.5
17.0
4.2
19.6
4.7
1.9
2.2
62.3
147.5
116.4
4.5
18.9
4.6
14.0
3.4
24.2

(1)

.4

April
2000

312.9
17.7
4.6
22.1
4.7
2.0
2.4
59.8
142.2
112.0
4.9
20.1
4.7
14.3
3.7
23.1

(1)

.3

(1)

4.7
.6

4.5
.6

4.8
.6
(1)
(1)

May
1999

May
2000P

.4
.2
.4

.4
.2
.4

237.4
14.3
8.8
40.5
45.9
38.2
18.0
8.3
3.8
2.6
1.8
16.9
11.0

28.3
.6
.1
6.2
7.5

27.5
.6
.1
6.0
7.1

27.5
.6
.1
6.0
7.1

57.5
.9
1.4
21.0
18.1

59.3
.9
1.6
21.6
18.8

60.2
.9
1.6
21.8
19.2

1,599.1
144.2
73.9
968.6
135.9

1.8
.2
.1
1.2
.3

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3

80.9
7.0
3.3
51.3
7.3

81.8
6.8
3.4
51.6
7.3

83.1
7.0
3.5
52.5
7.4

5,646.3
283.8
61.3
137.2
364.6
89.9
226.1
2,424.4
695.4
1,122.9
171.5
283.9
50.3
70.9
54.8
170.4

20.7

19.7

20.0
<;>
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
(1)
1
( )
4.6
(1)
.5
(1)
1
( )
(1)
.4

240.6
12.1
2.9
5.1
14.2
4.5
13.7
95.4
12.7
56.8
7.5
11.4
1.9
2.6
2.2
9.2

237.9
12.5
2.9
4.6
14.4
4.4
14.1
95.2
12.1
56.5
7.1
11.2
1.8
2.4
2.2
9.3

245.4
12.9
3.0
5.2
14.6
4.6
14.2
97.6
12.7
59.3
7.4
11.8
2.0
2.5
2.3
9.6

See footnotes at end of table.




April
2000

May
1999

89

(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
.2
.5

< >
(1)
(1)
1
1

.4

)

)

4.7
(1)

(])
(1)

0)
(11)
()
(11)
()

.5

(1)
(1)
4.5
(1)
.4

.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
.4

.4

(1)
(1)
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

893.0
38.6
24.7
86.4
17.1
9.3
7.8
113.0
301.9
252.1
11.3
117.2
11.5
51.6
19.7
36.5

881.2
38.4
24.9
85.9
17.4
8.8
7.7
113.6
296.7
247.2
11.4
114.8
11.4
50.8
19.4
36.1

883.1
38.5
25.1
86.0
17.3
8.6
7.8
113.4
297.5
248.1
11.4
114.6
11.5
51.2
19.5
36.0

421.2
17.9
5.1
26.7
4.1
1.5
1.5
56.0
234.8
206.7
7.6
18.3
6.2
20.4
4.2
21.1

421.1
18.4
5.0
26.5
4.2
1.5
1.4
57.5
235.5
207.8
7.7
18.7
6.1
20.7
4.3
20.9

423.6
18.7
5.0
27.0
4.2
1.5
1.6
58.0
237.1
209.0
7.8
18.8
6.1
20.7
4.3
21.2

1,705.4
94.3
24.5
130.5
21.5
10.5
11.5
301.5
721.8
606.3
34.8
119.4
24.5
80.0
28.1
86.7

1,707.6
92.5
25.1
128.4
21.7
10.0
11.4
306.5
726.6
609.9
35.3
118.4
25.5
78.7
27.7
86.5

1,733.9
94.2
25.6
130.5
22.2
10.3
12.0
312.2
731.9
614.1
35.8
121.5
25.5
80.6
28.5
87.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

803.6
18.5
138.2
159.3
83.2

786.3
17.8
134.9
155.5
83.8

786.2
17.8
134.3
155.6
83.9

176.2
5.1
54.6
34.9
29.6

178.7
5.1
55.9
36.3
30.2

179.6
5.2
55.9
36.3
30.5

872.7
26.2
192.9
148.2
140.6

880.9
26.3
192.6
149.9
143.5

885.4
26.4
192.8
149.9
143.4

24.3
3.0
8.0
3.9

23.9
3.0
7.7
3.9

24.2
3.1
7.8
4.0

18.5
3.2
5.2
2.1

18.5
3.3
5.1
2.0

18.6
3.3
5.1
2.1

82.3
12.5
28.4
13.2

81.4
12.4
28.0
13.1

81.8
12.4
27.9
13.1

1,087.6
65.1
46.5
140.5
222.2
93.1
95.6
23.1
20.2
23.5
13.1
61.5
54.8

1,079.6
65.6
47.1
141.7
221.6
92.7
94.5
23.1
20.1
22.6
13.2
61.6
54.4

1,076.1
65.4
47.2
141.5
220.8
92.4
94.4
22.8
20.2
22.6
13.2
62.0
54.4

245.2
15.1
5.0
48.3
46.4
40.5
21.3
4.9
3.3
3.4
2.6
15.3
10.1

247.2
16.3
5.3
50.7
46.6
40.5
22.2
5.0
3.4
3.4
2.5
15.6
10.2

248.4
16.4
5.3
50.8
46.7
40.5
22.3
4.9
3.4
3.4
2.6
15.7
10.1

1,338.1
82.5
45.5
219.7
276.2
222.5
109.8
33.5
18.3
18.3
10.6
80.2
62.7

1,329.5
83.5
47.0
222.9
274.7
218.3
109.3
33.7
18.7
18.5
10.3
80.1
63.1

1,346.5
84.3
47.4
225.0
278.7
220.7
110.0
33.9
19.6
18.5
10.4
81.3
63.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

184.2
2.4
3.8
56.2
56.4

183.9
2.6
57.3
54.7

184.2
2.6
3.7
57.4
54.9

81.7
2.2
1.7
24.5
32.5

81.7
2.2
1.6
25.2
32.5

82.1
2.2
1.6
25.4
32.7

336.8
6.4
8.8
122.8
91.5

341.2
6.2
8.9
124.4
91.9

343.5
6.2
9.1
125.0
92.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

237.8
22.7
8.9
144.5
16.5

238.6
23.2
9.3
144.8
16.2

238.9
23.3
9.4
145.1
16.1

77.1
4.3
3.7
54.5
4.0

79.3
4.1
3.8
56.7
3.9

79.3
4.2
3.9
56.8
4.0

384.6
35.2
20.3
232.1
28.3

385.1
35.4
20.4
237.2
28.3

388.9
35.6
20.8
238.3
28.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

928.6
55.4
10.6
34.3
44.2
13.4
57.1
302.0
57.5
137.5
41.5
53.9
11.3
8.4
13.4
46.4

926.7
54.1
10.2
33.3
44.0
13.2
57.2
307.8
56.9
138.1
42.3
53.8
10.8
8.4
13.7
46.0

929.2
54.5
10.1
33.2
44.2
13.1
56.9
307.0
57.1
138.2
42.4
53.9
10.8
8.4
13.6
46.4

295.8
16.2
4.4
4.8
24.8
5.4
8.4
113.4
35.6
69.6
8.8
16.7
2.0
2.2
2.0
8.6

300.5
16.5
4.5
4.8
24.9
5.4
8.4
116.0
35.3
68.7
8.9
16.5
2.0
2.3
2.0
8.2

301.2
16.7
4.4
4.7
25.0
5.5
8.5
116.0
35.7
68.7
8.9
16.5
2.0
2.4
2.1
8.4

1,253.8
59.4
16.3
30.3
81.0
20.7
55.0
516.4
117.2
260.1
38.8
66.4
12.7
13.2
13.2
40.4

1,244.1
59.1
16.4
30.7
81.8
20.4
56.0
517.4
117.2
258.4
38.7
65.8
12.8
13.3
13.1
40.6

1,255.2
59.8
16.4
31.0
82.6
20.9
56.8
523.4
118.9
262.2
39.0
66.5
13.0
13.4
13.2
41.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massiilon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

3.8

See footnotes at end of table.




90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance.
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

744.1
25.9
4.1
30.6
5.1
1.3
2.4
84.1
518.0
483.7
5.9
21.1
5.6
18.2
8.0
27.5

747.8
25.7
4.6
30.7
5.1
1.3
2.5
85.3
521.4
486.3
5.9
21.1
5.8
18.4
7.9
28.1

750.4
25.7
4.6
30.8
5.2
1.2
2.5
86.3
522.1
486.8
6.0
21.3
5.9
18.4
7.9
28.2

2,930.0
147.7
32.0
172.9
38.5
12.4
14.7
392.1
1,570.5
1,373.7
35.9
174.4
36.9
105.4
42.8
152.1

3,015.6
150.4
32.4
173.6
39.9
13.3
13.7
397.1
1,635.3
1,433.6
36.1
174.8
37.6
108.3
43.9
156.3

3,034.3
151.6
32.9
175.5
39.9
13.2
14.8
400.8
1,635.5
1,432.4
36.6
178.2
37.8
109.0
44.3
157.4

1,461.2
112.0
23.0
90.4
22.6
7.5
10.3
191.1
649.2
563.1
28.7
84.7
19.9
61.3
28.9
61.7

1,481.3
113.2
23.0
88.9
22.9
7.6
10.8
195.4
657.7
571.2
28.5
87.3
20.3
62.7
28.6
61.7

1,509.1
114.1
23.4
92.0
23.3
7.7
10.9
199.1
677.1
588.6
29.0
87.3
20.7
62.9
29.1
63.1

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

185.1
4.1
64.9
35.4
31.6

187.8
4.2
65.0
35.1
32.2

187.7
4.3
65.1
34.7
32.2

993.0
34.4
215.5
179.9
217.6

1,026.1
34.8
221.9
184.5
221.0

1,030.4
34.6
222.0
185.9
221.7

608.7
16.1
94.7
70.8
124.9

633.7
16.7
100.3
78.0
129.0

639.9
16.9
101.8
78.3
127.8

16.2
2.4
7.0
1.4

16.4
2.4
6.9
1.3

16.3
2.4
6.9
1.3

92.0
16.8
31.1
12.5

92.0
16.8
31.5
12.6

92.3
16.8
31.8
12.6

73.6
10.8
15.1
11.7

74.4
11.0
15.9
12.9

74.6
10.9
15.4
12.2

306.0
13.6
6.7
54.9
79.6
77.4
18.8
7.6
21
2.6
1.4
11.1
9.3

311.2
14.0
6.8
56.6
79.8
79.5
18.7
7.6
2.0
2.4
1.4
11.0
9.3

312.9
14.0
6.8
56.8
80.8
79.7
18.5
7.5
2.1
2.5
1.4
11.1
9.4

1,562.3
92.5
50.7
268.6
355.5
248.7
142.0
30.2
21.8
19.9
14.7
95.9
69.1

1,573.9
95.3
52.5
271.1
355.2
250.4
145.3
30.7
22.5
20.2
14.7
97.3
69.5

1,584.3
96.4
52.7
274.0
357.7
251.5
144.3
31.1
22.5
20.2
14.7
97.6
70.2

789.1
50.3
20.9
104.1
147.3
139.9
72.8
21.1
10.6
11.3
6.6
48.9
32.8

799.2
49.7
21.1
107.9
149.1
141.7
72.4
22.4
10.7
11.4
6.6
50.3
32.5

813.9
50.8
21.7
109.2
153.2
139.7
74.2
22.1
10.9
11.7
6.8
50.7
33.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

73.4
1.1
1.8
30.2
21.6

74.6
1.1
1.7
30.5
22.5

74.9
1.1
1.7
30.5
22.6

417.8
6.5
8.7
162.4
124.9

426.6
6.5
9.1
166.8
125.6

430.2
6.4
9.1
168.3
126.2

286.7
4.1
11.9
105.3
43.9

290.9
4.1
11.9
108.7
44.1

296.5
4.2
12.2
109.8
45.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

95.5
7.2
3.2
66.6
6.9

94.4
7.2
3.2
65.9
6.8

94.6
7.3
3.2
66.1
6.7

423.1
38.9
19.8
266.4
32.0

435.8
38.9
20.6
277.9
33.4

435.8
38.9
20.6
276.8
33.3

268.1
26.9
11.8
123.3
39.1

269.9
27.1
12.1
129.7
39.4

276.7
27.7
12.4
131.9
39.5

324.3
14.6
1.8
5.4
24.4
4.0
10.1
163.6
50.1
66.7
8.3
13.8
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.2

323.9
14.9
1.8
5.6
24.6
4.1
10.4
164.9
49.2
67.3
8.3
14.7
1.6
2.2
2.3
5.3

324.7
14.9
1.8
5.7
24.5
4.1
10.6
165.8
49.3
67.6
8.4
14.8
1.6
2.2
2.3
5.3

1,826.2
90.2
16.5
39.0
104.5
26.2
57.3
880.2
293.2
391.3
43.5
82.0
14.8
14.4
14.5
40.7

1,830.1
91.2
16.9
41.0
104.2
26.8
58.7
899.2
300.6
392.5
44.1
83.8
15.3
14.7
15.3
41.8

1,829.8
92.1
16.9
41.2
105.3
26.9
58.3
902.9
296.7
393.2
44.6
83.3
15.1
14.6
14.8
41.9

722.5
31.9
8.5
15.7
67.5
14.5
19.4
301.0
118.4
125.4
19.9
35.3
5.7
26.6
6.4
16.8

745.1
32.3
8.9
16.2
68.3
14.6
20.2
305.8
121.1
126.4
20.4
36.2
5.9
28.1
6.4
16.7

740.8
32.9
8.7
16.2
68.4
14.8
20.3
311.7
125.0
129.1
20.8
36.6
5.8
27.4
6.5
17.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

468.0
524.5

468.8
521.5

474.4
526.9

1,841.3
244.7
302.1
480.1

1,875.7
253.4
308.9
485.3

1,893.2
257.0
311.5
488.8

(1)
(1)
(1)

377.4
50.1
111.9

377.7
49.4
112.7

382.9
50.4
114.2

(1)
(1)

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,677.2
230.5
199.1
332.2
583.6
662.8

2,707.9
232.6
197.7
329.5
596.3
682.2

2,723.5
233.4
197.9
333.1
598.5
685.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9,130.9
56.1
98.4
630.9
158.9
74.6
102.7
75.3
158.1
1,896.5
250.7
764.3
88.8
2,015.7
102.2
65.0
90.7
117.0
146.3
100.0
43.0
704.5
45.1
52.0
80.6
36.3
98.9
59.0

9.353.2
57.5
99.5
659.9
157.3
74.2
106.5
77.0
158.9
1,953.8
254.8
784.8
88.6
2,067.2
104.0
67.2
91.5
120.7
154.0
100.0
43.6
716.9
46.1
52.8
82.2
37.7
101.4
59.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

1,044.7
143.9
701.6

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ".."...!
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

April
2000

May
1999

.2
.3

.2
.3

1.9

1.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4.3

May
2000P

17.9
19.7

17.9
18.7

18.5
19.3

1.9

112.6
18.7
17.1
32.1

118.5
19.3
18.2
33.0

119.6
19.4
18.4
32.8

1.2

18.0
3.3
5.7

17.1
3.1
5.1

17.9
3.2
5.5

4.3

127.2
9.8
11.0
16.6
27.4
34.1

129.8
9.8
10.9
16.6
27.9
34.8

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

124.3
10.0
11.7
17.0
26.8
33.4

9,418.0
57.3
100.1
663.1
158.3
74.2
107.1
77.4
160.1
1,967.3
256.5
790.8
89.9
2,082.4
104.2
68.1
92.1
121.3
153.8
100.7
43.4
721.3
46.4
53.0
82.8
38.1
101.6
596

144.5
.8
.6
1.3
.9
1.4
(1)
.7
2.1
10.1
(1)
4.2
.5
62.9
1
( )
1.1
3.1
.1
1.2
10.4
.5
1.9
1
( )
(1)
1.4
1.5
1
( )
.9

143.2
.7
.6
1.3
1.0
1.4
(1)
.7
1.9
9.8
(1)
3.9
.5
62.2
1
( )
.9
3.1
.1
1.2
10.7
.6
2.0
1
( )
(1)
1.3
1.6
1
( )
.9

143.6
.7
.6
1.3
.9
1.4
(1)
.7
1.9
9.8
(1)
3.9
.5
62.5
1
( )
.9
3.1
.1
1.3
10.7
.6
1.9
1
( )
(1)
1.3
1.6
1
( )
.9

524.4
2.4
5.3
36.8
16.1
9.4
3.7
3.5
12.3
97.9
12.7
40.8
4.5
146.6
4.6
2.5
4.5
4.3
7.7
5.4
2.1
37.3
2.8
2.0
3.4
2.5
5.2
2.2

550.8
2.4
5.6
39.2
15.7
9.8
3.9
3.3
12.8
105.5
13.6
43.5
4.6
153.0
4.8
2.6
4.6
4.3
8.5
5.1
2.2
38.5
2.8
2.1
3.6
2.8
5.7
2.0

555.3
2.3
5.6
39.6
15.6
9.6
3.9
3.4
12.5
106.4
13.7
44.3
4.6
154.1
5.0
2.6
4.7
4.4
8.6
5.3
2.2
38.6
2.8
2.1
3.6
2.9
5.6
2.0

1,067.3
149.2
713.8

1,071.2
147.5
718.1

8.0

(1)

71.5
10.3
46.9

73.4
10.2
47.4

75.6
10.4
48.6

289.1
32.4
104.6

292.6
32.9
106.5

295.2
33.5
107.4

Virginia
Bristol
Chariottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,406.2
38.6
86.2
46.0
101.7
688.9
1,078.3
547.4
144.1

3,468.3
39.7
88.8
46.6
104.6
697.2
1,116.6
561.0
144.2

3,477.8
39.9
88.0
46.9
105.0
703.1
1,123.8
562.5
144.9

Washington
Seattle-Beilevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,642.2
1,378.6
191.2
239.3

2,671.4
1,394.9
193.7
243.3

2,705.8
1.411.5
195.9
244.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




92

(1)
(1)

4.3

April
2000

.2
.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
1.1

1.3

May
1999

May
2000P

(1)
(1)
.6

(1)
(1)

7.8

7.9
(1)

2.9
.6
(1)
(1)

(1)
3.0

3.0

.6

.6

15.0
1.6
5.6

13.7
1.6
5.9

15.4
1.8
6.0

9.5

198.8
1.5
4.8
2.4
6.2
41.0
62.5
34.7
9.2

202.9
1.3
4.9
2.1
6.1
42.6
66.1
35.5
9.1

204.5
1.3
5.1
2.2
6.2
42.9
67.3
35.5
9.0

150.6
76.3
11.0
14.6

155.1
78.1
10.9
15.4

159.7
81.5
11.4
15.5

(1)
(1)
9.9

(1)
(1)
< )
(1)
(1)

(1)
9.5

(1)
(1)
< )
(1)
(1)
.8
.9

1

(1)
(1)
< >
(1)
(1)
1

( )

( )
3.4
.7

(1)

3.3
.7

3.3
.7
(1)

(1)
.2

.8
.9

.8
.9
1

( )

.5

.5

.2

.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

75.1
96.4

73.1
95.7

73.3
95.8

16.1
18.1

15.9
18.1

16.4
18.3

102.9
120.1

104.9
120.2

106.3
120.9

345.2
22.2
27.1
118.7

341.9
22.8
27.0
118.2

341.5
22.8
27.1
118.0

87.3
12.9
13.4
20.3

89.1
13.7
13.8
20.7

89.3
13.7
13.9
20.7

440.8
61.2
68.4
122.6

448.8
62.8
71.6
124.9

453.9
63.8
72.1
125.6

50.3
4.6
14.7

48.9
4.4
13.8

48.7
4.3
14.0

16.7
2.1
6.7

16.8
2.1
6.6

16.8
2.1
6.6

91.6
14.3
27.6

91.7
14.2
28.3

93.7
14.7
28.7

508.9
44.0
48.2
48.9
63.0
95.4

506.6
44.9
46.5
48.7
62.5
97.3

506.3
44.9
46.5
48.7
62.3
96.6

171.5
19.4
8.1
14.6
69.9
33.9

171.8
19.1
8.2
14.6
71.5
35.2

172.7
19.1
8.2
14.5
72.8
35.5

623.4
48.9
45.6
88.2
144.3
157.9

630.7
49.6
45.8
87.3
148.2
165.3

633.2
49.8
45.8
88.4
148.8
167.6

1,079.8
3.6
9.3
78.8
24.4
14.7
12.9
5.0
13.5
248.8
39.4
111.0
8.1
206.9
9.2
1.7
18.6
7.0
12.5
6.5
4.6
53.7
9.6
5.7
11.3
2.9
16.7
8.6

1,075.3
3.7
8.9
82.3
23.0
13.6
12.7
5.5
13.2
249.2
37.6
109.8
7.8
205.3
9.3
2.0
18.0
7.2
12.2
6.5
4.8
54.7
9.8
5.8
11.5
2.9
16.3
8.0

1,079.3
3.7
8.9
83.2
23.2
13.6
12.9
5.5
13.2
249.9
37.7
110.2
7.8
205.7
9.2
2.0
18.0
7.2
12.2
6.5
4.7
54.9
9.8
5.8
11.6
2.9
16.3
8.0

557.7
2.6
5.2
21.4
7.6
2.8
5.1
1.6
6.7
128.9
14.5
74.5
3.7
145.0
3.5
11.7
4.1
6.1
5.7
3.8
2.9
33.7
1.7
2.6
3.4
1.6
4.3
2.5

575.8
2.6
5.4
23.1
7.6
2.7
5.4
1.7
6.9
132.2
15.7
77.2
3.6
149.5
3.5
12.3
4.1
6.6
6.4
3.9
2.8
34.7
1.8
2.7
3.4
1.7
4.6
2.5

579.0
2.6
5.4
23.0
7.7
2.7
5.4
1.7
6.9
133.6
15.8
77.3
3.6
150.4
3.5
12.5
4.2
6.7
6.4
4.0
2.8
34.6
1.8
2.7
3.4
1.7
4.6
2.5

2,165.4
14.7
26.9
139.8
36.4
15.6
24.6
15.3
36.8
460.7
59.1
189.6
20.2
459.2
24.3
17.2
22.9
32.5
39.8
27.3
10.0
169.8
10.0
13.7
22.0
9.6
22.4
14.0

2,224.0
14.8
27.2
146.1
36.5
15.6
26.0
15.6
36.9
471.0
59.9
195.0
20.6
472.9
24.4
17.7
22.9
33.3
41.9
27.4
10.1
172.8
9.9
13.9
22.6
9.8
22.6
14.2

2,238.4
14.9
27.3
147.2
36.8
15.7
26.1
15.6
37.2
474.0
60.4
196.2
21.1
476.2
24.4
17.9
23.0
33.4
41.5
27.5
10.1
173.4
9.9
13.9
22.7
9.9
22.6
14.4

132.5
18.2
84.3

132.9
18.3
84.0

132.8
18.6
83.9

58.8
2.3
46.9

59.7
2.2
46.9

59.5
2.2
47.0

246.9
34.0
166.0

249.7
34.2
166.9

251.5
34.7
167.9

47.8
3.7
18.7

47.6
3.8
19.7

47.8
3.8
19.9

12.3
1.1
5.1

12.6
1.1
4.7

12.7
1.1
4.8

65.7
7.1
22.7

66.5
7.1
22.4

67.3
7.3
22.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

392.2
9.2
8.3
14.3
25.2
64.2
40.6
60.5
19.2

394.4
9.5
8.3
14.7
24.7
69.5
38.6
61.2
18.9

393.1
9.5
8.3
14.8
24.8
69.3
38.3
61.3
18.9

176.7
1.3
2.5
1.0
3.7
32.1
68.4
27.4
8.9

183.5
1.4
2.5
1.0
3.7
34.7
71.7
28.7
8.8

184.0
1.4
2.5
1.0
3.7
34.8
70.8
28.7
8.8

746.7
10.7
16.8
10.1
21.4
164.1
220.6
126.4
35.8

747.7
11.2
17.6
10.3
22.2
161.2
222.2
126.6
36.3

752.4
11.1
17.6
10.4
22.2
163.2
223.8
127.9
36.4

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

365.3
216.6
21.9
24.4

350.5
203.2
21.8
24.0

352.5
203.2
21.9
23.9

138.3
83.1
8.0
9.7

139.5
85.9
8.2
9.3

140.4
86.2
8.1
9.3

630.7
322.2
48.0
58.2

641.4
332.1
49.1
59.0

649.9
336.9
50.1
59.4

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick "".!!."!
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Oenison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

29.5
31.0

29.7
31.3

29.6
31.3

161.3
171.7

162.5
170.4

163.2
171.6

65.0
67.2

64.6
66.8

66.9
69.4

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

81.6
8.9
22.7
16.1

83.0
8.8
23.4
16.4

83.6
8.9
23.4
16.5

451.7
69.9
75.9
108.8

463.6
75.8
78.6
111.0

468.2
77.3
79.4
112.6

320.2
50.9
77.5
61.5

328.9
50.2
76.3
61.1

335.2
51.1
77.2
62.6

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

24.1
2.9
13.0

25.5
3.3
13.9

25.6
3.3
14.0

101.5
15.4
33.9

102.3
14.5
34.4

103.2
15.1
34.5

73.9
7.5
10.3

74.3
7.8
10.6

75.8
7.7
10.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

131.0
16.6
7.9
15.3
28.9
42.6

130.3
16.7
7.9
15.4
28.7
44.0

130.4
16.8
7.9
15.4
28.8
43.9

719.5
58.4
47.0
92.0
169.4
213.2

732.2
59.0
48.2
90.7
171.9
218.7

736.5
59.3
48.2
92.2
172.4
218.9

394.3
33.2
30.6
55.6
81.3
85.4

404.8
33.5
30.1
55.7
86.1
87.6

410.3
33.7
30.4
56.8
85.5
88.4

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

512.4
2.5
5.4
33.1
5.3
2.0
3.9
2.7
6.4
154.5
9.9
36.2
6.3
111.5
4.3
2.5
3.7
6.0
5.3
3.9
1.8
48.5
2.7
1.7
4.1
1.5
6.5
2.3

529.8
2.5
5.5
34.7
5.3
2.0
3.9
2.8
6.3
158.8
9.9
37.1
5.6
117.0
4.7
2.7
3.8
6.1
5.5
4.0
1.7
51.4
2.9
1.8
4.0
1.5
6.6
2.3

531.4
2.5
5.5
34.8
5.3
2.0
3.9
2.8
6.4
159.4
9.9
37.5
5.7
117.4
4.7
2.7
3.8
6.2
5.5
4.0
1.7
51.4
3.0
1.8
4.0
1.5
6.7
2.3

2,588.0
19.4
28.3
185.0
41.1
14.0
28.5
16.0
49.5
586.0
59.7
210.4
19.9
617.5
28.0
12.9
22.0
34.9
34.6
23.8
12.1
223.5
12.2
14.8
23.7
10.1
29.0
15.7

2,652.6
20.6
28.4
193.7
40.7
14.5
29.8
16.7
49.5
608.2
61.1
216.8
20.4
630.6
28.9
13.4
22.7
36.8
36.3
23.6
12.3
228.4
12.5
15.0
23.9
10.4
30.2
16.2

2,663.7
20.2
28.7
194.5
40.6
14.2
29.7
16.8
49.8
611.1
61.7
217.7
20.6
634.0
28.8
13.6
22.7
36.7
36.3
23.7
12.2
229.4
12.5
15.1
24.0
10.5
30.1
16.3

1,558.7
10.1
17.4
134.7
27.1
14.7
24.0
30.5
30.8
209.6
55.4
97.6
25.6
266.1
28.3
15.4
11.8
26.1
39.5
18.9
9.0
136.1
6.1
11.5
11.3
6.6
14.8
12.8

1,601.7
10.2
17.9
139.5
27.5
14.6
24.8
30.7
31.4
219.1
57.0
101.5
25.5
276.7
28.4
15.6
12.3
26.3
42.0
18.8
9.1
134.4
6.4
11.5
11.9
7.0
15.4
13.0

1,627.3
10.4
18.1
139.5
28.2
15.0
25.2
30.9
32.2
223.1
57.3
103.7
26.0
282.1
28.6
15.9
12.6
26.6
42.0
19.0
9.1
137.1
6.6
11.6
12.2
7.1
15.7
13.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

56.5
4.5
46.3

56.4
4.6
46.1

56.5
4.6
46.2

286.7
54.7
190.6

299.9
59.1
198.0

297.0
56.3
198.3

184.0
19.9
117.7

187.4
20.6
121.5

190.3
20.7
123.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.6
2.4
5.2

12.4
2.5
5.4

12.5
2.5
5.5

85.6
8.6
30.9

88.8
8.8
31.5

87.8
8.9
31.8

49.5
7.9
16.4

50.4
8.0
16.9

51.1
8.1
16.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

183.7
1.2
4.8
1.5
4.3
35.6
60.1
47.6
10.3

185.7
1.3
4.7
1.5
4.3
34.8
60.8
50.1
10.1

186.6
1.3
4.7
1.5
4.3
35.1
61.0
50.4
10.2

1,085.1
8.8
21.6
10.5
27.7
207.9
442.4
146.9
42.7

1,116.6
9.1
22.4
10.9
29.9
206.3
466.5
150.4
43.0

1,119.7
9.1
22.5
10.8
29.8
208.3
470.4
149.8
43.2

613.1
5.9
27.4
6.2
13.2
144.0
182.9
103.0
18.0

628.0
5.9
28.4
6.1
13.7
148.1
189.9
107.6
18.0

628.0
6.2
27.3
6.2
14.0
149.5
191.4
108.0
18.4

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

137.7
84.6
11.1
12.8

138.6
84.3
11.1
12.5

139.5
84.9
11.1
12.6

735.2
406.1
58.4
69.9

756.5
418.7
59.6
72.6

763.6
423.0
60.1
72.9

481.0
189.0
32.8
49.5

486.5
191.9
33.0
50.3

496.9
195.1
33.2
50.9

See footnotes at end of table.




94

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
May
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukeo-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin islands

April
2000

May
2000P

730.4
135.8
123.5
69.8
66.8

729.5
135.3
126.0
69.9
68.5

748.1
137.3
126.0
70.9
69.6

2,786.5
201.1
77.4
142.6
71.3
54.8
71.9
281.8
863.9
82.2
62.1
68.5

2,801.0
206.8
79.3
150.3
70.1
55.9
70.2
288.2
874.4
81.4
62.8
70.4

2,827.4
207.8
79.8
151.2
70.6
56.5
70.7
288.6
876.2
81.8
63.4
70.8

234.4
31.6

230.0
32.1

237.8
32.6

1,006.8
70.8
70.3
78.9
628.4

987.2
70.1
65.6
77.3
619.4

989.0
70.1
66.1
78.2
619.8

2

2

41.2

( )

( )

See footnotes at end of table.




95

April
2000

May
1999

21.4
2.2
1.0
.3
1.7

20.8
2.1
1.1
.3
1.5

3.0
1 \
1 V

1 \
1 \
1 \
1

)
1
)
1
)
1
;
1

)

)

33.3
6.4
5.8
4.1
2.7

3.0

124.1
11.9
3.5
7.6
2.9
2.3
3.1
14.1
33.9
3.7
2.6
3.4

118.4
12.9
3.4
7.8
3.0
2.4
3.0
13.9
34.1
3.0
2.6
3.2

126.4
13.8
3.9
8.1
3.2
2.4
3.3
14.7
35.2
3.3
2.7
3.6

15.6
1.7

18.0
2.1

16.6
1.9

17.9
2.0

1.5

67.7
4.2
4.8
6.2
45.8

69.6
4.5
3.9
6.9
45.7

69.4
4.3
4.2
6.8
45.8

(J)
(11)
()
<11>
((11))
(1)
()

0)
(1)
(11)
(1 )
( 1)
(1 )
( 1)
()

15.5
1.7
1.5

(1)
(1)
(1)
.7

.6
1

1

( )

.7
1

May
2000P

32.1
6.7
5.8
3.8
2.8

(1)
< )
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

April
2000

34.7
7.3
5.6
4.0
2.5

2.6

1.4

May
1999

21.2
2.2
1.1
.3
1.5

(1)
< )
(1)

15.5
1.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

May
2000P

( )

1.7

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
May
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

April
2000

May
2000P

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

81.3
10.3
15.7
12.8
6.1

81.8
10.4
14.4
12.5
6.0

81.8
10.5
14.4
12.5
6.0

38.5
9.3
6.7
2.7
2.6

37.8
9.0
7.0
2.7
2.5

38.0
9.0
7.0
2.8
2.5

164.5
31.9
31.5
17.5
16.8

163.5
31.1
31.2
17.8
17.7

164.8
31.4
31.3
17.5
17.9

613.7
59.6
13.7
29.1
20.5
12.3
11.8
30.1
173.9
24.4
26.3
19.0

610.5
59.8
13.6
29.6
18.9
11.9
11.2
31.1
172.2
23.7
27.4
18.9

610.9
59.5
13.1
29.7
18.9
12.1
11.3
31.3
172.3
23.7
27.5
19.0

131.7
8.5
3.5
10.5
3.2
2.0
3.5
9.4
40.7
2.5
1.5
3.5

132.2
9.2
3.4
11.1
3.5
2.1
3.5
9.6
40.8
2.2
1.5
3.4

134.2
9.2
3.5
11.3
3.5
2.1
3.6
9.6
40.7
2.3
1.5
3.5

625.2
41.8
20.7
32.5
16.8
13.6
18.4
60.1
184.5
17.4
10.9
16.7

631.5
42.7
21.6
34.0
17.2
14.6
18.3
60.4
188.0
17.6
10.7
17.7

643.0
43.2
21.8
34.3
17.4
14.8
18.4
61.0
189.4
17.8
10.9
17.6

10.9
1.5

10.8
1.4

10.9
1.4

14.2
1.7

14.2
1.7

14.3
1.7

53.0
8.4

52.4
8.6

54.1
8.6

144.6
14.6
16.5
9.3
66.9

140.6
14.1
14.5
8.9
66.0

140.0
14.1
14.3
9.0
66.1

35.3
1.7
1.2
2.9
25.7

33.6
1.6
1.3
2.5
24.3

33.4
1.6
1.3
2.7
23.9

206.1
16.6
12.2
13.8
134.7

205.9
16.4
12.3
14.5
134.5

210.4
16.7
12.6
14.8
137.1

2.4

(2)

(2)

See footnotes at end of table.




May
1999

96

2.4

(2)

(2)

8.9

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
May
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

April
2000

May
2000P

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

30.0
8.0
4.7
2.6
2.8

29.4
7.7
5.1
2.6
2.8

29.4
7.8
5.1
2.6
2.8

217.0
42.5
37.1
20.4
23.6

222.8
43.4
38.7
20.5
24.7

223.1
43.4
38.7
20.7
24.8

143.0
24.3
10.7

10.5

146.0
9.4
2.5

148.8

149.7

9.5
2.5

12.4

13.5
1.8
1.5
2.6
23.3
60.0
2.3
2.2
5.2

13.7
1.8
1.5
2.7
23.4
60.2
2.4
2.2
5.2

748.5
48.9
22.4
37.1
16.9
14.6
21.7
73.3
284.2
22.8
11.7
14.2

408.6
23.4

11.3

741.1
49.0
22.3
37.2
16.8
14.4
21.7
73.6
283.5
22.8
11.6
14.1

415.9

9.5
2.5

734.3
46.4
21.1
34.9
17.3
14.3
22.0
71.6
278.9
22.2
12.1
13.2

12.6
17.1
8.9

54.3
10.0

61.8
5.8

61.1
5.8

62.6
6.0

208.4
13.5
11.9
18.3
137.4

293.8
18.7
21.0
25.7
178.6

277.3
18.3
19.8
24.4
171.2

277.1
18.2
19.8
24.3
171.1

1.8
1.6
2.6
22.8
58.5
2.4
2.2
5.1
8.0
1.2

8.0
1.2

8.1
1.2

53.0
9.3

51.4
9.8

48.7
1.7
2.1
2.2
38.7

49.1
1.7
2.0
2.3
38.4

48.8
1.7
2.0
2.3
37.7

209.2
13.3
12.5
18.8
137.4

209.6
13.5
11.8
17.8
138.6

1.9

10.5

1

21.2

9.5

16.7
8.8
8.7

10.6
73.7
93.5
9.7
6.5
7.6

141.3
24.9
22.7
9.7

23.9

9.1
9.9
76.4
95.7
9.7
6.9
7.8

156.5
26.6
22.6
10.4
11.4
411.6
23.7
12.6
17.2
8.8
9.1

9.7
75.3
94.2
9.6
7.0
7.8

13.4

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.

2




May
1999

97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

34.6

34.6

34.6

34.3

34.6

41.1

41.3

41.1

41.0

41.1

44.2

44.2

44.9

44.5

45.0

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

4.6
4.9

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

44.1
45.0
45.2

44.7
44.9
46.8

43.8
43.7
46.0

42.8
42.6
45.3

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.0
45.1

45.0
45.3

44.3
44.4

44.1
44.3

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

42.6
41.5
43.4

42.3
40.5
43.4

44.7
43.2
45.5

44.1
42.5
44.8

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

47.2
49.4

47.7
49.4

46.5
48.3

46.4
48.7

39.3

39.8

39.2

39.6

15
152
153
154

38.5
37.3
39.0
39.7

38.6
37.3
39.4
40.0

38.2
36.9
37.5
39.6

38.3
36.9
37.8
39.8

16
161
162

42.9
43.7
42.6

44.2
45.6
43.4

42.9
42.3
43.2

44.0
44.4
43.8

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

38.8
39.4
37.0
39.9
36.7
37.6
35.8

39.2
40.1
37.3
40.1
36.7
37.4
36.2

38.8
39.3
37.4
40.0
36.5
36.8
34.5

39.1
40.0
37.0
40.0
36.8
36.7
35.0

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

41.7
42.3
41.4
41.1
42.9
43.6
40.9
42.0
41.4
41.4
42.0
45.6
39.2
38.7
38.6
40.8

41.8
42.4
41.6
42.5
43.1
43.7
41.3
42.0
41.5
41.3
41.9
43.5
39.4
39.4
39.3
40.6

41.7
42.4
41.1
41.5
42.8
43.5
40.8
41.6
40.9
41.9
42.3
42.9
39.3
37.0
36.6
41.0

41.4
42.1
40.9
41.0
42.4
42.8
41.3
41.2
41.0
41.1
41.6
41.5
39.0
38.0
37.5
40.6

41.6
42.3
41.1

4.5
4.7
4.5
5.4
5.4
5.9
3.6
4.8
4.0
4.7
5.1
6.5
3.5
2.6
2.4
3.9

4.7
4.8
4.6
5.6
5.4
5.9
3.8
4.7
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.1
3.8
3.0
2.7
3.7

4.6
4.8
4.2
5.0
5.1
5.8
2.9
4.4
3.6
4.7
5.2
6.0
3.5
1.7
1.6
3.9

4.5
4.7
4.1
4.7
4.9
5.4
3.1
4.2
3.7
4.4
4.9
5.2
3.3
2.2
1.9
3.8

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.8
38.7
39.1
38.0
41.5
38.1
41.7
40.8
41.9
39.3

40.3
39.0
39.1
38.3
42.1
39.7
42.7
40.9
42.9
39.8

39.9
39.3
39.6
38.4
41.8
39.7
41.6
40.4
41.3
37.9

39.8
38.9
39.0
38.1
42.6
39.1
42.4
40.0
41.5
38.2

39.9

3.5
2.8
2.9
2.4
4.6
3.0
4.1
5.0
4.5
3.3

3.7
2.8
2.9
2.3
3.9
3.8
4.9
5.2
5.0
3.5

3.5
3.1
3.0
2.6
5.3
3.2
4.2
3.9
4.3
3.0

3.5
2.9
2.8
2.2
5.9
3.0
5.0
4.5
4.4
3.4

Crushed and broken stone

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

See footnotes at end of table.




98

39.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

$13.20

$13.15

$13.69

$13.64

$13.62

$456.72

$454.99

$473.67

$467.85

$471.25

14.77

14.85

15.25

15.29

15.35

607.05

613.31

626.78

626.89

630.89

17.05

16.98

17.29

17.18

17.12

753.61

750.52

776.32

764.51

770.40

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

18.01
19.44
16.18

18.03
19.67
16.38

18.76
20.38
16.76

18.70
20.13
16.91

794.24
874.80
731.34

805.94
883.18
766.58

821.69
890.61
770.96

800.36
857.54
766.02

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

19.22
19.44

19.42
19.65

19.45
19.63

19.27
19.44

864.90
876.74

873.90
890.15

861.64
871.57

849.81
861.19

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

17.06
23.15
13.36

16.85
22.91
13.25

17.15
24.27
13.41

17.01
24.25
13.37

726.76
960.73
579.82

712.76
766.61
750.14
927.86 1,048.46 1,030.63
575.05
610.16
598.98

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

15.00
14.50

15.01
14.52

15.45
14.96

15.51
15.05

708.00
716.30

715.98
717.29

718.43
722.57

719.66
732.94

17.06

17.13

17.66

17.71

670.46

681.77

692.27

701.32

15
152
153
154

16.41
15.38
15.04
17.52

16.35
15.23
14.91
17.55

17.09
15.76
16.33
18.48

17.08
15.83
16.31
18.40

631.79
573.67
586.56
695.54

631.11
568.08
587.45
702.00

652.84
581.54
612.38
731.81

654.16
584.13
616.52
732.32

16
161
162

16.75
16.98
16.63

16.90
17.33
16.67

17.03
17.23
16.94

17.21
17.40
17.12

718.58
742.03
708.44

746.98
790.25
723.48

730.59
728.83
731.81

757.24
772.56
749.86

17
171
172

17.35
17.65
15.53
18.93
17.12
17.12
15.07

17.43
17.71
15.49
19.17
17.18
17.14
15.21

17.98
18.45
15.91
19.84
17.52
17.89
15.64

18.03
18.55
15.79
19.97
17.51
18.04
15.46

673.18
695.41
574.61
755.31
628.30
643.71
539.51

683.26
710.17
577.78
768.72
630.51
641.04
550.60

697.62
725.09
595.03
793.60
639.48
658.35
539.58

704.97
742.00
584.23
798.80
644.37
662.07
541.10

13.85
14.34
11.43
13.21
11.39
11.83
9.70
11.50
11.45
11.60
10.27
13.73
9.21
11.63
11.82
10.96

13.90
14.40
11.46
13.25
11.37
11.81
9.68
11.54
11.51
11.61
10.29
13.85
9.25
11.70
11.90
10.90

14.28
14.82
11.73
13.46
11.69
12.18
9.94
11.91
11.97
11.95
10.79
14.24
9.44
11.90
12.09
11.11

14.26
14.80
11.74
13.43
11.67
12.17
9.93
11.91
11.98
11.97
10.81
14.12
9.41
11.91
12.05
11.15

14.32
14.87
11.83

577,55
606.58
473.20
542.93
488.63
515.79
396.73
483.00
474.03
480.24
431.34
626.09
361.03
450.08
456.25
447.17

581.02
610.56
476.74
563.13
490.05
516.10
399.78
484.68
477.67
479.49
431.15
602.48
364.45
460.98
467.67
442.54

595.48
628.37
482.10
558.59
500.33
529.83
405.55
495.46
489.57
500.71
456.42
610.90
370.99
440.30
442.49
455.51

590.36
623.08
480.17
550.63
494.81
520.88
410.11
490.69
491.18
491.97
449.70
585.98
366.99
452.58
451.88
452.69

595.71
629.00
486.21

11.14
10.58
10.11
11.37
9.88
11.30
11.81
12.43
11.76
11.19

11.16
10.63
10.16
11.38
9.89
11.37
11.77
12.42
11.70
11.25

11.64
10.99
10.44
11.89
10.09
11.62
12.71
12.92
12.35
11.82

11.69
10.95
10.45
11.73
10.25
11.60
12.95
13.17
12.34
11.90

11.70

443.37
409.45
395.30
432.06
410.02
430.53
492.48
507.14
492.74
439.77

449.75
414.57
397.26
435.85
416.37
451.39
502.58
507.98
501.93
447.75

464.44
431.91
413.42
456.58
421.76
461.31
528.74
521.97
510.06
447.98

465.26
425.96
407.55
446.91
436.65
453.56
549.08
526.80
512.11
454.58

466.83

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

173
174
175
176

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451

249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254

259

See footnotes at end of table.




99

17.75

702.90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292

Average weekly hours
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

43.9
43.2
42.5
44.1
41.5
42.6
44.5
42.3
41.1
45.9
48.5
44.9
45.8
42.7
42.4
48.4

44.0
43.4
41.7
44.2
40.1
42.4
43.7
42.0
41.3
46.2
49.1
45.3
46.1
43.1
42.5
49.8

43.2
42.2
42.3
43.2
41.7
42.4
42.9
42.4
41.7
44.2
47.3
43.1
43.9
43.5
43.1
44.8

43.5
42.9
42.2
43.1
41.6
43.2
42.5
42.0
41.5
44.9
47.5
43.6
45.2
42.9
42.9
45.1

43.4

6.6
5.9
5.1
6.2
4.4
4.9
5.8
5.4
4.3
8.5
9.9
7.5
8.8
5.6
3.4
12.3

6.8
6.3
5.3
6.6
4.4
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.5
8.9

11.8

6.2
4.9
5.2
5.9
4.7
4.8
5.3
5.2
5.3
7.5
9.4
6.5
7.7
5.4
3.3
7.4

6.4
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.4
5.2
4.9
5.2
4.9
8.3
10.1
6.8
9.1
4.9
3.1
6.6

44.5
45.2
45.6
44.3
44.6
46.2
42.2
42.0
43.7
44.3
44.1
42.1
44.9
44.2
43.8
44.9

44.5
45.2
45.4
46.1
45.1
47.0
41.5
41.1
44.8
44.8
44.2
42.7
44.1
43.7
43.0
43.6

44.1
44.9
45.6
44.2
44.9
46.7
42.2
41.0
43.9
43.8
43.5
42.8
44.6
42.6
42.7
43.3

44.2
45.2

6.4
6.0
6.2
5.2
6.7
8.0
6.1
4.9
6.4
6.7
7.4
7.3
9.9
6.9
5.3
5.6

6.5
6.4
6.7
5.6
6.8
8.0
5.4
4.9
6.2
6.7
7.4
7.3
9.8
7.0
5.3
5.7

6.9
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.0
8.4
5.6
4.3
6.9
7.0
7.8
8.3
9.4
7.8
5.0
4.9

6.6
6.8
7.2
6.6
6.7
8.0
5.9
3.6
6.5
6.7
7.5
8.0
9.2
7.7
4.7
4.8

42.4
45.2
45.2
42.0
41.7
42.7
43.2
42.5
41.4
41.9
43.1
40.7
42.0
41.4
41.5
42.7
41.0
44.6
43.5
40.7
45.3
41.4
41.9
41.2
43.1
42.0
43.3
41.8
40.6
41.4

42.4
44.0
44.2
41.9
42.9
41.5
42.5
40.7
40.5
42.1
42.8
42.0
42.7
41.4
41.3
42.9
42.1
43.8
43.5
43.4
44.5
42.0
42.4
42.1
42.9
41.9
42.2
41.9
42.4
42.5

42.2
44.0
43.9
41.7
42.5
41.5
41.5
40.3
40.2
42.1
43.0
42.0
42.4
41.5
41.2
42.5
41.8
43.2
43.1
42.9
44.2
41.6
41.9
41.4
42.6
41.4
42.0
41.7
42.2
41.8

42.4

4.6
7.2
7.2
4.0
3.8
4.3
4.0
4.2
2.7
4.4
5.6
3.5
4.5
3.8
4.2
4.8
4.0
5.8
5.5
4.3
6.4
4.3
5.0
4.6
5.6
3.7
3.2
4.0
3.1
3.9

4.8
7.5
7.4
4.2
3.5
4.8
4.6
4.6
3.1
4.6
5.8
3.6
4.6
4.0
4.3
4.8
3.7
6.0
5.6
4.4
6.7
4.2
4.9
4.6
5.4
3.8
2.9
4.1
2.9
4.1

4.8
6.4
6.2
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.7
3.6
3.5
4.6
5.7
4.3
4.8
4.1
3.7
5.2
4.7
5.6
5.7
5.3
6.4
4.5
5.1
4.9
5.3
4.1
2.6
4.3
4.2
4.3

4.7
6.5
6.1
3.9
4.1
4.0
4.1
3.4
3.0
4.7
5.6
4.3
4.9
4.4
3.6
5.0
4.6
5.3
5.6
5.1
6.4
4.3
4.8
4.5
5.2
4.1
2.5
4.1
4.3
3.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

44.4
44.9
45.2
44.3
44.7
46.4
43.4
42.0
43.9
44.1
44.2
42.8
44.7
44.2
43.7
44.2

Fabricated metal products
Meta! cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

42.1
44.6
44.9
41.6
42.4
41.7
42.4
42.0
40.5
41.7
43.1
41.1
41.9
41.1
41.3
42.5
41.2
44.0
43.4
41.5
45.0
41.5
41.6
40.8
42.8
42.1
43.6
41.5
41.1
40.6

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

100

10.9
7.8
9.1
5.5
3.1

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

$13.84
18.12
15.80
17.11
14.91
12.47
18.95
12.33
12.02
13.50
13.14
11.96
14.42
14.10
12.91
14.52

$13.91
18.64
15.92
17.02
15.14
12.62
18.74
12.38
12.01
13.56
13.33
12.04
14.46
14.14
13.05
14.63

$14.23
18.87
16.06
17.32
15.25
12.85
19.63
12.75
12.17
13.93
13.44
12.44
14.83
14.56
13.61
14.27

$14.26
18.66
15.99
17.30
15.17
12.97
19.49
12.78
12.16
14.02
13.54
12.43
14.97
14.54
13.49
14.49

$14.32

$607.58
782.78
671.50
754.55
618.77
531.22
843.28
521.56
494.02
619.65
637.29
537.00
660.44
602.07
547.38
702.77

$612.04
808.98
663.86
752.28
607.11
535.09
818.94
519.96
496.01
626.47
654.50
545.41
666.61
609.43
554.63
728.57

$614.74
796.31
679.34
748.22
635.93
544.84
842.13
540.60
507.49
615.71
635.71
536.16
651.04
633.36
586.59
639.30

$620.31
800.51
674.78
745.63
631.07
560.30
828.33
536.76
504.64
629.50
643.15
541.95
676.64
623.77
578.72
653.50

$621.49

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

15.74
18.73
20.55
13.99
14.67
15.28
14.69
13.89
17.24
17.27
14.38
15.52
16.82
14.00
12.73
12.11

15.90
18.99
20.86
14.17
14.98
15.72
15.19
14.00
17.44
17.56
14.38
15.45
17.13
13.99
12.77
12.10

16.51
19.72
21.76
14.67
15.28
16.21
15.81
13.79
18.21
18.14
15.00
16.27
17.42
14.65
13.43
12.78

16.39
19.44
21.35
14.51
15.25
16.11
15.87
13.89
17.91
17.83
14.97
15.93
17.27
14.67
13.37
12.62

16.54
19.61

698.86
840.98
928.86
619.76
655.75
708.99
637.55
583.38
756.84
761.61
635.60
664.26
751.85
618.80
556.30
535.26

707.55
858.35
951.22
627.73
668.11
726.26
641.02
588.00
762.13
777.91
634.16
650.45
769.14
618.36
559.33
543.29

734.70
891.34
987.90
676.29
689.13
761.87
656.12
566.77
815.81
812.67
663.00
694.73
768.22
640.21
577.49
557.21

722.80
872.86
973.56
641.34
684.73
752.34
669.71
569.49
786.25
780.95
651.20
681.80
770.24
624.94
570.90
546.45

731.07
886.37

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

13.47
16.77
17.81
12.48
12.67
12.38
11.93
11.60
12.10
12.87
13.21
10.82
14.18
13.22
12.31
13.79
12.95
14.65
15.96
14.92
18.04
13.17
11.53
11.39
11.74
15.15
16.09
12.94
13.04
11.49

13.49
16.78
17.88
12.40
12.65
12.28
12.11
11.60
12.40
12.89
13.27
10.80
14.22
13.28
12.34
13.75
12.96
14.55
16.05
15.13
18.23
13.13
11.51
11.38
11.71
15.19
16.02
12.93
13.11
11.49

13.75
16.94
18.01
12.61
13.09
12.26
12.27
11.92
12.71
13.22
13.62
11.02
14.34
13.84
12.79
14.30
13.58
15.04
16.14
15.45
18.01
13.61
11.92
11.82
12.08
15.69
17.05
13.18
13.39
11.51

13.75
16.91
17.95
12.68
13.16
12.33
12.29
11.89
12.75
13.21
13.63
10.96
14.32
13.89
12.85
14.19
13.45
14.95
16.21
15.49
18.07
13.67
11.91
11.80
12.07
15.79
17.16
13.19
13.33
11.45

13.82

567.09
747.94
799.67
519.17
537.21
516.25
505.83
487.20
490.05
536.68
569.35
444.70
594.14
543.34
508.40
586.08
533.54
644.60
692.66
619.18
811.80
546.56
479.65
464.71
502.47
637.82
701.52
537.01
535.94
466.49

571.98
758.46
808.18
520.80
527.51
524.36
523.15
493.00
513.36
540.09
571.94
439.56
597.24
549.79
512.11
587.13
531.36
648.93
698.18
615.79
825.82
543.58
482.27
468.86
504.70
637.98
693.67
540.47
532.27
475.69

583.00
745.36
796.04
528.36
561.56
508.79
521.48
485.14
514.76
556.56
582.94
462.84
612.32
572.98
528.23
613.47
571.72
658.75
702.09
670.53
801.45
571.62
505.41
497.62
518.23
657.41
719.51
552.24
567.74
489.18

580.25
744.04
788.01
528.76
559.30
511.70
510.04
479.17
512.55
556.14
586.09
460.32
607.17
576.44
529.42
603.08
562.21
645.84
698.65
664.52
798.69
568.67
499.03
488.52
514.18
653.71
720.72
550.02
562.53
478.61

585.97

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

42.1
43.9
44.7
43.6
40.0
40.7
42.5
43.1
40.4
43.1
41.7
41.6
42.8
42.1
43.0
43.5
41.2
42.3
41.7
40.9
40.3
42.1
41.7
40.7
41.6
41.9
43.1
40.6
41.2
41.0
40.9

42.5
42.2
44.8
41.4
42.8
42.8
43.4
43.9
39.1
46.3
42.8
42.4
42.8
43.2
45.6
43.4
41.1
41.6
42.9
41.9
42.0
42.3
42.6
41.4
44.0
42.8
42.0
43.3
42.2
39.3
38.8

42.2
42.6
44.5
42.0
42.2
42.6
43.2
43.6
39.0
46.6
41.9
42.2
42.4
43.0
44.7
43.1
40.9
40.9
42.5
41.1
41.8
42.6
42.5
42.0
43.3
42.6
42.4
42.1
42.7
39.2
38.7

42.4

3571

42.2
44.5
45.4
44.2
41.1
40.8
42.9
43.7
39.8
44.3
40.9
42.0
43.0
42.2
43.2
43.6
41.2
42.2
41.4
40.2
40.2
41.9
41.6
41.4
42.0
42.4
42.1
40.4
40.7
40.8
40.4

4.7
6.3
5.8
6.5
3.3
3.4
4.9
5.5
2.5
6.3
3.7
3.6
5.3
4.1
5.8
6.0
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.1
4.2
4.1
3.8
5.1
4.6
3.2
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.6

4.7
6.4
6.1
6.5
2.3
2.7
4.9
4.9
2.8
7.5
4.4
3.6
5.3
4.3
5.1
5.9
3.9
3.8
4.2
3.8
3.2
4.2
4.3
3.9
5.2
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.4
3.4

4.8
4.6
5.8
4.2
4.6
4.6
5.2
5.4
3.3
8.1
4.7
3.6
5.8
5.2
6.5
6.1
4.8
5.0
4.9
3.6
4.6
4.5
4.6
3.9
6.4
4.8
3.4
5.2
4.6
2.4
1.7

4.7
4.7
5.0
4.6
4.2
4.4
5.2
5.4
3.0
7.9
4.5
3.6
5.5
5.1
5.7
5.8
4.7
4.7
4.6
3.4
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.1
6.0
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.9
2.4
1.6

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

41.8
42.2
42.5
42.2
40.9
42.4

40.8
42.6
43.1
42.1
40.9
42.3

39.9
42.9
43.4
42.9
41.3
42.9

39.2
42.8
43.2
42.7
41.5
42.7

4.4
5.4
6.1
4.8
5.6
4.9

3.7
5.5
6.2
4.8
5.5
4.9

4.3
4.9
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.4

4.1
5.0
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.3

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365

41.3
41.2
42.7
40.0
41.6
42.5
40.2
40.2
39.7
39.4
40.7
41.4
42.6
41.0
41.4
40.0
38.8
39.3
41.1
43.1
41.6
44.3
42.2
41.4
41.8
41.5
42.8

41.5
42.1
43.3
41.1
41.6
42.8
40.0
40.0
39.9
39.0
40.2
41.5
42.5
40.5
41.9
40.5
38.6
39.0
41.4
43.1
41.9
44.0
42.6
41.7
42.2
42.9
43.0

41.6
42.8
42.7
42.8
42.1
42.6
41.1
40.4
38.5
40.6
40.3
41.8
44.1
41.1
41.7
38.9
40.3
39.7
41.8
42.1
41.5
41.9
41.9
40.5
41.9
40.2
43.4

41.2
43.0
43.1
42.9
42.0
42.7
40.8
39.4
36.9
39.6
40.1
41.6
44.0
41.4
41.8
39.2
39.1
39.8
41.5
41.8
41.2
40.7
41.1
40.3
41.3
41.1
42.0

3.7
4.2
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.9
2.9
1.9
1.2
3.1
1.5
4.2
4.7
4.1
4.1
3.2
4.5
3.2
3.2
3.8
4.0
3.0
4.5
3.8
4.3
4.4
5.4

3.9
4.8
4.7
4.9
3.7
4.1
3.1
1.7
1.1
2.1
1.4
4.2
4.4
3.7
4.5
3.1
4.6
3.4
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.6
4.9
3.9
4.6
5.4
5.5

4.0
4.7
4.3
5.1
4.1
4.2
3.9
2.3
1.3
2.9
2.3
4.1
5.1
4.4
4.3
1.9
4.6
3.4
3.6
4.2
4.3
3.3
5.2
3.5
4.3
4.3
5.0

3.9
5.0
4.7
5.3
4.0
4.1
3.8
1.3
0.8
0.9
2.2
3.9
4.7
4.1
4.1
2.1
4.1
3.2
3.7
4.3
4.5
2.8
5.3
3.7
4.0
4.9
4.1

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357

3651
366
3661
367

3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

102

41.6

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356

3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359

3592
3596,9
36
361

3612
3613
362
3621

3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651

366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

$14.97
18.01
20.60
17.17
13.69
14.67
14.03
14.11
14.52
14.39
14.26
12.82
15.81
15.68
16.48
16.46
13.99
12.66
15.59
13.46
15.90
15.23
14.29
14.95
15.11
14.47
11.75
15.85
14.03
16.63
18.73

$14.99
17.94
20.78
17.04
13.95
14.72
14.05
14.04
14.65
14.41
14.40
13.04
15.79
15.65
16.26
16.51
13.95
12.65
15.61
13.50
15.99
15.11
14.32
15.23
15.27
14.49
11.78
15.72
13.95
16.57
18.51

$15.42
17.78
21.82
16.43
14.56
15.71
14.55
14.84
15.12
14.98
14.33
13.37
16.29
16.21
16.97
16.93
14.57
13.53
16.31
14.26
16.92
15.63
14.63
15.59
15.27
14.99
12.17
16.98
14.27
17.71
19.82

$15.44
17.83
21.81
16.50
14.61
15.69
14.55
14.84
15.11
15.05
14.28
13.31
16.28
16.21
16.82
16.94
14.54
13.54
16.17
14.37
16.80
15.38
14.61
15.53
15.07
15.14
12.34
17.04
14.32
17.87
19.89

$15.46

$631.73
801.45
935.24
758.91
562.66
598.54
601.89
616.61
577.90
637.48
583.23
538.44
679.83
661.70
711.94
717.66
576.39
534.25
645.43
541.09
639.18
638.14
594.46
618.93
634.62
613.53
494.68
640.34
571.02
678.50
756.69

$631.08
787.57
928.87
742.94
558.00
599.10
597.13
605.12
591.86
621.07
600.48
542.46
675.81
658.87
699.18
718.19
574.74
535.10
650.94
552.15
644.40
636.13
597.14
619.86
635.23
607.13
507.72
638.23
574.74
679.37
757.06

$655.35
750.32
977.54
680.20
623.17
672.39
631.47
651.48
591.19
693.57
613.32
566.89
697.21
700.27
773.83
734.76
598.83
562.85
699.70
597.49
710.64
661.15
623.24
645.43
671.88
641.57
511.14
735.23
602.19
696.00
769.02

$651.57
759.56
970.55
693.00
616.54
668.39
628.56
647.02
589.29
701.33
598.33
561.68
690.27
697.03
751.85
730.11
594.69
553.79
687.23
590,61
702.24
655.19
620.93
652.26
652.53
644.96
523.22
717.38
611.46
700.50
769.74

$655.50

14.56
13.59
13.91
14.50
14.94
14.39

14.33
13.76
14.10
14.50
15.10
14.38

14.07
13.39
13.49
15.05
15.38
14.99

14.24
13.38
13.47
15.11
15.27
15.04

608.61
573.50
591.18
611.90
611.05
610.14

584.66
586.18
607.71
610.45
617.59
608.27

561.39
574.43
585.47
645.65
635.19
643.07

558.21
572.66
581.90
645.20
633.71
642.21

13.39
13.15
12.06
14.09
12.91
11.86
14.75
12.78
14.25
13.91
11.12
12.88
17.19
13.35
12.29
9.98
12.33
12.06
14.06
14.61
13.74
14.81
18.25
11.31
13.64
15.47
13.54

13.42
13.13
12.07
14.06
12.90
11.80
14.88
12.80
14.20
13.84
11.24
12.99
17.10
13.45
12.13
9.92
12.68
12.19
14.02
14.47
13.66
14.88
18.00
11.33
13.92
15.63
13.89

13.70
13.29
12.03
14.43
13.14
11.98
15.02
13.70
16.20
13.93
11.71
13.34
18.03
13.52
12.51
9.86
12.74
12.56
14.12
14.66
13.94
14.63
19.09
11.43
14.07
15.53
13.83

13.66
13.34
12.08
14.48
13.13
12.07
14.86
13.45
15.69
13.86
11.69
13.34
17.83
13.72
12.50
9.93
12.44
12.53
14.00
14.49
13.93
14.42
19.14
11.50
14.09
15.48
13.83

553.01
541.78
514.96
563.60
537.06
504.05
592.95
513.76
565.73
548.05
452.58
533.23
732.29
547.35
508.81
399.20
478.40
473.96
577.87
629.69
571.58
656.08
770.15
468.23
570.15
642.01
579.51

556.93
552.77
522.63
577.87
536.64
505.04
595.20
512.00
566.58
539.76
451.85
539.09
726.75
544.73
508.25
401.76
489.45
475.41
580.43
623.66
572.35
654.72
766.80
472.46
587.42
670.53
597.27

569.92
568.81
513.68
617.60
553.19
510.35
617.32
553.48
623.70
565.56
471.91
557.61
795.12
555.67
521.67
383.55
513.42
498.63
590.22
617.19
578.51
613.00
799.87
462.92
589.53
624.31
600.22

562.79
573.62
520.65
621.19
551.46
515.39
606.29
529.93
578.96
548.86
468.77
554.94
784.52
568.01
522.50
389.26
486.40
498.69
581.00
605.68
573.92
586.89
786.65
463.45
581.92
636.23
580.86

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

103

13.68

569.09

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

44.0
45.3
45.5
46.6
45.6
43.0
42.7
42.5
44.1
42.1
40.6
41.6
39.5
41.3
41.2
40.2
41.5
40.5

44.1
45.5
46.4
44.3
45.6
41.3
42.8
42.5
45.1
41.8
40.3
40.7
39.8
41.8
40.7
40.5
41.2
40.8

43.5
44.8
45.8
43.2
44.9
40.9
42.6
42.2
44.4
42.0
39.3
39.2
39.4
42.1
40.9
40.6
40.0
38.9

43.9
45.3

379
3792

43.9
45.1
45.0
44.7
45.6
44.1
42.6
42.5
43.6
42.0
40.9
41.7
40.0
41.8
41.2
40.3
40.6
38.4

5.6
6.4
6.3
6.0
6.9
4.2
4.3
4.1
5.0
4.0
4.2
4.6
3.6
4.0
3.4
3.0
3.5
2.1

5.9
7.0
6.9
7.4
7.3
4.4
4.2
4.1
5.2
3.9
4.1
4.7
3.3
3.8
3.5
2.9
3.6
2.2

5.9
6.8
7.4
5.8
7.1
2.9
4.8
4.5
6.2
4.4
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.3
3.4
2.3

5.6
6.6
7.2
5.5
6.8
2.8
4.6
4.2
5.6
4.5
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.0
3.4
3.4
2.8
1.6

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.4
41.4
41.4
43.0
40.7
41.4
41.1
40.9
41.2
40.2
43.4
39.2

41.5
41.2
41.4
43.9
40.6
40.5
41.4
40.8
41.7
40.7
43.1
41.7

41.3
41.2
41.8
45.5
40.2
42.3
40.8
40.9
39.9
40.5
42.6
39.4

41.0
40.8
41.5
43.9
40.1
41.4
40.6
40.6
39.8
40.2
41.9
40.4

41.1

3.3
3.0
3.1
4.5
3.0
2.3
3.3
3.5
3.3
1.7
5.2
0.8

3.2
3.0
3.2
4.9
3.0
2.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
2.2
3.3
1.7

3.2
2.6
3.6
5.3
2.9
3.5
3.1
3.5
2.3
1.4
3.7
2.6

3.3
2.9
3.5
4.9
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.6
2.3
1.4
3.8
3.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

40.1
38.6
37.8
40.4
41.2
38.2
42.4
39.5
37.8
36.5
40.1
40.5

39.9
38.5
37.6
40.4
40.3
38.1
41.2
39.0
38.2
36.2
40.3
40.5

39.4
38.6
37.9
39.9
39.8
37.9
40.5
39.6
37.6
35.2
39.4
39.4

39.2
37.9
37.1
39.7
39.5
38.1
39.9
39.0
37.4
35.2
39.5
39.7

39.6

2.9
2.4
2.3
2.5
3.0
1.4
3.6
2.5
1.5
0.7
3.2
3.7

2.9
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.7
1.3
3.2
2.5
2.0
1.2
3.4
3.8

2.6
2.3
2.4
2.9
2.9
0.8
3.7
2.3
1.9
0.8
2.7
3.1

2.5
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.7
0.8
3.4
2.1
1.6
0.5
2.7
3.2

40.9

41.0

40.8

40.5

40.7

4.2

4.4

4.2

4.1

41.6
41.5
43.3
43.8
39.7
43.1
43.4
42.4
40.4
43.8
39.2
39.7
44.2
44.4
42.6

41.7
41.7
43.3
44.3
39.9
43.5
43.7
42.8
40.6
44.5
38.6
38.9
44.0
44.8
42.5

41.0
40.9
42.6
42.5
39.2
42.1
42.1
42.0
39.5
41.5
38.8
38.7
44.1
45.4
42.5

41.0
41.1
42.7
42.1
39.8
42.2
41.2
41.9
39.6
41.7
39.5
38.6
44.0
46.3
43.0

41.4

5.2
5.2
6.8
6.7
3.7
5.7
5.5
5.0
4.7
5.7
4.4
4.2
6.5
6.4
6.3

5.3
5.4
6.6
6.9
4.1
5.9
5.4
5.2
5.2
6.4
4.7
4.7
6.7
7.0
6.5

4.7
4.4
5.0
6.1
3.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.4
6.1
4.4
4.3
6.0
7.1
5.6

4.9
4.6
5.0
6.0
3.8
5.5
4.5
5.0
4.6
6.8
4.8
4.6
5.9
6.7
5.6

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

376
3761

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




104

June
2000P

4.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

May
1999

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

$17.92
18.33
22.15
15.41
17.11
11.38
19.46
(2)
19.37
17.15
13.68
15.06
11.99
16.35
20.29
(2)

$18.82
19.36
23.98
15.54
17.81
11.85
20.48
(2)
20.37
18.19
14.33
15.85
12.51
17.13
20.18
(2)
13.02
13.41

$18.79
19.34
23.94
15.63
17.74
11.92
20.41
(2)
20.25
18.12
14.18
15.80
12.37
17.32
20.16
(2)
13.06
13.42

$18.96
19.53

$786.69
826.68
996.75
688.83
780.22
501.86
829.00

12.24
12.22

$18.14
18.61
22.59
15.71
17.33
11.30
19.56
(2)
19.55
17.27
13.73
15.18
11.95
16.65
20.14
(2)
12.59
13.01

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384

3841
3842
385
386
387

14.11
17.76
14.23
12.01
14.36
16.71
12.82
12.14
12.11
10.67
17.28
10.51

14.13
17.52
14.19
12.19
14.29
16.56
12.84
12.20
12.06
10.95
17.91
10.55

14.40
17.16
14.58
11.76
14.74
17.14
13.10
12.48
12.38
10.93
18.50
11.70

14.44
17.24
14.67
11.81
14.83
17.25
13.11
12.56
12.32
11.01
18.54
11.61

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

11.21
11.86
11.73
11.68
10.75
10.59
10.81
11.45
10.03
8.97
11.37
12.28

11.26
11.88
11.75
11.80
10.82
10.57
10.91
11.54
10.15
8.95
11.39
12.36

11.58
12.34
12.13
12.34
11.07
11.07
11.08
11.89
10.81
9.53
11.63
12.65

13.10

13.14

12.10
9.90
10.78
11.14
8.86
14.02
12.92
14.69
11.64
15.33
12.55
10.90
14.95
13.26
12.25

12.15
9.94
10.78
11.12
8.93
14.05
12.84
14.76
11.66
15.43
12.52
11.02
15.09
13.59
12.23

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




105

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

$798.16 $829.96
880.88
843.03
1,027.85 1,112.67
688.42
732.09
812.14
790.25
489.41
485.90
876.54
835.21

$817.37
866.43
1,096.45
675.22
796.53
487.53
869.47

$832.34
884.71

844.53
720.30
559.51
628.00
479.60
683.43
835.95

862.16
727.07
557.44
631.49
472.03
687.65
829.77

918.69
760.34
577.50
645.10
497.90
716.03
821.33

899.10
761.04
557.27
619.36
487.38
729.17
824.54

496.94
469.25

522.49
526.91

536.42
547.13

522.40
522.04

14.43

584.15
735.26
589.12
516.43
584.45
691.79
526.90
496.53
498.93
428.93
749.95
411.99

586.40
721.82
587.47
535.14
580.17
670.68
531.58
497.76
502.90
445.67
771.92
439.94

594.72
706.99
609.44
535.08
592.55
725.02
534.48
510.43
493.96
442.67
788.10
460.98

592.04
703.39
608.81
518.46
594.68
714.15
532.27
509.94
490.34
442.60
776.83
469.04

593.07

11.58
12.30
12.08
12.25
11.12
11.07
11.14
11.94
10.78
9.54
11.61
12.65

11.59

449.52
457.80
443.39
471.87
442.90
404.54
458.34
452.28
379.13
327.41
455.94
497.34

449.27
457.38
441.80
476.72
436.05
402.72
449.49
450.06
387.73
323.99
459.02
500.58

456.25
476.32
459.73
492.37
440.59
419.55
448.74
470.84
406.46
335.46
458.22
498.41

453.94
466.17
448.17
486.33
439.24
421.77
444.49
465.66
403.17
335.81
458.60
502.21

458.96

13.45

13.43

13.48

535.79

538.74

548.76

543.92

548.64

12.36
10.15
10.79
11.43
9.21
14.18
12.88
14.93
12.14
15.64
13.36
11.35
15.05
13.17
12.55

12.36
10.17
10.90
11.48
9.18
14.36
12.93
15.05
12.03
15.94
13.16
11.13
14.99
12.95
12.53

12.40

503.36
410.85
466.77
487.93
351.74
604.26
560.73
622.86
470.26
671.45
491.96
432.73
660.79
588.74
521.85

506.66
414.50
466.77
492.62
356.31
611.18
561.11
631.73
473.40
686.64
483.27
428.68
663.96
608.83
519.78

506.76
415.14
459.65
485.78
361.03
596.98
542.25
627.06
479.53
649.06
518.37
439.25
663.71
597.92
533.38

506.76
417.99
465.43
483.31
365.36
605.99
532.72
630.60
476.39
664.70
519.82
429.62
659.56
599.59
538.79

513.36

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

205
2051

41.2
41.6

41.0
41.5

41.1
41.4

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.4
40.0
40.3
55.6
40.1
39.7
42.1
44.3
46.2
45.7
40.0

40.1
39.7
39.9
54.0
38.4
39.3
41.8
44.4
46.0
46.3
39.7

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

39.8
40.0

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

41.0
41.3

5.1
5.6

5.2
5.8

5.1
5.6

5.1
5.7

40.6
39.9
38.8
51.0
41.5
38.8
42.2
43.7
47.9
44.1
39.0

40.5
39.5
39.2
52.8
41.8
38.4
42.1
43.7
47.3
44.6
38.2

4.3
3.7
4.5
8.3
2.7
3.8
5.9
6.1
7.7
7.3
4.9

4.2
4.0
5.0
13.2
2.0
4.0
5.5
6.2
7.6
7.3
4.4

4.2
4.0
2.7
10.8
4.8
3.3
6.0
5.2
8.5
5.2
4.1

4.0
4.2
3.6
10.9
4.0
3.6
5.9
5.5
8.2
5.7
4.5

40.1
40.4

39.7
39.1

39.8
40.1

39.7

2.3
2.5

3.0
3.3

2.6
2.3

3.2
3.3

40.9
42.4
41.2
39.3
40.5
38.8
38.5
38.0
38.2
41.1
38.7
41.6
42.3
42.1
42.5
41.0
41.1
39.9
41.7

41.1
42.3
41.9
37.7
40.7
39.2
37.9
38.3
38.8
41.1
39.9
41.2
41.4
41.9
41.9
41.6
41.8
40.4
42.1

41.7
43.7
43.0
43.1
38.9
39.9
35.3
39.3
39.9
38.4
43.0
41.0
40.5
42.4
41.2
42.9
43.4
41.0
42.6

41.0
42.3
43.0
40.3
39.7
39.2
34.1
38.8
40.0
37.9
41.5
41.1
40.7
41.9
40.4
42.1
42.6
40.6
41.1

41.3

4.3
5.8
4.3
2.9
2.9
3.2
2.3
2.9
2.6
2.1
4.4
4.7
5.1
4.3
4.9
4.5
4.8
3.5
4.3

4.5
5.8
4.8
2.6
2.8
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.1
2.4
5.1
4.8
4.6
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.9
3.7
4.8

4.6
6.5
4.9
4.6
3.1
4.1
1.8
3.6
3.7
2.0
6.8
5.0
4.9
5.0
3.2
4.9
5.3
3.0
4.3

4.2
5.6
5.0
3.5
3.4
3.7
1.7
3.3
3.6
1.5
5.7
4.6
4.3
4.5
3.0
4.6
5.1
2.8
3.9

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.8
36.5
36.2
35.1
35.9
37.0
36.6
35.1
38.3
36.3
36.5
35.9
35.9
35.8
37.6
38.5
37.8
40.5
37.3
40.4
42.6

38.1
36.6
36.7
35.4
36.8
37.6
37.4
36.7
38.7
37.5
37.2
35.4
36.4
33.2
37.8
38.6
37.0
40.6
37.3
40.4
43.0

37.7
36.8
36.7
35.5
36.8
36.3
36.7
37.3
38.3
37.1
36.3
35.7
36.5
33.7
36.7
36.0
38.3
39.5
37.5
40.2
39.6

37.1
36.8
36.5
35.6
36.4
36.3
36.4
37.3
38.4
36.7
35.8
34.9
36.3
31.6
36.3
34.9
38.2
38.4
36.5
37.9
39.8

37.5

2.3
0.9
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
3.0
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.7
3.9
4.4
2.1
3.7
2.3
3.9
3.9

2.5
1.0
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.3
3.3
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.3
2.4
3.5
3.9
0.9
3.9
2.2
4.2
4.8

2.5
1.0
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.2
2.2
2.5
3.1
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.9
1.0
2.6
2.1
2.3
3.8
1.9
4.4
4.2

2.2
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.6
2.0
2.2
3.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.3
2.2
2.1
2.5
3.1
1.6
2.4
4.4

26
262
263

43.2
44.9
44.6

43.5
45.0
45.1

43.1
45.2
44.2

42.6
44.9
44.2

42.6

5.4
6.7
7.7

5.6
6.8
7.6

5.4
7.2
7.5

5.2
7.5
7.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

June
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$13.11
13.18

$13.32
13.43

$13.12
13.22

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.97
13.93
11.64
17.77
14.59
13.32
13.49
16.15
23.63
13.44
11.09

13.11
13.98
11.51
18.39
14.90
13.38
13.55
16.23
23.58
13.55
11.00

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

20.47
24.44

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

10.69
11.11
11.39
11.17
9.75
9.86
8.83
9.72
9.38
10.10
10.53
10.83
10.54
11.32
10.76
10.41
10.46
10.30
11.98

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

Paper and allied products
Paper mills

26
262
263

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Paperboard mills

205
2051

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$13.13
13.34

$540.13
548.29

$546.12
557.35

$539.23
547.31

$538.33
550.94

12.92
14.37
11.76
20.88
15.21
13.74
13.69
16.48
23.79
13.75
11.24

12.72
14.59
12.24
20.92
14.98
13.95
13.72
16.42
23.54
13.71
11.24

523.99
557.20
469.09
988.01
585.06
528.80
567.93
715.45
1,091.71
614.21
443.60

525.71
555.01
459.25
993.06
572.16
525.83
566.39
720.61
1,084.68
627.37
436.70

524.55
515.16
576.31
573.36
479.81
456.29
1,064.88 1,104.58
626.16
631.22
535.68
533.11
577.61
577.72
717.55
720.18
1,139.54 1,113.44
611.47
606.38
429.37
438.36

20.69
24.56

19.71
24.81

20.19
25.28

$20.81

814.71
977.60

829.67
992.22

782.49
970.07

803.56
1,013.73

$826.16

10.76
11.13

10.90
11.25
11.67
11.71
10.12
10.12
9.34
10.02
9.77
9.87
10.51
11.04
10.96
11.48
10.76
10.49
10.48
10.46
12.35

10.92

437.22
471.06
469.27
438.98
394.88
382.57
339.96
369.36
358.32
415.11
407.51
450.53
445.84
476.57
457.30
426.81
429.91
410.97
499.57

442.24
470.80
480.17
427.14
399.27
390.04
338.07
374.19
369.76
423.74
421.74
452.38
437.18
491.49
455.45
433.89
436.39
420.56
506.04

456.20
490.75
503.53
497.81
397.17
406.98
333.23
396.14
392.22
382.46
454.94
457.15
450.36
488.02
446.20
450.02
453.96
434.19
523.55

446.90
475.88
501.81
471.91
401.76
396.70
318.49
388.78
390.80
374.07
436.17
453.74
446.07
481.01
434.70
441.63
446.45
424.68
507.59

451.00

12.02

10.94
11.23
11.71
11.55
10.21
10.20
9.44
10.08
9.83
9.96
10.58
11.15
11.12
11.51
10.83
10.49
10.46
10.59
12.29

8.81
8.94
8.30
8.15
8.56
8.18
8.33
7.94
9.83
8.32
8.06
8.05
8.22
7.64
8.35
8.03
8.20
9.72
8.29
9.46
11.06

8.89
8.86
8.35
8.19
8.63
8.16
8.51
8.02
9.95
8.56
8.24
8.55
8.40
8.93
8.33
8.05
8.17
9.73
8.38
9.62
11.01

9.05
9.30
8.52
8.14
8.64
8.28
8.39
8.20
9.87
8.44
8.10
8.63
8.47
9.07
8.50
8.38
8.60
10.05
8.54
9.80
11.61

9.07
9.24
8.55
8.19
8.62
8.35
8.39
8.32
9.88
8.34
8.08
8.74
8.53
9.31
8.45
8.27
8.61
10.10
8.57
9.57
11.87

9.10

333.02
326.31
300.46
286.07
307.30
302.66
304.88
278.69
376.49
302.02
294.19
289.00
295.10
273.51
313.96
309.16
309.96
393.66
309.22
382.18
471.16

338.71
324.28
306.45
289.93
317.58
306.82
318.27
294.33
385.07
321.00
306.53
302.67
305.76
296.48
314.87
310.73
302.29
395.04
312.57
388.65
473.43

341.19
342.24
312.68
288.97
317.95
300.56
307.91
305.86
378.02
313.12
294.03
308.09
309.16
305.66
311.95
301.68
329.38
396.98
320.25
393.96
459.76

336.50
340.03
312.08
291.56
313.77
303.11
305.40
310.34
379.39
306.08
289.26
305.03
309.64
294.20
306.74
288.62
328.90
387.84
312.81
362.70
472.43

341.25

15.88
20.40
20.37

15.95
20.43
20.21

16.15
20.96
21.17

16.14
21.04
20.99

16.25

686.02
915.96
908.50

693.83
919.35
911.47

696.07
947.39
935.71

687.56
944.70
927.76

692.25

11.46

11.33
9.81
9.95
8.92
9.77
9.53
10.31
10.57

10.98
10.56
11.73
10.87
10.43

10.44
10.41

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

107

June
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.2
43.8
41.6
42.4
41.9
42.6
42.0
40.3

43.3
44.0
42.7
42.3
42.4
43.1
42.5
40.9

43.2
43.7
43.4
42.5
41.4
43.2
38.2
41.4

42.4
42.9
42.6
41.8
40.8
42.4
37.7
41.5

27
271
272
273

38.0
33.2
35.8
40.6
38.3
42.7
35.3
39.3
39.0
40.0
40.9
38.8
39.9

37.9
33.1
36.6
40.3
37.6
42.9
35.2
39.1
38.8
39.8
41.8
39.1
39.8

38.2
33.3
35.7
40.9
38.7
42.9
36.2
39.5
39.4
39.7
40.6
39.2
41.8

37.7
33.2
35.0
40.4
38.2
42.5
35.1
38.9
38.5
39.5
39.5
39.6
41.3

42.8
42.1
42.5
43.2
44.0
42.4
41.9
42.2
41.5
43.8
41.0
40.6
43.1
44.9
44.8
44.9
45.1
42.9

43.0
42.4
43.0
43.8
43.8
44.8
41.5
41.6
42.3
45.1
41.5
41.0
42.9
45.3
45.3
45.3
45.2
42.6

42.6
43.0
44.2
43.2
44.6
42.9
41.2
41.9
40.9
41.4
41.8
40.2
43.1
45.5
45.3
45.5
45.4
42.1

2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

Chemicals and allied products
28
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations . 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average overtime hours
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

5.2
5.5
4.8
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.9
3.5

5.4
5.8
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.0
5.3
3.5

5.2
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.1
4.1
4.4
2.8

4.8
5.0
4.6
4.5
3.9
3.8
4.2
3.1

37.7

2.8
1.6
2.2
3.2
2.1
4.3
2.4
3.2
3.0
3.6
3.7
2.7
3.7

2.8
1.5
2.7
3.4
1.7
5.1
2.0
3.2
3.1
3.5
4.3
2.5
3.7

2.9
1.7
1.2
3.5
2.0
5.0
2.7
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.0
2.1
4.6

2.7
1.5
1.4
3.4
1.9
4.9
2.3
3.2
3.1
3.4
2.9
2.5
4.0

42.5
42.3
43.3
43.0
45.0
42.6
41.4
41.9
40.7
41.0
41.5
40.2
42.1
46.1
45.5
46.3
45.1
41.7

42.6

4.8
4.8
5.1
4.5
4.9
4.3
4.7
4.6
3.7
5.3
3.7
2.9
5.0
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.3
4.4

5.0
5.2
5.4
5.0
5.3
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.4
6.3
3.9
3.5
5.0
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.0
4.4

4.8
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
4.0
3.9
3.3
4.4
3.4
2.6
5.0
6.5
7.3
6.3
6.2
4.9

4.7
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.1
4.1
3.9
3.2
3.8
3.5
2.7
4.5
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.0
4.7

6.6
5.3
9.8

6.9
5.5
10.6

6.0
5.2
8.1

5.8
4.4
8.8

June
2000P

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

42.6
40.8
46.8

43.0
41.2
47.2

44.4
45.3
43.3

43.1
42.7
44.1

43.9

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

42.0
43.3
38.2
43.4
43.2
42.9
41.6

42.0
41.9
40.3
43.2
43.1
43.0
41.7

41.7
42.6
42.1
42.5
43.2
42.4
41.4

41.4
42.7
41.2
41.9
41.8
42.0
41.2

41.5

4.5
5.9
3.2
4.9
4.2
4.4
4.3

4.6
5.3
3.3
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.6

4.5
5.6
2.7
5.1
5.4
4.5
4.3

4.3
5.5
3.3
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.2

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314

38.3
43.5
37.9
37.5
37.7
35.6
37.5

38.5
44.2
37.9
37.4
38.3
34.6
37.7

38.4
45.1
36.6
36.2
36.4
35.3
38.3

38.3
44.5
36.7
35.5
37.6
35.5
38.3

38.3

2.0
5.1
1.2
1.1
0.7
1.7
1.7

2.0
5.3
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.4
1.1

2.2
6.9
1.2
1.5
0.4
0.5
1.7

2.0
6.2
1.2
1.3
0.4
0.2
1.4

32.9

32.9

33.0

32.7

32.9

38.8

39.0

38.8

38.3

38.4

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

3143

3144
316
317

See footnotes at end of table.




108

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$13.29
13.23
13.83
13.94
13.96
16.28
12.72
12.77

$13.38
13.37
13.47
14.06
14.10
16.65
12.72
12.82

$13.65
13.51
14.10
14.53
13.99
16.71
12.29
12.82

$13.64
13.55
14.02
14.38
13.95
16.76
12.26
12.97

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

13.75
13.49
15.46
13.27
12.63
13.82
13.17
13.95
14.25
13.02
14.20
10.84
16.89

13.74
13.56
15.48
13.39
12.66
14.00
12.95
13.91
14.32
12.84
14.45
10.74
16.88

14.20
14.01
15.57
13.85
13.56
14.10
13.30
14.41
14.67
13.68
14.52
11.19
17.01

14.16
13.92
15.74
13.98
13.63
14.28
13.52
14.33
14.59
13.62
14.63
11.19
16.83

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

17.30
19.03
19.58
18.10
20.54
15.45
17.18
17.12
14.69
18.69
13.83
12.75
14.82
20.51
20.57
20.65
17.47
15.72

17.26
19.20
19.76
18.01
20.43
15.41
17.04
16.89
14.79
18.89
13.99
12.67
14.90
20.29
20.39
20.39
17.49
15.74

17.77
19.42
20.15
18.51
21.13
15.10
17.81
17.71
15.20
18.04
14.57
13.87
15.08
20.91
21.30
21.01
17.48
16.37

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

20.98
24.21
16.07

21.06
24.27
16.39

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

12.27
19.29
10.28
12.40
12.30
12.09
11.58

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

9.67
12.30
9.19
9.93
7.82
9.12
8.38

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

12.69

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$574.13
579.47
575.33
591.06
584.92
693.53
534.24
514.63

$579.35
588.28
575.17
594.74
597.84
717.62
540.60
524.34

$589.68
590.39
611.94
617.53
579.19
721.87
469.48
530.75

$578.34
581.30
597.25
601.08
569.16
710.62
462.20
538.26

$14.16

522.50
447.87
553.47
538.76
483.73
590.11
464.90
548.24
555.75
520.80
580.78
420.59
673.91

520.75
448.84
566.57
539.62
476.02
600.60
455.84
543.88
555.62
511.03
604.01
419.93
671.82

542.44
466.53
555.85
566.47
524.77
604.89
481.46
569.20
578.00
543.10
589.51
438.65
711.02

533.83
462.14
550.90
564.79
520.67
606.90
474.55
557.44
561.72
537.99
577.89
443.12
695.08

$533.83

17.76
19.44
20.32
18.51
21.18
15.20
17.62
17.48
15.11
17.68
14.54
13.93
15.05
21.11
20.97
21.34
17.45
16.38

17.76

740.44
801.16
832.15
781.92
903.76
655.08
719.84
722.46
609.64
818.62
567.03
517.65
638.74
920.90
921.54
927.19
787.90
674.39

742.18
814.08
849.68
788.84
894.83
690.37
707.16
702.62
625.62
851.94
580.59
519.47
639.21
919.14
923.67
923.67
790.55
670.52

757.00
835.06
890.63
799.63
942.40
647.79
733.77
742.05
621.68
746.86
609.03
557.57
649.95
951.41
964.89
955.96
793.59
689.18

754.80
822.31
879.86
795.93
953.10
647.52
729.47
732.41
614.98
724.88
603.41
559.99
633.61
973.17
954.14
988.04
787.00
683.05

756.58

21.77
25.17
16.41

21.27
24.82
16.31

21.12

893.75
987.77
752.08

905.58
999.92
773.61

966.59
1,140.20
710.55

916.74
1,059.81
719.27

927.17

12.30
19.27
10.46
12.44
12.40
12.17
11.62

12.67
19.85
10.00
12.83
12.98
12.52
11.92

12.66
19.69
10.44
12.77
13.03
12.61
11.90

12.76

515.34
835.26
392.70
538.16
531.36
518.66
481.73

516.60
807.41
421.54
537.41
534.44
523.31
484.55

528.34
845.61
421.00
545.28
560.74
530.85
493.49

524.12
840.76
430.13
535.06
544.65
529.62
490.28

529.54

9.65
12.18
9.27
10.00
7.90
9.05

10.13
12.93
9.78
10.42
8.06
8.70

10.06
12.78
9.71
10.36
8.12
8.69

10.11

370.36
535.05
348.30
372.38
294.81
324.67
314.25

8.79

8.66

388.99
583.14
357.95
377.20
293.38
307.11
336.66

385.30
568.71
356.36
367.78
305.31
308.50
331.68

387.21

8.30

371.53
538.36
351.33
374.00
302.57
313.13
312.91

13.20

13.07

12.60

13.12

417.50

414.54

435.60

429.02

430.00

16.15

16.18
16.11

604.12

608.01

626.62

15.59

617.01

621.31

15.57

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

109

June
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

4011

44.6

46.6

45.6

43.3

Local and internrban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

35.2
38.9
40.0

34.2
38.6
39.7

34.4
37.9
38.3

34.6
37.6
38.0

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

40.2
40.3
40.3

40.6
40.6
40.5

40.5
40.5
40.3

40.6
40.7
39.7

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

36.9

35.8

35.8

34.9

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

43.1

43.2

41.6

42.1

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

38.7
38.5
38.7
38.3

38.5
38.2
38.5
38.4

38.4
37.5
37.9
39.0

37.3
36.2
36.3
38.2

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.6
41.8
42.2
36.0
41.0

40.6
42.1
42.7
35.5
40.1

40.5
41.7
41.8
35.9
40.4

40.0
41.2
41.8
35.5
40.0

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.6
42.5
42.1
42.5
44.1

42.4
41.7
42.2
42.7
43.9

42.0
42.5
41.2
41.9
41.9

41.9
41.8
41.2
43.4
41.6

38.6

38.3

38.9

38.8

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

39.2
36.9
38.9
39.6
40.9
40.4
40.8
38.3
39.0
39.8
36.7

38.7
36.9
38.5
39.3
39.7
39.1
40.1
37.9
39.0
39.5
36.6

39.4
37.5
38.0
39.5
41.2
39.7
41.2
38.3
40.4
39.6
37.2

38.5
36.7
37.8
39.2
39.4
38.5
40.6
37.5
39.5
39.3
36.7

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

37.9
37.5
35.7
38.4
38.7
34.9
40.9
38.5
39.2
36.8

37.6
37.0
35.3
38.0
38.7
35.1
40.5
38.2
39.1
36.2

38.1
36.7
37.6
38.6
39.4
31.7
40.8
38.9
38.1
36.9

39.2
35.7
38.8
38.5
42.0
33.1
41.7
38.9
38.1
37.1

29.1

29.4

28.9

28.9

35.5
37.0
35.5
30.6
34.2

35.8
37.4
35.3
30.9
33.6

35.5
37.1
35.3
30.6
33.2

35.5
37.2
35.0
30.3
34.0

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Average overtime hours
June
2000P

38.7

29.3

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

4011

$17.93

$17.96

$18.04

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

11.43
12.01
12.94

11.59
12.02
12.99

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.94
14.18
11.56

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

Pipelines, except natural gas

Average weekly earnings
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$17.90

$799.68

$836.94

$822.62

$775.07

11.94
12.57
13.76

11.88
12.51
13.69

402.34
467.19
517.60

396.38
463.97
515.70

410.74
476.40
527.01

411.05
470.38
520.22

13.93
14.15
11.68

14.23
14.45
12.11

14.21
14.42
12.17

560.39
571.45
465.87

565.56
574.49
473.04

576.32
585.23
488.03

576.93
586.89
483.15

19.20

19.03

20.58

20.35

708.48

681.27

736.76

710.22

46

22.01

21.74

22.79

22.95

948.63

939.17

948.06

966.20

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

13.98
14.48
14.81
13.87

13.86
14.20
14.49
13.91

14.67
15.01
15.48
14.94

14.53
14.95
15.37
14.71

541.03
557.48
573.15
531.22

533.61
542.44
557.87
534.14

563.33
562.88
586.69
582.66

541.97
541.19
557.93
561.92

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

17.31
17.67
18.14
18.22
14.36

17.34
17.58
18.13
18.30
14.83

17.66
17.84
18.44
18.69
15.38

17.65
17.80
18.37
18.83
15.35

702.79
738.61
765.51
655.92
588.76

704.00
740.12
774.15
649.65
594.68

715.23
743.93
770.79
670.97
621.35

706.00
733.36
767.87
668.47
614.00

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

20.41
21.56
18.53
24.88
16.60

20.27
21.60
18.54
24.08
16.64

21.41
22.48
19.50
25.85
17.78

21.41
22.58
19.44
25.55
17.84

869.47
916.30
780.11
1,057.40
732.06

859.45
900.72
782.39
1,028.22
730.50

899.22
955.40
803.40
1,083.11
744.98

897.08
943.84
800.93
1,108.87
742.14

14.58

14.45

15.14

15.01

562.79

553.44

588.95

582.39

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Wholesale trade

June
2000P

$14.99

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

15.29
13.77
13.27
13.82
18.33
16.95
14.56
15.94
13.96
15.29
11.49

15.15
13.69
13.13
13.73
18.19
17.15
14.45
15.73
13.98
15.08
11.53

15.88
14.18
14.22
14.17
19.22
18.31
14.91
16.86
14.43
15.78
12.03

15.70
14.05
14.02
14.11
19.05
18.23
14.76
16.45
14.35
15.66
11.99

599.37
508.11
516.20
547.27
749.70
684.78
594.05
610.50
544.44
608.54
421.68

586.31
505.16
505.51
539.59
722.14
670.57
579.45
596.17
545.22
595.66
422.00

625.67
531.75
540.36
559.72
791.86
726.91
614.29
645.74
582.97
624.89
447.52

604.45
515.64
529.96
553.11
750.57
701.86
599.26
616.88
566.83
615.44
440.03

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

13.56
12.85
19.29
12.87
13.82
10.30
15.24
12.32
16.20
10.89

13.46
12.88
18.79
12.77
13.74
10.32
15.08
12.31
16.00
10.83

14.07
13.71
19.93
13.47
14.04
10.90
15.89
13.08
16.54
11.36

14.05
13.36
19.75
12.95
14.33
11.11
15.67
12.72
16.65
11.23

513.92
481.88
688.65
494.21
534.83
359.47
623.32
474.32
635.04
400.75

506.10
476.56
663.29
485.26
531.74
362.23
610.74
470.24
625.60
392.05

536.07
503.16
749.37
519.94
553.18
345.53
648.31
508.81
630.17
419.18

550.76
476.95
766.30
498.58
601.86
367.74
653.44
494.81
634.37
416.63

9.03

9.02

9.42

9.39

262.77

265.19

272.24

271.37

10.72
11.20
10.84
8.83
9.57

10.66
11.12
10.73
8.81
9.60

11.35
11.93
11.04
9.22
10.00

11.31
11.90
11.24
9.20
9.84

380.56
414.40
384.82
270.20
327.29

381.63
415.89
378.77
272.23
322.56

402.93
442.60
389.71
282.13
332.00

401.51
442.68
393.40
278.76
334.56

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




Ill

9.38

June
2000P

$580.11

274.83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

53
531
533
539

29.8
29.9
27.3
30.1

30.6
30.8
27.8
30.3

28.8
28.8
27.0
30.0

29.0
29.0
26.7
30.0

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.8
29.8
29.1

30.6
30.7
28.9

29.6
29.7
28.7

29.9
30.1
29.0

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.5
36.9
38.4
31.8
35.1

35.8
36.9
38.6
32.3
34.1

35.7
36.9
38.3
31.9
36.5

35.2
36.5
38.1
31.5
36.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.2
28.8
24.0
26.6
26.7

26.7
28.6
24.3
27.5
27.2

26.0
27.5
23.9
26.4
27.2

25.8
27.6
23.7
26.0
26.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

33.0
33.0
33.8
32.9
32.3
26.4

33.1
33.2
34.2
32.9
32.5
26.2

32.5
33.2
33.6
31.5
31.0
24.4

32.2
32.9
33.2
31.1
30.8
24.2

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.9

25.9

25.7

25.5

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.6
28.7
30.3
27.6
33.0
36.6
31.4
34.0
31.0

29.8
29.1
30.2
28.1
33.2
36.5
30.7
33.9
31.1

29.6
28.9
29.5
27.7
33.8
36.3
30.5
33.9
30.7

29.8
28.6
29.2
27.7
33.9
35.8
32.2
33.6
30.9

36.4

36.0

36.7

35.9

35.4
35.3
35.1
35.4
35.7

36.0
35.9
36.0
35.9
36.0

34.9
34.6
34.6
34.6
35.3

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.7
35.6
35.7
35.5
36.0

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

38.1
38.6

37.6
38.2

38.0
38.9

37.3
38.6

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

38.7

37.8

38.5

37.7

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

38.6
38.8
38.3
38.6
38.4

38.3
38.5
38.1
38.5
38.2

38.9
39.1
38.3
39.0
39.1

38.3
38.8
38.1
38.9
38.0

32.7

32.6

32.8

32.4

36.2

36.0

34.9

35.6

Services

Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




112

Average overtime hours
June
2000P

36.2

32.7

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

53
531
533
539

$8.88
8.94
7.88
8.67

$8.95
9.02
7.90
8.67

$9.45
9.57
7.65
9.12

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

9.26
9.35
8.43

9.26
9.36
8.41

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

12.66
15.92
10.31
8.17
13.60

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$9.39
9.51
7.68
9.07

$264.62
267.31
215.12
260.97

$273.87
277.82
219.62
262.70

$272.16
275.62
206.55
273.60

$272.31
275.79
205.06
272.10

9.35
9.40
9.00

9.35
9.39
9.01

275.95
278.63
245.31

283.36
287.35
243.05

276.76
279.18
258.30

279.57
282.64
261.29

12.64
15.92
10.37
8.16
13.67

13.20
16.57
10.79
8.42
13.01

12.98
16.15
10.81
8.44
12.88

449.43
587.45
395.90
259.81
477.36

452.51
587.45
400.28
263.57
466.15

471.24
611.43
413.26
268.60
474.87

456.90
589.48
411.86
265.86
464.97

566

8.84
10.45
8.79
8.59
8.54

8.90
10.54
8.91
8.68
8.51

9.30
10.91
9.35
9.06
8.81

9.36
11.02
9.36
9.18
8.82

231.61
300.96
210.96
228.49
228.02

237.63
301.44
216.51
238.70
231.47

241.80
300.03
223.47
239.18
239.63

241.49
304.15
221.83
238.68
236.38

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

12.23
11.49
11.52
13.21
12.06
7.34

12.12
11.50
11.46
12.97
11.99
7.44

12.79
11.95
11.89
14.00
12.87
7.90

12.72
11.89
11.85
13.91
12.84
7.81

403.59
379.17
389.38
434.61
389.54
193.78

401.17
381.80
391.93
426.71
389.68
194.93

415.68
396.74
399.50
441.00
398.97
192.76

409.58
391.18
393.42
432.60
395.47
189.00

Eating and drinking places4

58

6.57

6.58

6.84

6.89

170.16

170.42

175.79

175.70

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

9.82
10.39

9.78
10.31

10.20

10.20

10.98

11.03

8.12

8.11
9.09
10.53
12.80
9.94
11.64
10.27

8.33

9.17
10.49
12.80
9.94
11.81
10.37

10.63

8.29
9.52
10.72

13.49
10.19

13.43
10.14

11.65

10.70

11.53
10.75

290.67
298.19
246.04
253.09
346.17
468.48
312.12
401.54
321.47

291.44
300.02
244.92
255.43
349.60
467.20
305.16
394.60
319.40

301.92
317.32
245.74
264.26
359.29
489.69
310.80
394.94
328.49

303.96
315.46
242.07
263.70
363.41
480.79
326.51
387.41
332.18

14.73

14.51

15.12

15.03

536.17

522.36

554.90

539.58

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
:
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

9.54

May
2000P

June
2000P

$14.94

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

11.31
10.85
10.50
11,09
11.01

11.21
10.77
10.38
11.04
10.94

11.72
11.18
10.88
11.39
11.44

11.66
11.12
10.82
11.32
11.35

403.77
386.26
374.85
393.70
396.36

396.83
380.18
364.34
390.82
390.56

421.92
401.36
391.68
408.90
411.84

406.93
384.75
374.37
391.67
400.66

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

15.61
12.52

15.37
12.52

15.64
13.29

15.64
13.07

594.74
483.27

577.91
478.26

594.32
516.98

583.37
504.50

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

21.98

21.49

21.99

22.08

850.63

812.32

846.62

832.42

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

17.21
15.61
16.28
16.70
18.68

17.03
15.45
16.18
16.63
18.43

17.71
16.00
16.87
17.28
19.42

17.50
15.91
16.67
17.09
19.15

664.31
605.67
623.52
644.62
717.31

652.25
594.83
616.46
640.26
704.03

688.92
625.60
646.12
673.92
759.32

670.25
617.31
635.13
664.80
727.70

13.32

13.21

13.83

13.76

435.56

430.65

453.62

445.82

10.30

10.14

10.89

10.83

372.86

365.04

380.06

385.55

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




113

13.70

June
2000P

$540.83

447.99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

074
078

29.0
39.1

29.2
38.7

28.9
37.5

28.4
38.5

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

31.3

31.1

31.0

30.7

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.7
28.5
29.3

34.5
28.1
28.3

34.1
28.3
27.4

34.4
28.1
28.4

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

33.9
37.4

33.7
36.7

34.1
37.0

33.8
35.7

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.1
29.1
38.4
28.2
38.9
35.4
40.9
39.0

36.5
29.0
37.7
28.2
39.4
35.6
41.4
39.7

37.0
29.0
38.5
28.2
38.0
36.5
40.4
37.6

36.7
28.6
37.5
27.8
37.9
35.6
40.6
37.7

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.4
38.8
38.4
39.9
39.4
39.3
33.5
35.5
36.9

32.4
38.4
37.5
39.6
38.8
38.4
33.3
35.1
36.9

32.9
38.9
37.9
39.2
37.4
40.3
33.8
35.8
37.8

32.8
38.1
37.2
38.5
36.3
38.2
33.6
35.4
36.1

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.8
36.0
35.7
33.6
38.0
37.9
37.8
30.9
28.1

35.9
36.6
36.4
33.1
38.0
38.0
37.5
30.8
28.1

35.2
35.8
35.5
33.5
37.2
38.1
36.1
30.3
27.0

35.3
36.1
35.8
33.0
37.1
37.5
36.4
31.1
28.7

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.0

38.3

38.2

37.8

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.0
39.0
23.7

30.0
38.3
23.6

31.8
41.5
24.5

31.3
41.1
24.2

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.2
25.2
25.8
19.0
28.7

27.1
25.0
27.1
18.7
28.6

25.6
25.3
25.2
18.5
28.5

25.1
24.1
24.9
17.7
28.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

33.0
33.1
28.0
30.3
32.4
31.7
34.6

32.8
32.7
27.8
30.1
32.4
31.8
34.6

33.2
33.1
28.1
30.9
32.6
31.8
35.0

32.8
32.4
28.0
30.3
32.2
31.2
34.7

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

See footnotes at end of table.




114

Average overtime hours
June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
May
1.999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

074
078

$10.27
10.33

$10.09
10.16

$10.66
11.00

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

9.20

9.13

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.72
9.88
10.09

73
731

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Average weekly earnings
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$10.65
10.91

$297.83
403.90

$294.63
393.19

$308.07
412.50

$302.46
420.04

9.63

9.62

287.96

283.94

298.53

295.33

8.72
9.96
9.89

9.01
10.18
9.54

9.07
10.39
10.27

302.58
281.58
295.64

300.84
279.88
279.89

307.24
288.09
261.40

312.01
291.96
291.67

13.27
18.53

13.20
18.58

13.84
19.99

13.78
19.46

449.85
693.02

444.84
681.89

471.94
739.63

465.76
694.72

June
2000P

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

11.74
8.53
12.08
8.09
13.37
13.09
17.59
11.98

11.60
8.63
12.07
8.20
13.16
13.06
17.44
11.72

11.96
8.82
12.03
8.43
13.83
12.94
18.10
12.58

11.90
8.84
12.27
8.41
13.77
13.02
17.92
12.56

423.81
248.22
463.87
228.14
520.09
463.39
719.43
467.22

423.40
250.27
455.04
231.24
518.50
464.94
722.02
465.28

442.52
255.78
463.16
237.73
525.54
472.31
731.24
473.01

436.73
252.82
460.13
233.80
521.88
463.51
727.55
473.51

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

10.54
22.47
25.69
21.53
15.78
17.10
10.48
8.54
14.04

10.50
22.36
25.53
21.36
15.72
17.14
10.45
8.65
13.88

10.96
23.27
26.71
22.37
15.31
17.10
10.94
9.16
14.61

10.95
23.25
26.70
22.07
15.54
16.75
11.00
9.16
14.40

341.50
871.84
986.50
859.05
621.73
672.03
351.08
303.17
518.08

340.20
858.62
957.38
845.86
609.94
658.18
347.99
303.62
512.17

360.58
905.20
1,012.31
876.90
572.59
689.13
369.77
327.93
552.26

359.16
885.83
993.24
849.70
564.10
639.85
369.60
324.26
519.84

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

11.40
10.99
10.09
8.59
12.81
13.38
12.70
8.56
7.60

11.39
10.83
9.98
8.55
12.81
13.33
12.75
8.55
7.52

11.85
11.52
10.65
8.76
13.28
13.99
12.97
8.85
7.86

11.81
11.47
10.65
8.63
13.27
13.92
13.01
8.89
7.80

408.12
395.64
360.21
288.62
486.78
507.10
480.06
264.50
213.56

408.90
396.38
363.27
283.01
486.78
506.54
478.13
263.34
211.31

417.12
412.42
378.08
293.46
494.02
533.02
468.22
268.16
212.22

416.89
414.07
381.27
284.79
492.32
522.00
473.56
276.48
223.86

Miscellaneous repair services

76

13.93

13.83

14.17

14.14

529.34

529.69

541.29

534.49

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

16.09
21.83
7.30

15.78
22.01
7.24

15.57
20.31
7.77

15.36
20.06
7.82

482.70
851.37
173.01

473.40
842.98
170.86

495.13
842.87
190.37

480.77
824.47
189.24

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

9.79
7.76
9.13
9.34
9.69

9.34
7.84
8.74
9.25
9.26

10.25
8.12
9.61
9.98
10.01

10.05
8.15
9.40
9.90
9.88

256.50
195.55
235.55
177.46
278.10

253.11
196.00
236.85
172.98
264.84

262.40
205.44
242.17
184.63
285.29

252.26
196.42
234.06
175.23
282.57

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

14.09
14.76
14.68
12.88
10.04
9.60
15.85

14.12
14.73
14.71
12.86
10.11
9.66
15.89

14.60
15.34
15.53
13.05
10.58
10.15
16.30

14.61
15.30
15.58
13.04
10.61
10.23
16.32

464.97
488.56
411.04
390.26
325.30
304.32
548.41

463.14
481.67
408.94
387.09
327.56
307.19
549.79

484.72
507.75
436.39
403.25
344.91
322.77
570.50

479.21
495.72
436.24
395.11
341.64
319.18
566.30

See footnotes at end of table.




115

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

808

29.2

29.1

29.6

29.4

Legal services

81

35.4

34.8

35.8

34.9

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.4
31.5
30.9
29.9
32.5
32.8

31.2
31.2
30.7
29.9
32.5
31.7

31.3
31.4
30.6
29.6
32.9
32.5

30.8
30.8
30.2
29.4
32.2
32.0

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.9

34.9

35.4

35.0

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.4
39.4
39.7
38.4
37.8
36.6
36.6
39.6
31.3
36.2
36.2
35.4
36.4
37.0

37.0
39.1
39.5
38.0
38.0
35.8
36.4
39.3
31.6
35.9
35.9
35.4
36.4
34.7

37.9
39.4
39.7
38.7
36.8
39.9
36.5
39.1
31.0
37.0
36.0
35.8
36.3
35.9

36.7
38.8
39.2
38.0
37.1
36.0
35.9
38.3
30.4
36.3
35.3
35.0
35.6
34.6

Services, nee

89

36.3

35.1

36.8

35.8

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

See footnotes at end of table.




116

Average overtime hours
June
2000P

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$11.91

$11.97

$12.39

81

19.06

18.99

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

9.49
10.06
9.22
8.26
9.65
11.59

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
Legal services

%

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

$12.35

$347.77

$348.33

$366.74

$363.09

20.07

19.95

674.72

660.85

718.51

696.26

9.47
10.04
9.14
8.16
9.68
11.62

9.84
10.41
9.50
8.64
10.00
12.05

9.82
10.36
9.46
8.64
10.02
11.98

297.99
316.89
284.90
246.97
313.63
380.15

295.46
313.25
280.60
243.98
314.60
368.35

307.99
326.87
290.70
255.74
329.00
391.63

302.46
319.09
285.69
254.02
322.64
383.36

18.72

18.56

19.30

19.17

672.05

647.74

683.22

670.95

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

18.56
20.07
20.88
18.42
14.33
15.99
18.55
20.36
14.72
22.17
18.42
16.09
21.34
16.63

18.30
19.75
20.60
18.01
14.17
15.76
18.31
20.07
14.62
22.00
18.13
15.97
21.07
16.48

19.05
21.20
22.06
19.41
14.97
16.17
18.71
20.40
14.94
22.47
18.89
16.97
21.69
18.01

18.96
20.98
21.86
19.09
14.92
16.03
18.71
20.37
14.86
22.61
18.63
16.83
21.3£
17.91

694.14
790.76
828.94
707.33
541.67
585.23
678.93
806.26
460.74
802.55
666.80
569.59
776.78
615.31

677.10
772.23
813.70
684.38
538.46
564.21
666.48
788.75
461.99
789.80
650.87
565.34
766.95
571.86

722.00
835.28
875.78
751.17
550.90
645.18
682.92
797.64
463.14
831.39
680.04
607.53
787.35
646.56

695.83
814.02
856.91
725.42
553.53
577.08
671.69
780.17
451.74
820.74
657.64
589.05
758.99
619.69

89

18.42

18.20

18.59

18.67

668.65

638.82

684.11

668.39

808

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and
services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




Average weekly earnings

4

June
2000P

June
2000P

Money payments only tips; not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1999
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1999 forward are subject to revision.
5

117

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Apr.
1999

May
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

Apr.
1999

May
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$21.35

$21.42

$22.60

$22.63

$21.72

$22.00

$21.53

$21.49

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

21.40

21.43

22.78

22.77

21.82

22.10

21.59

21.57

preliminary.




118

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime , of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

13.14

$13.17

$13.54

$13.53

$13.57

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.58
10.83
10.68
12.88
14.68
12.77
14.18
12.81
16.86
13.57
10.83

13.63
10.86
10.67
12.92
14.81
12.77
14.21
12.81
17.00
13.61
10.87

14.02
11.17
11.16
13.29
15.33
13.01
14.59
13.07
17.64
13.87
11.20

14.01
11.18
11.19
13.29
15.25
13.02
14.62
13.03
17.65
13.89
11.21

14.06
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

12.45
11.38
19.89
10.16
8.55
14.95
13.26
16.38
19.48
11.65
9.42

12.47
11.42
19.95
10.21
8.61
14.99
13.25
16.31
19.48
11.66
9.41

12.79
11.69
19.07
10.37
8.76
15.19
13.67
16.83
20.39
12.02
9.85

12.79
11.67
19.42
10.36
8.80
15.21
13.67
16.83
19.92
12.03
9.81

$12.80
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1999 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1999 forward are subject to
revision.

119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$13.20
7.86

$13.15
7.83

$13.69
7.90

$13.64
7.86

$13.62 $456.72 $454.99 $473.67 $467.85 $471.25
271.86 270.83 273.32 269.65
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.05
10.15

16.98
10.11

17.29
9.98

17.18
9.90

$17.12
(2)

753.61
448.58

750.52
446.74

776.32
447.96

764.51 $770.40
440.64
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.06
10.15

17.13
10.20

17.66
10.19

17.71
10.21

$17.75
(2)

670.46
399.08

681.77
405.82

692.27
399.46

701.32 $702.90
404.22
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.85
8.24

13.90
8.27

14.28
8.24

14.26
8.22

$14.32
(2)

577.55
343.78

581.02
345.85

595.48
343.61

590.36 $595.71
340.27
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.57
9.27

15.59
9.28

16.15
9.32

16.11
9.29

$16.18
(2)

604.12
359.60

608.01
361.91

626.62
361.58

617.01 $621.31
355.63
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.58
8.68

14.45
8.60

15.14
8.74

15.01
8.65

$14.99
(2)

562.79
334.99

553.44
329.43

588.95
339.84

582.39 $580.11
335.67
(2)

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

9.03
5.38

9.02
5.37

9.42
5.44

9.39
5.41

$9.38
(2)

262.77
156.41

265.19
157.85

272.24
157.09

271.37 $274.83
156.41
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.73
8.77

14.51
8.64

15.12
8.72

15.03
8.66

$14.94
(2)

536.17
319.15

522.36
310.93

554.90
320.20

539.58 $540.83
311.00
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.32
7.93

13.21
7.86

13.83
7.98

13.76
7.93

$13.70
(2)

435.56
259.26

430.65
256.34

453.62
261.75

445.82 $447.99
256.96
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




May
1999

June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000P

June
2000P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1999 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1999 forward are subject to revision.

120

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.8
41.7
44.9

42.4
41.9
42.6

41.9
41.5
42.2

$12.49
12.92
14.65

$12.88
13.19
14.22

$12.79
13.13
13.84

Alaska

39.7

41.7

36.1

12.96

13.07

14.04

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

$522.08
538.76
657.79

$546.11
552.66
605.77

$535.90
544.90
584.05

514.51

545.02

506.84

Arizona

40.2

40.3

40.3

12.64

12.86

12.85

508.13

518.25

517.85

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.7
42.0
41.5
42.0
39.9

41.5
41.6
41.4
41.2
39.9

41.2
41.6
41.5
41.0
40.8

11.49
11.04
11.71
12.18
13.05

11.93
11.79
11.83
12.54
13.78

11.92
11.77
11.84
12.61
13.70

479.13
463.68
485.97
511.56
520.70

495.09
490.46
489.76
516.64
549.82

491.10
489.63
491.36
517.01
558.96

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc..
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.8
42.6
40.7
42.3
41.7
42.5
42.6
42.1
40.9
42.7
40.3
40.4
42.2
41.9
40.6
41.4
41.8
42.3

41.6
41.8
41.4
42.6
40.6
43.0
43.4
42.3
40.4
42.7
39.6
40.4
42.5
41.2
40.2
42.2
41.9
41.7

41.4
41.2
41.0
42.1
40.5
42.4
43.7
42.3
40.9
42.4
39.6
40.4
43.8
41.2
39.1
42.1
41.1
42.5

13.89
13.86
12.06
12.99
13.92
15.58
13.41
12.36
15.00
13.72
13.68
14.92
17.14
14.16
14.96
13.41
15.97
12.79

14.11
13.97
12.26
13.19
14.17
16.00
13.57
12.61
15.01
13.93
13.66
14.83
17.48
14.39
14.93
13.58
16.23
12.94

14.16
13.94
12.19
13.23
14.13
16.01
13.62
12.67
14.95
13.64
13.76
14.86
17.47
14.45
14.98
13.58
16.17
12.91

580.60
590.44
490.84
549.48
580.46
662.15
571.27
520.36
613.50
585.84
551.30
602.77
723.31
593.30
607.38
555.17
667.55
541.02

586.98
583.94
507.56
561.89
575.30
688.00
588.93
533.40
606.40
594.81
540.93
599.13
742.90
592.86
600.18
573.07
680.03
539.59

586.22
574.32
499.79
556.98
572.26
678.82
595.19
535.94
611.45
578.33
544.89
600.34
765.18
595.34
585.71
571.71
664.58
548.67

Colorado
Denver

41.8
42.6

44.4
42.7

44.2
42.6

14.11
13.45

14.35
13.62

14.55
13.71

589.80
572.97

637.14
581.57

643.11
584.04

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

42.6
41.3
41.5
43.0
42.8
42.4
39.4
44.2

42.5
42,1
41.5
43.6
42.3
41.9
39.6
44.9

42.1
41.5
40.6
43.2
42.5
41.9
40.2
44.0

15.24
15.45
14.96
16.14
14.92
15.73
13.41
14.32

15.66
15.85
15.99
16.81
15.20
16.73
13.23
14.59

15.73
15.92
15.47
16.84
15.32
16.67
13.12
14.65

649.22
638.09
620.84
694.02
638.58
666.95
528.35
632.94

665.55
667.28
663.58
732.91
642.96
700.98
523.90
655.09

662.23
660.68
628.08
727.48
651.10
698.47
527.42
644.60

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

43.1
39.8
43.7

42.3
39.7
43.8

43.5
39.5
45.1

16.01
14.09
19.32

16.39
14.54
19.48

16.53
14.76
19.76

690.03
560.78
844.28

693.29
577.23
853.22

719.05
583.02
891.17

39.2

39.7

39.5

15.23

15.59

15.49

597.02

618.92

611.85

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

41.6

41.9

42.0

11.74

12.20

12.23

488.38

511.18

513.66

42.2
41.1
46.2

41.4
41.0
46.3

40.3
39.8
46.8

12.43
13.20
16.18

12.97
13.84
16.57

12.80
13.52
16.63

524.55
542.52
747.52

536.96
567.44
767.19

515.84
538.10
778.28

37.8
39.8

38.8
40.6

37.1
39.8

13.61
13.45

13.50
13.04

13.36
12.95

514.46
535.31

523.80
529.42

495.65
515.41

39.6

39.0

39.0

13.19

13.61

13.76

522.32

530.79

536.64

41.7
39.4
40.0
41.9
42.0
42.6
41.2
41.4
43.1
40.7

41.6
42.3
41.5
41.8
41.0
41.9
41.1
41.0
42.7
40.3

41.3
41.9
40.3
41.6
40.4
42.0
41.2
40.6
42.4
39.6

14.01
18.33
11.62
13.69
15.67
16.77
15.28
16.65
16.36
12.35

14.30
19.88
12.44
14.06
15.74
16.81
15.68
16.62
16.69
13.00

14.31
19.85
12.44
14.06
15.75
16.85
15.80
16.72
16.55
12.89

584.22
722.20
464.80
573.61
658.14
714.40
629.54
689.31
705.12
502.65

594.88
840.92
516.26
587.71
645.34
704.34
644.45
681.42
712.66
523.90

591.00
831.72
501.33
584.90
636.30
707.70
650.96
678.83
701.72
510.44

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

42.8
40.2
40.1
44.4
39.7
43.4
44.2
48.4
41.8
44.9
40.9
44.2

42.6
40.1
39.8
43.8
40.8
42.5
44.1
49.5
43.5
44.0
40.4
44.0

42.1
40.1
39.6
43.5
40.8
42.3
44.0
48.6
43.3
44.1
40.8
44.3

$15.16
12.81
12.72
14.74
15.60
19.57
15.51
23.10
15.82
14.41
12.49
14.33

$15.72
13.87
13.99
15.26
16.32
20.63
15.43
22.72
16.89
13.68
12.65
14.11

$15.71
13.82
13.88
15.05
16.39
20.45
15.43
22.50
16.73
13.78
12.51
14.03

$648.85
514.96
510.07
654.46
619.32
849.34
685.54
1,118.04
661.28
647.01
510.84
633.39

$669.67
556.18
556.80
668.38
665.85
876.77
680.46
1,124.64
734.71
601.92
511.06
' 620.84

$661.39
554.18
549.64
654.67
668.71
865.03
678.92
1,093.50
724.40
607.69
510.40
621.52

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.4
41.3
38.1
40.6
39.4

41.7
44.7
40.3
38.8
35.8

41.1
43.1
39.9
39.8
35.9

14.15
17.28
14.18
15.25
12.17

14.67
18.99
16.14
16.31
11.94

14.52
18.81
16.09
15.79
12.10

585.81
713.66
540.26
619.15
479.50

611.73
848.85
650.44
632.82
427.45

596.77
810.71
641.99
628.44
434.39

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

41.3
40.3
41.0

40.6
37.2
41.8

40.4
37.5
41.1

14.27
16.44
16.43

14.93
17.79
17.25

14.93
17.75
17.23

589.35
662.53
673.63

606.15
661.78
721.05

603.17
665.62
708.15

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.3
42.2
42.7

42.1
42.0
43.6

42.1
41.8
43.1

14.28
14.18
15.95

14.49
15.09
16.61

14.49
15.14
16.52

589.76
598.40
681.07

610.02
633.78
724.19

610.02
632.85
712.01

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

43.4
41.2
43.1
42.6

43.0
43.2
42.9
41.7

42.3
42.5
43.3
42.2

15.22
17.40
15.13
14.62

15.48
17.34
14.91
15.01

15.40
17.04
14.96
15.03

660.55
716.88
652.10
622.81

665.64
749.08
639.63
625.91

651.42
724.20
647.76
634.26

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.4
41.6
40.3

41.7
42.1
42.5

41.7
41.4
43.1

13.85
12.21
11.43

14.14
12.61
12.02

14.25
12.71
11.95

559.54
507.94
460.63

589.63
530.88
510.85

594.22
526.19
515.04

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

42.0
41.9

41.1
41.7

40.8
40.9

14.69
15.45

14.88
15.56

14.93
15.64

616.98
647.36

611.56
648.85

609.14
639.68

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.1
41.2
41.7
41.9

42.0
41.2
40.9
42.2

41.9
41.4
40.6
42.2

14.20
15.41
13.77
14.36

14.56
16.01
13.88
14.88

14.58
15.93
14.00
14.83

597.82
634.89
574.21
601.68

611.52
659.61
567.69
627.93

610.90
659.50
568.40
625.82

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.9
44.4
45.2
43.8
41.6
41.4
42.2
42.8
46.7

44.4
45.3
45.9
47.2
42.5
42.7
42.8
42.8
46.7

44.1
44.4
45.5
47.4
42.1
41.5
42.0
42.6
46.2

18.27
19.77
20.39
25.44
15.00
13.04
15.41
19.30
22.53

19.05
20.47
20.70
25.45
15.38
13.59
14.97
20.47
22.17

18.88
20.60
20.44
25.67
15.39
13.56
14.91
20.48
21.85

802.05
877.79
921.63
1,114.27
624.00
539.86
650.30
826.04
1,052.15

845.82
927.29
950.13
1,201.24
653.65
580.29
640.71
876.11
1,035.33

832.60
914.64
930.02
1,216.75
647.91
562.74
626.22
872.44
1,009.47

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.0
37.8
41.8
41.6

41.1
39.6
41.9
43.1

40.6
38.2
41.3
42.2

14.22
12.53
15.27
13.22

14.78
13.39
15.89
13.87

14.79
13.37
16.02
13.70

583.02
473.63
638.29
549.95

607.46
530.24
665.79
597.80

600.47
510.73
661.63
578.14

Mississippi
Jackson

40.8
40.5

40.8
39.8

40.2
39.6

11.06
13.13

11.62
13.12

11.54
13.25

451.25
531.77

474.09
522.17

463.90
524.70

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.8
42.1
42.6
40.6

41.4
42.1
42.5
41.5

40.9
41.4
42.2
42.3

13.96
14.30
15.84
11.83

14.24
14.96
16.39
12.14

14.24
14.87
16.37
12.24

583.53
602.03
674.78
480.30

589.53
629.81
696.57
503.81

582.41
615.61
690.81
517.75

Montana

39.4

39.3

39.0

14.06

14.16

14.10

553.96

556.48

549.90

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

43.0
46.6
44.1

41.4
43.7
40.6

41.5
42.6
41.7

12.77
14.55
13.65

12.85
14.48
14.52

12.82
14.49
14.06

549.11
678.03
601.97

531.99
632.77
589.51

532.03
617.27
586.30

Nevada
Las Vegas

42.1
38.8

42.5
44.3

42.0
43.3

14.07
14.56

13.61
12.38

13.78
12.32

592.35
564.93

578.42
548.43

578.76
533.45

See footnotes at end of table.




122

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

40.6
40.2
42.0
41.4

41.1
39.7
40.7
42.3

41.0
38.8
41.7
42.3

$13.15
13.74
14.29
13.06

$13.21
14.63
13.79
13.37

$13.13
14.61
13.76
13.57

$533.89
552.35
600.18
540.68

$542.93
580.81
561.25
565.55

$538.33
566.86
573.79
574.01

New Jersey

41.4

41.7

41.5

15.02

15.43

15.26

621.83

643.43

633.29

New Mexico
Albuquerque

39.5
39.7

37.1
37.9

36.9
38.1

12.49
14.28

13.00
15.74

12.90
15.37

493.36
566.92

482.30
596.54

476.01
585.59

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.2
42.0
40.7
42.9
39.8
41.7
40.1
39.2
38.8
41.4
42.4
44.9
41.7
41.2
40.9

41.3
42.1
42.3
43.4
40.8
40.7
39.6
39.8
39.1
41.4
42.6
44.9
41.1
40.8
42.8

41.2
41.9
41.5
43.1
40.7
40.5
39.5
39.7
39.0
41.1
42.3
44.6
41.4
40.8
42.9

13.74
15.24
11.05
17.15
12.07
12.77
12.96
12.65
12.37
11.66
15.43
16.00
15.08
12.21
13.24

14.10
15.22
11.34
17.57
12.16
13.10
13.09
13.03
12.85
11.41
16.47
15.91
15.64
12.93
13.13

14.06
15.15
11.34
17.54
12.49
12.93
13.10
13.03
12.84
11.56
16.35
16.07
15.57
12.81
13.05

566.09
640.08
449.74
735.74
480.39
532.51
519.70
495.88
479.96
482.72
654.23
718.40
628.84
503.05
541.52

582.33
640.76
479.68
762.53
496.12
533.17
518.36
518.59
502.43
472.37
701.62
714.35
642.80
527.54
561.96

579.27
634.78
470.61
755.97
508.34
523.66
517.45
517.29
500.76
475.11
691.60
716.72
644.59
522.64
559.84

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

40.8
41.9
40.7
39.7
42.4

41.7
42.8
42.6
40.2
42.8

41.3
42.3
42.0
40.1
42.4

12.24
11.76
13.29
12.51
13.32

12.68
11.73
13.69
12.82
13.89

12.69
11.84
13.72
12.76
13.82

499.39
492.74
540.90
496.65
564.77

528.76
502.04
583.19
515.36
594.49

524.10
500.83
576.24
511.68
565.97

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

40.4
41.5

40.9
40.2

40.9
41.1

11.63
11.23

12.70
13.21

12.67
12.67

469.85
466.05

519.43
531.04

518.20
520.73

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.7
42.4
40.9
43.3
43.6
41.8
43.0
46.0
42.8
43.4
41.3
43.8
41.5

43.3
42.0
40.2
44.1
43.6
42.6
44.4
46.0
44.4
44.4
41.5
44.7
43.4

42.9
41.6
40.1
43.5
43.0
42.4
44.0
45.6
43.9
44.2
41.1
44.2
42.9

16.20
13.54
14.24
15.82
16.16
15.15
17.39
17.68
16.41
16.27
17.95
18.53
18.44

16.61
14.20
14.09
16.21
16.24
15.39
17.29
17.95
17.28
16.95
18.28
18.93
18.01

16.62
14.24
14.03
16.21
16.24
15.27
17.28
17.91
17.52
16.85
18.43
18.72
17.93

691.74
574.10
582.42
685.01
704.58
633.27
747.77
813.28
702.35
706.12
741.34
811.61
765.26

719.21
596.40
566.41
714.86
708.06
655.61
767.67
825.70
767.23
752.58
758.62
846.17
781.63

712.99
592.38
562.60
705.13
698.32
647.44
760.32
816.69
769.12
744.77
757.47
827.42
769.19

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.6
40.3
41.5

41.1
41.9
43.0

40.8
41.7
42.5

12.62
14.09
13.26

13.30
15.07
13.85

13.02
14.52
13.80

512.37
567.83
550.29

546.63
631.43
595.55

531.21
605.48
586.50

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

41.0
40.4
40.5
40.7
39.4

40.5
41.0
39.9
40.7
38.3

39.9
39.4
39.7
40.7
38.1

14.58
14.22
13.82
15.09
12.94

15.06
14.02
13.90
15.37
13.46

15.05
14.19
13.91
15.36
13.27

597.78
574.49
559.71
614.16
509.84

609.93
574.82
554.61
625.56
515.52

600.50
559.09
552.23
625.15
505.59

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

41.9
41.7
39.6
44.1
40.2
38.3
40.7
41.5
42.7
42.7
40.7
42.4
41.8
39.0
42.4

42.2
40.8
40.1
43.9
39.6
39.4
41.2
42.4
43.0
42.9
41.1
42.0
41.8
40.9
42.6

41.9
41.2
39.4
43.3
40.3
38.4
40.8
42.0
42.5
42.4
41.2
41.9
40.3
40.9
42.4

14.11
14.04
12.84
14.61
14.23
11.75
13.26
15.70
15.22
14.63
12.80
14.22
12.29
11.52
14.50

14.41
14.62
13.15
14.79
14.51
11.84
13.62
15.95
15.68
15.14
12.89
14.95
12.96
12.09
15.20

14.43
14.81
13.25
14.63
14.70
11.86
13.64
16.05
15.69
15.12
13.00
14.89
12.65
12.11
15.17

591.21
585.47
508.46
644.30
572.05
450.03
539.68
651.55
649.89
624.70
520.96
602.93
513.72
449.28
614.80

608.10
596.49
527.31
649.28
574.59
466.49
561.14
676.28
674.24
649.50
529.77
627.90
541.72
494.48
647.52

604.61
610.17
522.05
633.47
592.41
455.42
556.51
674.10
666.82
641.08
535.60
623.89
509.79
495.29
643.20

See footnotes at end of table.




123

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

May

April
2000

May
2000P

40.2
41.0

40.6
40.9

40.3
40.7

$11.96
12.21

$12.19
12.30

$12.20
12.25

$480.79
500.61

$494.91
503.07

$491.66
498.57

42.5

42.9

42.6

10.63

10.91

10.91

451.78

468.03

464.76

451.11
427.18
484.88

461.17
430.54
500.41

461.60
432.01
498.40

May
1999

April
2000

May
2000P

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

42.8
40.3
44.0

43.1
40.2
44.6

43.1
40.3
44.5

10.54
10.60
11.02

10.70
10.71
11.22

10.71
10.72
11.20

40.5
41.6
38.8
41.3
39.8
39.7

40.7
41.4
41.0
40.5
40.4
40.2

40.5
42.5
40.5
39.7
40.4
39.1

12.48
11.61
13.16
12.25
13.28
13.36

12.78
12.10
13.09
12.75
13.32
13.79

12.76
12.09
12.92
12.52
13.33
13.92

505.44
482.98
510.61
505.93
528.54
530.39

520.14
500.94
536.69
516.37
538.12
554.35

516.78
513.82
523.26
497.04
538.53
544.27

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.5
42.7
43.4
44.4
42.1

43.2
42.0
43.2
44.7
44.0

43.0
42.1
43.2
44.5
43.8

12.23
12.40
13.36
14.15
9.94

12.31
12.45
13.26
14.51
10.18

12.35
12.43
13.24
14.47
10.19

532.01
529.48
579.82
628.26
418.47

531.79
522.90
572.83
648.60
447.92

531.05
523.30
571.97
643.92
446.32

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.2
40.8

39.9
39.4

39.1
38.8

13.36
13.02

13.66
13.36

13.58
13.37

537.07
531.22

545.03
526.38

530.97
518.75

Vermont
Burlington

38.7
42.9

39.9
45.1

40.1
44.8

13.39
14.13

14.16
15.01

14.13
14.96

518.19
606.18

564.98
676.95

566.61
670.20

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.4
50.0
40.3
44.3
45.9
41.2
42.7
40.7

42.6
53.0
40.1
45.0
44.9
39.9
42.5
39.5

42.1
50.7
42.3
43.8
43.3
39.2
41.7
38.4

13.29
11.61
11.00
13.55
13.14
13.90
16.66
14.13

13.71
12.73
11.65
14.09
13.51
14.21
16.49
14.09

13.63
12.73
11.15
14.09
13.06
14.24
16.34
14.22

563.50
580.50
443.30
600.27
603.13
572.68
711.38
575.09

584.04
674.69
467.16
634.05
606.59
566.97
700.82
556.55

573.82
645.41
471.64
617.14
565.49
558.20
681.37
546.04

Washington

41.2

40.9

41.4

15.92

16.57

16.32

655.90

677.71

675.64

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.6
46.9
40.6
41.1
41.5

41.9
47.8
42.2
42.0
40.5

41.2
47.9
42.3
41.2
39.0

14.03
16.06
15.57
17.57
16.90

14.42
16.52
14.96
18.47
18.16

14.50
16.72
15.16
18.68
17.80

583.65
753.21
632.14
722.13
701.35

604.19
789.65
631.31
775.74
735.48

597.40
800.88
641.26
769.61
694.20

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.5
43.3
40.7
41.5
42.8
39.0
40.4
39.1
41.9
41.5
43.2
42.0

41.8
44.4
40.9
43.1
44.1
38.6
40.6
39.3
41.6
40.9
42.5
42.5

41.8
43.5
44.8
41.9
45.2
38.9
40.4
39.0
41.4
40.8
41.6
43.0

14.49
15.76
12.15
15.32
19.05
16.09
12.86
13.48
15.40
14.47
14.66
14.01

14.88
16.05
12.55
15.71
19.85
17.58
12.55
14.70
15.49
15.13
15.06
14.67

14.87
16.25
13.40
15.80
19.71
17.32
12.71
13.93
15.58
15.48
14.92
14.49

601.34
682.41
494.51
635.78
815.34
627.51
519.54
527.07
645.26
600.51
633.31
588.42

621.98
712.62
513.30
677.10
875.39
678.59
509.53
577.71
644.38
618.82
640.05
623.48

621.57
706.88
600.32
662.02
890.89
673.75
513.48
543.27
645.01
631.58
620.67
623.07

Wyoming

40.3

39.3

38.8

15.43

15.68

15.70

621.83

616.22

609.16

40.2

8.76

9.23

9.06

358.28

377.50

364.21

Puerto Rico

40.9

40.9

Virgin Islands

42.7

0)

19.10

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




815.57

State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

124

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)

1999

2000

Census region and division
May

June

July

Aug.

Oct.

Sept.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,158.0 26,188.6 26,224.2 26,239.4 26,246.5 26,293.0 26,316.7 26,336.6 26,416.3 26,417.1 26,365.5 26,473.3 26,444.3
24,987.2 25,012.9 25,067.2 25,079.7 25,095.2 25,160.3 25,209.1 25,252.8 25,365.3 25,358.2 25,382.3 25,467.0 25,435.9
983.2 1,006.3 1,008.4
1,170.9 1,175.6 1,156.9 1,159.7 1,151.3 1,132.7 1,107.6 1,083.9 1,051.0 1,059.0
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.2
3.7
3.8
4.5
4.0
4.5
3.8

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,129.8
6,887.6
242.2
3.4

7,139.0
6,898.2
240.8
3.4

7,149.4
6,914.7
234.6
3.3

7,154.1
6,920.6
233.5
3.3

7,163.6
6,930.5

7,182.5

7,193.2

6,949.4

233.1
3.3

233.1
3.2

6,965.4
227.8
3.2

7,201.5
6,978.8
222.7

7,226.5
7,019.2
207.3

3.1

2.9

7,232.8
7,018.9
213.9
3.0

7,201.6
7,017.5
184.1
2.6

7,243.3
7,044.0
199.3
2.8

7,225.7
7,029.3
196.4
2.7

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

19,028.3 19,049.5 19,074.8 19,085.3 19,082.9 19,110.5 19,123.5 19,135.1 19,189.8 19,184.3 19,163.9 19,230.0 19,218.6
18,099.6 18,114.7 18,152.5 18,159.1 18,164.7 18,210.9 18,243.7 18,274.0 18,346.1 18,339.3 18,364.8 18,423.0 18,406.6
843.7
918.2
879.8
845.1
928.7
926.2
899.6
861.1
799.1
934.8
922.3
807.0
812.0
4.4
4.4
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.5
4.2
4.9
4.8
4.2
4.2

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

48,186.0 48,277.5 48,351.3 48,440.4 48,581.6 48,748.2 48,881.3 49,012.4 49,142.0 49,249.5 49,307.4 49,322.3 49,393.9
46,171.1 46,266.7 46,382.7 46,469.6 46,607.2 46,774.9 46,929.0 47,076.3 47,254.4 47,330.0 47,382.4 47,434.0 47,469.3
2,014.9 2,010.8 1,968.7 1,970.8 1,974.4 1,973.3 1,952.3 1,936.1 1,887.6 1,919.5 1,925.0 1,888.2 1,924.6
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.9

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,949.6 24,985.5 25,038.7 25,101.1 25,184.6 25,287.9 25,371.0 25,451.4 25,501.4 25,560.9 25,610.5 25,635.3 25,673.2
24,001.5 24,047.4 24,115.0 24,171.2 24,251.2 24,353.3 24,442.8 24,532.8 24,607.7 24,666.1 24,722.8 24,750.9 24,764.9
929.9
933.4
934.6
928.2
893.7
938.1
923.7
884.4
918.6
894.8
887.7
948.0
908.3
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.5

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,177.8
7,802.2
375.6
4.6

8,195.3
7,818.4

8,210.8

376.9
4.6

369.6
4.5

7,841.2

8,212.7
7,844.3
368.4
4.5

8,227.2
7,861.9
365.4
4.4

8,249.2
7,886.2
363.0
4.4

8,259.3
7,904.8
354.5
4.3

8,273.2
7,924.1
349.1
4.2

8,313.7
7,965.4
348.3
4.2

8,334.0
7,978.4
355.6
4.3

8,332.5
7,991.4
341.1
4.1

8,319.8
7,975.2
344.6
4.1

8,336.6
7,986.1
350.5
4.2

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,058.7 15,096.6 15,101.8 15,126.6 15,169.7 15,211.1 15,251.0 15,287.8 15,327.0 15,354.6 15,364.4 15,367.1 15.384.1
14,367.4 14,400.9 14,426.5 14,454.2 14,494.1 14,535.4 14,581.4 14,619.5 14,681.4 14,685.5 14,668.2 14,707.9 14,718.3
672.4
675.7
675.7
691.3
695.7
675.3
669.6
645.6
668.4
669.1
696.2
659.2
665.8
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.3

See footnotes at end of table.




125

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Census region and division
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

33,313.2 33,391.1 33,471.9 33,473.1 33,543.4 33,640.6 33,720.7 33,816.4 33,888.9 33,906.6 33,900.2 33,952.3 33,943.4
32,088.4 32,159.6 32,254.6 32,268.8 32,356.7 32,470.0 32,565.1 32,671.1 32,791.1 32,775.2 32,756.0 32,815.3 32,770.5
1,224.8 1,231.5 1,217.3 1,204.3 1,186.7 1,170.6 1,155.6 1,145.4 1,097.8
1,131.5 1,144.2 1,137.0 1,172.8
3.7
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.3

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

23,171.6 23,224.3 23,280.3 23,272.7 23,306.0 23,360.6 23,404.4 23,448.8 23,506.5 23,516.3 23,491.8 23,554.6 23,535.1
22,262.5 22,309.4 22,373.8 22,372.5 22,415.7 22,474.7 22,528.7 22,579.5 22,670.7 22,659.9 22,629.5 22,690.9 22,659.8
862.4
906.5
890.4
875.7
914.9
900.2
885.9
863.6
869.3
835.8
909.0
875.3
856.4
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.6

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,141.6 10,166.8 10,191.5 10,200.5 10,237.4 10,280.0 10,316.3 10,367.6 10,382.4 10,390.3 10,408.4 10,397.8 10,408.3
9,825.9 9,850.3 9,880.7 9,896.4 9,941.1 9,995.3 10,036.4 10,091.6 10,120.4 10,115.2 10,126.6 10,124.4 10,110.7
281.8
273.4
296.3
279.9
315.7
316.6
310.8
284.7
304.1
276.0
262.0
297.5
275.1
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.5
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.6

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

31,099.9 31,152.0 31,221.3 31,237.0 31,260.6 31,351.4 31,431.9 31,508.3 31,607.8 31,641.1 31,686.0 31,782.0 31,808.6
29,533.3 29,595.8 29,691.5 29,731.2 29,782.0 29,881.2 29,980.9 30,063.4 30,199.9 30,243.5 30,252.1 30,362.3 30,361.6
1,566.6 1,556.2 1,529.8 1,505.8 1,478.7 1,470.2 1,451.0 1,444.9 1,407.8 1,397.5 1,434.0 1,419.8 1,447.1
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.8
5.0

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,811.9
8,431.3
380.6
4.3

8,830.2
8,453.5
376.7
4.3

8,859.4
8,485.5
373.9
4.2

8,873.6
8,502.9
370.7
4.2

8,895.5
8,533.4
362.1
4.1

8,928.4
8,568.6
359.8
4.0

8,960.7
8,609.0
351.8
3.9

8,994.5
8,648.1
346.4
3.9

9,014.4
8,679.3
335.2
3.7

9,020.2
8,682.6
337.6
3.7

9,033.4
8,704.2
329.2
3.6

9,042.3
8,712.9
329.4
3.6

9,043.7
8,726.6
317.1
3.5

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,288.0 22,321.7 22,362.0 22,363.4 22,365.1 22,423.0 22,471.2 22,513.8 22,593.3 22,620.9 22,652.6 22,739.7 22,764.9
21,102.0 21,142.3 21,206.0 21,228.3 21,248.5 21,312.5 21,371.9 21,415.3 21,520.6 21,561.0 21,547.9 21,649.4 21,634.9
1,179.5 1,155.9 1,135.1 1,116.5 1,110.4 1,099.2 1,098.5 1,072.7 1,059.9 1,104.8 1,090.4 1,130.0
1,186.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.9
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.3

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




126

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

2,140.8
2,038.0
102.8
4.8

2,144.9
2.040.2
104.7
4.9

2,151.7
2,047.9
103.8
4.8

2,159.2
2,056.9
102.3
4.7

2,169.6
2,067.2
102.3
4.7

2,182.5
2,079.5
103.0
4.7

2,197.8
2,089.7
108.1
4.9

2,199.9
2,098.4
101.6
4.6

2,186.7
2,095.2
91.5
4.2

2,177.7
2,087.7
90.0
4.1

2,188.2
2,094.9
93.3
4.3

314.1
293.3
20.8
6.6

313.8
293.4
20.4
6.5

314.4
294.5
19.9
6.3

314.9
295.5
19.4
6.2

315.7
296.6
19.1
6.0

316.7
297.7
19.0
6.0

317.6
299.4
18.2
5.7

318.9
300.1
18.9
5.9

319.2
300.7
18.5
5.8

320.1
300.8
19.3
6.0

321.3
300.2
21.1
6.6

321.2
301.5
19.7
6.1

2,357.0
2,247.6
109.4
4.6

2,362.6
2,255.2
107.3
4.5

2,373.7
2,265.7
108.1
4.6

2,378.4
2,271.4
107.0
4.5

2,380.8
2,279.3
101.5
4.3

2,386.9
2,285.3
101.6
4.3

2,392.0
2,292.3
99.7
4.2

2,396.5
2,299.7
96.8
4.0

2,401.2
2,302.6
98.7
4.1

2,398.6
2,303.9
94.7
3.9

2,398.1
2,305.1
93.0
3.9

2,397.2
2,309.0
88.3
3.7

2,396.9
2,305.5
91.4
3.8

1,211.8
1,156.8
55.0
4.5

1,215.9
1,160.7
55.2
4.5

1,220.0
1,165.8
54.1
4.4

1,224.0
1,170.4
53.7
4.4

1,229.5
1,177.2
52.3
4.3

1,236.3
1,184.0
52.3
4.2

1,243.7
1,191.8
51.9
4.2

1,251.8
1,198.6
53.1
4.2

1,256.7
1,201.8
54.9
4.4

1,259.0
1,200.2
58.8
4.7

1,262.4
1,202.6
59.8
4.7

1,260.2
1,204.8
55.4
4.4

1,263.4
1,206.2
57.2
4.5

16,552.7
15,677.4
875.3
5.3

16,580.8
15,713.2
867.7
5.2

16,614.0
15,759.7
854.3
5.1

16,619.5
15,783.6
835.9
5.0

16,630.6
15,807.2
823.4
5.0

16,667.4
15,841.6
825.8
5.0

16,695.4
15,870.9
824.5
4.9

16,726.0
15,898.0
828.0
5.0

16,794.2
15,993.9
800.3
4.8

16,805.4
16,026.8
778.6
4.6

16,820.5
15,987.4
833.1
5.0

16,907.1
16,089.8
817.3
4.8

16,933.5
16,084.8
848.6
5.0

2,252.2
2,186.8
65.4
2.9

2,256.9
2,191.8
65.1
2.9

2,264.3
2,200.0
64.3
2.8

2,265.1
2,201.0
64.1
2.8

2,271.9
2,208.0
63.9
2.8

2,281.1
2,216.0
65.0
2.9

2,292.1
2,227.8
64.3
2.8

2,301.2
2,235.8
65.5
2.8

2,313.5
2,254.3
59.2
2.6

2,312.1
2,247.1
64.9
2.8

2,318.0
2,254.5
63.5
2.7

2,313.4
2,248.2
65.2
2.8

2,307.7
2,257.0
50.7
2.2

1,690.4
1,633.1
57.3
3.4

1,690.3
1,634.2
56.1
3.3

1,689.7
1,637.7
52.0
3.1

1,688.9
1.638.3
50.6
3.0

1,690.2
1,637.8
52.4
3.1

1,694.2
1,642.2
52.0
3.1

1,696.0
1,646.6
49.4
2.9

1,697.1
1,649.9
47.2
2.8

1,706.7
1,668.7
38.0
2.2

1,707.8
1,666.0
41.9
2.5

1,707.2
1,667.4
39.8
2.3

1,709.0
1,669.2
39.8
2.3

1,709.0
1,668.4
40.6
2.4

385.9
371.9
14.0
3.6

385.7
372.0
13.7
3.5

387.0
373.4
13.5
3.5

387.3
374.4
12.9
3.3

389.0
375.8
13.1
3.4

392.0
378.4
13.6
3.5

394.3
380.6
13.7
3.5

396.7
383.0
13.8
3.5

397.0
384.8
12.2
3.1

397.8
384.0
13.7
3.5

400.6
387.9
12.7
3.2

404.9
390.3
14.6
3.6

406.6
391.8
14.8
3.6

281.5
263.7
17.9
6.3

283.1
265.8
17.3
6.1

283.6
266.8
16.8
5.9

285.0
268.2
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.6
16.8
5.9

284.7
268.2
16.5
5.8

284.9
268.0
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.3
17.1
6.0

279.9
263.2
16.7
6.0

280.8
265.3
15.5
5.5

280.0
263.9
16.1
5.8

281.0
265.5
15.5
5.5

278.6
263.5
15.1
5.4

7,319.3
7,035.2
284.0
3.9

7,339.0
7,058.7
280.3
3.8

7,359.7
7,085.4
274.3
3.7

7,381.2
7,104.5
276.6
3.7

7,406.6
7,127.4
279.1
3.8

7,446.6
7,162.0
284.6
3.8

7,483.6
7,193.4
290.2
3.9

7,508.2
7,221.2
287.1
3.8

7,540.4
7,260.4
280.0
3.7

7,547.8
7,265.2
282.6
3.7

7,564.4
7,280.1
284.3
3.8

7,591.7
7,303.1
288.6
3.8

7,588.9
7,304.2
284.8
3.8

May

June

2,130.4
2.026.9
103.4
4.9

2,134.4
2,030.1
104.3
4.9

314.8
293.5
21.3
6.8

July

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rorida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

4,090.9
3,927.1
163.8
4.0

4,096.8
3,934.1
162.7
4.0

4,104.1
3,944.2
159.9
3.9

4,109.7
3,955.3
154.5
3.8

4,110.2
3,962.2
148.1
3.6

4,118.8
3,970.4
148.3
3.6

593.3
559.8
33.5
5.6

593.8
561.3
32.4
5.5

594.5
562.3
32.2
5.4

596.3
564.6
31.7
5.3

597.8
566.0
31.8
5.3

598.9
567.6
31.3
5.2

651.8
616.0
35.8
5.5

652.8
617.3
35.6
5.4

654.7
620.0
34.7
5.3

656.0
622.0
34.0
5.2

656.4
623.8
32.6
5.0

658.6
626.7
31.9
4.8

6,383.3
6,103.5
279.9
4.4

6,401.7
6,118.9
282.7
4.4

6,422.8
6,137.2
285.6
4.4

6,409.9
6,126.0
283.9
4.4

6,412.9
6,135.4
277.5
4.3

3,070.2
2,974.3
96.0
3.1

3,071.2
2,977.0
94.2
3.1

3,070.7
2,981.5
89.2
2.9

3,076.7
2,983.8
92.9
3.0

1,568.9
1,528.1
40.8
2.6

1,573.2
1,532.9
40.4
2.6

1,574.9
1,534.4
40.4
2.6

1,428.9
1.387.7
41.2
2.9

1,429.5
1,390.0
39.5
2.8

1,971.7
1,879.9
91.8
4.7

May

June

4,082.7
3,915.5
167.2
4.1

4,088.2
3,920.1
168.1
4.1

593.3
559.4
33.9
5.7

Feb.

Mar.

4,118.5
3,970.0
148.5
3.6

4,144.7
4,003.0
141.6
3.4

4.145.2
4,003.0
142.2
3.4

4,152.8
4,005.4
147.4
3.6

4,177.2
4,027.6
149.6
3.6

599.5
568.8
30.7
5.1

602.5
573.0
29.4
4.9

601.3
572.9
28.4
4.7

603.8
575.5
28.3
4.7

603.1
577.4
25.7
4.3

603.5
577.3
26.1
4.3

660.1
629.8
30.3
4.6

662.8
633.6
29.1
4.4

661.9
633.0
28.9
4.4

663.1
633.9
29.2
4.4

667.1
640.1
26.9
4.0

671.2
641.7
29.5
4.4

670.8
641.9
28.9
4.3

6,413.1
6,138.9
274.2
4.3

6,411.4
6,140.8
270.6
4.2

6,409.8
6,139.5
270.3
4.2

6,420.2
6,158.6
261.6
4.1

6,434.1
6,156.5
277.6
4.3

6,420.4
6,139.2
281.3
4.4

6,454.0
6,178.2
275.8
4.3

6,437.6
6,160.8
276.8
4.3

3,074.9
2,982.1
92.8
3.0

3,090.3
2,998.5
91.8
3.0

3,098.1
3,005.7
92.3
3.0

3,104.5
3,014.3
90.3
2.9

3,116.3
3,022.6
93.8
3.0

3,122.5
3,022.7
99.9
3.2

3,109.4
3,008.9
100.4
3.2

3,114.0
3,006.3
107.7
3.5

3,111.9
3,013.4
98.6
3.2

1,576.4
1,536.3
40.1
2.5

1,575.9
1,537.6
38.3
2.4

1,578.1
1,541.4
36.7
2.3

1,578.9
1,544.1
34.8
2.2

1,585.5
1,550.9
34.6
2.2

1,583.9
1,546.4
37.6
2.4

1,586.9
1,551.8
35.1
2.2

1,585.1
1,551.9
33.2
2.1

1,581.6
1,546.6
35.0
2.2

1,578.1
1,541.9
36.2
2.3

1,435.5
1,394.6
40.9
2.8

1,435.7
1,393.9
41.8
2.9

1,438.6
1,395.3
43.3
3.0

1,442.4
1,398.7
43.7
3.0

1,445.3
1,399.8
45.5
3.1

1,448.4
1,401.4
47.0
3.2

1,451.9
1,407.5
44.4
3.1

1,451.2
1,403.7
47.5
3.3

1,450.6
1,403.8
46.8
3.2

1,450.9
1,402.5
48.4
3.3

1,453.2
1,403.6
49.6
3.4

1,976.4
1,883.9
92.5
4.7

1,972.9
1,884.9
88.0
4.5

1,973.8
1,886.7
87.0
4.4

1,975.8
1,889.8
86.0
4.4

1,978.4
1,893.3
85.1
4.3

1,975.8
1,895.3
80.5
4.1

1,972.5
1,895.6
76.9
3.9

1,981.2
1,906.6
74.7
3.8

1,991.5
1,908.6
82.9
4.2

1,990.8
1,913.7
77.1
3.9

1,986.1
1,909.3
76.8
3.9

1,992.0
1,912.7
79.3
4.0

2,041.4
1,938.5
103.0
5.0

2,044.7
1,943.2
101.4
5.0

2,049.8
1,948.2
101.6
5.0

2,050.3
1,949.4
100.9
4.9

2,054.5
1,953.1
101.4
4.9

2,056.8
1,957.3
99.5
4.8

2,056.1
1,963.3
92.9
4.5

2,046.4
1,959.3
87.1
4.3

2,044.1
1,948.6
95.4
4.7

2,041.0
1,943.5
97.5
4.8

2,053.7
1,947.0
106.7
5.2

2,060.3
1,969.8
90.5
4.4

2,063.7
1,962.0
101.6
4.9

668.5
638.5
29.9
4.5

671.0
641.0
29.9
4.5

671.2
644.3
27.0
4.0

673.6
645.9
27.7
4.1

678.3
650.8
27.5
4.1

680.9
654.5
26.4
3.9

683.7
658.3
25.5
3.7

686.9
661.8
25.1
3.7

692.1
667.8
24.3
3.5

695.3
671.8
23.6
3.4

696.1
671.5
24.5
3.5

698.4
675.3
23.1
3.3

700.6
675.9
24.7
3.5

July

Jan.

Apr.

MayP

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
...
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate

..

Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

2,751.4
2,650.9
100.5
3.7

2,753.9
2,655.8
98.1
3.6

2,753.1
2,656.7
96.4
3.5

2,758.6
2,663.5
95.1
3.4

2,780.4
2,686.4
94.0
3.4

2,794.4
2,700.5
93.9
3.4

2,805.4
2,714.1
91.4
3.3

2,817.8
2,726.6
91.2
3.2

2,828.8
2,742.1
86.7
3.1

2,822.1
2,738.3
83.8
3.0

2,823.3
2,738.1
85.1
3.0

2,824.6
2,733.4
91.3
3.2

2,825.7
2,728.9
96.8
3.4

3,270.6
3.165.3
105.3
3.2

3,273.5
3,169.0
104.6
3.2

3,279.8
3,173.9
106.0
3.2

3,281.8
3,175.3
106.5
3.2

3,285.1
3,179.5
105.5
3.2

3,292.2
3,184.7
107.5
3.3

3,293.3
3,186.3
107.1
3.3

3,293.7
3,188.1
105.7
3.2

3,299.7
3,201.0
98.7
3.0

3,304.4
3,201.9
102.5
3.1

3,273.7
3,195.5
78.1
2.4

3,301.9
3,209.7
92.2
2.8

3,289.1
3,205.3
83.8
2.5

5,151.0
4,953.8
197.2
3.8

5,158.2
4,963.0
195.3
3.8

5,164.4
4,972.4
192.0
3.7

5.144.3
4,957.5
186.8
3.6

5,137.4
4,950.3
187.2
3.6

5,130.5
4,940.6
189.9
3.7

5,116.0
4,928.8
187.3
3.7

5,092.3
4,909.7
182.6
3.6

5,101.0
4,937.5
163.4
3.2

5,070.8
4,932.0
138.8
2.7

5,079.2
4,933.3
145.9
2.9

5,098.4
4,946.2
152.2
3.0

5,099.7
4,934.3
165.4
3.2

2,683.3
2,604.4
78.8
2.9

2,691.4
2,610.2
81.3
3.0

2,699.7
2,619.1
80.6
3.0

2,701.9
2,623.9
78.0
2.9

2,708.8
2,633.5
75.3
2.8

2,717.8
2,645.4
72.4
2.7

2,727.7
2,657.8
69.9
2.6

2,739.0
2,671.8
67.3
2.5

2,747.0
2,677.5
69.5
2.5

2,748.7
2,677.0
71.7
2.6

2,755.1
2,680.0
75.1
2.7

2,761.2
2,689.0
72.3
2.6

2,769.1
2,684.8
84.3
3.0

1,259.3
1,194.1
65.3
5.2

1,263.4
1,198.6
64.8
5.1

1,268.4
1,204.6
63.8
5.0

1,269.9
1,206.5
63.4
5.0

1,277.9
1,212.8
65.2
5.1

1,285.4
1,219.4
66.1
5.1

1,291.3
1,226.5
64.8
5.0

1,300.0
1,233.7
66.3
5.1

1,305.3
1,238.3
67.0
5.1

1,313.6
1,240.2
73.4
5.6

1,313.6
1,240.9
72.8
5.5

1,318.2
1,245.7
72.5
5.5

1,321.6
1,245.4
76.3
5.8

2,826.1
2,722.1
104.0
3.7

2,836.2
2,729.9
106.3
3.7

2,840.1
2,740.8
99.3
3.5

2,841.2
2,745.5
95.7
3.4

2,862.0
2,770.5
91.5
3.2

2,881.3
2,796.8
84.5
2.9

2,895.5
2,811.5
84.0
2.9

2,916.0
2,832.9
83.1
2.8

2,918.9
2,851.1
67.8
2.3

2,916.2
2,840.6
75.6
2.6

2,931.5
2,846.0
85.5
2.9

2,916.2
2,844.7
71.5
2.5

2,925.6
2,842.8
82.8
2.8

473.2
448.2
25.0
5.3

473.2
448.6
24.6
5.2

474.9
450.5
24.5
5.1

473.8
449.4
24.5
5.2

473.7
449.4
24.3
5.1

475.7
451.8
23.8
5.0

476.5
453.2
23.3
4.9

477.4
454.4
23.0
4.8

478.4
455.0
23.4
4.9

477.9
454.9
23.0
4.8

480.5
457.6
22.9
4.8

480.5
456.9
23.6
4.9

481.6
457.8
23.8
4.9

900.1
873.1
27.0
3.0

903.0
876.8
26.2
2.9

906.8
880.8
26.0
2.9

910.6
884.6
25.9
2.8

915.9
890.3
25.6
2.8

922.0
896.6
25.4
2.8

929.2
904.2
25.0
2.7

937.4
913.1
24.3
2.6

937.5
915.3
22.2
2.4

942.5
917.5
25.0
2.7

941.0
918.1
22.9
2.4

944.3
916.9
27.4
2.9

941.5
915.4
26.1
2.8

935.2
892.2
43.1
4.6

938.8
894.6
44.2
4.7

941.9
897.8
44.2
4.7

945.7
901.6
44.1
4.7

949.5
905.8
43.7
4.6

954.9
912.2
42.7
4.5

958.6
917.2
41.4
4.3

963.8
924.3
39.5
4.1

961.6
922.6
38.9
4.1

964.9
929.3
35.5
3.7

965.6
929.3
36.3
3.8

973.9
937.0
37.0
3.8

978.6
945.0
33.5
3.4

662.7
644.2
18.4
2.8

665.1
646.7
18.4
2.8

666.2
648.6
17.6
2.6

666.8
649.5
17.3
2.6

668.5
651.7
16.9
2.5

672.1
655.0
17.1
2.5

674.8
658.0
16.8
2.5

677.3
661.1
16.2
2.4

681.7
664.1
17.7
2.6

683.4
665.9
17.5
2.6

679.0
664.4
14.6
2.2

680.6
663.9
16.7
2.5

682.3
663.9
18.4
2.7

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




129

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

t

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

4,201.4
4,000.0
201.3
4.8

4,207.3
4,005.3
202.0
4.8

4,217.1
4,017.8
199.3
4.7

4,220.2
4,022.2
198.0
4.7

4,218.1
4,023.3
194.8
4.6

4,229.8
4,039.4
190.4
4.5

4,233.5
4,048.6
184.9
4.4

4,236.4
4,056.9
179.5
4.2

4,223.7
4,057.1
166.6
3.9

4,233.9
4,060.0
173.9
4.1

4,225.3
4,068.5
156.8
3.7

4,246.1
4,083.6
162.5
3.8

4,238.4
4,077.2
161.2
3.8

801.0
756.1
44.9
5.6

801.8
757.5
44.3
5.5

802.4
758.6
43.8
5.5

807.2
762.6
44.6
5.5

812.2
766.8
45.4
5.6

816.8
770.8
46.0
5.6

824.2
777.2
47.0
5.7

831.9
783.6
48.3
5.8

833.2
788.7
44.4
5.3

835.2
789.4
45.8
5.5

835.7
791.1
44.6
5.3

837.0
791.7
45.3
5.4

838.5
792.0
46.5
5.5

8,856.8
8,392.0
464.8
5.2

8,865.7
8,398.6
467.1
5.3

8,881.5
8,422.3
459.2
5.2

8,885.3
8,424.9
460.4
5.2

8,891.8
8,429.5
462.3
5.2

8,906.9
8,455.3
451.7
5.1

8,918.7
8,477.3
441.4
4.9

8,929.7
8,497.5
432.2
4.8

8,971.9
8,534.0
437.9
4.9

8,962.5
8,542.0
420.6
4.7

8,979.5
8,570.6
408.9
4.6

9,024.8
8,606.9
417.9
4.6

9,028.5
8,617.2
411.3
4.6

3,864.3
3,743.6
120.7
3.1

3,863.8
3,744.7
119.1
3.1

3,882.9
3,761.5
121.4
3.1

3,888.6
3,764.5
124.1
3.2

3,891.0
3,766.0
125.1
3.2

3,901.4
3,774.9
126.6
3.2

3,904.9
3,779.1
125.8
3.2

3,905.1
3,781.2
124.0
3.2

3,914.0
3,788.3
125.7
3.2

3,930.1
3,797.8
132.3
3.4

3,953.5
3,820.3
133.2
3.4

3,932.5
3,813.3
119.2
3.0

3,930.9
3.802.3
128.6
3.3

335.2
323.4
11.8
3.5

334.4
323.3
11.1
3.3

335.2
323.3
11.9
3.6

335.1
324.1
11.0
3.3

336.3
325.4
10.9
3.2

337.2
326.3
10.9
3.2

338.3
328.1
10.2
3.0

339.3
329.6
9.7
2.9

340.9
330.0
10.9
3.2

341.5
330.9
10.5
3.1

341.3
331.5
9.7
2.9

339.8
330.3
9.4
2.8

337.9
329.7
8.3
2.4

5,711.3
5,464.5
246.9
4.3

5,734.7
5,476.6
258.1
4.5

5,753.4
5,498.3
255.1
4.4

5,761.9
5,509.7
252.2
4.4

5,786.0
5,536.5
249.6
4.3

5,803.0
5,559.1
243.9
4.2

5,825.1
5,587.4
237.6
4.1

5,855.1
5,617.5
237.6
4.1

5,869.1
5,634.9
234.2
4.0

5,886.4
5,631.3
255.1
4.3

5,875.6
5,632.7
242.9
4.1

5,872.7
5,646.4
226.3
3.9

5,870.1
5,636.2
233.9
4.0

1,644.5
1,587.5
57.0
3.5

1,647.8
1,592.5
55.3
3.4

1,649.0
1,595.8
53.2
3.2

1,651.2
1,597.8
53.4
3.2

1,652.6
1,599.7
52.9
3.2

1,655.2
1,602.5
52.7
3.2

1,656.6
1,603.5
53.1
3.2

1,658.4
1,604.3
54.1
3.3

1,653.7
1,608.0
45.7
2.8

1,653.2
1,605.3
47.9
2.9

1,651.1
1,599.3
51.8
3.1

1,653.2
1,606.0
47.3
2.9

1,647.6
1,601.1
46.5
2.8

1,747.2
1,645.2
102.1
5.8

1,750.8
1,647.2
103.6
5.9

1,757.1
1,655.6
101.5
5.8

1,753.5
1,651.8
101.7
5.8

1,746.6
1,647.4
99.3
5.7

1,767.1
1,670.8
96.2
5.4

1,788.3
1,695.6
92.7
5.2

1,800.7
1,710.6
90.2
5.0

1,802.2
1,717.5
84.8
4.7

1,813.8
1,725.2
88.6
4.9

1,817.7
1,732.7
84.9
4.7

1,827.7
1,743.6
84.1
4.6

1,823.5
1,731.7
91.8
5.0

5,970.1
5,707.6
262.5
4.4

5,976.6
5,710.9
265.7
4.4

5,976.2
5,712.4
263.8
4.4

5,979.8
5,712.0
267.7
4.5

5,973.0
5,711.8
261.2
4.4

5,973.8
5,716.3
257.5
4.3

5,971.3
5,717.9
253.4
4.2

5,969.1
5,719.6
249.5
4.2

5,994.2
5,755.0
239.2
4.0

5,987.9
5,737.3
250.6
4.2

5,959.1
5,725.6
233.4
3.9

5,959.1
5,732.6
226.6
3.8

5,951.6
5,712.2
239.5
4.0

503.2
481.8
21.4
4.2

504.0
482.4
21.5
4.3

505.7
484.2
21.4
4.2

506.4
485.1
21.3
4.2

505.1
484.5
20.6
4.1

505.8
485.6
20.2
4.0

507.1
487.3
19.8
3.9

507.1
487.8
19.3
3.8

504.9
485.6
19.2
3.8

502.0
483.0
18.9
3.8

505.4
486.4
19.0
3.8

513.8
494.6
19.2
3.7

504.5
484.3
20.3
4.0

1,954.5
1,865.2
89.3
4.6

1,951.6
1,864.7
86.9
4.5

1,954.5
1,868.9
85.6
4.4

1,960.0
1,872.5
87.5
4.5

1,965.5
1,875.5
90.1
4.6

1,974.1
1,883.1
91.0
4.6

1,980.8
1,890.8
90.0
4.5

1,989.8
1,902.5
87.4
4.4

1,986.0
1,900.3
85.7
4.3

1,984.0
1,902.8
81.3
4.1

1,984.7
1,911.2
73.5
3.7

1,983.6
1,914.7
69.0
3.5

2,004.0
1,923.3
80.7
4.0

Apr.

MayP

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




130

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

MayP

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

399.2
387.1
12.1
3.0

399.1
387.2
11.8
3.0

399.4
387.6
11.8
2.9

399.7
388.0
11.7
2.9

399.8
388.6
11.2
2.8

401.2
390.1
11.1
2.8

401.4
390.9
10.5
2.6

402.0
392.0
10.0
2.5

402.2
392.6
9.6
2.4

403.3
393.8
9.5
2.4

403.9
395.2
8.6
2.1

403.8
394.3
9.4
2.3

402.9
392.6
10.3
2.6

2,816.4
2,701.3
115.1
4.1

2,821.2
2,705.8
115.4
4.1

2,828.7
2,713.6
115.1
4.1

2,824.2
2,711.0
113.2
4.0

2,821.8
2,711.4
110.4
3.9

2,826.2
2,716.7
109.5
3.9

2,822.6
2,715.8
106.8
3.8

2,818.2
2,715.3
102.9
3.7

2,829.4
2,730.8
98.5
3.5

2,829.0
2,731.3
97.7
3.5

2,841.4
2,741.7
99.7
3.5

2,837.8
2,732.5
105.3
3.7

2,834.7
2,733.1
101.6
3.6

10,161.0
9,684.6
476.4
4.7

10,188.3
9,704.4
483.9
4.7

10,183.1
9,716.7
466.3
4.6

10,201.0
9,736.5
464.5
4.6

10,233.1
9,764.1
469.0
4.6

10,262.7
9,791.6
471.1
4.6

10,294.6
9,822.8
471.8
4.6

10,331.2
9,857.2
474.0
4.6

10,372.5
9,922.9
449.5
4.3

10,401.3
9,936.5
464.8
4.5

10,397.2
9,919.3
477.9
4.6

10,393.4
9,927.4
466.0
4.5

10,409.5
9,949.0
460.5
4.4

1,079.5
1,036.0
43.5
4.0

1,081.8
1,039.3
42.5
3.9

1,084.5
1,042.9
41.7
3.8

1,085.7
1,045.9
39.8
3.7

1,088.7
1,050.4
38.3
3.5

1,091.8
1,055.4
36.3
3.3

1,094.4
1,060.5
33.9
3.1

1,098.2
1,065.7
32.6
3.0

1,102.5
1,071.6
30.9
2.8

1,106.6
1,072.9
33.6
3.0

1,107.0
1,075.4
31.6
2.9

1,106.9
1,076.7
30.2
2.7

1,107.8
1,075.7
32.1
2.9

334.5
324.5
9.9
3.0

335.2
324.9
10.3
3.1

336.7
326.0
10.7
3.2

336.7
326.5
10.1
3.0

336.4
326.2
10.2
3.0

337.3
327.4
9.9
2.9

338.3
329.0
9.4
2.8

339.3
330.1
9.3
2.7

341.3
332.0
9.3
2.7

339.9
330.3
9.5
2.8

340.3
332.2
8.1
2.4

339.5
331.3
8.2
2.4

340.2
331.6
8.6
2.5

3,489.1
3,390.7
98.4
2.8

3,499.1
3,399.5
99.7
2.8

3,507.3
3,409.2
98.1
2.8

3,523.9
3,424.1
99.8
2.8

3,545.6
3,444.5
101.1
2.9

3,568.4
3,467.5
100.8
2.8

3,593.7
3,492.7
101.0
2.8

3,620.6
3,520.4
100.2
2.8

3,628.5
3,535.4
93.0
2.6

3,642.4
3,544.4
98.0
2.7

3,650.2
3,551.0
99.2
2.7

3,656.3
3,558.4
97.9
2.7

3,644.4
3,552.4
92.1
2.5

3,079.9
2,926.5
153.4
5.0

3,082.7
2,928.7
154.0
5.0

3,083.2
2,936.0
147.3
4.8

3,081.5
2,936.2
145.4
4.7

3,076.6
2,933.9
142.7
4.6

3,075.1
2,937.6
137.5
4.5

3,071.9
2,940.1
131.8
4.3

3,070.0
2,938.5
131.4
4.3

3,075.6
2,936.2
139.4
4.5

3,081.1
2,935.4
145.8
4.7

3,090.5
2,951.4
139.1
4.5

3,080.5
2,938.4
142.2
4.6

3,083.3
2,939.5
143.7
4.7

820.8
764.7
56.1
6.8

821.1
766.1
55.0
6.7

819.7
765.9
53.9
6.6

819.7
765.4
54.3
6.6

818.0
763.9
54.1
6.6

816.6
763.5
53.1
6.5

813.2
761.9
51.3
6.3

809.8
760.2
49.6
6.1

808.3
763.2
45.1
5.6

811.2
765.3
45.9
5.7

808.6
767.2
41.3
5.1

807.9
766.9
40.9
5.1

816.9
771.0
45.9
5.6

2,855.6
2,766.5
89.1
3.1

2,858.4
2,773.8
84.6
3.0

2,869.0
2,784.4
84.6
2.9

2,879.9
2,795.5
84.4
2.9

2,894.8
2,811.5
83.3
2.9

2,923.7
2,837.5
86.1
2.9

2,953.9
2,866.0
87.9
3.0

2,987.2
2,898.5
88.6
3.0

3,000.0
2,917.2
82.8
2.8

3,002.5
2,917.4
85.0
2.8

3,007.2
2,915.4
91.8
3.1

3,015.5
2,913.8
101.6
3.4

3,015.7
2,915.1
100.6
3.3

262.0
248.6
13.5
5.1

262.4
249.2
13.2
5.0

263.0
250.2
12.8
4.9

261.8
249.1
12.7
4.8

262.4
249.9
12.5
4.8

262.7
250.3
12.4
4.7

262.8
251.0
11.8
4.5

262.6
251.0
11.6
4.4

262.2
251.4
10.7
4.1

262.0
251.1
10.9
4.2

261.6
251.2
10.4
4.0

262.2
251.7
10.5
4.0

261.9
251.8
10.0
3.8

1,308.7
1,160.0
148.8
11.4

1,300.7
1,156.0
144.7
11.1

1,281.3
1,146.7
134.6
10.5

1,292.8
1,139.9
152.9
11.8

1.289.C
1,139.3
150.0
11.6

1,292.7
1,138.1
154.6
12.0

1,286.0
1,132.1
153.8
12.0

1,296.2
1,146.9
149.3
11.5

1,305.9
1,159.2
146.7
11.2

1,307.3
1,172.5
134.8
10.3

1,321.0
1,183.5
137.5
10.4

1,307.9
1,171.5
136.4
10.4

1,343.3
1,203.1
140.2
10.4

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Ulan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Puerto Rico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a
monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are




provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information
becomes available.

131

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
April

Apri

May

2000

86.0
2.5
1.3
13.1
3.0
29
3.2
1.9
4.5
11 3
5.2
2.2

4.6
4.8
3.7
3.1
4.2
40
5.9
7.4
3.1
4.4
3.4
2.8

3.9
4.3
2.5
2.6
4.0
38
4.6
3.9
2.4
4.1
3.1
2.4

4.5
4.9
3.7
3.0
4.3
4 1
6.3
7.1
3.1
4.5
33
3.1

3.9
4.5
2.6
2.7
4.0
42
4.8
3.7
2.6
4.1
3.1
2.5

21.2
6.6

19.6
6.2

6.7
4.7

6.6
4.6

6.7
4.7

6.1
4.4

78.8
2.6
36.1
9.7
16.3

108.7
3.6
48.2
10.4
27.5

90.8
2.7
39.7
10.6
23.3

4.2
5.9
3.0
2.5
29.2

3.3
4.4
2.3
2.5
25.7

4.6
5.9
3.1
2.7
37.6

3.8
4.5
2.5
2.7
33.5

51.8
3.2
3.4
1.3
8.5
2.6

51.7
2.9
3.2
1.3
9.7
2.4

51.3
3.2
3.6
1.3
8.5
2.5

53.3
3.0
3.5
1.4
10.5
2.4

4.3
2.3
3.6
3.0
2.9
7.2

4.1
2.0
3.2
3.0
3.2
6.5

4.2
2.3
3.7
3.1
2.9
7.0

4.2
2.0
3.5
3.2
3.4
6.5

16,849.1
283.7
87.8
438.9
4,677.9
87.7
205.8
1,223.6
1,505.1
75.7
1,494.9
804.2
200.8
1,386.6
968.6
964.1
112.6
204.3
141.3
257.4
257.9
265.8
405.3
170.6
94.0
59.0

871.7
35.8
6.1
64.8
261.0
12.9
23.9
39.6
36.8
5.6
68.7
30.4
20.0
40.6
22.9
31.0
3.6
7.8
11.2
6.8
23.4
11.1
15.9
31.6
4.1
8.1

793.1
31.1
5.8
62.7
246.8
12.5
21.9
31.9
34.4
4.8
66.4
29.8
18.6
37.5
17.9
19.2
3.1
6.7
8.9
6.0
22.0
9.7
14.2
24.9
3.6
7.8

802.5
29.5
5.6
58.5
248.0
11.1
22.7
37.3
35.9
4.7
67.6
29.4
13.6
39.2
21.7
28.7
3.4
6.5
7.6
6.0
21.5
9.9
15.1
25.8
3.4
7.4

776.1
29.4
5.6
59.1
247.0
11.7
22.5
32.4
34.5
4.5
68.1
29.8
14.0
38.0
18.4
18.6
3.1
5.8
5.9
6.0
21.2
9.7
14.4
22.4
3.3
7.5

5.3
12.9
7.1
15.3
5.7
15.4
11.9
3.3
2.5
7.9
4.8
3.9
10.3
3.0
2.4
3.2
3.3
3.9
7.8
2.7
9.4
4.4
4.0
19.0
4.7
14.6

4.7
11.2
6.6
14.6
5.3
14.5
10.8
2.6
2.3
6.4
4.4
3.7
9.3
2.7
1.9
2.0
2.8
3.3
6.4
2.4
8.7
3.7
3.5
15.0
3.8
13.6

4.9
10.6
6.5
13.5
5.4
13.1
11.4
3.1
2.5
6.6
4.7
3.8
7.0
2.9
2.3
3.0
3.0
3.2
5.4
2.4
8.5
3.9
3.8
15.5
3.8
13.0

4.6
10.4
6.4
13.5
5.3
13.4
10.9
2.6
2.3
5.9
4.6
3.7
7.0
2.7
1.9
1.9
2.7
2.9
4.2
2.3
8.2
3.7
3.6
13.1
3.5
12.7

2,238.0
174.5
254.9
1,130.3
138.7
58.4
86.4
60.0

2,293.3
177.3
261.6
1,162.6
141.9
59.3
87.2
58.0

60.8
4.1
7.9
24.7
3.9
2.0
2.8
2.7

59.2
4.1
7.9
24.7
4.0
2.0
2.6
2.3

65.5
4.5
8.3
26.2
4.2
2.0
3.0
2.8

50.7
3.5
6.7
21.0
3.4
1.6
2.3
1.8

2.7
2.4
3.1
2.2
2.8
3.5
3.2
4.5

2.6
2.3
3.1
2.2
2.9
3.4
3.0
4.0

2.9
2.6
3.3
2.3
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.6

2.2
2.0
2.6
1.8
2.4
2.7
2.6
3.2

1,695.1
214.0
108.8
574.6
270.7
152.0
194.1
113.7

1,689.0
214.6
107.8
574.5
267.4
150.7
191.3
115.2

1,707.8
216.3
109.6
578.2
272.2
153.0
195.0
115.9

52.5
8.0
2.6
18.1
8.2
4.7
4.0
4.7

36.0
5.5
1.5
12.8
5.9
3.4
2.6
3.0

59.3
9.4
2.8
20.3
9.6
5.2
4.7
5.0

42.7
6.5
1.8
15.1
7.2
4.0
3.0
3.6

3.1
3.8
2.4
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.1
4.1

2.1
2.6
1.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.3
2.7

3.5
4.4
2.6
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.5
4.3

2.5
3.0
1.7
2.6
2.7
2.6
1.5
3.1

401.5
71 3
300.3

381.4
66.6
286.5

401.7
71.5
299.1

12.6
2.3
8.8

13.1
2.4
9.4

12.3
2.4
8.2

13.1
2.6
9.6

3.3
3.5
3.0

3.3
3.4
3.1

3.2
3.6
2.9

3.2
3.6
3.2

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000P

2,129.3
54.3
48.9
468.8
71.9
65 9
65.9
50.1
170.6
267.3
162.6
83.6

2,173.7
54.6
49.6
484.9
74.5
68.3
67.0
49.2
174.7
273.7
169.2
85.8

2,124.3
54.1
48.9
468.3
72.0
65.9
65.9
49.2
170.3
267.5
162.3
83.0

2,182.1
54.8
50.0
487.0
75.0
68.6
67.6
49.8
175.5
274.6
169.3
86.0

98.1
2.6
1.8
14.6
3.1
27
3.9
3.7
5.3
11.9
5.4
2.3

84.2
2.3
1.3
12.6
3.0
2.6
3.1
1.9
4.3
11.3
5.2
2.0

96.0
2.6
1.8
14.0
3.1
27
4.1
3.5
5.2
12.0
5.4
2.6

..

308.2
138.9

314.8
141.9

314.2
139.2

320.8
142.5

20.6
6.5

20.9
6.6

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,337.0
60.7
1,557.4
378.9
67 6

2,383.1
59.4
1,591.9
396.1
63.6

2,358.0
61.2
1,568.3
381.3
73.2

2,398.6
59.0
1,598.0
397.9
69.4

98.3
3.6
46.0
9.6
19.8

1,208.8
140.9
95.6
41.5
294.0
35.7

1,259.3
150.6
99.2
43.4
307.6
36.9

1,217.6
142.2
96.2
42.1
296.0
35.8

1,269.0
152.2
99.7
43.9
308.9
37.0

16,414.1 16,793.0
California
277.8
277.1
Bakersfield
87.3
86.3
Chico-Paradise
429.7
424.6
Fresno
4,685.4
4,573.1
Los Angeles-Long Beach
86.3
83.5
Merced .
203.3
199.7
Modesto
1,220.2
1,205.6
Oakland
1,503.4
1,462.1
Orange County
74.9
71.7
Redding
1,491.4
1,429.6
Riverside-San Bernardino
. .
806 7
781 4
Sacramento
198.8
194.3
Salinas
1,383.1
1,353.4
San Diego
.
...
946.7
963.7
San Francisco
965 2
958 2
San Jose
112.0
110.8
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
203.3
199.1
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
140.2
142.9
Santa Cruz-Watsonville . .
254.8
249.1
Santa Rosa
.
...
252.3
249 6
Stockton-Lodi
261.6
250.1
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
405.9
395.0
Ventura
166.7
165 9
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
88 4
93.1
Yolo
57.3
55.7
Yuba City

16,468.2
277.6
85.6
432.5
4,598.7
84.7
200.1
1,207.4
1,461.7
71.8
1,430.7
779.6
193.5
1,354.5
950.6
957 0
110.2
200.0
142.5
251.7
252.9
252.4
394.3
167.2
89.1
56.7

2,220.6
173.0
252.0
1,114 5
136.9
57.5
85.9
59.6

2,282.1
176.6
258.7
1,144.9
139.9
58.8
87.1
57.5

1,677.2
211.7
106.9
570 8
268.5
149.2
190.0
113.6
383.6
66 9
289.6

Alaska
Anchorage

.

...

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden .
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

...

.
.

.

'

.

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

..

See footnotes at end of table.




May

1999

1999

1999
Alabama
Anniston. .
. . .
Auburn-Opelika
Birmingham
Decatur
Doth an
Florence .
..
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

April

May

132

2000P

1999

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
April

May

April

May

May

1999

2000

1999

2000P

14.1
60.6

6.0
2.4

4.9
2.0

6.1
2.6

5.1
2.3

274.0
5.9
31.9
4.3
7.7
2.4
2.3
16.3
7.8
7.6
62.4
2.4
3.5
23.0
3.5
5.8
1.4
5.2
4.0
31.3
23.7

274.8
5.6
31.7
5.1
6.7
2.9
2.2
18.4
8.4
7.8
58.8
2.7
3.6
24.1
3.6
7.1
1.3
5.6
4.1
34.2
22.4

3.8
3.2
4.3
2.3
5.3
3.0
2.1
2.9
3.8
3.9
6.2
2.5
3.8
2.6
5.5
3.3
3.6
2.2
2.5
2.7
4.7

3.7
2.9
4.1
2.6
5.0
3.7
2.0
3.3
3.9
3.8
5.7
2.5
3.6
2.7
5.7
4.0
3.1
2.2
2.6
2.8
4.2

3.7
3.1
4.2
2.4
6.3
2.9
2.2
3.0
3.9
3.7
6.0
2.7
3.6
2.6
5.3
3.4
2.9
1.9
2.7
2.6
4.7

3.6
2.9
4.0
2.7
5.2
3.4
2.0
3.3
4.1
3.6
5.6
2.7
3.5
2.6
5.4
3.9
2.7
1.9
2.7
2.7
4.3

129.4
2.8
1.5
57.7
7.9
4.8
5.2
4.1

157.1
4.4
1.8
66.0
10.5
5.9
7.2
5.4

139.5
3.0
1.7
62.3
8.9
5.0
5.6
4.4

3.7
7.4
2.6
2.9
4.6
4.7
4.4
3.7

3.1
5.0
2.0
2.6
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.0

3.8
7.7
2.5
3.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.0

3.3
5.3
2.3
2.7
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.2

34.4
21.8

25.5
16.0

33.7
21.4

26.0
16.1

5.8
5.1

4.2
3.7

5.7
5.0

4.3
3.8

670.2
238.6
43.6

37.5
8.5
2.1

31.2
7.3
1.9

34.3
8.5
2.1

27.4
6.9
1.7

5.8
3.7
5.3

4.7
3.1
4.6

5.3
3.7
5.3

4.1
2.9
4.0

6,366.7
91.0
99.2
4,238.4
192.5
61.1
52.3
187.2
201.1
107.5

6,422.1
93.6
100.1
4,279.3
189.6
61.3
52.2
188.0
202.2
107.8

251.4
1.7
2.2
161.7
7.5
2.6
2.7
6.5
8.1
3.5

258.7
2.2
2.2
167.8
7.0
2.7
2.4
6.3
8.4
3.4

264.3
1.9
2.3
167.9
10.0
2.8
2.7
6.9
8.5
3.6

261.3
2.2
2.1
168.9
7.0
2.7
2.3
6.3
8.5
3.3

4.0
1.9
2.2
3.8
4.0
4.3
5.2
3.5
4.1
3.3

4.0
2.3
2.2
3.9
3.7
4.3
4.6
3.3
4.2
3.2

4.2
2.1
2.3
4.0
5.2
4.6
5.2
3.7
4.2
3.4

4.1
2.3
2.1
3.9
3.7
4.4
4.4
3.4
4.2
3.1

3,111.7
62.3
97.9
159.9
261.2
299.8
845.9
52.5
92.6
61.7
134.7
70.5

3,088.9
59.2
96.9
156.5
263.3
301.7
837.8
50.6
88.5
62.0
135.4
68.6

3,130.2
60.6
98.8
161.0
264.7
302.1
849.3
52.9
90.6
61.9
135.0
69.6

90.1
1.4
1.7
5.1
7.4
11.9
19.2
1.4
2.1
2.1
3.7
3.0

105.6
1.2
2.4
5.7
8.0
13.8
23.3
1.4
2.4
2.1
4.8
3.7

91.9
1.4
1.9
5.4
7.3
12.0
20.0
1.3
2.2
2.0
3.9
3.0

94.4
1.2
2.3
5.3
7.5
12.1
20.9
1.2
2.1
1.9
4.2
3.3

2.9
2.3
1.8
3.3
2.8
4.0
2.3
2.8
2.3
3.5
2.7
4.4

3.4
2.0
2.4
3.6
3.0
4.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.6
5.2

3.0
2.4
1.9
3.4
2.8
4.0
2.4
2.7
2.5
3.3
2.9
4.4

3.0
2.0
2.3
3.3
2.8
4.0
2.5
2.2
2.4
3.0
3.1
4.7

1,578.5
112.3
253.7
48.4
69.7
64.3
67.6

1,568.2
111.8
253.0
48.6
67.7
63.5
67.1

1,577.9
111.4
250.4
48.4
68.5
63.8
67.0

40.6
2.0
4.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
2.5

35.3
1.8
4.2
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.8

34.2
1.9
4.2
1.0
1.3
1.5
2.0

30.2
1.6
3.7
0.9
1.1
1.5
1.5

2.6
1.8
1.8
3.2
2.0
2.7
3.7

2.2
1.6
1.7
2.0
1.7
2.4
2.7

2.2
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
2.3
3.0

1.9
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.6
2.3
2.3

1999

2000

1999

2000P

District of Columbia
Washington

278.5
2,563.3

279.4
2,675.3

280.0
2,581.7

277.2
2,684.2

16.6
61.3

13.8
54.6

17.0
66.8

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
PuntaGorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,258.4
189.6
758.8
178.6
122.4
78.8
104.3
531.6
197.5
203.2
1,029.9
92.4
97.1
862.0
65.9
171.4
46.8
271.7
148.0
1,180.8
499.6

7,541.9
194.0
782.1
185.3
127.3
82.6
107.5
551.7
203.4
212.4
1,055.3
97.9
101.2
910.6
67.4
178.8
48.6
288.9
152.2
1,242.1
517.8

7,334.1
191.0
767.6
178.3
123.5
80.7
105.5
539.0
198.2
205.0
1,040.5
92.1
97.9
874.5
66.7
173.0
47.0
273.7
149.1
1,194.8
503.1

7,600.9
195.6
789.7
185.5
127.9
84.0
109.5
559.0
204.2
214.2
1,059.5
97.9
102.1
919.3
67.9
180.4
48.8
289.8
153.7
1,253.4
519.6

273.0
6.1
32.4
4.2
6.5
2.4
2.2
15.6
7.5
7.9
63.4
2.3
3.7
22.7
3.6
5.7
1.7
5.9
3.8
32.0
23.5

275.4
5.6
31.9
4.7
6.4
3.1
2.1
18.1
7.9
8.0
59.9
2.4
3.6
24.1
3.9
7.2
1.5
6.4
4.0
34.7
21.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

4,061.6
56.8
73.7
2,190.2
208.8
126.3
153.2
135.6

4,138.8
55.7
74.2
2,260.0
209.9
128.0
153.9
135.6

4,081.1
56.7
73.2
2,205.8
209.3
125.8
153.0
135.8

4,175.1
56.2
74.2
2,282.1
211.8
129.2
155.4
137.1

150.4
4.2
1.9
63.0
9.7
5.9
6.7
5.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

593.8
425.3

604.0
430.6

591.2
423.6

601.0
427.5

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

644.4
225.7
40.1

663.8
236.4
41.4

651.3
228.0
40.1

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,323.5
91.6
99.6
4,214.9
188.1
60.6
51.8
186.2
199.8
106.7

6,406.0
94.0
101.0
4,272.1
189.7
61.2
52.2
187.4
201.3
107.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,065.5
62.2
95.7
155.6
262.5
299.4
829.2
49.8
90.9
62.1
134.7
68.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,566.0
111.7
251.7
49.0
68.2
63.7
67.4

1999

See footnotes at end of table.




April

133

2000

1999

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
April

May

April

1999

April

May
2000

1999

2000P

May

1999

2000

1999

2000P

46.5
2.0
2.7
10.8

2.8
2.8
2.7
2.9

3.2
3.3
3.2
3.7

2.7
2.9
2.5
3.0

3.2
3.4
3.0
3.7

90.4
5.6
19.1
2.7

78.2
5.2
18.2
2.2

4.4
2.1
3.1
5.0

3.7
1.7
3.1
3.8

4.6
2.1
3.4
5.3

3.9
1.9
3.2
4.3

81.2
2.3
9.6
3.0
7.2
3.4
2.2
22.0
7.1

88.4
2.3
10.1
3.4
8.9
3.9
2.3
22.3
7.6

86.9
2.5
10.9
3.2
7.6
3.6
2.3
23.6
7.5

4.9
4.1
3.6
4.4
5.9
4.5
3.6
4.1
4.6

4.0
3.6
3.1
3.3
4.1
3.7
3.0
3.6
3.8

4.4
3.8
3.4
3.8
5.0
4.3
3.3
3.6
4.1

4.2
3.9
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.0
3.2
3.9
4.1

30.1
1.5
2.1
2.7

24.9
1.3
1.7
2.2

28.4
1.3
2.1
2.7

23.2
1.2
1.6
2.4

4.6
2.9
4.0
2.0

3.6
2.3
3.1
1.6

4.3
2.6
3.9
2.0

3.3
2.1
2.9
1.7

2,812.7
1,314.7
45 4
68.0

91.1
47.9
2.8
2.2

80.2
42.8
2.3
1.4

94.7
51.3
2.7
2.0

91.1
49.9
2.5
1.4

3.4
3.7
6.4
3.2

2.9
3.3
5.2
2.0

3.5
4.0
6.1
3.0

3.2
3.8
5.5
2.1

3,253.4
74.1
1,800.9
132.1
68.5
202.6
167.9
80.0
391
282.1
250.1

3,271.6
76.6
1,813.2
134.6
66.6
206.5
169.4
79.8
39.1
283.8
250.8

92.2
2.5
42.9
3.9
2.4
8.1
4.9
4.3
1.5
8.9
7.0

82.3
2.3
38.5
3.7
2.3
6.9
4.1
3.5
1.4
8.0
6.6

97.3
2.2
46.0
4.4
2.6
8.5
5.2
4.4
1.6
9.3
7.6

75.9
1.8
36.0
3.5
2.1
6.7
3.9
3.3
1.2
7.4
6.3

2.8
3.5
2.4
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.9
5.4
4.0
3.2
2.8

2.5
3.2
2.1
2.7
3.4
3.4
2.4
4.4
3.5
2.8
2.6

3.0
3.0
2.6
3.3
3.7
4.2
3.1
5.5
4.0
3.3
3.0

2.3
2.4
2.0
2.6
3.2
3.3
2.3
4.1
3.0
2.6
2.5

5,035.2
305.7
83.2
2,252.3
188.5
604.0
77.1
233.7
245.5
198.0

5,161.4
309.1
85.5
2,303.0
202.0
616.7
78.9
237.9
248.3
204.1

5,110.1
306.1
85.3
2,280.6
191.6
614.8
78.2
235.1
245.5
201.2

189.1
6.0
3.4
74.9
10.9
17.8
2.8
7.8
6.0
9.0

143.4
5.0
2.3
57.6
7.9
14.7
2.1
6.4
4.5
6.4

178.1
6.1
3.3
74.4
10.7
17.9
2.5
7.7
5.8
8.0

146.2
5.2
2.6
60.3
8.4
16.0
1.9
6.9
4.6
6.8

3.7
2.0
4.1
3.3
5.5
2.9
3.6
3.3
2.4
4.4

2.8
1.6
2.8
2.6
4.2
2.4
2.7
2.7
1.8
3.2

3.5
2.0
3.9
3.2
5.3
2.9
3.1
3.2
2.3
3.9

2.9
1.7
3.0
2.6
4.4
2.6
2.5
2.9
1.9
3.4

2,668.7
122.6
1,674.4
70.8
96.9

2,751.8
126.5
1,724.9
74.2
100.8

2,681.1
123.1
1,678.6
70.9
96.4

2,767.3
127.6
1,733.2
74.6
100.5

74.7
5.7
34.4
1.4
3.0

74.6
5.9
35.3
1.9
2.7

64.2
4.7
32.3
1.2
2.6

69.8
5.1
36.7
1.8
2.7

2.8
4.6
2.1
1.9
3.1

2.7
4.6
2.0
2.5
2.7

2.4
3.9
1.9
1.7
2.6

2.5
4.0
2.1
2.4
2.7

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,246.3
170.0
49.8
221.1

1,306.6
179.0
51.8
230.9

1,259.7
171.0
50.0
223.7

1,321.8
181.7
52.3
233.1

55.5
5.2
1.3
6.4

63.4
7.9
1.7
7.7

66.1
6.2
1.7
7.9

76.9
9.5
2.1
9.7

4.4
3.1
2.7
2.9

4.8
4.4
3.3
3.3

5.2
3.6
3.4
3.5

5.8
5.2
4.0
4.2

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St Joseph
St Louis LMA
Springfield

2,817.2
81.2
81.5
969.4
49.3
1,306.1
164.0

2,910.2
81.5
82.8
1,001.6
51.5
1,351.5
172.5

2,832.1
81.0
81.1
968.8
49.1
1,315.7
164.4

2,931.9
81.0
82.7
1,002.1
50.9
1,359.1
172.5

99.2
1.0
2.8
28.0
2.0
49.8
4.1

68.2
0.7
1.9
25.7
1.2
37.4
2.8

97.9
1.0
2.5
27.4
1.8
51.1
4.1

76.9
0.8
2.2
27.6
1.3
41.6
3.3

3.5
1.2
3.4
2.9
4.0
3.8
2.5

2.3
0.8
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.8
1.6

3.5
1.3
3.1
2.8
3.6
3.9
2.5

2.6
1.0
2.6
2.8
2.6
3.1
1.9

473.5
73.0
37.9
51.6

480.6
74 4
37.5
55.3

473.8
73.0
38.2
51.7

482.2
73.9
37.4
55.6

24.8
2.4
2.0
2.0

23.2
2.5
1.8
1.7

22.8
2.8
1.9
1.7

21.6
2.6
1.7
1.6

5.2
3.3
5.2
3.8

4.8
3.4
4.9
3.1

4.8
3.8
5.0
3.3

4.5
3.5
4.6
3.0

1999

2000

1999

2000P

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,420.8
56.6
89.7
289.0

1,443.5
57 6
90.2
291.4

1,422.1
56 6
88.9
287.0

1,445.9
57.7
89.7
289.6

39.7
1.6
2.4
8.5

46.7
1.9
2.8
10.9

38.1
1.6
2.2
8.5

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville. .
Owensboro

1,954.1
261.5
554.9
50.3

1,973.6
266.7
567.4
51.1

1,980.6
263.6
561.3
51.2

2,001.4
269.2
575.5
52.1

86.8
5.5
17.4
2.5

72.9
4.7
17.4
2.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
.
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,039.6
60.9
300.8
91.3
177.1
91.8
71.0
613.6
184.5

2,049.6
62.5
311.0
91.0
176.8
92 1
72.7
614.2
185.5

2,027.6
60.8
299.6
90.6
175.5
90.5
70.5
610.8
183.4

2,049.4
62.4
309.6
91.3
176.8
91.9
72.7
612.4
185.1

100.6
2.5
11.0
4.0
10.4
4.2
2.6
25.0
8.5

655.8
50.4
51.8
130.4

688.1
54.4
54.3
139.2

666.6
50.1
52.8
132.0

699.1
54.5
54.6
141.0

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,719.5
1,282.2
44 0
66.8

2,793.7
1,307.4
44 7
68.2

2,738.4
1,292.8
44 6
67.0

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Low6ll
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,236.8
71.2
1,796.0
132.3
68.2
201.7
167.4
79.7
38.8
280.7
250.0

3,266.3
74.0
1,814.8
134.8
66.9
206.3
168 8
80.4
38.9
283.9
250.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor . .
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,087.3
307.3
83.4
2,274.5
199.5
606.4
77.7
237.0
248.3
201.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

...

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula
.

..

.

..

.

...

. .

See footnotes at end of table.




134

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
April
1999

April

May
2000

1999

1999

2000P

May

2000

1999

April
2000P

May

1999

2000

1999

2000P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

894.2
140.5
379.7

938.5
150.4
398.6

901.6
140.4
379.1

942.9
149.7
395.7

22.3
2.8
8.7

23.0
3.2
9.2

26.1
3.5
9.9

25.3
3.5
10.0

2.5
2.0
2.3

2.4
2.1
2.3

2.9
2.5
2.6

2.7
2.4
2.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

924.8
713.0
170.5

966.8
747.5
177.5

929.6
718.9
171.1

973.0
753.4
179.0

41.4
30.5
7.2

36.5
28.6
5.0

41.4
31.8
6.5

32.0
25.8
4.3

4.5
4.3
4.2

3.8
3.8
2.8

4.5
4.4
3.8

3.3
3.4
2.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

658.5
105.5
104.3
123.6

676.9
108.5
105.4
127.9

661.1
105.2
104.6
125.2

680.7
109.1
106.1
128.9

19.5
2.7
3.2
2.9

17.8
2.4
2.7
2.5

17.1
2.4
2.9
2.5

17.1
2.5
2.7
2.3

3.0
2.6
3.0
2.4

2.6
2.2
2.6
1.9

2.6
2.3
2.8
2.0

2.5
2.2
2.6
1.8

4,160.9
167.4
676.6
281.3
637.2
512.4
1,012.4
165.7
64.1

4,215.1
166.8
680.8
280.6
650.8
519.0
1,031.9
168.1
64 ..1

4,197.5
171.6
686.5
284.0
639.4
519.6
1,018.3
166.1
64.4

4,234.8
171.4
679.9
282.5
651.9
527.6
1,033.6
167.8
64.9

180.5
13.7
29.6
20.0
18.9
20.4
42.8
6.3
5.3

148.5
11.2
23.7
15.4
15.9
17.2
35.6
4.9
4.4

193.5
13.3
31.6
22.0
20.5
21.3
46.4
6.6
5.6

153.6
10.5
24.6
16.4
16.6
17.5
36.9
5.0
4.7

4.3
8.2
4.4
7.1
3.0
4.0
4.2
3.8
8.3

3.5
6.7
3.5
5.5
2.4
3.3
3.5
2.9
6.8

4.6
7.7
4.6
7.7
3.2
4.1
4.6
3.9
8.7

3.6
6.1
3.6
5.8
2.5
3.3
3.6
3.0
7.2

800.3
350.6
67.4
71.9

835.4
369.2
71.0
75.6

798.0
349.3
67.8
71.8

835.4
368.3
70.9
76.5

42.9
12.5
5.2
1.7

43.3
12.3
5.7
1.9

43.3
12.9
5.3
1.7

44.8
12.8
5.4
2.6

5.4
3.6
7.7
2.4

5.2
3.3
8.0
2.6

5.4
3.7
7.9
2.4

5.4
3.5
7.6
3.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,782.1
447.3
123.0
559.9
118.4
44.3
57.4
64.7
1,387.6
4,059.3
3,421.7
172.5
565.6
358.2
141.5

8,940.9
455.8
125.1
563.5
122.0
44.6
58.4
66.2
1,428.2
4,110.7
3,457.0
175.8
577.3
368.5
144.3

8,800.3
448.0
123.4
565.6
118.9
44.2
58.8
65.9
1,395.4
4,043.8
3,403.9
174.7
572.6
360.5
142.0

8,971.7
456.8
125.7
569.2
122.4
44.7
59.3
67.1
1,439.3
4,117.4
3,459.6
177.6
579.5
368.7
144.8

438.0
15.2
5.2
29.6
4.0
2.1
3.4
3.4
41.4
240.4
220.4
5.8
23.4
14.1
6.3

396.3
15.8
4.3
26.8
3.6
2.1
2.7
3.1
37.1
209.3
191.6
5.1
23.6
15.7
6.3

440.0
15.5
5.3
30.1
4.3
2.2
2.7
3.2
45.5
238.2
216.8
6.3
24.6
14.8
5.8

386.0
14.2
3.7
25.0
3.6
2.1
1.9
2.8
37.1
215.0
197.2
5.3
22.0
14.2
5.3

5.0
3.4
4.2
5.3
3.4
4.6
5.8
5.3
3.0
5.9
6.4
3.4
4.1
3.9
4.5

4.4
3.5
3.5
4.8
2.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
2.6
5.1
5.5
2.9
4.1
4.3
4.3

5.0
3.5
4.3
5.3
3.6
5.0
4.7
4.9
3.3
5.9
6.4
3.6
4.3
4.1
4.1

4.3
3.1
2.9
4.4
3.0
4.7
3.2
4.2
2.6
5.2
5.7
3.0
3.8
3.8
3.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,833.6
109.2
763.6
115.2
47.5
637.7
64.4
169.2
46.3
629.2
66.4
109.8

3,906.5
110.9
783.8
116.9
48.3
653.9
65.3
172.4
47.3
645.8
66.0
110.9

3,868.9
109.9
771.9
116.0
47.9
641.1
63.7
171.4
46.7
632.3
67.3
111.6

3,936.1
111.3
788.6
117.2
48.9
657.3
64.9
172.1
47.8
646.7
67.7
112.5

102.6
2.2
16.2
3.9
1.8
12.1
2.4
3.1
1.5
8.4
3.7
3.0

104.7
2.2
18.2
3.8
1.5
13.8
2.5
2.9
1.3
8.7
3.0
3.2

114.6
2.4
18.8
4.1
1.9
13.7
2.6
3.6
1.6
9.5
3.9
3.2

122.4
2.5
22.0
4.4
1.8
16.4
2.9
3.0
1.5
10.3
3.6
3.9

2.7
2.0
2.1
3.3
3.7
1.9
3.7
1.8
3.3
1.3
5.5
2.7

2.7
2.0
2.3
3.3
3.2
2.1
3.8
1.7
2.7
1.3
4.5
2.9

3.0
2.2
2.4
3.5
4.0
2.1
4.1
2.1
3.3
1.5
5.8
2.9

3.1
2.2
2.8
3.8
3.6
2.5
4.4
1.7
3.1
1.6
5.3
3.5

333.1
52.3
101.0
51.3

337.2
53.8
102.7
52.2

337.5
53.1
100.4
50.6

340.5
53.7
102.1
51.5

11.5
1.5
2.0
1.6

9.3
1.2
1.9
1.6

10.8
1.5
1.8
1.3

7.6
1.0
1.4
1.4

3.5
2.8
1.9
3.1

2.7
2.2
1.9
3.1

3.2
2.9
1.8
2.6

2.2
1.8
1.4
2.6

5,650.7
359.8
198.1
835.1
1,099.7
816.5
463.8
182.6
74.8
82.4
57.0
316.3
277.7

5,805.3
373.1
206.0
865.5
1,124.2
837.3
473.7
188.5
77.4
83.9
55.5
324.4
283.1

5,706.2
363.8
200.5
843.2
1,108.5
822.4
465.0
184.2
75.1
83.3
57.2
319.2
280.4

5,862.7
376.9
207.8
874.5
1,134.9
842.6
475.6
189.0
79.0
84.2
56.0
327.3
286.5

229.1
14.3
8.6
25.9
47.9
20.2
16.4
5.6
3.2
4.3
4.4
14.2
15.1

209.7
13.8
7.8
26.1
44.5
18.9
15.0
5.1
2.8
4.2
2.3
11.8
13.5

222.8
13.6
8.7
26.8
45.6
20.1
16.4
5.7
3.0
4.5
3.8
14.1
14.1

209.6
13.4
7.6
27.3
43.9
19.7
15.2
5.2
3.1
4.1
2.3
11.8
13.4

4.1
4.0
4.4
3.1
4.4
2.5
3.5
3 1
4.2
5.3
7.7
4.5
5.4

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.0
4.0
2.3
3.2
2.7
3.6
4.9
4.1
3.6
4.8

3.9
3.7
4.3
3.2
4.1
2.4
3.5
3.1
4.1
5.4
6.7
4.4
5.0

3.6
3.6
3.7
3.1
3.9
2.3
3.2
2.7
3.9
4.9
4.2
3.6
4.7

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moomead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




135

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor Torce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
April

Apri

May
1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000P

46.4
0.7
1.2
12.4
11.4

3.5
2.9
3.6
2.6
3.1

2.7
2.5
2.9
2.2
2.6

3.5
2.9
3.6
2.6
3.2

2.8
2.7
3.0
2.2
2.7

91.8
1.0
8.3
5.7
44.6
9.5

81.4
0.8
8.4
4.4
38.3
9.0

5.9
2.9
5.4
7.3
4.5
6.3

4.7
2.0
5.1
5.4
3.6
5.4

5.3
2.6
5.2
6.5
4.3
5.7

4.5
2.0
5.0
4.8
3.5
5.2

215.2
10.2
2.8
6.0
8.6
5.5
5.0
87.0
40.7
6.4
13.0
2.9
1.3
2.2
5.2

253.4
12.6
2.6
6.8
11.8
5.2
6.3
103.3
48.0
8.2
16.1
3.1
1.6
2.8
6.9

229.7
10.8
3.0
6.3
8.8
5.5
5.6
95.6
43.1
7.3
13.6
3.0
1.3
2.4
5.7

4.3
4.1
4.4
4.8
3.1
5.7
2.4
3.9
4.2
4.4
5.5
4.3
2.4
4.9
3.3

3.6
3.3
4.4
4.3
2.5
5.4
2.0
3.4
3.6
3.5
4.3
5.0
1.9
3.9
2.8

4.3
4.0
4.2
4.9
3.4
5.1
2.6
4.1
4.2
4.5
5.3
5.4
2.4
4.9
3.6

3.9
3.5
4.7
4.5
2.6
5.4
2.3
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.5
5.3
2.0
4.3
3.0

17.6
21.1

16.6
19.5

19.0
22.3

17.9
20.0

3.6
3.7

3.3
3.4

3.8
3.9

3.6
3.5

2.019.4
286.4
294.7
64.0
506.1
107.6
47.9

77.6
7.7
5.7
3.0
15.6
2.9
2.3

57.9
6.6
5.4
2.3
10.4
2.6
1.8

85.8
9.2
7.0
3.9
15.9
3.0
2.6

77.6
8.8
7.8
2.9
13.6
3.4
2.4

4.0
2.9
2.0
4.7
3.2
2.8
4.9

2.9
2.4
1.9
3.7
2.1
2.5
3.8

4.4
3.4
2.5
6.2
3.2
2.8
5.5

3.8
3.1
2.6
4.6
2.7
3.2
5.0

402.1
47.5
102.1

405.9
47.3
103.7

11.6
1.1

1.8

9.0
1.0
1.6

10.4
1.2
1.8

8.6
1.0
1.6

2.9
2.4
1.8

2.2
2.1
1.5

2.6
2.4
1.8

2.1
2.1
1.6

2,805.3
228.5
85.8
59.0
224.0
346.3
564.8
670.2

2,793.8
228.6
85.7
57.6
226.1
349.1
550.2
649.5

2,812.1
228.8
87.0
59.1
224.7
348.1
566.1
671.4

104.5
7.2
2.5
2.1
9.7
10.7
18.1
16.5

94.3
6.1
2.4
1.9
8.5
9.2
17.7
16.3

100.0
7.6
2.5
2.0
9.7
9.5
18.2
16.0

86.5
5.5
2.7
1.9
9.0
8.1
17.4
15.1

3.8
3.1
2.9
3.6
4.3
3.1
3.3
2.5

3.4
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.8
2.7
3.1
2.4

3.6
3.3
2.9
3.4
4.3
2.7
3.3
2.5

3.1
2.4
3.1
3.2
4.0
2.3
3.1
2.3

10,323.1
60.4
114.1
731.6
177.9
102.8
129.2
77.6
175.1
1,953.5
286.0
913.6
120.5
2,166.2
116.3
73.8
102.4
124.8
205.8
117.1
49.6
776.8
50.7
56.5

10,118.6
59.4
112.9
700.6
181.4
103.6
124.6
76.1
174.2
1,892.4
285.4
888.2
121.5
2.124.6
114.6
72.4
102.7
121.5
192.3
121.9
50.2
762.2
50.1
55.5

10,363.8
60.3
114.8
732.2
178.7
102.6
128.4
77.8
176.5
1,959.8
288.0
920.0
122.2
2,179.2
116.5
73.9
102.9
124.9
202.7
117.7
49.6
780.7
51.1
56.6

431.2
2.1
2.9
14.0
14.9
6.1
11.0
1.2
10.2
52.4
25.6
25.0
7.3
88.1
3.5
6.1
6.8
3.2
25.3
10.9
2.1
19.9
2.1
2.9

425.5
2.0
3.9
13.7
13.8
6.5
11.4
1.1
10.7
56.9
23.8
27.3
6.8
88.6
3.6
5.3
5.7
2.9
27.0
6.8
1.5
24.5
1.7
2.8

449.2
2.2
3.2
14.8
15.8
6.9
11.2
1.3
11.0
54.8
26.3
26.3
7.9
94.1
3.7
6.1
7.1
3.3
24.1
11.4
2.2
20.8
2.1
3.0

434.7
2.1
4.0
14.2
14.6
6.7
10.7
1.2
11.2
59.8
24.4
28.9
7.1
91.6
3.7
5.1
5.8
3.0
25.3
6.8
1.5
25.7
1.9
2.7

4.3
3.5
2.6
2.0
8.2
6.0
8.8
1.5
5.9
2.8
9.0
2.8
6.0
4.2
3.1
8.4
6.7
2.6
12.9
9.0
4.1
2.6
4.1
5.3

4.1
3.3
3.4
1.9
7.8
6.3
8.8
1.4
6.1
2.9
8.3
3.0
5.6
4.1
3.1
7.2
5.6
2.3
13.1
5.8
3.0
3.1
3.4
4.9

4.4
3.7
2.8
2.1
8.7
6.7
9.0
1.7
6.3
2.9
9.2
3.0
6.5
4.4
3.3
8.4
6.9
2.7
12.5
9.3
4.4
2.7
4.2
5.3

4.2
3.5
3.5
1.9
8.2
6.5
8.4
1.5
6.3
3.0
8.5
3.1
5.8
4.2
3.2
6.9
5.6
2.4
12.5
5.8
3.0
3.3
3.6
4.7

2000

1999

2000P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,638.0
27.4
40.3
541.3
413.6

1,648.9
26.9
41.1
555.4
417.0

1,640.8
27.2
40.4
541.0
414.7

1,644.3
26.6
41.1
552.0
415.1

56.8
0.8
1.5
14.0
12.7

44.6
0.7
1.2
12.0
10.8

57.0
0.8
1.5
14.2
13.1

Oregon
Corvallis
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,736.6
40.4
162.1
87.4
1,035.4
164.9

1,818.2
40.7
168.7
92.3
1,084.1
171.9

1,736.5
40.4
161.1
87.6
1,036.4
165.6

1,811.9
40.5
167.9
91.7
1,077.8
172.7

101.6
1.2
8.8
6.4
47.0
10.3

85.1
0.8
8.6
5.0
39.0
9.2

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton ...
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,918.2
310.7
62.7
139.7
345.7
101.9
240.4
2,505.7
1,144.4
181.4
302.5
57.6
66.0
55.9
191.2

5,910.5
309.8
63.4
140.1
343.8
101.7
242.5
2,526.0
1,136.2
181.3
300.5
57.7
66.5
56.1
190.1

5,952.3
312.3
63.2
140.3
348.4
102.1
241.6
2,519.2
1,152.2
182.7
303.6
58.2
66.0
55.9
192.5

5,933.8
311.7
62.9
140.7
344.4
101.8
242.8
2,536.2
1,142.2
182.8
300.9
57.4
65.7
55.7
191.8

252.2
12.9
2.7
6.7
10.6
5.8
5.8
97.1
48.6
8.0
16.7
2.5
1.6
2.7
6.3

494.4
567.6

504.8
575.8

497.5
569.9

498.7
569.4

1,952.0
266.8
280.7
62.9
492.6
103.8
46.7

1,982.1
280.0
289.2
63.0
497.7
105.3
46.9

1,969.7
271.6
282.5
63.9
494.3
106.0
46.9

397.1
46.8
102.5

402.0
47.5
104.5

2,782.5
227.7
84.2
57.3
226.0
346.8
549.2
650.7
10,086.9
59.6
111.6
698.4
181.6
102.6
124.4
76.2
173.7
1,888.0
283.4
886.4
121.1
2,112.5
114.5
72.2
102.9
121.7
196.0
121.3
49.9
756.1
50.1
55.5

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana

See footnotes at end of table.




2000P

May

1999

1999

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

April

May

136

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
April

1999
Texas—Continued
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

April

May

2000

1999

2000P

1999

April

May

2000

1999

2000P

May

1999

2000

1999

2000P

88.4
42.4
100.7
64.0

90.3
43.9
101.8
64.1

88.8
42.9
99.4
63.7

90.3
44.3
102.1
64.5

3.3
1.6
2.9
2.5

3.0
1.4
2.9
2.6

3.5
1.8
3.0
2.7

3.1
1.5
3.2
2.6

3.8
3.8
2.9
3.9

3.3
3.1
2.9
4.0

4.0
4.2
3.1
4.2

3.4
3.4
3.1
4.0

1,063.3
160.2
676.3

1,092.9
165.9
696.1

1,070.4
158.4
684.4

1,099.5
164.4
703.2

40.1
5.4
24.0

28.0
3.5
17.1

40.9
5.4
24.6

30.2
3.7
18.7

3.8
3.3
3.6

2.6
2.1
2.5

3.8
3.4
3.6

2.7
2.2
2.7

332.6
101.5

338.4
104.3

331.7
101.5

337.5
104.2

9.8
1.8

8.6
1.4

9.3
1.7

8.1
1.4

2.9
1.7

2.5
1.4

2.8
1.7

2.4
1.4

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,465.7
75.1
55.9
102.8
725.4
502.9
124.9

3,637.3
79.7
58.6
108.9
750.9
529.6
129.1

3,493.5
75.0
56.5
102.3
735.4
505.6
125.8

3,647.7
78.7
59.1
108.9
756.0
529.3
129.3

79.5
0.7
3.2
1.8
19.7
9.9
2.0

82.5
0.9
3.7
1.8
19.7
9.7
2.1

98.0
0.9
4.1
2.2
24.3
12.3
2.6

91.8
1.0
3.9
2.0
22.9
11.4
2.2

2.3
0.9
5.7
1.7
2.7
2.0
1.6

2.3
1.1
6.3
1.7
2.6
1.8
1.6

2.8
1.2
7.2
2.1
3.3
2.4
2.0

2.5
1.3
6.6
1.8
3.0
2.2
1.7

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,037.1
80.0
92.6
100.4
94.6
1,385.2
208.3
332.8
110.8

3,042.6
80.7
93.5
100.5
94.7
1,392.9
210.4
336.4
106.3

3,080.5
81.7
94.0
101.3
95.6
1,404.1
211.8
336.3
114.2

3,083.8
81.4
94.2
101.6
97.5
1,410.5
212.7
339.1
110.7

142.2
4.1
4.5
4.3
5.8
45.7
10.4
14.4
12.0

135.2
4.1
4.5
4.1
5.5
44.6
9.7
15.0
10.5

148.5
4.2
4.9
4.7
5.7
49.4
11.1
15.8
11.3

139.2
4.2
4.8
4.4
5.7
46.5
9.7
15.8
10.5

4.7
5.1
4.8
4.3
6.1
3.3
5.0
4.3
10.8

4.4
5.1
4.8
4.1
5.8
3.2
4.6
4.4
9.9

4.8
5.2
5.3
4.6
6.0
3.5
5.2
4.7
9.9

4.5
5.2
5.1
4.3
5.9
33
4.6
4.7
9.5

816.5
134.6
138.9
76.1
72.8

802.6
132.9
140.0
76.0
74.3

826.1
135.8
139.9
76.8
73.8

822.2
135.3
141.0
77.0
75.5

57.1
6.7
9.6
4.5
4.2

41.7
5.4
7.7
3.5
3.1

54.1
6.4
9.5
4.2
3.9

44.0
6.0
8.5
3.5
3.1

7.0
5.0
6.9
5.9
5.8

5.2
4.1
5.5
4.6
4.2

6.6
4.7
6.8
5.4
5.2

5.4
4.5
6.0
4.6
4.1

2,835.4
214.3
81.4
130.1
76.1
78.3
69.6
255.3
785.7
89.4
59.7
70.8

2,991.6
228.2
87.1
141.5
78.8
83.3
70.7
268.5
824.6
91.6
62.8
75.7

2,846.3
214.1
81.4
129.5
76.4
78.7
69.5
253.0
784.6
89.4
59.8
70.6

3,005.3
228.1
86.8
141.7
79.0
83.8
70.6
267.8
823.3
91.7
63.2
75.6

89.7
5.2
3.2
3.0
2.6
2.4
1.8
3.5
24.2
3.8
1.1
2.2

104.0
5.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.1
2.4
4.3
29.9
4.1
1.4
2.4

81.7
4.8
2.5
2.9
2.5
2.4
1.8
3.2
24.1
3.8
1.2
1.8

93.1
5.1
2.9
3.2
3.4
2.9
2.0
3.9
29.8
4.1
1.3
2.0

3.2
2.4
3.9
2.3
3.4
3.0
2.6
1.4
3.1
4.3
1.9
3.1

3.5
2.5
4.0
2.5
4.6
3.7
3.3
1.6
3.6
4.5
2.3
3.2

2.9
2.3
3.0
2.3
3.2
3.1
2.5
1.3
3.1
4.3
1.9
2.6

3.1
2.2
3.3
2.3
4.4
3.5
2.8
1.5
3.6
4.4
2.1
2.6

260.3
34.0
39.8

260.9
34.4
40.5

260.6
33.5
39.2

260.5
33.9
40.0

13.6
2.0
1.3

11.2
1.6
1.2

12.8
1.9
1.2

9.4
1.4
1.0

5.2
5.8
3.3

4.3
4.5
2.9

4.9
5.8
3.2

3.6
4.2
2.6

1,302.8
46.0
52.0
119.6
92.1
108.1
717.3

1,300.3
46.7
51.2
122.1
88.2
109.9
719.2

1,308.0
46.7
51.5
121.4
92.3
110.1
720.8

1,344.3
48.4
53.3
125.5
91.4
114.2
739.4

141.7
7.1
6.6
12.0
12.0
14.8
62.9

130.4
6.9
6.3
11.7
11.2
14.5
55.9

143.4
7.5
6.5
12.0
12.4
15.0
63.7

134.4
7.4
6.3
11.9
11.3
14.4
57.7

10.9
15.5
12.6
10.0
13.0
13.7
8.8

10.0
14.7
12.2
9.6
12.7
13.2
7.8

11.0
16.2
12.6
9.9
13.4
13.6
8.8

10.0
15.2
11.8
9.5
12.4
12.6
7.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly




household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and
will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

137

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1997

Employment status,
sex, and age

1998
IV

2000

1999
IV

IV

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

202,835 203,367 203,936 204,395 204,905 205,483 206,098 206,876 207,432 208,044 208,660 208,914 209,377
136,107 136,541 136,835 137,274 137,331 137,732 138,321 139,058 139,144 139,394 139,880 140,981 140,827
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.2
67.0
67.3
67.5
67.0
129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153 135,247 135,200
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.2
64.2
64.1
64.0
63.8
64.3
64.1
64.6
64.7
64.3
6,614
6,412
6,387
5,868
5,930
6,114
6.207
6,777
5,981
6,076
5,627
5,733
5,727
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.0
4.3
4.4
4.0
4.1
4.1

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

97,560
73,179
75.0
69,598
71.3
2,616
66,982
3,581
4.9
24,382

97,839
73,314
74.9
69,839
71.4
2,522
67,317
3,475
4.7
24,525

98,139
73,518
74.9
70,114
71.4
2,481
67,633
3,404
4.6
24,621

98,326
73,675
74.9
70,313
71.5
2,458
67,855
3,362
4.6
24,651

98,595
73,802
74.9
70,633
71.6
2,536
68,097
3,169
4.3
24,793

98,894
74,004
74.8
70,695
71.5
2,620
68,075
3,309
4.5
24,891

99,216
74,320
74.9
71,125
71.7
2,579
68,546
3,195
4.3
24,896

99,280
74,395
74.9
71,289
71.8
2,444
68,845
3,106
4.2
24,884

99,565
74,334
74.7
71,248
71.6
2,446
68,802
3,086
4.2
25,231

99,867 100,177 100,334 100.569
74,547 74,779 75,365 75.064
74.6
75.1
74.6
74.6
71,501 71,761 72,381 72,157
71.6
72.1
71.6
71.7
2,402
2,466
2,443
2,398
69,099 69,317 69,915 69,760
3,046
2,984
3,019
2,907
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.9
25,320 25,397 24,968 25,505

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

89,758
69,094
77.0
66,225
73.8
2,402
63,822
2,869
4.2
20,664

89,979
69,242
77.0
66,475
73.9
2,343
64,132
2,767
4.0
20,738

90,244
69,397
76.9
66,618
73.8
2,307
64,311
2,780
4.0
20,846

90,456
69,479
76.8
66,802
73.9
2,272
64,530
2,677
3.9
20,977

90,634
69,618
76.8
67,099
74.0
2,353
64,746
2,519
3.6
21,016

90,898
69,720
76.7
67,117
73.8
2,397
64,720
2,603
3.7
21,178

91,171
70,013
76.8
67,519
74.1
2,361
65,158
2,494
3.6
21,158

91,176
70,082
76.9
67,642
74.2
2,258
65,384
2,440
3.5
21,094

91,386
70,029
76.6
67,559
73.9
2,258
65,301
2,470
3.5
21,357

91,682
70,245
76.6
67,805
74.0
2,227
65,577
2,440
3.5
21,437

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,978
70,419
76.6
68,044
74.0
2,232
65,812
2,375
3.4
21,559

92,098
70,953
77.0
68,585
74.5
2,281
66,304
2,368
3.3
21,145

92,419
70,693
76.5
68,381
74.0
2,233
66,148
2,312
3.3
21,726

105,275 105,528 105,797 106,069 106,310 106,588 106,882 107,596 107,866 108,177 108,484 108,580 108,808
62,928 63,227 63,317 63,599 63,529 63,728 64,001 64,662 64,810 64,848 65,100 65,615 65,763
59.8
60.0
59.9
59.8
59.9
59.8
60.1
60.1
59.8
59.9
60.4
60.4
60.0
59,733 60,088 60,334 60,548 60,622 60,831 61,083 61,788 61,966 62,025 62,392 62,866 63,043
57.1
57.0
57.1
56.9
56.7
57.4
57.4
57.2
57.0
57.3
57.9
57.9
57.5
879
871
831
817
874
849
829
861
810
808
927
832
913
58,915 59,217 59,455 59,717 59,814 59,982 60,273 60,926 61,092 61,197 61,560 61,953 62,115
2,907
2,898
2,983
2,822
2,844
2,918
3,051
3,139
3,196
2,875
2,720
2,749
2,708
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
4.4
4.1
4.2
4.2
42,347 42,300 42,480 42,470 42,781 42,860 42,880 42,934 43,057 43,329 43,383 42,965 43,045

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

97,762
59,088
60.4
56,463
57.8
772
55,691
2,625
4.4
38,674

98,000
59,390
60.6
56,840
58.0
823
56,017
2,551
4.3
38,610

98,219
59,484
60.6
57,045
58.1
830
56,215
2,439
4.1
38,735

98,475
59,608
60.5
57,055
57.9
771
56,285
2,552
4.3
38,867

98,662
59,528
60.3
57,145
57.9
745
56,400
2,383
4.0
39,134

98,891
59,694
60.4
57,321
58.0
793
56,528
2,373
4.0
39,197

99,118
59,979
60.5
57,591
58.1
762
56,829
2,388
4.0
39,139

99,755 100,021 100,291 100,566 100,652 100,915
60,612 60,820 60,872 61,054 61,607 61,710
60.8
60.7
60.8
61.2
60.7
61.2
58,283 58,489 58,585 58,865 59,366 59,428
58.4
58.4
58.5
59.0
58.5
58.9
815
785
825
864
786
866
57,468 57,664 57,800 58,079 58,503 58,562
2,329
2,287
2,332
2,241
2,188
2,283
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
39,143 39,200 39,419 39,512 39,045 39,204

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,315
7,925
51.7
6,643
43.4
259
6,384
1,282
16.2
7,390

15,387
7,909
51.4
6,613
43.0
228
6,385
1,296
16.4
7,478

15,473
7,954
51.4
6,785
43.9
222
6,563
1,168
14.7
7,520

15,464
8,187
52.9
7,004
45.3
246
6,757
1,183
14.5
7,277

15,609
8,186
52.4
7,012
44.9
246
6,766
1,174
14.3
7,423

15,694
8,319
53.0
7,088
45.2
278
6,810
1,231
14.8
7,375

15,809
8,329
52.7
7,098
44.9
265
6,832
1,232
14.8
7,479

15,945
8,363
52.5
7,151
44.8
232
6,919
1,212
14.5
7,582

1
2

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables D-1 through




16,025
8,295
51.8
7,166
44.7
237
6,929
1,128
13.6
7,731

16,071
8,277
51.5
7,137
44.4
218
6,919
1,141
13.8
7,794

16,117
8,407
52.2
7,243
44.9
258
6,986
1,164
13.8
7,710

16,164
8,420
52.1
7,296
45.1
234
7,061
1,124
13.4
7,744

16,043
8.424
52.5
7.392
46.1
226
7,166
1,032
12.3
7,619

D-11 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

138

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1997

Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1999

1998
IV

2000

IV

IV

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

169,785 170,149 170,540 170,915 171,262 171,657 172,079 172,494 172,862 173,280 173,705 173,893 174,202
114,597 114,814 115,041 115,154 115,166 115,485 115,850 116,349 116,352 116,535 116,788 117,790 117,512
67.5
67.3
67.5
67.3
67.5
67.4
67.2
67.7
67.2
67.3
67.5
67.3
67.5
109,789 109,996 110,491 110,554 110,787 111,012 111,390 112,008 111,966 112,268 112,703 113,656 113,462
64.8
64.7
64.9
64.7
64.7
65.4
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.7
64.6
64.7
65.1
4,550
4,459
4,341
4,379
4,134
4,085
4,385
4,267
4,808
4,818
4,600
4,473
4,049
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.9
3.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,076
77.5
56,988
74.8
2,089
3.5

59,126
77.4
57,052
74.7
2,074
3.5

59,293
77.4
57,235
74.7
2,059
3.5

59,225
77.2
57,252
74.6
1,974
3.3

59,316
77.2
57,452
74.7
1,864

48,800
59.9
46,993
57.7
1.807
3.7

48,958
60.0
47,178
57.9
1,780
3.6

49,005
60.0
47,327
57.9
1,678
3.4

48,993
59.8
47,220
57.7
1,773
3.6

48,947
59.7
47,297
57.7
1,650
3.4

6,720
55.3
5,808
47.8
912
13.6
14.5
12.6

6,729
55.1

6,743
55.1

5,765
47.2
964
14.3
15.0
13.6

5,930
48.4
814
12.1
12.7
11.3

6,935
56.4
6,082
49.4
854
12.3
14.5
10.0

23,950
15,418

24,043
15,667
65.2

24,149
15,635
64.7

14,186

14,127
58.5

59,457
77.2
57,518
74.7

59,678
77.3
57,790
74.8

1,939
3.3

1,888
3.2

49.022

49,155

59.7
47,363
57.7

49,635
60.0
48,003
58.0
1.632
3.3

49,716
60.0

1,659
3.4

59.7
47,490
57.7
1,665
3.4

48,019
58.0
1,698
3.4

59.8
48,050
57.9
1,603
3.2

6,903
55.6
6,037
48.7
865
12.5
13.9
11.1

7,006
56.1
6,131
49.1
875
12.5
14.1
10.7

7,017
55.9
6,110
48.7
906
12.9
13.9
11.8

7,029
55.6
6,167
48.8
861
12.3
13.1
11.4

7,011
55.3
6,180
48.7
831
11.9
12.3
11.4

7,025
55.2
6,197
48.7
829
11.8
12.3
11.3

7,127
55.9
6,272
49.2
854
12.0
12.7
11.2

6,281
49.4
830
11.7
12.7
10.5

7,107
55.9
6,358
50.0
749
10.5
11.7
9.3

24,227
15,854
65.4
14,373
59.3
1,481
9.3

24,319

24,419
15,995
65.5
14,543
59.6

24,529
16,171
65.9
14,829
60.5
1,343
8.3

24,697
16,273
65.9
14.968
60.6
1,304
8.0

24,799

24,906
16,387
65.8

25,018
16,503
66.0

25,076
16,660
66.4

25,162
16.603
66.0

15,041
60.4

15,172
60.6

15,361
61.3

15,327

1,346
8.2

1,332
8.1

1,299
7.8

1.276
7.7

7,008
72.5
6,454
66.8
553
7.9

7,049
72.7
6,537
67.4
512
7.3

7,051
72.4
6,507

7,097
72.5

7,139
72.5

7,151
72.2

6,619
67.6
478
6.7

6,693

67.9
447
6.3

6,693
67.6
458
6.4

7,163
72.0
6,673
67.1

7,277
72.8
6,750
67.5
527
7.2

7,376
73.5
6,860
68.4
516
7.0

7,292
72.3
6,787
67.3
505
6.9

7,882
64i9
7,236
59.6
646
8.2

7,830
64.3
7,190
59.0
640

7,903
64.7
7,292

8,031
65.4
7,443
60.6
588
7.3

8,124
65.7
7,559
61.1
565
7.0

8,207
66.1
7,657
61.6
550
6.7

8,272
66.0
7,736
61.7
536
6.5

8,324
66.3
7,776
61.9
548
6.6

8,341

3.1

59,686
77.4
57,838
75.0
1,847
3.1

59,625
77.1
57,768
74.7
1,857
3.1

59,857
77.2
58,021
74.9
1,836
3.1

59,809
76.9
58,110
74.8
1,699
2.8

60,283
11A
58,553
75.2

1,730
2.9

76.9
58,326
74.7
1,675
2.8

49,853
59.9

50,396
60.5
48,823
58.6
1,573
3.1

50.403
60.4
48,778
58.4
1,625
3.2

7,111
55.9

60,001

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

49,653

48,321
58.1
1,532

3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

64.4
13,816

57.7
1,602
10.4

59.0
1,481
9.5

6,862

71.9
6,255
65.5
607
8.9

7,004
73.0
6,453
67.2
551
7.9

6,951
72.1
6,390
66.3
560

7,647
63.8
6,962

7,749
64.4
7,100

7,744
64.1

58.1
685

59.0

1,508
9.6

15,895
65.4
14,475
59.5

1,420
8.9

1,452
9.1

16,295

65.7
15,044
60.7
1,251
7.7

60.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8.1

66.8
543
7.7

490
6.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9.0

649
8.4

7,101
58.7
643
8.3

8.2

See footnotes at end of table.




139

59.7
611
7.7

8,289
66.4
7,701
61.7
589
7.1

66.1
7.800
61.8
541
6.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1997

1998

2000

1999

IV

IV

IV

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

909
37.7
600
24.8
309
34.0
38.8
29.3

913
37.9
633
26.2
281
30.7
35.1
26.9

940
38.9
636
26.3
304
32.4
32.8
32.0

964
39.8
683
28.2
281
29.2
30.8
27.7

1,017
41.7
749
30.7
268
26.4
27.1
25.8

1,041
42.4
744
30.3
297
28.6
30.8
26.3

1,043
42.4
767
31.2
276
26.5
31.5
21.7

1,009
40.8
716
29.0
293
29.0
32.3
25.7

938
37.8
695
28.0
243
25.9
29.6
22.5

935
37.6
667
26.8
268
28.6
30.2
27.2

954
38.5
686
27.6
268
28.1
31.3
25.0

959
38.8
725
29.3
234
24.4
22.5
26.5

970
39.3
739
29.9
231
23.8
27.3
20.3

20,236
13,672
67.6
12,606
62.3
1,066
7.8

20,408
13,886
68.0
12,851
63.0
1,036
7.5

20,574
13,980
67.9
12,953
63.0
1,027
7.3

20,797
14,105
67.8
13,106
63.0
998
7.1

20,975
14,346
68.4
13,345
63.6
1,001
7.0

21,160
14,358
67.9
13,318
62.9
1,040
7.2

21,347
14,470
67.8
13,406
62.8
1,064
7.4

21,355
14,503
67.9
13,561
63.5
943
6.5

21,549
14,571
67.6
13,590
63.1
981
6.7

21,752
14,698
67.6
13,750
63.2
948
6.4

21,945
14,893
67.9
13,984
63.7
909
6.1

22,107
15,271
69.1
14,377
65.0
894
5.9

22.293
15,334
68.8
14,472
64.9
862
5.6

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

2




140

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

2000

1999

Educational attainment
IV

IV

IV

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,069 29,318 29,372 29,487 29,878 29,174 28,964 28,485 28,268 28,389 28,206 27,631 28,131
12,599 12,544 12,489 12,552 12,775 12,519 12,386 12,199 11,956 12,182 12,096 11,864 11,921
42.8
42.6
42.5
42.8
42.4
42.9
42.8
42;8
42.3
41.9
42.9
42.9
42.9
11,550 11,571 11,549 11,657 11,867 11,644 11,519 11,348 11,147 11,347 11,330 11.093 11.147
39.7
39.4
38.4
39.8
39.5
39.3
39.5
40.0
40.2
39.9
39.8
39.6
40.1
908
851
895
940
1,049
973
835
809
774
766
876
867
771
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.5
8.3
7.8
6.8
6.9
6.3
6.5
6.5
7.0
7.0

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,424 57,557 57,467 57,636 57,545 57,564 57,351 57,448 57,946 57,292 57,551 57,757 57.781
37,742 37,910 37,718 37,728 37,319 37,382 37,435 37,467 37,418 37,052 37,371 37,631 37,267
64.9
64.9
65.5
65.6
65.7
65.9
65.3
64.6
65.2
64.7
64.9
65.2
64.5
36,124 36,333 36,213 36,172 35,864 35,899 35,990 36,147 36,052 35,745 36,130 36,334 35.985
62.3
62.4
62.2
62.8
63.0
62.9
63.1
62.8
62.9
62.3
62.4
62.8
62.9
1,455
1,483
1,556
1,506
1,617
1,577
1,297
1,444
1,307
1,241
1,366
1,320
1,281
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.3

Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,641 42,266 42,372 42,186 42,069 41,968 42,819 43,365 42,860 43,231 43,975 44,133 44.100
31,254 31,514 31,457 31,334 31,359 31,259 31,693 32,122 31,983 32,042 32,306 32,636 32,948
74.5
74.1
74.3
74.2
75.1
74.5
74.0
74.6
74.6
74.1
73.9
74.7
73.5
30,252 30,508 30,474 30,344 30,446 30,346 30,772 31,184 31,100 31,101 31,453 31,750 32,068
71.9
72.4
71.9
71.9
72.2
72.3
71.9
72.6
71.9
72.6
71.9
72.7
71.5
913
913
921
1,005
938
990
983
883
1,003
887
942
853
880
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.2
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.2
2.7
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.6

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

40,987 41,391 41,752 42,099 42,250 43,470 43,471 43,775 44,398 45,070 44,724 45.048 44,995
33,066 33,216 33,589 33,825 34,064 34,681 34,787 35,095 35,634 35,862 35,603 36,177 36,032
80.4
80.2
80.6
80.3
80.7
80.0
79.8
80.2
80.3
79.6
79.6
80.3
801
32,386 32,512 32,982 33,195 33,492 34,084 34,133 34,445 34,941 35,248 34,982 35,566 35.472
79.0
78.5
78.4
78.8
78.7
79.3
78.7
79.0
78.2
78.2
78.5
78.8
79.0
704
597
572
630
608
614
680
692
621
654
650
611
560
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.6

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

141

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-4. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1997

Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

III

1998

IV

2000

1999
III

IV

IV

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women. 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

106,088 106,915 107,213 107,548 107,942 108,346 108,981 109,930 109,989 110,090 111,222 112,155 112,550
62,162 62,478 62,711 62,765 63.113 63,233 63,647 63,919 63,732 63,864 64,207 64,848 64,959
60,877 61,204 61,385 61,473 61,767 61,877 62,233 62,537 62,315 62,427 62,782 63,459 63,428
43,921 44,456 44,489 44,732 44,815 45,188 45,326 45,947 46.254 46,302 46,992 47,200 47,569
43,084 43,543 43,583 43,763 43,866 44,125 44,431 45,057 45,286 45,329 45,941 46,244 46,502
2,309
2,336
2,344
2,168
2,245
2,312
2,499
2,318
2,127
2,388
2.620
2,452
2,334
23,203
7,370
5,132
15,814
13,217
4,853

23,209
7,515
5,236
15,691
13,200
4,773

23.343
7,618
5,379
15,741
13,228
4,736

23,001

13,181
4,685

23,281
7,493
5,289
15,784
13,194
4,798

12,964
4,782

13,113

4,903

4,957
15,463
12,941
4,774

4,867
2,683
2,323
2,214
1,946
599

4,903
2,765
2,383
2,141
1,922
598

4,801
2,643
2,286
2,185
1,934
581

4,746
2,520
2,242
2,152
1,906
597

4,694
2,558
2,240
2,169
1,929
525

4,662
2,571
2,235
2,099
1,864
562

4,563
2,536
2,161
2,067
1,787
615

4,546
2,409
2,155
2,049
1,789
602

4,480
2,449
2,102
2,073
1,841
537

1,337
578
225
756
494
618

1,224
528
201
719
449
573

1,288
555
212
726
448
628

1,319
574
213
733
441
666

1,226
502
195
724
426
604

1,257
571
239
704
415
603

1,192
490
200
693
417
576

1,171
507
217
650
389
565

1,182
484
213
698
460
509

1,171
507
217
679
458
496

4.6
4.4
4.0
4.8
4.3
21.1

4.5
4.2
3.8
4.9
4.5
19.4

4.3
4.1
3.6
4.7
4.2
20.6

4.3
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.2
20.3

4.2
4.0
3.5
4.6
4.2
20.0

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.5
4.1
20.4

4.1
3.9
3.5
4.5
4.1
18.0

4.1
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
19.4

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.7
19.7

3.9
3.6
3.3
4.2
3.7
19.7

3.8
3.6
3.2
4.2
3.8
17.0

5.2
6.6
4.1
4.5
3.4
11.3

5.4
7.1
4.1
4.6
3.6
11.6

5.0
6.6
3.6
4.4
3.3
10.8

5.3
6.9
3.9
4.4
3.3
11.8

5.4
7.1
3.9
4.4
3.2
12.2

5.0
6.4
3.7
4.4
3.1
11.1

5.1
7.1
4.4
4.3
3.0
11.2

4.9
6.0
3.6
4.2
3.1
10.8

4.8
6.3
4.0
4.0
2.9
10.6

4.9
6.0
4.0
4.3
3.4
9.4

4.9
6.6
4.2
4.2
3.4
9.4

13,490
4,568

23,346
7,541
5,330
15,791
13,286
4,730

23,309
7,515
5,319
15,790
13,275
4,716

5,269
2,915
2,526
2,366
2,097
646

5,117
2,892
2,558
2,240
1,956
602

5,072
2,722
2,449
2,303
2,066
557

1,342
574
229
785
490
623

1,325
569
230
752
451
645

1,277
525
227
742
469
581

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.9
4.7
4.2
5.2
4.7
23.6

4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
23.0

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.5
7.2
4.1
4.7
3.5
12.1

5.4
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.7

23,218
15,798
13,369
4,522

22,995
7,366
5,283
15,654
13,288
4,424

23,305
7,432
5,247
15,865

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5,450
3,039
2,646
2,428
2,147
657

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7,421
5,327

23,106
7,468
5,241

15,667

7,559
5,254
15,437

23,179
7,533
5,163
15,629

22.671
7.202

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

142

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

1998

1997

2000

Category
IV

IV

IV

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153 135,247 135,200
42,503 42,637 42,838 42,854 42,722 42,930 43,171 43,227 43,162 43,362 43,254 43,594 43,282
32,556 32,895 32,896 32,816 32,834 32,795 33,037 33,277 33,495 33,389 33,639 33,943 33,829
7,979
7,892
7,921
8,111
7,820
7,784
8,063
8,306
8,433
8,221
8,296
7,831
7,870

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty .. 37,483
Technical, sales, and administrative
38,195
support
17,403
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair... 14,211
18,526
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
3,562
Farming, forestry, and fishing

37,674

38,017

38,328

38,650

39,089

39,676

39,849

40,588

40,802

40,627

40,775

40,890

38,415
17,679
14,184
18,463
3,469

38,569
17,849
14,184
18,362
3,455

38,467
17,894
14,347
18,441
3,408

38,496
17,710
14,625
18,329
3,483

38,702
17,768
14,279
18,072
3,565

38,429
17,979
14,407
18,179
3,528

38,912
18,051
14,639
18,225
3,449

38,844
17,987
14,378
17,957
3,475

38,727
17,947
14,471
18,112
3,399

39,206
17,678
14,893
18,372
3,380

39,609
18,404
14,604
18,333
3,589

39.496
18,385
14,752
18,301
3,418

1,860
1,480
47

1,825
1,488
50

1,919
1,331
40

1,932
1,373
45

2,091
1,343
33

2,042
1,312
35

1,922
1,353
38

1,928
1,357
36

1,926
1,252
44

2,001
1,231
40

2,031
1,318
44

2,040
1,233
44

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,953
1,421
57

116,709 117,490 118,049 118,554 118,843 118,939 119,774 120,894 121,081 121,307 122,015 123,053 123,162
98,661
99,293 99,883 100,311 100,539 100,606 101,123 102,098 102,229 102,232 103,122 103,718 104,086
894
953
979
944
944
989
911
1,010
920
976
908
915
951
97,753 98,378 98,963 99,300 99,560 99,695 100,170 101,204 101,285 101,281 102,179 102,729 103,110
18,797 18,852
18.893 19,335 19.075
18,243 18,304 18,333 18,651
18,166
18,048
18,198
19,075
8,768
8,911
8,789
8,727
8,766
8,911
8,870
9,019
9,000
8,926
9,105
8,893
8.710
115
109
71
102
91
106
93
106
98
133
120
90
85

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

4,134
2,342
1,474
18,175

4,023
2,201
1,499
17,961

3,951
2,248
1,393
18,275

3,877
2,174
1,392
18,483

3,749
2,125
1,293
18,469

3,586
2,094
1,190
18,583

3,424
1,972
1,153
18,679

3,474
2,018
1,145
18,629

3,393
1,978
1,093
18,720

3,293
1,933
1,060
19,005

3,258
1,936
1,017
18,689

3,161
1,840
996
18,897

3,163
1,872
1,005
18,397

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,931
2,205
1,434
17,607

3,849
2,089
1,470
17,403

3,761
2,137
1,360
17,662

3,706
2,060
1,365
17,885

3,602
2,042
1,258
17,888

3,404
1,989
1,158
17,988

3,265
1,882
1,127
18,136

3,316
1,925
1,109
18,053

3,221
1,864
1,069
18,134

3,127
1,823
1,046
18,464

3,082
1,822
998
18,131

3,018
1,758
971
18,312

3.028
1.778
982
17.846

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work
full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such




as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.

143

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997

1998

2000

1999

Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131.526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153 135,247 135,200

19,025
6,643
2,647
4,008
12,382
110,330
94,313

15,973

19,023! 19,224 19,501 19,579 19,566 19,789 19,966 19,967 20,084 20,249 20,524 20,546
6,785
7,137
7,151
7,098
7,088
7,012
7,004
6,613
7,166
7,296
7,243
7,392
2,795
2,782
2,748
2,766
2,749
2,697
2,630
2,789
2,785
2,811
2,827
2,821
4,332
4,362
4,349
4,326
4,279
3,979
4,093
4,203
4,431
4,391
4,577
4,459
12,410 12,439 12,497 12,567 12,478 12,692 12,815 12,801 12,947 13,006 13,228 13,154
110,905 111,203 111,368 111,700 111,956 112,393 113,124 113,264 113,438 113,879 114,729 114,682
94,908 94,839 94,996 95,137 95,340 95,575 96,177 96,039 96,105 96,600 97,188 96,993
16,016 16,373 16,391 16,514 16,640 16,840 16,959 17,170 17,354 17,304 17,551 17,640

69,598

69,839

70,114

70,313

70,633

70,695

71,125

71,289

71,248

71,501

71,761

72,381

72,157

9,982
3,373

9,936
3,364

10,197
3,534
1,400

10,159
3,578
1,391
2,182
6,581
60,548
51,252

10,308
3,606
1,380
2,218
6,703
60,798
51,460

10,365
3,647
1,420
2,224
6,718

10,461

10,533
3,717
1,449
2,260

10,777

3,689
1,434
2,273

3,696

1,352

10,119
3,511
1,422
2,087
6,608

10,309

1,345
2,047

9,997
3,496
1,397
2,100

6,619

6,764
61,052
51,439

9,364

60,951
51,398
9,517

10,721
3,777
1.442
2.347
6,944
61,437

9,299

60,924
51,509
9,426

9,614

51,643
9,588

3,796
1,492
2,301
6,981
61,589
51,891
9,722

1,444
2,237

6,609
59,626
50,674
8,928

1,999
6,572
59,921
50,954
8,961

60,099
51,010
9,113

60,189
51,144

9,054

6,662
60,450
51,249
9,171

59,733

60,088

60,334

60,548

60,622

60,831

61,083

61,788

61,966

62,025

62,392

62,866

63,043

9,043
3,270

9,086
3,248

9,227

9,382
3,493

9,407

9,481

3,510

3,492

9,601
3,504

3,615

1,300

1,367

1,376

1,993

1,368
2,131

1,362
2,138

5,938

2,116
5,889

5,897

5,989

50,984
43,953
7,054

51,103
43,829
7,259

51,178
43,852
7,337

51,250
43,889
7,343

51,408
44,088
7,340

51,595

6,097
52,200
44,668
7,533

9,623
3,440
1,351
2,095
6,183
52,386
44,666
7,740

9,747
3,500

1,278
1,981
5,838

9,659
3,477
1,351
2,118
6,182

9,716
3,527

1,302
1,961
5,773
50,703

9,382
3,478
1,349
2,124
5,904

1,363
2,171
6,190
52,671

1,335
2,158
6,248
53,140

44.957
7,716

45,298
7,830

43,639
7,045

6,501

3,289

2,154

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




IV

2,144

44,115
7,475

used in the household survey.

144

52,313
44,641
7,653

6,816
61,208

51,747

9,667

9,825
1,379
2,230
6,210
53,245
45,246

7,973

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-7. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1997

1999

1998

2000

Age and sex
III

IV

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

IV

6,777

6,614

6,387

6,412

6,076

6,207

6,114

5,981

5.930

5,868

5,727

5,733

5,627

2,439
1,282
589
696
1,157
4,337
3,833
500

2,374
1,296
598
699
1,078
4,260
3,755
502

2,332
1,168
566
608
1,163
4,048
3,575
468

2,348
1,183
589
584
1,165
4,067
3,617
460

2,228
1,174
550
627
1,054
3,842
3,406
432

2,348
1,231
568
667
1,118
3,869
3,400
464

2,205
1,232
584
649
973
3,899
3,394
501

2,240
1,212
559
643
1,028
3,741
3,249
501

2,171
1,128
544
587
1,043
3,754
3,247
505

2,175
1,141
525
621
1,034
3,701
3,208
486

2,235
1,164
547
618
1,071
3,492
3,026
469

2,195
1,124
502
613
1,071
3,543
3,044
513

2,120
1,032
480
555
1,088
3,494
3,071
428

3,581

3,475

3,404

3,362

3,169

3,309

3,195

3,106

3,086

3,046

3,019

2,984

2,907

1,309
712
326
393
597
2,275
1,991
285

1,318
708
313
392
611
2,170
1,896
277

1,294
624
306
319
670
2,107
1,819
285

1,303
685
338
340
618
2,053
1,778
274

1,220
650
308
350
570
1,948
1,699
249

1,320
706
331
374
614
2,000
1,735
270

1,220
701
344
355
519
1,972
1,682
286

1.198
666
302
359
532
1,900
1,626
271

1,197
616
306
317
581
1,887
1,620
269

1,166
605
281
324
561
1,890
1,602
291

1,223
644
290
352
579
1,796
1,534
259

1,164
616
276
335
548
1,814
1,542
269

1,153
595
277
325
559
1,750
1.506
248

3,196

3,139

2,983

3,051

2,907

2,898

2,918

2,875

2,844

2,822

2,708

2,749

2,720

1,130
570
263
303
560
2,062
1,842
216

1,056
589
285
307
467
2,090
1,858
225

1,038
544
259
289
494
1,941
1,756
183

1,046
498
251
244
547
2,014
1,839
186

1,008
524
242
277
484
1,894
1,707
183

1,028
524
236
293
504
1,869
1,666
194

985
531
240
294
454
1,927
1,712
215

1,042
546
257
284
496
1,841
1,623
230

974
512
238
270
462
1,867
1,628
236

1,009
535
244
297
474
1,811
1,605
194

1,012
520
257
266
492
1,696
1,492
211

1,031
508
226
278
523
1,729
1,502
243

967
438
204
230
529
1,743
1,565
180

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




IV

used in the household survey.

145

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-8. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998

1997

2000

1999

Age and sex
IV

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

IV

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

11.4
16.2
18.2
14.8
8.5
3.8
3.9
3.0

11.1
16.4
18.5
14.9
8.0
3.7
3.8
3.0

10.8
14.7
17.3
12.9
8.6
3.5
3.6
2.8

10.7
14.5
17.4
12.2
8.5
3.5
3.7
2.7

10.2
14.3
16.7
12.8
7.7
3.3
3.5
2.5

10.7
14.8
17.0
13.4
8.2
3.3
3.4
2.7

10.0
14.8
17.5
13.0
7.1
3.4
3.4
2.9

10.1
14.5
16.7
12.8
7.4
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.5
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.8
13.8
15.8
12.5
7.4
3.2
3.2
2.7

9.9
13.8
16.3
12.2
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.6

9.7
13.4
15.1
12.1
7.5
3.0
3.0
2.8

9.4
12.3
14.5
10.8
7.6
3.0
3.1
2.4

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

11.6
17.4
19.5
16.1
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1

11.7
17.4
18.8
16.4
8.5
3.5
3.6
3.0

11.5
15.1
18.0
13.2
9.3
3.4
3.4
3.0

11.4
16.3
19.2
14.0
8.6
3.3
3.4
2.9

10.7
15.5
18.0
14.0
7.9
3.1
3.2
2.6

11.5
16.5
19.2
14.6
8.5
3.2
3.3
2.8

10.6
16.3
20.0
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
3.0

10.4
15.4
17.6
13.9
7.3
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.4
14.3
17.6
12.3
8.1
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.0
14.1
16.3
12.7
7.7
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.8
16.7
13.5
7.8
2.9
2.9
2.6

9.7
14.0
15.6
12.7
7.3
2.9
2.9
2.7

9.7
13.6
16.1
12.2
7.4
2.8
2.8
2.5

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.1

11.1
14.9
16.8
13.4
8.8
3.9
4.1
3.0

10.4
15.3
18.2
13.4
7.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

10.1
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.5

10.0
12.5
15.5
10.3
8.5
3.8
4.0
2.5

9.7
13.1
15.2
11.5
7.6
3.6
3.7
2.4

9.9
13.0
14.7
12.0
7.9
3.5
3.6
2.6

9.4
13.2
14.9
12.1
7.0
3.6
3.7
2.8

9.8
13.5
15.9
11.7
7.5
3.4
3.5
3.0

9.2
12.8
15.0
11.3
6.9
3.4
3.5
3.0

9.5
13.5
15.3
12.4
7.1
3.3
3.5
2.4

9.4
12.9
15.9
10.9
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.7

9.6
12.7
14.5
11.4
7.7
3.2
3.2
3.0

9.0
10.8
12.9
9.4
7.9
3.2
3.3
2.2

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




III

used in the household survey.

146

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-9. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)

1997

1998

2000

1999

Category
IV

IV

IV

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.7
3.9
4.3
14.5

4.4
3.6
4.0
14.3

4.5
3.7
4.0
14.8

4.4
3.6
4.0
14.8

4.3
3.5
3.8
14.5

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.2
3.5
3.8
13.8

4.1
3.4
3.6

4.1
3.3
3.6

16.4

4.7
4.0
4.1
14.7

13.8

13.4

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.3

10.4
7.8

4.2
8.3
9.5
7.5

4.0
8.4
9.6
7.3

4.0
8.1
9.3
7.1

3.8
7.7
8.9
7.0

3.9
7.8
9.1
7.2

3.8
7.3
8.3
7.4

3.7
7.1
8.0
6.5

3.8
6.8
7.7
6.7

3.7
7.1
8.2
6.4

3.5
7.1
8.1
6.1

3.5
6.8
7.8
5.9

3.4
6.8
7.7
5.6

2.7
3.2
7.9

2.6
3.1
7.8

2.5
2.9
7.9

2.5
3.1
7.6

2.3
2.8
7.3

2.3
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.8
6.7

2.3
2.8
6.5

2.3
2.7
6.5

2.2
2.7
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.1

2.0
2.7
6.4

1.8
2.7
6.3

2.0
4.1
4.8
7.5
7.0

2.0
4.1
4.7
7.4
6.9

1.8
4.0
4.8
6.9
7.2

1.9
4.0
4.5
6.6
6.6

1.7
3.8
4.1
6.6
6.1

1.8
3.8
4.3
6.8
6.8

1.9
3.8
3.8
6.6
6.6

1.9
3.8
3.9
6.1
7.3

2.0
3.6
4.2
6.3
7.3

1.8
3.7
4.1
6.3
6.1

1.8
3.6
3.9
6.2
6.1

1.7
3.5
3.9
6.2
5.2

1.7
3.6
3.5
6.4
5.9

5.1
5.4
2.9
8.7
4.3
3.6
5.4
4.9
3.2
6.3
3.1
4.7
2.5
9.0

4.9
5.2
4.0
8.8
4.1
3.3
5.2
4.8
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.5
2.6
9.2

4.7
4.9
4.0
8.5
3.7
3.2
4.5
4.7
3.2
6.0
2.6
4.4
2.4
9.7

4.7
4.9
3.1
8.2
3.9
3.4
4.6
4.7
3.5
5.7
2.6
4.6
2.5
9.1

4.5
4.6
2.8
7.4
3.7
3.2
4.6
4.5
3.3
5.4
2.2
4.6
2.1
7.9

4.7
4.9
3.4
7.6
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.6
3.4
5.6
2.4
4.5
2.3
8.0

4.5
4.6
3.6
6.8
3.9
3.3
4.8
4.5
3.2
5.4
2.7
4.5
2.2
8.0

4.3
4.6
6.3
7.2
3.6
3.2
4.1
4.2
2.9
5.3
2.3
4.2
2.2
9.7

4.3
4.6
6.4
7.3
3.6
3.4
3.9
4.3
3.0
5.3
2.6
4.1
2.4
9.7

4.3
4.7
5.6
7.1
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.2
3.1
5.1
2.3
4.2
2.1
8.1

4.2
4.4
4.5
6.3
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.1
5.2
2.2
3.9
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.4
3.0
6.9
3.5
2.9
4.3
4.2
3.3
5.3
2.6
4.0
2.0
5.7

4.1
4.2
3.5
5.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.0
2.9
5.1
2.4
3.8
2.1
7.8

5.0
4.2
4.4
16.2

4.2
9.2

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

4.8
4.0
4.3

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

147

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-10. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997

2000

1999

Reason
IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,063
952
2,111
794
2,384
559

2,930
850
2,080
845
2,246
569

2,924
923
2,001
714
2,207
541

2,894
896
1,998
778
2,208
531

2,781
796
1,985
698
2,094
524

2,817
905
1,913
749
2,130
496

2,787
857
1,930
710
2,093
529

2,692
850
1,842
751
2,035
488

2,681
852
1,829
807
2,037
424

2,624
870
1,754
773
1,971
481

2,471
816
1,655
808
1,976
483

2,545
786
1,759
786
1,999
405

2,413
852
1,561
759
2,043
417

45.0
14.0
31.0
11.7
35.1
8.2

44.5
12.9
31.6
12.8
34.1
8.6

45.8
14.4
31.3
11.2
34.6
8.5

45.1
14.0
31.2
12.1
34.4
8.3

45.6
13.1
32.6
11.5
34.3
8.6

45.5
14.6
30.9
12.1
34.4
8.0

45.5
14.0
31.5
11.6
34.2
8.6

45.1
14.2
30.9
12.6
34.1
8.2

45.1
14.3
30.7
13.6
34.2
7.1

44.9
14.9
30.0
13.2
33.7
8.2

43.1
14.2
28.8
14.1
34.4
8.4

44.4
13.7
30.7
13.7
34.9
7.1

42.8
15.1
27.7
13.5
36.3
7.4

2.3
.6
1.8
.4

2.1
.6
1.6
.4

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.1
.6
1.6
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

1.7
.5
1 5
3

in the household survey.

D-11. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1999

1998

2000

Duration
IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks

2,517
2,149
2,115
1,047
1,068

2,470
2,098
2,065
988
1,077

2,522
1,982
1,905
915
990

2,657
1,936
1,798
838
961

2,598
1,992
1,533
701
832

2,608
1,971
1,620
765
854

2,642
1,912
1,587
745843

2,501
1,940
1,499
761
738

2,594
1,825
1,542
795
748

2,607
1,794
1,462
745
717

2,589
1,755
1,408
712
695

2,624
1,779
1,315
666
649

2,527
1,860
1.276
647
630

15.5
8.1

16.1
8.1

15.8
7.6

15.2
7.0

14.5
6.5

14.1
6.7

14.1
6.5

13.6
6.8

13.6
6.3

13.2
6.0

13.0
6.1

12.8
5.9

12.5
5.9

100.0
37.1
31.7
31.2
15.4
15.7

100.0
37.2
31.6
31.1
14.9
16.2

100.0
39.4
30.9
29.7
14.3
15.4

100.0
41.6
30.3
28.1
13.1
15.0

100.0
42.4
32.5
25.0
11.4
13.6

100.0
42.1
31.8
26.1
12.3
13.8

100.0
43.0
31.1
25.8
12.1
13.7

100.0
42.1
32.7
25.2
12.8
12.4

100.0
43.5
30.6
25.9
13.3
12.5

100.0
44.5
30.6
24.9
12.7
12.2

100.0
45.0
30.5
24.5
12.4
12.1

100.0
45.9
31.1
23.0
11.6
11.4

100.0
44.6
32.8
22.5
11.4
11.1

Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

148

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Employment status, sex, and age

Black

Hispanic origin

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

2000

II
1999

2000

1999

2000

207,432
139,275
67.1
133,453
3,500
129,953
5,822
4.2
68,157

209,377
140,977
67.3
135,456
3,501
131,956
5,521
3.9
68,400

172,862
116,495
67.4
112,203
3,279
108,924
4,292
3.7
56,367

174,202
117,681
67.6
113,712
3,268
110,444
3,968
3.4
56,521

24,799
16,289
65.7
15,064
120
14,944
1,225
7.5
8,509

25,162
16,592
65.9
15,349
152
15,197
1,244
7.5
8,570

21,549
14,547
67.5
13,612
779
12,833
935
6.4
7,002

22,293
15,322
68.7
14,501
836
13,665
821
5.4
6,971

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,565
74,561
74.9
71,553
2,601
68,952
3,008
4.0
25,004

100,569
75,293
74.9
72,463
2,549
69,915
2,829
3.8
25,276

83,817
63,503
75.8
61,255
2,419
58,836
2,248
3.5
20,314

84,530
63,953
75.7
61,895
2,370
59,525
2,057
3.2
20,577

11,117
7,619
68.5
7.045
104
6,941
574
7.5
3,498

11,293
7,789
69.0
7,176
123
7,053
613
7.9
3,505

10,666
8.502
79.7
8,018
679
7,340
484
5.7
2,164

11,017
8,934
81.1
8,540
701
7,839
394
4.4
2,083

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,386
70,134
76.7
67,782
2,376
65,406
2,353
3.4
21,251

92,419
70,809
76.6
68,611
2,353
66,258
2,198
3.1
21,611

77,324
59,736
77.3
57,969
2,209
55,760
1,767
3.0
17,587

78,032
60,133
77.1
58,540
2,182
56,358
1,593
2.6
17,899

9,900
7,163
72.4
6,727
100
6,626
436
6.1
2,737

10,080
7,304
72.5
6,825
117
6,708
478
6.6
2,776

9,479
7,909
83.4
7,530
629
6,901
379
4.8
1,570

9,814
8,302
84.6
8,001
655
7,347
300
3.6
1,512

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

107,866
64,714
60.0
61,900
899
61,001
2,814
4.3
43,153

108,808
65,684
60.4
62,993
952
62,041
2,691
4.1
43,124

89,045
52,992
59.5
50,948
860
50,088
2,044
3.9
36,053

89,672
53,728
59.9
51,817
898
50,919
1,911
3.6
35,944

13,681
8,670
63.4
8,019
16
8,003
651
7.5
5,011

13,869
8,804
63.5
8,173
29
8,144
631
7.2
5,065

10,883
6,046
55.5
5,594
101
5,493
452
7.5
4,838

11,275
6,388
56.7
5,961
135
5,826
427
6.7
4,888

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

100,021
60,654
60.6
58,410
840
57,570
2,244
3.7
39,367

100,915
61,560
61.0
59,363
879
58,484
2,197
3.6
39,354

82,850
49,565
59.8
47,952
803
47,148
1,614
3.3
33,285

83,460
50,260
60.2
48,713
833
47,880
1,547
3.1
33,200

12,421
8,183
65.9
7,648
15
7,633
535
6.5
4,238

12,613
8,316
65.9
7,790
25
7,764
526
6.3
4,297

9,770
5,614
57.5
5,240
96
5,144
374
6.7
4,156

10,142
5,906
58.2
5,571
125
5,446
334
5.7
4,237

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

16,025
8,487
53.0
7,262
285
6,977
1,225
14.4
7,539

16,043
8,608
53.7
7,482
269
7,214
1,126
13.1
7,435

12,689
7,194
56.7
6,283
267
6,016
911
12.7
5,495

12,710
7,288
57.3
6,460
253
6,206
829
11.4
5,421

2,478
944
38.1
689
5
684
255
27.0
1,534

2,470
973
39.4
734
9
725
239
24.6
1,497

2,300
1,024
44.5
842
54
788
182
17.8
1,276

2,336
1,115
47.7
928
56
872
186
16.7
1,221

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

149

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-13. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1

Employment status, sex, and age

II

Mexican origin

II

II

II

Puerto Rican origin
II
II

Cuban origin

II

II

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

21,549
14,547
67.5
13,612

22,293
15,322
68.7
14,501

13,524
9,187
67.9
8,562

14,318
9,878
69.0
9,314

2,216
1,354
61.1
1,243

2,076
1,343
64.7
1,267

1,104

1,045

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

645
61.7

779

836

709

760

8

12,833

13,665

7,853

8,554

1,236

935
6.4

821
5.4

625
6.8

564
5.7

111
8.2
862

76
5.7
732

674
9
665
16
2.4
413

1,002

679

921
659

553
420

535
389

67.7

71.5

76.0

72.7

627
8
620
51
7.5
323

627
10
617
31
4.8
263

415
4
411
5
1.3
133

374
8
366
15

882
627

819
617

513
401

494
374

71.1

75.4

78.2

75.7

396
4
392
5
1.2
112

361
8
353
13
3.5
120

551
270

510
256

7,002

6,971

4,338

4,440

10,666
8,502
79.7
8,018

11,017
8,934
81.1
8.540

6,909
5,589
80.9
5,236

7,319
6,019
82.2
5.742

679

701

617

642

7,340

7.839

4,619

5,100

484
5.7

394
4.4

353
6.3

278
4.6

2.164

2,083

1,320

1,299

9,479
7,909
83.4
7,530

9,814
8,302
84.6
8,001

6,069
5,155
84.9
4,884

6,469
5,552
85.8
5,336

629
6,901

655

571

7,347

4,313

596
4,741

1,512

271
5.3
914

216
3.9
917

10,883
6,046
55.5
5,594

11,275
6,388
56.7
5,961

6,616
3,598
54.4
3,326

6,999
3,858
55.1
3,572

101

135

92

118

5,493

5,826

3,234

3,454

452

379
4.8

300
3.6

1,570

7.5

427
6.7

272
7.6

286
7.4

4,838

4,888

3,018

3.141

9,770
5,614
57.5
5,240

10,142
5,906
58.2
5,571

5,874
3,295
56.1
3,074

6,211
3,523
56.7
3,308

96

125

87

110

5,144

5,446

2,987

3,198

334
5.7

221
6.7

215
6.1

4,156

4,237

2,579

2,687

2,300
1,024
44.5

2,336
1,115
47.7

1,581

1.639

842
54
788
182

928
56
872
186

17.8
1,276

16.7
1,221

374
6.7

1
Includes persons of- Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.




691
62.6

581
6
575
46
7.3
255
1,214

12
1,255

594
10
583
24
3.8
202
1,154

619
10
609
26
4.0
401

3.9
146

676

685

55.7

59.3

616
616

640
2
638

259
5
255

245

60
8.9
538

45
6.6
469

11

4.1
280

10
4.0
255

1,094
644

1,043

626

522
255

489
249

58.9

60.0

48.9

51.0

593
593
51
8.0
450

589
588
37
5.9
417

244
5
239
11
4.3
267

239
1
238
10

49.1

50.1

1

244

3.9
240

736

802

240
83

213
100

69
35

62
22

46.6

49.0

34.8

46.9

50.5

34.6

604
50
553
133

669
54
615
133

69
1
68
14

85
1
83
15

18.0

16.6

16.8

15.5

845

836

156

113

34
34
1
()
34
2

19
19
3
()
41
2

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

150

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-14. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Category

Black

White

Hispanic origin

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

133,453
71,553
61,900

135,456
72,463
62,993

112,203
61,255
50,948

113,712
61,895
51,817

15,064
7,045
8,019

15,349
7,176
8,173

13,612
8,018
5,594

14,501
8,540
5,961

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

40,535
19,715
20,820

40,845
19,797
21,048

35,212
17,369
17,843

35,145
17,304
17,841

3,223
1,464
1,759

3,375
1,554
1,822

2,102
1,155
947

2,014
1,049
965

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

38,782
4,345
15,995
18,442

39,430
4,349
16,365
18,716

32,735
3,589
13,907
15,238

33,192
3,641
14,174
15,377

4,261
484
1,355
2,422

4,469
463
1,428
2,578

3,296
288
1,268
1,740

3,523
306
1,454
1,763

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

18,048
843
2,423
14,781

18,438
859
2,410
15,168

13,760
651
1,892
11,217

14,243
680
1,877
11,686

3,395
154
465
2,776

3,303
128
455
2,720

2,692
234
201
2,257

2,791
271
212
2,308

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,491
4,960
5,606
3,925

14,871
4,981
6,005
3,885

12,739
4,344
5,028
3,367

13,129
4,395
5,427
3,308

1,237
425
470
342

1,218
398
448
372

1,800
486
798
516

2,102
539
1,000
563

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,909
7,269
5,456
5,184
882
4,302

18,244
7,362
5,489
5,392
986
4,406

14,356
5,745
4,452
4,159
769
3,390

14,634
5,894
4,426
4,314
866
3,448

2,769
1,106
842
821
86
735

2,820
1,050
888
881
101
781

2,878
1,331
608
939
206
733

3,162
1,408
636
1,118
281
837

3,688

3,630

3,402

3,369

179

164

844

908

2,066
1,399
35

2,183
1,276
42

1,901
1,346
33

2,002
1,224
42

94
27

117
35

687
92

752
83
1

121,031
18,860
102,171
935
101,237
8,847
74

123,097
19,070
104,027
967
103,060
8,770
88

100,970
15,119
85,852
714
85,137
7,892
61

102,559
15,259
87,300
766
86,534
7,804
80

14,443
2,880
11,563
173
11,390
501

14,611
2,958
11,653
149
11,504
584
2

12,152
1,451
10,701
254
10,447
673
8

13,023
1.449
11,574
293
11,282
621
20

110,297
23,155

112,839
22,617

92,178
20,025

94,053
19,660

12,891
2,173

13.352
1,997

11,648
1,964

12,656
1,845

SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Farming, forestry, and fishing
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household data.

151

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-15. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time
status
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican
origin

Cuban origin

Category
1999

II
2000

II
1999

2000

II
1999

II
2000

13,612
8,018
5,594

14,501
8,540
5,961

8,562
5,236
3,326

9,314
5,742
3,572

1,243
627
616

1,267
627
640

674
415
259

619
374
245

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

2,102
1,155
947

2,014
1,049
965

1,044
600
444

1,078
582
497

253
129
123

231
106
124

175
93
82

138
65
73

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

3,296
288
1,268
1,740

3,523
306
1,454
1,763

1,878
147
744
987

2,032
179
833
1,020

404
32
117
256

413
28
152
234

233
37
89
107

211
22
93
97

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

2,692
234
201
2,257

2,791
271
212
2,308

1,683
133
102
1,448

1,764
138
115
1,511

226
2
37
187

241
8
32
200

81
3
10
69

86
6
11
70

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,800
486
798
516

2,102
539
1,000
563

1,230
310
555
365

1,468
354
724
391

131
56
43
31

119
43
44
32

74
28
35
11

88
29
41
17

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

2,878
1,331
608
939
206
733

3,162
1,408
636
1,118
281
837

1,971
926
397
648
160
488

2,155
967
409
779
217
562

215
89
50
76
5
70

252
111
56
85
12
74

100
35
35
30
4
26

83
25
26
31
5
27

844

908

756

816

14

11

11

12

687
92

752
83
1

630
79

692
67
1

12,152
1,451
10,701
254
10,447
673
8

13,023
1,449
11,574
293
11,282
621
20

7,471
904
6,567
143
6,424
378
4

8,205
889
7,316
153
7,163
335
14

1,189
193
997
3
993
44
3

1,228
188
1,040
8
1,032
27

624
79
546
5
540
41

566
77
491
6
485
42

11,648
1,964

12,656
1,845

7,335
1,227

8,179
1,135

1,053
190

1,082
185

557
117

543
76

II
1999

li
2000

SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Farming, forestry, and fishing
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

12

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part time workers

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

152

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES

D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total
Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

White

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

133,453

135,456

112,203

7,262
2,774
4,488
12,898
113,294
96,124
17,169

7,482
2,808
4,674
13,249
114,724
97,088
17,637

71,553

Hispanic origin

II
1999

2000

1999

2000

113,712

15,064

15,349

13,612

14,501

6,283
2,425
3,858
10,686
95,235
80,064
15,171

6,460
2,453
4,006
11,030
96,222
80,752
15,471

689
228
462
1,632
12,743
11,378
1,365

734
251
482
1,639
12,976
11,497
1,479

842
247
595
1,896
10,875
9,792
1,083

928
286
642
1,939
11,634
10,474
1,160

72,463

61,255

61,895

7,045

7,176

8,018

8,540

3,772
1,444
2,328
6,673
61,109
51,556
9,553

3,853
1,451
2,402
6,995
61,616
51,914
9,702

3,286
1,265
2,021
5,726
52,244
43,689
8,555

3,356
1,278
2,078
5,961
52,579
43,959
8,620

318
116
202
696
6,031
5,400
631

351
125
226
739
6,086
5,377
709

488
143
345
1,120
6,410
5,782
629

539
161
377
1,160
6,841
6,150
691

61,900

62,993

50,948

51,817

8,019

8,173

5,594

5,961

3,490
1,330
2,160
6,225
52,185
44,568
7,617

3,629
1,358
2,272
6,255
53,109
45,174
7,935

2,997
1,160
1,837
4,960
42,991
36,375
6,616

3,104
1,176
1,928
5,069
43,644
36,793
6,851

371
112
260
936
6,712
5,978
734

383
126
257
900
6,890
6,120
770

354
104
249
776
4,464
4,010
454

390
125
265
778
4,793
4,325
468

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




Black

controls used in the household survey.

153

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

Total
Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

NOTE:

II
1999

White
II
2000

II
2000

II
1999

Hispanic origi i
II
2000

II
1999

I
2000

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.4

7.5

7.5

6.4

5.4

14.4
18.6
11.6
7.4
3.0
3.1
2.7

13.1
16.9
10.6
7.6
2.8
2.9
2.2

12.7
16.7
9.9
6.4
2.7
2.7
2.6

11.4
14.9
9.0
6.0
2.5
2.5
2.1

27.0
35.1
22.2
13.7
5.3
5.5
3.4

24.6
30.7
21.0
16.7
5.0
5.2
3.2

17.8
22.2
15.8
8.1
5.1
5.2
4.7

1(5.7

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.2

7.5

7.9

5.7

4.4

14.8
19.7
11.5
7.8
2.8
2.9
2.5

14.1
18.2
11.4
7.2
2.6
2.7
2.3

12.8
17.4
9.6
6.6
2.5
2.5
2.5

12.2
16.0
9.6
5.7
2.3
2.3
2.2

30.3
37.4
25.5
16.5
4.7
5.0
2.5

27.7
34.3
23.5
17.9
4.9
5.3
2.5

17.6
21.4
15.9
8.2
4.2
4.1
4.8

14 9
23 0
108
6.4
3.1
3.2
2.9

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.6

7.5

7.2

7.5

6.7

14.0
17.5
11.8
7.0
3.3
3.3
3.0

12.0
15.3
9.9
7.9
3.0
3.2
2.2

12.6
15.8
10.3
6.1
2.9
2.9
2.8

10.5
13.8
8.4
6.4
2.7
2.8
2.0

23.8
32.5
19.4
11.4
5.8
6.0
4.1

21.5
26.7
18.6
15.7
5.0
5.1
3.9

18.0
23.3
15.6
8.0
6.4
6.6
4.6

21.4
18.
8.<5.Z
5.C
4.C

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




II
1999

Black

controls used in the household survey.

154

M.O
7.2

2.3

19.;?

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-18. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Reasons

White

Black

Hispanic origin

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

5,822
2,497
730
1,767
1,270
496
757
2,073
495

5,521
2,240
718
1,522
1,066
456
713
2,082
486

4,292
1,888
601
1,287
933
353
577
1,498
329

3,968
1,658
586
1,072
764
308
555
1,423
332

1,225
491
101
391
276
115
139
461
134

1,244
474
101
373
254
119
114
536
120

935
435
154
281
191
90
75
360
65

821
327
119
209
126
82
96
300
98

42.9
12.5
30.3
13.0
35.6
8.5

40.6
13.0
27.6
12.9
37.7
8.8

44.0
14.0
30.0
13.5
34.9
7.7

41.8
14.8
27.0
14.0
35.9
8.4

40.1
8.2
31.9
11.3
37.6
11.0

38.1
8.1
30.0
9.2
43.1
9.6

46.5
16.5
30.1
8.0
38.5
7.0

39.8
14.4
25.4
11.7
36.6
11.9

1.8
.5
1.5
.4

1.6
.5
1.5
.3

1.6
.5
1.3
.3

1.4
.5
1.2
.3

3.0
.9
2.8
.8

2.9
.7
3.2
.7

3.0
.5
2.5
.5

2 i
.6
2.0
.6

1999

II
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-orgin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.

155

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-19. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Duration

White

Hispanic origi i

Black

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000

5,822
2,669
1,564
1,589
858
730

5,521
2,616
1,590
1,315
701
614

4,292
2,057
1,134
1,101
630
471

3,968
1,995
1,095
879
473
406

1,225
479
342
404
188
216

1,244
487
404
353
184
169

935
429
261
246
141
105

821
391
245
135
95

13.6
6.0

12.4
5.4

12.6
5.2

11.4
4.5

16.7
8.4

15.1
7.4

12.8
6.0

12.0
5.3

100.0
45.8
26.9
27.3
14.7
12.5

100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
12.7
11.1

100.0
47.9
26.4
25.7
14.7
11.0

100.0
50.3
27.6
22.1
11.9
10.2

100.0
39.1
27.9
33.0
15.3
17.6

100.0
39.2
32.5
28.4
14.8
13.6

100.0
45.9
27.9
26.3
15.0
11.2

100 0
47 7
29.8
22.5
11.5
10.3

1999

I
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




156

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
II
2000

II
1999

2000

97,585

100,220

$543

$566

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

55,185
6,328
48,858

56,472
6,852
49,620

617
344
665

640
371
694

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

42,400
4,902
37,498

43,748
5,167
38,581

467
316
494

485
333
508

White
Men
Women

80,928
46,858
34,070

82,937
47,939
34,997

569
638
480

584
660
494

Black
Men
Women

12,116
5,822
6,295

12,603
5,950
6,652

432
481
402

467
514
416

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

10,835
6,734
4,101

11,932
7,427
4,505

375
399
343

388
409
349

1999

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population




groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

157

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
II
1999

II
2000

20,964

20,538

$161

$171

6,716
3,807
2,909

6,458
3,718
2,741

151
121
210

158
132
205

14,248
4,648
9,600

14,080
4,549
9,531

166
122
199

178
136
210

White
Men
Women

17,832
5,633
12,199

17,709
5,414
12,295

162
150
167

172
159
179

Black
Men
Women

2,231
782
1,449

1,911
703
1,208

156
151
159

161
146
168

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

1,874
679
1,194

1,879
644
1,235

158
158
158

166
172
163

II
1999

2000

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population




groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

158

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Occupation and sex
II
1999

2000

II
1999

II
2000

TOTAL

30,856
15,274

$828
835
821
504
641
532
474
349
264
605
324
607
641
588
585
454
446
540
385
325

15,003
6,724
4,168
4,111
1,588

15,611
7,019
4,447
4,145
1,609

$790
793
788
488
620
524
446
333
204
589
312
583
611
559
562
422
416
514
365
328

15,513
8,051
7,462
10,697
1,859
5,550
3,288
5,101
20

15,658
8,293
7,365
10,874
1,829
5,724
3,322
5,475
28
1,845
3,602
10,991
4,001
4,339
2,651
12,111
4,611
4,122
3,378
1,363

943
954
929
631
751
666
546
400
1
)
$611
328
598
614
562
613
473
484
526
382
335

999
995
1,001
653
754
683
552
405
(1)
$636
351
622
645
590
649
492
498
555
401
342

15,198
6,980

675
659
690
430
516
403
426
305
199
490
304
410
526
1
)
$385
332
338
352
318
300

697
684
708
451
539
379
455
313
263
470
311
439
588
1
)
$409
353
353
421
329
288

30,475
14,986
15,489

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

27,691
3,466
9,877
14,348
10,817
345
2,139
8,334
12,011

4,289
4,163
3,559

15,582
28,554
3,652
10,254
14,648
11,446
447
2,180

8,819
12,145
4,254
4,421
3,471

Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

1,800
3,280
10,901
4,065
4,068
2,768
11,606
4,343
3,895
3,368
1,367

Women
14,962
6,935
8,027
16,994
1,607
4,327
11,060
5,716
324
339
5,053
1,110
224
95

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

791

3,397
2,381
273
743
221

Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




8,217

17,679
1,823
4,530
11,326
5,971
419
334
5,218
1,154
253
81
820
3,500
2,408
325
767
245

controls used in the household survey.

159

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Unemployed

Veteran status and age
II
1999

2000

Perc ent of
labo • force

Number
II
1999

II
2000

II
1999

II
2000
1999

2000

II
1999

2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,768
5,566
536
1,909
3,120
2,202

7,708
5,008
354
1,589
3,065
2,700

6,419
4,919
485
1,668
2,766
1,500

6,156
4,315
300
1,375
2,641
1,841

6,242
4,796
461
1,627
2,709
1,446

6,019
4,200
286
1,339
2,575
1,818

177
123
24
41
58
54

138
115
14
36
65
23

2.8
2.5
5.0
2.5
2.1
3.6

2.2
2.7
4.5
2.7
2.5
1.2

21,164
9,420
7,270
4,474

22,258
9,612
7,733
4,913

19,216
8,708
6,671
3,836

20,217
8,847
7,062
4,308

18,709
8,448
6,523
3,738

19,757
8,620
6,928
4,210

507
260
148
98

460
228
135
98

2.6
3.0
2.2
2.6

2.3
2.6
1.9
2.3

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have




never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.

160

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAVES
D-24. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age

Nonveterans

Black

White

Hispanic origin
II
2000

White

1999

2000

1999

2000

II
1999

4,959
4,436
4,336
100
2.3

4,351
3,817
3,727
91
2.4

468
368
353
15
4.2

526
393
372
21
5.4

230
194
188
6
3.1

466
430
409
21
4.9

291
252
241
11
4.3

51
44
41
3

59
45
42
2

38
36
36

18
16
15
1

7,932
7,400
7,202
199
2.7

1,675
1,477
1,446
30
2.0

1,311
1,169
1,143
27
2.3

181
150
144
6
3.7

218
161
152
8
5.1

73
59
57
2

61
50
48
3

2,818
2,529
2,480
49
1.9

2,749
2,396
2,343
53
2.2

236
174
167
7
3.9

249
188
177
11
5.8

119
99
95
3
3.4

112
89
89

Black

Hispanic origin

2000

1999

2000

1999

II
2000

191 17,828 18,909
155 16,398 17,399
152 16,004 17,055
394
344
4
2.4
2.0
2.3

2,257
1,840
1,767
74
4.0

2,251
1,818
1,728
90
4.9

2,099
1,847
1,749
98
5.3

2.248
2,018
1,955
63
3.1

8,151
7,599
7,429
170
2.2

999
855
814
40
4.7

983
804
757
47
5.8

949
856
814
41
4.8

987
904
875
29
3.2

6,127
5,694
5,579
115
2.0

6,625
6,127
6,025
102
1.7

773
647
625
22
3.4

758
620
597
23
3.8

650
572
547
25
4.4

719
644
631
13
2.1

3,769
3,304
3,223
80
2.4

4,133
3,674
3,601
73
2.0

485
339
327
12
3.4

511
394
374
19
4.9

500
419
387
32
7.6

542
470
449
21
4.5

1999

Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1

45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and




.4

Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races'
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white ana
black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

161

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the U.S. Census Bureau for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll
reports from a sample of about 300,000 establishments
employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.

Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, sou *ce
of information, methods of collection, and estimating p/ocedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed pe-sons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or moie
during the reference week in family-operated enterprise:;.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wagj
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides
information on the work status of the population withoui
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
162

employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, U.S. Census
Bureau. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ
from employment counts derived by the U.S. Census Bureau
from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and
business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central
administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial
classification of establishments; and different reporting
patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences
in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of
Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.




County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

163

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the U.S. Census Bureau
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: {\)Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




164

following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the




Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
165

exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/«//-and part-time labor force.

employed persons regardless of whether or not their
businesses were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all self-




• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
166

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.

• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

0 New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.




d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must ex-

167

pect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.




• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the Feb168

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.

ruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000 and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.




• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls
169

used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were
not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."

• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.

The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

• Beginning in January 2000, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration and an upward revision in the number of deaths. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was lowered by about 215,000.
The labor force and employment levels were decreased by
about 125,000 and 120,000, respectively. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates and other percentages of labor
market participation were not significantly affected. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.

170

Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.

ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For
example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a
population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is
twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.

The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-




Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
171

and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-




nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.

CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
172

Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug.1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed

68
230
1
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.

1. Noninterview adjustment The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Esti-

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs




173

sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that the
CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for
women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races
than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sexrace-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent
that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various

mates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many




174

Table 1 -B. Standard errors for major employment status

sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.

(In thousands)

Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




Monthly
level

Category

175

Table 1 -C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables l-F and 1-G.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1 -F and 1 -G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-




176

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1 -E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the

Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Estimated
monthly level

Agricultural
employment

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

Hispanic
origin

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

Total

White

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1 -E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

177

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

force (x = 6,000,000), Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.

table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000

a = -0.000017962

Sx = 7(-°-000017962X6,000,000)2 + (2957.13X6,000,000) = 131,000
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1 -G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.

'
'
11
(274,000 - 246,000) = 251,000
{ 120,000,000 -100,000,000
00000000 J
'
16 150 000

v

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

a = -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.

ax2

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table l-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force

bx

Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor




b = 4191.84

Sx = > / - ( 0 - 0 0 0 0 9 3 6 6 2 ) ( 6 ' 1 0 0 ' 0 0 0 ) 2 +(4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table 1 -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1 -G.

=V

2957.13

178

Table 1 -F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

2690.59
(33X100-33) = 1.0 percent
5,650,000

Characteristic

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

White1
-.000020028
Men
-.000036840
Women
-.000033710
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .... -.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
/ 2529.99 (32X100-32) -

5,600,000

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.

1.0 percent
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y - 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b - 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.




Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
179

Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

.002872129
.002884390
-.000245791

4640.81
4028.10

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Self-employed

2091.57

2

Unemployment:

2

1

High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




180

formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

b - 3139.26

S x = ^/(-O.OOO125300X11,600,000)2 + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

S x = ^(-O.OOO 125300)(l l,400,000)2 + (3139.26X11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1 -H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




181

Establishment Data
("B" tables)
estimates of employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the
data are edited again by computer to detect processing and
reporting errors that may have been missed in the initial State
editing; the edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that, in the case of employment, the sum
of the State figures will differ from the official U.S. national
totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

DATA COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State Employment Security Agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey to collect data each month on employment, hours, and
earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about 300,000
reporting units. From these data, a large number of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable industry and
geographic detail are prepared and published each month.
Historical statistics are available at http://stats.bls.gov, the
BLS Internet site.
Each month, BLS and the State agencies collect data on
employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of
establishments. Data are collected by touchtone data entry
(TDE) from most respondents. Under the TDE system, the
respondent uses a touchtone telephone to call a toll-free
number and activate an interview session. The questionnaire
resides on the computer in the form of prerecorded questions
that are read to the respondent. The respondent enters numeric
responses by pressing the touchtone phone buttons. Each
answer is read back for respondent verification. A majority
of sample units use TDE.
For establishments that do not use TDE, data are collected
mostly by mail, FAX, or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI),
through sites established on the World Wide Web, or on magnetic tape or computer diskette. Computer-assisted telephone
interviewing (CATI) is used for a small number of respondents (5 percent). Chart 1 shows the percentages of the
stablishments using different data collection methods.
All reports are edited by the State agencies each month to
make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months. The State agencies forward the data to BLSWashington. They also use the data to develop State and area

CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into
industries on the basis of their principal product or activity,
as determined from information on annual sales volume. Since
January 1980, this information has been collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire
employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification
Manual (SIC), U.S. Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of
the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied
positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent
workers are counted if they performed any service during the
month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farmworkers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military
personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence
Agency and the National Security Agency also are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (for cases in which pay is received directly from the
firm), on paid holiday, or on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed
or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as
employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on
layoff, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire
period, or who were hired but have not yet reported during
the period.

Chart 1: Distribution of CES sample by
collection mode

Tape/diskette
7%




182

ing at the site of construction or in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.

Indexes of diffusion of employment change. These indexes
measure the dispersion among industries of the change in
employment over the specified timespan. The overall indexes
are calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment
series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll
employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the timespan. The average value (mean)
is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index
number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value indicating that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers
above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing
employment. The margin between the percent that increased
and the percent that decreased is equal to the difference
between the index and its complement—that is, 100 minus
the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means that
30 percent more industries had increasing employment than
had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However,
for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number
from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant
observation.
Although diffusion indexes commonly are interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
timespan, it should be remembered that the index reflects half
of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working-supervisor level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians,
musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards,
and other employees at similar occupational levels whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the
12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, such as those for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
and vacation, and for sick leave paid directly by the firm.
Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period);
other pay not earned in the pay period reported (such as retroactive pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or
other payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such
as health and other types of insurance, contributions to
retirement, and so forth, paid by the employer) also are
excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
that includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for
holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the
pay period that included the 12th of the month. Weekend
and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums
were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard,
incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are
excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling,
packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development,
auxiliary production for plant's own use (for example, power
plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated
with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages
further reflect changes in the workweek of component
industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, and so forth, engaged in new work, alterations,
demolition, repair, maintenance, and the like, whether work-




183

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or
nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of
industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the
component aggregates.

from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate the
other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments generally are made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this period, a prorated portion of the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.

Average overtime hours. Overtime hours represent that portion of average weekly hours that exceeded regular hours and
for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were
to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total
compensation his or her holiday pay plus straight-time pay
for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition,
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in
the same direction from month to month. Such factors as
work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have
the same influence on overtime hours as on average hours.
Diverse trends at the industry group level also may be caused
by a marked change in hours for a component industry in
which little or no overtime was worked in both the previous
and current months.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime-premium pay, are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for the
industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday
pay, late-shift premiums, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300
report of the Interstate Commerce Commission, and relate to
all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants
(ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Average
hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are
obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings yields average weekly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in
output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings
for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period;
rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or
time. The earnings series do not measure the level of total
labor costs on the part of the employer because the following
are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments
of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers,
and earnings for those employees not covered under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee
definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly
earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected
not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by
changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations
in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey
period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid
may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the workforce.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to
these series as apply to the average hourly earnings series
described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate these series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu
of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month
using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earnings and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). The
reference year for these series is 1982.
184

ESTIMATING METHODS

putation of bias adjustment factors for each month. Bias
factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates, all
other derivative series (such as number of production workers and average hourly earnings) also are recalculated. New
seasonal adjustment factors are calculated and all data series
for the previous 5 years are re-seasonally adjusted before full
publication of all revised data in June of each year.

[NOTE: This section and the next apply to all industries
except those in the wholesale trade major industry division.
(See the section on CES sample redesign for information on
wholesale trade.)]
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered
by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual
benchmarks, established for March of each year, are projected
forward for each subsequent month based on the trend of the
sample employment, using an estimation procedure called
the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link relatives are
computed for each basic estimating cell and summed to
create aggregate-level employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately 300,000
business establishments nationwide. A current month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current month. A bias
adjustment factor is then applied to this result, primarily to
account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into basic estimating
cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours,
and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size, for a majority of cells.
In a few industries, mostly within the construction
division, geographic stratification also is used. Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are
defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics that the survey measures, particularly
employment change and average earnings, often vary significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification
reduces the variance of the published industry-level
estimates.

Benchmarks
For the establishment survey, annual benchmarks are constructed in order to realign the sample-based employment
totals for March of each year with the Ul-based population
counts for March. These population counts are much less
timely than sample-based estimates; however, they provide
an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative file
of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by UI
laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State Employment Security Agency
four times a year. Approximately 99 percent of private employment within the scope of the establishment survey is covered by UI. A benchmark for the remaining 1 percent is constructed from alternate sources, primarily records from the
Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security
Administration. The full benchmark developed for March
replaces the March sample-based estimate for each basic cell.
The monthly sample-based estimates for the year preceding
and the year following the benchmark are also then subject to
revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure. The
difference between the final benchmark level and the previously published March sample estimate is calculated and
spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge is
linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added to
the February estimate, ten-twelfths to the January estimate,
and so on, back to the previous April estimate, which receives
one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes that the
total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated
at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark also are recalculated each year. These postbenchmark
estimates reflect the application of sample-based monthly
changes to new benchmark levels for March, and the recom-




Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current
month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is called
a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative is computed
and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to
derive the current month's estimate. Thus, a March benchmark
is moved forward to the next March benchmark through
application of monthly link relatives. Basic cell estimates
created through the link relative technique are aggregated to
form published industry level estimates for employment, as
described in table 2-A. Basic estimation for the nonprobability-based sample and aggregation methods for the
hours and earnings data also are shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Except for the wholesale trade division,
bias adjustment factors are computed at the 3-digit SIC level
and applied each month at the basic cell level, as part of the
standard estimation procedures. The main purpose of bias
adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling er185

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
for the non-probability-based and the probability-based sample estimates
Non-probability sample
Employment,
hours, and
earnings

Probability sample

Both samples
Aggregate industry level
(division and, where
stratified, industry)

Basic estimating cell (industry, Basic estimating cell (industry,
region, size, or region/size cell)
4-digit published level)

All employees

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio
of all employees in current
month to all employees in pre, vious month, for sample estab! lishments that reported for both
I months.1

Production or
nonsupervisory
workers, women
employees

All-employee estimate for cur- All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) rent month multiplied by (1) the
| ratio of production or non- ratio of the sum of the weighted
supervisory workers to all production or nonsupervisory
employees in sample establish- workers and the sum of the
ments for current month, (2) weighted all employees for the
j estimated ratio of women to all current month and the sum of
employees.3
the weighted production or
nonsupervisory workers and
the sum of the weighted all employees for the previous month
that is applied to the previous
month's production or nonsupervisory worker ratio, (2) the
ratio of the sum of the weighted
women workers and the sum of
the weighted all employees for
the current month and the sum
of the weighted women workers and the sum of the weighted
all employees for the previous
month that is applied to the previous month's women worker
ratio.

Average weekly
hours

Production or nonsupervisory
worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.3

Annual average data

All-employee estimate for pre- Sum of all-employee esti- Sum of monthly estivious month multiplied by mates for component cells. mates divided by 12.
weighted ratio of all employees
in current month to all employees in previous month, for
sample establishments, which
reported for both months.2

Production or nonsupervisory
worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.4

Sum of production or Sum of monthly estinonsupervisory worker es- mates divided by 12.
timates, or estimates of
women employees, for
component cells.

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the
average weekly hours for
component cells.

Annual total of aggregate
hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker
employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

|

Average weekly
overtime hours

Average hourly
earnings

i
Production worker overtime i Production worker overtime Average, weighted by pro- j
hours divided by number of pro- j hours divided by number of pro- duction worker employment, of the average
duction
Hi irtinn wnrkfarQ 3
! Hi irtinn wnrkprs 4
weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Total production or non-Total production or non- Average, weighted by agsupervisory worker payroll di- supervisory worker payroll di- j gregate hours, of the avvided by total production or vided by total production or | erage hourly earnings for
4
nonsupervisory worker hours.3 nonsupervisory worker hours. 1 component cells.

See footnotes at end of table.




186

Annual total of aggregate
overtime hours (production or nonsupervisory
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided
by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate
payrolls (production or
nonsupervisory worker
employment multiplied by
weekly hours and hourly
earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
for the non-probability-based and the probability-based sample estimates—Continued
Non-probability sample
Employment,
hours, and
earnings
Average weekly
earnings

Probability sample

i Basic estimating cell (industry, Basic estimating cell (industry,
region, size, or region/size cell)
4-digit published level)

Both samples
Aggregate industry level
(division and, where
stratified, industry)

Annual average data

T"

Product of average weekly Product of average weekly Product of average weekly Product of average
hours and average hourly earn- hours and average hourly earn- hours and average hourly weekly hours and average hourly earnings.
earnings.
ings.
ings.

1

The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustment factors that compensate for the underrepresentation
of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The estimates are computed by applying a unique monthly birth/
death model component that estimates the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the sample.
3
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary characteristics of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the match sample and, at the same

time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
4
A weighted link relative estimator is used to move average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings forward from the point at which the probability-based sample estimates
are introduced. For average weekly hours, this ratio is weighted hours
divided by weighted production/nonsupervisory workers. For average hourly earnings, this ratio is weighted payroll divided by weighted
hours. This will effectively preserve the true month-to-month sample
movement if the new probability sample has different levels than the
current sample.

ror in the survey—the inability to capture, on a timely basis,
employment generated by new firm births. There is a lag of
several months between an establishment's opening for business and its appearing on the UI universe frame and being
available for sampling. Nonsampling methods must be used
to capture the portion of employment growth accounted for
by new firms; otherwise, substantial underestimation of total
employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used in the establishment survey since the
late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark, bias adjustments
were derived from a simple mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous 3 years to arrive at
bias projections for the coming year. The undercount errors
were measured as the difference between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980s indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline. Based
on this research, a revised method was developed that uses
the sample data on employment growth over the most recent
two quarters, and a regression-derived coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error
model has been used for the production of national estimates
since 1983.
The current model still has limitations on its ability to react to changing economic conditions or changing error structure relationships between the sample-based estimates and
the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the inability
to incorporate UI universe counts as they become available
on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag from the reference period. For this reason, the current quarterly outputs
from the model are subject to intervention analysis and ad-

justments can be made to model results prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review for purposes of
intervention analysis is done primarily in terms of detection
of outlier (abnormally high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of UI universe counts.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling error
in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among these
nonsampling error sources is a business death bias. When a
sampled firm closes down, most often it simply does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero
employment. Follow-up with nonrespondents may reveal an
out-of-business firm, but this information often is received
too late to incorporate into monthly estimates, and the firm is
simply treated as a nonrespondent for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, a death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and of
themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the past decade. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark
revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount
of bias that was added each month over the course of an
interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added for 1999
is listed as 150,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1998
through March 1999. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is known.
Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference
between a March estimate derived purely from the sample




187

(that is, a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the
March benchmark. Dividing this figure by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias required is thus
defined as the amount of bias adjustment that would have
achieved a zero benchmark error. The difference between the
total bias required and the total bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any
given year. Also provided in table 2-B are the March-to-March
changes. As discussed above, the over-the-year changes
indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required
figures.

known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design results in an optimum allocation
of the sample among strata because sampling variance is
proportional to the average size of establishments. The
universe of establishment employment is highly skewed, with
a large percentage of total employment concentrated in
relatively few establishments. Because variance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger
establishments at a higher rate than smaller establishments,
assuming the cost per sample unit is fairly constant across
size classes.
Under the establishment survey design, large establishments
fall into certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the
sample for the various industries is determined empirically
based on experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in the
sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries
provides for a complete census of the large establishments,
with a relatively few chosen from among the smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large proportion of
total employment is accounted for by small establishments,
the sample design again calls for inclusion of all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller
ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall
into this category. To keep the sample to a size that can be
handled with available resources, these industries are sampled
with a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is
the case for most manufacturing industries.

THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal of
its design is to sample a large enough segment of the universe
to provide reliable estimates that can be published both
promptly and regularly. The present sample allows BLS to
produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for
each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3
weeks after the reference period, and data in considerably
more detail with an additional 1-month lag.
The CES survey, which was begun over 50 years ago, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception. Quota
sampling is different from probability sampling in that it requires a fixed number of units, but they need not have been
drawn in a random selection process.
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is a
form of sampling with probability proportionate to size,

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries>, March 1989-99
(In thousands)
Benchmark
Year

Employment1

Revision2

1989

89,015

-93

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040
103,965
106,627

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518
85
242

1

131

123

2,835

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130
150
150

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173
157
170

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882
2,925
2,662

Added3

course of an inter-benchmark period, that is, from April of the prior
year through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March
estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment,
converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.

Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About
97 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment
insurance administrative records, and the remaining 3 percent is
from alternate sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




Required4

Over-the-year
employment
change5

Average monthly bias

NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

188

Coverage
Table 2-C shows the latest benchmark employment levels and
the approximate proportion of total universe employment
coverage at the total nonfarm and major industry division
levels. The coverage for individual industries within the
divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

sampling error can be estimated, the CES yields an annual
approximation of total error, on a lagged basis, because of
the availability of the independently derived universe data.
While the benchmark error is used as a measure of total error
for the CES survey estimate, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes (specifically, the CES sample process
and the UI universe process), and thus reflects the errors
present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for total nonfarm employment. Over
the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged
0.3 percent, with absolute revisions ranging from less than
0.05 percent to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over- and
under-estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indication of the accuracy of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from
the final benchmark level.

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error—sampling and nonsampling. The
magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly related
to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment survey
sample covers more than one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm
estimates. Measurements of error associated with sample
estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys, for which only

Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells cannot be compared with universe data sources, and
therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although
the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in
employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the
hours and earnings estimates also are subject to sampling and
nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings are computed using the method
of random groups, and are expressed as relative standard
errors (standard error divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for individual industries having specified numbers of employees are presented in table 2-E; those for major
industries appear in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its estimated value gives the estimate of the
standard error. The errors presented here are based on averages observed from sample data over the March 1994 through
March 1995 period.

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1999
Sample coverage1
•

Industry

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities . T
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate..
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Benchmarks
(thousands)

• •

~

Employees
• • • •

Number of
establish- Number
(thouments2
sands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

127,125

292,718

41,592

33

539
5,918
18,533

2,594
24,697
48,151

182
1,025
7,561

34
17
41

14,453
22,821
54,469

2,009
1,052
4,701

30
15
21

19,901
69,733

1,835 '
7,881

25
21

6,720
6,846
22,262
7,486
38,323
2,697
4,804
12,997

3

4

7,594
8,176
20,129

2,697
3,907
8,742

Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Because the estimates for the two industries are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each estimate, S,2 and S22:

100
81
67

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
In the CES redesign probability-based sample for wholesale
trade, this figure is a count of the number of Ul accounts sampled.
3
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete
count of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. Hours and
earnings estimates are derived from a sample.
4
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as
well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based
on a sample of reports covering about 60 percent of employment in
Federal establishments.




S difference
The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The covariance between these estimates must be accounted for when
testing the significance of the change in estimates over time.
189

The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows:

sample for CES ensures a proper representation of the universe of nonfarm business establishments through randomized selection techniques and the regular rotation of sample
members.
In addition, the CES sample redesign addresses a second
critical limitation of the current CES sample, which is lack of
timely sample-based representation of employment from new
business births. Procedures have been developed for regular
sample updates that will ensure better representation of new
units in the CES sample. Time series modeling techniques
are being used to estimate the residual portion of birth employment not accounted for through the improved sampling
techniques. Introduction of a probability-based sample for
the CES survey allows for the publication of sampling errors
and confidence intervals, standard survey accuracy measures
not directly applicable to the current nonprobability design.
Overall accuracy of the survey employment estimates, however, is still best measured by the magnitude of annual benchmark revisions, as they encompass the total estimation error
associated with the CES employment series.

+ s^ - 2ps,s
1*2

S change
If Si = S2, then:

S change

=

Conservative estimates of p after 1 month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, the standard error can be used to construct an approximate confidence interval, or range of values, that includes the true population value. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many
times, and an estimate and its standard error were calculated
for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals-from 1 standard error below the estimate to 1 standard
error above the estimate-would include the true population
value.

The new CES sample design. The new design is a stratified,
simple random sample of worksites, clustered by UI account
number. The UI account number is a major identifier on the
BLS longitudinal database of employer records, which serves
as both the sampling frame and the benchmark source for the
CES employment estimates. The sample strata, or subpopulations, are defined by State, industry, and employment size,
yielding a State-based design. The sampling rates for each
stratum are determined through a method known as optimum
allocation, which distributes a fixed number of sample units
across a set of strata to minimize the overall variance, or sampling error, on the primary estimate of interest. The total nonfarm employment level is the primary estimate of interest,
and the new design gives top priority to measuring it as precisely as possible, or, in other words, minimizing the statistical error around the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimates.
For the CES redesign, the number of sample units drawn
was fixed to the approximate size of the original CES sample,
which is the sample size supported by current program
resources. This sample size makes possible the publication
of considerable industry and geographic detail within a State,
and provides for highly reliable national CES estimates at
the total nonfarm and detailed industry levels.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings, based
on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-based estimates are published 2 months later, when nearly all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G presents
the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and the mean
absolute percent revision that may be expected between the
preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are
normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and
1 cent for hourly earnings at the total private nonfarm level,
and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry
groupings.
CES sample redesign
In June 1995, BLS announced plans for a comprehensive
sample redesign of its monthly payroll survey. The initial research phase for the CES sample redesign was completed in
1997, and BLS launched a production test of the new sample
design at that time. The production test phase concluded in
June 2000, when the first estimates from the new design, for
the wholesale trade industry, were published with the 1999
benchmark revisions. Redesigned samples for the remaining
industry divisions will be phased in with subsequent years'
benchmark releases, between 2001 and 2003.

Frame and sample selection. The Longitudinal Data Base
(LDB) is the universe from which BLS draws the CES sample.
The LDB contains data on approximately 7.5 million U.S.
business establishments, representing nearly all nonfarm elements of the U.S. economy. The ES-202 program collects
these data from employers, on a quarterly basis, in cooperation with State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). The
LDB contains employment and wage information from employers, as well as name, address, and location information.
It also contains identification information such as Unemploy-

Original sample design limitations. The original CES survey is based on a quota sample, the inception of which, over
50 years ago, predated the introduction of probability sampling as the internationally recognized standard for sample
surveys. Quota samples are known to be at risk for potentially significant biases. Introducing a probability-based




190

Table 2-D. Current (March 1999) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1999
benchmark revision

Ten-year average
mean percent revision

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

258

0.2

0.1

0.3

242

.2

.1

.4

217

.9

.4

.7

-1
-3
0
3

-.2
-6.5
1.1
0
2.8

.2
-1.5
-.5
.8
.3

1.4
2.7
2.7
2.1
1.5

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

112
15
4
94

1.9
1.1
.5
2.5

.2
-.1
.9
.2

1.2
2.1
2.1
1.2

Manufacturing

106

.6

.5

.6

114

1.0

.6

.8

2
8
-4
10
5
26
10
9
10
-1
27
18
4
18
7

.2
1.5
-.7
1.4
2.2
1.7
.5
2.4
.6
-.2
1.8
.8
2.1
1.8

.5
.8
.3
.3
.7
.6
.6
.5
.2
.2
1.0
1.4
.5
.7
.7

1.5
1.2
.8
.7
1.1
.8
.9
1.6
.8
1.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.3
1.5

-8

-.1

.3

.6

-8
0
-2
8
8
-1
-1
-3
-12

-.5
0
-.4
1.1
1.2
-2.3
-1.2

4

5.1

.2
.7
.1
.6
.4
(1)
.2
.3
.7
.8

.9
2.6
.9
1.3
.8
.5
.8
1.6
1.1
2.3

41

(1)

(1)

.3

35
-9
0
2
-3
5
-8
0
-4
44
24
19

.5
-.2
0

0

-.2
2.8
-.7
0
-.9
1.8
1.6
2.2

2.2
-.6
-.5
.4
.4
.2

.8
1.2
.9
2.0
2.6
3.4
4.7
4.3
2.4
1.3
1.8
.8

-63
-13
-50

-.9
-.3
-1.8

-.5
-.4
-.6

1.1
1.3
1.1

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

1

See footnotes at end of table.




191

1.4

-.1
-.1

.4

-.2
-.9
-.3
-1.3
1.1

Table 2-D. Current (March 1999) and historical benchmark revisions-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

MarchI 1999
benchmark revision

Ten-year average
mean percent revision

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

88
0
1
-32
6
-29
-2
-7
-3
117
3

0.4
0
(1)
-1.4
.2
-1.2
-.2
-.6
-.3
1.5
.1

0.3
-.6
1.5
1.9
-.2
-1.1
-.9
.8
-1.0
.9
(1)

0.6
1.3
2.6
3.1
.7
1.1
1.0
1.5
1.2
1.3
.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

-61
-15
13
11
-5
-1
-5
6
-32
-28
-21
-7
-18

-.8
-.4
.6
.7
-2.0
-.1
-1.4
.9
-13.9
-1.2
-1.3
-.9
-1.2

-.2
-.6
-.9
-.5
-3.5
1.9
2.4
.4
-5.1
.4
.4
.3
-.3

1.2
1.3
1.3
1.0
6.0
2.9
5.5
1.1
5.6
1.4
1.6
1.0
1.3

26
8
44
21
109
-3
154
173
50
4
-19
8
-20
20
9
31
13
-17
-4
4
9
53
-10
3
35
-147
10
-108
-5

.1
1.2
2.5
1.6
1.2
-.3
4.5
5.7
2.8
.3
-5.1
1.4
-1.3
.2
.5
1.7
.3
-2.7
-.4
.2
.3
7.6
-1.3
3.3
1.4
-4.6
1.1
-10.7
-10.0

.1
1.4
1.0
1.0
.6
.4
1.4
2.1
1.1
-1.1
-2.2
-1.5
-.1
-.5
-.5
-.2
-.7
.8
-.8
.4
-.2
-.8
-.4
1.7
2.2
-.8
-.3
-1.3
0

.5
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.3
3.1
2.9
2.6
1.5
4.8
3.6
3.0
.7
1.3
.9
.8
2.6
1.0
2.3
1.4
5.4
1.4
2.3
2.8
1.8
1.1
3.8
3.7

16
0
0
4
19
-15
12
10
3

.1
0
0
.1
.9
-.6
.1
.1
.1

(1)
0
0

.2
0
0
.5
1.2
.5
.2
.3
.4

Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1
2

Less than 0.05 percent.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.




192

O

.1
(1)

O

n1
()

NOTE: Nee is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of industries that cannot be more specifically identified.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings
(In percent)

The probability sample is stratified by State, industry, and
size. Stratification groups population members together for
the purpose of sample allocation and selection. The strata, or
groups, are composed of homogeneous units. With 11 industries and 8 size classes, there are 88 total allocation cells per
State. The sampling rate for each stratum is determined
through a method known as optimum allocation. Optimum
allocation minimizes variance at a fixed cost or minimizes
cost for a fixed variance. Under the CES probability design,
a fixed number of sample units for each State is distributed
across the allocation strata in such a way as to minimize the
overall variance, or sampling error, of the total State employment level. The number of sample units in the CES probability sample is fixed to the approximate size of the existing
nonprobability CES survey. The optimum allocation formula
will place more sample in cells for which data cost less to
collect, cells that have more units, and cells that have a larger
variance. When compared with the quota sample, there are
fewer units selected in manufacturing and more units selected
in services.
During the first quarter of each year, a new sample is drawn
from the LDB. Annual sample selection helps keep the CES
survey current with respect to employment from business
births and business deaths. In addition, the updated universe
files provide the most recent information on industry, size,
and metropolitan area designation.
After all out-of-scope records are removed, the sampling
frame is sorted into allocation cells. Within each allocation
cell, units are sorted by MSA and by the size of the MSA,
which is the number of UI accounts in that MSA. As the sampling rate is uniform across the entire allocation cell, implicit
stratification by MSA ensures that a proportional number of
units are sampled from each MSA. Some MSAs may have
too few UI accounts in the allocation cell; these MSAs are
collapsed and treated as a single MSA. Within each selection
cell, the units are sorted by PRN, and units are selected
according to the specified sample selection rate. The number
of units selected randomly from each selection cell is equal
to the product of the sample selection rate and the number of
eligible units in the cell, plus any carryover from the prior
selection cell. The result is rounded to the nearest whole number. Carryover is defined as the amount that is rounded up or
down to the nearest whole number.
Once the sample is drawn, sample selection weights are
calculated based on the number of UI accounts actually selected within each allocation cell. The sample selection weight
is approximately equal to the inverse of the probability of
selection, or the inverse of the sampling rate. It is computed
as:
Sample selection weight = Nh / r^
where:
Nh = the number of noncertainty UI accounts within
the allocation cell that are eligible for sample
selection
r^ = the number of noncertanity UI accounts selected
within the allocation cell

Relative standard error
Number of
employees
50,000
100,000....
200,000....
500,000....
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment
1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.9

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

Relative errors were estimated using sample data from March
1994-March 1995.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment, hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Relative standard error
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Relative errors were estimated using sample data from March
1994-March 1995.

ment Insurance (UI) Account Number, Reporting Unit Number, and LDB Number.
The LDB consists of all employers covered under the
Unemployment Insurance Tax System. That system covers
97 percent of all employers in the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. There are a
few sections of the economy that are not covered, including
the self-employed, small family businesses, railroads,
charitable organizations, small agricultural employers, and
elected officials. Data for employers generally are reported
at the worksite level. Employers who have multiple
establishments within a State usually report data for each
individual establishment. The LDB tracks establishments over
time and links them from quarter to quarter.
Permanent Random Numbers (PRNs) have been assigned
to all UI accounts on the sampling frame. As new units appear
on the frame, random numbers are assigned to those units as
well. As records are linked across time, the PRN is carried
forward in the linkage.




193

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

Total.
Total private
Goods-producing ...

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

47,200

0

40,800

0

12,800

0

1,700
400
700

0
0

.2

1,500
400

.1
-.1
.1

.6
.3
.3

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

7,500
3,900
2,900
5,000

0
.1
0
0

.1
.2
.3
.1

Manufacturing.

9,600

0

6,600

0

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .

Durable goods ,
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment..
Electronic components and accessories.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
,
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

1,500
1,100
1,200
1,600
1,200
2,100
2,900
2,100
2,300
1,600
4,700
3,900
1,600
1,400
800

0
0
0
0
-.1
0

.1
.3
0
0
0
.1
0
0

.1

.1

4,800
2,900
600
1,200
2,600

1,100
1,700
1,700
900
1,400
500

.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.5
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2

0
.9
0
.2
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
-.1

.1
1.1
.2
.3
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4

43,700

0

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit.
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

9,300
8,900
1,800
3,500
5,600
1,400
6,600
200
1,100
4,100
3,600
1,400

0
-.1
-.2
-.2
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.5
-.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.2
.6
.5
.2
.7
.4
.8
.2
.1
.2
.1

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

7,500
4,400
4,700

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

See footnotes at end of table.




194

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies ....
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations ..
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

25,200
2,900
17,500
17,200
6,400
3,000
1,100
6,400
2,400
8,800
8,000

0
0
0
0
0
-.1
-.1
.2
.1
0
.2

.1
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service .
Real estate

5,700
3,900
3,100
2,900
900
1,600
1,200
1,000
1,700
2,500
2,100
1,300
2,600

0
0
-.1

.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

28,700
3,000
5,600
4,900

0
.2
.1

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service.
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

16,000
8,700
7,700
10,200
8,600
4,900
12,600

12,700
2,400
11,100
10,900
2,800
1,900
1,100
6,800
9,200
5,500
2,500
1,600
3,500
2,000
1,300
12,100

9,200
4,000
1,400
600
3,400
5,200
2,000
3,400
500

11,700
7,000

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly
observations.
2
Includes other industries, not shown separately.




-.1
-.1
0
0
0
0
0
0

.1
0

-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
.1
0
0
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
0
.2
0
0
0
0
-.1
.1
.1
0
0
.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0

.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
.9
.4
0
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.5
.2
.5
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.3
.8

.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1

NOTE: Nee is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and
designates broad categories of industries that cannot be more specifically identified. Errors are based on differences from January 1995
through December 1999.

195

To further reduce enrollment workload caused by the annual update of the sample, BLS has established a "swapping"
procedure in which sample members selected in the previous
year are used in lieu of new sample members. As a result of
the swap procedure, the amount of sample overlap from year
to year is increased. A sample is selected from the first-quarter frame using the random sampling procedures. If a new
sample member is selected during random sampling, a check
is made for a previously selected unit that was not selected in
the new sample. The previously selected unit must be within
the same State, industry, and size class and must have the
same PRN date as the originally selected unit. Newly selected
units are replaced until all suitable replacements are exhausted.
The units are generally available for swapping due to changes
in the MSA, SIC, and size of units.
As a result of the swap procedure, approximately 90 percent of the Current Employment Statistics Sample Redesign
(CES-R) sample overlaps from one year to the next. Before
the swap procedure was implemented, approximately 35,000
new UI accounts were selected each year during the annual
update. With the swap procedure, this number is reduced by
as much as 40 percent, or 15,000 units.
Due to the dynamic economy, there is a constant cycle of
business births and deaths. A semi-annual update is performed
during the third quarter of each year. This update
selects units from the population of births and other units not
previously eligible for selection, and includes them as part of
the sample. Updated location, contact, and administrative information is provided for all establishments that were
selected in the annual sample selection.

ments are made to reflect each of the worksites' probability
of selection.
Estimation. Under the new methodology, CES will use a
matched sample concept and weighted link relative estimator to produce employment, hours, and earnings estimates.
Consistent with the historical CES definition, a matched
sample is defined to be all sample members that have reported data for the reference month and the month prior. A
slight adjustment to the above matched definition is made to
exclude from the matched sample any sample unit that reports that it is out-of-business. The reasoning behind this handling is described later in the section on estimation of business births and deaths.
The estimator for employment and that for hours and earnings uses the sample trend in the cell to move the previous
level or ratio to the current-month estimated level or ratio. In
the case of all employees, an additive model-based component is applied as well. This component also is described in
the business birth and death estimation section.
The basic formula for estimating employment is:

+ (net birthldeath model),

AEc =

where:

= matched sample unit;

i

w.
Sample enrollment activities. The primary enrollment of
new establishments for the CES-R is taking place in BLS
Data Collection Centers (DCCs) located in Atlanta, Kansas
City, and Dallas, and in the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Center in Chicago. Once the sample has been sent to the DCCs,
interviewers enroll the selected establishments. While the UI
account represents the sample unit, interviewers are responsible for tracking and collecting the data for the individual
establishments, regardless of the current UI configuration
associated with the establishments.
In the case of large, multiple-worksite UI accounts, it is
sometimes necessary to subsample employers. This occurs
when:

= weight associated with the CES report;

€ •

c 1

= current-month reported all employees;

Ptl

= previous-month reported all employees;

ae

>

A

AEC

= current-month estimated all employees; and

AEp

- previous-month estimated all employees.

The basic form for the estimator used to develop the current-month production workers series is:
PW = AExPWRATIO,

- the company cannot report for all worksites from a
central location;
- the company cannot provide an aggregate report for the
entire UI account;
- there are too many individual worksites to make it practical to contact each of them.

,. xpwci

PWRATW = PWRATIO x

With subsampling of a smaller number of worksites, both
interviewer workload and respondent burden are reduced
without significantly reducing the accuracy of the estimates,
but this technique will result in a small increase in variance.
In the event that a UI account is subsampled, weight adjust-




, and

1%

Estimation of overtime hours is identical to that described
for weekly hours, with the appropriate substitution of overtime hours values for the weekly hours values in the previous
formula.

where:
= matched sample unit;
= weight associated with the CES report;

PW

- current-month estimated production workers;

PWRATIOc

=

PW RATIO

p =

Pwd

current-month production-worker-to-all-employee ratio;

Benchmarking. Annual benchmark adjustment that revises
2 years of data continues under the redesign, but with slight
modification to the process. Under the original CES procedures, when national series are benchmarked, sample links
derived from the final (or third) set of monthly estimates are
applied to the March benchmark level to re-estimate 1 year
forward from the new benchmark levels. The year prior to
the benchmark is adjusted by a simple wedge-back procedure that distributes the benchmark error in equal increments
across the 11 months preceding the March benchmark.
For initial implementation of the redesign estimates for each
major industry division, all series for both the year prior to
and the year following the March benchmark month are revised to incorporate sample-based estimates calculated from
the new sample and estimators. Thus, there is more revision
in the benchmark period under the redesign than experienced
previously for all data types. In particular, basic cell-level
hours and earnings estimates, which have no benchmark revision under current procedures, are subject to change.

previous-month production-worker-to-all-employee ratio;

= current-month reported production workers;

pwp j

= previous-month reported production workers;

ae

= current-month reported all employees;

c,i

ae

= previous-month reported all employees; and

AEC

« current-month estimated all employees.

Pj

Estimation of the series for women workers is identical to
that described for production workers, with the appropriate
substitution of women worker values for the production
worker values in the previous formulas.
The same basic form of the estimator holds for all data
types. The basic estimators of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are:
X W

^c i

X

PWc.i

Business birth and death estimation. In a dynamic economy,
firms are continually going out-of-business while, at the same
time, new businesses are opening. These two normal occurrences offset each other to some extent. That is, firms that are
born replace firms that die. CES uses this fact to account for
a large proportion of the employment associated with business births. This is accomplished by excluding such units from
the matched sample definition. Effectively, business deaths
are not included in the sample-based link portion of the estimate, and their employment loss is assumed to offset a portion of the employment associated with births.
There is an operational advantage associated with this
approach as well. Most firms will not report that they have
gone out of business; rather, they simply cease reporting and
are excluded from the link, as are all other nonrespondents.
As a result, extensive follow-up with monthly nonrespondents
to determine whether a company is out-of-business or simply
did not respond is not required.
Employment associated with business births will not exactly equal that associated with business deaths. The amount
by which it differs varies by month and by industry. As a
result, the residual component of the birth/death offset must
be accounted for by using a model-based approach.
With any model-based approach, it is desirable to have 5
or more years of history to use in developing the models.
Due to the absence of reliable counts of monthly business
births and deaths, development of an appropriate birth/death
residual series assumed the following form:

AWH< =

'(z>.
w

(?•< x P

P.i

V

i

))

X

Prcj

and
J)

AHEC = AHEpx

>t x wh

where:
,

= matched sample unit;

w

i

- weight associated with the CES report;

AWH

c

_ current-month estimated average weekly hours;

AWH

p

«. previous-month estimated average weekly hours;

w

"ci

= current-month reported weekly hours;

"P,I

- previous-month reported weekly hours;

w

= current-month reported production workers;

W

P PJ

- previous-month reported production workers;

AHEc

= current-month estimated average hourly earnings;

AHEp

— previous-month estimated average hourly earnings;

WHc

= current-month estimated weekly man hours;

WHp

= previous-month estimated average man hours;

W

Pd

Birth/death residual

- current-month reported weekly payroll; and
= previous-month reported weekly payroll.




197

Population - Sample-based
estimate + Error

Simulated monthly probability estimates over a 7-year
period were created and compared with population employment levels. Moving from a simulated benchmark, the
differences between the series across time represent a cumulative birth/death component. Those residuals are converted
to month-to-month differences and used as input series to the
modeling process.
Models are fit using X-12 ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average). Outliers, level shifts, and temporary ramps are automatically identified. Seven models are
tested, and the model exhibiting the lowest average forecast
error is selected for each series.

of total nonfarm employment will continue to be the most
difficult issue in CES employment estimation.
Variance estimation/or the CES redesign estimates. A probability-based sample allows for the calculation and publication of sampling variances and confidence intervals—standard survey accuracy measures not directly applicable to the
current nonprobability design. The estimation of sample variance for the survey is accomplished through use of the method
of Balanced Half Samples (BHS). This replication technique
uses half samples of the original sample and calculates estimates using those subsamples. The sample variance is calculated by measuring the variability of the subsample estimates. The weighted link estimator is used to calculate both
estimates and variances. The sample units in each cell—where
a cell is based on State, industry, and size classification—are
divided into two random groups. The basic BHS method is
applied to both groups. The subdivision of the cells is done
systematically, in the same order as the initial sample selection. Weights for units in the half sample are multiplied by a
factor of 1 + a where weights for units not in the half sample
are multiplied by a factor of 1 - a. Estimates from these subgroups are calculated using the estimation formula described
previously.

Difference between the birth/death model and bias adjustment Table 2-H compares the level of bias adjustment
applied in the previously published CES series with the net
birth/death adjustment used in the redesign series in
wholesale trade. Over the course of the "postbenchmark year"
from April 1999 to March 2000, the cumulative bias adjustment added 150,000 to the wholesale trade employment level,
while the net birth/death model added 30,000 overall. Note
that the latter model has greater variability from month to
month, including months with a negative adjustment. This
mainly reflects the seasonal pattern of the net birth/death
series observed in the historical UI universe data series.
The net birth/death models will replace the bias adjustment modeling currently used for the CES program as estimates for each major industry division are phased in for official publication. The ARIMA model component is updated
and reviewed on a quarterly basis, as are the current bias adjustments. However, the net birth/death model component figures are unique to each month, unlike the bias adjustments,
which are identical for all 3 months of a given quarter.
An important conceptual and empirical distinction between
current bias adjustment and new net birth/death models involves the elements that the models are designed to identify.
Although the primary purpose of the existing bias adjustment
process is to account for new business birth employment, it
also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling error, or bias,
in the current CES estimate because the primary input to the
model is total estimation error. Sampling bias can be significant in the existing sample because of its quota design, and
the bias component is therefore relatively large. In contrast,
the net birth/death models estimate only the residual component not measurable by the sample; the models do not attempt to correct for deficiencies in sample design. Therefore,
the net birth/death model component in the redesign series is
expected to be significantly smaller than the bias adjustment
component in the current CES estimates.
The most significant potential drawback to a model-based
approach is that time series modeling assumes a predictable
continuation of historical patterns and relationships. Therefore, a model-based approach is likely to have some difficulty producing reliable estimates at economic turning points
or during periods in which there are sudden changes in trend.
In sum, accurate estimation of the business birth component




The formula used to calculate CES variances is as follows:

where:
is the half-sample estimator;

r=

k = number of half-samples; and
= original full sample estimates

Appropriate uses of sampling variances in CES. Variance
statistics are useful for comparison purposes, but they do have
some limitations. Variances reflect the error component of
the estimates that is due to surveying only a subset of the
population, rather than conducting a complete count of the
entire population. However, they do not reflect nonsampling
error, such as response errors, and bias due to nonresponse.
The overall performance of the program (calculating all-employee estimates) will still be measured in terms of the benchmark revisions. Variances for items not benchmarked—that
is, average hourly earnings and average weekly hours—can
serve as a more meaningful measure of their error now with a
representative probability sample. The variances of the overthe-month change estimates are very useful in determining
when changes are significant at some level of confidence.
Sampling errors for wholesale trade. The sampling errors
shown for the wholesale trade industry have been calculated
198

Table 2-H. Bias adjustment effects for published series versus
net birth/death modei effects for the wholesale trade industry
(In thousands)

{lustration of the use of table 2-J. Table 2-J provides a reference for the standard errors of 1 -, 3-, and 12-month changes
in AE, AHE, and AWH. The errors are presented as standard
errors of the changes.
Suppose that the over-the-month change in AHE from January to February for motor vehicles, parts, and supplies is $0.11.
The standard error for a 1 -month change for this industry
from the table is $0.09. The interval estimate of the overthe-month change in AHE that will include the true over-themonth change with 90-percent confidence is calculated:

Wholesale trade industry

Year and month

Bias adjustment
for
published series

Net birth/death
adjustment
for the
post-benchmark
period

Monthly amount
1999:
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

13
13
13
14
14
14
12
12
12

1
9
5
-6
9
4
4
6
9

2000:
January
February
March

11
11
11

-23
6
6

150

30

Cumulative total

$0.11 +/-(1.645*$0.09)
= $0.11+/-$0.15
- -$0.04 to $0.26
The true value of the over-the-month change is in the interval -$0.04 to $0.26. Because this interval includes $0.00
(no change), the change of $0.11 shown is not significant at
the 90-percent confidence level. Alternatively, the estimated
change of $0.11 does not exceed $0.15(1.645 * $0.09); therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change is
not significant at the 90-percent confidence level.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)

for estimates that follow the benchmark employment revision by a period of 12 to 24 months. Since the error estimates
generally increase as a function of time after the month of
benchmark revision, this period was determined to be the
period of greatest interest for the estimates. For example, the
May 2000 estimates follow the benchmark revision (March
1999) by 14 months. The errors are presented as median values of the observed error estimates. These estimates have been
estimated using the method of Balanced Half Samples (BHS)
with the probability sample data and sample weights assigned
at the time of sample selection.

As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with BLS
collect and prepare State and area employment, hours, and
earnings data. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the full
CES sample to produce monthly national employment estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the sample
to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions
are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be
obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue.

Illustration of the use of table 2-L Table 2-1 provides a
reference for relative standard errors of three major series
developed from the CES—estimates of the numbers of all
employees (AE), of average hourly earnings (AHE), and of
average weekly hours (AWH). The errors are presented as
relative standard errors (standard error divided by the estimate and expressed as a percent). Multiplying the relative
standard error by its estimated value gives the estimate of the
standard error.
Suppose that the level of all employees for wholesale trade
in a given month is estimated at 6,944,000. The approximate
relative standard error of this estimate (0.57 percent) is provided in table 2-1. A 90-percent confidence interval would
then be the interval:

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation
procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate
national data by detailed industry; correspondingly, the State
estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
for each individual State. State estimates are not forced to
sum to national totals or vice versa. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than is the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State-level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate
level. This has been a particular problem at turning points in
the U.S. economy, when the majority of the individual State
errors tend to be in the same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the Bureau does not compile or publish a "sumof-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions
users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and
volatile error structure, particularly at turning points.

6,944,000 +/- (1.645*.0057*6,944,000)
- 6,944,000+/-65,110
= 7,009,110 to 6,878,890




199

Table 2-1. Relative standard error for estimates of employment, hours, and earnings in wholesale trade
(In percent)
Relative standard error
Industry

Wholesale trade.
Durable goods.
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Nondurable goods.
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods.

Table 2-J. Standard error for change in levels estimates of employment, hours, and earnings in wholesale trade
Standard error
1-month change
Industry

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials.
Professional and commercial equipment .
Metals and minerals, except petroleum....
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and
heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods .




Standard error
3-month change

Standard error
12-month change

All
Average Average
All
Average Average
All
emweekly
hourly
ememweekly
hourly
ployees
hours earnings ployees
hours earnings ployees

Average Average
weekly
hourly
hours earnings

8,694
6,024
1,784
1,252
1,362
2,778
971
2,165

0.08

0.04

13,804

0.11

0.05

26,198

0.16

.10

.05

9,175

.13

.07

18,995

.19

.12

.26
.44
.32
.23
.42
.25

.09
.19
.12
.15
.14
.19

2,864
2,071
2,524
4,990
1,448
3,222

.31
.58
.39
.32
.48
.32

.12
.29
.16
.20
.18
.24

5,838
4,674
4,155
9,935
2,862
7,469

.68
.83
.63
.45
.90
.49

.19
.59
.25
.39
.28
.34

1,245
2,571
2,071

.27
.17
.30

.13
.09
.11

2,091
3,824
3,385

.44
.22
.40

.18
.11
.15

5,045
7,063
6,339

.64
.33
.64

.38
.20
.37

0.09

5,750

.13

.05

9,747

.18

.07

16,865

.28

.12

1,596
1,778
1,746
3,091

.37
.39
.39
.24
.51
.49
.41
.36
.27

.18
.24
.16
.08
.13
.17
.11
.19
.08

2,841
2,769
2,897
5,401
1,933
1,623
1,560
1,555
4,648

.47
.58
.51
.33
.68
.68
.48
.51
.35

.22
.33
.23
.11
.20
.23
.14
.31
.12

4,556
5,231
5,927
8,969
2,552
2,962
3,270
2,176
6,997

.70
.92

.37
.59
.39
.18
.29
.36
.30
.66
.21

1,260
1,054
952
926
2,647

200

.81
.57

1.04
1.13
.76
.77
.54

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMAs), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 337 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




201

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State UI
laws; and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas—New York City and
the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained using the same modeling approach as for states. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMAs, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMAs within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

202

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-11 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were




203

revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily
add to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Establishment data
Effective in June 1996, with the release of the March 1995
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4- vs. 5-week
effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent
concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.

The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because this month has a 5-week interval between the February and March surveys only every 29
years.
Effective with the release of the March 1997 benchmark,
seasonally adjusted series for hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers from 1989 forward incorporate refinements to the seasonal adjustment process to
correct for distortions related to the method of accounting
for the varying length of payroll periods across months—a
calendar effect.
REGARIMA modeling also is used to identify, measure,
and remove this calendar effect for the publication level seasonally adjusted hours and earnings series.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data (usually the most recent 5 years) are made
once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series
are seasonally adjusted using multiplicative models in
X-12. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied
at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These




series, however, are used in the aggregation to higher level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, is removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
The standard procedure for seasonal adjustment for the
local education employment series was improved with the
1997 benchmark. In the past, the seasonal factors for this
industry were derived using the standard seasonal adjustment
procedure of a logarithmic transformation of the data as input
for the multiplicative decomposition of the series. However,
in recent years, the forecasted seasonal factors have failed to
adequately reflect the changing behavior of this industry in
the summer months. The factors for this industry are now
derived using a square-root transformation of the data as
input for an additive decomposition of the series. These
modifications produce seasonal factors that better reflect
current industry seasonal patterns. However, the annual
averages of seasonally adjusted and unadjusted series will
not be equal.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process. The special adjustment made in November each year to adjust for the effect
of poll workers in the local government employment series
also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988
forward.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 2000, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 2000, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 2000-April 2001 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of
seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by
major industry for all States and the District of Columbia
(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly
to the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each State. BLS independently develops
a national employment series; State estimates are not forced
to sum to national totals. Because each State series is subject
to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national
series, summing them cumulates individual State level errors
and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level.
Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a
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"sum-of-States" employment series, and cautions users that
such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-ll




205

ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to
regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.